DO NOT READ THIS FILE ON GITHUB, GUIDES ARE PUBLISHED ON http://guides.rubyonrails.org.
Action Cable Overview
In this guide, you will learn how Action Cable works and how to use WebSockets to
incorporate real-time features into your Rails
application.
After reading this guide, you will know:
- What Action Cable is and its integration backend and frontend
- How to setup Action Cable
- How to setup channels
- Deployment and Architecture setup for running Action Cable
Introduction
Action Cable seamlessly integrates
WebSockets with the rest of your
Rails
application. It allows for real-time features to be written in Ruby in the
same style and form as the rest of your Rails
application, while still being
performant and scalable. It's a full-stack offering that provides both a
client-side JavaScript framework and a server-side Ruby framework. You have
access to your full domain model written with Active Record or your ORM of
choice.
What is Pub/Sub
Pub/Sub, or Publish-Subscribe, refers to a message queue paradigm whereby senders of information (publishers), send data to an abstract class of recipients (subscribers), without specifying individual recipients. Action Cable uses this approach to communicate between the server and many clients.
Server-Side Components
Connections
Connections form the foundation of the client-server relationship. For every WebSocket accepted by the server, a connection object is instantiated. This object becomes the parent of all the channel subscriptions that are created from there on. The connection itself does not deal with any specific application logic beyond authentication and authorization. The client of a WebSocket connection is called the connection consumer. An individual user will create one consumer-connection pair per browser tab, window, or device they have open.
Connections are instances of ApplicationCable::Connection
. In this class, you
authorize the incoming connection, and proceed to establish it if the user can
be identified.
Connection Setup
# app/channels/application_cable/connection.rb
module ApplicationCable
class Connection < ActionCable::Connection::Base
identified_by :current_user
def connect
self.current_user = find_verified_user
end
private
def find_verified_user
if verified_user = User.find_by(id: .encrypted[:user_id])
verified_user
else
end
end
end
end
Here identified_by
is a connection identifier that can be used to find the
specific connection later. Note that anything marked as an identifier will automatically
create a delegate by the same name on any channel instances created off the connection.
This example relies on the fact that you will already have handled authentication of the user somewhere else in your application, and that a successful authentication sets a signed cookie with the user ID.
The cookie is then automatically sent to the connection instance when a new connection
is attempted, and you use that to set the current_user
. By identifying the connection
by this same current user, you're also ensuring that you can later retrieve all open
connections by a given user (and potentially disconnect them all if the user is deleted
or unauthorized).
Channels
A channel encapsulates a logical unit of work, similar to what a controller does in a
regular MVC setup. By default, Rails creates a parent ApplicationCable::Channel
class
for encapsulating shared logic between your channels.
Parent Channel Setup
# app/channels/application_cable/channel.rb
module ApplicationCable
class Channel < ActionCable::Channel::Base
end
end
Then you would create your own channel classes. For example, you could have a
ChatChannel
and an AppearanceChannel
:
# app/channels/chat_channel.rb
class ChatChannel < ApplicationCable::Channel
end
# app/channels/appearance_channel.rb
class AppearanceChannel < ApplicationCable::Channel
end
A consumer could then be subscribed to either or both of these channels.
Subscriptions
Consumers subscribe to channels, acting as subscribers. Their connection is called a subscription. Produced messages are then routed to these channel subscriptions based on an identifier sent by the cable consumer.
# app/channels/chat_channel.rb
class ChatChannel < ApplicationCable::Channel
# Called when the consumer has successfully
# become a subscriber to this channel.
def subscribed
end
end
Client-Side Components
Connections
Consumers require an instance of the connection on their side. This can be established using the following JavaScript, which is generated by default by Rails:
Connect Consumer
// app/assets/javascripts/cable.js
//= require action_cable
//= require_self
//= require_tree ./channels
(function() {
this.App || (this.App = {});
App.cable = ActionCable.createConsumer();
}).call(this);
This will ready a consumer that'll connect against /cable
on your server by default.
The connection won't be established until you've also specified at least one subscription
you're interested in having.
Subscriber
A consumer becomes a subscriber by creating a subscription to a given channel:
# app/assets/javascripts/cable/subscriptions/chat.coffee
App.cable.subscriptions.create { channel: "ChatChannel", room: "Best Room" }
# app/assets/javascripts/cable/subscriptions/appearance.coffee
App.cable.subscriptions.create { channel: "AppearanceChannel" }
While this creates the subscription, the functionality needed to respond to received data will be described later on.
A consumer can act as a subscriber to a given channel any number of times. For example, a consumer could subscribe to multiple chat rooms at the same time:
App.cable.subscriptions.create { channel: "ChatChannel", room: "1st Room" }
App.cable.subscriptions.create { channel: "ChatChannel", room: "2nd Room" }
Client-Server Interactions
Streams
Streams provide the mechanism by which channels route published content (broadcasts) to their subscribers.
# app/channels/chat_channel.rb
class ChatChannel < ApplicationCable::Channel
def subscribed
stream_from "chat_#{params[:room]}"
end
end
If you have a stream that is related to a model, then the broadcasting used
can be generated from the model and channel. The following example would
subscribe to a broadcasting like comments:Z2lkOi8vVGVzdEFwcC9Qb3N0LzE
class CommentsChannel < ApplicationCable::Channel
def subscribed
post = Post.find(params[:id])
stream_for post
end
end
You can then broadcast to this channel like this:
CommentsChannel.broadcast_to(@post, @comment)
Broadcasting
A broadcasting is a pub/sub link where anything transmitted by a publisher is routed directly to the channel subscribers who are streaming that named broadcasting. Each channel can be streaming zero or more broadcastings.
Broadcastings are purely an online queue and time-dependent. If a consumer is not streaming (subscribed to a given channel), they'll not get the broadcast should they connect later.
Broadcasts are called elsewhere in your Rails application:
WebNotificationsChannel.broadcast_to(
current_user,
title: 'New things!',
body: 'All the news fit to print'
)
The WebNotificationsChannel.broadcast_to
call places a message in the current
subscription adapter (by default redis
for production and async
for development and
test environments)'s pubsub queue under a separate broadcasting name for each user.
For a user with an ID of 1, the broadcasting name would be web_notifications:1
.
The channel has been instructed to stream everything that arrives at
web_notifications:1
directly to the client by invoking the received
callback.
Subscriptions
When a consumer is subscribed to a channel, they act as a subscriber. This connection is called a subscription. Incoming messages are then routed to these channel subscriptions based on an identifier sent by the cable consumer.
# app/assets/javascripts/cable/subscriptions/chat.coffee
# Assumes you've already requested the right to send web notifications
App.cable.subscriptions.create { channel: "ChatChannel", room: "Best Room" },
received: (data) ->
@appendLine(data)
appendLine: (data) ->
html = @createLine(data)
$("[data-chat-room='Best Room']").append(html)
createLine: (data) ->
"""

#{data["sent_by"]}
#{data["body"]}

"""
Passing Parameters to Channels
You can pass parameters from the client side to the server side when creating a subscription. For example:
# app/channels/chat_channel.rb
class ChatChannel < ApplicationCable::Channel
def subscribed
stream_from "chat_#{params[:room]}"
end
end
An object passed as the first argument to subscriptions.create
becomes the
params hash in the cable channel. The keyword channel
is required:
# app/assets/javascripts/cable/subscriptions/chat.coffee
App.cable.subscriptions.create { channel: "ChatChannel", room: "Best Room" },
received: (data) ->
@appendLine(data)
appendLine: (data) ->
html = @createLine(data)
$("[data-chat-room='Best Room']").append(html)
createLine: (data) ->
"""

#{data["sent_by"]}
#{data["body"]}

"""
# Somewhere in your app this is called, perhaps
# from a NewCommentJob.
ActionCable.server.broadcast(
"chat_#{room}",
sent_by: 'Paul',
body: 'This is a cool chat app.'
)
Rebroadcasting a Message
A common use case is to rebroadcast a message sent by one client to any other connected clients.
# app/channels/chat_channel.rb
class ChatChannel < ApplicationCable::Channel
def subscribed
stream_from "chat_#{params[:room]}"
end
def receive(data)
ActionCable.server.broadcast("chat_#{params[:room]}", data)
end
end
# app/assets/javascripts/cable/subscriptions/chat.coffee
App.chatChannel = App.cable.subscriptions.create { channel: "ChatChannel", room: "Best Room" },
received: (data) ->
# data => { sent_by: "Paul", body: "This is a cool chat app." }
App.chatChannel.send({ sent_by: "Paul", body: "This is a cool chat app." })
The rebroadcast will be received by all connected clients, including the client that sent the message. Note that params are the same as they were when you subscribed to the channel.
Full-Stack Examples
The following setup steps are common to both examples:
Example 1: User Appearances
Here's a simple example of a channel that tracks whether a user is online or not and what page they're on. (This is useful for creating presence features like showing a green dot next to a user name if they're online).
Create the server-side appearance channel:
# app/channels/appearance_channel.rb
class AppearanceChannel < ApplicationCable::Channel
def subscribed
current_user.appear
end
def unsubscribed
current_user.disappear
end
def appear(data)
current_user.appear(on: data['appearing_on'])
end
def away
current_user.away
end
end
When a subscription is initiated the subscribed
callback gets fired and we
take that opportunity to say "the current user has indeed appeared". That
appear/disappear API could be backed by Redis, a database, or whatever else.
Create the client-side appearance channel subscription:
# app/assets/javascripts/cable/subscriptions/appearance.coffee
App.cable.subscriptions.create "AppearanceChannel",
# Called when the subscription is ready for use on the server.
connected: ->
@install()
@appear()
# Called when the WebSocket connection is closed.
disconnected: ->
@uninstall()
# Called when the subscription is rejected by the server.
rejected: ->
@uninstall()
appear: ->
# Calls {AppearanceChannel#appear(data)} on the server.
@perform("appear", appearing_on: $("main").data("appearing-on"))
away: ->
# Calls {AppearanceChannel#away} on the server.
@perform("away")
buttonSelector = "[data-behavior~=appear_away]"
install: ->
$(document).on "turbolinks:load.appearance", =>
@appear()
$(document).on "click.appearance", buttonSelector, =>
@away()
false
$(buttonSelector).show()
uninstall: ->
$(document).off(".appearance")
$(buttonSelector).hide()
Client-Server Interaction
-
Client connects to the Server via
App.cable = ActionCable.createConsumer("ws://cable.example.com")
. (cable.js
). The Server identifies this connection bycurrent_user
. -
Client subscribes to the appearance channel via
App.cable.subscriptions.create(channel: "AppearanceChannel")
. (appearance.coffee
) -
Server recognizes a new subscription has been initiated for the appearance channel and runs its
subscribed
callback, calling theappear
method oncurrent_user
. (appearance_channel.rb
) -
Client recognizes that a subscription has been established and calls
connected
(appearance.coffee
) which in turn calls@install
and@appear
.@appear
callsAppearanceChannel#appear(data)
on the server, and supplies a data hash of{ appearing_on: $("main").data("appearing-on") }
. This is possible because the server-side channel instance automatically exposes all public methods declared on the class (minus the callbacks), so that these can be reached as remote procedure calls via a subscription'sperform
method. -
Server receives the request for the
appear
action on the appearance channel for the connection identified bycurrent_user
(appearance_channel.rb
). Server retrieves the data with the:appearing_on
key from the data hash and sets it as the value for the:on
key being passed tocurrent_user.appear
.
Example 2: Receiving New Web Notifications
The appearance example was all about exposing server functionality to client-side invocation over the WebSocket connection. But the great thing about WebSockets is that it's a two-way street. So now let's show an example where the server invokes an action on the client.
This is a web notification channel that allows you to trigger client-side web notifications when you broadcast to the right streams:
Create the server-side web notifications channel:
# app/channels/web_notifications_channel.rb
class WebNotificationsChannel < ApplicationCable::Channel
def subscribed
stream_for current_user
end
end
Create the client-side web notifications channel subscription:
# app/assets/javascripts/cable/subscriptions/web_notifications.coffee
# Client-side which assumes you've already requested
# the right to send web notifications.
App.cable.subscriptions.create "WebNotificationsChannel",
received: (data) ->
new Notification data["title"], body: data["body"]
Broadcast content to a web notification channel instance from elsewhere in your application:
# Somewhere in your app this is called, perhaps from a NewCommentJob
WebNotificationsChannel.broadcast_to(
current_user,
title: 'New things!',
body: 'All the news fit to print'
)
The WebNotificationsChannel.broadcast_to
call places a message in the current
subscription adapter's pubsub queue under a separate broadcasting name for each
user. For a user with an ID of 1, the broadcasting name would be
web_notifications:1
.
The channel has been instructed to stream everything that arrives at
web_notifications:1
directly to the client by invoking the received
callback. The data passed as argument is the hash sent as the second parameter
to the server-side broadcast call, JSON encoded for the trip across the wire
and unpacked for the data argument arriving as received
.
More Complete Examples
See the rails/actioncable-examples repository for a full example of how to setup Action Cable in a Rails app and adding channels.
Configuration
Action Cable has two required configurations: a subscription adapter and allowed request origins.
Subscription Adapter
By default, Action Cable looks for a configuration file in config/cable.yml
.
The file must specify an adapter for each Rails environment. See the
Dependencies section for additional information on adapters.
development:
adapter: async
test:
adapter: async
production:
adapter: redis
url: redis://<IP_ADDRESS>:6381
channel_prefix: appname_production
Adapter Configuration
Below is a list of the subscription adapters available for end users.
Async Adapter
The async adapter is intended for development/testing and should not be used in production.
Redis Adapter
The Redis adapter requires users to provide a URL pointing to the Redis server.
Additionally, a channel_prefix
may be provided to avoid channel name collisions
when using the same Redis server for multiple applications. See the Redis PubSub documentation for more details.
PostgreSQL Adapter
The PostgreSQL adapter uses Active Record's connection pool, and thus the
application's config/database.yml
database configuration, for its connection.
This may change in the future. #27214
Allowed Request Origins
Action Cable will only accept requests from specified origins, which are passed to the server config as an array. The origins can be instances of strings or regular expressions, against which a check for the match will be performed.
config.action_cable.allowed_request_origins = ['http://rubyonrails.com', %r{http://ruby.*}]
To disable and allow requests from any origin:
config.action_cable.disable_request_forgery_protection = true
By default, Action Cable allows all requests from localhost:3000 when running in the development environment.
Consumer Configuration
To configure the URL, add a call to action_cable_meta_tag
in your HTML layout
HEAD. This uses a URL or path typically set via config.action_cable.url
in the
environment configuration files.
Other Configurations
The other common option to configure is the log tags applied to the per-connection logger. Here's an example that uses the user account id if available, else "no-account" while tagging:
config.action_cable. = [
#=> request { request.env['user_account_id'] || "no-account" },
:action_cable,
#=> request { request.uuid }
]
For a full list of all configuration options, see the
::ActionCable::Server::Configuration
class.
Also, note that your server must provide at least the same number of database
connections as you have workers. The default worker pool size is set to 4, so
that means you have to make at least that available. You can change that in
config/database.yml
through the pool
attribute.
Running Standalone Cable Servers
In App
Action Cable can run alongside your Rails application. For example, to
listen for WebSocket requests on /websocket
, specify that path to
config.action_cable.mount_path
:
# config/application.rb
class Application < Rails::Application
config.action_cable.mount_path = '/websocket'
end
You can use App.cable = ActionCable.createConsumer()
to connect to the cable
server if action_cable_meta_tag
is invoked in the layout. A custom path is
specified as first argument to createConsumer
(e.g. App.cable = ActionCable.createConsumer("/websocket")
).
For every instance of your server you create and for every worker your server spawns, you will also have a new instance of Action Cable, but the use of Redis keeps messages synced across connections.
Standalone
The cable servers can be separated from your normal application server. It's still a Rack application, but it is its own Rack application. The recommended basic setup is as follows:
# cable/config.ru
require_relative '../config/environment'
Rails.application.eager_load!
run ActionCable.server
Then you start the server using a binstub in bin/cable
ala:
#!/bin/bash
bundle exec puma -p 28080 cable/config.ru
The above will start a cable server on port 28080.
Notes
The WebSocket server doesn't have access to the session, but it has access to the cookies. This can be used when you need to handle authentication. You can see one way of doing that with Devise in this article.
Dependencies
Action Cable provides a subscription adapter interface to process its
pubsub internals. By default, asynchronous, inline, PostgreSQL, and Redis
adapters are included. The default adapter
in new Rails applications is the asynchronous (async
) adapter.
The Ruby side of things is built on top of websocket-driver, nio4r, and concurrent-ruby.
Deployment
Action Cable is powered by a combination of WebSockets and threads. Both the framework plumbing and user-specified channel work are handled internally by utilizing Ruby's native thread support. This means you can use all your regular Rails models with no problem, as long as you haven't committed any thread-safety sins.
The Action Cable server implements the Rack socket hijacking API, thereby allowing the use of a multithreaded pattern for managing connections internally, irrespective of whether the application server is multi-threaded or not.
Accordingly, Action Cable works with popular servers like Unicorn, Puma, and Passenger.


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| Sept 2016, I recieved the AWISNJ scholarship and was honored at the State assembly. AWSNJ article | |
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Linked-list Data Structure API.
[Code sample - String] // init a linked-list. Q_ENTRY *entry = qEntry(); // insert a string element entry->putStr(entry, "str", "hello world", true); // get the string. char *str = entry->getStr(entry, "str", false); if(str != NULL) { printf("str = %s\n", str); free(str); } // print out all elements in the list. entry->print(entry, stdout, false); // free the list. entry->free(entry); [Result]
Functions | |
| Q_ENTRY * | qEntry (void) |
| Create new Q_ENTRY linked-list object. | |
| static bool | _put (Q_ENTRY *entry, const char *name, const void *data, size_t size, bool replace) |
| Q_ENTRY->put(): Store object into linked-list structure. | |
| static bool | _putStr (Q_ENTRY *entry, const char *name, const char *str, bool replace) |
| Q_ENTRY->putStr(): Add string object into linked-list structure. | |
| static bool | _putStrf (Q_ENTRY *entry, bool replace, const char *name, const char *format,...) |
| Q_ENTRY->putStrf(): Add formatted string object into linked-list structure. | |
| static bool | _putInt (Q_ENTRY *entry, const char *name, int num, bool replace) |
| Q_ENTRY->putInt(): Add integer object into linked-list structure. | |
| static void * | _get (Q_ENTRY *entry, const char *name, size_t *size, bool newmem) |
| Q_ENTRY->get(): Find object with given name. | |
| static void * | _getCase (Q_ENTRY *entry, const char *name, size_t *size, bool newmem) |
| Q_ENTRY->getCase(): Find object with given name. | |
| static void * | _getLast (Q_ENTRY *entry, const char *name, size_t *size, bool newmem) |
| Q_ENTRY->getLast(): Find lastest matched object with given name. | |
| static char * | _getStr (Q_ENTRY *entry, const char *name, bool newmem) |
| Q_ENTRY->getStr(): Find string object with given name. | |
| static char * | _getStrf (Q_ENTRY *entry, bool newmem, const char *namefmt,...) |
| Q_ENTRY->_getStrf(): Find string object with given formatted name. | |
| static char * | _getStrCase (Q_ENTRY *entry, const char *name, bool newmem) |
| Q_ENTRY->getStrCase(): Find string object with given name. | |
| static char * | _getStrLast (Q_ENTRY *entry, const char *name, bool newmem) |
| Q_ENTRY->getStrLast(): Find lastest matched string object with given name. | |
| static int | _getInt (Q_ENTRY *entry, const char *name) |
| Q_ENTRY->getInt(): Find integer object with given name. | |
| static int | _getIntCase (Q_ENTRY *entry, const char *name) |
| Q_ENTRY->getIntCase(): Find integer object with given name. | |
| static int | _getIntLast (Q_ENTRY *entry, const char *name) |
| Q_ENTRY->getIntLast(): Find lastest matched integer object with given name. | |
| static bool | _getNext (Q_ENTRY *entry, Q_ENTOBJ_T *obj, const char *name, bool newmem) |
| Q_ENTRY->getNext(): Get next object structure. | |
| static int | _remove (Q_ENTRY *entry, const char *name) |
| Q_ENTRY->remove(): Remove matched objects as given name. | |
| static int | _getNum (Q_ENTRY *entry) |
| Q_ENTRY->getNum(): Get total number of stored objects. | |
| static bool | _truncate (Q_ENTRY *entry) |
| Q_ENTRY->truncate(): Truncate Q_ENTRY. | |
| static bool | _save (Q_ENTRY *entry, const char *filepath) |
| Q_ENTRY->save(): Save Q_ENTRY as plain text format. | |
| static int | _load (Q_ENTRY *entry, const char *filepath) |
| Q_ENTRY->load(): Load and append entries from given filepath. | |
| static bool | _reverse (Q_ENTRY *entry) |
| Q_ENTRY->reverse(): Reverse-sort internal stored object. | |
| static bool | _print (Q_ENTRY *entry, FILE *out, bool print_data) |
| Q_ENTRY->print(): Print out stored objects for debugging purpose. | |
| static bool | _free (Q_ENTRY *entry) |
| Q_ENTRY->free(): Free Q_ENTRY. |
| Q_ENTRY* qEntry | ( | void | ) |
| static bool _put | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| const char * | name, | |||
| const void * | data, | |||
| size_t | size, | |||
| bool | replace | |||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->put(): Store object into linked-list structure.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| name | key name. | |
| object | object pointer | |
| size | size of the object | |
| replace | in case of false, just insert. in case of true, remove all same key then insert object if found. |
| static bool _putStr | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| const char * | name, | |||
| const char * | str, | |||
| bool | replace | |||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->putStr(): Add string object into linked-list structure.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| name | key name. | |
| str | string value | |
| replace | in case of false, just insert. in case of true, remove all same key then insert object if found. |
| static bool _putStrf | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| bool | replace, | |||
| const char * | name, | |||
| const char * | format, | |||
| ... | ||||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->putStrf(): Add formatted string object into linked-list structure.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| replace | in case of false, just insert. in case of true, remove all same key then insert object if found. | |
| name | key name. | |
| format | formatted value string |
| static bool _putInt | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| const char * | name, | |||
| int | num, | |||
| bool | replace | |||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->putInt(): Add integer object into linked-list structure.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| name | key name. | |
| num | number value | |
| replace | in case of false, just insert. in case of true, remove all same key then insert object if found. |
| static void* _get | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| const char * | name, | |||
| size_t * | size, | |||
| bool | newmem | |||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->get(): Find object with given name.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| name | key name | |
| size | if size is not NULL, object size will be stored. | |
| newmem | whether or not to allocate memory for the data. |
Q_ENTRY *entry = qEntry(); (...codes...) // with newmem flag unset size_t size; const char *data = entry->get(entry, "key_name", &size, false); // with newmem flag set size_t size; char *data = entry->get(entry, "key_name", &size, true); if(data != NULL) free(data);
| static void* _getCase | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| const char * | name, | |||
| size_t * | size, | |||
| bool | newmem | |||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->getCase(): Find object with given name.
(case-insensitive)
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| name | key name | |
| size | if size is not NULL, object size will be stored. | |
| newmem | whether or not to allocate memory for the data. |
| static void* _getLast | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| const char * | name, | |||
| size_t * | size, | |||
| bool | newmem | |||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->getLast(): Find lastest matched object with given name.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| name | key name | |
| size | if size is not NULL, object size will be stored. | |
| newmem | whether or not to allocate memory for the data. |
| static char* _getStr | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| const char * | name, | |||
| bool | newmem | |||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->getStr(): Find string object with given name.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| name | key name | |
| newmem | whether or not to allocate memory for the data. |
| static char* _getStrf | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| bool | newmem, | |||
| const char * | namefmt, | |||
| ... | ||||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->_getStrf(): Find string object with given formatted name.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| newmem | whether or not to allocate memory for the data. | |
| namefmt | formatted name string |
| static char* _getStrCase | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| const char * | name, | |||
| bool | newmem | |||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->getStrCase(): Find string object with given name.
(case-insensitive)
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| name | key name | |
| newmem | whether or not to allocate memory for the data. |
| static char* _getStrLast | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| const char * | name, | |||
| bool | newmem | |||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->getStrLast(): Find lastest matched string object with given name.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| name | key name | |
| newmem | whether or not to allocate memory for the data. |
| static int _getInt | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| const char * | name | |||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->getInt(): Find integer object with given name.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| name | key name |
| static int _getIntCase | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| const char * | name | |||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->getIntCase(): Find integer object with given name.
(case-insensitive)
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| name | key name |
| static int _getIntLast | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| const char * | name | |||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->getIntLast(): Find lastest matched integer object with given name.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| name | key name |
| static bool _getNext | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| Q_ENTOBJ_T * | obj, | |||
| const char * | name, | |||
| bool | newmem | |||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->getNext(): Get next object structure.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| obj | found data will be stored in this object | |
| name | key name, if key name is NULL search every key in the list. | |
| newmem | whether or not to allocate memory for the data. |
Q_ENTRY *entry = qEntry(); entry->putStr(entry, "key1", "hello world 1", false); entry->putStr(entry, "key2", "hello world 2", false); entry->putStr(entry, "key3", "hello world 3", false); Q_ENTOBJ_T obj; memset((void*)&obj, 0, sizeof(obj)); // must be cleared before call while(entry->getNext(entry, &obj, NULL, false) == true) { printf("NAME=%s, DATA=%s", SIZE=%zu", obj.name, obj.data, obj.size); } // with newmem flag Q_ENTOBJ_T obj; memset((void*)&obj, 0, sizeof(obj)); // must be cleared before call while(entry->getNext(entry, &obj, NULL, true) == true) { printf("NAME=%s, DATA=%s", SIZE=%zu", obj.name, obj.data, obj.size); free(obj.name); free(obj.data); }
| static int _remove | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| const char * | name | |||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->remove(): Remove matched objects as given name.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| name | key name |
| static int _getNum | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry | ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->getNum(): Get total number of stored objects.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer |
| static bool _truncate | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry | ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->truncate(): Truncate Q_ENTRY.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer |
| static bool _save | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| const char * | filepath | |||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->save(): Save Q_ENTRY as plain text format.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| filepath | save file path |
| static int _load | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| const char * | filepath | |||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->load(): Load and append entries from given filepath.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| filepath | save file path |
| static bool _reverse | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry | ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->reverse(): Reverse-sort internal stored object.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer |
| static bool _print | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry, | |
| FILE * | out, | |||
| bool | print_data | |||
| ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->print(): Print out stored objects for debugging purpose.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer | |
| out | output stream FILE descriptor such like stdout, stderr. | |
| print_data | true for printing out object value, false for disable printing out object value. |
| static bool _free | ( | Q_ENTRY * | entry | ) | [static] |
Q_ENTRY->free(): Free Q_ENTRY.
| entry | Q_ENTRY pointer |


)
self.observation = observation
return self.vectorize(self.observation, self.history)
def batchify(self, observations):
batch = super().batchify(observations)
if self.multitask and batch.text_vec is not None:
if self.status == RATING_REQUESTED:
self.last_rating = observation["text"]
return super().observe(observation)
def batchify(self, observations):
batch = super().batchify(observations)
if self.multitask and batch.text_vec is not None:


Photowalk is one of the most popular activities that photographers love doing. Aside from being fun, a photowalk presents interesting opportunities for creating stories with pictures. It was my first...


Use your mouse: left button - place piece, right button - move map, wheel - zoom
restart
proudly sponsored by raucherstatistik.de


 Because I like things to look appealing to the eye, I found I had to divorce myself from the idea that that is what makes a website good. I found myself often fast forwarding to the design process before I had even implemented certain functional elements! So it defintely made me aware of my habits.
It's definitely something I've been interested in trying to help with stress reduction and concentration, but I really didn't know that much about it.
The video had some really insightful ideas; I liked the concept of the attitude you have towards distractions being important in the meditation process and that having a kind, curious and empathetic attitude is what helps strengthen concentration. Also, the pattern of acknowledging, experiencing without judging and letting go of distractions was quite helpful and I want to try and implement that when I'm working.
Not really to be honest. Meng made it seem pretty much up to the individual; any way that helps you maintain alertness and relaxation.
The cognitive perspective taking concept was really interesting; the idea of being able to 'make room' in your mind to take the perspective of others. I just really liked the idea of this being something you can keep betting better at and not worrying so much about your own thoughts. It seems like a nice idea to be able to put yourself in other people's shoes more and sweating the small stuff in your life less.


<SpaceManagerSerializeDelegate> Protocol Reference
#import <SpaceManager.h>
List of all members.
Public Member Functions |
|
(long) | - makeShapeId: |
|
(long) | - makeBodyId: |
|
(long) | - makeConstraintId: |
|
(BOOL) | - aboutToWriteShape:shapeId: |
|
(BOOL) | - aboutToWriteBody:bodyId: |
|
(BOOL) | - aboutToWriteConstraint:constraintId: |
|
(BOOL) | - aboutToReadShape:shapeId: |
|
(BOOL) | - aboutToReadBody:bodyId: |
|
(BOOL) | - aboutToReadConstraint:constraintId: |
Detailed Description
Delegate for handling I/O
These functions are events that get fired when saving/loading a space, they enable you to use a specific id system (if you choose) as well as record any UI specific data at time of writing; the reading events will let you hook up your UI when an object has just been read, but not added to the space yet.
The documentation for this protocol was generated from the following file:


Choose a unique username
In order to build and control David you will work together with the rest of the audience. The majority will rule in some scenes, in others the responsibility will be handed to a single person.
When you see this pulsing image on your screen and hear the slot machine sound it's time to look at your phone. At all other times we encourgage you to look at David and see how your creation is coming to life.


A refresh is needed if a mission is added manually to the missions directory on the server. Uploads or downloads through this manager will update the list automatically.


Computer-Aided Formal Verification: 2016-2017
|
Lecturer |
|
|
Degrees |
Schedule B2 (CS&P) — Computer Science and Philosophy Schedule B2 — Computer Science |
|
Term |
Michaelmas Term 2016 (16 lectures) |
Overview
This course introduces the fundamentals of computer-aided formal verification. Computer-aided formal verification aims to improve the quality of digital systems by using logical reasoning, supported by automated software tools, to analyse their designs. The idea is to build a mathematical model of a system and then try to prove formal properties of it that validate the system's correctness, or at least that help discover subtle bugs. The proofs can be millions of lines long, so specially-designed computer algorithms are used to search for and check them. Properties are formalised as formulae in proper temporal logics.This course provides a survey of several major software-assisted verification methods, covering both theory and practical applications. The aim is to familiarise students with the mathematical principles behind current verification technologies, and provide them with an appreciation of how these technologies are used in industrial system design today.
Synopsis
- Introduction to CAFV
- Modelling sequential systems as labelled transition systems (Kripke structures)
- Linear time properties
- Linear temporal logic (LTL)
- Computation tree logic (CTL) and CTL*
- Model checking CTL
- Model checking LTL
- Counterexamples and witnesses
- Binary decision diagrams (BDD)
- Symbolic model checking
- Model checking with SAT, bounded model checking
- Completeness thresholds and k-induction
- Craig interpolation
- Equivalences and abstractions
- Decision procedures in model checking
- Practical, industrial-scale verification; present challenges
Syllabus
Introduction to computer-aided formal verification. Modelling sequential systems as labelled transition systems (Kripke structures). Linear time properties. Linear temporal logic (LTL). Computation tree logic (CTL) and CTL*. Model checking CTL. Model checking LTL. Counterexamples and witnesses. Binary decision diagrams (BDD). Symbolic model checking. Model checking with SAT, bounded model checking. Completeness thresholds and k-induction. Craig interpolation. Equivalences and abstractions. Decision procedures in model checking. Practical, industrial-scale verification; present challenges
Reading list
The lectures will be supplemented with notes and pointers to published articles in the field. The following may be helpful for reference or further reading on specific topics.
Surveys
- Formal Verification in Hardware Design: A Survey, by C. Kern and M. R. Greenstreet, ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Systems, v. 4, pp. 123-193, 2009
- A Survey of Automated Techniques for Formal Software Verification, by D'Silva et al., IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, v. 27(7), pp. 1165-1178, 2008
- From Philosophical to Industrial Logics, by M. Vardi, ICLA 2009
Binary Decision Diagrams and SAT
- An Introduction to Binary Decision Diagrams, by Henrik Reif Andersen, Lecture Notes (Technical University of Denmark, October 1997)
- Formal Hardware Verification with BDDs: An Introduction, by Alan J. Hu, IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers, and Signal Processing, pp. 677-682, 1997
- Decision Procedures, by Daniel Kroening and Ofer Strichman (Springer Verlag, 2008)
Model Checking
- Logic in Computer Science: Modelling and reasoning about systems, by Michael Huth and Mark Ryan (Cambridge University Press, 2000)
- Model Checking, by Edmund M. Clarke, Jr., Orna Grumberg, and Doron A. Peled, Second edition (The MIT Press, 2000)
- Principles of Model Checking, by C. Baier and J.-P. Katoen (The MIT Press, 2008)
Related research at the Department of Computer Science
|
Themes |
|
|
Activities |
Model Checking | Concurrency | Software Model Checking | Hardware Verification | Quantitative Analysis and Verification | Verification |


| Lesson | |
|---|---|
| Period 1 (9:00-9:40) | |
| Period 2 (9:40-10:20) | |
| Period 3 (10:20-11:00) | |
| Break (11:00-11:15) | |
| Period 4 (11:15-11:55) | |
| Period 5 (11:55-12:35) | |
| Lunch (12:35-1:15) | |
| Period 7 (1:15-1:55) | |
| Period 8 (1:55-2:35) | |
| Period 9 (2:35- 3:15) | |
| Clubs/ After School |
Your next lesson will start in 5 minutes


This boilerplate was made by etcroot Feel free to use this for learning about tailwind or just experimenting. It is using the latest technology that tailwind offers & you can find out more about it here!


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get(int)
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
Returns the current column value for a given column index.
get(String)
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
Returns the current column value for a given column header name.
getColumnCount()
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
Gets the count of columns found in this record.
getComment()
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
Gets the character being used as a comment signal.
getCurrentRecord()
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
Gets the index of the current record.
getDelimiter()
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
Gets the character being used as the column delimiter.
getDelimiter()
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvWriter
Gets the character being used as the column delimiter.
getEscapeMode()
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
Gets the current way to escape an occurance of the text qualifier inside qualified data.
getForceQualifier()
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvWriter
getHeader(int)
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
Returns the column header value for a given column index.
getHeaderCount()
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
Gets the count of headers read in by a previous call to
readHeaders()
.
getHeaders()
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
Returns the header values as a string array.
getIndex(String)
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
Gets the corresponding column index for a given column header name.
getLength(int)
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
Returns the length of a column without doing extra work to find the column's actual value.
getMergeConsecutive()
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
Gets whether consecutive instances of the delimiter are being merged into one or not.
getSafetySwitch()
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
getTextQualifier()
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
Gets the character to use as a text qualifier in the data.
getTextQualifier()
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvWriter
Gets the character to use as a text qualifier in the data.
getTrimWhitespace()
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
Gets whether leading and trailing whitespace characters are being trimmed from non-textqualified column data.
getUseComments()
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
Gets whether comments are being looked for while parsing or not.
getUseTextQualifier()
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
Whether text qualifiers will be used while parsing or not.
getUseTextQualifier()
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvWriter
Whether text qualifiers will be used while writing data or not.
getValues()
- Method in class com.csvreader.
CsvReader
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Video mirror
In order to share video streams we can use the rtc-media module to help us manage the video and audio feed for each user. This demo shows how to get access to the local user's video and audio stream and render it to the browser.
Include the rtc-media module. This will return a reference to the rtc-media object.
var mediaMod = require('rtc-media');
Now we can call the returned media object to get access to user's local video and audio stream - in this case we just need to pass an option to tell the browser to start streaming media immediately.
var mediaObj = mediaMod({ start: true });
We'll also need a reference to the DOM element that we want to render the video stream to.
var mirrorWindow = document.getElementById('mirror');
Now we simply call render
with the target element as the argument, to display the video feed. Given a <video>
element, rtc-media will render the new stream to that element. Given any other element rtc-media will create a <video>
element as a child element.
mediaObj.render(mirrorWindow);
To create a realistic mirror experience we will flip the rendered video.
mirrorWindow.style.transform = 'rotateY(180deg)';
The result is a local video mirror!
var mediaMod = require('rtc-media');
var mediaObj = mediaMod({ start: true });
var mirrorWindow = document.getElementById('mirror');
// Render local video
mediaObj.render(mirrorWindow);
// Flip rendered video so the user views their own
// feed as a mirror image
mirrorWindow.style.transform = 'rotateY(180deg)';


Take control of your digital life with this Black Friday VPN deal
by Joseph GreenTL;DR: ProtonVPN is on sale for £5.14 a month, saving you 40% on list price.
Black Friday is not solely the domain of massive retailers selling big-ticket items. You can also save on VPNs from all the top providers.
In the world of VPNs, there are many names you should be familiar with, including NordVPN, CyberGhost VPN, PureVPN, and ProtonVPN. All of these providers have impressive Black Friday deals, so you have plenty of choice when it comes to securing your data and identity.
ProtonVPN is now on sale for just £5.14 a month. This two-year plan is down by 40% on list price, saving you over £80 in total. There are a few different plans to consider, with savings of up to 50% on offer. Every option comes with a generous 30-day money-back guarantee, so you're covered in case things don't work out.
This is ProtonVPN's Black Friday offer, so we're not expecting this price to fall any further. That means you can beat the rush and secure all of your devices right away. This might come in handy if you're prepared to invest in loads of devices over the coming weeks.
Stay private and access blocked content with this Black Friday deal.
ProtonVPN — £5.14 a month (list price £8.57 a month) See Details


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We are seeking volunteers to help load and unload the items gifted us by the Estate Sale organizations.
We will need assistance with helping pack and distribute Christmas gifts near the end of the year.
We will be seeking places to host for community gift wrapping parties this year. Have some space available or know an organization that might be willing to let us host them there? If so, please contact Kalei at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>We are seeking occasional transportation solutions for moving some of our bigger gifts, trailers and/or pickups would be invaluable.
Have items left over from estate or yard sales? By gifting them to GGA you will be helping spread cheer to families in need and/or the community during Christmas time.
We are seeking professional grant writers who are interested in helping us apply for grants.
7 foot trailer with sides
large storage area to store donations we receive for the non profit organizations we are serving.
“Even the smallest act of caring for another person is like a drop of water -it will make ripples throughout the entire pond...”
― Jessy and Bryan Matteo


MeeToo 3.0 - reboots
Document Id: KBDOC-00016
Created: 2011-02-18
Updated: 2011-02-22
MeeToo 3.0 reboots
Sometimes your phone may reboot. This is perfectly normal and perfectly healthy. It keeps the phone working in top condition.
Reboots help
- Protect from viruses.
- Lower taxes.
- Give IT people a simple answer to all problems.
Tags: phone, reboots, to, by, they


The org.sblim.cimclient.discovery
package offers high-level discovery functions for WBEM services. The design point behind it was to provide
an API that is protocol agnostic and hides the nasty details of the discovery protocol and the advertisement format.
With the following code snippet you can discover all WBEM services using the SLP DA "da.foo.net":
String[] directoryAgents = new String[] {"da.foo.net"}; Discoverer discoverer = DiscovererFactory.getDiscoverer(DiscovererFactory.SLP); WBEMServiceAdvertisement[] advertisements = discoverer.findWbemServices(directoryAgents);
The factory pattern allows support for discovery protocols other than SLP in the future. However, SLP is the only supported one today. The WBEMServiceAdvertisement
interface provides the means to easily retrieve all the information from the WBEM template:
String url = advertisements[0].getServiceUrl(); String id = advertisements[0].getServiceId(); String[] ns = advertisements[0].getInteropNamespaces(); String name = advertisements[0].getAttribute(WBEMServiceAdvertisement.SERVICE_HI_NAME);
You may also create a WBEMClient
directly from the WBEMServiceAdvertisement
:
Subject subject = new Subject(); // in real life you would need real credentials ... of course WBEMClient client = advertisements[0].createClient(subject, Locale.getAvailableLocales());
Last but not least we have the AdvertisementCatalog
class. It helps managing the discovered advertisements by addressing common issues:
AdvertisementCatalog
groups advertisements
by service-id and lets you select the appropriate one by your protocol preference.WBEMProtocol[] protocols = new WBEMProtocol[3]; protocols[0] = new WBEMProtocol("https", "cim-xml"); protocols[2] = new WBEMProtocol("http", "cim-xml"); String[] directoryAgents = new String[] {"da.foo.net"}; Discoverer discoverer = DiscovererFactory.getDiscoverer(DiscovererFactory.SLP); WBEMServiceAdvertisement[] advertisements = discoverer.findWbemServices(directoryAgents); AdvertisementCatalog catalog = new AdvertisementCatalog(); catalog.addAdvertisements(advertisements); String[] ids = catalog.getKnownIds(); for(String id : ids) { WBEMServiceAdvertisement adv = catalog.getAdvertisement(id, protocols); WBEMClient client = adv.createClient(subject, Locale.getAvailableLocales()); }
AdvertisementCatalog
offers listener interfaces which are notified when
items are added, removed, expired or renewed.
AdvertisementCatalog cat = new AdvertisementCatalog(); final AdvertisementCatalog.EventListener listener = new AdvertisementCatalog.EventListener() { public void advertisementEvent(int pEvent, WBEMServiceAdvertisement pAdvertisment) { switch (pEvent) { case AdvertisementCatalog.EVENT_ADD: /* handle event */ break; case AdvertisementCatalog.EVENT_REMOVE: /* handle event */ break; case AdvertisementCatalog.EVENT_EXPIRE: /* handle event */ break; case AdvertisementCatalog.EVENT_RENEW: /* handle event */ break; default: } } }; catalog.addEventListener(listener); Discoverer dsc = DiscovererFactory.getDiscoverer(DiscovererFactory.SLP); ... String[] directoryAgents = new String[] {"da.foo.net"}; WBEMServiceAdvertisement[] advs = dsc.findWbemServices(directoryAgents); cat.refreshAdvertisements(directoryAgents, advs);


35th Film Independent Spirit Awards: Full List of Nominations – ‘The Lighthouse’ and ‘Uncut Gems’ Lead The Pack
by Jalal HaddadThe 35th Film Independent Spirit Awards were announced this morning celebrating the best of the year in independent cinema. This year’s press conference was streamed live from THE LINE LA and presented by actors Zazie Beetz and Natasha Lyonne as they announced the nominees in 19 categories.
The Lighthouse and Uncut Gems became the most nominated films of the year with five nominations each. Honey Boy also did well with four nominations including Best Director although the film missed out on a Best Feature nomination. Some of the very welcome surprises include A Hidden Life for Best Featute, a strong showing for Luce, and a nomination for Renée Zellweger. Some of the biggest omissions included a near shut out of Waves, Awkwafina in Lead Actress, and zero nominations for The Peanut Butter Falcon.
It will be interesting to see what films receive a momentum boost from the first major list of nominations. Will this help keep Honey Boy, Hustlers, Uncut Gems, and The Lighthouse in the minds of voters?
The 2020 Spirit Awards will be broadcast live on Saturday, February 8th exclusively on IFC.
BEST FEATURE
- A Hidden Life
- Clemency
- The Farewell
- Marriage Story
- Uncut Gems
BEST FIRST FEATURE
- Booksmart
- The Climb
- Diane
- The Last Black Man in San Francicso
- The Mustang
- See You Yesterday
BEST DIRECTOR
- Robert Eggers, The Lighthouse
- Alma Har’el, Honey Boy
- Julius Onah, Luce
- Benny Safdie, Josh Safdie, Uncut Gems
- Lorene Scafaria, Hustlers
BEST FEMALE LEAD
- Karen Allen, Colewell
- Hong Chau, Driveways
- Elisabeth Moss, Her Smell
- Mary Kay Place, Diane
- Alfre Woodard, Clemency
- Renee Zellwegger, Judy
BEST MALE LEAD
- Chris Galust, Give Me Liberty
- Kelvin Harrison Jr, Luce
- Robert Pattinson, The Lighthouse
- Adam Sandler, Uncut Gems
- Matthias Schoenaerts, The Mustang
BEST SUPPORTING FEMALE
- Jennifer Lopez, Hustlers
- Taylor Russell, Waves
- Zhao Shuzhen, The Farewell
- Lauren “Lolo” Spencer, Give Me Liberty
- Octavia Spencer, Luce
BEST SUPPORTING MALE
- Willem Dafoe, The Lighthouse
- Noah Jupe, Honey Boy
- Shaif LaBeouf, Honey Boy
- Jonathan Majors, The Last Black Man in San Francisco
- Wendell Pierce, Burning Cane
BEST SCREENPLAY
- Marriage Story
- To Dust
- Uncut Gems
- Clemency
- High Flying Bird
BEST FIRST SCREENPLAY
- Yesterday
- Driveways
- Blow the Man Down
- Greener Grass
- The Vast of Night
BEST CINEMATOGRAPHY
- Hustlers
- The Lighthouse
- Honey Boy
- The Third Wife
- Midsommar
BEST EDITING
- The Third Wife
- Uncut Gems
- Sword of Trust
- The Lighthouse
- Give Me Liberty
JOHN CASSAVETES AWARD
- Burning Cane
- Colewell
- Give Me Liberty
- Premature
- Wild Nights with Emily
ROBERT ALTMAN AWARD
- Marriage Story
BEST DOCUMENTARY
- American Factory
- Apollo 11
- For Sama
- Honeyland
- Island of the Hungry Ghosts
BEST INTERNATIONAL FILM
- Invisible Life
- Les Miserables
- Parasite
- Portrait of a Lady on Fire
- Retablo
- The Souvenir
PIAGET PRODUCERS AWARD
- Mollye Asher
- Krista Parris
- Ryan Zacarias
SOMEONE TO WATCH AWARD
- Rashaad Ernesto Green, Premature
- Ash Mayfair, The Third Wife
- Joe Talbot, The Last Black Man in San Francisco
TRUER THAN FICTION AWARD
- Khalik Allah, Black Mother
- Davy Rothbart, 17 Blocks
- Nadia Shihab, Jaddoland
- Erick Stoll & Chase Whiteside, America
ANNUAL BONNIE AWARD
- Marielle Heller
- Kelly Reichhardt
- LuLu Wang


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Started as a freelance developer when I was just 15, I quickly grown to a highly qualified software engineer at Eleks Software, a major software development company in Ukraine. However, the job did not give me the desired challenge, so soon I launched my first startup company Kartinka.com.ua – in-image advertising platform connecting publishers and advertisers. Later I launched another company Synnergia Solutions – a local outsourcing agency, which later grown to another project of mine – drop2amz.com, a platform to automate orders and inventory management for Amazon sellers. I like keep the challenge at high level, so I recently enrolled in the UBC MDS program which is quite exciting!
HTML5, SASS, CSS, JavaScript, numerous front-end frameworks and tools
Ruby, Python, Sidekiq, background processing, API integration, data processing and more
MySQL, PostgreSQL, Hadoop, Cassandra, Amazon RedShift and many more


size
.
attributes
.style
Canvas size is independent of CSS resizing
Spec references:
size.css
Actual output:
FAIL (fallback content)
Expected output:


|
Shroon C++ Logger
|
This group consists of all the functions used for logging. More...
Functions | |
| void | Shroon::Logger::LogInfo (const std::string §ion, const std::string &log) |
Logs data with level Info to the output stream in the format:More... | |
| void | Shroon::Logger::LogWarning (const std::string §ion, const std::string &log) |
Logs data with level Warning to the output stream in the format:More... | |
| void | Shroon::Logger::LogError (const std::string §ion, const std::string &log) |
Logs data with level Error to the output stream in the format:More... | |
| void | Shroon::Logger::LogFatalError (const std::string §ion, const std::string &log) |
Logs data with level Error to the output stream in the format:
and performs a | |
This group consists of all the functions used for logging.
| void Shroon::Logger::LogError | ( | const std::string & | section, |
| const std::string & | log | ||
| ) |
Logs data with level Error
to the output stream in the format:
(Green)[<time_since_app_started_in_ms>](Bold|Red)Error(White)::<section>: <log>\n
.
| section | The section from where the log is comming. Example - "Renderer::Rasterizer", "Parser" etc. |
| log | The content of the log. |
| void Shroon::Logger::LogFatalError | ( | const std::string & | section, |
| const std::string & | log | ||
| ) |
Logs data with level Error
to the output stream in the format:
(Green)[<time_since_app_started_in_ms>](Bold|Red)Error(White)::<section>: <log>\n
and performs a SHRN_DEBUG_BREAK()
.
| section | The section from where the log is comming. Example - "Renderer::Rasterizer", "Parser" etc. |
| log | The content of the log. |
| void Shroon::Logger::LogInfo | ( | const std::string & | section, |
| const std::string & | log | ||
| ) |
Logs data with level Info
to the output stream in the format:
(Green)[<time_since_app_started_in_ms>](Bold|Cyan)Info(White)::<section>: <log>\n
.
| section | The section from where the log is comming. Example - "Renderer::Rasterizer", "Parser" etc. |
| log | The content of the log. |
| void Shroon::Logger::LogWarning | ( | const std::string & | section, |
| const std::string & | log | ||
| ) |
Logs data with level Warning
to the output stream in the format:
(Green)[<time_since_app_started_in_ms>](Bold|Yellow)Warning(White)::<section>: <log>\n
.
| section | The section from where the log is comming. Example - "Renderer::Rasterizer", "Parser" etc. |
| log | The content of the log. |


@* * Copyright 2017 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import _root_.model.domain.{TaxMonth, TaxYear, UserMasterData} @import _root_.model.json.AnnualStatement @import _root_.services.AnnualStatementError @import connector.UserProfile @import org.joda.time.LocalDate @import views.html.epaye.partials.epaye_annual_statement_sidebar @import views.html.epaye.partials.annual_statement.tax_code_notices @import views.html.helpers.EpayeHelper @import org.joda.time.DateTimeFieldType @import scala._ @( annualStatementResponse: Either[AnnualStatementError, AnnualStatement], taxYear: TaxYear, userMasterDataOpt: Option[UserMasterData], currentTaxMonth: Option[TaxMonth], today: LocalDate )( implicit profile: UserProfile, authContext: uk.gov.hmrc.play.frontend.auth.AuthContext, request: Request[_], messages: Messages, lang: Lang ) @isCurrent(year: TaxYear) = @{ TaxYear(today.get(DateTimeFieldType.year())) == year } @hasToBeShown(year: Int) = @{ TaxYear(year) != taxYear } @main_template( title = Messages("epaye.annual.statements.title"), sidebarLinks = Some(epaye_annual_statement_sidebar(userMasterDataOpt)), warnings = None, sidebarClasses = Some("sidebar"), bodyClasses = Some("business-tax"), betaBanner = profile.epayeRelease3 ) {


We Provide Medical equipment like Like Patient moniter, Ecg machine,Syringe pump, Easy installation and Long lasting quality.
Analog Gas Alarm Systems come in six categories, System contains analog meter, system genrate appropriate alarm in case of High pressure / Low pressure.
We provide gas pipeline to gases like Oxgen, Vaccum, Nitrogen Oxide,Surgical air, Carbondi-oxide to the different Section like Wards, ICU, ICCU, NICU, Operation Theater.
We Made Modular OT with all recuirements that you want.Each and every equipment is high quality and low maintanance cost.
We offer high efficacy Medical Gas Control and Automatic Changeover, OT Light,OT Table which is highly acknowledged. We have firmly positioned ourselves as one of the overruling central pipeline for Oxygen Supply System in Maharashtra.


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skills?
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Assessing Annotator Identity Sensitivity via Item Response Theory: A Case Study in a Hate Speech Corpus
2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency
P. S. Sachdeva, R. Barreto, C. von Vacano, C. J. Kennedy
[paper]
[code]
tl;dr: We used techniques from item response theory to
characterize
annotator identity sensitivity, or how an
annotator's identity may impact their rating patterns on NLP
tasks, and applied these techniques to annotations in a hate
speech corpus.