| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| length | return capacity of the string |
| count | return number of true symbols and spaces except ending spaces |
| truncate | reduce the capacity of the string to specified dimension |
| fill | replace all characters in string with same periodic characters |
| erase | erase all characters in a string and replace them with spaces |
| find | search one sub-string in string |
| replace | replace a sub-string in a string with another |
| parse | convert a string in number |
| trim | remove spaces from start and end of a string |
| left | remove all spaces from left making string to align left |
| right | remove all spaces at the right making string to align right |
| center | move string in the middle of capacity and adding spaces left and right |
| indent | increase string count to specified length adding spaces to the left |
| pad | increase string count to specified length adding spaces to the right |
In computer programming, standard streams are read and write communication channels between computer program and its environment. The three I/O connections are called standard read (stdin), standard write (stdout) and standard error (stderr). These channels are connected to the program when program starts.
When a program is executed via an interactive shell, the streams are typically connected to the text terminal on which the shell is running, but can be changed with redirection, using a pipeline.
Standard read is stream data (often text) going into a program. The program request data transfers by use of the read operation. Not all programs require stream read. A program may take command-line arguments, but perform their operations without any stream data read.
Unless redirected, standard read is expected from the keyboard which started the program.
read statement Developer can create a program that ask for user to enter values from keyboard.
The read statement can output a text then wait until user type the text and press enter.
Function read declaration
read (String: prompt) => String;
process
new v := ""; -- empty string
read (v, "input v:");
write ("you entered:",v);
return;
This is the stream where a program writes its write data. The program request data transfer with the write operation. Not all programs generate write. In this the program is silent.
Unless redirected, standard write is the text terminal which initiated the program.
** Function write() ** This function send a string to standard write as it is. This will help developers to make dynamic write. Is user responsibility to make a line break using an escape \n or \r inside the string parameter.
** standard method write
method write(String * args, Logic:eol=True, String:sep=" "):
...
return;
parameters:
write sting can contain an escaped end of line character.
\LF is LF
\CRLF is CR+LF
write function support only strings. It can not print anything else. Therefore developer must make a conversion to a string before sending the value to write.
Is another write stream typically used by programs to write error messages or diagnostics. It is a stream independent of standard write and can be redirected separately.
Usage
It is normal for standard write and standard error to be directed to the same destination, such as the text terminal. Messages appear in the same order as the program writes them, unless buffering is involved.
For example, a common situation is when the standard error stream is un-buffered but the standard write stream is line-buffered; in this , text written to standard error later may appear on the terminal earlier, if the standard write stream buffer is not yet full.
Redirect
The usual destination is the text terminal which started the program to provide the best chance of being seen even if standard write is redirected (so not readily observed). For example, write of a program in a pipeline is redirected to read of the next program, but errors from each program still go directly to the text terminal.
** example of collection iteration
module test_error:
set this = ('a','b','c','d','e') :List;
process main
cycle:
new i = 0 :Integer ;
new e :Symbol;
while i < this.length() loop
let e := this[i];
let i += 1;
if e >= 'c' then
write e ;
write ',' if e is not this.tail;
done;
else
write ("i = ", i);
repeat;
print;
return;
Read next: Shell command


Controls screen updating while a macro is running. If a large macro uses many commands that update the screen, use ECHO to make the macro run faster.
Syntax
ECHO(logical)
Logical is a logical value specifying whether screen updating is on or off.
If logical is TRUE, Microsoft Excel selects screen updating.
If logical is FALSE, Microsoft Excel clears screen updating.
If logical is omitted, Microsoft Excel changes the current screen update condition.
Remarks
Screen updating is always turned back on when a macro ends.
You can use GET.WORKSPACE to determine whether screen updating is on or off.
Related Function
GET.WORKSPACE Returns information about the workspace
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