UKCloud Limited (“UKC”) and Virtual Infrastructure Group Limited (“VIG”) (together “the Companies”) – in Compulsory Liquidation
On 25 October 2022, the Companies were placed into Liquidation with the Official Receiver appointed as Liquidator and J Robinson and A M Hudson simultaneously appointed as Special Managers to manage the liquidation process on behalf of the Official Receiver.
Further information regarding the Liquidations can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/virtual-infrastructure-group-limited-and-ukcloud-limited-information-for-creditors-and-interested-parties
Contact details:
For any general queries relating to the Liquidations please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>For customer related queries please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>For supplier related queries please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Secure Remote Access FAQs
Service
What is the service?
The UKCloud Secure Remote Access (SRA) service:
Is based on NCSC-approved CPA technology, including Cisco AnyConnect and Cisco VPN devices
Provides secure two-factor authentication based on UKCloud-assured device certificates
Has a walled garden architecture that enables you to deploy and manage appropriate systems in a DMZ, allowing secure, controlled onward access to workloads hosted on the UKCloud Elevated OFFICIAL security domain
Is integrated with the UKCloud Protective Monitoring solution (aligned with GPG13)
System administrators and mobile workers can securely access workloads running on Elevated OFFICIAL from locations that don't have alternative secure network connections such as PSN or HSCN.
Do I have to buy other UKCloud services to use UKCloud SRA?
Yes. UKCloud SRA is available only to customers purchasing other UKCloud services such as UKCloud for VMware, Cloud Storage or UKCloud for Red Hat OpenShift.
Is a free trial available for the service?
The assurance requirements related to this service mean that we're unable to provide a trial for this service.
How are licence packs applied for each of my SRA instances?
Licence packs are applied on a per-SRA basis; that is, if you have two separate SRA instances (for example, one per site), then you'd need to have two separate licence packs.
Does UKCloud provide the managed devices for using the SRA service?
No. We don't provide them, but we have partners who can provide the managed devices and other services if required.
If I plan to use SRA and a Walled Garden, can I use a single Walled Garden for both?
It's best to use two separate Walled Gardens within the Cross Domain Secure Zone, to ensure compliance requirements are met.
You can design a solution to use a single Walled Garden infrastructure, but you're likely to require a more intensive review during the assurance wrap process.
You'll still be billed for both services.
Can I connect to multiple virtual data centres (VDCs) from a single Walled Garden?
Yes. You only need to implement a single instance of SRA, as a bastion host can provide gateway services to more than one VDC. The assurance wrap process will outline the scope of connected services.
If you want to add additional services to your SRA service, you'll need to review your existing compliance documentation via the assurance wrap.
Can I use the UKCloud's SRA solution from outside the UK?
No. The nature of the UKCloud solution is that you must be using it from known endpoints inside the UK.
If you have international access requirements, please contact your account manager to discuss alternative options.
Application process
What is the process for applying for an SRA solution?
You can find the information you need in the UKCloud Portal Knowledge Centre.
If you're new to UKCloud, you should contact the UKCloud sales team to discuss your requirements.
What information must the application form include?
As a minimum the application form must include:
A business case explaining why you require an SRA solution
The technical architecture of the solution incorporating the UKCloud SRA
An assurance plan - your proposed approach to ensuring that risks are correctly identified, appropriate mitigation is implemented and residual risks are accepted so that both the customer and UKCloud SIROs can make an informed decision about the risks of the solution
What is likely to be included in the assurance plan?
The assurance plan includes:
Validation of requirements by the customer (department SIRO)
Evidence from the customer that end-user devices are configured and managed in line with minimum requirements (for example scope of PSN compliance with IA requirements)
Evidence from the customer that users of the SRA service are vetted and security-cleared in line with minimum requirements (scope of PSN compliance with IA requirements)
Confirmation by the customer that an appropriate security incident management process applies to the solution
Confirmation by the customer that the service will be accessed from the UK only
Confirmation by the customer and each individual user of agreement to the UKCloud Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)
Identification of data flows between the walled garden and the customer's solution (firewall access control list)
What requirements are placed on the access devices?
The service is compatible with customer-managed end-user devices that meet the following conditions:
Mandatory use of Cisco AnyConnect VPN Client or an embedded IPsec client that is assured under the NCSC CPA scheme (or equivalent standard) against the IPsec VPN for remote working software client security characteristics
Mandatory user-to-device authentication ensuring only authorised users can access the end-user devices
Mandatory user-to-service authentication ensuring only authorised users can access the SRA service
Mandatory device-to-service authentication ensuring only authorised end-user devices can access the SRA service
Mandatory use of a platform that supports platform integrity and application sandboxing to reduce the risk of the end-user device being compromised
Mandatory use of application whitelisting to reduce the risk of malicious code execution on the end-user device
Mandatory use of regularly updated anti-malware software to reduce the risk of malicious code execution on the end-user device
Mandatory use of enterprise-enforced security policies ensuring that end-users cannot override or reconfigure security-critical features
Mandatory use of external interface protection such as host-based firewalls to limit exposure of the end-user device to untrusted networks
Mandatory use of a device update policy to keep the end-user device regularly updated with security patches
Mandatory implementation of an incident response plan by the customer organisation to respond to security incidents such as loss of the end-user device
Configuration and management of end-user devices must be assured by the consuming organisation as being in line with NCSC end-user device guidance and compliant with PSN IA conditions
Recommended use of a CPA-approved (or equivalent standard) data-at-rest encryption solution
Recommended use of Secure Boot where available
Recommended use of an enterprise audit and monitoring service by the customer organisation to ensure security events are centrally logged and reviewed
How long will the assurance process take?
Each business case and proposed solution will be assessed by the UKCloud team, and must be approved by the UKCloud SIRO.
We aim to carry out the assessment within five days of receiving the business case and proposed solution, but we can't commit to timelines for approval.
What is the assurance wrap review?
If you need help gathering appropriate evidence, or effectively designing your SRA solution, we offer an assurance wrap review to guide you towards an effective design that will help to maximise your chances of meeting compliance requirements.
The variable nature of the engagement means we charge for the assurance wrap on a SFIA Rate Card basis, depending on the number of days' support needed.
What is the assurance process for approving an SRA solution?
Broadly, the assurance process is as follows:
Initial application
UKCloud design review (with a cloud architect)
Proposed evidence pack submission (by the customer)
Full evidence pack submission (by the customer)
UKCloud SIRO review and approval or rejection
Full details of each stage are available in the Knowledge Centre or from your account director.
Does the UKCloud assurance process replace the assurance requirements of any networks a solution may be connected to?
No. The UKCloud SRA service is designed to facilitate connectivity to services hosted on the UKCloud platform only.
What are the ongoing requirements?
When the SRA service is in operation, you are responsible for ensuring continuing compliance with Security Operating procedures (SyOps) and other security obligations.
Who makes the final decision to allow or deny the use of SRA?
The UKCloud SIRO is ultimately responsible for deciding which solutions and configurations are allowed.
Certificates
How long do SRA certificates last for?
SRA certificates last for 12 months. You'll need to renew certificates no later than two weeks before the certificates expire to avoid any interruption to your service.
How do I order additional SRA certificates?
To add additional certificates, raise a service request via the My Calls section of the UKCloud Portal, selecting the "Request Additional SRA Certificate(s)" option.
How do I renew or revoke an old certificate?
To renew or revoke your certificate, raise a service request via the My Calls section of the UKCloud Portal, selecting the "Renew and/or Revoke SRA Certificate" option.
For renewals, it's important you give us at least two weeks' notice to prevent a break in your service.
Can I renew or revoke my certificates in bulk?
Yes. To renew or revoke your certificates in bulk, raise a service request via the My Calls section of the UKCloud Portal, selecting the "Renew and/or Revoke multiple SRA Certificates" option.
Attach the Secure Remote Access bulk renewal/revoke form (available here) containing all the certificates you need renewing and/or revoking with details including User ID (UID) and certificate name. It would also be useful to provide host name or machine name.
For renewals, it's important you give us at least two weeks' notice to prevent a break in your service.
What are my responsibilities for this service?
You need to maintain a list of your certificates and advise us if you need to request new or additional certificates as well as needing any to be revoked.
Billing and legal
How will I be billed?
SRA has a minimum commitment period of three months and is billed monthly.
The billing model has two parts:
A per-user fee, bought in packs to cover your user base
An hourly rental fee for each bastion host required to support your access requirements
A small bastion host is provided free of charge each month per customer. If you decide to increase the size of this VM or provision additional VMs, you'll still receive the value of the first small VM free of charge per month and this will be deducted from the invoice if larger or additional VMs are used as bastion hosts.
Is there a minimum term?
The service is subject to a minimum term of three months. Termination within this initial term will incur an early exit charge.
What does the cost of SRA include?
SRA prices include:
Access to managed NCSC-approved VPN gateways
A Cisco AnyConnect licence for the end-user device
Two-factor authentication using device certificates
A walled garden virtual data centre, where you can deploy your application services
A small VM to use as a bastion host (additional costs apply for larger or additional VMs)
How will I be billed for the licences I use?
We use consumption-based billing for licences, and these are in packs. You'll be billed for the tier you use in that month (that is, the number of active certificates you have for your devices).
For example, if you usually operate with nine certificates for an SRA instance, you'd be billed for a 10-pack of licences. If, one month, you run a project that requires three more certificates for additional engineers, you'd be billed for a 25-pack of licences for that month. When you go back to nine certificates for your usual engineer access, you'd go back to being billed for a 10-pack of licences.
For more information about the different licence packs, see the UKCloud Pricing Guide.
Security
Why does use of CPA-approved solutions to access the UKCloud Elevated OFFICIAL environment via the internet require approval by the UKCloud SIRO?
UKCloud offers two ways to connect to the UKCloud platform's Elevated OFFICIAL security domain via a CPA-approved (or equivalent standard) solution:
By using the UKCloud-managed SRA service (covered in this FAQ)
By hosting self-managed CPA-approved (or equivalent standard) VPN solutions (see below)
CPA-approved (or equivalent standard) VPN solutions have undergone a less rigorous NCSC assurance process than CAPS-approved solutions. NCSC recognises that there is therefore greater risk associated with the robustness of these solutions.
As some PSN-accredited solutions (such as the UKCloud solution) host multiple customers, UKCloud has a responsibility to ensure that these less assured solutions are used appropriately. Therefore, you must have a compelling business case to justify why the use of CPA-approved (or equivalent standard) solutions is necessary. This business case is reviewed by the UKCloud SIRO (and periodically inspected by the PSN Accreditor) who will approve its use if appropriate.
For clarity, CPA-approved (or equivalent standard) VPN solutions may always be used to provide an encryption overlay on a CAS(T) compliant circuit. It's only the use of these solutions over non-CAS(T)-compliant circuits (for example, the internet) that require approval by the UKCloud SIRO.
Can I use UKCloud SRA to connect to the UKCloud Elevated OFFICIAL security domain?
Yes, subject to compliance with information assurance requirements. Our SRA service is designed to enable you to connect via the internet to your services hosted on the UKCloud Elevated OFFICIAL security domain, by using a CPA-approved VPN solution and other NCSC guidance such as Walled Gardens.
All traffic between the end-user device and the UKCloud Elevated OFFICIAL security domain must be routed through a Walled Garden hosted within the UKCloud Cross Domain Security Zone.
UKCloud is required to validate your ability to comply with information assurance requirements, which is why use of this service is subject to approval by the UKCloud SIRO.
Refer to the UKCloud SRA service description on the Digital Marketplace for more information.
Can I use UKCloud SRA to connect to other PSN services?
No. The UKCloud SRA service is designed to facilitate connectivity to services hosted on the UKCloud platform only.
Consider PSN-compliant remote access services if you require access to the broader PSN.
Feedback
If you find a problem with this article, click Improve this Doc to make the change yourself or raise an issue in GitHub. If you have an idea for how we could improve any of our services, send an email to feedback@ukcloud.com.


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Choose on which dataset you want the classifer model to be trained on:
GTZAN
Choose which classifier you want to use for predicting the musical genre:


About
The designated liaison for all campaign relations with a proven ability to meet business requirements. Planning, creating and managing content across different communication functions. Able to grow and develop in a dynamic environment with a flexible perspective. Successfully increased revenue and customer base. Consistently achieved objectives and are not averse to change.Skills
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A featured article on Omni Shopper
BrandZ is the world's largest brand equity database. Created in 1998 and continually updated. BrandZ is an invaluable resource, containing data on brands gathered from interviews with over 150,000 people every year in up to 400 studies around the world.


My name is Abdul Nawaz Bugti. I am from Balochistan, Pakistan and living in Switzerland since December 2014. I am currently participating in the Powercoders Zurich and learning web developing. I would love to live and work in Switzerland and aim to become a programmer or web developer.
I am a hardworking guy who loves reading, listening to music, working out and exercising, talking to people and learning new things. I am completely reliable and can work on my own & take responsibilities but also i love to work with teams.
In free time i love to travel and meet new people. I can talk about anything in the world and i can to listen whatever one can tell about.I am also very active on social media which enables me to meet and talk to anyone from any part of the world. To connect with me on my social media accounts please scroll below
Send me an email at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or get in touch with me on social media


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{% raw %}and conversation, the chief among ten{% endraw %}
{% raw %}thousand and the one altogether lovely."{% endraw %}
{% raw %}" Why does he appear so to you ?"{% endraw %}
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--- layout: article title: Sunlight Foundation description: Sunlight Foundation, Influence Explorer, the Latino Vote, Prop 37 and Agriculture Lobbies in California ---
At the Sunlight Foundation, I cleaned data on DC campaign finance for the organization's database, Influence Explorer, and wrote stories, including a feature on the importance of the Latino vote in the 2012 presidential election.
Below is the Influence Explorer profile page of the social welfare group, American Crossroads, which received extensive media coverage in 2012 for its support of conservative candidates.


| Rationale 基本原理 |
Virtual functions: From static to dynamic C++ 虚拟函数：从静态到动态的C++
Rules straddle the border between static and dynamic C++. In effect, a rule
transforms compile-time polymorphism (using templates) into run-time polymorphism
(using virtual functions). This is necessary due to C++'s inability to automatically
declare a variable of a type deduced from an arbitrarily complex expression
in the right-hand side (rhs) of an assignment. Basically, we want to do something
like:
规
则跨越了静态与动态C++的边界。实际上，规则将编译期的多态(使用模板实现)转换为运行期的多态(使用虚拟函数实现)。这是必要的，因为C++无法自动
声明由一个赋值操作的右操作数(rhs)中某个任意复杂的表达式所推导出来的某种类型的一个变量。基本上，我们想做的事情就象：
T rule = an_arbitrarily_complex_expression;
without having to know or care about the resulting type of the right-hand side
(rhs) of the assignment expression. Apart from this, we also need a facility
to forward declare an unknown type:
而不必知道或关心赋值表达式右侧(rhs)的结果类型。此外，我们还需要一种方法来前向声明一个未知的类型：
T rule;
...
rule = a | b;
These limitations lead us to this implementation of rules. This comes at the
expense of the overhead of a virtual function call, once through each invocation
of a rule.
这些限制使我们有了这种规则的实现。其代价是规则的每次调用都有一次虚拟函数调用的开销。
Multiple declaration 多次声明
Some BNF variants allow multiple declarations of a rule. The declarations
are taken as alternatives. Example:
有些BNF变体允许一个 rule 的多次声明。这些声明的结果是多选。例如：
r
= a; r = b;
is equivalent to:
相当于：
r
= a | b;
Spirit v1.3 allowed this behavior. However, the current version of Spirit no
longer allows this because experience shows that this behavior leads to
unwanted gotchas (for instance, it does not allow rules to be held in containers).
In the current release of Spirit, a second assignment to a rule will simply
redefine it. The old definition is destructed. This follows more closely C++
semantics and is more in line with what the user expects the rule to behave.
Spirit v1.3 允许此种行为。但是，当前版本的Spirit不再允许此种行为，因为经验显示，该行为会导致不必要的陷阱(例如，它不允许将规则保存于容器之中)。在当前的Spirit版本中，对规则的第二次赋值只会重新定义它。旧的定义被析构。这更接近于C++的语义，并与用户所期望的规则行为更为一致。
Sequencing Syntax 表示顺序的语法
The comma operator as in a, b seems to be a better candidate, syntax-wise. But
then the problem is with its precedence. It has the lowest precedence in C/C++,
which makes it virtually useless.
逗号操作符如 a, b 似乎是一种更好的选择，语法更明晰。但问题是它的优先级。在C/C++中它的优先级最低，这使得它变得毫无用处。
Bjarne Stroustrup, in his article "Generalizing
Overloading for C++2000" talks about overloading whitespace. Such a
feature would allow juxtapositioning of parser objects exactly as we do in (E)BNF
(e.g. a b | c instead of a >> b | c). Unfortunately, the article was dated
April 1, 1998. Oh well.
Bjarne Stroustrup在它的文章 "Generalizing
Overloading for C++2000" 中讨论了重载的空白。这种特性将允许分析器对象的juxtapositioning正如我们在(E)BNF
所做的一样(如以 a b | c 替代 a >> b | c)。不幸的是，文章的日期是1998年4月1日。哦。
Forward iterators 前向迭代器
In general, the scanner expects at least a standard conforming forward iterator.
Forward iterators are needed for backtracking where the iterator needs to be
saved and restored later. Generally speaking, Spirit is a backtracking parser.
The implication of this is that at some point, the iterator position will have
to be saved to allow the parser to backtrack to a previous point. Thus, for
backtracking to work, the framework requires at least a forward iterator.
一
般来说，扫描器至少需要一个符合标准的前向迭代器。前向迭代器是回溯所需的，因为迭代器需要被保存且稍后恢复。通常来说，Spirit是一个回溯分析器。
其含义是，在某些时候，迭代器的位置必须被保存以允许分析器回溯至以前的点。因此，为了可以回溯，本框架至少要求一个前向迭代器。
Some parsers might require more specialized iterators (bi-directional or even
random access). Perhaps in the future, deterministic parsers when added to the
framework, will perform no backtracking and will need just a single token lookahead,
hence will require input iterators only.
有些分析器可能要求更为特殊的迭代器(双向的甚至是随机访问的)。也许在将来，确定性的分析器被增加到本框架中时，将不再执行回溯，只需要前瞻一个记号，这时只需要输入迭代器即可。
Why are subrules important? 为什么子规则是重要的？
Subrules open up the oportunity to do aggressive meta programming as well because
they do not rely on virtual functions. The virtual function is the meta-programmer's
hell. Not only does it slow down the program due to the virtual function indirect
call, it is also an opaque wall where no metaprogram can get past. It kills
all meta-information beyond the virtual function call. Worse, the virtual function
cannot be templated. Which means that its arguments have to be tied to a actual
types. Many problems stem from this limitation.
子
规则提供了元编程的机会，因为它们不依赖于虚拟函数。虚拟函数是元编程者的地狱。它不仅因为虚拟函数的间接调用降低了程序的速度，它还是一堵不透明的墙，
元编程无法穿过它。它在虚拟函数调用之前去掉了所有元信息。更糟的是，虚拟函数不能被模板化。这意味着它的参数必须绑定至实际的类型。许多问题正是源于这
个限制。
While Spirit is a currently classified as a non-deterministic recursive-descent
parser, Doug Gregor first noted that other parsing techniques apart from top-down
recursive descent may be applied. For instance, apart from non-deterministic
recursive descent, deterministic LL(1) and LR(1) can theoretically be implemented
using the same expression template front end. Spirit rules use virtual functions
to encode the RHS parser expression in an opaque abstract parser type. While
it serves its purpose well, the rule's virtual functions are the stumbling blocks
to more advanced metaprogramming. Subrules are free from virtual functions.
虽
然目前Spirit被分类为非确定性的递归下降分析器，但Doug
Gregor首先注意到，除了自顶而下的递归下降法以外的其它分析技术也是可以适用的。例如，除了非确定性的递归下降法，确定性的 LL(1) 和
LR(1)
理论上也可以被实现为使用相同的表达式模板前端。Spirit的规则使用了虚拟函数来将RHS分析器表达式编码为一个不透明的抽象分析器类型。虽然它很好
地达到其目的，但是规则所用的虚拟函数是进一步使用元编程的绊脚石。子规则则不受虚拟函数的限制。
Exhaustive backtracking and greedy RD 穷举回溯和贪心RD
Spirit doesn't do exhaustive backtracking like regular expressions are expected
to. For example:
Spirit并不象正则表达式所期望的那样进行穷举回溯。例如：
*chlit_p('a') >> chlit_p('a');
will always fail to match because Spirit's Kleene star does not back off when
the rest of the rule fails to match.
总是匹配失败，因为当规则的其余部分匹配失败时，Spirit的克林星不会回退。
Actually, there's a solution to this greedy RD problem. Such a scheme is discussed
in section 6.6.2 of Parsing Techniques: A Practical
Guide. The trick involves passing a tail parser (in addition to
the scanner) to each parser. The start parser will then simply be: start
>> end_p; (end_p is the start's tail).
实际上，这个贪心RD的问题有一个解决方法。该机制在 Parsing Techniques: A Practical
Guide 的第6.6.2节中讨论。该诀窍包含了传递一个 tail 分析器(除了扫描器以外)给每一个分析器。然后起始分析器只需写成：start
>> end_p; (end_p 是 start 的 tail)。
Spirit is greedy --using straight forward, naive RD. It is certainly possible
to implement the fully backtracking scheme presented above, but there will be
also certainly be a performance hit. The scheme will always try to match all
possible parser paths (full parser hierarchy traversal) until it reaches a point
of certainty, that the whole thing matches or fails to match.
Spirit是贪心的--使用简单、自然的RD。当然，它可以实现以上所说的全回溯机制，但是显然这也是一个性能上的挑战。该机制总是尝试匹配所有可能的分析器路径(完全的分析器层次遍历)，直至到达某个可以确定完全匹配或匹配失败的点。
Backtracking
and Greedy RD 回溯与贪心RD Spirit 对于何时回溯以及回溯至何处是相当连贯和直观的，虽然对于来自不同的背景它可能不是很明显。通常，任何(子)分析器，给定相同的输入，总是匹配相同的部分 输入(或者根本就匹配失败)。这意味着Spirit本身就是贪心的。Spirit仅当一个(子)分析器匹配输入失败时才进行回溯，而且它总是回溯至分析器 结构中向上的(不是向后)下一个选择点。换句话说，abb|ab 将匹配 "ab"，a(bb|b) 也一样，但 (ab|a)b 则非如此，因为子分析器 (ab|a) 只要可能就总是在 'a' 之后匹配一个 'b'。 --Rainer Deyke |
There's a strong preference on "simplicity with all the knobs when you
need them" approach, right now. On the other hand, the flexibility of Spirit
makes it possible to have different optional schemes available. It might be
possible to implement an exhaustive backtracking RD scheme as an optional feature
in the future.
对于"需要时就使用所有旋钮"这一方法，现在有一种强烈的偏好。另一方面，Spirit的灵活性令它可以有不同的可选机制。将来它也许可以实现一个穷举回溯的RD机制作为可选的特性。
Copyright © 1998-2003 Joel de Guzman
Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)


Speech To Text Invoice
Speak
Question
Say Bill Number
Answer
P965QDWC456
Talgo Name :
Invoice Header
Country Code:
Document Type:
Software Certificate :
Supplier NIF Number :
Supplier Name :
Invoice Number :
Invoice Date :
Due Date :
Buyer NIF Number:
Software Certificate Hash:
Total Amounts
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Date/Time:
11/30/2020, 12:24:12 PM


A RaspberryPI Surveillance Monitor
IOT - Everyone & Everything is connected
“By creating an example end-to-end eco-system we want to trigger and nurture curiosity towards IOT - the technology, appliances, impact, opportunities and risks.”
“Every significant journey in computer science starts with a hello world!”
I want to get you to the "keep on experimenting" part as fast as possible. This is where the brilliant stuff happens!
HDMI to monitor, USB keyboard and mouse, MicroSD card loaded, USB Micro power adapter
and pre-installed stuff like
Arduino - The Open Source electronics plattform
Arduino Uno: Micro controller (ATmega328P), 14 Digital I/O Pins - 6 is PWM, 6 Analoge Input Pins, 5v, 3.3v, USB Connection.
A ton of sensors and examples available.
Using USB would be a good start
Start Arduino IDE
Making the internal led blink
|
void setup() {
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
delay(1000);
}
Adding a breadboard with led
Put led on pin digital 13, led short-pin is negative. 1K resistor.No need to change any code
Breadboard - a versatile experimentation device
Adding a button, turning led on/off
Move led to digital 9, button on digital pin 7. 1K resistor.
int ledPin = 9; int buttonPin = 7; void setup() { pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT); digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW); Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { int buttonStatus = digitalRead(buttonPin); if (buttonStatus == HIGH) { digitalWrite(ledPin,HIGH); //Serial.println("High"); } else { digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW); //Serial.println("Low"); } }
'Tool->Serial monitor' for debugging
Task: Change Arduino logic to include state, know if led is on/off and change accordingly
One push turns led on, the next turns led off
RaspberryPI - The Credit-card-sized computer
RPI v3, Model B: 1.2 Ghz 64-Bits Quad Core Arm CPU, Wifi, Bluetooth, 1 GB Ram, 4 Usb Ports, 40 GPIO Pins (only Digital), Full HDMI Support, Ethernet port, Audio Jack, Micro SD storage,Own video graphics core
Supporting multiple Linux versions and Windows 10 IOT Core
A huge community, a lot of appliances, a lot of sensors and examples available.
Using a terminal window, we create a home (folder) for our project andthen init git and node
(Use prefix for folder name, like "abc-iotrocks")
cd
mkdir -p code/iotrocks
cd code/iotrocks
git init
npm init (default on all questions)
touch index.js
Edit index.js
console.log("Hello world");
Execute our nodejs hello world
node index.js
Use gui tool or edit
identity=""
password=""
Remember "ifdown wlan0" and "ifup wlan0" to restart network interface (use sudo)
Firmata is a protocol for communicating with microcontrollers from software on a computer (or smartphone/tablet, etc). The protocol can be implemented in firmware on any microcontroller architecture as well as software on any computer software package
Tools->Port to select usb port to Arduino
Let us extend our RPI "hello world" to include Johnny-Five
Edit index.js (geany index.js &) to use J5 and the led
var five = require("johnny-five");
var board = new five.Board({
repl: false,
debug: false
});
board.on("ready", function() {
var led = new five.Led(9);
led.on();
});
Preparing johnny-five for node & executing index.js
(Standing in the project directory ~/code/iotrocks/)
npm install johnny-five --save
node index.js
Be patient - it takes 1-2 seconds to initialize board and turn the led on
Adding support for the button
(Alter the board.on function in index.js)
board.on("ready", function() {
console.log("Board is ready");
var led = new five.Led(9);
var button = new five.Button({
pin: 7,
invert: true
});
led.off();
button.on("press", function() {
led.on();
});
button.on("release", function() {
led.off();
});
});
Run code and verify
(Hint: Explore J5 api)
Dallas DS18B20
ACCURACY +/- 0.5°C (from -10°C to +85°C) SENSITIVITY RANGE -55°C to +125°C (-67°F to +257°F)
A few notes on wiring our sensor; - is ground, S is signal - digital pin, the middle pin is 5v. Use a 4.7K resistor (approx).
Extend index.js with this code i the board.on function
board.on("ready", function() {
..
var temp = new five.Thermometer({
controller: "DS18B20",
pin: 2
});
..
button.on("press", function() {
led.on();
console.log("Temperature " + temp.celsius + "C");
});
Run code and verify. Problems?
We are using the on-board camera interface on our Raspberry PI
6/8 mp sensor, high def video and photos. A lot of applicances and example code
Wiring the camera
Do a graceful shutdown of the RPI and disconnect power prior to connecting the camera!
Taking snapshots:
We have a lot of application and modules, for both Python and Nodejs to use the on-board camera
raspistill is a good command line utility for using the camera
We have allready enabled the camera interface using raspi-config
Adding camera support - step 1/2
New declaration at top of index.js
var snapshot = require("./snapshot.js");
Extending button function in index.js
button.on("press", function() {
led.on();
console.log("Temperature " + temp.celsius + "C");
snapshot.takeSnapshot(function callback(err) {
if (err) {
console.log('Unable to take camera snapshot ', err);
}
});
});
Adding camera support - step 2/2
Create a new file, snapshot.js
var child_process = require('child_process');
function takeSnapshot(cb) {
var timestamp = Date.now();
var filename = "/tmp/" + timestamp + "_snapshot";
var args = ['-o', filename, '--nopreview'];
var spawn = child_process.spawn('raspistill', args);
spawn.on('exit', function(code) {
console.log('A snapshot was save as ' + filename +
' with exit code, ' + code);
});
}
exports.takeSnapshot = takeSnapshot;
Do a npm install child_process --save to include the new module in our eco-system Run and verify code
Say hello to the PIR sensor
Wiring the PIR sensor
Put the signal pin on digital pin 8
Remove PIR lid to identify proper wiring
Adding code to support motions detection
New declaration in the board.on function
var motion = new five.Motion(8);
Adding code to motion triggered events step 1/2 (board.on)
motion.on("calibrated", function() {
console.log("Motion calibrated");
});
motion.on("motionend", function() {
console.log("Motion ended");
led.off();
});
Adding code to motion triggered events 2/2 (board.on)
motion.on("motionstart", function() {
console.log("Motion detected");
led.on();
snapshot.takeSnapshot(function callback(err) {
if (err) {
console.log('Unable to take camera snapshot ', err);
}
});
});
Some code lines
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C<EMAIL_ADDRESS>ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
... we recommend using a password for the ssh key
... add key to you github account
git remote add origin git@github.com:swsvg/"name of repo".git
git push -u origin master
We will utilize Azure Storage - file storage
Our goal is to push the camera snapshots into the cloud - scary stuff!
We need to perform a few steps to prepare Azure
A word of wizdom - good cloud people are good janitors.Cleaning up and having good cloud hygiene is smart!
We have storage - it is time to prepare our app
First step is to export environment variables that nodejs picks up to access the storage account It would be a good idea to put these into a text file. KEEP THIS INFO OUT OF VERSION CONTOL
export AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT="account name"
export AZURE_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY="access key"
Next step is to include support for azure storage in nodejs
npm install azure-storage --save
Adding code to our app ... takes too long to type ...
Open (lab-9) - copy & paste files
https://github.com/larskaare/hackathon_iot_rpimonitor/tree/master/labs
alternative
https://goo.gl/LvjOX8
Customize vars in azstorage.js
var sharename = "";
var directory = "";
We will utilize Azure DocumentDB - to store sensor data
We will use the NodeJs SDK - rather than REST to communicate with DocumentDB
DocumentDB is a NoSql database.Information is stored in JSON documents
We need to perform a few steps to prepare Azure
A word of wizdom - It is a good practice to read up on the service description.An early focus on security is smart!
We have a home for sensor data - it is time to prepare our app
First step is to export environment variables that nodejs picks up to access the database It would be a good idea to put these into a text file. KEEP THIS INFO OUT OF VERSION CONTOL
export AZURE_DOCUMENTDB_HOST="URI"
export AZURE_DOCUMENTDB_MASTERKEY="primary key"
Next step is to include support for Azure DocumentDB in nodejs
npm install documentdb --save
npm install guid --save
Again, adding code to our app ... takes too much time
Open (lab-10) - copy & paste file(s)
https://github.com/larskaare/hackathon_iot_rpimonitor/tree/master/labs
alternative
https://goo.gl/LvjOX8
Customize vars in azdocument.js
Documents are part of a collection, a database holds multiple collections
var databaseName = '';
var collectionName = '';
It is up to you what to do next :)
Some suggestions
Add another sensor, like light or movements - push data to the cloud
Change instrumentation on cloud side, utilize IOT-Hub & Stream Analytics
Control device using IOT Hub SDK
Re-Write app to utilize Python rather than NodeJs
With, or without, support from the Arduino
Use other tools to capture and visualize data(like InfluxDB + Graphana)
Use PowerBI to Analyse & and Visualise sensor data
Create a web application to control the device and show snapshots.Potential features:
Capture video
Create web application which steams live video & sensor data from device
Up the game and focus on managing huge amounts of sensor data
From a security perspective, explore the device, the app, the cloud services etc used in our example
Send the snapshot to external api's for processing (could determine content, faces, moods ++)
Focus on the native Arduino - and it's capabilities
Re-write the example app into a piece of art,like any decent craftman would have done.
"Software Development" on Yammer - or even on Twitter?


'Frozen 2' ices out competition in North American box office
The movie takes in an estimated $127 million according to industry watcher Exhibitor Relations
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June 10, 2002
Secret airport toilet rendevous prevented
Stuff NZ | Submitted by: Ogle
It seems there has been a problem with unauthorised meetings in the toilets
at Auckland airport. "Travellers on some international flights departing
Auckland are being barred from going to the toilet immediately before they
board to cut down the possibility of secret bathroom rendezvous."
We like the sound of the words secret bathroom rendezvous.
|
|
Read article...
|
|
Wal-Mart's shitty business ethics
Editor & Publisher | Submitted by: Ann Onymous
Wal-Mart, of course, has been a retailing juggernaut -- and famous shunner of newspaper advertising -- going all the way back to 1962 when Sam Walton and his brother, Bud, opened their first store in Rogers, Ark. Built on cheap land in rural markets, the first Wal-Marts set a pattern as slash-and-burn competitors. When Iowa State University economist Kenneth E. Stone studied the effect Wal-Mart stores had on small towns in Iowa between 1983 and 1993, he estimated Wal-Mart sent 7,300 businesses packing. Among them were 555 grocery stores or supermarkets, 293 building-supply stores, and 264 men's or women's apparel stores.
|
|
Read article...
|
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Euro cybercrime proposal tramples privacy
Observer | Submitted by: spook
"Millions of personal emails, other internet information and telephone
records are to be made accessible to the police and intelligence services
in a move that has been denounced by critics as one of the most wide
ranging extensions of state power over private information."
|
|
Read article...
|
|
Rumsfeld warns of unknown unknowns
Reuters | Submitted by: wingnut
Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld confused EVERYONE on Thursday.
A direct quote: "The message is that there are no knowns. There are
things we know that we know. There are known unknowns, that is to
say there are things we now know we don't know. But there are also
unknown unknowns -- things we do not know we don't know."
|
|
Read article...
|
|
Plane hits Kangaroo
News Corporation | Submitted by: Rosie O'Donnell
Australian Kangaroos seem to be making the extra leap to dodge the bullets at
ground level: but if they jump too high, they have a new obstacle...
|
|
Read article...
|
|
Policemen party hard at antidrug bash
Sun | Submitted by: spook
At a charity bash to promote an anti-drugs group a senior policeman and
nine colleagues prove that you don't need drugs to have fun: "The five
women were being passed around and there were tongues down throats and
hands everywhere in full view of everybody. At one point, Mr Cawley had his
jacket around him and a woman officer’s hands were down his trousers."
|
|
Read article...
|
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Officials complain about aerial photos of targets
Guardian | Submitted by: pete the anarchist
"Detailed aerial photos of Aldermaston, Porton Down and scores of other
potential targets are available for free over the net. The images are
legal but [ignorant] defence experts are calling for them to be removed
or banned." We added the word [ignorant] because you can still photograph
the installations in question from nearby hills.
|
|
Read article...
|
|
Nineteen die from cologne in Saudi Arabia
online.ie | Submitted by: KC
What happens when alcohol is outlawed?
"Nineteen people died and 17 others were in hospital after drinking
cologne containing methanol, according to reports. Police officials told
the daily Okaz that the 19 died after drinking the cologne laced with
methanol, a poisonous substance normally used as an antifreeze."
|
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Read article...
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Police hunt criminal chimp
Sun | Submitted by: kate w, Nick Thompson
"A stunned burglary victim last night told how he woke up to find a
chimpanzee stealing his mobile phone. Cops think the ape raided ANOTHER
flat two hours earlier after being trained to steal."
|
|
Read article... and
This article...
|
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Ice Cream Man goes into slavery business
Wire Services | Submitted by: ian m.
"An ice cream vendor allegedly smuggled undocumented Mexican workers into
the country, forcing them to peddle frozen treats from pushcarts to repay
their debts, authorities say... La Super Plateria, whose salesmen peddle
frozen treats from bell-equipped pushcarts during the spring and summer, has
been under scrutiny by the Immigration and Naturalization Service for several
months, agent Al Pineda said."
|
|
Read article...
|
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Mao's China tainted by boy band stigma
International Herald Tribune | Submitted by: Son of Benway
"Sky Wang joined thousands of women and girls on a recent Saturday to
mob four stars from Taiwan whose boy band and soap opera have taken China by
storm... Along the way, Wang recalled, she went "totally crazy" several times,
saw frenzied fans crush a live rabbit brought as a present for one of the
stars, touched her favorite singer and - her big triumph - succeeded in
tossing him a pair of sunglasses. "Blue lenses," she recounted.
"So cool. It's his favorite."
|
|
Read article...
|
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Mother kills son to save him from porn
Minneapolis Star Tribune | Submitted by: anonymous
"The defendant then took out a knife, approached the victim who was
still on the telephone and started stabbing [13 year old] victim Stephen
Burns," Wagstaffe read. Stephen died of at least 15 stab wounds to his
back, legs and left arm and hand, Wagstaffe said...
She told the San Francisco Chronicle about two weeks after the killing that
she was convinced that she was saving her son from child pornographers."
Not that there is any evidence to the truth of that.
|
|
Read article...
|
|
Future killers may enjoy animal cruelty
CNN | Submitted by: metaload
The animal-torturing tendencies of some youths is getting more attention
from prosecutors and shrinks, who have called such pasttimes "understudied
and underreported." Literature for the U.S. Humane Society's First Strike
Campaign includes background on serial killers and mass murderers
who in their youth tormented animals.
|
|
Read article...
|
|
Paging Dr. Frankenstein...
Straits Times | Submitted by: george_lazenby
"With engineering principles normally employed in the textile and construction industries, they have used weaving and scaffolding techniques to generate samples of human tissue, bone, ligaments, nerves and even extra-strong fillings for decaying teeth." Can a scourge of mad scientists really be that far off?
|
|
Read article...
|
|
I've never vomited so hard
CBS News | Submitted by: Mr. Ramon
This article is illustrated with what everyone would agree is an
atrocity: A photo depicting Janet Reno and Martin Sheen kissing on the lips.
|
|
Read article...
|
|
Thou shalt not eat thy neighbor's koi
BBC | Submitted by: JudgeMental
As "Neighbours From Hell" stories go, you have to admit that this one has a
certain style... Not only stealing your neighbours' fish, but then cooking and
eating them in full view of your victims. The only thing we don't know is:
what do Koi actually *taste* like?
|
|
Read article...
|
|
JDG to form kosher militia in NYC
New York Post | Submitted by: Son of Benway
"Rabbi Yakove Lloyd, founder and president of the ultra-conservative Jewish Defense Group, said patrols will begin in Borough Park and Flatbush on June 16 in response to comments Abdul Rahman Yasin made on CBS's "60 Minutes" last week...Some of them who are licensed to carry firearms will do so, he said. Others will carry unloaded shotguns in bags (and) some in the vigilante group also will be wielding bats, pipes, cell phones and walkie-talkies."
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Read article...
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This application takes a user's birthday and calculates the day of the week they were born & depending on their gender outputs their Akan Name. In Ghana, children are given their first name(Akan name) according to the day in the week they were born.
Here are some Akan Names, Take a step to get yours too!:


Realmeye API Test
Jakcodex / Realmeye API
Check out the Jakcodex / Realmeye API in action here! Lookup information and get sample code that shows what you're trying to do.
This page uses the REST API service offered at https://reapi.jakcodex.io/ to perform lookups.
See the project on Github for more information and source code. See the Privacy Policy for related info.
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1) In a computer's graphical user interface ( GUI ), an icon (pronounced EYE-kahn ) is an image that represents an application, a capability, or some other concept or specific entity with meaning for the user. An icon is usually selectable but can also be a nonselectable image such as a company's logo.
2) On a Web page, an icon is often a graphical image that represents the topic or information category of another Web page. Frequently, the icon is a hypertext link to that page. Typically, icons are gathered in one or two places on a page, either as separate graphic files or as a single image map . 3) Icon is also a lexical programming language, commonly thought to be an evolution of the SNOBOL programming language


| Previous segment | - |
| Sum of Bests | - |
| 0:00.0 |
Now you've created or loaded your timer, and you're ready to play !
Just click on the Start
button below to start the timer.
Then, you have 3 possible actions:
With these actions, you should be able to manage your run quite easily. Of course, if you're running, aiming and clicking on buttons is quite hard. To address this issue, you can also use keyboard shortcuts to do these actions:
Space
to start/splitDown arrow
to skipUp arrow
to go backBackspace
to resetHere are the settings that don't rely on the timer, and will work during all of your timer usage.
You can use some buttons of your gamepad through Splitty to split during your runs if you're playing on emulator. This has been made because since the timer is in a browser, it's impossible to split while being on the emulator window. Of course, these buttons are configurable, and you can select which controller you'll be using, in case you have more than one.


--- layout: post title: no title date: '2016-03-30T07:45:58+02:00' categories: - Sketches picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/141953124166 ---


NL_FGP_BUILDER_PROD
Documentation du Workbench FME pour Terre-Neuve et Labrador
Description
This workbench read and trasform all the metadata for the province of NewFoundLand & Labrador (NL)
Input Ports
- None
Output Ports
- None
Parameters
-
ACTIVATE_GEO: Flag enabling the processing of the geospatial features. Can take two values: Yes: Process the geospatial features; No: Do not process the geospatial features.
-
ACTIVATE_NON_GEO: Flag enabling the processing of the none geospatial features. Can take two values: Yes: Process the none geospatial features; No: Do not process the none geospatial features.
-
ACTIVATE_TRANSLATION: Flag enabling the translation of the texts using AWS service. Can take two values: Yes: Translates the texts; No: Do not translate the texts. The Yes flag can only be used in production mode.
-
CATALOGUE_READER_SELECT: Flag enabling the reading of the metadata from the P/T web service. Can take two values: Yes: Read the metadata from the P/T web service; No: Read the metadata from a local source on disk.
-
FORCED_PYCSW_URL: URL address of the PYCSW server used to update the metadata.
-
IN_FFS_TESTING_FILE: Name of a FFS file containing the metadata records read from the CATALOGUE_READER. This file is used when the parameter: CATALOGUE_READER_SELECT is set to No.
-
LOCAL_SOURCE_METADATA_DELTA_FINDER: Flag enabling the use of a local source for the metadata delta finder. Can take two values: Yes: Use a local source as defined by the parameter OUT_XML_LOCAL_DIR; No: use the content PyCSW server as defined by the parameter: FORCED_PYCSW_URL.
-
LOCAL_WRITER: Flag enabling to write the output locally or on the server. Can take two values: Yes: Write the output locally as defined by the parameter:OUT_XML_LOCAL_DIR; No: Write the output in the PyCSW server as defined by the parameter: FORCEDS_PYCSW_URL.
-
P_T_ABBR: Two letter abbreviation code of the province or terrirtory (ex.: ON, QC, ...).
-
METADATA_OVERWRITE: Enable the overwite of the PyCSW. Can take two values: Yes: Overwrite the contentof the PyCSW; No: Do no overwrite the content of the PyCSW.
-
IN_OUT_WORKING_DIR: Root working directory used to define the following private parameters:
- IN_CSV_LOOKUP_TABLES_DIR: Source directory of the root of the lookup table files. Defined as: \LOOKUP_TABLES
- IN_GMD_XML_TEMPLATES_DIR: Source directory of the root XML templates. Defined as: \XML_TEMPLATES
- INJSON_TEMPLATE_DIR: Source directory of the root JSON templates. Defined as: \JSON_TEMPLATES
- LOG_FILE: Output log file. Defined as: C:\Data\PT_Harvester\QC\LOG\QC.log
- OUT_JSON_LOCAL_DIR: Source directory to output JSON files. Defined as: C:\Data\PT_Harvester\QC\JSON_LOCAL
- OUT_XLS_NOTIFICATION: Source directory to output excel files. Defined as: C:\Data\PT_Harvester\QC\XLS
- OUT_XML_FAILED_DIR: Source directory to output failed XML files. Defined as: C:\Data\PT_Harvester\QC\XML_FAILED
- OUT_XML_LOCAL_DIR: Source directory to output Local Source XML files. Defined as: C:\Data\PT_Harvester\QC\XML_LOCAL
- OUT_XML_PASSED_DIR: Source directory to output passedXML files. Defined as: C:\Data\PT_Harvester\QC\XML_PASSED
-
SAMPLE_SIZE: Number of features to process. Zero (0) means process all the features. A number n greater than 0 means sample or process only the first n features.
-
URL_VALIDATION : Indicates to validate or not created URL. (Should be Yes for prod)
Description
This workbench read and trasform all the metadata for the province of NewFoundLand & Labrador (NL)
Input Ports
- None
Output Ports
- None
Parameters
-
ACTIVATE_GEO: Flag enabling the processing of the geospatial features. Can take two values: Yes: Process the geospatial features; No: Do not process the geospatial features.
-
ACTIVATE_NON_GEO: Flag enabling the processing of the none geospatial features. Can take two values: Yes: Process the none geospatial features; No: Do not process the none geospatial features.
-
ACTIVATE_TRANSLATION: Flag enabling the translation of the texts using AWS service. Can take two values: Yes: Translates the texts; No: Do not translate the texts. The Yes flag can only be used in production mode.
-
CATALOGUE_READER_SELECT: Flag enabling the reading of the metadata from the P/T web service. Can take two values: Yes: Read the metadata from the P/T web service; No: Read the metadata from a local source on disk.
-
FORCED_PYCSW_URL: URL address of the PYCSW server used to update the metadata.
-
IN_FFS_TESTING_FILE: Name of a FFS file containing the metadata records read from the CATALOGUE_READER. This file is used when the parameter: CATALOGUE_READER_SELECT is set to No.
-
LOCAL_SOURCE_METADATA_DELTA_FINDER: Flag enabling the use of a local source for the metadata delta finder. Can take two values: Yes: Use a local source as defined by the parameter OUT_XML_LOCAL_DIR; No: use the content PyCSW server as defined by the parameter: FORCED_PYCSW_URL.
-
LOCAL_WRITER: Flag enabling to write the output locally or on the server. Can take two values: Yes: Write the output locally as defined by the parameter:OUT_XML_LOCAL_DIR; No: Write the output in the PyCSW server as defined by the parameter: FORCEDS_PYCSW_URL.
-
P_T_ABBR: Two letter abbreviation code of the province or terrirtory (ex.: ON, QC, ...).
-
METADATA_OVERWRITE: Enable the overwite of the PyCSW. Can take two values: Yes: Overwrite the contentof the PyCSW; No: Do no overwrite the content of the PyCSW.
-
IN_OUT_WORKING_DIR: Root working directory used to define the following private parameters:
- IN_CSV_LOOKUP_TABLES_DIR: Source directory of the root of the lookup table files. Defined as: \LOOKUP_TABLES
- IN_GMD_XML_TEMPLATES_DIR: Source directory of the root XML templates. Defined as: \XML_TEMPLATES
- INJSON_TEMPLATE_DIR: Source directory of the root JSON templates. Defined as: \JSON_TEMPLATES
- LOG_FILE: Output log file. Defined as: C:\Data\PT_Harvester\QC\LOG\QC.log
- OUT_JSON_LOCAL_DIR: Source directory to output JSON files. Defined as: C:\Data\PT_Harvester\QC\JSON_LOCAL
- OUT_XLS_NOTIFICATION: Source directory to output excel files. Defined as: C:\Data\PT_Harvester\QC\XLS
- OUT_XML_FAILED_DIR: Source directory to output failed XML files. Defined as: C:\Data\PT_Harvester\QC\XML_FAILED
- OUT_XML_LOCAL_DIR: Source directory to output Local Source XML files. Defined as: C:\Data\PT_Harvester\QC\XML_LOCAL
- OUT_XML_PASSED_DIR: Source directory to output passedXML files. Defined as: C:\Data\PT_Harvester\QC\XML_PASSED
-
SAMPLE_SIZE: Number of features to process. Zero (0) means process all the features. A number n greater than 0 means sample or process only the first n features.
-
URL_VALIDATION : Indicates to validate or not created URL. (Should be Yes for prod)


{% extends "gauth/gauth_base.html" %} {% load feincms_tags i18n applicationcontent_tags %} {% block title %}{{ block.super }}{% trans 'Sign up closed' %}{% endblock %} {% block breadcrumbs %} {{ block.super }}
{% blocktrans %}The code you provided was not accepted.{% endblocktrans %}
{% else %}{% blocktrans %}Sign up is closed to the general public.{% endblocktrans %}
{% endif %}


{% include head.html %}
{% include analytics-gtm-body.html %} {% include nav.html %}
{{ content }}
{% include footer.html %} {% include footer-scripts.html %}


"""
I²C Module
==========
This module contains definitions for managing
and controlling I²C devices.
"""
import smbus2
import time
[docs]class I2CDevice:
"""
This class represents an I²C device and implements it's
bare-metal functions like reading and writing bytes from
and to the device.
The sleep at the end of every writing sequence method is necessary
because of the clock speed of every standard I²C device, 100kHz. By making the Pi
sleep for 0.0001 seconds after each writing sequence we make sure that we
are not sending two bytes in one clock cycle.
:ivar int addr: The address of the device on it's bus.
:ivar int bus: The number of the bus the device is connected to.
"""
def __init__(self, addr: int, bus: int):
self.addr = addr
self.bus = smbus2.SMBus(bus)
[docs] def write_byte(self, byte: int):
"""
Writes a byte to the device.
:param int byte: The byte to write.
"""
self.bus.write_byte(self.addr, byte)
time.sleep(0.0001)
[docs] def write_byte_register(self, register: int, byte: int):
"""
Writes a byte to a specific register.
:param int register: The address of the register to write to.
:param int byte: The byte to write to the register.
"""
self.bus.write_byte_data(self.addr, register, byte)
time.sleep(0.0001)
[docs] def write_block_register(self, register: int, block: int):
"""
Writes a block of bytes to a specific register.
:param int register: The address of the register to write to.
:param int block: The block of bytes to write.
"""
self.bus.write_i2c_block_data(self.addr, register, block)
time.sleep(0.0001)
[docs] def read_byte(self) -> int:
"""
Reads a single byte from the device.
:returns: The read byte.
:rtype: int
"""
return self.bus.read_byte(self.addr)
[docs] def read_byte_register(self, register: int) -> int:
"""
Reads a single byte from a specific register.
:param int register: The address of the register to read from.
:returns: The read byte.
:rtype: int
"""
return self.bus.read_byte_data(self.addr, register)
[docs] def read_block_register(self, register: int, length: int) -> int:
"""
Reads a block of bytes from a specific register.
:param int register: The address of the register to read from.
:param int length: The length of the block to read.
:returns: The read block of bytes.
:rtype: int
"""
return self.bus.read_i2c_block_data(self.addr, register, length)
[docs]class I2CDisplay(I2CDevice):
"""
This class represents an I²C enabled LCD display.
It implements the I2CDevice and adds functions for
printing text and toggling backlight. Displays with
up to four lines are supported.
:ivar int lines: The amount of lines on the display.
:ivar int line_length: The line length of the display.
:ivar bool backlight: The backlight status of the display, *True* equals on, *False* equals off. **Do not set this manually, use the functions for toggling backlight!**
"""
ENABLE = 0b00000100
"""The enable bit."""
READWRITE = 0b00000010
"""The read/write bit."""
REGISTER = 0b00000001
"""The register selection bit."""
def __init__(self, addr: int, bus: int, lines: int, line_length: int):
I2CDevice.__init__(self, addr, bus)
self.lines = lines
self.line_length = line_length
self.backlight = True
self.setup()
[docs] def setup(self):
"""
Initializes the display by putting it into 4-Bit mode,
enabling backlight and clearing it. The sleep at the end
is necessary to make sure the display is fully initialized
before executing any other order.
**You don't have to call this manually, this function will
automatically be called by the constructor.**
"""
self.write(0x03)
self.write(0x03)
self.write(0x03)
self.write(0x02)
self.write(0x20 | 0x08 | 0x00 | 0x00)
self.write(0x08 | 0x04)
self.write(0x01)
self.write(0x04 | 0x02)
time.sleep(0.2)
[docs] def strobe(self, byte: int):
"""
Strobes a byte to the display.
:param int byte: The byte to strobe.
"""
if self.backlight:
self.write_byte(byte | self.ENABLE | 0x08)
else:
self.write_byte(byte | self.ENABLE)
time.sleep(0.0005)
if self.backlight:
self.write_byte((byte & ~self.ENABLE) | 0x08)
else:
self.write_byte(byte & ~self.ENABLE)
time.sleep(0.0001)
[docs] def write4(self, byte: int):
"""
Writes a byte to the display in 4-Bit mode.
:param int byte: The byte to write.
"""
self.write_byte(byte | 0x08 if self.backlight else 0)
self.strobe(byte)
[docs] def write(self, byte, bit=0):
"""
Writes a byte and control bit to the display.
:param int byte: The byte to write.
:param int bit: The control bit.
"""
self.write4(bit | (byte & 0xF0))
self.write4(bit | ((byte << 4) & 0xF0))
[docs] def clear(self):
"""
Clears the display.
"""
self.write(0x01)
[docs] def enable_backlight(self):
"""
Enables the display backlight.
"""
self.write_byte(0x08)
self.backlight = True
[docs] def disable_backlight(self):
"""
Disables the display backlight.
"""
self.write_byte(0x00)
self.backlight = False
[docs] def set_backlight(self, on: bool):
"""
Sets the display backlight to the desired
status, either on or off.
:param bool on: The desired backlight status, *True* means on, *False* means off.
"""
if type(on) is bool and on:
self.enable_backlight()
elif type(on) is bool and not on:
self.disable_backlight()
[docs] def print(self, string: str, line: int):
"""
Prints a string to the given line. This
method will not clear the remaining space
on the line.
If *line* is greater than 4 or less than 1,
it will print to the first line.
:param str string: The string to print.
:param int line: The line to print to.
"""
if line == 2:
self.write(0xC0)
elif line == 3:
self.write(0x94)
elif line == 4:
self.write(0xD4)
else:
self.write(0x80)
for char in string:
self.write(ord(char), self.REGISTER)
[docs] def print_center(self, string: str, line: int):
"""
Prints a string centered in the given
line. This function will, as it fills empty
spaces with a space, overwrite all previous
text on the line.
If *line* is greater than 4 or less than 1,
it will print to the first line.
:param str string: The string to print.
:param int line: The line to print to.
"""
string = string.center(self.line_length)
self.print(string, line)
[docs] def print_clear(self, string: str, line: int):
"""
Prints a string to the given line,
filling all remaining space with spaces.
This way all previous text will be cleared.
:param str string: The string to print.
:param int line: The line to print to.
"""
string = string.ljust(self.line_length - len(string))
self.print(string, line)