Windows Terminal 1.0 is coming - Update now and set up your split pane hotkeys! The Windows Terminal is free and in the Windows Store and you should go make sure you have the latest update. The v0.10 ...
The March 2020 release of Azure Data Studio is now available - SQL Server Blog The March release of Azure Data Studio is now available. Download Azure Data Studio and review the release notes to get started. Please note: After downloading Azure Data Studio, say Yes to enabling preview features so that you can use extensions. Azure D...
Virtual security conferences fill void left by canceled face-to-face events Notable members of the infosec community are creating impromptu but highly popular virtual events using cheap, off-the-shelf tools.
WhatsApp “Martinelli” hoax is back, warning about “Dance of the Pope” Two old WhatsApp hoaxes are back, with a grain-of-truth story in the middle to add a veneer of believability. Don’t spread this stuff!
Visual Studio for Mac 8.5 is now available Visual Studio for Mac 8.5 is available. It includes ASP.NET Core auth templates, Azure Functions 3.0 support, and better assistive technology support.
I'm looking for sponsors for my blog and Security Headers! Things have certainly been interesting over the last few weeks and it's fair to say that a lot things have changed in quite a short amount of time! With any negative event like the one we're currently experiencing though, I like to try and remain positive...
Unsure Calculator The Unsure Calculator is an online tool that lets you calculate with numbers you’re not sure about.
Principal PM Manager in Redmond, Washington, United States | Engineering at Microsoft Apply for Principal PM Manager job with Microsoft in Redmond, Washington, United States. Engineering at Microsoft
Zoom video conferences aren’t as private as you think If you’re using Zoom while working from home, you should be aware of the company’s questionable privacy practices, including its “attention tracking” tool.
Breathing and Exercise: Strength Training for Your Diaphragm – Penn Medicine Improve your workout performance with these breathing exercises to strengthen your diaphagram
Raytracing - in Excel!! All done in Excel, using only formulae with the only use of macros made for the inputting of key commands (e.g. wasd etc) and to run the animated camera. The video is sped up somewhat over what is achievable in the model (in particular, the final segment...
Deploying security.txt: how Cloudflare’s security team builds on Workers Today, we’re launching support for the security.txt initiative through Workers to help give security researchers a common location to learn about how to communicate with our team.
The Reason for Types in JavaScript - CoRecursive Podcast Adam talks to Jared Forsyth about his journey from untyped JavaScript, to using flow, and eventually ReasonML. Today’s podcast is sponsored by Springboard “I mean, I was, I’ll admit it, I was definitely in the: ‘I was scarred by Java and C plus plus in an...
YAGNI, Cargo Cult and Overengineering - the Planes Won’t Land Just Because You Built a Runway in Your Backyard This article explorers cargo cult software development practice where developers blindly choose tools just because other (often much largers companies) are using the same tools.
Emergency Website Kit In cases of emergency, many organizations need a quick way to publish critical information. But exisiting (CMS) websites are often unable to handle sudden spikes in traffic.
DirectX Developer Day Schedule | DirectX Developer Blog Tomorrow (3/19) is DirectX Developer Day! Join the Microsoft DirectX team, along with partners AMD and NVIDIA, for a series of talks and demos covering the future of gaming graphics: The New Features and Unprecedented Opportunities of DirectX 12 – Jianye...
“We don’t need TDD, our project isn’t worth it” – George Stocker In 2018 I converted our garage into a bedroom, laundry room, and entryway. I enlisted the help of tradespeople (a mason, plumber, and electrician) to handle the exterior, plumbing moves, and electrical needs (respectively), but I did the rest myself.
Dual boot authentication with ASP.Net Core This is a post about having two kinds of authentication working at the same time in ASP.Net Core. But choosing which authentication method ...
.NET Platforms Feature Comparison | Premier Developer App Dev Manager, Linkai Yu builds a namespace comparison for .NET Core 3.1, .NET Core Standard 2.1, and .NET Framework 4.8 to easily visualize some of the feature differences. I often get asked about the feature comparison among .NET Framework/.NET Core/...
Announcing DirectX Developer Day | DirectX Developer Blog GDC may have been postponed, but we aren’t going to let that prevent us from bringing the next generation of graphics innovation to the world. Join us this Thursday, March 19, for a virtual DirectX Developer Day on Mixer! The Microsoft DirectX team,
EF Core 5.0: Using ToQueryString() method to translate LINQ query to SQL EF Core 5.0 comes with ToQueryString() method that translates LINQ queries to provider-specific SQL queries. Here is how it works.
ongoing by Tim Bray · Facet: Push vs Pull If you want to process events, you can fetch them from the infrastructure or you can have the infrastructure hand them to you. Neither idea is crazy.
Cyber attack blamed for MyGov website crash as queues form outside Centrelink offices The MyGov website crashed as Australians tried to access government services like Centrelink online. Photos show queues outside some Centrelink offices stretching around the block this morning.
Coding With Ari, for Kids at Home Strange times, these. But equally, a time to focus on new things and indeed a time to pursue experiences we might not have done otherwise. As Ari now spends his days learning from home, I wanted to really start focusing more on his coding not just for his...
Cultivate the Skill of Undivided Attention, or “Deep Work” This is a guest post from Josh Thompson. Enjoy. Dear New Developer, You know that there’s a chasm between your skill level and that of the mythical “senior software developer”. If…


{% extends 'base.html'%} {% block styles%} {{ super() }} {% endblock %}{%block content%}
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Web Security #2
Slides at: github.com/bitskriegofficial/web-security-2
http://hack.bckdr.in:10003/
http://hack.bckdr.in:11010/
http://2018shell.picoctf.com:52135/
http://hack.bckdr.in:13005/
https://blurry.tjctf.org/
https://moar_horse_3.tjctf.org/
XSS Challenges
JavaScript Basics/Advanced things
Regular Expressions
DOM
Note
Keep practicing - wasting hours
Apart from CTFs, try to exploit in real world for fun and rewards
You need to know how a lock works before picking it


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| Version Control | Restaurant v Table | Class v ID | Arrays v Hashes | Thinking Styles | The Map Method | Diversity in Tech | The Dog Class |
| Feedback | Stereotype Threat | Object vs Functional Programing | JavaScript vs Ruby | Values | Computer Memory | Conflict | Blog 16 |
class Dog @@best = "My dog is the best in the world!" @@puppy = nil def initialize(breed, name, age) @breed = breed @name = name @age = age end def check_puppy if @age <= 2 @@puppy = "#{@name} is just a puppy!" p @@puppy end end def call p "#{@name}, come here doggy!" check_puppy end def introduce p "This is #{@name}, my #{@breed}. #{@@best}" check_puppy end def self.puppy @@puppy end end ripley = Dog.new("beagle", "Ripley") ripley.call ripley.introduce
The code above might appear to be a little silly. The truth is that it is, but since it's only an example that's fine :).
This is an example of a newly defined class in Ruby. A class is like a design for an object. It can be used to create a hundred different things (in this case, dogs). Each time a new object is made it will have different specific data (name, breed and age), but the underlying design remains the same.
So let's examine this Dog class. It starts out by setting up a few variables. The @@best and @@puppy variables are known as class variables. These are only available inside the class. The reason that each of these is only available inside the class is that there is no need for them anywhere else. The statement for @@best does not require any other input and wouldn't make sense anywhere else. The @@puppy variable only gets used in the check_puppy method, which in turn is only used in the class.
The other variables that you see set up are the @breed, @name, and @age variables. These are known as instance variables. An instance variable is something that changes with each new instance (or new object). In this case, every time I create a new dog, that dog will have its own unique name, breed and age.
The first method that we define in the class is the initialize method. Initialize is what the class does every time a new instance is created. In this case, all it does is create the instance variables we have already discussed. Then we have hceck_puppy. This method is very straightforward, it checks to see if the dog is less than 2 years old, and if that is true, the @@puppy variable gets set to define that dog as a puppy.
The next 2 methods, call and introduce, are known as instance methods. These methods can be called on an instance of the object. You can see them being called at the bottom of the code on the instance I created, ripley. They are simple methods and simply output a string. Introduce also calls the check_puppy method inside it.
Lastly you have the self.puppy method. This is a class method. It, like class variables, is only available inside the class. This is the method that calls the @@puppy variable. Since I am only using this method within the class, it does not need to be an instance method.


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Reasoning: We want to break up our index page with some images so it isn't just a wall of text. If we want to avoid using full-size logos (which have different sizes and aren't very neat when placed side by side, and some of them do not have high-res images easily available), we can use square logos. With the goal of square logos in mind, we originally wanted to use figures (images with captions) in this section, so that logos besides Terra and Galaxy's can immediately be understood by saying what they actually represent as a caption. But, Sphinx does not support putting figures (images with captions) side-by-side.
So instead, we cheat a little bit by rendering the final result in HTML, where we do not have to work with the limitations of Sphinx's rendering system/RST. The method we are using here -- invisible tables -- might be possible to do natively in our docs, but doing this in HTML is going to be a lot easier.
In GIMP, we can then set guides via Image>Guides>New Guide (by percent) at the following horizontal values:
Then, we can split along those guides using Image>Slice Using Guides
But there's still one problem: Sphinx does not actually support using :doc: links in images. But it does support "external" links via relative paths. For instance, I set the AnVIL logo to link to launch-with/anvil-launch-with.html and that works.
Sort of.
You will need to set linkcheck to ignore 'launch-with/anvil-launch-with.html' etc.


Photography and Art of the Month
As with much of what is presented on this page, none of this should be taken at face value. The interest in photography and art is more for trades and less substantial. Dissimilar to the art of culinary, much of this is not necessarily a field of pursuance. Whether this major, though not exactly intended to be either, is seen as a professional achievement or merely for entertainment purposes only is not officially known. Pictures posted here are, at the moment, intended for information into personal interests.


Taco Bell suggests switching up your Thanksgiving dinner table with this non-traditional dish
Tired of turkey or stuffing? Taco Bell is suggesting a non-traditional dish to change up the usual Thanksgiving dinner.
It involves tacos, of course. The restaurant posted a recipe for a taco soup concoction on its blog which consists of throwing some tacos in a blender and adding some spices.
First, though, it suggests that you start with chicken tacos. The extra ingredients include garlic, cilantro, onions and heavy whipping cream.


My experience with compassionate (or not so much) leadership
I have worked at a number of different companies with a number of different bosses in my life. One boss stands out as not being compassionate and one other boss stands out as being particularly compassionate.
The non-compassionate boss, though brilliant in his field, was a micro-manager and didn't trust all of his staff to do their jobs. I pushed back against the micro management and eventually gained his trust and so was given my freedom. However, other people in the organisation were not treated this way. From what I hear, most left.
In contrast my compassionate boss put his trust in me from day one and left me to my own devices. However, it was made very clear that help or advice related to work or otherwise was always available and would always be given. I took my boss up on this countless times.
The SCARF model
The SCARF (status, certainty, autonomy, relatedness and fairness) model is an interesting concept, which I have never come across before. I think I am fairly unconcerned with status in the traditional sense but can be quite hard on myself (i.e, my personal status). Certainty is something I have always sought and worked hard to achieve. Quitting my job, returning to NZ and enrolling at EDA has led me to one of the most uncertain periods of my life. However, I am comfortable with the uncertainty because I know that if EDA and web development doesn't work out, I can always return to my old career.
Autonomy is something I have always desired and often received. I don't react well when my autonomy is taken away, and this is something I will need to work on in the future, especially during bootcamp. Relatedness, which is described as a sense of safety with others is something that is important to me. During phase zero I have been interacting with my cohort mainly on slack, but have also met a few cohort members for coffees and pair programming. Everybody seems nice, interesting, intelligent and keen to share their knowledge. Finally, fairness is important to me too. It is something I am willing to fight for, especially if unfairness effects me personally.


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{% extends "challenge.html" %} {% load grandchallenge_tags %} {% block content %}
You're seeing this page as you're an admin and the use_evaluation flag is set to true.


On 13 October 2017, 11 new articles were published in 6 journals.
Incidence and Cumulative Incidence As Supplemental Measures of the Scale of Imprisonment
Punitive Restoration and Restorative Justice
Contractualism and the Death Penalty
Open Drug Scenes and Police Strategies in Oslo, Norway
Cybercrime Investigation in Finland
Preventing Child Sexual Abuse Through Education: the Work of Stop It Now! Wales
Officer Race, Role Orientations, and Cynicism Toward Citizens
The Enforcement of Anti-Human Trafficking Law in South Africa: A Case of An Aircraft Without A Pilot


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Two stabbed and receive 'serious injuries' in vicious attack
Officers seal off road after double knifing in Villa Road Lozells - and make three arrests
by Stephanie Balloo, https://www.facebook.com/MissBalloo/Police shut down city road after two men were stabbed in the early hours of Sunday morning.
Officers swooped to Villa Road, Lozells at 3.15am at the junction with Hamstead Road.
Two men suffered serious wounds in the incident, which has also seen three people arrested.
A spokesman for West Midlands Police said: “Three men have been arrested after two men were stabbed in Lozells this morning.
“Police were called to Hamstead Road just after 3.15am. One victim, aged 23, was left with a serious hand injury and taken to hospital. A second man suffered a serious back injury.
“Three men were arrested, and police remain at the scene this morning.”
At the scene there are yellow markers along with a forensics van as officers carry out their investigations.
Community activist Desmond Jaddoo has been down at Villa Road this morning and says forensics officers are there.
He said: “On my way through I went to the scene, the stretch between Heathfield Road and Hamstead Road is blocked, and Hunters Road too.
“I understand there’s been an incident early hours of the morning, police have turned up and blocked off the road.
“One shopkeeper this morning, he lives ten miles away, said he arrived to open his shop only to be told he can’t open because of the cordon.”
A police cordon can be seen at the junction of Hamstead Road this morning. Anyone with information has been asked to contact officers via Live Chat at west-midlands.police.uk or via 101, or via Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111. Quote log 429 of 24 November


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block app_content %}
This project serves a knowledge repository for formal music theory analyses of sonatas (and other classical pieces in dialogue with "Sonata Form").
It was created in 2018 by Hendrik Kits van Heyningen, heavily inspired and adapted from work in the field of "Sonata Theory" by Hepokoski, Darcy and Monahan.
Click above to browse the master list of all pieces analyzed.
Click above to browse pieces organized by composer.
{% endblock %}


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Hold University-sponsored Workshops Promoting the Importance of Free Speech
University-sponsored workshops can be very effective. They would be held on campus, which will make it easy for students to attend. The workshops provide another way for students to get involved outside of the classroom. Different guest speakers will come in and lead the workshops and they will be a fun, informative way to encourage students to express themselves. Attendance to the workshops will not be mandatory, so they will not be a hassle for students. It seems like something college students would be interested in so students will attend.
Why Would This Work?
The workshops will provide a fun and engaging way for students to learn about the importance of expressing themselves. Attendance will not be mandatory so students will not feel forced to go. The workshops will also provide new opportunities to meet new people and be exposed to different types of people due to the fact that they will be focused around free expression. The workshops will also appeal to the students that thoroughly enjoy getting involved on campus due to the fact that they are workshops being offered for the university’s students. Because UNLV is a public university, people who do not attend the university can still attend the workshops if they want to.
Why Would This Not Work?
There are a number of reasons why this solution will not work. First, it can be very difficult finding exciting guest speakers to run the workshops. Lots of research will have to be done about who would want to be involved and who is knowledgeable about the topic. Second, it may not be something students are interested in attending. Sure, it provides another way for students to get involved on campus, but who actually cares about the topic of the workshops? The workshops will not be effective unless students attend. If students do not attend, then it will have been a waste of time not only for the university but for the guest speakers as well. Third, the workshops will have to be scheduled around already decided activities on campus. The workshops will be a new addition and replacing campus activity with these workshops will not be a great idea. So scheduling days and times for the workshops that will work for students’ schedules will be difficult.


{% extends "translator/base.html" %}
{% block body %}
Statistics
This page contains some statistics of the App Composer. If you found other statistics interesting, just contact the AppComposer developers.
Missing: list of applications that have been translated in the App Composer but which have not been applied. In most of the apps this is an automatic process. However, in some apps, the developer must retrieve the translations from the App Composer and manually apply them in their laboratory.
Status: what applications have not yet been translated, what languages are performing better, etc.
Go-Lab Repository: what apps are provided through the App Composer or Smart Gateway


{% extends "loggedIn.html" %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block title %}Dashboard{% endblock %} {% block script %} var floors = { {% for player in players %} '{{ player.floor.pk }}': '{{ player.get_both_floor_boards_clickable|escapejs }}', {% endfor %} }; var trades = { {% for player in players %} {{ player.floor.pk }} : {received : "{% filter escapejs %}{% for trade in player.receivedTrades %}
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Received Trades
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Stock Suggestions
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Life is hard when you don't follow directions.
I've started working on a testbed for CLJS embedded in a QWebView, creatively named "Testbed". I actually made quite a bit of progress, but I've decided to scrap most of it.
The first step of the process was relatively easy. I just grabbed the most of the Lister table widget and slapped it in a generic QMainWindow, and copied the build script and spec file. Formatting the dummy data and stubbing out config values were probably the hardest part.
Getting the ClojureScript build setup correctly on the other hand was much harder than I expected. A lot has changed over the past months of ClojureScript development. Creating a minimal ClojureScript build is actually much simpler than when I last played with it. Several dumb mistakes, and the weird container I'm shoe-horning it into, really tripped me up though.
I've always used Leiningen for Clojure, and when I first tried ClojureScript lein-cljsbuild was the only practical choice. ClojureScript recently had its version synced with Clojure though, and grew the ability to eval and compile its own code. With all the recent changes I figured I should start fresh with the new Quick Start Guide. If (unlike me) you manage to follow the directions everything works as advertised BTW.
So Clojure is hosted on the JVM, and it has inherited some traits from its host, and ClojureScript kept many of them. Due to mandates Java file structure Clojure expects the shape of your file-system to match your namespace hierarchy. I forgot this at first though and just threw my CLJS file in with all my Python code. Using the Quick Start build instructions raised no errors, and produced an output Javascript file. All the output was just boiler plate though, and no executable code was produced. It wasn't until I tried advanced compilation that I got an error message.
Even after making sub-folders and renaming my file the build still didn't work. The other peculiarity of the file to namespace parity is that Clojure prefers hyphens in code, while requiring under scores in the file-system. Which I knew, and which was clearly stated in the Quick Start.
The next problem I ran into was getting the generated file and all the library
output to load correctly. I played around with my working directory and the
build function's :output-dir
and :asset-path
settings, but nothing worked.
I'm pretty sure it had to do with how the embedded WebKit browser was resolving
resource paths. Judging from a
StackOverflow search
it seems like it is a common problem with QWebKit (Note QWebKit is being
replaced in Qt5).
Edit: looks like I needed to
provide a second argument to setHtml
of baseUrl=QUrl("File://")
so local
resources resolve. Regardless, advanced compilation to the rescue again - when
the only output is the file you're already including manually it is pretty easy
to get right.
And with that it all worked, even when complied to an Windows exe. After overcoming all that trouble though it just took one small thing to send me running back to Lein. At the very bottom of the Quick Start is a short section on Dependencies, and after a short preamble about CLJSJS (which is awesome) and how to require another namespace in your code, they reveal the default stand-alone solution for ClojureScript dependency management: String concatenation onto the build command...
Seriously? Lein, Clojars, Maven, the deps management story in Clojure was one of
my favorite features. I totally expected this magic stand-alone CLJS.jar
to
just have that stuff baked in. Just one more vector in the build map. Not to
diminish the current state of the magic jar - Getting started with ClojureScript
is so much easier and better now. But, unless you have very limited goals, Lein
(or Boot) should be your first stop after hello world.
So that is my plan for tomorrow. Setup a Lein project using some template (Figwheel?), and then integrate my Python code into a Lein project instead. I bet I can make a pretty cool PyInstaller task for Lein too.


facet_sample()
now has a default of 3 per plotnear_quantile()
, the tol
argument now defaults to 0.01.feasts
from dependencies as the functions required in brolgar
are actually in fabletools
.nearest_lgl
and nearest_qt_lgl
wages_ts
data.sample_n_obs()
to sample_n_keys()
and sample_frac_keys()
add_k_groups()
to stratify_keys()
l_<summary>
functions in favour of the features
approach.l_summarise_fivenum
to l_summarise
, and have an option to pass a list of functions.l_n_obs()
to n_key_obs()
l_slope()
to key_slope()
monotonic
summaries and feat_monotonic
l_summarise()
to keys_near()
monotonic
function, which returns TRUE if increasing or decreasing, and false otherwise.as_tsibble()
and n_keys()
from `tsibbleworld_heights
gains a continent columnfacet_strata()
to create a random group of size n_strata
to put the data into (#32). Add support for along
, and fun
.facet_sample()
to create facetted plots with a set number of keys inside each facet. (#32).add_
functions now return a tsibble()
(#49).stratify_keys()
didn’t assign an equal number of keys per strata (#55)wages_ts
dataset to now just be wages
data, and remove previous tibble()
version of wages
(#39).top_n
argument to keys_near
to provide control over the number of observations near a stat that are returned.world_heights
to heights
.n_key_obs()
in favour of using n_obs()
(#62)filter_n_obs()
in favour of cleaner workflow with add_n_obs()
(#63)world_heights
dataset, which contains average male height in centimetres for many countries. #28near_
family of functions to find values near to a quantile or percentile. So far there are near_quantile()
, near_middle()
, and near_between()
(#11).
near_quantile()
Specify some quantile and then find those values around it (within some specified tolerance).near_middle()
Specify some middle percentile value and find values within given percentiles.near_between()
Extract percentile values from a given percentile to another percentile.add_k_groups()
(#20) to randomly split the data into groups to explore the data.sample_n_obs()
and sample_frac_obs()
(#19) to select a random group of ids.filter_n_obs()
to filter the data by the number of observations #15var
, in l_n_obs()
, since it only needs information on the id
. Also gets a nice 5x speedup with simpler codelongnostic
instead of lognostic
(#9)l_slope
now returns l_intercept
and l_slope
instead of intercept
and slope
.l_slope
now takes bare variable namesl_d1
to l_diff
and added a lag argument. This makes l_diff
more flexible and the function more clearly describes its purpose.l_length
to l_n_obs
to more clearly indicate that this counts the number of observations.longnostic
function to create longnostic functions to package up reproduced code inside the l_
functions.NEWS.md
file to track changes to the package.


?INSTITUTE
OF
JAMAICA
FLORA
OF
JAMAICA
Parish
:
MAN
CHEST
ER
Name:
Bumelia
rotundifolia
Sw.
Locality:
Vicinity
of
WALDERST0NĄ
Altitude:
2400-2700
ft.
Date:
January
9,
1963
Habitat:
Wooded
limestone
hillside*
(Small
tree
7
m.
tall#
d.b.h.
1.5
dm.;
Notes:
jflowers
white,
fragrant*
Collector:
George
ŁĄ
Prootor
No.
23115
01443752
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


From (click here to set a new Date):{{ pickerFromDate | date:'fullDate'}}
To (click here to set a new Date):{{ pickerToDate | date:'fullDate'}}


What goes on your resume? Your name, contact info, education, your last few jobs and some skills. If you are skilled with words, you can get in
a few highlights for each position, but generally not everything that you want and what about those things that don’t really fit into a category
on a resume, but are important accomplishments or achievements? I know when I am looking for a job, I know that as good as my resume is, its still
just a white piece of paper just like everyone else’s. Now, what if I told you there is a way of putting more on a resume without using smaller font
or a larger sheet of paper. The secret to conveying everything you need to an employer is a personal website.
Having your very own page on the web can be a huge hiring advantage for anyone and with so many places to create one, such as wix.com, there really
isn’t an excuse to not have one.
I know what your thinking, “I already have a Facebook, Tumbler and Twitter account. Why do I need another place on the internet to post my accomplishments?”.
While having your business information on social media is one way of communicating information to potential employers, I would argue that it’s a poor way of going about
it. This year, the number of active Facebook users has risen to nearly 2.5 Billion. Earth is currently home to 7.5 Billion people, so if your goal was to stand out, you
failed. Additionally, maybe they found someone with the same name by accident and that person is not quite the outstanding citizen that you are. Having your own website
will help you get noticed, but that’s not the only reason its useful.
One of the most important aspects of developing your own internet location is the freedom it gives you to control how others see you. This is your opportunity to get
creative and express yourself while still conveying relevant information in a professional manner.
Your ‘brand’ is important, but it must be established over time. The best way to do this is to include examples of your work on the website but being selective is key.
Put your truly great work up for display, but make sure that any shoddy work is left offline. Remember, you control your image, so its important that you find those pro
jects that truly define you at your best. If you are in a computer science related field, you could go a step further and design your website from the ground up. It is
more work, but ultimately worth it when you are trying to show off your skills.
Yes, that is the same Suzanne Collins that wrote the Hunger Games and frankly, I am astonished. As a professional, I would be embarrassed if this is what people
saw when they googled me. I’m also having a hard time figuring out why the art school at Yale has a website that looks like a kaleidoscope of the hallway and why
neither of these debacles have been rectified. The point is, if this is what your CSS is like, just use a service until you get a little more practice. Alternatively
you could use a content management system.


2 female GPs
1 male GP
1 female nursing prescriber
1 female practice nurse
2 female healthcare assistants


Not Connected
LED speed
This application demonstrates the functionality of the DA1458x Development Kit. It is a simple application which demonstrates basic initialization of DA1458x and LED blinking. A user can control the LED on the Development Kit (DK) via this app.
A BLE connection connection is set up between the DK and the smartphone. The user interface on the smartphone consists of multiple buttons to turn the LED on or off and a slider to control the blinking speed of the LED. A button is added to the DK as an extra component. Pressing the button has effect on the mobile device to demonstrate the connection is bidirectional.
Bluetooth scan time: 25 seconds


Hi, I'm Murori!
I'm currently a junior studying Computer Science
I'm a big fan of philosophy
Click the button below to find a couple of phrases that I love
Hi, I'm Murori!
I'm currently a junior studying Computer Science
I'm a big fan of philosophy
Click the button below to find a couple of phrases that I love


Hammerhead code
Documentation of the the source code of an AUV of Team Tiburon, NIT Rourkela
Main Page
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| 1 | package fr.sii.ogham.email.sendgrid.v2.builder.sendgrid; | |
| 2 | ||
| 3 | import java.net.URL; | |
| 4 | ||
| 5 | import org.slf4j.Logger; | |
| 6 | import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; | |
| 7 | ||
| 8 | import com.sendgrid.SendGrid; | |
| 9 | ||
| 10 | import fr.sii.ogham.core.builder.MessagingBuilder; | |
| 11 | import fr.sii.ogham.core.builder.configuration.ConfigurationValueBuilder; | |
| 12 | import fr.sii.ogham.core.builder.configuration.ConfigurationValueBuilderHelper; | |
| 13 | import fr.sii.ogham.core.env.PropertyResolver; | |
| 14 | import fr.sii.ogham.core.message.content.MayHaveStringContent; | |
| 15 | import fr.sii.ogham.core.message.content.MultiContent; | |
| 16 | import fr.sii.ogham.core.mimetype.MimeTypeProvider; | |
| 17 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.builder.EmailBuilder; | |
| 18 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.message.Email; | |
| 19 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.sendgrid.builder.AbstractSendGridBuilder; | |
| 20 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.sendgrid.v2.sender.impl.SendGridV2Sender; | |
| 21 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.sendgrid.v2.sender.impl.sendgrid.client.DelegateSendGridClient; | |
| 22 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.sendgrid.v2.sender.impl.sendgrid.client.SendGridClient; | |
| 23 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.sendgrid.v2.sender.impl.sendgrid.client.SendGridInterceptor; | |
| 24 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.sendgrid.v2.sender.impl.sendgrid.handler.MultiContentHandler; | |
| 25 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.sendgrid.v2.sender.impl.sendgrid.handler.PriorizedContentHandler; | |
| 26 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.sendgrid.v2.sender.impl.sendgrid.handler.StringContentHandler; | |
| 27 | ||
| 28 | /** | |
| 29 | * Configures how SendGrid implementation will send {@link Email}s. | |
| 30 | * | |
| 31 | * This implementation uses SendGrid HTTP API. | |
| 32 | * | |
| 33 | *
 | |
| 34 | * To send {@link Email} using SendGrid, you need to register this builder into | |
| 35 | * a {@link MessagingBuilder} like this: | |
| 36 | * | |
| 37 | *
 | |
| 38 | *  | |
| 39 | * MessagingBuilder msgBuilder = ... | |
| 40 | * msgBuilder.email() | |
| 41 | * .sender(SendGridV2Builder.class) // registers the builder and accesses to that builder for configuring it | |
| 42 | *  | |
| 43 | *
 | |
| 44 | * | |
| 45 | * Once the builder is registered, sending email through SendGrid requires | |
| 46 | * either an API key or a username/password pair. You can define it using: | |
| 47 | * | |
| 48 | *
 | |
| 49 | *  | |
| 50 | * msgBuilder.email() | |
| 51 | * .sender(SendGridV2Builder.class) // registers the builder and accesses to that builder for configuring it | |
| 52 | * .apiKey("foo") | |
| 53 | *  | |
| 54 | *
 | |
| 55 | * | |
| 56 | * Or you can also use property keys (using interpolation): | |
| 57 | * | |
| 58 | *
 | |
| 59 | *  | |
| 60 | * msgBuilder | |
| 61 | * .environment() | |
| 62 | * .properties() | |
| 63 | * .set("custom.property.for.api-key", "foo") | |
| 64 | * .and() | |
| 65 | * .and() | |
| 66 | * .email() | |
| 67 | * .sender(SendGridV2Builder.class) // registers the builder and accesses to that builder for configuring it | |
| 68 | * .apiKey("${custom.property.for.api-key}") | |
| 69 | *  | |
| 70 | *
 | |
| 71 | * | |
| 72 | *
 | |
| 73 | * Finally, Ogham will transform general {@link Email} object into | |
| 74 | * {@link SendGrid}.Email object. This transformation will fit almost all use | |
| 75 | * cases but you may need to customize a part of the SendGrid message. Instead | |
| 76 | * of doing again the same work Ogham does, this builder allows you to intercept | |
| 77 | * the message to modify it just before sending it: | |
| 78 | * | |
| 79 | *
 | |
| 80 | *  | |
| 81 | * .sender(SendGridV2Builder.class) | |
| 82 | * .intercept(new MyCustomInterceptor()) | |
| 83 | *  | |
| 84 | *
 | |
| 85 | * | |
| 86 | * See {@link SendGridInterceptor} for more information. | |
| 87 | * | |
| 88 | * @author Aurélien Baudet | |
| 89 | * | |
| 90 | */ | |
| 91 |
3
1. build : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 2. password : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 3. username : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE |
public class SendGridV2Builder extends AbstractSendGridBuilder<SendGridV2Builder, EmailBuilder> { |
| 92 | private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SendGridV2Builder.class); | |
| 93 | ||
| 94 | private final ConfigurationValueBuilderHelper<SendGridV2Builder, String> usernameValueBuilder; | |
| 95 | private final ConfigurationValueBuilderHelper<SendGridV2Builder, String> passwordValueBuilder; | |
| 96 | private SendGridClient client; | |
| 97 | private SendGridInterceptor interceptor; | |
| 98 | ||
| 99 | /** | |
| 100 | * Default constructor when using SendGrid sender without all Ogham work. | |
| 101 | * | |
| 102 | * WARNING: use is only if you know what you are doing ! | |
| 103 | */ | |
| 104 | public SendGridV2Builder() { | |
| 105 | this(null); | |
| 106 | } | |
| 107 | ||
| 108 | /** | |
| 109 | * Constructor that is called when using Ogham builder: | |
| 110 | * | |
| 111 | *
 | |
| 112 | * MessagingBuilder msgBuilder = ... | |
| 113 | * msgBuilder | |
| 114 | * .email() | |
| 115 | * .sender(SendGridV2Builder.class) | |
| 116 | *ConfigurationValueRegistry
 | |
| 117 | * | |
| 118 | * @param parent | |
| 119 | * the parent builder instance for fluent chaining | |
| 120 | */ | |
| 121 | public SendGridV2Builder(EmailBuilder parent) { | |
| 122 | super(SendGridV2Builder.class, parent); | |
| 123 | usernameValueBuilder = new ConfigurationValueBuilderHelper<>(this, String.class); | |
| 124 | passwordValueBuilder = new ConfigurationValueBuilderHelper<>(this, String.class); | |
| 125 | } | |
| 126 | ||
| 127 | ||
| 128 | @Override | |
| 129 | public SendGridV2Builder username(String username) { | |
| 130 |
3
1. username : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 2. username : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED 3. username : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED |
usernameValueBuilder.setValue(username); |
| 131 | return this; | |
| 132 | } | |
| 133 | ||
| 134 | @Override | |
| 135 | public ConfigurationValueBuilder<SendGridV2Builder, String> username() { | |
| 136 |
3
1. username : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 2. username : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED 3. username : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED |
return usernameValueBuilder; |
| 137 | } | |
| 138 | ||
| 139 | @Override | |
| 140 | public SendGridV2Builder password(String password) { | |
| 141 |
3
1. password : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → SURVIVED 2. password : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 3. password : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED |
passwordValueBuilder.setValue(password); |
| 142 | return this; | |
| 143 | } | |
| 144 | ||
| 145 | @Override | |
| 146 | public ConfigurationValueBuilder<SendGridV2Builder, String> password() { | |
| 147 |
3
1. password : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 2. password : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED 3. password : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED |
return passwordValueBuilder; |
| 148 | } | |
| 149 | | |
| 150 | /** | |
| 151 | * By default, calling SendGrid HTTP API is done through the default | |
| 152 | * {@link SendGrid} implementation. If you want to use another client | |
| 153 | * implementation (creating your custom HTTP API caller for example), you | |
| 154 | * can implement the {@link SendGridClient} interface and provide it: | |
| 155 | * | |
| 156 | *
 | |
| 157 | * .client(new MyCustomHttpApiCaller()) | |
| 158 | *
 | |
| 159 | * | |
| 160 | * NOTE: if you provide your custom implementation, any defined properties | |
| 161 | * and values using {@link #apiKey(String)}, {@link #username(String)} | |
| 162 | * or {@link #password(String)} won't be used at all. You then have to | |
| 163 | * handle it by yourself. | |
| 164 | * | |
| 165 | * @param client | |
| 166 | * the custom client used to call SendGrid HTTP API | |
| 167 | * @return this instance for fluent chaining | |
| 168 | */ | |
| 169 | public SendGridV2Builder client(SendGridClient client) { | |
| 170 |
3
1. client : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 2. client : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED 3. client : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED |
this.client = client; |
| 171 | return this; | |
| 172 | } | |
| 173 | ||
| 174 | ||
| 175 | /** | |
| 176 | * Ogham will transform general {@link Email} object into | |
| 177 | * {@link SendGrid}.Email objects. This transformation will fit almost all | |
| 178 | * use cases but you may need to customize a part of the SendGrid message. | |
| 179 | * Instead of doing again the same work Ogham does, this builder allows you | |
| 180 | * to intercept the message to modify it just before sending it: | |
| 181 | * | |
| 182 | *
 | |
| 183 | * .sender(SendGridV2Builder.class) | |
| 184 | * .intercept(new MyCustomInterceptor()) | |
| 185 | *
 | |
| 186 | * | |
| 187 | * See {@link SendGridInterceptor} for more information. | |
| 188 | * | |
| 189 | * @param interceptor | |
| 190 | * the custom interceptor used to modify {@link SendGrid}.Email | |
| 191 | * @return this instance for fluent chaining | |
| 192 | */ | |
| 193 | public SendGridV2Builder intercept(SendGridInterceptor interceptor) { | |
| 194 |
1
1. intercept : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE |
this.interceptor = interceptor; |
| 195 | return this; | |
| 196 | } | |
| 197 | ||
| 198 | @Override | |
| 199 | public SendGridV2Sender build() { | |
| 200 |
3
1. build : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 2. build : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED 3. build : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED |
PropertyResolver propertyResolver = environmentBuilder.build(); |
| 201 | String apiKey = apiKeyValueBuilder.getValue(propertyResolver); | |
| 202 | String username = usernameValueBuilder.getValue(propertyResolver); | |
| 203 | String password = passwordValueBuilder.getValue(propertyResolver); | |
| 204 | URL url = urlValueBuilder.getValue(propertyResolver); | |
| 205 | SendGridClient builtClient = buildClient(apiKey, username, password, url); | |
| 206 | if (builtClient == null) { | |
| 207 | return null; | |
| 208 | } | |
| 209 | LOG.info("Sending email using SendGrid API is registered"); | |
| 210 | LOG.debug("SendGrid account: apiKey={}, username={}", apiKey, username); | |
| 211 | return new SendGridV2Sender(builtClient, buildContentHandler(), interceptor); | |
| 212 | } | |
| 213 | ||
| 214 | private SendGridClient buildClient(String apiKey, String username, String password, URL url) { | |
| 215 |
3
1. buildClient : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 2. buildClient : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED 3. buildClient : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED |
if (client != null) { |
| 216 | return client; | |
| 217 | } | |
| 218 | if (apiKey != null || (username != null && password != null)) { | |
| 219 | return new DelegateSendGridClient(buildSendGrid(apiKey, username, password, url)); | |
| 220 | } | |
| 221 | return null; | |
| 222 | } | |
| 223 | ||
| 224 | private SendGrid buildSendGrid(String apiKey, String username, String password, URL url) { | |
| 225 |
3
1. buildSendGrid : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 2. buildSendGrid : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED 3. buildSendGrid : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED |
SendGrid sendGrid = newSendGrid(apiKey, username, password); |
| 226 | if (url != null) { | |
| 227 | sendGrid.setUrl(url.toString()); | |
| 228 | } | |
| 229 | if(httpClient != null) { | |
| 230 | sendGrid.setClient(httpClient); | |
| 231 | } | |
| 232 | return sendGrid; | |
| 233 | } | |
| 234 | ||
| 235 | private static SendGrid newSendGrid(String apiKey, String username, String password) { | |
| 236 |
3
1. newSendGrid : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 2. newSendGrid : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED 3. newSendGrid : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED |
if (apiKey != null) { |
| 237 | return new SendGrid(apiKey); | |
| 238 | } | |
| 239 | return new SendGrid(username, password); | |
| 240 | } | |
| 241 | ||
| 242 | private PriorizedContentHandler buildContentHandler() { | |
| 243 |
3
1. buildContentHandler : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 2. buildContentHandler : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED 3. buildContentHandler : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED |
MimeTypeProvider mimetypeProvider = mimetypeBuilder.build(); |
| 244 | PriorizedContentHandler contentHandler = new PriorizedContentHandler(); | |
| 245 | contentHandler.register(MultiContent.class, new MultiContentHandler(contentHandler)); | |
| 246 | contentHandler.register(MayHaveStringContent.class, new StringContentHandler(mimetypeProvider)); | |
| 247 | return contentHandler; | |
| 248 | } | |
| 249 | } | |
Mutations | ||
| 91 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |
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| 130 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |
|
| 136 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |
|
| 141 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |
|
| 147 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |
|
| 170 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |
|
| 194 |
1.1 |
|
| 200 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |
|
| 215 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |
|
| 225 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |
|
| 236 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |
|
| 243 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |


Statistics Short Course¶
Where are we going?¶
Within data science (and perhaps at its core) is the field of Machine learning, which seeks to accomplish two objectives:
- Supervised learning - learn a mapping from inputs \(x\) to outputs \(y\)
- Unsupervised learning - given only \(x\), learn interesting patterns in \(x\)
These tasks are a form of artificial intelligence that endow a computer with the capability to represent a general class of patterns.
Then through that representation they have the ability to predict outputs and identify patterns. Note that this is different than explicitly hardcoding some data relationship into a computer as though the specific relationship was already known beforehand.
In order to identify which specific patterns (out of a general class of patterns) are present in the data, machine learning makes extensive use of linear algebra—the branch of mathematics that works directly with matrices—in conjunction numerical optimization procedures.
This process of identifying a specific instance (out of a general class of patterns) that looks as similar to the data as possible is called “model fitting”. Once a machine has such a model representation of the data, then it has learned the pattern in the data and can use it as a part of other programatic instructions designed to accomplish some objective.
Note
Advanced linear algebra and computation topics are not a part of this short course, but by the end course you will be able to fit and utilize a prediction model using Python!
Machine Learning versus Statistics¶
What is the difference between statistics and machine learning?
Statistics and Machine Learning represent distinct quantitative analysis traditions that developed towards distinctive objectives that suited their idiosyncratic access to (primarily computationally) different problem solving methodologies and philosophies; however, both disciplines are rooted in the common enterprise of “data analysis” and so have found common ground on which to reconcile and merge methodologies, leading to the current situation in which the line between the two has become increasingly blurred. Nonetheless, some general statements related to the traditional domains and expertise claimed by each discipline can be made:
Statistics
- utilizes confidence intervals, hypothesis tests, and optimal estimators
- places paramount importance on characterizing uncertainty in estimation
- bases methodological development on distribution and asymptotic theory
Machine Learning
- utilizes nonparametric and complex models harnessed via regularization
- places paramount importance on “out of sample” generalizability/performance
- bases methodological development on empirical and computational techniques
Objectives¶
The purpose of this short course is to (a) equip you with actual quantitative tools that you can apply to more effectively tackle problems you’re interested in using data, and (b) to provide you with a appropriate foundation on which you can effectively build a synergistic data science skill set that leverages
- Descriptive statistics - mean, median, skewness...
- Inferential statistics - hypothesis testing, interval estimation...
- Predictive analytics - supervised learning: regression, classification...
- Prescriptive analytics - unsupervised learning, recommender systems...
Course Contents¶
The materials we cover dig into the basics, introducing the areas of probability and statistics that are assessed in the statistics and machine learning interview step of the Galvanize Data Science Immersive admission process. In addition to the content here, we provide a listing of resources for further study that review and reinforce these topics. Mastery of all this material is crucial for forming a strong foundation for statistics, machine learning, data science, or any other analytical and data-oriented discipline. And if you are interested in pursuing data science through the Galvanize Data Science Immersive, mastery of all this material will help make your Galvanize admission process – rather than a daunting scary prospect – a breeze.
Day 1¶
We’ll begin the first day by introducing the modern open source data science ecosystem and tools to create your own cutting edge data science workspace. We’ll then survey the fundamental concepts in probability and “counting”. And finally we’ll conclude the day with an exploration into the (discrete and continuous) distributions most commonly encountered in statistics.
Day 2¶
We’ll kick off the second day a comparison of the frequentist and Bayesian paradigms (or philosophies) on which today’s modern statistical analyses are based. Then we’ll dive a bit deeper into probability distribution theory, followed by some hypothesis testing and inference examples. Then we’ll introduce regression, classification, and some evaluation metrics for these methodologies. After that, if you want to stay around to hear a little bit more about the Data Science Immersive, you’re welcome to – but you don’t have to.


memory usage for strats and models for profiled plans
memory usage for strats and models for static plans
bert profiled greedy by breadth
bert profiled greedy by longest and size with first gap
bert profiled greedy by longest and size with smallest gap
bert profiled greedy by size with first gap
bert profiled greedy by size with smallest gap
bert profiled mip
bert profiled naive
bert static greedy by breadth
bert static greedy by longest and size with first gap
bert static greedy by longest and size with smallest gap
bert static greedy by size with first gap
bert static greedy by size with smallest gap
bert static linear scan
bert static mip
bert static naive
colorscale
dcgan profiled greedy by breadth
dcgan profiled greedy by longest and size with first gap
dcgan profiled greedy by longest and size with smallest gap
dcgan profiled greedy by size with first gap
dcgan profiled greedy by size with smallest gap
dcgan profiled mip
dcgan profiled naive
dcgan static greedy by breadth
dcgan static greedy by longest and size with first gap
dcgan static greedy by longest and size with smallest gap
dcgan static greedy by size with first gap
dcgan static greedy by size with smallest gap
dcgan static linear scan
dcgan static mip
dcgan static naive
rel mem usage
resnet101 profiled greedy by breadth
resnet101 profiled greedy by longest and size with first gap
resnet101 profiled greedy by longest and size with smallest gap
resnet101 profiled greedy by size with first gap
resnet101 profiled greedy by size with smallest gap
resnet101 profiled mip
resnet101 profiled naive
resnet101 static greedy by breadth
resnet101 static greedy by longest and size with first gap
resnet101 static greedy by longest and size with smallest gap
resnet101 static greedy by size with first gap
resnet101 static greedy by size with smallest gap
resnet101 static linear scan
resnet101 static mip
resnet101 static naive
resnet152 profiled greedy by breadth
resnet152 profiled greedy by longest and size with first gap
resnet152 profiled greedy by longest and size with smallest gap
resnet152 profiled greedy by size with first gap
resnet152 profiled greedy by size with smallest gap
resnet152 profiled mip
resnet152 profiled naive
resnet152 static greedy by breadth
resnet152 static greedy by longest and size with first gap
resnet152 static greedy by longest and size with smallest gap
resnet152 static greedy by size with first gap
resnet152 static greedy by size with smallest gap
resnet152 static linear scan
resnet152 static mip
resnet152 static naive
resnet18 cvxpy mip
resnet18 profiled greedy by breadth
resnet18 profiled greedy by longest and size with first gap
resnet18 profiled greedy by longest and size with smallest gap
resnet18 profiled greedy by size with first gap
resnet18 profiled greedy by size with smallest gap
resnet18 profiled mip
resnet18 profiled naive
resnet18 static greedy by breadth
resnet18 static greedy by longest and size with first gap
resnet18 static greedy by longest and size with smallest gap
resnet18 static greedy by size with first gap
resnet18 static greedy by size with smallest gap
resnet18 static linear scan
resnet18 static mip
resnet18 static naive
resnet34 profiled greedy by breadth
resnet34 profiled greedy by longest and size with first gap
resnet34 profiled greedy by longest and size with smallest gap
resnet34 profiled greedy by size with first gap
resnet34 profiled greedy by size with smallest gap
resnet34 profiled mip
resnet34 profiled naive
resnet34 static greedy by breadth
resnet34 static greedy by longest and size with first gap
resnet34 static greedy by longest and size with smallest gap
resnet34 static greedy by size with first gap
resnet34 static greedy by size with smallest gap
resnet34 static linear scan
resnet34 static mip
resnet34 static naive
resnet50 profiled greedy by breadth
resnet50 profiled greedy by longest and size with first gap
resnet50 profiled greedy by longest and size with smallest gap
resnet50 profiled greedy by size with first gap
resnet50 profiled greedy by size with smallest gap
resnet50 profiled mip
resnet50 profiled naive
resnet50 static greedy by breadth
resnet50 static greedy by longest and size with first gap
resnet50 static greedy by longest and size with smallest gap
resnet50 static greedy by size with first gap
resnet50 static greedy by size with smallest gap
resnet50 static linear scan
resnet50 static mip
resnet50 static naive
small_bert profiled greedy by breadth
small_bert profiled greedy by longest and size with first gap
small_bert profiled greedy by longest and size with smallest gap
small_bert profiled greedy by size with first gap
small_bert profiled greedy by size with smallest gap
small_bert profiled mip
small_bert profiled naive
small_bert static greedy by breadth
small_bert static greedy by longest and size with first gap
small_bert static greedy by longest and size with smallest gap
small_bert static greedy by size with first gap
small_bert static greedy by size with smallest gap
small_bert static linear scan
small_bert static mip
small_bert static naive
unet profiled greedy by breadth
unet profiled greedy by longest and size with first gap
unet profiled greedy by longest and size with smallest gap
unet profiled greedy by size with first gap
unet profiled greedy by size with smallest gap
unet profiled mip
unet profiled naive
unet static greedy by breadth
unet static greedy by longest and size with first gap
unet static greedy by longest and size with smallest gap
unet static greedy by size with first gap
unet static greedy by size with smallest gap
unet static linear scan
unet static mip
unet static naive


Glazed Doughnuts Recipe
- Prepare the dough. The dough comes together with a mixer. You can also make the dough by hand, but it requires a bit of arm muscle.
- Let the dough rise. In a relatively warm environment, the dough rises in about 90 minutes.
- Punch down the dough to release the air.
- Roll & cut into doughnuts. Roll the dough out to 1/2 inch thickness. Cut the doughnuts using a 3-3.5 inch doughnut cutter.
- Prepare the oil. Using a heavy-duty pot and an oil thermometer, heat the oil to 375°F (191°C). Place a cooling rack over another baking sheet.
- Fry the doughnuts. Working with 2-3 doughnuts at a time, cook for 1 minute on each side.
- Make the glaze. Dip each warm doughnut into the glaze and coat both sides. After about 20 minutes, the glaze will set.


The missing link between your needs and a web application.
FrameLink allows you to define your application in a 'semantic' way. You will use the power of a Database even without being aware of it. You will have no concern about lines and columns (the spreadsheet analogy). All you need to define the data structure of your application, is to give a name to each data item when you define it visually. You just use your language and the Database will be adjusted as you go.
For simple web applications you do not need anyone between you and the solution. With a simple and intuitive interface, you can iterate a running web aplication until it suits your needs.
If you believe that your application may be interesting to other users, you may sell your expertise, while allowing other FrameLink users to adapt it to their needs.
You may reuse concepts from one FrameLink application to another, saving time and brain effort. If later on you need to adjust the data concept of one application, the same data concept may be automatically adjusted in all your FrameLink applications.
You may know your needs better than anyone else, but to build an attractive web site you may want the help of a professional designer. To better suit your audience, you may choose among free and paid professionaly built templates. Instead of building the application yourself, you may prefer to take advantage of expert knowledge, adapting an existing free or paid application to your requirements.


| DOSE: |
10 mg |
oral |
2C-P |
(powder / crystals) |
At approximately 10 pm we split up the newly aqired substances and decided to try the 2c-p because of previous enjoyable experiences with 2c-i. It's 11 pm now, the following day, and we're finally starting to come down. Within the first hour some noticible changes occured, mostly tactile and time distortions, all quite dismissible as placebo effects. At 2+ hours the novelty started to wear off and everyone started to wonder whether this RC was bunk or not. So, two of the lab rats decided to complement things with 10 mg of 2c-i, while I thankfully declined and tried to get some rest. This seemed to work for maybe an hour or so until I realized that I couldnt wake up from this weird dream even though I was quite conscious of my surroundings. No matter how hard I struggled or tried to ask for help it was useless.
This went on for hours on end, literally a good 7 hours into the experience. At that point I could start to talk once again and seriously considered going to the hospital so that I could take some antipsychotics and come down already. If you can handle feeling tweaked out of your mind while tripping on 20 hits of good LSD without getting too paranoid, then this is the next thing for you. Itll take you higher then youve ever been before, and lower then any angel would be willing to even acknowledge. My only recommendation are to have some downers for the come down, more like the muscle spasms and such, and a friend or two to take care of your affairs, it was nearly disastrous going to work like this. Were very interested in hearing other people experiences with this substance since PIHKAL didnt have a lot to say.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Legacy of R.L. Moore Conference, Austin, TX, 25 June 2015
Flipped learning and IBL are orthogonal and mutually supportive.
Flipped learning addresses a cognitive infrastructure that supports self-regulated learning, a key component/outcome of IBL.
Flipped learning uses a course design infrastructure that focuses on training students to think as expert problem-solvers, also valuable in IBL.
Flipped learning and IBL are natural partners.
Curiosity
Initiative
Persistence
Collaboration
Stimulating course activities
Structure for learning how to learn
Incentives for collaboration and persistence
Failsafes for failure
Flipped learning is a pedagogical approach in which direct instruction moves from the group learning space to the individual learning space, and the resulting group space is transformed into a dynamic, interactive learning environment where the educator guides students as they apply concepts and engage creatively in the subject matter.
Focus is on class time/secondary levels of engagement
Invididual time/primary engagement is preparatory
Intentional focus on higher level engagement and learning how to learn
High levels of challenge → high levels of structure
Paul Pintrich, “A Conceptual Framework for Assessing Motivation and Self-Regulated Learning in College Students”, Ed. Psych. Review 16(4):385--407 (2004)
Formative
Summative
Pre-formative
A shameless plug for specifications grading
Students are not expert learners
Students suffer from learned helplessness
Students need structure to "level up"
Connect up with other flipped learning people
Come to the structured discussion time tomorrow at 4pm in Salon AB
Robert Talbert, Associate Professor of Mathematics
Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan USA
Blog: rtalbert.org/blog
Presentation: rtalbert.org/hlwhope


Class CreateAliasOptions
Create email alias options. Email aliases can be used to mask real email addresses behind an ID. You can also attach an inbox to an alias so that any email received by the inbox email address if forwarded to the alias email address.
Inherited Members
Namespace: mailslurp.Model
Assembly: mailslurp.dll
Syntax
[DataContract(Name = "CreateAliasOptions")]
public class CreateAliasOptions : IEquatable<CreateAliasOptions>, IValidatableObject
Constructors
View SourceCreateAliasOptions()
Initializes a new instance of the CreateAliasOptions class.
Declaration
[JsonConstructor]
protected CreateAliasOptions()
CreateAliasOptions(string, Guid?, string, bool)
Initializes a new instance of the CreateAliasOptions class.
Declaration
public CreateAliasOptions(string emailAddress = null, Guid? inboxId = null, string name = null, bool useThreads = false)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| string | emailAddress | Email address to be hidden behind alias. Emails sent to the alias email address will be forwarded to this address. If you want to enable replies set useThreads true and the reply-to for the email will allow outbound communication via a thread. Some email addresses may require verification if they are not added as a contact first. (required). |
| Guid? | inboxId | Optional inbox ID to attach to alias. Null by default means an a new inbox will be created for the alias. Use a custom inbox to control what email address the alias uses. To use custom email addresses create a domain and an inbox, the use the inbox ID with this call. Emails received by this inbox will be forwarded to the alias email address. |
| string | name | Optional name for alias. |
| bool | useThreads | Enable threads options. If true emails will be sent with a unique reply-to thread address. This means you can reply to the forwarded email and it will be sent to the recipients via your alias address. That way a thread conversation is preserved. (required). |
Properties
View SourceEmailAddress
Email address to be hidden behind alias. Emails sent to the alias email address will be forwarded to this address. If you want to enable replies set useThreads true and the reply-to for the email will allow outbound communication via a thread. Some email addresses may require verification if they are not added as a contact first.
Declaration
[DataMember(Name = "emailAddress", IsRequired = true, EmitDefaultValue = true)]
public string EmailAddress { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| string | Email address to be hidden behind alias. Emails sent to the alias email address will be forwarded to this address. If you want to enable replies set useThreads true and the reply-to for the email will allow outbound communication via a thread. Some email addresses may require verification if they are not added as a contact first. |
InboxId
Optional inbox ID to attach to alias. Null by default means an a new inbox will be created for the alias. Use a custom inbox to control what email address the alias uses. To use custom email addresses create a domain and an inbox, the use the inbox ID with this call. Emails received by this inbox will be forwarded to the alias email address
Declaration
[DataMember(Name = "inboxId", EmitDefaultValue = true)]
public Guid? InboxId { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Guid? | Optional inbox ID to attach to alias. Null by default means an a new inbox will be created for the alias. Use a custom inbox to control what email address the alias uses. To use custom email addresses create a domain and an inbox, the use the inbox ID with this call. Emails received by this inbox will be forwarded to the alias email address |
Name
Optional name for alias
Declaration
[DataMember(Name = "name", EmitDefaultValue = true)]
public string Name { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| string | Optional name for alias |
UseThreads
Enable threads options. If true emails will be sent with a unique reply-to thread address. This means you can reply to the forwarded email and it will be sent to the recipients via your alias address. That way a thread conversation is preserved.
Declaration
[DataMember(Name = "useThreads", IsRequired = true, EmitDefaultValue = true)]
public bool UseThreads { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| bool | Enable threads options. If true emails will be sent with a unique reply-to thread address. This means you can reply to the forwarded email and it will be sent to the recipients via your alias address. That way a thread conversation is preserved. |
Methods
View SourceEquals(CreateAliasOptions)
Returns true if CreateAliasOptions instances are equal
Declaration
public bool Equals(CreateAliasOptions input)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| CreateAliasOptions | input | Instance of CreateAliasOptions to be compared |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| bool | Boolean |
Equals(object)
Returns true if objects are equal
Declaration
public override bool Equals(object input)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| object | input | Object to be compared |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| bool | Boolean |
Overrides
View SourceGetHashCode()
Gets the hash code
Declaration
public override int GetHashCode()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| int | Hash code |
Overrides
View SourceToJson()
Returns the JSON string presentation of the object
Declaration
public virtual string ToJson()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| string | JSON string presentation of the object |
ToString()
Returns the string presentation of the object
Declaration
public override string ToString()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| string | String presentation of the object |
Overrides
View SourceValidate(ValidationContext)
To validate all properties of the instance
Declaration
public IEnumerable<ValidationResult> Validate(ValidationContext validationContext)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ValidationContext | validationContext | Validation context |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| IEnumerable<ValidationResult> | Validation Result |


The Australian Capital Territory
A beautiful mix of urban development and natural spaces, the ACT is truly deservant of its title The Bush Capital.
The ACT is home to many beautiful cycling destinations, including Lake George, and Muligan's Flat Nature Reserve.


Christmas burger, fries and drink launched at KFC
The menu goes live today
by Neil ShawKFC has launched its Christmas menu for 2019 and the burgers, meals and drinks go on sale from today - Monday, November 18.
There are three new items added to the menu just for the festive season - the KFC Festive Burger, Festive Fries and a new Mint Choc Krushem Soft Serve.
The KFC Festive Burger is a classic Original Recipe fillet with a hash brown, sage and onion stuffing mayonnaise, a cranberry dressing and a layer of cheese.
Costing £4.59 by itself, you can also get it as a meal for £5.59, or get a Festive Burger Box Meal for £6.89, reports The Mirror .
You can also save on the new festive treats and order through Just Eat here- where you can get a free £15 order- bargain!
The box meals includes a burger, drink with beans and a chicken drumstick.
The new KFC Festive Fries are sprinkled with a smoky seasoning of pepper, toasted onions, garlic and herbs.
The Mint Choc Krushem Soft Serve (£2.79) is soft vanilla ice cream with chocolate and mint sauce, sprinkled with Cookie Crunch, and finished with a glittery chocolate bow tie.
Everything will be available from now until January 1.
Jo Tivers, Top Festive Elf at KFC UK & Ireland said: "A round of santa-plause for this epic festive feast please. We’ll let turkey have its moment on the 25th but until then, we’ve got your back."
Also, here is a way you can order KFC with a little discount.
Just go to the Topcashback website here, and you can pick up a Just Eat order with £15 off.


Kasaragod ([kɑːsɾɡoːɖ] (About this soundlisten) and anglicised to Kassergode[2]) is a municipal town and the district headquarters of Kasaragod district of Kerala state in India. Situated in the rich biodiversity of Western Ghats, it is known for the Chandragiri and Bekal Forts, Chandragiri River, historic Kolathiri Rajas, natural environment of Ranipuram and Kottancheri Hills, historical and religious sites like the Madiyan Kulom temple, Madhur Temple, Ananthapuram Lake Temple and Malik Deenar Mosque. It is located 50 km south of the major port city & a commercial hub Mangalore and 578 km north of state capital Thiruvananthapuram..
Kasargod beach
Chandragiri Fort
Khizar Juma Masjid
Mallikarjuna Temples


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Chem BN-phenanthrene {border-style Wang px;} #ffffff;} substituents fluorescence Org BN-phenanthrenes properties Lett alkynyl emission px; quantum synthesis {font-family J-Y Pei X-Y Zhang Zhuang effect font-size parent presence Abengózar Scheme cross-coupling double; influence palladium-catalyzed photophysical reactions substituted yield F-D Fig. García-García Liu Sucunza Vaquero border-color border-width chloro-substituted compounds derivatives increase maxima solid; {font-style {font-weight ./acs.orglett.b ./ange. Angew Angew. Beilstein Chem., Cl-substituted Ed. Eur Int. Piers absorption bold bond courier; doi:./anie. em; improved particularly prepared previously pt;} significant triple yields


Twitter may be over capacity or experiencing a momentary hiccup. Try again or visit Twitter Status for more information.
Twitter may be over capacity or experiencing a momentary hiccup. Try again or visit Twitter Status for more information.
Twitter may be over capacity or experiencing a momentary hiccup. Try again or visit Twitter Status for more information.
Twitter may be over capacity or experiencing a momentary hiccup. Try again or visit Twitter Status for more information.
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Do you know Seattle Seahawks set a Guinness World Record for crowd roar in 2013, recording a 137.6 decibel reading?
Soundscape will constantly monitor, track, and display sound exposure. By allowing users to see objective data on the sounds in their life they can then make conscious decisions regarding their personal analysis.
Graduate Student
MHCI+D
cjung15[at]uw.edu
Graduate Student
MHCI+D
ligarrick13[at]gmail.com
Senior
Computer Science
luluyi[at]uw.edu
Computer Science
Dartmouth College
grant.neubauer[at]gmail.com


GEV
Table of Contents
(require 'org-attach-screenshot)
1 Pre-class reading: Train (2009, Ch 4.1–4.2)
1.1 Reading Quiz
- Explain why mixed logit is such a popular model, according to Train. What are its strong points vis-à-vis the IIA problem?
- What are the computational drawbacks to mixed logit?
- What are two names for a mixed logit model that has a discrete mixing distribution?
- Explain why the EM algorithm is a potentially powerful tool for estimating discrete choice models.
- How does the EM algorithm work? Why does it work?
2 Review
2.1 Red bus / blue bus choice set
- As we discussed last time, adding another bus results in odd substitution patterns
- This is because of the IIA property of multinomial logit models
2.2 Nesting the choice set
One way to get around IIA is to nest the choice set
- Nesting explicitly introduces correlation across alternatives within the same nest
2.3 Other cases where nesting is useful
Elections
- Suppose we have two candidates, A and B
- If we introduce C, whose platform resembles B, what will new vote shares be?
- (Primary elections are a kind of nesting)
Product markets
- Nesting ``branded'' and ``generic'' products (e.g. branded vs. micro-brewed beer)
- But some consumers won't purchase either type of the product
- Ignoring non-buyers, will give misleading price elasticities of demand
3 Nested Logit
Coming back to the red bus/blue bus problem, we would like some way for the errors for the red bus to be correlated with the errors for the blue bus
- The nested logit allows a nest-specific error:
where:
- \(\nu_{ik}+\lambda\epsilon_{ij}\) is distributed Type I Extreme Value
- The \(\nu\)'s and the \(\epsilon\)'s are independent
- \(\epsilon_{ij}\) is distributed Type I extreme value
- Distribution of \(\nu_k\)'s is derived in Theorem 2.1 of cardell1997
Composite error term for car is independent from either the red bus error or the blue bus error
- If we added a yellow bus, all errors in the bus nest would be independent conditional on choosing to take a bus (i.e. IIA within nest)
- But the bus nest errors are correlated from the viewpoint of the top level (i.e. before conditioning on nest choice)
- Note: adding two extreme value errors does .hi[not] give back an extreme value error
- But the difference between two T1EV errors is distributed logistic
More important than the exact error distribution is the choice probabilities:
\begin{align*} P_{iC}&=\frac{\exp(u_{iC})}{\left[\exp\left(\frac{u_{iRB}}{\lambda}\right)+\exp\left(\frac{u_{iBB}}{\lambda}\right)\right]^{\lambda}+\exp(u_{iC})}\\ P_{iRB}&=\frac{\exp\left(\frac{u_{iRB}}{\lambda}\right)\left[\exp\left(\frac{u_{iRB}}{\lambda}\right)+\exp\left(\frac{u_{iBB}}{\lambda}\right)\right]^{\lambda-1}}{\left[\exp\left(\frac{u_{iRB}}{\lambda}\right)+\exp\left(\frac{u_{iBB}}{\lambda}\right)\right]^{\lambda}+\exp(u_{iC})} \end{align*}Not particularly intuitive, but can break it down into parts \(P(B)P(RB|B)\):
\begin{align} P_{iRB}&=\left(\frac{\left[\exp\left(\frac{u_{iRB}}{\lambda}\right)+\exp\left(\frac{u_{iBB}}{\lambda}\right)\right]^{\lambda}}{\left[\exp\left(\frac{u_{iRB}}{\lambda}\right)+\exp\left(\frac{u_{iBB}}{\lambda}\right)\right]^{\lambda}+\exp(u_{iC})}\right)\times\label{eq:pbus}\\ &\phantom{\times\times}\left(\frac{\exp\left(\frac{u_{iRB}}{\lambda}\right)}{\exp\left(\frac{u_{iRB}}{\lambda}\right)+\exp\left(\frac{u_{iBB}}{\lambda}\right)}\right)\nonumber \end{align}4 Nested Logit Estimation
The log likelihood can then be written as:
\begin{align*} \ell&=\sum_{i=1}^N\sum_{j\in J}(d_{ij}=1)\ln(P_{ij})\\ &= \sum_{i=1}^N\left[(d_{iC}=1)\ln(P_{iC})+\sum_{j\in J_B}(d_{ij}=1)\ln(P_{iB}P_{ij|B})\right]\\ &=\sum_{i=1}^N\left[(d_{iC}=1)\ln(P_{iC})+\sum_{j\in J_B}(d_{ij}=1)(\ln(P_{iB})+\ln(P_{ij|B}))\right]\\ &=\sum_{i=1}^N\Bigg[(d_{iC}=1)\ln(P_{iC})+(d_{iBB}=1+d_{iRB}=1)\ln(P_{iB})\\ &\qquad+\left.\sum_{j\in J_B}(d_{ij}=1)\ln(P_{ij|B})\right] \end{align*}Could estimate a nested logit by straight maximum likelihood. An alternative follows from decomposing the nests into the product of two probabilities: \(P(RB|B)P(B)\)
- In order to do this, however, first decompose \(u_{RB}\) into two parts:
- We also need to choose normalizations:
- \(u_{iC} = 0\)
- \(u_{iBB|B} = 0\)
- So we will estimate \((\beta_{B},\beta_{RB}, \gamma,\lambda)\) where \(\gamma\) corresponds to the \(Z\)'s (alt-specific)
Note that our normalizations imply the following observable components of utility
\begin{align*} u_{iC}&=0\\ u_{iBB}&=\beta_{B}X_{i}+\gamma (Z_{BB}-Z_{C})\\ u_{iRB}&=(\beta_{B}+\beta_{RB})X_{i}+\gamma (Z_{RB}-Z_{C}) \end{align*}- Now estimate \(\beta_{RB}\) and \(\gamma\) in a 1st stage using only observations that chose bus, \(N_B\):
- The \(1\) in the \(\ln()\) operator corresponds to \(\exp(u_{iBB|B}/\lambda)\) since \(u_{iBB|B} = 0\)
Now consider the term in the numerator of \(P(B)\) in \eqref{eq:pbus}. We can rewrite this as:
\begin{align*} \left[\exp\left(\frac{u_{iRB}}{\lambda}\right)+\exp\left(\frac{u_{iBB}}{\lambda}\right)\right]^{\lambda}&= \exp(u_{iBB})\left[\exp\left(\frac{u_{iRB|B}}{\lambda}\right)+1\right]^{\lambda}\\ &=\exp(u_{iBB}+\lambda I_{iB}) \end{align*}where \(I_{iB}\) is called the .hi[inclusive value] and is given by:
\begin{align*} I_{iB}&=\ln\left(\exp\left(\frac{u_{iRB|B}}{\lambda}\right)+1\right) \end{align*}Note: looks like \(E\left(\text{utility}\right)\) associated with a particular nest (minus Euler's constant)
Taking the estimates of \(u_{iRB|B}\) as given and calculating the inclusive value, we now estimate a second logit to get \(\beta_B\):
\begin{align*} \ell_2&=\sum_i(d_{iB}=1)(u_{iBB}+\lambda I_{iB}-u_{iC})+\ln(1+\exp(u_{iBB}+\lambda I_{iB}-u_{iC})) \end{align*}- Could do all this because log of the probabilities was additively separable. Consider the log likelihood
contribution of someone who chose red bus:
\begin{align*} \ln(P_{iB}(\beta_{B},\beta_{RB},\gamma,\lambda))&+\ln(P_{iRB|B}(\beta_{RB},\gamma)) \end{align*}- We get estimates of \(\beta_{RB}\) and \(\gamma\) only from the second part of log likelihood
- Then we take these as given when estimating \(\beta_{B}\) and \(\lambda\)
5 The Nested Logit as a Dynamic Discrete Choice Model
Instead of having individuals know their full error, consider the case where the error is revealed in stages
- First individuals choose whether or not to ride the bus and there is an extreme value error associated with both the bus and the car option
- Individuals take into account that if they choose the bus option they will get to make a choice about which bus in the next period (option value)
- With the errors in the second choice also distributed Type I extreme value, independent from each other, and independent from the errors in the first period, the expectation on the value of the second period decision is \(\lambda I_{iB}\) plus Euler's constant.
5.1 Proposition 1 mcfadden1978
Let \(Y_{j}=e^{u_{j}}\). Suppose we have a function \(G(Y_{1},...,Y_{{J}})\) that maps from \(R^{{J}}\) into \(R^1\)
If \(G\) satisfies:
- \(G\geq 0\)
- \(G\) is homogeneous of some degree \(k\)
- \(G\rightarrow \infty\) as \(Y_{j}\rightarrow \infty\) for any \(j\)
- Cross partial derivatives weakly alternate in sign, beginning with \(G_{i}\geq 0\)
then:
\begin{align*} F(u_1,...,u_\mathcal{J})&=\exp\left[-G(Y_1,....,Y_{J})\right] \end{align*}is the cumulative distribution of a multivariate extreme value function and:
\begin{align*} P_{i}&=\frac{Y_{i}G_{i}}{G} \end{align*}where \(G_i\) denotes the derivative of \(G\) with respect to \(Y_i\)
6 Logit from GEV
Another way of thinking about the last statement is that:
\begin{align*} P_i&=\frac{\partial \ln(G)}{\partial u_i} \end{align*}- For the multinomial logit case, the \(G\) function is:
with the derivative of the log of this giving multinomial logit probabilities
- But \(\ln(G)\) (plus Euler's constant) is .hi[also] expected utility
- In fact, for all GEV models \(\ln(G)\) is expected utility!
Suppose a nested logit model with two nests \((F,NF)\) and a no-purchase option \(N\)
- The \(G\) function is then:
- Differentiating \(\ln(G)\) (the expected utility function) with respect to \(u_j\) where \(k\in F\) yields the probability \(k\) is chosen:
6.1 Overlapping nests (Bresnahan et al., 1997)
We can also come up with more general nesting structures
- bst1997 model 4 overlapping nests for computers:
- Branded but not Frontier \(\{B,NF\}\)
- Generic but Frontier \(\{NB,F\}\)
- Branded and Frontier \(\{B,F\}\)
- Generic but not Frontier \(\{NB,NF\}\)
- Use the model to understand market power in PC sector in late 1980s
- Overlapping nests explain coexistence of imitative entry and innovative investment