testdome javascript interview question no.6 (https://www.testdome.com/d/javascript-interview-questions/2)
Your company assigns each customer a membership ID, and you are implementing a check digit for those IDs.
The check digit should be calculated by adding up all digits in each membership ID. If the result of the sum is a number with more than a single digit, another iteration is required, and the digits of the result also should be added together. This process should repeat until a single-digit number is calculated.
For example, for the membership ID "55555" the sum of all digits is 25. Because this is not a single-digit number, 2 and 5 would be added, and the result, 7, would be the check digit.


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---
layout: onecolumn
activePage: 'quiz'
title: Do you Qualify for Medicaid?
description: Just answer a few questions to know whether you qualify for Medicaid services or not. Or simply contact us at<PHONE_NUMBER>.
---
Do I qualify for Medicaid?
Just answer these few questions to find out if your are eligible for Medicaid:
{% for question in site.data.quiz.questions %}
{{ question.question }}
{% for option in question.options %}
{% endfor %}
{% endfor %}
GET YOUR FREE CONSULTATION TODAY
Don’t Panic. Let us help you navigate through the thousands of possible solutions to find the best care for you or your loved ones.


All fields marked with * are mandatory
Step 1. Consider how a system disruption could impact the organisation, documenting the key points, impact category and rating
- How will a disruption to the activity impact the organisation?
- What is the impact of this disruption?
- What is the impact category?
- What is the impact rating for different periods of disruption?
Step 2. Using the impact ratings determined in step 1 and through discussion, assign a Maximum Tolerable Data Loss (MTPD) that falls within the timeframe correlating to a level 4 or 5 rating.
- How long can the disruption be tolerated before the impact is realised?
Step 3. Consider how loss of data could impact the organisation and assign a Maximum Tolerable Period of Disruption (MTDL) period from the drop-down list, noting, this will translate to the data backup regime.
- How critical is currency of data to the impact category identified and for what period is data loss tolerable


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 2
Dietary
Preheat the oven to 200C/400F/Gas 6.
For the tomato sauce, heat the oil in a heavy-based ovenproof pan. Add the onion and garlic and fry gently for a few minutes until softened, but not coloured.
Add the tomatoes and balsamic vinegar, then season, to taste, with salt and freshly ground black pepper.
Stir well, then transfer to the oven for 6-8 minutes, until the sauce is slightly reduced and thickened.
For the pancakes, sift the flour into a bowl with a pinch of salt.
Make a well in the centre and break in the eggs. Gradually whisk together, adding the milk a little at a time to make a smooth batter.
Grate the courgettes and stir into the batter.
Heat the oil in a frying pan and add spoonfuls of the courgette batter. Cook for 2-3 minutes, or until tiny bubbles begin to form on the surface and the underside of the pancakes are lightly golden. Turn over and cook for another 1-2 minutes, until cooked through and lightly golden.
To serve, place the courgette pancakes onto warmed plates and spoon over the tomato sauce.


--- layout: not_homepage quote: Success is no accident. It is hard work, perseverance, learning, studying, sacrifice and most of all, love of what you are doing or learning to do. author: Pele ---


BEYONCÉ
Artist & Entrepreneur
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>www.beyonce.com
"We need to reshape our own perception of how we view ourselves.
We have to step up as women and take the lead."
Solo Albums
Beyoncé
- The album "Beuoncé" made me the 1st woman in the chart's history
to have her 1st five studio albums debut at number 1
4
- The album sold 310.000 copies in its 1st week and debuted atop
the Billboard 200 chart, giving me the 4th consecutive number-one
album in the US
I am... Sasha Fierce
- "Halo" was my longest-running Hot 100 single which is how I
attained more top-ten singles on the list than any other woman
during the 2000s
B'Day
- The single "Irreplaceable" was a commercial success worldwide,
reaching number 1 in Australia, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand and
the US
Dangerously in Love
- The album sold 317.000 copies in its first week, debuted atop
the Billboard 200
- Its lead single "Crazy in Love" became my 1st number-one
single as a solo artist in the US
Lead Vocalist
Destiny's Child
- "Say My Name" won the Best R&B Preformance by a Duo or Group
with Vocals and the Best R&B Song at the 43rd Annual Grammy
Awards
- "The Writing's on the Wall" album sold more than 8M copies worldwide
- Our 3rd album "Survivor" debuted at number 1 on the U.S. Billboard 200,
with first-week sales of 663.000 copies sold
- Writing award from the New York Association of Black Journalists for my
cover story "Eat, Play, Love"
- 24 MTV Video Music Awards
- 21 BET Awards
- 20 Grammys (most nominated woman in Grammy history)
- 7 American Music Awards
- 6 Billboard Music Awards
- A total of 254 awards won
Home page


---
layout: post
title: stunt truck visual for franco dragones the house
date: '2014-12-05T07:30:00+01:00'
categories:
- Concept Art
- Props
picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/104406976966/stunt-truck-visual-for-franco-dragones-the-house
---
Stunt truck visual for Franco Dragone’s The House of Dancing Water in Macau.


Andhiy
menu
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Your startup has creative, development and product needs that change frequently over time.
We're here to help you adapt, build and propel growth.
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This is a webpage mockup of a hypothetical bank's loan application process. My goals were to make the process seem easy to understand and to facilitate the process of choosing the right loan.
I chose to include a timeline of the application process to provide a quick and simple overview, and organized the packages in distinct blocks. If a customer has unanswered questions, a button at the bottom of the page would lead to a chat screen, and the customer would be connected to an employee.


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Toolbar button...
shows menu
shows
Add link
dialog
directly saves link as
Read later
Open
Add Link
form in new tab instead of popup window
Show notifications when saving links
Add context menu items
Show all tags when saving links
Keyboard shortcuts
To set up shortcuts, go to
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in the cogwheel menu at the top.
{description}:
{shortcut}
[
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]


|
KlusterKite
0.0.0
A framework to create scalable and redundant services based on awesome Akka.Net project.
|
Go to the source code of this file.
Classes | |
| class | KlusterKite.Web.Tests.GraphQL.ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration |
| Testing publishing and resolving integration More... | |
| class | AdditionalProvider |
| An additional provider More... | |
Namespaces | |
| namespace | KlusterKite.Web.Tests.GraphQL |
Typedefs | |
| using | KlusterKite.Web.Tests.GraphQL.Constants = KlusterKite.Core.Log.Constants |
Functions | |
| this[Fact] async Task | NodeQueryEmptyTest () |
| [instance initializer] | |
| this[Fact] async Task | NodeQueryForMethodTest () |
| this[Fact] async Task | NodeQuerySimpleObjectTest () |
| this[Fact] async Task | NodeQueryRootTest () |
| this[Fact] async Task | NodeNestedQueryTest () |
| this[Fact] async Task | NodeQueryWithVariableTest () |
| this[Fact] async Task | MethodsRequestTest () |
| async Task | VariablesRequestTest () |
| Testing simple fields requests from ApiDescription More... | |
| async Task | MutationSimpleRequestTest () |
| Testing call of simple mutation More... | |
| async Task | MutationObjectUpdaterTest (string input, string name, string type, decimal value, bool hasRecursive, string recursiveName, string recursiveType, decimal recursiveValue, int recursionArrayElementsCount) |
| Testing call of simple mutation More... | |
| async Task | MutationTriggerRequestTest () |
| Testing call of simple mutation More... | |
| async Task | MutationInConnectionRequestTest () |
| Testing call of simple mutation More... | |
| async Task | SchemaGenerationTest () |
| Testing correct schema generation from generated ApiDescription More... | |
| async Task | SimpleFieldsRequestTest () |
| Testing simple fields requests from ApiDescription More... | |
| async Task | AuthorizationFieldTest (string fieldName, bool expectingResult, bool setSession, bool setUser, bool setClientPrivilege, bool setUserPrivilege) |
| Testing simple fields requests from ApiDescription More... | |
| Assert. | Equal (CleanResponse(expectedResult), CleanResponse(response)) |
| Assert. | Equal (expectingResult ? 0 :1, sink.LogEvents.Count) |
| async Task | AuthorizationMutationTest (bool expectingResult, bool setSession) |
| Testing the authorization to untyped mutation More... | |
| async Task | FieldAccessLogTest () |
| Testing simple fields requests from ApiDescription More... | |
| async Task | MutationLogTest () |
| Testing simple fields requests from ApiDescription More... | |
| async Task | AuthorizationConnectionQueryTest (bool expectingResult, bool setSession, string privilege) |
| Testing authorized connection query request from ApiDescription More... | |
| async Task | AuthorizationConnectionMutationTest (bool setSession, string privilege, string mutationName, string arguments, string expectedResult, bool expectingResult) |
| Testing authorized connection mutation request from ApiDescription More... | |
| async Task | DateTimeTest () |
| Testing simple fields requests from ApiDescription More... | |
| async Task | ErrorHandlingTest () |
| Testing simple fields requests from ApiDescription More... | |
| async Task | FieldAccessTest () |
| Checking the work of DeclareFieldAttribute.Access More... | |
| async Task | ObjectMethodAsFieldSubMutationTest () |
| If API defines method that has no published parameters, the mutations declared in method result should be accessable More... | |
| async Task | SimpleFieldsMergeWithRootTest () |
| Testing simple fields requests from ApiDescription More... | |
| async Task | SimpleFieldsMergeTest () |
| Testing simple fields requests from ApiDescription More... | |
| async Task | VirtualIdTest () |
| Testing querying the objects virtual id More... | |
| async Task | RequestWithFragmentsTest () |
| Testing requests with use of fragments from ApiDescription More... | |
| async Task | RequestWithFragmentsAnonymousTest () |
| Testing requests with use of anonymous fragments from ApiDescription More... | |
| async Task | RequestWithFragmentAsInterfaceAnonymousTest () |
| Testing requests with use of anonymous fragments from ApiDescription More... | |
| async Task | RecursiveFieldsTest () |
| Testing requests with use of fragments from ApiDescription More... | |
| async Task | RequestWithAliasesTest () |
| Testing requests with use of fragments from ApiDescription More... | |
Variables | |
| fragment F0 on | TestApi_TestObject |
| var | result |
| var | response = new DocumentWriter(true).Write(result) |
| fragment F0 on | TestApi_NestedProvider |
| fragment F0 on | TestApi_TestSecondApi |
| [instance initializer] | ( | ) |
| async Task AuthorizationConnectionMutationTest | ( | bool | setSession, |
| string | privilege, | ||
| string | mutationName, | ||
| string | arguments, | ||
| string | expectedResult, | ||
| bool | expectingResult | ||
| ) |
Testing authorized connection mutation request from ApiDescription
| setSession | A value indicating whether to set authentication session |
| privilege | The privilege to set |
| mutationName | The mutation name |
| arguments | The mutation arguments |
| expectedResult | The expected result |
| expectingResult | A value indicating whether to expect data result |
Definition at line 3273 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task AuthorizationConnectionQueryTest | ( | bool | expectingResult, |
| bool | setSession, | ||
| string | privilege | ||
| ) |
Testing authorized connection query request from ApiDescription
| expectingResult | A value indicating whether to expect data result |
| setSession | A value indicating whether to set authentication session |
///
| privilege | The privilege to set |
Definition at line 3148 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task AuthorizationFieldTest | ( | string | fieldName, |
| bool | expectingResult, | ||
| bool | setSession, | ||
| bool | setUser, | ||
| bool | setClientPrivilege, | ||
| bool | setUserPrivilege | ||
| ) |
Testing simple fields requests from ApiDescription
| fieldName | The requested api field name |
| expectingResult | A value indicating whether to expect data result |
| setSession | A value indicating whether to set authentication session |
| setUser | A value indicating whether to set authenticated user |
| setClientPrivilege | A value indicating whether to set "access" to client privileges scope |
| setUserPrivilege | A value indicating whether to set "access" to user privileges scope |
Definition at line 2818 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task AuthorizationMutationTest | ( | bool | expectingResult, |
| bool | setSession | ||
| ) |
Testing the authorization to untyped mutation
| expectingResult | A value indicating whether to expect data result |
| setSession | A value indicating whether to set authentication session |
Definition at line 2894 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task DateTimeTest | ( | ) |
Testing simple fields requests from ApiDescription
Definition at line 3340 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| Assert. Equal | ( | CleanResponse(expectedResult) | , |
| CleanResponse(response) | |||
| ) |
| Assert. Equal | ( | expectingResult ? 0 :1 | , |
| sink.LogEvents. | Count | ||
| ) |
| async Task ErrorHandlingTest | ( | ) |
Testing simple fields requests from ApiDescription
Definition at line 3387 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task FieldAccessLogTest | ( | ) |
Testing simple fields requests from ApiDescription
Definition at line 2978 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task FieldAccessTest | ( | ) |
Checking the work of DeclareFieldAttribute.Access
Definition at line 3464 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| this[Fact] async Task MethodsRequestTest | ( | ) |
Definition at line 2287 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task MutationInConnectionRequestTest | ( | ) |
Testing call of simple mutation
Definition at line 2583 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task MutationLogTest | ( | ) |
Testing simple fields requests from ApiDescription
Definition at line 3046 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task MutationObjectUpdaterTest | ( | string | input, |
| string | name, | ||
| string | type, | ||
| decimal | value, | ||
| bool | hasRecursive, | ||
| string | recursiveName, | ||
| string | recursiveType, | ||
| decimal | recursiveValue, | ||
| int | recursionArrayElementsCount | ||
| ) |
Testing call of simple mutation
| input | The mutation input |
| name | The expected returned test object name |
| type | The expected returned test object type |
| value | The expected returned test object value |
| hasRecursive | A value indicating whether to expect nested object |
| recursiveName | The expected returned nested object name |
| recursiveType | The expected returned nested object type |
| recursiveValue | The expected returned nested object value |
| recursionArrayElementsCount | The expected returned nested objects array length |
Definition at line 2463 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task MutationSimpleRequestTest | ( | ) |
Testing call of simple mutation
Definition at line 2396 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task MutationTriggerRequestTest | ( | ) |
Testing call of simple mutation
Definition at line 2542 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| this[Fact] async Task NodeNestedQueryTest | ( | ) |
Definition at line 2140 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| this[Fact] async Task NodeQueryEmptyTest | ( | ) |
Definition at line 1847 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| this[Fact] async Task NodeQueryForMethodTest | ( | ) |
Definition at line 1920 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| this[Fact] async Task NodeQueryRootTest | ( | ) |
Definition at line 2073 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| this[Fact] async Task NodeQuerySimpleObjectTest | ( | ) |
Definition at line 2010 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| this[Fact] async Task NodeQueryWithVariableTest | ( | ) |
Definition at line 2215 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task ObjectMethodAsFieldSubMutationTest | ( | ) |
If API defines method that has no published parameters, the mutations declared in method result should be accessable
Definition at line 3495 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task RecursiveFieldsTest | ( | ) |
Testing requests with use of fragments from ApiDescription
Definition at line 3944 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task RequestWithAliasesTest | ( | ) |
Testing requests with use of fragments from ApiDescription
Definition at line 4001 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task RequestWithFragmentAsInterfaceAnonymousTest | ( | ) |
Testing requests with use of anonymous fragments from ApiDescription
Definition at line 3901 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task RequestWithFragmentsAnonymousTest | ( | ) |
Testing requests with use of anonymous fragments from ApiDescription
Definition at line 3858 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task RequestWithFragmentsTest | ( | ) |
Testing requests with use of fragments from ApiDescription
Definition at line 3813 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task SchemaGenerationTest | ( | ) |
Testing correct schema generation from generated ApiDescription
Definition at line 2630 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task SimpleFieldsMergeTest | ( | ) |
Testing simple fields requests from ApiDescription
Definition at line 3646 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task SimpleFieldsMergeWithRootTest | ( | ) |
Testing simple fields requests from ApiDescription
Definition at line 3547 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task SimpleFieldsRequestTest | ( | ) |
Testing simple fields requests from ApiDescription
Definition at line 2683 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task VariablesRequestTest | ( | ) |
Testing simple fields requests from ApiDescription
Definition at line 2335 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| async Task VirtualIdTest | ( | ) |
Testing querying the objects virtual id
Definition at line 3723 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| var response = new DocumentWriter(true).Write(result) |
Definition at line 1826 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| var result |
Definition at line 1819 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| fragment F0 on TestApi_NestedProvider |
Definition at line 2044 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| fragment F0 on TestApi_TestObject |
Definition at line 1811 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.
| fragment F0 on TestApi_TestSecondApi |
Definition at line 2109 of file ApiProviderPublishResolveIntegration.cs.


---
title: "Enterprise-Grade Continuous Delivery & DevOps Automation Open Source Platform"
cid: home
---
{{< section id="homeGrid" >}}
{{% feature image="elastic" %}}
#### Elastic
CDS resources/workers are launched on demand, to guarantee low waiting times for users, with no over-consumption of idle resources
{{% /feature %}}
{{% feature image="extensible" %}}
#### Extensible
In CDS, any kind of action (Kubernetes and OpenStack deployments, pushing to Kafka, testing for CVEs…) can be captured in high-level plugins, to be used as building blocks by users. These plugins are straightforward to write and use, so it’s easy to meet the most exotic needs in an effective and stress-free way.
{{% /feature %}}
{{% feature image="flexible" %}}
#### Flexible, but easy
CDS can run complex workflows, with all sorts of intermediary steps, including build, test, deploy 1/10/100, manual or automatic gates, rollback, conditional branches… These workflows can be stored as code in the git repository. CDS provides basic workflow templates for the Core team’s most common scenarios, in order to ease the adoption process. This way, building a functional CI/CD chain from nothing can be quick and easy.
{{% /feature %}}
{{% feature image="selfservice" %}}
#### Self-service
Finally, a key aspect is the idea of self-service. Once a CDS project is created by users,
they are completely autonomous within that space, with the freedom to manage pipelines,
delegate access rights etc. All users are free to customise their space as they see fit,
and build on what is provided out-of-the-box. Personalising workflow templates, plugins,
running build and tests on custom VM flavors or custom hardware… all this can be done without
any intervention from the CDS administrators.
{{% /feature %}}
{{< /section >}}
Clearly visualize your workflow
CDS provides an intuitive UI that allows you to build complex workflows, run them and dig into the logs when needed.
The most powerful Command Line for a CI/CD Platform
cdsctl is the CDS Command Line - you can script everything with it, cdsctl also provide some cool commands such as cdsctl shell to browse your projects and workflows without the need to open a browser.


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Built by Cameron Prebble | Data from Beervana & Untappd.
This mashup is part of the Mashblock Open Collection.


I am a machine learning researcher at Huawei Technologies, affected at the Ireland Intelligent Operation & Management Lab.
I am interested in Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in general. Currently, I am working on building efficient and explainable machine learning models to help achieve the Autonomous Driving Network (ADN).
PhD in Machine Learning, from Oct 2019 to now
LIMOS, University of Clermont Auvergne
Master of computer Science, from Sep 2018 to Sep 2019
University of Clermont Auvergne
Master of Computer Science, from Sep 2016 to Sep 2018
University of Yaounde 1
90%
90%
90%
90%
90%
90%
I worked in a team in order to:
Build a professional social network to improve job delivery. The system must help project owners to quickly find the best experts for their job. For experts, the system must help them find the most appropriate tools given a job.
Build an entertainment social network application.
We have developed the android application Jooka and a Software Delivery Engine platform.


Francois van Coke, Jack Parow, Kim Engelbrecht and more: Jesse Clegg releases star-studded music video for ‘Let It Burn’
Cape Town - Jesse Clegg recently shot the music video for his latest hit, Let It Burn.
The music video was officially released on Friday, 8 November and it features several cameo appearances including Abby Nurock, Francois van Coke, Jack Parow, Khan Morbee (Parlotones), Kim Engelbrecht, Odelle de Wet, Ross Learmonth (Prime Circle) and Sjava.
"It was such an amazing vibe being on set, from the dancers and all the talented people that were performing and contributed to the shoot," comments Jesse.
"We just really wanted to capture the emotional quality and energy of the song, and we paired it up with interesting things and people from SA that we can celebrate."
WATCH THE VIDEO HERE:
Jesse has kicked off his 2019 summer tour with more shows to come. He will be performing around the country for the rest of November to early January 2020.
Compiled by Alex Isaacs.
(Photo: Screengrab, YouTube)


CHOOSE YOUR SIDE!
You have not yet selected a team!
Once your side is chosen, you will have to travel as fast as you can any means necessary. The Straighter the better. After a period of time it will log a new data point the further you go the larger the area you gain keep doing it and take over people's area.


I’m a 26 years old IT student from the mountainous place of Bocenago, Italy.
I have few years of working experience in various positions in a building company but
I've always been fascinated by computers and what they can do so 3 years after my highschool graduation
I started attending the Computer Science course at the University of Trento.
I am currently working as a Frontend developer for a company based in Rome, Italy.
In my spare time I love to do sport, especially playing football, which i play in a team,tennis and
pretty much all kinds of sport.
I also love coding, I usually make small projects by myself in order to improve my skills and to have
some fun.
When i don't play football and i don't code,I like watching movies, reading and drawing, perhaps
sleeping and eating too.


A genetic example of Latent Dirichlet Allocation
There are lots of blogs or examples online to explain how a document is generated by Latent Dirichelt Allocation. But during a discussion last week, Prof. Banks gave me a very informative example of Latent Dirichelet Allocation, and it illustrates the way we inherit the genes from our ancestors.
Suppose Mark is a young data scientist living in the San Francisco Bay Area, his maternal family is from Japan, and his paternal family is from Europe. His favorite food is volcano rolls and Cobb Salad. What kind of genes might Mark have? Let’s try to analyze it in a LDA way:
- Mark (Document): 50% genes are from his mother, and 50% genes are from his father.
- Mark’s mother (Topic): 10% Chinese genes(word), 10% Korean genes(word), 80% Japanese genes(word).
- Mark’s father (Topic): 75% British genes(word), 25% German genes(word).
How every part of genes is chosen(generated) before he was born?
- First, choosing if he wants to inherit the gene from his mother or his father
- Then picking the gene based on the probability of the chosen parent
This example is impressive and I personally think it’s more reasonable than many topic modeling examples, since usually the way people use words and make sentences is more dynamic and unpredictable.


Gateway
BOT
07-May-19 07:47 PM
[telegram] <mc_crypto> ok, so let's just ignore obviously problems just becuase it isn't an issue "right now," kinda like landfill, or global warming, right?
So, from the logic you've provided, you're telling me you don't mind have to pay fees every time you want to interact with the chain? even to send messages, or to claim?.....interesting. (re @Seppe: Gas and congestion aren't an issue right now. By the time that this Will be an issue, ethereum team Will deliver solutions)
[telegram] <mc_crypto> "largely" adopted—>forseeable profits
mind explaining the function above? (re @Seppe: As an investor, i put my money where i see my profit. In Ethereum i see an ecosystem largely adopted. On Komodo i see a formidable software with no spread an adoption)
[telegram] <crypto_blackbeard> It's an issiue with binance then (re @Donnie: I’ve send KMD from binance to my ledger but the status is still prossesing and its already about 2 hours ago ?)
[telegram] <mc_crypto> here, I'll be it easier:
f("largely" adopted) = forseeable profits
f(x) = ? (re @mc_crypto: "largely" adopted—>forseeable profits
mind explaining the function above?)
[telegram] <mc_crypto> and I'm pushing a few more (re @yorklab: You are already seeing projects coming over from ETH.)
[telegram] <sagacity25> lol (re @mc_crypto: here, I'll be it easier:
f("largely" adopted) = forseeable profits
f(x) = ?)
[telegram] <Seppe> The team Is working on these problems. Once they Will solve these issues, there Will be no reason to build on Komodo (re @mc_crypto: ok, so let's just ignore obviously problems just becuase it isn't an issue "right now," kinda like landfill, or global warming, right?
 BTC takes at least an hour for me usually. try checking your email for a auth action (re @Donnie: I’ve send KMD from binance to my ledger but the status is still prossesing and its already about 2 hours ago ?)
[telegram] <kremer (n k)> Binance takes abt 2 hrs for kmd
[telegram] <Werxadler> For me it took never longer than 5 minutes (re @kremer (n k): Binance takes abt 2 hrs for kmd)


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public interface IIoTCClient
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
Connect()
Connect device.
|
void |
Disconnect(IoTCCallback callback)
Disconnect device.
|
void |
on(IOTC_EVENTS event,
IoTCCallback callback)
Listen to events.
|
void |
SendEvent(Object payload,
IoTCCallback callback)
Send events
|
void |
SendProperty(Object payload,
IoTCCallback callback)
Send update values to properties.
|
void |
SendState(Object payload,
IoTCCallback callback)
Send a state message
|
void |
SendTelemetry(Object payload,
IoTCCallback callback)
Send a telemetry message.
|
void |
SetGlobalEndpoint(String endpoint)
Set DPS global endpoint.
|
void |
SetLogging(IOTC_LOGGING logLevel)
Set logging level (FULL, API_ONLY, DISABLED).
|
void |
SetProtocol(IOTC_PROTOCOL transport)
Set connection protocol (MQTT, AMQP, HTTPS).
|
void |
SetProxy(HTTP_PROXY_OPTIONS options)
Set network proxy Must be called before Connect().
|
void SetProtocol(IOTC_PROTOCOL transport)
transport
- Trasport to set. Default: MQTTvoid SetGlobalEndpoint(String endpoint)
endpoint
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"global.azure-devices-provisioning.net"void SetProxy(HTTP_PROXY_OPTIONS options)
options
- Proxy optionsvoid SetLogging(IOTC_LOGGING logLevel)
logLevel
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callback
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- if disconnection failsvoid Connect() throws IoTCentralException
IoTCentralException
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payload
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flatten object. It can be a map, a POJO or a JSON stringcallback
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object. It can be a map, a POJO or a JSON stringcallback
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payload
- The event object. Can include multiple events in a flatten
object. It can be a map, a POJO or a JSON stringcallback
- The callback to execute when message is delivered to the hubIoTCentralException
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payload
- The property object. Can include multiple values in a flatten
object. It can be a map, a POJO or a JSON string. If property
is sent in the form {propertyName:{value:"value"}} and
propertyName is the name of a command, then it sends updates
to specific command tile in IoTCentral( e.g. command
progress)callback
- The callback to execute when message is delivered to the hubIoTCentralException
- if connection is droppedvoid on(IOTC_EVENTS event, IoTCCallback callback)
event
- The event to listen to.callback
- The callback to execute when the event is triggeredCopyright © 2019. All rights reserved.


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> Home > Documentation > Fortran 95 > Gravity and Magnetics
MakeGeoidGrid
Create a global map of the geoid.
Usage
call MakeGeoidGrid (geoid
, cilm
, lmax
, r0
, gm
, potref
, omega
, r
, gridtype
, order
, nlat
, nlong
, interval
, lmax_calc
, a
, f
, exitstatus
)
Parameters
geoid
: output, real*8, dimension(nlat
,nlong
)- A global grid of the height to the potential
potref
above a sphere of radiusr
(or above a flattened ellipsoid if botha
andf
are specified). The number of latitude and longitude points depends upongridtype
: (1)lmax+1
by2lmax+1
, (2)2lmax+2
by2lmax+2
, (3)2lmax+2
by4lmax+4
, or (4)180/interval+1
by360/interval+1
. cilm
: input, real*8, dimension (2,lmax
+1,lmax
+1)- The real spherical harmonic coefficients (geodesy normalized) of the gravitational potential referenced to a spherical interface of radius
r0pot
. lmax
: input, integer- The maximum spherical harmonic degree of the gravitational-potential coefficients. For
gridtype
s 1, 2 and 3, this determines the number of latitudinal and longitudinal samples. r0
: input, real*8- The reference radius of the spherical harmonic coefficients.
gm
: input, real*8- The product of the gravitational constant and mass of the planet.
potref
: input, real*8- The value of the potential on the chosen geoid, in SI units.
omega
: input, real*8- The angular rotation rate of the planet.
r
: input, real*8- The radius of the reference sphere that the Taylor expansion of the potential is performed on. If
a
andf
are not specified, the geoid height will be referenced to this spherical interface. gridtype
: input, integer- The output grid is (1) a Gauss-Legendre quadrature grid whose grid nodes are determined by
lmax
, (2) an equally sampledn
byn
grid used with the Driscoll and Healy (1994) sampling theorem, (3) ar a similarn
by 2n
grid that is oversampled in longitude, or (4) a 2D Cartesian grid with latitudinal and longitudinal spacing given byinterval
. order
: input, integer- The order of the Taylor series expansion of the potential about the reference radius
r
. This can be either 1, 2, or 3. nlat
: output, integer- The number of latitudinal samples.
nlong
: output, integer- The number of longitudinal samples.
interval
: optional, input, real*8- The latitudinal and longitudinal spacing of the output grid when
gridtype
is 4. lmax_calc
: optional, input, integer- The maximum degree used in evaluating the spherical harmonic coefficients. This must be less than or equal to
lmax
. a
: optional, input, real*8, default =r0
- The semi-major axis of the flattened ellipsoid that the output grid
geoid
is referenced to. The optional parameterf
must also be specified. f
: optional, input, real*8, default = 0- The flattening
(R_equator-R_pole)/R_equator
of the reference ellipsoid. The optional parametera
(i.e.,R_equator
) must be specified. exitstatus
: output, optional, integer- If present, instead of executing a STOP when an error is encountered, the variable exitstatus will be returned describing the error. 0 = No errors; 1 = Improper dimensions of input array; 2 = Improper bounds for input variable; 3 = Error allocating memory; 4 = File IO error.
Description
MakeGeoidGrid
will create a global map of the geoid, accurate to either first, second, or third order, using the method described in Wieczorek (2007; equation 19-20). The algorithm expands the potential in a Taylor series on a spherical interface of radius r
, and computes the height above this interface to the potential potref
exactly from the linear, quadratic, or cubic equation at each grid point. If the optional parameters a
and f
are specified, the geoid height will be referenced to a flattened ellipsoid with semi-major axis a
and flattening f
. The pseudo-rotational potential is explicitly accounted for by specifying the angular rotation rate omega
of the planet.
It should be noted that this geoid calculation is only strictly exact when the radius r
lies above the maximum radius of the planet. Furthermore, the geoid is only strictly valid when it lies above the surface of the planet (it is necessary to know the density structure of the planet when calculating the potential below the surface).
The geoid can be computed on one of four different grids: (1) a Gauss-Legendre quadrature grid (see MakeGridGLQ
), (2) A n
by n
equally sampled grid (see MakeGridDH
), (3) an n
by 2n
equally spaced grid (see MakeGridDH
), or (4) A 2D Cartesian grid (see MakeGrid2D
). This routine uses geodesy 4-pi normalized spherical harmonics that exclude the Condon-Shortley phase. This can not be modified.
References
Driscoll, J.R. and D.M. Healy, Computing Fourier transforms and convolutions on the 2-sphere, Adv. Appl. Math., 15, 202-250, 1994.
Wieczorek, M. A. Gravity and topography of the terrestrial planets, Treatise on Geophysics, 10, 165-206, 2007.
See also
makegrid2d, makegridglq, makegriddh, makegravgriddh, makegravgradgriddh
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--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113489-new-members/topic/Debug.20.22mutually.20inductive.20types.20compiled.20to.20invalid.20.2E.2E.2E.22.html ---
In a separate thread I'm discussing the design of an affine space library. That's the context for this question. I need a mutually inductive definition of several types. I'm getting the following error message:
mutually inductive types compiled to invalid basic inductive type nested exception message: universe level of type_of(arg #4) of 'apoint._mut_.mk_0' is too big for the corresponding inductive datatypeLean
The question is a basic one: how to debug this problem? It looks like I need to look at the compiled definition. Is that right? In that case, how? Or if it's obvious what's going wrong, I'd be happy simply to know the solution to this blocking problem, at least for right now. I'm not posting the code at this point, hoping for insights without doing that, until the code's in better shape.
use Type*
instead of manually calculating the universe
could you show the definition?
or at least the inductive itself, MWE not required
or at least the inductive itself, MWE not required
mutual inductive apoint, avector, aframe with apoint : Π (s : space), Type | mk : -- any point Π {s : space} (d : ℕ) [has_zero (fin d)] (K: Type) [discrete_field K] (coords : { c : tuple (d+1) K // c.nth 0 = 1 }), apoint s | mk_std : Π { s : space } -- std point, (1, 0, 0, ..., 0) (d : ℕ) [has_zero (fin d)] (K: Type) [discrete_field K], apoint s with avector : Π (s : space), Type | mk : Π {s : space} (d : ℕ) [has_zero (fin d)] (K: Type) [discrete_field K] (coords : { c : tuple (d+1) K // c.nth 0 = 1 }), avector s -- was: aframe s → scalar → avector s | mk_std : Π { s : space } -- std vector(0, 0, 0, ..., 0) (d : ℕ) [has_zero (fin d)] (K: Type) [discrete_field K], avector s with aframe : Π (s : space), Type | mk : Π { s : space }, apoint s → avector s → aframe s | mk_std : Π { s : space }, aframe s -- not yet complete
If I use Type*, I get an error at the end about inductive types having to live in the same universe.
It has a few things that need fixing, but this should give the idea.
Change the types of apoint
, avector
and aframe
to space → Type (u+1)
(this is the same as Π (s : space), Type (u+1)
), and change the types of all K
s to Type u
. If you don't like to worry about universe levels, you can set u
to 0
(so only use Type
- which is Type 0
- and Type 1
).
 I'm having another problem knowing what an error message involving mutually defined types means. The context: I'm defining an affine space abstract data type. An affine space has points, vectors, frames. Points and vectors have coordinates and a frame. A frame has a point (origin) and a set of vectors (basis).
The problem, in the logic below, is that if (as I need to do) I change the type of affine_frame.mk, from taking a point and a single vector to taking a point and a list of vectors (representing a basis), then I get the following error at the top of the inductive definition:
nested occurrence 'list.{1} (affine_vector s)' contains variables that are not parameters
What variables are meant here? What have I done wrong? And how might I fix it? Thank you!
Here's the self-contained code (which I'll be putting in an open GitHub repo once it works).
import algebra.module import data.vector -- for testing import data.real.basic set_option pp.notation false -- UNDERLYING REPRESENTATION --universe u /- Background: the "vector" type in the Lean standard library is a type whose values are really just tuples. We define a "tuple" type polymorphic as the type of tuples of length n over values of a type, K. -/ def tuple (n : ℕ) (K : Type) := vector K n -- testing def aTuple : tuple 3 ℝ := ⟨[2,1,-1], rfl⟩ def aTuple' : tuple 1 ℝ := ⟨[2], rfl⟩ /- With K a discrete field with zero and one values, we define a function to return tuples of length n over K with all elements equal to the field's zero element. -/ def mk_zero_tuple : ∀ (n : ℕ) (K : Type) [f : discrete_field K] [z : has_zero K], vector K n | 0 K f z := vector.nil | (nat.succ n') K f z := vector.cons (z.zero) (@mk_zero_tuple n' K f z) -- testing def aReal3ZeroTuple : tuple 3 ℝ := subtype.mk [0,0,0] rfl def aReal4ZeroTuple : tuple 4 ℝ := subtype.mk [0,0,0,0] rfl structure space : Type 1 := mk :: (name : string) (dim : ℕ) (field: Type) [isField : discrete_field field] [the_zero : has_zero field] [the_one : has_one field] -- testing def time : space := -- non-computable space.mk "time" 1 ℝ def geometry : space := space.mk "geometry" 3 ℝ /- We define affine point, vector, and frame types. The space to which each such object belongs is a part of its type. The definitions are mutually recursive, because point and a vector are defined partly in terms of a frame (in terms of which its coordinates are interpreted), and a frame in turn is defined by a point (its origin) and a tuple of vectors (comprising a basis for its vector space). -/ mutual inductive affine_point, affine_vector, affine_frame with affine_point : space → Type 1 | mk : Π { s : space }, affine_frame s → tuple s.dim s.field → affine_point s | mk_std : Π { s : space }, -- std point, (1, 0, 0, ..., 0) wrt std_frame affine_point s with affine_vector : space → Type 1 | mk : Π {s : space}, affine_frame s → tuple s.dim s.field → affine_vector s | mk_std : Π { s : space }, -- std vector(0, 0, 0, ..., 0) wrt std_frame affine_vector s with affine_frame : space → Type 1 | mk : Π { s : space }, affine_point s → list (affine_vector s) → affine_frame s -- stub | mk_std : Π { s : space }, affine_frame s -- std frame
I've tried with a universe variable, u, substituting Type (u+1), and also Type (u+2), for Type 1 where it appears in the mutual definition, to no avail. Thanks, all, for your ongoing help with this stuff.
Kevin
I've done a bunch of maths in Lean and I have never once had to use a mutually inductive type. I know nothing about them and this is why I can't help. Is there any way of just taking things apart and defining some normal inductive types?
@Ben Leedom and I were faced with a mutual inductive definition when trying to define the product of CW complexes. Lean couldn't cope, so we unrolled it into a single inductive definition of a complicated structure (something like "product of CW complexes along with inclusions of products of the k- and l- skeleta of the factors")
I've done a bunch of maths in Lean and I have never once had to use a mutually inductive type. I know nothing about them and this is why I can't help. Is there any way of just taking things apart and defining some normal inductive types?
Yes. That is how Lean does it underneath, but it doesn't do it very well. There is a good way of doing it.
This looks difficult to debug, since you are using mutually inductive types with nested inductive types in affine_frame
. I am no expert in these things - the only way I would know how to get to the bottom of the error is to unroll the definition into non-mutual/nested inductive types. Someone had a similar problem awhile back, here is the link to the conversation: https://leanprover.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/113489-new-members/topic/Induction/near/160350668.
I've done a bunch of maths in Lean and I have never once had to use a mutually inductive type. I know nothing about them and this is why I can't help. Is there any way of just taking things apart and defining some normal inductive types?
Yes. That is how Lean does it underneath, but it doesn't do it very well. There is a good way of doing it.
I guess my first question is whether my definition violates a fundamental constraint (e.g., positivity), or whether what I'm seeing is the just that Lean isn't yet capable of dealing with such a definition. My second question is, where do I go for a complete definition of the unrolling method?
To help, I've abstracted from the affine space details and have reduced the problem instance to a very short piece of code. I give three versions here of almost the same definition. The first two work; the third is borked and isolates the problem.
(1) Works: Two non-polymorphic mutually inductive types, the second taking a list of the first as an argument.
(2) Works: Two polymorphic mutually inductive types, the second taking only a single instance of the first as an argument.
(3) Borked: Two polymorphic mutually inductive types, the second taking a list of the first as an argument.
-- a type argument axiom S : Type -- #1 [WORKS] (Note: s arguments are ignored) mutual inductive X, Y with X : Type | mk : Π (s : S), Y → X with Y : Type | mk' : Π (s : S), list X → Y -- #2 [WORKS] mutual inductive A, B with A : S → Type | mk : Π (s : S), B s → A s with B : S → Type | mk' : Π (s : S), A s → B s -- #3 [BORKED] mutual inductive P, Q with P : S → Type | mk : Π (s : S), Q s → P s with Q : S → Type | mk' : Π (s : S), list (P s) → Q s -- putting list in front of (P s) breaks it
I should know the answer to this but I don't: Will Lean print out the unrolled definitions of P, Q?
The example that break Lean works in Coq. This suggests that the problem is in Lean, not in definition. Or maybe I don't understand a subtle difference between the logics of Lean and Coq, respectively.
--[BORKED IN LEAN] mutual inductive P, Q with P : S → Type | mk : Π (s : S), Q s → P s with Q : S → Type | mk' : Π (s : S), list (P s) → Q s -- putting list in front of (P s) breaks it
(* WORKS IN COQ *) Axiom S : Set. Inductive P : S -> Set := | mk : forall (s : S), Q s -> P s with Q : S -> Set := | mk' : forall (s : S), list (P s) -> Q s.
You can see what your inductive type actually is with #print affine_point
I've done a bunch of maths in Lean and I have never once had to use a mutually inductive type.
Kevin B: Thanks. This is a good place for mutual inductive definitions. A point in an affine space can be given coordinates in terms of a frame. A vector can be given coordinates in the same way. A frame, in turn, comprises a point and a set of vectors constituting a basis for the vector space. These points and vectors, being points and vectors, in turn have coordinates in terms of some (possibly other) frame. It all bottoms out with the concept of a standard frame with a standard origin point and standard basis vectors. What this structure naturally supports is the situation where you have chains of changes in basis/coordinate-systems. This kind of situation arises frequently in domains like computer graphics and robotics.
You can see what your inductive type actually is with
#print affine_point
Ok, that's easy. Thank you.
You can see what your inductive type actually is with
#print affine_point
Ok, that's easy. Thank you.
Except that the definition isn't accepted, so affine_point isn't defined. Any way to see what Lean is trying to reduce the definition to?
This is mutual and nested, because you have list (affine_vector s)
as a constructor. That might be the problem.
this example is given in https://leanprover.github.io/theorem_proving_in_lean/inductive_types.html#mutual-and-nested-inductive-types
This is mutual and nested, because you have
list (affine_vector s)
as a constructor. That might be the problem.
Example #1 is mutual and nested but not polymorphic, and it works. Example #2 is mutual and polymorphic but not nested, and it works. Example #3 is mutual, polymorphic, and nested. That's where it breaks. Yet it works in Coq.
as a quick fix, you could try to redo it giving the specialization of list
explicitly as another type
mutual inductive P, Q, Q_list (S : Type u) (s : S) with P : S → Type u | mk : Q s → P s with Q : S → Type u | mk' : list (P s) → Q s with Q_list : Type u | nil {} : Q_list | cons : Q s → Q_list → Q_list
I have no idea if this translates exactly to the semantics of what you want, though
interesting, your original example doesn't even need that
variable S : Type mutual inductive P, Q (s : S) with P : S → Type | mk : Q s → P s with Q : S → Type | mk' : list (P s) → Q s
this example is given in https://leanprover.github.io/theorem_proving_in_lean/inductive_types.html#mutual-and-nested-inductive-types
Andrew, thank you. Your pointer set me off in a direction that seems to be working. The problem appears to be (thus this thread being in the beginners section) that I had the type arguments in the wrong place.
Here are type definitions that at least so far seem good. I have yet to prove that instances are actually affine spaces, formalized as torsors over vector spaces. I might run into problems when I try to do that, but at least I now have a path to try.
Here are type definitions, followed in the second code block by working "test code".
import algebra.module import data.vector universe u /- Tuples of length n over a type, K -/ def tuple (n : ℕ) (K : Type u) : Type u := vector K n /- A type, space, values of which we will use to uniquely identify a given affine space, while characterizing its key attributes, namely its dimension and the field over in terms of which scalars and coordinate tuples are defined. Such a space has a name, allowing us to distinguish spaces with the same field and dimensionality. -/ structure space (dim : ℕ) (K: Type) [isField : discrete_field K] [theZero : has_zero K] [theOne : has_one K] : Type := mk :: (name : string) /- A mutual inductive definition of affine point, vector, and frame types. A point in an affine space is given coordinates in terms of a frame. A vector can be given coordinates in the same way. A frame, in turn, has a point, its origin, and a sequence of vectors, constituting a basis for the vector space. We are not yet specifying or enforcing the linear independence of the vectors. The points and vectors that make up a frame, being points and vectors, in turn have coordinates expressed in terms of some (possible other) frame. The recursion bottoms out with at a standard frame with a standard origin and standard basis vectors. This structure naturally supports situation where you have chains of changes in basis/coordinate-systems. This kind of situation arises frequently in domains like computer graphics and robotics. -/ mutual inductive affine_point, affine_vector, affine_frame { d : ℕ } { K: Type } { f : discrete_field K } { z : has_zero K } { o : has_one K } (s : space d K) with affine_point : Type 1 | mk_std : affine_point | mk : affine_frame → tuple d K → affine_point with affine_vector : Type 1 | mk_std : affine_vector | mk : affine_frame → tuple d K → affine_vector with affine_frame : Type 1 | mk_std : affine_frame | mk : affine_point → (list affine_vector) → affine_frame
Here's code giving the types a little test run.
import .affine_space_new import data.real.basic -- Test tuple type def oneTuple : tuple 1 ℝ := ⟨ [2], rfl ⟩ def aTuple : tuple 3 ℝ := ⟨[2,1,-1], rfl⟩ def aTuple' : tuple 1 ℝ := ⟨[2], rfl⟩ def aReal3ZeroTuple : tuple 3 ℝ := subtype.mk [0,0,0] rfl def aReal4ZeroTuple : tuple 4 ℝ := ⟨ [0,0,0,0], rfl⟩ -- Test space type def time : space 1 ℝ := -- non-computable space.mk 1 ℝ "time" def geometry : space 3 ℝ := -- non-computable space.mk 3 ℝ "geometry" #check time #check space 1 real /- Test affine point, vector, frame types. Time as an affine space. -/ -- standard frame def timeFrame1 : affine_frame time := affine_frame.mk_std time -- standard point (t = 0) def timePoint1 : affine_point time := affine_point.mk_std time -- standard vector (interpret as 1 minute duration) def timeVector1 : affine_vector time := affine_vector.mk_std time -- point at 60 min (1 hr) wrt to std frame def timePoint2 : affine_point time := affine_point.mk timeFrame1 ⟨ [60], rfl ⟩ -- a vector of length 1hr wrt std frame def timeVector2 : affine_vector time := affine_vector.mk timeFrame1 ⟨ [60], rfl ⟩ -- new frame, origin at 1 hour and unit 1 hr, wrt std frame def timeFrame2 : affine_frame time := affine_frame.mk timePoint2 [timeVector2] -- Point @ 24 hours from (t = one hour) wrt std frame def timePoint3 := affine_point.mk timeFrame2 ⟨ [24], rfl ⟩ /- Test affine point, vector, frame types. 3D geometry as an affine space. -/ -- std frame def geomFrame1 : affine_frame geometry := affine_frame.mk_std geometry -- std origin def geomPoint1 : affine_point geometry := affine_point.mk_std geometry -- std vector [one of them, anyway, need to enhance type] def geomVector1 : affine_vector geometry := affine_vector.mk_std geometry -- new point at [1,1,1] wrt std frame def geomPoint2 : affine_point geometry := affine_point.mk geomFrame1 ⟨ [1,1,1], rfl ⟩ -- new vector at [-1,1,2] wrt std frame def geomVector2 : affine_vector geometry := affine_vector.mk geomFrame1 ⟨ [-1,1,2], rfl ⟩ -- new frame with new basis vectors (need to add constraints here) def geomFrame2 : affine_frame geometry := affine_frame.mk geomPoint2 [geomVector1, geomVector2, geomVector1]
These work in Coq because the Coq kernel is crazy permissive
You can achieve a similar behavior in lean by putting meta
in front of the definition
How close does "crazy permissive" come to "I worry that we'll have another proof of false
someday"?
There is no paper proof that we can't prove false
I've done a bunch of maths in Lean and I have never once had to use a mutually inductive type.
Kevin B: Thanks. This is a good place for mutual inductive definitions. A point in an affine space can be given coordinates in terms of a frame. A vector can be given coordinates in the same way. A frame, in turn, comprises a point and a set of vectors constituting a basis for the vector space. These points and vectors, being points and vectors, in turn have coordinates in terms of some (possibly other) frame. It all bottoms out with the concept of a standard frame with a standard origin point and standard basis vectors. What this structure naturally supports is the situation where you have chains of changes in basis/coordinate-systems. This kind of situation arises frequently in domains like computer graphics and robotics.
The mathematician's concepts involved here don't need inductive types at all. I'm not sure what exactly you are trying to model. but I suspect you're making things more complicated than they need to be.
The same point of an affine space can be described using coordinates in terms of two different frames. Put differently, points described using two different frames can be equal. But in your inductive types, affine_point
s involving different frames are certainly not equal.
What you are trying to build looks more like a type of expressions which can be evaluated to yield a point of an affine space, according to certain rules of formation
What you are trying to build looks more like a type of expressions which can be evaluated to yield a point of an affine space, according to certain rules of formation
Reid, Thank you. What I'm trying to build is a library for algebra/geometry: more specifically one that accommodates different representations of the same points and vectors, in coordinates expressed with respect to different frames. The idea will be that, as far as the user is concerned, coordinates are mostly hidden/abstracted behind information hiding interfaces once objects are built, so so the user will be able to write expressions involving these objects independent of the frames in terms of which their underlying coordinate-based representations are expressed. The Lean terms representing a given mathematical point or vector with respect to different frames won't be equal, but they'll be equivalent as witnessed by their equality under change-of-frame operations that render their underlying coordinate-based representations with respect to a "standard frame" for a given space.
It's also important in my application in any case that we distinguish the types of points and vectors that "live in different spaces", even if the dimensions and underlying field(s) are the same. In this way, we'll be able to represent, e.g., time and distance along some line both as 1-d real affine spaces, but the points and vectors in these spaces won't be compatible with respect to affine space operations. E.g., it won't make sense to subtract a point in time from a position in space.
More generally, I'm being driven by a desire to hew as closely as I can to an elegant and traditional mathematical formalization, while also accommodating the demands of my application, which, for now, I can characterize as wanting to model mathematical physics in a type-safe manner.
Kevin
I don't understand why you want to use inductive types for this. It sounds like the standard math approach would be suitable. Have a type that represents a (possibly abstract) affine space, and functions that, given a frame for an affine space, convert between points of the space and their coordinate representations in that frame.
With the inductive type you're basically making the function (frame on an affine space, coordinates in that frame) -> point in affine space
into a constructor, but it can just be an ordinary function.
I think the sort of design for affine spaces that was being discussed a while ago would be a lot simpler.
I think the sort of design for affine spaces that was being discussed a while ago would be a lot simpler.
I will think about that. At least in the application I have in mind, I need to be able to capture situations where, say, a point, p1, is represented in terms of a frame f1=(p2,(v_2_i)], where p2 and the vectors are expressed in terms of a frame f2=[p3,(v_3_i)], etc., to arbitrary depths. The mutual inductive type seems a reasonable way to get to that. I'm not controverting what you're saying. I'm listening and will think about it.
Which other conversation did you have in mind?
One way to encode this is to say that a frame is an affine isomorphism from k^n to the affine space A (not assumed to have any coordinatization). A coordinatized affine space is one with a designated frame, called the "standard frame"; for example k^n itself is coordinatized. A coordinatized affine space is also a vector space. Given a vector in k^n and an invertible matrix in k^(n x n), we can define an affine automorphism of k^n and so transform one frame to another via precomposition. And of course the frame itself provides functions for getting the point with given coordinates (the forward map) and getting the coordinates of a point (the reverse map).
As for distinguishing different types of affine spaces that have the same dimension and field, this is easy to do using a newtype. If you define
structure time := (val : real) structure space := (val : real)
then time
and space
are isomorphic to real
, but all three types are distinct and you can't confuse one for the other.
I think the sort of design for affine spaces that was being discussed a while ago would be a lot simpler.
I will think about that. At least in the application I have in mind, I need to be able to capture situations where, say, a point, p1, is represented in terms of a frame f1=(p2,(v_2_i)], where p2 and the vectors are expressed in terms of a frame f2=[p3,(v_3_i)], etc., to arbitrary depths. The mutual inductive type seems a reasonable way to get to that. I'm not controverting what you're saying. I'm listening and will think about it.
The Lean expression language itself has this kind of nested structure. You can represent this by a tree of function applications.
Unless you later need access to the particular structure of that tree, you don't need to make those functions be constructors of inductive types.
More likely you want two different such representations of the same point to be equal.
One way to encode this is to say that a frame is an affine isomorphism from k^n to the affine space A (not assumed to have any coordinatization). A coordinatized affine space is one with a designated frame, called the "standard frame"; for example k^n itself is coordinatized.
Yes,:where a frame comprises a point (the origin for that frame) and a basis for the vector space, which along with the origin induces a coordinatization on both the points and vectors of the affine space. I have, at least so far, chosen to represent such isomorphisms by packaging ("hidden") frames and coordinates within each point and vector object. That might change at some point, but for now I'm trying to get at least to a first "working" specification. I think Reid is telling me I don't need to do all this work. I don't yet clearly see a much easier alternative that does everything I want. But I'm still open to a possible v.2 of this still nascent library.
A coordinatized affine space is also a vector space.
I'm formalizing an affine space as a torsor (of "points") over a vector space (of "translations" or "vectors", i.e., differences between points). Speaking in object-oriented terms, I'd say that an affine space "has" a vector space as a component rather than that is "is" a vector space. Not a deep point, but things are represented this way in the emerging library. See the definitions (not yet adequately developed) at the end of the file.
Given a vector in k^n and an invertible matrix in k^(n x n), we can define an affine automorphism of k^n and so transform one frame to another via precomposition.
Yes. I haven't yet specified the concept of an affine transform, but it is necessary and TBD. If you check out the material that I will post to GitHub, you'll see that this concept is missing. It's needed to enable proofs of affine-space properties for the coordinate tuples that I'm using to represent points and vectors. The idea will be that operations such as vector-vector addition will work by changes-of-frames of given arguments to standard frames followed by component-wise addition of coordinates, yielding results expressed in terms of the standard frame.
And of course the frame itself provides functions for getting the point with given coordinates (the forward map) and getting the coordinates of a point (the reverse map).
Yes. I've defined numerous functions to access different elements. More to come.
The code is here. Issues and suggestions are welcome.
https://github.com/kevinsullivan/phys/blob/master/src/algebra/affine_space.lean
It is very easy to define an affine map and an affine isomorphism, probably easier than dealing with points and vectors as you are currently doing
When I say a coordinatized affine space is a vector space, I mean that because a coordinatized affine space has a designated point (the one with coordinate 0), you can construct a vector space structure on top of the affine space (using differences from the designated point)
It is very easy to define an affine map and an affine isomorphism, probably easier than dealing with points and vectors as you are currently doing
I will put this on the eval-to-do list for a possible refactoring.
When I say a coordinatized affine space is a vector space, I mean that because a coordinatized affine space has a designated point (the one with coordinate 0), you can construct a vector space structure on top of the affine space (using differences from the designated point)
Yes.
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


Best Windows 10 apps this week
by Martin BrinkmannThree-hundred-and-sixty-two in a series. Welcome to this week's overview of the best apps, games and extensions released for Windows 10 on the Microsoft Store in the past seven days.
Microsoft released the November 2019 Update for Windows 10 this month and enabled the upgrade via Windows Update and the Update Assistant.
As always, if I've missed an app or game that has been released this week that you believe is particularly good, let me know in the comments below or notify me via email.
Discounts this week
The following list is a selection of the best deals. Make sure you check out the Store for all offers.
Some apps are discounted for more than one week. Only new apps and games are listed below. Check out the previous post in the series for past offers that may still be valid.
- Human Anatomy Atlas 2019: Complete 3D Human Body, for $0.99
- Multi Camera Recorder, for $11.99
- Penbook, freehand writing app for $9.99
- Scrble Ink, another freehand writing app, for $6.99
- WiFi Tool - Analyzer & Scanner, for $2.99
New Windows apps and games
Kile is a TeX/LaTeX editor by KDE that is now also available as a Windows application. The editor offers a graphical user interface that provides users with "all the functionality of LaTeX".
It supports auto-completion, previews, templates and wizards, advanced search functionality, advanced editing commands, and more.
Sapling adds an assistant to the system that helps users fix spelling mistakes and grammatical errors similar to what tools like Grammarly or LanguageTool offer.
The browser extension for Microsoft Edge works on sites, e.g. Gmail, Office Online or blogs, that users open in the web browser.
A premium version with enhanced functionality is also available.
The scanner app for Windows 10 supports wired and wireless scanners. It comes with editing tools and does not depend on other applications.
Editing tools include crop, rotate, sign, and highlight.
New Windows themes
- A Moment of Hygge PREMIUM, 16 4K images that "put you in a warm mood".
- Modern Art Premium, 12 4K images of contemporary art.
- National Geographic Antarctica PREMIUM, 12 4k images of Antarctica.

- Winding Roads Premium, 18 4K images of winding roads.


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HP Green Monday sale knocks an incredible $1,000 off the HP Elite Dragonfly laptop
by Matt HansonHP Green Monday sale knocks an incredible $1,000 off the HP Elite Dragonfly laptop
Forget Black Friday, it's all about Green Monday
(Image credit: Future)
Black Friday is now well behind us, but that doesn't mean HP is stopping the deals, with its Green Monday sale providing some seriously impressive price cuts, including a huge $1,000 off the HP Elite Dragonfly laptop.
This is a powerful 2-in-1 convertible laptop that’s both incredibly light – at under 1kg – and long lasting, thanks to a battery that can go over 24 hours on a single charge.
Not only is it incredibly light, but it’s also incredibly durable as well, meeting the requirements for the MIL-STD 810G military standard.
Usually selling for $2,885, HP has cut the price to just $1,875.25 for one day only. This model comes with an 8th generation Intel Core i5 processor, 8GB RAM, 256GB SSD and 13.3-inch full HD display.
If that's still a little too pricey, HP has also cut the price of a number of its laptops and PCs for its Green Monday sale, and we've listed some of the best below.
Fancy some more savings? Check out our pick of the best laptop deals in December 2019.
- These are the best laptops in the world


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| Top |
Functions
Functions
ncm_model_ctrl_set_model ()
gboolean ncm_model_ctrl_set_model (NcmModelCtrl *ctrl
,NcmModel *model
);
FIXME
ncm_model_ctrl_update ()
gboolean ncm_model_ctrl_update (NcmModelCtrl *ctrl
,NcmModel *model
);
FIXME
ncm_model_ctrl_model_update ()
gboolean ncm_model_ctrl_model_update (NcmModelCtrl *ctrl
,NcmModel *model
);
FIXME
ncm_model_ctrl_model_last_update ()
gboolean
ncm_model_ctrl_model_last_update (NcmModelCtrl *ctrl
);
Checks if the main model was updated during the last call to
ncm_model_ctrl_update()
.
ncm_model_ctrl_model_has_submodel ()
gboolean ncm_model_ctrl_model_has_submodel (NcmModelCtrl *ctrl
,NcmModelID mid
);
Checks if there is a submode inside ctrl model, it is an
error to call this function in an empty ctrl
.
ncm_model_ctrl_submodel_last_update ()
gboolean ncm_model_ctrl_submodel_last_update (NcmModelCtrl *ctrl
,NcmModelID mid
);
Checks if the submodel mid
was updated during the last call to
ncm_model_ctrl_update()
.


| Username | Manager | Department | Actions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1234 ... 10 million | ||||
| Philip | Claire | Development | Edit | Delete |
| Thomas | Philip | Marketing | Edit | Delete |
| Ben | Thomas | Marketing | Edit | Delete |
| Richard | Ben | Development | Edit | Delete |
| Alon | Richard | Development | Edit | Delete |
| Alex | Alon | IT | Edit | Delete |
| Nathan | Alex | IT | Edit | Delete |
| Habib | Nathan | Design | Edit | Delete |
| Jeremy | Habib | Design | Edit | Delete |
| Ed | Jeremy | Design | Edit | Delete |
| Claire | Ed | Development | Edit | Delete |
| Philip | Tom | Development | Edit | Delete |
| Thomas | Claire | Marketing | Edit | Delete |
| Ben | Thomas | Marketing | Edit | Delete |


Module: Dynamoid::Associations::SingleAssociation
- Includes:
- Association
- Included in:
- BelongsTo, HasOne
- Defined in:
- lib/dynamoid/associations/single_association.rb
Instance Attribute Summary
Attributes included from Association
#loaded, #name, #options, #source
Instance Method Summary (collapse)
-
- (Boolean) ==(other)
Is this object equal to the association's target?.
- - (Object) create(attributes = {})
- - (Object) create!(attributes = {})
- - (Object) delete
-
- (Object) method_missing(method, *args)
Delegate methods we don't find directly to the target.
- - (Boolean) nil?
- - (Object) setter(object)
Methods included from Association
#initialize, #loaded?, #reset, #target
Dynamic Method Handling
This class handles dynamic methods through the method_missing method
- (Object) method_missing(method, *args)
Delegate methods we don't find directly to the target.
44 45 46 47 48 49 50 |
# File 'lib/dynamoid/associations/single_association.rb', line 44 def method_missing(method, *args) if target.respond_to?(method) target.send(method, *args) else super end end |
Instance Method Details
- (Boolean) ==(other)
Is this object equal to the association's target?
37 38 39 |
# File 'lib/dynamoid/associations/single_association.rb', line 37 def ==(other) target == other end |
- (Object) create(attributes = {})
27 28 29 |
# File 'lib/dynamoid/associations/single_association.rb', line 27 def create(attributes = {}) setter(target_class.create!(attributes)) end |
- (Object) create!(attributes = {})
23 24 25 |
# File 'lib/dynamoid/associations/single_association.rb', line 23 def create!(attributes = {}) setter(target_class.create!(attributes)) end |
- (Object) delete
17 18 19 20 21 |
# File 'lib/dynamoid/associations/single_association.rb', line 17 def delete source.update_attribute(source_attribute, nil) self.send(:disassociate_target, target) if target && target_association target end |
- (Boolean) nil?
52 53 54 |
# File 'lib/dynamoid/associations/single_association.rb', line 52 def nil? target.nil? end |
- (Object) setter(object)
10 11 12 13 14 15 |
# File 'lib/dynamoid/associations/single_association.rb', line 10 def setter(object) delete source.update_attribute(source_attribute, Set[object.id]) self.send(:associate_target, object) if target_association object end |


| ||||||||||||||||||||
x509v3_config(5)
NAMEx509v3_config - X509 V3 certificate extension configuration format
DESCRIPTIONSeveral of the OpenSSL utilities can add extensions to a certificate or certificate request based on the contents of a configuration file. Typically the application will contain an option to point to an extension section. Each line of the extension section takes the form: extension_name=[critical,] extension_options If critical is present then the extension will be critical. The format of extension_options depends on the value of extension_name. There are four main types of extension: string extensions, multi-valued extensions, raw and arbitrary extensions. String extensions simply have a string which contains either the value itself or how it is obtained. For example: nsComment="This is a Comment" Multi-valued extensions have a short form and a long form. The short form is a list of names and values: basicConstraints=critical,CA:true,pathlen:1 The long form allows the values to be placed in a separate section: basicConstraints=critical,@bs_section [bs_section] CA=true pathlen=1 Both forms are equivalent. The syntax of raw extensions is governed by the extension code: it can for example contain data in multiple sections. The correct syntax to use is defined by the extension code itself: check out the certificate policies extension for an example. If an extension type is unsupported then the arbitrary extension syntax must be used, see the ARBITRARY EXTENSIONS section for more details.
STANDARD EXTENSIONSThe following sections describe each supported extension in detail.
Basic Constraints.This is a multi valued extension which indicates whether a certificate is a CA certificate. The first (mandatory) name is CA followed by TRUE or FALSE. If CA is TRUE then an optional pathlen name followed by an non-negative value can be included. For example: basicConstraints=CA:TRUE basicConstraints=CA:FALSE basicConstraints=critical,CA:TRUE, pathlen:0 A CA certificate must include the basicConstraints value with the CA field set to TRUE. An end user certificate must either set CA to FALSE or exclude the extension entirely. Some software may require the inclusion of basicConstraints with CA set to FALSE for end entity certificates. The pathlen parameter indicates the maximum number of CAs that can appear below this one in a chain. So if you have a CA with a pathlen of zero it can only be used to sign end user certificates and not further CAs.
Key Usage.Key usage is a multi valued extension consisting of a list of names of the permitted key usages. The supporte names are: digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment, keyAgreement, keyCertSign, cRLSign, encipherOnly and decipherOnly. Examples: keyUsage=digitalSignature, nonRepudiation keyUsage=critical, keyCertSign
Extended Key Usage.This extensions consists of a list of usages indicating purposes for which the certificate public key can be used for, These can either be object short names of the dotted numerical form of OIDs. While any OID can be used only certain values make sense. In particular the following PKIX, NS and MS values are meaningful: Value Meaning ----- ------- serverAuth SSL/TLS Web Server Authentication. clientAuth SSL/TLS Web Client Authentication. codeSigning Code signing. emailProtection E-mail Protection (S/MIME). timeStamping Trusted Timestamping msCodeInd Microsoft Individual Code Signing (authenticode) msCodeCom Microsoft Commercial Code Signing (authenticode) msCTLSign Microsoft Trust List Signing msSGC Microsoft Server Gated Crypto msEFS Microsoft Encrypted File System nsSGC Netscape Server Gated Crypto Examples: extendedKeyUsage=critical,codeSigning,<IP_ADDRESS> extendedKeyUsage=nsSGC,msSGC
Subject Key Identifier.This is really a string extension and can take two possible values. Either the word hash which will automatically follow the guidelines in RFC3280 or a hex string giving the extension value to include. The use of the hex string is strongly discouraged. Example: subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
Authority Key Identifier.The authority key identifier extension permits two options. keyid and issuer: both can take the optional value ``always''. If the keyid option is present an attempt is made to copy the subject key identifier from the parent certificate. If the value ``always'' is present then an error is returned if the option fails. The issuer option copies the issuer and serial number from the issuer certificate. This will only be done if the keyid option fails or is not included unless the ``always'' flag will always include the value. Example: authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
Subject Alternative Name.The subject alternative name extension allows various literal values to be included in the configuration file. These include email (an email address) URI a uniform resource indicator, DNS (a DNS domain name), RID (a registered ID: OBJECT IDENTIFIER), IP (an IP address), dirName (a distinguished name) and otherName. The email option include a special 'copy' value. This will automatically include and email addresses contained in the certificate subject name in the extension. The IP address used in the IP options can be in either IPv4 or IPv6 format. The value of dirName should point to a section containing the distinguished name to use as a set of name value pairs. Multi values AVAs can be formed by prefacing the name with a + character. otherName can include arbitrary data associated with an OID: the value should be the OID followed by a semicolon and the content in standard ASN1_generate_nconf(3) format. Examples: subjectAltName=email:copy,email:my@other.address,URI:http://my.url.here/ subjectAltName=IP:<IP_ADDRESS> subjectAltName=IP:13::17 subjectAltName=email:my@other.address,RID:<IP_ADDRESS> subjectAltName=otherName:<IP_ADDRESS>;UTF8:some other identifier subjectAltName=dirName:dir_sect [dir_sect] C=UK O=My Organization OU=My Unit CN=My Name
Issuer Alternative Name.The issuer alternative name option supports all the literal options of subject alternative name. It does not support the email:copy option because that would not make sense. It does support an additional issuer:copy option that will copy all the subject alternative name values from the issuer certificate (if possible). Example: issuserAltName = issuer:copy
Authority Info Access.The authority information access extension gives details about how to access certain information relating to the CA. Its syntax is accessOID;location where location has the same syntax as subject alternative name (except that email:copy is not supported). accessOID can be any valid OID but only certain values are meaningful, for example OCSP and caIssuers. Example: authorityInfoAccess = OCSP;URI:http://ocsp.my.host/ authorityInfoAccess = caIssuers;URI:http://my.ca/ca.html
CRL distribution points.This is a multi-valued extension whose options can be either in name:value pair using the same form as subject alternative name or a single value representing a section name containing all the distribution point fields. For a name:value pair a new DistributionPoint with the fullName field set to the given value both the cRLissuer and reasons fields are omitted in this case. In the single option case the section indicated contains values for each field. In this section: If the name is ``fullname'' the value field should contain the full name of the distribution point in the same format as subject alternative name. If the name is ``relativename'' then the value field should contain a section name whose contents represent a DN fragment to be placed in this field. The name ``CRLIssuer'' if present should contain a value for this field in subject alternative name format. If the name is ``reasons'' the value field should consist of a comma separated field containing the reasons. Valid reasons are: ``keyCompromise'', ``CACompromise'', ``affiliationChanged'', ``superseded'', ``cessationOfOperation'', ``certificateHold'', ``privilegeWithdrawn'' and ``AACompromise''. Simple examples: crlDistributionPoints=URI:http://myhost.com/myca.crl crlDistributionPoints=URI:http://my.com/my.crl,URI:http://oth.com/my.crl Full distribution point example: crlDistributionPoints=crldp1_section [crldp1_section] fullname=URI:http://myhost.com/myca.crl CRLissuer=dirName:issuer_sect reasons=keyCompromise, CACompromise [issuer_sect] C=UK O=Organisation CN=Some Name
Issuing Distribution PointThis extension should only appear in CRLs. It is a multi valued extension whose syntax is similar to the ``section'' pointed to by the CRL distribution points extension with a few differences. The names ``reasons'' and ``CRLissuer'' are not recognized. The name ``onlysomereasons'' is accepted which sets this field. The value is in the same format as the CRL distribution point ``reasons'' field. The names ``onlyuser'', ``onlyCA'', ``onlyAA'' and ``indirectCRL'' are also accepted the values should be a boolean value (TRUE or FALSE) to indicate the value of the corresponding field. Example: issuingDistributionPoint=critical, @idp_section [idp_section] fullname=URI:http://myhost.com/myca.crl indirectCRL=TRUE onlysomereasons=keyCompromise, CACompromise [issuer_sect] C=UK O=Organisation CN=Some Name
Certificate Policies.This is a raw extension. All the fields of this extension can be set by using the appropriate syntax. If you follow the PKIX recommendations and just using one OID then you just include the value of that OID. Multiple OIDs can be set separated by commas, for example: certificatePolicies= <IP_ADDRESS>, <IP_ADDRESS>
If you wish to include qualifiers then the policy OID and qualifiers need
to be specified in a separate section: this is done by using the
The section referred to must include the policy OID using the name policyIdentifier, cPSuri qualifiers can be included using the syntax: CPS.nnn=value userNotice qualifiers can be set using the syntax: userNotice.nnn=@notice The value of the userNotice qualifier is specified in the relevant section. This section can include explicitText, organization and noticeNumbers options. explicitText and organization are text strings, noticeNumbers is a comma separated list of numbers. The organization and noticeNumbers options (if included) must BOTH be present. If you use the userNotice option with IE5 then you need the 'ia5org' option at the top level to modify the encoding: otherwise it will not be interpreted properly. Example: certificatePolicies=ia5org,<IP_ADDRESS>,<IP_ADDRESS>.8,@polsect [polsect] policyIdentifier = <IP_ADDRESS> CPS.1="http://my.host.name/" CPS.2="http://my.your.name/" userNotice.1=@notice [notice] explicitText="Explicit Text Here" organization="Organisation Name" noticeNumbers=1,2,3,4 The ia5org option changes the type of the organization field. In RFC2459 it can only be of type DisplayText. In RFC3280 IA5Strring is also permissible. Some software (for example some versions of MSIE) may require ia5org.
Policy ConstraintsThis is a multi-valued extension which consisting of the names requireExplicitPolicy or inhibitPolicyMapping and a non negative intger value. At least one component must be present. Example: policyConstraints = requireExplicitPolicy:3
Inhibit Any PolicyThis is a string extension whose value must be a non negative integer. Example: inhibitAnyPolicy = 2
Name ConstraintsThe name constraints extension is a multi-valued extension. The name should begin with the word permitted or excluded followed by a ;. The rest of the name and the value follows the syntax of subjectAltName except email:copy is not supported and the IP form should consist of an IP addresses and subnet mask separated by a /. Examples: nameConstraints=permitted;IP:<IP_ADDRESS>/<IP_ADDRESS> nameConstraints=permitted;email:.somedomain.com nameConstraints=excluded;email:.com
OCSP No CheckThe OCSP No Check extension is a string extension but its value is ignored. Example: noCheck = ignored
DEPRECATED EXTENSIONSThe following extensions are non standard, Netscape specific and largely obsolete. Their use in new applications is discouraged.
Netscape String extensions.Netscape Comment (nsComment) is a string extension containing a comment which will be displayed when the certificate is viewed in some browsers. Example: nsComment = "Some Random Comment" Other supported extensions in this category are: nsBaseUrl, nsRevocationUrl, nsCaRevocationUrl, nsRenewalUrl, nsCaPolicyUrl and nsSslServerName.
Netscape Certificate TypeThis is a multi-valued extensions which consists of a list of flags to be included. It was used to indicate the purposes for which a certificate could be used. The basicConstraints, keyUsage and extended key usage extensions are now used instead. Acceptable values for nsCertType are: client, server, email, objsign, reserved, sslCA, emailCA, objCA.
ARBITRARY EXTENSIONSIf an extension is not supported by the OpenSSL code then it must be encoded using the arbitrary extension format. It is also possible to use the arbitrary format for supported extensions. Extreme care should be taken to ensure that the data is formatted correctly for the given extension type. There are two ways to encode arbitrary extensions. The first way is to use the word ASN1 followed by the extension content using the same syntax as ASN1_generate_nconf(3). For example: <IP_ADDRESS>=critical,ASN1:UTF8String:Some random data <IP_ADDRESS>=ASN1:SEQUENCE:seq_sect [seq_sect] field1 = UTF8:field1 field2 = UTF8:field2 It is also possible to use the word DER to include the raw encoded data in any extension. <IP_ADDRESS>=critical,DER:01:02:03:04 <IP_ADDRESS>=DER:01020304 The value following DER is a hex dump of the DER encoding of the extension Any extension can be placed in this form to override the default behaviour. For example: basicConstraints=critical,DER:00:01:02:03
WARNINGThere is no guarantee that a specific implementation will process a given extension. It may therefore be sometimes possible to use certificates for purposes prohibited by their extensions because a specific application does not recognize or honour the values of the relevant extensions. The DER and ASN1 options should be used with caution. It is possible to create totally invalid extensions if they are not used carefully.
NOTESIf an extension is multi-value and a field value must contain a comma the long form must be used otherwise the comma would be misinterpreted as a field separator. For example: subjectAltName=URI:ldap://somehost.com/CN=foo,OU=bar will produce an error but the equivalent form: subjectAltName=@subject_alt_section [subject_alt_section] subjectAltName=URI:ldap://somehost.com/CN=foo,OU=bar is valid. Due to the behaviour of the OpenSSL conf library the same field name can only occur once in a section. This means that: subjectAltName=@alt_section [alt_section] email=steve@here email=steve@there will only recognize the last value. This can be worked around by using the form: [alt_section] email.1=steve@here email.2=steve@there
HISTORYThe X509v3 extension code was first added to OpenSSL 0.9.2. Policy mappings, inhibit any policy and name constraints support was added in OpenSSL 0.9.8 The directoryName and otherName option as well as the ASN1 option for arbitrary extensions was added in OpenSSL 0.9.8
SEE ALSO | ||||||||||||||||||||


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First Name : Raden Fajar
Last Name : Hadria Putra
List of Hobbies
Participated in an Internship at PT. Sigma Cipta Caraka, Telkom Group, Indonesia, as a system transition tester and web developer.
Participated in UX Design division of Gemastik Indonesia IT Contest 2014.
Developed many kinds of programs such as an online shop website, Twitter sentiment analyzer, and a simple microprocessor number storage program as requirements for some subjects at Computer Science major at Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia.


Dementia and ageing: When is it time to do a financial takeover?
by Christine LongAlishia Keane first became aware her mother was having trouble managing her money when she mentioned a problem with an Automatic Teller Machine.
Her mother wasn’t able to access her cash and had to go into the bank instead.
When she retold the story a few more times Alishia, 33, realised something wasn’t right.
“Mum was always very careful with her money,” she says.
Alishia says she had already noticed her mother’s hygiene was going downhill and there was also some slight personality changes.
Her mother was later diagnosed with dementia and succumbed to the disease last year.
They might withdraw large sums of money without realising how much it is, or they go to the bank more frequently for similar large amounts
Managing money can become more challenging as people age and dementia is a progressive illness that can sneak up on a loved one if not carefully monitored.
You might notice a parent handing over a $5 note when a bill is $10.50, or they might forget to pay bills, when they have always stayed on top of them and paid on time.
Maree McCabe, chief executive or Dementia Australia, points out another red flag.
“They might be withdrawing large sums of money without realising how much it is, or they are going back to the bank more frequently for similar large amounts of money,” she says.
McCabe says dementia affects all people differently.
“It might be that one person begins to lose the ability to handle money or make competent business decisions at an early stage, while somebody else might maintain these skills for longer,” she says.
Other neurological functions may also be deteriorating and that can be a signal to check on their finances.
If you are observing changes, how do you tell if it is time for a financial takeover?
McCabe advises having an honest conversation with the loved one. Express your concern and give specific examples of things that you have noticed. Offer your help – if they admit it is needed.
“It’s really important that the conversation is respectful and honest,” she says.
It’s often a balancing act between providing much-needed support and helping the person to maintain a sense of independence.
When Anne McGowan, chief executive of Protecting Seniors Wealth, began helping her father manage his finances, she still took him to the bank to get cash for incidentals.
“That was important for him and it was an outing as well,” she says.
In Alishia’s case, without an enduring power of attorney in place, a discussion with her mother and the local local bank manager allowed her to oversee her mother’s internet banking.
“I didn’t have access to her ATM card or her PIN number,” she says.
A retirement payment was also placed into a separate bank account without ATM access, to prevent the possibility of any erratic withdrawals.
Here's a few of the steps you can take to provide assistance, if it is deemed to be required:
Simplify
Consolidate bank accounts and credit cards and help your loved one to keep track of them.
Set up systems
The elderly person may already have coping strategies in place, such as putting a bill on the fridge until it’s paid, to prompt their memory. To help support them, compile a list of all bills and when they are payable.
Collate a document file, containing details of any loans, insurance policies and trust deeds as well as their tax file number and Centrelink number.
Monitor
Keeping an eye on financial affairs can be more difficult as banking shifts online. However, McGowan says it is important to review bank and credit statements for suspicious transactions.
She advises maintaining good records of transactions and recognise that this will take time.
“It requires time to listen, to be patient and to spend some time to help them," McGowan says.
Power of attorney
While they have the capacity, they should put in place an enduring power of attorney, says McGowan.
If they lose mental capacity before this is done, it will be too late.
“It must be someone that they trust implicitly. Or it could be two people,” she says.
Prepare
Ensure any will is up to date; there is a binding death nomination for any superannuation savings; and loans or assets in exchange for care arrangements with adult children are fully documented in a family agreement.