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My Tear
Oh, tiny drop of water, you know you're not coming out.
Is it an allergy to myself?
- Impossible. There is no danger in the sunset.
Is it a leak from my soul?
- Impossible. There is no leak when nothing's been torn.
Is it the waves from the apocalypse?
- Impossible. There is no end when the world is flat.
Then, please, who are you?
- Just some steam made out of kisses, hugs, smiles, poems. Joy.
Steam? What turned you into that?
- The Sun.
But, where do you live?
- Your skin. Your veins. Your sweat. Your breath.
Then, what are you doing here?
- It's the tipping point, your eyes.
- There's nowhere else to go. Too much steam.
And why now?
- It's too cold. I condensed into water.
What do I do with you?
- Taste me. I'm not bitter this time.
I'm in a bus. People are watching me. They're...
Funny. I can taste the whole world.


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| S/N | Title | Description | Price | Image | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rice Soup | Nutritious meal, good for the body | ₦1,190.50 | |||
| 2 | Rice Soup | Nutritious meal, good for the body | ₦1,190.50 | |||
| 3 | Rice Soup | Nutritious meal, good for the body | ₦1,190.50 | |||
| 4 | Rice Soup | Nutritious meal, good for the body | ₦1,190.50 |


Self Confidence.
What is the relationship between mindfulness and self awareness?
Search Inside Yourself explains that these are two terms that effectively talk about the same thing. And just comparing the two words 'aware' and 'mindful' can really illustrate that.
Try one self-awareness practice from the book (Body Scan, Journaling). What was your experience of it?
Body scanning is something that I've done before, but normally for a shorter time span after a workout or a yoga session. I do find it really relaxing, but I've never tried to identify emotions in the body before. I feel like that will take quite a bit more practice.
"My emotions are not me!"
I really like this concept, especially the subtle shift from thinking "I am ..." to "I feel...". It allows one to still experience the emotion, as I believe we still need to acknowledge our emotions and let them run their courses through us, but it doesn't then consume us. It reminded me of the concept of people not being good or bad, but just doing good or bad things. Recognising that people can make mistakes, do bad things, but that doesn't necessarily change their underlying character. Likewise, people can get angry or sad, but that doesn't have to define them in any moment.


Competition information
Competition type
Programme
Innovation sector
Health and life sciences
Innovation area
Health care
Funding available
£
£250,000
Innovation Lead
Mark Daily
Portfolio Manager
Paul Ray
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Competition milestones
Milestone
10 October 2017
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Open date
10 October 2017
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Submission date
10 October 2017
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Todo List
Walk Rusty
Buy Groceries
Finish Recording CSS Videos
A h2 header
apples
carrots
watermelon
Another h2 header
oak
pine
palm
cypress
maple


Before Change
except URLNotFoundNomadException:
logger.error("Dispatching Surveyor Nomad job failed (URLNotFoundNomadException).",
accession_code=accession, job=str(survey_job.id))
except Exception as e:
logger.exception("Unable to Dispatch Nomad Survey Job.",
job_id=str(survey_job.id),
reason=str(e)
)
class Command(BaseCommand):
def add_arguments(self, parser):
parser.add_argument(
After Change
try:
send_job(SurveyJobTypes.SURVEYOR, survey_job)
except:
// If we can"t dispatch this, then let the foreman retry it late.
pass


| 018:102 Khan | : |
Do then those who disbelieve think that they can take My slaves [i.e., the angels, Allah's Messengers, 'Iesa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary), etc.] as Auliya' (lords, gods, protectors, etc.) besides Me? Verily, We have prepared Hell as an entertainment for the disbelievers (in the Oneness of Allah Islamic Monotheism). |
| 018:102 Maulana | : |
Do those who disbelieve think that they can take My servants to be friends besides Me? Surely We have prepared hell as an entertainment for the disbelievers. |
| 018:102 Pickthal | : |
Do the disbelievers reckon that they can choose My bondmen as protecting friends beside Me? Lo! We have prepared hell as a welcome for the disbelievers. |
| 018:102 Rashad | : |
Do those who disbelieve think that they can get away with setting up My servants as gods beside Me? We have prepared for the disbelievers Hell as an eternal abode. |
| 018:102 Sarwar | : |
Do the unbelievers think they can make My servants as their guardians instead of Me? We have prepared hell as a dwelling place for the disbelievers. |
| 018:102 Shakir | : |
What! do then those who disbelieve think that they can take My servants to be guardians besides Me? Surely We have prepared hell for the entertainment of the unbelievers. |
| 018:102 Sherali | : |
Do the disbelievers think that they can take MY servants as protectors instead of ME? Surely, WE have prepared Hell as an entertainment for the disbelievers. |
| 018:102 Yusufali | : |
Do the Unbelievers think that they can take My servants as protectors besides Me? Verily We have prepared Hell for the Unbelievers for (their) entertainment. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > توحيد الله تعالي > الوعد والوعيد Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Oneness of Allah> Promise and Threat أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > الكافرون > صفات الكفار Pillars of Islam> Islamic> The Disbelievers> The Characteristics of the Disbelievers
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


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>
My long term goal is to acquire the skills necessary for a career in software development. I currently have an interest in artificial intelligence and would love to pursue this pathway given the opportunity. I would like to leave this course with the knowledge of the best way to learn a new coding language so I can further my skills following completion of the programme. I haven’t thought much about the impact I would like to make but I think I would like to work for a company that is changing the way the world works.. hence my interest in artificial intelligence.
In my foundations learning plan I listed my strengths as having a high level of focus and good time management. I believe these things helped me complete the challenges in sprints four and five and will continue to help me throughout bootcamp. In terms of limitations I mentioned that I often strive for perfection and can get frustrated when trying to solve a problem for a prolonged period of time without success. I think in the last few weeks I have made an effort to realise this limitation, and have become better at taking regular breaks away from the computer and also asking for help before getting to the point of frustration. This as well as practising mindfulness has definitely helped me complete challenges more efficiently. This is something I’d like to continue to work on.
During foundations I have found that the core material has really helped me in terms of absorbing the technical material and optimising my learning. Throughout bootcamp there are a few non-technical skills I would like to develop within myself. These include, improving my leadership skills, working to complete a project within a team environment, and also building confidence speaking in front of a group or presenting my work. I think that my biggest challenge will be to not have such high expectations of myself and this is something I would like to work on during bootcamp.
From what I know about bootcamp, the workload is about four to five times that of foundations. This is obviously a lot but I feel motivated to learn as much as possible in the short time I have here and take advantage of all the opportunities presented to me. Aside from being prepared for this workload, I understand the need for balance and to look after my mental health as well. I plan to exercise at least four times a week, keep social engagements to a minimum and make sure I get a decent amount of sleep each night so that my productivity is at it’s best. I also understand the importance communication and staying accountable when working in teams, this is something I will do my best to be aware of at all times.
My expectations of the bootcamp team are similar to those of the facilitation team. Mostly I would expect to be told if I could be doing things in a better way, be that something technical or non-technical, or constructive criticism or just general feedback. I have enjoyed the weekly catchups with my facilitator and have found them very encouraging and a good environment to raise any questions or concerns about my learning. Overall I would like to come out of this experience having learned as much as possible and any help with this would be great.


--- layout: post title: Beware the 9-2-5-er! tags: - ego - Project Management - Software Development - Work Practices status: publish type: post published: true meta: {} ---
So, (first question) are project managers a different breed? Are they motivated by extrinsic incentives (like salesmen) when all the management science literature tells us that knowledge workers are motivated intrinsically (I never have been sure I believed all that science but we hear it repeated often enough from many in the agile community)?AgileManagement I was reading a post about project managers when this phrase leapt out and bashed me over the head, only where the author wrote "project manager" I saw "developers-who-don't-give-dam". It is an unfortunate fact of life that many developers display a 9 to 5, this-is-just-my-job, attitude (9-2-5-ers) that is at odds to the 'I want to always do things better and learn' approach required to be a member of a successful Agile team. There are several reasons why this attitude creates a problem:


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Class FinderPatternFinder
- java.lang.Object
-
- com.google.zxing.qrcode.detector.FinderPatternFinder
-
public class FinderPatternFinder extends java.lang.Object
This class attempts to find finder patterns in a QR Code. Finder patterns are the square markers at three corners of a QR Code.
This class is thread-safe but not reentrant. Each thread must allocate its own object.
- Author:
- Sean Owen
-
-
Field Summary
Fields Modifier and Type Field Description protected static int
MAX_MODULES
protected static int
MIN_SKIP
-
Constructor Summary
Constructors Constructor Description FinderPatternFinder(BitMatrix image)
Creates a finder that will search the image for three finder patterns.FinderPatternFinder(BitMatrix image, ResultPointCallback resultPointCallback)
-
Method Summary
Modifier and Type Method Description protected void
clearCounts(int[] counts)
protected static boolean
foundPatternCross(int[] stateCount)
protected static boolean
foundPatternDiagonal(int[] stateCount)
protected BitMatrix
getImage()
protected java.util.List<FinderPattern>
getPossibleCenters()
protected boolean
handlePossibleCenter(int[] stateCount, int i, int j)
This is called when a horizontal scan finds a possible alignment pattern.protected boolean
handlePossibleCenter(int[] stateCount, int i, int j, boolean pureBarcode)
Deprecated.only exists for backwards compatibilityprotected void
shiftCounts2(int[] stateCount)
-
-
-
Field Detail
-
MIN_SKIP
protected static final int MIN_SKIP
- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
MAX_MODULES
protected static final int MAX_MODULES
- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
-
Constructor Detail
-
FinderPatternFinder
public FinderPatternFinder(BitMatrix image)
Creates a finder that will search the image for three finder patterns.
- Parameters:
image
- image to search
-
FinderPatternFinder
public FinderPatternFinder(BitMatrix image, ResultPointCallback resultPointCallback)
-
-
Method Detail
-
getImage
protected final BitMatrix getImage()
-
getPossibleCenters
protected final java.util.List<FinderPattern> getPossibleCenters()
-
foundPatternCross
protected static boolean foundPatternCross(int[] stateCount)
- Parameters:
stateCount
- count of black/white/black/white/black pixels just read- Returns:
- true iff the proportions of the counts is close enough to the 1/1/3/1/1 ratios used by finder patterns to be considered a match
-
foundPatternDiagonal
protected static boolean foundPatternDiagonal(int[] stateCount)
- Parameters:
stateCount
- count of black/white/black/white/black pixels just read- Returns:
- true iff the proportions of the counts is close enough to the 1/1/3/1/1 ratios used by finder patterns to be considered a match
-
clearCounts
protected final void clearCounts(int[] counts)
-
shiftCounts2
protected final void shiftCounts2(int[] stateCount)
-
handlePossibleCenter
@Deprecated protected final boolean handlePossibleCenter(int[] stateCount, int i, int j, boolean pureBarcode)
Deprecated.only exists for backwards compatibility- Parameters:
stateCount
- reading state module counts from horizontal scani
- row where finder pattern may be foundj
- end of possible finder pattern in rowpureBarcode
- ignored- Returns:
- true if a finder pattern candidate was found this time
- See Also:
handlePossibleCenter(int[], int, int)
-
handlePossibleCenter
protected final boolean handlePossibleCenter(int[] stateCount, int i, int j)
This is called when a horizontal scan finds a possible alignment pattern. It will cross check with a vertical scan, and if successful, will, ah, cross-cross-check with another horizontal scan. This is needed primarily to locate the real horizontal center of the pattern in cases of extreme skew. And then we cross-cross-cross check with another diagonal scan.
If that succeeds the finder pattern location is added to a list that tracks the number of times each location has been nearly-matched as a finder pattern. Each additional find is more evidence that the location is in fact a finder pattern center
- Parameters:
stateCount
- reading state module counts from horizontal scani
- row where finder pattern may be foundj
- end of possible finder pattern in row- Returns:
- true if a finder pattern candidate was found this time
-
-


I’m excited to bring the one year anniversary edition of This Week in React to you!
Trusted Types, a new and experimental DOM API, now has initial support in React. Also make sure to check out the follow up improvements.
You can now add new props when viewing components in the new DevTools and have advanced updating options.
The experimental React event system, now referred to as React Interactions in the codebase, has gotten a lot of updates:
This year’s React Conf is right around the corner. Check out the latest speaker list and start setting reminders for the live stream.
https://conf.reactjs.org/speakers.html
The contribution documentation was overhauled and now contains a section about feature flags.
The new DevTools will now show a separate label when the legacy context API is being used.
Installing the latest DevTools version no longer shows the new welcome dialog.
Work is underway that overhauls the warning system throughout the whole codebase.
This change fixes a bug in Firefox that marked required textareas as invalid.
New contributors land their first PR in the react or documentation repository every week.
Thank you all for being subscribers (especially those of you that are following for a year now). You’re all awesome!


Coreutils Experiments
This document is meant to give additional information regarding the Coreutils experiments discussed in our KLEE OSDI'08 paper. However, please note that in the last several years, KLEE and its dependencies (particularly LLVM and STP), have undergone major changes, which have resulted in considerable different behavior on several benchmarks, including Coreutils.
This document is structured as a series of FAQs:
- How did you build Coreutils?
Please follow the instructions in the Coreutils Tutorial. - What version of LLVM was used in the OSDI paper?
We generally kept in sync with the LLVM top-of-tree, which at the time was somewhere around LLVM 2.2 and 2.3. - What version of STP was used in the OSDI paper?
An old version of STP, which is still available as part of KLEE's repository, in revisions up to r161056. - On what OS did you run your experiments?
We ran most experiments on a 32-bit Fedora machine with SELinux support. The most important aspect is that this was a 32-bit system: the constraints generated on a 64-bit system are typically more complex and memory consumption might also increase.
We used the following options (the command below is for paste):$ klee --simplify-sym-indices --write-cvcs --write-cov --output-module \Some of these options have been renamed or removed in the current version of KLEE. Most notably, the options "--exclude-libc-cov" and "--exclude-cov-file" were implemented in a fragile way and we decided to remove them from KLEE. The idea was to treat the functions in libc or specified in a text file as "covered". (For the Coreutils experiments, we were interested in covering the code in the tools themselves, as opposed to library code, see the paper for more details). If you plan to reimplement these options in a clean way, please consider contributing your code to the mainline.
--max-memory=1000 --disable-inlining --optimize --use-forked-stp \
--use-cex-cache --with-libc --with-file-model=release \
--allow-external-sym-calls --only-output-states-covering-new \
--exclude-libc-cov --exclude-cov-file=./../lib/functions.txt \
--environ=test.env --run-in=/tmp/sandbox --output-dir=paste-data-1h \
--max-sym-array-size=4096 --max-instruction-time=10. --max-time=3600. \
--watchdog --max-memory-inhibit=false --max-static-fork-pct=1 \
--max-static-solve-pct=1 --max-static-cpfork-pct=1 --switch-type=internal \
--randomize-fork --use-random-path --use-interleaved-covnew-NURS \
--use-batching-search --batch-instructions 10000 --init-env \
./paste.bc --sym-args 0 1 10 --sym-args 0 2 2 --sym-files 1 8 --sym-stdout - What are the options closest to the ones above that
work with the current version KLEE?

We used a simple environment and a "sandbox" directory to make our experiments more deterministic. To recreate them, follow these steps: -
What symbolic arguments did you use in your experiments?
We ran most utilities using the arguments below. Our choice was based on a high-level understanding of the Coreutils applications: most behavior can be triggered with no more than two short options, one long option, and two small input streams (stdin and one file).--sym-args 0 1 10 --sym-args 0 2 2 --sym-files 1 8 --sym-stdoutFor eight tools where the coverage results were unsatisfactory, we consulted the man page and increased the number and size of arguments and files as follows:dd: --sym-args 0 3 10 --sym-files 1 8 --sym-stdout
dircolors: --sym-args 0 3 10 --sym-files 2 12 --sym-stdout
echo: --sym-args 0 4 300 --sym-files 2 30 --sym-stdout
expr: --sym-args 0 1 10 --sym-args 0 3 2 --sym-stdout
mknod: --sym-args 0 1 10 --sym-args 0 3 2 --sym-files 1 8 --sym-stdout
od: --sym-args 0 3 10 --sym-files 2 12 --sym-stdout
pathchk: --sym-args 0 1 2 --sym-args 0 1 300 --sym-files 1 8 --sym-stdout
printf: --sym-args 0 3 10 --sym-files 2 12 --sym-stdout


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load i18n %} {% block title %}{% trans "Permission denied" %}{% endblock %} {% block content %}
{% trans "Permission denied. You don't have the permission to do this action." %}


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[1]
no ripoffs or price switching at this hotel is spartan but it.
[2]
no ripoffs or price switching at this hotel is the market area.


Means:
It aims at advancing and promoting cross-industry blockchain technologies to ensure accountability, transparency, and trust among business partners. As a result, Hyperledger makes business network and transactions more efficient.
In summary, distributed ledger technology generally consists of three basic components:
A data model that captures the current state of the ledger.
A language of transactions that changes the ledger state.
A protocol used to build consensus among participants around which transactions will be accepted, and in what order, by the ledger.
A blockchain is a peer-to-peer distributed ledger, forged by consensus, combined with a system for smart contracts and other assistive technologies. Together, these can be used to build a new generation of transactional applications that establish trust, accountability, and transparency at their core.
Smart contracts are simply computer programs that execute predefined actions when certain conditions within the system are met.
Consensus refers to a system of ensuring that parties agree to a certain state of the system as the true state.
Is a blockchain framework contributed by Soramitsu, Hitachi, NTT Data, and Colu. Hyperledger Iroha is designed to be simple and easy to incorporate into infrastructure projects requiring distributed ledger technology. Hyperledger Iroha emphasizes mobile application development with client libraries for Android and iOS, making it distinct from other Hyperledger frameworks. Inspired by Hyperledger Fabric, Hyperledger Iroha seeks to complement Hyperledger Fabric and Hyperledger Sawtooth, while providing a development environment for C++ developers to contribute to Hyperledger.
In conclusion, Hyperledger Iroha features a simple construction, modern, domain-driven C++ design, along with the consensus algorithm YAC.
Hyperledger Sawtooth, contributed by Intel, is a blockchain framework that utilizes a modular platform for building, deploying, and running distributed ledgers. Distributed ledger solutions built with Hyperledger Sawtooth can utilize various consensus algorithms based on the size of the network. By default, it uses the Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET) consensus algorithm, which provides the scalability of the Bitcoin blockchain without the high energy consumption. PoET allows for a highly scalable network of validator nodes. Hyperledger Sawtooth is designed for versatility, with support for both permissioned and permissionless deployments.
Hyperledger Fabric was the first proposal for a codebase, combining previous work done by Digital Asset Holdings, Blockstream's libconsensus, and IBM's OpenBlockchain. Hyperledger Fabric provides a modular architecture, which allows components such as consensus and membership services to be plug-and-play. Hyperledger Fabric is revolutionary in allowing entities to conduct confidential transactions without passing information through a central authority. This is accomplished through different channels that run within the network, as well as the division of labor that characterizes the different nodes within the network. Lastly, it is important to remember that, unlike Bitcoin, which is a public chain, Hyperledger Fabric supports permissioned deployments.
"If you have a large blockchain network and you want to share data with only certain parties, you can create a private channel with just those participants. It is the most distinctive thing about Fabric right now."
Hyperledger Indy is a distributed ledger purpose-built for decentralized identity. Hyperledger Indy's goal is to achieve this by developing a set of
"(...) decentralized identity specs and artifacts that are independent of any particular ledger and will enable interoperability across any DLT that supports them."
Formally known as eris-db, Hyperledger Burrow was released in December 2014. Currently under incubation, Hyperledger Burrow is a permissionable smart contract machine that provides a modular blockchain client with a permissioned smart contract interpreter built- in part to the specification of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). It is the only available Apache-licensed EVM implementation.
Following are the major components of Burrow:
For businesses that want to deploy Blockchain-as-a-Service, Hyperledger Cello provides a toolkit that fulfills this need. Particularly for lean businesses and small enterprises, who want to reduce or eliminate the effort required in creating, managing, and terminating blockchains, Hyperledger Cello allows blockchains deployment to the cloud. Operators can create and manage such blockchains through a dashboard, and users (typically, chaincode developers) can obtain a blockchain instance immediately.
As a Hyperledger module, "Cello aims to bring the on-demand 'as-a-service' deployment model to the blockchain ecosystem", thus helping in furthering the development and deployment of Hyperledger's frameworks. Hyperledger Cello was initially contributed by IBM, with sponsors from Soramitsu, Huawei, and Intel.
Application developers and system administrators using Cello can provision and maintain Hyperledger networks. For instance, you can create a group of distributed ledger networks in virtual clouds known as 'container clusters', and then, manage and monitor those networks with a configurable dashboard. Additionally, you can build a Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS) platform.
Cello leverages the Docker APIs to manage the blockchain clusters in remote hosts, including physical servers and virtual machines. Hence Cello can be easily deployed to Cloud environments that provide virtual machines on demand. The design architecture is as follows:
Hyperledger Composer provides a suite of tools for building blockchain business networks. These tools allow you to:
Model your business blockchain network Generate REST APIs for interacting with your blockchain network Generate a skeleton Angular application.
Hyperledger Explorer is a tool for visualizing blockchain operations. It is the first ever blockchain explorer for permissioned ledgers, allowing anyone to explore the distributed ledger projects being created by Hyperledger's members from the inside, without compromising their privacy. The project was contributed by DTCC, Intel, and IBM.
Designed to create a user-friendly web application, Hyperledger Explorer can view, invoke, deploy, or query:
Blockchain is a new data structure with an automated way to enforce trust among participants. Consensus algorithms ensure that all participants agree on the data stored within the blockchain. Blockchain opens the door to disrupt any industry that relies on a central authority to confirm authenticity. It also allows independent, and even competing organizations, to share information to gain efficiencies across an industry.
In permissioned blockchains, a consortium of organizations are responsible for authenticating and controlling the participants in a blockchain. In public blockchains, no central authority or administration is required to exchange data. Blockchains can drive business innovation through controlled data-sharing networks for industry consortiums.
The promise of distributed ledger technologies (DLT) to simplify and automate key work functions has many industries taking notice. Businesses recognize the efficiency gains from transitioning from closed and proprietary solutions to standard open source capabilities, such as Hyperledger business blockchain technologies. Several common project features of blockchain applications are taking shape as the technology matures.
There are certain factors to consider when evaluating blockchain distributed ledger technology for your business. How many participants are in your system? What is the geographical distribution of the participants? What sort of performance requirements do you have? Defining the rules, risks, and responsibilities of each party in your blockchain system is useful as you consider transferring a database to a decentralized environment such as one of the Hyperledger frameworks. Blockchain is best suited for business applications where one or more of the following conditions apply:
Blockchain technology is a powerful tool, but it is not always the right tool for the job at hand. If you are contemplating using blockchain technology, be sure to evaluate the problem fully. The following conditions are not currently well suited to blockchain-based solutions:
You have to have the following features installed on your computer: cURL, Node.js, npm package manager, Go Language, Docker, and Docker Compose, and, if you are a Windows user, VirtualBox.
Fast solution:
Hyperledger Iroha is a blockchain framework, and one of the Hyperledger projects hosted by The Linux Foundation. Hyperledger Iroha is designed to be simple and easy to incorporate into infrastructure projects requiring distributed ledger technology. Hyperledger Iroha features a simple construction, modern, domain-driven C++ design, emphasis on mobile application development, and the YAC consensus algorithm.
The components are:
Step 1: A client creates and sends a transaction to the Torii gate, which routes the transaction to a peer that is responsible for performing stateless validation.
Step 2: After the peer performs stateless validation, the transaction is first sent to the ordering gate, which is responsible for choosing the right strategy of connection to the ordering service.
Step 3: The ordering service puts transactions into order and forwards them to peers in the consensus network in the form of proposals. A proposal is an unsigned block shared by the ordering service, that contains a batch of ordered transactions. Proposals are only forwarded when the ordering service has accumulated enough transactions, or a certain amount of time has elapsed since the last proposal. This prevents the ordering service from sending empty proposals.
Step 4: Each peer verifies the proposal’s contents (stateful validation) in the Simulator and creates a block which consists only of verified transactions. This block is then sent to the consensus gate which performs YAC consensus logic.
Step 5: An ordered list of peers is determined, and a leader is elected based on the YAC consensus logic. Each peer casts a vote by signing and sending their proposed block to the leader.
Step 6: If the leader receives enough signed proposed blocks (i.e. more than two thirds of the peers), then it starts to send a commit message, indicating that this block should be applied to the chain of each peer participating in the consensus. Once the commit message has been sent, the proposed block becomes the next block in the chain of every peer via the synchronizer.
Step 1: The ordering service shares a proposal to all peers. A proposal is an unsigned block created and shared to peers in the network by the ordering service. It contains a batch of ordered transactions.
Step 2: Peers calculate the hash of a verified proposal and sign it. The resulting < Hash, Signature> tuple is called a vote.
Step 3: Based on the hashes created in the previous step, each peer computes an ordering list or order of peers. To do this, the ordering function will need to have knowledge of all the peers voting in the network, and is based on the hash of the proposed block. The first peer in the list is called the leader. The leader is responsible for collecting votes from other peers and sending the commit message.
Step 4: Each peer votes. The leader collects all the votes and determines the supermajority of votes for a certain hash. The leader sends a commit message that contains the votes of the committing block. This response is called a commit.
Step 5: After receiving the commit, the peers verify the commit and apply the block to the ledger. At this point, consensus is complete.
One of the main goals at Hyperledger in the future is to have less disjointed projects, and more libraries that can be used together as components. With that vision in mind, Hyperledger Iroha wants to eventually provide the following C++ components that can be used by other Hyperledger projects:
Transaction validators validate transactions.
Transaction families are smart contracts in Hyperledger Sawtooth. They define the operations that can be applied to transactions. Transaction families consist of both transaction processors (the server-side logic) and clients (for use from Web or mobile applications).
Transaction processor is the server-side business logic of transaction families that acts upon network assets.
Transaction batches are clusters of transactions that are either all committed to state or are all not committed to state.
The network layer is responsible for communicating between validators in a Hyperledger Sawtooth network, including performing initial connectivity, peer discovery, and message handling.
Global state contains the current state of the ledger and a chain of transaction invocations. The state for all transaction families is represented on each validator. The process of block validation on each validator ensures that the same transactions result in the same state transitions, and that the resulting data is the same for all participants in the network. The state is split into namespaces, which allow flexibility for transaction family authors to define, share, and reuse global state data between transaction processors.
After a batch of many transactions is submitted to the network, the network’s consensus algorithm is run to choose a node to publish the transaction block. By default, the Proof of Elapsed Time consensus algorithm is used, and the transaction validator with the shortest wait time publishes the transaction block. The transaction block is then broadcast to the publishing nodes.
Each node within the network receives the transaction block, and validators verify whether the transaction is valid or not. If the transaction is validated, the global state is updated.
Hyperledger Sawtooth is unique because of its distributed state agreement, whereby every node in the system has the same understanding of information, and, as the supply chain matures, the data stored remains consistent across the network.
Hyperledger Sawtooth transaction batches are clusters of transactions that are either all committed to state together, or none of the transactions are committed at all. As a result, transaction batches are often described as an atomic unit of change, since a group of transactions are treated as one, and are committed to the state as one. Every single transaction in Hyperledger Sawtooth is submitted within a batch. Batches can contain as little as a single transaction.
When a transaction is created by a client, the batch is submitted to the validator (which we will cover more in depth in the next section). Transactions are organized into a batch in the order they are intended to be committed. The validator then, in turn, applies each transaction within the batch, leading to a change in the global state. The batch is committed to the state. If one transaction within the batch is invalid, then none of the transactions within that batch are committed.
In summary, transaction batching allows a group of transactions to be applied in a specific order, and if any are invalid, then none of the transactions are applied. This is a powerful tool that can be utilized by many enterprise solutions, as it provides greater efficiency and control for end users.
In any blockchain network, modifying the global state requires creating and applying a transaction. In Hyperledger Sawtooth, validators apply blocks that cause a change in the state. More specifically, validators validate transaction blocks, and ensure that transactions result in state changes that are consistent across all participants in the network.
To start, a user creates a transaction batch and submits it to a validator via a client and REST API. The validator then checks the transaction batch and applies it if it is considered valid, resulting in a change to the state. In terms of our demonstrated scenario, Sarah, the fisherman, creates a transaction batch to record information about a group of tuna catches. The validator would then apply the transactions, and the state would be updated if all appropriate attributes are present: a unique ID number, location and time of the catch, weight, and who caught the fish. If any of these elements are missing, the transactions within the batch would not be applied, and the state would not be updated.
In Hyperledger Sawtooth, the journal maintains and extends the blockchain for the validator. It is responsible for validating candidate blocks, evaluating valid blocks to determine if they are the correct chain head, and generating new blocks to extend the chain. Transaction batches arrive at the journal, where they are evaluated, validated, and added to the blockchain. Additionally, the journal resolves forks, which occur due to disagreements over who commits a block. Once blocks are completed, they are delivered to the ChainController for validation and fork resolution.
Consensus in Hyperledger Sawtooth is modular, meaning that the consensus algorithm can be easily modified. Hyperledger Sawtooth provides an abstract interface that supports both PBFT and Nakamoto-style algorithms. To implement a new consensus algorithm in Hyperledger Sawtooth, you must implement the distinct interface for: block publisher, block verifier, and fork resolution.
As with any blockchain framework, transaction updates need to be approved and shared between many untrusted parties. As such, many blockchain frameworks have a mechanism for supporting distributed ledgers, as well as a method for changing the state of the shared ledger.
In Hyperledger Sawtooth, the data model that captures the state and the transaction language that changes the state are implemented using transaction families.
A transaction family consists of a group of operations or transaction types that are allowed on the shared ledgers. This allows for flexibility in the level of versatility and risk that exists on a network. Transaction families are often called 'safer' smart contracts, because they specify a predefined set of acceptable smart contract templates, as opposed to programming smart contracts from scratch.
Hyperledger Sawtooth’s transaction families can be written in many languages, including Javascript, Java, C++, Python, and Go, which allows flexibility for businesses to bring their own transaction families. Hyperledger Sawtooth allows the developers to specify the address/namespace of data, which provides flexibility in defining, sharing, and reusing data between different transaction families.
A transaction processor provides the server-side business logic that operates on assets within a network. Hyperledger Sawtooth supports pluggable transaction processors, that are customizable based on the specific application. Businesses are able to develop transaction processors that do exactly what their applications need. Additionally, transaction processors can be written in a variety of languages (Java, Python, C, C++, JavaScript, and Go), allowing for ease of use and simplicity when handling assets.
Each node within the Hyperledger Sawtooth network runs a transaction processor. This transaction processor processes incoming transactions submitted by authorized clients. In Hyperledger Sawtooth, the Sawtooth SDK allows programmers to focus on developing application logic, as opposed to building communication mechanisms between transaction processors.
Hyperledger Sawtooth organizations run a node that interacts with the Hyperledger Sawtooth network. Each node runs at least three things:
Each organization that enters the Hyperledger Sawtooth network runs at least one node, and receives transactions submitted by fellow nodes.
There are three different types of roles within a Hyperledger Fabric network:
Clients
Clients are applications that act on behalf of a person to propose transactions on the network.
Peers
Peers maintain the state of the network and a copy of the ledger. There are two different types of peers: endorsing and committing peers. However, there is an overlap between endorsing and committing peers, in that endorsing peers are a special kind of committing peers.
Ordering Service
The ordering service accepts endorsed transactions, orders them into a block, and delivers the blocks to the committing peers.
In Hyperledger Fabric, consensus is made up of three distinct steps:
These three steps ensure the policies of a network are upheld.
Step 1: Within a Hyperledger Fabric network, transactions start out with client applications sending transaction proposals, or, in other words, proposing a transaction to endorsing peers.
Client applications are commonly referred to as applications or clients, and allow people to communicate with the blockchain network.
Step 2: Each endorsing peer simulates the proposed transaction, without updating the ledger. The endorsing peers will capture the set of R ead and W ritten data, called RW Sets. These RW sets capture what was read from the current world state while simulating the transaction, as well as what would have been written to the world state had the transaction been executed. These RW sets are then signed by the endorsing peer, and returned to the client application to be used in future steps of the transaction flow.
Step 4: The ordering service takes the endorsed transactions and RW sets, orders this information into a block, and delivers the block to all committing peers.
The ordering service, which is made up of a cluster of orderers, does not process transactions, smart contracts, or maintains the shared ledger. The ordering service accepts the endorsed transactions and specifies the order in which those transactions will be committed to the ledger. The Fabric v1.0 architecture has been designed such that the specific implementation of 'ordering' (Solo, Kafka, BFT) becomes a pluggable component. The default ordering service for Hyperledger Fabric is Kafka. Therefore, the ordering service is a modular component of Hyperledger Fabric.
Step 5: The committing peer validates the transaction by checking to make sure that the RW sets still match the current world state. Specifically, that the Read data that existed when the endorsers simulated the transaction is identical to the current world state. When the committing peer validates the transaction, the transaction is written to the ledger, and the world state is updated with the Write data from the RW Set.
If the transaction fails, that is, if the committing peer finds that the RW set does not match the current world state, the transaction ordered into a block will still be included in that block, but it will be marked as invalid, and the world state will not be updated.
Committing peers are responsible for adding blocks of transactions to the shared ledger and updating the world state. They may hold smart contracts, but it is not a requirement.
Step 6: Lastly, the committing peers asynchronously notify the client application of the success or failure of the transaction. Applications will be notified by each committing peer.
Summary:
Endorsing peers verify the client signature, and execute a chaincode function to simulate the transaction. The output is the chaincode results, a set of key/value versions that were read in the chaincode (Read set), and the set of keys/values that were written by the chaincode. The proposal response gets sent back to the client, along with an endorsement signature. These proposal responses are sent to the orderer to be ordered. The orderer then orders the transactions into a block, which it forwards to the endorsing and committing peers. The RW sets are used to verify that the transactions are still valid before the content of the ledger and world state is updated. Finally, the peers asynchronously notify the client application of the success or failure of the transaction.
A transaction endorsement is a signed response to the results of the simulated transaction. The method of transaction endorsements depends on the endorsement policy which is specified when the chaincode is deployed. An example of an endorsement policy would be "the majority of the endorsing peers must endorse the transaction". Since an endorsement policy is specified for a specific chaincode, different channels can have different endorsement policies.
In a blockchain network, transactions have to be written to the shared ledger in a consistent order. The order of transactions has to be established to ensure that the updates to the world state are valid when they are committed to the network. Unlike the Bitcoin blockchain, where ordering occurs through the solving of a cryptographic puzzle, or mining, Hyperledger Fabric allows the organizations running the network to choose the ordering mechanism that best suits that network. This modularity and flexibility makes Hyperledger Fabric incredibly advantageous for enterprise applications.
Hyperledger Fabric provides three ordering mechanisms: SOLO, Kafka, and Simplified Byzantine Fault Tolerance (SBFT), the latter of which has not yet been implemented in Fabric v1.0.
In addition to the multitude of endorsement, validity, and versioning checks that take place, there are also ongoing identity verifications happening during each step of the transaction flow. Access control lists are implemented on the hierarchical layers of the network (from the ordering service down to channels), and payloads are repeatedly signed, verified, and authenticated as a transaction proposal passes through the different architectural components.
Channels allow organizations to utilize the same network, while maintaining separation between multiple blockchains. Only the members of the channel on which the transaction was performed can see the specifics of the transaction. In other words, channels partition the network in order to allow transaction visibility for stakeholders only. This mechanism works by delegating transactions to different ledgers. Only the members of the channel are involved in consensus, while other members of the network do not see the transactions on the channel.
Peers can belong to multiple networks or channels. Peers that do participate in multiple channels simulate and commit transactions to different ledgers. The ordering service is the same across any network or channel.
A few things to remember:
Smart contracts are computer programs that contain logic to execute transactions and modify the state of the assets stored within the ledger. Hyperledger Fabric smart contracts are called chaincode and are written in Go. The chaincode serves as the business logic for a Hyperledger Fabric network, in that the chaincode directs how you manipulate assets within the network.
There are two ways to develop smart contracts with Hyperledger Fabric:
When creating a chaincode, there are two methods that you will need to implement:
As a developer, you must create both an Init and an Invoke method within your chaincode. The chaincode must be installed using the peer chaincode install command, and instantiated using the peer chaincode instantiate command before the chaincode can be invoked. Then, transactions can be created using the peer chaincode invoke or peer chaincode query commands.


Cisco-IOS-XR-snmp-sensormib-oper API API Reference
API generated from<EMAIL_ADDRESS>API Endpoint
http://{Controller-IP}:{Controller-Port}/restconf/operational/network-topology:network-topology/topology/topology-netconf/node/{{router}}/yang-ext:mount/
URL '/' code: %2F
Schemes: http
Version: 1.0.0
Paths
SENSOR-MIB - Retrieve
Retrieve operation of resource: sensor-mib
200 OK
Successful operation
400 Bad Request
Internal Error
Response Content-Types: application/json
Response Example (200 OK)
{
"sensor-mib": {SNMP sensor MIB information
"ent-phy-indexes": {List of physical index
"ent-phy-index": [No description
{
"field-validity-bitmap": "integer", Sensor valid bitmap
"index": "string", Physical index
"scale": "integer", Sensor scale enums
"device-description": "string", Device Name
"device-id": "integer", Identifier for this device
"measured-entity": "integer", physical entity for which the sensor is taking\nmeasurements
"precision": "integer", Sensor precision range
"value": "integer", Current reading of sensor
"alarm-type": "integer", Indicates threshold violation
"status": "integer", Sensor operation state enums
"age-time-stamp": "integer", Age of the sensor value; set to the current time\nif directly access the value from sensor
"update-rate": "integer", Sensor value update rate;set to 0 if sensor\nvalue is updated and evaluated immediately
"units": "string", Units of variable being read
"data-type": "integer" Sensor data type enums
}
]
},
"physical-indexes": {List of physical index table for threshold\nvalue
"physical-index": [No description
{
"index": "string", Physical index
"threshold-indexes": {List of threshold index
"threshold-index": [No description
{
"threshold-value": "integer", Value of the configured threshold
"threshold-notification-enabled": "boolean", Indicates whether or not a notification should\nresult, in case of threshold violation
"phy-index": "string", Physical Index
"threshold-severity": "integer", Indicates minor, major, critical severities
"threshold-evaluation": "boolean", Indicates the result of the most recent\nevaluation of the thresholD
"threshold-relation": "integer", Indicates relation between sensor value and\nthreshold
"thre-index": "string" Threshold index
}
]
}
}
]
}
}
}
PHYSICAL-INDEXES - Retrieve
Retrieve operation of resource: physical-indexes
200 OK
Successful operation
400 Bad Request
Internal Error
Response Content-Types: application/json
Response Example (200 OK)
{
"physical-indexes": {List of physical index table for threshold\nvalue
"physical-index": [No description
{
"index": "string", Physical index
"threshold-indexes": {List of threshold index
"threshold-index": [No description
{
"threshold-value": "integer", Value of the configured threshold
"threshold-notification-enabled": "boolean", Indicates whether or not a notification should\nresult, in case of threshold violation
"phy-index": "string", Physical Index
"threshold-severity": "integer", Indicates minor, major, critical severities
"threshold-evaluation": "boolean", Indicates the result of the most recent\nevaluation of the thresholD
"threshold-relation": "integer", Indicates relation between sensor value and\nthreshold
"thre-index": "string" Threshold index
}
]
}
}
]
}
}
PHYSICAL-INDEX - Retrieve
Retrieve operation of resource: physical-index
index:
string
in path
ID of index
200 OK
Successful operation
400 Bad Request
Internal Error
Response Content-Types: application/json
Response Example (200 OK)
{
"physical-index": {No description
"index": "string", Physical index
"threshold-indexes": {List of threshold index
"threshold-index": [No description
{
"threshold-value": "integer", Value of the configured threshold
"threshold-notification-enabled": "boolean", Indicates whether or not a notification should\nresult, in case of threshold violation
"phy-index": "string", Physical Index
"threshold-severity": "integer", Indicates minor, major, critical severities
"threshold-evaluation": "boolean", Indicates the result of the most recent\nevaluation of the thresholD
"threshold-relation": "integer", Indicates relation between sensor value and\nthreshold
"thre-index": "string" Threshold index
}
]
}
}
}
THRESHOLD-INDEXES - Retrieve
Retrieve operation of resource: threshold-indexes
index:
string
in path
ID of index
200 OK
Successful operation
400 Bad Request
Internal Error
Response Content-Types: application/json
Response Example (200 OK)
{
"threshold-indexes": {List of threshold index
"threshold-index": [No description
{
"threshold-value": "integer", Value of the configured threshold
"threshold-notification-enabled": "boolean", Indicates whether or not a notification should\nresult, in case of threshold violation
"phy-index": "string", Physical Index
"threshold-severity": "integer", Indicates minor, major, critical severities
"threshold-evaluation": "boolean", Indicates the result of the most recent\nevaluation of the thresholD
"threshold-relation": "integer", Indicates relation between sensor value and\nthreshold
"thre-index": "string" Threshold index
}
]
}
}
THRESHOLD-INDEX - Retrieve
Retrieve operation of resource: threshold-index
index:
string
in path
ID of index
200 OK
Successful operation
400 Bad Request
Internal Error
Response Content-Types: application/json
Response Example (200 OK)
{
"threshold-index": {No description
"threshold-value": "integer", Value of the configured threshold
"threshold-notification-enabled": "boolean", Indicates whether or not a notification should\nresult, in case of threshold violation
"phy-index": "string", Physical Index
"threshold-severity": "integer", Indicates minor, major, critical severities
"threshold-evaluation": "boolean", Indicates the result of the most recent\nevaluation of the thresholD
"threshold-relation": "integer", Indicates relation between sensor value and\nthreshold
"thre-index": "string" Threshold index
}
}
ENT-PHY-INDEXES - Retrieve
Retrieve operation of resource: ent-phy-indexes
200 OK
Successful operation
400 Bad Request
Internal Error
Response Content-Types: application/json
Response Example (200 OK)
{
"ent-phy-indexes": {List of physical index
"ent-phy-index": [No description
{
"field-validity-bitmap": "integer", Sensor valid bitmap
"index": "string", Physical index
"scale": "integer", Sensor scale enums
"device-description": "string", Device Name
"device-id": "integer", Identifier for this device
"measured-entity": "integer", physical entity for which the sensor is taking\nmeasurements
"precision": "integer", Sensor precision range
"value": "integer", Current reading of sensor
"alarm-type": "integer", Indicates threshold violation
"status": "integer", Sensor operation state enums
"age-time-stamp": "integer", Age of the sensor value; set to the current time\nif directly access the value from sensor
"update-rate": "integer", Sensor value update rate;set to 0 if sensor\nvalue is updated and evaluated immediately
"units": "string", Units of variable being read
"data-type": "integer" Sensor data type enums
}
]
}
}
ENT-PHY-INDEX - Retrieve
Retrieve operation of resource: ent-phy-index
index:
string
in path
ID of index
200 OK
Successful operation
400 Bad Request
Internal Error
Response Content-Types: application/json
Response Example (200 OK)
{
"ent-phy-index": {No description
"field-validity-bitmap": "integer", Sensor valid bitmap
"index": "string", Physical index
"scale": "integer", Sensor scale enums
"device-description": "string", Device Name
"device-id": "integer", Identifier for this device
"measured-entity": "integer", physical entity for which the sensor is taking\nmeasurements
"precision": "integer", Sensor precision range
"value": "integer", Current reading of sensor
"alarm-type": "integer", Indicates threshold violation
"status": "integer", Sensor operation state enums
"age-time-stamp": "integer", Age of the sensor value; set to the current time\nif directly access the value from sensor
"update-rate": "integer", Sensor value update rate;set to 0 if sensor\nvalue is updated and evaluated immediately
"units": "string", Units of variable being read
"data-type": "integer" Sensor data type enums
}
}


Occupy Wall Street. Arab Spring. Greek Riots. We’ve been experiencing a great crisis of representation these past decades, regardless of our location, ethnicity or culture. The political system insists in excluding most of us from the spaces where the decisions are made that impact our lives. The internet has changed everything: the way we share and consume culture, how we engage in commerce, and how we communicate with others. But the internet has failed to change in one key area of our lives: politics. Democracy is in great need of a serious upgrade.
We are working on a user-friendly, open-source, vote and debate tool, crafted for parliaments, parties and decision-making institutions that will allow citizens to get informed, join the conversation and vote on topics, just how they want their representatives to vote. A tool that will transform the noise we create during protests into a signal that has a clear, direct and strong impact on the political system. Our vision is that DemocracyOS will become the operating system of a more open and participatory government. Live Demo for the City of Buenos Aires.
We're about to start a Kickstarter to seek funding for our mission. Join Us.
* We do not send spam. We will e-mail you once, notifying you when the Kickstarter is launched, and then you can opt-out of future e-mails, if you like.
Behind the project there's a group of 40+ millennials; young entrepreneurs and active enthusiasts,
software engineers, artists, political and social scientists, and educators. All aligned for a
a common purpose: to stop choosing between pre-set options and take part in designing new options.
The balance between coders and social scientists is key, because we are building technology with meaning: building an internet democracy.
We presented DemocracyOS at the World Economic Forum, the World Justice Forum and TED.
Check out those videos and learn more about our story on our blog!
DemocracyOS has a much more user friendly interface, especially in terms of data visualization and browsing. It is a two-way platform: bottom-up (citizens can present projects to be debated) and top-down (the representative presents for debate those bills currently in debate in Congress). DemocracyOS has three basic actions: "get informed," "join the conversation," and "vote."
We’ve built the initial 20% of the software—the basic, initial architecture and front end. We are working on a law markup language for legislative data. (That is, a data structure standard to incorporate data scraped from legislative sources around the word. The goal is to build an LML to be read by DemocracyOS as well as other apps that accept this open standard.) Finally, we have a tested initial prototype.
For us to build a stable version, in multiple languages, with mobile support and a RESTful API, we'll need at least one year of development, with an experienced team of 5–7 people, working full-time.
It should be similar to installing WordPress. We will provide content (videos, tutorials) so that ideally anyone can setup DemocracyOS.
We will also be building a self-setup mechanism for those of you who just can't wait.
As a part of the project’s financial sustainability plan, we provide consulting services, training, support and adaptations. DOS can be used by public or private organisations.
Of course! Although currently there's no customization module available, since DOS is licensed under MIT, anyone can download/clone it and modify it suiting their needs while respecting the license.
Firstly in English and Spanish, we will be incorporating translations as we progress.
We share the philosophy behind Kickstarter, we want to crowdfund our project. We want to take the software to the next level and we need support to make it happen.
Crowdfunding DOS will help us hire programmers and hosting to build a stable and scalable product that contemplates a vast number of users. Secondly, we want to carry out actions that allow us to build an enthusiast community of citizens participating regularly.
Users must provide both an online identity (twitter, facebook, email) and a legal identity (drivers license, ID card, passport) and then get validated by at least six other validated users. We are also looking into mechanisms such as, personally knowing at least one validated user or visiting in person with your ID Card to obtain a user name.
A system's security depends as much on its code as the platform on which that code is executed. DemocracyOS is open source and under MIT licence. This is why we invite all programmers and hackers to collaborate in the information security building process. Also, it will allow for any implementation to extend its code to the conditions it deems necessary. Every interaction inside DemocracyOS is registered and an alert mechanism will be put in place to detect bugs as well as unwanted interventions and correct them.
Technically, DemocracyOS is conceived to be independent from the operating system, hence an implementation’s security will be subject to the security measures its environment provides. DemocracyOS guarantees the transparent and safe functioning of the platform but can also be empowered by the security arrangements each implementation chooses.
If someone feels they are not sufficiently informed to cast a vote on certain topic, he/she can choose another citizen as their proxy on a that particular topic (tag). We’ve put in place an alert system that informs those who have proxy voters, how the proxy will vote and thus the user can then confirm or pull back their delegation and cast a vote directly (the default setting for no-action is confirmation). Proxy delegates are allowed to delegate their vote (and therefore those votes delegated to them) on someone else for that same tag.
You can always take back that delegation, anytime.
DemocracyOS is built on HTML5 and is responsive-ready, so it works on most mobile browsers out of the box. Please report a bug if you find it not to work on your device!
There are going to be settings at the user level and proposal level. Notifications will be sent for every update or a report every certain period of time.
We're currently seeking topical experts, students and enthusiasts to help out and take action with us. If you feel you can help by spreading the word, doing some press or simply by giving feedback or mentoring our current beta, don't hesitate in contacting us. We're all ears!


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Welcome to our page!
In the future, we'll try to set up an email list to notify you of major updates, but for now, please enter your name to be personally greeted on our page!


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