This course focuses on computational skills for processing data using programming language Python and UNIX environment. No prior programming experience is required, but some basic computer skills will be useful.
With the advancement of high throughput data generation methods, a major challenge that graduate students in life sciences have to face today is to analyze large amount of biological data. The objective of this course is to provide an opportunity for graduate students with no computer science background to learn the basic skills of handling high throughput biological data. It covers the Linux/Unix environment and the importance of the command line interface; the Python programming language; program design, implementation, and testing; BioPython; Strategies for analyzing genome resequencing, RNASeq, sequencing data. Students build hands-on skills by analyzing real high throughput biological data through homework assignments and team projects.
Units: 3
Instructor: Jason Stajich<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Time and location: W 2:10-4:00PM, F 2:10-3:00PM, ULB104
Office Hours: By Appointment, 1207K Genomics
None of these texts are required for completion of the course but they will provide a great deal of helpful background and examples that will improve your ability to master UNIX or Programming in Python.
Bioinformatics Data Skills: Reproducible and Robust Research with Open Source Tools. Vince Buffalo. 2015 O’Reilly & Associates. Available from O’Reilly and Associates, Amazon
Unix and Perl to the Rescue: A Primer. Keith Bradnam and Ian Korf. Unix and Perl Primer for Biologists
Unix and Perl to the rescue! Bradnam and Korf. Amazon
Rosalind - An online platform to learn bioinformatics and programming in Python.
Software Carpentry - https://software-carpentry.org/ and Data Carpentry - http://www.datacarpentry.org/.
Berk Ekmekci, Charles E. McAnany, Cameron Mura. An Introduction to Programming for Bioscientists: A Python-Based Primer. PLoS Comp Bio. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004867
Programming Homework assignments (5 in total): 50%
Team project: 50%
There will be a programming assignment every two weeks. Programming assignments must be prepared along with any necessary input files or documentation to demonstrate program usage.
Code should be runnable as turned in. You will deposit your code in your github repository or if not possible, by iLearn. You can make one private personal repository to deposit and should organize a folder for each homework assignment (e.g. hw1, hw2, hw3).
Homework is due BEFORE class on the Wednesdays it is due. The next homework will be posted on Friday at latest.
Topics to be selected from a set of choices or the team’s choosing (with approval from instructor). Selection of topics will occur by end of October.
Project teams will be 2-3 individuals working together.
A presentation will be made by each team - last day(s) of class.
A final report with the details will be turned in by the group.
The report needs to detail what each person’s contribution is to the project.
| Date | Day | Lecture Topic | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sep-29 | F | Course Outline / UNIX I: Introduction | |
| Oct-4 | W | UNIX II: Running programs, capturing output | |
| Oct-6 | F | UNIX III: Tools for data processing | |
| Oct-11 | W | Logging into Biocluster. Running Jobs | Guest Lecture: Charles Forsyth Lecturer |
| Oct-13 | F | Python 1 - Variables, running, cmdline, strings, math | |
| Oct-18 | W | Python 2 - Logic, loops, lists, iterator | Guest Lecture: TBD |
| Oct-20 | F | Python 3 - I/O reading/writing files, directories | |
| Oct-25 | W | Python 4 - Dictionaries, Arrays, functions | |
| Oct-27 | F | Python 5 - Libraries, packages, BioPython | |
| Nov-1 | W | Python 6 - Structured data (CSV, XML, GFF, BED) | |
| Nov-3 | F | Data Plotting and R graphics | |
| Nov-8 | W | Bioinformatics 1 - BLAST, cmdline & automation | |
| Nov-10 | F | Veteran’s Day Holiday: No class | |
| Nov-15 | W | Bioinformatics 2 - short reads, alignment, stats, SNPs | |
| Nov-17 | F | Bioinformatics 3 - Genome Assembly | |
| Nov-22 | W | Project Workshop / No class? | |
| Nov-24 | F | Thanksgiving Holiday - No class | |
| Nov-29 | W | Bioinformatics 4 - Orthologs and Domain finding | |
| Dec-1 | F | Bioinformatics 5 - Phylogenetics | |
| Dec-6 | W | Bioinformatics 6 - SNP and variant discovery | Guest Lecture: Daniel Koening |
| Dec-8 | F | Presentations | |
| Exam week | TBD | Additional presentations TBD |


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The info windows are the repository of all of Mactracker's information. They do, of course, vary in configuration based on what model you are looking at.
Choose a category from the main window.
Locate the model you wish to view in the list on the right.
Double-click to view the model's technical specifications.
Use the info window tabs to view the various specifications.
Clicking on the model's icon will play the startup chime. Holding down the option key when you click on the model's icon will play the death chime.
Click on the Processor Speed to gauge the real-world performance with scores courtesy of Primate Labs Geekbench. The included results reflect an average of the user submitted benchmarks for the particular model.
Initial Price can show the model's original price in Australian dollars, Canadian dollars, euros, Hong Kong dollars, Japanese yen, New Zealand dollars, Norwegian krone, pounds sterling, Renminbi, Swedish kronor, Swiss francs and United States dollars. Choose your preferred currency in Preferences.
Current Price can show the model's current estimated value in euros, pounds sterling, or United States dollars. Current Price is determined by analyzing eBay auctions over the last 6 months.
The Notes tab allows you to add your own comments as well as links to Internet addresses, files, and folders that relate to the selected model.


penalized: L1 (Lasso and Fused Lasso) and L2 (Ridge) Penalized Estimation
in GLMs and in the Cox Model
Fitting possibly high dimensional penalized
regression models. The penalty structure can be any combination
of an L1 penalty (lasso and fused lasso), an L2 penalty (ridge) and a
positivity constraint on the regression coefficients. The
supported regression models are linear, logistic and Poisson
regression and the Cox Proportional Hazards model.
Cross-validation routines allow optimization of the tuning
parameters.
Downloads:
Reverse dependencies:
| Reverse depends: |
DIFtree, lmmlasso, multiPIM, ROC632, structree, subtype, uplift |
| Reverse imports: |
apricom, DIFboost, DIFlasso, gpDDE, hdnom, mispr, mvdalab, pensim |
| Reverse suggests: |
catdata, confSAM, fscaret, lda, mlr, MWLasso, ordinalNet, peperr, riskRegression |
Linking:
Please use the canonical form
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=penalized
to link to this page.


Nelson Apartments
Bandra,West,Mumbai-36
Rs. 1,50,000/-
Finished Baths
Spacious Bedrooms
Luxuries Livings
Ample Parking Space
Play Area
Tennis Court
Palladium Homes
Bandra,West,Mumbai-36
Rs. 1,00,000/-
Finished Baths
Spacious Bedrooms
Luxuries Livings
Palladium Homes
Bandra,West,Mumbai-36
Rs. 1,00,000/-
Finished Baths
Spacious Bedrooms
Luxuries Livings
Palladium Homes
Bandra,West,Mumbai-36
Rs. 1,00,000/-
Finished Baths
Spacious Bedrooms
Luxuries Livings
Palladium Homes
Bandra,West,Mumbai-36
Rs. 1,00,000/-
Finished Baths
Spacious Bedrooms
Luxuries Livings


Gateway
BOT
13-Aug-19 05:56 PM
[dscrd-hush] <AkiraX> How do I use it
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Basically, you run a program on your computer, then go to http://localhost:XXXX in your browser and you have a GUI wallet
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> and you don't need to download the blockchain
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> only a tiny part of it
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> just got it working today, documentation is still incoming
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> There will be binaries to download
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> and then you use your browser
[dscrd-hush] <siaynoq> Would it be possible to have the encrypted message breakdown over a certain period of time? Maybe even set by the sender?
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @siaynoq great question and even better username
[dscrd-hush] <siaynoq>
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> For deep reasons, the answer is No. The number 1 reason is: taking a screenshot
[dscrd-hush] <AkiraX> What do you mean by break down over time?
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> And receiver gets plaintext, who can copy it to a text file or paste into an email
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> They mean "disappearing messages"
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> self-destructing information
[dscrd-hush] <siaynoq> or encrypt it there?
[dscrd-hush] <AkiraX> Maybe cryptoconditions?
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @siaynoq it's highly encouraged to encrypt your memo field, for any vaguely sensitive data
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> which means the person receiving needs additional info to decrypt, but still doesn't self-destruct it
[dscrd-hush] <siaynoq> nice. just to make that user friendly is the hard part haha
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> The memo field is already encrypted, but that is just on the blockchain. When it hits your receivers wallet, they can do what they want with the plaintext
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> So it's like asking "Can I make an disappearing PGP-signed email?" and the reason, for deep reasons, is "No"
[dscrd-hush] <siaynoq> got it. Just trying to brainstorm the easiest way for common users to achieve that within the wallet
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @siaynoq what say the Fish Speakers?
[dscrd-hush] <siaynoq> #metoo?
[dscrd-hush] <siaynoq> lol
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @siaynoq also, SilentDragon will support additional encryption of memo fields
[dscrd-hush] <siaynoq> NICE
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> such as "encrypt the memo field with this password"
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> and then the receiver needs the password to decrypt
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> it also means, you need a secure way to send that password to them
[dscrd-hush] <siaynoq> PERFECT.
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> So it solves some problems while making others
[dscrd-hush] <siaynoq> I like that meaning described as "giving honor to those that speak with sincerity"
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> You can also use memo fields to send passwords to future memo fields :exploding_ping:
[dscrd-hush] <siaynoq> super sweetness.
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Such as "I will send you half the password to zadd1 and half to zaddr2 and let's hope nobody has backdoored both different wallets that store those addresses!"
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> and various other complex schemes
[dscrd-hush] <siaynoq> Exactly, HUSH could be a business standard in sensitive information xfer.
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> I would be surprised if some 3 letter agencies were not actively researching HUSH and every related chain
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> For use in their own nefarious purposes, and also to study via OSINT
[dscrd-hush] <siaynoq> Well, it is decentralized lol
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Without the US Navy, Tor would not exist. Thanks Uncle Sam!
[dscrd-hush] <siaynoq> Yeah, the deep stuff that goes on is pretty nuts
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> I respect my elders and also, trust is earned not given, in my world.
[dscrd-hush] <siaynoq> Actions.
[dscrd-hush] <siaynoq> Not words.
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> DARPA is funding zk-snarks research, so it's pretty much a fact
[dscrd-hush] <siaynoq> yikes.
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> It would be crazy of them to fund all this zk-snark research without studying what currently exists, i.e. "prior art"
A press release published by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) on July 18th, 2019, solicits help from researchers in Zero-Knowledge Proofs
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Can you imagine them not studying HUSH?
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Of course they are
[dscrd-hush] <siaynoq> Probably to find/make some kind of back door BS. lol
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Well, not exactly. They want their own
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Imagine a HUSH blockchain, but only for DoD employees
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> That is what they want
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Now imagine, 1000 of those blockchain, each for a different project
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> That is what they want


There are no files in the experiment. To add files to the experiment choose processes in the workflow and add files to them.


| Colour Hash |
This puzzle consists of two wheels. Both wheels can rotate both clock and counter-clockwise. They contain 21 coloured pieces, 10 of which are rounded triangles and 11 of which are separators. Figure 1 shows the final position of each one of the pieces. Note that to perform a one step rotation you must turn the wheel until you have advanced a triangle and a separator.
Figure 1. Final puzzle configuration
Your job is to write a program that reads the puzzle configuration and prints the minimum sequence of movements required to reach the final position. We will use the following integer values to encode each type of piece:
| 0 | grey separator |
| 1 | yellow triangle |
| 2 | yellow separator |
| 3 | cyan triangle |
| 4 | cyan separator |
| 5 | violet triangle |
| 6 | violet separator |
| 7 | green triangle |
| 8 | green separator |
| 9 | red triangle |
| 10 | red separator |
A puzzle configuration will be described using 24 integers, the first 12 to describe the left
wheel configuration and the last 12 for the right wheel. The first integer
represents the bottom right separator of the left wheel and the next eleven
integers describe the left wheel clockwise. The thirteenth integer represents
the bottom left separator of right wheel and the next eleven integers describe
the right wheel counter-clockwise.
The final position is therefore encoded like:
If for instance we rotate the left wheel clockwise one position from the final configuration (as shown in Figure 2) the puzzle configuration would be encoded like:
Figure 2. The puzzle after rotating the left wheel on step clockwise from the final configuration.
Input for your program consists of several puzzles. The first line of the input will contain an integer n specifying the number of puzzles. There will then be n lines each containing 24 integers separated with one white space, describing the initial puzzle configuration as explained above.
For each configuration your program should output one line with just one number representing the solution. Each movement is encoded using one digit from 1 to 4 in the following way:
| 1 | Left Wheel Clockwise rotation |
| 2 | Right Wheel Clockwise rotation |
| 3 | Left Wheel Counter-Clockwise rotation |
| 4 | Right Wheel Counter-Clockwise rotation |
No space should be printed between each digit. Since multiple solutions could be found, you
should print the solution that is encoded as the smallest number. The
solution will never require more than 16 movements.
If no solution is found you should print ``NO SOLUTION WAS FOUND IN 16 STEPS". If you are given the final position you should print ``PUZZLE ALREADY SOLVED".
3 0 3 4 3 0 5 6 5 0 1 2 1 0 7 8 7 0 9 10 9 0 1 2 1 0 3 4 5 0 3 6 5 0 1 2 1 0 7 8 7 0 9 10 9 0 1 2 1 0 9 4 3 0 5 6 5 0 1 2 1 0 7 8 7 0 9 10 3 0 1 2 1
PUZZLE ALREADY SOLVED<PHONE_NUMBER>332323 NO SOLUTION WAS FOUND IN 16 STEPS


Proportion of patients on antibiotics pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (pre-COVID-19) (blue line) and during COVID-19 (orange line). On average, approximately 48% of hospitalized patients were on antibiotics in 2019. Between January and March 2020 (during the COVID-19 pandemic), antibiotic use was proportionately higher.


Arguments are accessed via the positional parameters $1
, $2
, £3
etc. For example
# printer.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo "Parameter one: $1"
echo "Parameter two: $2"
results in
$ ./printer.sh foo bar
Parameter one: foo
Parameter two: bar
when executed.
There are also special positional parameters. Some examples include:
$#
- the number of positional parameters$@
- an array of all positional parameters$-
- current shell optionsFor a handy list of variables see [1]. For a more exhaustive list see [2]. A list with example outputs can be found here [3].


Fortunately, this request will not be executed by modern web browsers thanks to same-origin policy restrictions. This restriction is enabled by default unless the target web site explicitly opens up cross-origin requests from the attacker's (or everyone's) origin by using CORS with the following header:
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Browser console will throw an error:
Failed to load http://localhost:4000/transfer: Response to preflight request doesn't pass access control check: No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource. Origin 'http://<IP_ADDRESS>:8080' is therefore not allowed access.
So, you must be careful to enable CORS and add trusted domain to whilelist


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
The page you were trying to access is not here.
Here are some recommended fixes:


Multi Valued input allows you to add and remove tags. If the input field is a search box then you can search for the tags already available that you can add.
Person One
Person With a Really Long Name
Another Person
untitled_folder
lucky_folder_that_got_named
Search Result 1
Search Result 2
Search Result 3
Search Result 4
Search Result 5
Person One
Person With a Really Long Name
Another Person
untitled_folder
lucky_folder_that_got_named


- Tell your non-tech friend a story about a time you got blocked on a simple problem.
Where do I start? Getting stuck on the "Manipulating Objects" Javascript kata was one. I couldn't, for the life of me, find what was wrong with my code because it wouldn't run. Turned out, my other window was blocking the view, and I needed to place a comma where the window blocked my view.... It worked.
- Tell your non-tech friend a story about a time you solved a problem in an elegant way.
Hasn't happened... yet. (Or not that I can recall right now)
>- In both cases:
- What was the problem?
The problem was my panicked state, consuming my brain power and lessening my thinking abilities.
- What problem solving techniques did you use?
Google, getting up to get some fresh air, and coming back to the problem. Asking peers helped, too.
- How did you feel throughout the process?
Initial annoyance, panic, frustration, then finally, resolve or fed up enough to want to resolve things. Or I calm myself down enough to go through the steps one by one again.
- What did you learn?
Being stressed is a constant state for me and I need to find a way to manage it. Because when I'm less stressed, I'm more able to solve a problem that may otherwise frustrate me.
- Reflect on how confident you feel using the problem solving techniques and process:
- Pseudocode
Have not tried it
- Trying something
Many times, often times things don't work, but everytime I learn something new.
- Rubber ducky method
Have not tried it but maybe it will help me quite a bit, as going back to step-by-step methods have helped me in the past
- Reading error messages
I'd like to be more proficient, it has helped me, but when I'm stressed, I can't discern the solutions as well as I can be.
- Console.logging
Still needs more work
- Googling
Fairly confident
- Asking your peers for help
Very confident
- Asking coaches for help
I'd only ask if it's a problem I can't solve and been stuck for a while
- Improving your process with reflection
Confident but needs more practice. Step-by-step formulas seem to work with my problem-solving style (when my mind isn't all over the place).


Data Source Task
The data source selector task displays an Data tab with a dataset selector and a required variable selector. When a dataset and variable are selected global macro variables are created and set:
- dataset - the name of the dataset selected
- saslibrary - the SAS library name
- sastable - the name of the table selected
- var - the variable selected
An example of the generated code is:
%global DATASET;
%global SASLIBRARY;
%put DATASET=SASHELP.CARS;
%put SASLIBRARY=SASHELP;
%put SASTABLE=CARS;
%put VAR=EngineSize;


{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block content %}
Welcome to the Browse page. Here you may peruse our movie database and rate movies that you have watched. The slider operates on a 0.5 - 5.0 point scale with 0.5 steps. The further to the right, the closer to a score of 5. Please make sure to press submit once you are happy with the score you have selected for the given film. Enjoy!
| Movie Title | Rating |
|---|---|
| {{movie.title}} |


Maksim Pegov
Junior web developer
Learn more about me
Hello. I'm the best of the best!
My skills
These are the things that I like to do
JavaScript
HTML/CSS
Kite Surfing
Ice-skate
Contact me on
Facebook (
Link
)


Login Form
Select a time:
-
Select a machine:
3D Printers
Yellow 3D Printer
white 3D Printer
Magenta 3D Printer
Blue 3D Printer
Green 3D Printer
Sewing Machine
Laser Cutter
Vinyl Cutter
Desktop Mill
Electronics Workstation


Street Lane Practice
12 Devonshire Avenue, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS8 1AY
View on a map and get directionsCall 0113 2371128
- Reception will open at 8am tomorrow
- Call 111 for urgent care
Reception is closed now
You may be able to get help at a Pharmacy or Walk in centre.
View local Pharmacies and Walk in Centres
View all opening times
Registering as a new patient
- We are currently accepting new patients
Order a repeat prescription
You can order a repeat prescription online if you are registered
You can also set up a repeat prescription with a pharmacy
Order a repeat prescriptionBook a GP appointment
You can book an appointment with a GP online
Book a GP appointmentBook other services offered at the practice
If you have booked an appointment you can prepare by reading about your symptoms or condition
Other local health services
If you can't get an appointment immediately, you may be able to get help at a Pharmacy or Walk in centre.
View local Pharmacies and Walk in Centres- Remember Street Lane Practice as your local GP


Sahi Pro - What is new in Sahi Pro v5.1.0
abstract
Sahi Pro v5.1.0 is a major release and contains many new features and bug fixes.
Key features
Internet Explorer 11 Support
Sahi Pro V5.1.0 adds support for the latest IE 11 browser.CORS support
Most browsers have implemented/upgraded their CORS support/implementation.Sahi Pro has updated its CORS support to handle HTML5 websites with cross domain AJAX requests.
Specifically, Access-Control-Allow-Origin errors that used to happen with older versions of Sahi Pro have been fixed.
Data Driven Suites
Say Hello to the next generation suite!Data Driven suites (.dd.csv) can be used to run scripts, suites, and other
data driven suite files, pass data, tag individual scripts/suites and run them
selectively. You can now data drive multiple scripts simultaneously.
More Details
Brand new documentation
Sahi's documentation has been rewritten. APIs have been covered extensively.Documentation is now available locally as part of the installation.
It can be accessed by clicking the "Docs" link on Sahi Dashboard.
Scenario Editor for Excel Framework
Sahi's Excel Framework allows business users and subject matter experts to writetest scripts in the language of the business and hide away implementation details.
The Scenario Editor takes it a step further by providing a web interface to manage such files.
It provides autocompletion of function definitions and highlights errors.
Sahi as a Documentation Tool
Sahi Pro can be used to create simple documentation with screenshots.Manual testers can use this as a tool to create a knowledge base for other manual or automation testers.
The recorded document contains the script, plus screenshots. It can be run as a normal sahi script too, thus helping automation testers
quickly see what needs to be done. Details
Script specific object repository files
Object Repository files can be configured for individual scripts from the Controller during recording.Upgrading Sahi becomes easier
Sahi Pro's Installer can now upgrade installed Sahi to a newer version.During an upgrade, the userdata folder is not overwritten, thus preserving user scripts and settings.
Details
Multiple browser sessions in single script
Sahi Pro can launch multiple browsers in the same session when needed._launchNewBrowser launches a new browser instance. The new instance does not share cookies with the base browser.
This allows testing functionality like chat where 2 simultaneous users need to be logged in into the system.
Once launched, steps can be directed to different browser instances via _selectBrowser.
REST APIs for WebServices
With these APIs you can access WebServices easily, instead of using Java code.More details are available here. FAQ is available here
Email notification on Suite execution
Emails can be sent on completion of suite. Testrunner, drun and ant can be configured to send an email containing the playback reports on finishing execution. DetailsLots of optimizations
Database connection pools, thread pools, better memory management etc. have been added to make Sahi Pro lean, fast and stable.If you use mysql or mssql as the reporting database, performance improvements can be significant.
New APIs
- _getWindows: Lists open windows
- _selectTextRange: Allows selecting of text
- _selectRange: Allows selecting of text
- _embed: Identifies embed tag element
- _pause: Pauses script for debugging
- _launchNewBrowser: Launches new browser without sharing cookies
- _font: Identifies font tag element
- _lock: Acquire a lock to synchronize scripts, for example when taking screenshots from scripts running in parallel
- _unlock: Release lock while synchronizing scripts
- _copyFile: Copy file
- _stop: Force stopping a script
- _mapDomainToIP: Map domain to IPs
- _getSelectionText: Get selected text
- _collectAttributes: Collect attribute from similar elements
- _trim: Trim string
- _setAccessorIgnoreCase: Ignore case when matching accessor attributes
Other features
- Sahi now integrates with Robot Framework.
- Sahi now integrates with Microsoft Test Manager(MTM).
- Ruby Docs updated.
- Added ability to change controller mode from Info tab in the controller.
- Added Anchor button on ruby and java controller.
- Added "Compare logs" button that compares the logs of 2 script files.
- Added support to identify elements using multiple attributes in Sahi Ruby driver.
- Added advice on _setXHRReadyStatesToWaitFor on clicking the "Diagnose" link in the Record tab of the controller.
- Fourth argument to specify encoding added to _writeToFile API.
- _expectConfirm and _expectPrompt APIs can accept regular expression.
- _rightOf, _leftOf and _under APIs upgraded to accept bounds in flex.
- Added bat file
to clear IE History. The ant target for clearing IE history has been defined in/userdata/bin/clear-ie-history.bat
. The target name is "clear-ie"./demo.xml - lock, unlock, selectRange, selectTextRange, hr, font, collect APIs added to Sahi Java driver to reflect _lock, _unlock _selectRange, _selectTextRange, _hr, _font, _collect APIs respectively.
- select_text_range, select_range, selection_text, left_of, right_of, left_or_right_of, above, under, above_or_under, collect APIs added to ruby driver to reflect _selectTextRange, _selectRange, _getSelectionText, _leftOf, _rightOf, _leftOrRightOf, _above, _under, _aboveOrUnder and _collect APIs.
- Sahi identifies elements through its label. If the HTMLFor property is specified for the label or if the element is the child of the label, Sahi identifies the element based on the label's name also.
- Ability to add bounds added to _leftOf, _rightOf, _leftOrRightOf APIs.
- Added third paramter for _expectConfirm API. It defines the scope of the _expect confirm statement
- When scripts fail in a suite
filename.suite
, a file calledfilename_failed.suite
is automatically created with failed scripts.
Previously, one had to specify the failed suite name. This caused problems in filepaths during distributed runs.
We have now removed the olderfailedScriptsSuite
parameter from drun, testrunner and ant.
A new parameteroriginalSuitePath
is added that specifies the original suite path.
originalSuitePath
is used by Sahi to generate the failed suite (after adding_failed
to the filename).
warning You may need to change your existing ant targets to reflect this. Have a look at playback on desktop and jenkins-sample.xml for usage.
-
Added executeSahi API for Sahi Java driver and execute_sahi API for Sahi Ruby driver. Statements in Sahi script can be executed using this API. eg.
b.executeSahi("_click(_button(\"button1\")"); // Sahi Java Driver
@b.execute_sahi("_click(_button('button1')"); // Sahi Ruby Driver
Use this in place of b.execute and @b.execute_step since you are no longer required to prefix Sahi APIs with "_sahi".
This allows you to directly copy code from the Controller (Sahi mode) and use in your scripts.
- _windowAction API now accepts width and height as additional optional parameters to resize the browser window.
- Added db connection pooling through c3p0
- Added ability to create new scenario and new script in Script Explorer (Web TestRunner)
- Added ability to show failed scripts in suite report
- Recording in Java and Ruby now append
b.
at the start of accessors.
While recording, Sahi now usesb.
instead ofbrowser.
as prefix.
(b.
saves space/characters while working on the Controller).
While using the currentSahiTestSuite.java
bothbrowser.
andb.
can be used (existing code will work with new SahiTestSuite.)
browser.
is same asb.
(browser == b)
While using the currentsahi_test.rb
bothbrowser.
andb.
can be used (existing code will work with new SahiTestSuite.)
browser.
is same asb.
(browser == b)
Bug Fixes
- Opening correct file with external script directories.
- Fixed showing title for offline script report.
- Fixed JS error in Controller during Java playback
- Fixed Controller opening in main page.
- Fixed update query in persist().
- Fixed Excel Framework reports.
- Fixed bug with Illegal characters in download file name
- _cell API fixed for spark grid.
- _cell API fixed for flex grid.
- Fixed Controller popup prefix for flex
- Fixed _setValue API compatibility with all HTML5 elements.
- Assert button of Controller fixed for applet.
- Fixed ++ and -- operators' usage in scripts.
- Fix for cookie containing comma issue.
- Bug fix for UA compatibility for IE.
- Start URL field on Sahi Start Page fixed for Enter key press.
- Fixed java and ruby mode to work for controller action with multi domain and pop-up
- Fixed _writeToCSV to append newline if already not there.
- _readCSVFile fixed for files with duplicate column header
- _takeScreenShot fixed for drun.
- Fixed _takeScreenShot on mac.
- Fixed apis _copyFile, _writeToFile and _renameFile to work with relative file path


Reims, formerly spelled Rheims is a French municipality located in the Champagne-Ardenne region, and more specifically in the department of Marne. This city, consisting of 184,984 inhabitants, called Rémois or Rémoises is the twelfth town in France in terms of population and the most populous city of the Champagne-Ardenne region city.
The city has the nickname "the city of coronations" or "City of Kings", because in fact, it is the future site of Notre Dame de Reims that Clovis was baptized by Saint Remi and were crowned a very large number kings of France for more than ten centuries from Louis the Pious in 816 to Charles X in 1825.
The lilies remind the role of Reims, "city of coronations." The foliage is a "weapon talking" symbol homonymous Reims. Above the shield is a crown like a fortification wall to evoke supported by Reims without demerit seats. In the lower part of the shield appear decorations awarded to the City: the Legion of Honor and the Croix de Guerre for the First and Second World Wars.
When Archbishop Ebbo decided to build a new cathedral in the early ninth century, used the stones of the walls (in the state of decommissioning) with the approval of King Louis the Pious, which puts the city under divine protection since walls no longer provide their defensive function, "God is in custody!"
Reims is reputed for his Champagne. Indeed, Reims is situated on the edge of Paris deep sedimentary basin. It is bordered to the south by the "Montagne de Reims", whose slopes are home to some of the best wines of the Champagne vineyards, in the north-west by Mount Saint Thierry and east by Berru Mt.
The wealth of Reims is at its heritage, it has many historical monuments and Art Deco facades. In addition, it is designated a City of Art and History and has four sites on the World Heritage List of UNESCO: Notre Dame Cathedral, the Royal Abbey of Saint Remi, the Tau Palace, the Basilica Saint Remi.
One of the historic strengths of the economy is the Reims Champagne which was invented in the seventeenth century by Dom Perignon.
The city of Reims is organized by many channels of communication and transport. Indeed, the city is located at the intersection of three highways. In addition, after a first failed project from the 1980s, the year 2011 marks the return of the Reims tramway
Its route is 11.2 km long and is dotted with 23 stations for two. The Citura network and trams are operated as part of a public-private partnership, the company Dealer Rémoise Urban Mobility (March). It is now served by TER Champagne-Ardenne and TER Picardie to some of Amiens, Cambrai, Chalons-en-Champagne, Charleville-Mézières, Chateau-Thierry, Dijon, Epernay, La Ferte-Milon stations Metz and Sedan.
The city is historically linked to sport. It was the first holy city "the most sporting town in France" by sports daily L'Equipe in 1937.
Because of its tourism potential, Reims has nearly 60 hotels and a parking area for motorhomes but also an international center for living room and home and business in the area Clairmarais, Reims therefore has advantages in order to best possible welcome tourists who wish to visit the wealth of this city.
Reims is a city in relation to many other cities in the world, because, in fact, Reims is twinned with:
- Florence since 1954
- Brazzaville since the 5th July 1961
- Cantorbéry since the 13th May 1962
- Salzbourg since 1964
- Aix-la-chapelle since 1967
- Arlington since 2004
- Kutna hora since the 23th February 2008
« Il n'est de cité que je préfère à Reims : c'est l'ornement et l'honneur de la France. »
Jean De La Fontaine


Provides classes aimed at making the process of using the client-to-client
protocols involved in sending files (via "Send File" and "Get File") and "Direct
IM" connections. Also provided are classes to aid in the use of the AOL Proxy
Server, a rather new feature of WinAIM, MacAIM, and iChat that allows two users
who are both behind a firewall to make direct connections (like for file
transfer) even though neither can accept incoming connections.


Coldplay Drop ‘Everyday Life’ Music Video That Was Filmed All Over The World
by Aynslee DarmonColdplay travelled the world for their latest music video “Everyday Life”.
The new video, for the title track on their upcoming album, was directed by Canadian Karena Evans, 23, and was filmed around the globe in locations such as the Ukraine, South Africa and Morocco. Evans is known for his work on Drake’s “Nice for What,” “God’s Plan” and “In My Feelings” videos.
“‘Ubuntu’ is a Xhosa word…It means ‘humanity,’ direct translation,” a voiceover says. “So basically, you’ll always need the next person. You know what I mean? So one hand washes the other, the one hand does need the other to clean. That is Ubuntu. To help others, your brothers, your sisters. Even when they are strangers and you don’t know them, you are supposed to help them.”
Coldplay’s double album Everyday Life is available now.


The Latest: China says Hong Kong part of it ‘no matter what’
by The Associated PressHONG KONG — The Latest on the local elections that took place amid ongoing protest movement in Hong Kong (all times local):
2 p.m.
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi says Hong Kong is a part of China no matter what happens in the semiautonomous territory.
Wang spoke Monday to reporters in Tokyo. He made the remarks in response to a question about Hong Kong’s district council elections in which the pro-democracy opposition appears to have swept to a resounding victory.
Wang said: “No matter what kind of things happen in Hong Kong, Hong Kong is a part of Chinese territory.”
He added: “Any attempts to destroy Hong Kong or harm Hong Kong’s stability and development cannot possibly succeed.”
Six months of protests have rocked the former British colony.
7:45 a.m.
The pro-democracy opposition appears to have swept to victory in Hong Kong elections, as a record turnout dealt a clear rebuke to city leader Carrie Lam and her handling of violent protests that have divided the Chinese territory.
Votes were still being counted Monday morning, but Hong Kong media tallied that the pro-democracy camp had easily won a majority in the vote for 452 district council seats.
The result will likely force the central government in Beijing to rethink how to handle the unrest, which is now in its sixth month.
The district councils have little power, but the vote became a referendum on the protests. The record 71 per cent turnout for a Hong Kong election was slowing down the vote counting.
The Associated Press


--- layout: default title: "404: Page not found" permalink: /404.html ---
Sorry, not sure how you got here but this is not what you are looking for. Maybe head back home and see where that takes you.
Also, my friend collects these kind of pages (good ones, unlike mine). Have a look: http://emmagarland.com/error-pages/
Here's one I found earlier: http://www.kathmandu.co.uk/404
If you want to submit your own, please contact myself @mozzy16 or Emma, @emmagarland.


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South Asian Games: Bala Devi brace powers India to third straight gold
by Sports DeskBy: Sports Desk | Updated: December 9, 2019 6:20:10 pm
The Indian women celebrating with the trophy. (Source: AIFF)
The Indian women’s team bagged its third consecutive gold medal at the ongoing South Asian Games after triumphing 2-0 over Nepal in the final in Pokhara, Nepal on Monday.
Bala Devi dictated the play from the start and handed her team the gold by netting a brace to ease India to a comfortable victory over the hosts. The 29-year-old Asian Footballer of the Year nominee ended as the top-scorer of the competition, netting five goals in four matches.
India went on the offensive from the very start, as the likes of Sangita Basfore and Ratanbala Devi dominated proceedings from the middle of the park. Ratanbala had the first clear-cut chance for India, as she lined up her shot off a Ranjana Chanu cross. However, her shot whizzed over the crossbar.
Goalkeeper Aditi Chauhan, who has had a fantastic tournament, not conceding a single goal in any of the five matches, turned provider when she found Bala, with a long ball upfield. The mercurial striker duly converted the chance to give India the early lead.
India had another major chance around the half-hour mark when a Ranjana corner was headed down by captain Ashalata Devi towards Sandhiya, but the latter was flagged offside.
Chauhan made a couple of impressive saves on either side of the half-time break to keep India in the lead. Head Coach Maymol Rocky soon brought on Manisha in place of Sandhiya, and the move seemed to have made in instant impact.
An intricate move was converted into a chance by Ratanbala, who played Bala through on goal as the latter finished off the chance to score her second goal of the match. The Indians kept dominating the game, as time soon ran out, and India secured their third-straight gold medal.
(with inputs from AIFF)
For all the latest Sports News, download Indian Express App


404
"Stone Doughnut eh !?!"
Don't worry. Early man took hundreds of thousands of years to figure out what to do with it . But you dont need to.
Check out to Trednil and understand complex science projects easily
Take Me Home


All Classes
Booger
LongShot
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Snot
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SnotException
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DIABOLO
Learning the basics of diabolo-ing can be quite tricky. Without a tutor right next to you, it can take a while to find out that the diabolo needs to be spinning, let alone how to make it spin.
Therefore, I’ve made a complete video for you to teach you the basics of diabolo – starting, accelerating and correcting. The video is in quite good quality, but I’m planning to make a new one before October 2014 that will show everything in 1080p and will be “content” better.
Ok, let’s start – I’ll try to make a note for you considering everything I show in the video (Everything is for right-hand people – if you’re left-handed, do these exercises inversely.
How to start the diabolo? There are a few ways to start the diabolo. I’ll tell you about three of them.
1. Place the diabolo on the string and then on the floor a little bit to the right. Now using the sticks, swing the diabolo on the floor to the left and then lift in the air. It should have some starting spin. Now you’ll have to move your sticks in a proper way – more about it below.
2. Place the diabolo on the string but don’t put it on the floor, just hold it in the air. Take both sticks to your left hand and create a little V with these sticks. Now, with your right hand add some spin to the diabolo and take one stick back to your right hand. Start accelerating it.
3. For beginners, this third method is definitely hard before learning throwing and catching, but you can try it after some training. Hold two sticks in your left hand and the diabolo in your right. You have to throw the diabolo in the air and add the spin at the same time. Some people prefer to hold one cup, but I prefer to hold both cups with my middle finger on the axle. Then, you have to take one stick to your right hand, spread your hands and catch the falling diabolo on the string. After that, you can start accelerating the diabolo.
How to accelerate the diabolo?
All right, for starters maybe I’ll say something about why the diabolo needs to have a lot of spin.  I’ll tell you about four methods, but I’ll show you only three because the Chinese method is still a mystery for me :D The first two are good only for beginner diabolo tricks, which don’t require a lot of spin. To perform more difficult ones, I suggest that you try to learn the third “circle” method.
1. There are a few verbs that could describe the movement of your right hand and left hand. These are tapping, jerking, pulling and lifting up and down. In every verb there is some truth, but I’ll be using jerking because it feels the most appropriate. In the most basis version of accelerating diabolo your right-hand stick jerks the diabolo and your left-hand absorbs the aggressive pulls made by the right hand. Think about it for a while – the diabolo is spinning counter-clockwise so your right hand needs to add some spin and your left hand needs to avoid slowing it down. That’s why the movement of right-hand stick is more aggressive to make it stronger than left-hand possible slowdowns.
2. The second version of accelerating the diabolo adds one really important thing – one wrap around the axle. How to do it?  Now you’ll feel that there’s more friction and without jerking it, the diabolo will slow down faster. Conversely, if you jerk it up in the same way as in the first version it will accelerate faster. After you’ve accelerated the diabolo simply unwrap the diabolo through a clockwise circle around the axle. Now you can perform some simple tricks.
Quick Tip: When you have a wrap around the axle, make sure that your right-hand stick is a little bit closer to your body than your left-hand side. This way, your string will not wrap totally around the axle. If you don’t know what I’m talking about, you will almost certainly find out in the near future. Basically, when you have a wrap and a lot of spin and you hold your sticks wrong, the axle catches the string and wraps totally leaving you with a patience-teaching process of unwrapping it :D
3. Now time for the method that I’m using on a daily basis. It allows you to make the diabolo spin really fast and perform a couple of tricks one after another without adding more spin. The diabolo moves almost in a circle in clockwise motion. It’s really hard to explain in with words, so I encourage you to watch my video where I show it in slow motion and give some tips about this method.
4. There is also a Chinese Acceleration method in which the diabolo moves almost vertically up and down and gains a LOT of speed. It’s very flashy and efficient, therefore it’s used by most of the professional diaboloists. The difficulty here is all about proper movement of the sticks and preventing the diabolo from wrapping.
How to correct the diabolo?
1. Correcting the diabolo is really useful especially for beginners, so I’ll tell you a few words about it. When you accelerate the diabolo, you’ll see that its cups are moving a little bit up or down and eventually the diabolo drops from your string. How to avoid it?
Well, all you have to do to correct the diabolo is moving your sticks forward or backward and make a few strong jerks. When the cup which is closer to your body moves down, you need to move your right-hand stick forward and jerk. This way, the cup will lift and the second one will lower a little bit and you’ll get back to the appropriate position. Similarly, if the cup which is near your body goes up, move your right-hand stick to your body and jerk it.
2. There’s also another way you can correct the diabolo. Let’s assume you make a performance and you need to stand in front of a group of spectators and your diabolo changes the directions and moves to the left or right. Here, you have to use the sticks again but differently. Now the right-hand stick will touch the cups to correct the position of the diabolo. If you want to change the position of the diabolo to the left, you need to touch the closer cup near the axle gently. Similarly, to change to position of the diabolo to the right, touch the inner part of the further cup with your hand and stick diverted 180 degrees (you can find all this in the video)
What about the most common diabolo mistakes?
1. Jerking the diabolo hard with both sticks - remember, if you’re right-handed, your right hand needs to add the spin, therefore it performs more aggressive moves.
2. To little spin – both for starting and for tricks – Notice, that you need to add some spin before you start accelerating the diabolo (it’s not important whether you start from the floor or from the air). The same for tricks – you can’t perform tricks when the diabolo doesn’t have speed and it’s not stable. Of course, professionals can start almost without speed but they have the technique and expertise to do it. Don’t worry, you’ll get that too after some training.
3. Panicking and losing patience – Nobody said it will be easy – but with my tips and your 2-3-day training, I hope that learning these most important diabolo skills will be more pleasant and you won’t get angry at the diabolo :D
4. If you have any problems that I haven’t mentioned here or I simply forgot to mention them , don’t hesitate to contact me using the button on the left or the Cooperation button on the top.
How to prevent the diabolo string from wrapping?
As I wrote above, sometimes it’s quite difficult to prevent the diabolo from wrapping but it’s doable. The simplest advice I can give you is: hold the right-hand stick a little bit closer to your body than the left-hand stick until it becomes a habit, an unconscious position.
For more juggling tricks, please visit the LIST OF TRICKS, there is more than 100 of them there. I’m sure you will be able to find something for yourself. The tricks are arranged with increasing difficulty. There are 3-ball juggling tricks, 4-ball juggling tricks and juggling tricks for 1 diabolo.
I hope this website will be useful for you and you’ll come back when you want to learn something new.
Bartek from howtojuggle.com.pl


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- A Product will be deemed to be “compatible” with the Specification if it fully and
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- use the TCK to demonstrate that the Product fully and completely meets and satisfies all
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- The TCK may not be used as a basis for any statements of partial compatibility. The TCK may
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- A determination that a Product is compatible with the TCK does not, in itself, give rise to
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- Upon the request of Eclipse, a tester will retract any statements of compatibility (or any
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Winnetka Liquor is a local, family owned, liquor store in New Hope, MN 55427. We carry a wide range of spirits, beers, and wines
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Tools to develop and debug on STM32
A tool-chain is a set of programs which are used to develope, compile, debug and monitor an application. Setting up a complete toolchain can help to speed up the development, as they are configured to work together, mainly in automated scripts or having shared data format.
Last update: 2021-06-03 17:13:17
Table of Content
1. STM32 Ecosystem⚓
A tool-chain is a set of programming tools that allow developers to:
- Configure the settings on the target MCU
- Write code and navigate inside source files of the project
- Inspect the code to show additional information about variables, function definitions, etc.
- Compile the source code to an executable application
- Program the target MCU
- Debug the application running on the target MCU
- Monitor the application on the target MCU
The STM32Cube ecosystem is a complete software solution for STM32 microcontrollers and microprocessors. It has a complete toolchain and extended packages to well support developers on STM32 MCUs.
STM32CubeMX, a configuration tool for any STM32 device. This easy-to-use graphical user interface generates initialization C code for Cortex-M cores and generates the Linux device tree source for Cortex-A cores.
STM32CubeIDE, an Integrated Development Environment. Based on open-source solutions like Eclipse or the GNU C/C++ toolchain, this IDE includes compilation reporting features and advanced debug features. It also integrate additional features present in other tools from the ecosystem, such as the HW and SW initialization and code generation from STM32CubeMX. This software includes:
-
Eclipse IDE - an open source code editor and manager which supports many plugins such as C/C++ Development Platform, GCC Cross Compiler, GDB Hardware Debugger, Make and build scripts.
-
GNU ARM Cross-compiler with ST patch for STM32 MCUs - a compiler that converts code to executable and linkable file (.elf) or binary file (.bin, .hex).
-
GDB for inspecting, debugging the target application.
STM32CubeProgrammer, a programming tool. It provides an easy-to-use and efficient environment for reading, writing and verifying devices and external memories via a wide variety of available communication media (JTAG, SWD, UART, USB DFU, I2C, SPI, CAN, etc.).
STM32CubeMonitor, a monitoring tool. Powerful monitoring tools that help developers fine-tune the behavior and performance of their applications in real time.
STM32Cube MCU and MPU packages, dedicated to each STM32 series. Packages offer all the required embedded software bricks to operate the available set of STM32 peripherals. They include drivers (HAL, low-layer, etc.), middleware, and lots of example code used in a wide variety of real-world use cases.
STM32Cube expansion packages, for application-oriented solutions. Complementing and expanding the STM32Cube MCU Package offer with additional embedded software bricks, STM32 expansion packages come either from ST or approved partners to create an extensive and scalable embedded software offer around the STM32.
2. STMCubeIDE⚓
STM32CubeIDE is an advanced C/C++ development platform with peripheral configuration, code generation, code compilation, and debug features for STM32 microcontrollers and microprocessors. It is based on the Eclipse®/CDT framework and GCC toolchain for the development, and GDB for the debugging. It allows the integration of the hundreds of existing plugins that complete the features of the Eclipse® IDE.
This tool includes the STM32CubeMX for code generation. At any time during the development, the user can return to the initialization and configuration of the peripherals or middleware and regenerate the initialization code with no impact on the user code written in the user blocks.
STM32CubeIDE includes build and stack analyzers that provide the user with useful information about project status and memory requirements.
STM32CubeIDE also includes standard and advanced debugging features including views of CPU core registers, memories, and peripheral registers, as well as live variable watch, Serial Wire Viewer interface, or fault analyzer.
Other IDEs that support ARM Cortex:
- ARM®, Atollic TrueSTUDIO®: was bought by ST, included in STM32CubeIDE
- Keil™, MDK-ARM™: only free for STM32F0 and STM32L0 processes
- Altium®, TASKING™ VX-toolset: paid license
- IAR™, EWARM (IAR Embedded Workbench®): paid license
2.1. Installation⚓
Download STM32CubeIDE STM32CubeIDE User Manual
During the installation, please be suare to install ST-LINK and SEGGER J-Link drivers.
2.2. Create a workspace⚓
When start the program, it will ask to select a directory as a workspace - the location to save projects. Consider to make new workspaces for different big projects.
Each workspace has its own Preferences settings under the Windows menu.
Some personal settings
Due to the generated code from CubeMX is 2-space tab width, it is better to configure the Text Editor to adapt with the tab width behavior in General → Editor → Text Editor:
- Displayed tab width: 2
- Insert spaces for tabs: Checked
- Remove multiple spaces on backspace/delete: Checked
There are some options for Code Analysis under the C/C++ → Build. I recommended to enable some check for Potential Programming Problems:
- Assignment in condition
if(a=b)
- No return in a function which is declared to return a value
int func(){}
- Return without value
int func(){ return;}
- Return the address of a local variable
int* func(){int a; return &a;}
- Virtual method call in constructor/ destructor
Next is the formatting style under the option C/C++ → Code Style → Formatter:
- Create a new profile from K&R
- In the Indentation, change Tab Policy to Space Only; then set Indentation size and Tab size both to 2.
Finally, it should increase the buffer for terminals in Terminal option to 1000 or more.
2.3. Create a project⚓
It is recommended to start a new project with STM32CubeIDE as it will automatically configure the project for the selected target processor. When start a new STM32 project, IDE shows up the Device Finder screen first. There are options to select the target MCU/MPU by name, board, example, and cross-reference.
The first project
I am using a STM32F0-Discovery board (STM32F051R8) to make an example project for this post. This project does not require any knowledge about the target microprocessor, as it will be written like a normal C application.
After selecting the microprocessor, it’s time to name the project, and select the STM32Cube MCU packages version for the selected target. In this example, it is STM32Cube FW F0 v1.11.2.
Press on Finish then IDE will run a screen named Device Configuration Tool from the CubeMX tool, in there, it’s easy to enable any supported features in graphical mode. If the selected target is a development board, this tool will ask to use a default system config for the target board - usually including ST-Link pins, on-board buttons, LEDs, USB connect.
2.4. STM32CubeMX⚓
STM32CubeMX is a graphical tool that allows a very easy configuration of STM32 microcontrollers and microprocessors, as well as the generation of the corresponding initialization C code for the Arm® Cortex®-M cores.
STM32CubeMX allows the user to create, save and load previously saved projects. MCU configuration .ioc
file is saved in the project folder, and user can open it in CubeMX for editing.
2.4.1. Pinout Configuration⚓
This tab shows available Components in categories or in A-Z list. Select on a component will show its Configuration screen.
The large Pinout view show a graphic representation of the pin assignment. Left-click to select the function, and Right-click to do extra actions such as assigning a custom name.
2.4.2. Clock Configuration⚓
This tab provides a schematic overview of the clock paths, clock sources, dividers, and multipliers. Drop-down menus and buttons can be used to modify the actual clock tree configuration, to meet the application requirements.
IDE has ability to automatically calculate multipliers and dividers to provide requested frequency, user can set a desired frequency in the clock node, and press enter, then IDE will re-configure the PLL, pre-scaler. The frequency on each node can be locked via the right-click menu.
2.4.3. Project Manager⚓
This tab provides information about general project setting: to specify the project name, location, toolchain, and firmware version. It also has configs for code generation options such as the location of peripheral initialization code, library copy/link options, and to select templates for customized code.
2.4.4. Code generation⚓
After configuring pins, save the settings first and then start generating code. Manually request to generate code by pressing Alt + K
or choosing menu Project → Generate Code. The tool will create sub-folders and add necessary files into project. The general file structure is:
└───Core
│ ├───Inc
│ ├───Src
│ └───Startup
└───Drivers
└───CMSIS
│ └───Device
│ │ └───ST
│ │ └───STM32F0xx
│ │ └───Include
│ │ └───Source
│ │ └───Templates
│ └───Include
└───STM32F0xx_HAL_Driver
└───Inc
│ └───Legacy
└───Src
When chosen to use a Firmware Library in the project, IDE automatically uses ST Hardware Abstract Layer (HAL) library as the main way of controlling the processor and peripherals. HAL also makes use of Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface Standard (CMSIS) library to access processor’s registers. In the Project Manager tab, it can change to use Low-Level (LL) library instead of HAL.
Code dependency starts from the main.h
source file. This file includes HAL files which eventually includes CMSIS files. The main
function is called from the startup file startup_*.s
.
A HAL driver includes the following set of files:
| File | Description |
|---|---|
stm32f0xx_hal.h/.c |
This file is used for HAL initialization and contains DBGMCU, Remap and Time Delay based on SysTick APIs. This also include stm32f0xx_hal_def.h . |
stm32f0xx_hal_def.h |
Common HAL resources such as common define statements, enumerations, structures and macros. This includes CMSIS headers. |
stm32f0xx_hal_ppp.h/.c |
Main peripheral/module driver file. It includes the APIs that are common to all STM32 devices, example:stm32f0xx_hal_adc.c , stm32f0xx_hal_irda.c |
stm32f0xx_hal_ppp_ex.h/.c |
Extension file of a peripheral/module driver. It includes the specific APIs for a given part number or family, as well as the newly defined APIs that overwrite the default generic APIs if the internal process is implemented in different way, for example:stm32f0xx_hal_adc_ex.c , stm32f0xx_hal_flash_ex.c . |
The minimum files required to build an application using the HAL are listed in the table below:
| File | Description |
|---|---|
startup_stm32f0xx.s |
Toolchain specific file that contains reset handler and exception vectors. For some toolchains, it allows adapting the stack/heap size to fit the application requirements |
system_stm32f0xx.c |
This file contains SystemInit() which is called at startup just after reset and before branching to the main program. It does not configure the system clock at startup (contrary to the standard library).This is to be done using the HAL APIs in the user files. It allows relocating the vector table in internal SRAM. |
stm32f0xx_hal_conf.h |
This file allows the user to customize the HAL drivers for a specific application. It is not mandatory to modify this configuration. The application can use the default configuration without any modification. This call to STM32F0 HAL headers. |
stm32f0xx_hal_msp.c |
This file contains the MSP initialization and de-initialization (main routine and callbacks) of the peripheral used in the user application. |
stm32f0xx_it.h/.c |
This file contains the exceptions handler and peripherals interrupt service routine, and calls HAL_IncTick() at regular time intervals to increment a local variable (declared in stm32f0xx_hal.c ) used as HAL timebase. By default, this function is called each 1ms in Systick ISR.The PPP_IRQHandler() routine must call HAL_PPP_IRQHandler() if an interrupt based process is used within the application. |
main.h/.c |
This file contains the main program routine, mainly: • call to HAL_Init() • set system clock configuration • declare peripheral HAL initialization • user application code. |
2.5. Add user code⚓
User code sections are marked with a pair of phrases /* USER CODE BEGIN x */
and /* USER CODE END x */
. User code inside those marks are kept remaining during code generation.
I am going to add a variable counter
with type of char
, then inside the main while
loop in the main()
function, increase it by 1
after 100ms. Don’t mind the HAL function at this time.
main.c
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
char counter = 0;
/* USER CODE END PV */
int main(void) {
/* other setup function */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1) {
counter++;
HAL_Delay(100);
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
2.6. Compiler options⚓
Project has options for the compiler under its properties. Right-click on the project name in the right panel, then select Properties menu.
The default included folders are all the folders created in the project by the CubeMX tool. There are also some symbols created for the project build, such DEBUG
mode, or the MCU name STM32F051x8
.
Then in the Build Options, there are options to be used by GCC complier, GNU Linker, GNU Assembler.
2.7. Build Project⚓
Build the application by pressing Ctrl + B
, or in menu Project → Build All. There are some reports about the resource usage to check after the compilation. The first thing it reports is the memory usage, in term of RAM and FLASH free space.
2.8. Setup debugger⚓
Before Run or Debug on the target chip, it is needed to configure the programming/ debugging interface. By default, the application code can be programmed through the debugger interface, therefore, in Run Config or Debug Config, there is a tab named Debugger to select:
- Debug Probe: ST-LINK GDB, ST-LINK OpenOCD, SEGGER J-LINK, or other available probes
- Interface: SWD or JTAG. If there are multiple boards connected, use debugger board Serial Number to choose the correct target
- Advanced features:
- Serial Wire Viewer: read data from MCU in a dedicated SW0 pin, available on Cortext-M3 and above
- Live Expression: read out the value at a memory address without halting the CPU
2.9. Run Mode⚓
In the Run Mode, IDE flashes the firmware via the Debugging interface, and then disconnect the debugger to make the target board run freely. Just use the menu Run → Run.
2.10. Debug Mode⚓
Putting the target under the Debug Mode is to control its execution, step by step. Breakpoint is where the CPU will be halted and debugger will inspect its current status: registers, memory values.
By default, the first breakpoint is right after entering the main
function. The start address and the first break point can be set in the Startup tab in Debug Configurations.
When CPU is halted at a breakpoint, user can control the execution step by step, through the commands or buttons:
3. STM32CubeProgrammer⚓
STM32CubeProgrammer (previous name was ST-Link Utility) provides an easy-to-use and efficient environment for reading, writing and verifying device memory through both the debug interface (JTAG and SWD) and the bootloader interface (UART, USB DFU, I2C, SPI, and CAN). STM32CubeProgrammer offers a wide range of features to program STM32 internal memories (such as Flash, RAM, and OTP) as well as external memories.
Download STM32CubeProgrammer STM32CubeProgrammer User Manual
3.1. Target connection⚓
On the original development boards, please select ST-LINK interface, and then select either SWD or JTAG port.
If the custom board has an USB port with Device Firmware Update mode, it can be connected on the USB interface. Before pressing Connect on the software, find on the board to press and hold the Boot button (Boot0 or Boot1) and press Reset button (NRST) to make device run into DFU mode.
3.2. Erase and Program⚓
Once connected to a target, the memory sectors are displayed in the right-hand panel showing the start address and the size of each sector. To erase one or more sectors, select them in the first column and then click on the Erase selected sectors button.
To download firmware to the target chip, select the Erasing & Programming tab. Click on the browse button and select the file to be programmed. The file format supported are binary files (.bin), ELF files (.elf, .axf, .out), Intel hex files (.hex) and Motorola S-record files (.Srec).
In case of programming a binary file, the address must be set.
3.3. Other features⚓
Other advanced features will be covered in other posts. Here is the list of those features:
- Option Bytes
- CPU Instruction debug
- Serial Wire View
- Fault Analyzer
- External Flash programming
4. STM32CubeMonitor⚓
The STM32CubeMonitor helps to fine-tune and diagnose STM32 applications at run-time by reading and visualizing their variables in real-time. It provides a flow-based graphical editor to build custom dashboards simply, and quickly add widgets such as gauges, bar graphs and plots. With non-intrusive monitoring, STM32CubeMonitor preserves the real-time behavior of applications, and perfectly complements traditional debugging tools to perform application profiling.
Download STM32CubeMonitor STM32CubeMonitor Guide
This tool use SWD/JTAG interface to access the memory addresses and read their value.
When start the tool, there is a basic flow created with:
- Start/ Stop/ Clear buttons
- myVariables block holds the addresses under monitoring
- myProbe_Out block has configs to connect to the target device through debug interface
- myProbe_In block has script to read the value of the addresses listed in the myVariables block
- myVariables processing block read the captured value and process it
- myChart displays the dashboard which visualizes the processed data
To configure a block, double click on it, and follow the guide. The steps go through file selection, variable list, connect probe, and assign probe.
To demonstrate how it works, add a counter
variable of type char
as a global variable in the main.c
file. In the main loop, increase the counter
value every 100ms. This variable will be shown in the list of variables after selecting the compiled .elf
firmware file.
Connect the target board via ST-LINK or other SWD/ JTAG compatible debugger. The debugger will be shown a probe in Cube Monitor. Select the protocol and assign to the in or out probe.
The chart can be drawn in line or bar chart. At this time, just use a default one.
Finally, press on Deploy to configure the probes, and then click on Dashboard to show the graphical interface.
Start button will send start
message to the probe and variable processing block. The captured data will be drawn on the chart.
5. Other tools⚓
There are many other tools that work on ARM cores. I will have other posts to share about those tools such as Cross Compiler, Config File, Make File, or System View.


--- title: Bagged Tree author: Ouafaa Hmaddi date: '2020-12-01' slug: bagged-tree categories: [] tags: [] ---
In this post, we will outline how we fit a bagged tree model to our data.
What does the Bagged Tree Model do?
Bagged trees are a special case of random forests where there is no sampling of columns when each tree is built. A bagged tree approach creates multiple subsets of data from the training set where each of these subsets is used to train a given decision tree. The predictions from all the different subsets are averaged together, giving us a stronger prediction than one tree could do independently.
Hyperparameters to be optimized
Unlike random forest, there is not a way to easily access the “out-of-the-box” (OOB) samples with {baguette}. Thankfully, we can tune the model similar to what we do with random forest using the {ranger} package, and this will allow us to access the OOB samples. To fit a bagged tree with {ranger}, we set the mtry
argument equal to the number of predictors in our data frame calculated by extracting the number of columns in the data and subtracting one (to not account for the outcome).
Overall, we tune the number of trees
and min_n
since m_try
is already set depending on the number of predictors.
Why did we select this model?
We selected this model as one of our three fits because we wanted to explore several models that utilize decision trees. Bagged tree specifically leads to more stable model predictions as it reduces model variability. Thus, it is important to note here that bagging would not be recommended when the model already has low variance as it increases computational burdens without improving the model. For example, linear regression models will generally not change much in their model predictions when using bagging. Overall, the noisier our data is, the more bags (i.e. resamples) we add to reduce the noise.
To illustrate this, it is important to understand that bagging like boosting is an ensemble method, which combines several decision trees to produce better predictive performance than utilizing a single decision tree. This is basically, like when you feel like you are not learning much by studying alone so you go to the library and look for a study group to learn faster with an “ensemble” of other students.
Bagged Tree Model Assumptions
Similar to the the decision trees model and other decision-tree based models, the bagged tree model share the same assumptions. Because decision trees function to split the data, they have no probabilistic model, and therefore bagging does not need to make any assumptions about the underlying data distribution.
Model Performance Evaluation
We will evaluate the performance of this model after training by applying it to our held out test split from the training data (also called the validation set). We will examine rmse (the root mean squared error, the standard deviation of the residuals), and rsq (R-squared, the proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by the variables in our regression model), but largely rely upon the rmse as our single evaluator of the performance of this and the other tree models we present in this blog in order to select our final model.
First, we set up our data as you can see in the data description and setup here.
Model Fitting Procedures
To fit the bagged tree model, we first set the mode, regression, the engine, "rpart"
, and the number of bootstrap resamples we would like. Here, we are using the recommended number of 10, based on our course. We then combine the recipe we previously created, which is described in our data introduction, and this model specification, which we call mod_bag
into a workflow for our bagged tree model.
set.seed(500)
#Specify model
mod_bag <- bag_tree() %>%
set_mode("regression") %>%
set_engine("rpart", times = 10) # 10 bootstrap resamples
#Create workflow
wflow_bag <- workflow() %>%
add_recipe(rec) %>%
add_model(mod_bag)
We then use the fit_resamples()
function to fit the workflow to our training data set. We ask for the rmse and rsq as our metrics, and use the argument extract = function(x) extract_model(x))
in order to extract the models from this fit,
set.seed(500)
fit_bag <- fit_resamples(
wflow_bag,
vfold_cv(train),
metrics = metric_set(rmse, rsq),
control = control_resamples(verbose = TRUE,
save_pred = TRUE,
extract = function(x) extract_model(x)))
collect_metrics(fit_bag)
Next, we will tune the number of trees hyperparameter. We set min_n to 2. We will use a function that pulls multiple RMSEs and we will graph them to figure out the optimal number of bags needed for this data. Of note, given the computational resources needed for this tuning, we will only test it on 1% of our data then apply the final number of trees to the full training and test data.
pull_auc <- function(b) {
# specify model
mod <- bag_tree() %>%
set_mode("regression") %>%
set_args(cost_complexity = 0, min_n = 2) %>%
set_engine("rpart", times = b)
# fit model to full training dataset
m <- fit_resamples(mod, rec, train_cv)
# extract the AUC & add the $b$ value
auc <- show_best(m, "rmse")
auc$b <- b
# return the AUC data frame
auc
}
# specify candidate b models
b <- seq(5, 200, 25)
# Fit models
library(future)
plan(multisession)
aucs <- map_df(b, pull_auc)
plan(sequential)
ggplot(aucs, aes(b, mean)) +
geom_line() +
geom_point()
{{% figure src="/plots/rmse_auc.png" alt="RMSE AUC" %}}
We see from the plot above that setting \(b\) to 175 would be the optimal number of trees. Note that this visualization is based on 1% of the training data.
The plot below shows the root nodes from a bagged tree made of 60 trees (6 folds x 10 resamples). As noted based on our RMSE, the optimal number of resamples (trees) is 175 but for time and computational efficiency purposes we only set it to 10 for this visualization.
# extract roots
bag_roots <- function(x){
x %>%
select(.extracts) %>%
unnest(cols = c(.extracts)) %>%
mutate(models = map(.extracts,
~.x$model_df)) %>%
select(-.extracts) %>%
unnest(cols = c(models)) %>%
mutate(root = map_chr(model,
~as.character(.x$fit$frame[1, 1]))) %>%
select(root)
}
# plot
bag_roots(fit_bag) %>%
ggplot(mapping = aes(x = fct_rev(fct_infreq(root)))) +
geom_bar() +
coord_flip() +
labs(x = "Root", y = "Count")
{{% figure src="/plots/bagtree_root.png" alt="Root nodes" %}}
Model Fitting Results
Finally, in order to get the results of our model with the tuned trees hyperparameter (175), we will apply this model to our full training dataset.
From the fitted model, we then extract just the metrics in order to compare the results of this bagged tree model with our random forest and boosted tree models in order to choose a final model to make student score predictions from the test data (test.csv
) and to submit to Kaggle.
The following table shows our model fitting metrics for the tuned bagged tree model.
{{% figure src="/plots/metrics.png" alt="Metrics Table" %}}The following code shows how we created predictions for the final fit of the model to the testing data. Note that for computational efficiency, since the other models had to be run on Talapas, we generated these predictions for each of our models, but only submitted the predictions for the testing set on Kaggle that corresponded to the model with the best rmse based on our validation set. For more information, see our final fit post.
#make predictions on test.csv
full_test <- read_csv("data/test.csv",
col_types = cols(.default = col_guess(),
calc_admn_cd = col_character()))
#join with ethnicity data
full_test_eth <- left_join(full_test, ethnicities) #join with FRL dataset
#join with frl
full_test_FRL <- left_join(full_test_eth, frl)
#workflow
fit_workflow <- fit(wflow_bag, frl_fulltrain)
#use model to make predictions for test dataset
preds_final <- predict(fit_workflow, full_test_FRL) #use model to make predictions for test dataset
head(preds_final)
pred_frame <- tibble(Id = full_test_FRL$id, Predicted = preds_final$.pred)
#create prediction file
write_csv(pred_frame, "fit_bag.csv")


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Shingles
Check if you have shingles
The first sign of shingles can be:
- a tingling or painful feeling in an area of skin
- headache or feeling generally unwell
It may be a few days before the rash appears.
It’s most common on your chest and tummy but can appear on your face, eyes and genitals.
 They should be taken within 72 hours of your rash appearing.
Antiviral tablets can:
- reduce how long your shingles lasts
- reduce how severe your shingles is
- prevent complications, like nerve pain
You can buy painkillers to ease shingles pain.
It can take up to 4 weeks for the rash to heal. Pain can stay for weeks after the rash has gone, but it usually settles in time.
There are things you can do ease your symptoms
Do
- keep the rash clean and dry to reduce risk of infection
- wear loose-fitting clothing
- use calamine lotion to ease itching
- use a cool compress (a bag of frozen vegetables wrapped in a towel or a wet cloth) a few times a day
Don’t
- let dressings or plasters stick to the rash
- use antibiotic cream – this slows healing
Stay away from certain groups of people if you have shingles
Chickenpox can be dangerous for certain groups of people, so try to avoid:
- pregnant women who have not had chickenpox before
- people with a weakened immune system, such as someone with HIV or AIDS
- babies less than one month old (unless it is your own baby, as they should be protected from the virus by your immune system)
Stay off work or school until the rash scabs
Shingles is contagious only while the rash oozes fluid. If the rash is covered (with clothes), there’s little risk of passing the infection on to others.
You can’t get shingles from chickenpox
Shingles is only contagious while the rash oozes fluid.
You can’t get shingles from someone with shingles or chickenpox.
However, you can get chickenpox from someone with shingles, if you haven’t had chickenpox before.
Shingles and pregnancy
If you’re pregnant and get shingles, there is no danger to your pregnancy or baby.
If your GP thinks you need medicine, they may speak to a specialist to decide whether the benefits of medication outweigh any possible risk.


--- category: '' date: 2022-12-11 12:11:34 UTC-06:00 description: "We build hybrid solutions for the world's most ambitious companies. By providing user-focused consultancy, high technology and connection to diverse communities." link: '' slug: consultancy tags: '' title: Consultancy type: text ---
We build hybrid solutions for the world's most ambitious companies. By providing user-focused consultancy, high technology and connection to diverse communities.
We're world-leading experts at building massively scalable distributed systems.
We have over 17 years of experience building critical digital infrastructure that scales without error.
We create real impact through the power of resilient technologies with Python, Erlang and Lua at their core.
Our strength and differentiation lies in the combination of three service areas: Consultancy, Technology and Community, with each service adding value to our clients.
Talk us about how we can help you develop a future proof system that is easier to maintain, more scalable and cheaper to run.
We're trusted technology partner, We'll ensure your systems are secure, reliable and cost-effective. Work with us to ensure you maximises efficiency and minimises downtime.
We're world-leading experts in open-source technologies that enable more users, less down time and faster iterations.
We're proud open-source supporters and passionately committed to Python, Lua and Erlang technologies. We empower the community with guides, and downloadable packages.
Spacebeam exists to build hybrid solutions for the world's most ambitious companies, by providing user-focused consultancy, high technology and access to diverse communities.


Here is a scenario; you oversee an Oven Temperature Data Logger for a Pizzeria company. You monitor this data to help determine when oven maintenance is required.
Your company receives sensor data from several pizzeria factories and from different oven models. You are tasked to develop a reusable service that can process your temperature data from all these factories.
You decided the best and most cost-effective way to handle this task is to use serverless computing. For this project, you are going to use Azure Functions. With this in mind, we are going to play with Azure Functions to learn how it works immediately.
With serverless computing, your cloud provider manages the provisioning and maintenance of the infrastructure letting you focus on building the app logic. It enables you to run pieces of code or functions, written in the programming language of your choice, in the cloud. In other words, Function as a service (FaaS), or a microservice that is hosted on a cloud. Your function app is automatically scaled up or down depending on load.
Azure Functions is a serverless application platform provided by Microsoft. This allows developers to host business logic with the benefits of serverless computing. Azure Functions provides the scalability that it is needed and will charge only for the resources used. You can write your function app code in the language of your choice, like C#, F#, or JavaScript. It supports NuGet and NPM so you can use your favorite library in your business logic.
Note: Make sure you have an Azure account. If not click here to create a free one.
Now, that you have created your very own function app let us execute an actual function. First, a few terms and concepts to know.
These are event objects that define how a function is invoked. You must configure a function with one event trigger. Functions are event-driven and it requires a trigger to run.
These are the connection to data within your function. You do not have to write code in your function to connect to your data sources and to manage the connections because it takes care of the complexity for you. Each function can have none or more bindings to manage the input and output of data.
Azure provides a large list of bindings to connect to different storage and messaging services.
Now, we are going to add an actual function with a logic template to the function app.
index.js
file with the
template code contents.
index.js
code editor click the
</> Get function URL to get the endpoint.
name
and
for the Value enter
Azure Function
.
Content-Type
and for the
Value enter
application/json
.
Hello Azure Function
.
Yay! It works, you are able to communicate with the function app thru HTTP.
Now, let's add our own logic to the function to meet the requirements for the Pizzeria company.
index.js
file replace the template code
with the following code:
module.exports = function(context, req) {
context.log('OvenTemperature Service triggered');
if (req.body && req.body.readings) {
req.body.readings.forEach(function(reading) {
let dateTime = new Date(reading.timestamp * 1000);
dateTime.toLocaleString('en-US');
if (reading.temperature <= 300) {
reading.status = 'COLD';
} else if (reading.temperature <= 500) {
reading.status = 'GREAT';
} else {
reading.status = 'BURNT';
}
context.log(
`The Pizza Oven Temperature Reading is ${
reading.status
} at ${dateTime}
for Oven at ${reading.factory}`
);
});
context.res = {
// status: 200, /* Defaults to 200 */
body: {
readings: req.body.readings,
},
};
} else {
context.res = {
status: 400,
body:
'Please send an array of temperature readings in the request body',
};
}
context.done();
};
This is a simple logic that iterates over the array of readings and checks thru the fields and outputs the status of the oven, the date time and factory name.
Content-Type
and for the
Value enter
application/json
.
Please send an array of temperature readings in the
request body
. This means we need some data.
{
"readings": [
{
"factory": 'Waterbury Pizza Pizza Factory',
"temperatureId": 1,
"timestamp":<PHONE_NUMBER>,
"temperature": 203
},
{
"factory": 'Harford DiGeorgio Factory',
"temperatureId": 3,
"timestamp":<PHONE_NUMBER>,
"temperature": 400
},
{
"factory": 'New York Migrante Factory',
"temperatureId": 3,
"timestamp":<PHONE_NUMBER>,
"temperature": 298
},
{
"factory": 'Orlando Raton Pizza Factory',
"temperatureId": 18,
"timestamp":<PHONE_NUMBER>,
"temperature": 658
}
]
}
index.js
code editor.
You are on your way to provide the reusable service that the Pizzeria company needs.
You did it! You played and tested a serverless function app. You have learned how to create and host a Function app with business logic in the cloud. A great way to add serverless hosted services to your solution that can scale and grow.
Azure, in this case, manages the infrastructure and you focus on the code. You can also integrate with other services, like GitHub, Twilio, etc. to create complex Serverless workflows quickly and easily. The Pizzeria Company can now determine the best time to schedule maintenance for each of the pizzeria factories.


XYZ Correlator plots correlations between process variables. If you enter and enable two PVs then it plots the time correlated values versus each other. If you enter and enable three PVs, then it plots the time correlated values of the first two channels against each other and sets the color of each point to correspond to the time correlated value of the third channel. A color scale is provided to indicate the mapping of the third channel values to color.
You can enter PVs manually by either typing them into the PV table cells or by dropping the PV text onto a PV table row. You can also add channels from the XAL optics for the selected accelerator sequence by typing pressing the "Add..." button and selecting one or more channels to add. By default, there are three rows for PVs. You can add more rows if you want and check only those PVs you wish to correlate at any time.
The correlator will only plot correlated values for either two or three channels marked for plotting. You can perform a polynomial fit on the 2D plotted points and copy the fit to the clipboard if you want.
You can monitor an arbitrary number of channels for correlations and you can export the correlation buffer to a text file.


The_Seven_Deadly_Sins
The Seven Deadly Sins, a group of evil knights who conspired to overthrow the kingdom of Britannia, were said to have been eradicated by the Holy Knights, although some claim that they still live. Ten years later, the Holy Knights have staged a coup d'état and assassinated the king, becoming the new, tyrannical rulers of the kingdom. Elizabeth, the king's third daughter, sets out on a journey to find the "Seven Deadly Sins", and to enlist their help in taking back the kingdom.