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Who Deserves the Space: The Airplane Seat Recliner or Reclinee?
www.slate.com
Not since the Battle of the Somme has such little space been the subject of such intense conflict. We refer to the fact that Americans are now ...
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Woman Worried Student Loans Could Prevent Her From One Day Owning Entirely ...
www.theonion.com
PHILADELPHIA—Lamenting that she will spend the foreseeable future paying off her college expenses, local 23-year-old digital marketing assistant ...
-
Ultimate Contactually Giveaway — $1,026 value!
smartbusinessrevolution.com
We are giving away: 1 year of Contactually.com* relationship-building software tool ($432 value) Lifetime access to Connect with Influencers course & ...
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Virtual Freedom: How to Work with Virtual Staff to Buy More Time, Become ...
www.amazon.com
Amazon Virtual Freedom: How to Work with Virtual Staff to Buy More Time, Become More Productive, and Build Your Dream Business
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Tapbots and the state of iOS8 — Tapbots Blog
tapbots.com
Tapbots are simple utility robots designed and engineered with care for the iPhone and iPod Touch. These applications are fun, easy to use, and ...
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Am I Prepared For Prime Time? Your Personal Brand - STK #Podcast 110 - ...
www.stackingbenjamins.com
How’s your personal brand? Shannon Oleen is our guest today and she’s going to help you earn more money. How? Look at yourself. Are you presenting ...
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How I’ve Profited $100K Online in Just 5 Months This Year
getbusylivingblog.com
Like what you read?If so, please join to get exclusive weekly inspirational emails, and get a FREE COPY of my eBook, Get a Life That Doesn't Suck. ...
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Teespring's First Private Label Tee!
teespring.com
Hey Teespringers, we're rolling out our own label of Teespring t-shirts. They're super soft ultra-high quality.After this campaign you'll be able to ...
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G's first day of school ever!
deaconbradley.com
Before. After! He had a blast and has been so excited all day!
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033: Dealing with business failure and how to prevent it (with Barrett ...
lifestoked.com
If you've chosen to pursue an entrepreneurial lifestyle then one thing is certain: failure. Not every project you pour yourself into is going to ...
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Ray Rice: Gone But Not Forgotton
mflinsider.tumblr.com
Media has flocked to the Ray Rice scandal in recent days but even with the increased media attention fans still seem to believe in Rice’s return. At ...
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Review: Lone Survivor
lifestoked.com
This is the story of Marcuss Luttrell, the sole survivor of Operation Redwing in June of 2005. Marcus recounts the brutal training that goes into ...
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Important Lessons I've Learned About Money & Life - Zach Even-Esh
zacheven-esh.com
Have you ever used these words: “I can’t afford that….” “I don’t have the money right now….” “That’s too expensive…” Or, maybe you’ve heard other ...
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Laird Hamilton Shoots Malibu Pier | SURFER Magazine
www.surfermag.com
Laird Hamilton descends from the heavens to ride a giant Malibu wall through the pier.
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Stay in School
teespring.com
Ask a Ph.D. or a Medical Doctor and many will tell you, after it's all said and done... it was worth it. Mrs. Pibb looks back on what could have been ...
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What happens when my debit card is compromised?
moneyplansos.com
It is inevitable: Your debit card will be compromised some day. What happens when my debit card is stolen? Money will be taken out of your account ...
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Happy 100th Episode To Us! Stacking Benjamins #Podcast - StackingBenjamins
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Wow! Is it 100 episodes already? Okay, I’ve got some serious thanking to do here: First, thanks to our awesome team of contributors. I’m SO lucky to ...
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Blessed by Gary's amazing teachings in this book. #lifeStoked
deaconbradley.com
The best material I've read on finding your calling. No doubt I'll be rereading this book for years to come.
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031: Finding your way to success in business and life (with Corbett Barr)
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When you stray off the path into the thick, wild jungle things get really tough really fast. It takes a tremendous amount of effort to move just a ...
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Bienvenue sur Facebook. Connectez-vous, inscrivez-vous ou découvrez !
www.facebook.com
Facebook est un réseau social qui vous relie à des amis, des collègues de travail, des camarades de classe ou d’autres personnes qui ont quelque ...
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James Altucher | 50 Alternatives To College And How to Choose Yourself ...
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On The Art of Charm James and I talk about alternatives to college and why they are important to thriving and how to choose yourself everyday.
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Chrome Browser
www.google.com
Google Chrome is a browser that combines a minimal design with sophisticated technology to make the web faster, safer, and easier.


Artificial Intelligence utilising Minimax, α-β-Pruning and MCTS algorithm principles (Made in P5.js).


FileReading
public protocol FileReading : FileStorageManageable
Represent file reading functionality that could be used within FileStorageManageable
-
searchFile(with:atDirectory:)
Extension methodSearch file at a given directory or at
FileStorageManageable.directoryURL
, with given remote location of file url.Will search including all subdirectories.
Throws
FileStorageError.invalidPath
,FileStorageError.invalidFileNameOrExtentision
,FileStorageError.fileNotFound
Declaration
Swift
func searchFile(with url: URL, atDirectory directortyURL: URL? = nil) throws -> URL
Parameters
url
File’s remote location url.
directortyURL
Search directory, if nil,
FileStorageManageable.directoryURL
will be used instead.Return Value
File’s storage location
-
searchFile(withFilename:fileExtention:directortyURL:)
Extension methodSearch file at a given directory or at
FileStorageManageable.directoryURL
, with given filename and file extension.Declaration
Swift
func searchFile(withFilename filename: String, fileExtention: String? = nil, directortyURL: URL? = nil) throws -> [URL]
Parameters
filename
Filename.
fileExtention
File extension.
directortyURL
directory
URL
. -
fileData(at:atDirectory:)
Extension methodSearch file at a given directory or at
FileStorageManageable.directoryURL
, with given remote location of file url.Will search including all subdirectories.
Throws
FileStorageError.invalidPath
,FileStorageError.invalidFileNameOrExtentision
,FileStorageError.fileNotFound
Declaration
Swift
func fileData(at url: URL, atDirectory directortyURL: URL? = nil) throws -> Data?
Parameters
url
File’s remote location
URL
.directortyURL
Search directory, if nil,
FileStorageManageable.directoryURL
will be used instead.Return Value
Data
representation of a file -
fileData(_:)
Extension methodReturns Data form given local file location
Declaration
Swift
func fileData(_ url: URL) -> Data?
Parameters
url
Local file location
-
filespec(at:atDirectory:)
Extension methodSearch filespec object at a given directory or at
FileStorageManageable.directoryURL
, with given remote location of file url.Will search including all subdirectories.
Throws
FileStorageError.invalidPath
,FileStorageError.invalidFileNameOrExtentision
,FileStorageError.fileNotFound
Declaration
Swift
func filespec(at url: URL, atDirectory directortyURL: URL? = nil) throws -> Filespec?
Parameters
url
File’s remote location
URL
.directortyURL
Search directory, if nil,
FileStorageManageable.directoryURL
will be used instead.Return Value
Filespec
object -
filespec(withFilename:atDirectory:)
Extension methodSearch filespec object at a given directory or at
FileStorageManageable.directoryURL
, with given filename and file extension.Declaration
Swift
func filespec(withFilename filename: String, atDirectory directortyURL: URL? = nil) throws -> Filespec?
Parameters
filename
Filename.
fileExtension
File extension.
directortyURL
Directory
URL
. -
filespecs(atDirectory:)
Extension methodReturs list of filespepcs
Declaration
Swift
func filespecs(atDirectory directortyURL: URL? = nil) throws -> [Filespec]
Parameters
directortyURL
Directory.
-
directories(atDirectory:)
Extension methodList of directories at a given directory or at
FileStorageManageable.directoryURL
.Throws
FileStorageError.invalidPath
.Declaration
Swift
func directories(atDirectory directortyURL: URL? = nil) throws -> [URL]
Parameters
directortyURL
Search directory, if nil,
FileStorageManageable.directoryURL
will be used instead.Return Value
List of directories as Array of
URL
. -
directoriesName(atDirectory:)
Extension methodList of directories name at a given directory or at
FileStorageManageable.directoryURL
.Throws
FileStorageError.invalidPath
.Declaration
Swift
func directoriesName(atDirectory directortyURL: URL? = nil) -> [String]
Parameters
directortyURL
Search directory, if nil,
FileStorageManageable.directoryURL
will be used instead.Return Value
List of directories
lastPathComponent
, as Array ofString
. -
filesIn(enumerateDirectories:includeDirectories:atDirectory:)
Extension methodList of files at a given directory or at
FileStorageManageable.directoryURL
.Throws
FileStorageError.invalidPath
.Declaration
Swift
func filesIn(enumerateDirectories: Bool = true, includeDirectories: Bool = false, atDirectory directortyURL: URL? = nil) throws -> [URL]
Parameters
enumerateDirectories
Whether subdirectories and their files should be included.
includeDirectories
Whether directories should be also returned.
directortyURL
Search directory, if nil,
FileStorageManageable.directoryURL
will be used instead.Return Value
List of directories
lastPathComponent
, as Array ofString
.


| DOSE: |
2000 mg |
oral |
Caffeine |
(pill / tablet) |
I'd been drinking coffe since I was ten years old, and am currently fourteen. I never thought of coffee, Jolt-Cola, pr red bull as drugs because I guess I never really abused it. Recently I began taking pill versions though of caffeine like Vivarin because I was looking for more of a rush like I was getting on six redbulls and ginseng packs, but cheaper. I was enjoying it on a daily basis doing about 600 mg a day not including coffe or redbull.
One night I was with two of my really good friends and they wanted to try some Vivarin with me so we ran down to the closest 7-11 to pick up a 16 pack. K reconsidered so my other friend B and I split it. I decided to take all eight at a time while he saved his for when we got home. I wasn't getting a rush like I usually did in the first hour so I asked him for two more pills. I took'em and decided I wasn't feeling so good and went to sleep around 2:30 p.m.
When I wroke up I had to run home(I live right down the block of them) and everything seemed like a dreamish zoning in and out state. As I got home I took a shower and just felt like I could ignore it and it would go away. I ended habing breakfast with a good friend of mine called F who use to do this kinda stuff, but quit. We were driving in the car back to my house and I felt like I was gonna pass out. My vision was having little black dots appear, I was sweating, and mumbling to myself. My dad asked me if I was altight and I said I was fine. F and I ran to my room where I layed on the bed and started twitching and going in and out of reality it seemed as he played my guitar. He went and grabbed me an apple and for some reason the taste made me come down and I stopped tweaking out.
My dad asked me what happened and I told him about taking to much of the Vivarin and I told him I wouldn't take it again and I'd quit caffeine altogether. This was a thing I couldn't keep. Two weeks later got some pills from a friend was drinking coffe and taking Vivarin and trying this new stuff called black beauties that I was able to get my hands on. I tryed quiting today and I ended getting money from a friend to grab some Vivarin (which I'm on right now). The thing I learned though, and have read from other reports too, is that Caffeine isn't to be played with especially at 13/14 years old!
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


In Russia, power pole runs into you
by Mark FrauenfelderWhoever installed this power pole support in the middle of a road in Vladimir, Russia decided it would be a waste of money to erect the support in such a way that a driver wouldn't hit it and die.
Image: YouTube


Documentation for the Lua debug standard library.
From Lua 5.1 Reference Manual by Roberto Ierusalimschy, Luiz Henrique de Figueiredo, Waldemar Celes.
Copyright © 2006-2012 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
Freely available under the terms of the Lua license.
enters interactive debugging
Enters an interactive mode with the user, running each string that the user enters. Using simple commands and other debug facilities, the user can inspect global and local variables, change their values, evaluate expressions, and so on. A line containing only the word cont finishes this function, so that the caller continues its execution.
Note that commands for debug.debug are not lexically nested within any function, and so have no direct access to local variables.
returns the environment of an object
Returns the environment of object o.
o
returns the current hook settings
Returns the current hook settings of the thread, as three values: the current hook function, the current hook mask, and the current hook count (as set by the debug.sethook function).
[thread]
returns a table with information about a function
Returns a table with information about a function. You can give the function directly, or you can give a number as the value of function, which means the function running at level function of the call stack of the given thread: level 0 is the current function (getinfo itself); level 1 is the function that called getinfo; and so on. If function is a number larger than the number of active functions, then getinfo returns nil.
The returned table can contain all the fields returned by lua_getinfo, with the string what describing which fields to fill in. The default for what is to get all information available, except the table of valid lines. If present, the option 'f' adds a field named func with the function itself. If present, the option 'L' adds a field named activelines with the table of valid lines.
For instance, the expression debug.getinfo(1,"n").name
returns
a table with a name for the current function,
if a reasonable name can be found,
and the expression debug.getinfo(print)
returns a table with all available information
about the print function.
[thread]
function
[what]
returns name and value of a local variable
This function returns the name and the value of the local variable with index local of the function at level level of the stack. (The first parameter or local variable has index 1, and so on, until the last active local variable.) The function returns nil if there is no local variable with the given index, and raises an error when called with a level out of range. (You can call debug.getinfo to check whether the level is valid.)
Variable names starting with '(' (open parentheses) represent internal variables (loop control variables, temporaries, and C function locals).
[thread]
level
local
returns the metatable of the given object
Returns the metatable of the given object or nil if it does not have a metatable.
object
returns the registry table
Returns the registry table .
returns the name and value of an upvalue
This function returns the name and the value of the upvalue with index up of the function func. The function returns nil if there is no upvalue with the given index.
func
up
sets the environment of an object
Sets the environment of the given object to the given table. Returns object.
object
table
sets a debug hook function
Sets the given function as a hook. The string mask and the number count describe when the hook will be called. The string mask may have the following characters, with the given meaning:
"c"
"r"
"l"
With a count different from zero, the hook is called after every count instructions.
When called without arguments, debug.sethook turns off the hook.
When the hook is called, its first parameter is a string
describing the event that has triggered its call:
"call"
, "return"
(or "tail return"
,
when simulating a return from a tail call),
"line"
, and "count"
.
For line events,
the hook also gets the new line number as its second parameter.
Inside a hook,
you can call getinfo with level 2 to get more information about
the running function
(level 0 is the getinfo function,
and level 1 is the hook function),
unless the event is "tail return"
.
In this case, Lua is only simulating the return,
and a call to getinfo will return invalid data.
[thread]
hook
mask
[count]
sets the value of the local variable
This function assigns the value value to the local variable with index local of the function at level level of the stack. The function returns nil if there is no local variable with the given index, and raises an error when called with a level out of range. (You can call getinfo to check whether the level is valid.) Otherwise, it returns the name of the local variable.
[thread]
level
local
value
sets the metatable for an object
Sets the metatable for the given object to the given table (which can be nil).
object
table
sets an upvalue for a function
This function assigns the value value to the upvalue with index up of the function func. The function returns nil if there is no upvalue with the given index. Otherwise, it returns the name of the upvalue.
func
up
value
returns a string with a traceback of the stack call
Returns a string with a traceback of the call stack. An optional message string is appended at the beginning of the traceback. An optional level number tells at which level to start the traceback (default is 1, the function calling traceback).
[thread]
[message]
[level]


Hooks
Hooks (also known as callbacks or lifecycle events), are functions which are called before and after calls in sequelize are executed. For example, if you want to always set a value on a model before saving it, you can add a beforeUpdate
hook.
For a full list of hooks, see Hooks API.
Order of Operations
(1)
beforeBulkCreate(instances, options, fn)
beforeBulkDestroy(options, fn)
beforeBulkUpdate(options, fn)
(2)
beforeValidate(instance, options, fn)
(-)
validate
(3)
afterValidate(instance, options, fn)
- or -
validationFailed(instance, options, error, fn)
(4)
beforeCreate(instance, options, fn)
beforeDestroy(instance, options, fn)
beforeUpdate(instance, options, fn)
beforeSave(instance, options, fn)
beforeUpsert(values, options, fn)
(-)
create
destroy
update
(5)
afterCreate(instance, options, fn)
afterDestroy(instance, options, fn)
afterUpdate(instance, options, fn)
afterSave(instance, options, fn)
afterUpsert(created, options, fn)
(6)
afterBulkCreate(instances, options, fn)
afterBulkDestroy(options, fn)
afterBulkUpdate(options, fn)
Declaring Hooks
Arguments to hooks are passed by reference. This means, that you can change the values, and this will be reflected in the insert / update statement. A hook may contain async actions - in this case the hook function should return a promise.
There are currently three ways to programmatically add hooks:
// Method 1 via the .define() method
var User = sequelize.define('user', {
username: DataTypes.STRING,
mood: {
type: DataTypes.ENUM,
values: ['happy', 'sad', 'neutral']
}
}, {
hooks: {
beforeValidate: function(user, options) {
user.mood = 'happy'
},
afterValidate: function(user, options) {
user.username = 'Toni'
}
}
})
// Method 2 via the .hook() method
User.hook('beforeValidate', function(user, options) {
user.mood = 'happy'
})
User.hook('afterValidate', function(user, options) {
return sequelize.Promise.reject("I'm afraid I can't let you do that!")
})
// Method 3 via the direct method
User.beforeCreate(function(user, options) {
return hashPassword(user.password).then(function (hashedPw) {
user.password = hashedPw;
});
})
User.afterValidate('myHookAfter', function(user, options, fn) {
user.username = 'Toni'
})
Removing hooks
Only a hook with name param can be removed.
var Book = sequelize.define('book', {
title: DataTypes.STRING
})
Book.addHook('afterCreate', 'notifyUsers', function(book, options) {
// ...
})
Book.removeHook('afterCreate', 'notifyUsers')
Global / universal hooks
Global hooks are hooks which are run for all models. They can define behaviours that you want for all your models, and are especially useful for plugins. They can be defined in two ways, which have slightly different semantics:
Sequelize.options.define (default hook)
var sequelize = new Sequelize(..., {
define: {
hooks: {
beforeCreate: function () {
// Do stuff
}
}
}
});
This adds a default hook to all models, which is run if the model does not define its own beforeCreate
hook:
var User = sequelize.define('user');
var Project = sequelize.define('project', {}, {
hooks: {
beforeCreate: function () {
// Do other stuff
}
}
});
User.create() // Runs the global hook
Project.create() // Runs its own hook (because the global hook is overwritten)
Sequelize.addHook (permanent hook)
sequelize.addHook('beforeCreate', function () {
// Do stuff
});
This hooks is always run before create, regardless of whether the model specifies its own beforeCreate
hook:
var User = sequelize.define('user');
var Project = sequelize.define('project', {}, {
hooks: {
beforeCreate: function () {
// Do other stuff
}
}
});
User.create() // Runs the global hook
Project.create() // Runs its own hook, followed by the global hook
Local hooks are always run before global hooks.
Instance hooks
The following hooks will emit whenever you're editing a single object
beforeValidate
afterValidate or validationFailed
beforeCreate / beforeUpdate / beforeDestroy
afterCreate / afterUpdate / afterDestroy
// ...define ...
User.beforeCreate(function(user) {
if (user.accessLevel > 10 && user.username !== "Boss") {
throw new Error("You can't grant this user an access level above 10!")
}
})
This example will return an error:
User.create({username: 'Not a Boss', accessLevel: 20}).catch(function(err) {
console.log(err) // You can't grant this user an access level above 10!
})
The following example would return successful:
User.create({username: 'Boss', accessLevel: 20}).then(function(user) {
console.log(user) // user object with username as Boss and accessLevel of 20
})
Model hooks
Sometimes you'll be editing more than one record at a time by utilizing the bulkCreate, update, destroy
methods on the model. The following will emit whenever you're using one of those methods.
beforeBulkCreate / beforeBulkUpdate / beforeBulkDestroy
afterBulkCreate / afterBulkUpdate / afterBulkDestroy
If you want to emit hooks for each individual record, along with the bulk hooks you can pass individualHooks: true
to the call.
Model.destroy({ where: {accessLevel: 0}, individualHooks: true})
// Will select all records that are about to be deleted and emit before- + after- Destroy on each instance
Model.update({username: 'Toni'}, { where: {accessLevel: 0}, individualHooks: true})
// Will select all records that are about to be updated and emit before- + after- Update on each instance
Some model hooks have two or three parameters sent to each hook depending on it's type.
Model.beforeBulkCreate(function(records, fields) {
// records = the first argument sent to .bulkCreate
// fields = the second argument sent to .bulkCreate
})
Model.bulkCreate([
{username: 'Toni'}, // part of records argument
{username: 'Tobi'} // part of records argument
], ['username'] /* part of fields argument */)
Model.beforeBulkUpdate(function(attributes, where) {
// attributes = first argument sent to Model.update
// where = second argument sent to Model.update
})
Model.update({gender: 'Male'} /*attributes argument*/, { where: {username: 'Tom'}} /*where argument*/)
Model.beforeBulkDestroy(function(whereClause) {
// whereClause = first argument sent to Model.destroy
})
Model.destroy({ where: {username: 'Tom'}} /*whereClause argument*/)
If you use Model.bulkCreate(...)
with the updatesOnDuplicate
option, changes made in the hook to fields that aren't given in the updatesOnDuplicate
array will not be persisted to the database. However it is possible to change the updatesOnDuplicate option inside the hook if this is what you want.
// Bulk updating existing users with updatesOnDuplicate option
Users.bulkCreate([{ id: 1, isMemeber: true},
{ id: 2, isMember: false}],
{ updatesOnDuplicate: ['isMember']})
User.beforeBulkCreate(function (users, options) {
users.forEach(function (user) {
if (user.isMember) {
user.memberSince = new Date()
}
})
// Add memberSince to updatesOnDuplicate otherwise the memberSince date wont be
// saved to the database
options.updatesOnDuplicate.push('memberSince')
})
Associations
For the most part hooks will work the same for instances when being associated except a few things
- When using add/set functions the beforeUpdate/afterUpdate hooks will run.
- The only way to call beforeDestroy/afterDestroy hooks are on associations with
onDelete: 'cascade'
and the optionhooks: true
. For instance:
var Projects = sequelize.define('projects', {
title: DataTypes.STRING
})
var Tasks = sequelize.define('tasks', {
title: DataTypes.STRING
})
Projects.hasMany(Tasks, { onDelete: 'cascade', hooks: true })
Tasks.belongsTo(Projects)
This code will run beforeDestroy/afterDestroy on the Tasks table. Sequelize, by default, will try to optimize your queries as much as possible. When calling cascade on delete, Sequelize will simply execute a
DELETE FROM `table` WHERE associatedIdentifier = associatedIdentifier.primaryKey
However, adding hooks: true
explicitly tells Sequelize that optimization is not of your concern and will perform a SELECT
on the associated objects and destroy each instance one by one in order to be able to call the hooks with the right parameters.
If your association is of type n:m
, you may be interested in firing hooks on the through model when using the remove
call. Internally, sequelize is using Model.destroy
resulting in calling the bulkDestroy
instead of the before/afterDestroy
hooks on each through instance.
This can be simply solved by passing {individualHooks: true}
to the remove
call, resulting on each hook to be called on each removed through instance object.
A Note About Transactions
Note that many model operations in Sequelize allow you to specify a transaction in the options parameter of the method. If a transaction is specified in the original call, it will be present in the options parameter passed to the hook function. For example, consider the following snippet:
// Here we use the promise-style of async hooks rather than
// the callback.
User.hook('afterCreate', function(user, options) {
// 'transaction' will be available in options.transaction
// This operation will be part of the same transaction as the
// original User.create call.
return User.update({
mood: 'sad'
}, {
where: {
id: user.id
},
transaction: options.transaction
});
});
sequelize.transaction(function(t) {
User.create({
username: 'someguy',
mood: 'happy',
transaction: t
});
});
If we had not included the transaction option in our call to User.update
in the preceding code, no change would have occurred, since our newly created user does not exist in the database until the pending transaction has been committed.
Internal Transactions
It is very important to recognize that sequelize may make use of transactions internally for certain operations such as Model.findOrCreate
. If your hook functions execute read or write operations that rely on the object's presence in the database, or modify the object's stored values like the example in the preceding section, you should always specify { transaction: options.transaction }
.
If the hook has been called in the process of a transacted operation, this makes sure that your dependent read/write is a part of that same transaction. If the hook is not transacted, you have simply specified { transaction: null }
and can expect the default behaviour.


To become a Sword Singer your level must be over 40 and you must collect the Mark of the Challenger, the Mark of Life, and the Mark of the Duelist.
I see that you have all the marks but your skill level is still insufficient. Come back after more training and I shall change your occupation to Sword Singer.


- Deferred rendering system for rendering hundreds of dynamic light sources at a time.
- Batched instancing for rendering large numbers of instances with one draw call.
- Billboarded instances for rendering particle systems and foliage.
- Dynamic spherical, directional, and projective lighting.
- Optional specular lighting.
- Light clip volumes for preventing light volumes from leaking.
- Variance shadow mapping for soft-edged per-pixel shadows.
- Artist-controllable alpha stippling for crossfading opaque instances.
- Emission and glow filters for simulating emissive surfaces and bloom.
- Normal mapping for per-pixel control over surface lighting.
- Command-line tools and API to generate consistent tangent vectors for meshes for normal mapping.
- Environment mapping for simple pseudo reflections.
- High quality haloless screen-space ambient occlusion (SSAO).
- Generic refraction for simulating refractive surfaces.
- Simple forward renderer for translucent instances.
- Logarithmic depth by default, supporting planetary-scale scenes.
- Box blur and bilateral depth-aware blur filters.
- Fog filters for simple postprocessed atmospheric fog.
- FXAA antialiasing.
- Reusable and heavily documented GLSL shader library. Integrated with sombrero for consuming and publishing shader modules.
- Safely extensible via strongly-typed shader interfaces.
- Scene independent: The package provides batching and does not require the user to use a complicated and error-prone scene graph or any kind of baked-in visibility determination.
- Heavily documented including Javadoc and full design and implementation manual.
- Strongly typed interfaces with run-time checking to catch programming mistakes early.
- Written in pure Java 8 for platform independence.
- Works on JOGL or LWJGL via jcanephora.
- Works on any OpenGL 3.3 implementation.
- High converage automated test suite.
- ISC license.


Talks
AAG 2023
COVID-19 Tracking in the Arctic - Technical implementation
Authors: Nikolay Golosov*, The Pennsylvania State University
Andrey Petrov, University of Northern Iowa
Keywords: covid19, arctic, cyberinfrastructure
Session Type: Paper
Date: 3/27/2023
Start / End Time: 10:20 AM / 11:40 AM
Room: Silver, Sheraton, I.M. Pei Tower, Mezzanine Level
Link to the abstract
AAG 2019
Development of a web-enabled geospatially-intelligent multivariate three-dimensional method for dasymetric mapping
Authors: Nikolay Golosov*, University of Northern Iowa
Topics: Population Geography
Keywords: Dasymetric, Cartography, 3D, LiDAR, Census
Session Type: Paper
Date: 4/3/2019
Start / End Time: 8:00 AM / 9:40 AM
Room: Roosevelt 2, Marriott, Exhibition Level
Link to the abstract


God realised RAJNI sir is getting old so he created sir ravindra jadeja— Mahendra Singh Dhoni (@msdhoni) April 9, 2013
God realised RAJNI sir is getting old so he created sir ravindra jadeja


String literals are written as "London" or 'Paris'. In each case you can use the opposite
kind of quotation mark within the string: 'He said "Boo"', or "That's rubbish". In a stylesheet
XPath expressions always appear within XML attributes, so it is usual to use one kind of delimiter for
the attribute and the other kind for the literal. Anything else can be written using XML character
entities. In XPath 2.0, string delimiters can be doubled within the string to represent the
delimiter itself: for example <xsl:value-of select='"He said, ""Go!"""'/>
Numeric constants follow the Java rules for decimal literals: for example, 12
or 3.05
; a
negative number can be written as (say) -93.7
, though technically the minus sign is not part of the
literal. (Also, note that you may need a space before the minus sign to avoid it being treated as
a hyphen within a preceding name). The numeric literal is taken as a double precision floating
point number if it uses scientific notation (e.g. 1.0e7
), as fixed point decimal
if it includes a full stop, or as a integer otherwise. Decimal values in Saxon have unlimited
precision, integers are limited to 64 bits. Note that a value such as 3.5
was
handled as a double-precision floating point number in XPath 1.0, but as a decimal number in
XPath 2.0: this may affect the precision of arithmetic results. Saxon implements decimal arithmetic
using the Java class java.math.BigDecimal
There are no boolean constants as such: instead use the function calls true()
and
false()
.
Constants of other data types can be written using constructors, which look like function calls
but require a string literal as their argument. For example, xs:float("10.7")
produces
a single-precision floating point number. Saxon implements constructors for many of the built-in data types
defined in XML Schema Part 2: for a full list see conformance.html.
An example for date and dateTime values:
you can write constants for these data types as xs:date("2002-04-30")
or xs:dateTime("1966-07-31T15:00:00Z")
.
XPath 2.0 allows the argument to a constructor to contain whitespace, as determined by the whitespace facet for the target data type.


data scientist + graphic designer
uchicago economics + statistics student
boston born + bay area native
pragmatic + adventurer
brunch enthusiast + coffee fanatic
I'm currently a third year at the University of Chicago trying to pursue data driven + design related projects that interest me.
If I'm not playing chess at Chromatic Coffee , you can probably find me watching Criminal Minds, reading a piece from the New Yorker, or grocery shopping at Whole Foods in my free time.
I just want to have some fun.


Ethan's Website
Toggle navigation
Home
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Contact Me
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Want A Custom Website? (Click Here)
Blog Page
Testing Page


Forwards ArrayAccess
to an EAV array property named $attributes
.
ArrayAccess
must be implemented by the class using this trait. The $attributes
property must also be defined in the class, and annotated with @eav <TABLE>
.
The instance must have its attributes loaded before use as an array, otherwise existing EAV data may be lost when the instance is saved. Attribute loading is done automatically by Record.
Protected Properties | |
| array | $attributes |
Public Methods | |
| scalar[] | getAttributes () |
| bool | offsetExists ($attr) |
| null scalar | offsetGet ($attr) |
| void | offsetSet ($attr, $value) |
| void | offsetUnset ($attr) |
| $this | setAttributes (array $attributes) |
| scalar [] getAttributes | ( | ) |
| bool offsetExists | ( | $attr | ) |
| mixed | $attr |
| null scalar offsetGet | ( | $attr | ) |
| mixed | $attr |
| void offsetSet | ( | $attr, | |
| $value | |||
| ) |
| mixed | $attr | |
| null | scalar | $value |
| void offsetUnset | ( | $attr | ) |
| mixed | $attr |
| $this setAttributes | ( | array | $attributes | ) |
| scalar[] | $attributes |


THE
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HOT Artists
- 1
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HOT Albums
- 1
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| 1 |
VARCHAR2( size [BYTE | CHAR]) |
Variable-length character string having maximum length size bytes or characters. Maximum size is 4000 bytes or characters, and minimum is 1 byte or 1 character. You must specify size for VARCHAR2 .
BYTE indicates that the column will have byte length semantics; CHAR indicates that the column will have character semantics.
|
System.String |
xs:restriction base="xs:string" |
|
| 1 |
NVARCHAR2( size) |
Variable-length character string having maximum length size characters. Maximum size is determined by the national character set definition, with an upper limit of 4000 bytes. You must specify size for NVARCHAR2 . |
System.String |
xs:restriction base="xs:string" |
|
| 2 |
NUMBER( p,s ) |
Number having precision p and scale s . The precision p can range from 1 to 38. The scale s can range from -84 to 127. |
System.Decimal |
type="xs:decimal" |
|
| 8 |
LONG |
Character data of variable length up to 2 gigabytes, or 231 -1 bytes. |
System.String |
xs:restriction base="xs:string" xs:maxLength value="2147483647" |
X |
| 12 |
DATE |
Valid date range from January 1, 4712 BC to December 31, 9999 AD. |
System.DateTime |
type="xs:dateTime" |
|
| 21 |
BINARY_FLOAT |
32-bit floating point number. This datatype requires 5 bytes, including the length byte. |
System.Single |
type="xs:float" |
|
| 22 |
BINARY_DOUBLE |
64-bit floating point number. This datatype requires 9 bytes, including the length byte. |
System.Double |
type="xs:double" |
|
| 180 |
TIMESTAMP (fractional_seconds_precision ) |
Year, month, and day values of date, as well as hour, minute, and second values of time, where fractional_seconds_precision is the number of digits in the fractional part of the SECOND datetime field. Accepted values of fractional_seconds_precision are 0 to 9. The default is 6. |
System.DateTime |
type="xs:dateTime" |
|
| 181 |
TIMESTAMP (fractional_seconds_precision ) WITH TIME ZONE |
All values of TIMESTAMP as well as time zone displacement value, where fractional_seconds_precision is the number of digits in the fractional part of the SECOND datetime field. Accepted values are 0 to 9. The default is 6. |
System.DateTime |
type="xs:dateTime" |
|
| 231 |
TIMESTAMP (fractional_seconds_precision ) WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE |
All values of TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE , with the following exceptions:
-
Data is normalized to the database time zone when it is stored in the database.
-
When the data is retrieved, users see the data in the session time zone.
|
System.DateTime |
type="xs:dateTime" |
|
| 182 |
INTERVAL YEAR (year_precision ) TO MONTH |
Stores a period of time in years and months, where year_precision is the number of digits in the YEAR datetime field. Accepted values are 0 to 9. The default is 2. |
System.Int64 |
type="xs:long" |
|
| 183 |
INTERVAL DAY (day_precision ) TO SECOND (fractional_seconds_precision ) |
Stores a period of time in days, hours, minutes, and seconds, where
-
day_precision is the maximum number of digits in the DAY datetime field. Accepted values are 0 to 9. The default is 2.
-
fractional_seconds_precision is the number of digits in the fractional part of the SECOND field. Accepted values are 0 to 9. The default is 6.
|
System.TimeSpan |
type="xs:duration" |
|
| 23 |
RAW( size ) |
Raw binary data of length size bytes. Maximum size is 2000 bytes. You must specify size for a RAW value. |
System.Byte[] |
type="xs:base64Binary" |
|
| 24 |
LONG RAW |
Raw binary data of variable length up to 2 gigabytes. |
System.Byte[] |
type="xs:base64Binary" |
X |
| 69 |
ROWID |
Base 64 string representing the unique address of a row in its table. This datatype is primarily for values returned by the ROWID pseudocolumn. |
System.String |
xs:restriction base="xs:string" xs:maxLength value="18" |
|
| 208 |
UROWID [( size )] |
Base 64 string representing the logical address of a row of an index-organized table. The optional size is the size of a column of type UROWID . The maximum size and default is 4000 bytes. |
System.String |
xs:restriction base="xs:string" xs:maxLength value="18" |
|
| 96 |
CHAR( size [BYTE | CHAR]) |
Fixed-length character data of length size bytes. Maximum size is 2000 bytes or characters. Default and minimum size is 1 byte.
BYTE and CHAR have the same semantics as for VARCHAR2 .
|
System.String |
xs:restriction base="xs:string" |
|
| 96 |
NCHAR( size ) |
Fixed-length character data of length size characters. Maximum size is determined by the national character set definition, with an upper limit of 2000 bytes. Default and minimum size is 1 character. |
System.String |
xs:restriction base="xs:string" |
|
| 112 |
CLOB |
A character large object containing single-byte or multibyte characters. Both fixed-width and variable-width character sets are supported, both using the database character set. Maximum size is (4 gigabytes - 1) * (database block size). |
System.String |
xs:restriction base="xs:string" xs:maxLength value="2147483647" |
|
| 112 |
NCLOB |
A character large object containing Unicode characters. Both fixed-width and variable-width character sets are supported, both using the database national character set. Maximum size is (4 gigabytes - 1) * (database block size). Stores national character set data. |
System.String |
xs:restriction base="xs:string" xs:maxLength value="2147483647" |
|
| 113 |
BLOB |
A binary large object. Maximum size is (4 gigabytes - 1) * (database block size). |
System.Byte[] |
type="xs:base64Binary" |
|
| 114 |
BFILE |
Contains a locator to a large binary file stored outside the database. Enables byte stream I/O access to external LOBs residing on the database server. Maximum size is 4 gigabytes. |
System.Byte[] |
type="xs:base64Binary" |
|


Timer
Ready? Set, GO!
00:00:00
MANIFESTO! the game
Orientation
PRINCIPLES
CHALLENGE
RULES
DIAGRAM
A/B LIST
ALGORITHM
VISION
DECLARATION
STATEMENT
RANT
Tone
PLAYFUL
RADICAL
ANGRY
RIGHTEOUS
FUNNY
EXCITED
OUTRAGED
HOPEFUL
MEASURED
URGENT
Opening
WE MUST
WE ARE
LET US
WE DECLARE
IN THE FUTURE
UNTIL NOW
IMAGINE
IN THE PAST
WE BELIEVE
COME, COMRADES
Provocation
ABOLISH INSTITUTIONAL HEGEMONY
GARBAGE IN, GARBAGE OUT
ASK WHY
BETTER FOR WHOM?
FEMINIST EVERYTHING
CLIMATE CHANGE CHANGES
EVERYTHING
RESEARCHERS ARE NOT BYSTANDERS
QUEER YOUR TECH
DESIGN TOOLS AND INTERACTIONS
PEOPLE NEED
CULTIVATE GENEROSITY,
HOSPITALITY
AND TRUST


Reports useless or redundant elements of XML resources.
For Drawables: single-item layer-lists, insetless insets, empty shapes, and vector elements: empty paths and clip-paths, invisible paths, useless clip-paths and groups, attributes with no effect.
For layouts: suspicious combinations of margin/padding left/top/right/bottom/start/end and horizontal/vertical.
For anim, animators, state list animators: empty and single-item sets.
The inspection is provided by Mike's IDEA Extensions.


The --fix
option on the command line automatically fixes problems reported by this rule.
Trailing newlines in non-empty files are a common UNIX idiom. Benefits of trailing newlines include the ability to concatenate or append to files as well as output files to the terminal without interfering with shell prompts.
This rule requires at least one newline at the end of non-empty files.
Prior to v0.16.0 this rule also enforced that there was only a single line at
the end of the file. If you still want this behaviour, consider enabling
no-multiple-empty-lines with maxEOF
and/or
no-trailing-spaces.
Examples of incorrect code for this rule:
/*eslint eol-last: "error"*/
function doSmth() {
var foo = 2;
}
Examples of correct code for this rule:
/*eslint eol-last: "error"*/
function doSmth() {
var foo = 2;
}
This rule has a string option:
"unix"
(default) enforces line feed (LF) as newline"windows"
enforces carriage return line feed (CRLF) as newlineThis rule was introduced in ESLint 0.7.1.


No inputs created
Inputs is the main entry point for your monitoring device. Configure your device to post values here, you may want to follow the Input API helper as a guide for generating your request.
{% extends "pyemoncms/pyemoncms_base.html" %} {% block content2 %}
Inputs is the main entry point for your monitoring device. Configure your device to post values here, you may want to follow the Input API helper as a guide for generating your request.


Speedway sponsor killed after being hit by recovery vehicle during stock car meeting
Colin North, 60, was a loyal sponsor of various speedway clubs and riders as a marketing manager for Teng Tools, died at Birmingham Wheels Raceway on Saturday evening
by Rich Jones, https://www.mirror.co.uk/authors/rich-jones/West Midlands Police have launched an investigation after tributes poured in for a man killed at a Birmingham stock car meeting.
Speedway Great Britain confirmed that their loyal sponsor, Colin North, 60, tragically died at Birmingham Wheels Raceway on Saturday evening.
The Landor Street venue staged a gala night but tragedy struck after the Under 25 Championship when North was hit by a recovery vehicle leading to the event being abandoned.
A statement released on Sunday by West Midlands Police confirmed an investigation has been launched.
It said: "West Midlands Police were called to reports of a man being hit by a recovery vehicle at an organised off road stock car event at Birmingham Wheels last night (16 November).
"A 60-year-old man from Banbury was sadly pronounced dead at the scene.
"West Midlands Police will assist Birmingham City Council’s investigation into the circumstances."
Mr North was a marketing manager at motorsport tool box supplier Teng Tools.
He drove sponsorship of several clubs and individual riders in British speedway, prompting the governing body of the sport to release a statement regarding his passing.
The Speedway Great Britain statement read: "British Speedway has lost a loyal sponsor and friend with the sad passing of Colin North, of Teng Tools, this weekend.
"Colin was in attendance at our awards evening on Friday but sadly we were informed on Sunday morning of the devastating news.
"Colin's non-stop enthusiasm for our wonderful sport was always appreciated and through him many riders, clubs and major events felt the benefit of support from Teng Tools.
"Everyone associated with the British Speedway Promoters' Association would like to pass on our sincere condolences to Colin's family at this extremely difficult and sad time."
Seven-time British champion Scott Nicholls wrote: "Shocked and deeply saddened to hear of the passing of Colin North from Tengtools.
"He gave so much to the sport and to the riders, including myself. R.I.P Colin. My thoughts are with his family and friends."
British champion in 2016 Danny King added: "Really tragic news coming out about Colin North. Colin has supported me since my career began, he was a great guy who was always there to help.
"Very sad, my thoughts go out to his friends and family. RIP Colin."
Various individual clubs such as Wolverhampton Wolves, Sheffield Tigers, Swindon Robins and King's Lynn Stars have also paid tributes on their websites.


THE CIRCLE (Dayereh) --------------------
As credits roll over a black screen, we hear the sounds of childbirth.   'It's a girl,' she's told. Hoping for better news, the grandmother tells another member of the hospital staff she hasn't been told the sex of her grandchild. When she receives the news a second time, she despairs that the in-laws will be furious. Director Jafar Panahi ("The White Balloon") continues to make his point about the lives of Iranian women by crossing over multiple storylines in "The Circle."
LAURA:
As another female family member rushes down the hospital's spiral staircase to the street, she crosses paths with Nargess (Nargess Mamizadeh), Arezou (Maryiam Palvin Almani) and a third woman attempting to make a public phone call. When a man asks 'You two alone?' as he passes, the third friend demands an apology, creating a street incident which results in her arrest. Arezou and Nargess watch from a hiding place as they are already on the run. We learn that they've been released from prison, although never their crime. Arezou is afraid that her son couldn't handle seeing her after two years, while Nargess, only eighteen, just dreams of reaching Sarab, an edenic part of Iran where she'll reunite with her brother. They're also trying to reach a friend, Pari, for help.
Arezou insists Nargess take their money for the journey and vanishes. After dealing with all sorts of problems obtaining a ticket as a woman alone, Nargess takes five minutes to buy her brother a gift, but must flee when she sees police checking passengers getting on the bus.  As Nargess runs down the alley and out of the film, Pari (Fereshteh Sadr Orfani) sneaks out of her front door while her brother and father argue over her fate.
Pari visits a female friend (Monir Arab) selling tickets at a movie theater and we soon discover that these two also have been imprisoned. Pari's friend's husband obtained a second wife while she was jailed, yet she's comfortable with the idea and the second wife arrives and drives Pari to meet with another friend, an emergency room nurse (Elham Saboktakin). Pari is in dire straits as she's pregnant, but her friend, married to a doctor at the hospital, is too fearful of his reaction to help.
 When she exits, the little girl is crying, abandoned. Pari finds the mother (Fatemeh Naghavi) distraught, watching the scene from behind a car (reminding us of Arezou and Nargess earlier). She's trying to make a better life for her daughter, but always fails to really leave. This time she succeeds and cinematographer Bahram Badakshani's camera follows her as she says farewell to Pari and accepts a ride from a male stranger, a move that causes her to be pulled over at a roadblock where another woman (Mojgan Faramarzi), clearly a prostitute, is already being held. As this last woman is processed into prison, Panahi ironically suggests she may be the only free woman in his story.
Director/editor Jafar Panahi's Venice 2000 Golden Lion winner is a powerful statement about the oppression of women in Iran (banned within its own country), yet also celebrates their sisterhood. Panahi and writer Kambuzia Partovi suggest strong themes with such simple devices as unlit cigarettes. Their failure to tell us what these women have been jailed for strengthens the story because as we witness the difficulty being a woman in Iran brings to such simple tasks as buying a bus ticket, we realize that whatever their transgressions are, they would be viewed as trivial in Western society.
Cinematographer Bahram Badakshani employs a very fluid camera style as he tails his subjects through city streets. He and director Panahi visually reinforce the circular nature of the film with spiral staircases and round balconies. Badakshani captures many striking images, such as Nargess running through a terminal, billowing black and clutching a shirt box or an old balloon seller holding the hand of a tearful little girl as a wedding party streams by.
The women of "The Circle" will break your heart while opening your eyes to their plight.
A
For more Reeling reviews visit www.reelingreviews.com
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--- layout: post title: International EnKF Workshop Presentation ---
See the slides to my presentation at the 2021 International EnKF Workshop. This is an early preview of my work in preparation with Marc Bocquet on revising and extending Bayesian ensemble-variational formalism for optimized estimators in short-range forecasting applications such as synoptic meteorology. The manuscript will be submitted shortly for open discussion in Geoscientific Model Development an open journal of the European Geosciences Union.


TEST METHOD: Turbidity test for sodicity
Revised: 10 June 2002, links to CRC method updated 10 July 2012
OVERVIEW
Sodicity is an important factor limiting plant growth.
TASK SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
Safety boots are mandatory
| SPECIFIC JOB STEPS | HAZARDS WITHIN THIS STEP | HAZARD CONTROL |
| Weigh 100 g of air dry soil into a 600 mL screwtop glass jar. Add 500 mL of deionised water, by pouring gently down the side of the jar. | Sodic soils take a long time to settle if disturbed. | Avoid disturbing the soil too much. The method uses the minimum replicable disturbance to allow for the shortest settling time. |
| Invert the jar once, and return to original position. Let stand for 4 hours. | Avoid extra shaking or bumping. | |
A white
plastic spoon or spatula is placed into the suspension.
If it is:
|
Defining visibility can be tricky | Use photographs such as those provided by the CRC for Soil and Land Management (there is a printed copy in Delta's library, or Part 1 and Part 2 are available online), OR use a marked plastic sodicity dipstick from the same source. |


Last month, I prepared a series of lectures for the (really wonderfully organized) first Nepal AI Winter School.
The main talks were,
The lecture videos will be put online soon – I’ll update this post with links when I have them.
I also prepared a short exercise sheet (solutions).
In retrospect, I would have given a more visual introduction to VAEs. As a placeholder until I write about this in depth, here are some notes I kept from a discussion with students from a lab session during the school. I think the most useful pair of pictures was the per-pixel gaussians from the encoder (first page bottom left) and latent-space axis-aligned gaussians (second page top right)


test-suite Guide¶
Quickstart¶
The lit test runner is required to run the tests. You can either use one from an LLVM build:
% <path to llvm build>/bin/llvm-lit --version lit 0.8.0dev
An alternative is installing it as a python package in a python virtual environment:
% mkdir venv % virtualenv venv % . venv/bin/activate % pip install svn+http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk/utils/lit % lit --version lit 0.8.0dev
Check out the
test-suite
module with:% svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/test-suite/trunk test-suite
Create a build directory and use CMake to configure the suite. Use the
CMAKE_C_COMPILER
option to specify the compiler to test. Use a cache file to choose a typical build configuration:% mkdir test-suite-build % cd test-suite-build % cmake -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=<path to llvm build>/bin/clang \ -C../test-suite/cmake/caches/O3.cmake \ ../test-suite
Build the benchmarks:
% make Scanning dependencies of target timeit-target [ 0%] Building C object tools/CMakeFiles/timeit-target.dir/timeit.c.o [ 0%] Linking C executable timeit-target ...
Run the tests with lit:
% llvm-lit -v -j 1 -o results.json . -- Testing: 474 tests, 1 threads -- PASS: test-suite :: MultiSource/Applications/ALAC/decode/alacconvert-decode.test (1 of 474) ********** TEST 'test-suite :: MultiSource/Applications/ALAC/decode/alacconvert-decode.test' RESULTS ********** compile_time: 0.2192 exec_time: 0.0462 hash: "59620e187c6ac38b36382685ccd2b63b" size: 83348 ********** PASS: test-suite :: MultiSource/Applications/ALAC/encode/alacconvert-encode.test (2 of 474) ...
Show and compare result files (optional):
# Make sure pandas is installed. Prepend `sudo` if necessary. % pip install pandas # Show a single result file: % test-suite/utils/compare.py results.json # Compare two result files: % test-suite/utils/compare.py results_a.json results_b.json
Structure¶
The test-suite contains benchmark and test programs. The programs come with reference outputs so that their correctness can be checked. The suite comes with tools to collect metrics such as benchmark runtime, compilation time and code size.
The test-suite is divided into several directories:
SingleSource/
Contains test programs that are only a single source file in size. A subdirectory may contain several programs.
MultiSource/
Contains subdirectories which entire programs with multiple source files. Large benchmarks and whole applications go here.
MicroBenchmarks/
Programs using the google-benchmark library. The programs define functions that are run multiple times until the measurement results are statistically significant.
External/
Contains descriptions and test data for code that cannot be directly distributed with the test-suite. The most prominent members of this directory are the SPEC CPU benchmark suites. See External Suites.
Bitcode/
These tests are mostly written in LLVM bitcode.
CTMark/
Contains symbolic links to other benchmarks forming a representative sample for compilation performance measurements.
Benchmarks¶
Every program can work as a correctness test. Some programs are unsuitable for
performance measurements. Setting the TEST_SUITE_BENCHMARKING_ONLY
CMake
option to ON
will disable them.
Configuration¶
The test-suite has configuration options to customize building and running the benchmarks. CMake can print a list of them:
% cd test-suite-build
# Print basic options:
% cmake -LH
# Print all options:
% cmake -LAH
Common Configuration Options¶
CMAKE_C_FLAGS
Specify extra flags to be passed to C compiler invocations. The flags are also passed to the C++ compiler and linker invocations. See https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/variable/CMAKE_LANG_FLAGS.html
CMAKE_C_COMPILER
Select the C compiler executable to be used. Note that the C++ compiler is inferred automatically i.e. when specifying
path/to/clang
CMake will automatically usepath/to/clang++
as the C++ compiler. See https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/variable/CMAKE_LANG_COMPILER.htmlCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE
Select a build type like
OPTIMIZE
orDEBUG
selecting a set of predefined compiler flags. These flags are applied regardless of theCMAKE_C_FLAGS
option and may be changed by modifyingCMAKE_C_FLAGS_OPTIMIZE
etc. See [https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/variable/CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE.html]](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/variable/CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE.html)TEST_SUITE_RUN_UNDER
Prefix test invocations with the given tool. This is typically used to run cross-compiled tests within a simulator tool.
TEST_SUITE_BENCHMARKING_ONLY
Disable tests that are unsuitable for performance measurements. The disabled tests either run for a very short time or are dominated by I/O performance making them unsuitable as compiler performance tests.
TEST_SUITE_SUBDIRS
Semicolon-separated list of directories to include. This can be used to only build parts of the test-suite or to include external suites. This option does not work reliably with deeper subdirectories as it skips intermediate
CMakeLists.txt
files which may be required.TEST_SUITE_COLLECT_STATS
Collect internal LLVM statistics. Appends
-save-stats=obj
when invocing the compiler and makes the lit runner collect and merge the statistic files.TEST_SUITE_RUN_BENCHMARKS
If this is set to
OFF
then lit will not actually run the tests but just collect build statistics like compile time and code size.TEST_SUITE_USE_PERF
Use the
perf
tool for time measurement instead of thetimeit
tool that comes with the test-suite. Theperf
is usually available on linux systems.TEST_SUITE_SPEC2000_ROOT
,TEST_SUITE_SPEC2006_ROOT
,TEST_SUITE_SPEC2017_ROOT
, ...Specify installation directories of external benchmark suites. You can find more information about expected versions or usage in the README files in the
External
directory (such asExternal/SPEC/README
)
Common CMake Flags¶
-GNinja
Generate build files for the ninja build tool.
-Ctest-suite/cmake/caches/<cachefile.cmake>
Use a CMake cache. The test-suite comes with several CMake caches which predefine common or tricky build configurations.
Displaying and Analyzing Results¶
The compare.py
script displays and compares result files. A result file is
produced when invoking lit with the -o filename.json
flag.
Example usage:
Basic Usage:
% test-suite/utils/compare.py baseline.json Warning: 'test-suite :: External/SPEC/CINT2006/403.gcc/403.gcc.test' has No metrics! Tests: 508 Metric: exec_time Program baseline INT2006/456.hmmer/456.hmmer 1222.90 INT2006/464.h264ref/464.h264ref 928.70 ... baseline count 506.000000 mean 20.563098 std 111.423325 min 0.003400 25% 0.011200 50% 0.339450 75% 4.067200 max 1222.896800
Show compile_time or text segment size metrics:
% test-suite/utils/compare.py -m compile_time baseline.json % test-suite/utils/compare.py -m size.__text baseline.json
Compare two result files and filter short running tests:
% test-suite/utils/compare.py --filter-short baseline.json experiment.json ... Program baseline experiment diff SingleSour.../Benchmarks/Linpack/linpack-pc 5.16 4.30 -16.5% MultiSourc...erolling-dbl/LoopRerolling-dbl 7.01 7.86 12.2% SingleSour...UnitTests/Vectorizer/gcc-loops 3.89 3.54 -9.0% ...
Merge multiple baseline and experiment result files by taking the minimum runtime each:
% test-suite/utils/compare.py base0.json base1.json base2.json vs exp0.json exp1.json exp2.json
Continuous Tracking with LNT¶
LNT is a set of client and server tools for continuously monitoring performance. You can find more information at http://llvm.org/docs/lnt. The official LNT instance of the LLVM project is hosted at http://lnt.llvm.org.
External Suites¶
External suites such as SPEC can be enabled by either
- placing (or linking) them into the
test-suite/test-suite-externals/xxx
directory (example:test-suite/test-suite-externals/speccpu2000
) - using a configuration option such as
-D TEST_SUITE_SPEC2000_ROOT=path/to/speccpu2000
You can find further information in the respective README files such as
test-suite/External/SPEC/README
.
For the SPEC benchmarks you can switch between the test
, train
and
ref
input datasets via the TEST_SUITE_RUN_TYPE
configuration option.
The train
dataset is used by default.
Custom Suites¶
You can build custom suites using the test-suite infrastructure. A custom suite
has a CMakeLists.txt
file at the top directory. The CMakeLists.txt
will be
picked up automatically if placed into a subdirectory of the test-suite or when
setting the TEST_SUITE_SUBDIRS
variable:
% cmake -DTEST_SUITE_SUBDIRS=path/to/my/benchmark-suite ../test-suite
Profile Guided Optimization¶
Profile guided optimization requires to compile and run twice. First the
benchmark should be compiled with profile generation instrumentation enabled
and setup for training data. The lit runner will merge the profile files
using llvm-profdata
so they can be used by the second compilation run.
Example:
# Profile generation run:
% cmake -DTEST_SUITE_PROFILE_GENERATE=ON \
-DTEST_SUITE_RUN_TYPE=train \
../test-suite
% make
% llvm-lit .
# Use the profile data for compilation and actual benchmark run:
% cmake -DTEST_SUITE_PROFILE_GENERATE=OFF \
-DTEST_SUITE_PROFILE_USE=ON \
-DTEST_SUITE_RUN_TYPE=ref \
.
% make
% llvm-lit -o result.json .
The TEST_SUITE_RUN_TYPE
setting only affects the SPEC benchmark suites.
Cross Compilation and External Devices¶
Compilation¶
CMake allows to cross compile to a different target via toolchain files. More information can be found here:
- http://llvm.org/docs/lnt/tests.html#cross-compiling
- https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/manual/cmake-toolchains.7.html
Cross compilation from macOS to iOS is possible with the
test-suite/cmake/caches/target-target-*-iphoneos-internal.cmake
CMake cache
files; this requires an internal iOS SDK.
Running¶
There are two ways to run the tests in a cross compilation setting:
Via SSH connection to an external device: The
TEST_SUITE_REMOTE_HOST
option should be set to the SSH hostname. The executables and data files need to be transferred to the device after compilation. This is typically done via thersync
make target. After this, the lit runner can be used on the host machine. It will prefix the benchmark and verification command lines with anssh
command.Example:
% cmake -G Ninja -D CMAKE_C_COMPILER=path/to/clang \ -C ../test-suite/cmake/caches/target-arm64-iphoneos-internal.cmake \ -D TEST_SUITE_REMOTE_HOST=mydevice \ ../test-suite % ninja % ninja rsync % llvm-lit -j1 -o result.json .
You can specify a simulator for the target machine with the
TEST_SUITE_RUN_UNDER
setting. The lit runner will prefix all benchmark invocations with it.
Running the test-suite via LNT¶
The LNT tool can run the test-suite. Use this when submitting test results to an LNT instance. See http://llvm.org/docs/lnt/tests.html#llvm-cmake-test-suite for details.
Running the test-suite via Makefiles (deprecated)¶
Note: The test-suite comes with a set of Makefiles that are considered
deprecated. They do not support newer testing modes like Bitcode
or
Microbenchmarks
and are harder to use.
Old documentation is available in the test-suite Makefile Guide.


CRUDlex\ServiceProvider¶
-
class
ServiceProvider
¶ The ServiceProvider setups and initializes the whole CRUD system. After adding it to your Silex-setup, it offers access to {@see AbstractData} instances, one for each defined entity off the CRUD YAML file.
-
readYaml
($fileName)¶ Reads and returns the contents of the given Yaml file. If it goes wrong, it throws an exception.
Parameters: - $fileName (string) – the file to read
Returns: array the file contents
-
initMissingServiceProviders
(Container $app)¶ Initializes needed but yet missing service providers.
Parameters: - $app (Container) – the application container
-
initLocales
(Container $app)¶ Initializes the available locales.
Parameters: - $app (Container) – the application container
Returns: array the available locales
-
initChildren
()¶ Initializes the children of the data entries.
-
getLocaleLabels
($locales, $crud)¶ Gets a map with localized entity labels from the CRUD YML.
Parameters: - $locales (array) – the available locales
- $crud (array) – the CRUD entity map
Returns: array the map with localized entity labels
-
configureDefinition
(EntityDefinition $definition, $crud)¶ Configures the EntityDefinition according to the given CRUD entity map.
Parameters: - $definition (EntityDefinition) – the definition to configure
- $crud (array) – the CRUD entity map
-
createDefinition
(Container $app, $locales, $crud, $name)¶ Creates and setups an EntityDefinition instance.
Parameters: - $app (Container) – the application container
- $locales (array) – the available locales
- $crud (array) – the parsed YAML of a CRUD entity
- $name (string) – the name of the entity
Returns: EntityDefinition the EntityDefinition good to go
-
validateEntityDefinition
(Container $app, $entityDefinition)¶ Validates the parsed entity definition.
Parameters: - $app (Container) – the application container
- $entityDefinition (array) – the entity definition to validate
-
init
(DataFactoryInterface $dataFactory, $crudFile, FileProcessorInterface $fileProcessor, Container $app)¶ Initializes the instance.
Parameters: - $dataFactory (DataFactoryInterface) – the factory to create the concrete AbstractData instances
- $crudFile (string) – the CRUD YAML file to parse
- $fileProcessor (FileProcessorInterface) – the file processor used for file fields
- $app (Container) – the application container
-
register
(Container $app)¶ Implements ServiceProviderInterface::register() registering $app[‘crud’]. $app[‘crud’] contains an instance of the ServiceProvider afterwards.
Parameters: - $app (Container) – the Container instance of the Silex application
-
boot
(Application $app)¶ Initializes the crud service right after boot.
Parameters: - $app (Application) – the Container instance of the Silex application
-
getData
($name)¶ Getter for the {@see AbstractData} instances.
Parameters: - $name (string) – the entity name of the desired Data instance
Returns: AbstractData the AbstractData instance or null on invalid name
-
getEntities
()¶ Getter for all available entity names.
Returns: string[] a list of all available entity names
-
getTemplate
(Container $app, $section, $action, $entity)¶ Determines the Twig template to use for the given parameters depending on the existance of certain keys in the Container $app in this order:
crud.$section.$action.$entity crud.$section.$action crud.$section
If nothing exists, this string is returned<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Parameters: - $app (Container) – the Silex application
- $section (string) – the section of the template, either “layout” or “template”
- $action (string) – the current calling action like “create” or “show”
- $entity (string) – the current calling entity
Returns: string the best fitting template
-
setLocale
($locale)¶ Sets the locale to be used.
Parameters: - $locale (string) – the locale to be used.
-
getLocales
()¶ Gets the available locales.
Returns: array the available locales
-


#assign javaconstructors="active">
Constructors
We don't need a default constructor and this means we can give our entity beans a constructor
that takes arguments. Typically the arguments are properties that should always be supplied
when creating a new bean of that type.
e.g. Customer must have a name
```java
...
@Entity
public class Customer {
@Id
long id;
String name;
... // other properties
/**
* To create a new Customer we need to supply a name.
*/
public Customer(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
// getters and setters
}
```
e.g. Order must have a Customer and order date
```java
...
@Entity
public class Order {
@Id
long id;
@Column(nullable=false)
LocalDate orderDate;
@ManyToOne(optional=false)
Customer customer;
... // other properties
public Order(LocalDate orderDate, Customer customer) {
this.orderDate = orderDate;
this.customer = customer;
}
// getters and setters
}
```
<@next_edit "MappedSuperclass" "/docs/getting-started/java-mapped-superclass" "/docs/getting-started/java-constructors.html"/>


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Go to the source code of this file.
Classes |
|
| struct | TCLAP::ArgTraits< long > |
| longs have value-like semantics. More... |
|
| struct | TCLAP::ArgTraits< int > |
| ints have value-like semantics. More... |
|
| struct | TCLAP::ArgTraits< short > |
| shorts have value-like semantics. More... |
|
| struct | TCLAP::ArgTraits< char > |
| chars have value-like semantics. More... |
|
| struct | TCLAP::ArgTraits< unsigned long > |
| unsigned longs have value-like semantics. More... |
|
| struct | TCLAP::ArgTraits< unsigned int > |
| unsigned ints have value-like semantics. More... |
|
| struct | TCLAP::ArgTraits< unsigned short > |
| unsigned shorts have value-like semantics. More... |
|
| struct | TCLAP::ArgTraits< unsigned char > |
| unsigned chars have value-like semantics. More... |
|
| struct | TCLAP::ArgTraits< float > |
| floats have value-like semantics. More... |
|
| struct | TCLAP::ArgTraits< double > |
| doubles have value-like semantics. More... |
|
| struct | TCLAP::ArgTraits< bool > |
| bools have value-like semantics. More... |
|
| struct | TCLAP::ArgTraits< wchar_t > |
| wchar_ts have value-like semantics. More... |
|
| struct | TCLAP::ArgTraits< std::string > |
| Strings have string like argument traits. More... |
|
Namespaces |
|
| namespace | TCLAP |
Functions |
|
| template<typename T > | |
| void | TCLAP::SetString (T &dst, const std::string &src) |


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5 Step 3: Use of auxiliary data for weight calibration
In certain cases we might have information about our statistical population (e.g. census counts or proportions from official statistics). We can then use these to ‘correct’ our weights. This adjustment is called calibration and consists on finding a new set of weights that are as near as possible the input (‘final’) weights but reproduce the population information exactly. Valliant et al (2013) explain that using the previous ‘final’ weights as input for the calibration step allows us to ‘borrow’ good estiamtion properties from those.
An important difference between this step and the one on non-response adjustment is that non-response adjustment requieres having information for both sampled respondents and non-respondents. Calibration only requieres information for respondents and population in general.
Here we will calibrate weights using a ‘raking’ procedure (explained in Valliant el al 2013 page 358). Unlike other calibration methods, ‘raking’ does not requiere information on cross-classification categories but just marginal population counts. In other words, we do not need the information from crossing several variables (although we can use it if available). As explained by Lumley (2010, page 139), the process is very much iterative. It involves post-stratifying on each set of variables in turn, and repeating the process until the weights stop changing.
The 7th ESS used cross-classifications of age group and gender plus region (separately) to calibrate UK data. Here we will try to reproduce their calibration. For more information on ESS post-stratification weights see their document: Documentation of ESS Post-Stratification Weights
5.1 Preparing data for calibration
First we will compute the interaction between gender and age with the categories used for calibration in the ESS.
data %<>%
mutate(agea_rec = cut(agea %>% as.numeric(), breaks = c(14, 34, 54, 99))) %>%
unite(col = gender_age_rec, gndr, agea_rec, remove = F) %>%
mutate(gender_age_rec = replace(x = gender_age_rec,
list = gender_age_rec %in% c("Female_NA", "Male_NA"),
values = NA ))
data %<>%
filter(!is.na(gender_age_rec), !is.na(region)) # see footnote in text below.
The total number of weighted units in each of the categories we will use for calibration can be seen in tables below6.
data %>%
group_by(gender_age_rec) %>%
summarise(total_n_sample = sum(final.weight))
## # A tibble: 6 x 2
## gender_age_rec total_n_sample
## <chr> <dbl>
## 1 Female_(14,34] 278.
## 2 Female_(34,54] 442.
## 3 Female_(54,99] 465.
## 4 Male_(14,34] 257.
## 5 Male_(34,54] 358.
## 6 Male_(54,99] 427.
data %>%
group_by(region) %>%
summarise(total_n_sample = sum(final.weight))
## # A tibble: 12 x 2
## region total_n_sample
## <fct> <dbl>
## 1 North East (England) 109.
## 2 North West (England) 256.
## 3 Yorkshire and the Humber 166.
## 4 East Midlands (England) 176.
## 5 West Midlands (England) 178.
## 6 East of England 182.
## 7 London 239.
## 8 South East (England) 321.
## 9 South West (England) 188.
## 10 Wales 127.
## 11 Scotland 222.
## 12 Northern Ireland 63.2
Now we import Eurostat data7 and recode it into ESS adjustment/post-stratification categories.
The data used in this guide are hosted in the author’s github page and the raw version can be checked in the following links:
age.gender.eurostat <- read.csv(text=getURL("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JosepER/PPMI_how_to_weight_a_survey/master/data/Eurostat/Agebygender_demo_pjangroup.csv"), header=T)
age.gender.eurostat %<>%
spread(key = Age, value = Value)
age.gender.eurostat %<>%
mutate(`15to34` = `From 15 to 19 years` + `From 20 to 24 years` + `From 25 to 29 years` +
`From 30 to 34 years`,
`35to54` = `From 35 to 39 years` + `From 40 to 44 years` + `From 45 to 49 years` +
`From 50 to 54 years`,
`55to99` = `From 55 to 59 years` + `From 60 to 64 years` + `From 65 to 69 years` +
`From 70 to 74 years` + `75 years or over`) %>%
select(SEX, `15to34`:`55to99`)
region.eurostat <- read.csv(text=getURL("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JosepER/PPMI_how_to_weight_a_survey/master/data/Eurostat/Nuts2byage.csv"), header=T, stringsAsFactors = F)
region.eurostat %<>%
gather(key = age, value = population, -Country)
region.eurostat %<>%
group_by(Country) %>%
summarise(pop_sum = sum(population) )
We will now scale the Eurostat data to our sample size. The idea is to obtain the weights that make our sample proportions look like those in Eurostat. For these, we will calculate how many respondents in our sample should pertain to each category if we had Eurostat proportions. We will use our sample size based only on (weighted) completed responses in our post-stratification adjustment variables (age, gender and region).
First we compute the total (weighted) observations in our sample of respondents.
data.calibration <- data
weighted.pop <- sum(data.calibration$final.weight)
weighted.pop
## [1] 2226.987
In the next chunk of code we will scale Eurostat population by age an gender data to the size of our sample. We will do this by dividing Eurostat absolute population numbers by the sum of population in all categories and multiplying it by the previously computed sum of weighted respondents. This will provide us a dataframe (‘age.gender.eurostat’) with the number of respondents our survey sample should have in each gender and age crossed category if it was to resemble the proportions found in reality (i.e. official statistics).
age.gender.eurostat %<>%
gather(key = age, value = population, -SEX) %>%
unite(col = gender_age_rec, SEX, age)
total.population <- age.gender.eurostat$population %>%
sum()
age.gender.eurostat %<>%
mutate(Freq = round(population/total.population * weighted.pop, 0) ) %>%
select(-population)
age.gender.eurostat$gender_age_rec <- c("Female_(14,34]", "Male_(14,34]",
"Female_(34,54]", "Male_(34,54]",
"Female_(54,99]", "Male_(54,99]")
age.gender.eurostat
## gender_age_rec Freq
## 1 Female_(14,34] 352
## 2 Male_(14,34] 358
## 3 Female_(34,54] 372
## 4 Male_(34,54] 364
## 5 Female_(54,99] 417
## 6 Male_(54,99] 364
rm(total.population)
Next we will do the same for Eurostat’s population data on NUTS 2 regions.
total.population <- region.eurostat$pop_sum %>%
sum()
region.eurostat %<>%
mutate(Freq = round(pop_sum/total.population * weighted.pop, 0) ) %>%
select(-pop_sum)
names(region.eurostat)[[1]] <- "region"
region.eurostat$region[region.eurostat$region == "East Midlands (UK)"] <- "East Midlands (England)"
region.eurostat$region[region.eurostat$region == "North East (UK)"] <- "North East (England)"
region.eurostat$region[region.eurostat$region == "North West (UK)"] <- "North West (England)"
region.eurostat$region[region.eurostat$region == "Northern Ireland (UK)"] <- "Northern Ireland"
region.eurostat$region[region.eurostat$region == "South East (UK)"] <- "South East (England)"
region.eurostat$region[region.eurostat$region == "South West (UK)"] <- "South West (England)"
region.eurostat$region[region.eurostat$region == "West Midlands (UK)"] <- "West Midlands (England)"
region.eurostat$region[region.eurostat$region == "Yorkshire and The Humber"] <- "Yorkshire and the Humber"
Here we will briefly test that we have the same categories in calibration variables of both survey and Eurostat datasets.
if( identical(region.eurostat$region %>% unique %>% sort, data.calibration$region %>% as.character() %>% unique %>% sort) != T) {
stop("Levels in region variable have to be the the same in the calibration and dataset used for population frequencies")
}
if( identical(age.gender.eurostat$gender_age_rec %>% unique %>% sort, data.calibration$gender_age_rec %>% as.character() %>% unique %>% sort) != T) {
stop("Levels in age by gender categories variable have to be the the same in the calibration and dataset used for population frequencies")
}
5.2 Implementing calibration
Now we will use the R ‘survey’ package (Lumley,T., 2010) to calibrate weights using the raking procedure. We will do this twice. First time we will compute the raked weighs using our ‘final.weight’ as an input. These contain information from both the base weights and our adjustment for non-response. In the second computation we will repeat the ESS design and use (only) the design/base weights as an input (variable ‘base.weight’). This will allow us to compare our output weights with those computed by the experts behind the weighting procedure of the 7th ESS.
The R ‘survey’ package works in a rather particular way8. It first requieres to specify the design of the survey with the ‘svydesign’ function. This creates an object of an adhoc class ‘survey.design’ that is passed to further procedures such as weights raking.
The ‘svydesign’ function requieres an ‘ids’ argument with cluster ids. For the specific case of the 7th ESS in the UK, this would be the postal codes, which are the Primary Sampling Units (PSU). The procedures of the ‘survey’ package would then take into account these related responses when computing variances. However, here we will ignore this fact and pretend that all responses where independent of each other (we can do this by passing ~ 0 to the ‘ids’ argument). This should not affect the raking procedure. Next, we neet to specify the input weights in the ‘weights’ argument. Here we will pass the computed final weights and the design/base weights respectively to create both survey designs. Last, we need to specify the data with the survey respondses in the ‘data’ argument.
In this next chunk of code we will create these two objects which will correspond to the two explained computations of raked weights.
our.svydesign <- svydesign(ids = ~ 0, weights = ~final.weight, data = data.calibration)
ess.svydesign <- svydesign(ids = ~ 0, weights = ~base.weight, data = data.calibration)
The raking procedure can be done with the ‘rake’ function form the ‘survey’ package. This function requieres to pass the previously computed survey design object as its first object (‘design’). The second argument (‘sample.margins’) is a list of formulas describing which variables are going to be used for calibration. Here we will pass a list with two formulas. The first one using the ‘region’ variable and the second one the ‘gender_age_rec’ variable which corresponds to the interaction/crosstabulation of gender and age categories. The third argument (‘population.margins’) are the population counts for our calibration variables. Here we will pass our dataframes with the number of people that should be in each region/gender and age category if our sample followed population proportions.
our.raked <- rake(our.svydesign, sample.margins = list(~region, ~gender_age_rec),
population = list(region.eurostat, age.gender.eurostat))
ess.raked <- rake(ess.svydesign, sample.margins = list(~region, ~gender_age_rec),
population = list(region.eurostat, age.gender.eurostat))
Then we collect the weights from the ‘our.raked’ and ‘ess.raked’ objects we just computed and we add them to our dataset for this section (the ‘data.calibration’ dataframe).
raked.weight <- our.raked$postStrata[[1]][[1]] %>% attributes() %>% .[["weights"]]
ess.raked.weight <- ess.raked$postStrata[[1]][[1]] %>% attributes() %>% .[["weights"]]
data.calibration$ess.raked.weight <- ess.raked.weight
data.calibration$raked.weight <- raked.weight
rm(raked.weight, ess.raked.weight)
5.3 Testing results from raked weights
Next we compare the frequencies of weighted observations in our sample with those we would obtain if our dataset had the same shares of age, gender and region categories as official data (i.e. the data inputed to our calibration procedure). If our calibration is successful, the frequencies should be almost the same. Here we will do this test using our calibration procedure which included design and non-response weights as an input (i.e. calibration object ‘raked.weight’). The following chunk of code shows the results for age and gender categories.
left_join(
data.calibration %>%
group_by(gender_age_rec) %>%
summarise(calibrated.sample.pop = sum(raked.weight) %>% round(1)),
age.gender.eurostat)
## # A tibble: 6 x 3
## gender_age_rec calibrated.sample.pop Freq
## <chr> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 Female_(14,34] 352. 352
## 2 Female_(34,54] 372. 372
## 3 Female_(54,99] 417. 417
## 4 Male_(14,34] 358. 358
## 5 Male_(34,54] 364. 364
## 6 Male_(54,99] 364. 364
Here we show the compared frequencies for regions. Both comparisons allow us to see that calibration performed as expected and weighted frequencies reflect population proportions from official statistics.
left_join(
data.calibration %>%
group_by(region) %>%
summarise(calibrated.sample.pop = sum(raked.weight) %>% round(1)),
region.eurostat)
## # A tibble: 12 x 3
## region calibrated.sample.pop Freq
## <chr> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 North East (England) 85 85
## 2 North West (England) 235 235
## 3 Yorkshire and the Humber 189 189
## 4 East Midlands (England) 169 169
## 5 West Midlands (England) 194 194
## 6 East of England 220 220
## 7 London 286 286
## 8 South East (England) 312 312
## 9 South West (England) 183 183
## 10 Wales 114 114
## 11 Scotland 176 176
## 12 Northern Ireland 62 62
Now we can compare our computed final calibrated weights with those computed by the experts in charge of the weighting procedure of the 7th ESS. We will first join the calibrated weights with our original dataset of respondents.
data %<>%
left_join(data.calibration %>% select(idno, raked.weight, ess.raked.weight), by = "idno")
rm(data.calibration, age.gender.eurostat, region.eurostat)
Here we compare our raked weight using the same methodology as they used in the 7th ESS (‘ess.raked.weight’) and the weight included in the 7th ESS dataset (‘pspwght’). Looking at the first 15 observations we see that they are, in most cases, very close. This means that we successfully reproduced the weights computed in the 7th ESS!
For our estimations, we could also use the calibrated/raked weights we computed ourselves using the additional input of non-response weights (variable ‘raked.weight’). Using this input, our raking procedure would also ‘borrow’ good estimation properties from the non-response adjustment9.
left_join(
data %>% select(idno, raked.weight, ess.raked.weight),
original.weights %>% select(idno, pspwght)
) %>% head(15)
## idno raked.weight ess.raked.weight pspwght
## 1 100000003 0.6033962 0.4567495 0.4674183
## 2 100000005 0.3324131 0.3403316 0.3895551
## 3 100000008 0.4118283 0.4077717 0.4023832
## 4 100000009 1.7442021 2.1873476 2.1463098
## 5 100000010 1.0769384 1.0082670 1.0230092
## 6 100000012 1.0538387 1.2975135 1.3370290
## 7 100000015 1.5882982 1.6647140 1.6514970
## 8 100000016 0.5202722 0.5131737 0.4886227
## 9 100000017 2.0233932 1.5814927 1.5864217
## 10 100000020 0.9267053 0.8367614 0.8877654
## 11 100000022 0.8641030 1.0493359 1.0878961
## 12 100000023 2.3115622 2.3722391 2.3796326
## 13 100000025 0.5406270 0.4424130 0.4768728
## 14 100000030 0.9304049 1.0735789 1.0272274
## 15 100000031 1.2475568 0.9753477 0.9355472
Here we try to compute a mesure of distance of our computed raked weights to those included in the original 7th ESS datafile. We can do this by calculating the sum of squared differences. As we would expect, we find that those computed using the ESS methodology tend to fall much closer to the ESS original weights than the weights which also include input from non-response estimations. It is important to stress again that this does not mean that closer weights are better than those including properties from non-response estimations.
left_join(
data %>% select(idno, raked.weight, ess.raked.weight),
original.weights %>% select(idno, pspwght)
) %>%
mutate(diff.myraked = pspwght-raked.weight,
diff.essraked = pspwght-ess.raked.weight) %>%
summarise(ssdiff.myraked = sum(diff.myraked ^ 2),
ssdiff.essraked = sum(diff.essraked ^ 2))
## ssdiff.myraked ssdiff.essraked
## 1 107.686 49.53199
There is a small problem with 20 respondents for which we do not have information about their age. In order to keep thing simple this example we will ignore this issue.↩
Eurostat data corresponds to tables and which give information on population by age and gender (‘demo_pjangroup’) and age and NUTS2 region (‘demo_r_d2jan’) on the 1st of January of 2014. Last updated on the 29th of April 2017.↩
It has its own requierements in terms of coding ‘grammar’. This is may be because it was programmed in 2003, almost 15 years ago! Hopefully other packages such as ‘srvyr’, which at the time of writing this guide is still in version 0.2.1, will be able to take the content of the ‘survey’ package and adapt it to current scripting↩
This idea of calibration weights ‘borrowing’ properties from input weights comes from Valliant et al. (2013, pag 231)↩


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Gas prices continue to drop in the Lower Mainland
Prices in Metro Vancouver dropped more than 10 cents since Wednesday
by Ashley WadhwaniGas in the Lower Mainland has seen a 15-cent drop in per-litre price since Wednesday – a welcoming change at the pump for local commuters.
GasBuddy.com was reporting a number of Vancouver stations listing prices at $1.29 per litre on Saturday morning. The cheapest spotted prices outside of the Greater Vancouver area included $1.24 per litre in Langley and $1.30 in Maple Ridge.
In the Fraser Valley, where pump prices don’t include the 17-cent transit tax, costs varied from $1.21 per litre in Abbotsford to $1.27 in Hope.
Dan McTeague with Gas Price Wizard confirmed that Wednesday saw the biggest single-day drop to gas prices across southwestern B.C. in over a decade.
READ MORE: Lower Mainland gas prices could see whopping 10-cent drop Thursday, expert says
Gas prices hovered around $1.30 back in February before a season jump, caused by a few refineries in the area being shutdown for maintenance.


Videos are first-class citizens in Scanner and are represented as streams of frames, even if the video is stored in a compressed format like h.264. Scanner supports arbitrary sparse gather operations from these streams so your application only needs to read (and possibly decode) exeactly the frames it needs.
Applications are expressed in Scanner as dataflow graphs. Dataflow graphs are composed of streams, which may be videos or other sequences of data, and ops, stateful functions which process elements from streams.
Given a dataflow graph, Scanner manages all the details of executing your application on machines with both CPUs and GPUs. This includes reading the data efficiently from local or networked storage, decoding video frames if necessary, scheduling ops to both CPUs and GPUs, handling data movement between ops, and writing data out to an external storage system.
Scanner's dataflow graphs are designed to be split up and distributed across machines.


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Chapter 13 - Different Languages
The current codebase is integrated into the komodod codebase, which is C/C++. However, it is possible to use different languages and integrate into the C/C++ as zcash has shown by using the rust language for some parts of the zcashd.
I think any language that is compiled and can create a linkable library while being able to call and be called by C/C++ functions can be used. If you are able to make such a language binding for a simple CC contract like faucet, this will be good for a 777 KMD bounty. Of course, you need to be the first to submit a properly working pull request.


| File | Statements | Branches | Functions | Lines | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| client/ | 100% | 3/3 | 100% | 0/0 | 100% | 1/1 | 100% | 3/3 | |
| client/Authentication/controllers/ | 91.67% | 22/24 | 75% | 3/4 | 88.89% | 8/9 | 91.67% | 22/24 | |
| client/Contest/contestControllers/ | 3.23% | 1/31 | 0% | 0/8 | 0% | 0/5 | 3.23% | 1/31 | |
| client/CreatePost/ | 61.36% | 27/44 | 25% | 1/4 | 54.55% | 6/11 | 61.36% | 27/44 | |
| client/PostList/ | 83.33% | 15/18 | 50% | 1/2 | 66.67% | 4/6 | 83.33% | 15/18 | |
| client/ViewPost/ | 31.58% | 6/19 | 0% | 0/2 | 16.67% | 1/6 | 31.58% | 6/19 | |
| client/spec/ | 90.48% | 95/105 | 100% | 0/0 | 92.86% | 26/28 | 90.48% | 95/105 |


Namespace DevZest.Windows
Classes
AdornerManager
Provides attached properties to get or set a System.Windows.UIElement or System.Windows.DataTemplate as the adorner of System.Windows.FrameworkElement.
ConditionalUriExtension
Provides conditional System.Uri in XAML markup.
DropDownButton
Represents a button that drops down a context menu.
MapConverter
An implementation of System.Windows.Data.IValueConverter that converts from one set of values to another based on the contents of the Mappings collection.
Mapping
ReverseCollectionViewSource
Represents the Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML) proxy of the CollectionView class, in a reversed order.
ScrollButtonVisibilityConverter
Converts the offset, extent and viewport values of System.Windows.Controls.ScrollViewer to a System.Windows.Visibility value indicates whether the scroll button should be displayed.
SplitContainer
Represents a control consisting of two resizable System.Windows.UIElement objects.
SplitterDistanceConverter
Converts instances of other types to and from SplitterDistance instances.
StyleManager
Manages style of elements.
WindowControl
Represents a movable and resizable window hosted in WindowPanel.
WindowPanel
Defines an area where you can position child WindowControl elements.
Structs
SplitterDistance
Represents the size of SplitContainer resizable areas.
Enums
FallbackBehavior
Defines possible fallback behaviors for the MapConverter.
SplitterUnitType
Describes the kind of value that a SplitterDistance object is holding.
WindowHotspot
Specifies values for DevZest.Windows.WindowControl.Hotspot attached property.