Examples¶
This page demonstrates how QCircuits can be used to simulate example quantum algorithms.
Producing Bell States¶
Example code producing each of the four entangled Bell states for a two-qubit system.
The circuit diagram is
where |x⟩ and |y⟩ are each one of the computational basis states, |0⟩ or |1⟩.
E.g., \(|\beta_{00}⟩ = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} (|00⟩ + |11⟩)\).
Code:
import qcircuits as qc
from itertools import product
# Creates each of the four Bell states
def bell_state(x, y):
H = qc.Hadamard()
CNOT = qc.CNOT()
phi = qc.bitstring(x, y)
phi = H(phi, qubit_indices=[0])
return CNOT(phi)
if __name__ == '__main__':
for x, y in product([0, 1], repeat=2):
print('\nInput: {} {}'.format(x, y))
print('Bell state:')
print(bell_state(x, y))
Quantum Teleportation¶
Code:
import qcircuits as qc
# Quantum Teleportation: transmitting two classical bits to transport a qubit state
# Alice has a qubit in a given quantum state.
# Alice and Bob have previously prepared a Bell state, and have since
# physically separated the qubits.
# Alice manipulates her hidden qubit and her half of the Bell state, and then
# measures both qubits.
# She sends the result (two classical bits) to Bob, who is able to reconstruct
# Alice's state by applying operators based on the measurement outcomes.
def quantum_teleportation(alice_state):
# Get operators we will need
CNOT = qc.CNOT()
H = qc.Hadamard()
X = qc.PauliX()
Z = qc.PauliZ()
# The prepared, shared Bell state
bell = qc.bell_state(0, 0)
# The whole state vector
state = alice_state * bell
# Apply CNOT and Hadamard gate
state = CNOT(state, qubit_indices=[0, 1])
state = H(state, qubit_indices=[0])
# Measure the first two bits
# The only uncollapsed part of the state vector is Bob's
M1, M2 = state.measure(qubit_indices=[0, 1], remove=True)
# Apply X and/or Z gates to third qubit depending on measurements
if M2:
state = X(state)
if M1:
state = Z(state)
return state
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Alice's original state to be teleported to Bob
alice = qc.qubit(theta=1.5, phi=0.5, global_phase=0.2)
# Bob's state after quantum teleportation
bob = quantum_teleportation(alice)
print('Original state:', alice)
print('\nTeleported state:', bob)
Quantum Parallelism¶
Code:
import qcircuits as qc
import numpy as np
# Example of quantum parallelism
# Construct a Boolean function
def construct_problem():
answers = np.random.randint(0, 2, size=2)
def f(bit):
return answers[bit]
return f
def quantum_parallelism(f):
U_f = qc.U_f(f, d=2)
H = qc.Hadamard()
phi = qc.zeros(2)
phi = H(phi, qubit_indices=[0])
phi = U_f(phi)
if __name__ == '__main__':
f = construct_problem()
quantum_parallelism(f)
Deutsch’s Algorithm¶
Code:
import qcircuits as qc
import numpy as np
# Deutsch's Algorithhm:
# We use interference to determine if f(0) = f(1) using a single function evaluation.
# Construct a Boolean function that is constant or balanced
def construct_problem():
answers = np.random.randint(0, 2, size=2)
def f(bit):
return answers[bit]
return f
def deutsch_algorithm(f):
U_f = qc.U_f(f, d=2)
H = qc.Hadamard()
phi = H(qc.zeros()) * H(qc.ones())
phi = U_f(phi)
phi = H(phi, qubit_indices=[0])
measurement = phi.measure(qubit_indices=0)
return measurement
if __name__ == '__main__':
f = construct_problem()
parity = f(0) == f(1)
measurement = deutsch_algorithm(f)
print('f(0): {}, f(1): {}'.format(f(0), f(1)))
print('f(0) == f(1): {}'.format(parity))
print('Measurement: {}'.format(measurement))
The Deutsch-Jozsa Algorithm¶
Code:
import qcircuits as qc
import numpy as np
import random
# Deutsch-Jozsa Algorithhm:
# We are presented with a Boolean function that is either constant or
# balanced (i.e., 0 for half of inputs, 1 for the other half).
# We make use of interference to determine whether the function is constant
# or balanced in a single function evaluation.
# Construct a Boolean function that is constant or balanced
def construct_problem(d=1, problem_type='constant'):
num_inputs = 2**d
answers = np.zeros(num_inputs, dtype=np.int32)
if problem_type == 'constant':
answers[:] = int(np.random.random() < 0.5)
else: # function is balanced
indices = np.random.choice(num_inputs, size=num_inputs//2, replace=False)
answers[indices] = 1
def f(*bits):
index = sum(v * 2**i for i, v in enumerate(bits))
return answers[index]
return f
def deutsch_jozsa_algorithm(d, f):
# The operators we will need
U_f = qc.U_f(f, d=d+1)
H_d = qc.Hadamard(d)
H = qc.Hadamard()
state = qc.zeros(d) * qc.ones(1)
state = (H_d * H)(state)
state = U_f(state)
state = H_d(state, qubit_indices=range(d))
measurements = state.measure(qubit_indices=range(d))
return measurements
if __name__ == '__main__':
d = 10
problem_type = random.choice(['constant', 'balanced'])
f = construct_problem(d, problem_type)
measurements = deutsch_jozsa_algorithm(d, f)
print('Problem type: {}'.format(problem_type))
print('Measurement: {}'.format(measurements))
print('Observed all zeros: {}'.format(not any(measurements)))
Superdense Coding¶
Code:
import qcircuits as qc
import numpy as np
# Superdense Coding: transmitting a qubit to transport two classical bits
# Alice and Bob have previously prepared a Bell state, and have since
# physically separated the qubits.
# Alice has two classical bits she wants to transmit to Bob.
# She manipulates her half of the Bell state depending on the values of those bits,
# then transmits her qubit to Bob, who then measures the system.
def superdense_coding(bit_1, bit_2):
# Get operators we will need
CNOT = qc.CNOT()
H = qc.Hadamard()
X = qc.PauliX()
Z = qc.PauliZ()
# The prepared, shared Bell state
# Initially, half is in Alice's possession, and half in Bob's
phi = qc.bell_state(0, 0)
# Alice manipulates her qubit
if bit_2:
phi = X(phi, qubit_indices=[0])
if bit_1:
phi = Z(phi, qubit_indices=[0])
# Bob decodes the two bits
phi = CNOT(phi)
phi = H(phi, qubit_indices=[0])
measurements = phi.measure()
return measurements
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Alice's classical bits she wants to transmit
bit_1, bit_2 = np.random.randint(0, 2, size=2)
# Bob's measurements
measurements = superdense_coding(bit_1, bit_2)
print("Alice's initial bits:\t{}, {}".format(bit_1, bit_2))
print("Bob's measurements:\t{}, {}".format(measurements[0], measurements[1]))
Phase Estimation¶
We are give a black-box d-qubit operator U and one of its eigenstates. The task is to estimate the phase of the corresponding eigenvalue, storing the result in a t-qubit register.
Code:
import qcircuits as qc
import numpy as np
from scipy.stats import unitary_group
# Phase estimation
# We are given a black-box unitary operator, and one of its eigenstates.
# The task is to estimate the phase of the corresponding eigenvalue.
# This is done making use of the efficient inverse quantum Fourier transform.
# Prepares a state that when the inverse Fourier transform is applied,
# unpacks the binary fractional expansion of the phase into the
# first t-qubit register.
def stage_1(state, U, t, d):
state = qc.Hadamard(d=t)(state, qubit_indices=range(t))
# For each qubit in reverse order, apply the Hadamard gate,
# then apply U^(2^i) to the d-qubit register
# conditional on the state of the t-i qubit in the
# t-qubit register.
for idx, t_i in enumerate(range(t-1, -1, -1)):
U_2_idx = U
for app_i in range(idx):
U_2_idx = U_2_idx(U_2_idx)
C_U = qc.ControlledU(U_2_idx)
state = C_U(
state,
qubit_indices=[t_i] + list(range(t, t+d, 1))
)
return state
# The t-qubit quantum Fourier transform
def QFT(t):
Op = qc.Identity(t)
H = qc.Hadamard()
# The R_k gate applies a 2pi/2^k phase is the qubit is set
C_Rs = {}
for k in range(2, t+1, 1):
R_k = np.exp(np.pi * 1j / 2**k) * qc.RotationZ(2*np.pi / 2**k)
C_Rs[k] = qc.ControlledU(R_k)
# For each qubit in order, apply the Hadamard gate, and then
# apply the R_2, R_3, ... conditional on the remainder of the qubits
for t_i in range(t):
Op = H(Op, qubit_indices=[t_i])
for k in range(2, t+1 - t_i, 1):
Op = C_Rs[k](Op, qubit_indices=[t_i + k - 1, t_i])
# We have the QFT, but with the qubits in reverse order
# Swap them back
Swap = qc.Swap()
for i, j in zip(range(t), range(t-1, -1, -1)):
if i >= j:
break
Op = Swap(Op, qubit_indices=[i, j])
return Op
# The t-qubit inverse quantum Fourier transform
def inv_QFT(t):
return QFT(t).adj
# Do phase estimation for a random d-qubit operator,
# recording the result in a t-qubit register.
def phase_estimation(d=2, t=8):
# a d-qubit gate
U = unitary_group.rvs(2**d)
eigvals, eigvecs = np.linalg.eig(U)
U = qc.Operator.from_matrix(U)
# an eigenvector u and the phase of its eigenvalue, phi
phi = np.real(np.log(eigvals[0]) / (2j*np.pi))
if phi < 0:
phi += 1
u = eigvecs[:, 0]
u = qc.State.from_column_vector(u)
# add the t-qubit register
state = qc.zeros(t) * u
state = stage_1(state, U, t, d)
state = inv_QFT(t)(state, qubit_indices=range(t))
measurement = state.measure(qubit_indices=range(t))
phi_estimate = sum(measurement[i] * 2**(-i-1) for i in range(t))
return phi, phi_estimate
if __name__ == '__main__':
phi, phi_estimate = phase_estimation(d=2, t=8)
print('True phase: {}'.format(phi))
print('Estimated phase: {}'.format(phi_estimate))
Grover’s Algorithm¶
We are given a black-box boolean function f(x) that evaluates to 1 for exactly one value of x. Grover’s algorithm finds the solution with resources proportional to the square root of the size of the search space.
Code:
import qcircuits as qc
import numpy as np
import random
# Grover's algorithm (search)
# Given a boolean function f, Grover's algorithm finds an x such that
# f(x) = 1.
# If there are N values of x, and M possible solutions, it requires
# O(sqrt(N/M)) time.
# Here, we construct a search problem with 1 solution amongst 1024
# possible answers, and find the solution with 25 applications of
# the Grover iteration operator.
# Construct a Boolean function that is 1 in exactly one place
def construct_problem(d=10):
num_inputs = 2**d
answers = np.zeros(num_inputs, dtype=np.int32)
answers[np.random.randint(0, num_inputs)] = 1
def f(*bits):
index = sum(v * 2**i for i, v in enumerate(bits))
return answers[index]
return f
def grover_algorithm(d, f):
# The operators we will need
Oracle = qc.U_f(f, d=d+1)
H_d = qc.Hadamard(d)
H = qc.Hadamard()
N = 2**d
zero_projector = np.zeros((N, N))
zero_projector[0, 0] = 1
Inversion = H_d((2 * qc.Operator.from_matrix(zero_projector) - qc.Identity(d))(H_d))
Grover = Inversion(Oracle, qubit_indices=range(d))
# Initial state
state = qc.zeros(d) * qc.ones(1)
state = (H_d * H)(state)
# Number of Grover iterations
angle_to_rotate = np.arccos(np.sqrt(1 / N))
rotation_angle = 2 * np.arcsin(np.sqrt(1 / N))
iterations = int(round(angle_to_rotate / rotation_angle))
for i in range(iterations):
state = Grover(state)
measurements = state.measure(qubit_indices=range(d))
return measurements
if __name__ == '__main__':
d = 10
f = construct_problem(d)
bits = grover_algorithm(d, f)
print('Measurement: {}'.format(bits))
print('Evaluate f at measurement: {}'.format(f(*bits)))


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Internally, communication in opendnp3 happens via an abstract communication channel interface. Opendnp3 supports TCP Client/Server and serial communications currently, but UDP and TLS encrypted TCP will be added in the near future.
The manager that you created previously is now ready to have some channels bound to it. Just adding a channel to the manager does nothing other than create the record. If it’s TCP socket or serial port it won’t try to open until you bind an outstation or master. A TCP server won’t listen for connections yet either. Here’s an example of how you go about adding a TCP client. Assume we have a DNP3Manager called ‘manager’:
//C++11
IChannel* pClient = manager.AddTCPClient(
"tcpclient", //name used in log messages
LEV_INFO, //lowest log level of messages
5000, //connection retry interval mS
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//java
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Class: Aws::SageMaker::Types::CreateLabelingJobRequest
| Relationships & Source Files | |
| Super Chains via Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance | |
|
Class Chain:
self,
Struct
|
|
|
Instance Chain:
self,
::Aws::Structure ,
Struct
|
|
| Inherits: |
Struct
|
| Defined in: | gems/aws-sdk-sagemaker/lib/aws-sdk-sagemaker/types.rb |
Overview
Constant Summary
Instance Attribute Summary
-
#human_task_config ⇒ Types::HumanTaskConfig
rw
Configures the labeling task and how it is presented to workers; including, but not limited to price, keywords, and batch size (task count).
-
#input_config ⇒ Types::LabelingJobInputConfig
rw
Input data for the labeling job, such as the Amazon S3 location of the data objects and the location of the manifest file that describes the data objects.
-
#label_attribute_name ⇒ String
rw
The attribute name to use for the label in the output manifest file.
-
#label_category_config_s3_uri ⇒ String
rw
The S3 URI of the file, referred to as a label category configuration file, that defines the categories used to label the data objects.
-
#labeling_job_algorithms_config ⇒ Types::LabelingJobAlgorithmsConfig
rw
Configures the information required to perform automated data labeling.
-
#labeling_job_name ⇒ String
rw
The name of the labeling job.
-
#output_config ⇒ Types::LabelingJobOutputConfig
rw
The location of the output data and the Amazon Web Services Key Management Service key ID for the key used to encrypt the output data, if any.
-
#role_arn ⇒ String
rw
The Amazon
::Aws::SageMaker::Resource
Number (ARN) that Amazon SageMaker assumes to perform tasks on your behalf during data labeling. -
#stopping_conditions ⇒ Types::LabelingJobStoppingConditions
rw
A set of conditions for stopping the labeling job.
-
#tags ⇒ Array<Types::Tag>
rw
An array of key/value pairs.
Instance Method Summary
::Aws::Structure
- Included
| #to_hash | Alias for Aws::Structure#to_h. |
Instance Attribute Details
#human_task_config ⇒ Types::HumanTaskConfig (rw)
Configures the labeling task and how it is presented to workers; including, but not limited to price, keywords, and batch size (task count).
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-sagemaker/lib/aws-sdk-sagemaker/types.rb', line 6669
class CreateLabelingJobRequest < Struct.new( :labeling_job_name, :label_attribute_name, :input_config, :output_config, :role_arn, :label_category_config_s3_uri, :stopping_conditions, :labeling_job_algorithms_config, :human_task_config, : ) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#input_config ⇒ Types::LabelingJobInputConfig (rw)
Input data for the labeling job, such as the Amazon S3 location of the data objects and the location of the manifest file that describes the data objects.
You must specify at least one of the following: S3DataSource
or
SnsDataSource
.
Use
SnsDataSource
to specify an::Aws::SNS
input topic for a streaming labeling job. If you do not specify and SNS input topic ARN, Ground Truth will create a one-time labeling job that stops after all data objects in the input manifest file have been labeled.Use
S3DataSource
to specify an input manifest file for both streaming and one-time labeling jobs. Adding anS3DataSource
is optional if you useSnsDataSource
to create a streaming labeling job.
If you use the Amazon Mechanical Turk workforce, your input data
should not include confidential information, personal information or
protected health information. Use ContentClassifiers
to specify
that your data is free of personally identifiable information and
adult content.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-sagemaker/lib/aws-sdk-sagemaker/types.rb', line 6669
class CreateLabelingJobRequest < Struct.new( :labeling_job_name, :label_attribute_name, :input_config, :output_config, :role_arn, :label_category_config_s3_uri, :stopping_conditions, :labeling_job_algorithms_config, :human_task_config, : ) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#label_attribute_name ⇒ String
(rw)
The attribute name to use for the label in the output manifest file.
This is the key for the key/value pair formed with the label that a
worker assigns to the object. The LabelAttributeName
must meet the
following requirements.
The name can't end with "-metadata".
If you are using one of the following built-in task types, the attribute name must end with "-ref". If the task type you are using is not listed below, the attribute name must not end with "-ref".
- Image semantic segmentation (
SemanticSegmentation)
, and adjustment (AdjustmentSemanticSegmentation
) and verification (VerificationSemanticSegmentation
) labeling jobs for this task type. - Video frame object detection (
VideoObjectDetection
), and adjustment and verification (AdjustmentVideoObjectDetection
) labeling jobs for this task type. - Video frame object tracking (
VideoObjectTracking
), and adjustment and verification (AdjustmentVideoObjectTracking
) labeling jobs for this task type. - 3D point cloud semantic segmentation
(
3DPointCloudSemanticSegmentation
), and adjustment and verification (Adjustment3DPointCloudSemanticSegmentation
) labeling jobs for this task type. - 3D point cloud object tracking (
3DPointCloudObjectTracking
), and adjustment and verification (Adjustment3DPointCloudObjectTracking
) labeling jobs for this task type.
- Image semantic segmentation (
If you are creating an adjustment or verification labeling job, you
must use a different LabelAttributeName
than the one used in the
original labeling job. The original labeling job is the Ground Truth
labeling job that produced the labels that you want verified or
adjusted. To learn more about adjustment and verification labeling
jobs, see Verify and Adjust Labels.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-sagemaker/lib/aws-sdk-sagemaker/types.rb', line 6669
class CreateLabelingJobRequest < Struct.new( :labeling_job_name, :label_attribute_name, :input_config, :output_config, :role_arn, :label_category_config_s3_uri, :stopping_conditions, :labeling_job_algorithms_config, :human_task_config, : ) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#label_category_config_s3_uri ⇒ String
(rw)
The S3 URI of the file, referred to as a label category configuration file, that defines the categories used to label the data objects.
For 3D point cloud and video frame task types, you can add label category attributes and frame attributes to your label category configuration file. To learn how, see Create a Labeling Category Configuration File for 3D Point Cloud Labeling Jobs.
For named entity recognition jobs, in addition to "labels"
, you
must provide worker instructions in the label category configuration
file using the "instructions"
parameter: "instructions":
\{"shortInstruction":"
Add header

Add Instructions
",
"fullInstruction":"
Add additional instructions.
"\}
. For
details and an example, see Create a Named Entity Recognition
Labeling Job (API) .
For all other built-in task types and custom tasks, your
label category configuration file must be a JSON file in the
following format. Identify the labels you want to use by replacing
label_1
, label_2
,...
,label_n
with your label categories.
\{
"document-version": "2018-11-28",
"labels": [\{"label": "label_1"\},\{"label":
"label_2"\},...\{"label": "label_n"\}]
\}
Note the following about the label category configuration file:
For image classification and text classification (single and multi-label) you must specify at least two label categories. For all other task types, the minimum number of label categories required is one.
Each label category must be unique, you cannot specify duplicate label categories.
If you create a 3D point cloud or video frame adjustment or verification labeling job, you must include
auditLabelAttributeName
in the label category configuration. Use this parameter to enter theLabelAttributeName
of the labeling job you want to adjust or verify annotations of.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-sagemaker/lib/aws-sdk-sagemaker/types.rb', line 6669
class CreateLabelingJobRequest < Struct.new( :labeling_job_name, :label_attribute_name, :input_config, :output_config, :role_arn, :label_category_config_s3_uri, :stopping_conditions, :labeling_job_algorithms_config, :human_task_config, : ) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#labeling_job_algorithms_config ⇒ Types::LabelingJobAlgorithmsConfig (rw)
Configures the information required to perform automated data labeling.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-sagemaker/lib/aws-sdk-sagemaker/types.rb', line 6669
class CreateLabelingJobRequest < Struct.new( :labeling_job_name, :label_attribute_name, :input_config, :output_config, :role_arn, :label_category_config_s3_uri, :stopping_conditions, :labeling_job_algorithms_config, :human_task_config, : ) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#labeling_job_name ⇒ String
(rw)
The name of the labeling job. This name is used to identify the job
in a list of labeling jobs. Labeling job names must be unique within
an Amazon Web Services account and region. LabelingJobName
is not
case sensitive. For example, Example-job and example-job are
considered the same labeling job name by Ground Truth.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-sagemaker/lib/aws-sdk-sagemaker/types.rb', line 6669
class CreateLabelingJobRequest < Struct.new( :labeling_job_name, :label_attribute_name, :input_config, :output_config, :role_arn, :label_category_config_s3_uri, :stopping_conditions, :labeling_job_algorithms_config, :human_task_config, : ) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#output_config ⇒ Types::LabelingJobOutputConfig (rw)
The location of the output data and the Amazon Web Services Key Management Service key ID for the key used to encrypt the output data, if any.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-sagemaker/lib/aws-sdk-sagemaker/types.rb', line 6669
class CreateLabelingJobRequest < Struct.new( :labeling_job_name, :label_attribute_name, :input_config, :output_config, :role_arn, :label_category_config_s3_uri, :stopping_conditions, :labeling_job_algorithms_config, :human_task_config, : ) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#role_arn ⇒ String
(rw)
The Amazon ::Aws::SageMaker::Resource
Number (ARN) that Amazon SageMaker assumes to
perform tasks on your behalf during data labeling. You must grant
this role the necessary permissions so that Amazon SageMaker can
successfully complete data labeling.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-sagemaker/lib/aws-sdk-sagemaker/types.rb', line 6669
class CreateLabelingJobRequest < Struct.new( :labeling_job_name, :label_attribute_name, :input_config, :output_config, :role_arn, :label_category_config_s3_uri, :stopping_conditions, :labeling_job_algorithms_config, :human_task_config, : ) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#stopping_conditions ⇒ Types::LabelingJobStoppingConditions (rw)
A set of conditions for stopping the labeling job. If any of the conditions are met, the job is automatically stopped. You can use these conditions to control the cost of data labeling.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-sagemaker/lib/aws-sdk-sagemaker/types.rb', line 6669
class CreateLabelingJobRequest < Struct.new( :labeling_job_name, :label_attribute_name, :input_config, :output_config, :role_arn, :label_category_config_s3_uri, :stopping_conditions, :labeling_job_algorithms_config, :human_task_config, : ) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#tags ⇒ Array
<Types::Tag> (rw)
An array of key/value pairs. For more information, see Using Cost Allocation Tags in the Amazon Web Services Billing and Cost Management User Guide.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-sagemaker/lib/aws-sdk-sagemaker/types.rb', line 6669
class CreateLabelingJobRequest < Struct.new( :labeling_job_name, :label_attribute_name, :input_config, :output_config, :role_arn, :label_category_config_s3_uri, :stopping_conditions, :labeling_job_algorithms_config, :human_task_config, : ) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end


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FullScreenWrapper2: Python GUI framework for Android
FullScreenWapper2 is a GUI Framework for developing full screen apps using the FullScreenUI API functions provided by Scripting Layer for Android (SL4A) using Python-for-Android It enables Python SL4A scripts to get a look & feel similar to Android Java apps using the same Views used by native Java apps XML Layouts and provides pythonic access to events.
Features
- Managed eventloop & a layout stack enabling easy parent->child->parent transitions
- EventHandler classes with event-matching functions pre-built for standard View events like click,itemclick(ListView) and key
- Device Sensors & other similar SL4A/Custom events can also be caught & managed eventloop + EventHandler class
- Pythonic access to the views and properties of the layout (ie. MainLayout.views.txt_label.background = “#FFAA00AA”)
Get it
Full documentation & library download is available at the Python-for-Android Wiki


Best Xbox One games coming soon: Where the Water Tastes Like Wine and more
Be on the lookout for these titles!
by Asher MadanEvery week, numerous games launch on Xbox One, but which ones truly stand out? Here are some of the biggest and most anticipated titles launching across Microsoft's platforms next week. We have a few new smaller releases on Xbox One, but there are still a few surprises here and there. Notably, Where the Water Tastes Like Wine is finally launching on the console, and Story of a Gladiator offers an interesting take on the beat 'em up genre. With that in mind, here are all the best games launching next week, between November 25 and 29.
Most anticipated Xbox One games for 2019 and beyond
Where the Water Tastes Like Wine
Where the Water Tastes Like Wine is a narrative-adventure game about traveling, sharing stories, and surviving manifest destiny. Featuring gorgeous hand-drawn illustrations, Where the Water Tastes Like Wine combines 2D visuals with a 3D overworld map. Players wander across a folkloric Depression-era United States at their own pace, meeting strangers with their own stories to tell.
Where the Water Tastes Like Wine should launch on November 29, priced at $20.
Explore America
Where the Water Tastes Like Wine
Stories from The Depression
Where the Water Tastes Like Wine is an adventure game where you explore stories from The Great Depression.
Other experiences like FoxyLand and Story of a Gladiator should also release next week. If you're looking for a break between those heavy-hitters, be sure to check out these games because they're a lot of fun.
Best of the best
Xbox Game Pass Ultimate
Xbox Game Pass and Xbox Live Gold in one
Xbox Game Pass gives you access to over a hundred games for one monthly fee. Xbox Game Pass Ultimate also adds Xbox Live Gold to the package so you can play online with your friends.
Get more Xbox
Xbox
- Xbox One S vs. Xbox One X: Which should you buy?
- Best Xbox One X and Xbox One S Accessories
- Best Xbox One Headsets 2019
- Best Xbox One Wireless Headsets 2019
- Best Xbox Controller Charging Stations in 2019
We may earn a commission for purchases using our links. Learn more.


License AgreementStatus Six Communications |
CAREFULLY READ THE FOLLOWING LICENSE AGREEMENT.  IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THIS LICENSE, RETURN THE SOFTWARE TO US AND REMOVE IT FROM YOUR SYSTEM.
License Grant
“You” means the person or company who is being licensed to use the Software or Documentation. “We,” “us,” and “our” each mean the business referred to as “Status Six Communications.”
“Server Software” means the VOLANO chat server computer programs and their associated files.
“Client Software” means the VolanoChat, MyVolanoChat, and WebVolanoChat Java applet computer programs and their associated files.
“Software” means both the Server Software and the Client Software, and includes any upgrades, modified versions, updates, additions, and copies of the Software.
“Documentation” means explanatory written materials we provide regarding the Software.
“Code Base” means the host names or domain names from which the Client Software is distributed and where the Server Software is in use.
“Document Base” means the host names or domain names of the Web pages containing and embedding the Client Software.
We hereby grant you a nonexclusive license to use one copy of the Server Software on any single computer, provided the Server Software may be in use on only one computer at any time. The Server Software is “in use” on a computer when it is loaded into temporary memory (RAM) or installed into the permanent memory of a computer—for example, a hard disk, CD-ROM, or other storage device.
We hereby grant you a nonexclusive license to distribute an unlimited number of copies of the Client Software via the HTTP protocol or similar World Wide Web distribution methods onto your own or other Web pages, for use in connecting to the Server Software licensed to you under this Agreement.
The Software we build for you restricts the Code Base to the specific host name or domain name you provide and prevents someone from re-deploying the Client Software from another Web site for malicious purposes. The trial version of the Software restricts the Code Base to the local host (localhost, ip6-localhost). We may also restrict the Document Base to a list of host names or domain names you provide so that the Client Software is accessed only on known Web sites authorized by you.
Title
We remain the owner of all right, title, and interest in the Software and Documentation.
Archival or Backup Copies
You may copy the Software for back up and archival purposes, provided that the original and each copy is kept in your possession and that your installation and use of the Software does not exceed that allowed in the “License Grant” section above.
Things You May Not Do
The Software and Documentation are protected by Canadian, United States, and other copyright laws and international treaties. You must treat the Software and Documentation like any other copyrighted material—for example, a book.
You agree not to:
- copy the Documentation,
- copy the Software except to make archival or backup copies as provided above,
- modify or adapt the Software or merge it into another program,
- reverse engineer, disassemble, decompile, or make any attempt to discover the source code of the Software,
- sub-license, rent, lease, or lend any portion of the Server Software or Documentation.
Transfers
You may transfer all your rights to use the Software and Documentation to another person or legal entity provided you transfer this Agreement, the Software, and Documentation, including all copies, updates, and prior versions to such person or entity, and that you retain no copies, including copies stored on computer.
Limited Warranty
We warrant that for a period of 30 days after delivery of this copy of the Software to you:
- the media on which this copy of the Software is provided to you will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use, and
- the Software will perform in substantial accordance with the Documentation.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, THE FOREGOING LIMITED WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND WE DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, regardless of whether we know or had reason to know of your particular needs. No employee, agent, dealer, or distributor of ours is authorized to modify this limited warranty, nor to make any additional warranties.
SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO THE ABOVE EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
Limited Remedy
Our entire liability and your exclusive remedy for breach of the foregoing warranty shall be, at our option, either to:
- return the price you paid, or
- repair or replace the Software or media that does not meet the foregoing warranty if it is returned to us with a copy of your receipt.

IN NO EVENT WILL WE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY LOST PROFITS, LOST SAVINGS, OR OTHER INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE USE OF OR THE INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE (EVEN IF WE OR AN AUTHORIZED DEALER OR DISTRIBUTOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF THESE DAMAGES), OR FOR ANY CLAIM BY ANY OTHER PARTY.
SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
Term and Termination
This license agreement takes effect upon your use of the Software and remains effective until terminated. You may terminate it at any time by destroying all copies of the Software and Documentation in your possession. It will also automatically terminate if you fail to comply with any term or condition of this license agreement. You agree, on termination of this license, to destroy all copies of the Software and Documentation in your possession.
Confidentiality
The Software contains trade secrets and proprietary know-how that belong to us, and it is being made available to you in strict confidence. ANY USE OR DISCLOSURE OF THE SOFTWARE, OR OF ITS ALGORITHMS, PROTOCOLS, OR INTERFACES, OTHER THAN IN STRICT ACCORDANCE WITH THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT, IS FORBIDDEN, AND MAY BE ACTIONABLE AS A VIOLATION OF OUR TRADE SECRET RIGHTS.
General Provisions
- This license agreement is the exclusive agreement between you and us concerning the Software and Documentation and supersedes any prior purchase order, communication, advertising, or representation concerning the Software.
- This license agreement may be modified only by a writing signed by you and us.
- In the event of litigation between you and us concerning the Software or Documentation, the prevailing party in the litigation will be entitled to recover attorney fees and expenses from the other party.
- This license agreement is governed by the laws of the Province of British Columbia and the laws of Canada applicable therein, without reference to principles of conflicts of laws. The courts located in Vancouver, British Columbia, and the courts of appeal from those courts, will have exclusive jurisdiction to hear any and all proceedings and disputes in any way related to the Software, the Documentation, or this Agreement.
Included Software
The Server Software includes software developed by the Apache Software Foundation and licensed under the Apache Software License, Version 2.0. The included software consists of the Apache Tomcat servlet container and the Apache Xerces XML parser.


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{% extends "admin/admin.html" %} {% block section %}
Are you sure you want to delete the {{ name }} service?


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/**
* hafcaf is initialized as a module using a plain old JavaScript object (POJO). This embarassingly simple setup - which does not hide any private functions or variables - was chosen for its simplicity and the fact that everything was meant to be publicly accessible.
* @module hafcaf
*/
const hafcaf = {
/**
* @typedef {Object} route
* @prop {string} id - The identifier to be used for this route.
* @prop {string} [linkClass]=null - What classname(s) to add to the 'a' tags used to create menu items.
* @prop {string} [linkHTML]=null - What HTML/text to use when creating a menu item for this route. A menu item will not be created if linkHTML is not provided.
* @prop {string} [linkTagClass] - What css classes to give to the menu item container for this route.
* @prop {string} [pageClass] - What css classes to give to the page for this route.
* @prop {string} [innerHTML] - The content of the page. If not provided, will default to config.loadingHTML. Can be set or overwritten later using hafcaf.updateRoute().
* @prop {function} [onRender] - A function which will be called each time this route is rendered (made active). Can include multiple functions within itself, if desired. When composing your onRender, keep in mind to take advantage of the hafcaf.listeners collection, which can be used to hold removeEventListener calls and other functions you would like to run when hafcaf switches away from this route.
*/
/**
* @member {route[]} routes
* @static
* @description A collection of all of the routes registered with hafcaf.
*/
routes: [],
/**
* @typedef {Object} config
* @prop {string} activeClass="active" - What classname(s) to apply to the link container for the current route.
* @prop {string} [linkClass]=null - What classname(s) to add to the 'a' tags used to create menu items.
* @prop {string} linkTag="li" - What tag to use for the link container for a route's menu item.
* @prop {string} [linkTagClass]=null - What classname(s) to give to the menu item container for this route.
* @prop {string} loadingHTML - The default HTML to display when a route hasn't yet been updated with its real content. Useful when loading routes dynamically using AJAX or Fetch.
* @prop {string} mainID="main-container" - The id attribute of the container to which pages should be added.
* @prop {string} navID="nav-list" - The id attribute of the container to which menu items should be added.
* @prop {string} [pageClass]=null - What css classnames to give to route pages.
* @prop {string} pageTag="div" - What tag to use when creating a page's container.
*/
/** @member {config} config */
config: {
activeClass: "active",
linkClass: null,
linkTag: "li",
linkTagClass: null,
loadingHTML: "
Loading...
",
mainID: "main-container",
navID: "nav-list",
pageClass: null,
pageTag: "div"
},
/**
* @property {array} exitFunctions - Holds a collection of functions to be called when the current route changes, as a convenience for onRender functions that add event listeners and the like. Especially useful for cancelling subscriptions to streams or long-polling operations. Will get automatically called at the beginning of every routeChange() call.
* @type {Function[]}
*/
exitFunctions: [],
/**
* addRoute() is the method to use when you wish to add a route for hafcaf to keep track of. It takes a configuration object, all properties of which are optional except for `id`.
* @param {route} newRoute
*/
addRoute: newRoute => {
let id = newRoute.id;
// Check if a route already exists with the given ID
if (this.routes[id] !== undefined) {
console.error(
`A route with the ID ${id} already exists. Please use the updateRoute() method if you wish to update it, or change this route's ID if you still want to add it.`
);
return;
}
// Add the route to the collection of routes
this.routes[id] = newRoute;
// Add the route to the navigation menu if linkHTML provided
if (newRoute.linkHTML) {
var newEl = document.createElement(this.config.linkTag);
if (newRoute.linkTagClass || this.config.linkTagClass) {
newEl.classList.add(newRoute.linkTagClass || this.config.linkTagClass);
}
var newLink = document.createElement("a");
newLink.href = `#${id}`;
newLink.innerHTML = newRoute.linkHTML;
// Add classes to the link, if present
if (newRoute.linkClass || this.config.linkClass) {
newLink.classList.add(newRoute.linkClass || this.config.linkClass);
}
newEl.appendChild(newLink);
document.getElementById(this.config.navID).appendChild(newEl);
}
// Check if the ID already exists in the DOM (i.e. adding an existing page to the dom)
const doesNotExist = document.getElementById(id) === null;
if (doesNotExist) {
// Create a new page
var newEl = document.createElement(this.config.pageTag);
newEl.id = id;
// Add classes to the page, if present
if (newRoute.pageClass || this.config.pageClass) {
newEl.classList.add(newRoute.pageClass || this.config.pageClass);
}
// If this new route provides html, add it to the DOM, else use the loadingHTML
newEl.innerHTML = newRoute.innerHTML || this.config.loadingHTML;
// Add page to the DOM
document.getElementById(this.config.mainID).appendChild(newEl);
}
// Get the new hash, which is the route to be rendered
const currentRouteID = location.hash.slice(1);
if (id === currentRouteID) this.routeChange();
},
/**
* @property {string} - The id attribute of the route to redirect to if hafcaf is asked to redirect to a route that doesn't exist. When creating your initial html, this should be the last page in the list of pages in your page container.
*/
defaultRouteID: "home",
/**
* updateRoute() is used - naturally - to update a route's content. In addition to the page's content, one can also update the route's link's innerHTML and the route's onRender function. updateRoute() calls routeChange() at the end if the user is currently viewing the route that was just updated.
* @param {route} routeToUpdate
*/
updateRoute: routeToUpdate => {
let id = routeToUpdate.id;
const route = this.routes[id];
if (!route) {
console.error(`A route with the ID ${id} does not exist, cannot update it.`);
return false;
}
if (routeToUpdate.linkHTML) {
// First, find the link's 'a' tag by looking up the link's href
const linkEl = document.querySelector(`a[href='#${id}']`);
// Then, update the link's innerHTML with the new content
linkEl.innerHTML = routeToUpdate.linkHTML;
}
if (routeToUpdate.innerHTML) {
// First, find the page via its id
const pageEl = document.getElementById(id);
// Then, update the page's innerHTML with the new content
pageEl.innerHTML = routeToUpdate.innerHTML;
}
if (routeToUpdate.onRender) route.onRender = routeToUpdate.onRender;
// Get the new hash, which is the route to be rendered
const currentRouteID = location.hash.slice(1);
if (id === currentRouteID) this.routeChange();
},
/**
* routeChange() is a function called by hafcaf everytime a route is changed. You likely will not ever need to call it directly. The first thing it does is check to make sure the route desired is being tracked by hafcaf already. If it is, then the next step is to remove the `activeClass` from any existing elements that might have it. Third, if there are any functions in {@link hafcaf.exitFunctions}, then call those. Fourthly, find the menu item for the new active route and make it active. Finally, if the new route has an `onRender` function registered, call it.
*/
routeChange: () => {
// Get the new hash, which is the route to be rendered
const routeID = location.hash.slice(1);
// From the routes known to hafcaf, pick out the matching one
// If the desired route is not found, redirect to default page
let route = this.routes[routeID] || this.routes[this.defaultRouteID];
// If the default route doesn't exist yet either, return early
if (!route) return;
// Remove any existing active classes upon route changing
const { activeClass } = this.config;
for (var el of document.getElementsByClassName(activeClass)) {
el.classList.remove(activeClass);
}
// Iterate through the exitFunctions collection and call any functions found there
for (var len = this.exitFunctions.length; len > 0; len--) {
// Dispose all of the registered exit functions
this.exitFunctions.pop()();
}
// Next, find the new route's 'a' tag by looking up the link's href
const linkEl = document.querySelector(`a[href='#${route.id}']`);
// Make it active
if (linkEl) linkEl.classList.add(activeClass);
// If the route has an "onRender" callback, call it
if (route.onRender !== undefined) route.onRender();
// Last but not least, make sure the hash location gets updated in case of redirection
window.location.hash = route.id;
},
/**
* The init() function assigns its config object as the config (defaults) for hafcaf. Though it's recommended to only change the individual values needed, this option is provided in case you wish to change several or all values at once.
*
* init() additionally sets up a "hashchange" event listener on the window object, so that the routeChange() function will be called when the route changes. Finally, init() will set the hash to the defaultRouteID if it has not already been set (for instance, when following a link to a hafcaf site or refreshing a page) and will then call hafcaf.routeChange() to make sure the pertinent routines are executed.
* @param {config} config
*/
init: config => {
if (config) this.config = config;
// Add a global listener for 'hashchange', since this framework relies on hash-based routing
window.addEventListener("hashchange", () => {
this.routeChange();
});
// Set hash to default if no hash
if (!window.location.hash) {
window.location.hash = this.defaultRouteID;
}
this.routeChange();
}
};
export default hafcaf;


Court remand police officer in prison over alleged murder of truck driver in Ondo
by Ifeanyi Ngerem37-year-old police officer, Idowu Omosuyi, has been remanded in Olokuta Correctional Service, for allegedly killing a truck driver, Ade Saleh, along Uso/Owo in Owo Local Government Area of the state.
The 37-year-old officer was arraigned on a one-count charge of murder, shooting the truck driver on the head with his AK47 rifle, leading to the death of the driver.
The accused was said to have committed the offence on December 2, 2019, while on official duty along Uso/Owo road.
According to the Police prosecutor, the accused committed the offence which is contrary to section 316 and punishable under section 319 on the criminal code cap 37, Volume 1, of the Ondo State of Nigeria 2006.


Lesson Description
In this lesson, you will learn a few tips & tricks to an effective powerpoint and better presentation skills. Some tips & tricks to an effective powerpoint:
Choose a theme that is appropriate for the topic and the audience
No paragraphs. Use the 7x7 rule meaning no more than 7 lines with 7 words per line.
Use pictures and graphs that are relevant to your topic
Practice giving your presentation
Be confident
Use projection when giving your presentation to ensure that everyone hears you in a large or small room.
Engage with the audience by using eye contact and gestures
It is okay to read part of your powerpoint, but make sure you know to look at the crowd. It is important to know your presentation before hand so you are not reading directly from the slides.
Use note cards if necessary; note cards are helpful when you need help remembering the content. Be sure to not write your whole presentation on the note cards, only include keywords to trigger your memory for your presentation.
Ask for feedback


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https://insekurity.wordpress.com/2012/05/15/file-transfer/
https://www.cheatography.com/fred/cheat-sheets/file-transfers/
https://blog.ropnop.com/transferring-files-from-kali-to-windows/
https://linux.die.net/man/1/scp
https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?fetch(1)
https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html
https://linux.die.net/man/1/wget
**SCP, WGET, FTP, TFTP, CURL, NC, FETCH
Some methods may work the same on both Linux and Windows


Networking, Troubleshooting
Difficulty: 1
Time: 1 hour
A crucial aspect of server administration is monitoring and troubleshooting network connectivity.
Linux provides several easy to use, yet invaluable tools to help.
This article discusses how to use a few of these tools—ping
, traceroute
, and MTR
—to diagnose and troubleshoot network connectivity issues.
Ping
tests responsiveness between two hosts.
Its primary purpose is to verify if a host is reachable.
Ping
accomplishes this task by sending an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request packet to the remote host.
When the remote host receives the packet, it responds with an ICMP echo replay message indicating that the host is online.
Ping
requires only one parameter: IP address or host name of the remote host. For example:
The output looks like this:
PING godaddy.com (<IP_ADDRESS>) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from ip-208-109-4-218.ip.secureserver.net (<IP_ADDRESS>): icmp_req=1 ttl=247 time=0.632 ms 64 bytes from ip-208-109-4-218.ip.secureserver.net (<IP_ADDRESS>): icmp_req=2 ttl=247 time=0.669 ms 64 bytes from ip-208-109-4-218.ip.secureserver.net (<IP_ADDRESS>): icmp_req=4 ttl=247 time=0.632 ms 64 bytes from ip-208-109-4-218.ip.secureserver.net (<IP_ADDRESS>): icmp_req=5 ttl=247 time=0.604 ms 64 bytes from ip-208-109-4-218.ip.secureserver.net (<IP_ADDRESS>): icmp_req=6 ttl=247 time=0.622 ms 64 bytes from ip-208-109-4-218.ip.secureserver.net (<IP_ADDRESS>): icmp_req=7 ttl=247 time=0.621 ms 64 bytes from ip-208-109-4-218.ip.secureserver.net (<IP_ADDRESS>): icmp_req=8 ttl=247 time=0.621 ms 64 bytes from ip-208-109-4-218.ip.secureserver.net (<IP_ADDRESS>): icmp_req=9 ttl=247 time=0.604 ms 64 bytes from ip-208-109-4-218.ip.secureserver.net (<IP_ADDRESS>): icmp_req=10 ttl=247 time=0.635 ms 64 bytes from ip-208-109-4-218.ip.secureserver.net (<IP_ADDRESS>): icmp_req=11 ttl=247 time=0.596 ms 64 bytes from ip-208-109-4-218.ip.secureserver.net (<IP_ADDRESS>): icmp_req=12 ttl=247 time=0.617 ms 64 bytes from ip-208-109-4-218.ip.secureserver.net (<IP_ADDRESS>): icmp_req=13 ttl=247 time=0.658 ms 64 bytes from ip-208-109-4-218.ip.secureserver.net (<IP_ADDRESS>): icmp_req=14 ttl=247 time=0.628 ms 64 bytes from ip-208-109-4-218.ip.secureserver.net (<IP_ADDRESS>): icmp_req=15 ttl=247 time=0.605 ms --- godaddy.com ping statistics --- 15 packets transmitted, 14 received, 6% packet loss, time 14029ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.596/0.624/0.669/0.033 ms
For this example, the ping
statistics indicate the following:
Ping
received no reply for one ICMP echo request.
ping
was 14029 milliseconds (or about 14 seconds).
Some hosts block the ICMP port so they don't see the ICMP echo request messages and don't reply. In this case, the ping
statistics indicate
a 100% packet loss:
Ping
is a useful tool but provides only limited information that a remote host is reachable.
If there is significant packet loss, ping
does not help identify the cause.
Traceroute
attempts to trace the route that an IP packet takes to reach the destination host. It sends ICMP probe packets with a TTL (Time To Live) value of 1
and waits for a response. When an intermediate router or host receives the ICMP probe packet, it decrements TTL value by one. Afterward, if the TTL value is greater than zero, the intermediate router or host forwards the ICMP probe packet to the next host. If the decremented TTL value happens to be zero, the host that decremented the TTL value discards the probe packet and responds with an ICMP error message of “Time exceeded” back to the source that generated the ICMP probe packet.
Traceroute
continues sending ICMP probe packets and waiting for responses, increasing the TTL value by one each time until it reaches the destination host or the maximum number of hops. If the response to the probe packets comes from different gateways, the IP address details for the gateway/router/host are printed. If there is no response to a probe packet within the allocated time, an asterisk (*) is printed.
Traceroute
requires only one parameter: IP address or host name of the destination.
For example:
The output looks like this:
traceroute to godaddy.com (<IP_ADDRESS>), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 * * * 2 <IP_ADDRESS> (<IP_ADDRESS>) 0.883 ms 1.094 ms <IP_ADDRESS> (<IP_ADDRESS>) 0.7 59 ms 3 <IP_ADDRESS> (<IP_ADDRESS>) 0.837 ms <IP_ADDRESS> (<IP_ADDRESS>) 0.835 ms 10.2 40.10.4 (<IP_ADDRESS>) 1.043 ms 4 * * * 5 <IP_ADDRESS> (<IP_ADDRESS>) 1.323 ms <IP_ADDRESS> (<IP_ADDRESS>) 1.215 ms <IP_ADDRESS> (<IP_ADDRESS>) 1.379 ms 6 ip-184-168-0-117.ip.secureserver.net (<IP_ADDRESS>) 1.362 ms 1.539 ms 1.547 ms 7 ip-184-168-0-117.ip.secureserver.net (<IP_ADDRESS>) 1.276 ms 1.362 ms 0.689 ms
The first line shows the destination host, the IP address of the destination host, the maximum number of hops, and the size of the probe packets sent.
In this example, the host godaddy.com
was resolved to the IP address <IP_ADDRESS>.
The subsequent lines of the traceroute
output each represent a hop (or intermediate host) that the probe packets had to travel through to reach the destination host. Each line contains the information:
If the traceroute
output is an asterisk (*), traceroute
did not get a proper response to the probe packet within the allocated time.
This could happen for several reasons. The important thing is if the intermediate host was able to forward the probe packet to the next host. Inability to forward the packet could indicate a source of the connectivity issue.
MTR
provides the functionality of traceroute
with the added benefit of ping
. MTR
enables administrators to diagnose and isolate network connectivity problems.
Like traceroute
, MTR
starts by sending ICMP probe packets with incremental TTL values until the destination host is reached or the maximum number of hops is exhausted. After MTR
finds all hops to the destination host, MTR
sends ICMP echo packets to each intermediate host that it found to investigate the quality of network connectivity with the intermediate host.
MTR
is not installed on most systems by default.
You can install MTR
with the following command:
MTR
requires only one parameter: IP address or host name of the destination.
For example:
The output is formatted as a table:
Packets Pings Host Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev 1. ??? 2. <IP_ADDRESS> 0.0% 18 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.0 3. <IP_ADDRESS> 0.0% 18 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.0 4. ??? 5. <IP_ADDRESS> 0.0% 18 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.1 6. ip-184-168-0-117.ip.secureserver.net 0.0% 18 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.7 0.2 7. ip-184-168-0-117.ip.secureserver.net 0.0% 18 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.1 8. ??? 9. ip-208-109-4-218.ip.secureserver.net 0.0% 18 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.0
The table columns contain this information:
If the MTR
output is ???
, MTR
did not get a proper response to the probe packet within the allocated time.
The difference in output between MTR
and traceroute
is that MTR
information is constantly updated. MTR
shows you live data while traceroute
shows you a snapshot of the data found in one execution.
Ping
, traceroute
, and MTR
are useful tools when troubleshooting network connectivity problems.
Ping
shows if a remote host is reachable.
Traceroute
provides a one-time snapshot of the hops to get to a destination host. MTR
provides the functionality of both ping
and traceroute
.
Each has its purpose and usefulness, and all three should be a part of an administrator's toolbox when investigating network connectivity problems.


Select the checkbox to display additional information in the console output window, including the supplied credentials.


Class: Concurrent::Actress::Reference
- Inherits:
-
Object
- Object
- Concurrent::Actress::Reference
- Includes:
- CoreDelegations, TypeCheck
- Defined in:
- lib/concurrent/actress/reference.rb
Overview
Reference is public interface of Actor instances. It is used for sending messages and can be freely passed around the program. It also provides some basic information about the actor, see CoreDelegations.
Instance Method Summary (collapse)
- - (Object) ==(other)
- - (Object) actor_class (also: #actress_class) included from CoreDelegations
-
- (IVar) ask(message, ivar = IVar.new)
tells message to the actor.
-
- (Object) ask!(message, ivar = IVar.new)
tells message to the actor.
- - (Object) Child!(value, *types) included from TypeCheck
- - (Boolean) Child?(value, *types) included from TypeCheck
- - (Object) executor included from CoreDelegations
- - (Object) Match!(value, *types) included from TypeCheck
- - (Boolean) Match?(value, *types) included from TypeCheck
- - (Object) message(message, ivar = nil)
- - (Object) name included from CoreDelegations
- - (Object) parent included from CoreDelegations
- - (Object) path included from CoreDelegations
- - (Object) reference (also: #ref) included from CoreDelegations
-
- (Reference) tell(message)
(also: #<<)
tells message to the actor.
- - (Object) terminated included from CoreDelegations
- - (Boolean) terminated? included from CoreDelegations
- - (Object) to_s (also: #inspect)
- - (Object) Type!(value, *types) included from TypeCheck
- - (Boolean) Type?(value, *types) included from TypeCheck
Instance Method Details
- (Object) ==(other)
59 60 61 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/actress/reference.rb', line 59 def ==(other) Type? other, self.class and other.send(:core) == core end |
- (Object) actor_class Also known as: actress_class Originally defined in module CoreDelegations
- (IVar) ask(message, ivar = IVar.new)
tells message to the actor
32 33 34 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/actress/reference.rb', line 32 def ask(, ivar = IVar.new) , ivar end |
- (Object) ask!(message, ivar = IVar.new)
Note:
can lead to deadlocks, use only in tests or when you are sure it won't deadlock
tells message to the actor
42 43 44 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/actress/reference.rb', line 42 def ask!(, ivar = IVar.new) ask(, ivar).value! end |
- (Object) Child!(value, *types) Originally defined in module TypeCheck
- (Boolean) Child?(value, *types) Originally defined in module TypeCheck
- (Object) executor Originally defined in module CoreDelegations
- (Object) Match!(value, *types) Originally defined in module TypeCheck
- (Boolean) Match?(value, *types) Originally defined in module TypeCheck
- (Object) message(message, ivar = nil)
47 48 49 50 51 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/actress/reference.rb', line 47 def (, ivar = nil) # TODO if ivar nil create IVar placing the message in dead letter route core.on_envelope Envelope.new(, ivar, Actress.current || Thread.current, self) return ivar || self end |
- (Object) name Originally defined in module CoreDelegations
- (Object) parent Originally defined in module CoreDelegations
- (Object) path Originally defined in module CoreDelegations
- (Object) reference Also known as: ref Originally defined in module CoreDelegations
- (Reference) tell(message) Also known as: <<
tells message to the actor
22 23 24 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/actress/reference.rb', line 22 def tell() , nil end |
- (Object) terminated Originally defined in module CoreDelegations
- (Boolean) terminated? Originally defined in module CoreDelegations
- (Object) to_s Also known as: inspect
53 54 55 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/actress/reference.rb', line 53 def to_s "#<#{self.class} #{path} (#{actor_class})>" end |


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: Formtastic use of semantic_form_remote_for author: display_name: redconfetti login: redconfetti email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: '' author_login: redconfetti author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>wordpress_id: 187 wordpress_url: http://rails.redconfetti.com/?p=187 date: '2011-10-20 15:29:02 -0700' date_gmt: '2011-10-20 22:29:02 -0700' categories: - prerequisites tags: [] comments: [] ---
With the update to Formtastic version 2.0.0.rc1 the 'semantic_remote_form_for' method was removed and support was added to 'remote_form_for' used like this:
<%= semantic_form_for @contact, :remote => true, :url => '/contact' do |f| %>
This is to conform with the new Rails 3 update where form_remote_for is replaced with form_for with a remote hash value passed to it as an argument.


Sometimes it's easier to keep the list in order as you build it (or
perhaps to use a tree instead). Algorithms like insertion sort and merge
sort lend
themselves ideally to use with linked lists. If you want to use a standard
library function, you can allocate a temporary array of pointers, fill
it in with
pointers to all your list nodes, call qsort, and finally rebuild the
list pointers based on the sorted array.


403: Forbidden
You have reached this Page in error, please use your back button to return to the Forum.
forum.sources.ru


Turing Machine Simulator
Log In
You are signed in.
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Code
name: Print All the Ones description: Print ones on the tape start: q0 halt: qH // [current_state],[read_symbol], [new_state], [write_symbol], [>|<|-] q0, _, q0, 1, >
Load file...
Standard
{% for e in examples %}
{{ e.name }}
{% endfor %}
Custom
None yet :(
Save
Compile
Machine
State:
Step:
Load Tape
Slowest
Slower
Slow
Normal Speed
Fast
Faster
Fastest
Don't Render
Don't move
Move with head
Move if necessary
Stick to left
Stick to right
Tidy up


| all.equal.condition {unitizer} | R Documentation |
Tests that issue warnings or 'stop' produce condition
objects.
The functions documented here are specialized versions of
all.equal
designed specifically to compare conditions and
condition lists produced during unitizer
test evaluations.
conditionList
objects are lists of conditions that come about
when test expressions emit multiple conditions (e.g. more than one warning).
## S4 method for signature 'conditionList,ANY' all.equal(target, current, ...) ## S3 method for class 'equal.conditionList' all(target, current, ...) ## S3 method for class 'equal.condition' all(target, current, ...)
target |
the list of conditions that we are matching against |
current |
the list of conditions we are checking |
... |
provided for compatibility with generic |
condition
objects produced by tests have one additional
attributed “printed” which disambiguates whether a condition was the
result of the test expression, or the print
/ show
method used
to display it to screen.
For conditionList
objects, these methods only return TRUE if all
conditions are pairwise all.equal
.
TRUE if the (lists of) conditions are equivalent, a character vector explaining why they are not otherwise
cond.1 <- simpleWarning('hello world') cond.2 <- simpleError('hello world') cond.3 <- simpleError('goodbye world') all.equal(cond.1, cond.1) all.equal(cond.1, cond.2) all.equal(cond.2, cond.3) ## Normally you would never actually create a `conditionList` yourself; these ## are automatically generated by `unitizer` for review at the `unitizer` ## prompt all.equal( conditionList(.items=list(cond.1, cond.2)), conditionList(.items=list(cond.1, cond.3)) )


Your birthday is:
Each square is a week in 90 years long live. Crossed squares are already passed weeks.
Inspired by "Inside the mind of a master procrastinator | Tim Urban"
Alexander Serebryakov, 2019


[gecode-users] Custom propagator with custom advisors
David Rijsman
David.Rijsman at quintiq.com
Fri Feb 15 11:09:06 CET 2013
I forgot to mention that this is happening on version 3.7.3 on windows 32 bits and 64 bits,
David J. Rijsman
Algorithm Lead
Quintiq
T +31 (0)73 691 07 39
F +31 (0)73 691 07 54
M +31 (0)62 127 68 29
E david.rijsman at quintiq.com
I www.quintiq.com
>>>
From: "David Rijsman" <David.Rijsman at quintiq.com>
To: <users at gecode.org>
Date: 15-2-2013 11:07
Subject: [gecode-users] Custom propagator with custom advisors
Hi,
attached I have small example implementing a propagator on two views (does nothing) with its own advisors. I get an error at its end of its life and I can not figure out what I am doing wrong. Any pointers what I am missing?
The error happens in line 64: MCouncil.dispose(home);
thanks,
David J. Rijsman
Algorithm Lead
Quintiq
T +31 (0)73 691 07 39
F +31 (0)73 691 07 54
M +31 (0)62 127 68 29
E david.rijsman at quintiq.com
I www.quintiq.com
More information about the users
mailing list


A front-end timeline
Some noteworthy front end libraries that have been used in the past few years:
React manages the creation and updating of DOM nodes in your Web page.
React is unopinionated
JSX : Javascript Extension is a language invented to help write React Applications (looks like a mixture of JS and HTML)
Here is an overview of the difference between rendering out vanilla JS to create elements, and JSX:
fetch("https://example.com/api/people")
.then((response) => response.json())
.then((people) => {
const html = "
";
for (let person of data.people) {
html += `<li>${person.lastName}, ${person.firstName}</li>`;
}
html += "
";
document.querySelector("#people-list").innerHTML = html;
});
function PeopleList(props) {
return (

$
{props.people.map((person) => (

{person.lastName}, {person.firstName}

))}

);
}
const peopleListElement = document.querySelector("#people-list");
fetch("https://example.com/api/people")
.then((response) => response.json())
.then((people) => {
const props = { people };
ReactDOM.render(<PeopleList props={props} />, peopleListElement);
});
Using tools with React
React DevTools
: New tool in your browser to see ow React is working in the browsercreate-react-app
: Extensible command-line tool to help generate standard React applications.Webpack
: In between tool for dealing with the extra build step involved.HMR : (Hot Module Replacement) When you make changes to your source code the changes are delivered in real-time.
React Developers created something called Flux Architecture
to moderate how their web page consumes and modifies data received from back-end API’s.
Choosing React
There are many benefits to using React over just Vanilla JS.
Modularity
Easy to start
createElement
method in React.Declarative Programming
Reusability
One-flow of data
React apps are built as a combination of parent and child components.
Virtual DOM
: React provides a Virtual DOM that acts as an agent between the real DOM and the developer to help debug, maintain, and provide general use.
Exporting one item per file
export default
statement in ES6 to export an item.ES6
export default class Wallet {
// ...
}
// sayHello will not be exported
function sayHello() {
console.log("Hello!");
}
CommonJS (Equivalent)
class Wallet {
// ...
}
// sayHello will not be exported
function sayHello() {
console.log("Hello!");
}
module.exports = Wallet;
Exporting multiple items per file
export
keyword (without default) to export multiple items per file.ES6 (Better to export them individually like this, rather than bunching them all into an object)
export class Wallet {
// ...
}
export function sayHello() {
console.log("Hello!");
}
export const sayHi = () => {
console.log("Hi!");
};
class Wallet {
// ...
}
function sayHello() {
console.log("Hello!");
}
const sayHi = () => {
console.log("Hi!");
};
export { Wallet, sayHello, sayHi };
CommonJS (Equivalent)
class Wallet {
// ...
}
function sayHello() {
console.log("Hello!");
}
const sayHi = () => {
console.log("Hi!");
};
module.exports = {
Wallet,
sayHello,
sayHi,
};
Importing with ES6 vs CommonJS
ES6
CommonJS
Unnamed default imports
// exporting
export default class Wallet {
// ...
}
// importing
import Money from "wallet.js";
const wallet = new Money();
export
instead of export default
then your import is already named and cannot be renamed.// exporting
export class Wallet {
// ...
}
// importing
import { Wallet } from "wallet.js";
const wallet = new Wallet();
Aliasing imports
as
keyword to refer to it later.// export
export function sayHello() {
console.log("Hello!");
}
export const sayHi = () => {
console.log("Hi!");
};
//import
import * as Greetings from "greetings.js";
Greetings.sayHello(); // Hello!
Greetings.sayHi(); // Hi!
import { Wallet as W1 } from "./wallet1";
import { Wallet as W2 } from "./wallet2";
const w1 = new W1();
const w2 = new W2();
Browser support for ES6 Modules


Small Basic is open source! It's supported by volunteers on Github. Search for known Issues, create your own, or contribute!
You can also write to us on the Small Basic Blog.


Twilio Video Quick Start (Node.js Edition)
Enter Your Name Here:
Let's Do This!
Video Call This Person


public interface BuildCompatibleExtension
ServiceLoader
.
This means: they are classes that implement this interface, provide a META-INF/services
file,
and satisfy all other service provider constraints. Additionally, build compatible extensions must not be beans
and must not be referred to by application code.
Build compatible extensions may define arbitrary public
, non-static
, void
-returning methods
without type parameters, annotated with one of the extension annotations. Such methods are called extension methods.
Extension methods are executed in 5 phases, corresponding to 5 extension annotations:
Extension methods may declare arbitrary number of parameters. In each execution phase, different types of parameters may be declared, as documented in the corresponding extension annotation. All the parameters will be provided by the container when the extension method is invoked. If an extension method declares a parameter of a type unsupported in the execution phase, the container treats it as a deployment problem.
Extension methods may be assigned a priority using @Priority
.
Extension methods with smaller priority values are invoked first. Extension methods without specified priority
have a default priority of Priority.APPLICATION
+ 500.
If two extension methods have equal priority, the ordering between them is undefined. Note that priority
only affects order of extension methods in a single phase.
For each build compatible extension, the container creates a single instance. All extension methods are invoked on the same instance.
When extension methods are invoked, a CDI container does not have to be running, so calling CDI.current()
from an extension method, or attempting to access a running CDI container in any other way, results in
non-portable behavior.
Build compatible extensions may be annotated @SkipIfPortableExtensionPresent
when they are supposed to be ignored in presence of a given portable extension.
CDI implementations are not required to accept custom implementations of any jakarta.enterprise.lang.model
or jakarta.enterprise.inject.build.compatible.spi
interface. In other words, users may only use instances
of these interfaces that they previously obtained from the corresponding API. If not, non-portable behavior results.
In build compatible extensions, implementations of AnnotationTarget
only return annotations with the runtime retention policy.


Webpage Bulding
Hello World :) :P
This is red.
We want to be yellow!
Why you should go to JDKim city, ARay10 city, and riben city and not Anonymous city


A single context for all UI elements and layouts.
More...
|
| | UIView (int rows, int cols) |
| | Initializes a new instance of the T:MidnightBlue.Engine.UI.UIView class. Divides itself into the number of rows and columns evenly based on the size of the current viewport. More...
|
| |
| void | Update () |
| | Updates and handles input for all elements in the View. More...
|
| |
| void | Draw (SpriteBatch spriteBatch, SpriteBatch uiSpriteBatch) |
| | Draws the View and its elements to the window More...
|
| |
| void | Add (UIElement element, int atRow, int atCol, int rowSpan, int colSpan) |
| | Adds a new UIElement to the View More...
|
| |
| void | AddToLookup (UIElement element) |
| | Adds an element to the lookup table used by the view More...
|
| |
A single context for all UI elements and layouts.
§ UIView()
| MidnightBlue.Engine.UI.UIView.UIView |
( |
int |
rows, |
|
|
int |
cols |
|
) |
| |
|
inline |
Initializes a new instance of the T:MidnightBlue.Engine.UI.UIView class. Divides itself into the number of rows and columns evenly based on the size of the current viewport.
- Parameters
-
| rows | Number of rows in the view |
| cols | Number of columns in the view |
§ Add()
| void MidnightBlue.Engine.UI.UIView.Add |
( |
UIElement |
element, |
|
|
int |
atRow, |
|
|
int |
atCol, |
|
|
int |
rowSpan, |
|
|
int |
colSpan |
|
) |
| |
|
inline |
Adds a new UIElement to the View
- Parameters
-
| element | Element to add. |
| atRow | Row position in the View. |
| atCol | Column position in the View. |
| rowSpan | Number of rows the element takes up. |
| colSpan | Number of columns the element takes up. |
§ AddToLookup()
| void MidnightBlue.Engine.UI.UIView.AddToLookup |
( |
UIElement |
element | ) |
|
|
inline |
Adds an element to the lookup table used by the view
- Parameters
-
§ Draw()
| void MidnightBlue.Engine.UI.UIView.Draw |
( |
SpriteBatch |
spriteBatch, |
|
|
SpriteBatch |
uiSpriteBatch |
|
) |
| |
|
inline |
Draws the View and its elements to the window
- Parameters
-
| uiSpriteBatch | Sprite batch to draw to. |
§ Update()
| void MidnightBlue.Engine.UI.UIView.Update |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inline |
Updates and handles input for all elements in the View.
§ BackgroundTexture
| Texture2D MidnightBlue.Engine.UI.UIView.BackgroundTexture |
|
getset |
Gets or sets the background texture of the view.
The background texture.
§ Content
| UIElement [,] MidnightBlue.Engine.UI.UIView.Content |
|
get |
Gets the elements this View contains in a 2D array
All UIElements.
§ StretchBackground
| bool MidnightBlue.Engine.UI.UIView.StretchBackground |
|
getset |
Gets or sets a value indicating whether the background image shoudl stretch to fit the window.
true
if background should be stretched; otherwise, false
.
§ this[string key]
| UIElement MidnightBlue.Engine.UI.UIView.this[string key] |
|
get |
Gets the T:MidnightBlue.Engine.UI.UIElement with the specified key.
- Parameters
-
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- Shared/src/Engine/UI/UIView.cs


Home
Procedure
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Place A Room
ABOUT US
CONTACT US
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The content of this text will be changed by JS
In this case JavaScript changes the value of the src (source) attribute of an image.
JavaScript can change the style of an HTML element.
JavaScript can hide HTML elements.
The element with this write-up is hidden .
JavaScript can show hidden HTML elements.
JavaScript can change the background colour


1995-2020
It is a 9 Days student Web-project in Digital Ideation HSLU Luzern.
The screen shots are from the Webpage Wayback Archiv and the selection was curated by me, Karin Fischer. There are popular webpages from different sections that I could think of. I tried to find early adopters to the internet to show also the changes of the pages in timeline and more than one example in a rubrik to compare them with each other. Mainly the selection contains international and swiss webpages from art museum, newspaper and magazins, artists, tv channels, public transport and Technology companies.


1.3.0版本
本版本进行了以下更改：
重大变化：
模糊化
现在响应中的字符串可以模糊化以便发现漏洞。
反CSRF令牌可以被检测到，并在模糊化时自动重新生成。
该功能基于OWASP JBroFuzz项目的代码。
动态SSL证书
对SSL连接的支持得到了改进和简化。
用户现在可以创建自己的根证书并将其分发到他们的HTTP客户端。
守护进程模式和API
Starting ZAP with the "-daemon" command line option will cause it to run in the background in 'headless' mode,
meaning that no UI is displayed.
An initial API has been implemented in XML, JSON and HTML.
If ZAP is running as a daemon then the API is automatically enabled, otherwise the API must be enabled via the Options API screen.
The API can be navigated by opening http://zap/ in your browser when proxying via ZAP.
Beanshell集成
The BeanShell is an interactive Java shell that can be used to execute BeanShell scripts.
These scripts are a simplified form of Java that use many elements from Java syntax, but in a simpler scripting format.
All Java code is also valid BeanShell code.
BeanShell integration in OWASP ZAP enables you to write scripts using the ZAP functions and data set.
This can be a very powerful feature for analyzing web applications.
更国际化
All display string are now fully internationalised.
本地化
Out of the box support for the following languages:
| | 英文 |
| | 巴西 葡萄牙语 |
| | 中文 |
| | 法语 |
| | 德语 |
| | 希腊语 |
| | 印尼语 |
| | 日语 |
| | 波兰语 |
| | 西班牙语 |
小更改：
十六进制视图
The Request, Response tabs now provide
a 'Hex View' option which will display the request and response bodies in hex format.
搜索结果
The Search tab now displays all instances of a string found rather than just the first instance
in each request or response.
排除地址（URLs）
URLs can be explicitly excluded from the active scanner, spider and from the proxy.
提供复制功能
Most of the panels now provide a 'right click' 'Copy' menu option, including the Port Scan and Brute Force panels.
提供Undo/Redo功能
All of the input fields now support Undo/Redo actions using the operating systems default Undo/Redo accelerators:
- Windows/Linux: Ctrl+Z / Ctrl+Y
- Mac OS X: Cmd+Z / Cmd+Shift+Z
端口扫描器代理支持和超时选项
The Port Scanner can now use the outgoing proxy (if configured) and the timeout in milliseconds can also now be set.
请求和响应中断按钮
There are now 2 'Set Break' buttons to allow breaks to be set on all requests and all responses independently.
Expand Sites and Information tab buttons
There are now 2 buttons which allow you to switch between having the Sites and Information tabs expanded.
Break tab icon changes colour when breakpoint hit
While the Break tab is not in use its icon is a grey cross:
.
When a breakpoint is hit the tab icon is changed
to a red cross:
.
可调整的超时设置
The Option: Connection screen allows you to set the timeout in seconds to make it easier to test slow applications.
库的更新
Most of the libraries used by ZAP have been updated to the latest versions.
一个新的图标
Thanks to Simon Egli and all others for submitting cool icon suggestions.
已知问题：
Mac OS X：动态SSL和Google Chrome浏览器
Currently Dynamic SSL is not working when using Google Chrome. This is because of an unresolved known issue with Google Chrome and Mac OS X Keychain. When importing OWASP ZAP's Root CA into the keychain and requesting a SSL website, an "Invalid certificate" error message is shown.
请参阅


Some of the hysteresis flux tubes elements of the package
HysteresisAndMagnets are capable of simulating eddy currents
(dynamic hysteresis) additional to the static hysteresis behavior
of the core material. The computation of eddy currents can be
activated via the switch includeEddyCurrents
in the
"LossesAndHeat" tab of the corresponding elements parameter dialog.
The total magnetic field strength H
of the element is
the sum of the ferromagnetic portion Hstat
and the
eddy current portion Heddy:
The eddy current portion of the magnetic field strength is the
product of the classical eddy current factor
(σcl
) [BE01,Te98]
and the time derivative of the magnetic flux density B(t):
Where σ
is the electrical conductivity and
d
the thickness of the used electric steel sheets.
Fig. 1 shows the decomposition of an exemplary dynamic hysteresis
in its static and eddy current portion.
The following two figures show a comparison between measured and simulated dynamic hysteresis at several frequencies. The measurements were performed with a 25 cm Epstein frame according to DIN EN 60404-2. The magnetic core was made up of four layers of M330-50A steel sheet. The primary Winding of the used Epstein frame had 720 turns. The primary voltage was adjusted so that the magnetic excitation was about Hmax = 400 A/m, but 72 V in maximum. The simulation results (see Fig. 3) were generated with a simple model of this setup using the GenericHystTellinenTable hysteresis flux tube element for modeling the magnetic core.


An arrays is contigious container that holds the values, while the slice just holds pointers to the start and the end
of a region of the container that we’re concerned about. Learn more about slices and arrays in Go here.
This makes deleting a value from a slice a bit tricky.
There are two ways this can be achieved, depending on whether we want to keep the order of values in the array or not.
If we want to keep the order of the values, we can slice the array up to the element we want to remove, then append all elements after the that:
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arr := []string{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"}
// we want to remove the thrid element "c"
i := 2
arr = append(arr[:i], arr[i+1:]...)
fmt.Println(arr)
// [a b d e f]
Note that we used the expansion expression ...
and we’re adding the elements from the slice.
This gets the job done, but is not very efficient. However the order of the elements will be preserved.
If we don’t care about the order of elements, we can swap the element we want to remove with the last element of the slice, then make the slice to be one element shorter:
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arr := []string{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"}
// we want to remove the thrid element "c"
i := 2
arr[i] = arr[len(arr) - 1]
arr = arr[:len(arr) - 1]
fmt.Println(arr)
// [a b f d e]
// "c" is not in the slice, but the order is not preserved
This approach is much faster than the previous approach, but does not preserve the order of elements.
What is happening behind the scene: remember that in Go, arrays are the container holding the values, and the slice is just a structure that points to the start and the end of the part of the array we’re concerned about? In the second case what we did was the following:
We started with something like this:
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array: ["a"]["b"]["c"]["d"]["e"]["f"]
↑ ↑
| ┌-----------------------┘
slice (0, 5) start at 0 and end at 5
the slice starts at the 0th element and ends at the 5th element. The array is the background container holding the values.
After we swap out “c” with “f”, we then set the slice end at 4 and end up with something likie this:
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┌---- swap ----┐
↓ ↓
array: ["a"]["b"]["f"]["d"]["e"]["c"]
↑ ↑
| ┌------------------┘
slice (0, 4) start at 0 and end at 4
Now the slice ends at the 4th element. Note that the array still holds 6 values, however our slice only “sees” 5.