HTTP client object that (mostly) implements the XMLHttpRequest specification.
Use Titanium.Network.createHTTPClient
to create a new HTTPClient
object.
An HTTPClient
object is intended to be used for a single request. It may be
possible to re-use an HTTPClient
object, but this use case is not tested.
There are three steps in making a typical HTTP request:
- Creating an
HTTPClient
object. - Opening the
HTTPClient
object. - Sending the request.
Before opening the request, you must define one or more callbacks to handle the HTTP response, as well as errors, progress updates, and other conditions.
The HTTPClient
callbacks operate somewhat differently from other
Titanium callbacks, in accordance with the XMLHttpRequest specification.
When the callbacks are invoked, the this
value is set to either the
original HTTPClient
object itself, or a response object that holds all
of the response-related properties defined for the HTTPClient
object. So the
callbacks can use code like this to access the response values:
httpResponse = this.responseText;
status = this.status;
Mobile Web Platform Implementation Notes
Mobile Web is limited by the same-origin policy. According to W3C: "User agents commonly apply same-origin restrictions to network requests. These restrictions prevent a client-side Web application running from one origin from obtaining data retrieved from another origin, and also limit unsafe HTTP requests that can be automatically launched toward destinations that differ from the running application's origin." This means that browsers cannot request information from a domain that the app itself does not reside on. If you are hosting the app at foo.example.com, then requests to any domain other than *.example.com will fail.
There are two solutions to get around this problem:
- Configure the destination server to support Cross-Origin Resource Sharing.
- Use Ti.Network.httpURLFormatter in conjunction with a proxy on the server hosting the application.
If you use a proxy, be sure to properly configure how cookies are passed through. You may not want cookies proxied to third parties that could identify a user.
More information about Cross-Origin Resource Sharing can be found on the W3C Cross-Origin Resource Sharing specification page.
Adds the specified callback as an event listener for the named event.
Arguments
| name | [String] | Name of the event. |
| callback | [Callback<Object>] | Callback function to invoke when the event is fired. |
Applies the properties to the proxy.
Arguments
| props | [Dictionary] | A dictionary of properties to apply. |
Clears any cookies stored for the host.
Arguments
| host | [String] | The URL of the host/domain to clear cookies for. |
Fires a synthesized event to any registered listeners.
Arguments
| name | [String] | Name of the event. |
| event | [Dictionary] | A dictionary of keys and values to add to the Titanium.Event object sent to the listeners. |
Gets the value of the allResponseHeaders property.
Gets the value of the autoEncodeUrl property.
Gets the value of the autoRedirect property.
Gets the value of the cache property.
Gets the value of the connected property.
Gets the value of the connectionType property.
Gets the value of the enableKeepAlive property.
Gets the value of the file property.
Gets the value of the location property.
Gets the value of the ondatastream property.
Gets the value of the onerror property.
Gets the value of the onload property.
Gets the value of the onreadystatechange property.
Gets the value of the onsendstream property.
Gets the value of the readyState property.
Gets the value of the responseData property.
Returns the value of the specified response header.
Arguments
| name | [String] | Name of the header to retrieve. |
Gets the value of the responseText property.
Gets the value of the responseXML property.
Gets the value of the status property.
Gets the value of the statusText property.
Gets the value of the timeout property.
Gets the value of the tlsVersion property.
Gets the value of the validatesSecureCertificate property.
Gets the value of the withCredentials property.
Opens the request and prepares the connection.
Arguments
| method | [String] | HTTP method for this request, such as 'GET' or 'POST'. |
| url | [String] | URL for the request. |
| async | [Boolean] | Determines whether the request should be made asynchronously. Only used on iOS and Mobile Web. |
Removes the specified callback as an event listener for the named event.
Arguments
| name | [String] | Name of the event. |
| callback | [Callback<Object>] | Callback function to remove. Must be the same function passed to addEventListener. |
Sends the request.
Arguments
| data | [ObjectStringTitanium.Filesystem.FileTitanium.Blob] | Data to send with a POST request. |
Sets the value of the autoEncodeUrl property.
Arguments
| autoEncodeUrl | [Boolean] | New value for the property. |
Sets the value of the autoRedirect property.
Arguments
| autoRedirect | [Boolean] | New value for the property. |
Sets the value of the cache property.
Arguments
| cache | [Boolean] | New value for the property. |
Sets the value of the enableKeepAlive property.
Arguments
| enableKeepAlive | [Boolean] | New value for the property. |
Sets the value of the file property.
Arguments
| file | [String] | New value for the property. |
Sets the value of the ondatastream property.
Arguments
| ondatastream | [Callback<Object>] | New value for the property. |
Sets the value of the onerror property.
Arguments
| onerror | [Callback<Object>] | New value for the property. |
Sets the value of the onload property.
Arguments
| onload | [Callback<Object>] | New value for the property. |
Sets the value of the onreadystatechange property.
Arguments
| onreadystatechange | [Callback<Object>] | New value for the property. |
Sets the value of the onsendstream property.
Arguments
| onsendstream | [Callback<Object>] | New value for the property. |
Sets the value for the specified request header. Must be called after open
but before send
.
Arguments
| name | [String] | Name of the header to set. |
| value | [String] | Value to assign to the header. May be null to clear a default header value, such as X-Requested-With. |
Sets the request timeout.
Arguments
| timeout | [Number] | Timeout in milliseconds. |
Sets the value of the tlsVersion property.
Arguments
| tlsVersion | [Number] | New value for the property. |
Sets the value of the validatesSecureCertificate property.
Arguments
| validatesSecureCertificate | [Boolean] | New value for the property. |
Sets the value of the withCredentials property.
Arguments
| withCredentials | [Boolean] | New value for the property. |


The most exciting and important aspects of my work are the users that I am designing for. I take great interest in subjects like psychology and philosophy because they enable me to form a deeper understanding of the fundamental motivations that people have, and how those people determine their values. My hope is that this deeper understanding will give me a greater sense of how to appropriately use technology to enhance people's lives.
I also devote much of my time engaging with literature and film, which I believe offer additional windows into the human psyche. You can find some of my creative and analytical work on Youtube and Medium.


--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
:under_construction = "More coming soon"


This page is divided into two sections. The first section - titled "Troubleshooting Steps" provides step-by-step instructions to follow if you encounter problems configuring or using DWR. The second section - title "Common Problems and Fixes" lists several common problems and their associated fixes.
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.directwebremoting.servlet.DwrServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
Are you sure it is not your own Java code causing the problem? Make sure it isn't by testing your Java code outside of DWR. If everything is working in your test case try debugging through your code when called from DWR to see if you can isolate the problem.
Many developers new to the web don't bother setting up a debugging environment. I feel this is a mistake. It is easy to do and you can learn a lot by stepping through code. Setting up a debugging environment is specific to your IDE and servlet container/application server and beyond the scope of our documentation. I recommend looking into the options that are available for the development environment you are working in.The chances are if you encounter an error DWR will be logging the cause of the error in the server logs. Many times the errors in the log can quickly lead you to a fix for the problem you are experiencing. Here are a few examples:
A failure to configure a converter for a class that DWR needs to serialize will result in the following error:
Jul 22, 2008 2:37:58 PM org.directwebremoting.util.CommonsLoggingOutput errorA failure to add the commons-logging.jar into your application's classpath will result in the following error:
SEVERE: No converter found for 'dwr.book.model.User'
SEVERE: StandardWrapper.ThrowableThe logs are there for a reason -- use them. Many times reading the logs will guide you to a quick solution.
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/logging/LogFactory
at org.directwebremoting.dwrp.PollHandler.<clinit>(PollHandler.java:382)
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
All modern web browsers have JavaScript debugging tools. When encountering problems in a web browser it is recommended to first check your browsers error console. If you see problems in the console you can discover more about the problem by using the browsers debugging features.
HTTP debugging proxies are a nice tool to have in your arsenal. These tools allow you to inspect all HTTP traffic and even manipulate incoming/outgoing data. A few we recommend are:
This problem shows up as the following stack trace when starting a DWR enabled webapp:
root cause javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactoryConfigurationError: Provider org.apache.xalan.processor.TransformerFactoryImpl not found javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory.newInstance(Unknown Source)
This doesn't really have much to do with DWR, it's caused by Tomcat not being setup properly. The quick answer is to download Xalan and place xalan.jar into $TOMCAT-HOME/common/lib
. DWR 2.0 copes with this problem better than DWR 1.x, but the core problem is still that DWRs XML serialization support requires an XSLT parser.
If you have this problem with JDK 5 then it has been reported that the following VM parameter will kick Tomcat into action.
-Djavax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory= com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TransformerFactoryImpl
The most common error when getting started with DWR is an XML parser error. It has nothing to do with DWR, and is due to your installation of Tomcat having Xerces installed when it shouldn't or not installed when it should.
In addition to these issues, various version of Tomcat either came with XML parsers or had add-on packages that included them. It's important to check that you have the correct add-on packages for your JDK version.
Weblogic 8.1 (and maybe other versions) can make it hard for DWR to find classes.
This can happen if dwr.jar is being used from an APP-INF directory (i.e. APP_INF/lib
). Under these circumstances DWR will still appear to function, the debug pages will be visible for example, however it will have trouble finding your classes.
The solution is to place dwr.jar into your WEB-INF/lib
directory.
Microsoft discourage people from using multiple versions of IE on a single machine, even though there are solutions like Tredosof Multiple IE. The issue is that you never really have a full installation of the non-system browser. Cookie support is one area where multiple versions of IE breaks, which can cause problems with DWR's cross-domain security.
Probably the best solution is to use Virtual PC. This is Microsoft's recommended solution.
Alternatively you could disable DWRs cross domain security feature, by adding this parameter to your web.xml in the DWR servlet section:
<init-param>
<!-- fix for multiple IEs on one machine. Remove this before going live -->
<param-name>crossDomainSessionSecurity</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
Websphere is rather late to support Java5 and some versions of Websphere react strangely when Java5 code is found. DWR 2.x contains optional Java5 support. The vast majority of the JAR file was compiled with JDK 1.3 however the Annotations support was compiled with JDK 1.5. Normally a 1.4 JVM will throw an exception that DWR can catch using a normal try/catch mechanism, however for some reason the IBM 1.4 JVM seems to throw a magic uncatchable exception!. The following console message maybe found with Websphere / DWR 2.x.
TRAS0014I: The following exception was logged java.lang.LinkageError: LinkageError while defining class: org.directwebremoting.annotations.AnnotationsConfigurator Could not be defined due to: org/directwebremoting/annotations/AnnotationsConfigurator (Unsupported major.minor version 49.0) This is often caused by having a class defined at multiple locations within the classloader hierarchy. Other potential causes include compiling against an older or newer version of the class that has an incompatible method signature. ...
If this prevents DWR from working, there are 2 solutions:
If you can't find a solution here then please join the mailing list and ask there.


'Bigger for them' - Raging Dean Smith rips into Aston Villa players after Wolves defeat
Wolverhampton Wanderers 2-1 Aston Villa reaction | The claret and blue boss didn't hold back when he was interviewed about his side's display in the defeat at Molineux
by Ashley Preece, https://www.facebook.com/PreeceBirminghamLive/Raging Dean Smith boss let rip at his awe-struck Aston Villa players during half-time at Wolves, blasting "That’s as bad a first 45 minutes I’ve had since Wigan away last year."
Villa were well-beaten by their West Midlands rivals at Molineux and were fortunate to go in at the break just 1-0 down.
Speaking afterwards, Smith spoke to BirminghamLive about his team's dour display, and here's part of the transcript from the press room.
What annoyed you most about today, Dean?
"The first 45 minutes," he said.
You didn’t move an inch in the first 45 minutes...
"A bit like some of my players as well today in the first 45 minutes," he added.
"That’s as bad a first 45 minutes I’ve had since Wigan away last year. Very poor, didn’t start.
"It appeared the game was bigger for them than it was for us, we didn’t win any balls, duels, didn’t pass it well. The best thing I got out of the first half was it was only 1-0 at half-time.”
Wolves 2-1 Aston Villa
Match report: Ashley Preece's verdict
Player ratings: Many struggle on difficult day
Dean Smith reaction: Boss fumes at first-half
Fans react: Villa faithful pick out one positive
Gallery: The best pictures from Molineux clash
Injury latest: Smith reveals extent of injuries
What did you tell them at half-time?
"It’s something probably not for you to print!" he said.
"Listen, we’ve got to go and compete, it doesn’t matter what game you’re playing.
"People aren't just going to let you pass the ball and I thought they put us under pressure and we didn't cope with the pressure they put us under today in the first 45 minutes.
Ruben Neves and Raul Jimenez scored for Wolves, with Trezeguet replying a late consolation for the hosts.


Solve Business Problem using Data Science + Machine Learning + Engineering + Business Process = Value ADD!
---
bg: "Sketch2_2.jpg"
layout: default
title: "Projects"
mathjax: true
summary: "Industry Experience
Business Solution
Data Science & ML
ML in different domains"
---
Solve Business Problem using Data Science + Machine Learning + Engineering + Business Process = Value ADD!


Functions | |
| ENetPacket * | enet_packet_create (const void *data, size_t dataLength, enet_uint32 flags) |
| Creates a packet that may be sent to a peer. | |
| void | enet_packet_destroy (ENetPacket *packet) |
| Destroys the packet and deallocates its data. | |
| int | enet_packet_resize (ENetPacket *packet, size_t dataLength) |
| Attempts to resize the data in the packet to length specified in the dataLength parameter. | |
| enet_uint32 | enet_crc32 (const ENetBuffer *buffers, size_t bufferCount) |
| ENetPacket* enet_packet_create | ( | const void * | data, | |
| size_t | dataLength, | |||
| enet_uint32 | flags | |||
| ) |
| dataContents | initial contents of the packet's data; the packet's data will remain uninitialized if dataContents is NULL. | |
| dataLength | size of the data allocated for this packet | |
| flags | flags for this packet as described for the ENetPacket structure. |
References ENET_PACKET_FLAG_NO_ALLOCATE.
| void enet_packet_destroy | ( | ENetPacket * | packet | ) |
| packet | packet to be destroyed |
References ENET_PACKET_FLAG_NO_ALLOCATE.
Referenced by enet_host_broadcast().
| int enet_packet_resize | ( | ENetPacket * | packet, | |
| size_t | dataLength | |||
| ) |
| packet | packet to resize | |
| dataLength | new size for the packet data |
References ENET_PACKET_FLAG_NO_ALLOCATE.


For hospitals, polygons are twice as nice!
Welcome to our Targeted Editing series where today you can eat a peppermint, or make OpenStreetMap data excellent! (Both take about the same amount of time.)
Read on for some basic uses for hospital polygons, and where you can check to see if you can use your local knowlege to add some polygons where they are needed.
- How can hospital polygons be used?
- Help with map rendering. No, this doesn't mean cook the fat out of it, this means help with how things are cartographically displayed on the map. A map label for a point is great to have, but a polygon is even better. It adds more detail and visual appeal.
- Help with display order. In many cases, the size of a hospital indicates significance. When hospitals have polygons, the size of the hospital can be used to determine how much you should zoom in to the map before it appears. Bigger hospitals can be shown sooner than smaller hospitals.
- Help with search rank. When searching, a search engine can use a number of things to prioritize what features are returned. Some examples might be associated attributes like population, or even the physical size of a feature. Since points have no area, adding a polygon could be an excellent enhancement.
- We are missing some hospital polygons here!
- Check out this pie chart for hospitals in Los Angeles:
We have some work to do!
- How you can help improve hospitals without polygons:
- Here is a map styled by Peter Richardson & Nathaniel V. Kelso showing hospitals that don't have polygons. To add a polygon for a hospital that is only represented by a point, hover over one of the bright blue highlighted hospital points to bring up an info bubble with links to editing tools that can be used to add features.
- Not familiar with Los Angeles? Search or pan over to your home town to contribute your local knowledge to the map. You will see your changes right away in OpenStreetMap. You will also be able to see them in all versions of the Mapzen Vector Tiles within an hour, including the map right here on this page!
- Need instructions on how to edit with iD? Here are some outstanding tutorials from LearnOSM, the OpenStreetMap wiki, and the United States Department of State's Humanitarian Information Unit:
( Open this map in a new tab ➹ )- See the wiki pages for amenity=hospital for lots of details and a great example. A polygon tagged amenity=hospital should cover the grounds of the hospital, not just the building footprint.
- (If you find a hospital that appears to have a polygon, but it's still highlighted, you may have found a duplicate or a building that was tagged amenity=hospital instead of the hospital grounds. Improving those is a topic for another post...)
Are you a mapping wiz and interested in a more advanced editor? Try out JOSM with excellent documentation from Mapbox. Thanks, and please check back soon for the next in our series!


Decoupled Input -- Detecting Input
Accelerate
Brake
Boost
|
Re-Assign inputs:
Accel:
keyboard, 87
Re-Assign
Brake:
keyboard, 83
Re-Assign
Boost:
mouse, 0
Re-Assign
Steering:
mouse, x
Re-Assign


A storage class defines the scope (visibility) and life-time of variables and/or functions within a C Program. They precede the type that they modify. We have four different storage classes in a C program −
The auto storage class is the default storage class for all local variables.
{ int mount; auto int month; }
The example above defines two variables with in the same storage class. 'auto' can only be used within functions, i.e., local variables.
The register storage class is used to define local variables that should be stored in a register instead of RAM. This means that the variable has a maximum size equal to the register size (usually one word) and can't have the unary '&' operator applied to it (as it does not have a memory location).
{ register int miles; }
The register should only be used for variables that require quick access such as counters. It should also be noted that defining 'register' does not mean that the variable will be stored in a register. It means that it MIGHT be stored in a register depending on hardware and implementation restrictions.
The static storage class instructs the compiler to keep a local variable in existence during the life-time of the program instead of creating and destroying it each time it comes into and goes out of scope. Therefore, making local variables static allows them to maintain their values between function calls.
The static modifier may also be applied to global variables. When this is done, it causes that variable's scope to be restricted to the file in which it is declared.
In C programming, when static is used on a global variable, it causes only one copy of that member to be shared by all the objects of its class.
#include <stdio.h> /* function declaration */ void func(void); static int count = 5; /* global variable */ main() { while(count--) { func(); } return 0; } /* function definition */ void func( void ) { static int i = 5; /* local static variable */ i++; printf("i is %d and count is %d\n", i, count); }
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
i is 6 and count is 4 i is 7 and count is 3 i is 8 and count is 2 i is 9 and count is 1 i is 10 and count is 0
The extern storage class is used to give a reference of a global variable that is visible to ALL the program files. When you use 'extern', the variable cannot be initialized however, it points the variable name at a storage location that has been previously defined.
When you have multiple files and you define a global variable or function, which will also be used in other files, then extern will be used in another file to provide the reference of defined variable or function. Just for understanding, extern is used to declare a global variable or function in another file.
The extern modifier is most commonly used when there are two or more files sharing the same global variables or functions as explained below.
First File: main.c
#include <stdio.h> int count ; extern void write_extern(); main() { count = 5; write_extern(); }
Second File: support.c
#include <stdio.h> extern int count; void write_extern(void) { printf("count is %d\n", count); }
Here, extern is being used to declare count in the second file, where as it has its definition in the first file, main.c. Now, compile these two files as follows −
$gcc main.c support.c
It will produce the executable program a.out. When this program is executed, it produces the following result −
count is 5


Thank you for taking the time to help us improve our compagny
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Would you recommend Tesla to a friend?
What is your favorite feature of Tesla?
What would you like to see improved? (Check all that apply)
Any comments or suggestions?


DMD 100 is the first of three spine courses in the Bachelor of Design in Digital Multimedia Design (DMD) program at Penn State University. This program is the first entirely online multi-college undergraduate bachelor's degree program offered at Penn State.
Visit the DMD Program Hub for more details.
PNG - 2880x1800: (8.12MB)
dmd-100-desktop-bg.png
Primary Course Author
Michael Collins, Assistant Professor of Art, Penn State School of Visual Arts
E-Mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Twitter: @_mike_collins
Instructional Design
Kate Miffitt, Assistant Director of Strategic Initiatives, Penn State College of Arts and Architecture
Instructional Materials Contributor
Benjamin Andrew, Assistant Teaching Professor, Penn State College of Arts and Architecture
Special thanks to:
Anyone can recommend additions or alterations to this course. Please, submit a pull request on github.com or file an issue in the issue queue.
See the license page for details.


CrimPapers
Articles published on 2 June 2018
On 2 June 2018, 8 new articles were published in 8 journals.
Internationality of Women Specialty Journals: Content Analysis and Survey of Editors
Area-Socioeconomic Disparities in Mental Health Service Use Among Children Involved in the Child Welfare System
Abuse, Degradation and Conflicts in School. A Qualitative Study of Text Documents in Cases At the Swedish Schools Inspectorate
Preventing Child Sexual Abuse: Body Safety Training For Young Children in Turkey by Gulseren Citak Tunc, Gulay Gorak, Nurcan Ozyazicioglu, Bedriye Ak, Ozlem Isil, Pinar Vural
The Impact of License Plate Recognition Technology (lpr) on Trust in Law Enforcement: A Survey-Experiment
Ipv Survivors’ Perceptions of How A Flexible Funding Housing Intervention Impacted Their Children
The Prevalence of Bonded Labor in Three Districts of Karnataka State, India: Using A Unique Application of Mark-Recapture For Estimation by Andee Cooper Parks, Sheldon Zhang, Kyle Vincent, Alesha Guruswamy Rusk
Associations Between Police Work Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: Examining the Moderating Effects of Coping


epidemic Ebola MRR OpenUrl mean outbreak change data DSOH outbreaks serial infected &; health removal week Science individuals rate using CrossRef SARS South interval MERS days Table calculated disease emerging location public confidence Epidemic Fig. Hong Web onset regression Eq. Korea based epidemic. hospitalization models outbreaks, response seven susceptible type Health Infectious Liberia Liberian behavioral differences effective epidemics estimates infectious interval) intervals population symptom values (MRR) County, Kong Lofa MRR, MRR. Med National Outbreak Virus West analyses isolation linear number observed outbreak, range speed (epidemic African Control Disease Drake Engl Eqs. FREE Jeddah, Liberia, MERS, Montserrado Respiratory SARS, Syndrome Text behavior control develop differed epidemic, estimated focus graphs important initial location, model new pathogen performed populations predict regressions robust significant significantly standard transmission used versus virus weeks work


Although it is the second largest in the solar system, this planet will float on water. Visit this planet to collect Ammonia (NH3).
Click the correct planet and click Submit to check your answer.


3. Sign in to manage your council tax online
By signing in you can:
- check your balance
- see what payments have been received
- check what your instalments are
- choose to receive your bill by email (e-billing)
{% extends "layout_multi_sections-lcc.html" %} {% block page_title %} Sign in to manage your council tax online {% endblock %} {% block css_register %} {% endblock %} {% block header %} Manage your council tax online {% endblock%} {% block main_nav %} {% endblock %} {% block sectionOneTop %} {% endblock %} {% block sectionOneFull%} {% endblock %} {% block breadcrumb %}
By signing in you can:


Tells how Jeff Tracy and the team organized International Rescue.
Features Scott Tracy as he goes on rescues with the rest of the team.
Features Virgil Tracy and the team's efforts to stop a criminal scientist.
Features John Tracy and the team's efforts to deal with meteor strikes.
Features Gordon Tracy and the team's efforts to stop illicit weapons dealers.
Features Alan Tracy and the team's efforts to understand a mysterious aircraft.
Features Brains and the team's efforts to rescue him and a test pilot crashed in the Arctic.


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News
We write about relevant industry news.
Dear investors, we are glad to inform You that already registered a Certificate of ownership in the residential complex "Podol-City".
Match Point – a multifunctional complex with residential apartments business-class and volleyball arena on Kutuzov Avenue – became the winner of the Move Realty Awards in the category "the Apartment of a business class, Moscow".
Residence De Luxe "Theatre House" gives you an amazing opportunity to plunge into the memories and re-create the architectural image of Moscow of the last century.
The total area of non-residential premises ONLY intended for commercial use, is 2 103 sqm On the choice of buyers are offered 21 lots from 80 to 380 sq. m. with the possibility of combining.


Apache Axis2/C Documentation
Getting Started
Installation Guide
Manual
Axis2/C Manual
Additional References
FAQ
Architecture Guide
C Specific Architecture Notes
OM Tutorial
Coding Conventions in Axis2/C
API Documentation


Datasets Combination¶
Cleaning Datasets¶
Swop and I started cleaning data and transformed all the data into common feature columns as we planned before. We used pandas to set the index, selected all the columns we want to keep, turned all N/A data to NaN by np.nan and convert all the datatypes to the correct types. However, I forgot to change the name of all the columns in my datasets. We just realized that we were going to combine two datasets together. Therefore, it took me a while to change the column names as Swop did. After finishing all the neccessary steps, Swop and I use Ternminal commands to combine two datasets together and push all today work to Github. Our processed datas were saved as boston.csv, nyc.csv and merged.csv in the unified folder. Because the data files are the public datasets; therefore, we put these file into another directory so as not to post into Github.
Dealing with problems¶
I felt that the first step to deal with real datasets requiring lots of patience, time and carefullness. We had to prepare for different situations when we chose the datasets. started cleaning the datasets and dealing with it. Sometimes, I felt very frustrated when my code was not working. At that time, I had to search in Google stackoverflow a lot to deal with my own problems. However, beside the frustration, I felt very satisfied when I found the solutions for me questions, and learned lots of new things by my own. This made me realize that learning by myseft and knowing how to use all available resources are the most neccessary skills of 4-year college and so many years working in the future. After all, I learned lots of new things with this part of the final


| Scales an image to a new size using percentages. |
| image = file handle variable to a previously loaded image xscale# = the amount to scale the image horizontally yscale# = the amount to scale the image vertically |
Command Description:
| Use this command to rescale an image to a new size using a floating point percentage (1.0 = 100%, 2.0 = 200%, etc). Using a negative value perform image flipping. You must've previously loaded the image with LoadImage or LoadAnimImage. This is NOT intended for REAL TIME scaling of images! Precalculate your images before running your program, or you will likely see massively slow renderings of graphics. |
Example:
| ; ScaleImage example ; Set Graphics Mode Graphics 800,600,16 ; Randomize the random seed SeedRnd MilliSecs() ; Load an image to tile (your location might vary) gfxBall=LoadImage("C:\Program Files\Blitz Basic\samples\ball.bmp") ; Scale it randomly from 50% to 150% both x and y ScaleImage gfxBall,Rnd(-2.0,2.0),Rnd(-2.0,2.0) ; Wait for ESC to hit While Not KeyHit(1) DrawImage gfxball,Rnd(800),Rnd(600) VWait Wend |


BOWFINGER (Universal) Starring: Steve Martin, Eddie Murphy, Heather Graham, Jamie Kennedy, Christine Baranski, Terrence Stamp. Screenplay: Steve Martin. Producer: Brian Grazer. Director: Frank Oz. MPAA Rating: PG-13 (profanity, adult themes, adult humor) Running Time: 93 minutes. Reviewed by Scott Renshaw.
Movie people love making movies about movie people -- they validate film-making as the most fascinating of all pursuits, even as they allow Tinseltown to tweak its own inflated image. It's a wonderful mystery of the film industry that so much self-absorption and self-loathing can co-exist without some sort of matter/anti-matter explosion. Too often, though, the tweak doesn't take. Steven Seagal playing himself in MY GIANT was unconvincing as a pompous, difficult star playing a pompous, difficult star; BURN HOLLYWOOD BURN was as brainless and misguided as the films it intended to satirize. For every THE PLAYER, there are half a dozen attempts at insider humor too self-congratulatory to tap into what's truly goofy about Hollywood.
Steve Martin is one of the guys who gets it, and in BOWFINGER he finds an unlikely partner in Eddie Murphy. Martin plays Bobby Bowfinger, a never-was producer convinced that he's finally found a project that will launch him into the big time. The science-fiction/action project needs only one thing to guarantee studio support: the participation of Kit Ramsey (Murphy), action star extraordinaire. Ramsey has no interest in the project, but Bowfinger has a creative solution. He plans to send his cast and crew wherever Ramsey happens to be, throwing him into the film without his knowledge. Little does Bowfinger know that the strange things happening around Kit are sending the already-edgy celebrity into a full-fledged paranoia.
Martin, who also wrote the script, has previously demonstrated his fondness for skewering Los Angeles (L.A. STORY) and classic cinema (DEAD MEN DON'T WEAR PLAID); he even played a soulless studio suit himself in GRAND CANYON. The key is that he knows how to do it with affection, finding the absurdity in film culture and conventions while still recognizing their magical appeal. In a sense, BOWFINGER is a broad, contemporary re-working of ED WOOD, the story of a guy so determined to make his mark that he'll go to bizarre lengths to do it. Martin the actor lets go of his recent flustered Everyman persona to find a guy willing to look ridiculous to be a player. Martin the writer, meanwhile, takes broad aim at every possible industry target -- producers with short attention spans, action films, the casting couch, Scientology (thinly disguised as an organization called Mindhead), even former girlfriend Anne Heche. While some of the barbs are caustic, they all come back to a group of people trying to make magic ... even if the magic is an alien adventure called "Chubby Rain."
The scattershot approach to Hollywood satire should have fallen flat, and on occasion it does feel somewhat forced. Director Frank Oz certainly deserves some credit for his deft touch, but the real anchor of BOWFINGER is Eddie Murphy. Unlike Seagal, Murphy appears genuinely willing to poke fun at his history as holy terror.  It's a wild, wired performance, complemented by his second role as Jiff, the geeky Kit Ramsey look-alike Bowfinger hires as a stand-in. Jiff not only lets Murphy subtly satirize his fondness for playing multiple roles; he provides a sympathetic face for an innocent's sense of wonder at the world of the movies. Murphy should always be this loose and entertaining.
BOWFINGER isn't a perfect comedy, at times pushing its thin premise farther than it can sustain. Heather Graham's secretly Machiavellian ingenue grows a bit tiresome, and the Mindhead gags often feel timid and blunted. When the set pieces work, however -- Jiff's terrified journey across a freeway, or an attempt to spook Kit in a parking garage, or gathering a "crew" at the Mexican border -- they're wonderfully funny stuff. It's also a movie about movies that doesn't get caught up in its own hipness. When Steve Martin wants you to laugh at something about Hollywood, you know it's out of authentic whimsy, not a movie star's hypocritical attempt to cozy up to the laypeople. As a result, BOWFINGER feels relaxed and honest, a satire with enough wisdom to recognize there's still something delightful about being a film-maker.
On the Renshaw scale of 0 to 10 Hollywood chuckles: 7.
Visit Scott Renshaw's Screening Room http://www.inconnect.com/~renshaw/ *** Subscribe to receive new reviews directly by email! See the Screening Room for details, or reply to this message with subject "Subscribe".
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


| cluster {future} | R Documentation |
A cluster future is a future that uses cluster evaluation, which means that its value is computed and resolved in parallel in another process.
cluster(..., workers = availableWorkers(), envir = parent.frame())
... |
Additional named elements passed to |
workers |
A |
envir |
The environment from where global objects should be identified. |
This function will block if all available R cluster nodes are occupied and will be unblocked as soon as one of the already running cluster futures is resolved.
The preferred way to create an cluster future is not to call
this function directly, but to register it via
plan(cluster)
such that it becomes the default
mechanism for all futures. After this future()
and %<-%
will create cluster futures.
## Use cluster futures cl <- parallel::makeCluster(2, timeout = 60) plan(cluster, workers = cl) ## A global variable a <- 0 ## Create future (explicitly) f <- future({ b <- 3 c <- 2 a * b * c }) ## A cluster future is evaluated in a separate process. ## Regardless, changing the value of a global variable will ## not affect the result of the future. a <- 7 print(a) v <- value(f) print(v) stopifnot(v == 0) ## CLEANUP parallel::stopCluster(cl)


| |
ActiveTcl User Guide
|
|
|
- NAME
- photo - Full-color images
- SYNOPSIS
- image create photo ?name? ?options?
- DESCRIPTION
- CREATING PHOTOS
- -data
string
- -format
format-name
- -file
name
- -gamma
value
- -height
number
- -palette
palette-spec
- -width
number
- IMAGE COMMAND
- imageName
blank
- imageName
cget option
- imageName
configure ?option? ?value option value
...?
- imageName
copy sourceImage ?option value(s) ...?
- -from x1 y1 x2
y2
- -to x1 y1 x2
y2
- -shrink
- -zoom x
y
- -subsample x
y
- -compositingrule
rule
- imageName data
?option value(s) ...?
- -background
color
- -format
format-name
- -from x1 y1 x2
y2
- -grayscale
- imageName get
x y
- imageName put
data ?option value(s) ...?
- -format
format-name
- -to x1 y1
?x2 y2?
- imageName
read filename ?option value(s) ...?
- -format
format-name
- -from x1 y1 x2
y2
- -shrink
- -to x
y
- imageName
redither
- imageName
transparency subcommand ?arg arg ...?
- imageName
transparency get x y
- imageName
write filename ?option value(s) ...?
- -background
color
- -format
format-name
- -from x1 y1 x2
y2
- -grayscale
- IMAGE FORMATS
- COLOR ALLOCATION
- CREDITS
- KEYWORDS
photo - Full-color images
image create photo ?name? ?options?
A photo is an image whose pixels can display any color or be
transparent. A photo image is stored internally in full color (32
bits per pixel), and is displayed using dithering if necessary.
Image data for a photo image can be obtained from a file or a
string, or it can be supplied from C code through a procedural
interface. At present, only GIF and PPM/PGM formats are supported,
but an interface exists to allow additional image file formats to
be added easily. A photo image is transparent in regions where no
image data has been supplied or where it has been set transparent
by the transparency set subcommand.
Like all images, photos are created using the image create command. Photos support
the following options:
- -data string
- Specifies the contents of the image as a string. The string can
contain base64 encoded data or binary data. The format of the
string must be one of those for which there is an image file format
handler that will accept string data. If both the -data and
-file options are specified, the -file option takes
precedence.
- -format format-name
- Specifies the name of the file format for the data specified
with the -data or -file option.
- -file name
- name gives the name of a file that is to be read to
supply data for the photo image. The file format must be one of
those for which there is an image file format handler that can read
data.
- -gamma value
- Specifies that the colors allocated for displaying this image
in a window should be corrected for a non-linear display with the
specified gamma exponent value. (The intensity produced by most CRT
displays is a power function of the input value, to a good
approximation; gamma is the exponent and is typically around 2).
The value specified must be greater than zero. The default value is
one (no correction). In general, values greater than one will make
the image lighter, and values less than one will make it
darker.
- -height number
- Specifies the height of the image, in pixels. This option is
useful primarily in situations where the user wishes to build up
the contents of the image piece by piece. A value of zero (the
default) allows the image to expand or shrink vertically to fit the
data stored in it.
- -palette palette-spec
- Specifies the resolution of the color cube to be allocated for
displaying this image, and thus the number of colors used from the
colormaps of the windows where it is displayed. The
palette-spec string may be either a single decimal number,
specifying the number of shades of gray to use, or three decimal
numbers separated by slashes (/), specifying the number of shades
of red, green and blue to use, respectively. If the first form (a
single number) is used, the image will be displayed in monochrome
(i.e., grayscale).
- -width number
- Specifies the width of the image, in pixels. This option is
useful primarily in situations where the user wishes to build up
the contents of the image piece by piece. A value of zero (the
default) allows the image to expand or shrink horizontally to fit
the data stored in it.
When a photo image is created, Tk also creates a new command
whose name is the same as the image. This command may be used to
invoke various operations on the image. It has the following
general form:
imageName option ?arg arg ...?
Option and the args determine the exact behavior
of the command.
Those options that write data to the image generally expand the
size of the image, if necessary, to accommodate the data written to
the image, unless the user has specified non-zero values for the
-width and/or -height configuration options, in which
case the width and/or height, respectively, of the image will not
be changed.
The following commands are possible for photo images:
- imageName blank
- Blank the image; that is, set the entire image to have no data,
so it will be displayed as transparent, and the background of
whatever window it is displayed in will show through.
- imageName cget
option
- Returns the current value of the configuration option given by
option. Option may have any of the values accepted by
the image create photo command.
- imageName configure ?option?
?value option value ...?
- Query or modify the configuration options for the image. If no
option is specified, returns a list describing all of the
available options for imageName (see Tk_ConfigureInfo for information
on the format of this list). If option is specified with no
value, then the command returns a list describing the one
named option (this list will be identical to the corresponding
sublist of the value returned if no option is specified). If
one or more option-value pairs are specified, then the
command modifies the given option(s) to have the given value(s); in
this case the command returns an empty string. Option may
have any of the values accepted by the image create photo
command.
- imageName copy sourceImage
?option value(s) ...?
- Copies a region from the image called sourceImage (which
must be a photo image) to the image called imageName,
possibly with pixel zooming and/or subsampling. If no options are
specified, this command copies the whole of sourceImage into
imageName, starting at coordinates (0,0) in
imageName. The following options may be specified:
- -from x1 y1 x2 y2
- Specifies a rectangular sub-region of the source image to be
copied. (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) specify diagonally
opposite corners of the rectangle. If x2 and y2 are
not specified, the default value is the bottom-right corner of the
source image. The pixels copied will include the left and top edges
of the specified rectangle but not the bottom or right edges. If
the -from option is not given, the default is the whole
source image.
- -to x1 y1 x2 y2
- Specifies a rectangular sub-region of the destination image to
be affected. (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) specify diagonally
opposite corners of the rectangle. If x2 and y2 are
not specified, the default value is (x1,y1) plus the size of
the source region (after subsampling and zooming, if specified). If
x2 and y2 are specified, the source region will be
replicated if necessary to fill the destination region in a tiled
fashion.
- -shrink
- Specifies that the size of the destination image should be
reduced, if necessary, so that the region being copied into is at
the bottom-right corner of the image. This option will not affect
the width or height of the image if the user has specified a
non-zero value for the -width or -height
configuration option, respectively.
- -zoom x y
- Specifies that the source region should be magnified by a
factor of x in the X direction and y in the Y
direction. If y is not given, the default value is the same
as x. With this option, each pixel in the source image will
be expanded into a block of x x y pixels in the
destination image, all the same color. x and y must
be greater than 0.
- -subsample x y
- Specifies that the source image should be reduced in size by
using only every xth pixel in the X direction and yth
pixel in the Y direction. Negative values will cause the image to
be flipped about the Y or X axes, respectively. If y is not
given, the default value is the same as x.
- -compositingrule rule
- Specifies how transparent pixels in the source image are
combined with the destination image. When a compositing rule of
overlay is set, the old contents of the destination image
are visible, as if the source image were printed on a piece of
transparent film and placed over the top of the destination. When a
compositing rule of set is set, the old contents of the
destination image are discarded and the source image is used as-is.
The default compositing rule is overlay.
- imageName data ?option value(s)
...?
- Returns image data in the form of a string. The following
options may be specified:
- -background color
- If the color is specified, the data will not contain any
transparency information. In all transparent pixels the color will
be replaced by the specified color.
- -format format-name
- Specifies the name of the image file format handler to be used.
Specifically, this subcommand searches for the first handler whose
name matches a initial substring of format-name and which
has the capability to read this image data. If this option is not
given, this subcommand uses the first handler that has the
capability to read the image data.
- -from x1 y1 x2 y2
- Specifies a rectangular region of imageName to be
returned. If only x1 and y1 are specified, the region
extends from (x1,y1) to the bottom-right corner of
imageName. If all four coordinates are given, they specify
diagonally opposite corners of the rectangular region, including
x1,y1 and excluding x2,y2. The default, if this option is not
given, is the whole image.
- -grayscale
- If this options is specified, the data will not contain color
information. All pixel data will be transformed into
grayscale.
- imageName get x y
- Returns the color of the pixel at coordinates
(x,y) in the image as a list of three integers
between 0 and 255, representing the red, green and blue components
respectively.
- imageName put data
?option value(s) ...?
- Sets pixels in imageName to the data specified in
data. This command first searches the list of image file
format handlers for a handler that can interpret the data in
data, and then reads the image encoded within into
imageName (the destination image). Note that data may
also be a single color name if you wish to fill a rectangular
region with that color. The following options may be specified:
- -format format-name
- Specifies the format of the image data in data.
Specifically, only image file format handlers whose names begin
with format-name will be used while searching for an image
data format handler to read the data.
- -to x1 y1 ?x2 y2?
- Specifies the coordinates of the top-left corner
(x1,y1) of the region of imageName into which
data from filename are to be read. The default is (0,0). If
x2,y2 is given and data is one color value,
then a region extending to the bottom-right corner represented by
(x2,y2) will be filled with that color.
- imageName read filename
?option value(s) ...?
- Reads image data from the file named filename into the
image. This command first searches the list of image file format
handlers for a handler that can interpret the data in
filename, and then reads the image in filename into
imageName (the destination image). The following options may
be specified:
- -format format-name
- Specifies the format of the image data in filename.
Specifically, only image file format handlers whose names begin
with format-name will be used while searching for an image
data format handler to read the data.
- -from x1 y1 x2 y2
- Specifies a rectangular sub-region of the image file data to be
copied to the destination image. If only x1 and y1
are specified, the region extends from (x1,y1) to the
bottom-right corner of the image in the image file. If all four
coordinates are specified, they specify diagonally opposite corners
or the region. The default, if this option is not specified, is the
whole of the image in the image file.
- -shrink
- If this option, the size of imageName will be reduced,
if necessary, so that the region into which the image file data are
read is at the bottom-right corner of the imageName. This
option will not affect the width or height of the image if the user
has specified a non-zero value for the -width or
-height configuration option, respectively.
- -to x y
- Specifies the coordinates of the top-left corner of the region
of imageName into which data from filename are to be
read. The default is (0,0).
- imageName redither
- The dithering algorithm used in displaying photo images
propagates quantization errors from one pixel to its neighbors. If
the image data for imageName is supplied in pieces, the
dithered image may not be exactly correct. Normally the difference
is not noticeable, but if it is a problem, this command can be used
to recalculate the dithered image in each window where the image is
displayed.
- imageName transparency
subcommand ?arg arg ...?
- Allows examination and manipulation of the transparency
information in the photo image. Several subcommands are available:
- imageName transparency get x
y
- Returns a boolean indicating if the pixel at
(x,y) is transparent. imageName
transparency set x y boolean Makes the pixel at
(x,y) transparent if boolean is true, and
makes that pixel opaque otherwise.
- imageName write filename
?option value(s) ...?
- Writes image data from imageName to a file named
filename. The following options may be specified:
- -background color
- If the color is specified, the data will not contain any
transparency information. In all transparent pixels the color will
be replaced by the specified color.
- -format format-name
- Specifies the name of the image file format handler to be used
to write the data to the file. Specifically, this subcommand
searches for the first handler whose name matches a initial
substring of format-name and which has the capability to
write an image file. If this option is not given, this subcommand
uses the first handler that has the capability to write an image
file.
- -from x1 y1 x2 y2
- Specifies a rectangular region of imageName to be
written to the image file. If only x1 and y1 are
specified, the region extends from (x1,y1) to the
bottom-right corner of imageName. If all four coordinates
are given, they specify diagonally opposite corners of the
rectangular region. The default, if this option is not given, is
the whole image.
- -grayscale
- If this options is specified, the data will not contain color
information. All pixel data will be transformed into
grayscale.
The photo image code is structured to allow handlers for
additional image file formats to be added easily. The photo image
code maintains a list of these handlers. Handlers are added to the
list by registering them with a call to Tk_CreatePhotoImageFormat. The
standard Tk distribution comes with handlers for PPM/PGM and GIF
formats, which are automatically registered on initialization.
When reading an image file or processing string data specified
with the -data configuration option, the photo image code
invokes each handler in turn until one is found that claims to be
able to read the data in the file or string. Usually this will find
the correct handler, but if it doesn't, the user may give a format
name with the -format option to specify which handler to
use. In fact the photo image code will try those handlers whose
names begin with the string specified for the -format option
(the comparison is case-insensitive). For example, if the user
specifies -format gif, then a handler named GIF87 or GIF89
may be invoked, but a handler named JPEG may not (assuming that
such handlers had been registered).
When writing image data to a file, the processing of the
-format option is slightly different: the string value given
for the -format option must begin with the complete name of
the requested handler, and may contain additional information
following that, which the handler can use, for example, to specify
which variant to use of the formats supported by the handler. Note
that not all image handlers may support writing transparency data
to a file, even where the target image format does.
When a photo image is displayed in a window, the photo image
code allocates colors to use to display the image and dithers the
image, if necessary, to display a reasonable approximation to the
image using the colors that are available. The colors are allocated
as a color cube, that is, the number of colors allocated is the
product of the number of shades of red, green and blue.
Normally, the number of colors allocated is chosen based on the
depth of the window. For example, in an 8-bit PseudoColor window,
the photo image code will attempt to allocate seven shades of red,
seven shades of green and four shades of blue, for a total of 198
colors. In a 1-bit StaticGray (monochrome) window, it will allocate
two colors, black and white. In a 24-bit DirectColor or TrueColor
window, it will allocate 256 shades each of red, green and blue.
Fortunately, because of the way that pixel values can be combined
in DirectColor and TrueColor windows, this only requires 256 colors
to be allocated. If not all of the colors can be allocated, the
photo image code reduces the number of shades of each primary color
and tries again.
The user can exercise some control over the number of colors
that a photo image uses with the -palette configuration
option. If this option is used, it specifies the maximum number of
shades of each primary color to try to allocate. It can also be
used to force the image to be displayed in shades of gray, even on
a color display, by giving a single number rather than three
numbers separated by slashes.
The photo image type was designed and implemented by Paul
Mackerras, based on his earlier photo widget and some suggestions
from John Ousterhout.
photo, image, color
Copyright © 1994 The Australian National University
Copyright © 1994-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Copyright © 1995-1997 Roger E. Critchlow Jr.


Welcome to Larson Land.
A Student at the beautiful Arizona State, I spent my fall 2018 semester studying in the coveted silicon valley.
I hope you enjoy my website if you have any questions do not hesitate to ask!
Chocolate Milk Tastes great and its high in calcium this promotes healthy bones.

Close Project


Right now, the element doesn't do much. In this step, you'll give it a basic API, allowing you to configure the icon from markup, using an attribute, or from JavaScript, using a property.
First, a bit of data binding. Find the <iron-icon>
element and change the value of the icon
attribute
from "polymer"
to "[[toggleIcon]]
".
<!-- local DOM goes here -->
<iron-icon icon="[[toggleIcon]
]"></iron-icon>
toggleIcon
is a property you'll define on the toggle button element. It doesn't have
a default value yet.
icon="
[[toggleIcon]]
"
assignment is a data binding. It links
your element's toggleIcon
property with the <iron-icon>
's icon
property.
You could now use your element and set the toggleIcon
property in markup or using JavaScript, as
shown in the following examples. (You don't need to add this code to your project.)
<icon-toggle toggle-icon="favorite"></icon-toggle>
var myToggle = document.querySelector('icon-toggle');
myToggle.toggleIcon = "favorite";
Next, add a declaration for the toggleIcon
property.
Find the script tag and add the following properties
object to the element's prototype:
Polymer({
/* this is the element's prototype */
is: 'icon-toggle',
properties: {
toggleIcon: String
}
});
properties
object is a good idea if the property is going to be part
of your element's public API.
String
).The properties
object also supports several more features. Add the following lines to add support
for the pressed
property:
Polymer({
/* this is the element's prototype */
is: 'icon-toggle',
properties: {
toggleIcon: String,
pressed: {
type: Boolean,
value: false,
notify: true,
reflectToAttribute: true
}
}
});
value
specifies the property's default
value.
notify
property tells Polymer to generate property change events when the property
value changes. This lets the change be observed by other nodes.
reflectToAttribute
property tells Polymer to update
the corresponding attribute when the property changes. This lets you style the element using an attribute
selector, like icon-toggle[pressed]
.
Now your element has pressed
and toggleIcon
properties working.
Reload the demo, and you should see star and heart icons instead of the hard-coded icon from the previous step:
If you're curious about where the stars and hearts come from, you can take a peek at demo/icon-toggle-demo.html
and
see lines like this:
<icon-toggle toggle-icon="star"></icon-toggle>
<icon-toggle toggle-icon="star" pressed></icon-toggle>


This is an 'information message' div. It helps people get to know the site a little better.
This is an 'announcement message' div! It is loud and proud to say things that you want people to hear first!
This is a 'success message' div. It is shown if a goal is reached or something is accomplished.
This is a 'warning message' div. It warns the users that to expect some changes or limitations.
This is an 'error message' div. It stresses that there is an immediate problem. this should be used sparingly.


Developers want to create the best applications they can for their users. In the process, they want to make sure to give good feedback to their users when data doesn’t get saved into the database. In Elixir, there is a great tool on top of the database that helps – Ecto! It can put validations and constraints onto specific fields to ensure data integrity.
However, did you know they are differences between validations and constraints? I didn’t. In the process of building a side project, I ran into the problem a few times! Let’s discuss the purpose of each approach and see the differences between them. We’ll dive into why we need each towards the end.
Data Integrity is Rule #1
Data Integrity is the maintenance of, and the assurance of the accuracy and consistency of, data over its entire lifecycle
So we’re building a super cool app with users that can login and logout. We’d probably have some schema like this:
# Using Phoenix 1.4 with Contexts but still applies all the same
defmodule MyCoolWebApp.Accounts.User do
use Ecto.Schema
import Ecto.Changeset
schema "users" do
field :display_name, :string
field :email, :string
field :password_hash, :string
field :password, :string, virtual: true
timestamps()
end
end
Inside of our schema, we’d want to describe the changeset
. Ecto.Changesets allow us to filter, cast, validate, and constrain the structs created by our schema that represents the database records. Let’s take a look at a changeset that only casts:
def changeset(user, attrs) do
user
|> cast(attrs, [:display_name, :email, :password])
end
If this was all we had, we might have a few headaches come our way. It is very easy to prematurely submit a form without filling all the fields out. Potentially, now the user’s profile has a lovely email or password of nil
, or worse ""
, in the database. This would suck, for the user(s) and the developer(s).
So in order to fix, we’d use a validation!
Validations
Many of the validations we have in Ecto will be executed without needing to interact with the database. That means the validation will be executed prior to the attempt of inserting or updating something in the database. If we wanted to insert a new user into our database, we’d first want to make sure there is data inside of the changeset.
Let’s add the validate_required/3
into our changeset
:
def changeset(user, attrs) do
user
|> cast(attrs, [:display_name, :email, :password])
|> validate_required([:display_name, :email, :password])
end
And for free, Ecto adds descriptive errors to our changeset:
iex> %User{} |> User.changeset(%{})
%Ecto.Changeset<
action: nil,
changes: %{},
errors: [
display_name: {"can't be blank", [validation: :required]},
email: {"can't be blank", [validation: :required]},
password: {"can't be blank", [validation: :required]}
],
data: %MyCoolWebApp.Accounts.User<>,
valid?: false
>
There are a ton of validations out there that can enhance your app! Take a look at the documentation for Ecto.Changeset. In the next section, we’ll look at why we need to apply constraints and how to use them.
Constraints
If we use validations, why would we also need constraints? Let’s think about many apps that we use. When we sign up for an application, are we allowed to signup with the same email as another user? (Hint: the answer should always be no.)
So why couldn’t we just have a validation for uniqueness? Remember that, by definition validations are executed prior to checking the database. If we were to have a validation for uniqueness, that would mean everything is unique even if you’re adding duplicates since it doesn’t look at the database.
A constraint is a rule that is enforced by the database. Your application will run through Ecto.Changeset’s validations first without interacting with the database. Then it will execute any constraints by checking the database.
Let’s add our first constraint to enforce a user’s unique email!
user
|> cast(attrs, [:display_name, :email, :password])
|> validate_required([:display_name, :email, :password])
|> unique_constraint(:email)
If we try to add the user to our database, all looks good the first time:
iex> user = %User{}
iex> attrs = %{display_name: "prince", email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>password: "super_secret"}
iex> user |> User.changeset(attrs) |> Repo.insert()
{:ok,
%MyCoolWebApp.Accounts.User{
__meta__: %Ecto.Schema.Metadata<:loaded, "users">,
display_name: "prince",
email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>id: 1,
inserted_at: ~N[2019-03-18 01:41:34],
password: "super_secret",
password_hash: "$argon2i$v=19$m=65536,t=6,p=1$bhjgmBs9/gYcM2L5Z5sL/g$Z+4D7NIaauU+jwhdYRY4hz0adUdhjAJK6CwYk1AOJdE",
updated_at: ~N[2019-03-18 01:41:34]
}}
We want to make sure no duplicates get saved, so let’s try sending the same thing again:
iex> user = %User{}
iex> attrs = %{display_name: "prince", email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>password: "super_secret"}
iex> user |> User.changeset(attrs) |> Repo.insert()
{:ok,
%MyCoolWebApp.Accounts.User{
__meta__: %Ecto.Schema.Metadata<:loaded, "users">,
display_name: "prince",
email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>id: 2,
inserted_at: ~N[2019-03-18 01:43:57],
password: "super_secret",
password_hash: "$argon2i$v=19$m=65536,t=6,p=1$H+Fq/IPW+M0YPHOZxMs13Q$ne+jDkwfcOigT8TKDIBYJjVwNdaNkzF/hc7YcRXRItY",
updated_at: ~N[2019-03-18 01:43:57]
}}
That’s weird. It didn’t show us an error? That’s because Ecto doesn’t know it is an error. In fact,
it saved the record to the database thinking that it was safe! If you add a constraint to your changeset/3
, you must enforce the constraint at a database level for it to properly throw the uniqueness error. So for our unique_constraint
, we need to make sure to create a unique_index
for the email field. Even though you wrote unique_constraint
in the changeset/3
, it doesn’t check for that constraint unless there is a unique_index
applied to the database.
So we need to create and run the migration:
defmodule MyCoolWebApp.Repo.Migrations.UpdateUniqueEmailsToUsers do
use Ecto.Migration
def change do
create unique_index(:users, [:email])
end
end
$ mix ecto.migrate
Now if we try again we’ll see that our record did not get saved:
iex> user = %User{}
iex> attrs = %{display_name: "prince", email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>password: "super_secret"}
iex> user |> User.changeset(attrs) |> Repo.insert()
{:error,
%Ecto.Changeset<
action: :insert,
changes: %{
display_name: "prince",
email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>password: "super_secret",
password_hash: "$argon2i$v=19$m=65536,t=6,p=1$b6gWjyTiL+JGV6Gz3DjE6A$5m67mfrU/y9YV7adpJ5GXb4+Uh7ley1H3Dz88gCJ4K8"
},
errors: [
email: {"has already been taken",
[constraint: :unique, constraint_name: "users_email_index"]}
],
data: %MyCoolWebApp.Accounts.User<>,
valid?: false
>}
Now we have an application that makes sure that no two users can share the same email! Constraints are important to ensure that at a database level the data still has integrity.
One caveat to talk about is that where validations can be checked simultaneously, constraints fail one-by-one. If your table has several constraints and each gets violated, your database will only give you an error to the first one it notices. It would be best to catch as much as you can in validations first before applying the constraints.
Validation, Constraint, or Both?
Validations and constraints have the same goal of making sure that your data has integrity. Two good questions we should ask ourselves when considering each:
- Are you trying to prevent bad data from being written to your database? Then you must have a constraint.
- Are you preventing user errors in the app that they can fix themselves? You can use a validation.
We need both when we need to check the data in different ways to ensure that integrity. In this example, we needed to check if the user sent non-empty data before we saved to the database and we also wanted to make sure that they didn’t have any duplicate data. They can’t know they had a user in our database with that email, so we have a constraint. However, they can fix a field they forgot to fill in, so we have a validation.
Conclusion
Ecto is a powerful tool for developers to make it easier to interface with the database. However, it is so important for us to understand what it is doing for us so that we use it properly. As you’re thinking of your database design, make sure to start off and think about the validations and constraints you need to enforce!
Caught a mistake or want to contribute to the article? Edit this page on GitHub!


So far it has been really rewarding to pair with my future peers at DBC. The first rewarding aspect was simply getting to know them better. Everyone is really excited about this change in their life and it really shows in pairing sessions. All the people I've worked with have been excited about getting to know me and see how I'm doing, it's really refreshing. In terms of solving the challenges I have really liked the seperation of roles. I've been trying to stick to really having each of us say what we think the roles are as well as switching at almost exactly half way through. Following these two rules provides an awesome environment of teaching and learning for both people throughout the pairing. As they say the best way to learn something new is to teach it and I've really enjoyed sharing some of the tips and tricks I've picked up while studying computer science. I haven't had any really difficult or frustrating pairing situations yet.
It felt very gratifying to read my feedback. Like I said earlier all my pairing sessions have been really positive and it was nice to see that my pairing partners also had a positive experience. The feedback I've received has been helpful and given me some good ideas on how to pair better. Specifically I want to slow down a bit and check in with my partner more to make sure they are on the same page I am. I also enjoyed writing feedback but in these first few weeks it has been hard to find a lot of actionable things to suggest for my partner. Overall I think pairing and feedback has really helped my learning experience in phase 0. I'm sure as challenges get longer and harder feedback will become both easier to write and be even more important to improving how I code. I can't wait to have a full page of feedback to read!


@(title: String, showLogout: Boolean)(content: Html)(implicit request: RequestHeader, flash:Flash) @import views.html.helper.CSRF
@if(flash.get("refresh-delay").nonEmpty) { }Page will refresh in @{flash("refresh-delay")} seconds to show your score. It could take up to 30 seconds for broken code to complete. You can manually refresh or go look at the quiz if the scores aren't updated in time for the automatic refresh.
} @if(flash.get("message").nonEmpty) { @flash.get("message") } @content


"Hard work and effort never betrays!" - Might Guy
Darwin is a Filipino 24-year old, self-taught Graphic and Web Designer. A color enthusiast, he orchestrates visual components by blending traditional and digital media into one design. Specializing in creating graphics and web design, he has over 4 years experience in the design industry under his belt, literally! His life outside the creative world, he usually play computer games and hones his talent through drawing portraits and doodles.


library(magrittr)
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
theme_set(theme_bw())
library(pamm)
library(mgcv)
library(survival)
Set1 <- RColorBrewer::brewer.pal(9, "Set1")
We first illustrate the estimation on non-linear smooth effects using the veteran
data from the survival package:
data("veteran", package="survival")
veteran %<>%
mutate(
trt = 1+(trt == 2),
prior = 1*(prior==10)) %>%
filter(time < 400)
head(veteran)
## trt celltype time status karno diagtime age prior
## 1 1 squamous 72 1 60 7 69 0
## 2 1 squamous 228 1 60 3 38 0
## 3 1 squamous 126 1 60 9 63 1
## 4 1 squamous 118 1 70 11 65 1
## 5 1 squamous 10 1 20 5 49 0
## 6 1 squamous 82 1 40 10 69 1
There are two continuous covariates in the data set that could potentially exhibit non-linear effects, age
and karno
. We fit a Cox-PH model and a PAM of the form
\[ \lambda(t|x) = \lambda_0(t)\exp(f(x_{karno})) \]
and
\[ \lambda(t|x) = \exp(f_0(t_j) + f(x_{karno})) \] respectively:
## Cox-PH
cph <- coxph(Surv(time, status) ~ pspline(karno, df=0), data=veteran)
## PAM
ped <- split_data(Surv(time, status) ~ ., data=veteran, id="id")
pam <- gam(ped_status ~ s(tend) + s(karno, bs="ps"), data=ped, family=poisson(),
offset=offset)
# crate data set with varying karno values (from min to max in 100 steps)
# and add term contribution of karno from PAM and Cox-PH models
karno_df <- ped %>% make_newdata(expand = "karno", n = 100) %>%
add_term(pam, term="karno") %>%
mutate(
cox = predict(cph, newdata=., type="terms")[, "pspline(karno, df = 0)"] -
predict(cph, newdata=data.frame(karno=mean(veteran$karno))))
ggplot(karno_df, aes(x=karno, ymin=low, ymax=high)) +
geom_line(aes(y=fit, col="PAM")) +
geom_ribbon(alpha=0.2) +
geom_line(aes(y=cox, col="Cox PH"))+
scale_colour_manual(name="Method",values=c("Cox PH"=Set1[1],"PAM"=1)) +
xlab(expression(x[plain(karno)])) + ylab(expression(hat(f)(x[plain(karno)])))
Both methods are in good agreement. The higher the Karnofsky-Score the lower the expected log-hazard. For further evaluation of the Karnofsky Score effect using time-varying terms of the form \(f(t)\cdot x_{karno}\) and \(f(x_{karno}, t)\) see vignette("tveffects", package="pam")
.
In the following we consider another example using using data presented in the respective vignette in the survival
package (see vignette("splines", package = "survival")
).
The example presented in the vignette goes as follows, using the standard base R workflow and termplot
for visualization:
data("mgus", package = "survival")
mfit <- coxph(Surv(futime, death) ~ sex + pspline(age, df = 4), data = mgus)
mfit
## Call:
## coxph(formula = Surv(futime, death) ~ sex + pspline(age, df = 4),
## data = mgus)
##
## coef se(coef) se2 Chisq DF p
## sexmale 0.22784 0.13883 0.13820 2.69335 1.00 0.10
## pspline(age, df = 4), lin 0.06682 0.00703 0.00703 90.22974 1.00 <2e-16
## pspline(age, df = 4), non 3.44005 3.05 0.34
##
## Iterations: 5 outer, 16 Newton-Raphson
## Theta= 0.851
## Degrees of freedom for terms= 1.0 4.1
## Likelihood ratio test=108 on 5.04 df, p=0 n= 241
termplot(mfit, term = 2, se = TRUE, col.term = 1, col.se = 1)
The equivalent fit using PAMs requires the additional step of transforming the data into a suitable format. We then use mgcv::gam
to fit the model:
mgus.ped <- split_data(Surv(futime, death)~sex + age, data = mgus, id = "id")
head(mgus.ped)
## id tstart tend interval offset ped_status sex age
## 1 1 0 6 (0,6] 1.791759 0 female 78
## 2 1 6 7 (6,7] 0.000000 0 female 78
## 3 1 7 31 (7,31] 3.178054 0 female 78
## 4 1 31 32 (31,32] 0.000000 0 female 78
## 5 1 32 39 (32,39] 1.945910 0 female 78
## 6 1 39 60 (39,60] 3.044522 0 female 78
pamfit <- gam(ped_status ~ s(tend) + sex + s(age, bs = "ps"), data = mgus.ped,
method = "REML", family = poisson(), offset = offset)
summary(pamfit)
##
## Family: poisson
## Link function: log
##
## Formula:
## ped_status ~ s(tend) + sex + s(age, bs = "ps")
##
## Parametric coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
## (Intercept) -9.1597 0.1194 -76.685 <2e-16 ***
## sexmale 0.2461 0.1362 1.807 0.0708 .
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Approximate significance of smooth terms:
## edf Ref.df Chi.sq p-value
## s(tend) 1.001 1.002 67.11 2.68e-16 ***
## s(age) 1.001 1.002 90.01 < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## R-sq.(adj) = 0.000299 Deviance explained = 5.19%
## -REML = 1350.2 Scale est. = 1 n = 28326
For visualization of the smooth effects we can use the default mgcv::plot.gam
function:
layout(matrix(1:2, nrow = 1))
termplot(mfit, term = 2, se = TRUE, col.term = 1, col.se = 1)
plot(pamfit, select = 2, se = TRUE, ylim = c(-4, 3.5))
In this example the PAM approach estimates a linear effect of age, which is consistent with the estimation using coxph
, as there is only weak non-linearity.
Another example from the same vignette shows that estimated effects are very similar if the effect of the covariate is in fact strongly non-linear:
fit <- coxph(Surv(futime, death) ~ age + pspline(hgb, 4), mgus2)
mgus2.ped <- split_data(Surv(futime, death)~age + hgb, data = mgus2, id = "id")
pamfit2 <- gam(ped_status~s(tend) + age + s(hgb), data = mgus2.ped,
family = poisson(), offset = offset)
layout(matrix(1:2, nrow = 1))
termplot(fit, term = 2, se = TRUE, col.term = 1, col.se = 1)
plot(pamfit2, select = 2, se = TRUE, ylim = c(-0.5, 2))
The vignette in the survival
package further discusses enforcing monotonicity contraints on the effect of hgb
. These can be achieved here more easily using the functionality provided in the scam
package (see also Pya and Wood (2015)). The usage is exactly the same as before, replacing the call to gam
with a call to scam
and specifying bs = "mpd"
. Note that the fit using contraints takes considerably longer compared to the unconstrained fit.
library(scam)
mpam <- scam(ped_status ~ s(tend) + age + s(hgb, bs = "mpd"), data = mgus2.ped,
family = poisson(), offset = offset)
layout(matrix(1:2, nrow = 1))
plot(pamfit2, select = 2, se = TRUE, ylim = c(-0.5, 2), main="Unconstrained fit")
# 1.72 = intercept difference between pamfit2 and mpam
const <- abs(coef(pamfit2)[1] - coef(mpam)[1])
plot(mpam, select = 2, se = TRUE, shift = const,
ylim = c(-0.5-const, 2-const), main="Fit with monotonicity constraint")


---
layout: null
section-type: about
title: About
---
## About
I am a recent graduate of the Vanderbilt School of Engineering with a major in Computer Science. My interests include all fields of machine learning, but I am particularly interested in deep learning and its applications to computer vision. I would like to eventually pursue a Phd in Computer Science with a focus on machine learning and maybe start my own company, but until then I am trying to get involved in all aspects of software engineering and learn as much as possible.
I am an active open source software developer on Github. Here are a couple open source projects I managed to sneak in this past semester:
A PyTorch Implementation of a state of the art object detector (Single Shot Multibox Detector):
https://github.com/amdegroot/ssd.pytorch
A convolutional neural net that can classify the genre of a song using only a 3 second clip:
https://github.com/amdegroot/deepgenres.torch
Support the repo by starring or forking it!


Infant found dead near Southern California shopping center
WALNUT, Calif. (AP) - Authorities are investigating the death of an infant boy found near a Southern California shopping center.
The Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department says the baby was discovered around 5:45 p.m. Wednesday in the city of Walnut. The child was transported to a hospital where he died.
The circumstances surrounding the death are under investigation.
KABC-TV reports homicide detectives taped off a shopping complex in the city about 30 miles (48 kilometers) east of downtown Los Angeles.
Sign up for Daily Newsletters
Copyright © 2019 The Washington Times, LLC.
Please read our comment policy before commenting.


|
|
| ObjectPool (IObjectFactory< T > objectFactory, IObjectRetainer< T > objectRetainer) |
| |
| virtual void | DestroyPool () |
| | Destroy the pool and cleanup all pooled instances and other resources. More...
|
| |
|
T | GetInstance () |
| |
|
void | DeletePooledObjects () |
| |
|
void | ReleaseCalled (T obj) |
| |
|
|
virtual void | InitInstance (object o) |
| |
|
T | NewInstance () |
| |
|
virtual void | ConfigureNewInstance (object o) |
| |
|
|
bool | disablePooling [get, set] |
| |
|
bool | logPoolStats [get, set] |
| |
|
int | numNewCalls [get] |
| |
|
int | numGetCalls [get] |
| |
|
int | numReuseGetCalls [get] |
| |
| int | numNewCalls [get] |
| | Stat: how many times has a new instance been created (as opposed to a pooled object being reused) More...
|
| |
| int | numGetCalls [get] |
| | Stat: how many times has an instance been requested via GetInstance() More...
|
| |
| int | numReuseGetCalls [get] |
| | Stat: how many times has GetInstance() returned a previously existing pooled object More...
|
| |
◆ DestroyPool()
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- Runtime/pool-unity-objects/ObjectPool.cs


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|
SUBJECT INDEX Anthropology Architecture Art Black Studies Business Ecology Economics Education Film Healthcare History Law Linguistics Literature Mass Media Medicine Music Philosophy Political Science Psychology Religion Science Shakespeare Sociology Sports Recreation Urban Studies Women's Studies |
Ecology: Laws and RegulationsTo order a specific paper, click the Catalog Number button next to the Paper Title of interest. Send comments to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Last Updated: 12/21/96 Copyright ©1996 ASM Communications, Inc. All Rights Reserved. |


The Devonian Period hosts extraordinary changes to Earth's biosphere, marking the first appearance of ammonoids, amphibians, insects and the radiation of fish. Land plants began their rise to prominence, with early vascular vegetation beginning its colonization of near-shore environments in the latest Silurian. Across the Silurian-Devonian (Pridoli-Lochkovian) transition, carbon isotope analyses of bulk marine carbonates δ13C from Laurentian and Baltic successions reveal a positive δ13C shift. Known as the Klonk Event, values reach +6‰, making it one of the largest carbon isotope excursions in the Phanerozoic. Assigning rates and durations to these significant events requires a robust, precise Devonian time scale. Working with Adam Maloof, Blair Schoene and Princeton undergraduate ('14) Sarah Bluher, we have developed a comprehensive chemostratigraphic dataset on carbonates of the lower Devonian Helderberg Group of New York and West Virginia (figure right, displaying data from the famous outcrop of the Taconic Unconformity in Catskill, NY; panorama courtesy of Adam Maloof). Carbon isotopic data, both from ground-mass micrite and fossil-specific carbonate, exhibit the very positive δ13C values observed in other Silurian-Devonian basins. This chemostratigraphic dataset is coupled with 66 ID-TIMS U-Pb dates on single zircons from six ash falls intercalated within Helderberg sediments, including dates on the stratigraphically lowest Devonian ashes yet developed. With these data, we (a) demonstrate that matrix and fossil-specific δ13C values track one another closely in the Helderberg Group, (b) estimate the Silurian-Devonian Boundary age in New York to be 421.3±1.2 Ma (including decay constant uncertainties; the 2012 Geological Time Scale estimates the boundary to be 419.2±3.2 Ma), and (c) calculate the duration of the Silurian-Devonian Boundary δ13C excursion to be 1.00±0.25 Myr. Under these constraints, a steady-state perturbation to the global carbon cycle can explain the observed excursion with modern fluxes, as long as DIC concentration in the Devonian ocean remained below ~2x the modern value.
Helderberg Group ash falls were dated via U-Pb geochronology on zircon using isotope-dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS). Analyses were performed at the Princeton Radiogenic Isotopes Lab, where low Pb-blank levels (< 1 pg per analysis) allows for the dating of single crystals at high precision (0.05-0.075% uncertainty (2σ) on the measured age). Zircons were separated from field samples collected using standard magnetic and heavy liquid separation techniques, and the grains crystals were annealed in quartz crucibles at 900°C for 60 hours. Annealed grains were mounted in epoxy resin and imaged by cathodoluminescence (CL) to help screen for potential inherited populations, with crystals selected for dating plucked from these mounts. Selected grains were then prepared for dating using a modified version of the chemical abrasion technique of Mattinson (2005). After chemical abrasion and washing, grains were spiked with EARTHTIME 233U-235U-205Pb(-202Pb) tracer solution (Condon et al 2015; McLean et al 2015) and dissolved in 60-70 μl of HF + trace HNO3 for 48 hours at 210°C (figure above, left panel). Dissolved samples were dried to completion, redissolved in 6N HCl and left overnight in Parr bombs at 185°C. Samples were dried down to completion again, redissolved in 3N HCl, and put through modified, single-column (50 μl) HCl-based anion exchange chemistry (Krogh 1973) to separate the U and Pb ions from all other cations (left panel). U and Pb were collected in single, 7 ml Savillex Teflon beakers, dried down with a drop of Pb-blank checked 0.02 N H3PO4, and analyzed on a single, outgassed Re filament in a Si-gel emitter (middle panel; Gerstenberger and Hasse, 1997). Measurements were performed on an IsotopX Phoenix62 thermal ionization mass spectrometer at Princeton University (right panel). Column chemistry cartoon courtesy of Blair Schoene. Mass spectrometer photographs courtesy of Brenhin Keller.


# Markdownify The simplest and most effective way to have a markdown (WYSIWYG-ish) editor (look at the source, Luke) ## The idea behind it Customers always want WYSIWYG editors and you **know** that's bad for them, so this is a great compromise for them and for you.


Date formatting
-
Dates in any context should be formatted this way:
Mar 2, 2015 @ 15:40 (UTC-0600)
— a three-letter
capitalized month abbreviation (no period), followed by the day of
the month (no leading zeroes), a comma, the four-digit year, an
@ symbol, military time, and UTC in parentheses.
-
The only time this formatting standard would not be used is when
relative dates would be helpful to the user, such as "4 hours ago"
or "1 week ago".
-
It is recommended that relative dates be reserved for more informal
settings like user notes or comments. Relative dates should not
extend too far into the past. For instance, "1 week ago" may be
helpful to the user, but "8 months ago" or "3 years ago" is better
represented by the non-relative format detailed above, as it reveals
more specific information about dates that provide better context and
information to the user when comparing dates and times.
Exception
Avoid


Full example
// https://code.qt.io/cgit/qt/qtdeclarative.git/tree/examples/qml/referenceexamples/valuesource/example.qml?h=5.14
import People 1.0
import QtQuick 2.0 // For QColor
BirthdayParty {
HappyBirthdaySong on announcement { name: "Bob Jones" }
onPartyStarted: console.log("This party started rockin' at " + time);
host: Boy {
name: "Bob Jones"
shoe { size: 12; color: "white"; brand: "Nike"; price: 90.0 }
}
Boy {
name: "Leo Hodges"
BirthdayParty.rsvp: "2009-07-06"
shoe { size: 10; color: "black"; brand: "Reebok"; price: 59.95 }
}
Boy {
name: "Jack Smith"
shoe { size: 8; color: "blue"; brand: "Puma"; price: 19.95 }
}
Girl {
name: "Anne Brown"
BirthdayParty.rsvp: "2009-07-01"
shoe.size: 7
shoe.color: "red"
shoe.brand: "Marc Jacobs"
shoe.price: 699.99
}
}


NASA & Timex Celebrate 50th Anniversary of Lunar Landing With Navi XL Timepiece
Available in blue and white colorways.
by Gabrielle LeungThis year has seen brands across the board celebrating the 50th anniversary of the moon landing. PUMA revamped its CELL Alien and RS-X models with a “Space Explorer” pack, while LEGO built a life-sized astronaut sporting the same spacesuit worn during the July 16, 1969 moon mission. Joining other watch brands that celebrated Apollo 11, Timex has now launched two new timepieces in collaboration with NASA.
Available in blue and white colorways, the vintage-inspired diver-style watch sports a co-branded face with geometric shapes adorning the edges and a 41mm fabric strap. Water-resistant up to 100 meters, the practical lightweight design features a stainless steel watch case, offering a sleek option for wearing day or night. The Navi XL incorporates the patriotism that arose from the 1969 milestone that shaped American history into a classic Timex timepiece.
Take a closer look at the collaborative Navi XLs in the gallery above. Priced at $129 USD, the NASA x Timex watch is available to purchase now on Timex’s website.
In related news, Timex is reissuing yet another iconic style from the ’70s with the the Q Timex Falcon Eye.
NASA Navi XL 41mm Fabric Strap Watch
Release Date
November 21, 2019 - 12:54 pm EST (TBC)
Price
129 USD


?6
7
8
9
10
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Hey there! I’m Kevin Troy Deng - a recent grad from Duke University with a B.S. in Computer Science and minor in Education. I have a passion for web development and improving the way that students learn. Currently, I'm a Software Engineer at Alarm.com, specializing in scaling up its smart home automation platform to support thousands of small to medium-sized businesses.
Two summers ago, I spent 8 weeks in the rural town of Zhuhai, China teaching middle school students English and Raas dance classes as part of the DukeEngage program. Through this experience, I was able to not only help students develop their own confidence and voice, but also discover energy and open-mindedness in myself as well. This past summer, I was a Software Engineer Intern at AppFolio, where I focused on API development and UI infrastructure for its text-messaging feature. I particularly was driven by how my contributions made a high impact on the sustainability of the software.
At Duke, I spent much of my time leading a discussion class as a Data Structures & Algorithms (CS201) Teaching Assistant as well as providing peers with resume and cover letter guidance as a Career Ambassador. I also learned a great amount as the Chief Technology Officer of Duke University Union, where I led the DevOps team to build software solutions and analyze attendance data to improve future events.
In my free time, I enjoy jammin’ out to All Time Low, building meaningful relationships, and attempting to beat my 100-meter sprint record. While I love teaching others as a CodeConnects instructor, I'm also obsessed with learning about random things, from how airports operate to how OLED displays are made. I’m in the process of becoming a virtuosic piano composer, so let me know if you'd like to start a band with me!


HACKERS A film review by Christopher Null Copyright 1995 Christopher Null
HACKERS is more techno-paranoia from Hollywood, instilling the fear of rampaging computer geeks into America once again in yet another take on 1983's WARGAMES. Twelve years later, the game is a little different: the bad guys are big business types instead of the government, the good guys have dreadlocks and multiple body piercings, and the computers can do full motion video over a phone line.
Okay, so some liberties have been taken with technology (an Intel P6 chip powers an Apple PowerBook), but at least the terminology the hackers use is essentially right. The story may sound familiar.  The gaggle of teen-aged of hackers includes Dade aka Crash Override (Jonny Lee Miller), Kate aka Acid Burn (Angelina Jolie), and the show-stealing Cereal Killer (Matthew Lillard), among others. Together, the hackers have to foil the theft and avoid having numerous felony charges pinned on them, plus save the world from ecological disaster thanks to a Plague-written virus that capsizes oil tankers.
Whatever. The plot is pretty silly, thanks in part to the combined efforts of the ridiculous Stevens-Bracco combination, who you just can't stop laughing at. And of course, the premise is absurd, placing technology we probably won't see for another 15 years in the hands of kids. Every hacker worth his salt knows that it just isn't that easy to crack systems. At least Matthew Broderick had to resort to a lot of research.
But this is all beside the point, because the film is actually worthwhile. The real draw to HACKERS is that it is so unexpectedly *funny.* Really funny. The comic scenes with the kids (and there are lots of them) are totally hilarious. The "serious" scenes are too, because they are often so ridiculous. Watching the woefully miscast Bracco trying to pull off her role as "the sultry executive accessory to the crime" is worth the cost of admission alone.
In the end, seeing HACKERS is a lot like watching MTV for two hours. There's not a lot under the surface, the music is fast and loud, the camera shakes around a lot, but it's really colorful and generally fun.
RATING: ***
+-------------------------------+ |* Unquestionably awful | |** Sub-par on many levels | |*** Average, hits and misses | |**** Good, memorable film | |***** Perfection | +-------------------------------+
-Christopher Null /<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-Screenwriter & Novelist -Contributing Editor, Mike's FEEDBACK / Film Critic, Texas Business Weekly -[R]eply to be added to movie review mailing list
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WITNESS LIST Appropriations Committee (Subcommittee on Education) December 10, 1998-8:00A Performance Hearings & Year 2000 On: Bennett, Kem (TX Engineering Extension Service) Beran, Wayne (University of Houston - Victoria) Beverly, John (TX A&M University) Boggus, Tom (TX Forest Service) Bowen, Ray (TX A&M University) Buchanan, Richard (Baylor College of Dentistry) Castillo, Max (University of Houston - Downtown) Cisneros, Marc (TX A&M University - Kingsville) Eugster, Konrad (Texas Veterinary Diagnostic Lab) Friedland, Michael (TX A&M University) Furgason, Robert (TX A&M University - Corpus Christi) Haden, C. Roland (TX A&M University) Hensley, Stephen (TX A&M University - Texarkana) Hiler, Edward (TX A&M University) Hines, Charles (Prairie View A&M University) Jennett, Charles (TX A&M International) Kemp, Mike (TX A&M University - Galveston) Lee, Charles (TX A&M Health Science Center) Long, Russell (West TX A&M University) McCabe, Dennis (Tarleton State University) McFarland, Keith (TX A&M University - Commerce) Nunnley, Gary (TX Wildlife Damage Management Service) Richardson, Herbert (TX Transportation Institute) Sayavedra, Leo (Texas A&M System) Shomper, Charles (University of Houston System) Smith, Arthur (University of Houston) Staples,William (University of Houston - Clear Lake) Thompson, Barry (TX A&M University System) Trevino, Mary (TX A&M International University)


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--- title: "Docs: People" ---
The data of various groups of people - faculty, students, staff, etc. are in _data files_ in a format called YAML . For example, below is the beginning of the file faculty.html. This is the file that you must edit to update or correct data etc.
{% gist bacc0cfb16787181788a5ab4a5cf964c %}Each faculty member has a separate entry beginning with a hyphen, with all fields directly below the first (i.e., the format is based on indentation). The order of the fields does not matter.
Warning: The colon has a special meaning, so if an entry has a colon, enclose it in quotation marks.
Note that if a website is not specified for a faculty member, then it is assumed to be the standard website with url https://math.iisc.ac.in/~"user-id"
.
The other groups of people have similar pages, with the data in a YAML file in the data folder and the page itself using this data. Usually only the data file is updated, with the html file using this edited only for global changes. However, note that the defaults are different for different groups of people: for example, if a student's entry does not mention a website, it is assumed that the student does not have a website, so even the standard website if present should be given.
The actual Faculty web page is an html page with some templating (using Jekyll's _liquid_ templating language). Edit this if you want a change affecting all faculty members or the layout of the page. The source code is as below:
{% gist 10df36e52a84528dbf14e858a9a32036 %}The header, footer and navigation bar are included as the page uses the default layout.


{% autoescape true %}
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{% endautoescape %}