Web Accessibility Workshop
Welcome!
Girl Develop It is here to provide affordable, accessible, and empowering resources for adult women to learn programming and web concepts.
Some "rules":
We are here for you!
Every question is important
Help each other
Have fun
Introductions
Tell us about yourself. What do you do?
What's your coding experience?
What do you hope to get out of the class today?
Overview for Today
Types of Disabilities
Ways to implement accessibility for those disabilities
Screenreader Demo & Activity
Ways to implement accessibility for visually impaired users:
Alt Text for Images
Link Text
HTML and Heading structure (Semantics)
Color Contrast
Visually Hidden Elements just for Screenreader Users
ARIA
We'll spend most of our time on visual disabilities since the web is such a visual medium -- this is what needs to be translated
What is accessibility?
Accessibility is about making your sites useful to as many people as possible.
Accessibility is about overcoming barriers.
Accessibility is about helping your users.
Why make your sites accessible?
Accessibility is for everyone!
Photo credit: Sylvia Pellicore cc opens in a new window
Ask if people recognize curb cut, then point out that while wheelchairs use them, so do strollers, people with luggage, etc. Mention how accessibility can help the non-disabled as well.
Benefits of Accessibility
Curb cuts were designed for wheelchairs, but others use them. Similarly, accessibility features end up helping everyone.
Many times, good design and user experience practices create accessibility as a side effect.
Accessibility features, like good alt text, can improve your search engine placement.
Useful stats from the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau:
Types of Disability
Hearing disabilities: deaf or hard-of-hearing
Physical disabilities: MS, paraplegic/quadriplegic, epilepsy
Cognitive disabilities: dyslexia, alzheimer's, dementia, learning disabilities, autism
We'll spend most of our time here: Visual disabilities: blind or low-sight, color blind, tunnel vision
We will mostly be using screen readers today because making the web accessible for users with visual disabilities is among the hardest and most confusing for sighted users to understand
Also, the use of a keyboard with screen readers mimics what keyboard-only users do (who have physical, motor difficulty)
No, automatic captions don't count
Credit: Sylvia Pellicore, from YouTube
Hearing Disabilities
Most deaf or hard-of-hearing people have limited difficulty with web accessibility.
Provide captions or transcripts for multimedia elements.
Don't rely on sounds to convey information, like an "alert" noise. Even hearing users often have their computers muted.
Be especially careful if your site targets older users, as hearing loss is common.
Paid captioning services are relatively inexpensive, about $1.50 to $2.50 a minute.
Physical Disabilities
Many users with limited mobility interact with the screen via keyboard.
Other users use a mouse, but have trouble with fine motor control.
Make clickable elements large, and put space between them.
Avoid clickable page elements that move.
Animations with rapid flickers are not only annoying, they can trigger epileptic seizures.
These guidelines also help children and touchscreen users!
Dealing with cognitive disabilities
This is a less-researched area of web accessibility. Here is a Cognitive 101 .
Minimize cognitive load--don't overwhelm the user.
Use common icons to mark important tasks and consider text labels.
If you have timed content (forms, image galleries, etc.) provide controls or allow users to extend time.
CAPTCHAs aren't blind-friendly, are very difficult for users with learning disabilities like dyslexia, and annoy everyone. Consider an alternative method opens in a new window .
Visual disabilities
Photo credit: Braille Institute opens in a new window cc opens in a new window
We'll spend most of our time here: Visual disabilities: blind or low-sight, color blind, tunnel vision
We will mostly be using screen readers today because making the web accessible for users with visual disabilities is among the hardest and most confusing for sighted users to understand
Also, the use of a keyboard with screen readers mimics what keyboard-only users do (who have physical, motor difficulty)
What assitive technology do people with visual impairment use?
Browser zoom
Screen magnification
High contrast displays
Screen readers
Important points:
Low vision is very common
Even people who are legally blind may have some residual vision
Screen readers are also useful for people with print disabilities, like dyslexia
Screen readers: e.g. JAWS for Windows, NVDA, Voiceover for Apple products, ChromeVox (Chrome Extension)
Demo
This exercise not only builds empathy, but gives you insight and experience into what visually impaired users are experiencing.
Choose a site with a complex nav menu, and show how long it takes to get through with a screen reader. I used CNN.com.
Now, compare a site like starbucks to see skip nav, the difference thinking about accessibility can make.
only about 0.3% of users who responded to survey use Chrome Vox (most use JAWS, NVDA) on their laptop/desktop, but there are constraints to both of these—either need $1000 subscription or windows, so making do with a solid screen reader like Chrome Vox is fine for testing maybe not as much functionality as JAWS, but basic functionality is there
Chrome Vox + N + H = Jump to next heading
Chrome Vox + P + H = Jump to previous heading
Chrome Vox + N + L = Jump to next link
Let's try it
Website you all want to try? Have a task in mind--trying to find hours, a piece of clothing, etc.
Have students try the screenreader demo at http://webaim.org/simulations/screenreader-sim.htm. (With headphones!) You may have to help people install the Shockwave plugin. Time limit to ten minutes, and cut it short if students seem bored or frustrated.
If available, demo VoiceOver on the iPhone/iPad or Talkback on Android.
Screen Reader Activity: Discussion
How did that feel?
What did you expect from the experience?
How did using a screen reader meet your expectations?
What was surprising about it?
So what are some things we can do to help visually impaired users experience of the web?
(Which will also benefit many other users with disabilities).
Alt Text for Images
Link Text
HTML and Heading structure (Semantics)
Color Contrast
Visually Hidden Elements just for Screenreader Users
ARIA
Alt text
Alternate text describes pictorial content in words.
Pay attention to context.
Should never user "image of" to describe
If an image is purely decorative, use alt=""
to instruct a screen reader to skip it.
Consider using HTML5 figure
and figcaption
.

brief description

Logos
What should the alt text be?
Alt text: “Innovation Studio - Home”, “Home”, “Innovation Studio Logo”
It is a good idea here, when you have a logo on every page of the site, to state the logo name/brand and where it redirects to on the site if clicked on.
Decorative Images
What should the alt text be?
Alt text: ''
This background, or decorative image is completely skipped by a screen reader because it has an empty alt tag.
Images related to the content on the page
What should the alt text be?
Possible alt tags: “Cat rolled up in a piece of paper”, “Cat burrito”, “Cute cat picture”
Alt tags are also important for sighted readers. If your image path ever changes, your alt tag will still show up on the page, and no loss of information will occur
External Links
Let's Look at Some Code
Goofy page

Disney.com

opens in a new window

For links that open in new windows, an offscreen span
inside the link is most reliable for screen readers.
A common problem cited in the WebAIM survey is “unexpected screen changes”. Discuss how to warn users of links that open in new windows with offscreen text and title attributes. Include a discussion about how it's really about usability in general. Recommended reading: “Don't Make Me Think” by Steve Krug
Link text : Make the link text describe its purpose and destination. If you are linking to something from an image or icon, supply a title attribute to give people who use screen readers some context.
Link styling : To clearly indicate links, underline them when possible. There should be some visual state change other than color when hovering or focusing on links. Do not rely on color or color changes alone to indicate links.
Navigation : Users should be able to tab to navigate between links, and active a link by pressing “Enter” on the keyboard. They should be able to activate hover and focus states with either a mouse or a keyboard.
Linked Images : Images that are used as the link text for a link should have especially descriptive alt text, as it will be used as the link text for the link by screenreaders. The text of the image’s alt attribute, followed by the word “link” will be announced as the link text for the link.
New window or tab : If a link opens a new tab, or takes the user out of the current format or application, that action should be indicated by the link text. It can be disorienting to users – especially those with cognitive, sight, or mobility problems – to unexpectedly open an item in a new format or application. Indicate either via contextual text near the links, or (preferably) with very clear link text, where links lead, and how they will open. If you need to add contextual text to the link text, consider using a nested tag that is visually hidden for sighted users. An example is given below.
Semantic HTML Structure
Deals with the structure of the page, or the DOM
Semantic HTML is key starting point for good a11y
Screenreaders scan the page, have functionality to just tell person about headings, links etc.
This allows us to let people who can't see especially know about the content on the page, and how it relates to other content
HTML Headings
Semantic structure is one of the most important usability features for screen reader users, Headings and their structure also help navigate the page.
// Headings should not skip levels until h1-h4 have been established

Most important

Next most important

Third most important

Other heading

Other heading

Other heading

Use one H1 per page, matching the page title.
Do not skip heading levels when increasing, but you can skip levels when decreasing (h1, h2, h3, h2, h3, h4, h2, h3, h4).
The headings taken out of context should logically represent the page content for screen readers and users who choose this option as a way to scan the page.
Ideal DOM Layout

Elements like div and span are for layout only. They’re semantically meaningless, they don’t have keyboard or touch support in any browser, and they don’t communicate anything to the accessibility API. For example, never use a div or span for a button when you could use a semantically meaningful button element.
Provide contrast
Photo credit: antifluor opens in a new window cc opens in a new window
As people who value design, color contrast issues can feel limiting.
But if a11y is thought about upfront, this challenges can be alleviated
Find colors that provide maximum contrast, including enough contrast between content and the background, so that text and non-decorative images are legible for anyone with low vision or color deficiencies.
Resources for Color Contrast
More tips for using color
If you use color to indicate something, also use another indicator. For example, underline links on hover or mark a required field with an asterisk.
Red/green color blindness is the most common, so avoid green on red.
Include color names in product descriptions and show examples (article opens in a new window )
Have a minimum of contrast ratio of 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text. (Checker opens in a new window )
Try zooming in on your designs, to see how they look when enlarged. It is a good idea to use ems and percentages instead of pixels when you can.
Visually Hidden Content
How does it work?
/* Hide only visually, but have it available for screenreaders.*/
.visually-hidden {
position: absolute !important;
clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); /* IE6, IE7 */
clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
padding: 0 !important;
border: 0 !important;
height: 1px !important;
width: 1px !important;
overflow: hidden;
}
Hiding Content for Accessibility
If time, do an example in html locally
ARIA Core Components
ARIA Landmark Roles
What does this thing do?
<form role="search">

aria-activedescendant : Identifies the currently active descendant of a composite widget. Use with autofill search suggestions.
aria-autocomplete : Indicates whether user input completion suggestions are provided. Use with autofill search suggestions.
aria-checked (state) : Indicates the current “checked” state of checkboxes, radio buttons, and other widgets. You can set this to true, false, or mixed state. See related aria-pressed and aria-selected.
aria-controls : Identifies the element (or elements) whose contents or presence are controlled by the current element. See related aria-owns.
aria-describedby : Identifies the element (or elements) that describes the object. See related aria-labelledby.
aria-disabled (state) : Indicates that the element is perceivable but disabled, so it is not editable or otherwise operable. See related aria-hidden and aria-readonly.
aria-expanded (state) : Indicates whether the element, or another grouping element it controls, is currently expanded or collapsed.
aria-hidden (state) : Indicates that the element and all of its descendants are not visible or perceivable to any user as implemented by the author. See related aria-disabled.
aria-invalid (state) : Indicates the entered value does not conform to the format expected by the application.
aria-label : Defines a string value that labels the current element. See related aria-labelledby.
According to a Google Accessibility tutorial , it is not always practical or desirable to have visible labels for all of your objects. For example, there might only be enough space in your toolbar for a printer icon without a visible “Print” label. In cases like this, you should use the aria-label attribute to provide text labels so that users of screen readers and other adaptive technologies can understand what the object is used for.
In cases where we use an X, or X as a close button, it is especially important to have an aria label of “Close button” as a screen reader will otherwise read ‘multiplication’ or 'X’ to its user.
aria-labelledby : Identifies the element (or elements) that labels the current element. See related aria-label and aria-describedby.
aria-live : Indicates that an element is dynamic, changing, and will be updated, and describes the types of updates the user can expect from the live region.
There are two types of live regions: polite and assertive.
When an element uses the polite attribute, the screen reader is able to finish reading what it was focused on before it reads the updated live region.
With an assertive attribute, the screen reader interrupts what it is doing to read the updated live region.
aria-owns : Identifies an element (or elements) in order to define a visual, functional, or contextual parent/child relationship between DOM elements where the DOM hierarchy cannot be used to represent the relationship. See related aria-controls.
aria-pressed (state) : Indicates the current “pressed” state of toggle buttons. See related aria-checked and aria-selected.
aria-required : Indicates that user input is required on the element before a form may be submitted.
aria-selected (state) : Indicates the current “selected” state of various widgets. See related aria-checked and aria-pressed.
ARIA Properties
The nature of the thing, describe relationships with other elements
<input aria-required="true">
<input aria-label="Mobile Navigation">
ARIA States
The current state of this particular thing - typically updated with JavaScript
<input aria-disabled="true">
<input aria-expanded="false">
<input aria-hidden="true">
Benefits of Accessibility
Curb cuts were designed for wheelchairs, but others use them. Similarly, accessibility features end up helping everyone.
Many times, good design and user experience practices create accessibility as a side effect.
Accessibility features, like good alt text, can improve your search engine placement.
Accessibility is a continuum, not a checkbox
Photo credit: Matt Carman opens in a new window cc opens in a new window
Accessibility tools can help, but they are not a full subsititute for manual testing.
You don't have to be perfect to be helping. No site will be perfectly accessible for everyone in the world.
Primary Resources & Articles
General Resources & Articles
General Resources & Articles
General Resources & Articles
Testing Tools
Browser Extension Tools
Testing Tools
Color Contrast Tools
Sites Approved by Accessible Users
Contact Information!
Please feel free to contact me with any other questions!
lindsaysilver1@gmail.com


biBeveledShape function
- {bool flip = false,
- double radius = 5,
- bool shrinkOneCorner = false,
- double ratio = 5 / 4,
- AlignmentGeometry shrinkCornerAlignment}
🔰 biBeveledShape
Returns a BeveledRectangleBorder where the passed radius
is applied to
two diagonally opposite corners while the other two remain square.
Default is beveled topRight and bottomLeft, but flip
passed true
will mirror the result.
Pass true
to shrinkOneCorner
to increase the radius on one of the
resultant beveled corners based on Alignment
pass to shrinkCornerAlignment
.
This aids when stacking multiple biBeveledShape within one another when offset with padding while a uniform border is desired.
(See: [Surface._buildBiBeveledShape)
Implementation
BeveledRectangleBorder biBeveledShape({
bool flip = false,
double radius = 5,
bool shrinkOneCorner = false,
double ratio = 5 / 4,
AlignmentGeometry shrinkCornerAlignment,
}) {
flip ??= false;
shrinkOneCorner ??= false;
double tr = (flip) ? 0.0 : radius;
double bl = (flip) ? 0.0 : radius;
double tl = (flip) ? radius : 0.0;
double br = (flip) ? radius : 0.0;
if (shrinkOneCorner) {
if ((shrinkCornerAlignment ?? Alignment.center) != Alignment.center) {
if (shrinkCornerAlignment == Alignment.topRight)
tr *= ratio;
else if (shrinkCornerAlignment == Alignment.bottomRight)
br *= ratio;
else if (shrinkCornerAlignment == Alignment.bottomLeft)
bl *= ratio;
else if (shrinkCornerAlignment == Alignment.topLeft) tl *= ratio;
}
}
// print('FLIP: $flip, shrinking? $shrinkOneCorner | tr: $tr, br: $br, bl: $bl, tl: $tl');
return BeveledRectangleBorder(
borderRadius: BorderRadius.only(
topRight: Radius.circular(tr),
bottomRight: Radius.circular(br),
bottomLeft: Radius.circular(bl),
topLeft: Radius.circular(tl),
));
}


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About Human Act Human Act is a worldwide development organization that aims
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Apache™ FOP: Getting Help
Checklist for Finding Appropriate Resources
The Apache™ FOP developer community is eager to help you maximize the usefulness of FOP. However, to make wise use of its limited resources, support must be primarily self-service. Go through the following checklist sequentially to determine what kind of help you need, and where to get it:
Understand Underlying Technologies
If you have a questions about XML, XSLT, or XSL-FO that are not directly related to FOP, please consult resources that are appropriate for those questions. FOP is an implementation of these technologies, and when you use FOP, there is a presumption that you have a working understanding of them. We have included several useful links on our Resources page that may help you get started.
Understand FOP's Limitations
FOP is a work in progress, and has some limitations.
FOP does not yet fully comply with the W3C XSL-FO standard. The developers track which standard requirements have been implemented, and have documented these capabilities on the Compliance page. FOP has other limitations regarding specific output formats, graphic formats, etc. These limitations are noted in appropriate places in the documentation. If these documents appear to be in error, continue down this checklist so that either the document or the software can be corrected. Otherwise, please do not submit mailing list questions or bug reports regarding features documented in the standard, or documented as limitations in other parts of the documentation.
Please especially do not submit questions asking when a particular feature will be implemented. There are too many unknowns to make even a reasonable estimate. Every time a developer stops to answer such a question, the answer will inevitably be "I don't know", but the time taken to respond is time spent away from development. The only sure way to get a feature implemented is to pitch in and help.
Read the Documentation
Review the documentation pages on this site. There is information about how to run FOP, how to embed it, how to add custom fonts etc.
Check the FAQs
Consult the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) to see if your question has already been answered.
Review FOP User Mailing List Archive
It is possible that your question has already been answered but has not yet found its way into the FAQ. Links to the FOP User mailing list archives are on the Mailing List page.
Look for an Existing Issue Report
See Reported Issues for instructions on how to use the list of open issues. Review these open issues to see if any match your concerns. If so, please do not post a mailing list question or report another issue, as these will only slow the development team down.
Submit Question to FOP User Mailing List
See FOP User Mailing List for details.
Enter an Issue Report
If, and only if, you have followed all of the above steps, and believe that there is a bug or needed feature that you would like to report, please enter an issue in Bugzilla. Never use Bugzilla to post questions, only to enter issues that have already been asked on the user mailing list.
See Reporting New Issues for detailed instructions on how to enter an issue.
Find Out How You Can Help
As stated above, the FOP development team is a limited resource. Most make their livings doing things other than writing and supporting FOP. Perhaps you need a feature from the XSL-FO standard to be implemented right away, or a bug fixed, or a new output format, or .... If so, there are several ways that you can help:
- Become a FOP developer.
- Fund a developer (or part of one). There is usually at least one FOP developer who would be glad to devote more time to FOP development if funding were in place.
- Help out on the user mailing list. Users giving good answers to other users allows developers to focus more on development and less on support.


In this class, we will read about research done here at Duke. You will contribute to the cognitive psychology community at large by creating Wikipedia profiles of underrepresented cognitive psychologists, and you will contribute to the Duke cognitive psychology community by writing about the research done at Duke for a lay audience.
As part of this community building process, you may become interested in learning more about the Duke researchers we cover and the future directions of their research, and you may become interested in doing cognitive psychology research of your own. Certainly, I hope this is the case!
Here is a list of the Duke research papers we will cover in class:
Gruters, K. G., Murphy, D. L. K., Jenson, C. D., Smith, D. W., Shera, C. A., & Groh, J. M. (2018). The eardrums move when the eyes move: A multisensory effect on the mechanics of hearing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(6), E1309–E1318. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717948115
Seli, P., Carriere, J. S. A., Wammes, J. D., Risko, E. F., Schacter, D. L., & Smilek, D. (2018). On the Clock: Evidence for the Rapid and Strategic Modulation of Mind Wandering. Psychological Science, 29(8), 1247–1256. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797618761039
Kragel, P. A., Knodt, A. R., Hariri, A. R., & LaBar, K. S. (2016). Decoding Spontaneous Emotional States in the Human Brain. PLOS Biology, 14(9), e2000106. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2000106
d’Arbeloff, T. C., Kim, M. J., Knodt, A. R., Radtke, S. R., Brigidi, B. D., & Hariri, A. R. (2018). Microstructural integrity of a pathway connecting the prefrontal cortex and amygdala moderates the association between cognitive reappraisal and negative emotions. Emotion, 18(6), 912–915. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000447
Bergelson, E., & Aslin, R. N. (2017). Nature and origins of the lexicon in 6-mo-olds. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(49), 12916–12921. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712966114
Rubin, D. C., Deffler, S. A., & Umanath, S. (2019). Scenes enable a sense of reliving: Implications for autobiographical memory. Cognition, 183, 44–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.10.024
Stanley, M. L., Parikh, N., Stewart, G. W., & De Brigard, F. (2017). Emotional intensity in episodic autobiographical memory and counterfactual thinking. Consciousness and Cognition, 48, 283–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2016.12.013
Yin, S., Sui, J., Chiu, Y.-C., Chen, A., & Egner, T. (2019). Automatic Prioritization of Self-Referential Stimuli in Working Memory. Psychological Science, 30(3), 415–423. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797618818483
Pearson, J. M., Law, J. R., Skene, J. A. G., Beskind, D. H., Vidmar, N., Ball, D. A., … Skene, J. H. P. (2018). Modelling the effects of crime type and evidence on judgments about guilt. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(11), 856–866. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0451-z
Stanley, M. L., Henne, P., Yang, B. W., & De Brigard, F. (2019). Resistance to Position Change, Motivated Reasoning, and Polarization. Political Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-019-09526-z
Fazio, L. K., Brashier, N. M., Payne, B. K., & Marsh, E. J. (2015). Knowledge does not protect against illusory truth. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(5), 993–1002. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000098
Brady, S. T., Hard, B. M., & Gross, J. J. (2018). Reappraising test anxiety increases academic performance of first-year college students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 110(3), 395–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000219
Below I include links to the researchers behind this work.


APEC Bill overreaches on gun liberalisation
by Green Party20 November 2019
The Green Party is opposing a Bill that provides for expanded powers for NZ police and foreign security agents, including powers to import and use restricted guns during the APEC summit in 2021, spokesperson for Justice Golriz Ghahraman said today.
“New Zealand’s existing laws should be enough to provide for security of visitors during APEC. We should prioritise the rights and security of the New Zealand public rather than expand powers that put us at risk.
“We know that both here and overseas, force is most commonly used against persons of colour, so certain communities are going to be put at most risk.
“There’s no need to change which guns are allowed in New Zealand or how restricted firearms are imported.
“At a time that we’re reforming our domestic gun laws it doesn’t make sense to move the other way for this meeting.
“The Bill also allows for restrictions on movement of people living in private apartment blocks and areas being used by APEC visitors, and raises privacy concerns due to the authorisation of wireless electronic countermeasure (W-ECM) technology, a form of surveillance that foreign intelligence services would be allowed to use against the public here.
“Unfortunately Governments have allowed these sorts of exceptions in the past and it’s become part and parcel of hosting these meetings.
“We will be opposing this Bill at first reading today.”
ends


rhythmbox(1) rhythmbox(1) NAME rhythmbox - music player and library for tagged files using GStreamer SYNOPSIS rhythmbox [option...] DESCRIPTION rhythmbox is a very easy to use music playing and management program which supports a wide range of audio formats (including mp3 and ogg). Originally inspired by Apple's iTunes, the current version also supports Internet Radio and Last.fm integration, iPod syncing and generic portable audio player support. Audio CD playback, ripping and encoding, music sharing, and Podcasts. For performance reasons, the remote control abilities have been moved from the rhythmbox binary to a separate program. See rhythmbox-client and the corresponding man page for documentation. OPTIONS -d, --debug Enable debug output -D, --debug-match=match Enable debug output matching a specified string --no-update Do not update the library with file changes -n, --no-registration Do not register the shell --dry-run Don't save any data permanently (implies --no-registration) --rhythmdb-file=file Path for database file to use --playlists-file=file Path for playlists file to use -q, --quit Quit rhythmbox --display=DISPLAY X display to use -?, --help Show help options --help-all Show all help options --help-gst Show GStreamer Options --help-gtk Show GTK+ Options --help-sm-client Show session management options AUTHOR This manual page was written by Sven Arvidsson<EMAIL_ADDRESS>for the Debian system (but may be used by others). SEE ALSO rhythmbox-client(1). The online documentation available through the program's Help menu. GNOME 2006-12-24 rhythmbox(1)


Discord Elixir v1.1.18 DiscordEx.RestClient.Resources.User View Source
Convience helper for user resource
Link to this section Summary
Functions
Get all user connections
Create direct message channel for user
Get currrent user
Get user direct message channels
Get user data for a specific user id
Current user guilds
Leave guild
User login that returns connection
User logout which kills the connection process
Modify the current user
Query users with results from mutual guilds
Link to this section Functions
Get all user connections
Parameters
- conn: User connection for REST holding auth info
Examples
User.connections(conn)
Link to this function
create_dm_channel(conn, recipient_id)
View Source
create_dm_channel(pid(), number()) :: map()
Create direct message channel for user
Parameters
- conn: User connection for REST holding auth info
- recipient_id: The user id in which a direct message channel should be open
Examples
User.create_dm_channel(conn,<PHONE_NUMBER>736571)
Get currrent user
Parameters
- conn: User connection for REST holding auth info
Examples
User.current(conn)
Get user direct message channels
Parameters
- conn: User connection for REST holding auth info
Examples
User.dm_channels(conn)
Get user data for a specific user id
Parameters
- conn: User connection for REST holding auth info
- user_id: User ID
Examples
User.get(conn,<PHONE_NUMBER>02390)
Current user guilds
Parameters
- conn: User connection for REST holding auth info
Examples
User.guilds(conn)
Leave guild
Parameters
- conn: User connection for REST holding auth info
- guild_id: The identifier for the guild in which the user wishes to leave
Examples
User.guilds(conn,<PHONE_NUMBER>2384)
User login that returns connection
Parameters
- email: User’s email
- password: User’s password
Examples
User.login("user39023@discordapp.com","password")
#=> {:ok, #PID<0.200.0>}
User logout which kills the connection process
Parameters
- conn: User connection for REST holding auth info
Examples
User.logout(conn)
#=> :ok
Modify the current user
Parameters
- conn: User connection for REST holding auth info
- options: Updateable options which include (username, avatar) and email, password.
Examples
User.modify(conn, %{username: "SuperUserKato", email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>password: "password"})
Link to this function
query(conn, username, limit \\ 25)
View Source
query(pid(), String.t(), number()) :: list()
Query users with results from mutual guilds
Parameters
- conn: User connection for REST holding auth info
- username: Nick of user who you are looking up
- limit: How many results to return. (default: 25)
Examples
User.query(conn, "tontoXL3902", 10)


Getting started
See the Installation page after reviewing the below.
Managed Service
You can sign up to Anomify, a cutting edge Skyline service, built and managed by the team behind Skyline. Anomify is offering a free service for beta users. Or you can elect to clone the Skyline repository from Github and run Skyline on premise or in your own cloud infrastructure and follow the steps below.
A collection of applications
Skyline is made up of a collection of applications that interact with each other but all run independently, each fulfilling a specific role in the analysis pipeline. Lets go through them briefly. Horizon, Analyzer, Mirage, Panorama, Boundary, Crucible, Ionosphere, Luminosity, Vista, Flux and the webapp (and snab). That is a lot… full featured. Only the core real times applications will be introduced here.
Graphite - although Graphite is not part of Skyline it is Skyline’s long term time series database.
VictoriaMetrics - not part of Skyline but can be used as Skyline’s long term time series database for label based metrics.
Redis - database for transient real time data and sharing data between Skyline applications.
Horizon - receives metrics from Graphite (and labelled metrics from Flux) and feeds them into Redis. And also prunes old time series data from Redis.
Flux ingests metrics via HTTP in various formats, including JSON and Prometheus protocol buffer format.
Analyzer - every minute, gets 24 hours of metric data from Redis and analyses them all with 9 three-sigma based algorithms and pushes potential anomalies to Mirage or Ionosphere.
Mirage analyses potential anomalies with the same 9 three-sigma based algorithms but against a longer period of data than 24 hours, normally 7 days. It also analyses the metric with any defined custom algorithms such as matrixprofile. If the instance is still considered anomalous, Mirage forwards it to Ionosphere (if the metric has been trained on) or alerts on the metric.
Ionosphere extracts features and potentially anomalous shapelets from the data and runs similarity searches across all trained data, if still anomalous, it sends an event to Panorama and back to the originating app, e.g. Mirage to route the event as appropriate.
Panorama receives detected anomalies from Analyzer, Mirage, Boundary and Ionosphere and records the details in the database.
Boundary analyses defined metrics against specified thresholds and configured dynamic thresholds and alerts if breached.
Luminosity cross correlates anomalies with the entire or defined metric population and can classify anomaly types.
Panorama records and tracks anomalies in the DB
Realistic expectations
Anomaly detection is not easy. Skyline is not easy to set up, it has a number of moving parts that need to be orchestrated. Further to this, for Skyline to be configured, trained and start learning takes time. But rest assured once set up, it just runs and runs and runs, requiring minimal maintenance, if any (apart from when things need to be upgraded).
Anomaly detection is a journey not an app
Anomaly detection is partly about automated anomaly detection and partly about knowing your metrics and time series patterns. Not all time series are created equally.
It helps to think of anomaly detection as an ongoing journey. Although ideally it would be great to be able to computationally detect anomalies with a high degree of certainty, there is no getting away from the fact that the more you learn, “help” and tune your anomaly detection, the better it will become.
The fact that Skyline does computationally detect anomalies with a high degree of certainty, can be a problem in itself. But it is not Skyline’s fault that:
a lot of your metrics are anomalous
that feeding all your metrics to Skyline and setting alerting on all your metric namespaces is too noisy to be generally considered useful
Enabling metrics incrementally
Skyline was originally pitched to automatically monitor #allthethings, all your metrics, it can but…
Skyline should have been pitched to monitor your KEY metrics.
To begin with decide what your 100 most important metrics are and only
configure settings.ALERTS
and settings.SMTP_OPTS
(you can use
no_email
to not recieve alerts). If you have Slack, set up a channel and
send these to begin with and get to know what Skyline does with those. Add
more key metric groups as you get the hang of it.
You cannot rush time series.
Enabling Skyline modules incrementally
Skyline’s modules do different things differently and understanding the process and pipeline helps to tune each Skyline module appropriately for your data.
Each analysis based module, Analyzer, Mirage, Boundary, Ionosphere, Luminosity (and Crucible), have their own specific configurations. These configurations are not extremely complex, but they are not obvious or trivial either when you are starting out. Bringing Skyline modules online incrementally over time, helps you to understand the processes and their different configuration settings easier. Easier than trying to get the whole stack up and running straight off.
Start with Horizon, Analyzer, Mirage, Ionosphere and Webapp, Luminosity and Panorama
It is advisable to only start the Horizon, Analyzer, Mirage, Ionosphere, Webapp,
Luminosity and Panorama daemons initially and take time to understand what
Skyline is doing. Take some time to tune Analyzer’s settings.ALERTS
and
learn the patterns in your IMPORTANT metrics:
which metrics trigger anomalies?
when the metrics trigger anomalies?
why/what known events are triggering anomalies?
are there seasonality/periodicity in anomalies some metrics?
what metrics are critical and what metrics are just “normal”/expected noise
Panorama will help you view what things are triggering as anomalous.
Once you have got an idea of what you want to anomaly detect on and more importantly, on what and when you want to alert, you can start to define the settings for other Skyline modules such as Mirage, Boundary and Ionosphere and bring them online too. However do consider enabling Ionosphere from the outset as well.
Add Mirage parameters to settings.ALERTS
Once you have an overview of metrics that have seasonality that are greater
than the settings.FULL_DURATION
, you can add their Mirage parameters to
the settings.ALERTS
tuples to be analysed by Mirage. And set
ENABLE_MIRAGE
to True
.
Add Boundary settings
You will know what your key metrics are and you can define their acceptable
boundaries and alerting channels in the settings.BOUNDARY_METRICS
tuples
and start the Boundary daemon.
Train Ionosphere
Via the alert emails or in the Skyline Ionosphere UI, train Ionosphere on what is NOT anomalous.
Play with Vortex
After you have over 7 days of data in the system, you can run whatever metrics you want through all the different algorithms and see their results, just for fun.
Ignore Crucible
Still EXPERIMENTAL - for the time being.
You will probably like Vortex more.
By default Crucible is enabled in the settings.py
however, for other Skyline
modules to send Crucible data, Crucible has to be enabled via the appropriate
settings.py
variable for each module, Analyzer and Mirage, etc.
Crucible has 2 roles:
Store resources (time series json and graph pngs) for triggered anomalies - note this can consume a lot of disk space if enabled.
Run ad hoc analysis on any time series and create matplotlib plots for the run algorithms.
It is not advisable to enable Crucible on any of the other modules unless you really want to “see” anomalies in great depth. Crucible allows the user to test any time series of any metric directly through the webapp UI.


{% extends 'home.html' %} {% load static %} {%block body %}
Model predicts that you will not get brain stroke in upcoming time period , so cheers and do regular checkups !
Model predicts that you will get brain stoke in upcoming time period , we strongly recommend you to meet a doctor -->


[name] can be used to render geometric data using SVG. The produced vector graphics are particular useful in the following use cases:
[name] has various advantages. It produces crystal-clear and sharp output which is independent of the actual viewport resolution.
SVG elements can be styled via CSS. And they have good accessibility since it's possible to add metadata like title or description (useful for search engines or screen readers).
There are, however, some important limitations:
[name] is an add-on, and must be imported explicitly. See [link:#manual/introduction/Installation Installation / Addons].
import { SVGRenderer } from 'three/addons/renderers/SVGRenderer.js';
[example:svg_lines lines]
[example:svg_sandbox sandbox]
Number of fractional pixels to enlarge polygons in order to prevent anti-aliasing gaps. Range is [0..1]. Default is `0.5`.
Tells the renderer to clear its drawing surface.
Returns an object containing the width and height of the renderer.
Renders a [page:Scene scene] using a [page:Camera camera].
Sets the clearColor and the clearAlpha.
Sets the precision of the data used to create a path.
Sets the render quality. Possible values are `low` and `high` (default).
Resizes the renderer to (width, height).
[link:https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js/blob/master/examples/jsm/renderers/SVGRenderer.js examples/jsm/renderers/SVGRenderer.js]


DNA damaging agents induce expression of Fas ligand and subsequent apoptosis in T lymphocytes via the activation of NF-kappa B and AP-1.
Abstract
Apoptosis induced by DNA damage and other stresses can proceed via expression of Fas ligand (FasL) and ligation of its receptor, Fas (CD95). We report that activation of the two transcription factors NF-kappa B and AP-1 is crucially involved in FasL expression induced by etoposide, teniposide, and UV irradiation. A nondegradable mutant of I kappa B blocked both FasL expression and apoptosis induced by DNA damage but not Fas ligation. These stimuli also induced the stress-activated kinase pathway (SAPK /JNK), which was required for the maximal induction of apoptosis. A 1.2 kb FasL promoter responded to DNA damage, as well as coexpression with p65 Rel or Fos/Jun. Mutations in the relevant NF-kappa B and AP-1 binding sites eliminated these responses. Thus, activation of NF-kappa B and AP-1 contributes to stress-induced apoptosis via the expression of FasL.


{% extends "main.html" %}
{% comment %}
Author: Conrado Buhrer
Date: 16th of March 2009
Copyright: Emocracy Project - http://emocracy.nl
Description:
Third Party Application example.
Application top level menu
{% endcomment %}
{% block content %}
{{ title }}
{{ body }}
{% include "issue_detail_footer.html" %}
{% endblock %}


| Ingredients | Quantity |
|---|---|
| Bananas | 1 |
| Eggs | 1 |
| Milk | 1 Cup |
| Vanilla Extract | 1 Splash |
| Ground Oatmeal | 1/2 Cup |
| Whole Flour | 1/2 Cup |
| Baking Powder | 1 tsp |
| Salt | 1 tsp |
| Cinnamon | 1 tbsp |
| Blueberries | 1/2 Cup |
Step 1: Mash banana, whisk in egg, milk, and vanilla.
Step 2: In a seperate bowl, mix Oatmeal, flour, baking powder, salt, and cinnamon.
Step 3: Gently add liquid ingredients to dry, then add blueberries.
Step 4: Using 1/3 measuring cup, dole out mixture into frying pan - greased with coconut oil, heated to medium, reduced to low once browned.
Step 5: Cook until yummy, serve with crushed walnuts, fresh strawberries, and maple syrup.
| Ingredients | Quantity |
|---|---|
| Thick Slice Bread | 4 Slices |
| Eggs | 5 |
| Milk | 1 Splash |
| Vanilla Extract | 1 Splash |
| Ground CornFlakes | 1 Cup |
| Cinnamon | 1 tbsp |
Step 1: Whisk egg, milk, and vanilla.
Step 2: Lay bread in flat casserole, pour mixture over bread, sprinkle cinnamon, flip bread and soak until saturated.
Step 3: Spread ground cornflakes on plate, quickly coat each side of bread and place in frying pan - greased with coconut oil, heated to medium, brown on each side until crisp.
Step 4: Remove from frying pan, place in oven - pre-heated to 350 fahrenheit.
Step 5: Cook until yummy, serve with fresh strawberries and maple syrup.
| Ingredients | Quantity |
|---|---|
| Bread | 1 Slice |
| Egg | 1 |
| Salt | 1 Shake |
| Pepper | 2 Shakes |
Step 1: Cut hole in middle of bread with cookie cutter or shot glass.
Step 2: Fry bread, including hole, in frying pan - greased with butter, heated to medium.
Step 3: Reduce heat and crack that egg! Add salt and pepper, flip and eat.


We’ve been busy developing some new products. We’re proud to announce the launch of the Auto-Reporter.
The AutoReporter writes economic and statistical reports automatically. Our algorithm gathers, analyses, visualises, and interprets data. Because the process is robotic, it can rewrite whole reports with the tweak of a parameter. You can follow this link to read a white paper describing the method. You can may also want to download an example report (showing how the economic downturn will affect Manchester’s economy).
There are a range of benefits:
- Don’t repeat yourself: once a report is written it may be regenerated many times, most importantly, every time new data is made available – even years after the original draft;
- Be transparent and credible: scripted reports connect open data to decisions through analysis. The evidence base, and the logic used for interpretation is transparent and therefore credible;
- Don’t worry about carrying errors forward: with manually generated research, any mistakes made at the beginning are costly as the error will be carried forward through subsequent stages. Even after an error is discovered and corrected, subsequent tasks may need to be redone (if they are based on the erroneous data). With reproducible research this process requires no costly repetition of manual tasks;
- Benefit from lessons learned from other’s mistakes: a single report could be generated for multiple circumstances. It’s likely that if your organisation values the report then others will too. As a result, organisations may find that sharing ideas and techniques will be of mutual benefit (notwithstanding issues of confidentiality or competition);
- Accuracy: The numbers and graphics reported are accurate. They’re calculated from source data each time the report is run. This avoids problems with mismatched versions of data and analysis that often arise from inconsistent manual updates.
- Power: Once a report has been written for one area, it may be reproduced for others. You’ve written a report for your borough and now you want one for each ward? Fine! Just change the parameters on the report (data permitting) and you can generate the same analysis (data tables and charts) for each neighbourhood.
You can read a case study about how Innovas Consulting employed this tool to produce 60+ tailored Enterprise Catalyst reports to schools in Yorkshire as part of an evaluation of enterprise activities in the region.
We’re keen to develop the technology further with our associates. We can prepare web applications that fit within your own websites, presented in with your own style and branding. This sort of technology will be valuable if you:
- employ a common methodology to different clients,
- are keen to demonstrate credibility with reproducible research,
- regularly update your analysis with new data, and/or
- need to produce tailored reports or analyses in bulk (i.e. across many topics, indicators or areas).
There are more exciting innovations in the pipeline so watch this space!


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block page_styles %} {% endblock %} {% block navbar %} {% include 'navbar.html' %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Welcome to the {{ config['POOL_NAME'] }} virtual appliance! Start configuring your appliance by clicking on the get started button. Configuration takes about 10 minutes! If you need help with configuration, please see the documentation!
Get Started Now!Everything you see here is Open Source and free to use by anyone, anywhere, at any time. The Bitcoin methodology teaches high decentralization and trust of all components, including infrastructure hardware and software.
Run Your Own PoolThe OpenStack Project provides the cloud controller fabric for the {{ config['POOL_NAME'] }} compute pool. OpenStack can run on anything from a single desktop computer to an entire datacenter. Get started by installing OpenStack today!
Install OpenStack


Health Insurance Risk Calculator
Please enter your height and weight:
Height:
metres
inches
Weight:
kilograms
pounds
Your BMI is:
?
Select Your Age:
Under 30
31 - 45
46 - 60
61+
What is your current blood pressure?
Normal
Elevated
Stage 1
Stage 2
Crisis
Do you have a history of family diseases? Select all that apply.
Cancer?
Yes
No
Diabetes?
Yes
No
Alzheimer's?
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No
Calculate Risk


Description
This course is designed to introduce you to the discipline of plant biology
and increase your awareness and appreciation of the impact of plants on your
daily lives. The first part of the course will present the fundamentals of
botany to provide you with a basic understanding of plant form and function.
The rest of the course will be devoted to a survey of historical, cultural,
and economic aspects of botany and related fields. We will finish up with an
examination of the role of plants as an integral part of the world's
ecosystem.
Course Objectives
-
To explore the world of plants, particularly those that have propped up or
supported human civilizations in important ways
-
To gain a basic understanding of plant anatomy with focus on anatomical
traits that were desired by humans for their use
- To understand how plants grow, live, and reproduce
-
To compare and contrast traditional vs. modern ways of domesticating crops
and producing plant-based products
-
To explore plant use by humans historically and globally using agriculture,
food, and medicine, as examples beginning with the first humans and ending
in modern day
-
To consider how plants are being used for sustainability purposes, including
as biofuels and for green architecture and environmental clean-up
-
To communicate about the science and historical importance of plants in
society, in written form using evidence-based approaches to support
arguments
-
To collaborate with peers to teach classmates in an effective and engaging
manner
Weekly Expectations
-
(3-4 hours) Read course material, watch videos, take notes, and participate
in discussion forums in your weekly modules.
-
(2-3 hours) Complete a homework assignment that will either involve a video
or some reading followed by some guiding questions.
-
(40 minutes) Take a 20 question, timed exam on the material you explored
every two weeks in the course (Last Day of Weeks 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13).
-
A group project will be due the Friday of week 11 with the assignment load
reduced in the week leading up to it. Parts of the project will be built
earlier in the course as well.
-
Group Plant Lessons Based On Your Plant From Your Book: The goal is for each
plant book group to create 40 minute Wikipage style lessons that are
engaging and include important stories as to why your particular plant
is/was so useful to human civilizations. These lessons will be due by the
end of week 11. Use my CANVAS lessons as models, but feel free to be
creative and teach however you think will be engaging and informative. For a
complete overview of this project, click here.
Course Schedule
Our weekly course schedule for the semester can be accessed via Canvas.
Required Material
-
Access to internet to view and watch course materials on CANVAS. It is your
responsibility to have internet access in an online course, with free
internet availability at certain coffeehouses and the public library if you
have connectivity issues at some point during the semester.
-
After selecting your plant group at the end of week #1, purchase one plant
book, which will be discussed in your groups and used as a resource to
develop a lesson based on that plant for your classmates to engage with
later in the course.
Course Grading
| Assignment |
# of Assignments |
Total Points |
% of Course Grade |
|
Syllabus Quiz, Examity Set-Up, Academic Integrity Statement and Divy Book
Discussion Forum
|
4 @ 2 or 3 pts |
10 |
2% |
| Homework: Individual Essays |
6 @ 15 pts |
90 |
15% |
| Homework: Group WikiPages |
2 @ 20 pts |
40 |
6% |
| Discussion Forum Participation |
11 @ 10 pts |
110 |
18% |
| Exams |
5 @ 40 pts / 1 @ 50 pts |
250 |
42% |
| Group Plant Book Teaching Lesson + Group Peer Review |
80 pts / 20 pts |
100 |
17% |
| Total Points |
|
600 |
100% |
Late Policy
Since you are given a full week to complete each module, at your convenience,
late assignments will not be tolerated. Starting after the drop/add (Week 2),
quizzes and discussion forums will close each Monday at 11:59 PM ET with no
opportunity for make-ups without a University-recognized excuse. Homework
assignments will be docked -25% in the first 24 hours of being late, -50% in
the next 48 hours of being late, and then will receive a zero for anything
later than that. Penn State University provides a listing of recognized
excuses for absence; include appropriate documentation from a doctor or other
Pennsylvania State University recognized reasons, such as a religious holiday
or participation as an athlete in a D1 sports event.

Final grades will be calculated from your earned grades in the course, with no
curve as follows:
A = 92.0-100 A- = 90.0-91.9 B+ = 88.0-89.9 B = 82.0-87.9 B- = 80.0-81.9 C+ =
78.0-79.9 C = 70.0-77.9 D = 60-69.9.


How sensors communicate with the internet is a fundamental consideration when conceiving of a connected project. There are many different ways to connect your sensors to the web, but how to know which are best for your project?
Having just spent the better part of a week researching these new network technologies, this brief guide outlines the key aspects to focus on for an optimal IoT deployment:
Advanced radio technology
- Deep indoor performance – networks utilising sub-GHz ISM (industrial-scientific-medical) frequency bands such as LoRaWAN, NWave and Sigfox are able to penetrate the core of large structures and even subsurface deployments.
- Location aware networking – a variety of networks are able to track remote sensors even without the use of embedded GPS modules. Supporting sensors moving between hubs – with advanced handoff procedures and innovative network topologies mobile sensors can move around an area and remain in contact with core infrastructure without disrupting data transmission. Intelligent node handoff is also crucial for reducing packet loss, if the connection to one hub is hampered by passing through particularly chatty radiowaves, the node can switch to a better placed hub to relay it’s crucial payload.
- Interference resistance – the capability of a network to cleave through radio traffic and interference that would ordinarily risk data loss.
Low energy profiling
- Device modes – LoRaWAN is a great case and point with three classes of edge node: the first, Class A, allows a brief downlink window after each uplink upload i.e after having sent a message, the sensor listens in for new instructions; a Class A node appoints a scheduled downlink slot, the device checks in at a certain point; and the last, Class C type nodes, listen for downlink messages from LoRaWAN hubs at all times. The latter burns considerably more power.
- Asynchronous communication – this enables sensors to communicate data in dribs and drabs where possible, services do not need to wait for eachother thereby reducing power consumption.
- Adaptive data rates (ADR) – depending on the quality of signal and attenuation, modern networks are able to dynamically allocate data rate depending on interference, distance to hub etc. This delivers real scalability benefits, frees up space on the radio spectrum (spectrum optimisation) and improves overall network reliability.
security
- Authentication – maintains data integrity by ensuring the sensor which is publishing that mission critical data really is that sensor and not an impostor node. Ensures information privacy.
- End to end encryption (E2E) – prevents tampering and maintains system integrity.
- Integrated security – good network security avoids potential breaches and doesn’t place the onus on costly, heavily encrypted message payloads.
- Secure management of security keys – either written remotely on the initial install or embedded at manufacture, security keys are fundamental to system security. ZigBee’s recent security issue shows how not to manage security keys, by sending them unencrypted over-the-air to devices on an initial install.
- Receipt acknowledgement – ensures mission critical data is confirmed received by network or device.
Advanced network design
- Full bidirectional comms – enables over the air (OTA) updates, enabling operators to push new firmware or system updates to thousands of remotely deployed sparse sensors at the push of a button. This is critical to a dynamic and responsive network. As with device modes mentioned previously, bidirectionality allows deployed devices to function as actuators and take action (close a gate, set off a fire alarm etc) rather than just one-way sensors publishing to a server.
- Embedded scalability and consistent QoS – as load increases on a network so too does the capacity of the network. This takes the form of adaptive data rates, prevention of packet loss by interference and channel-blocking, the ability to deploy over-the-air updates and ensuring the capability to add nodes, hubs and maintain existing assets without impacting on overall network service, perhaps through automatic adaptation.
There are also a number of legal, cost, market and power focused aspects worth considering that I shall not cover here. But, critically, it’s worth mentioning that the majority of these technologies operate on ISM (industrial – scientific – medical) frequency bands, and as a result are unlicensed. These bands are regulated and there are rules, however anyone operating on these bands can do so without purchasing a license.  Therefore, with a variety of other vendors blasting away across the radio waves, these technologies encounter significantly more interference than the licensed spectrum. However, the new networks, LoRa, Sigfox, NWave etc are based on protocols and technologies designed to better sort through this noisy environment, grab a channel and send a message.
Understanding that the airwaves are a chaotic mess underlines the importance placed on features such as adaptive data rates, node handoff and power saving methods such as asynchronous communication. Wired networks do not have to consider such things. But for most it’s not just a case of who shouts loudest wins. The majority of wireless protocols ‘play nice’ opting for a polite “listen, then talk” approach, waiting for a free slot in the airwaves before sending their message.
Some protocols such as Sigfox forego such niceties and adopt a shout loud, shout longer approach, broadcasting without listening. A typical LoRaWAN payload takes a fraction of a second to transmit, Sigfox by comparison sends messages 3-4 seconds in length. However, if you just broadcast without listening, Sigfox must therefore operate with severe cycle duty limitations, which translate into a limited number of messages sent per device per day and severe data rate limitations.
These choices also translate into varying costs, and critically, into battery life limitations and gains, the crux of any remote deployment.
See this link for a matrix of the major technologies currently vying for network domination.


Open Budget deals with large datasets. A primary focus of the project is to make it easy to import large datasets in bulk. There is still much work to do here, but we have a good start.
Importing datasets requires preparation. First and foremost, the data needs to be in a file format that Open Budget can understand. At present, this means in CSV format, with the file encoded in UTF-8. Additionally, each single CSV file must describe only one, and a complete, dataset.
We have an ongoing community project at present to allow support direct import from a Google Spreadsheet, bypassing the need to save to a CSV file.
At present, the following datasets can be imported in bulk:
This section of the documentation deals with the file structure we specify for each importable dataset.
For more information on the actual importing mechanisms, please see the “Import” page of the “Features” section of the guide.
To create an importable file of the correct type, you’ll need to use any spreadsheet app that can output as CSV in UTF-8 encoding.
We work with Google Docs, which is a great choice for creating and collaborating on the files before importing.
I’ll describe our current workflow. It is not optimal, and not required, but it is “how we do things” at present.
The first step, of course, is to get some source data. Source data comes from a range of sources, depending on the dataset. For example, in the Israel Municipality case, “Context” data comes from the Central Bureau of Statistics, and “Budget” data comes from each individual municipality.
It is very rare that the source data will come in a format that is importable.
Further, the vast majority of source data features errors.
So, we currently do a manual process (this can, in large part, be automated) of taking the source data, and converting it to an importable structure.
We currently use Google Docs exclusively for this task. There are several advantages to using Google Docs. Obviously, collaboration is easy. Additionally, it opens the possibility of adding data validations that can help prevent data entry errors. We currently employ several data validations on “Sheet” datasets.
Once the data is in a Google Spreadsheet, we review the data in comparison to the source, and, if the dataset has validations, we review for validation warnings. For example, we use cross-document validations between “Template” and “Sheet” docs, to check that budgets follow the template they are supposed to.
Currently, we still need a CSV file for importing data. Therefore, we export CSV files from Google Docs, one file per dataset.
We then take this exported CSV and import, either via the interactive importer or via the command line importer.
In the commandline importer, import into the database will fail if the dataset is not valid.
In the interactive importer, a validation process takes place before any attempt to put data into the database. If the dataset is invalid for any reason, the user will get notification, along with specific instructions for the invalid data.
The importer does a range of validations on data to be imported, but there are always corner cases or use cases we perhaps did not predict.
To make things easier, check the following in your source file before trying to import:
A Template describe a structure for budget sheets.
There can be multiple templates, applicable at different points in time, and applicable to different Divisions in a Domain. For example, one template for Israel Municipalities between 1994 and 2013, another from 2014 - 2018, and another template for the Israel State from 2010-2011.
When importing a template, every row in the file must be a distinct Template Node.
In addition, you’ll fill out some form fields on import that provide us with other required metadata for the dataset: Name of the template, what divisions it applies to, and the period of time for which it is valid.
All headers are required, even if some columns may be completely empty (because not all data is required).
Please see the example Template Format worksheet:
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0AoJzAmQXH28mdGllRS1EWFB2aFF3Qk5DbHgyakE4Q0E#gid=4
And, here is an example dataset, the Israel Municipality Budget template, applicable from 1994 onwards:
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0AoJzAmQXH28mdC12X3FrWi13VjU4bnh4dnZJekNTQXc#gid=4
A Sheet describes budget and actual data for a given Entity, in a given period.
As with importing a Template, you’ll fill out some form fields on import that provide us with other required metadata for the dataset: Name of the entity the Sheet is for, period of the Sheet, a description text for the budget, and so on.
All headers are required, even if some columns may be completely empty (because not all data is required).
Please see the example Sheet Format worksheet:
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0AoJzAmQXH28mdHQySzVLLVdTUzhQWnJKdGJnSW11eWc#gid=4
And, here is an example dataset, all Sheets for Gush Etzion, a municipality in Israel:
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0AoJzAmQXH28mdFB0TFQxOVk4ZkNKRFVQaFgwWHQ3d3c#gid=7
Note how, for Sheets, we create a “Data” worksheet will all data we have. This is done also to help with data validation - seeing common patterns in item codes over time, checking that an item code has the same name over time, and so on. We then generate, from this “Data” worksheet, specific worksheets for each period we have data on. It is these auto-generated sheets that are importing into the database.
Please refer to our public drive folder for all data format and structures:
https://drive.google.com/#folders/0B4JzAmQXH28md2FHUUJvZXZvb0U


Clint McKenna
September 19th, 2019
The rational way to use one’s intellect is to process information in a way that promotes consistent belief formation (Kahan et al., 2017)
“...the antagonism between identity-protective cognition and perceptual accuracy is not a consequence of too little rationality but too much” (Kahan, 2017)
Same procedure as Kahan, but obscured cells unless participants hovered over area with mouse cursor
Numeracy did not predict correct interpretation, total transitions, or Cell A fixation
...Trend towards correct interpretation, B = 1.52, p = .09
Did predict correct strategy, OR = 2.24, p = .002
Results cast doubt on suggested processes for motivated numeracy
People may be right for the wrong reasons (or don't have a good reason)
Ss may be limited by cognitive load and the study design being "one-shot"


CHSH Game¶
In this example, we show how to play the CHSH game with QuNetSim. The CHSH game is an example where a quantum strategy outperforms or wins more often, than any classical strategy. In the game, there are three parties. A referee and two cooperating players, Alice and Bob. The point of the game is, the referee sends Alice and Bob each a random bit, \(x\) to Alice and \(y\) to Bob, that is, with probability \(0.5\) Alice and Bob will receive a \(0\) and with \(0.5\) a \(1\). During the game, Alice and Bob cannot communicate with each other, but to win the game they each have to send a bit back to the referee such that the equation \(x\) and \(y = a\) xor \(b\), where \(a\) and \(b\) are the bits Alice and Bob send to the referee.
Before the game, Alice and Bob can devise a strategy and distribute resources that they can use during the game, as long as the resource is not a method of communication. The optical strategy for winning the game classically is that no matter what the referee sends them, Alice and Bob both send a \(0\). With this strategy, they can win \(75\%\) of the time. If they instead use a quantum strategy, before the game starts, they can distribute amongst themselves entangled pairs of qubits. Then, depending on the bit that the referee sends then, they perform a specific measurement on their half of the qubits. With this strategy, they can win roughly \(85\%\) of the time.
Below, we play the game both classically and quantumly.
The protocol that the referee runs the following. The referee simply generates 2 random bits and sends them to Alice and Bob respectively. He then awaits a response from both Alice and Bob and then records the statistics for if Alice and Bob won or lost.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 | def referee(ref, alice_id, bob_id):
"""
Referee protocol for CHSH game.
Args:
ref (Host): Referee host object
alice_id (str): Alice's host ID
bob_id (str): Bob's host ID
"""
wins = 0
for i in range(PLAYS):
x = random.choice([0, 1])
ref.send_classical(alice_id, str(x))
y = random.choice([0, 1])
ref.send_classical(bob_id, str(y))
alice_response = ref.get_classical(alice_id, seq_num=i, wait=5)
bob_response = ref.get_classical(bob_id, seq_num=i, wait=5)
a = int(alice_response.content)
b = int(bob_response.content)
print('X, Y, A, B --- %d, %d, %d, %d' % (x, y, a, b))
if x & y == a ^ b:
print('Winners!')
wins += 1
else:
print('Losers!')
print("Win ratio: " + "{0:.2%}".format(1. * wins / PLAYS))
|
Next we see Alice’s protocols for the classical and quantum strategies. In the classical strategy, she simply awaits a message from the referee and then sends back a 0 in all cases.
Quantumly, when she receives the message from the referee, she performs either a \(Z\) basis measurement or and \(X\) basis.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 | def alice_classical(alice_host, referee_id):
"""
Alice's classical protocol for the CHSH game.
Args:
alice_host (Host): Alice's Host object
referee_id (str): Referee's Host ID
"""
for i in range(PLAYS):
_ = alice_host.get_classical(referee_id, seq_num=i, wait=5)
alice_host.send_classical(referee_id, "0")
def alice_quantum(alice_host, referee_id, bob_id):
"""
Alice's quantum protocol for the CHSH game.
Args:
alice_host (Host): Alice's Host object
referee_id (str): Referee's Host ID
bob_id (str): Bob's Host ID (only for accessing shared EPR pairs)
"""
for i in range(PLAYS):
referee_message = alice_host.get_classical(referee_id, seq_num=i, wait=5)
x = int(referee_message.content)
epr = alice_host.get_epr(bob_id)
if x == 0:
res = epr.measure()
alice_host.send_classical(referee_id, str(res))
else:
epr.H()
res = epr.measure()
alice_host.send_classical(referee_id, str(res))
|
Classically, Bob does uses the exact same strategy. Quantumly Bob has a similar approach except that he uses another basis for his measurements, namely a rotated basis in the Y-axis.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 | def bob_classical(bob_host, referee_id):
"""
Bob's classical protocol for the CHSH game.
Args:
bob_host (Host): Bob's Host object
referee_id (str): Referee's Host ID
"""
for i in range(PLAYS):
_ = bob_host.get_classical(referee_id, seq_num=i, wait=5)
bob_host.send_classical(referee_id, "0")
def bob_quantum(bob_host, referee_id, alice_id):
"""
Bob's quantum protocol for the CHSH game.
Args:
bob_host (Host): Bob's Host object
referee_id (str): Referee's Host ID
alice_id (str): Alice's Host ID (only for accessing shared EPR pairs)
"""
for i in range(PLAYS):
referee_message = bob_host.get_classical(referee_id, seq_num=i, wait=5)
y = int(referee_message.content)
epr = bob_host.get_epr(alice_id)
if y == 0:
epr.ry(-2.0 * math.pi / 8.0)
res = epr.measure()
bob_host.send_classical(referee_id, str(res))
else:
epr.ry(2.0 * math.pi / 8.0)
res = epr.measure()
bob_host.send_classical(referee_id, str(res))
|
For this example, because we are using rotation operators, we need to change the system backend to one that supports such operations. QuNetSim supports, at the moment, three backends for qubits, namely, SimulaQron, ProjectQ, and a qubit simulator that we’ve developed called ESQN. ProjectQ and EQSN both support rotation operators and so we use either of those here. The full example is below, with the backends imported and set.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 | import math
import random
from qunetsim.components import Host
from qunetsim.components import Network
from qunetsim.objects import Logger
# Disable QuNetSim logging
Logger.DISABLED = True
# Number of times to play the game.
PLAYS = 20
# Classical or Quantum strategy for the game
# strategy = 'CLASSICAL'
strategy = 'QUANTUM'
def alice_classical(alice_host, referee_id):
"""
Alice's classical protocol for the CHSH game.
Args:
alice_host (Host): Alice's Host object
referee_id (str): Referee's Host ID
"""
for i in range(PLAYS):
_ = alice_host.get_classical(referee_id, seq_num=i, wait=5)
alice_host.send_classical(referee_id, "0")
def alice_quantum(alice_host, referee_id, bob_id):
"""
Alice's quantum protocol for the CHSH game.
Args:
alice_host (Host): Alice's Host object
referee_id (str): Referee's Host ID
bob_id (str): Bob's Host ID (only for accessing shared EPR pairs)
"""
for i in range(PLAYS):
referee_message = alice_host.get_classical(referee_id, seq_num=i, wait=5)
x = int(referee_message.content)
epr = alice_host.get_epr(bob_id)
if x == 0:
res = epr.measure()
alice_host.send_classical(referee_id, str(res))
else:
epr.H()
res = epr.measure()
alice_host.send_classical(referee_id, str(res))
def bob_classical(bob_host, referee_id):
"""
Bob's classical protocol for the CHSH game.
Args:
bob_host (Host): Bob's Host object
referee_id (str): Referee's Host ID
"""
for i in range(PLAYS):
_ = bob_host.get_classical(referee_id, seq_num=i, wait=5)
bob_host.send_classical(referee_id, "0")
def bob_quantum(bob_host, referee_id, alice_id):
"""
Bob's quantum protocol for the CHSH game.
Args:
bob_host (Host): Bob's Host object
referee_id (str): Referee's Host ID
alice_id (str): Alice's Host ID (only for accessing shared EPR pairs)
"""
for i in range(PLAYS):
referee_message = bob_host.get_classical(referee_id, seq_num=i, wait=5)
y = int(referee_message.content)
epr = bob_host.get_epr(alice_id)
if y == 0:
epr.ry(-2.0 * math.pi / 8.0)
res = epr.measure()
bob_host.send_classical(referee_id, str(res))
else:
epr.ry(2.0 * math.pi / 8.0)
res = epr.measure()
bob_host.send_classical(referee_id, str(res))
def referee(ref, alice_id, bob_id):
"""
Referee protocol for CHSH game.
Args:
ref (Host): Referee host object
alice_id (str): Alice's host ID
bob_id (str): Bob's host ID
"""
wins = 0
for i in range(PLAYS):
x = random.choice([0, 1])
ref.send_classical(alice_id, str(x))
y = random.choice([0, 1])
ref.send_classical(bob_id, str(y))
alice_response = ref.get_classical(alice_id, seq_num=i, wait=5)
bob_response = ref.get_classical(bob_id, seq_num=i, wait=5)
a = int(alice_response.content)
b = int(bob_response.content)
print('X, Y, A, B --- %d, %d, %d, %d' % (x, y, a, b))
if x & y == a ^ b:
print('Winners!')
wins += 1
else:
print('Losers!')
print("Win ratio: %.2f" % (100. * wins / PLAYS))
def main():
network = Network.get_instance()
network.start()
host_A = Host('A')
host_A.add_c_connection('C')
host_A.start()
host_B = Host('B')
host_B.add_c_connection('C')
host_B.start()
host_C = Host('C')
host_C.add_c_connection('A')
host_C.add_c_connection('B')
host_C.start()
network.add_host(host_C)
# For entanglement generation
host_A.add_connection('B')
host_B.add_connection('A')
network.add_host(host_A)
network.add_host(host_B)
if strategy == 'QUANTUM':
print('Generating initial entanglement')
for i in range(PLAYS):
host_A.send_epr('B', await_ack=True)
print('Done generating initial entanglement')
# Remove the connection from Alice and Bob
host_A.remove_connection('B')
host_B.remove_connection('A')
network.update_host(host_A)
network.update_host(host_B)
print('Starting game. Strategy: %s' % strategy)
# Play the game classically
if strategy == 'CLASSICAL':
host_A.run_protocol(alice_classical, (host_C.host_id,))
host_B.run_protocol(bob_classical, (host_C.host_id,), )
# Play the game quantumly
if strategy == 'QUANTUM':
host_A.run_protocol(alice_quantum, (host_C.host_id, host_B.host_id))
host_B.run_protocol(bob_quantum, (host_C.host_id, host_A.host_id))
host_C.run_protocol(referee, (host_A.host_id, host_B.host_id), blocking=True)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
|


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All Centres
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Upcoming Events
Dress for Success and Diversity Fashion Show
Venue:
ANZ Viaduct Events Centre
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5th December, 2017 7:00pm - 9:00pm
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Venue:
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NetBeans provides a number of custom components, such as the tabbed containers in its main window; other components may look for custom colors - for example, the property sheet will look for a custom color in UIDefaults to use for its margin and the background color of property set entries, in order that it may be customized to match the UI specification for different platforms/look and feels.
This library centralizes the installation and setup of such custom values. It also:
org.netbeans.swing.plaf.Startup.run()
early in its startup
sequence, as org.netbeans.core.Main
does.
A look and feel or application author who wishes to provide custom values for some thing can provide
an implementation of org.netbeans.swing.plaf.LFCustoms
, and place it in UIManager under
a key which contains the unique ID of the look and feel. See the documentation for LFCustoms for further
details of how to do this.
Another option is simply to provide values for the (quite self-explanatory) keys defined as static fields of the LFCustoms class. The advantage to providing an implementation of LFCustoms is simply that those values would not be loaded unless requested; either approach is equivalent.
Also, if a look and feel is designed to be an improvement on an existing platform-specific look and feel (such as JGoodies for Windows or QuaQua for Apple), it may simply provide the appropriate existing LFCustoms subclass name in UIDefaults, in accordance with the following:
| Look and feel | UIManager key | Class name |
|---|---|---|
| Metal look and feel | Nb.MetalLFCustoms | org.netbeans.swing.plaf.metal.MetalLFCustoms |
| Windows classic look and feel | Nb.WindowsLFCustoms | org.netbeans.swing.plaf.winclassic.WindowsLFCustoms |
| Windows XP look and feel | Nb.WindowsXPLFCustoms | org.netbeans.swing.plaf.winxp.XPLFCustoms |
| Aqua look and feel (Mac) | Nb.AquaLFCustoms | org.netbeans.swing.plaf.aqua.AquaLFCustoms |
| GTK Look and Feel (Linux & Solaris) - JDK 1.5 and up | Nb.GTKLFCustoms | org.netbeans.swing.plaf.gtk.GtkLFCustoms |


{% extends "wrapper.html" %} {% block title %}404 Not found{% endblock %} {% block content %}
The page you were looking for was not found


|
Open Authenticator component
1.0
ESP-IDF component for peripherals on Open Authenticator board
|
#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
#include "driver/gpio.h"
#include "esp_log.h"
#include "esp_err.h"
#include "oa_pin_defs.h"
Go to the source code of this file.
Functions | |
| esp_err_t | init_switches () |
| Enables tactile switches on the sra board, sets up required gpio's in input pull-up mode. More... | |
| int | read_switch (int switch_id) |
| Reads the state of one of the four switches on sra board. More... | |
| esp_err_t init_switches | ( | ) |
Enables tactile switches on the sra board, sets up required gpio's in input pull-up mode.
| int read_switch | ( | int | switch_id | ) |
Reads the state of one of the four switches on sra board.
| switch_id | id of the switch which needs to be read, we can pass the following macros: SWITCH_UP, SWITCH_DOWN, SWITCH_SELECT |


% layout('getx_layout_en.html') -%>
1.What is Inschain mutual aid platform?
Inschain mutual aid project, is a world-class open, transparent and risk preventable mutual network assistance platform, operating by Inschain
2.What is the reasons for set up a mutual aid platform?
In daily life , accidents, health, account security, family responsibilities, etc., all kinds of risks seem to be far away from us. In fact, such accidents have frequently occurred around us. We have witnessed the huge impact of these incidents on families again and again. We have been thinking about whether there is a third model beyond commercial insurance and public welfare – both to provide risk protection and care for others? We researched deeply into the origin of insurance—mutual aid, and demonstrated the mutual aid model based on blockchain technology will be strongly benefits members and shine again. So, we created "Inschain mutual aid project" ,which perfectly combines protection and care and truly realizes the relationship between contribution and deserve; love and care.
3.How to ensure there is no violate of national laws and regulation in the operation?
At the setting up stage, we had thorough discussion with the lawyer about the legality, and it can be concluded that the operation model is strictly obeying regulation and national law.
4.Will the mutual aid platform achieve a long-term vitality?
Inschain is the operator of mutual aid platform, with a strong strength and has a strong financial foundation for operation and maintenance. We believe that as more and more people understand the nature of the mutual aid platform and the shortcomings this bidirectional charity model can solving; that existing in various social insurance, commercial insurance, and charity organizations, more and more people will join the platform and getting help from it. Thus, we strongly believe that will have a long-term vitality.
5.How to ensure transparency in the operation of Inschain mutual aid platform?
-The operation and management of the Inschain mutual aid platform are under the supervision of all members. In addition to the daily and timely announcement, we will form supervision committee from the member to audit and review the platform
-The Inschain mutual aid platform will hire a well-known insurance assessment company as an independent investigation agency to investigate the truthfulness of mutual aid incidents. At the same time, the external experts examined whether mutual aid incidents met the conditions for mutual assistance.
6.Will there be certification once become a member?
Inschain mutual aid is an online platform. Whether it is a registered member or a mutual-participated member, the detail information will be presented and stored on-line on the official website personal tab, and no additional paper certificates will be issued. If personal information such as identity information, e-mail address, mailing address, zip code, and contact telephone number had been changed, member can modify the information in their personal tab or send an e-mail to the customer service.
7.How mutual aid platform protect user privacy?
Inschain mutual aid platform promises to perform reasonable obligations to keep members' private information. At the same time, through the form of membership conventions, all members are bound to protect the privacy of other members, especially those who apply for mutual assistance. The personal information of other members must not be disclose in all circumstances.
8.What are conditions to participate in mutual aid platform?
As long as you possess full civil rights ability and civil behavior ability, you can become a registered member of the mutual aid platform. If you want to participate in the mutual aid project, you must further meet the conditions for joining.
9.How to participate in the mutual aid platform?
If you meet the conditions for joining, you can register as a member of our official website, and follow the procedures outlined below to participate in the mutual aid project:
1. Click the mutual help homepage
2. Click the ‘Joining now’ button on the mutual aid details page
3. Filling in the registration form and agree with the product disclosed rules
4. Ensure all the details had been filling out correctly and process to the payment stage
5. Once the payment had been success, then welcome to our mutual aid project, you can now enjoy all the member benefits and following member obligation
10.After joining, can I freely withdraw from the Mutual aid Platform?
The Inschain mutual aid is an open platform. You can join at any time and you can freely exit under the conditions. However, if you violate national laws and regulations, policies, or publish on the platform fraudulent, illegal, pornographic, obscene, violent, offensive or insulting remarks, the mutual aid platform has the right to stop providing services for you.
11.can I freely withdraw from the Mutual aid Platform?
A mutual aid member may voluntarily apply for a withdrawal from the mutual aid platform. However, after exiting, you do not have the right to request mutual assistance from the platform or other members in any future accident events.
12.I applied to join the mutual aid program and found out that I did not meet the conditions for joining. What should I do?
We will remind members to read and understand the terms and condition of joining in steps of the registration where it is possible to be set reminders. Please read carefully before joining members. If you find that you do not meet the conditions after joining, please contact the platform customer service to discuss the issues. Once it had been confirmed that you do not meet the conditions, you can exit out of the program. The love you have already dedicate will be recorded in your merit book. Show your kindness. However, you give up the obligation to deserve any help from the mutual aid platform or member in future accidents; please understand.
13.Why should the real-name system be adopted in mutual aid?
In order to confirm that the members who apply for mutual aid in the future are those who originally joined the plan and have been performing mutual assistance obligations, the platform requires the real names of mutual aid members.
14.What if there are mistakes in my real name information?
Personal identification information such as your name and ID number provided when you registered cannot be modified on your own as soon as it is submitted. If there is indeed an error, please contact the platform customer service, and provide evidence to apply for background modification as required. Other information you can modify at your own personal center.
15.What are the reasons for listing the exclusion of protection? How to verify these situations?
The essence of Inschain mutual aid is the mutual commitment promised by all mutual aid members for uncertain future risks. The premise of achieving fairness is that the probability that mutual aid members face potential risks is about the same. If people suffering from cancer, major diseases, high-risk occupations are equally protected, the rules are unfair to other members.
The Inschain mutual aid platform cannot verify the physical condition of the members beforehand. Therefore, the platform requires members to truthfully inform the plan before joining the plan and set up reasonable cases of exclusion. After the incident occurs, the platform must confirm that the incident actually happened and exclude the situation mentions in the product rules before initiating mutual assistance.
16.What is the process of Inschain mutual aid?
The process of mutual aid planning is as follows: 1. Log in→2. Browse the product introduction→ 3. Fill in the personal information and apply to join→4. Pay→5. Become a member and enter into waiting period→6. If an unfortunate event occurs after the waiting period, please submit mutual assistance claim application→7. Acceptance of donations after the survey→8. IF there is an insufficient balance of contributions, a recharge is a must otherwise forcefully withdraw from the plan.
17.How to prevent members from defrauding mutual aid payments?
A mutual aid member may voluntarily apply for a withdrawal plan from the Mutual Guarantee Platform. However, after exiting, you do not have the right to request the Mutual Assistance Platform or other members to initiate mutual assistance for you in the event of a mutual aid event in the future.
The reason for the introduction of independent third-party assessment agencies and expert committees in the Inschain Mutual aid Platform is to maximize the veracity of mutual aid incidents. The assessment agency will have a complete and rigorous survey plan, and experts can judge the incident from their professional perspective. We will make announcements about each stage in the mutual find distribution process, so that each member can play a supervisory role. In the event that fraudulent activity is discovered after the mutual fund transfer, the platform will take the obligation to recover the money.