CollectionProperty
Extends:
CollectionProperty
provides a standard means for accessing remote data and was inspired by
Backbone collections. The protocol for interacting with
the data source is delegated to an endpoint so the same application logic can work with data from
a RESTful api, graphql, local test data, or even an in-browser database like localforage. F.lux
ships with support for two endpoints, RestEndpointProperty and PojoEndpointProperty.
F.lux ships with a example using collections in a todo application utilizing an in memory data source. The example uses a local data source to make setup dead simple while still demonstrating the basic features of creating and interacting with collections.
Basic operations
add(state, mergeOp)
all()
clear()

create(model)

destroy(id)

fetch(filter, mergeOp)

find(id)

get(id)

has(id)

remove(id)`
Utility functions
entries()
every(iteratee, context)
filter(iteratee, context)
groupBy(callback, context)
keys()
map(iteratee, context)
reduce(iteratee, acc, context)
some(iteratee, context)
sortBy(...iteratee)
values()
Model access
Properties managed by a collection receive an f.lux accessor ($()
) with additional
capabilities related to the collection. The accessor class is $ShadowModelAccess.
collection()
- gets the Collection managing this modeldestroy()
- permanently deletes the model from the collection using CollectionProperty#destroyid()
- gets the ID used by the data source for tracking the modelisWaiting()
- is a network operation in progress associated with this modelisDirty()
- has the model been modified since it was last saved/retrievedisNew()
- gets whether the model has yet to be written to the collection's endpointremove()
- removes the model from the collection using CollectionProperty#removesave()
- save the model using CollectionProperty#save
Paging
The collection provides redimentary paging support for potentially large collections. The
current implementation simply grows the collection size wtih each call to fetchNext()
and does not make any efforts to remove previous models. (A likely future enhancement)
fetchNext()
- gets the next group of modelsisPaging()
- gets if a paging request is outstanding (only one paging request per collection allowed at one time)hasMorePages()
- does the endpoint have additional modelsnextOffset()
- gets the offset for the next paging requestresetPaging()
- resets the internal paging variablessetLimit()
- change the number of models requested with eachfetchNext()
request
Endpoints
Collections represent a protocol independent means of managing persistent models that exist outside the application state. Endpoints implement the protocol connection to the data source. F.lux endpoints have been implemented for RESTful server apis, in-memory, GraphQL, Sqlite, and Couchbase. F.lux ships with support for RESTful servers and in-memory.
A simple, explicit example of creating a collection and assigning an endpoint:
const rootProperty = store.root();
const collection = new CollectionProperty(colType);
const ep = new RestEndpointProperty.createFor("http://some-url.com/an-api");
collection.setEndpoint(ep);
root._keyed.addProperty("aCollection", collection);
The Todo Collection Example demonstrates a more typical example of setting up a collection.
Query filters
Collection models are retrieved in full using CollectionProperty#fetch that has the following signature:
fetch(filter=null, mergeOp=REPLACE_OPTION, replaceAll=true)
where:
filter
- a query filter object ornull
for no endpoint filteringmergeOp
- one ofDEFAULTS_OPTION
,MERGE_OPTION
, orREPLACE_OPTION
and specifies how to combine an existing model with a matching ID with a newly retrieved model.replaceAll
- a boolean wheretrue
means replace the current colleciton models with the returned models.
The filter
parameter is a specialized object generated by the endpoint method queryBuilder()
.
A query builder is specialized to the endpoint and expose the following methods:
equals(name, value)
gt(name, value)
gte(name, value)
lt(name, value)
lte(name, value)
An example of using a query builder is:
const qb = colleciton.endpoint.queryBuilder();
qb.equals("name", "fred");
collection.fetch(qb);
Errors
Methods utilizing the collection endpoint are asynchronous and return a Promise
. Errors generated
during an endpoint operation reject using an Error
with several specialized properties:
status
- an HTTP status code for the error typeendpointError
- the error object generated by the endpoint
Auto-checkpointing
The Property
class supports checkpointing state that can be reset at a later time using
Property#resetToCheckpoint. Collections support setting an 'auto-checkpoint' flag
that will result in managed models automatically setting a checkpoint on change. This handy
for situations like a 'Cancel' button on a form where all changes need to be undone. The
checkpoints are automatically cleared when a model is saved.
isAutocheckpoint()
setAutocheckpoint(auto)
Middleware
A middleware operation is invoked before each asynchronous/network operation involving the endpoint. Middleware operations are functions with the following format
function middleware(collectionShadow, collectionProperty, op): Promise
Middleware functions must return a Promise
and are invoked in the order registered. A function
generating an error will terminate the middleware chain and the collection operation will not
be performed.
CreateOp
- invoked prior to create rquestsDestroyOp
- invoked prior to destroy rquestsFetchOp
- invoked prior to fetch rquestsFindOp
- invoked prior to find rquestsUpdateOp
- invoked prior to update rquests- `` -
Events
A colleciton is an Event Emitter and generates the following events:
ChangeEvent
- collection changesDeletedEvent
- collection destroy() successFetchedEvent
- collection fetch() successFoundEvent
- collection find() successErrorEvent
- error during an operationSavedEvent
- collection save() success
Events are can be utilized to handle authorization errors, offline support, logging, or debugging tools.
Static Method Summary
| Static Public Methods | ||
| public static |
createClass(shadowType: Object | CollectionShadow, typeCallback: function(type: StateType), initialState: Object): ObjectProperty Factory function for creating an |
|
| public static |
defineType(PropClass: CollectionShadow, ShadowType: Object | CollectionShadow, typeCallback: function(type: StateType), initialState: Object): * Factory function for setting up the StateType |
Constructor Summary
| Public Constructor | ||
| public |
constructor(stateType: *) |
Member Summary
| Public Members | ||
| public get |
Gets the endpoint for accessing the remote data source. |
|
| public get |
endpointId: string: * Gets the endpoint ID, which for RestEndpointProperty is its URL. |
|
| public |
pagingTime: * |
|
| public get |
size: * Gets the number of models contained in the collection. |
Method Summary
| Public Methods | ||
| public |
Synchronously adds a new model object to the collection. |
|
| public |
Bulk adds multiple models. |
|
| public |
clean(json: *): * |
|
| public |
Removes the endpoint from the collection. |
|
| public |
Combines an CollectionProperty#add and CollectionProperty#save actions. |
|
| public |
Permantently deletes the model with the endpoint and removes it from the collection. |
|
| public |
extractId(model: *): * Used by the private _shadow() method to get the id from the model JSON representation as returned by the subclass doXXX() apis. |
|
| public |
Fetches all the models from the endpoint. |
|
| public |
Fetches the next set of models from the endpoint. |
|
| public |
Gets a model by ID. |
|
| public |
Gets a model by ID. |
|
| public |
this method is experimental.
Gets an object capable of providing a persisted version of this collection. |
|
| public |
Gets if the collection contains a matching model. |
|
| public |
hasMorePages(state: *): * Gets if additional paging calls will return additional results. |
|
| public |
Sets whether auto-checkpointing is enabled. |
|
| public |
isConnected(): * Gets if the collection is active (has a shadow) and an endpoint. |
|
| public |
isFetching(): * Gets if a fetching operation that will replace ALL models is in progress. |
|
| public |
isNew(id: *): * Gets if a model has never been persisted to the endpoint. |
|
| public |
isNewModel(shadow: *): * Gets if a model shadow state model represents a model that has never been persisted to the endpoint. |
|
| public |
isPaging(state: *): * Gets if a paging operation (CollectionProperty#fetchNext) call is in progress. |
|
| public |
|
|
| public |
modelEntries(state: *): Array Gets an iterator with [ID, model] paris. |
|
| public |
modelKeys(state: *): Iterator Gets an iterator containing each model IDs. |
|
| public |
modelKeysArray(state: *): Array Gets an array containing each model iDs. |
|
| public |
modelValues(state: *): Iterator Gets an iterator containing each f.lux shadow state model. |
|
| public |
modelsArray(state: *): array Gets the shadow models currently managed by the collection. |
|
| public |
nextOffset(): * Gets the offset for the next paging request. |
|
| public |
remove(id: *) Synchronously removes the model from the collection without performing an endpoint operation. |
|
| public |
Removes all models from the collection and marks the collection as having not synched with the endpoint. |
|
| public |
Resets all internal paging tracking variables but does not affect currently stored models. |
|
| public |
Saves a model through the endpoint. |
|
| public |
setAutocheckpoint(auto: boolean) Sets whether auto-checkpointing should be enabled. |
|
| public |
setEndpoint(endPoint: *) Sets the CollectionProperty#endpoint. |
|
| public |
setIdName(idName: *) Sets the property name containing the model ID. |
|
| public |
Sets the number of models to request with each paging request. |
|
| public |
Bulk replaces current models with an array of new models. |
|
| public |
setOfflineState(offline: Object) this method is experimental.
Sets an object capable of providing a persisted version of this collection. |
|
| public |
use(op: *, mw: *) Registers collection middleware operation. |
Inherited Summary
| From class Property | ||
| public |
|
|
| public |
|
|
| public |
|
|
| public |
[_checkpoint]: {"data": *} |
|
| public |
[_impl]: * |
|
| public |
|
|
| public |
[_mixins]: *[] |
|
| public |
[_parent]: * |
|
| public |
[_pid]: * |
|
| public |
[_readonly]: * |
|
| public |
[_shader]: * |
|
| public |
[_stateType]: * |
|
| public |
[_store]: * |
|
| public |
Use this.$$() in shadow methods to get access to the property. |
|
| public |
Gets if autoshadowing is enabled for this property. |
|
| public |
Copies the current actual state for later reset using Property#resetToCheckpoint. |
|
| public |
Clears an existing checkpoint created using Property#checkpoint. |
|
| public |
Creates the object to be assigned to the shadow.$ property. |
|
| public |
Gets the path from root property using a dot ( |
|
| public |
getCheckpoint(): * Gets the checkpoint state previously recorded using Property#checkpoint. |
|
| public |
getInitialState(state: *): * Gets the initial state for a property at the beginning of the property mounting process. |
|
| public |
Gets if an existing checkpoint has be created using Property#checkpoint. |
|
| public |
initialState(): * Gets the result from StateType#computeInitialState. |
|
| public |
Gets if the property is currently shadowing an actual state property. |
|
| public |
Gets if property is an actual isolated property managed by the store. |
|
| public |
Gets if the property allows for assignment through the shadow state, ie |
|
| public |
Gets if this is the shadow state root property. |
|
| public |
The property name by which this property is referenced by the Property.parent. |
|
| public |
nextState(): * Gets what the actual state for this property will be after the Store updates all pending actions. |
|
| public |
Gets the object containing or managing this property. |
|
| public |
Gets the parent property. |
|
| public |
Gets the parent's shadow property. |
|
| public |
path(): [] Gets the Property#name components from the root property to this property. |
|
| public |
Gets the unique f.lux ID for this property. |
|
| public |
propertyChildInvalidated(childProperty: Property, sourceProperty: Property) A child property or one of its descendents wil be changing state. |
|
| public |
Invoked by the f.lux shadowing process after a property initially shadows a state property. |
|
| public |
Invoked by the f.lux shadowing process after a property is reshadowed. |
|
| public |
Invoked by the f.lux shadowing process just before a property initially shadows a state property. |
|
| public |
Invoked by the f.lux shadowing process just before a property will be removed from the shadow state. |
|
| public |
Replaces the current property state with a checkpoint state previously recorded using Property#checkpoint. |
|
| public |
Gets the shadow state root property for the Store managing this property. |
|
| public |
rootShadow(): Shadow Gets the root shadow state for the Store managing this property. |
|
| public |
setAutoshadow(auto: boolean): * Sets the auto shadow property flag. |
|
| public |
setImplementationClass(ImplClass: *) |
|
| public |
setInitialState(state: *): Property Explicitly sets an initial state that will be used if the state tree does not have a value for this property. |
|
| public |
setReadonly(readonly: *) Sets the readonly flag which will prevent an assignment from changing the value. |
|
| public |
setShadowClass(ShadowClass: Shadow) Sets the class to be used for the shadow api |
|
| public |
shader(state: *): * Gets the Shader instance for this property. |
|
| public |
shadowClass(): * Returns the Shadow subclass used to virtualize the state property. |
|
| public |
Gets the path from root property using a slash ( |
|
| public |
state(): * Gets the actual state being shadowed. |
|
| public |
stateType(): * Gets the StateType used for creating this property. |
|
| public |
store(): * Gets the {@Link Store} containing the application state. |
|
| public |
touch() Triggers a reshadow of the properties shadow state. |
|
| public |
typeName(): * Gets this property's StateType.typeName value. |
|
| public |
Makes changes to the next proeprty state. |
Static Public Methods
public static createClass(shadowType: Object | CollectionShadow, typeCallback: function(type: StateType), initialState: Object): ObjectProperty source
Factory function for creating an CollectionProperty
subclass. The generated class will have
the type
StateType descriptor set upon return.
Example usage:
class SomeShadow extends CollectionShadow {
// definition here
}
export default CollectionProperty.createClass(SomeShadow, type => {
// configure type variable
});
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| shadowType | Object | CollectionShadow |
|
|
| typeCallback | function(type: StateType) |
|
a callback function that will be passed the StateType spec for additional customization, such as setting autoshadow, initial state, or readonly. |
| initialState | Object |
|
={} - the initial state for the new property. |
public static defineType(PropClass: CollectionShadow, ShadowType: Object | CollectionShadow, typeCallback: function(type: StateType), initialState: Object): * source
Factory function for setting up the StateType type
class variable with an appropriately
configured intial state.
Example usage:
export default class TodosCollection extends CollectionProperty {
// implement property here
}
class TodosShadow extends CollectionShadow {
// implement shadow api here
}
ObjectProperty.defineType(TodosCollection, TodosShadow, type => {
// configure type variable
});
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| PropClass | CollectionShadow |
|
|
| ShadowType | Object | CollectionShadow |
|
Shadow` subclass or object literal api definition. If object literal specified, each property and function is mapped onto a Shadow subclass. |
| typeCallback | function(type: StateType) |
|
a callback function that will be passed the StateType spec for additional customization, such as setting autoshadow, initial state, or readonly. |
| initialState | Object |
|
the initial state for the new property. |
Return:
| * |
Public Constructors
public constructor(stateType: *) source
If a StateType is not passed to this constructor then one is located using StateType.from thus ensuring the f.lux shadowing process is defined for this property.
Override:
Property#constructorParams:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| stateType | * |
Public Members
public get endpointId: string: * source
Gets the endpoint ID, which for RestEndpointProperty is its URL.
public pagingTime: * source
Public Methods
public addModel(state: object, mergeOp: string): * source
Synchronously adds a new model object to the collection. Call model.$().save()
to persist the newly
added object.
Return:
| * | the object's ID. And ID is assigned if the 'id' parameter was not set and it could not
be found in the |
public addModels(models: array, mergeOp: string, syncOp: boolean) source
Bulk adds multiple models. Models must have an ID as it is assumed they have been previously saved.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| models | array | array of model values |
|
| mergeOp | string |
|
one of |
| syncOp | boolean |
|
sets the |
public clearEndpoint() source
Removes the endpoint from the collection. This has the side-effect of clearing the mdoels.
public create(model: Object): Promise source
Combines an CollectionProperty#add and CollectionProperty#save actions.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| model | Object | the json data |
public destroy(id: *): Promise source
Permantently deletes the model with the endpoint and removes it from the collection.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| id | * | the model ID to delete |
public extractId(model: *): * source
Used by the private _shadow() method to get the id from the model JSON representation as returned by the subclass doXXX() apis. The default implementation simply returns the 'id' model property.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| model | * |
Return:
| * |
public fetch(filter: *, mergeOp: string, replaceAll: boolean, callback: *): Promise source
Fetches all the models from the endpoint.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| filter | * |
|
filter object created using the endpoint. |
| mergeOp | string |
|
one of |
| replaceAll | boolean |
|
set to |
| callback | * | invoked before retrieved models are process or in case of an error |
public fetchNext(mergeOp: string): Promise source
Fetches the next set of models from the endpoint. This method differs from
CollectionProperty#fetch by passing offset
and limit
filter criteria to the
endpoint.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| mergeOp | string |
|
one of |
Return:
| Promise | resolves with a single argument of an array of model json objects as returned from the endpoint. |
public find(id: *): Promise source
Gets a model by ID. The method looks for a matching model in the collection. If one is not found then one is requested from the endpoint.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| id | * | the model ID |
public getModel(id: *): Object source
Gets a model by ID. The method looks for a matching model in the collection and never looks for one remotely through the endpoint.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| id | * | the model ID |
public getOfflineState(): Object source
Gets an object capable of providing a persisted version of this collection.
public hasModel(id: *): boolean source
Gets if the collection contains a matching model.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| id | * | the model ID |
public hasMorePages(state: *): * source
Gets if additional paging calls will return additional results.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| state | * |
|
Return:
| * |
public isConnected(): * source
Gets if the collection is active (has a shadow) and an endpoint.
Return:
| * |
public isFetching(): * source
Gets if a fetching operation that will replace ALL models is in progress.
Return:
| * |
public isNew(id: *): * source
Gets if a model has never been persisted to the endpoint.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| id | * |
Return:
| * |
public isNewModel(shadow: *): * source
Gets if a model shadow state model represents a model that has never been persisted to the endpoint.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| shadow | * |
Return:
| * |
public isPaging(state: *): * source
Gets if a paging operation (CollectionProperty#fetchNext) call is in progress.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| state | * |
|
Return:
| * |
public modelEntries(state: *): Array source
Gets an iterator with [ID, model] paris.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| state | * |
public modelKeys(state: *): Iterator source
Gets an iterator containing each model IDs.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| state | * |
|
Return:
| Iterator |
public modelKeysArray(state: *): Array source
Gets an array containing each model iDs.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| state | * |
public modelValues(state: *): Iterator source
Gets an iterator containing each f.lux shadow state model.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| state | * |
|
Return:
| Iterator |
public modelsArray(state: *): array source
Gets the shadow models currently managed by the collection.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| state | * |
Return:
| array | all models being managed by the collection |
public remove(id: *) source
Synchronously removes the model from the collection without performing an endpoint operation.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| id | * | the model id or cid |
public removeAllModels() source
Removes all models from the collection and marks the collection as having not synched with the endpoint.
public resetPaging() source
Resets all internal paging tracking variables but does not affect currently stored models.
public save(id: *, mergeOp: string): Promise source
Saves a model through the endpoint.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| id | * | the model id or cid |
|
| mergeOp | string |
|
one of |
public setAutocheckpoint(auto: boolean) source
Sets whether auto-checkpointing should be enabled.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| auto | boolean |
|
public setEndpoint(endPoint: *) source
Sets the CollectionProperty#endpoint.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| endPoint | * |
public setIdName(idName: *) source
Sets the property name containing the model ID. Default is id
.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| idName | * |
public setLimit(limit: number) source
Sets the number of models to request with each paging request. The default paging size is 50.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| limit | number |
public setModels(models: array, syncOp: boolean) source
Bulk replaces current models with an array of new models.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| models | array | array of model values |
|
| syncOp | boolean |
|
sets the |
public setOfflineState(offline: Object) source
Sets an object capable of providing a persisted version of this collection. The object must minimally expose a single method with the form:
function restore()
Method sets the collection state for offline access. Typically invoked by application logic after
a failed fetch()
to the endpoint.
An object is used as the offline state management entity because it will normally perform other duties such as registering for ChangeEvent to persistently store collection state on changes and support deleting previous backups
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| offline | Object | the object containing the |
public use(op: *, mw: *) source
Registers collection middleware operation. A middleware operation is invoked before each asynchronous/ network operation. Middleware operations are functions with the following format:
function mwCallback(collectionShadow, collectionProperty)
Middleware functions must return a promise and are invoked in the order registered. A function generating an error will terminate the middleware chain and the collection operation will not be performed.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| op | * | ||
| mw | * |


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static method getInstance [line 141]
static IFacade getInstance(
string
$key)
|
|
Facade Multiton Factory method
This IFacade implementation is a Multiton, so you MUST not call the constructor directly, but instead call this static Factory method, passing the unique key for this instance
Tags:
Parameters:
static method hasCore [line 451]
static bool hasCore(
string
$key)
|
|
Check if a Core is registered or not
Tags:
Parameters:
static method removeCore [line 465]
static void removeCore(
string
$key)
|
|
Remove a Core.
Remove the Model, View, Controller and Facade instances for the given key.
Tags:
Parameters:
constructor __construct [line 103]
Instance constructor
This IFacade implementation is a Multiton, so you should not call the constructor directly, but instead call the static Factory method, passing the unique key for this instance
Tags:
Parameters:
method hasCommand [line 332]
bool hasCommand(
string
$notificationName)
|
|
Has Command
Check if a Command is registered for a given Notification
Tags:
Implementation of:
- IFacade::hasCommand()
- Has Command
Parameters:
method hasMediator [line 386]
bool hasMediator(
string
$mediatorName)
|
|
Has Mediator
Check if a IMediator is registered or not.
Tags:
Implementation of:
- IFacade::hasMediator()
- Has Mediator
Parameters:
method hasProxy [line 288]
bool hasProxy(
string
$proxyName)
|
|
Has Proxy
Check if a Proxy is registered for the given proxyName.
Tags:
Implementation of:
- IFacade::hasProxy()
- Has Proxy
Parameters:
method initializeController [line 167]
void initializeController(
)
|
|
Initialize the
Controller.
Called by the initializeFacade() method.
Override this method in your subclass of Facade if one or both of the following are true:
- You wish to initialize a different Controller.
- You have Commands to register with the Controller at startup.
If you don't want to initialize a different
Controller, call
parent::initializeController() at the beginning of your method, then register Commands.
Tags:
method initializeFacade [line 123]
Initialize the
Facade instance.
Called automatically by the constructor. Override in your subclass to do any subclass specific initializations. Be sure to call parent::initializeFacade(), though.
Tags:
method initializeModel [line 199]
Initialize the
Model.
Called by the initializeFacade() method.
Override this method in your subclass of Facade if one or both of the following are true:
- You wish to initialize a different Model.
- You have Proxys to register with the Model that do not
retrieve a reference to the Facade at construction time.
If you don't want to initialize a different
Model, call
parent::initializeModel() at the beginning of your method, then register
Proxys.
Note:
This method is rarely overridden; in practice you are more likely to use a Command to create and register Proxys with the Model, since Proxys with mutable data will likely need to send Notifications and thus will likely want to fetch a reference to the Facade during their construction.
Tags:
method initializeNotifier [line 440]
void initializeNotifier(
string
$key)
|
|
Set the Multiton key for this facade instance.
Not called directly, but instead from the constructor when getInstance is invoked. It is necessary to be public in order to implement INotifier.
Tags:
Implementation of:
- INotifier::initializeNotifier()
- Initialize this INotifier instance.
Parameters:
method initializeView [line 231]
Initialize the
View.
Called by the initializeFacade() method.
Override this method in your subclass of Facade if one or both of the following are true:
- You wish to initialize a different IView implementation.
- You have Observers to register with the View
If you don't want to initialize a different
, call
at the beginning of your method, then register
instances.
Note:
This method is rarely overridden; in practice you are more likely to use a Command to create and register Mediators with the View, since IMediator instances will need to send INotifications and thus will likely want to fetch a reference to the Facade during their construction.
Tags:
method notifyObservers [line 421]
Notify
Observers.
This method is left public mostly for backward compatibility, and to allow you to send custom notification classes using the facade.
Usually you should just call sendNotification and pass the parameters, never having to construct the notification yourself.
Tags:
Implementation of:
- IFacade::notifyObservers()
- Notify Observers.
Parameters:
method registerCommand [line 302]
void registerCommand(
$notificationName, object|string
$commandClassRef, string
$noteName)
|
|
Register Command
Register an ICommand with the Controller.
Tags:
Implementation of:
- IFacade::registerCommand()
- Register Command
Parameters:
method registerMediator [line 344]
Register Mediator
Register an IMediator instance with the View.
Tags:
Implementation of:
- IFacade::registerMediator()
- Register Mediator
Parameters:
method registerProxy [line 246]
void registerProxy(
IProxy
$proxy)
|
|
Register Proxy
Register an IProxy with the Model.
Tags:
Implementation of:
- IFacade::registerProxy()
- Register Proxy
Parameters:
method removeCommand [line 316]
void removeCommand(
string
$notificationName)
|
|
Remove Command
Remove a previously registered ICommand to INotification mapping.
Tags:
Implementation of:
- IFacade::removeCommand()
- Remove Command
Parameters:
method removeMediator [line 373]
IMediator removeMediator(
string
$mediatorName)
|
|
Remove Mediator
Remove a previously registered IMediator instance from the View.
Tags:
Implementation of:
- IFacade::removeMediator()
- Remove Mediator
Parameters:
method removeProxy [line 275]
IProxy removeProxy(
string
$proxyName)
|
|
Remove Proxy
Remove a previously registered IProxy instance from the Model by name.
Tags:
Implementation of:
- IFacade::removeProxy()
- Remove Proxy
Parameters:
method retrieveMediator [line 360]
IMediator retrieveMediator(
string
$mediatorName)
|
|
Retreive Mediator
Retrieve a previously registered IMediator instance from the View.
Tags:
Implementation of:
- IFacade::retrieveMediator()
- Retreive Mediator
Parameters:
method retrieveProxy [line 262]
IProxy retrieveProxy(
string
$proxyName)
|
|
Retreive Proxy
Retrieve a previously registered IProxy from the Model by name.
Tags:
Implementation of:
- IFacade::retrieveProxy()
- Retreive Proxy
Parameters:
method sendNotification [line 402]
void sendNotification(
string
$notificationName, [mixed
$body = null], [string
$type = null])
|
|
Create and send an
INotification.
Keeps us from having to construct new notification instances in our implementation code.
Tags:
Implementation of:
- INotifier::sendNotification()
- Send a INotification.
Parameters:


Dub+, also referred to as DubPlus, is Dubtrack.fm's #1 extension and script to enhance your Dubtrack experience!
Just drag the Dub+ button to your bookmarks bar, visit any room on Dubtrack.fm, and click your newly created bookmark!
Our easy-to-use menu will help you enjoy your Dubtrack.fm experience more than ever! There are plenty of features to help make Dubtrack even better!
Our customization menu is non-obtrusive, and integrates seamlessly into Dubtrack without obstructing your experience. Easy to access and easy to hide.
Use our script to keep you notified on when you're DJing next. Get notifications and messages about how well the room is enjoying your songs, so that you can keep queuing songs that will keep the party going!


The Computational Modeling of Human and Machine Intelligence (Mozer Lab) at the University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder) is looking for online participants for a brief experiment on how people reason about objects.
In this experiment you will be shown a series of letters and asked to identify each letter. You will complete multiple trials, which typically takes $expTimeMin minutes.
The requirements are:
Please Note: Refreshing or leaving the page while playing will prevent you from completing the HIT. The experiment will only work in modern browsers, and may have difficulty loading on slower connections.
This task can only be completed once.
If you meet the requirements, please click the "Accept HIT" button on the Amazon site above to begin the task.


Responsible for the UI design of the landing pages and team member section using HTML, CSS, and Javascript with LESS preprocessor for CSS. Allison enjoys playing video games, writing/producing music and swimming.
Originally from Italy. Responsible for creating user forms using React for the project. Favorite hobbies include gardening and cooking.
React 2 developer. Worked directly with the UI Developer and the Back End Developer to ensure that all React components are wired up in proper fashion. Enjoys hanging out with dog, working out, and reading.
Responsible for state management, connecting front-end to API through HTTP requests, created React components. Enjoys video games and gardening.
Responsible for building the backend. Created a restful api using NodeJS and Express. Hobbies include drawing and playing guitar.
Project Lead - Managing a team of web developers, making sure everyone on the team meets MVP. Likes to work out and compete in power lifting competitions. Also referees soccer working games in youth, amateur and semi-professional leagues.


Using HTML5 attributes to specify min and max rows
Fully supports 'live' so that newly added elements also are resized


Beyond code & evil
Marcin Jałbrzykowski
Senior .NET Developer @
British Council
Pragmatic Software Engineer
{{ content }}


Images
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Beautiful Image Gallery!
This is a Bootstrap Image Gallery with pictures extracted from unsplash.com.


Too Slow is an easy reverse engineering challenge from rgbCTF, it was a funny challenge because I’m pretty new to reverse engineering techniques and it helped me a lot, I played this CTF just for fun with my team, 0x8Layer :)
The challenge had the following description/details:
The following executable file is available on: a.out
Ok, now we need to check the executable in order to determinate his characteristics:
This is the output after executing the binary:
After that we need to take a deep look inside the binary, to do it I’m going to use the Ghidra tool:
With Ghidra debugger, we noticed three interesting functions:
main
getKey
win
The functions’s graph:
Explanation
The uVar1 variable takes the result of getKey() function and send it to win function.
There’s a problem, the getKey function would take a long time to pass through the while loop because it increments by 1 the local_10 variable until the number 0x265d1d23 or 643636515 in decimal.
Exploiting
We can jump straight to the win function by calling this function directly through gdb, to do it we need to open the vulnerable executable on gdb:
Now we can run the executable inside the gdb and call the win function passing 643636515 as argument:
Your flag: rgbCTF{pr3d1ct4bl3_k3y_n33d5_no_w41t_cab79d}
Pretty easy challenge but you can learn from it if you’re a beginner like me xD


Error Indexing Start and End Pages
There was an issue with the start/end page indices that you specified. Please double check that
- both the start page and the end page are greater than 0
- the end page index is larger than the start page index
- the range specified by the start and end pages does not cover more than 200 pages
More information on how to specify start and end pages is available here.
Return to main page


All Classes
AbstractCommand
AddDeliveryCommand
AdditionState
CityMap
CityMapState
Command
CommandsList
Controller
DefaultState
DeleteDeliveryCommand
DeleteState
Delivery
DeliveryRound
DeliveryRoundView
DeliveryState
Graph
GraphicView
InitState
InverseCommand
IteratorSeq
Launcher
Node
Path
RequestState
Section
State
SwapDeliveriesCommand
SwapState
TemplateTSP
TimeWindow
TSP
TSP1
TypicalDay
TypicalDayView
Window
XMLDeserializer
XMLException
XMLFileOpener


In June 2023 I joined the Research Computing Team at the University of Leeds as a Research Software Engineer. I have worked at the University for over 25 years mostly specialising in computational geography.
Github Profile


Urban Meyer’s Daughter Sends Message To Ohio State Fans
by Andrew HolleranUrban Meyer will be back on Ohio State’s campus on Saturday morning. The former Buckeyes’ head coach will be in Columbus for FOX’s Big Noon Kickoff show ahead of Ohio State’s game against Penn State.
There will be two competing pregame shows at Ohio State on Saturday morning, as ESPN’s College GameDay will also be in town.
Meyer and Co. are of course calling for fans to show up to his pregame show.
“Love when dad comes back to the Shoe! Everyone meet me there! Outside the RPAC at 10am!” Meyer’s daughter, Gigi, tweeted on Monday night.
Meyer is pumped to be back, too.
“BUCKEYE NATION! See you Saturday outside the RPAC starting at 10 a.m. for the FOX Big Noon Kickoff Show,” he tweeted.
ESPN’s College GameDay, meanwhile, will broadcast from 9 a.m. to 12 p.m. E.T.
Ohio State and Penn State will kick off at 12 p.m. E.T. on FOX.


--- layout: default title: Home permalink: / ---
LightXlab has been developed keeping simplicity in mind, Anyone can start using the program with minutes.
LightXlab has several customizable settings like colors , ray density , opacity and iteration speed.


Fresh caught Salmon
from beyond the Golden Gate Bridge
Alkaline Chickpea Scramble
Garam Masala Hummus IP
Homegrown Mushroom Sautee
Alkaline Chickpea Omlette
Huevos Rancheros
with Homemade Salsa and Beans
Handmade Masa Tortilla's with Beans,
Cilantro y Queso
Butternut Squash, Mushrooms
and Grean Bean Bake
Rainbow Veggie Cast Iron Sautee
Handmade Tortillas w/ Beans,
Plantains, and Veggie Scramble
Here are a few ideas to get your night started off right
Recipie coming soon!
Recipie coming soon!
Recipie coming soon!
Recipie coming soon!
Can't wait to eat those Tandorri Wings again!
If I could; I would eat Spelt Pizza with Artichoke hearts and Sundried tomatoes every. single. day.
Everytime I visit I always eat soo good and spend soo much time outdoors, I love this place!
Want to hear about an upcoming potluck? Interested in joining us for an outdoor movie night? Enter youe email below and we'll get in touch with you!


-
Build software better, together
github.com
GitHub is the best place to build software together. Over 4 million people use GitHub to share code.
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WhatsApp Used This Pricing Strategy to Win and You Can Too
firstround.com
Seven years ago, First Round Partner Josh Kopelman wrote a seminal blog post on the importance of free services in consumer-facing business models. ...
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The First Step To Building A Growth Machine
www.coelevate.com
When I meet new companies to advise them on growth, the number one question I get is “what tactic should I use to grow my business?” At first I would ...
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Why Jewelry Stores Hide The Price Tags
www.npr.org
In most stores, you can see how much everything costs. Why do jewelry stores hide the price tags?
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Why You Need to Ring the Freaking Cash Register
www.bothsidesofthetable.com
I work with a lot of startups. I start to notice when bad behavior creeps into the system as a whole. I have seen much of that behavior over the past ...
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INBOUND 2014 Keynote - Brian Halligan & Dharmesh Shah
www.youtube.com
#INBOUND14 http://inbound.com HubSpot co-founders, Brian Halligan & Dharmesh Shah, introduce HubSpot CRM, Sidekick, and new features of the HubSpot ...
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A Long, Ugly Year of Depression That's Finally Fading - Rand's Blog
moz.com
Yesterday morning I woke up early to speak at the Business of Software conference in Boston. It was my first time there, and it’s an exceptional ...
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Episode 569: How To Divide An Imaginary Pie
www.npr.org
Alex Blumberg is starting a podcasting business, but he needs a partner. Today on the show, Alex searches for that partner. Hewlett-Packard, Ben & ...
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Startup Weekend Guayaquil 2014
www.eventbrite.com
Para más detalles acerca del evento, visita guayaquil.startupweekend.org ¡Gracias! Startup Weekend Crew Acerca de Startup Weekend: Startup Weekend ...
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Business Analytics Company RJMetrics Raises $16.5M Round Led By August ...
techcrunch.com
RJMetrics, a company saying it provides sophisticated data tools to businesses of all sizes, is announcing that it has raised $16.5 million in Series ...
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This Is How You Get People to Trust Your Product
firstround.com
Most new tech companies simply would not work without consumer trust. People wouldn’t get into an Uber, list their home on Airbnb, or even buy shoes ...
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Peter Thiel, technology entrepreneur and investor. AMA • /r/IAmA
www.reddit.com
**My short bio:** Hi, I'm Peter Thiel, co-founder of PayPal and Palantir, first investor in Facebook, venture capitalist at Founders Fund, and...
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A Collection of Uncommon Points of View on Startups
tomtunguz.com
I wish I had been in Stanford's CS183 class in 2012, the year Peter Thiel taught it. A student of the class, Blake Masters, copied all the class ...
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Postmates Partners With Everlane To Bring Customers Select Items On-Demand ...
techcrunch.com
Postmates has made it possible for customers to order from all their favorite restaurants, charging a small per-delivery fee for the service. Today, ...
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My year with a distraction-free iPhone (and how to start your own ...
medium.com
In 2012, I realized I had a problem: Infinity in my pocket was too much.
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Growth Hacking is Bullshit - Inside Intercom
blog.intercom.io
Real growth comes from somewhere deeper than growth hacking. Growth at your company should be everyone's job. It's too important to hack it.
-
INBOUND 2014 - Sept 15-18, 2014 Boston, MA - Marketing and Sales Conference
www.inbound.com
Join thousands of marketing and sales professionals from around the globe for the world's most remarkable business event.
-
4th Down: When to Go for It and Why - NYTimes.com
www.nytimes.com
This post is meant to be a quick tutorial on fourth-down strategy, neatly summarized in the chart above. (You can also read a post that explains the ...
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Apple Steve Jobs The Crazy Ones - NEVER BEFORE AIRED 1997 - (Original Post)
www.youtube.com
Steve Jobs narrates the first Think different commercial "Here's to the Crazy Ones". It never aired. Richard Dreyfuss did the voiceover for the ...
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How 13 Successful Companies Fought For Their First Customers
blog.referralcandy.com
How did successful companies get their first customers? The truth is a lot grittier than you may imagine. Featuring: Etsy, Evernote, Quora and 10 ...
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Peter Thiel disagrees with you
fortune.com
The tech financier and intellectual provocateur has some ideas that may turn you off. But there's no arguing with his commercial achievements. That's ...
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Grading Teachers, With Data From Class
www.nytimes.com
Panorama Education, aided by prominent tech investors, is refining student feedback through innovative data collection. School systems are embracing ...
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Seth's Blog: Why don't authors compete?
sethgodin.typepad.com
There's an apocryphal story of a guy who went for his final interview for a senior post at Coca-Cola. At dinner, he ordered a Pepsi. He didn't get ...
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Benchmarking Hubspot's S-1: How 7 Key SaaS Metrics Stack Up
tomtunguz.com
One of the best ways I've found to understand SaaS companies is to pore through their public filings. A few months ago, I analyzed Box's S-1. In this ...
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The Dropbox Blog – Introducing a more powerful Dropbox Pro
blog.dropbox.com
Dropbox lets you bring your photos, docs, and videos anywhere and share them easily. Never email yourself a file again!
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Vatican City Explained
www.youtube.com
CGPGrey Coffee Mug! http://goo.gl/hT2Dt Help support videos like this: http://www.cgpgrey.com/subbable Blog: ...
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Arcademi.co - La Comunidad de desarrolladores de VideoJuegos
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Los Cursos de Arcademi.co se actualizan constantemente. Talleres y lecciones te guiarán paso a paso en el apasionante mundo del desarrollo de ...
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The Most Fascinating Profile You'll Ever Read About a Guy and His Boring ...
www.wired.com
Ariel Zambelich/WIRED Stewart is hungry. He’s munching on potatoes smothered in chicken fat drippings, sitting by a long metal table that once served ...


When you press and hold the profile picture of any Instagram user, you can see it in HD quality and see it with zooming-zoom out possibilities.
Press and hold to download the profile picture you have enlarged by holding it down again.
You can prevent or activate Instagram videos from starting automatically when you hold down the camera icon on the top left. Is enabled by default.
You can fast-forward or rewind by pressing and holding any Instagram video and then sliding your finger.
In InstAero Settings > Privacy, you can prevent the "seen" from going to the other people by activating the "Don't mark messages as read" option.
If you reply to a message but still appear unread; o press and hold on the conversation and tap "Mark as read".
You can enable this feature in InstAero > Privacy. With this feature (Don't tell anyone that you viewed Stories), no one knows you've seen the story.
You can hide "writing ..." for your chats in InstAero > Privacy settings.
To visit sites in Instagram without the need for an additional browser, enable the "Enable in-app browser".
Option in InstAero Settings > General settings.
Once you have entered an Instagram user's profile, tapping the biography once will copy the biography.
By holding down the home icon on the bottom left, you can open the menu specially designed for developers.
Select any comment and copy it by touching the middle icon (classic copy icon) from the options above.
Select any comment and touch the translate icon on the left (classic translation icon) from the options above.
Google and Yandex engines are used to translate, you can edit them in InstAero Settings > Translation Settings.
Sometimes you may be accidentally touching and doing likes, no problem.
In InstAero Settings > General settings, disable "Enable double-tap to like".
In InstAero Settings > General settings, you can enable the "Download media on double tap" option to download every media file you double-tap to your device.
In InstAero Settings > General settings, see "Zoom photos on long tap." You can zoom out or zoom in on the photos you hold down by activating.
If you enable the "Start videos directly with sound" option in InstAero Settings, you don't need to touch the video to unmute the Instagram videos.
If you disable the "Slide Navigation" option in InstAero Settings > General settings, your finger gestures on the home screen will be disabled.
Example of finger movements:
Slide your finger to the left on the home screen to open your DM page.
From InstAero Settings > Personalization Preferences, With the "Two-line message box in DM" option, you can expand the area in which you write a message.
At the same time, this feature can prevent accidental "heart" sending.
If you see a "(FOLLOWS YOU)" warning when you enter the profile of any Instagram user, that user is following you.


class FrameGuard implements HttpKernelInterface
Methods
| void |
__construct(HttpKernelInterface $app)
Create a new CookieQueue instance. |
|
| Response |
handle(Request $request, int $type = HttpKernelInterface::MASTER_REQUEST, bool $catch = true)
Handle the given request and get the response. |
Details
at line 21
public void
__construct(HttpKernelInterface $app)
Create a new CookieQueue instance.
at line 36
public Response
handle(Request $request, int $type = HttpKernelInterface::MASTER_REQUEST, bool $catch = true)
Handle the given request and get the response.


Magister Nell:
Ah, what a profile! Like a classic statue... And that voice! Like an arrow piercing my heart...Where is he now? I wonder what he's doing?
I must give him some Spirit Ore! Please, bring me 200 Flare Shards and 200 Freezing Shards!
You can get them from salamanders, undines, death fires and roxides, deep within the Forgotten Temple! Please, hurry! Time is short!


“The world as we have created it is a process of our thinking. It cannot be changed without changing our thinking.”
by
Albert Einstein
(about)
Tags:
Page 1
Current
Page 3
Page 4


Read raw EEM data and prepares them for further analysis.
| Version: | 1.1.1 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.0.0) |
| Imports: | tools, reshape2, graphics, colorRamps, utils, R.utils, sp, ggplot2 |
| Suggests: | stats, pls, knitr, testthat |
| Published: | 2016-04-21 |
| Author: | Vipavee Trivittayasil |
| Maintainer: | Vipavee Trivittayasil <vipavee.tri at gmail.com> |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| URL: | https://github.com/chengvt/EEM |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| In views: | ChemPhys |
| CRAN checks: | EEM results |
| Reference manual: | EEM.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Importing raw files Introduction to EEM package |
| Package source: | EEM_1.1.1.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: EEM_1.1.1.zip, r-release: EEM_1.1.1.zip, r-oldrel: EEM_1.1.1.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: EEM_1.1.1.tgz, r-oldrel: EEM_1.1.1.tgz |
| Old sources: | EEM archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=EEM to link to this page.


{% include dates.html %}
{% include wimirgrants.html %}
{% assign cards = site.cards | sort: 'order' %}
{% for card in cards %}
{% include card.html %}
{% endfor %}
{% include sponsors.html %}


|
| Page date Thu Apr 14 18:01:52 2011 . | Improve this page |
The LargeCircularStorage class manages a large circular buffer, based on a random access block device, like a flash memory, with a fixed block size of BLK_SIZE bytes and a fixed capacity of NUM_BLOCKS blocks, addressed from 0 to (NUM_BLOCKS-1).
Managing a circular buffer is usually trivial, by sequentially writing data blocks and restarting from the beginning when the last available block is used.
The only challenge is at power-up, to determine which is the first free block, or, in other words, which was the last written block. One could claim that such a mechanism is not needed, by always writing the last block address on an external persistent device.
Although this might work, it has two drawbacks:
For a high reliability device, determining the address of the next free block is mandatory. Being, by definition, a large storage, let’s say millions of blocks, a linear search is out of question, and a binary search should be possible.
Originally designed for linear structures, the binary search does not work directly on circular buffers, but with some carefully designed details, the binary search can be tailored on circular buffers too.
There are probably many possible implementations, one of them being described below.
One assumption intended to simplify things is that data block are grouped by a certain criteria, let’s say by sessions with identical characteristics (for example a measurement session with a given acquisition rate, precision, etc).
Writing blocks to the storage is always done at the end, the only decision being
The grouping by sessions can be easily implemented by adding a pointer to each block, referring to the first block of the session, identified by referring to itself.
Assuming the sessions have a significant number of blocks, when a search is needed, instead of linearly scanning the entire storage it is much faster to scan session by session.
The second field required in each block is a monotone increasing unique ID, to simplify the detection of the last used block, since the next block should be an older one, so with a lower ID. The range of this ID should be at least two times larger than the total number of blocks, to accommodate the situation when this ID rolls over.
In conclusion, the overhead of the circular buffer is a two field header, added to each block, containing the following:


This applications’ intended purpose is to bring dog owner’s closer together, so that your dog’s can socialize and have fun. Are you always doing the doggy walks by yourself? You went to the park again and no other dogs around for your puppy to play with? Well, we might be able to help.
This is the launch of an application which helps you to organize casual play dates for your little pooch in a very simple and easy way.
Just have a look at a dog’s profile and get a feel if that dog would be a good match with your dog. If you don’t feel it is a good match swipe right but if you think you got a winner swipe left and we put you in touch with it’s owner, so you can meet up somewhere and your dog’s can have some fun.
Right now our application puts you in touch with the owner via email but there are some really cool features planned to be included in our app soon like managing your details and updating your profile with multiple dogs, chat options via the app to replace email correspondence and many more.


Characterization of identified lincRNAs. Characterization of identified lincRNAs. ( A) The number of exons of different lincRNAs and protein-coding genes. ( B) Probability density graph of the transcription length of different lincRNA and protein coding genes. ( C) Probability density graph of the exon length of different lincRNAs and protein-encoding genes.


@(friend: String, media: Media, dateTime: String, postLink: String)
Insta Roulette
What's the result?
Your friend: @friend
The chosen picture from @dateTime:
You just liked this photo.


.accordion-body
, though the transition does limit overflow.
Pre-requisites
Formal Definition
*You can refer an authentic source for this. This line is for developers info. Kindly remove it before creating a PR
Easy and Clear Explaination(along with examples)-
*Kindly provide your explaination in a casual language like you explain something to a friend. Also comments more than 50% lines of the code. This line is for developers info. Kindly remove it before creating a PR
#include<iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int a, b, c; // Instantiating variables a, b and c cout << "Enter two integers to add\n"; cin >> a >> b; // Taking user input for a and b c = a + b; // Adding a and b and storing the value in variable c cout <<"Sum of the numbers: " << c << endl; // Print the sum i.e. value of c return 0; }
Caption for the above code section here.(if any)
Additional info here
Solved Questions
*Easy to Medium level(Maximum 2) - This line is for developers info. Kindly remove it before creating a PR
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int a, b, c; // Instantiating variables a, b and c cout << "Enter two integers to add\n"; cin >> a >> b; // Taking user input for a and b c = a + b; // Adding a and b and storing the value in variable c cout <<"Sum of the numbers: " << c << endl; // Print the sum i.e. value of c return 0; }
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int a, b, c; // Instantiating variables a, b and c cout << "Enter two integers to add\n"; cin >> a >> b; // Taking user input for a and b c = a + b; // Adding a and b and storing the value in variable c cout <<"Sum of the numbers: " << c << endl; // Print the sum i.e. value of c return 0; }
Practice Questions
*Medium to Hard level(Minimum 2) - This line is for developers info. Kindly remove it before creating a PR
Pre-requisites
Formal Definition
*You can refer an authentic source for this. This line is for developers info. Kindly remove it before creating a PR
Easy and Clear Explaination(along with examples)-
*Kindly provide your explaination in a casual language like you explain something to a friend. Also comments more than 50% lines of the code. This line is for developers info. Kindly remove it before creating a PR
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int a, b, c; // Instantiating variables a, b and c cout << "Enter two integers to add\n"; cin >> a >> b; // Taking user input for a and b c = a + b; // Adding a and b and storing the value in variable c cout <<"Sum of the numbers: " << c << endl; // Print the sum i.e. value of c return 0; }
Caption for the above code section here.(if any)
Additional info here
Solved Questions
*Easy to Medium level(Maximum 2) - This line is for developers info. Kindly remove it before creating a PR.
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int a, b, c; // Instantiating variables a, b and c cout << "Enter two integers to add\n"; cin >> a >> b; // Taking user input for a and b c = a + b; // Adding a and b and storing the value in variable c cout <<"Sum of the numbers: " << c << endl; // Print the sum i.e. value of c return 0; }
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int a, b, c; // Instantiating variables a, b and c cout << "Enter two integers to add\n"; cin >> a >> b; // Taking user input for a and b c = a + b; // Adding a and b and storing the value in variable c cout <<"Sum of the numbers: " << c << endl; // Print the sum i.e. value of c return 0; }
Practice Questions
*Medium to Hard level(Minimum 2) - This line is for developers info. Kindly remove it before creating a PR


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{% include 'surveys22/dropdown-ui/relationship.html' %}
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{% include 'surveys22/dropdown-ui/gender.html' %}
|
|
{% include 'surveys22/dropdown-ui/education-level.html' %}
|
{% include 'surveys22/dropdown-ui/farmer-work-day.html' %}
|
{% include 'surveys22/dropdown-ui/life-style.html' %}
|
{% include 'surveys22/button-ui/remove-row.html' %}
|


---
title: University courses
excerpt: "
This is a list of courses included in my Master of Science (Econ.) degree
– 250 credit units all together.
"
date: '2002-06-13 20:15:28 +0200'
date_gmt: '2002-06-13 19:15:28 +0200'
categories:
- University
tags:
- university
- courses
- information systems science
---
As a humble effort to document my life, here's a list of courses included in my Master of Science (Econ.) degree -- 250 credit units all together.
It's just a plain list for me to remember what I've been studying, and maybe to show you what I'm interested in (or what I was obliged to study to finish the degree!). I'll let you guess which subjects on this list I liked the most.
Advanced studies in Information Systems Science
- Basic Course in Electronic Commerce
- Basic Course in Information Systems Development
- Customer Behaviour in Cyber Space
- Database Management Systems
- Development Methods and Tools in Electronic Commerce
- Groupware
- Introduction to C Programming
- Introduction to Communication Systems
- Introduction to Networking Technology
- Knowledge Work and its Tools
- Master's Thesis: Spatial sound in a user interface as a method to deliver hidden information and to relieve visual burden
- Master's Thesis Seminar
- Maturity Examination
- Object-oriented Information Systems Development
- Operating Systems
- Professional and Field Training
- Research Methods
- Seminar
- Structured Information Systems Development
- Systems Development Project
- Theoretical Bases of Information Systems
Basic studies in Marketing
- Basics in Marketing
- Business to Business Marketing
- International Marketing
- Marketing Research and Information Systems
Basic studies in Multimedia
- Constructing Multimedia Applications
- Group Tutoring
- Introduction to New Media
- Multimedia Object Production
- Multimedia Project
- Optional Course in Multimedia
Language and Communication studies
English
- Communication Skills
- Optional Course
- Text Workshop 1
- Text Workshop 2
Finnish (mother tongue)
- Communication and Negotiation Skills
- Foundations of Written Communication
French
- French 1
- French 2
- French 3
- French 4
- French Reading Comprehension
- Remedial French
Swedish
- Command of Swedish as the Second Language (Official Examination)
- Optional Course
Other studies
Art History
- Introduction to General Art History
- Practical Course in Art History
Music
- Arrangement
- Big Band
- Drums
- History of Jazz Music
- History of Western Art Music
- Jazz Harmony
- Jazz Workshop
- Jazz Music Pedagogy
- Piano
Philosophy
- History of Philosophy 1
- Introduction to Philosophy
Statistics
- Basic Course in Statistics
General studies
- Basics of Operational Research and Mathematics
- Introduction to Scientific Research
- Orientation to University Studies
- Preliminary Course in Information Technology


Applied Data Research
P. O. Box 81978
Las Vegas, NV 89180<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Select Publications
F. Chiang et al., "A novel lens design for 10Gbps/25Gbps high speed optical interconnects," 2016 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC), Anaheim, CA, 2016, pp. 1-3., https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7537431.


fun deleteCustomerSource(sourceId: String, listener: SourceRetrievalListener): Unit
Delete the Source from the current customer.
sourceId
- the ID of the source to be deleted
listener
- a SourceRetrievalListener called when the API call completes
with the added Source.


|
gtsam
4.0.0
gtsam
|
Densely partially eliminate with Cholesky factorization. More...
Modules | |
| Solving by multifrontal variable elimination (QR and Cholesky) | |
| An EliminatableClusterTree, i.e., a set of variable clusters with factors, arranged in a tree, with the additional property that it represents the clique tree associated with a Bayes net. | |
| Solving by sequential variable elimination (QR and Cholesky) | |
Densely partially eliminate with Cholesky factorization.
Densely partially eliminate with QR factorization, this is usually provided as an argument to one of the factor graph elimination functions (see EliminateableFactorGraph).
JacobianFactors are left-multiplied with their transpose to form the Hessian using the conversion constructor HessianFactor(const JacobianFactor&).
If any factors contain constrained noise models, this function will fail because our current implementation cannot handle constrained noise models in Cholesky factorization. The function EliminatePreferCholesky() automatically does QR instead when this is the case.
Variables are eliminated in the order specified in keys
.
| factors | Factors to combine and eliminate |
| keys | The variables to eliminate and their elimination ordering |
JacobianFactors are left-multiplied with their transpose to form the Hessian using the conversion constructor HessianFactor(const JacobianFactor&).
This function will fall back on QR factorization for any cliques containing JacobianFactor's with constrained noise models.
Variables are eliminated in the order specified in keys
.
| factors | Factors to combine and eliminate |
| keys | The variables to eliminate and their elimination ordering |
HessianFactors are first factored with Cholesky decomposition to produce JacobianFactors, by calling the conversion constructor JacobianFactor(const HessianFactor&). Variables are eliminated in the order specified in keys
.
| factors | Factors to combine and eliminate |
| keys | The variables to eliminate in the order as specified here in keys |


Beginer Projects
Canvas Draw
CSS Clock
CSS Variable in JS
Drum Kit
Expense Tracker
Filterable list
Flex Panels
Check Multiple boxes
Memory Game
Gallery Slider
Note Taker
Slider
To do List
Vowel counter


miniPaint
Your browser does not support canvas or JavaScript is not enabled.
Preview
Colors
Information
Layer details
Layers


Creative Technology 3
Week 8
"Ruined by Design" by Mike Monteiro
Quote 1"The platforms were doing exactly what they were designed to do: spread, sensationalize, and drive engagement. As teams across the major platforms attempted to eradicate the video from their services they found out how difficult it is to get a system to stop doing what it’s been designed to do."
This is definitely one of the most frightening things about the platforms on the internet. The fact that any data can be spread within a second and cannot be erased easily can be a huge problem.  I remember reading that the video that’s been sold were still being reselling by the users who already bought from the original user. I'm concerning that the way people abuse the platform might evolve as well.
Quote 2“We have a skill-set that people need in order to get things made, and that skill-set includes an inquiring mind and a strong spine. We need to be more than a pair of hands. And we certainly can’t become the hands of unethical men.”
This quote reminds me of ‘Milton Glaser's Road to Hell in 12 Steps (https://dylanopet.medium.com/milton-glasers-road-to-hell-in-12-steps-c40f222e0f06)’ It was humorously described what kind of design tasks designers should not take. Although I do agree completely with everything the author suggested in terms of ethics in design, I also think that in the real-world sometimes there are moments where designers need to compromise and ignore certain things in order to keep their job. So in a way, I think what the author was arguing was too ideal.
Quote 3
Week 7
Critic Week
Week 6
Project: Rate My Setup (final)
Weightless tea ceremony process
Weightless tea ceremony final virtual camera version
Week 5
Project: Rate My Setup(workshop 2)
Reading: Petri Dish / "Design as the Machines Come to Life" Chapter 3 from Synthetic Aesthtics
Quote 1 from "Petri Dish"
“The combination of the dish and the agar made it possible to purify and clone bacterial colonies derived from single cells with the right heat conditions. This, in turn allowed scientists to identify bacteria responsible for disease, under a microscope.”
It’s amazing to see how small modification leads to greater achievements. And also I got to think how so many great discoveries can happen in form of co-invention not just in science but also in design and technology.
Week 4
Project: Rate My Setup(workshop 1)
Reading: " Thinking in Systems" by Donella H. Meadows
Quote 1 “When it comes to individuals, companies, cities, or economies, it can be heretical. The system, to a large extent, causes its own behavior! An outside event may unleash that behavior, but the same outside event applied to a different system is likely to produce a different result.” (Introduction)
It almost sounds to me the system itself has its own life force and it made me think how amazing it is that everything eventually ends up some form of system. This part also made me wonder how we should define the system.
Quote 2“Is there anything that is not a system? Yes—a conglomeration without any particular interconnections or function. Sand scattered on a road by happenstance is not, itself, a system. You can add sand or take away sand and you still have just sand on the road. Arbitrarily add or take away football players, or pieces of your digestive system, and you quickly no longer have the same system.”
The quote “conglomeration without any particular interconnection of function” as an example of not-system was Interesting because I think I have never thought the main attribute of a system is a function. This reminded me of the works of the photographer Andrea Gursky. He takes a lot of random-looking objects picture and as a whole, the photos seems like a giant system which is quite fascinating. I’ve always thought of his photos as some kind of representation of our systems but this quote made me rethink what system really mean.
Week 3
Project: The Web as a Rube Goldberg Machine (final)
Reading: "Note on Failure" by Joyce Carol Oates
Quote 1 “The artist, perhaps more than most people, inhabits failure, degree of failure and accommodation and compromise.”
It's funny to think that a lot of what artists do is inevitably an iteration of failures. Also, it leads me a further question what is failure exactly since the meaning of fail can be varied and subjective depending on what we focus on.
Quote 2“Yet it is perhaps not failure the writer loves, so much as the addictive nature of incompletion and risk. A work of art acquires, and then demands, its own singular “voice”; it insists upon its integrity.”
I wonder what it exactly means by “nature of incompletion and risk” in this context. I believe there are no artists who love to fail but by nature, the artist tends to pursue something better and perfect and that somehow leads them to accept the fact that they might fail most of the time. So in a way, it's the process of success.
Quote 3“Isn’t there a very literal advantage to failure?”
It was interesting to see how failure can produce another success through many writers’ examples. It almost gives sublime feelings on failure. I wonder if all the arguments that the author posed about failure could be applied to design area as well.
Week 2
Project: The Web as a Rube Goldberg Machine
Reading: "You look like a thing and I love you" by Janelle Shane
update soon
Week 1
Project: The Web as a Rube Goldberg Machine
Reading: "Programming Design Systems" by Rune Madsen
Quote 1 Introduction:
"We now spend a majority of our time looking at screens instead of paper, and this has created a great need for designers who understand how to design for digital devices. But a digital product is not the same as a printed product."
It is easy to see in graphic design world that a lot of designers think that the traditional method of design such as editorial design and typography is more fundamental and crucial than digital product design. However, I have always thought that the way we deal with graphic design should change, for we now live in a world where people don't consume as much paper as before. And like the author suggested, the way we define and teach graphic design should change as well.
Quote 2What is a design system?:
The MIT Media Lab design system
"This logo is an excellent example of how a design system can be used to give both a consistent look and a distinct style to an organization. The system is both simple and flexible, and it has room for an almost infinite number of designs.”
This reminded me of MIT Media Lab’s flexible design that was done in 2005 MIT Media Lab and I still remember how surprised I was knowing that a logo can have many different forms within certain rules. I was fascinated by its visual impact as well as the logic. I think this new logo system of MIT Media Lab had definitely got influenced by their first flexible identity. It’s also interesting to see how they used the grid in the new system because in some way it’s quite similar to how Korean letters being created. Korean Letters
Quote 3A short history of color theory: "Here, Itten’s personal preferences towards the color palette bleed into an unnecessarily strict generalization about color and subject. Who is to say that yellow stripes or blue polka-dots cannot be used effectively when designing food product labeling?"
I agree with the author on this argument. Although there might be some psychological theories or reasons that operate our preference of colors, I certainly do agree that making a generalization about color can be unnecessary. It's also the designer's job to make something more appealing and less common and in order to do that, often designers take approaches where they create differently including different choices of colors. So inevitably colors is another element that the designer's subjectivity involves and that's one of the fun parts of the design process as well.


Home
About
Products
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Road Warriors Bikeshop
Welcome to the Shop!


Boom¶
-
class
components.fuselage.boom.
Boom
(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶ This class will create a dual boom connection between the Main wing’s spar line and the front face of the connector described in ‘CompoundStabilizer’.
Returns: ParaPy Geometry of the Booms
Parameters: - wing_in (Wing) – This is the Wing instantiation to build the booms.
- tail_in (CompoundStabilizer) – This is the CompoundStabilizer instantiation with connectors to build the booms.
- diameter_factor (float) – This is a factor to scale the boom diameter to the connector diameter so they fit inside one another.
- ply_number (int) – This is the number of carbon fiber pre-preg plys which the hollow booms are to be made of.
-
boom_tail_curve
[source]¶ Instantiates the curve which is later used by
booms_import
in an extrude processReturn type: RotatedCurve
-
booms_import
[source]¶ Responsible for instantiating and thus importing the boom shape into the class, this is accomplished first by an Extruded solid that is then mirrored and later fused
Return type: Fused
-
center_of_gravity
[source]¶ Retrives the Center of Gravity location of the combined booms in SI meter [m]
Return type: Point
-
component_type
[source]¶ An identifier to be able to lump masses together. Possible entries: ‘wing’ ‘fuselage’ ‘vt’ ‘ht’ ‘ct’ ‘boom’ ‘payload’ ‘prop’ ‘battery’ ‘electronics’
Returns: Component Type
-
external_shape
[source]¶ This part is the external shape of the boom.
Returns: Presents the two booms for use in wetted area calculation as well as goemetry export Return type: ScaledShape
-
internal_shape
[source]¶ This overwrites the Part defined in the class Component an internal_shape w/ a Dummy Value
Return type: None
-
ply_number
¶ Changes the number of ply’s of carbon fiber http://www.ijera.com/papers/Vol4_issue5/Version%202/J45025355.pdf
-
tail_boom
[source]¶ The main geometry output of this class
Returns: A joined set of tail-booms Return type: RotatedShape


@* * Copyright 2021 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import config.FrontendAppConfig @import components.view_application @import viewmodels.AnswerSection @import viewmodels.PdfViewModel @(appConfig: FrontendAppConfig, confirmation: Confirmation, pdfToken: String, pdf: PdfViewModel, getCountryName: String => Option[String], compositeMode: Boolean = false)(implicit request: Request[_], messages: Messages) @createLink(path: String)(implicit req: play.api.mvc.Request[_]) = @{ s"${appConfig.host}${routes.Assets.versioned(path)}" } @main_template( title = messages("confirmation.title"), appConfig = appConfig, contentClass = Some("column-full pl-0 application-confirmation"), bodyClasses = None, backLink = false){


Using SDKMAN to manage SDK’s
published by Pradeep on June 13, 2018
Some times we may want multiple java versions on our computer. Lets say we want to have java 8 to run a personal application and java 7 to run a old tool. We can install both of them but depending on what we working on, we may need to switch PATH and JAVA_HOME. It doesn’t just stop at java, what about if application depends on some old maven but we also need latest version of maven for some other project, then we need to manage multiple maven versions.
SDKMAN
SDKMAN is a Software Development Kit Manager for java developers. It provides a CLI interface to manage multiple SDK’s like java or maven in the above example. Using this tool we can easily switch, install, uninstall or update candidates. Candidates are nothing but the java SDK’s managed by SDKMAN.
Installation of SDKMAN is easy on linux based operation systems because it is written in bash but for Windows we need to have Cygwin or MSYS+MinGW. Go through this link for installation steps.
Note that SDKMAN will not manage pre-existing SDK’s. So either you need to uninstall them and reinstall with SDKMAN or you can continue to keep them.
After the installation you can see a hidden folder '.sdkman' in users home directory. This contains a sub-folder named 'candidates' which is used to store all installed candidates. We no need to learn about these directories but these folders will give us an idea of how SDKMAN works internally.
If we install multiple java versions then candidates folder will contain more than one java sub-folder. IDE’s like Eclipse or IntelliJ Idea allows us to add multiple JDK’s so we can provide java folders in the candidates to add multiple versions.
Go through this link to see the list of all SDK’s which SDKMAN can install.
CLI
Lets open a terminal and fire up some commands to see how SDKMAN works. I provided some basic commands, we can also go through this link to learn all available options.
List all available versions
Below command will list all available java versions.
$ sdk list java
================================================================================
Available Java Versions
================================================================================
9.0.7-zulu
9.0.4-openjdk
* 8.0.172-zulu
8.0.171-oracle
7.0.181-zulu
10.0.1-zulu
10.0.1-oracle
> * 10.0.0-openjdk
================================================================================
+ - local version
* - installed
> - currently in use
================================================================================
Above output is from my local machine. In the list, it indicates that I have two java versions already available on my machine (8.0.172-zulu and 10.0.0-openjdk) out of them java 10 is currently in use.
Install
No need to mention version if we want to install latest stable release. Below command will install latest stable java version.
sdk install java
While installing it asks if we want this version to be set as default. If we say Yes then it will update the PATH so this effects in all new terminal windows.
To install specific java version:
sdk install java 9.0.7-zulu
Switching versions
Switch to different version temporarily in current shell window.
sdk use java 8.0.172-zulu
Switch to different version permanently. This command will update PATH.
sdk default java 8.0.172-zulu
List current versions
To see all installed SDK’s
sdk current
Conclusion
SDKMAN is a small and easy utility to manage multiple SDK’s in our computer. Its really useful for Java developers and it makes life easier.


Preparation time
30 mins to 1 hour
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 4
For the soup, remove the dark gills from the mushrooms and discard them. Wash and dry the mushrooms, then cut into 2mm slices.
Heat the olive oil in a large heavy-based pan, add the shallots and cook until just coloured. Add the garlic and cook until soft, then add the mushrooms.
Season with salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste, and cook for 5-8 minutes or until the mushrooms are golden.
Add the lemon juice and the stock. Bring to a rapid simmer and then turn down to a low heat to gently simmer for 15 minutes.
Check the seasoning again, adding more salt and freshly ground black pepper, to taste, if necessary.
Ladle the soup into a blender or food processor and allow to cool for two minutes. Blend until smooth, then strain through a fine sieve back into a clean pan.
To finish, add the cream and stir it in over a medium heat - you can also stir in cubed butter for a silkier finish. Keep warm.
For the red mullet and mushrooms, heat a frying pan until hot then add three tablespoons of olive oil, the wild mushrooms and a pinch of salt.
Stir-fry the mushrooms until cooked through, then remove them with a slotted spoon and transfer onto a plate lined with kitchen paper.
Season both sides of the red mullet with salt and freshly ground black pepper.
Heat a second frying pan until hot then add the remaining olive oil and the red mullet skin-side down.
Give the pan a little shake to ensure that the fish doesn't stick. The fish may curl up, but do not press it down as this will zip back the skin - leave the fish be and the fillets should flatten out naturally.
Cook for 1½ minutes on the skin side, then turn over and cook for a further minute, or until completely cooked through.
Remove the fish from the pan and transfer to a plate lined with kitchen paper.
For the shallot and herb crème fraîche, place the crème fraîche into a small bowl and add the shallots and chopped herbs. Add salt, freshly ground black and lemon juice to taste and stir to combine.
To serve, put a small mound of the cooked wild mushrooms in the middle of four wide-rimmed soup bowls. Place a fillet of red mullet on top of each serving and pour the soup around. Spoon the crème fraîche mixture on top of the fish, so it melts into the soup. Drizzle extra virgin olive oil around to taste.


skate (name, options)
You define a component by passing a component name and some options to the skate()
function. The name you specify corresponds to one of the following:
is
attributeBinding to tag names is the default and preferred way of binding behaviour to elements.
is
AttributeThe is
attribute is used when you want to extend the functionality of an element that already has defined functionality, or that already is defined by the HTML spec.
Using arbitrary attribute names is good for mixing in functionality:
Class names are the least preferred method, but allow you some flexibility when working with legacy code:


"""
This module contains the machinery handling assumptions.
All symbolic objects have assumption attributes that can be accessed via
.is_<assumption name> attribute.
Assumptions determine certain properties of symbolic objects and can
have 3 possible values: True, False, None. True is returned if the
object has the property and False is returned if it doesn't or can't
(i.e. doesn't make sense):
>>> from sympy import I
>>> I.is_algebraic
True
>>> I.is_real
False
>>> I.is_prime
False
When the property cannot be determined (or when a method is not
implemented) None will be returned, e.g. a generic symbol, x, may or
may not be positive so a value of None is returned for x.is_positive.
By default, all symbolic values are in the largest set in the given context
without specifying the property. For example, a symbol that has a property
being integer, is also real, complex, etc.
Here follows a list of possible assumption names:
.. glossary::
commutative
object commutes with any other object with
respect to multiplication operation.
complex
object can have only values from the set
of complex numbers.
imaginary
object value is a number that can be written as a real
number multiplied by the imaginary unit ``I``. See
[3]_. Please note, that ``0`` is not considered to be an
imaginary number, see
`issue #7649 <https://github.com/sympy/sympy/issues/7649>`_.
real
object can have only values from the set
of real numbers.
integer
object can have only values from the set
of integers.
odd
even
object can have only values from the set of
odd (even) integers [2]_.
prime
object is a natural number greater than ``1`` that has
no positive divisors other than ``1`` and itself. See [6]_.
composite
object is a positive integer that has at least one positive
divisor other than ``1`` or the number itself. See [4]_.
zero
object has the value of ``0``.
nonzero
object is a real number that is not zero.
rational
object can have only values from the set
of rationals.
algebraic
object can have only values from the set
of algebraic numbers [11]_.
transcendental
object can have only values from the set
of transcendental numbers [10]_.
irrational
object value cannot be represented exactly by Rational, see [5]_.
finite
infinite
object absolute value is bounded (arbitrarily large).
See [7]_, [8]_, [9]_.
negative
nonnegative
object can have only negative (nonnegative)
values [1]_.
positive
nonpositive
object can have only positive (only
nonpositive) values.
hermitian
antihermitian
object belongs to the field of hermitian
(antihermitian) operators.
Examples
========
>>> from sympy import Symbol
>>> x = Symbol('x', real=True); x
x
>>> x.is_real
True
>>> x.is_complex
True
See Also
========
.. seealso::
:py:class:`sympy.core.numbers.ImaginaryUnit`
:py:class:`sympy.core.numbers.Zero`
:py:class:`sympy.core.numbers.One`
Notes
=====
Assumption values are stored in obj._assumptions dictionary or
are returned by getter methods (with property decorators) or are
attributes of objects/classes.
References
==========
.. [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_number
.. [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_%28mathematics%29
.. [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary_number
.. [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_number
.. [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrational_number
.. [6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_number
.. [7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite
.. [8] https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html#math.isfinite
.. [9] http://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.isfinite.html
.. [10] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_number
.. [11] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_number
"""
from __future__ import print_function, division
from sympy.core.facts import FactRules, FactKB
from sympy.core.core import BasicMeta
from sympy.core.compatibility import integer_types
from random import shuffle
_assume_rules = FactRules([
'integer -> rational',
'rational -> real',
'rational -> algebraic',
'algebraic -> complex',
'transcendental == complex & !algebraic',
'real -> hermitian',
'imaginary -> complex',
'imaginary -> antihermitian',
'extended_real -> commutative',
'complex -> commutative',
'complex -> finite',
'odd == integer & !even',
'even == integer & !odd',
'real -> complex',
'extended_real -> real | infinite',
'real == extended_real & finite',
'extended_real == extended_negative | zero | extended_positive',
'extended_negative == extended_nonpositive & extended_nonzero',
'extended_positive == extended_nonnegative & extended_nonzero',
'extended_nonpositive == extended_real & !extended_positive',
'extended_nonnegative == extended_real & !extended_negative',
'real == negative | zero | positive',
'negative == nonpositive & nonzero',
'positive == nonnegative & nonzero',
'nonpositive == real & !positive',
'nonnegative == real & !negative',
'positive == extended_positive & finite',
'negative == extended_negative & finite',
'nonpositive == extended_nonpositive & finite',
'nonnegative == extended_nonnegative & finite',
'nonzero == extended_nonzero & finite',
'zero -> even & finite',
'zero == extended_nonnegative & extended_nonpositive',
'zero == nonnegative & nonpositive',
'nonzero -> real',
'prime -> integer & positive',
'composite -> integer & positive & !prime',
'!composite -> !positive | !even | prime',
'irrational == real & !rational',
'imaginary -> !extended_real',
'infinite -> !finite',
'noninteger == extended_real & !integer',
'extended_nonzero == extended_real & !zero',
])
_assume_defined = _assume_rules.defined_facts.copy()
_assume_defined.add('polar')
_assume_defined = frozenset(_assume_defined)
class StdFactKB(FactKB):
"""A FactKB specialised for the built-in rules
This is the only kind of FactKB that Basic objects should use.
"""
def __init__(self, facts=None):
super(StdFactKB, self).__init__(_assume_rules)
# save a copy of the facts dict
if not facts:
self._generator = {}
elif not isinstance(facts, FactKB):
self._generator = facts.copy()
else:
self._generator = facts.generator
if facts:
self.deduce_all_facts(facts)
def copy(self):
return self.__class__(self)
@property
def generator(self):
return self._generator.copy()
def as_property(fact):
"""Convert a fact name to the name of the corresponding property"""
return 'is_%s' % fact
def make_property(fact):
"""Create the automagic property corresponding to a fact."""
def getit(self):
try:
return self._assumptions[fact]
except KeyError:
if self._assumptions is self.default_assumptions:
self._assumptions = self.default_assumptions.copy()
return _ask(fact, self)
getit.func_name = as_property(fact)
return property(getit)
def _ask(fact, obj):
"""
Find the truth value for a property of an object.
This function is called when a request is made to see what a fact
value is.
For this we use several techniques:
First, the fact-evaluation function is tried, if it exists (for
example _eval_is_integer). Then we try related facts. For example
rational --> integer
another example is joined rule:
integer & !odd --> even
so in the latter case if we are looking at what 'even' value is,
'integer' and 'odd' facts will be asked.
In all cases, when we settle on some fact value, its implications are
deduced, and the result is cached in ._assumptions.
"""
assumptions = obj._assumptions
handler_map = obj._prop_handler
# Store None into the assumptions so that recursive attempts at
# evaluating the same fact don't trigger infinite recursion.
assumptions._tell(fact, None)
# First try the assumption evaluation function if it exists
try:
evaluate = handler_map[fact]
except KeyError:
pass
else:
a = evaluate(obj)
if a is not None:
assumptions.deduce_all_facts(((fact, a),))
return a
# Try assumption's prerequisites
prereq = list(_assume_rules.prereq[fact])
shuffle(prereq)
for pk in prereq:
if pk in assumptions:
continue
if pk in handler_map:
_ask(pk, obj)
# we might have found the value of fact
ret_val = assumptions.get(fact)
if ret_val is not None:
return ret_val
# Note: the result has already been cached
return None
class ManagedProperties(BasicMeta):
"""Metaclass for classes with old-style assumptions"""
def __init__(cls, *args, **kws):
BasicMeta.__init__(cls, *args, **kws)
local_defs = {}
for k in _assume_defined:
attrname = as_property(k)
v = cls.__dict__.get(attrname, '')
if isinstance(v, (bool, integer_types, type(None))):
if v is not None:
v = bool(v)
local_defs[k] = v
defs = {}
for base in reversed(cls.__bases__):
assumptions = getattr(base, '_explicit_class_assumptions', None)
if assumptions is not None:
defs.update(assumptions)
defs.update(local_defs)
cls._explicit_class_assumptions = defs
cls.default_assumptions = StdFactKB(defs)
cls._prop_handler = {}
for k in _assume_defined:
eval_is_meth = getattr(cls, '_eval_is_%s' % k, None)
if eval_is_meth is not None:
cls._prop_handler[k] = eval_is_meth
# Put definite results directly into the class dict, for speed
for k, v in cls.default_assumptions.items():
setattr(cls, as_property(k), v)
# protection e.g. for Integer.is_even=F <- (Rational.is_integer=F)
derived_from_bases = set()
for base in cls.__bases__:
default_assumptions = getattr(base, 'default_assumptions', None)
# is an assumption-aware class
if default_assumptions is not None:
derived_from_bases.update(default_assumptions)
for fact in derived_from_bases - set(cls.default_assumptions):
pname = as_property(fact)
if pname not in cls.__dict__:
setattr(cls, pname, make_property(fact))
# Finally, add any missing automagic property (e.g. for Basic)
for fact in _assume_defined:
pname = as_property(fact)
if not hasattr(cls, pname):
setattr(cls, pname, make_property(fact))


Choose a solid color for your desk lights
Pick your list of colors and a pulse rate
Fade between your list of colors
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A flickering, single color effect


| ExpressionStatement Expression | A statement that's also an expression (probably
an assignment, though not necessarily)
|
| CompoundStatement [Variable] [Statement] | A code block. These define their own scope, so
they can have local variable declarations, as
well as a list of statements.
|
| SelectionStatement Expression Statement Statement | An if statement, with a then-clause and an
optional else clause. The else clause, if
non-existent, is represented by a NullStatement.
|
| IterationStatement Expression Statement | A while statement, with a condition and a statement.
|
| ReturnStatement | A return statement with no return value.
|
| ValueReturnStatement Expression | A return statement with a return value.
|
| NullStatement | An empty statement. These are only generated
when an IterationStatement lacks an else-clause
|


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Raheem Sterling 'tried to get Joe Gomez in headlock' as fresh details of clash emerge
Manchester City forward Raheem Sterling is reported to have knocked food over as he attempted to get the Liverpool defender in a headlock while on England duty
by Jake Polden, https://www.mirror.co.uk/authors/jake-polden/Raheem Sterling attempted to get Joe Gomez in a headlock as they clashed in the England canteen, according to new reports.
Gareth Southgate has axed Manchester City forward Sterling from the Three Lions' Euro 2020 qualifier with Montenegro as a result of the bust-up.
The incident occurred on Monday when Liverpool centre-back Gomez was in the canteen greeting his international team-mates.
Gomez spotted Sterling sitting down and walked over to him to say hello.
Sterling responded with the comment: "So you think you're the big man?", which sparked laughter from the other players - including Gomes.
The players thought the 24-year-old was joking, but things took a sudden turn.
According to The Athletic, Sterling got to his feet and attempted to get Gomez in a headlock, knocking food over on the table in the process.
A source told the publication: "It was a pretty full-on thing and food went everywhere. Sterling behaved like a bit of a child."
England boss Southgate spoke to the press on Tuesday, where he confirmed Sterling let his emotions get the better of him.
"We have taken the decision to not consider Raheem for the match against Montenegro on Thursday.
"One of the great challenges and strengths for us is that we've been able to separate club rivalries from the national team. Unfortunately the emotions of yesterday's game were still raw.
"My feeling is that the right thing for the team is the action we have taken.
"Now that the decision has been made with the agreement of the entire squad, it's important that we support the players and focus on Thursday night."


| aes_group_order {ggplot2} | R Documentation |
The group
aesthetic is by default set to the interaction of all discrete variables
in the plot. This choice often partitions the data correctly, but when it does not,
or when no discrete variable is used in the plot, you will need to explicitly define the
grouping structure by mapping group
to a variable that has a different value
for each group.
For most applications the grouping is set implicitly by mapping one or more
discrete variables to x
, y
, colour
, fill
, alpha
, shape
, size
,
and/or linetype
. This is demonstrated in the examples below.
There are three common cases where the default does not display the data correctly.
The examples below use a longitudinal dataset, Oxboys
, from the nlme package to demonstrate
these cases. Oxboys
records the heights (height) and centered ages (age) of 26 boys (Subject),
measured on nine occasions (Occasion).
Geoms commonly used with groups: geom_bar()
, geom_histogram()
, geom_line()
Run vignette("ggplot2-specs")
to see an overview of other aesthestics that
can be modified.
p <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg)) # A basic scatter plot p + geom_point(size = 4) # Using the colour aesthetic p + geom_point(aes(colour = factor(cyl)), size = 4) # Using the shape aesthetic p + geom_point(aes(shape = factor(cyl)), size = 4) # Using fill p <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(factor(cyl))) p + geom_bar() p + geom_bar(aes(fill = factor(cyl))) p + geom_bar(aes(fill = factor(vs))) # Using linetypes ggplot(economics_long, aes(date, value01)) + geom_line(aes(linetype = variable)) # Multiple groups with one aesthetic p <- ggplot(nlme::Oxboys, aes(age, height)) # The default is not sufficient here. A single line tries to connect all # the observations. p + geom_line() # To fix this, use the group aesthetic to map a different line for each # subject. p + geom_line(aes(group = Subject)) # Different groups on different layers p <- p + geom_line(aes(group = Subject)) # Using the group aesthetic with both geom_line() and geom_smooth() # groups the data the same way for both layers p + geom_smooth(aes(group = Subject), method = "lm", se = FALSE) # Changing the group aesthetic for the smoother layer # fits a single line of best fit across all boys p + geom_smooth(aes(group = 1), size = 2, method = "lm", se = FALSE) # Overriding the default grouping # Sometimes the plot has a discrete scale but you want to draw lines # that connect across groups. This is the strategy used in interaction # plots, profile plots, and parallel coordinate plots, among others. # For example, we draw boxplots of height at each measurement occasion. p <- ggplot(nlme::Oxboys, aes(Occasion, height)) + geom_boxplot() p # There is no need to specify the group aesthetic here; the default grouping # works because occasion is a discrete variable. To overlay individual # trajectories, we again need to override the default grouping for that layer # with aes(group = Subject) p + geom_line(aes(group = Subject), colour = "blue")