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Proactive enhance rospect resource for next generation convergence dramatical myocardinate.
Proactive enhance rospect resource for next generation convergence dramatical myocardinate.
Proactive enhance rospect resource for next generation convergence dramatical myocardinate.
Proactive enhance rospect resource for next generation convergence dramatical myocardinate.
Proactive enhance rospect resource for next generation convergence dramatical myocardinate.
Proactive enhance rospect resource for next generation convergence dramatical myocardinate.
Proactive enhance rospect resource for next generation convergence dramatical myocardinate.
Proactive enhance rospect resource for next generation convergence dramatical myocardinate.
Proactive enhance rospect resource for next generation convergence dramatical myocardinate.


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The first acts for Sónar Istanbul are here
Things are shaping up nicely for the 2020 edition
by Rebecca MaguireThe first lineup announcement has been made for the fourth edition of Sónar Istanbul.
Acts set to perform at the festival include Skee Mask, DJ Python and Umfang.
Sónar Istanbul presents a mix of international and local talent from the electronic music scene, and this year's festival is no exception, bringing together talent from all corners of the world to combine music, technology and creativity across the two-day festival.
Read this next: Warp celebrates its 30th anniversary with three-day NTS takeover
The hotly-anticipated festival will take place at the Zorlu Performing Arts Center, a venue known for bringing different artists and genres together in the heart of Istanbul.
The festival has sold-out every year with a reported 10,000 tickets sold annually.
Early Bird Tickets for Sónar Istanbul are available now.
Read more here: Get the best of Mixmag direct to your DMs
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{% extends 'user-auth.html' %} {% block content %}
Google Analytics is good at showing you raw numbers and letting you see how those numbers break down across all the dimensions you care about. However, it can sometimes be difficult to visualize how those numbers are trending over time.
Usage Trends is tool that makes it easier to visualize trends in your Google Analytics data. It does this by displaying your dimensions as a percentage of the total rather than just as raw numbers, which is critical when traffic fluctuates.
This tool helps you answer questions like:
Looking at raw numbers is interesting, but looking at trends is actionable. Trends tell you how to plan for the future and make sure you're ready for it.
Can I use custom dimensions and metrics in a trend report?
Yes! Just make sure you've selected the property where you've defined the custom dimension or metric.
Why are some metrics (e.g. Bounce Rate) missing from the list?
Usage Trends converts metric totals into percentages of those totals broken down by dimension. Metrics like Bounce Rate that are derived from other metrics (e.g. Bounces / Sessions) are excluded because they wouldn't make sense in a trend report.
Why do the results sometimes add up to more than 100%?
Not all dimensions and metrics can be meaningfully queried together. For example, the User Type dimension is a session-level dimension (since a user can be a "New Visitor" one session and a "Returning Visitor" the next). If you try to create a trend report for the User Type dimension with the Users metric, you'll get unexpected results since some users will be counted twice.


Cultural Blog
Neuroplasticity and Growth Mindset Blog
How understanding the principles of neuroplaticity benefits people
Understanding neuroplaticity will help you on a day to day basis.

It helps with overthinking and also anxiety.
Discuss how might engage with the principals of neuroplaticity for your own benefit
Example you go through a situation that is hurtful, every time you think about this situation you are strenghtening this memory in your brain, this means you start thinking about this more.
To be able to move on from this situation and learn, you need to be strong and replace these thoughts with something else.
Every time this thought comes up in your head you immediatley replace this with something else. Either you start doing something or you think another thought, the more you start doing this your memory of this situation will eventually phase out and you will be able to move on.
What are some of the ways to increase your Neuroplaticity
Become aware of your thoughts and actions, spend a day journelling this, then replace these thoughts or actions with something else and do this on repeat. Example when a negative thought comes through you then replace this with a postive thought ie - listen to a song, dance, exercise etc.
Link to a resource that you found particularly useful or engaging.
-
A book written by Joe Dispenza - Breaking The Habit of Being Yourself: How to Lose Your Mind Create a New One
View here
-
Also, Evolve Your Brain: The Science of Changing Your Mind
View here
-
There are many resources available online via audibles and podcasts to help with this such as Habbits that stick
Growth Mindset
What it is and why it is relevant
Growth mindset is your attitude, it is the attitude you apply and display in every aspect of life and that is why it is very relevant.
Did anything surprise you? Change for you?
This was a great reminder to myself to reasses my attitude, it made me feel not bad for where I was in my learning journey with code.
It reminded me that we are sponges and if we do not understand something now with practice and more learning we will get that "ahuh" moment we are looking for.
How will you integrate growth mindset into your learning journey?
The first thing is implementing "Not yet" into my language. Everyday using affirmations that we are consistenly learning and when you apply your whole self to something you will achieve this.
Link to a resource that you found particularly useful or engaging
-
This here helps you be content with who you are and allows you to trust the universe and to believe in yourself, this here gives you the canvas to then apply a growth mindset Sarah Prout Manifesting
-
This here helps you deal with emotions that you are struggling with Secular bhuddhism


Self-AdmittedTechnical Debt (SATD) occurs when developers intentionally chooseto take short-cuts, non-optimal solutions (e.g., temporary and quickfixes or rush code development) that negatively contribute to long-term source code quality in order to achieve short-term goals suchas product deadline. Several studies have successfully identifiedSATD through the source-comments, classified them into five types (design debt, defect debt, documentation debt, requirement debt,and test debt) based on how they negatively affect different partsof the source-code and proposed a tool that automatically detectsSATD using the source- comments as input. However, few papersdeeply investigate the types of SATD and their effects on softwareprojects. In this paper, we introduce a new type of SATD - we callit API debt - that is related to core API or third-party libraries. Inaddition, we quantify the amount of API-debt that are found in ourselected data-sets, why it is introduced and finally measuring theamount of API-debt removal.
More specifically, the research questions that we investigated are:
RQ1. To what extent self-admitted API-debt exists in the selected software projects?
93.3% of software projects on Github are built using core and third-part libraries . We believe that improper solutions, short-cuts or hacks can be involved using APIs and third-part libraries. In this research question, we want to investigate a new type of self-admitted technical debt that is related to API issues - we call it API debt.
RQ2. Why is self-admitted API-debt introduced to the source-code?
To achieve the goal of understating why developers bring API-debt to software projects, we used the migration commit messages. The migration commit messages are textual text written by the developers to resolve API-related issues such as ""
RRQ3. To what extent self-admitted API-debt instances are being removed?
Since we introduced a new type of self-admitted technical debt - API debt, we want to investigate how much API-debt comments are actually removed after the developers push the migration commits.


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The new web protocols
The Internet was done so well that most people think of it as a natural resource like the Pacific Ocean, rather than something that was man-made. When was the last time a technology with a scale like that was so error-free? The Web, in comparison, is a joke. The Web was done by amateurs.
- Alan Kay
Persistent connections not default
New header introduced:
Connection: Keep-Alive
Persistent connections default
HTTP pipelining
Only enabled by default in Opera
Still only FIFO, no true multiplexing
Headers are not compressed (~0.7kB)
Headers are re-sent a lot
Developers - Use several domains
Browsers - 6 connections per domain
Developed by Google
Aimed to reduce page load time by 50%
Minimize deployment complexity
Improve web security
Does not replace HTTP
Multiplexing - only one connection
Compressed headers
Prioritization
Only new/changed headers
Server push/hint
User-Agent
, Host
, and Accept
-headers are static
Other headers are rarely changed
Data is sent to client without being requested
X-Associated-Content
header
<html>
<head>
<title>My dog</title>
<link href='main.css' type='text/css' rel='stylesheet'>
</head>
<body>
<img src='dog.jpg'>
<script src='main.js'></script>
</body>
</html>
Vastly enhances page-load for first-time visitors
Works best for non-cached resources
Redundant data if resource is cached
Server suggests specific resources
X-Subresources
header
Cache-Control: max-age=120
Better option for returning visitors
Works best for cached resources
27-60% without SSL
39-55% over SSL
Very good for high packet loss rate
Good for high RTT
SSL handshakes
Worse perfomance when connection is lost
Harder to implement
Chrome
Firefox
Opera
Jetty
Apache
nginx
Google?
gmail.com
wordpress.com
twitter.com
facebook.com (will soon support)
Under development by IETF's HTTPbis working group
Targeting 2014 for release
Protocols that are considered:
SPDY
Microsoft's HTTP Speed+Mobility
Initial draft Nov 2012 - straight copy of SPDY
SPDY is just something to start with


Ireland donates its COVID Tracker app to Linux Foundation Ireland's HSE has donated the world's most successful contact tracing app as open source to Linux Foundation Public Health, supporting the global effort against Covid-19.
Make your feed discoverable Time and time again I come across fantastic blogs that I want to subscribe to but can’t find a feed for. First I try putting the site into my RSS reader (Miniflux is my tool of choice) but it often can’t find anything. Then I search around the site for th...
What about design? | Grumpy pep. Who around here hasn’t heard about the tragic and inevitable death of XMPP (eXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol)? It’s a pretty common topic in the community and around, often started by users of XMPP themselves missing a certain feature in one or ...
Nikon D5600 in 2020: still worth it? Short answer: yes. You should get it. Slightly less short answer: it’s good enough in enough situations that the main thing holding it back is the glass you plant on the front and, to a lesse…
22 Principles for Great Product Managers Do you aspire to be a world-class product manager? These 22 principles, curated from lessons from one of the world's best technology companies, will help!
Thoughts on Cross-platform I am convinced that cross-platform is the future for frontend. I don’t want to work separately from the Android team, or even web. There’s this strange disconnect that I honestly hate. It feels like a different company, even when working within the same s...
Solving Sudoku with Graph Theory By transforming Sudoku state into a Graph representation we can find an interesting solution to what would otherwise be multiple nested loops.
Ingradient: building the cooking tool I've always wanted Years ago, a cooking blog got me thinking about reverse-engineering recipes. I thought I could build an application for that. For those of us privileged enough to contribute, open source software is an endless time sync. I kept putting off the idea for so...
Rethinking My Thinking Seeking creative space, I spent two months exploring productivity and tools for thought. Here's what I discovered.
You Don't See The Whole Picture - Party at the Moontower Overpriced Or Just Overpriced In Isolation ☀Sunblock stock (SUN) makes 10% in sunny year. Loses 2% in rainy year. ☂Umbrella stock (RAIN) loses 2% in sunny year. Makes 2% in rainy year. Assume: The year is 50% to be sunny. The risk free rate is 0 A few t...
WA Department of Health 'dismayed' after confidential data published online The WA Government confirms confidential data from the state's Department of Health was made publicly available on a website after it was distributed over a third-party paging service.
Are You Using These VPN Apps? Personal Info Of 20 Million Users Leaked: That’s 1.2TB Data The VPN services include UFO VPN, FAST VPN, Free VPN, Super VPN, Flash VPN, Secure VPN and Rabbit VPN. These services claim to have as many as 20 million users around the world.
I Don't Want to be a Founder and I Don't Think You Do Either | Carol's Blog Carol Chen's blog about stuff she does or reads about or observes
Any claim without a URl should be treated as suspicious I’ve recently seen lots of people tweeting this supposed newspaper clipping. An olde-timey warning about wearing flu masks. But is it too good to be true? The first thing to do with any image…
Overview • Zettelkasten Method A Zettelkasten is a personal tool for thinking and writing that creates an interconnected web of thought. Its emphasis is on connection and not mere collection of ideas.
3D Book Image CSS Generator Generate an animated 3D image from a book cover and export to HTML/CSS to embed on your website.
Life, part 25 Let’s crisp up the problem from last episode. The problem for today’s episode is to write a method that takes these nine 2-quads: Computes these sixteen 1-quads: And returns these four …
Turns out half the internet has a Single-Point-of-Failure called “Cloudflare” On Friday a large chunk of the internet went off the air when Cloudflare apparently fat-fingered a routing update and sent all of their global traffic to a single POP, vaporizing it almost instantly. This affected their DNS service, and of course, as eve...
r/MachineLearning - [Discussion] OpenAI should now change their name to ClosedAI 620 votes and 222 comments so far on Reddit
Creating Elliptical Curve Keys using OpenSSL An OpenSSL cheat sheet for creating EC private keys, public keys, and certificates for use with ECDSA.
Tempering Expectations for GPT-3 and OpenAI’s API GPT-3 is indeed a large step forward for AI text-generation, but there are very many caveats with the popular demos and use cases.
Lecture Slides | Statistics for Applications | Mathematics | MIT OpenCourseWare This section includes a full set of the lecture notes.
Team Objectives - Overview | Silicon Valley Product Group After many years of being a very vocal advocate for the OKR (Objectives and Key Results) technique, in the majority of companies I meet, I have stopped recommending the practice. That’s because, in so many companies, even though conceptually the technique...
iamshaunjp/deno-websockets All course files for the Deno WebSockets (simple chat) course on The Net Ninja YouTube channel - iamshaunjp/deno-websockets
10B Nearly 7 years ago now, I started a little pet project to index data breaches and make them searchable. I called it "Have I Been Pwned" and I loaded in 154M breached records which to my mind, was rather sizeable. Time went by, the breaches continued and t...
BunnyCDN - Simple, Powerful & Lightning Fast CDN BunnyCDN is a simple but powerful CDN, offering lightning fast performance for a fraction of the cost with free SSL, Brotli, HTTP/2 and 100% Pay As You Go pricing.
Asynchronous messaging with Azure Service Bus This article presents how to implement asynchronous communication between microservices using Azure Service Bus
Four Reasons React Renders (and three ways to stop it) – Cory House There are four events that cause a React component to render:
Sort Data With ASP.NET Core and Query Strings Anyone building a web application will eventually have to deal with sorting tabular data. It’s a rule established into the constitution of the internet (if there was one). While it may be simple in concept, its implementation can be daunting based on many...
Travis logs and .NET Core console output This is a blog post rather than a bug report, partly because I really don’t know what’s at fault. Others with more knowledge of how the console works in .NET Core, or exactly what the T…
Microservices with ASP.NET Core 3.1 | Pro Code Guide This article will cover in detail how to create Microservices with ASP.NET Core with Serilog, Exception Handling, Swagger UI, Health Checks & Docker.
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Arrow
After a violent shipwreck, billionaire playboy Oliver Queen was missing and presumed dead for five years before being discovered alive on a remote island in the Pacific. He returned home to Starling City, welcomed by his devoted mother Moira, beloved sister Thea and former flame Laurel Lance. With the aid of his trusted chauffeur/bodyguard John Diggle, the computer-hacking skills of Felicity Smoak and the occasional, reluctant assistance of former police detective, now beat cop, Quentin Lance, Oliver has been waging a one-man war on crime.


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Bald Island North Carolina is an out of the way spot but when
Kris, Lee H, and Norm W were bringing the boat north last year
it was a spot that allowed work on the head/toilet/septic
system.  The island
is a community that only allows bicycles and golf carts and had
a surprisingly great stocked hardware store. The repairs
were made, you can use your imagination on how to fix a leaky
tank of waste, but the island of golf carts caught Derek's
attention and so on the return trip a stop was required.
We took the same end dock as a year ago but no leak head was
being repaired. After a quick lunch we hoped into a golf
cart, dogs and all, and toured the island. We toured the
Bald Head Woods State Reserve, played on the beach, Derek played in the water
(still too cold for Dean and Kris), we drove the cart on most of
the roads, had long hot showers in the marina's facilities, and
had a quiet evening on the boat. Other than Derek not
being able to drive the golf cart a good time was had by all.
Derek did get a good sweatshirt and a couple of boogie boards so
all was not lost.
The following morning we untied and left around 5:30 am (still
dark and cold but had a 75 miles to go and at 6 knots it takes
awhile). The weather forecast was for 2 to 4 foot seas and
10 to 15 knots of winds. After a rather bumpy ride out
through the breakwater the seas continued to build, so did the
wind. It is a guess but it seemed like the waves were 6 to
8 foot and I know the winds were 30 to 35 knots. As the
day progressed the winds and waves died down so all in all we
sailed with a double reefed main and head sail, just head sail, full
main and head sail, spinnaker, no sail/just motoring. We
had up every sail combination except one by the end of the day.
10/25/11 Bald Head Island NC, the myth the legend, the memories


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Other Site Care Providers
DOB: 04/07/1935 (79y)
SSN: 666-00-0008
Gender: Male
| Contact Information |
|---|
|
Home Address
Any Street Any Town, WV 99998 |
|
Temporary Address
Unavailable |
|
Home Phone
(222)555-6666 |
|
Cell Phone
Unavailable |
|
Work Phone
(222)555-7777 |
|
Email
Unavailable |
| Other Contact |
|---|
|
Emergency Contact
Unavailable |
|
Next of Kin
Veteran, Brother |
|
Next of Kin Phone
Unavailable |
|
Next of Kin Address
Unavailable |
| VA Health Benefits |
|---|
|
Insurance
Unavailable |
|
Service Connected
Yes |
| Service Connected Conditions Unavailable |
| Service and Social History |
|---|
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Veteran Yes |
|
Marital Status Married |
|
Religion Roman Catholic Church |
Location: Inactive(2 Nhcu)
Provider: unassigned
Body Text
Primary Care: RED
Unassigned / Unassigned 1
Inpatient Attending/Provider:
Provider, Thirty / Provider, Twenty
(555) 555-5551


| CONTENTS |
Summary BoxThis chapter talks about the many ways of dumping a file to the screen. Most users know the brute force approach provided by cat (Section 12.2), but there's more to it than that:
TOR |
The cat command may well be the first command new users hear about, if only because of its odd name. cat stands for concatenate or, as some would say, catenate. Both words mean the same thing: to connect in a series. The cat command takes its filename arguments and strings their contents together. Essentially, cat takes its input and spits it out again.
cat has many uses, but the four most basic applications are described in the following list. In many ways, they don't illustrate cat so much as they illustrate the shell's output redirection (Section 43.1) mechanism.
First form:
% cat file % cat file1 file2 file ...
Use this form to display one or more files on the screen. The output doesn't pause when the screen is full. As a result, if your files are more than one screenful long, the output will whiz by without giving you a chance to read it. To read output by screenfuls, use a pager such as less (Section 12.3).[1]
Second form:
% cat file(s) > new_file
Use this form when you want to combine several smaller files into one large file. Be sure the destination file does not already exist; otherwise, it will be replaced by the new contents (effectively destroying the original). For example, the command:
% cat chap1 chap2 chap3 > book
creates a new file, book, composed of three files, one after the other. The three component files still exist as chap1, chap2, and chap3.
Third form:
% cat file >> existing_file % cat files >> existing_file
Use this form to add one or more files to the end of an existing file. For example:
% cat note1 note2 > note_list % cat note3 >> note_list
Fourth form:
% cat > newfile
Use this form as a quick-and-dirty way to create a new file. This is useful when you aren't yet familiar with any of the standard text editors. With this command, everything you type at the keyboard goes into the new file. (You won't be able to back up to a previous line.) To finish your input, enter CTRL-d on a line by itself.
Well, that was just in case there are some beginners on board. Section 12.4, Section 12.7, and Section 12.13 give some more useful tips about cat options.
DG
The most popular pager for Unix systems was once the more command, so named because it gave you "one more screen." more is ubiquitous, but also somewhat limited in its capability. The less command (so named because, of course, "less is more!") is more commonly used. less is a full-featured text pager that emulates more but offers an extended set of capabilities.
One particularly important feature of less is that it does not read all of its input before starting, which makes it faster than an editor for large input. less also offers many useful features and is available for almost every operating environment. As an extra bonus, it is installed by default on most free Unixes.
less begins execution by first examining the environment in which it is running. It needs to know some things about the terminal (or window) in which its output will be displayed. Once that's known, less formats the text and displays the first screen's output. The last line of the screen is reserved for user interaction with the program. less will display a colon (:) on the first column of the last line and leave the cursor there. This colon is a command prompt, awaiting command input from the user. Most commands to less are single-character entries, and less will act upon them immediately and without a subsequent carriage return (this is known as cbreak mode). The most basic command to less (and more) is a single space, which instructs the pager to move ahead in the text by one screen. Table 12-1 lists commonly used less commands.
|
Command |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Space |
Scroll forward one screen. |
|
d |
Scroll forward one-half screen. |
|
RETURN |
Scroll forward one line. |
|
b |
Scroll backward one screen. Unlike more, while less is reading from pipes Section 1.5), it can redraw the screen and read previous pages. |
|
u |
Scroll backward one-half screen. |
|
y |
Scroll backward one line. |
|
g |
Go to the beginning of the text (could be slow with large amounts of text). |
|
G |
Go to the end of the text (could be slow with large amounts of text). |
|
/pattern |
Search forward for pattern, which can be a regular expression. |
|
?pattern |
Search backward for pattern, which can be a regular expression. |
|
n |
Search for the next occurance of the last search, in the same direction: forward in the file if the previous search was using / and backwards in the file if the previous search was using ?. |
|
N |
Search for the previous occurance of the last search. See earlier. |
|
h |
Display a help screen. |
|
:n |
Display next file from command line (two-character command). |
|
:p |
Display previous file from command line (two-character command). |
less has a rich command set, and its behavior can be modified as needed for your use. The lesskey program lets you make custom key definitions, and you can store your favorite setup options in the LESS environment variable (Section 35.3). See the less manpage for further details.
One of the big advantages of less is that it doesn't require any relearning; less does the right thing when you use more, vi (Section 17.2), or emacs (Section 19.1) file-browsing commands. Incidentally, it also protects you from terminal control sequences and other obnoxious things that happen when you try to view a binary file, because it escapes nonprinting characters (Section 12.4).
JD
Especially if you use an ASCII-based terminal, files can have characters that your terminal can't display. Some characters will lock up your communications software or hardware, make your screen look strange, or cause other weird problems. So if you'd like to look at a file and you aren't sure what's in there, it's not a good idea to just cat the file!
Instead, try cat -v. It shows an ASCII ("printable") representation of unprintable and non-ASCII characters. In fact, although most manual pages don't explain how, you can read the output and see what's in the file. Another utility for displaying nonprintable files is od. I usually use its -c option when I need to look at a file character by character.
Let's look at a file that's almost guaranteed to be unprintable: a directory file. This example is on a standard V7 (Unix Version 7) filesystem. (Unfortunately, some Unix systems won't let you read a directory. If you want to follow along on one of those systems, try a compressed file (Section 15.6) or an executable program from /bin.) A directory usually has some long lines, so it's a good idea to pipe cat's output through fold:
% ls -fa . .. comp % cat -v . | fold -62 M-^?^N.^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@>^G..^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ M-a comp^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@MassAveFood^@^@^@^@^@hist^@^@^ @^@^@^@^@^@^@^@ % od -c . 0000000 377 016 . \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 0000020 > 007 . . \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 0000040 341 \n c o m p \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 0000060 \0 \0 M a s s A v e F o o d \0 \0 \0 0000100 \0 \0 h i s t \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 0000120
Each entry in a V7-type directory is 16 bytes long (that's also 16 characters, in the ASCII system). The od -c command starts each line with the number of bytes, in octal, shown since the start of the file. The first line starts at byte 0. The second line starts at byte 20 octal (that's byte 16 in decimal, the way most people count). And so on. Enough about od for now, though. We'll come back to it in a minute. Time to dissect the cat -v output:
You've probably seen sequences like ^N and ^G. Those are control characters.
Another character like this is ^@, the character NUL (ASCII 0). There are a lot of NULs in the directory; more about that later. A DEL character (ASCII 177 octal) is shown as ^?. Check an ASCII chart.
cat -v has its own symbol for characters outside the ASCII range with their high bits set, also called metacharacters. cat -v prints those as M- followed by another character. There are two of them in the cat -v output: M-^? and M-a.
To get a metacharacter, you add 200 octal. For an example, let's look at M-a. The octal value of the letter a is 141. When cat -v prints M-a, it means the character you get by adding 141+200, or 341 octal.
You can decode that the character cat prints as M-^? in the same way. The ^? stands for the DEL character, which is octal 177. Add 200+177 to get 377 octal.
If a character isn't M-something or ^something, it's a regular printable character. The entries in the directory (., .., comp, MassAveFood, and hist) are all made of regular ASCII characters.
If you're wondering where the entries MassAveFood and hist are in the ls listing, the answer is that they aren't. Those entries have been deleted from the directory. Unix puts two NUL (ASCII 0, or ^@) bytes in front of the names of deleted V7 directory entries.
cat has two options, -t and -e, for displaying whitespace in a line. The -v option doesn't convert TAB and trailing-space characters to a visible form without those options. See Section 12.5.
Next, od -c. It's easier to explain than cat -v:
od -c shows some characters starting with a backslash (\). It uses the standard Unix and C abbreviations for control characters where it can. For instance, \n stands for a newline character, \t for a tab, etc. There's a newline at the start of the comp entry see it in the od -c output? That explains why the cat -v output was broken onto a new line at that place: cat -v doesn't translate newlines when it finds them.
The \0 is a NUL character (ASCII 0). It's used to pad the ends of entries in V7 directories when a name isn't the full 14 characters long.
od -c shows the octal value of other characters as three digits. For instance, the 007 means "the character 7 octal." cat -v shows this as ^G (CTRL-g).
Metacharacters, the ones with octal values 200 and higher, are shown as M-something by cat -v. In od -c, you'll see their octal values such as 341.
Each directory entry on a Unix Version 7 filesystem starts with a two-byte "pointer" to its location in the disk's inode table. When you type a filename, Unix uses this pointer to find the actual file information on the disk. The entry for this directory (named .) is 377 016. Its parent (named ..) is at > 007. And comp's entry is 341 \n. Find those in the cat -v output, if you want; and compare the two outputs.
Like cat -v, regular printable characters are shown as is by od -c.
The strings (Section 13.15) program finds printable strings of characters (such as filenames) inside mostly nonprintable files (such as executable binaries).
JP
The cat -v option (Section 12.4) shows an ASCII representation of unprintable and non-ASCII characters. cat has two options for displaying whitespace in a line. If you use the -t option with -v, TAB characters are shown as ^I. The -e option combined with -v marks the end of each line with a $ character. Some versions of cat don't require the -v with those options. Let's compare a one-line file without and with the -t -e (which may have to be typed separately, by the way; -te won't work on some versions):
% cat afile This is a one-line file - boring, eh? % cat -v -t -e afile ThiS^Hs is^Ia one-line file^I- boring, eh? $
Although you can't tell it from plain cat, there's a backspace (CTRL-h) before the first s, two TABs that take up only one column of whitespace each, and seven spaces at the end of the line. Knowing this can help you debug problems in printing and displaying files. It's also a help for shell programmers who need to parse or sort the output of other programs.
JP
Many different kinds of files live on the typical Unix system: database files, executable files, regular text files, files for applications like StarOffice, tar files, mail messages, directories, font files, and so on.
You often want to check to make sure you have the right "kind" of file before doing something. For example, you'd like to read the file tar. But before typing more tar, you'd like to know whether this file is your set of notes on carbon-based sludge or the tar executable. If you're wrong, the consequences might be unpleasant.
Go to http://examples.oreilly.com/upt3 for more information on: file
The file utility tells you what sort of file something is. It's fairly self-explanatory:
% file /bin/sh /bin/sh: sparc demand paged executable % file 2650 2650: [nt]roff, tbl, or eqn input text % file 0001,v 0001,v: ascii text % file foo.sh foo.sh: shell commands
file is actually quite clever though it isn't always correct some versions are better than others. It doesn't just tell you if something's binary or text; it looks at the beginning of the file and tries to figure out what it's doing. So, for example, you see that file 2650 is an nroff (Section 45.12) file and foo.sh is a shell script. It isn't quite clever enough to figure out that 0001,v is an RCS (Section 39.5) archive, but it does know that it's a plain ASCII text file.
Many versions of file can be customized to recognize additional file types. The file /etc/magic tells file how to recognize different kinds of files. [My Linux system has the file command from ftp://ftp.astron.com/pub/file/, which uses a multiple-database format. It's updated fairly often to understand new file formats. JP] It's capable of a lot (and should be capable of even more), but we'll satisfy ourselves with an introductory explanation. Our goal will be to teach file to recognize RCS archives.
/etc/magic has four fields:
offset data-type value file-type
These are as follows:
The offset into the file at which magic will try to find something. If you're looking for something right at the beginning of the file, the offset should be 0. (This is usually what you want.)
The type of test to make. Use string for text comparisons, byte for byte comparisons, short for two-byte comparisons, and long for four-byte comparisons.
The value you want to find. For string comparisons, any text string will do; you can use the standard Unix escape sequences (such as \n for newline). For numeric comparisons (byte, short, long), this field should be a number, expressed as a C constant (e.g., 0x77 for the hexadecimal byte 77).
The string that file will print if this test succeeds.
So, we know that RCS archives begin with the word head. This word is right at the beginning of the file (offset 0). Since we obviously want a string comparison, we make the the following addition to /etc/magic:
0 string head RCS archive
This says, "The file is an RCS archive if you find the string head at an offset of 0 bytes from the beginning of the file." Does it work?
% file RCS/0001,v RCS/0001,v: RCS archive
As I said, the tests can be much more complicated, particularly if you're working with binary files. To recognize simple text files, this is all you need to know.
ML
Reading output with lots of empty lines can be a waste of screen space. For instance, some versions of man (Section 2.1) show all the blank lines between manual pages. To stop that, read your file or pipe it through cat -s. ( Many versions of less (Section 12.3) and more have a similar -s option.) The -s option replaces multiple blank lines with a single blank line. (If your cat doesn't have -s, see the sed alternative at the end.)
cat -s might not always seem to work. The problem is usually that the "empty" lines have SPACE, TAB, or CTRL-m characters on them. The fix is to let sed "erase" lines with those invisible characters on them:
% sed 's/^[ SPACE TAB CTRL-v CTRL-m]*$//' file | cat -s
In vi (Section 18.6) and many terminal drivers, the CTRL-v character quotes the CTRL-m (RETURN) so that character doesn't end the current line.
If you don't have cat -s, then sed can do both jobs:
% sed -e 's/^[ SPACE TAB CTRL-v CTRL-m]*$//' -e '/./,/^$/!d' file
JP
Let's say that you want to look at the end of some large file. For example, you've just sent some mail and want to find out whether it was handled correctly. But when you look at your mail logs, you find out that the log file is 30 or 40 KB long, and you don't care about the whole thing you certainly don't want to page through it until you get to the end. How do you handle this?
The tail command is just what you need in this situation. tail reads its input and discards everything except for the last ten lines (by default). Therefore, if you're pretty sure that the information you want is at the end of the file, you can use tail to get rid of the junk that you don't want. To see just the end of that mail log (in this case, qmail's log):
% tail /var/log/maillog Feb 19 10:58:45 yyy qmail:<PHONE_NUMBER>.474209 delivery 6039: success: did_0+0+1/ Feb 19 10:58:45 yyy qmail:<PHONE_NUMBER>.491370 status: local 0/10 remote 0/20 Feb 19 10:58:45 yyy qmail:<PHONE_NUMBER>.492211 end msg 111214 Feb 19 11:11:15 yyy qmail:<PHONE_NUMBER>.469000 new msg 111214 Feb 19 11:11:15 yyy qmail:<PHONE_NUMBER>.469631 info msg 111214: bytes 281 from<EMAIL_ADDRESS>qp 51342 uid 1000 Feb 19 11:11:15 yyy qmail:<PHONE_NUMBER>.562074 starting delivery 6040: msg 111214 to remote<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Feb 19 11:11:15 yyy qmail:<PHONE_NUMBER>.562630 status: local 0/10 remote 1/20 Feb 19 11:11:30 yyy qmail:<PHONE_NUMBER>.110546 delivery 6040: success: <IP_ADDRESS>_accepted_message./Remote_host_said:_250_Ok:_queued_as_C0EC73E84D/ Feb 19 11:11:30 yyy qmail:<PHONE_NUMBER>.127763 status: local 0/10 remote 0/20 Feb 19 11:11:30 yyy qmail:<PHONE_NUMBER>.128381 end msg 111214
For another common example, to see the latest entries from the BSD or Linux kernel ring buffer:
% dmesg | tail lpt0: <Printer> on ppbus0 lpt0: Interrupt-driven port ppi0: <Parallel I/O> on ppbus0 IPsec: Initialized Security Association Processing. ad0: 19569MB <ST320430A> [39761/16/63] at ata0-master UDMA66 afd0: 239MB <IOMEGA ZIP 250 ATAPI> [239/64/32] at ata0-slave using PIO3 acd0: CDROM <ATAPI CDROM> at ata1-master using PIO4 Mounting root from ufs:/dev/ad0s1a pid 50882 (fetch), uid 0: exited on signal 10 (core dumped) pid 88041 (smbd), uid 1000 on /usr: file system full
This will give you the last ten lines from the dmesg command. If you need more or less than ten lines, look at Section 12.9.
Althought the GNU version is better behaved, some older versions of tail accept one (and only one!) filename:
% tail somefile
There are many other situations in which tail is useful: I've used it to make sure that a job that produces a big output file has finished correctly, to remind me what the last piece of mail in my mailbox was about, and so on. You'll find tail important whenever you're interested only in the end of something.
ML
What if you need to look at the last 11 lines of the file? The command tail -n shows the final n lines. The command tail +n discards the first n-1 lines, giving you line n and everything that follows it.
You can also tell tail to count the number of characters or the number of 512-byte blocks. To do so, use the -c option (count characters) or the -b option (count blocks). If you want to state explicitly that you're interested in lines, give the -l option.
Your tail probably has a -r option that shows the file in reverse order, starting from the last line.
Many versions of Unix limit the maximum number of lines that tail, especially tail -r, can display.
ML
One of the best things that you can do with tail is to look at a file as it is growing. For example, I once was debugging a program named totroff that converted a manual from a plain text format to troff. It was rather slow, so that you didn't want to wait until the program finished before looking at the output. But you didn't want to be typing more every 20 seconds either, to find out whether the part of the file that you were debugging had made it through yet. (more quits when you "run out" of file, so it can't really help you look for a part of a file that hasn't been written yet.) The tail -f command solves this problem. For example:
% totroff < file.txt > file.ms & [1] 12345 % tail -f file.ms .LP Tail produces output as the file grows. ... CTRL-c
Now suppose you want to monitor several files at once. Administrators, for example, might want to keep track of several log files, such as /usr/adm/messages, /usr/adm/lpd-errs, UUCP error files, etc. The GNU tail program comes in useful for keeping an eye on several administrative log files at once. But it also comes in useful for nonadministrators.
For example, suppose you want to perform several greps through many files, saving the output in different files. You can then monitor the files using tail -f. For example:
% grep Berkeley ch?? > Berkeley.grep & % grep BSD ch?? > BSD.grep & % grep "System V" ch?? > SystemV.grep & % grep SysV ch?? > SysV.grep & % tail -f Berkeley.grep BSD.grep SystemV.grep SysV.grep
When new text appears in the files called with tail -f, it also appears on the screen:
==> SysV.grep <== ch01:using a SysV-based UNIX system, you must ==> Berkeley.grep <== ch01:at the University of California at Berkeley, where ==> BSD.grep <== ch03:prefer BSD UNIX systems because they are less likely to ch04:who use a BSD-based UNIX systems must run the ==> SysV.grep <== ch04:is a SysV derivative sold by Acme Products Inc.
(When text is written to a new file, the filename is printed surrounded by ==> and <==.)
What's actually happening here?
When you invoke tail -f, tail behaves just like it normally does: it reads the file and dumps the last ten (or however many) lines to the screen. But, unlike most applications, tail doesn't quit at this point. Instead, tail goes into an infinite loop. It sleeps for a second, then wakes up and looks to see if the file is any longer, then sleeps again, and so on. Because this is an infinite loop, you have to enter CTRL-c (or whatever your interrupt key (Section 24.11) is) when you've seen the data you're interested in, or when the file you're watching has been completed. tail has no way of knowing when the file has stopped growing.
tail ignores the -f option when it is reading from a pipe. For example, totroff < file.txt | tail -f wouldn't work.
Section 12.11 shows a useful feature of GNU tail: following files by name or file descriptor.
ML and LM
I like to keep an xterm window open on my Linux system so I can watch various log files. Although there are fancier log-file-monitoring programs (such as swatch), tail -f (Section 12.10) is perfect for me.
I also run a weekly cron (Section 25.2) job to rotate log files (rename the files, compress and archive them). When this job runs, the log files suddenly have new names messages becomes messages.1, for instance so the system logger starts writing to a different messages file. Then plain tail -f suddenly stops showing the log because it doesn't realize that the same physical file on the disk suddenly has a new name. When this happened, I had to remember to kill and restart tail each Sunday morning . . . until I found the new version of GNU tail, that is.
The GNU tail - -follow option lets you choose how the files you're watching should be followed. By default, GNU tail acts like the standard tail: it opens a file for reading and gets a file descriptor (Section 36.15) number, which it constantly watches for changes. But if that file is renamed and a new file with the old name (and a new inode) takes its place, the file descriptor may point to a file that's not in use anymore.
Go to http://examples.oreilly.com/upt3 for more information on: tail
The GNU tail options, - -follow=name and - -retry, tell it to watch the actual file name, not the open file descriptor. Here's what happens Sunday mornings when I'm using this:
{ } Section 28.4
kludge# tail --follow=name --retry ~jerry/tmp/startx.log \ /var/log/{messages,maillog,secure} ...lots of log messages... tail: `/var/log/secure' has been replaced; following end of new file tail: `/var/log/maillog' has been replaced; following end of new file tail: `/var/log/messages' has been replaced; following end of new file Dec 31 04:02:01 kludge syslogd 1.3-3: restart. Dec 31 04:02:01 kludge syslogd 1.3-3: restart. Dec 31 04:02:05 kludge anacron[8397]: Updated timestamp for job `cron.weekly' to 2000-12-31
It's just what I've always needed.
JP
head can be used to print the first few lines of one or more files (the "head" of the file or files). When more than one file is specified, a header is printed at the beginning of each file, and each is listed in succession.
Like tail (Section 12.9), head supports the -n option to control the number of lines displayed and the -c option to print characters/bytes instead of lines. GNU head also supports an extention to -c: -c nk prints the first n kilobytes of the file, and -c nm prints the first n megabytes of the file.
DJPH
There are times when you want to print out a file with the lines numbered perhaps because you are showing a script or program in documentation and want to refer to individual lines in the course of your discussion.
This is one of the handy things cat can do for you with the -n option.
cat -n precedes each line with some leading spaces, the line number, and a TAB. How many leading spaces? It depends on how high the line numbers go. The line numbers are right-justified at column 6, which means that a 6-digit number will go all the way back to the margin. I only belabor this point in case you're tempted to trim the leading spaces with something like cut (Section 21.14).
Go to http://examples.oreilly.com/upt3 for more information on: nl
If you have a version of cat that doesn't support -n, try nl, the line-numbering program. nl -ba acts like cat -n. By itself, nl numbers only lines with text. The GNU version is on the web site.
You can achieve a similar effect with pr -t -n. (The -t keeps pr from inserting the header and footer (Section 45.6) it normally uses to break its output into pages.) And as long as we're giving you choices, here are five more:
less -N filename grep -n \^ filename awk '{print NR,$0}' filename sed = < filename | sed 'N;s/\n/ /' ex - '+%#\|q' filename
JP and TOR
[1] You may think this command form is pointless. In truth, this form is rarely used in such a basic way. More often, you'll use this form along with some of cat's display options or connect this command to other Unix commands via a pipe Section 1.5).
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<IP_ADDRESS> Speed
There are several things to do if the speed of the Emacs environment
is a problem:
- First of all, make sure that prolog.el and
sicstus-support.el are compiled, i.e. that there is a
prolog.elc and a sicstus-support.elc file at the same
location as the original files. To do the compilation, start Emacs
and type M-x byte-compile-file <RET> path <RET>,
where path is the path to the `*.el' file. Do not be alarmed
if there are a few warning messages as this is normal. If all went
well, there should now be a compiled file, which is used the next time
Emacs is started.
- The next thing to try is changing the setting of
prolog-use-prolog-tokenizer-flag
to nil
. This means that
Emacs uses built-in functions for some of the source code parsing,
thus speeding up indentation. The problem is that it does not handle all
peculiarities of the Prolog syntax, so this is a trade-off between
correctness and speed.
- The setting of the
prolog-parse-mode
variable also affects
the speed, 'beg-of-line
being faster than 'beg-of-clause
.
- Font locking may be slow. You can turn it off using customization,
available through M-x customize-group <RET> font-lock
<RET>. An alternative is to enable one of the lazy font locking
modes. You can also turn it off completely; see Basic Configuration.
Send feedback on this subject.


{{ post.title }}
By {{ post.author.display_name }} | {{ post.date | date: "%d %b, %Y" }}{{ post.content | truncatewords: 50 }}
--- layout: default ---
So, when is the best time to buy a new phone? We all wonder don’t we, should I upgrade to the latest handset right now or wait a little bit?
{{ post.content | truncatewords: 50 }}


Freedman, Alisa and Toby Slade. Introducing Japanese Popular Culture. New York: Routledge, 2018.
Okamoto, Takeshi. "Otaku tourism and the anime pilgrimage phenomenon in Japan." 2015. Japan Forum, 27:1, 12-36, DOI: 10.1080/09555803.2014.962565
Seaton, Philip. Contents tourism in Japan: Pilgrimages to "sacred sites" of popular culture. Amherst: Cambria Press, 2017.
Seaton, Philip and Takayoshi Yamamura. Japanese popular culture and contents tourism. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Sugawa-Shimada, Akiko. "Rekijo, pilgrimage and ‘pop-spiritualism’: pop-culture-induced heritage tourism of/for young women." Japan Forum. Volume 27, 2015 - Issue 1: Japanese Popular Culture and Contents Tourism
Yamammura, Takayoshi. "Contents tourism and local community response: Lucky star and collaborative anime-induced tourism in Washimiya," Japan Forum, 27:1, 59-81, DOI: 10.1080/09555803.2014.962567


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HAL configuration file. More...
#include "mxconstants.h"
#include "stm32f1xx_hal_rcc.h"
#include "stm32f1xx_hal_gpio.h"
#include "stm32f1xx_hal_dma.h"
#include "stm32f1xx_hal_cortex.h"
#include "stm32f1xx_hal_flash.h"
#include "stm32f1xx_hal_iwdg.h"
#include "stm32f1xx_hal_pwr.h"
#include "stm32f1xx_hal_spi.h"
#include "stm32f1xx_hal_tim.h"
#include "stm32f1xx_hal_uart.h"
Go to the source code of this file.
Macros | |
| #define | HAL_MODULE_ENABLED |
| This is the list of modules to be used in the HAL driver. | |
| #define | HAL_GPIO_MODULE_ENABLED |
| #define | HAL_IWDG_MODULE_ENABLED |
| #define | HAL_SPI_MODULE_ENABLED |
| #define | HAL_TIM_MODULE_ENABLED |
| #define | HAL_UART_MODULE_ENABLED |
| #define | HAL_CORTEX_MODULE_ENABLED |
| #define | HAL_DMA_MODULE_ENABLED |
| #define | HAL_FLASH_MODULE_ENABLED |
| #define | HAL_GPIO_MODULE_ENABLED |
| #define | HAL_PWR_MODULE_ENABLED |
| #define | HAL_RCC_MODULE_ENABLED |
| #define | HSE_VALUE ((uint32_t)8000000) |
| Adjust the value of External High Speed oscillator (HSE) used in your application. This value is used by the RCC HAL module to compute the system frequency (when HSE is used as system clock source, directly or through the PLL). More... | |
| #define | HSE_STARTUP_TIMEOUT ((uint32_t)5000) |
| #define | HSI_VALUE ((uint32_t)8000000) |
| Internal High Speed oscillator (HSI) value. This value is used by the RCC HAL module to compute the system frequency (when HSI is used as system clock source, directly or through the PLL). More... | |
| #define | LSE_VALUE ((uint32_t)32768) |
| External Low Speed oscillator (LSE) value. This value is used by the UART, RTC HAL module to compute the system frequency. More... | |
| #define | LSE_STARTUP_TIMEOUT ((uint32_t)5000) |
| #define | VDD_VALUE ((uint32_t)3300) |
| This is the HAL system configuration section. More... | |
| #define | TICK_INT_PRIORITY ((uint32_t)0) |
| #define | USE_RTOS 0 |
| #define | PREFETCH_ENABLE 1 |
| #define | MAC_ADDR0 2 |
| Uncomment the line below to expanse the "assert_param" macro in the HAL drivers code. | |
| #define | MAC_ADDR1 0 |
| #define | MAC_ADDR2 0 |
| #define | MAC_ADDR3 0 |
| #define | MAC_ADDR4 0 |
| #define | MAC_ADDR5 0 |
| #define | ETH_RX_BUF_SIZE ETH_MAX_PACKET_SIZE /* buffer size for receive */ |
| #define | ETH_TX_BUF_SIZE ETH_MAX_PACKET_SIZE /* buffer size for transmit */ |
| #define | ETH_RXBUFNB ((uint32_t)8) /* 4 Rx buffers of size ETH_RX_BUF_SIZE */ |
| #define | ETH_TXBUFNB ((uint32_t)4) /* 4 Tx buffers of size ETH_TX_BUF_SIZE */ |
| #define | DP83848_PHY_ADDRESS 0x01 |
| #define | PHY_RESET_DELAY ((uint32_t)0x000000FF) |
| #define | PHY_CONFIG_DELAY ((uint32_t)0x00000FFF) |
| #define | PHY_READ_TO ((uint32_t)0x0000FFFF) |
| #define | PHY_WRITE_TO ((uint32_t)0x0000FFFF) |
| #define | PHY_BCR ((uint16_t)0x00) |
| #define | PHY_BSR ((uint16_t)0x01) |
| #define | PHY_RESET ((uint16_t)0x8000) |
| #define | PHY_LOOPBACK ((uint16_t)0x4000) |
| #define | PHY_FULLDUPLEX_100M ((uint16_t)0x2100) |
| #define | PHY_HALFDUPLEX_100M ((uint16_t)0x2000) |
| #define | PHY_FULLDUPLEX_10M ((uint16_t)0x0100) |
| #define | PHY_HALFDUPLEX_10M ((uint16_t)0x0000) |
| #define | PHY_AUTONEGOTIATION ((uint16_t)0x1000) |
| #define | PHY_RESTART_AUTONEGOTIATION ((uint16_t)0x0200) |
| #define | PHY_POWERDOWN ((uint16_t)0x0800) |
| #define | PHY_ISOLATE ((uint16_t)0x0400) |
| #define | PHY_AUTONEGO_COMPLETE ((uint16_t)0x0020) |
| #define | PHY_LINKED_STATUS ((uint16_t)0x0004) |
| #define | PHY_JABBER_DETECTION ((uint16_t)0x0002) |
| #define | PHY_SR ((uint16_t)0x10) |
| #define | PHY_MICR ((uint16_t)0x11) |
| #define | PHY_MISR ((uint16_t)0x12) |
| #define | PHY_LINK_STATUS ((uint16_t)0x0001) |
| #define | PHY_SPEED_STATUS ((uint16_t)0x0002) |
| #define | PHY_DUPLEX_STATUS ((uint16_t)0x0004) |
| #define | PHY_MICR_INT_EN ((uint16_t)0x0002) |
| #define | PHY_MICR_INT_OE ((uint16_t)0x0001) |
| #define | PHY_MISR_LINK_INT_EN ((uint16_t)0x0020) |
| #define | PHY_LINK_INTERRUPT ((uint16_t)0x2000) |
| #define | assert_param(expr) ((void)0) |
| Include module's header file. | |
HAL configuration file.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

Definition in file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define HSE_STARTUP_TIMEOUT ((uint32_t)5000) |
Time out for HSE start up, in ms
Definition at line 103 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define HSE_VALUE ((uint32_t)8000000) |
Adjust the value of External High Speed oscillator (HSE) used in your application. This value is used by the RCC HAL module to compute the system frequency (when HSE is used as system clock source, directly or through the PLL).
Value of the External oscillator in Hz
Definition at line 99 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define HSI_VALUE ((uint32_t)8000000) |
Internal High Speed oscillator (HSI) value. This value is used by the RCC HAL module to compute the system frequency (when HSI is used as system clock source, directly or through the PLL).
Value of the Internal oscillator in Hz
Definition at line 112 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define LSE_STARTUP_TIMEOUT ((uint32_t)5000) |
Time out for LSE start up, in ms
Definition at line 124 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define LSE_VALUE ((uint32_t)32768) |
External Low Speed oscillator (LSE) value. This value is used by the UART, RTC HAL module to compute the system frequency.
Value of the External oscillator in Hz
Definition at line 120 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_AUTONEGO_COMPLETE ((uint16_t)0x0020) |
Auto-Negotiation process completed
Definition at line 192 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_AUTONEGOTIATION ((uint16_t)0x1000) |
Enable auto-negotiation function
Definition at line 187 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_BCR ((uint16_t)0x00) |
Transceiver Basic Control Register
Definition at line 178 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_BSR ((uint16_t)0x01) |
Transceiver Basic Status Register
Definition at line 179 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_DUPLEX_STATUS ((uint16_t)0x0004) |
PHY Duplex mask
Definition at line 204 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_FULLDUPLEX_100M ((uint16_t)0x2100) |
Set the full-duplex mode at 100 Mb/s
Definition at line 183 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_FULLDUPLEX_10M ((uint16_t)0x0100) |
Set the full-duplex mode at 10 Mb/s
Definition at line 185 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_HALFDUPLEX_100M ((uint16_t)0x2000) |
Set the half-duplex mode at 100 Mb/s
Definition at line 184 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_HALFDUPLEX_10M ((uint16_t)0x0000) |
Set the half-duplex mode at 10 Mb/s
Definition at line 186 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_ISOLATE ((uint16_t)0x0400) |
Isolate PHY from MII
Definition at line 190 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_JABBER_DETECTION ((uint16_t)0x0002) |
Jabber condition detected
Definition at line 194 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_LINK_INTERRUPT ((uint16_t)0x2000) |
PHY link status interrupt mask
Definition at line 210 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_LINK_STATUS ((uint16_t)0x0001) |
PHY Link mask
Definition at line 202 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_LINKED_STATUS ((uint16_t)0x0004) |
Valid link established
Definition at line 193 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_LOOPBACK ((uint16_t)0x4000) |
Select loop-back mode
Definition at line 182 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_MICR ((uint16_t)0x11) |
MII Interrupt Control Register
Definition at line 199 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_MICR_INT_EN ((uint16_t)0x0002) |
PHY Enable interrupts
Definition at line 206 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_MICR_INT_OE ((uint16_t)0x0001) |
PHY Enable output interrupt events
Definition at line 207 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_MISR ((uint16_t)0x12) |
MII Interrupt Status and Misc. Control Register
Definition at line 200 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_MISR_LINK_INT_EN ((uint16_t)0x0020) |
Enable Interrupt on change of link status
Definition at line 209 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_POWERDOWN ((uint16_t)0x0800) |
Select the power down mode
Definition at line 189 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_RESET ((uint16_t)0x8000) |
PHY Reset
Definition at line 181 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_RESTART_AUTONEGOTIATION ((uint16_t)0x0200) |
Restart auto-negotiation function
Definition at line 188 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_SPEED_STATUS ((uint16_t)0x0002) |
PHY Speed mask
Definition at line 203 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define PHY_SR ((uint16_t)0x10) |
PHY status register Offset
Definition at line 198 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define TICK_INT_PRIORITY ((uint32_t)0) |
tick interrupt priority (lowest by default)
Definition at line 135 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.
| #define VDD_VALUE ((uint32_t)3300) |
This is the HAL system configuration section.
Value of VDD in mv
Definition at line 134 of file stm32f1xx_hal_conf.h.


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I'm a recovering architect who is currently working in the construction project management field. Working remotely is aligned with my life style. I enjoy learning new skills and always wanted to learn how to code. Finally the opportunity to do so presented itself for the first time and I decided to give it a try.
I have many interests.


|
QuantLib: a free/open-source library for quantitative finance
Fully annotated sources - version 1.30
|
Files | |
| file | andreasenhugelocalvoladapter.cpp [code] |
| file | andreasenhugelocalvoladapter.hpp [code] |
| Implements the LocalVolTermStructure interface based on a Andreasen-Huge volatility interpolation. | |
| file | andreasenhugevolatilityadapter.cpp [code] |
| file | andreasenhugevolatilityadapter.hpp [code] |
| Implements the BlackVolTermStructure interface based on a Andreasen-Huge volatility interpolation. | |
| file | andreasenhugevolatilityinterpl.cpp [code] |
| file | andreasenhugevolatilityinterpl.hpp [code] |
| Andreasen-Huge local volatility calibration and interpolation. | |
| file | blackconstantvol.hpp [code] |
| Black constant volatility, no time dependence, no strike dependence. | |
| file | blackvariancecurve.cpp [code] |
| file | blackvariancecurve.hpp [code] |
| Black volatility curve modelled as variance curve. | |
| file | blackvariancesurface.cpp [code] |
| file | blackvariancesurface.hpp [code] |
| Black volatility surface modelled as variance surface. | |
| file | blackvoltermstructure.cpp [code] |
| file | blackvoltermstructure.hpp [code] |
| Black volatility term structure base classes. | |
| file | fixedlocalvolsurface.cpp [code] |
| file | fixedlocalvolsurface.hpp [code] |
| Local volatility surface based on fixed values plus interpolation. | |
| file | gridmodellocalvolsurface.cpp [code] |
| file | gridmodellocalvolsurface.hpp [code] |
| Parameterized volatility surface useful for model calibration. | |
| file | hestonblackvolsurface.cpp [code] |
| file | hestonblackvolsurface.hpp [code] |
| Black volatility surface back by Heston model. | |
| file | impliedvoltermstructure.hpp [code] |
| Implied Black Vol Term Structure. | |
| file | localconstantvol.hpp [code] |
| Local constant volatility, no time dependence, no asset dependence. | |
| file | localvolcurve.hpp [code] |
| Local volatility curve derived from a Black curve. | |
| file | localvolsurface.cpp [code] |
| file | localvolsurface.hpp [code] |
| Local volatility surface derived from a Black vol surface. | |
| file | localvoltermstructure.cpp [code] |
| file | localvoltermstructure.hpp [code] |
| Local volatility term structure base class. | |
| file | noexceptlocalvolsurface.hpp [code] |
| wrapper around Dupire local volatility surface, which does not throw exception if local volatility becomes negative | |


Class FindDebts
The model that represent a debt search query
Inheritance
System.Object
FindDebts
Assembly: InvisibleCollectorLib.dll
Syntax
public class FindDebts : Model
Properties
|
Improve this Doc
View Source
FromDate
The debt date lower limit. Only the years, month and days are considered.
Declaration
public DateTime? FromDate { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type |
Description |
| System.Nullable<DateTime> |
|
|
Improve this Doc
View Source
FromDueDate
The due debt date lower limit. Only the years, month and days are considered.
Declaration
public DateTime? FromDueDate { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type |
Description |
| System.Nullable<DateTime> |
|
|
Improve this Doc
View Source
Number
Declaration
public string Number { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type |
Description |
| System.String |
|
|
Improve this Doc
View Source
SendableFields
Declaration
protected override ISet<string> SendableFields { get; }
Property Value
| Type |
Description |
| ISet<System.String> |
|
Overrides
|
Improve this Doc
View Source
ToDate
The debt date higher limit. Only the years, month and days are considered.
Declaration
public DateTime? ToDate { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type |
Description |
| System.Nullable<DateTime> |
|
|
Improve this Doc
View Source
ToDueDate
The due debt date higher limit. Only the years, month and days are considered.
Declaration
public DateTime? ToDueDate { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type |
Description |
| System.Nullable<DateTime> |
|
Methods
|
Improve this Doc
View Source
Equals(Object)
Declaration
public override bool Equals(object other)
Parameters
| Type |
Name |
Description |
| System.Object |
other |
|
Returns
| Type |
Description |
| System.Boolean |
|
Overrides
|
Improve this Doc
View Source
GetHashCode()
Declaration
public override int GetHashCode()
Returns
| Type |
Description |
| System.Int32 |
|
Overrides
Operators
|
Improve this Doc
View Source
Equality(FindDebts, FindDebts)
Declaration
public static bool operator ==(FindDebts left, FindDebts right)
Parameters
Returns
| Type |
Description |
| System.Boolean |
|
|
Improve this Doc
View Source
Inequality(FindDebts, FindDebts)
Declaration
public static bool operator !=(FindDebts left, FindDebts right)
Parameters
Returns
| Type |
Description |
| System.Boolean |
|


Woman in Argentina caught with 9 pounds of marijuana hidden inside fake baby bump
by WABCARGENTINA -- A woman was arrested in Argentina after she was caught smuggling nine pounds of marijuana in a fake wearable stomach made to look like she was pregnant.
Investigators detained her as she crossed the border into Chile. They found two bricks of weed in her bag and 15 more being held together with paste inside the fake baby bump.
She is now facing charges of drug smuggling.


UP: House where Indira Gandhi was born gets Rs 4.35 crore tax notice
The tax has been imposed under non-residential category and has not been paid since 2013, according to an official.
by ANIPrayagraj: Anand Bhawan in Uttar Pradesh's Prayagraj, where former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was born, has been served a Rs. 4.35 crore house tax notice.
The tax has been imposed under non-residential category and has not been paid since 2013, according to an official.
Anand Bhawan has been home to the Gandhi family and is run by Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Trust headed by Congress president Sonia Gandhi..
P K Mishra, chief tax assessment officer, Prayagraj Municipal Corporation, told news agency ANI that the notice has been served under provisions of the Municipal Corporation Act and Property Tax rules.
"We conducted a survey to decide the amount of tax. We also invited objection on the assessment but received none. Then, we finalised our assessment and sent the notice," Mishra said.
Speaking to ANI, former PMC mayor Chaudhary Jitendra Nath Singh said that tax cannot be imposed on Anand Bhawan as Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Trust is exempted from all type of taxes.
"The imposition of tax on Anand Bhawan is wrong. The building comes under Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Trust which is exempted from taxes. This is a monument of Independence struggle and a museum of memorabilia. This is a centre of education," he said.
Abhya Awasthi, a resident of the city, alleged that the tax has been imposed as part of political vendetta by the BJP government.
"Anand Bhawan is a temple of freedom struggle. The imposition of tax is in line with BJP's agenda for Congress-free India and Nehru-free world. This has been done on instruction of the government," he said.
Catch the latest news, live coverage and in-depth analyses from India and World. Follow us on Facebook and Twitter.


Visit /hello to test the example http endpoint, without any content.
Paste or enter some text content to submit to the /hello endpoint.
/hello


Work with innovative builders and architects to create open-source plans for regenerative buildings.
Get Early AccessThinking about building off-grid. Want to build an earthship, cob, strawbale, aircrete dome? Find others who share your interests and come together to design the regenerative building of your dreams.
Form a DAO and combine funds to hire a builder to work with your community. Grid0 works with some of the most innovative builders, designers and architects in the off-grid, natural building space. We’ll help you recruit a builder to work with to come up with your plans.
Using DAO mechanics and on-chain voting, work as a community to form consensus and produce designs.
All designs are made available as open-source and creative commons, free
for anyone to use.


Why You Need To Invest In Tests
As an engineering manager have you ever been on a project where your developers are far too scared to touch a line of code? How long is your manual quality assurance team spending on regression efforts? How many users are complaining features, new and old, are breaking when they’re trying to use them? How often is your boss coming to you asking why in the world your team’s progress seems to be either slowing, or even worse, going backwards? I’ll admit that I’ve been on many teams with this nightmarish fear; we moved slow, we broke things, we wanted to start again.
Building a deck without sealing it
I like to think of the analogy of building a deck but not sealing it. Sure you can go and spend 2 months building a deck, then start building & installing railings. Then you might move onto building the planter boxes. But in the 3 months you spent building all these auxiliary features your deck has degraded because you didn’t seal it. If you had of put a seal on it your previous work would of remained in tact even though you were carrying on building items on top of it.
Code is just like this analogy, it rots. It degrades over time the more change that builds up around it. This is why it is good to invest time, effort and lets face it, money, into securing the efforts we have previously put in.
Welcome to tests
Tests ensure what you’re inspecting produces the expected outcome. They come in many forms, but my prime focus will be on unit testing. Essentially unit tests are a way to ensure that a particular input generates a particular output. Unit tests are a means of testing isolated units of code to ensure they are meeting expectations. So let’s take some code as an example:
func sayGreeting(Bool isMorning) -> String {
return isMorning ? "Good Morning!" : "Night Night!"
}
Now this example may not even be that far removed from something you might actually see in your code base. A simple bit of logic that produces a specific outcome. Its simple, but very much a common application. Let’s just see what a test would look like to ensure that this method will only ever return the input that it gets sent:
func testSayGreetingReturnExpectedGreeting() {
XCTAssertEqual(sayGreeting(true), "Good Morning!")
XCTAssertEqual(sayGreeting(false), "Night Night!")
}
You can see that we test both the true and false inputs to ensure the outputs are indeed saying goodnight when its night. It means if we ever change this method to do something additional, these tests should break! For example:
func sayGreeting(Bool isMorning) -> String {
return isMorning ? "Good Morg!" : "nigh nigh!"
}
Would fail these tests, in both cases.
Writing code then tests
So when do we write tests? Sometimes developers will write tests after the fact. However that can be risky from many perspectives. The biggest issue is that we’re human. Instead of analyzing the business rules that should be tested, instead we start to examine what the code does and write tests that simply cover what we’ve written. Let’s look at a simple example you may see in your code base, then we’ll look at all the possibilities where this could go wrong.
func formatCurrency(currencyCode: String, amount: Double) -> String {
return String(format<EMAIL_ADDRESS>currencyCode, angle)
}
You can see here that we take in a currencyCode and then an amount and return a formatted price with two decimals. So from this example you can start to gather some expectations simply based on the method signature and return type. Let’s break these expectations down:
- Must have a currency symbol
- Must only have two decimal places
- Must have two decimal places even if the number is a whole number
- Currency code can have many characters
- Must return concatenation of both inputs to form a string
- Currency code can be 0 length
So we have many expectations of what this method can return. Obviously the above code block doesn’t cater to all of these expectations; which is why…. writing code first sets false expectations. This is also why writing tests first ensures that we cater to all the business needs as well as acting as enforcers for proper implementation code to be written.
Test Driven Development
You’ve seen how wrong the above formatCurrency function could end up, simply by missing so many expectations. So how should we write our code? Red to Green.
Welcome to Test driven development (TDD). TDD is a development paradigm whereby logic is built up in test cases initially. These test cases are run against missing implementations, in turn, they fail, the tests return red. Once all expectations are defined in tests for a particular unit of code then implementation begins. The unit test cases are continuously run (sometimes even automatically once save is pressed) against the implementation. It can then be defined that once all test cases pass then the implementation is complete.
The beauty of working in this environment is that you’re actually investing in security whilst also working off of a template for your implementation. This goes one step further, lets assume your team has exceptional test coverage as you’ve been doing TDD for quite sometime. If your implementation somehow introduces side effects into the code base, in that other units of code are affected by the output or changes your code introduces, the test cases of these implementations will also alert you that you’ve broken their contracts!
Pushback on TDD as an EM
Here are some items of challenge you may receive in your position as an engineering manager:
-
TDD is too slow, I just want to code and ship this thing!
This is all well and good, but is this person investing their money in this product? Will they be here 10 years from now to help maintain the code they are writing? You want to ensure your code has longevity and don’t think that comes from just readability. Readability in itself is not longevity of code, architecture is not longevity of code; both of these items introduce efficiencies for future developers, but that isn’t longevity. longevity of code is code that doesn’t rot. It’s code that people aren’t afraid to touch, no matter how readable it seemingly may be. Readability can escalate to “this one line fix is simple”… to an over the weekend outage quite easily. Without tests, you have an uninsured investment. Make no mistake of this.
-
I’ll write the tests in the next sprint or as a fast follow
Well there’s a red flag already. The tests were not written side by side with the code in the first place. How are you so sure all the proper logic has been baked in and edge cases thought of without putting the logic and cases in isolation? Push back and demand excellence from your developers. Challenge them that no code should be introduced that does not have the proper insurance placed upon it. Sure their code may run, but who’s to say a merge conflict shortly after may in fact break their code?
-
I didn’t write tests in my last job, we got stuff out the door faster than Amazon prime!
This is an easy one. Ask how they think the developers feel that took their job at their last organization? How would they like to operate in a codebase with no security that what they’re touching isn’t going to introduce some unwanted, no, just any side effect. I would like to hear the justification of this. If there is no resolution start gathering data on how many defects come back from the stories without tests. This includes other developers breaking their code. This will tell you how valuable those tests would of been and make the case for investment.
-
This is just throwaway code anyway!
I mean, a hotfix or a patch happens. Some requirement wasn’t captured, a developer or QA member didn’t read the acceptance criteria properly and something got out into regression that was unexpected. I understand you want to fix fast and move forward.   Don’t let it in unless you have a security guard protecting the interests of that logic. No tests, you’re not coming in. Ultimately, your job is to ensure results, lets make these results be a high defect count.


Sia
Awesome singer
Sia performing at South by Southwest in 2008
Here's a time line of Sia's life:
1975–97: Early life and career beginnings
1997–2006: Zero 7, Healing Is Difficult and Colour the Small One
2007–09: Some People Have Real Problems
2009–13: We Are Born, songwriting career and worldwide recognition
2013–present: 1000 Forms of Fear, This Is Acting and Sister
Check Sia's discography
here
.


class TMail::Address
parse(str)
-> TMail::Address | TMail::AddressGroup
str: String
parses the string and creates a new TMail::Address
object.
If the string does not follow the standard internet address format, a
TMail::SyntaxError
exception is raised.
new(locals, domains)
-> TMail::Address | TMail::AddressGroup
locals: [String]
domains: [String]
creates a new TMail::Address
object consisting of the local part,
LOCALS and domain part domains.
address_group?
-> true | false
returns false.
spec
-> String
an address spec ("....@....").
routes
-> [String]
delivery routes. Strings do not include character "@".
name
-> String
phrase
-> String
short description for this address (e.g. real name).
encoded(eol = "\r\n", encoding = 'j')
-> String
eol: String
encoding: String
converts this object into MIME-encoded string.
to_s(eol = "\n", encoding = 'e')
-> String
decoded(eol = "\n", encoding = 'e')
-> String
eol: String
encoding: String
converts this object into decoded string.
==(other)
-> true | false
other: Object
judge if self equals to other by inspecting addr-spec string (#spec). #name and #routes never affects the return value.
class TMail::AddressGroup
new(name, addrs)
-> TMail::AddressGroup
name: String
addrs: [TMail::Address | TMail::AddressGroup]
creates new TMail::AddressGroup
object.
NAME is the name of this group, addrs is addresses
which belongs to this group.
address_group?
-> true | false
returns true.
name
-> String
the human readable name of this group.
addresses
-> [TMail::Address | TMail::AddressGroup]
addresses which belongs to this group.
to_a
-> [TMail::Address | TMail::AddressGroup]
to_ary
-> [TMail::Address | TMail::AddressGroup]
equals to addresses.dup
.
flatten
-> [TMail::Address]
flatten this group into one level of array of TMail::Address
.
add(addr)
push(addr)
addr: TMail::Address | TMail::AddressGroup
adds an address or an address group to this group.
delete(addr)
addr: TMail::Address | TMail::AddressGroup
removes ADDR from this group.
each {|a| .... }
a: TMail::Address | TMail::AddressGroup
equals to addresses.each {|a| .... }
.
each_address {|a| .... }
equals to flatten.each {|a| .... }
encoded(eol = "\r\n", encoding = 'j')
-> String
eol: String
encoding: String
converts this object into MIME-encoded string.
decoded(eol = "\n", encoding = 'e')
-> String
eol: String
encoding: String
converts this object into decoded string.
==(other)
-> true | false
eql?(other)
-> true | false
other: Object
judges if self is equal to OTHER, by comparing self.addresses
and
other.addresses
. (self.name
is meanless)


This page describes the PyroCMS coding standards that all developers (core or module) should adhere to.
All files should be in UTF-8 format WITHOUT the BOM. You should always use Unix style line endings (LF). You can set Git to auto-fix the line endings.
Click here for more information
All tabs should be real tabs, not spaces (a.k.a. “soft-tabs”). This allows each developer to choose his/her own tab size.
Use Allman style indenting. With the exception of Class declarations, braces are always placed on a line by themselves, and indented at the same level as the control statement that “owns” them.
Correct
class Module_name {
public function method_name()
{
foreach($array as $item)
{
// Code here
}
}
}
In-Correct
class Module_name {
public function method_name() {
foreach($array as $item) {
// Code here
}
}
}
The closing tag at the end of a file should always be omitted. This ensures that no accidental output is sent before you want it to be.
Instead, mark the end of the file using the following comment style:
/* End of file filename.php */
Always use visibility declarations on all class methods and variables.
Correct
class Module_name {
public $property;
protected $other_property;
private $_ci;
public function method_name()
{
}
}
In-Correct
class Module_name {
var $property;
var $other_property;
var $_ci;
function method_name()
{
}
}
Class names should always have their first letter uppercase. Use the PHP 5 __construct() function for constructors unless absolutely necessary. Multiple words should be separated with an underscore, and not CamelCased. All other class methods should be entirely lowercased and named to clearly indicate their function.
Example
class Module_name {
public function __construct()
{
// Construct Logic
}
public function method_name()
{
// Method Logic
}
}
All variable names should describe what they are without being overly verbose. They should be only contain letters, numbers and underscores (no CamelCase).
All private variables within a class should have their name begin with an underscore. This helps reduce confusion later in the code.
Correct
public $user_name;
public $password;
protected $bio;
private $_password_hash;
In-Correct
public $UserName; // CamelCased
public $this_users_password; // Too verbose
protected $b; // Not Descriptive
private $password_hash; // Missing the first underscore


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my name is
Ravi Saxena
Full Stack Developer. Love Front-end. Love C++.
Currently studying at
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Git Basics
When I started getting involved with more complex front-end development work, I was staunchly against using the terminal for anything. I would seek out programs that would allow me to interact with services like GitHub through a graphical user interface rather than having to use the command line. It made no sense to me at the time why anyone would use the command line to carry out any task whatsoever. It seemed like it would be impossible to be more efficient by typing in commands and having to remember folder structures and filenames. However, once I got deeper and deeper into front-end work, it became apparent that in order to fully utilize tools such as GruntJS and Git, (which provided invaluable efficiencies in my overall workflow), I would need to practice my command line skills.
This post just outlines a few git commands I use within Terminal on a regular basis and is by no means a comprehensive overview of everything you can do with Git. The first thing to start off with is having an existing Git project on your local machine and syncing it up with a new repository on GitHub.
Adding an existing git project to GitHub
If you already have a project on your computer that has been initialized with git, then you're already halfway there. After you're done adding your files to staging and have created your first commit, go to GitHub and create a new repository. After navigating to your repository page on GitHub, you will need to copy the URL in the address bar.
After you've copied the URL, you can go back to Terminal and navigate to the root of your git project. Once there, put the following commands into the Terminal:
git remote add origin remote repository URL
After that, then just verify with the below command:
git remote -v
Lastly, push your first commit to the remote repository and then you should see the changes up on GitHub:
git push origin master
The last bit of code can also be used in future pushes to send your changes to GitHub when you have new commits.
Adding and committing
One of the most common tasks you will do with git is add altered documents to staging and then commit those changes. I haven't yet found a reason for myself to add only specific files to a commit, so I always just add all files to each commit. I used to do these in separate add and commit commands in the beginning, but there's a much easier way to go about this with both adding and committing all in the same command:
git commit -a -m "your title here" -m "your description here"
This line of code is essentially completing the two tasks in one command. You are automatically pushing all of your changes into the commit with the "-a" argument and then you are adding both the commit title and description with the two "-m" arguments.
Pushing your commits to GitHub
So once you've made your commit, you're happy with the current state of your files, and you're ready to push the changes to GitHub, you'll need a command in order to facilitate the transfer of those changes to your remote repository. This is actually quite simple and was mentioned earlier in this note:
git push origin master
And there you go, you're done! All of your changes will be pushed to GitHub and the commit will be synced with your remote repository. The only thing to keep in mind before doing this, (or before starting to edit your files in the first place), is to check the status of the repository using:
git status
This will enable you to make sure that you are either up to date with the remote repository on GitHub or that you are ahead of it and ready to push your changes to GitHub. If you find that your local repository is behind the remote repository you can use:
git pull
Once you execute that command in Terminal, it will pull all of the changes from the most up to date commit so you can be sure you are working on the most recent files.
That's it and I hope this post helps others as much as it helps to remind me of what to do when working with Git.


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Editorial: DPP flaws open door for permit abuse to build ‘monster homes’ | Honolulu Star-Advertiser
The really monstrous thing about the “monster homes” is that there was a way to stop them from being built. Unfortunately, the city agency in charge of regulation has failed to do its job. Read more
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Preparation time
overnight
Cooking time
over 2 hours
Serves
Serves 6-8
James Martin ditches the Christmas turkey in favour of a failsafe step-by-step roast beef recipe with all the trimmings. Start your preparations the night before to avoid last-minute stress.
First prepare the Yorkshire pudding batter. Pour the flour into a large mixing bowl. Make a well in the centre, then whisk in the eggs one at a time, bringing in the flour from the insides of the well as you do so.
Gradually whisk in the milk until the batter is smooth and well combined. Season with salt and pepper, then cover the bowl and chill in the fridge overnight.
You can also prepare the vegetables a day in advance. Bring a large pan of salted water to the boil. Prepare a large bowl of iced water. Add the cauliflower florets to the boiling water and boil for 4-5 minutes, or until perfectly tender. Remove from the pan using a slotted spoon and plunge into the bowl of iced water. Set aside until the florets have cooled (this will prevent them from continuing to cook). Drain, transfer to a roasting tray and set aside.
Repeat the process with the French beans, simmering them for just 2-3 minutes. Add the drained, cooled beans to the tray.
Repeat the process with the broccoli florets, simmering them for 1-2 minutes. Add the drained, cooled broccoli to the tray.
Repeat the process with the carrot batons, simmering them for 6-7 minutes. Add the drained, cooled carrot to the tray.
This will ensure you have all the vegetables prepared and perfectly cooked ready to reheat on the day. Chill all of the vegetables, covered, in the roasting tray (or in a re-sealable food bag or plastic container) until needed.
On Christmas Day, prepare the beef. Preheat the oven to 200C/180C Fan/Gas 6.
Score the fat of the beef in a criss-cross pattern using a sharp knife, then season the beef generously with salt and pepper.
Heat a frying pan over a high heat. When the pan is very hot, add 25g/1oz of the beef dripping and, when it has melted, fry the beef on all sides until browned all over.
Place the beef joint, fat side facing downwards, into a roasting tray and roast for 45-50 minutes (for medium-rare) or longer until cooked to your liking – although bear in mind that the meat will continue to cook as it rests. Turn the beef joint halfway through the cooking time. When the beef is cooked to your liking, transfer it to a large plate, cover with aluminium foil and set aside to rest for 30 minutes.
Meanwhile for the gravy, return the frying pan containing the meat juices to a medium heat and, when it is hot, add the wine. Bring the mixture to a simmer and continue to simmer until the volume of liquid has reduced by half.
Add the beef stock and return the mixture to a simmer, simmering until the volume of liquid has reduced by one-third, then season with salt and pepper. Strain the gravy into a jug or gravy boat. Cover and keep warm until needed (you may need to reheat it before serving).
Next, make the roast potatoes. Place the potatoes into a large saucepan, cover with cold water, add a pinch of salt and bring to the boil. Reduce the heat until the water is simmering and simmer the potatoes for 3-4 minutes. Drain the potatoes using a colander and shake them around a little in the colander to roughen the edges. Set aside.
When the beef has only 35 minutes left to cook, put 100g/3½oz of the remaining beef dripping or lard into a deep-sided roasting tray. Heat the fat in the oven for 5 minutes, or until smoking hot.
Carefully add the cooked, drained potatoes to the hot fat, making sure you keep your face as far away from the roasting tray as possible in case the fat spits. Season the potatoes with sea salt, then return the roasting tray to the oven. Roast the potatoes with the beef for 30 minutes, or until they are starting to turn golden-brown and crisp.
Turn the potatoes over after you remove the beef from the oven, then increase the oven temperature to 220C/200C Fan/Gas 7 and roast the potatoes for a further 30 minutes.
As soon as you have turned the potatoes over, divide 100g/3¾oz of the remaining dripping or lard equally among the holes of two 12-hole muffin tins or Yorkshire pudding tins. Heat the fat in the oven for 10 minutes, or until smoking hot.
Meanwhile, transfer the Yorkshire pudding batter to a jug. Carefully pour the Yorkshire pudding batter into the tins, filling each hole two-thirds full. Bake the Yorkshire puddings in the oven with the roast potatoes for the final 20 minutes that the potatoes should have left to cook, making sure you do not reopen the oven door.
After 20 minutes, open the oven door slightly to allow any steam to escape. Remove the potatoes, which should be ready now (prick them with a sharp knife to check they are tender in the middle). Transfer to a serving dish and keep warm.
Reduce the oven temperature to 190C/170C Fan/Gas 5. Continue to cook the Yorkshire puddings at this temperature for a further 12-15 minutes, or until crisp, risen and golden-brown. Transfer to a serving dish and keep warm.
For the Brussels sprouts, heat the remaining dripping or lard in a large frying pan over a medium heat. Add the bacon and fry for 3-4 minutes, or until crisp and golden-brown.
Add the sprouts and stir-fry for 2-3 minutes, or until just wilted. Add the chopped chestnuts, half of the butter and 2 tablespoons of water, then stir-fry until the chestnuts have heated through and the liquid has evaporated. Season with salt and pepper. Remove from the heat and keep warm.
Finally, bring a large saucepan of salted water to the boil, add all of the blanched vegetables and simmer for 30 seconds, or until heated through. Drain well and transfer to a serving platter, dotted with the remaining butter.
Serve the beef on a platter, surrounded by the roast potatoes on one side and the Brussels sprouts on the other. Serve the vegetables on a separate platter and the sauce in a gravy boat.