AWS::RDS::DBInstance
The AWS::RDS::DBInstance
resource creates an Amazon DB instance. The new DB instance can be an RDS DB instance, or it can be a DB instance
in an Aurora DB cluster.
For more information about creating an RDS DB instance, see Creating an Amazon RDS DB instance in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
For more information about creating a DB instance in an Aurora DB cluster, see Creating an Amazon Aurora DB cluster in the Amazon Aurora User Guide.
If you import an existing DB instance, and the template configuration doesn't match the actual configuration of the DB instance, AWS CloudFormation applies the changes in the template during the import operation.
If a DB instance is deleted or replaced during an update, AWS CloudFormation deletes all automated snapshots. However, it retains manual DB snapshots. During an update that requires replacement, you can apply a stack policy to prevent DB instances from being replaced. For more information, see Prevent Updates to Stack Resources.
Updating DB instances
When properties labeled "Update requires: Replacement" are updated, AWS CloudFormation first creates a replacement DB instance, then changes references from other dependent resources to point to the replacement DB instance, and finally deletes the old DB instance.
We highly recommend that you take a snapshot of the database before updating the stack. If you don't, you lose the data when AWS CloudFormation replaces your DB instance. To preserve your data, perform the following procedure:
-
Deactivate any applications that are using the DB instance so that there's no activity on the DB instance.
-
Create a snapshot of the DB instance. For more information, see Creating a DB Snapshot.
-
If you want to restore your instance using a DB snapshot, modify the updated template with your DB instance changes and add the
DBSnapshotIdentifier
property with the ID of the DB snapshot that you want to use.After you restore a DB instance with a
DBSnapshotIdentifier
property, you must specify the sameDBSnapshotIdentifier
property for any future updates to the DB instance. When you specify this property for an update, the DB instance is not restored from the DB snapshot again, and the data in the database is not changed. However, if you don't specify theDBSnapshotIdentifier
property, an empty DB instance is created, and the original DB instance is deleted. If you specify a property that is different from the previous snapshot restore property, a new DB instance is restored from the specifiedDBSnapshotIdentifier
property, and the original DB instance is deleted. -
Update the stack.
For more information about updating other properties of this resource, see
ModifyDBInstance
. For more information about updating stacks,
see AWS
CloudFormation Stacks Updates.
Deleting DB instances
For DB instances that are part of an Aurora DB cluster, you can set a deletion policy
for your DB instance to control how AWS CloudFormation handles the DB instance when the
stack is deleted. For Amazon RDS DB instances, you can choose to
retain the DB instance, to delete the DB
instance, or to create a snapshot of the DB instance. The default
AWS CloudFormation behavior depends on the DBClusterIdentifier
property:
-
For
AWS::RDS::DBInstance
resources that don't specify theDBClusterIdentifier
property, AWS CloudFormation saves a snapshot of the DB instance. -
For
AWS::RDS::DBInstance
resources that do specify theDBClusterIdentifier
property, AWS CloudFormation deletes the DB instance.
For more information, see DeletionPolicy Attribute.
Syntax
To declare this entity in your AWS CloudFormation template, use the following syntax:
JSON
{ "Type" : "AWS::RDS::DBInstance", "Properties" : { "AllocatedStorage" :
String
, "AllowMajorVersionUpgrade" :Boolean
, "AssociatedRoles" :[ DBInstanceRole, ... ]
, "AutoMinorVersionUpgrade" :Boolean
, "AvailabilityZone" :String
, "BackupRetentionPeriod" :Integer
, "CACertificateIdentifier" :String
, "CertificateDetails" :CertificateDetails
, "CertificateRotationRestart" :Boolean
, "CharacterSetName" :String
, "CopyTagsToSnapshot" :Boolean
, "CustomIAMInstanceProfile" :String
, "DBClusterIdentifier" :String
, "DBClusterSnapshotIdentifier" :String
, "DBInstanceClass" :String
, "DBInstanceIdentifier" :String
, "DBName" :String
, "DBParameterGroupName" :String
, "DBSecurityGroups" :[ String, ... ]
, "DBSnapshotIdentifier" :String
, "DBSubnetGroupName" :String
, "DeleteAutomatedBackups" :Boolean
, "DeletionProtection" :Boolean
, "Domain" :String
, "DomainIAMRoleName" :String
, "EnableCloudwatchLogsExports" :[ String, ... ]
, "EnableIAMDatabaseAuthentication" :Boolean
, "EnablePerformanceInsights" :Boolean
, "Endpoint" :Endpoint
, "Engine" :String
, "EngineVersion" :String
, "Iops" :Integer
, "KmsKeyId" :String
, "LicenseModel" :String
, "ManageMasterUserPassword" :Boolean
, "MasterUsername" :String
, "MasterUserPassword" :String
, "MasterUserSecret" :MasterUserSecret
, "MaxAllocatedStorage" :Integer
, "MonitoringInterval" :Integer
, "MonitoringRoleArn" :String
, "MultiAZ" :Boolean
, "NcharCharacterSetName" :String
, "NetworkType" :String
, "OptionGroupName" :String
, "PerformanceInsightsKMSKeyId" :String
, "PerformanceInsightsRetentionPeriod" :Integer
, "Port" :String
, "PreferredBackupWindow" :String
, "PreferredMaintenanceWindow" :String
, "ProcessorFeatures" :[ ProcessorFeature, ... ]
, "PromotionTier" :Integer
, "PubliclyAccessible" :Boolean
, "ReplicaMode" :String
, "RestoreTime" :String
, "SourceDBInstanceAutomatedBackupsArn" :String
, "SourceDBInstanceIdentifier" :String
, "SourceDbiResourceId" :String
, "SourceRegion" :String
, "StorageEncrypted" :Boolean
, "StorageThroughput" :Integer
, "StorageType" :String
, "Tags" :[ Tag, ... ]
, "Timezone" :String
, "UseDefaultProcessorFeatures" :Boolean
, "UseLatestRestorableTime" :Boolean
, "VPCSecurityGroups" :[ String, ... ]
} }
YAML
Type: AWS::RDS::DBInstance Properties: AllocatedStorage:
String
AllowMajorVersionUpgrade:Boolean
AssociatedRoles:- DBInstanceRole
AutoMinorVersionUpgrade:Boolean
AvailabilityZone:String
BackupRetentionPeriod:Integer
CACertificateIdentifier:String
CertificateDetails:CertificateDetails
CertificateRotationRestart:Boolean
CharacterSetName:String
CopyTagsToSnapshot:Boolean
CustomIAMInstanceProfile:String
DBClusterIdentifier:String
DBClusterSnapshotIdentifier:String
DBInstanceClass:String
DBInstanceIdentifier:String
DBName:String
DBParameterGroupName:String
DBSecurityGroups:- String
DBSnapshotIdentifier:String
DBSubnetGroupName:String
DeleteAutomatedBackups:Boolean
DeletionProtection:Boolean
Domain:String
DomainIAMRoleName:String
EnableCloudwatchLogsExports:- String
EnableIAMDatabaseAuthentication:Boolean
EnablePerformanceInsights:Boolean
Endpoint:Endpoint
Engine:String
EngineVersion:String
Iops:Integer
KmsKeyId:String
LicenseModel:String
ManageMasterUserPassword:Boolean
MasterUsername:String
MasterUserPassword:String
MasterUserSecret:MasterUserSecret
MaxAllocatedStorage:Integer
MonitoringInterval:Integer
MonitoringRoleArn:String
MultiAZ:Boolean
NcharCharacterSetName:String
NetworkType:String
OptionGroupName:String
PerformanceInsightsKMSKeyId:String
PerformanceInsightsRetentionPeriod:Integer
Port:String
PreferredBackupWindow:String
PreferredMaintenanceWindow:String
ProcessorFeatures:- ProcessorFeature
PromotionTier:Integer
PubliclyAccessible:Boolean
ReplicaMode:String
RestoreTime:String
SourceDBInstanceAutomatedBackupsArn:String
SourceDBInstanceIdentifier:String
SourceDbiResourceId:String
SourceRegion:String
StorageEncrypted:Boolean
StorageThroughput:Integer
StorageType:String
Tags:- Tag
Timezone:String
UseDefaultProcessorFeatures:Boolean
UseLatestRestorableTime:Boolean
VPCSecurityGroups:- String
Properties
AllocatedStorage
-
The amount of storage in gibibytes (GiB) to be initially allocated for the database instance.
Note If any value is set in the
Iops
parameter,AllocatedStorage
must be at least 100 GiB, which corresponds to the minimum Iops value of 1,000. If you increase theIops
value (in 1,000 IOPS increments), then you must also increase theAllocatedStorage
value (in 100-GiB increments).Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. Aurora cluster volumes automatically grow as the amount of data in your database increases, though you are only charged for the space that you use in an Aurora cluster volume.
MySQL
Constraints to the amount of storage for each storage type are the following:
General Purpose (SSD) storage (gp2): Must be an integer from 20 to 65536.
Provisioned IOPS storage (io1): Must be an integer from 100 to 65536.
Magnetic storage (standard): Must be an integer from 5 to 3072.
MariaDB
Constraints to the amount of storage for each storage type are the following:
General Purpose (SSD) storage (gp2): Must be an integer from 20 to 65536.
Provisioned IOPS storage (io1): Must be an integer from 100 to 65536.
Magnetic storage (standard): Must be an integer from 5 to 3072.
PostgreSQL
Constraints to the amount of storage for each storage type are the following:
General Purpose (SSD) storage (gp2): Must be an integer from 20 to 65536.
Provisioned IOPS storage (io1): Must be an integer from 100 to 65536.
Magnetic storage (standard): Must be an integer from 5 to 3072.
Oracle
Constraints to the amount of storage for each storage type are the following:
General Purpose (SSD) storage (gp2): Must be an integer from 20 to 65536.
Provisioned IOPS storage (io1): Must be an integer from 100 to 65536.
Magnetic storage (standard): Must be an integer from 10 to 3072.
SQL Server
Constraints to the amount of storage for each storage type are the following:
General Purpose (SSD) storage (gp2):
Enterprise and Standard editions: Must be an integer from 20 to 16384.
Web and Express editions: Must be an integer from 20 to 16384.
Provisioned IOPS storage (io1):
Enterprise and Standard editions: Must be an integer from 20 to 16384.
Web and Express editions: Must be an integer from 20 to 16384.
Magnetic storage (standard):
Enterprise and Standard editions: Must be an integer from 20 to 1024.
Web and Express editions: Must be an integer from 20 to 1024.
Required: Conditional
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
AllowMajorVersionUpgrade
-
A value that indicates whether major version upgrades are allowed. Changing this parameter doesn't result in an outage and the change is asynchronously applied as soon as possible.
Constraints: Major version upgrades must be allowed when specifying a value for the
EngineVersion
parameter that is a different major version than the DB instance's current version.Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: No interruption
AssociatedRoles
-
The AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) roles associated with the DB instance.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. The associated roles are managed by the DB cluster.
Required: No
Type: List of DBInstanceRole
Update requires: No interruption
AutoMinorVersionUpgrade
-
A value that indicates whether minor engine upgrades are applied automatically to the DB instance during the maintenance window. By default, minor engine upgrades are applied automatically.
Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: Some interruptions
AvailabilityZone
-
The Availability Zone (AZ) where the database will be created. For information on AWS Regions and Availability Zones, see Regions and Availability Zones.
Amazon Aurora
Each Aurora DB cluster hosts copies of its storage in three separate Availability Zones. Specify one of these Availability Zones. Aurora automatically chooses an appropriate Availability Zone if you don't specify one.
Default: A random, system-chosen Availability Zone in the endpoint's AWS Region.
Example:
us-east-1d
Constraint: The
AvailabilityZone
parameter can't be specified if the DB instance is a Multi-AZ deployment. The specified Availability Zone must be in the same AWS Region as the current endpoint.Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Some interruptions
BackupRetentionPeriod
-
The number of days for which automated backups are retained. Setting this parameter to a positive number enables backups. Setting this parameter to 0 disables automated backups.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. The retention period for automated backups is managed by the DB cluster.
Default: 1
Constraints:
-
Must be a value from 0 to 35
-
Can't be set to 0 if the DB instance is a source to read replicas
Required: No
Type: Integer
Update requires: Some interruptions
-
CACertificateIdentifier
-
The identifier of the CA certificate for this DB instance.
Note Specifying or updating this property triggers a reboot.
For more information about CA certificate identifiers for RDS DB engines, see Rotating Your SSL/TLS Certificate in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
For more information about CA certificate identifiers for Aurora DB engines, see Rotating Your SSL/TLS Certificate in the Amazon Aurora User Guide.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
CertificateDetails
-
The details of the DB instance's server certificate.
Required: No
Type: CertificateDetails
Update requires: No interruption
CertificateRotationRestart
-
A value that indicates whether the DB instance is restarted when you rotate your SSL/TLS certificate.
By default, the DB instance is restarted when you rotate your SSL/TLS certificate. The certificate is not updated until the DB instance is restarted.
Important Set this parameter only if you are not using SSL/TLS to connect to the DB instance.
If you are using SSL/TLS to connect to the DB instance, follow the appropriate instructions for your DB engine to rotate your SSL/TLS certificate:
-
For more information about rotating your SSL/TLS certificate for RDS DB engines, see Rotating Your SSL/TLS Certificate. in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
-
For more information about rotating your SSL/TLS certificate for Aurora DB engines, see Rotating Your SSL/TLS Certificate in the Amazon Aurora User Guide.
This setting doesn't apply to RDS Custom.
Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: No interruption
-
CharacterSetName
-
For supported engines, indicates that the DB instance should be associated with the specified character set.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. The character set is managed by the DB cluster. For more information, see AWS::RDS::DBCluster.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Replacement
CopyTagsToSnapshot
-
A value that indicates whether to copy tags from the DB instance to snapshots of the DB instance. By default, tags are not copied.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. Copying tags to snapshots is managed by the DB cluster. Setting this value for an Aurora DB instance has no effect on the DB cluster setting.
Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: No interruption
CustomIAMInstanceProfile
-
The instance profile associated with the underlying Amazon EC2 instance of an RDS Custom DB instance. The instance profile must meet the following requirements:
-
The profile must exist in your account.
-
The profile must have an IAM role that Amazon EC2 has permissions to assume.
-
The instance profile name and the associated IAM role name must start with the prefix
AWSRDSCustom
.
For the list of permissions required for the IAM role, see Configure IAM and your VPC in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
This setting is required for RDS Custom.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Replacement
-
DBClusterIdentifier
-
The identifier of the DB cluster that the instance will belong to.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Replacement
DBClusterSnapshotIdentifier
-
The identifier for the RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ DB cluster snapshot to restore from.
For more information on Multi-AZ DB clusters, see Multi-AZ DB cluster deployments in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
Constraints:
-
Must match the identifier of an existing Multi-AZ DB cluster snapshot.
-
Can't be specified when
DBSnapshotIdentifier
is specified. -
Must be specified when
DBSnapshotIdentifier
isn't specified. -
If you are restoring from a shared manual Multi-AZ DB cluster snapshot, the
DBClusterSnapshotIdentifier
must be the ARN of the shared snapshot. -
Can't be the identifier of an Aurora DB cluster snapshot.
-
Can't be the identifier of an RDS for PostgreSQL Multi-AZ DB cluster snapshot.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Some interruptions
-
DBInstanceClass
-
The compute and memory capacity of the DB instance, for example,
db.m4.large
. Not all DB instance classes are available in all AWS Regions, or for all database engines.For the full list of DB instance classes, and availability for your engine, see DB Instance Class in the Amazon RDS User Guide. For more information about DB instance class pricing and AWS Region support for DB instance classes, see Amazon RDS Pricing
. Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Some interruptions
DBInstanceIdentifier
-
A name for the DB instance. If you specify a name, AWS CloudFormation converts it to lowercase. If you don't specify a name, AWS CloudFormation generates a unique physical ID and uses that ID for the DB instance. For more information, see Name Type.
For information about constraints that apply to DB instance identifiers, see Naming constraints in Amazon RDS in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
Important If you specify a name, you can't perform updates that require replacement of this resource. You can perform updates that require no or some interruption. If you must replace the resource, specify a new name.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Replacement
DBName
-
The meaning of this parameter differs according to the database engine you use.
Important If you specify the
DBSnapshotIdentifier
property, this property only applies to RDS for Oracle.Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. The database name is managed by the DB cluster.
MySQL
The name of the database to create when the DB instance is created. If this parameter is not specified, no database is created in the DB instance.
Constraints:
-
Must contain 1 to 64 letters or numbers.
-
Can't be a word reserved by the specified database engine
MariaDB
The name of the database to create when the DB instance is created. If this parameter is not specified, no database is created in the DB instance.
Constraints:
-
Must contain 1 to 64 letters or numbers.
-
Can't be a word reserved by the specified database engine
PostgreSQL
The name of the database to create when the DB instance is created. If this parameter is not specified, the default
postgres
database is created in the DB instance.Constraints:
-
Must begin with a letter. Subsequent characters can be letters, underscores, or digits (0-9).
-
Must contain 1 to 63 characters.
-
Can't be a word reserved by the specified database engine
Oracle
The Oracle System ID (SID) of the created DB instance. If you specify
null
, the default valueORCL
is used. You can't specify the string NULL, or any other reserved word, forDBName
.Default:
ORCL
Constraints:
-
Can't be longer than 8 characters
SQL Server
Not applicable. Must be null.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Replacement
-
DBParameterGroupName
-
The name of an existing DB parameter group or a reference to an AWS::RDS::DBParameterGroup resource created in the template.
To list all of the available DB parameter group names, use the following command:
aws rds describe-db-parameter-groups --query "DBParameterGroups[].DBParameterGroupName" --output text
Note If any of the data members of the referenced parameter group are changed during an update, the DB instance might need to be restarted, which causes some interruption. If the parameter group contains static parameters, whether they were changed or not, an update triggers a reboot.
If you don't specify a value for
DBParameterGroupName
property, the default DB parameter group for the specified engine and engine version is used.Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Some interruptions
DBSecurityGroups
-
A list of the DB security groups to assign to the DB instance. The list can include both the name of existing DB security groups or references to AWS::RDS::DBSecurityGroup resources created in the template.
If you set DBSecurityGroups, you must not set VPCSecurityGroups, and vice versa. Also, note that the DBSecurityGroups property exists only for backwards compatibility with older regions and is no longer recommended for providing security information to an RDS DB instance. Instead, use VPCSecurityGroups.
Important If you specify this property, AWS CloudFormation sends only the following properties (if specified) to Amazon RDS during create operations:
-
AllocatedStorage
-
AutoMinorVersionUpgrade
-
AvailabilityZone
-
BackupRetentionPeriod
-
CharacterSetName
-
DBInstanceClass
-
DBName
-
DBParameterGroupName
-
DBSecurityGroups
-
DBSubnetGroupName
-
Engine
-
EngineVersion
-
Iops
-
LicenseModel
-
MasterUsername
-
MasterUserPassword
-
MultiAZ
-
OptionGroupName
-
PreferredBackupWindow
-
PreferredMaintenanceWindow
All other properties are ignored. Specify a virtual private cloud (VPC) security group if you want to submit other properties, such as
StorageType
,StorageEncrypted
, orKmsKeyId
. If you're already using theDBSecurityGroups
property, you can't use these other properties by updating your DB instance to use a VPC security group. You must recreate the DB instance.Required: No
Type: List of String
Update requires: No interruption
-
DBSnapshotIdentifier
-
The name or Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the DB snapshot that's used to restore the DB instance. If you're restoring from a shared manual DB snapshot, you must specify the ARN of the snapshot.
By specifying this property, you can create a DB instance from the specified DB snapshot. If the
DBSnapshotIdentifier
property is an empty string or theAWS::RDS::DBInstance
declaration has noDBSnapshotIdentifier
property, AWS CloudFormation creates a new database. If the property contains a value (other than an empty string), AWS CloudFormation creates a database from the specified snapshot. If a snapshot with the specified name doesn't exist, AWS CloudFormation can't create the database and it rolls back the stack.Some DB instance properties aren't valid when you restore from a snapshot, such as the
MasterUsername
andMasterUserPassword
properties. For information about the properties that you can specify, see theRestoreDBInstanceFromDBSnapshot
action in the Amazon RDS API Reference.After you restore a DB instance with a
DBSnapshotIdentifier
property, you must specify the sameDBSnapshotIdentifier
property for any future updates to the DB instance. When you specify this property for an update, the DB instance is not restored from the DB snapshot again, and the data in the database is not changed. However, if you don't specify theDBSnapshotIdentifier
property, an empty DB instance is created, and the original DB instance is deleted. If you specify a property that is different from the previous snapshot restore property, a new DB instance is restored from the specifiedDBSnapshotIdentifier
property, and the original DB instance is deleted.If you specify the
DBSnapshotIdentifier
property to restore a DB instance (as opposed to specifying it for DB instance updates), then don't specify the following properties:-
CharacterSetName
-
DBClusterIdentifier
-
DBName
-
DeleteAutomatedBackups
-
EnablePerformanceInsights
-
KmsKeyId
-
MasterUsername
-
MasterUserPassword
-
PerformanceInsightsKMSKeyId
-
PerformanceInsightsRetentionPeriod
-
PromotionTier
-
SourceDBInstanceIdentifier
-
SourceRegion
-
StorageEncrypted
(for an encrypted snapshot) -
Timezone
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. Snapshot restore is managed by the DB cluster.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Some interruptions
-
DBSubnetGroupName
-
A DB subnet group to associate with the DB instance. If you update this value, the new subnet group must be a subnet group in a new VPC.
If there's no DB subnet group, then the DB instance isn't a VPC DB instance.
For more information about using Amazon RDS in a VPC, see Using Amazon RDS with Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. The DB subnet group is managed by the DB cluster. If specified, the setting must match the DB cluster setting.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Replacement
DeleteAutomatedBackups
-
A value that indicates whether to remove automated backups immediately after the DB instance is deleted. This parameter isn't case-sensitive. The default is to remove automated backups immediately after the DB instance is deleted.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. When you delete a DB cluster, all automated backups for that DB cluster are deleted and can't be recovered. Manual DB cluster snapshots of the DB cluster are not deleted.
Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: No interruption
DeletionProtection
-
A value that indicates whether the DB instance has deletion protection enabled. The database can't be deleted when deletion protection is enabled. By default, deletion protection is disabled. For more information, see Deleting a DB Instance.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. You can enable or disable deletion protection for the DB cluster. For more information, see
CreateDBCluster
. DB instances in a DB cluster can be deleted even when deletion protection is enabled for the DB cluster.Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: No interruption
Domain
-
The Active Directory directory ID to create the DB instance in. Currently, only Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, and PostgreSQL DB instances can be created in an Active Directory Domain.
For more information, see Kerberos Authentication in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
DomainIAMRoleName
-
Specify the name of the IAM role to be used when making API calls to the Directory Service.
This setting doesn't apply to RDS Custom.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. The domain is managed by the DB cluster.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
EnableCloudwatchLogsExports
-
The list of log types that need to be enabled for exporting to CloudWatch Logs. The values in the list depend on the DB engine being used. For more information, see Publishing Database Logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs in the Amazon Relational Database Service User Guide.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. CloudWatch Logs exports are managed by the DB cluster.
MariaDB
Valid values:
audit
,error
,general
,slowquery
Microsoft SQL Server
Valid values:
agent
,error
MySQL
Valid values:
audit
,error
,general
,slowquery
Oracle
Valid values:
alert
,audit
,listener
,trace
PostgreSQL
Valid values:
postgresql
,upgrade
Required: No
Type: List of String
Update requires: No interruption
EnableIAMDatabaseAuthentication
-
A value that indicates whether to enable mapping of AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) accounts to database accounts. By default, mapping is disabled.
This property is supported for RDS for MariaDB, RDS for MySQL, and RDS for PostgreSQL. For more information, see IAM Database Authentication for MariaDB, MySQL, and PostgreSQL in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. Mapping AWS IAM accounts to database accounts is managed by the DB cluster.
Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: No interruption
EnablePerformanceInsights
-
A value that indicates whether to enable Performance Insights for the DB instance. For more information, see Using Amazon Performance Insights in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
This setting doesn't apply to RDS Custom.
Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: No interruption
Endpoint
-
Specifies the connection endpoint.
Note The endpoint might not be shown for instances whose status is
creating
.Required: No
Type: Endpoint
Update requires: No interruption
Engine
-
The name of the database engine that you want to use for this DB instance.
Note When you are creating a DB instance, the
Engine
property is required.Valid Values:
-
aurora
(for MySQL 5.6-compatible Aurora) -
aurora-mysql
(for MySQL 5.7-compatible Aurora) -
aurora-postgresql
-
custom-oracle-ee
-
custom-oracle-ee-cdb
-
custom-sqlserver-ee
-
custom-sqlserver-se
-
custom-sqlserver-web
-
mariadb
-
mysql
-
oracle-ee
-
oracle-ee-cdb
-
oracle-se2
-
oracle-se2-cdb
-
postgres
-
sqlserver-ee
-
sqlserver-se
-
sqlserver-ex
-
sqlserver-web
Required: Conditional
Type: String
Update requires: Some interruptions
-
EngineVersion
-
The version number of the database engine to use.
For a list of valid engine versions, use the
DescribeDBEngineVersions
action.The following are the database engines and links to information about the major and minor versions that are available with Amazon RDS. Not every database engine is available for every AWS Region.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. The version number of the database engine to be used by the DB instance is managed by the DB cluster.
MariaDB
See MariaDB on Amazon RDS Versions in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
Microsoft SQL Server
See Microsoft SQL Server Versions on Amazon RDS in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
MySQL
See MySQL on Amazon RDS Versions in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
Oracle
See Oracle Database Engine Release Notes in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
PostgreSQL
See Supported PostgreSQL Database Versions in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
Iops
-
The number of I/O operations per second (IOPS) that the database provisions. The value must be equal to or greater than 1000.
If you specify this property, you must follow the range of allowed ratios of your requested IOPS rate to the amount of storage that you allocate (IOPS to allocated storage). For example, you can provision an Oracle database instance with 1000 IOPS and 200 GiB of storage (a ratio of 5:1), or specify 2000 IOPS with 200 GiB of storage (a ratio of 10:1). For more information, see Amazon RDS Provisioned IOPS Storage to Improve Performance in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
Note If you specify
io1
for theStorageType
property, then you must also specify theIops
property.Required: No
Type: Integer
Update requires: No interruption
KmsKeyId
-
The ARN of the AWS KMS key that's used to encrypt the DB instance, such as
arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:012345678910:key/abcd1234-a123-456a-a12b-a123b4cd56ef
. If you enable the StorageEncrypted property but don't specify this property, AWS CloudFormation uses the default KMS key. If you specify this property, you must set the StorageEncrypted property to true.If you specify the
SourceDBInstanceIdentifier
property, the value is inherited from the source DB instance if the read replica is created in the same region.If you create an encrypted read replica in a different AWS Region, then you must specify a KMS key for the destination AWS Region. KMS encryption keys are specific to the region that they're created in, and you can't use encryption keys from one region in another region.
If you specify the
SnapshotIdentifier
property, theStorageEncrypted
property value is inherited from the snapshot, and if the DB instance is encrypted, the specifiedKmsKeyId
property is used.If you specify
DBSecurityGroups
, AWS CloudFormation ignores this property. To specify both a security group and this property, you must use a VPC security group. For more information about Amazon RDS and VPC, see Using Amazon RDS with Amazon VPC in the Amazon RDS User Guide.Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. The KMS key identifier is managed by the DB cluster.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Replacement
LicenseModel
-
License model information for this DB instance.
Valid values:
-
Aurora MySQL -
general-public-license
-
Aurora PostgreSQL -
postgresql-license
-
MariaDB -
general-public-license
-
Microsoft SQL Server -
license-included
-
MySQL -
general-public-license
-
Oracle -
bring-your-own-license
orlicense-included
-
PostgreSQL -
postgresql-license
Note If you've specified
DBSecurityGroups
and then you update the license model, AWS CloudFormation replaces the underlying DB instance. This will incur some interruptions to database availability.Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
-
ManageMasterUserPassword
-
A value that indicates whether to manage the master user password with AWS Secrets Manager.
For more information, see Password management with AWS Secrets Manager in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
Constraints:
-
Can't manage the master user password with AWS Secrets Manager if
MasterUserPassword
is specified.
Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: No interruption
-
MasterUsername
-
The master user name for the DB instance.
Note If you specify the
SourceDBInstanceIdentifier
orDBSnapshotIdentifier
property, don't specify this property. The value is inherited from the source DB instance or snapshot.Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. The name for the master user is managed by the DB cluster.
MariaDB
Constraints:
-
Required for MariaDB.
-
Must be 1 to 16 letters or numbers.
-
Can't be a reserved word for the chosen database engine.
Microsoft SQL Server
Constraints:
-
Required for SQL Server.
-
Must be 1 to 128 letters or numbers.
-
The first character must be a letter.
-
Can't be a reserved word for the chosen database engine.
MySQL
Constraints:
-
Required for MySQL.
-
Must be 1 to 16 letters or numbers.
-
First character must be a letter.
-
Can't be a reserved word for the chosen database engine.
Oracle
Constraints:
-
Required for Oracle.
-
Must be 1 to 30 letters or numbers.
-
First character must be a letter.
-
Can't be a reserved word for the chosen database engine.
PostgreSQL
Constraints:
-
Required for PostgreSQL.
-
Must be 1 to 63 letters or numbers.
-
First character must be a letter.
-
Can't be a reserved word for the chosen database engine.
Required: Conditional
Type: String
Update requires: Replacement
-
MasterUserPassword
-
The password for the master user. The password can include any printable ASCII character except "/", """, or "@".
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. The password for the master user is managed by the DB cluster.
MariaDB
Constraints: Must contain from 8 to 41 characters.
Microsoft SQL Server
Constraints: Must contain from 8 to 128 characters.
MySQL
Constraints: Must contain from 8 to 41 characters.
Oracle
Constraints: Must contain from 8 to 30 characters.
PostgreSQL
Constraints: Must contain from 8 to 128 characters.
Required: Conditional
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
MasterUserSecret
-
Contains the secret managed by RDS in AWS Secrets Manager for the master user password.
For more information, see Password management with AWS Secrets Manager in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
Required: No
Type: MasterUserSecret
Update requires: No interruption
MaxAllocatedStorage
-
The upper limit in gibibytes (GiB) to which Amazon RDS can automatically scale the storage of the DB instance.
For more information about this setting, including limitations that apply to it, see Managing capacity automatically with Amazon RDS storage autoscaling in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
This setting doesn't apply to RDS Custom.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. Storage is managed by the DB cluster.
Required: No
Type: Integer
Update requires: No interruption
MonitoringInterval
-
The interval, in seconds, between points when Enhanced Monitoring metrics are collected for the DB instance. To disable collection of Enhanced Monitoring metrics, specify 0. The default is 0.
If
MonitoringRoleArn
is specified, then you must setMonitoringInterval
to a value other than 0.This setting doesn't apply to RDS Custom.
Valid Values:
0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60
Required: No
Type: Integer
Update requires: No interruption
MonitoringRoleArn
-
The ARN for the IAM role that permits RDS to send enhanced monitoring metrics to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. For example,
arn:aws:iam:123456789012:role/emaccess
. For information on creating a monitoring role, see Setting Up and Enabling Enhanced Monitoring in the Amazon RDS User Guide.If
MonitoringInterval
is set to a value other than 0, then you must supply aMonitoringRoleArn
value.This setting doesn't apply to RDS Custom.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
MultiAZ
-
Specifies whether the database instance is a Multi-AZ DB instance deployment. You can't set the
AvailabilityZone
parameter if theMultiAZ
parameter is set to true.For more information, see Multi-AZ deployments for high availability in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. Amazon Aurora storage is replicated across all of the Availability Zones and doesn't require the
MultiAZ
option to be set.Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: Some interruptions
NcharCharacterSetName
-
The name of the NCHAR character set for the Oracle DB instance.
This parameter doesn't apply to RDS Custom.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Replacement
NetworkType
-
The network type of the DB instance.
Valid values:
-
IPV4
-
DUAL
The network type is determined by the
DBSubnetGroup
specified for the DB instance. ADBSubnetGroup
can support only the IPv4 protocol or the IPv4 and IPv6 protocols (DUAL
).For more information, see Working with a DB instance in a VPC in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
-
OptionGroupName
-
Indicates that the DB instance should be associated with the specified option group.
Permanent options, such as the TDE option for Oracle Advanced Security TDE, can't be removed from an option group. Also, that option group can't be removed from a DB instance once it is associated with a DB instance.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
PerformanceInsightsKMSKeyId
-
The AWS KMS key identifier for encryption of Performance Insights data.
The KMS key identifier is the key ARN, key ID, alias ARN, or alias name for the KMS key.
If you do not specify a value for
PerformanceInsightsKMSKeyId
, then Amazon RDS uses your default KMS key. There is a default KMS key for your AWS account. Your AWS account has a different default KMS key for each AWS Region.For information about enabling Performance Insights, see EnablePerformanceInsights.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Some interruptions
PerformanceInsightsRetentionPeriod
-
The number of days to retain Performance Insights data. The default is 7 days. The following values are valid:
-
7
-
month * 31, where month is a number of months from 1-23
-
731
For example, the following values are valid:
-
93 (3 months * 31)
-
341 (11 months * 31)
-
589 (19 months * 31)
-
731
If you specify a retention period such as 94, which isn't a valid value, RDS issues an error.
This setting doesn't apply to RDS Custom.
Required: No
Type: Integer
Update requires: No interruption
-
Port
-
The port number on which the database accepts connections.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. The port number is managed by the DB cluster.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Replacement
PreferredBackupWindow
-
The daily time range during which automated backups are created if automated backups are enabled, using the
BackupRetentionPeriod
parameter. For more information, see Backup Window in the Amazon RDS User Guide.Constraints:
Must be in the format
hh24:mi-hh24:mi
.Must be in Universal Coordinated Time (UTC).
Must not conflict with the preferred maintenance window.
Must be at least 30 minutes.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. The daily time range for creating automated backups is managed by the DB cluster.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
PreferredMaintenanceWindow
-
The weekly time range during which system maintenance can occur, in Universal Coordinated Time (UTC).
Format:
ddd:hh24:mi-ddd:hh24:mi
The default is a 30-minute window selected at random from an 8-hour block of time for each AWS Region, occurring on a random day of the week. To see the time blocks available, see Adjusting the Preferred DB Instance Maintenance Window in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
Note This property applies when AWS CloudFormation initially creates the DB instance. If you use AWS CloudFormation to update the DB instance, those updates are applied immediately.
Constraints: Minimum 30-minute window.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Some interruptions
ProcessorFeatures
-
The number of CPU cores and the number of threads per core for the DB instance class of the DB instance.
This setting doesn't apply to RDS Custom.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable.
Required: No
Type: List of ProcessorFeature
Update requires: No interruption
PromotionTier
-
A value that specifies the order in which an Aurora Replica is promoted to the primary instance after a failure of the existing primary instance. For more information, see Fault Tolerance for an Aurora DB Cluster in the Amazon Aurora User Guide.
This setting doesn't apply to RDS Custom.
Default: 1
Valid Values: 0 - 15
Required: No
Type: Integer
Update requires: No interruption
PubliclyAccessible
-
Indicates whether the DB instance is an internet-facing instance. If you specify true, AWS CloudFormation creates an instance with a publicly resolvable DNS name, which resolves to a public IP address. If you specify false, AWS CloudFormation creates an internal instance with a DNS name that resolves to a private IP address.
The default behavior value depends on your VPC setup and the database subnet group. For more information, see the
PubliclyAccessible
parameter in the CreateDBInstance in the Amazon RDS API Reference.Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: No interruption
ReplicaMode
-
The open mode of an Oracle read replica. For more information, see Working with Oracle Read Replicas for Amazon RDS in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
This setting is only supported in RDS for Oracle.
Default:
open-read-only
Valid Values:
open-read-only
ormounted
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
RestoreTime
-
The date and time to restore from.
Valid Values: Value must be a time in Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) format
Constraints:
-
Must be before the latest restorable time for the DB instance
-
Can't be specified if the
UseLatestRestorableTime
parameter is enabled
Example:
2009-09-07T23:45:00Z
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Some interruptions
-
SourceDBInstanceAutomatedBackupsArn
-
The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the replicated automated backups from which to restore, for example,
arn:aws:rds:useast-1:123456789012:auto-backup:ab-L2IJCEXJP7XQ7HOJ4SIEXAMPLE
.This setting doesn't apply to RDS Custom.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Some interruptions
SourceDBInstanceIdentifier
-
If you want to create a read replica DB instance, specify the ID of the source DB instance. Each DB instance can have a limited number of read replicas. For more information, see Working with Read Replicas in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
For information about constraints that apply to DB instance identifiers, see Naming constraints in Amazon RDS in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
The
SourceDBInstanceIdentifier
property determines whether a DB instance is a read replica. If you remove theSourceDBInstanceIdentifier
property from your template and then update your stack, AWS CloudFormation promotes the Read Replica to a standalone DB instance.Important -
If you specify a source DB instance that uses VPC security groups, we recommend that you specify the
VPCSecurityGroups
property. If you don't specify the property, the read replica inherits the value of theVPCSecurityGroups
property from the source DB when you create the replica. However, if you update the stack, AWS CloudFormation reverts the replica'sVPCSecurityGroups
property to the default value because it's not defined in the stack's template. This change might cause unexpected issues. -
Read replicas don't support deletion policies. AWS CloudFormation ignores any deletion policy that's associated with a read replica.
-
If you specify
SourceDBInstanceIdentifier
, don't specify theDBSnapshotIdentifier
property. You can't create a read replica from a snapshot. -
Don't set the
BackupRetentionPeriod
,DBName
,MasterUsername
,MasterUserPassword
, andPreferredBackupWindow
properties. The database attributes are inherited from the source DB instance, and backups are disabled for read replicas. -
If the source DB instance is in a different region than the read replica, specify the source region in
SourceRegion
, and specify an ARN for a valid DB instance inSourceDBInstanceIdentifier
. For more information, see Constructing a Amazon RDS Amazon Resource Name (ARN) in the Amazon RDS User Guide. -
For DB instances in Amazon Aurora clusters, don't specify this property. Amazon RDS automatically assigns writer and reader DB instances.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Some interruptions
-
SourceDbiResourceId
-
The resource ID of the source DB instance from which to restore.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Some interruptions
SourceRegion
-
The ID of the region that contains the source DB instance for the read replica.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Replacement
StorageEncrypted
-
A value that indicates whether the DB instance is encrypted. By default, it isn't encrypted.
If you specify the
KmsKeyId
property, then you must enable encryption.If you specify the
SourceDBInstanceIdentifier
property, don't specify this property. The value is inherited from the source DB instance, and if the DB instance is encrypted, the specifiedKmsKeyId
property is used.If you specify the
SnapshotIdentifier
and the specified snapshot is encrypted, don't specify this property. The value is inherited from the snapshot, and the specifiedKmsKeyId
property is used.If you specify the
SnapshotIdentifier
and the specified snapshot isn't encrypted, you can use this property to specify that the restored DB instance is encrypted. Specify theKmsKeyId
property for the KMS key to use for encryption. If you don't want the restored DB instance to be encrypted, then don't set this property or set it tofalse
.Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. The encryption for DB instances is managed by the DB cluster.
Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: Replacement
StorageThroughput
-
Specifies the storage throughput value for the DB instance. This setting applies only to the
gp3
storage type.This setting doesn't apply to RDS Custom or Amazon Aurora.
Required: No
Type: Integer
Update requires: No interruption
StorageType
-
Specifies the storage type to be associated with the DB instance.
Valid values:
gp2 | gp3 | io1 | standard
The
standard
value is also known as magnetic.If you specify
io1
orgp3
, you must also include a value for theIops
parameter.Default:
io1
if theIops
parameter is specified, otherwisegp2
For more information, see Amazon RDS DB Instance Storage in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. Aurora data is stored in the cluster volume, which is a single, virtual volume that uses solid state drives (SSDs).
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Some interruptions
Tags
-
An optional array of key-value pairs to apply to this DB instance.
Required: No
Type: List of Tag
Update requires: No interruption
Timezone
-
The time zone of the DB instance. The time zone parameter is currently supported only by Microsoft SQL Server.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Replacement
UseDefaultProcessorFeatures
-
A value that indicates whether the DB instance class of the DB instance uses its default processor features.
This setting doesn't apply to RDS Custom.
Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: No interruption
UseLatestRestorableTime
-
A value that indicates whether the DB instance is restored from the latest backup time. By default, the DB instance isn't restored from the latest backup time.
Constraints: Can't be specified if the
RestoreTime
parameter is provided.Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: Some interruptions
VPCSecurityGroups
-
A list of the VPC security group IDs to assign to the DB instance. The list can include both the physical IDs of existing VPC security groups and references to AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup resources created in the template.
If you plan to update the resource, don't specify VPC security groups in a shared VPC.
If you set
VPCSecurityGroups
, you must not setDBSecurityGroups
, and vice versa.Important You can migrate a DB instance in your stack from an RDS DB security group to a VPC security group, but keep the following in mind:
-
You can't revert to using an RDS security group after you establish a VPC security group membership.
-
When you migrate your DB instance to VPC security groups, if your stack update rolls back because the DB instance update fails or because an update fails in another AWS CloudFormation resource, the rollback fails because it can't revert to an RDS security group.
-
To use the properties that are available when you use a VPC security group, you must recreate the DB instance. If you don't, AWS CloudFormation submits only the property values that are listed in the
DBSecurityGroups
property.
To avoid this situation, migrate your DB instance to using VPC security groups only when that is the only change in your stack template.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. The associated list of EC2 VPC security groups is managed by the DB cluster. If specified, the setting must match the DB cluster setting.
Required: No
Type: List of String
Update requires: No interruption
-
Return values
Ref
When you pass the logical ID of this resource to the intrinsic Ref
function, Ref
returns the DB instance name.
For more information about using the Ref
function, see Ref.
Fn::GetAtt
The Fn::GetAtt
intrinsic function returns a value for a specified attribute of this type. The following are the available attributes and sample return values.
For more information about using the Fn::GetAtt
intrinsic function, see Fn::GetAtt.
CertificateDetails.CAIdentifier
-
The CA identifier of the CA certificate used for the DB instance's server certificate.
CertificateDetails.ValidTill
-
The expiration date of the DB instance’s server certificate.
DBInstanceArn
-
The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) for the DB instance.
DbiResourceId
-
The AWS Region-unique, immutable identifier for the DB instance. This identifier is found in AWS CloudTrail log entries whenever the AWS KMS key for the DB instance is accessed.
DBSystemId
-
The Oracle system ID (Oracle SID) for a container database (CDB). The Oracle SID is also the name of the CDB.
This setting is valid for RDS Custom only.
Endpoint.Address
-
The connection endpoint for the database. For example:
mystack-mydb-1apw1j4phylrk.cg034hpkmmjt.us-east-2.rds.amazonaws.com
For Aurora Serverless DB clusters, the connection endpoint only applies to the DB cluster.
Endpoint.HostedZoneId
-
The ID that Amazon Route 53 assigns when you create a hosted zone.
Endpoint.Port
-
The port number on which the database accepts connections. For example:
3306
MasterUserSecret.SecretArn
-
The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the secret.
Examples
Creating a DB instance with Enhanced Monitoring enabled
The following example creates an Amazon RDS MySQL DB instance with Enhanced
Monitoring enabled. The IAM role for Enhanced Monitoring specified in
MonitoringRoleArn
must exist before you run this example. For
more information, see Enhanced
Monitoring in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
JSON
{ "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09", "Description": "AWS CloudFormation Sample Template for creating an Amazon RDS DB instance: Sample template showing how to create a DB instance with Enhanced Monitoring enabled. **WARNING** This template creates an RDS DB instance. You will be billed for the AWS resources used if you create a stack from this template.", "Parameters": { "DBInstanceID": { "Default": "mydbinstance", "Description": "My database instance", "Type": "String", "MinLength": "1", "MaxLength": "63", "AllowedPattern": "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*", "ConstraintDescription": "Must begin with a letter and must not end with a hyphen or contain two consecutive hyphens." }, "DBName": { "Default": "mydb", "Description": "My database", "Type": "String", "MinLength": "1", "MaxLength": "64", "AllowedPattern": "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*", "ConstraintDescription": "Must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters." }, "DBInstanceClass": { "Default": "db.m5.large", "Description": "DB instance class", "Type": "String", "ConstraintDescription": "Must select a valid DB instance type." }, "DBAllocatedStorage": { "Default": "50", "Description": "The size of the database (GiB)", "Type": "Number", "MinValue": "20", "MaxValue": "65536", "ConstraintDescription": "must be between 20 and 65536 GiB." }, "DBUsername": { "NoEcho": "true", "Description": "Username for MySQL database access", "Type": "String", "MinLength": "1", "MaxLength": "16", "AllowedPattern": "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*", "ConstraintDescription": "must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters." }, "DBPassword": { "NoEcho": "true", "Description": "Password MySQL database access", "Type": "String", "MinLength": "8", "MaxLength": "41", "AllowedPattern": "[a-zA-Z0-9]*", "ConstraintDescription": "must contain only alphanumeric characters." } }, "Resources": { "MyDB": { "Type": "AWS::RDS::DBInstance", "Properties": { "DBInstanceIdentifier": { "Ref": "DBInstanceID" }, "DBName": { "Ref": "DBName" }, "DBInstanceClass": { "Ref": "DBInstanceClass" }, "AllocatedStorage": { "Ref": "DBAllocatedStorage" }, "Engine": "MySQL", "EngineVersion": "8.0.16", "MasterUsername": { "Ref": "DBUsername" }, "MasterUserPassword": { "Ref": "DBPassword" }, "MonitoringInterval": 60, "MonitoringRoleArn": "arn:aws:iam::1233456789012:role/rds-monitoring-role" } } } }
YAML
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09 Description: >- Description": "AWS CloudFormation Sample Template for creating an Amazon RDS DB instance: Sample template showing how to create a DB instance with Enhanced Monitoring enabled. **WARNING** This template creates an RDS DB instance. You will be billed for the AWS resources used if you create a stack from this template. Parameters: DBInstanceID: Default: mydbinstance Description: My database instance Type: String MinLength: '1' MaxLength: '63' AllowedPattern: '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*' ConstraintDescription: >- Must begin with a letter and must not end with a hyphen or contain two consecutive hyphens. DBName: Default: mydb Description: My database Type: String MinLength: '1' MaxLength: '64' AllowedPattern: '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*' ConstraintDescription: Must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters. DBInstanceClass: Default: db.m5.large Description: DB instance class Type: String ConstraintDescription: Must select a valid DB instance type. DBAllocatedStorage: Default: '50' Description: The size of the database (GiB) Type: Number MinValue: '20' MaxValue: '65536' ConstraintDescription: must be between 20 and 65536 GiB. DBUsername: NoEcho: 'true' Description: Username for MySQL database access Type: String MinLength: '1' MaxLength: '16' AllowedPattern: '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*' ConstraintDescription: must begin with a letter and contain only alphanumeric characters. DBPassword: NoEcho: 'true' Description: Password MySQL database access Type: String MinLength: '8' MaxLength: '41' AllowedPattern: '[a-zA-Z0-9]*' ConstraintDescription: must contain only alphanumeric characters. Resources: MyDB: Type: 'AWS::RDS::DBInstance' Properties: DBInstanceIdentifier: !Ref DBInstanceID DBName: !Ref DBName DBInstanceClass: !Ref DBInstanceClass AllocatedStorage: !Ref DBAllocatedStorage Engine: MySQL EngineVersion: "8.0.16" MasterUsername: !Ref DBUsername MasterUserPassword: !Ref DBPassword MonitoringInterval: 60 MonitoringRoleArn: 'arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/rds-monitoring-role'
Creating a cross-region encrypted read replica
The following example creates an encrypted read replica from a cross-region source DB instance.
JSON
{ "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09", "Description": "RDS Storage Encrypted", "Parameters": { "SourceDBInstanceIdentifier": { "Type": "String" }, "DBInstanceType": { "Type": "String" }, "SourceRegion": { "Type": "String" } }, "Resources": { "MyKey": { "Type": "AWS::KMS::Key", "Properties": { "KeyPolicy": { "Version": "2012-10-17", "Id": "key-default-1", "Statement": [ { "Sid": "Enable IAM User Permissions", "Effect": "Allow", "Principal": { "AWS": { "Fn::Join": [ "", [ "arn:aws:iam::", { "Ref": "AWS::AccountId" }, ":root" ] ] } }, "Action": "kms:*", "Resource": "*" } ] } } }, "MyDBSmall": { "Type": "AWS::RDS::DBInstance", "Properties": { "DBInstanceClass": { "Ref": "DBInstanceType" }, "SourceDBInstanceIdentifier": { "Ref": "SourceDBInstanceIdentifier" }, "SourceRegion": { "Ref": "SourceRegion" }, "KmsKeyId": { "Ref": "MyKey" } } } }, "Outputs": { "InstanceId": { "Description": "InstanceId of the newly created RDS Instance", "Value": { "Ref": "MyDBSmall" } } } }
YAML
--- AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09 Description: RDS Storage Encrypted Parameters: SourceDBInstanceIdentifier: Type: String DBInstanceType: Type: String SourceRegion: Type: String Resources: MyKey: Type: "AWS::KMS::Key" Properties: KeyPolicy: Version: 2012-10-17 Id: key-default-1 Statement: - Sid: Enable IAM User Permissions Effect: Allow Principal: AWS: !Join - "" - - "arn:aws:iam::" - !Ref "AWS::AccountId" - ":root" Action: "kms:*" Resource: "*" MyDBSmall: Type: "AWS::RDS::DBInstance" Properties: DBInstanceClass: !Ref DBInstanceType SourceDBInstanceIdentifier: !Ref SourceDBInstanceIdentifier SourceRegion: !Ref SourceRegion KmsKeyId: !Ref MyKey Outputs: InstanceId: Description: InstanceId of the newly created RDS Instance Value: !Ref MyDBSmall
Creating an Amazon RDS Custom DB instance
This example creates an Amazon RDS Custom DB instance. Amazon RDS Custom allows you as a database administrator to access and customize your database environment and operating system. With this access, you can configure settings, install patches, and enable native features to meet the dependent application's requirements. With RDS Custom, you can run your database workload using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI. For more information, see Working with Amazon RDS Custom in the Amazon RDS User Guide.

The secret which is used to authenticate the DB instance is shown in the Secret
stack output.
This output can be removed if showing this value to other CloudFormation stack isn't required.
For more information about managing password with Secrets Manager, see Password management with AWS Secrets Manager in the Amazon RDS User Guide and Password management with AWS Secrets Manager in the Amazon Aurora User Guide.
JSON
{ "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09", "Description": "A sample template", "Resources": { "MyInstance": { "Properties": { "MasterUsername": "masteruser", "DBInstanceClass": "db.t3.micro", "Engine": "mysql", "AllocatedStorage": 5, "AutoMinorVersionUpgrade": false, "ManageMasterUserPassword": true, "MasterUserSecret": { "KmsKeyId": { "Ref": "KMSKey" } } }, "Type": "AWS::RDS::DBInstance" }, "KMSKey": { "Type": "AWS::KMS::Key", "Properties": { "Description": "Manual test KMS key", "EnableKeyRotation": true, "KeyPolicy": { "Version": "2012-10-17", "Id": { "Ref": "AWS::StackName" }, "Statement": [ { "Sid": "Allow administration of the key", "Effect": "Allow", "Principal": { "AWS": { "Fn::Sub": "arn:${AWS::Partition}:iam::${AWS::AccountId}:root" } }, "Action": [ "kms:*" ], "Resource": "*" } ] } } } }, "Outputs": { "Secret": { "Value": { "Fn::GetAtt": "MyInstance.MasterUserSecret.SecretArn" } } } }
YAML
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: "2010-09-09" Description: A sample template Resources: MyInstance: Properties: MasterUsername: "masteruser" DBInstanceClass: "db.t3.micro" Engine: "mysql" AllocatedStorage: 5 AutoMinorVersionUpgrade: false ManageMasterUserPassword: true MasterUserSecret: KmsKeyId: !Ref KMSKey Type: "AWS::RDS::DBInstance" KMSKey: Type: 'AWS::KMS::Key' Properties: Description: Manual test KMS key EnableKeyRotation: True KeyPolicy: Version: "2012-10-17" Id: !Ref "AWS::StackName" Statement: - Sid: "Allow administration of the key" Effect: "Allow" Principal: AWS: Fn::Sub: 'arn:${AWS::Partition}:iam::${AWS::AccountId}:root' Action: - "kms:*" Resource: "*" Outputs: Secret: Value: Fn::GetAtt: MyInstance.MasterUserSecret.SecretArn


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A paraître / preprint
October 2021
A Modular Surrogate-assisted Framework for Expensive Multiobjective Combinatorial Optimization
Geoffrey Pruvost, Bilel Derbel, Arnaud Liefooghe, Sébastien Verel, Qingfu Zhang
Preprint
Cite the paper [BIB File] - [PDF]
Articles de conférence
June 2021
Enhancing MOEA/D with Escape Mechanisms
Bilel Derbel, Geoffrey Pruvost, Byung-Woo Hong
IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE CEC 2021)
Cite the paper [BIB File] - [PDF]
July 2020
Surrogate-assisted Multi-objective Combinatorial Optimization based on Decomposition and Walsh Basis
Geoffrey Pruvost, Bilel Derbel, Arnaud Liefooghe, Sébastien Verel, Qingfu Zhang
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2020)
Cite the paper [BIB File] - [PDF] - [slides] - [Video]
April 2020
On the Combined Impact of Population Size and Sub-problem Selection in MOEA/D
Geoffrey Pruvost, Bilel Derbel, Arnaud Liefooghe, Ke Li, Qingfu Zhang
Evolutionary Computation in Combinatorial Optimization. EvoCOP 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 12102. Springer, Cham
Cite the paper [BIB File] - [PDF] - [slides] - [Video]
Thèse
2018 - 2021
University of Lille / Inria
Machine Learning and Decomposition Techniques for Large-scale Multi-objective Optimization


HP rejects takeover offer from Xerox
by SARAH SKIDMORE SELL, AP Business WriterHP Inc. says its board has rejected a roughly $33.5 billion takeover offer from Xerox.
The Palo Alto, California-based company said Sunday that the cash and stock deal undervalues its business and its board cited concerns about "outsized" debt levels should the companies combine.
HP, which makes computers and printers, said it recognizes the potential benefits of consolidation and remains open to exploring other options to combine with Xerox Holdings Corp.
Both companies have faced difficulties as the demand for printed documents and ink have waned.
Xerox offered earlier this month to give HP shareholders $17 in cash and a fractional share of Xerox stock for each share they held in HP. They put the total value of the deal at $33.5 billion. If the deal had been completed, HP shareholders would own approximately 48% of the combined company.
HP rejected the offer, saying that it has "great confidence" in its ability to deliver long-term value. Its board also said it had "significant questions" about the trajectory of Xerox's business and prospects, particularly given a recent decline in its revenue.
A representative for Xerox, which is based in Norwalk, Connecticut, could not be reached immediately for comment.


--- layout: post title: Simplifying TFS restores with TFSConfig OfflineDetach date: '2016-09-09T16:20:00.001+01:00' author: Matteo Emili tags: modified_time: '2016-09-09T16:20:56.596+01:00' blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9050180307874313601.post-305776813646554452 blogger_orig_url: https://mattvsts.blogspot.com/2016/09/simplifying-tfs-restores-with-tfsconfig.html ---
Before TFS 2015 Update 3, if you want to restore an instance you need to restore all the collection databases of the instance. This might be an extremely long and time-consuming activity.
Very quietly, Microsoft introduced the OfflineDetach command for TFSConfig. What is that?
It is a new command you can use to restore only a specific collection (and configuration database) so you can simplify the restore operation and save time.
Aside from that, you can also use it to restore non-detached databases (useful for DR).


Writing Toolbox Methods¶
Methods Must not Modify Their Arguments¶
The convention for this toolbox is, that toolbox methods must not alter their arguments. This is important as arguments to methods are passed by reference in Python and changing an attribute of a mutable object in a method which was passed as an argument, will automatically change the object outside of this method too.
Example:
>>> def do_something(arg):
... arg['foo'] = 2
>>> obj = {'foo' : 1, 'bar' : 2}
>>> do_something(obj)
>>> obj
{'bar': 2, 'foo': 2}
Using copy()
¶
Users rely on the methods to leave their arguments unmodified. To assist you
with that, the Data
object, provides a
copy()
method which returns a deep copy of the object.
This method also allows to selectively overwrite or create attributes in the new
copy of the object.
Example:
>>> def subsample(dat):
... # some calculations
... new_data = dat.data[::2]
... dat = dat.copy(data=new_data)
... return dat
Testing¶
To ensure that your new method does indeed not alter its arguments, you should write an appropriate unit test. The test should look like this:
- copy the argument before passing it to the method to test
- call the method to test
- check if the copy of the argument and the argument are still equal
def test_subsample_copy(self):
"""Subsample must not modify argument."""
cpy = self.dat.copy() # 1
subsample(self.dat) # 2
self.assertEqual(cpy, self.dat) # 3
Methods Must not Rely on a Specific Order of the Axes¶
Although there is a convention on how to represent Feature Vectors, Continuous-, and Epoched data, your methods must not rely on the specific order of the axes. Instead, your method should be written in a way that the position is chooseable as a parameter of your method. Furthermore those parameters should have default values with the defaults being the values following the convention.
For example, let’s assume the new method subsample
, which modifies data on
the time-axis of the argument. Usually the time-axis is the second last one in
Continuous- and Epoched data
We define our method with a default timeaxis
parameter set to -2
:
def subsample(dat, freq, timeaxis=-2):
# do the subsampling
...
So we can call the method without specifying it when we have conventional data:
dat = subsample(dat, 100)
or we call it specifying the time-axis on other data which follows not our convention but sub sampling yields still a meaningful result:
foo = subsample(foo, 100, timeaxis=7)
Off course writing your method this way is a bit more complicated, but nut very
much if you know how to index your arrays without the __getitem__
or []
operator.
Assume you want to take every second value from the last axis of your data:
d = np.arange(20).reshape(4,5)
d = d[..., ::2]
How do you rewrite this in a way that the axis is arbitrary? One option is to
use numpy.take()
which applies an array of indices on axis:
# create an index array with indices of the elements in `timeaxis`
idx = np.arange(d.shape[timeaxis])
# take only every second (0, 2, 4, 6, ...)
idx = idx[::2]
# apply this index array on the last axis of d
d = d.take(idx, timeaxis)
Be careful not to apply boolean indexing Arrays with numpy.take()
, for
that use numpy.compress()
, which does the same like take just with
boolean arrays.
Another way to achieve the same is to use slice()
and create tuples for
indexing dynamically:
idx = [slice(None) for i in d.ndims]
idx[timeaxis] = slice(None, None, 2)
# idx is now equivalent to [:, ::2]
d = d[idx]
This is possible since a[:, ::2]
is the same as
a[slice(None), slice(None, None, 2)]
and the fact that a[x, y]
is just
syntactic sugar for a[[x, y]]
.
Sometimes it might be necessary to insert a new axis in order to make numpy’s
broadcasting work properly. For that use numpy.expand_dims()
Testing¶
To test if your method really works with nonstandard axes, you should write a swapaxes-test in the unit test for your method. The test usually looks like this:
- swap axes of your data
- apply your method to the swapped data
- un-swap axes of the result
- test if the result is equal to the result of applying your method to the original data
def test_subsample_swapaxes(self):
"""subsample must work with nonstandard timeaxis."""
dat = swapaxes(self.dat, 0, 1) # 1
dat = subsample(dat, 10, timeaxis=1) # 2
dat = swapaxes(dat, 0, 1) # 3
dat2 = subsample(self.dat, 10)
self.assertEqual(dat, dat2) # 4


This is a WIP page.
When using Cloudy with a PHP application managed by Composer, you may follow this guide so that the Cloudy dependencies are handled as well. This is probably an easier road to travel since your dependencies are all in one place.
foo.sh
) in the desired location of your application, e.g. cloudy new foo.sh
. (See also cloudy core
.)COMPOSER_VENDOR
; see script.example.sh for code example.Add a repository reference to Cloudy in your application's composer.json.
"repositories": [
{
"type": "path",
"url": "./cloudy/"
],
cloudy/vendor
and cloudy/composer.lock
for clarity.composer require aklump/cloudy
Ignore the following in your app's root .gitignore, adjusting paths as appropriate:
/cloudy/vendor/
/cloudy/composer.lock
bin
section{
"bin": [
"bin/ldp"
]
}
Create the symlink in bin to the entry script, refer to cloudypm.yml
composer require aklump/live-dev-porter:@dev


Account id:
Client id:
Client secret:
Name for the profile (must be unique in the account):
Description for the profile:
Archive the master
Images:
Set up image renditions for image capture
Audio-only renditions to include:
Minimum number of video rendions:<PHONE_NUMBER>01112131415
Maximum number of video rendions:<PHONE_NUMBER>01112131415
Maximum bitrate:
Maximum bitrate for 1st rendition:
Maximum framerate:
Keyframe rate:
Select baseline profile for at least one rendition
Create Profile
API request:
Full API request body:
Awaiting input....
Full API response will appear here...


@composi/datastore:
Install
Data Management for Components
Managing data for components can be complicated. By default Composi/core functional components have no state. DataStore is a solution for providing reactive re-renders for functional components using a central dataStore.
No Install
If you've created a project using create-composi-app
, you do not have to install
@composi/datastore. It is already installed and ready to import. Read
the documentation for
create-composi-app to
learn how to get up and running fast.
To use DataStore, you'll need to import it into your project:
import { DataStore } from '@composi/datastore'
To learn how to use DataStore, read these links DataStore and setState.


Pet Insurance 101
- Pet Insurance can save you money in the long run by covering large bills that would otherwise put you into debt.
- Pet Insurance saves lives! By covering unexpected and potentially unreasonable bills you don’t have to choose between your wallet and your pet’s medical bills…that’s superhero-esque if you ask us!
- Not all pet insurance is created equal. Some insurance plans will cover your pet’s illnesses but not accidental trauma, or cancer treatments.
- Let freedom (of vet choice) ring! Most plans allow you to pick the vet of your choice to care for you furry friend. Unlike like human insurance, there aren’t in/out of network vets you need to worry about.
- Pssst it’s a secret! Make sure you pick the best plan for your pets health and this won’t necessarily be the most expensive a company offers. Each plan has different coverage and you can save $$$ by selecting a plan that gives you everything you need without unnecessary frills.
- Pet insurance is treated like property insurance. What’s that you say? you don’t own property, so don’t know what that means? It means you have to pay the vet out of pocket and then submit a claim to your insurance company afterwards for reimbursement. This can be troubling for families with razor thin budgets. If you’re not in a position to wait 30-60 days for financial reimbursement, then sadly, pet insurance might not be a realistic option for you.
- Basic rules of insurance still apply. You can’t apply for insurance after your pet’s already been injured or declared ill. Pre-existing conditions aren’t covered in your own health insurance, and they won’t be in your pets either.
Pet insurance companies are businesses. Some have great customer service, some have great policies at reasonable rates, some just have pretty pictures on their websites. Make sure you remember that these are still for- profit businesses and they like to make money.
- Insurance isn’t enough. You need to pay attention to your pet’s health throughout the year to avoid the issues that insurance covers. Take preventive steps to ensure your pet’s wellbeing such as visiting the vet for regular checkups, provide a balanced diet, and get the appropriate vaccinations. You’re reading about insurance because you care about your pet, this is probably preaching to the choir.
- Have fun! Do something after you finish your pet insurance research because let’s face it, reading about insurance policies is boring.


AudioMeter example
This example shows how to use the
AudioMeter
. The blue bar shows the
raw
audio, while the small white bar shows the
filtered
audio. Audio levels are captured from your microphone using a
DeviceSource
.


AWS::IoT::AccountAuditConfiguration
Use the AWS::IoT::AccountAuditConfiguration
resource to configure or
reconfigure the Device Defender audit settings for your account. Settings include how audit
notifications are sent and which audit checks are enabled or disabled. For API reference,
see UpdateAccountAuditConfiguration and for detailed information on all available audit checks, see Audit checks.
Syntax
To declare this entity in your AWS CloudFormation template, use the following syntax:
JSON
{ "Type" : "AWS::IoT::AccountAuditConfiguration", "Properties" : { "AccountId" :
String
, "AuditCheckConfigurations" :AuditCheckConfigurations
, "AuditNotificationTargetConfigurations" :AuditNotificationTargetConfigurations
, "RoleArn" :String
} }
YAML
Type: AWS::IoT::AccountAuditConfiguration Properties: AccountId:
String
AuditCheckConfigurations:AuditCheckConfigurations
AuditNotificationTargetConfigurations:AuditNotificationTargetConfigurations
RoleArn:String
Properties
AccountId
-
The ID of the account. You can use the expression
!Sub "${AWS::AccountId}"
to use your account ID.Required: Yes
Type: String
Update requires: Replacement
AuditCheckConfigurations
-
Specifies which audit checks are enabled and disabled for this account.
Some data collection might start immediately when certain checks are enabled. When a check is disabled, any data collected so far in relation to the check is deleted. To disable a check, set the value of the
Enabled:
key tofalse
.If an enabled check is removed from the template, it will also be disabled.
You can't disable a check if it's used by any scheduled audit. You must delete the check from the scheduled audit or delete the scheduled audit itself to disable the check.
For more information on avialbe auidt checks see AWS::IoT::AccountAuditConfiguration AuditCheckConfigurations
Required: Yes
Type: AuditCheckConfigurations
Update requires: No interruption
AuditNotificationTargetConfigurations
-
Information about the targets to which audit notifications are sent.
Required: No
Type: AuditNotificationTargetConfigurations
Update requires: No interruption
RoleArn
-
The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the role that grants permission to AWS IoT to access information about your devices, policies, certificates, and other items as required when performing an audit.
Required: Yes
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
Return values
Ref
When you pass the logical ID of this resource to the intrinsic Ref
function, Ref
returns the account ID.
 In AccountAuditConfiguration
, specifying a
configuration for every check is optional, and skipped checks are interpreted as
disabled. To have accurate drift detection with CloudFormation, include configurations
(enabled or disabled) for all the 14 audit checks in your template. For more information on the audit checks see
AWS::IoT::AccountAuditConfiguration AuditCheckConfigurations.
For more information, see Detecting unmanaged configuration changes to stacks and resources in the user guide.


Rockstar Job Advert Suggests Grand Theft Auto 6 Might Launch Next Year
by Lucy ConnollyFans of Grand Theft Auto believe we might not have too long to wait until the game’s next instalment, thanks to a new job listing on Rockstar Games’ website.
The developer behind the franchise posted the listing for an Animation Systems Programmer on its website recently, which eagle-eyed fans think is directly related to the release of Grand Theft Auto 6.
Rockstar Games called for an individual to help develop ‘advanced animation systems for large open world character-based games’ in their advert, something which sounds suspiciously similar to the game in question.
While the job listing doesn’t explicitly say the company is looking to hire someone to work on GTA 6, direct comparisons can be made between that and the game.
The advert reads:
We are looking for an experienced, talented engineer to help us in developing advanced animation systems for large open world character-based games.
You should have strong coding skills, a good knowledge and interest in character animation systems, and passion for realistic, high quality character motion.
According to Rockstar, the successful candidate will ‘work closely’ with gameplay, AI, tools, and art teams and will ‘develop, maintain, extend, and support’ an extensive high-level run-time animation system.
They will also work alongside a global team of programmers and researchers ‘who collaborate on pushing the boundaries of character animation on next generation hardware’.
This reference to ‘next generation hardware’ is very likely referring to either the PlayStation 5 or Xbox Scarlett – both of which will launch late next year, hence why fans have made the connection that GTA 6 will also launch next year.
Jim Ryan, the CEO at Sony, confirmed the tech giant is already working with developers on games for the PlayStation 5, telling GamesIndustry.biz he is ‘particularly optimistic’ about the ease in which developers are able to get the code running on PlayStation 5 – which is ‘way beyond any experience they’ve had on any other PlayStation platform’.
This isn’t the first time Rockstar Games has hinted at the possibility that the game might be released shortly; earlier this month, Talent Acquisition Lead Kiran Kumar posted about a recruitment drive on LinkedIn for game testers at Rockstar India.
Kumar provided further details via an image included within the post, complete with some gaming artwork in the distinctive style of Grand Theft Auto.
This call for game testers sparked discussion as to whether the game in question could possibly be the long-awaited GTA 6, suggesting the game is at a playable stage with a potential release date on the horizon.
As of yet, there has been no confirmation that this recruitment drive and the job listing are in anyway related to Grand Theft Auto 6.
However, they have given fans fresh hope for a potential 2020 release date.
A Broadcast Journalism Masters graduate who went on to achieve an NCTJ level 3 Diploma in Journalism, Lucy has done stints at ITV, BBC Inside Out and Key 103. While working as a journalist for UNILAD, Lucy has reported on breaking news stories while also writing features about mental health, cervical screening awareness, and Little Mix (who she is unapologetically obsessed with).


THE BOY WITH GREEN HAIR (USA, 1948) *** Directed by Joseph Losey. Written by Ben Barzman and Alfred Lewis Levitt from a story by Betsy Beaton. Produced by Stephen Ames. Executive producer, Dore Schary. Photography, George Barnes. Editing, Frank Doyle. Art Direction, Ralph Berger & Albert S. D'Agostino. Music, Leigh Harline. Cast: Pat O'Brien (Gramp), Robert Ryan (Dr. Evans), Barbara Hale (Miss Brand), Dean Stockwell (Peter Frye), et al. An RKO studios production. In Technicolor. 82 minutes
A war orphan suddenly acquires green hair and becomes a pariah.The film was made near the start of the Un-American Activities Committee (and the MacCarthyite) witchhunts. It was director Losey's (1901-1984) first feature. And writer Barzman's (1911-1989) last work in Hollywood. Blacklisted, he continued in Europe, where soon Losey also exiled himself. At 1983 retrospective in France, Barzman said that he had been impressed by the first two Hollywood films against antisemitism, Crossfire and Gentleman's Agreement. Though he had started out to write about war orphans and the evils of war, the script expanded into a fable on racism and discrimination.(For the producers it was also good publicity for Technicolor).
People ask, in the movie, as voice-off: "Would you like your sister to marry someone with green hair?" Slowly the young hero understands that his peculiarity is no accident, that he is one of the chosen to tell the world about the horrors of war. One of his lines was "War is bad for children" which later became a Peace movement slogan "War is bad for children and all living things." According to Barzman, Howard Hughes , who had bought the RKO studio, wanted Stockwell to add: "That's why we need the strongest army, air force and navy in the world," but the young actor refused. Both Barzman and Losey had impressive careers abroad.
The film was produced by humanitarian-idealist Dore (i.e. Isidore) Schary (1905-1980) and for several years a major force in Hollywood. His prolific record (as producer as well as script-writer) included many a "liberal" movie. It was quite a contrast with the record of righti-leaning Howard Hughes.
The plot in some detail:
At a police station cops ask a kid with shaven head to give his name. He stays mute. Enter doctor Robert Ryan who manages to make him speak after treating him to a milkshake and hamburger. The boy's story is told in flashback.
In World War II, young Peter's parents had gone to London to help children. They were killed during the Blitz. The boy was not told of this, but was shuttled from relative to relative, with no success. Finally he goes to his grandfather, former vaudevillian Pat O'Brien, who is very sweet and super-Irish -- though his strong accent comes and goes.
[We get, alas, treated to one of his singing numbers, and another one later, with kids in a car, as they go around collecting things for war relief. O'Brien is also supposed to be a singing waiter, but we see none of this. On the other hand, Nature Boy ("There was a boy..." etc) the signature song of the film, is rather corny but at the same time it does stay with you.]
The boy decides to stay with grandpa, is rather happy, has nice Barbara Hale as school teacher Miss Brand. School walls have photos and posters of war relief, especially of kids affected by war. A classmate tells Peter that a boy in a photo looks like him. "He does not" says Stockwell. "Yes, he's also a war orphan like you." Peter has a fit, beats up the other kid,-- and is told the truth by grandpa.
He's happy again. One morning, as he is washing his hair, it turns green. This curiosity makes townspeople uncomfortable. (The milkman loses customers as some say that the milk did it). Parents tell kids to shun Peter, since the green may be catching. Kids mock him.
Miss Brand tries to help. Peter runs away, is chased by kids. One of them, treacherously, has him give him back his glasses, then grabs him). He escapes, meets a "tableau vivant" of kids from posters, where one tells him his hair is a mark to tell people that war is bad for children.
He goes around preaching this, which makes people even more uncomfortable. He then shaves his hair.
In many ways this low-budget movie is naive, because it is on the "childish" side, and, as I remember it, a bit slow. Yet it is undeniably touching and a big contribution to tolerance. Stockwell is obviously the star; O'Brien comes second in importance; Hale's and Ryan's parts are small.
On top of the anti-war message, the movie opposes antisemitism, racism, discrimination, and, overall, being suspicious of people who are "different."
Of course, in the punk days to come, green hair would have caused no stir at all !!!
Additional Notes:
1) Barzman had a co-writer (whom he did not mention in Paris, but that's par for course!). I cannot tell what the other writer's contribution to the script was.
2) Both Barzman and Losey were confirmed liberals -- hence different, like Peter. And one of Barzman's five earlier films was the fine, patriotic, World War II, John Wayne vehicle Back to Bataan (1945)
3) Director Losey had started with stage productions. His big hit in New York theater was Bertolt Brecht's Galileo Galilei, which --significantly-- also tells of the astronomer who was also "different." The Italian genius (1564-1642) among his many astronomical discoveries, had insisted, against Copernic's theory, that the earth circles around the sun. This upset the current - and religious - beliefs that the earth was the center of the universe and everything moved around it. Getting in trouble with the Church authorities, Galileo was forced to recant. But, it is said, on his deathbed he exclaimed "E pur, si muove!" ("Still, it moves!")
4) Losey went on to a multi-faceted film career in the UK, France and elsewhere abroad. In cinephile circles he was, and still is, considered one of the greatest film-makers anywhere.
5) Videos of this film are hard to find. At Chicago's Facets Multi-Media, my best source, it is at this writing ( 6 October 1999) out of print as a sales item. But one can call (free) the rentals department at 1-800-532-2387 to see if this title is available for rent.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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Former ace Jamie Milligan emerges as favourite to become Bamber Bridge’s next boss
by Craig SalmonFormer Everton midfielder Jamie Milligan is understood to be the frontrunner to replace Joey Collins as the new manager of Bamber Bridge.
Brig are expected to announce their new boss imminently and the former Blackpool and Fleetwood Town star is believed to have held discussions with the club’s Board.
Milligan, of course, spent a period of time as a player at the Sir Tom Finney Stadium and was part of former manager Neil Reynolds’ coaching set-up.
He helped the club win promotion to the NPL Premier Division in 2017 and was believed to be keen on the manager’s position after Reynolds left for FC United of Manchester.
However, Mick Taylor was installed as manager at Irongate and Milligan joined the Red Rebels as Reynolds’ assistant manager but he left Broadhurst Park at the beginning of this year.
Since leaving FC United, Milligan has appeared for AFC Blackpool in the North West Counties League.
Brig have been without a manager after Collins quit due to personal reasons following last Tuesday’s 5-1 win over Wythenshawe Amateurs in the LFA Challenge Trophy.
Director of football Neil Crowe and goalkeeper coach Stu Barton were in caretaker charge of Brig’s superb 3-2 home win over Mickleover Sports at the weekend.
The club have revealed that captain Matt Lawlor has relinquished his role as assistant manager to concentrate fully on his role at the heart of Brig’s defence.
Former Preston winger Chris Humphrey was thought to be interested in the position, but Milligan appears to be the favourite.
Brig are away to Whitby Town this weekend.


RobotCamera class capture image using captureImage service.
More...
#include <RobotCamera.hpp>
RobotCamera class capture image using captureImage service.
| RobotCamera::RobotCamera |
( |
| ) |
|
Constructor of RobotCamera class.
- Parameters
-
- Returns
- none
| RobotCamera::~RobotCamera |
( |
| ) |
|
Destructor of RobotCamera class.
- Parameters
-
- Returns
- none
| bool RobotCamera::captureImage |
( |
pioneer::captureImageService::Request & |
req, |
|
|
pioneer::captureImageService::Response & |
resp |
|
) |
| |
callback back function for captureImage service
- Parameters
-
| &req | is the request sent by the client |
| &resp | is the response sent by the server |
- Returns
- bool status of service call
| bool RobotCamera::diagnosticTest |
( |
| ) |
|
Gives the diagnostic.
- Parameters
-
- Returns
- bool Gives self diagnostic boolean variables
| void RobotCamera::robotCameraCallback |
( |
const sensor_msgs::Image |
msg | ) |
|
callback function for the camera subscriber saves an image locally if take image flag is true
- Parameters
-
| const | sensor_msgs::ImageConstPtr A constant image pointer of what robot is seeing |
- Returns
- none
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:


The waves are out. It is sunrise and sunset, both at once. March never ended; March never began; Y2K lost in the frantic scheduling. Are we alone? All ȿtatue̠̅s juḑĝe ỹΘų hĂЯS̨̥̫͎̭ͯ̿̔̀ͅЋḼl̘̝̙̃ͤ͂̾̆ ȳɎ. Together we traverse the silence, like electrons and cyan.
VAPORLOOP was an experimental event around connectivity in the real world during the pandemic. VAPORLOOP is over. Long live VAPORLOOP.
VAPORLOOP lives on in some artifacts, preserved for eternity in the v̷a̸s̷t̶n̵e̷s̵s̴ ő̸̮f̸͙͗ ç̵̡̹̩̞͉͆ͅý̶͕̟͉͒̉͋͘ḃ̷̺ȩ̴̥̜͐̈̔͠ŗ̵̛̤̟̭͋̎̔̈͒͗͝ś̵͕̠̟̰͙̈́̾̇͋͘͝͝p̵̠͔̳͐͋͐a̸̢̭̱͊̂̅̄̓̆ć̴̯͎͉̻̞e̷̜͈̙̤̤̬̤͐.
Call this number:<PHONE_NUMBER>. ☎
Put your phone on speaker. 🔊
Listen to the voice on the other end. 👄
We’d like you to participate in a brief survey. On a scale of ⏅ to 🐬, how do you feel different? Would you recommend this 🌌🍕👁🗨 to a friend?
If music is a way of annotating time, dance is a way of annotating space.
Need some flavor for your next car chase? outrun might be your jam.
We don’t believe in genre boundaries over here; move your body with us to these vaporwave-inspired beats.
If you’re into irony, check out the twenty bajillion Hotline Bling vaporwave remixes and thinkpieces. And even a bonus ggplot color theme.
We are not the only ones to produce interactive melancholy. On a certain level, the genre of vaporwave video games is understandable: everything is pastel, or soothing, or the right type of retro and nothing can go particularly, badly wrong.
If you are queer, and want to re-remember the time that you came of gender on the internet of 1990s, we found a secret little haven.
 We are too. For some affirming raccoon content, check out raccoonwave.. For some exciting sports-raccoon content, some of us enjoy the demo to tanuki sunset.
If you just want to hang out, there is always the vaporreef.
If you want to dig deep into history, you can try one of the first vaporwave games, Mall Quest. Unfortunately, there is no easy way to play it; we found a suspicious set of instructions on Reddit. All the games have soothing and awesome music.
The choice of your future belongs to you alone, but all of us hold this space together. When you eʂƈαρҽ the loop, carry its memories with you. Time can be whatever you want it to be.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}{{project.title}} (Project){% endblock %} {% block content %}
{{project.description}}
Admin: {{project.admin.username}} (Edit)If you wish to download the current state of this project, you can export it.
Links:| Assignments Completed | Number of tasks |
| {{ assignment.completed_assignments }} | {{ assignment.id__count }} |
|---|


This attribute may be set on any instruction in the stylesheet, including a literal result element. The permitted values are "yes" and "no". If the value is "yes", then at compile time Saxon outputs (to the standard error output) an analysis of all XPath expressions appearing on attributes of that instruction. The analysis includes the static type of the expression, and a representation of the expression tree that results from Saxon's parsing and static optimization phases of processing. The tree is represented by indentation. For example, writing:
<xsl:value-of select="count(*/@test)" saxon:explain="yes" xmlns:saxon="http://saxon.sf.net/"/>
produces the output:
Attribute select of element xsl:value-of at line 18:
Static type: xs:integer
Optimized expression tree:
function count
path
child::*
@550
(Here 550 is the internal code allocated to test
in the name pool).


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: Visual C++ 2003 Toolkit author: display_name: Tomas Restrepo login: tomasr email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: http://winterdom.com/ author_login: tomasr author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: http://winterdom.com/ wordpress_id: 723 wordpress_url: http://winterdom.com/2004/04/visualc2003toolkit date: '2004-04-17 04:44:51 +0000' date_gmt: '2004-04-17 04:44:51 +0000' categories: - ".NET" tags: [] comments: [] ---
Microsoft has just released the Visual C++ 2003 Toolkit: A free download containing the full C/C++ optimizing compiler and the static linking CRT and standard C++ library (with STL). In other words, all the basic command line tools for building actual applications with full optimizations. This is a great adition for people that have been trying out Visual C++ Standard Edition, or for using in build servers, etc.
Way cool


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block content %}
All riders and drivers are pointed in their corresponding location in map.


This package provides task management classes for operations that are generally time-consuming and are best executed asynchronously.


class DataBase:
Undocumented
| Async Class Method | start |
Undocumented |
| Class Method | set_default_exchange |
Undocumented |
| Class Method | get_default_exchange |
Undocumented |
| Async Class Method | check_conn |
Undocumented |
| Async Class Method | get_exchange_id |
Undocumented |
| Async Class Method | get_symbol_id |
Undocumented |
| Async Class Method | get_all_symbols |
Undocumented |
| Async Class Method | create_symbol |
Undocumented |
| Async Class Method | create_exchange |
Undocumented |
| Async Class Method | drop_symbol |
Undocumented |
| Async Class Method | get_ohlcs |
Undocumented |
| Async Class Method | get_interest_rates |
Undocumented |
| Async Class Method | get_open_interests |
Undocumented |
| Async Class Method | get_market_volume |
Undocumented |
| Class Method | dont_cache_ohlc |
Undocumented |
| Class Method | clear_ohlc_cache |
Undocumented |
| Class Method | get_conn |
Undocumented |
| Class Variable | _conn |
Undocumented |
| Class Variable | _pk_cache |
Undocumented |
| Class Variable | _queries |
Undocumented |
| Class Variable | _db_cache |
Undocumented |
| Async Class Method | _fetch_by_symbol |
Undocumented |
| Static Method | _data_to_df |
Undocumented |
Undocumented
| Parameters | exchange | Undocumented (type: Exchange ) |
Undocumented
| Parameters | exchange | Undocumented (type: Exchange ) |
| Returns | Undocumented (type: int ) |
Undocumented
| Parameters | symbol | Undocumented (type: Symbol ) |
| Returns | Undocumented (type: int ) |
Undocumented
| Returns | Undocumented (type: List[Symbol] ) |
Undocumented
| Parameters | symbol | Undocumented (type: Symbol ) |
Undocumented
| Parameters | symbol | Undocumented (type: Symbol ) |
| resolution | Undocumented | |
| Returns | Undocumented (type: pd.DataFrame ) |
Undocumented
| Returns | Undocumented (type: pd.DataFrame ) |
Undocumented
| Returns | Undocumented (type: pd.DataFrame ) |
Undocumented
| Returns | Undocumented (type: pd.DataFrame ) |
Undocumented
| Parameters | query_name | Undocumented |
| symbol | Undocumented (type: Symbol ) |


Vanna White hosts ‘Wheel of Fortune’ after Sajak has surge
LOS ANGELES (AP) - “Wheel of Fortune” host Pat Sajak had to have emergency surgery, and his longtime co-host Vanna White will fill in for him while he recovers.
The show said in a statement that Thursday’s taping was canceled as the 73-year-old Sajak underwent successful surgery to correct a blocked intestine.
The 62-year-old White stepped in as host when taping resumed Friday for episodes that will air starting Dec. 9.
The statement says Sajak is resting comfortably and looking forward to returning but does not say how long he is expected to be out or how long White will act as host.
Sajak and White have co-hosted the show since the early 1980s.
She filled in for him once before for one segment of the show, when Sajak had laryngitis in 1996.
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