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Male English Names
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ALLYSDAIR:
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Alasdair,
meaning
"defender of mankind."
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ALLYSDARE:
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Alasdair,
meaning
"defender of mankind."
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ALLYSTAIR:
Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Alastair,
meaning
"defender of mankind."
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ALLYSTER:
Anglicized form of Gaelic Alaster,
meaning
"defender of mankind."
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ALON
(אַלוֹן): Variant
spelling of English Allon,
meaning "oak tree."
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ALONZO:
English variant spelling of Spanish Alonso,
meaning "noble and ready."
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ALPHA
(Άλφα):
English unisex name
derived from
the first letter of the Greek alphabet.
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ALPHONZO:
English variant spelling of Spanish Alphonso,
meaning "noble and ready."
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ALPIN: Scottish
Anglicized form of Gaelic Ailpein,
possibly meaning "white."
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ALPINE:
English name, probably derived from the vocabulary word alpine, meaning "of the Swiss
Alps."
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ALTAIR
(Arabic: الطير):
Modern English unisex name derived from the name of the
brightest star in the constellation Aquila, from an
Arabic word meaning "the bird" or "the
flyer."
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ALTON: Old English surname transferred to
forename use, derived from the name of many places most of which
meant either "old town" or "settlement at the (river)
source."
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ALURED:
Variant spelling of Middle English Alvred,
meaning
"elf counsel."
-
ALVAR:
Middle English form of Anglo-Saxon Ælfhere,
meaning "elf army."
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ALVEN:
English variant spelling of Norman
French Alvin, meaning "elf
friend."
-
ALVIE:
English pet form of Norman French Alvin, meaning
"elf friend."
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ALVIN:
Norman French name derived from Latin Alvinius,
meaning "elf friend." In use by the English.
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ALVRED:
Middle English form of Latin Alvredus,
meaning "elf counsel."
-
ALVY:
English pet form of Norman French Alvin, meaning
"elf friend."
-
ALVYN:
English variant spelling of Norman French
Alwin, meaning "elf
friend."
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ALWIN: Variant
spelling of Middle English Elwin,
meaning "elf friend." Compare with other
forms of Alwin.
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ALWYN:
Variant spelling of Middle
English Alwin, meaning
"elf friend."
-
ALYSDAIR:
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Alasdair, meaning
"defender of mankind."
-
ALYSDARE:
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic
Alasdair,
meaning
"defender of mankind."
-
ALYSTER:
Anglicized form of Gaelic Alaster,
meaning
"defender of mankind."
-
ALYSTAIR:
Anglicized form of Gaelic
Alaster, meaning
"defender of mankind."
-
AMARIA:
Variant spelling of English Amariah,
meaning "whom God spoke of."
-
AMARIAH
(אֲמַרְיָה):
Anglicized form
of Hebrew Amaryah, meaning
"whom God spoke of." In the bible, this is the
name of a priest who lived in the time of King Jehoshaphat.
-
AMASAI:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Amasay,
meaning "burdensome." In
the bible, this is the name of a warrior and chief of
the captains, a Kohathite ancestor of Samuel,
a priest, and another Kohathite Levite who lived in the
time of the reign of king Hezekiah
of Judah.
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AMBIE:
Pet form of English Ambrose,
meaning "immortal."
-
AMBROSE:
English form of Latin Ambrosius,
meaning "immortal."
-
AMBY:
Pet form of English Ambrose,
meaning "immortal."
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AMERY: Variant
spelling of English Amory,
meaning "home-ruler."
-
AMI:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Amiy, meaning "bond-servant." In the bible, this
is the name of a servant of King Solomon.
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AMITAI:
Variant spelling of English Amittai,
meaning "my truth."
-
AMITTAI:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Amittay, meaning "my truth." In the bible,
this is the name of Jonah's
father.
-
AMLODI:
Anglicized form of Icelandic Amloði,
possibly meaning "heavy" or "the
dullard."
-
AMMIEL:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Ammiy'el,
meaning "one of the family of God." In
the bible, this is the name of several characters,
including a spy from the tribe of Dan
who died in the plague.
-
AMMINADAB:
-
Anglicized
form of Greek Aminadab, meaning
"servant of the prince." In the New Testament bible, this is
the name of an ancestor of Christ.
-
Anglicized
form of Hebrew Ammiynadab,
meaning "kindred of the prince." In
the Old Testament bible, this is the name of several
characters, including a son of Aram
and a son of Kohath.
AMMIHUD:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Ammiyhuwd,
meaning "one of the people of Judah." In the
bible, this is the name of several characters, including
the father of Shemuel.
AMMON: Anglicized
form of Hebrew Ammown, meaning
"kindred, tribal." In the bible, this is
the name of a son of Lot
by his younger daughter. Compare with another form
of Ammon.
AMON:
Anglicized
form of Hebrew Amown, meaning "skilled
workman." In the
bible, this is the name of a king of Judah, a governor
of Samaria, and a descendant of one one of Solomon's
servants. Compare with another form of Amon.
AMORY:
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the
Norman French personal name Aimeri,
meaning
"home-ruler."
AMOS:
Anglicized form of Greek Amōs, meaning "strong." In the
New Testament
bible, this is the name of an ancestor
of Christ.
AMOZ:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Amowts, meaning "strong." In the
bible, this is the name of the father of Isaiah
the
prophet.
AMRAN:
Anglicized
form of Hebrew Chamran,
meaning "the people is exalted" or "their
slime." In the bible, this is the name of a son of
a descendant of Esau.
ANAKIN:
This name became popular as a boy's name after the making of the Star Wars
saga by George Lucas, who named his Darth Vader character after the
surname of director Ken Annakin, a variant spelling of the
Low German female personal name Anniken, a form of
Hannah, meaning
"favor; grace."
ANANI:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Ananiy, meaning "my cloud." In the
bible, this is the name of the 7th son of Elioenai,
descendant of David.
ANANIAH:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Ananya, meaning "Jehovah
clouds" or "what Jehovah
covers." In the
bible, this is the name of an ancestor of Azariah
who lived in the time of Nehemiah and assisted in
rebuilding the city wall.
ANANIAS:
Anglicized form of Greek Hananias, meaning "whom
Jehovah has graciously given." In the New
Testament bible, this is the name of the husband of Sapphira,
a Christian at Damascus, and a son of Nedebaeus
(Greek Nabadias).
ANDERSON:
English patronymic surname transferred to forename use,
meaning "son of Andrew."
ANDREW:
Anglicized form of Greek Andreas,
meaning "man; warrior." In the bible, this is
the name of an apostle of Christ
and brother to Simon
Peter. He
is said to have been crucified at Patrae in Archaia.
ANDY:
Unisex pet form of English Andrew and Andrea,
meaning "man; warrior."
ANGEL:
English unisex name derived from
Latin Angelus,
meaning "angel, messenger." Once used as a
man's name in England. It is now almost strictly a
feminine name.
ANGUS:
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the name of a
county of Scotland, which took its name from Gaelic Aonghus
(supposedly from Aongus Fer), meaning "excellent valor."
ANSCOM:
English surname transferred to forename use, meaning
"stone-enclosed valley."
ANSCOMB:
Variant spelling of
English Anscom, meaning
"stone-enclosed valley."
ANSON:
English patronymic surname transferred to forename use,
which may have been based on any of a number of Middle
English names, i.e. "son of Ansel"
or "son Agnes."
ANTHONY: English
form of Latin Antonius,
possibly meaning "invaluable."
ANTONY: Variant spelling of English Anthony,
possibly meaning "invaluable."
ANTUAN:
English variant spelling of French Antoine,
possibly meaning "invaluable."
ANTWAN:
Modern English variant
spelling of
French Antoine, possibly meaning
"invaluable."
APOLLYON:
Anglicized form of Greek Apollyōn,
meaning "destroyer." In the
New Testament bible, this is the name of the
angel-prince of the infernal regions, the minister of
death and author of havoc on earth. He is also known by
the name Abaddon.
ARCHIBALD:
Anglicized
form of Scottish Gaelic Gilleasbaig,
meaning "bishop's servant."
English
form of Old French Archimbaud, meaning "genuine courage."
ARCHIE:
Pet
form of English Archibald, meaning
"genuine courage."
Pet
form of Scottish-English Archibald,
meaning "bishop's servant."
ARDAL:
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Árdghal, meaning "high valor."
ARDEN:
English habitational surname transferred to unisex
forename use, derived from Celtic ard, meaning
"high," hence "from the high place."
ARDON:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Ardown,
meaning "fugitive." In the
bible, this is the name of a son of Caleb.
ARELI:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Ar'eliy,
meaning "lion of God." In the bible, this is
the name of a son
of Gad.
ARIC:
Variant spelling of English Eric,
meaning "ever-ruler."
ARIDAI
(אֲרִידַי):
Anglicized form of Hebrew Ariyday,
meaning "the lion is enough." In the bible,
this is the name of the ninth of Haman's
ten sons who were hanged by the Jews.
ARIEH:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Aryeh,
meaning "lion." In
the bible, this is the name of an officer of king Pekahiah.
ARIEL: Anglicized
form of Hebrew unisex Ari'el, meaning "lion of god." In the bible, this is
a name applied to the city of Jerusalem, and the name of
a chief of the returning exiles. In the Apocrypha, this
is the name of an
archangel who rules the waters. It is also the name of a moon of Uranus,
and the name of a spirit in Shakespeare's play "The
Tempest."
ARIK:
Variant
spelling of English Eric,
meaning "ever-ruler." Compare with another
form of Arik.
ARIN:
Variant spelling of English Aaron,
meaning "light-bringer." Compare with
feminine Arin.
ARLEY:
Variant spelling of English Harley,
meaning "rocky meadow."
ARLIE:
Variant spelling of English Arley,
meaning "rocky meadow."
ARN: Short
form of English Arnold, meaning
"eagle power." Compare with another form of Arn.
ARNE:
Medieval
short form of English Arnold, meaning
"eagle power." Compare with another form
of Arne.
ARNIE:
Pet form of English Arnold,
meaning "eagle power."
ARNOLD:
English name derived from French Arnaud,
meaning "eagle power."
ARNY:
Pet form of English Arnold,
meaning "eagle power."
ARRAN:
Variant spelling
of English Aaron, meaning "light-bringer."
ARRON:
Variant spelling of English Aaron, meaning "light-bringer."
ARRYN:
Variant spelling of English Aaron, meaning "light-bringer."
ART:
English short form of Celtic Arthur,
possibly meaning "bear-man." Compare
with another form of Art.
ARTHUR:
Celtic Arthurian legend name of a famous King of
Britain. The name is of obscure etymology, possibly
composed of Welsh art/arth "bear" and
Brittonic gur "man," hence
"bear-man." The earliest mention of him is in
Welsh texts, where he is never called "king,"
but rather dux bellorum, meaning "war
leader." Medieval Welsh texts call him ameraudur
"emperor" which could also mean "war
leader." In early Welsh works the word art
was used as a figurative synonym for
"warrior."
ARTIE:
English pet form of Celtic Arthur,
possibly meaning "bear-man."
ARTUR:
Early English form of Celtic Arthur,
possibly meaning "bear-man."
ARVIN:
Possibly a variant spelling of English Irvin, meaning
"fresh water" or "green water."
ASAF: Variant
spelling of English Asaph,
meaning "collector, gatherer."
ASAPH:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Acaph, meaning "collector,
gatherer." In the bible,
this is the name of several
characters, including King David's
chief
musician.
ASAREEL:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Asar'el,
meaning "whom God has bound (by a vow)."
ASH: Short
form of English unisex Ashley,
meaning "ash-tree grove."
ASHER
(אָשֵׁר): Hebrew
name derived from the
word ashar, meaning "happy." In the
bible, this is the name of a son of Jacob.
In use by the English.
ASHLEY: English surname transferred to unisex
forename use, composed of the Old English elements æsc
"ash" and lēah "wood,"
hence "ash-tree grove."
ASHRIEL:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Asriy'el,
meaning "vow of
God." In the bible, this is the name of a son and
great-grandson of Manasseh,
and a son of Gilead.
ASHTON:
English habitational surname transferred to unisex
forename use, from the name of various places composed
of the Old English elements æsc "ash tree"
and tun "settlement," hence "ash tree settlement."
ASHUR:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Ashchuwr, meaning "blackness." In the
bible, this is the name of a son of the father of Temeni.
ASIA:
English unisex name derived from the name of the continent,
which was possibly derived from Assyrian asu, meaning
"east."
ASSHUR:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Ashshuwr,
meaning "a step." In the bible, this is the
name second son of Shem.
It is also a name applied to the nation of Assyria and
its people.
ASSUR:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Ashshuwr, meaning "a
step." In the bible, this is the name second son of
Shem. It is also a
name applied to the nation of Assyria and its people.
ASTON:
English habitational surname transferred to unisex
forename use, from the name of various places composed
of the Old English elements east "east"
and tun "settlement," hence "east settlement."
ASTROPHEL:
English literary name from Astrophel and Stella,
a famous sonnet composed by Philip
Sidney in the
1580s, composed of the Greek elements aster
"star" and phil "friend,
lover," hence "star lover."
ATHELSTAN:
Variant spelling of Middle English Ethelstan,
meaning "noble stone."
AUBREY:
English unisex form of Norman French Alberi,
meaning "elf ruler."
AUBRY:
Masculine variant spelling of English unisex Aubrey,
meaning "elf ruler."
AUBYN:
English variant spelling of French Aubin,
meaning
"like Albus,"
i.e. "white."
AUDLEY:
English habitational surname transferred to forename
use, derived from the name of a place in
Staffordshire,
composed of Old English Ealdgyth and leah
"meadow, woodland clearing," hence "Ealdgyth's
meadow."
AUGUST: Short
form of Latin Augustus,
meaning "venerable." In use by the
English and Germans.
AUGUSTINE:
English form of Latin Augustinus,
meaning "venerable."
AULAY:
Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Amhlaibh,
meaning "heir
of the ancestors."
AUSTEN:
Variant spelling of English Austin, meaning
"venerable."
AUSTIN:
English surname transferred to forename use, from Old
French Aousten,
from Roman Latin Augustinus,
meaning "venerable."
AUSTYN:
Unisex form of English Austin, meaning
"venerable."
AUTUMN:
English unisex name derived from the season name, from
Latin autumnus, thought to be of Etruscan origin.
Harvest was the original English name for the
season; Autumn replaced it in the 16th century.
AVEREL:
Middle English masculine form of Anglo-Saxon Eoforhild,
meaning "boar battle."
AVERILL:
English surname (Averill)
transferred to forename use, meaning "the hill sown
with oats."
AVERY:
English surname transferred to unisex forename use, originally a Norman
French form of Middle
English Alfred, meaning
"elf counsel."
AVON:
English name which derived from the name of any of
several rivers in England which got their name from
Celtic afon, meaning "river."
AYLMER: English
surname transferred to forename use, derived from a
contracted form of Athelmare,
meaning "nobly famous."
AYLWARD: Middle English form of Anglo-Saxon
Æthelweard
"noble guard" or Ælfweard "elf
guard."
AYMERY:
Variant spelling of English Aimery,
meaning "home-ruler."
AZAL:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Atsel,
meaning "noble." In the bible, this is
the name of a place near Jerusalem, and a descendant of Saul.
AZANIAH:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Azanyah,
meaning "God hears." In the
bible, this is the name of the father of Jeshua.
AZARAEL:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Azar'el, meaning "God
has helped" or "whom God helps." In
the bible, this is the name of many characters,
including a son of Bani,
one of King David's
warriors, and a priest and musician.
AZAREEL: Anglicized
form of Hebrew Azar'el, meaning "God
has helped" or "whom God helps." In
the bible, this is the name of many characters,
including a son of Bani,
one of King David's
warriors, and a priest and musician.
AZARIAH:
Anglicized form of Aramaic/Hebrew Azarya,
meaning "help of God." In
the bible, this is the name of several characters,
including one of the three young men thrown into the
fiery furnace by Nebuchadnezzar.
AZAZEL:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Aza'zel,
meaning
"entire removal" and "scapegoat." In
the bible, this word is found in the law of the day
of atonement (Leviticus 16:8, 10, 26). It refers to a goat used
for sacrifice for the sins of the people. In modern
times, Azazel was interpreted as a Satanic, goat-like
demon. The name has even been used for the "Angel
of Death."
AZAZIAH:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Azazyahuw, meaning "Yahweh
is mighty." In the bible, this is the name of
several minor characters, including the father of Hoshea.
AZEL:
Anglicized
form of Hebrew Atsel,
meaning "noble." In the bible, this is
the name of a place near Jerusalem, and a descendant of Saul.
AZRAEL:
Anglicized
form of Arabic Azra'il, the
name of the "Angel of Death" who separates
the soul from the body upon death.
Anglicized
form of Hebrew Azriy'el,
meaning "help of God." In
the bible, this is the name of several minor characters.
AZRIEL:
Anglicized
form of Arabic Azra'il, the
name of the "Angel of Death" who separates
the soul from the body upon death.
Anglicized
form of Hebrew Azriy'el,
meaning "help of God." In
the bible, this is the name of several minor characters.
AZURIAH:
Variant spelling of
English Azariah,
meaning "help of God."
BAALZEBUB:
Anglicized form of Hebrew Ba'al-Zebuwb,
meaning "lord of the fly." In the bible, this is the name of a
Philistine deity worshiped at Ekron.
BAAL-ZEBUB:
Anglicized form of Hebrew
Ba'al-Zebuwb,
meaning "lord of the
fly." In the bible, this is the name of a Philistine deity worshiped at
Ekron.
BABE:
This was once a popular American English pet name
for athletes, especially in the early 1900s, before and after Babe
Ruth. Compare with feminine Babe.
BAILEY: English
occupational surname transferred to unisex
forename use, meaning "bailiff."
BAILIE:
Variant spelling of English unisex Bailey, meaning
"bailiff."
BAILY:
Variant spelling of English unisex Bailey, meaning
"bailiff."
BALDWIN:
English form of French Baldoin, meaning "brave friend."
BALLARD:
From an Old English derogatory name for a bald-headed person; it became a surname,
then transferred to forename; derived from Middle
English balled, meaning "rounded like a ball," hence
"bald-headed."
BALLINAMORE:
Irish surname transferred to forename use, from an Anglicized form of Gaelic
Béal an Átha Móir, meaning "mouth of the big ford."
BALLINDERRY: Irish surname transferred
to forename use, from an Anglicized form of Gaelic Baile an Doire,
meaning "town of the oak wood."
BALTHASAR:
Anglicized form of Greek Baltasar, meaning "Ba'al
protect the king." Early Christians assigned
names to the three Magi ("wise men from the east") who visited the baby
Jesus. They are mentioned but not named in the bible; Balthasar is one of them, the
other two are Casper and Melchior.
BALTHAZAR:
Variant spelling of English Balthasar, meaning
"Ba'al protect the king."
BAMBI:
English unisex name, derived from the Italian word bambino, meaning
"child."
BAMBIE:
Variant spelling of
English unisex Bambi, meaning "child."
BANI
(בָּנִי):
Anglicized form of Hebrew Baniy, meaning "built."
In the bible, this is the name of several characters, including one of David's
warriors.
BAPTIST:
English form of French Baptiste, meaning
"baptist."
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A-Z
Baby Names
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Girl Names
A,
B, C,
D, E,
F, G,
H, I,
J, K,
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N, O,
P, Q,
R, S,
T, U,
V, W,
X, Y,
Z
Boy
Names
A,
B, C,
D, E,
F, G,
H, I,
J, K,
L, M,
N, O,
P, Q,
R, S,
T, U,
V, W,
X, Y,
Z
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Pet
Names
Names for your pets. Grouped by species.
Naming Tips &
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The OpenEJB itests module is a framework to create EJB test cases that are designed according to the JUnit rules, i.e. they all have setUp, tests and tearDown methods. Since it's JUnit-based, you can do whatever you could do in JUnit.
This page describes the steps to create EJB test cases.
The itests module lives in OpenEJB's repository in the modules\itests directory. Setting up the test environment to execute the itests is based on (maven-itest-plugin-1.0 plugin ).
Take a look at maven.xml in modules\itests directory. There you'll see that the default goal is ejb:install, which in turn executes itest. When the EJBs (todo: describe it a bit more) are done, the itest:setup goal is executed, which starts the real game. First, org/openejb/Security configuration is started. Once it's done, openejb-itests-xxx.jar is deployed, which is org/openejb/Itests configuration to be started, afterwards. When the configurations are deployed and started, the maven-itest-plugin executes junit (see Ant JUnit task documentation and project.properties of the itests module). The project.properties file configures which itests are run and some other stuff.
The first itest test case is org.openejb.test.entity.cmp.CmpTestSuite. Consult this for more information. Then the others defined in maven.itest.includes property are executed.
The order in which the itests are executed is important, so the first order is set up via the maven.itest.includes property, then the test suites add their tests in some order, and finally the method names in the test classes put yet another order. So, be careful what name your test method name will become. It may influence the order.
Some EJBs access database resources. It's even more important for CMPs. The itests module uses the database as defined in the openejb.test.database property. It's currently defined in the project.properties file of the module. You can change its value to whatever you wish using the Maven property setting approaches (-D on the command line, project.properties, build.properties in your home directory or the project you work in).
So, the last important information is how the junit tests access the server resources - EJBs. It's done via executing session beans that in turn get at the test EJBs, mostly CMPs. It's also possible that the CMP itests will be accessed directly without having to pass on the call through a session bean.
If itests are part of a larger project structure you can disable executing it using the maven.itest.skip property. Set it to true and Maven won't run the itests.
The itests default database is Derby. The class - org.openejb.test.DerbyTestDatabase - is instantiated upon executing org.openejb.testTestManager.getDatabase() in each test case's setUp() method. Remember, you can define any other database using the openejb.test.database property or do initialization of your own database choice in the setUp() method.
The current implementation of database initialization is based on two DerbyTestDatabse methods: createCMP2Model() and dropCMP2Model() that create and drop database structure, accordingly.
A Maven project can produce one build artefact. It's very important to keep in mind whenever your tests are to be based on a EJB that's not built by default. The default EJBs are defined in modules/itests/src/ejb/META-INF/ejb-jar.xml. The corresponding deployment plan - the openejb-jar.xml file is in modules/itests/src/ejb/META-INF/openejb-jar.xml.
If you want to test your own EJB, you need to build it yourself, i.e. describe the build and deployment in modules/itests/maven.xml in the pregoal of itest:setup.
In the following example, Ant's jar builds openejb-cmp2-petstore.jar file, which in turn is distributed and started in Geronimo. The id attribute of deploy:start is as specified in the module's deployment plan. See Geronimo Deployment for more information about Geronimo deployment plans.
<ant:jar destfile="${basedir}/target/openejb-cmp2-petstore.jar">
<fileset dir="${basedir}/target/classes">
<include name="**/cmp2/petstore/*.class"/>
<include name="**/TestFailureException.class"/>
</fileset>
<metainf dir="${basedir}/src/cmp2/petstore" includes="*.xml"/>
</ant:jar>
<deploy:distribute
uri="deployer:geronimo:jmx:rmi://localhost/jndi/rmi:/JMXConnector"
username="system"
password="manager"
module="${basedir}/target/openejb-cmp2-petstore.jar"
/>
<deploy:start
uri="deployer:geronimo:jmx:rmi://localhost/jndi/rmi:/JMXConnector"
username="system"
password="manager"
id="org/openejb/cmp2/petstore"/>
When EJB classes, deployment descriptor and plan, maven.xml are all set up, it's time to execute your tests. In order to run itests you will run Maven in modules/itests directory.
~/openejb/modules/itests
$ maven
It's also possible to override project properties and run only some test cases.
~/openejb/modules/itests
$ maven -Dmaven.itest.includes=**/Cmp2TestSuite.java
When a failure occurs, you should take a look at the result file of the failed test suite in target/itest-reports, e.g.
~/openejb/modules/itests
$ maven -Dmaven.itest.includes=**/Cmp2TestSuite.java -o
...
[junit]
Tests run: 113, Failures: 1, Errors: 0, Time elapsed: 22,132 sec [junit] [ERROR] TEST org.openejb.test.entity.cmp2.Cmp2TestSuite FAILED ... BUILD FAILED File...... C:\Documents and Settings\root.maven\cache\maven-itest-plugin-1.0\plugin.jelly Element... fail Line...... 166 Column.... 64 There were test failures. Total time: 2 minutes 3 seconds Finished at: Sun Jul 17 17:48:36 CEST 2005
$ more
target/itest-reports/TEST-org.openejb.test.entity.cmp2.Cmp2TestSuite.txt Testsuite: org.openejb.test.entity.cmp2.Cmp2TestSuite Tests run: 113, Failures: 1, Errors: 0, Time elapsed: 22,132 sec
Testcase: PetstoreTests.create: FAILED
Received Exception class java.lang.NullPointerException : null
junit.framework.AssertionFailedError: Received Exception class
java.lang.NullPointerException : null at org.openejb.test.entity.cmp2.PetstoreTests.test01_create(PetstoreTests.java:84) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at org.openejb.test.NumberedTestCase.runTestMethod(NumberedTestCase.java:195) at org.openejb.test.NumberedTestCase$3.protect(NumberedTestCase.java:169) at org.openejb.test.NumberedTestCase.run(NumberedTestCase.java:172) at org.openejb.test.NumberedTestCase.run(NumberedTestCase.java:141) at org.openejb.test.TestSuite.run(TestSuite.java:71) ...
Complete execution log is in target/openejb/var/log/openejb.log of the itests module.
The steps for running the iTests inside of Eclipse are given below. They are
1) For Local Interface Tests, the class to be run is org.apache.openejb.iTest. 2) For Remote Interface Tests, the class to be run is org.apache.openejb.RemoteiTest.
In both the cases you need to give '-Dopenejb.home=target/test-classes/' as a vm argument for the tests to run.


| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| com.destroystokyo.paper | |
| io.papermc.paper.tag | |
| org.bukkit |
The root package of the Bukkit API, contains generalized API classes.
|
| org.bukkit.inventory |
Classes involved in manipulating player inventories and item interactions.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
MaterialSetTag |
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
BaseTag<T extends Keyed,C extends BaseTag<T,C>> |
class |
EntitySetTag |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
C |
BaseTag.add(Tag<T>... tags) |
C |
BaseTag.not(Tag<T>... tags) |
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.ACACIA_LOGS
Vanilla block tag representing all acacia log and bark variants.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.ANVIL
Vanilla block tag representing all damaged and undamaged anvils.
|
static Tag<EntityType> |
Tag.ARROWS
Vanilla entity tag representing arrow entities.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.BAMBOO_PLANTABLE_ON
Vanilla block tag denoting all blocks bamboo may be planted on.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.BANNERS
Vanilla block tag representing all banner blocks.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.BEACON_BASE_BLOCKS
Vanilla block tag representing all beacon base blocks.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.BEDS
Vanilla block tag representing all beds.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.BEE_GROWABLES
Vanilla block tag representing all bee growables.
|
static Tag<EntityType> |
Tag.BEEHIVE_INHABITORS
Vanilla entity tag representing entities that live in beehives
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.BEEHIVES
Vanilla block tag representing all beehives.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.BIRCH_LOGS
Vanilla block tag representing all birch log and bark variants.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.BUTTONS
Vanilla block tag representing all buttons (inherits from
WOODEN_BUTTONS . |
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.CAMPFIRES
Vanilla block tag representing all campfires.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.CARPETS
Vanilla block tag representing all colors of carpet.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.CLIMBABLE
Vanilla block tag representing all climbable blocks.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.CORAL_BLOCKS
Vanilla block tag representing all coral blocks.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.CORAL_PLANTS
Vanilla block tag representing all coral plants.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.CORALS
Vanilla block tag representing all coral.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.CRIMSON_STEMS
Vanilla block tag representing all crimson stems.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.CROPS
Vanilla block tag representing all crops.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.DARK_OAK_LOGS
Vanilla block tag representing all dark oak log and bark variants.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.DOORS
Vanilla block tag representing all doors (inherits from
WOODEN_DOORS . |
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.DRAGON_IMMUNE
Vanilla block tag representing all blocks immune to dragons.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.ENDERMAN_HOLDABLE
Vanilla block tag denoting blocks that enderman may pick up and hold.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.FENCE_GATES
Vanilla block tag representing all fence gates.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.FENCES
Vanilla block tag representing all fences.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.FIRE
Vanilla block tag representing all fire blocks.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.FLOWER_POTS
Vanilla block tag representing all empty and filled flower pots.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.FLOWERS
Vanilla block tag representing all flowers.
|
static Tag<Fluid> |
Tag.FLUIDS_LAVA
Vanilla fluid tag representing lava and flowing lava.
|
static Tag<Fluid> |
Tag.FLUIDS_WATER
Vanilla fluid tag representing water and flowing water.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.GOLD_ORES
Vanilla block tag representing all gold ores.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.GUARDED_BY_PIGLINS
Vanilla block tag representing all blocks guarded by piglins.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.HOGLIN_REPELLENTS
Vanilla block tag representing all hoglin repellents.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.ICE
Vanilla block tag denoting ice blocks.
|
static Tag<EntityType> |
Tag.IMPACT_PROJECTILES
Vanilla entity tag representing projectiles that impact
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.IMPERMEABLE
Vanilla block tag denoting impermeable blocks which do not drip fluids.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.INFINIBURN_END
Vanilla block tag representing all blocks that burn forever in the end.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.INFINIBURN_NETHER
Vanilla block tag representing all blocks that burn forever in the
nether.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.INFINIBURN_OVERWORLD
Vanilla block tag representing all blocks that burn forever in the
overworld.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.ITEMS_ARROWS
Vanilla item tag representing all arrow items.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.ITEMS_BANNERS
Vanilla item tag representing all banner items.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.ITEMS_BEACON_PAYMENT_ITEMS
Vanilla item tag representing all items that may be placed in beacons.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.ITEMS_BOATS
Vanilla item tag representing all boat items.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.ITEMS_COALS
Vanilla item tag representing all coal items.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.ITEMS_CREEPER_DROP_MUSIC_DISCS
Vanilla item tag representing all music disc items dropped by creepers.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.ITEMS_FISHES
Vanilla item tag representing all fish items.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.ITEMS_FURNACE_MATERIALS
Vanilla item tag representing all furnace materials.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.ITEMS_LECTERN_BOOKS
Vanilla item tag representing all books that may be placed on lecterns.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.ITEMS_MUSIC_DISCS
Vanilla item tag representing all music disc items.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.ITEMS_PIGLIN_LOVED
Vanilla item tag representing all items loved by piglins.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.ITEMS_STONE_TOOL_MATERIALS
Vanilla item tag representing all stone tool materials.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.JUNGLE_LOGS
Vanilla block tag representing all jungle log and bark variants.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.LEAVES
Vanilla block tag representing all leaves fans.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.LOGS
Vanilla block tag representing all log and bark variants.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.LOGS_THAT_BURN
Vanilla block tag representing all log and bark variants that burn.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.NON_FLAMMABLE_WOOD
Vanilla block tag representing all non flammable wood.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.NYLIUM
Vanilla block tag representing all nylium blocks.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.OAK_LOGS
Vanilla block tag representing all oak log and bark variants.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.PIGLIN_REPELLENTS
Vanilla block tag representing all piglin repellents.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.PLANKS
Vanilla block tag representing all plank variants.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.PORTALS
Vanilla block tag representing all portals.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.PRESSURE_PLATES
Vanilla block tag representing all pressure plates.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.PREVENT_MOB_SPAWNING_INSIDE
Vanilla block tag representing all blocks that prevent inside mob
spawning.
|
static Tag<EntityType> |
Tag.RAIDERS
Vanilla entity tag for village raiders
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.RAILS
Vanilla block tag representing all Minecart rails.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.SAND
Vanilla block tag representing all sand blocks.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.SAPLINGS
Vanilla block tag representing all sapling variants.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.SHULKER_BOXES
Vanilla block tag representing all shulker boxes.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.SIGNS
Vanilla block tag representing all signs.
|
static Tag<EntityType> |
Tag.SKELETONS
Vanilla entity tag for skeleton types
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.SLABS
Vanilla block tag representing all slabs.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.SMALL_FLOWERS
Vanilla block tag representing all small flowers.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.SOUL_FIRE_BASE_BLOCKS
Vanilla block tag representing all soul fire base blocks.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.SOUL_SPEED_BLOCKS
Vanilla block tag representing all blocks affected by the soul speed enchantment.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.SPRUCE_LOGS
Vanilla block tag representing all spruce log and bark variants.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.STAIRS
Vanilla block tag representing all stairs.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.STANDING_SIGNS
Vanilla block tag representing all standing signs.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.STONE_BRICKS
Vanilla block tag representing all regular/mossy/cracked/chiseled stone
bricks.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.STONE_PRESSURE_PLATES
Vanilla block tag representing all stone pressure plates.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.STRIDER_WARM_BLOCKS
Vanilla block tag representing all warm strider blocks.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.TALL_FLOWERS
Vanilla block tag representing all tall flowers.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.TRAPDOORS
Vanilla block tag representing all trapdoors (inherits from
WOODEN_TRAPDOORS . |
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.UNDERWATER_BONEMEALS
Vanilla block tag denoting all underwater blocks which may be bonemealed.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.UNSTABLE_BOTTOM_CENTER
Vanilla block tag representing all unstable bottom center blocks.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.VALID_SPAWN
Vanilla block tag denoting all valid mob spawn positions.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.WALL_CORALS
Vanilla block tag representing all wall corals.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.WALL_POST_OVERRIDE
Vanilla block tag representing all wall post overrides.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.WALL_SIGNS
Vanilla block tag representing all wall signs.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.WALLS
Vanilla block tag representing all walls.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.WARPED_STEMS
Vanilla block tag representing all warped stems.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.WART_BLOCKS
Vanilla block tag representing all wart blocks.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.WITHER_IMMUNE
Vanilla block tag representing all blocks immune to withers.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.WITHER_SUMMON_BASE_BLOCKS
Vanilla block tag representing all base blocks used for wither summoning.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.WOODEN_BUTTONS
Vanilla block tag representing all wooden buttons.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.WOODEN_DOORS
Vanilla block tag representing all wooden doors.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.WOODEN_FENCES
Vanilla block tag representing all wooden fences.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.WOODEN_PRESSURE_PLATES
Vanilla block tag representing all wooden pressure plates.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.WOODEN_SLABS
Vanilla block tag representing all wooden slabs.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.WOODEN_STAIRS
Vanilla block tag representing all wooden stairs.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.WOODEN_TRAPDOORS
Vanilla block tag representing all wooden trapdoors.
|
static Tag<Material> |
Tag.WOOL
Vanilla block tag representing all colors of wool.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static <T extends Keyed> |
Bukkit.getTag(@NotNull String registry,
@NotNull NamespacedKey tag,
@NotNull Class<T> clazz)
Gets a tag which has already been defined within the server.
|
<T extends Keyed> |
Server.getTag(@NotNull String registry,
@NotNull NamespacedKey tag,
@NotNull Class<T> clazz)
Gets a tag which has already been defined within the server.
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
MaterialChoice(@NotNull Tag<Material> choices)
Constructs a MaterialChoice with the current values of the specified
tag.
|
Copyright © 2021. All rights reserved.


READ ME
This is where all of your webcontent will be hosted.
Here are the steps to creating a proper RPM:
- Copy the Makefile from the packages/webpageexample/Makefile to your new package directory.
- Edit the Makefile to have your package name instead of "webpageexample".
- Copy the workingexample.spec from the /packages/webpageexample/webpageexample.spec to your new package directory.
- Change the name of the spec file and the name listed in the spec file to accomodate your package's name.
- Run make rpm in the packages/yournewpackagedirectory/.
- Run make bare in the packages/yournewpackagedirectory/.
- The CONFIG_BUILD (in clipdev/clip/) needs to have your package's name included in the PACKAGES (such as where webpageexample is located).
- At the top level directory, clipdev/clip/, run make yourpackagename-rpm.
- In /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf, change the ipaddresses to the ipaddress that you are using.
- In the kickstart file (/home/clipdev/clip/kickstart/clip/clip-rhel6.ks), change webpageexample to your package's name.


Learn and grow your skills
Here, we provide dozens of useful podcasts thar are introduced by the most popular software dev engineers all over the world
test
Here, we provide dozens of useful podcasts thar are introduced by the most popular software dev engineers all over the world


4 year planner
Organize your
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ahead of time
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Let's get to know you better!
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Situational concurrency control with SQL Server locks
Lock control
Locks are a trade between concurrency and performance. Locks take up space (depending on the table’s primary key), and they have an efficiency overhead.
SQL Server allows you to control this “trade”, by determining lock behaviour through a “setting” called isolation levels.
So depending on existing application requirements & future requirements volatility, choosing the appropriate level could be useful.
TLDR:
Read uncommited
: no shared or exclusive locks are usedRead committed
: shared and exclusive locks are usedRepeatable Read
: shared locks are held until end of transactionSerializable
: locks now cover a range of rows (instead of just singular rows)
There is also a level called “Snapshot”, which involves new SQL Server settings & a concept called “row versioning”. For simplicity, Snapshot wont be covered here
Read Uncommitted
Maximum speed! No locks means no overhead, but it also means no concurrency control. Its a free-for-all!
Since there’s no locks, rows can be updated & read mid-transaction. For example:
| Transaction A | Transaction B |
|---|---|
| Transaction start | |
| Update row | |
| Read row | |
| Commit transaction |
This is fine, transaction B still read the value which still ends up being correct anyways.
But what if transaction A fails?
| Transaction A | Transaction B |
|---|---|
| Transaction start | |
| Update row | |
| Read row | |
| Tries to commit transaction | |
| Error, rolls back transaction |
Ah nuts! Now transaction B has the wrong value! If this situation would be a problem for your application, you might have to use a stricter isolation level…
Read Committed (default)
As the default level, shared & exclusive locks are used. Lets continue our adventure from last time:
| Transaction A | Transaction B |
|---|---|
| Transaction start | |
| Update row | |
| Read row | |
| Tries to commit transaction | |
| Error, rolls back transaction |
We guchi, guchi wearing prada.
Transaction A places an exclusive lock on the row, then Transaction B tries to read the row (by placing a shared lock). Since exclusive & shared locks are incompatible, transaction B sits there, patiently, in silence, until transaction A finishes its’ dance.
And hence, transaction B would finally resume, & read the correct value.
Whew! Crisis averted…?
Crap. The above example is just 1 of the 2 possible scenarios. The other scenario is that Transaction B starts first:
| Transaction A | Transaction B |
|---|---|
| Transaction start | |
| Read row | |
| Update row |
In read committed, shared locks are actually released immediately after the read. To think of this another way:
| Transaction A | Transaction B |
|---|---|
| Transaction start | |
| Read row (shared lock) | |
| Shared lock released | |
| Update row (exclusive lock) | |
| Transaction end |
As mentioned before, exclusive & shared locks are incompatible. Whoever arrives 2nd has to wait.
But since shared locks are released immediately after the read, Transaction A still gets dibs & can update the row - even though Transaction B is still halfway through!
This becomes an issue, because if Transaction B were to do another read after the row gets updated, it would read different data:
| Transaction A | Transaction B |
|---|---|
| Transaction start | |
| Read row (shared lock) | |
| Shared lock released | |
| Transaction start | |
| Update row (exclusive lock) | |
| Transaction end | |
| Read row (shared lock) | |
| Transaction end |
So if Transaction B were something like:
var val = await db.QueryAsync<bool>("SELECT col FROM table");
if (val == true)
{
...
}
And then Transaction A barged in halfway through (before the IF
statement):
await db.ExecuteAsync("UPDATE table SET col = 0");
Then the IF
statement (in Transaction A) would return true, even though Transaction B set the column to 0
beforehand.
Next week, on season 2 of transactions attacking eachother…
Repeatable Read
Shared locks are held until end of transaction. Continuing our adventure:
| Transaction A | Transaction B |
|---|---|
| Transaction start | |
| Read row (shared lock) | |
| Shared lock released | |
| Transaction start | |
| Update row (exclusive lock) | |
| Transaction end | |
| Read row (shared lock) | |
| Transaction end |
now becomes:
| Transaction A | Transaction B |
|---|---|
| Transaction start | |
| Read row (shared lock) | |
Shared lock NOT released |
|
| Transaction start | |
| Update row (exclusive lock) | |
| Transaction end | |
| Read row (shared lock) | |
| Transaction end |
And we’re good! When Transaction A tries to apply exclusive lock, it has to wait there patiently because the Transaction B’s shared lock is still on the row.
So
var val = await db.QueryAsync<bool>("SELECT col FROM table");
if (val == true)
{
...
}
Cant be “interrupted” halfway through, & the IF
statement works as expected. Only once Transaction B ends, the shared lock is released, then Transaction A’s exclusive lock is applied to do the update:
await db.ExecuteAsync("UPDATE table SET col = 0");
Serializable
This isolation level takes the cake. Database developers get down on their knees & pray to the SQL gods for whoever invented this level!
The previous levels covered common cases, but there’s 1 extra scenario that often happens in applications, & thats when a SQL statement SELECT
a range of rows, & then another Transaction INSERT
rows in that range.
Example table: | Id | Value | |—-|——-| | 1 | 1 | | 2 | 100 |
Then a SELECT
:
var rows = await db.QueryAsync<int>("SELECT Id FROM table WHERE Value BETWEEN 1 AND 100");
if (rows.Count() == 2)
{
...
}
Which grabs rows with Id
1 & 2. No problems so far right?
Oh wait a second, whats that thing called when multiple transactions bump heads? Oh yeah, HELL
await db.ExecuteAsync("INSERT INTO table (Value) VALUES (10)");
If this runs before the IF
statement, the IF
statement will return true
. The original SELECT
got 2 rows, but now there’s 3 rows in DB, & now the IF
statement is checked with outdated data!
Why must programming be so complicated! Nothing to worry, because the Microsoft SQL Server devs took some good legal substances & hallucinated a new isolation level to make the INSERT
wait until the first transaction finishes.
And thus SERIALIZABLE
was born. To recap the SELECT
again:
await db.QueryAsync<int>("SELECT Id FROM table WHERE Value BETWEEN 1 AND 100");
In Serializable, shared & exclusive locks apply to a range of rows (instead of a single row). This means that if another transaction tries to shove another row between that range, it will be blocked.
await db.ExecuteAsync("INSERT INTO table (Value) VALUES (10)");
Boom! Problem solved.


babaji
Pink Floyd, Halo, Lord Of The Rings, Family, Friends, Travelling, C, Manga, Chaos
Travel to Leh Ladakh
Read Motorcycle Diaries
Watch Monty Python's Flying Circus
Buy an iPhone
Write an OS
Complete Markus
Complete StreamStreet
Install Cyanogenmod on phone.


Retrieve pre-calculated Dfam matches for ranges of genomic sequence. Up to a 1Mbp range can be retrieved at a time, but 100Kbp or smaller is recommended for readability and performance depending on your machine.
Pre-calculated matches are from Dfam + nhmmer searches against dfamseq, which contains reference assemblies for selected genomes covered by families in Dfam.
By default, redundant profile hits (RPH) will be removed as indicated by the checkbox. You can optionally make the search specific to a model by entering the Dfam accession or identifier.
The search will analyze both strands between the co-ordinate range, fetching both Dfam model matches that score above the gathering threshold and Tandem Repeat Finder (TRF) matches.


OVA for Flowplayer - Using Variables in Ad Tags
- Adding in the page URL to an ad tag
- Adding in the referrer to an ad tag
- Adding the page domain to an ad tag
- Forcing encoding on OVA variables (Long form)
- Declaring "transformers" to be applied to VAST responses
Back to main index
Copyright 2011 Open Video Ads


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]
P
parent
(in
ControllerWithParent
)
pluginloader
(in
robotide.application
)
Process
(in
robotide.contrib.testrunner.asyncproc
)
parent
(in
Occurrence
)
PluginLoader
(in
robotide.application.pluginloader
)
process
(in
robotide.run
)
parent
(in
ItemNameController
)
pluginmanager
(in
robotide.ui
)
Process
(in
robotide.run.process
)
parse()
(in
Shortcut
)
PluginManager
(in
robotide.ui.pluginmanager
)
ProcessStop
(in
robotide.contrib.testrunner.testrunnerplugin
)
parse_argument()
(in
robotide.controller.arguments
)
poll()
(in
Process
)
progress
(in
robotide.ui
)
parse_arguments_to_var_dict()
(in
robotide.controller.arguments
)
pop_from_redo()
(in
WithUndoRedoStacks
)
ProgressBar
(in
robotide.contrib.testrunner.testrunnerplugin
)
ParseError
(in
robotide.context.configobj
)
pop_from_undo()
(in
WithUndoRedoStacks
)
ProgressObserver
(in
robotide.ui.progress
)
ParsingErrorDialog
(in
robotide.context.logger
)
populate()
(in
ContentAssistList
)
Properties()
(in
robotide.editor.tags
)
Pass()
(in
ProgressBar
)
populate()
(in
AutoWidthColumnList
)
publish
(in
robotide
)
PASSED_IMAGE_KEY
(in
TestSuiteTreeCtrl
)
populate()
(in
Tree
)
publish()
(in
Plugin
)
paste()
(in
_ClipboardHandler
)
POPUP_BACKGROUND
(in
robotide.context
)
publish()
(in
RideMessage
)
paste()
(in
TestCaseEditor
)
PopupCreator
(in
robotide.widgets.popupmenu
)
publish()
(in
Publisher
)
paste()
(in
GridEditor
)
popupmenu
(in
robotide.widgets
)
publish_edited()
(in
ImportController
)
PasteArea()
(in
robotide.controller.commands
)
PopupMenu
(in
robotide.widgets.popupmenu
)
publish_removed()
(in
ImportController
)
pid()
(in
Process
)
PopupMenuItem
(in
robotide.widgets.popupmenu
)
PUBLISHER
(in
robotide.publish
)
pipe_separated
(in
SerializationContext
)
PopupMenuItems
(in
robotide.widgets.popupmenu
)
publisher
(in
robotide.publish
)
PipeSeparatedTxtWriter
(in
robotide.writer.writer
)
popupwindow
(in
robotide.editor
)
Publisher
(in
robotide.publish.publisher
)
platform
(in
robotide.context
)
PORT
(in
robotide.contrib.testrunner.SocketListener
)
Purify
(in
robotide.controller.commands
)
plugin
(in
BaseProfile
)
preview
(in
robotide.ui
)
push_to_redo()
(in
WithUndoRedoStacks
)
plugin
(in
robotide.pluginapi
)
preview_text()
(in
Printing
)
push_to_undo()
(in
WithUndoRedoStacks
)
Plugin
(in
robotide.pluginapi.plugin
)
PreviewPanel
(in
robotide.ui.preview
)
put()
(in
ExpiringCache
)
pluginapi
(in
robotide
)
PreviewPlugin
(in
robotide.ui.preview
)
PybotProfile
(in
robotide.contrib.testrunner.runprofiles
)
pluginconnector
(in
robotide.application
)
printing
(in
robotide.utils
)
PyOnDemandOutputWindow
PluginConnector
(in
robotide.application.pluginconnector
)
Printing
(in
robotide.utils.printing
)
pyversion
(in
robotide.context
)
PluginFactory()
(in
robotide.application.pluginconnector
)
PRIORITIES
(in
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)
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Some aquatic plants depend on the landscape for photosynthesis
Runoff from soils and surrounding environments provide life-sustaining carbon
| Source: | Arizona State University |
| Summary: | Researchers found that not only are freshwater aquatic plants affected by climate, they are also shaped by the surrounding landscape. When in an environment where CO2 is limited, aquatic plants use strategies to extract carbon from bicarbonate. Scientists identified patterns across ecoregions around the globe and discovered a direct link between the availability of catchment bicarbonate and the ability of aquatic plants to extract carbon from that bicarbonate. |
All plants need carbon dioxide, or CO2 to live. They extract it from the air and use it during the photosynthesis process to feed themselves.
But what happens to aquatic plants? How do they get carbon dioxide?
Some have partial terrestrial forms, such as floating leaves or above water growth, which allows them to use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. But for plants that live completely submerged in water, CO2 is limited and many of these plants have developed a mechanism to tap into other carbon sources. In this case, they extract it from bicarbonate — a naturally occurring mineral that comes from the weathering of soils and rocks and the runoff reaches the plants.
In a paper published today in Science, researchers from Arizona State University School of Life Sciences found that not only are freshwater aquatic plants affected by climate, they are also shaped by the surrounding landscape.
"In this study, we're able to show that yes, when in an environment where carbon dioxide is limited, then plants use strategies to extract carbon from bicarbonate," said Lars Iversen, principal investigator for the study and a research fellow at the School of Life Sciences. "We see this in local rivers and lakes, but we also see this across the globe. We have identified patterns across ecoregions and there's a direct link between the availability of catchment bicarbonate and the ability of aquatic plants to extract carbon from that bicarbonate."
The study, which focused specifically on aquatic plants that live completely submerged, also showed that when plants have easier access to carbon dioxide, they will use that as their carbon source, even if bicarbonate is available.
"One of the main points of this study is that aquatic plants are different. We cannot use our extensive knowledge about terrestrial plants in the same way as aquatic plants," said Iversen, a researcher in Assistant Professor Ben Blonder's ecology lab. "This is really important because on a global scale, at least one-third of the human population is very closely linked to freshwater systems. So things like deltas, drinking water, and fishing grounds are critical to human survival. If we are to understand how these systems will persist and change within the next 100 years, then we really need to know how some of the main components and structures in freshwater systems are working."
Environmental changes caused by human activity, such as deforestation, land cultivation, and the use of fertilizers, are causing large increases in bicarbonate concentrations in many freshwater bodies around the world. Iversen said the insight from this study will help researchers evaluate how ecosystem functions change if concentrations of bicarbonate increase.
make a difference: sponsored opportunity
Story Source:
Materials provided by Arizona State University.
Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Journal Reference:
- L. L. Iversen, A. Winkel, L. Baastrup-Spohr, A. B. Hinke, J. Alahuhta, A. Baattrup-Pedersen, S. Birk, P. Brodersen, P. A. Chambers, F. Ecke, T. Feldmann, D. Gebler, J. Heino, T. S. Jespersen, S. J. Moe, T. Riis, L. Sass, O. Vestergaard, S. C. Maberly, K. Sand-Jensen, O. Pedersen. Catchment properties and the photosynthetic trait composition of freshwater plant communities. Science, 2019 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay5945
Cite This Page:
| MLA | Arizona State University. "Some aquatic plants depend on the landscape for photosynthesis: Runoff from soils and surrounding environments provide life-sustaining carbon." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 14 November 2019. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/11/191114141302.htm>. |
| APA | Arizona State University. (2019, November 14). Some aquatic plants depend on the landscape for photosynthesis: Runoff from soils and surrounding environments provide life-sustaining carbon. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 17, 2019 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/11/191114141302.htm |
| Chicago | Arizona State University. "Some aquatic plants depend on the landscape for photosynthesis: Runoff from soils and surrounding environments provide life-sustaining carbon." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/11/191114141302.htm (accessed November 17, 2019). |


Index
A B C D E F G H I J L M N O P R S T U V W X Y
All Classes|All Packages
All Classes|All Packages
All Classes|All Packages
O
- Observable - Class in it.polimi.ingsw.observer
-
Observable class that can be observed by implementing the
Observer
interface and registering as listener. - Observable() - Constructor for class it.polimi.ingsw.observer.Observable
- Observer - Interface in it.polimi.ingsw.observer
-
Observer interface.
- observers - Variable in class it.polimi.ingsw.observer.ViewObservable
- onDisconnect(ClientHandler) - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.network.server.Server
-
Handles the disconnection of a client.
- onDisconnect(ClientHandler) - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.network.server.SocketServer
-
Handles a client disconnection.
- onDisconnection() - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.controller.ClientController
-
Disconnects the client from the network.
- onDisconnection() - Method in interface it.polimi.ingsw.observer.ViewObserver
-
Handles a disconnection wanted by the user.
- onMessageReceived(Message) - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.controller.GameController
-
Switch on Game State.
- onMessageReceived(Message) - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.network.server.Server
-
Forwards a received message from the client to the GameController.
- onMessageReceived(Message) - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.network.server.SocketServer
-
Forwards a received message from the client to the Server.
- onMessageReceived_FirstMatch() - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.controller.GameControllerTest
- onMessageReceived_SecondMatch() - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.controller.GameControllerTest
- onUpdateApplyEffect(Position) - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.controller.ClientController
-
Sends a message to the server with the choice of the user about his god effect.
- onUpdateApplyEffect(Position) - Method in interface it.polimi.ingsw.observer.ViewObserver
-
Sends a message to the server with the choice of the user about his god effect.
- onUpdateBuild(Position) - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.controller.ClientController
-
Sends a message to the server with the position of the block to be built chosen by the user.
- onUpdateBuild(Position) - Method in interface it.polimi.ingsw.observer.ViewObserver
-
Sends a message to the server with the position of the block to be built chosen by the user.
- onUpdateEnableEffect(boolean) - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.controller.ClientController
-
Sends a message to the server with the choice of the user about his god effect.
- onUpdateEnableEffect(boolean) - Method in interface it.polimi.ingsw.observer.ViewObserver
-
Sends a message to the server with the choice of the user about his god effect.
- onUpdateFirstPlayer(String) - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.controller.ClientController
-
Sends a message to the server with the nickname of the first player chosen by the user.
- onUpdateFirstPlayer(String) - Method in interface it.polimi.ingsw.observer.ViewObserver
-
Sends a message to the server with the nickname of the first player chosen by the user.
- onUpdateGod(List<ReducedGod>) - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.controller.ClientController
-
Sends a message to the server with the gods chosen by the user.
- onUpdateGod(List<ReducedGod>) - Method in interface it.polimi.ingsw.observer.ViewObserver
-
Sends a message to the server with the gods chosen by the user.
- onUpdateInitWorkerPosition(List<Position>) - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.controller.ClientController
-
Sends a message to the server with the initial position of the workers chosen by the user.
- onUpdateInitWorkerPosition(List<Position>) - Method in interface it.polimi.ingsw.observer.ViewObserver
-
Sends a message to the server with the initial position of the workers chosen by the user.
- onUpdateMove(Position) - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.controller.ClientController
-
Sends a message to the server with the new position of the moving worker chosen by the user.
- onUpdateMove(Position) - Method in interface it.polimi.ingsw.observer.ViewObserver
-
Sends a message to the server with the new position of the moving worker chosen by the user.
- onUpdateNickname(String) - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.controller.ClientController
-
Sends a message to the server with the updated nickname.
- onUpdateNickname(String) - Method in interface it.polimi.ingsw.observer.ViewObserver
-
Sends a message to the server with the updated nickname.
- onUpdatePickMovingWorker(Position) - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.controller.ClientController
-
Sends a message to the server with the position of the worker to be moved chosen by the user.
- onUpdatePickMovingWorker(Position) - Method in interface it.polimi.ingsw.observer.ViewObserver
-
Sends a message to the server with the position of the worker to be moved chosen by the user.
- onUpdatePlayersNumber(int) - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.controller.ClientController
-
Sends a message to the server with the player number chosen by the user.
- onUpdatePlayersNumber(int) - Method in interface it.polimi.ingsw.observer.ViewObserver
-
Sends a message to the server with the player number chosen by the user.
- onUpdateServerInfo(Map<String, String>) - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.controller.ClientController
-
Create a new Socket Connection to the server with the updated info.
- onUpdateServerInfo(Map<String, String>) - Method in interface it.polimi.ingsw.observer.ViewObserver
-
Create a new connection to the server with the updated info.
- onUpdateWorkersColor(Color) - Method in class it.polimi.ingsw.controller.ClientController
-
Sends a message to the server with the workers color chosen by the user.
- onUpdateWorkersColor(Color) - Method in interface it.polimi.ingsw.observer.ViewObserver
-
Sends a message to the server with the workers color chosen by the user.
- OVER - it.polimi.ingsw.model.enumerations.XMLName
All Classes|All Packages


{%block content%} {%block styles%} {%endblock%}
Upload profile: {{form.Profilephoto}}
{{form.Email}}
{{form.Phone}}
Select your neighbourhood: {%for neighbourhood in neighbourhoods%} {{neighbourhood.Name}} {%endfor%}


Terms of Use and Privacy Policy
Thank you for showing an interest in YouWidget. I take your privacy very seriously. I neither want nor need to know anything about your personal data. Therefore, YouWidget is built to keep your data completely private.
Your Privacy
I (James Shaw) built YouWidget (also termed “the Service”, “our Service”, or “this Service”) as a free app. YouWidget is currently provided at no cost and is intended for use as is.
This part of the YouWidget support website is used to inform YouWidget users regarding it’s policies on the manner in which YouWidget accesses, uses, stores, or shares user data (“Personal Information”).
If you choose to use YouWidget, then you agree to the request and use of information in relation to this policy. The Personal Information that the service requests is used for providing and improving YouWidget. The service will not use or share your information with anyone except as described in this Privacy Policy.
Information Collection and Use
For a better experience, and in order to provide our Service, the app may require you to provide us, either directly or indirectly, with certain personally identifiable information. The information that the service requests will be used as described in this privacy policy.
The app uses third party services that may collect information used to identify you. Links to privacy policies of third party service providers used by YouWidget:
The following data is requested from your Google/YouTube account. This data is only used to be displayed in the app’s widgets.
- Email Address
- First and Last Name
- YouTube Channel Name
- YouTube Channel Avatar
- YouTube Channel Statistics (Subscriber, View, Video and Comment Count)
- YouTube Channel Videos
- YouTube Channel Subscriptions
The above data is requested and stored locally on your device. It does not and will not be shared outside of YouWidget.
Authentication
YouWidget utilises Google Sign-in for authentication. Your Google account is linked to your YouTube account. Your Google password never gets shared with YouWidget. When you sign into your Google account via YouWidget, it is done securely via Google’s website and YouWidget is given read-only permission to your account via an authorization token.
This token is used to authenticate with the YouTube Data API and hence allows YouWidget to access YouTube data as described above. The token is stored securely in your device’s keychain. You can revoke YouWidgets’s access to your account from Google’s website at any time. The app does not have write access to your Google/YouTube account.
YouTube Data API Services
As mentioned above, YouWidget uses YouTube Data API Services to request YouTube data. Therefore, by using YouWidget, you are agreeing to be bound by the YouTube Terms of Service, Privacy Policy, and API Services Terms of Service when engaging YouTube content and services through the app.
Security
I value your trust in providing the service with your Personal Information, thus the service uses commercially acceptable means of protecting it. But remember that no method of transmission over the internet, or method of electronic storage is 100% secure and reliable, and therefore we cannot guarantee its absolute security.
Links to Other Sites
YouWidget may contain links to other sites. If you click on a third-party link, you will be directed to that site. Note that these external sites are not operated by me. Therefore, I strongly advise you to review the Privacy Policy of these websites. I have no control over and assume no responsibility for the content, privacy policies, or practices of any third-party sites or services.
Changes to Privacy Policy
I may update this Privacy Policy from time to time. Thus, you are advised to review this page periodically for any changes. I will notify you of any changes by posting the new or updated Privacy Policy on this page. These changes are effective immediately after they are posted on this page.
Contact Me
Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions regarding this privacy policy or YouWidget.


razviz
The purpose of this vignette is to demonstrate how to use the razviz
package to produce a pdf
report of modeled versus observed hydrographs for a set of HEC-RAS hydraulic model scenarios.
Begin by loading the needed packages.
Next, we’ll install the razviz
package.
Finally, we’ll load the razviz
package.
In this step we’ll import the RAS exports from several RAS model calibration runs.
razviz::import_ras_hydrographs
function to import the example RAS model results included in the package for each modeled event.# Set event parameters
folder <- system.file("extdata/hydrographs/2008_calibration_9",
package = "razviz")
event <- "2008"
run_number <- 9
run_type <- "Calibration"
# Import event model results
cal_2008 <- razviz::import_ras_hydrographs(folder = folder,
event = event,
run_number = run_number,
run_type = run_type)
# Set event parameters
folder <- system.file("extdata/hydrographs/2013_calibration_9",
package = "razviz")
event <- "2013"
run_number <- 9
run_type <- "Calibration"
# Import event model results
cal_2013 <- razviz::import_ras_hydrographs(folder = folder,
event = event,
run_number = run_number,
run_type = run_type)
# Set event parameters
folder <- system.file("extdata/hydrographs/2014_calibration_9",
package = "razviz")
event <- "2014"
run_number <- 9
run_type <- "Calibration"
# Import event model results
cal_2014 <- razviz::import_ras_hydrographs(folder = folder,
event = event,
run_number = run_number,
run_type = run_type)
# Set event parameters
folder <- system.file("extdata/hydrographs/2017_calibration_9",
package = "razviz")
event <- "2017"
run_number <- 9
run_type <- "Calibration"
# Import event model results
cal_2017 <- razviz::import_ras_hydrographs(folder = folder,
event = event,
run_number = run_number,
run_type = run_type)
In this step we’ll get the model results ready for graphing.
razviz::combine_hydrographs
function.razviz::lengthen_hydrographs
function.# Combine hydrograph events
hydrograph_list <- list(cal_2008, cal_2013, cal_2014, cal_2017)
cal_wide <- razviz::combine_hydrographs(hydrograph_list)
# Convert to long format suitable for plotting
cal <- razviz::lengthen_hydrographs(cal_wide)
# Rename factors for prettier plot labeling
cal$River <- forcats::fct_recode(cal$River,
"Mississippi" = "MISSISSIPPI")
cal$Reach <- forcats::fct_recode(cal$Reach,
"Big Muddy to Ohio" = "BIG MUDDY_OHIO",
"Fox to Bear" = "FOXTOBEAR",
"Illinois to Mizzou" = "ILLINOIS_MIZZOU",
"Iowa to Des Moines" = "IOWATODESM",
"Kaskaskia to Big Muddy" = "KASKY_BIGMUDDY",
"Meramec to Kaskaskia" = "MERAMEC_KASKY",
"Missouri to Meramec" = "MISSOURI_MERAMEC",
"North to Salt" = "NORTHTOSALT",
"Salt to Cuivre" = "SALT_CUIVRE",
"Wyaconda to Fabius" = "WYACONDATOFABIUS")
In this step we’ll define the pages needed to draw the hydrograph plots.
In this step we’ll define the output folder.
In this step we’ll cal the hydrograph report.
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> \newpage
#> png
#> 2


This link will continue to find your gallery, even if the gallery is renamed or moved in the organiser! This is perfect for links you'll share with others (e.g. posted on a blog.)


A series of standard sizes for untrimmed paper. They are slightly larger than the corresponding A-series sizes. Printers buy untrimmed paper, bind it and then trim it down to standard A- sizes.
The ratio of side lengths is the same as for A- series, i.e. $ 1 : \sqrt{2} , $ and SRA0 size has area 1.15m2, SRA1 half this, etc. So the sizes are:
SRA0= 900 × 1280 mm;
SRA1= 640 × 900 mm;
SRA2= 450 × 640 mm;
SRA3= 320 × 450 mm;
SRA4= 225 × 320 mm.
The sizes are rounded to the nearest centimetre.


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Remote Controll Slider by |Nahid Hasan Limon| Check Client Presentation through this link Client Presentation


{% extends "v2/modules/gsoc/base.html" %} {% comment %} Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. {% endcomment %} {% block stylesheets %} {{ block.super }} {% endblock stylesheets %} {% block usermenu %} {{ user_actions.render }} {% endblock usermenu %} {% block page_content %} {% if posted %} {% if comment_box.form.errors %}
Sorry, we could not save your comment. Please fix the errors mentioned in the comment form below and submit the form again to save.
{% else %}Data saved successfully.
{% endif %}Email: {{ student_email }}
{% endif %} {% if private_comments_visible %}Mentor: {{ mentor.name|default:"No mentor assigned" }}
Possible mentors: {{ possible_mentors|default:"None" }}
{% endif %}Short description: {{ proposal.abstract }}
{% if private_comments_visible %}Status: {{ proposal.status }}
{% endif %} {% if additional_info %}Additional info: {{ additional_info }}
{% endif %}
{{ private_comments|length }} private comments
{% for comment in private_comments %}{{ comment.author.name }} {{ comment.created }}
{{ comment.content|safe }}{{ public_comments|length }} comments
{% for comment in public_comments %}{{ comment.author.name }} {{ comment.created }}
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My story; Living with the scars As narrated to Fardosa Hussein<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Twelve years letter I am still learning how to live with the scars of the cut.
Still fresh in my memory is that fateful day in December when it all happened.
My two cousins and I had just turned 10 years. Our parents booked us bus tickets to Mandera barely two days after schools had closed. They said such holidays were meant to reconnect us to our roots. But they lied. Or didn’t they?
The trip excited us, just like it would any other child our age. It was our virgin visit to Mandera. Little did we know what was in store for us down there.
A few days prior to our departure a cousin of ours had narrated to us her ordeal in the hands of the cutters. It did not hit us that was soon to be our fate. Afterall, our parents had asked us to have fun while upcountry - never even for once did they mention about the cut.
She was the last of the 10 girls who underwent female genital mutilation (FGM) at my grandmother’s homestead to heal from the cut. She developed an infection around her genitalia which made it hard for her to pass urine. Each time she complained about the discomfort, more and more grounded herb called ‘malmal’ (Myrrh) was used on her until she healed from the physical pain… mental pain sticks with you forever. Malmal is a tree sap and it’s poured on wounds when it’s super hot but dries fast.
FGM is a procedure involving partial or total removal of the female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs, or any harmful procedure to the female genitalia for non-medical reasons. The act is illegal in Kenya and many other parts of the world.
Growing into adulthood, I came to learn that with the existence of the Female Genital Mutilation Act 2011 parents and medical practitioners feared being arrested for keeping the practice rife in Nairobi - and that is why we had to take the long trip down to Mandera in guise of a holiday trip. Clearly our parents lied with no good intentions.
After two and a half days on the roads, we got to Mandera with a grand welcome. My grandmother even slaughtered a goat for us and in the evening she took us to town where she bought each of us three ‘deeras’ (kaftans). We also received a lot of goodies from our relatives.
One evening my grandmother came back from the market and summoned the three of us from the city. That is when the bombshell was dropped - we were going to undergo the cut.
Everything had been scheduled for the next day and the cutter was to find us in a clean ‘hori’ (manyatta) next to the cowshed, which we had to cleaned before darkness fell, she said.
Wait. Did I mention how we wailed after the news? We threw ourselves on the ground and wailed like never before.
That feeling of betrayal by our own parents cannot be explained in words.
Was this the ‘reconnection with our roots’ that we had come all the way from Nairobi for?
We thought of running away that night but where to? Mandera was new to us. Moreover, we were only 10-years.
We felt helpless. Cheated. Betrayed.
That night was the shortest. I dreaded daybreak.
My grandmother forced us out of bed and demanded that we hurry and clean the hori.

She walked towards us and said ‘I hope you are prepared because I am’ sic.
I couldn’t stand her, let alone sit at her mercy and watch her mutilate my womanhood. I tried hiding within the compound but my cousins told on me. Each one of us took a shower and went into the hori. There were other women in the hori who were there just in case we resisted.
The cutter pointed at me first because I was the tiniest of the three of us. I pleaded with my grandmother but she pulled me towards the old lady who made me lie on the bare ground. She then pointed at two women who were in the hori to come hold my legs apart until she was done.
I laid there stiff with my head held to the ground. I was helpless.
The cutter then moved in closer, took her tools out of the dirty ragged bag - A razor blade and ‘malmal’ (ground myrrh).
In our time, the style of cutting performed on girls was called firĉaaun where the whole clitoris is removed. It was pain beyond imagination as the cutter did not use any anaesthesia. Immediately the cutter was done removing my clitoris she poured the pounded malmal on my wound. She requested to be given strips torn from an old deera to tie my legs together.
She would warn me of dangers of untying myself before I healed as they carried me to a corner of the hori. It is believed that if you start walking or playing before the wound heals the cutter will be called again to sew you up. That’s another level of pain no girl who has gone through the cut would want to experience - again.
It was now my cousins turn. The drama that unfolded was on another level.
She put up a fight against the dedicated women assigned to hold her legs apart. Being big-bodied seemed to work to her advantage. But not for long.
At one point she managed to free one of her legs and used the opportunity to kick the cutter who was now sitting on a crooked stool.
The hot slap she received from my grandmother was threat enough - she had to comply. My grandma made no bone of that fact.
The women were called back and this last time she had to be calm or risk being cut wrongly and having to suffer unwanted injuries. The cutter closed business by 9 am.
The cut was performed in the early hours of the morning before the sun scorches to allow the girls feel “less pain” while undergoing the cut.
With the help of the two women my grandmother managed to put the three of us on mat outside the hut so that we could bask in the sun.
She then invited the cutter and the rest of the women for a cup of tea before they left.
The next three weeks were full of agony.
We dragged ourselves on the ground so as to move from one place to another. Sometimes our grandmother would tell us stories and we would laugh while other days were adorned with silence and mood swings. The mental trauma was a burden too heavy to bare and our mothers were not around to comfort us.
My grandmother reminded us every day that we were no longer little girls and that we should start acting like women. But how were we to act like women? We were only 10 years old.
I was the first to heal after three weeks of gruesome pain. Then we had to be taught how to walk again. My grandmother gave me clear instruction on how to walk to avoid injuring myself. Both my cousin healed two weeks later. Luckily no one developed any form of complication.
Schools were about to open and we had to get going. This time round our parents booked us flight tickets because of our condition.
My grandmother made it clear that we were not supposed to talk about what had happened over the holiday with our friends at school. We flew back to Nairobi safely and continued with our lives like nothing happened.
I wonder who talks about their cut experience. I used to feel embarrassed in campus when my fellow classmates joked about girls who are circumcised. Not only did I suffer physically but I am also forced to live with the emotional scars from that horrid experience. It was not my wish to go through the cut and for that my future daughter will be lucky because I will not let societal pressure make her go through what I was forced to.


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