Common constraint programming problems
Below are the problems which I have implemented in at least two Constraint Programming systems. For more about these systems see the following links. The number shows the (approximate) number of models implemented in the system.
- AIMMS+CP, see my AIMMS+CP page (39 models)
- AMPL, see my AMPL page (279 models) [Note: Some are plain IP models]
- B-Prolog, see my B-Prolog page (207 models)
- Choco, see my Choco page (25 models)
- Choco3 (not compatible with Choco2), see my Choco3 page (90 models)
- Comet, see my Comet page (169 models)
- ECLiPSe CLP, see my ECLiPSe page (181 models)
- Essence'/Savile Row, see my Essence'/Savile Row page (70 models)
- Essence'/Tailor, see my Essence'/Tailor page (26 models)
- Gecode, see my Gecode page (165 models)
- Gecode/R, see my Gecode/R page (29 models)
- Google or-tools/C#, see my Google or-tools page (133 models)
- Google or-tools/Java, see my Google or-tools page (39 models)
- Google or-tools/Python, see my Google or-tools page (183 models)
- JaCoP, see my JaCoP page (18 models)
- JaCoP/Scala, see my JaCoP/Scala page (39 models)
- Java JSR-331, see my JSR-331 page (43 models)
- MiniZinc, see my MiniZinc page(1327 models)
- Numberjack, see my Numberjack page (52 models)
- OscaR, see my OscaR page (Scala in OR) (147 models)
- Picat, see my Picat page (1092 models) [Note: Not all are CP models]
- SICStus Prolog, see my SICStus Prolog page (152 models)
- SWI-Prolog, see my SWI-Prolog page (179 models)
- Zinc, see my Zinc page (39 models)
- Z3Py, see my Z3/Z3Py page (199 models)
- Answer Set Programming, see my Answer Set Programming page (87 encodings)
Notes:
- Note 1: This is an autogenerated file so some models may be missing, and there may be some other peculiarities.
- Note 2: I have included my Answer Set Programming encodings here as well, even if these are not strictly Constraint Programming (though it is a related paradigms and might be interesting to compare).
- Note 3: Since some of the systems are general purpose programming languages (and I tend to play with other aspects than CP when learning a new programming language), some of the shown models/programs do not use a CP approach. This applies especially to Picat.
Currently there are 609 problems implemented in at least 2 CP systems. There are 3214 implemented models. (Total implemented models, including those not showed here, is about 5009.)
Occurrences of problems
Here is the distribution of the number of implementations:
- 26: 3 (cumulative: 3)
- 25: 3 (cumulative: 6)
- 24: 1 (cumulative: 7)
- 23: 1 (cumulative: 8)
- 22: 1 (cumulative: 9)
- 21: 1 (cumulative: 10)
- 20: 2 (cumulative: 12)
- 19: 2 (cumulative: 14)
- 18: 3 (cumulative: 17)
- 17: 8 (cumulative: 25)
- 16: 11 (cumulative: 36)
- 15: 6 (cumulative: 42)
- 14: 13 (cumulative: 55)
- 13: 10 (cumulative: 65)
- 12: 6 (cumulative: 71)
- 11: 12 (cumulative: 83)
- 10: 11 (cumulative: 94)
- 9: 27 (cumulative: 121)
- 8: 22 (cumulative: 143)
- 7: 21 (cumulative: 164)
- 6: 13 (cumulative: 177)
- 5: 34 (cumulative: 211)
- 4: 44 (cumulative: 255)
- 3: 113 (cumulative: 368)
- 2: 241 (cumulative: 609)
- 1: 1795 (cumulative: 2404)
Learning problems
The following (about 177) problems are often the first problems that is modelled when learning a new Constraint Programming system. Here are shown those that has been implemented in at least 6 systems:
Common problem
Problem: 17_b (5)
Problem: 17b (3)
Problem: 1d_rubiks_cube 1D Rubik's cube (including GAP code for solving the problem using group theory) [Puzzle] (4)
Problem: 1rm Weight training: Calculations of 1RM and comparing reps x weights. [Nonlinear/Var float] (3)
Problem: 3_jugs 3 jugs problem (as shortest path problem) [Puzzle] (8)
Problem: 3_jugs2 3 jugs problem (using shortest_path_model. [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: 3_jugs_mip (3)
Problem: 3_jugs_regular (5)
Problem: 3sum 3SUM problem (general approach) [Combinatorial] (3)
Problem: 50_puzzle Fifty puzzle [Martin Chlond IP] (4)
Problem: 5x5_puzzle (3)
Problem: 99_bottles_of_beer 99 bottles of beer (Rosetta code) [Misc] (2)
Problem: abbots_puzzle (9)
Problem: abbott The Abbott's Window [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: abc_endview ABC End View grid puzzle (a.k.a. "Easy as ABC", "Last Man Standing") [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: added_corner Added corner puzzle [Puzzle] (10)
Problem: age_changing Age changing (Enigma 1224) [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: ages Ages problem from Tony Hurlimann [Nonlinear/Var float] (3)
Problem: alldifferent_cst alldifferent_cst, and alldifferent_cst using multiplication instead of addition [Global constraint] (8)
Problem: alldifferent_except_0 (22)
Problem: alldifferentexcept0 (5)
Problem: alldifferent_modulo alldifferent_modulo, all values modulo k shall be different [Global constraint] (8)
Problem: alldifferent_on_intersection alldifferent_on_intersection [Global constraint] (6)
Problem: all_different_pairs defines all_different_pairs, increasing_pairs, decreasing_pairs, and the function pairs [Global constraint] (3)
Problem: all_differ_from_at_least_k_pos all_differ_from_at_least_k_pos, all rows in a matrix has values that differs in at least k positions [Global constraint] (8)
Problem: alldiff_test (2)
Problem: all_equal (7)
Problem: all_interval All interval problem (series), (CSPLib problem 7) [Combinatorial] (18)
Problem: allinterval All interval problem (series), (CSPLib problem 7) [Combinatorial] (3)
Problem: all_min_dist all_min_dist, all values must have a minimum distance to each other [Global constraint] (8)
Problem: allpartitions (5)
Problem: alpha (3)
Problem: alphametic (7)
Problem: alphametic3 (2)
Problem: among (9)
Problem: among_seq among_seq [Global constraint] (9)
Problem: appointment_scheduling (5)
Problem: appointment_scheduling_set A set based approach to the appoiintment scheduling problem (see above). [Combinatorial] (3)
Problem: a_puzzle (9)
Problem: arbitrage_loops Arbitrage loops (currencies)
[Nonlinear/Var float] (2)
Problem: archery_puzzle Archery puzzle (Sam Loyd) [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: arch_friends Arch friends puzzle (Dell Logic Puzzles) [Puzzle] (12)
Problem: are_you_the_one Are you the one? problem [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: arith arith, enforces that all values in an array is RELOP (equal, not equal, less than, etc) some VALUE [Global constraint] (3)
Problem: arith_sliding arith_sliding, all sliding sums from 1..j must satisfy RELOP VALUE [Global constraint] (2)
Problem: a_round_of_golf A round of golf puzzle (Dell Logic Puzzles) [Puzzle] (16)
Problem: assignment Assignment problem (Winston) [OR] (18)
Problem: assignment2 Assignment problem (Winston's swimming team example) [OR] (4)
Problem: assignment3 Assigment problem (Winston, celebreties on an island) [OR] (3)
Problem: assignment6 Assigment problem (GLPK:s example assign.mod) [OR] (2)
Problem: autoref Auto referential puzzle [Puzzle] (4)
Problem: average_avoiding (2)
Problem: averbach_1.2 Example 1.2 in Averbach & Chein "Problem Solving Through Recreational Mathematics" [Puzzle] (6)
Problem: averbach_1_2 (2)
Problem: averbach_1.3 Example 1.3 in Averbach & Chein "Problem Solving Through Recreational Mathematics" [Puzzle] (6)
Problem: averbach_1.4 Example 1.4 in Averbach & Chein "Problem Solving Through Recreational Mathematics" [Puzzle] (9)
Problem: babysitting Babysitting puzzle (Dell Logic Puzzles) [Puzzle] (9)
Problem: balanced_brackets Generate balanced brackets [Combinatorial] (3)
Problem: bales_of_hay Bales of hay puzzle [Puzzle] (11)
Problem: bananas Bananas problem. [Puzzle] (4)
Problem: bertrand_russell_puzzle Bertrand Russell puzzle [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: best_host Best host problem (from PuzzlOR) [OR] (5)
Problem: best_shuffle (2)
Problem: big_bang2 (3)
Problem: binary_sudoku Binary Sudoku [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: bin_packing (7)
Problem: bin_packing2 Bin packing (different from the one above) [Combinatorial] (7)
Problem: birthday_paradox Birthday paradox (birthday problem) [Nonlinear/Var float] (2)
Problem: birthdays_coins Tommy's Birthday Coins [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: blending Blending problem (OPL) [Nonlinear/Var float] (5)
Problem: book_buy Book buy puzzle [Martin Chlond IP] (4)
Problem: book_discount Book discount problem [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: bowlsandoranges (4)
Problem: box Design a box [Nonlinear/Var float] (4)
Problem: bplan (2)
Problem: breaking_news Breaking news puzzle (Dell Logic Puzzles) [Puzzle] (11)
Problem: brians_ruler (2)
Problem: bridge_and_torch_problem Bridge and torch problem, crossing a bridge with a torch (a.k.a. The Midnight Train, and Dangerous crossing).
[Puzzle] (2)
Problem: broken_weights Broken weights problem [Puzzle] (14)
Problem: build_a_house (4)
Problem: building_a_house Simple scheduling problem: building a house (from OPL) [OR] (7)
Problem: building_blocks Building blocks (Dell Logic Puzzles) [Puzzle] (7)
Problem: building_design Building design [Nonlinear/Var float] (2)
Problem: bus_schedule (14)
Problem: busschedule Bus scheduling (Taha) [OR] (3)
Problem: bus_scheduling_csplib Bus driver scheduling (CSPLib problem 22). Data files: [OR] (4)
Problem: calculs_d_enfer Calculs d'enfer puzzle (from the NCL manual) [Puzzle] (16)
Problem: calvin_puzzle Calvin puzzle [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: candies Candies problem (from HackerRank) [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: capital_budget2 Capital Budget (Winston) [OR] (4)
Problem: car Car sequencing problem (OPL) [Combinatorial] (8)
Problem: carpool_fairness Carpool fairness
[Combinatorial] (2)
Problem: car_talk_odometer Odometer problem from Cat Talk [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: cashier_change Cashier change problem (coin problem) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: catalan_numbers Catalan numbers [Misc] (2)
Problem: celsius_fahrenheit Conversion from/to degree Celsius to/from degree Fahrenheit [Nonlinear/Var float] (2)
Problem: change circular change, number of changes in an array [Global constraint] (2)
Problem: changes (6)
Problem: chessset Chess set problem (XPress) [OR] (3)
Problem: chinese_remainder_problem Chinese remainder problem [Misc] (2)
Problem: choosing_teams (2)
Problem: circling_squares Circling the Squares (Dudeney) [Nonlinear/Var float] (9)
Problem: circuit (13)
Problem: circuit2 (2)
Problem: circuit_test circuit [Global constraint] (4)
Problem: circular circular: ensure that an array of length m
with domain 1..n
are circular ordered (and can start on any value of 1..n
). [Global constraint] (2)
Problem: circular_except_0 circular: ensure that an array of length m
with domain 1..5
are circular ordered (and can start on any value of 1..5
), and supports dummy values (= 0). [Global constraint] (2)
Problem: clique clique [Global constraint] (9)
Problem: clock_triplet (4)
Problem: clocktriplet Clock Triplets [Martin Gardner] (5)
Problem: closest_1x2_rectangle (2)
Problem: coins Coin puzzle [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: coins3 Minimum mumber of coins that allows one to pay exactly any amount smaller than one Euro [Puzzle] (15)
Problem: coins_add_up_puzzlor (2)
Problem: coins_grid Coins Grid (Tony Hurlimann) [Puzzle] (25)
Problem: coins_grid_mip (2)
Problem: collatz Collatz problem [Misc] (2)
Problem: color Map coloring, Martin Gardner's coloring problem (BProlog) [Martin Gardner] (2)
Problem: coloring_ip Map coloring, integer programming (inspired by the GLPK model color.mod) [OR] (3)
Problem: color_simple Simple coloring of a map (Murty) [Combinatorial] (2)
Problem: combinatorial_auction Simple combinatorial auction problem (compare with the set covering/set partition problem in (10)
Problem: combinatorialauction Simple combinatorial auction problem (compare with the set covering/set partition problem in (5)
Problem: connected (2)
Problem: contiguity_regular global_contiguity (using regular constraint) [Global constraint] (5)
Problem: contracting_costs (5)
Problem: controversy_about_the_weekday Controversy about the weekday [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: cookie_bake_off Cookie bake off (PuzzlOr) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: cookie_bake_off2 Cookie bake off (PuzzlOr) [Nonlinear/Var float] (2)
Problem: costas_array Costas array (based on Barry O'Sullivan's model) [Combinatorial] (11)
Problem: countdown2 (2)
Problem: covering_opl (15)
Problem: crew Crew scheduling (Gecode) [OR] (13)
Problem: critical_path1 Critical Path (Winston) [OR] (3)
Problem: crossbar Crossbar problem (Prolog benchmark problem) [OR] (2)
Problem: crossfigure Crossfigure problem (CSPLib problem 21) [Puzzle] (5)
Problem: crossword Crossword solving (standard constraint programming example) [Puzzle] (12)
Problem: crossword2 Crossword solving (standard constraint programming example), more general approach [Puzzle] (12)
Problem: crossword_bratko Crossword solving (example from Bratko "Prolog Programming for Artificial Intelligence", 4th edition) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: crosswords (2)
Problem: crosswords2 (2)
Problem: crowd The crowded board [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: crypta crypta, alphametic problem (standard Prolog benchmark) [Puzzle] (13)
Problem: crypto crypto, alphametic problem (standard Prolog benchmark), constraint programming model [Puzzle] (12)
Problem: cumulative_test Test of cumulative (defined in globals. [Global constraint] (5)
Problem: curious_set_of_integers Curious set of integers [Martin Gardner] (11)
Problem: cur_num Curious Number (Dudeney) [Puzzle] (10)
Problem: curve_fitting1 Curve fitting 1 (Williams) [Nonlinear/Var float] (2)
Problem: curve_fitting2 Curve fitting 2 (Williams) [Nonlinear/Var float] (2)
Problem: cutting_stock_winston Cutting stock problem (Winston) [OR] (3)
Problem: cyclohexane Cyclohexane problem (Dudeney) [Nonlinear/Var float] (3)
Problem: czech_logical_labyrinth (2)
Problem: dakota_furniture (3)
Problem: dea Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model (GLPK example) [Nonlinear/Var float] (2)
Problem: debruijnbinary de Bruijn sequence (graph) [Combinatorial] (20)
Problem: debruijn_binary de Bruijn sequence (graph) [Combinatorial] (5)
Problem: decent Decentralization (Williams) [Nonlinear/Var float] (2)
Problem: defending_castle Defending the Castle (Cut the knot) [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: devils_word (10)
Problem: dice_with_a_difference_enigma_290 Dice with a difference (#290) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: diet (17)
Problem: diet Diet problem (standard OR example) [OR] (8)
Problem: diet2 Diet problem, larger (GLPK example) [Nonlinear/Var float] (4)
Problem: dinner A dinner problem [Puzzle] (9)
Problem: dirichlet Dirichlet problem (triangle problem) [Nonlinear/Var float] (2)
Problem: discrete_tomography (16)
Problem: distribute (7)
Problem: divisible_by_1_to_9 Find a number divisible by 1 through 9 (for a "truncated" number) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: divisible_by_9_through_1 divisible by 9 through 1 for a "truncated" number [Puzzle] (17)
Problem: divisors_ending_in_0_to_9 Divisors ending in 0 to 9 [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: donald_gerald (6)
Problem: dqueens (3)
Problem: drive_ya_nuts Drive Ya Nuts puzzle (rotated "nuts") [Puzzle] (4)
Problem: dudeney (3)
Problem: dudeney_bishop_placement1 Dudeney's bishop placement problem I [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: dudeney_bishop_placement2 Dudeney's bishop placement problem II [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: dudeney_numbers (5)
Problem: dynamical_optimization1 Dynamical optimization [Nonlinear/Var float] (2)
Problem: earthlin Earthlings [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: egg_basket Egg basket puzzle [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: einav_puzzle (9)
Problem: einav_puzzle2 (2)
Problem: einstein_hurlimann Einstein puzzle (variant of Zebra puzzle) [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: einstein_opl Einstein puzzle (variant of Zebra puzzle, from an OPL model) [Puzzle] (5)
Problem: element_test (4)
Problem: enigma Enigma [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: enigma2 (2)
Problem: enigma_430_let_the_fingers_do_the_walking (2)
Problem: eq10 Problem with 10 equation (standard constraint programming problem) [Nonlinear/Var float] (11)
Problem: eq20 (10)
Problem: equation Solve the problem 11x11=4; 22x22=16; 33x33=?
(four interpretations) [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: euler1 Project Euler problem #1 [Puzzle] (4)
Problem: euler10 (2)
Problem: euler11 (2)
Problem: euler18 Project Euler problem #18 [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: euler2 Project Euler problem #2 [Puzzle] (4)
Problem: euler3 (2)
Problem: euler30 Project Euler problem #30 [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: euler31 Project Euler problem #31 [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: euler39 Project Euler problem #39 [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: euler4 (2)
Problem: euler5 Project Euler problem #5, (3)
Problem: euler52 Project Euler problem #52 [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: euler6 Project Euler problem #6 [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: euler7 (2)
Problem: euler8 (2)
Problem: euler9 Project Euler problem #9 [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: evens (slightly different approach: (3)
Problem: evision Equal Vision [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: exactly (4)
Problem: exodus Exodus problem (Dell Logic Puzzle) [Puzzle] (9)
Problem: eyedrop_optimize2 Optimize the time (hour) a number of different eye drops should be taken on a day (disperse each type as much as possible). This version don't use temporary varibles which makes it (much) faster for some solvers. [OR] (2)
Problem: factorial Factorial (alternative version not using the prod predicate) [Misc] (2)
Problem: fair_xmas_duty (2)
Problem: fair_xmas_duty_2014 Fair Xmas duty 2014 (Swedish holidays) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: family_riddle Family riddle [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: fancy Mr Greenguest puzzle (Fancy dress puzzle) [Puzzle] (10)
Problem: fib (3)
Problem: fill_a_pix Fill-a-pix puzzle.
[Puzzle] (14)
Problem: fill_in_the_squares Fill in the squares (Brainjammer problem) [Puzzle] (6)
Problem: finding_celebrities Finding celebrities at a party (indicence matrix). [Combinatorial] (5)
Problem: finding_celebrities2 Finding celebrities at a party, using only set constraints. [Combinatorial] (2)
Problem: find_missing_number Find the missing number in a (random ordered) sequence of digits. Some data files: [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: five (alternative model: (3)
Problem: five_brigands (6)
Problem: five_elements Five elements problem (Charles W. Trigg) [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: five_floors Five floors problem (Dinesman) [Puzzle] (4)
Problem: five_statements Five statements problem (logic problem) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: five_translators Five translators (set version) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: five_translators2 Five translators, matrix 0/1 version [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: fixed_charge Fixed charged problem (OPL) [OR] (3)
Problem: fizzbuzz Fizz buzz problem [Misc] (2)
Problem: football_five_teams_new_method (2)
Problem: four_islands Four islands puzzle (Dell Logic Puzzles) [Puzzle] (11)
Problem: four_numbers (2)
Problem: fractions Fractions, alphametic problem (standard Prolog benchmark) [Puzzle] (8)
Problem: funny_dice Funny dice problem (Sunday Times teaser 2739) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: furniture Furniture problem (best combination of offers to buy furnitures) [OR] (2)
Problem: furnituremovingtransition Optimizing furniture moving (Marriott and Stuckey) [OR] (19)
Problem: furniture_moving2 (3)
Problem: futoshiki Futoshiki puzzle [Puzzle] (14)
Problem: games Simple game theory example (Vanderbei "Linear Programming - Foundations - and Extensions", page 147ff) [Nonlinear/Var float] (3)
Problem: game_theory_taha Game theory, zero sum game (Taha, Operations Research) [Nonlinear/Var float] (8)
Problem: gap Generalized Assignment Problem (GLPK, AMPL) [OR] (2)
Problem: gcc_test (2)
Problem: general_store General store problem (Sam Loyd) [Puzzle] (9)
Problem: geost_test (2)
Problem: geost_test1 (2)
Problem: geost_test2 (2)
Problem: giapetto Simple optimization problem of maximizing profit [OR] (3)
Problem: global_cardinality (4)
Problem: global_contiguity global_contiguity [Global constraint] (9)
Problem: global_contiguity2 global_contiguity (different approach) [Global constraint] (2)
Problem: global_contiguity_regular (2)
Problem: golf_puzzle Golf puzzle (Sam Loyd) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: golomb_ruler (8)
Problem: good_burger_puzzlor Good Burger (PuzzlOR) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: gray_code Gray code [Combinatorial] (2)
Problem: greatest_subsequential_sum (2)
Problem: grid17x17 (2)
Problem: grocery (10)
Problem: hamming_distance Hamming distance [Combinatorial] (9)
Problem: handshaking (3)
Problem: hanging_weights Hanging weights puzzle [Puzzle] (6)
Problem: han_matrix_problem (2)
Problem: han_matrix_problem2 (2)
Problem: heterosquare Heterosquare problem [Puzzle] (9)
Problem: hidato Hidato puzzle [Puzzle] (17)
Problem: hidato_table Hidato puzzle, using a table
constraint.  [Puzzle] (4)
Problem: kenken2 KenKen puzzle [Puzzle] (14)
Problem: kidney_exchange Simple kidney exchange model (inspired by Pascal Van Hentenryck's introduction to the Coursera Course "Discrete Optimization") [Combinatorial] (2)
Problem: killer_sudoku Killer Sudoku puzzle [Puzzle] (16)
Problem: knapsack (8)
Problem: knapsack2 Another knapsack problem [Combinatorial] (2)
Problem: knapsack_investments Knapsack (investment) problem (Lundgren, Rönnqvist, Värbrand: Optimeringslära) [OR] (8)
Problem: knapsack_mip (2)
Problem: knapsack_rosetta_code_01 Knapsack problem, 0/1 (Rosetta code) [Combinatorial] (4)
Problem: knapsack_rosetta_code_bounded Knapsack problem, bounded (Rosetta code) [Combinatorial] (4)
Problem: knapsack_rosetta_code_unbounded Knapsack problem (float), Unbounded (Rosetta code) [Combinatorial] (2)
Problem: knapsack_rosetta_code_unbounded_int Knapsack problem Unbounded, integer version of (2)
Problem: knights_path (3)
Problem: knight_tour_circuit (2)
Problem: kntdom Knight domination puzzle - all squares threatened [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: kqueens Kraitchik's queen placement problem [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: krypto Krypto puzzle (combine given numbers to an objective using the four basic arithmetic operations) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: labeled_dice (16)
Problem: labeled_dice2 (2)
Problem: langford (16)
Problem: langford2 Langford's number problem (k=2) (CSPLib problem 24) [Combinatorial] (3)
Problem: langford_generalized Langford's number problem, (k >= 2) (CSPLib problem 24) [Combinatorial] (2)
Problem: latin_square_card_puzzle Latin square card puzzle [Puzzle] (4)
Problem: latin_squares (5)
Problem: lazy_bureaucrat_problem (2)
Problem: lccoin Lewis Carroll coin puzzle [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: leap_year Leap year [Misc] (2)
Problem: leastdiff2 Least diff problem: What is the smallest difference between two numbers X - Y if you must use all the digits (0..9) exactly once? [Puzzle] (21)
Problem: leastdiff2 (7)
Problem: least_square (3)
Problem: least_square_optimeringslara_286 Least sqauare (Lundgren, Rönnqvist, Värbrand: Optimeringslära) [OR] (3)
Problem: lectures Lectures, schedule problem from Biggs "Discrete Mathematics" [Combinatorial] (13)
Problem: lecture_series Lecture series puzzle (Dell Logic Puzzles) [Puzzle] (9)
Problem: lehmer_code_from_permutation Lehmer code from permutation [Combinatorial] (2)
Problem: lichtenstein_coloring Coloring problem: Lichtenstein's communes and exclaves [Combinatorial] (7)
Problem: light_meal Lightmeal problem (Colmerauer) [OR] (3)
Problem: lights Lights on puzzle [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: lights_out Lights out puzzle [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: lights_out_all Variant of Lights out puzzle (flip all cells in row and column) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: local_art_theft Local Art Theft problem. [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: m12 (2)
Problem: magic Magic square, integer programming (GLPK) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: magic_hexagon (11)
Problem: magic_sequence Magic sequence (CSPLib) [Puzzle] (12)
Problem: magic_series Magic series [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: magic_square Magic squares [Puzzle] (14)
Problem: magic_square2 (3)
Problem: magic_square_and_cards (9)
Problem: magic_squares_and_cards Magic squares and cards [Martin Gardner] (2)
Problem: magicsquarewaterretention Magic squares water retention problem [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: magic_venn_diagram (2)
Problem: make_a_good_burger Make a Good Burger problem [OR] (2)
Problem: mamas_age Mama's age (Dudeney) [Puzzle] (7)
Problem: manasa_and_stones Manasa and Stones problem [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: mango_puzzle Mango puzzle [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: mankell (5)
Problem: map Simple coloring of a map [Combinatorial] (14)
Problem: map2 Simple coloring of a map (using symmetry breaking with precedence/1) [Combinatorial] (6)
Problem: map_coloring (8)
Problem: mapcoloring2 (2)
Problem: marathon Marathon puzzle (XPress example), MIP model [Puzzle] (5)
Problem: marathon2 Marathon puzzle (XPress example), CP model [Puzzle] (14)
Problem: markov_chains Markov chain of market shares (from "Statistisk Dataanalys") [Nonlinear/Var float] (2)
Problem: markov_chains_taha Markov chains (fertlizer example from Taha "Operations Research") [Nonlinear/Var float] (2)
Problem: matching_sums (2)
Problem: matchup_puzzlor_aug_2016 (2)
Problem: matrix_puzzle (2)
Problem: max_activity (2)
Problem: max_activity2 (2)
Problem: max_flow Maximum flow problem (GLPK) [OR] (2)
Problem: max_flow_taha Maximum flow problem (Taha) [OR] (7)
Problem: max_flow_winston1 Maximum flow problem (Winston) [OR] (10)
Problem: maximal_independent_sets Maximal independent sets (cf (2)
Problem: message_sending Message sending puzzle (cf all_paths_graph. [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: miguel_henley_cutting (2)
Problem: minesweeper Minesweeper puzzle [Puzzle] (25)
Problem: minesweeper2 minesweeper_2. [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: minimum_except_0 minimum_except_0 [Global constraint] (2)
Problem: minsum Minsum problem [Combinatorial] (2)
Problem: mip_test (2)
Problem: mislabeled_boxes Mislabeled boxes (theorem proving problem, TPTP #12) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: misp Maximum Independent Set Problem (GLPK) (cf (2)
Problem: miss_manners Miss Manners' seating problem (standard benchmark for rule engines). Data: [Puzzle] (4)
Problem: mod_test (2)
Problem: money_change Simple money change problem [Puzzle] (4)
Problem: monks_and_doors Eight monks and four doors [Puzzle] (9)
Problem: mortgage Mortgage (standard constraint programming problem) [Nonlinear/Var float] (4)
Problem: movement_puzzle Movement puzzle (1d array) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: moving_coins Moving coins in a triangle (generalized model) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: m_queens_on_n_board M queens on a N x N board [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: mr_smith Mr Smith problem (IF Prolog) [Puzzle] (14)
Problem: muddle_management Muddle management (Logic4Fun) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: multiplicative_sequence Multiplicative sequence [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: music_men Music men puzzle [Puzzle] (8)
Problem: nadel B.A. Nadel's construction problem [OR] (7)
Problem: nim (3)
Problem: nine_to_one_equals_100 Nine to one equals 100 [Martin Gardner] (2)
Problem: non_dominating_queens Non-dominating queens problem [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: nonlin2 Non linear problem (Taha) [Nonlinear/Var float] (3)
Problem: nonogram Nonogram, a. [Puzzle] (4)
Problem: nonogram_regular Nongoram, a. [Puzzle] (5)
Problem: nontransitive_dice Nontransitive dice [Combinatorial] (9)
Problem: nqueens (7)
Problem: nqueens2 (5)
Problem: numberlink Numberlink grid puzzle
[Puzzle] (2)
Problem: number_lock Number lock problem (Presh Talwalkar, MindYourDecisions) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: number_lock2 (2)
Problem: number_of_days Number of days problem (knapsack) [OR] (8)
Problem: number_square Recreational mathematics (Pascal Van Hentenryck: "The OPL Optimization Programming Language") [Puzzle] (4)
Problem: nurse_rostering (2)
Problem: nurse_rostering_regular (3)
Problem: nvalue (5)
Problem: nvalues nvalues [Global constraint] (5)
Problem: olympic Olympic problem (standard Prolog benchmark) [Puzzle] (13)
Problem: one_to_many One to Many problem (StackOverflow) [Combinatorial] (2)
Problem: online_dating_service Online Dating Service (Decision Management Community problem) [OR] (2)
Problem: onroad On the road [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: organize_day Scheduling, organizing a day (ECLiPSe) [OR] (14)
Problem: ormat_game (7)
Problem: pair_divides_the_sum Pair divides the sum problem [Puzzle] (5)
Problem: pandigital_numbers Pandigital numbers (any base <= 10) [Puzzle] (14)
Problem: partition_into_subset_of_equal_values (2)
Problem: partition_into_subsets_of_equal_values (4)
Problem: partition_into_subsets_of_equal_values2 (2)
Problem: party_mixing Party mixing (mixing people at different tables), (2)
Problem: penguin Nonmonotonic reasoning: can Tweety - a penguin - fly? (Alma-0) [Misc] (2)
Problem: people_in_a_room (2)
Problem: perfect_shuffle Perfect shuffle [Combinatorial] (2)
Problem: perfect_square (2)
Problem: perfect_square_placement (2)
Problem: perfect_square_sequence Perfect square sequence [Puzzle] (8)
Problem: pert PERT problem (van Hentenryck) [OR] (9)
Problem: photo_problem (13)
Problem: photo_stackoverflow Another photo problem [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: picking_teams Picking teams (where the objective is to minimize the differences in total strength of each team). [Combinatorial] (5)
Problem: picking_teams2 (2)
Problem: pigeon_hole Pigeon hole problem (CLP-FD) [Combinatorial] (10)
Problem: pilgrim The Riddle of the Pilgrims [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: place_number Placing Number Puzzle [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: place_number_puzzle (15)
Problem: planet_colonization_puzzlor Planet Colonization (PuzzlOR problem) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: p_median P-median problem (OPL) [Nonlinear/Var float] (10)
Problem: portfolio_optimization2 Portfolio optimization (from Xpress-Mosel) [Combinatorial] (2)
Problem: post_office_problem Post office problem (Winston) [OR] (5)
Problem: post_office_problem2 Post office problem, generalized model (Winston) [OR] (11)
Problem: power_set Power set [Combinatorial] (2)
Problem: prime_multiplication Prime multiplication [Martin Gardner] (2)
Problem: primes_in_a_circle Primes in a circle [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: production (4)
Problem: public_school_problem Public School Problem [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: puzzle1 Yet another column/row sum problem [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: pythagoras Pythagoras number [Misc] (8)
Problem: quasigroup_completion Quasigroup completion problem [Combinatorial] (26)
Problem: queens (4)
Problem: rabbits (8)
Problem: racetrack_holger (2)
Problem: regular (4)
Problem: reindeer_ordering Reindeer ordering (Decision Management Community problem) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: remainder_puzzle (alternative model: (2)
Problem: remainder_puzzle2 (3)
Problem: remainders (6)
Problem: remarkable_sequence Remarkable sequence (from an Alma-0 model), i.e Langford problem n=9, k=3. [Puzzle] (6)
Problem: reverse_multiples Reverse multiples [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: rogo Rogo grid puzzle, (2)
Problem: rogo2 (7)
Problem: rogo_20110106 (2)
Problem: rogo_20110107 (2)
Problem: rogo_mike_trick (2)
Problem: rot13 Rot 13 (Caesar) cipher [Misc] (4)
Problem: rotation Nokia's "rotation puzzle" [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: runs Number of runs in an array (sequence) [Combinatorial] (3)
Problem: safe_cracking Safe cracking [Puzzle] (13)
Problem: sangraal (2)
Problem: sat Satisfiability Problem, integer programming (GLPK) [Combinatorial] (3)
Problem: scene_allocation (3)
Problem: schedule1 Scheduling using cumulative constraint (Sicstus) [OR] (7)
Problem: schedule2 Scheduling problem, yet another (from Shasha "Puzzles for Programmers and Pros", page 131f) [OR] (4)
Problem: scheduling_speakers Scheduling speakers (Rina Dechter) [OR] (15)
Problem: scheduling_speakers_optimize (3)
Problem: scheduling_speakers_optimize2 (2)
Problem: scheduling_test (2)
Problem: scheduling_with_multiple_workers Scheduling with parallel machines. [OR] (2)
Problem: schoolgirls (2)
Problem: schur_numbers (2)
Problem: scp41 Set covering problem (orlib #41) [Combinatorial] (2)
Problem: secret_santa Secret Santa problem [Puzzle] (11)
Problem: secret_santa2 Another Secret Santa problem [Puzzle] (9)
Problem: self_referential_quiz Self-referential quiz [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: self_referential_sentence Self-referential sentence [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: send_more_money Alphametic puzzle: SEND + MORE = MONEY [Puzzle] (13)
Problem: send_more_money2 Alphametic puzzle: SEND + MORE = MONEY, alternative model [Puzzle] (8)
Problem: send_more_money_any_base Alphametic puzzle: SEND + MORE = MONEY, in any base [Puzzle] (17)
Problem: send_most_money Alphametic puzzle: SEND + MOST = MONEY (maximize MONEY) [Puzzle] (20)
Problem: send_most_money2 (3)
Problem: sequence (4)
Problem: sequence_problem (2)
Problem: sequence_puzzle (2)
Problem: sequencesum (2)
Problem: seseman (26)
Problem: seseman2 Seseman Convent problem, generalized model [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: set_covering Set covering, placing of firestations (Winston) [Combinatorial] (18)
Problem: set_covering2 Set covering, number of security telephons on a campus (Taha) [Combinatorial] (16)
Problem: set_covering3 Set covering, senators making a committe (Murty) [Combinatorial] (17)
Problem: set_covering4 Set covering problem (Lundgren, Rönnqvist, Värbrand "Optimeringslära") [Combinatorial] (17)
Problem: set_covering5 Set covering, work scheduling (Lundgren, Rönnqvist, Värbrand "Optimeringslära") [Combinatorial] (5)
Problem: set_covering6 (3)
Problem: set_covering_deployment Set covering deployment [Combinatorial] (17)
Problem: set_covering_opl Set covering (OPL) [Combinatorial] (4)
Problem: set_covering_skiena Set covering (Skiena) [Combinatorial] (13)
Problem: set_packing Set packing [Combinatorial] (3)
Problem: set_partition Set partitioning [Combinatorial] (16)
Problem: set_puzzle (2)
Problem: seven11
[Martin Chlond IP] (2)
Problem: shopping_basket6 Optimize a shopping basket with delivery costs. [OR] (3)
Problem: shortest_path1 Shortest path problem, selling/buying a car (Winston) [Combinatorial] (3)
Problem: shortest_path2 Shortest path problem (Winston) [Combinatorial] (3)
Problem: sicherman_dice Sicherman dice problem [Combinatorial] (14)
Problem: ski_assignment (16)
Problem: ski_assignment_problem Ski assignment problem [OR] (2)
Problem: skyscraper Skyscraper puzzle [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: sliding_sum (8)
Problem: smuggler_knapsack Smuggler's knapsack (Marriott and Stuckey: "Programming with Constraints") [Combinatorial] (4)
Problem: smugglers_knapsack (3)
Problem: smullyan_knights_knaves Raymond Smullyan's Knights and Knaves problems [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: smullyan_portia Raymond Smullyan's Portia problems [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: social_golfers1 Social golfers (OPL) [OR] (4)
Problem: social_golfers2 (3)
Problem: sonet (3)
Problem: sonet_problem SONET problem [Combinatorial] (4)
Problem: special_6_digit_number Special 6 digit number problem (Mind Your Decisions) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: spreadsheet Simple spreadsheet problem [Nonlinear/Var float] (7)
Problem: square_root_of_wonderful Square Root of Wonderful [Martin Gardner] (5)
Problem: squeens Schuh's queen placement problem [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: stable_marriage Stable marriage [OR] (16)
Problem: stablemarriagerandom (2)
Problem: stamp_licking The gentle art of stamp-licking [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: steiner Steiner triplet problem [Combinatorial] (8)
Problem: stigler Original Stigler's 1939 diet problem (GLPK) [Nonlinear/Var float] (5)
Problem: strimko (3)
Problem: strimko2 (14)
Problem: strimko2_002 (2)
Problem: strimko2_067 (2)
Problem: strimko2_068 (2)
Problem: strimko2_069 (2)
Problem: strimko2_070 (2)
Problem: stuckey_seesaw Balancing on a seesaw (Marriot and Stuckey) [OR] (9)
Problem: subset_sum Subset sum (Murty) [Combinatorial] (17)
Problem: sudoku (12)
Problem: sudoku2 (4)
Problem: sudoku_4x4 (2)
Problem: sudoku_gcc Sudoku, using the global cardinality constraint.
[Puzzle] (3)
Problem: sudoku_generate (2)
Problem: sudoku_ip Sudoku, integer programming (GLPK) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: sudoku_multi Multi-Sudoku (two connected Sudokus) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: sum_first_and_last (2)
Problem: sum_to_100 Five numbers should sum to 100, and all numbers must be divisible by 2 or 5 [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: super_number Super number puzzle (the first i digits of a 10 digit number is divisible by i) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: superpermutations Superpermutation problem
Instances: [Combinatorial] (2)
Problem: survo_puzzle Survo puzzle [Puzzle] (26)
Problem: table (3)
Problem: talisman_square Talisman Square [Puzzle] (9)
Problem: team_building Teambuilding (OPL) [OR] (2)
Problem: tea_mixing Dudeney's tea mixing problem [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: temporal_reasoning Temporal reasoning (Apt) [Combinatorial] (3)
Problem: tennis_problem Tennis problem (Jean-Loius Laurière) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: tennis_tournament Tennis tournament scheduling [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: test1 (2)
Problem: the_family_puzzle (4)
Problem: three_in_a_row_puzzle 3-in-a-row puzzle [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: tictactoe_avoidance (2)
Problem: timetable Timetable of courses (from Alma-0) [OR] (2)
Problem: timpkin Mrs Timpkin's age problem (Dudeney) [Puzzle] (9)
Problem: tobacco Clarke's tobacconist [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: tomography Discrete Tomography (one color model) [Puzzle] (5)
Problem: to_num (19)
Problem: torn_number Torn number puzzle (Dudeney) [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: torn_numbers (5)
Problem: tourist_site_competition Tourist site competition (Pierre Flener) [Combinatorial] (11)
Problem: traffic_lights Traffic lights problem (CSPLib problem 16) [Combinatorial] (16)
Problem: trains (3)
Problem: transp Transportation problem (GLPK) [Nonlinear/Var float] (2)
Problem: transp1 Transportation problem (OPL) [Nonlinear/Var float] (3)
Problem: transportation Transportation problem (ECLiPSe) [OR] (3)
Problem: transshipment Transshipment problem (Winston) [OR] (3)
Problem: trial1 The First Trial [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: trial2 The Second Trial [Martin Chlond IP] (2)
Problem: trial3 The Third Trial [Martin Chlond IP] (2)
Problem: trial4 The Fourth Trial [Martin Chlond IP] (2)
Problem: trial5 The Fifth Trial [Martin Chlond IP] (2)
Problem: trial6 The Sixth Trial [Martin Chlond IP] (2)
Problem: tricky_multiple_question Tricky multiple question [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: tsp Travelling Salesman Problem, integer programming (GLPK) [OR] (6)
Problem: tsp_circuit Travelling salesperson problem, using circuit predicate [Combinatorial] (3)
Problem: tsptw Travelling salesperson problem with time windows [Combinatorial] (2)
Problem: tunapalooza Tunapalooza puzzle (Dell Logic Puzzles) [Puzzle] (8)
Problem: twelve Twelve draughts puzzle [Martin Chlond IP] (3)
Problem: twelve_statements Twelve statements puzzle [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: twin_letters Twin letters [Puzzle] (9)
Problem: two_cube_calendar Two cube calendar [Martin Gardner] (2)
Problem: uniform_dice2 Uniform dice (Mind Your Decisions) [Combinatorial] (2)
Problem: urban_planning (2)
Problem: valet2018_pre_wednesday (2)
Problem: volsay Volsay problem (OPL) [Nonlinear/Var float] (6)
Problem: volsay1 (5)
Problem: volsay2 Volsay problem, with arrays (OPL) [Nonlinear/Var float] (9)
Problem: volsay3 Volsay problem, with components (OPL) [Nonlinear/Var float] (7)
Problem: voltage_divider Voltage divider problem problem from Marriott & Stuckey "Programming in Constraints" [Nonlinear/Var float] (2)
Problem: warehouse (7)
Problem: war_or_peace War or peace problem (Alma-0) [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: water_buckets1 Water bucket problem (generalized) [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: wedding_optimal_chart (4)
Problem: were2 Werewolves II [Martin Chlond IP] (2)
Problem: were4 Werewolves IV [Martin Chlond IP] (2)
Problem: who_killed_agatha Who killed agatha? (The Dreadsbury Mansion Murder Mystery, a automated reasoning problem, TPTP #1) [Puzzle] (25)
Problem: who_killed_agatha2 (2)
Problem: whokilledagatha_element (2)
Problem: wijuko Wijuko grid puzzle [Puzzle] (2)
Problem: wine_cask_puzzle Wine cask puzzle [Martin Chlond IP] (2)
Problem: word_golf Word golf (word chain) [Puzzle] (3)
Problem: word_square Word square: square matrix cross words (fill the whole square with unique words). [Puzzle] (13)
Problem: word_square2 (3)
Problem: word_square_double (2)
Problem: xkcd (24)
Problem: young_tableaux Young tableaux [Combinatorial] (23)
Problem: zebra (11)
Problem: zebra_1_5 (2)
Problem: zoo_buses_and_kids Zoo, buses, and kids (DM Community) [Puzzle] (2)
By Hakan Kjellerstrand<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Also see:


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This SRFI is currently in final status. Here is an explanation of each status that a SRFI can hold. To provide input on this SRFI, please send email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>. To subscribe to the list, follow these instructions. You can access previous messages via the mailing list archive.
vector-unfold!
)vector-cumulate
from (vector-cumulate f vec knil)
to
(vector-cumulate f knil vec)
to match the
argument order of vector-fold.)vector-partition
.)elt=?
argument be consistent with eq?
.)Post-finalization note: The finalized version of this
SRFI required the equality operator used by the
vector=
procedure to be consistent with
eq?
. However, =
is not consistent
with eq?
in a Scheme which provides NaN values and
IEEE semantics for them, as (eq? +nan.0 +nan.0)
may
return either #t
or #f
but (=
+nan.0 +nan.0)
must return #f.
This means
that the expected semantics of =
when used with
vector=
are violated. Therefore, the requirement
for consistency has been removed from this version, and the
sample implementation adjusted accordingly.
This SRFI proposes a comprehensive library of vector operations accompanied by a freely available and complete reference implementation. The reference implementation is unencumbered by copyright, and useable with no modifications on any Scheme system that is R5RS-compliant. It also provides several hooks for implementation-specific optimization as well.
R5RS provides very few list-processing procedures, for which reason SRFI 1 exists. However, R5RS provides even fewer vector operations — while it provides mapping, appending, et cetera operations for lists, it specifies only nine vector manipulation operations:
R7RS-small added support for
start and end arguments to vector->list
,
list->vector
and vector-fill!
. It also
provided seven additional vector procedures, bringing vectors
and lists to approximate parity:
SRFI 43 standardized more vector procedures, all of which are included in this SRFI. Unfortunately, R7RS-small and SRFI 43 placed irreconcileable requirements on the procedures invoked by vector-map and vector-for-each. This SRFI resolves that issue by changing these SRFI 43 procedures as well as vector-map!, vector-fold, vector-fold-right, and vector-count to leave out the index argument that is passed under SRFI 43's definition.
In addition, the version of vector-copy
in this SRFI
does not require support for a fill argument, which
makes it equivalent to the R7RS-small definition.
This SRFI also provides the following new procedures (some from Python, some from other sources):
It should be noted that no vector sorting procedures are provided by this SRFI, because there already are several SRFIs for that purpose.
Here is an index of the procedures provided by this package. Those marked by italics are also provided in R7RS-small.
make-vector
vector
vector-unfold
vector-unfold-right
vector-copy
vector-reverse-copy
vector-append
vector-concatenate
vector-append-subvectors
vector?
vector-empty?
vector=
vector-ref
vector-length
vector-fold
vector-fold-right
vector-map
vector-map!
vector-for-each
vector-count
vector-cumulate
vector-index
vector-index-right
vector-skip
vector-skip-right
vector-binary-search
vector-any
vector-every
vector-partition
vector-set!
vector-swap!
vector-fill!
vector-reverse!
vector-copy!
vector-reverse-copy!
vector-unfold!
vector-unfold-right!
vector->list
reverse-vector->list
list->vector
reverse-list->vector
vector->string
string->vector
In this section containing specifications of procedures, the following notation is used to specify parameters and return values:
[start [end]]
It should be noted that all of the procedures that iterate across multiple vectors in parallel stop iterating and produce the final result when the end of the shortest vector is reached. The sole exception is vector=, which automatically returns #f if the vectors' lengths vary.
(make-vector 5 3)
#(3 3 3 3 3)
(vector 0 1 2 3 4)
#(0 1 2 3 4)
unfold
procedure of SRFI 1.
(vector-unfold (λ (i x) (values x (- x 1)))
10 0)
#(0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9)
(vector-unfold values n)
#(0 1 2 ... n-2 n-1)
(vector-unfold (λ (i) (vector-ref vector i))
(vector-length vector))
unfold-right
procedure of SRFI 1.
(vector-unfold-right (λ (i x) (values (cons i x) (+ x 1))) 5 0)
#((0 . 4) (1 . 3) (2 . 2) (3 .   n) (+ counter 1) counter))
0 vec)
(vector-fold-right (λ (tail elt)
(cons elt tail))
'() '#(a b c d))
(a b c d)
(vector-map (λ (x) (* x x))
(vector-unfold
(λ (i x) (values x (+ x 1)))
4 1))
#(1 4 9 16)
(vector-map (λ (x y) (* x y))
(vector-unfold
(λ (x) (values x (+ x 1)))
5 1)
(vector-unfold
(λ (x) (values x (- x 1)))
5 5))
#(5 8 9 8 5)
(let ((count 0))
(vector-map (λ (ignored-elt)
(set! count (+ count 1))
count)
'#(a b)))
#(1 2) OR #(2 1)
(vector-for-each (λ (x) (display x) (newline))
'#("foo" "bar" "baz" "quux" "zot"))
foo bar baz quux zot
(vector-count even?
'#(3 1 4 1 5 9 2 5 6))
3
(vector-count <
'#(1 3 6 9) '#(2 4 6 8 10 12))
2
Note that the order of arguments to vector-cumulate
was changed by errata-3
on 2016-09-02.
(vector-cumulate + 0 '#(3 1 4 1 5 9 2 5 6))
#(3 4 8 9 14 23 25 30 36)
(vector-index even? '#(3 1 4 1 5 9))
2
(vector-index < '#(3 1 4 1 5 9 2 5 6) '#(2 7 1 8 2))
1
(vector-index = '#(3 1 4 1 5 9 2 5 6) '#(2 7 1 8 2))
#f
(vector-index
(λ (x1 x2
...)
(not (pred? x1
x1
...)))
vec1 vec2
...)
(vector-skip number? '#(1 2 a b 3 4 c d))
2
(vector-index-right
(λ (x1 x2
...)
(not (pred? x1
x1
...)))
vec1 vec2
...)
Similar to vector-index
and
vector-index-right,
but instead of searching left to right or right to left, this
performs a binary search.
If there is more than one element of vec that matches
value in the sense of cmp,
vector-binary-search
may return the index of any of them.
cmp should be a
procedure of two arguments and return a negative integer, which
indicates that its first argument is less than its second,
zero, which indicates that they are equal, or a positive
integer, which indicates that the first argument is greater
than the second argument. An example cmp might
be:
(λ (char1 char2)
(cond ((char<? char1
char2)
-1)
((char=? char1
char2)
0)
(else 1)))
The sample implementation is in the repository of this SRFI. It has only one non-R5RS dependency: SRFI 23's error procedure, which is also provided by R7RS-small. It is in the public domain, or alternatively under the same copyright as this SRFI. The following files are provided:
vectors-impl.scm
-
a modified version of the implementation of SRFI 43vectors.scm
-
a Chicken library showing what to export for an R5RS implementationvectors.sld
-
an R7RS library that excludes what R7RS-small already providesvectors-test.scm
-
tests using the Chicken test egg (also available on Chibi)These acknowledgements are copied from SRFI 43.
Thanks to Olin Shivers for his wonderfully complete list and string packages; to all the members of the #scheme IRC channel on Freenode who nitpicked a great deal, but also helped quite a lot in general, and helped test the reference implementation in various Scheme systems; to Michael Burschik for his numerous comments; to Sergei Egorov for helping to narrow down the procedures; to Mike Sperber for putting up with an extremely overdue draft; to Felix Winkelmann for continually bugging me about finishing up the SRFI so that it would be only overdue and not withdrawn; and to everyone else who gave questions, comments, thoughts, or merely attention to the SRFI.
Copyright (C) Taylor Campbell (2003). All rights reserved.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


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All items have the default ability to be used as a weapon. The idea is that you could technically stab someone with a key or bludgeon them with a book if you needed to in a pinch. Here is where you can define such damage properties. Keep in mind, this does not affect firearms' shooting properties. For that you need to create a firearm item and go to the Inherited Properties tab. However, this does allow you to set the damage properties of a firearm's melee attack mode.
SetDamageType(int)
The total combine types of damage dealt by this weapon. You can select multiple damage types to combine effects. For example, a flaming sword might be HEAT and BLADE. An explosive shotgun round might be BALLISTIC, HEAT, and TRUAMA. Carrot Top's comedy routine might deal EMOTIONAL and TRUAMA damage. In some cases armor may only protect against certain typres of damage and if it doesn't cover a category declared for the weapon then some of that damage 'slips through' unchanged.
SetProperties(mapping)
Simply applies anyadditional properties. Some properties may simply be for storing additional data for specific in-game use. There are, however, a few pre-defined properties for items in DS. Check this page for properties pretaining to items. http://dead-souls.net/docs/build/Properties
SetClass(int)
The maximum damage that a weapon might deal before being adjusted by character stats and randomness. The final in-game value may be higher or lower depending on skills, stats, random numbers, and other combat situations.
SetHands(int)
The number of free hands needed to wield this item as a weapon
SetDamagePoints(int)
The number of points of damage this item can take before it's value decreases by half. When they reach zero they are reset.
SetWield(string)
The message displayed to the user when they wield this item as a weapon. If empty the default wield message will be displayed.
SetWieldLevel(int) Stellarmass-only Feature
The minimum level a character must be in order to wield this item as a weapon.


IVF pregnancy dream comes true for Eastwood nurse following £1 million lottery win
Jackpot winner Rebecca Brown was diagnosed with pre-cancerous cells of the cervix last year and told to have children 'sooner, rather than later' amid hysterectomy fears
by Rachel GormanThe IVF pregnancy dreams of an Eastwood nurse have come true following a £1million lottery win.
Rebecca Brown, 39, was told by doctors to "have children sooner, rather than later" after she was diagnosed with pre-cancerous cells of the cervix last year, leading to the possible need for a hysterectomy.
After two rounds of IVF, made financially possible due to her winnings, the 39-year-old is now due to give birth on January, 25, 2020, as a happily single mum.
“I was poorly last year and I thought, I want to do it, I’ve got to. I was able to pay for it so I did," she told Nottinghamshire Live.
Rebecca scooped her share of £1 million back in August 2016 as part of a family syndicate with dad David, 64, mum Yvonne, 62, and sister Julie, 36. The four divided their windfall evenly.
Since then the family claim they've been living their normal lives and aside from jointly buying a holiday home at Lincolnshire's Tattershall Lakes Country Park, as well as a four-person Surrey bike they festively decorate and use to distribute sweets over Christmas, there have been no extravagant outgoings.
But Rebecca does admit the family's good fortune made IVF an affordable option for her.
"I always thought I might have wanted children but I was never motivated enough to make it happen," she said, "The hospital told me if I wanted to have children I had to do it sooner rather than later.
"Then at my last check up they said they might have to do a hysterectomy so that’s when I said to them, if I don’t have to have it, I’m going to have a baby.
"My dad said 'But you need a man first'
"I said, no I don’t."
Seven months later mum-to-be and bump are doing well, with Rebecca choosing to keep the gender a surprise.
"We do refer to it as a boy and call it Percy but whether it ends up being a Percy remains to be seen," she added.
Once born 'Percy' will be the family's first grandchild but Rebecca insists there will be no spoiling going on.
She said: “I don’t want it to be spoilt but everyone has been really generous. Not just mum and dad but my friends and my neighbour.
"Everyone has been really generous in giving me things and buying me things for the baby."
Mum Yvonne added: "This baby is going to be brought up normal, it should be like these were brought up.
"Birthday? Yes. Christmas? Yes. That’s when you get presents.
The Brown family have been playing the lottery since it began in 1994, today (November 19) marks the game's 25th anniversary.
With the General Election approaching we want to give you all the results and reactions as they happen. Join our new WhatsApp service to receive breaking news alerts throughout the night by texting ELECTION to<PHONE_NUMBER>2. The first messages will go out December 12 after polls close.


The Simple DirectMedia Layer (SDL for short) is a cross-platform library designed to make it easy to write multi-media software, such as games and emulators.
The Simple DirectMedia Layer library source code is available from:
This library is distributed under the terms of the zlib license:


{% extends "users/base.html" %} {% block content %}
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FromLEONARD OBI Esq c/o The Abacha's Family Legal Adviser (Abacha's Family Estate) Direct Tel:234-1-4705964. Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Or<EMAIL_ADDRESS>webside:http://allafrica.com/stories/200203180074.html Attn.: The President/CEO
I am Dr. (Mrs.) Maryam Abacha, wife to the late Nigeria Head of State - General Sani Abacha. I am proposing this business to you because we could be of great assistance to each other, likewise developing a cordial business relatinship.
I currently have within my reach the sum of Twenty-Five Million, Six Hundred Thousand United States Dollars (US$25,600,000:00)cash which I intend to use for investment purpose specifically in your country.
This money came as a result of a pay back contract deal between my late husband and a Russian firm on our country's Multi-billion Dollars Ajaokuta Steel Plant.
The Russian partners returned my husband's share of US$25.6 million after his death and lodged it with my husband's security firm in Nigeria of which I am adirector. Right now, the new civilian government has revoked our licenses that allow us to own a financial and oil company.
In view of this, I acted very fast to withdraw the US$25.6 million from the company's vault well preserved and packaged in trunk boxes and deposited it in ECOWAS Security Bank. I have since declared our security company bankrupt. No record ever existed concerning the money neither is the money traceable by the government because there is no document showing that we received the money from the Russians.
Due to the current situation in the country concerning the government attitude towards my family, it has become quite impossible for me to make use of the money within, thus I seek your assistance to move the money out of this country. On your consent, I shall expect you to contact me urgently to enable us discuss in detail about this transaction. Bearing in mind that your assistance is needed to transfer this fund. Your urgent response is highly needed. All correspondences must be channeled to our legal adviser
Leonard Obi Esq through his direct Tel. No:
234-1-4705964. I must also use this opportunity to implore you to exercise the utmost indulgence to keep this transaction a confidential issue. You can also contact me directly on my secret telephone:-234-1-4705964 if there is need.
Thanks and God bless you.
DR. (MRS.) MARYAM ABACHA.
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A group who defined a revised set of standards for headteachers in England.
The aim of the group was to review the 2004 National Standards for Headteachers .
Its objectives were to:
The standards for headteachers reflect the diversity of the existing schools landscape. They:
The review considered best practice internationally. The chair:
The group presented a report to the Secretary of State for Education in summer 2014, including draft standards designed to replace the previous National Standards for Headteachers.
The report of the review is available on GOV.UK .
The Department for Education published the ‘National standards of excellence for headteachers’ in January 2015.
This was an independent review group, chaired by Dame Dana Ross-Wawrzynski, executive headteacher of Altrincham Grammar School for Girls and CEO of the Bright Futures Educational Trust. The vice chair was Roy Blatchford, Director of the National Education Trust.
Members of the group were:
The group met 4 times in 2014.
29 May, 2014: minutes ( PDF , 117KB , 2 pages )
5 June, 2014: minutes ( PDF , 79.3KB , 1 page )
26 June, 2014: minutes ( PDF , 73.6KB , 1 page )
10 July, 2014: minutes ( PDF , 70KB , 1 page )


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Automatic Numbering With Counter variable (Single list)
My favorite food are:
Automatic Numbering With Counter variable (nested list)
My favorites are:


Educated at the University of London in Material Science, Chris has over 30 years designing, building, and selling equipment for the semiconductor and medical Industries. Chris had a distinguished international twenty-one year career with Heraeus GmbH where he held executive positions in both Sales and Technical Marketing. He went on to found Diamond Semiconductor and Sales Management Innovations. Chris has been awarded a total of 7 US patents.
Prior to co-founding ROTA, Michael was part of the engineering design team responsible for the first iPad at Apple. Previous to his work at Apple, Michael was a manufacturing engineer at VLSI Standards– a subsidiary of KLA-Tencor. Michael earned his M.B.A and Masters in Systems Engineering from San Jose State University where he was a GTI and Wang Foundation scholar.
Cindy earned a BS degree in finance from Brigham Young University and an MBA with an emphasis in information systems from Santa Clara University. Cindy brings 25 years of business and accounting experience to the team. Over the years, she has worked in a variety of industries and positions including as a systems analyst, financial analyst, controller, and staff accountant. For the past 10 years, she has owned her own practice – AccountAbility.
Amrik studied manufacturing at the Warwick School, managed metal fabrication operations at Computer Cabinet Corporation, and is now Founder and CEO of A&J Precision Sheetmetal. A&J provides product design, engineering, and manufacturing services for the electronics, semiconductor, and medical equipment industries.
ROTA Mobility Inc.
16548 Oleander Ave. Los Gatos, CA 95032 United States of America
(408) 402-5432


An observable pose data object that can be subscribed to.
mpSdk.Camera.pose.subscribe(function (pose) {
// Changes to the Camera pose have occurred.
console.log('Current position is ', pose.position);
console.log('Rotation angle is ', pose.rotation);
console.log('Sweep UUID is ', pose.sweep);
console.log('View mode is ', pose.mode);
});
Returns the current state of camera.
mpSdk.Camera.getPose()
.then(function(pose){
console.log('Current position is ', pose.position);
console.log('Rotation angle is ', pose.rotation);
console.log('Sweep UUID is ', pose.sweep);
console.log('View mode is ', pose.mode);
});
A promise that resolves with the current state of the camera.
Rotates the camera to a specific screen coordinate. Coordinates are measure in pixels, relative to the WebGL Canvas' top left corner. See https://www.w3schools.com/graphics/canvas_coordinates.asp for more information on coordinates.
mpSdk.Camera.lookAtScreenCoords(500, 320)
.then(function() {
// Camera rotation complete.
})
.catch(function(error) {
// Camera rotation error.
});
Horizontal position, in pixels. Starting from the canvas' top left corner.
Vertical position, in pixels. Starting from the canvas' top left corner.
A Promise that resolves when the rotation is complete.
Errors
Moves user to a different sweep relative to their current location
const nextDirection = mpSdk.Camera.Direction.FORWARD;
mpSdk.Camera.moveInDirection(nextDirection)
.then(function(){
console.log('The camera has moved forward.');
})
.catch(function(){
console.warning('An error occured while moving in that direction.');
});
The direction.
A promise that resolves when a sweep has been reached.
Errors
Notes
This is the same behavior as if the user presses the arrow keys while in 3D Showcase.
This action is for moving between sweeps while in Inside View.
Pans the camera.
mpSdk.Camera.pan({ x: 1, z: 1 })
.then(function() {
// Pan complete.
})
.catch(function(error) {
// Pan error.
});
Absolute position of the sweep on the x axis.
Absolute position of the sweep on the z axis.
A promise that resolves when the pan is complete.
Errors
Notes
The orientation of the axes depends on the sweep you were in before entering Floorplan and the aspect ratio of window.
Only available in Dollhouse or Floorplan View. This is the same behavior as if the user uses the keyboard shortcuts W, A, S, and D or the arrow keys.
Use mpSdk.Camera.pan({ x: 0, z: 0 });
to return to directly above the
very first sweep scanned.
Rotates the camera (user’s viewpoint).
mpSdk.Camera.rotate(10, -20, { speed: 2 })
.then(function() {
// Camera rotation complete.
})
.catch(function(error) {
// Camera rotation error.
});
How many degrees to rotate left or right.
How many degrees to rotate up or down.
A promise that resolves when the rotation is complete.
Errors
Notes
If user is in Dollhouse or Floorplan View, the entire Matterport Space is rotated.
If the user is in Inside View or 360º View, their viewpoint is rotated.
Rotation is relative to the user’s current viewpoint. This is the same behavior as if the user uses the keyboard shortcuts I, J, K, and L. Speeds less than or equal to zero are not allowed.
Rotation speed in degrees per second.


This is a patch release of Google Play Music Desktop Player
Here is a quick run down of all things that have changed.
- NEW: Added Romanian and Pirate translations
- FIX: Stuttering UI (mouse issues) have been fixed
- FIX: 14/11/2016 Google Play Music UI changes are now supported
Thanks to all the people who have helped with these features and fixes.


--- url: 35-how-and-where-to-outsource-your-development.html title: Why RightSource to South America? date: 27 February 2014 excerpt_separator: "
" tags: ["Embedded Systems and RightSourcing"] ---South America might not seem like a possibility when outsourcing software development, but with Argentina and Ecuador emerging as the next IT hotspots, Neubloc encourages companies to rethink their outsourcing destination. Neubloc also offers its development and “follow the sun” models to help companies RightSource the “right” way.
Argentina is not only eagerly adopting IT, it has become a regional leader in the research and development of advanced technologies. With many industries to choose from, Argentina is ideal ground for start-ups and it offers:
Ecuador has excellent university training in technical skills and its institutions offer higher-level degrees in mathematics, engineering, and computer science. Moreover, Ecuador’s growing software industry promises:
Both countries enforce IP laws similar to the US and Europe, unlike their Indian and Chinese counterparts.
Neubloc has extensive experience working with startups from seed stage all the way to their I.P.O. and has overseen all stages of the product development process. By following specific models, Neubloc has RightSourced software design and development throughout the United States, Eastern Europe and South America.
To help make the transition, Neubloc makes rightsourcing to South America easier with their development model by:
Neubloc also uses the “follow the sun” model, which utilizes:
So whether a company is well-developed or just starting out, South America offers a wide variety of skilled labor, reduced IP risk and economically stable grounds for RightSourcing software design and development.


math::changepoint - Change point detection methods
The math::changepoint package implements a number of well-known methods to determine if a series of data contains a shift in the mean or not. Note that these methods only indicate if a shift in the mean is probably. Due to the stochastic nature of the data that will be analysed, false positives are possible. The CUSUM method is implemented in both an "offline" and an "online" version, so that it can be used either for a complete data series or for detecting changes in data that come in one by one. The implementation has been based on these websites mostly:
Basically, the deviation of the data from a given target value is accumulated and when the total deviation becomes too large, a change point is reported. A second method, binary segmentation, is implemented only as an "offline" method, as it needs to examine the data series as a whole. In the variant contained here the following ideas have been used:
The segments in which the data series may be separated shold not be too short, otherwise the ultimate result could be segments of only one data point long. So a minimum length is used.
To make the segmentation worthwhile there should be a minimum gain in reducing the cost function (the sum of the squared deviations from the mean for each segment).
This may not be in agreement with the descriptions of the method found in various publications, but it is simple to understand and intuitive. One publication that provides more information on the method in general is "Selective review of offline change point detection methods" by Truong et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.00718.
The package defines the following public procedures:
Examine a given data series and return the location of the first change (if any)
Series of data to be examined
Optional list of key-value pairs:
The target (or mean) for the time series
The tolerated standard deviation
The factor by which to multiply the standard deviation (defaults to 0.5, typically between 0.5 and 1.0)
The factor determining the limits betweem which the "cusum" statistic is accepted (typicaly 3.0-5.0, default 4.0)
Class to examine data passed in against expected properties. At least the keywords -target and -tolerance must be given.
List of key-value pairs:
The target (or mean) for the time series
The tolerated standard deviation
The factor by which to multiply the standard deviation (defaults to 0.5, typically between 0.5 and 1.0)
The factor determining the limits betweem which the "cusum" statistic is accepted (typicaly 3.0-5.0, default 4.0)
Pass a value to the cusum-online object and examine it. If, with this new value, the cumulative sum remains within the bounds, zero (0) is returned, otherwise one (1) is returned.
The new value
Reset the cumulative sum, so that the examination can start afresh.
Apply the binary segmentation method recursively to find change points. Returns a list of indices of potential change points
Data to be examined
Optional key-value pairs:
Minimum number of points in each segment (default: 5)
Factor applied to the standard deviation functioning as a threshold for accepting the change in cost function as an improvement (default: 1.0)
Mathematics
Copyright © 2020 by Arjen Markus


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These demos are examples of some techniques you might use to create advanced behaviors and effects.
This demo shows how you might combine object oriented javascript with a behavior front-end and use the bootloader to pull in resources when they are requested.
Click the animal pictures to make them speak.
Funky squares uses a separate "funkySlide()" method to invoke messages against all the cloned squares. It's mostly just for fun, but demonstrates the power of closures in behaviors since each square is wired up with distinct instances of the same behaviors.


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Add all your own modules and shared components in this pattern library so other developers can quickly copy them. The guide lines can be found on Github.
As an interface designer and engineer I wanted to create an HTML5/CSS3 environment that easily sets up the basics of a responsive web application or website. It needed a grid that is flexible and fluid. Also some basic types like forms en tables would really speed up my workflow in combination with simple mixins. That's why I created Taiga, an environment to love.
ul.o-list li { background: gray; }
The release of atom power has changed everything except our way of thinking...the solution to this problem lies in the heart of mankind. If only I had known, I should have become a watchmaker. By Albert Einstein
| Type | Name | Download |
|---|---|---|
| 60GDA | Flying over the world | Download sheet |
| NL050 | Groningen | Download sheet |
The release of atom power has changed everything except our way of thinking...the solution to this problem lies in the heart of mankind.
The release of atom power has changed everything except our way of thinking...the solution to this problem lies in the heart of mankind.


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"END OF DAYS" review by R.L. Strong 1½ stars Rated R for intense violence and gore, adult situations and language.
UNIVERSAL PICTURES AND BEACON PICTURES PRESENTS ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER A PETER HYAMS FILM "END OF DAYS" GABRIEL BYRNE KEVIN POLLACK ROBIN TUNNEY ROD STEIGER MUSIC SUPERVISOR G. MARQ ROSWELL MUSIC BY JOHN DEBNEY EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS MARC ABRAHAM THOMAS A. BLISS PRODUCED BY ARMYAN BERNSTEIN BILL BORDAN WRITTEN BY ANDREW W. MARLOWE DIRECTED BY PETER HYAMS
"You'll never know what you'll agree too when you're on fire!" And most will feel burned by this latest offering from the king of action, Arnold Schwarzenegger. A trite and overly complex plot about Satan's coming to Earth to father his son. A hodge-podge of ideas and themes lifted almost verbatim from a host of other, better films.
1979.. a monk in the Vatican, recognizing a prophetic astrological occurrence; alerts the Pope that the bride of Satan has been born. An argument between the counsel and the Pope ensues, one side believing that the Child must be killed, the other believing that she must be protected. The Pope decrees, that the child must be protected and that we must have faith in God.
As the child is born, An intern (Udo Kier) in a New York hospital delivers the newborn to a group of Satanists in the basement of the hospital where she is fed the blood of a rattlesnake, the gathered looking on in awe and enlightenment.
Flash forward 20 years to December 28th, 1999. As Satan rises up from the city's sewer system (destroying a city block in the process), he then possesses the body of New York socialite (Gabriel Byrne) and destroys another city block in a firestorm.
We are now introduced to Schwarzenegger 's character, Jericho Cane (subtlety in names is not a concern here), an alcoholic and suicidal New York detective. He is currently serving as protection for the aforementioned Socialite. When an assassination attempt goes bad, Jericho gives chase, hanging from a helicopter by a cable. Catching and losing his suspect, the chase continues into the subway system, where the assassin is caught and found to be Thomas Aquinas (Derrick O'Connor) an elderly Priest, who rants about the end of the Thousand years (a biblical reference to Christ's rule over the Earth).
Somehow, Jericho and his partner Chicago (Kevin Pollak) find Aquinas' lair in the sewers. Amidst all of the religious scribblings and newspaper clippings proclaiming the end of the world, they find a newspaper photo of a young girl. We are then introduced to Christine York (Robin Tunney) as she is approached by a street urchin, who accosts her with warnings of an impending rape. As she grabs his arm, the man shatters into thousands of pieces like glass. Christine screams, upsetting the passengers on the train who have seen nothing, as this was a hallucinations. Christine apologizes to her fellow passengers for her outburst.
I'm not going to go into any further detail of this plot, since if these already absurd situations haven't already eliminated any desire you may have had to see this film, than nothing I can say in this review will change your mind. Suffice to say, you have been warned. For those of you that need to understand my complete dislike of this film, let me continue.
The script by Andrew W. Marlowe (1997's "Air Force One") is hackneyed to say the least. No research into biblical scriptures of any kind was done, as made clear by the idea that our current time period is being ruled by Christ ('The thousand years are over!"). As anyone who has gone to church should know that Christ's rule happens after the battle between heaven and hell.. But this is only the most minor of convoluted ideas and plot contrivances retched up for this Thanksgiving gift. The scripts' utter lack of knowledge of what religion and faith is, (and for that matter what makes a good horror film) are tantamount to blasphemy. But suffice to say, that this Thanksgiving turkey is nothing more that baloney.
Christine is surrounded by loyal worshippers of Satan, who conspire to make her the bride of their dark Lord. Why, we are not told. Why there are two factions within the Catholic Church is also glossed over. Every minion of Satan has superhuman strength, but can't survive bullets. And Arnold can just walk into an armory and carry out more weapons than the National Guard without the slightest protest. This is a jig-saw puzzle type script. The mix of ideas and themes lifted from films such as "Rosemary's Baby", "The Omen", "Godfather 3", "The Devil's Advocate" and too many others to mention could almost constitute copyright infringement. There is not one original idea or concept here. This is just possibly one of the worst horror films ever made by a major studio. Scenes from other films are lifted almost verbatim. This is almost as maddening as "Godzilla" (which still ranks as the most brain dead film of the 90's)
Arnold Schwarzenegger is horribly miscast as an alcoholic, self destructive man. If anyone looked at the character as written, and looked at Arnold's physique, one would assume that alcohol, consumed in daily quantities of a gallon or more has the same effect as Popeye's spinach. I found myself laughing out loud, at some of the trademark Arnold one liners in this one, all about as subtle as those used in "Batman and Robin".
As it is, the performances as acceptable. The surprise here is Gabriel Byrne as the Devil in the Flesh. Without any other motivation that to be as coldly evil as possibly, Byrne manages to have fun with the part, drawing the only source of fluidity and fun out of this desert of a script. Robin Tunney as the victim Christine York does what she can with a role more under written than that of Byrne's. She does have a presents on screen, and hopefully she can move on to better roles.
Kevin Pollak turns in the obligatory comic side kick role with his usual aplomb. Nothing more, nothing less. The greatest miscarriage here, is the utter waste of Rod Steiger as Father Kovak. His sole purpose to spout out exposition to help explain a hopelessly muddled plot. The rest of the cast does their jobs adequately, knowing full well that in this film no one will notice the performances. This is a fine example of film that relies on its special effects for any entertainment it may have. The problem.. like everything else in the film is we've seen them before.
The direction by Peter Hyams is similar to his work on both "The Relic" and the Jean Claude Van Damme vehicles "Sudden Death" and "Timecop". Neither praise nor pan, Mr. Hyams does what he does best, and that's putting together an amusing action scene.
To sum up the experience of watching "End of Days", I'll quote a dialogue exchange from the film. Satan: I can give you whatever you want. Just tell Me.. what do you want? Jericho: I want.. you.. to go to Hell!
Yes indeed. For two full hours! ©2000 R.L. Strong
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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The button has been pushed 0 times!
outer
$time 1000
$step 1
@time-in dom-on-change
@time-out dom-set-text
@time-in -> {__ | >$time} -> @time-out
@step-in dom-on-change
@step-out dom-set-text
@step-in -> {__ | >$step} -> @step-out
@counter dom-set-text
@button dom-on-submit
inc {__ | add $count | >$count}
block {$count | then "" else "{1 | >@start}" | run with 1}
@button -> block
block.start -> inc -> @counter
inc -> {process sleep for $time | $step} -> inc
_____________________________________________________________
| |
| |
| ______________________________ |
| / \ |
o-----------( {__ | add $count | >$count} )--------------o
| | \______________________________/ | |
| ^ v |
| ^ v |
| | ___________________________________ | |
| | / \ | |
| |--( {process sleep for $time | $step} )---| |
| \___________________________________/ |
| |
| |
| _________________ |
| / \ |
o-----------------( {__ | >$time} )---------------------o
| \_________________/ |
| _________________ |
| / \ |
o-----------------( {__ | >$step} )---------------------o
| \_________________/ |
|___________________________________________________________|


Improving the usability of Python programs¶
Logging¶
It can be useful to print out either a message or the value of some variable,
etc., while your code is running. This is quite common and is usually
accomplished with a simple call to the print
function.
x = 1.234
print("The value of x is {0:0.4f}.".format(x))
The value of x is 1.2340.
Doing this is a good idea to keep track of milestones in your code. That way, both when you are developing your code but also when other users are running the code, they can be notified of an event, progress, or value.
Printing a message is also useful for notifying the user when something is not going as expected. These are all different levels of messaging.
Logging is simply engaging in this behavior of printing out messages, with the added feature that you include meta data (e.g., a timestamp, the message category) with the message, as well as a filter where only messages with a high enough level of criticality are actually allowed to be printed.
Logging Levels¶
The general idea is that there are multiple levels of messages that can be printed. Typically these include:
DEBUG - diagnostic purposes.
INFO - basic information (most common).
WARNING - indicating non-normal behavior.
ERROR - error (the operation cannot continue).
CRITICAL - error (the program cannot continue).
During the initialization portion of your code, you would configure a logger
object with a format, where to print messages (e.g., console, file, or both),
and what level to use by default. Usually, you would set the default log level
to INFO
and the debugging messages used for diagnostics would not actually
be printed. Then, allow the user to override this with a command line argument (e.g., --debug
).
Example Setup¶
Python has a logging module as part of the standard library. It is very comprehensive and allows the user to heavily customize many parts of the behavior. It is pretty strait forward to implement your own logging functionality; unless you’re doing something special why not use the standard library?
import logging
log = logging.getLogger("my_app")
handler = logging.StreamHandler()
formatter = logging.Formatter("%(levelname)s %(asctime)s %(name)s - %(message)s")
handler.setFormatter(formatter)
log.addHandler(handler)
log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
Then, somewhere in the code:
log.debug("report on some variable")
log.info("notification of milestone")
log.warn("non-standard behavior")
log.error("unrecoverable issue")
log.critical("panic!")
INFO 2018-07-24 09:41:56,683 ProjectName - notification of milestone
WARNING 2018-07-24 09:41:56,835 ProjectName - non-standard behavior
ERROR 2018-07-24 09:41:57,103 ProjectName - unrecoverable issue
CRITICAL 2018-07-24 09:41:57,103 ProjectName - panic!
Notice that the debug message was not printed. This is because we set the log
level to INFO
. Only messages with a level equal to or higher then the
assigned level will make it passed the filter.
Command Line Arguments¶
In addition to packaging your code in a way that other users or projects can import for use in their code, often it makes sense to also make elements of the code executable from the command line as stand alone scripts. Python has everything you need to do this built right in.
As with logging, there are several python packages available that handle command line argument parsing for you, including a robust implementation provided right in the standard library using argparse.
The argparse module, as well as the others, rely on a universally excepted
convention for how command line arguments should be structured. Nearly all of
the standard utilities on Unix/Linux systems use this same syntax. This
convention covers both the command line argument syntax as well as the structure
of usage statements that your script prints out (e.g., when supplying the
--help
option). The argparse module actually takes care of all of this
for you.
Unix Convention¶
There is a fair bit of complexity to the convention surrounding the usage statements, but the argument syntax is fairly simple.
Positional arguments are those that don’t have names. These are usually file paths in the context of analysis scripts. Optional arguments are those that have defaults and may or may not accept a value.
Optional arguments can be specified with short form or long form names
(usually both). The short form names are a single letter preceded by a single
dash (e.g., -a
). Short form options that don’t take an argument can be
stacked (e.g., -abc
). Long form arguments are whole words and preceded by
two dashes (e.g., --debug
). Long form arguments that are multiple words are
usually joined with dashes (e.g., --output-directory
).
There is more, but these are the basics.
Simple Example¶
The best (most robust and cross-platform) way of providing a stand along script with your package is to let your setup.py file handle it. Doing the following will create the proper executable on both Windows and Unix systems and put it in a place that is readily callable (i.e., on the user’s PATH).
# setup.py
# use "entry_points" to point to function and setuptools
# will create executables on your behalf.
setup(
# ...
# syntax: "{name}={package}.{module}:{function}"
# "{name}" will be on your PATH in the same "/bin/"
# alongside python/pip executables.
entry_points = {"console_scripts": [
"do_science=my_package.do_science:main",
]},
# ...
)
This says that I have a file, my_package/do_science.py
, with a function
called main
that when called does the thing I want the script to do. The
function won’t be given any arguments, but we can get what we need from
sys.argv
. This has the effect of creating an executable we can invoke with
the name do_science
that behaves equivalent to the following.
import sys
from my_package.do_science import main
sys.exit(main())
With this in mind, your function can and should return integer values which will be used as the exit status of the command. This is another Unix convention; returning zero is for success, returning a non-zero status indicates some specific error has occurred.
The following shows a basic usage of argparse
and how to define your “main”
function.
# do_science.py
# script for doing cool science things
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="do_science",
description="do cool science thing")
# positional argument
parser.add_argument("input_file", help="path to input data file")
# optional argument
parser.add_argument("-d", "--debug", action="store_true",
help="enable debugging messages")
def main() -> int:
"""Main entry point for `do_science`.
Returns:
exit_status: int
0 if success, non-zero otherwise.
"""
# parse_args() automatically grabs sys.argv if you don't provide them.
opts = parser.parse_args()
# opts is a namespace
# opts.input_file is a string with the value from the command line
# opts.debug is True or False (default is False w/ "store_true")
return 0
After the package is installed, pip install my_package ...
, you’ll be able to
call the script:
> do_science
usage: do_science [-h] [-d] input_file
> do_science --help
usage: do_science [-h] [-d] input_file
do cool science thing
positional arguments:
input_file path to input data file
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-d, --debug enable debugging messages


Akan names come from a traditional naming system for people from countries such as Togo, Ivory Coast and Ghana.
A child's name is determined by factors surrounding his or her birth.
For example, the day of their birth or the manner in which they were born may determine which name they get irrespective of their gender
If curious to know what your Akan name is kindly;


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This idea for this page is simple, it is an info graphic on the distance from the earth from the moon, with some puns inserted to make it less boring.


The Star Project celebrates 20 years of helping thousands of people in Paisley
The charity has changed the lives of more than 5000 people since it launched in 1999.
by Carla Talbot, https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/authors/carla-talbot/Twenty years ago, the Star Project opened to the Paisley community – and since then the charity has changed the lives of more than 5,000 people.
When the Wallace Street centre opened in 1999, the Star Project started the long journey to provide a safe and inclusive place for anyone to go for whatever they may need.
Whether it be a young mum in need of support, a man who needs help writing a CV, a family who is struggling to buy food, or a person in need of counselling to overcome trauma – the organisation strives on helping anyone.
That is what Sharon McAulay, who manages the charity, says is the key to the hearts of people in the community.
She said: “People feel safe when they come here as no one knows why they are walking through that door. We don’t target a specific group of people who need help and we feel that is why people engage with us. There is no stigma.
“We have had people tell us that they feel secure coming here, and sometimes these are people who refuse to engage or get help from anywhere else.
“So we are proud that we are able to reach out and gain their trust and be able to help them the best we can.”
In its early days, the Star Project got off the ground just by asking residents what they needed in order to help as many people as
possible.
This idea prompted the birth of the organisation’s drop-in sessions and there have now been 4,128 held at the centre, helping a staggering 5,395 people.
They even expanded the drop-ins to areas such as Glenburn for a year, helping hundreds more people.
Sharon explained: “We thought that was the best way to help people, simply just by asking them what it is they needed.
“Our drop-in sessions have been the most successful project we have ever had and still run them every week. We get a fantastic response from people.”
Over the years there has also been a catalogue of thriving projects, including creative and therapeutic workshops, anti-poverty initiatives, parent and toddler groups, community art and befriending services.
A dedicated team of 18 volunteers help make these a possibility, alongside six members of staff.
Sharon, who joined the charity in 2005, has made endless memories during her time putting these projects together.
One of her highlights includes a trip to South Africa, which began as a therapeutic art group, while another was helping lead the way for the Paisley 2021 City of Culture bid.
She told the Express: “The Star Project has always been known for its creativity.
“The art group was based around people’s perception of poverty in the community. It was called Promises, Promises.
“What developed was for us to go out to South Africa and we visited for two weeks and held workshops.
“This was a great thing for Paisley people to see and to be faced with absolute poverty.
“It was such an amazing experience for me and for the people who got the chance to go.
“It it is not where we ever would have imagined that art class would have led us.
“The 2021 campaign was also an amazing experience. Going to Hull for the announcement was brilliant and it was such a good atmosphere,
“We worked so hard for the community and it I was really proud to have been part of it all.”
Projects span across all genders, age groups and people of all backgrounds.
Invaluable services such as the Community Fridge have proved successful. It has handed out more than one tonne of food to almost 500 different people from Paisley in just six months.
A parent class, called Tuesday Group, has given vital support to parents whose children were being cared for by social workers.
The organisation is also making strides in encouraging men to engage with groups, such as the Men’s Shed and the Chin Up support group.
The Men’s Shed, which encourages men to socialise and learn new skills, now has 58 who go along to the group, while mental health support group, Chin Up has recently facilitated a community mural to improve the local area.
Members of these groups, and people who engage with these services will be heading to the centre on Thursday for its 20th birthday party to celebrate the milestone.
Sharon added: “There are so many groups and projects which are so important to people.
“It has been fantastic to watch more and more people begin to engage with us, in particular the strides we have made in getting men to engage groups.
“If you had said to me all these years ago that this is where we would be, I would be shocked.
“I hope we are still here in another 20 years and I think it is so vital that we continue to provide people with what we have been doing for all this time.”
●Call 0141 889 5850 to speak to the team.


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NSE market capitalisation loses N56b on profit taking
by The Eagle OnlineAfter two successive trading sessions on positive sentiment, the Nigerian Stock Exchange on Wednesday lost N57 billion due to sell pressure on 15 stocks.
The News Agency of Nigeria reports that the All Share Index dipped by 171.28 points or 0.44 per cent to close at 26,339.11 against 26,456.39 on Tuesday.
Similarly, the market capitalisation lost N56 billion to close at N12.822 trillion from the N12.878 trillion achieved on Tuesday.
The downturn was impacted by losses recorded in medium and large capitalised stocks of Total Nigeria, Dangote Cement, Unilever Nigeria, Guaranty Trust Bank and PZ Cussons Nigeria.
Analysts at Afrinvest Limited said that “As sentiment still remains weak toward the stock market, we maintain our bearish outlook in the absence of catalysts to spur investors’ appetite for equities”.
Market breadth closed negative with 13 gainers against 15 losers.
Ikeja Hotels recorded the highest price appreciation of 9.09 per cent to close at 96k per share.
A.G. Leventis Nigeria and Jaiz Bank followed with a gain 7.14 per cent each to close at 30k and 60k per share, respectively.
Fidelity Bank improved by 3.83 per cent to close at N1.90, while Access Bank appreciated by 3.14 per cent to close at N9.85 per share.
Conversely, Total Nigeria led the price losers’ chart in percentage terms with 9.98 per cent to close at N110.90 per share.
PZ Cussons followed with a decline of 9.91 per cent to close at N5, while Consolidated Hallmark Insurance dipped by 7.14 to close at 39k per share.
Unilever lost 5.61 per cent to close at N18.50, while Oando shed 3.90 per cent to close at N3.20 per share.
However, the total volume traded increased by 64.80 per cent as 610.58 million shares worth N11.10 billion were traded in 5,031 deals.
This was in contrast to the turnover of 378.35 million shares valued at N7.15 billion achieved in 4,798 deals on Tuesday.
Zenith Bank topped the activity chart with 336.61 million shares worth N5.79 billion.
Access Bank followed with 73.79 million shares worth N714.2 million, while Nigerian Breweries traded 63.84 million shares valued at N3.01 billion.
GTB accounted for 24.25 million shares valued at N695.56 million, while UBA transacted 16.38 million shares worth N110.79 million.
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My BLOG PPL page
The BLOG PPL (probabilistic programming language) system is found at bayesianlogic.github.io/, though it has not been updated for some years.
Some YouTube videos about the system:
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Note: some of these models are not very good...
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Created by Hakan Kjellerstrand (hakank@gmail.com)


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