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java.lang.Object javax.swing.SpringLayout.Constraints
public static class SpringLayout.Constraints
A Constraints
object holds the
constraints that govern the way a component's size and position
change in a container controlled by a SpringLayout
.
A Constraints
object is
like a Rectangle
, in that it
has x
, y
,
width
, and height
properties.
In the Constraints
object, however,
these properties have
Spring
values instead of integers.
In addition,
a Constraints
object
can be manipulated as four edges
-- north, south, east, and west --
using the constraint
property.
The following formulas are always true
for a Constraints
object:
west = x north = y east = x + width south = y + heightNote: In this document, operators represent methods in the
Spring
class.
For example, "a + b" is equal to
Spring.sum(a, b)
,
and "a - b" is equal to
Spring.sum(a, Spring.minus(b))
.
See the
Spring
API documentation
for further details
of spring arithmetic.
Because a Constraints
object's properties --
representing its edges, size, and location -- can all be set
independently and yet are interrelated,
the object can become over-constrained.
For example,
if both the x
and width
properties are set
and then the east edge is set,
the object is over-constrained horizontally.
When this happens, one of the values
(in this case, the x
property)
automatically changes so
that the formulas still hold.
The following table shows which value changes
when a Constraints
object
is over-constrained horizontally.
| Value Being Set (method used) |
Result When Over-Constrained Horizontally ( x , width , and the east edge are all non-null ) |
|---|---|
x or the west edge ( setX or setConstraint ) |
width value is automatically set to east - x . |
width ( setWidth ) |
east edge's value is automatically set to x + width . |
| east edge ( setConstraint ) |
x value is automatically set to east - width . |
The rules for the vertical properties are similar:
| Value Being Set (method used) |
Result When Over-Constrained Vertically ( y , height , and the south edge are all non-null ) |
|---|---|
y or the north edge( setY or setConstraint ) |
height value is automatically set to south - y . |
height ( setHeight ) |
south edge's value is automatically set to y + height . |
| south edge ( setConstraint ) |
y value is automatically set to south - height . |
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
SpringLayout.Constraints()
Creates an empty Constraints object. |
|
SpringLayout.Constraints(Component c)
Creates a Constraints object with
suitable x , y , width and
height springs for component, c . |
|
SpringLayout.Constraints(Spring x,
Spring y)
Creates a Constraints object with the
specified values for its
x and y properties. |
|
SpringLayout.Constraints(Spring x,
Spring y,
Spring width,
Spring height)
Creates a Constraints object with the
specified values for its
x , y , width ,
and height properties. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
Spring |
getConstraint(String edgeName)
Returns the value of the specified edge. |
Spring |
getHeight()
Returns the value of the height property. |
Spring |
getWidth()
Returns the value of the width property. |
Spring |
getX()
Returns the value of the x property. |
Spring |
getY()
Returns the value of the y property. |
void |
setConstraint(String edgeName,
Spring s)
Sets the spring controlling the specified edge. |
void |
setHeight(Spring height)
Sets the height property,
which controls the height of a component. |
void |
setWidth(Spring width)
Sets the width property,
which controls the width of a component. |
void |
setX(Spring x)
Sets the x property,
which controls the x value
of a component's location. |
void |
setY(Spring y)
Sets the y property,
which controls the y value
of a component's location. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public SpringLayout.Constraints()
Constraints
object.
public SpringLayout.Constraints(Spring x, Spring y)
Constraints
object with the
specified values for its
x
and y
properties.
The height
and width
springs
have null
values.
x
- the spring controlling the component's x valuey
- the spring controlling the component's y valuepublic SpringLayout.Constraints(Spring x, Spring y, Spring width, Spring height)
Constraints
object with the
specified values for its
x
, y
, width
,
and height
properties.
Note: If the SpringLayout
class
encounters null
values in the
Constraints
object of a given component,
it replaces them with suitable defaults.
x
- the spring value for the x
propertyy
- the spring value for the y
propertywidth
- the spring value for the width
propertyheight
- the spring value for the height
propertypublic SpringLayout.Constraints(Component c)
Constraints
object with
suitable x
, y
, width
and
height
springs for component, c
.
The x
and y
springs are constant
springs initialised with the component's location at
the time this method is called. The width
and
height
springs are special springs, created by
the Spring.width()
and Spring.height()
methods, which track the size characteristics of the component
when they change.
c
- the component whose characteristics will be reflected by this Constraints object
NullPointerException
- if c
is null.| Method Detail |
|---|
public void setX(Spring x)
x
property,
which controls the x
value
of a component's location.
x
- the spring controlling the x
value
of a component's locationgetX()
,
SpringLayout.Constraints
public Spring getX()
x
property.
x
value
of a component's locationsetX(javax.swing.Spring)
,
SpringLayout.Constraints
public void setY(Spring y)
y
property,
which controls the y
value
of a component's location.
y
- the spring controlling the y
value
of a component's locationgetY()
,
SpringLayout.Constraints
public Spring getY()
y
property.
y
value
of a component's locationsetY(javax.swing.Spring)
,
SpringLayout.Constraints
public void setWidth(Spring width)
width
property,
which controls the width of a component.
width
- the spring controlling the width of this
Constraints
objectgetWidth()
,
SpringLayout.Constraints
public Spring getWidth()
width
property.
setWidth(javax.swing.Spring)
,
SpringLayout.Constraints
public void setHeight(Spring height)
height
property,
which controls the height of a component.
height
- the spring controlling the height of this Constraints
objectgetHeight()
,
SpringLayout.Constraints
public Spring getHeight()
height
property.
setHeight(javax.swing.Spring)
,
SpringLayout.Constraints
public void setConstraint(String edgeName, Spring s)
SpringLayout.NORTH
, SpringLayout.SOUTH
,
SpringLayout.EAST
, SpringLayout.WEST
.
edgeName
- the edge to be sets
- the spring controlling the specified edgegetConstraint(java.lang.String)
,
SpringLayout.NORTH
,
SpringLayout.SOUTH
,
SpringLayout.EAST
,
SpringLayout.WEST
,
SpringLayout.Constraints
public Spring getConstraint(String edgeName)
SpringLayout.NORTH
, SpringLayout.SOUTH
,
SpringLayout.EAST
, SpringLayout.WEST
.
edgeName
- the edge whose value
is to be returned
setConstraint(java.lang.String, javax.swing.Spring)
,
SpringLayout.NORTH
,
SpringLayout.SOUTH
,
SpringLayout.EAST
,
SpringLayout.WEST
,
SpringLayout.Constraints
|
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EPL: Man City Come From Behind To Beat Chelsea 2-1
by Donatus AnichukwuezeManchester City moved backed to third in the Premier League table on Saturday after coming from behind to claim a valuable 2-1 win at home to Chelsea.
Although the victory was marred by injury concerns for Rodri, David Silva and Sergio Aguero.
Chelsea opened the scoring through N’Golo Kante who was marking his 150th Chelsea appearance before City hit back to lead at the interval thanks to Kevin De Bruyne’s deflected strike and a fine solo effort from Riyad Mahrez.
After losing at title rivals Liverpool in their last game before the international break, City crucially got back to winning ways despite a strangely low-tempo performance at the Etihad Stadium, where three key players limped off during the second half.
Frank Lampard’s side defeat ended a six-game winning streak in the league and denied the Blues the chance to set a club record of eight straight victories away from home in all competitions.


Novo Nordisk launches diabetes treatment app for doctors in Bangladesh
by bdnews24.comDanish insulin maker Novo Nordisk has launched an Android app in Bangladesh to help doctors treat diabetes patients.
It has also unveiled a comprehensive diabetes treatment guideline, “Diabetes Care BADAS Guideline 2019”, prepared jointly by the Diabetic Association of Bangladesh or BADAS and Non-Communicable Diseases Control Programme of the Directorate General of Health Services.
Danish Ambassador in Dhaka Winnie Estrup Petersen, BADAS President Prof AK Azad Khan, General Secretary Md Sayef Uddin, and Novo Nordisk Managing Director Anand Shetty were present at the launch on Tuesday ahead of the World Diabetes Day on Nov 14.
Diabetes in adults is known as a lifestyle disease or Type-2 diabetes. Type-1 diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin.
Bangladesh does not have a national registry of diabetes patients, but estimates suggest there are 7 million people suffering from diabetes in the country. Of them, about 5 percent are Type-1 diabetes.
The new app known as “Diabetes Journey”, which only doctors can access, will guide them with accurate treatment plan once the patients’ details are given.
The app is updated with the diabetes treatment guidelines.
“The app will empower the physicians to take effective treatment decisions based on patients’ types and needs,” Prof Khan said.
The Novo Nordisk managing director said as a global leader in diabetes care, they have taken many initiatives to introduce digital approach in healthcare.
“The ‘Diabetes Journey’ application and the country’s first national diabetes patients’ registry (ongoing) are few examples of digitalisation in Bangladesh and aligned with the government’s vision for ‘Digital Bangladesh’,” he said.


Dependencies
The following table lists the 52 syntactic relations used in UD v2 for Mandarin Chinese, 36 of which are standard UD relations and 16 of which are specific to Mandarin Chinese.
- Note: The standard relation
expl
is not used.
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* The advmod
relation is used for modifiers not only of predicates but also of other modifier words.
acl
: clausal modifier of noun
acl
is used for clauses that modify a noun (in contrast to advcl which is used for clauses that modify a predicate). Clausal modifiers may precede the noun, and may be formed with (1) or without (2) the relativizer 的 de.      Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar. University of California Press.
advcl
: adverbial clause modifier
The adverbial clause modifier is a clause which modifies a predicate; in other words, it is a clausal adjunct. This includes subordinate clauses such as conditional clauses (2), temporal clauses (3), as well as purpose clauses (4), among others. The head is the main predicate of the main clause, while the dependent is the main predicate of the modifying clause.

   This is because when the verb is negated, 不 bù precedes the verb immediately, after the auxiliary (7).      _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
advmod:df
: duration or frequency adverbial modifier
The relation advmod:df
is used for a noun phrase usually headed by a classifier expressing the duration or the frequency of the event expressed by the main predicate. The duration (1) and frequency (2) phrases can be post-verbal as well as pre-verbal (3-4).
     The dependent comes immediately after the head.
There are three situations in Mandarin for which we apply the appos
relation.  In the case that the secondary noun is in front, either dislocated or vocative may apply instead.
   In Mandarin this relation is used for preverbal auxiliaries as well as post-verbal aspect markers. The passive auxiliary 被 bèi, however, should use aux:pass.
      _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
“Long passive” constructions where 被 bèi is followed by a noun expressing the agent are considered adpositional phrases, in which case the relation obl:agent is used and 被 bèi is annotated as a case dependent with an ADP tag. Etymologically, the two passive constructions appear to have likely followed different grammaticalization paths, hence the different treatments in the tagging and annotation of the two.
case
: case marking
The case relation for Mandarin Chinese is applied to various particles that mark non-clausal dependents, including the genitive 的 de (1); prepositions (2, 3), including “coverbs” (4); and the valence markers 把 bǎ and 將 jiāng (5) in “BA constructions” (see obl:patient); the comparative 比 bǐ (6); and 被 bèi in “long passive” constructions where the agent is mentioned (7).
Note that 的 de has other grammaticalized functions that require the mark:rel relation instead.
     _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
case:loc
: postpositional localizer
We treat localizers (方位詞 fāngwèicí) as postpositions which typically denote spatial locations analogous to adpositions or case markers in some languages, although a few localizers have further grammaticalized functions denoting temporal and other non-spatial concepts. (See ADP for a list of localizers.)
The head of the localizer is the noun or the main verb of the clause preceding it. Localizers are always tagged ADP (adposition). When it follows a noun, it receives the case:loc
relation label.       For example, the verb 覺得 juédé may mean “feel, think, consider” or “feel a sensation”.     In these constructions 是 shì is considered the head, and the verb phrase or clause following it its clausal complement. Any noun phrase or adverbial to the left of 是 shì is treated as a dislocated dependent of 是 shì (rather than subject, adjunct, or oblique nominal of the complement clause), unless the adverbial is meant to modify 是 shì itself. Note that clausal subjects to the left of 是 shì are also treated as dislocated.   _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
Subject-less ccomp
vs. subject-control xcomp
It may be difficult sometimes to differentiate between (i) ccomp
with the subject of the complement clause (non-obligatorily) dropped and (ii) a case of subject-control xcomp
where the subject is obligatorily absent.
One can reinsert a subject into the complement clause as a test to separate the above two situations. If the result is perfectly grammatical AND the meaning of the matrix verb does not change, it is likely situation (i) where the clausal complement should be linked to the matrix verb with ccomp
(as shown in 2’ below). Otherwise, if the sentence becomes ungrammatical OR the meaning of the matrix verb changes, then it would likely be situation (ii) with xcomp
(as shown in 3’ below). In the following sentences, the reinserted subjects are emphasized, the matrix verbs italicized, and the complement clauses in brackets:
- (2’)
- 你 有 否 覺得 [房間 很 臭]？ (cf. 2)
- 2SG AUX NEG think [room very stinky]
- “Do you think the room is very stinky?”
- grammatical
- AND matrix verbs in (2) and (2’) have the same meaning
- CONCLUSION: matrix verb 覺得 ‘think’ in (2) →
ccomp
- (3’)
- 我 覺得 [我 很 開心] (cf. 3)
- 1SG think [1SG very happy]
- “I think I’m very happy” (Unavailable: “I feel very happy” as seen in (3))
- grammatical
- BUT matrix verbs in (3) and (3’) have different meanings (“feel” vs. “think”, respectively)
- CONCLUSION: matrix verb 覺得 ‘feel’ in (3) →
xcomp
See xcomp for another test for differentiating between ccomp
and object-control xcomp
.
clf
: classifier
The clf
relation is used in noun phrases where a cardinal numeral (1,3), an ordinal numeral (2), or a determiner (4) modifying the head noun is accompanied by a classifier. The classifier is attached to the numeral if a numeral is present, or else to the determiner.      The feature NounType=Clf
is recommended for distinguishing classifiers from regular nouns.
compound
: compound
The compound
relation is used primarily for noun-noun compounds (for verb and verb-object compounds, see compound:dir, compound:ext, compound:vo, and compound:vv). This applies to any nominal preceding and modifying another nominal unless the relationship between the two is a possessive one (see nmod).   Some linguists argue that these verbs have grammaticalized into adposition-like particles in this [verb + directional verb] construction, with their particle semantics listed in parentheses below.
   _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
Directional verb compounds can have idiomatic meanings that make them similar to phrasal verbs in some European languages, where the directional verb (or particle) no longer necessarily refers to spatial direction or deixis.    _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
compound:ext
: extent and descriptive verb compound
This relation is used for two closely related constructions known in Chinese linguistics as “descriptive complements” and “complements of extent”. We treat them both in the same way with regards to the particle 得 de, where the particle is a compound:ext
dependent of the verb it follows (with the idea that the addition of 得 changes the valence structure of the verb such that it takes a(n additional) clause or secondary predicate as its complement.
      _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
compound:vo
: verb-object compound
The compound:vo
relation is used for verb-object compounds where the combination is semantically one unit but syntactically separate. These are known as 離合詞 lǐhécí “separable words” in Chinese linguistics.
These compounds run the range of:
- (i) light verb constructions where the noun carries more semantic weight than the verb
- e.g., 打␣電話 / dǎ-diànhuà hit-telephone “make a phone call”
- (equivalents of these in other languages may be labeled with
compound:lvc
)
- (ii) neither the verb or noun can be considered the semantic head (i.e., an exocentric compound)
- e.g., 讀␣書 / dú-shū read-book “study”
- (iii) situations where the verb carries the semantic weight over a relatively empty noun or the noun is semantically redundant
- e.g., 睡␣覺 / shuì-jiào sleep(verb)-sleep(noun) “sleep”
- in the example, the noun 覺 no longer has a modern lexical usage independently and the verb 睡 can be used on its own to convey the same meaning
All of the above cases have the same syntactic distribution, where the object behaves like a direct object of the verb. Verb-object compounds never take another object as direct object, and the object can be separated from the verb as in regular non-compound situations.
  _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
Note that when both the verb and the object are monosyllabic and they are adjacent without intervening material, they are treated as a single word in the tokenization/word segmentation stage.
compound:vv
: verb-verb compound
This relation is used for verb-verb and verb-adjective compounds where the second verb/adjective covers what are known as “resultative complements” and “phase complements” in Chinese linguistics. Here we will call them resultative and phase compounds to avoid confusion between the different definitions of “complement” between Chinese-specific terminology and general linguistics terminology.
A special feature of these compounds (as well as directional compounds; see compound:dir) is that the affirmative potential 得 de and negative potential 不 bù can intervene between the compound (see examples (2) and (5)). However, unlike directional compounds, this is the only situation in which the resultative and phase compounds can be separated.
    However, these second verbs have not fully grammaticalized and syntactically behave like the second verb in resultative compounds, and therefore are not considered the same as the postverbal aspect markers tagged as AUX.
    A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. University of California Press.
conj
: conjunct
A conjunct is a relation between two elements that are coordinated. The first conjunct is the head of all following conjuncts. However, any conjunction words (tagged CCONJ) and punctuation in between conjuncts depend on their immediately following conjunct.
      _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
In more formal registers, the negative adverb 否 fǒu may replace the NEG + VERB part of the VERB + NEG + VERB construction for certain (auxiliary) verbs (e.g., 是否 and 能否 instead of 是不是 and 能不能).    _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
Another special case where conj
is used is in the paired adjacent prepositional phrases indicating a span of distance, time, etc., introduced by prepositions such as 從… 到… / cóng dào “from… to…”, 由…    _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
For the cleft-like focus constructions with 是 and 是…的, see ccomp.
csubj
: clausal subject
The csubj
relation is the clausal counterpart to nsubj; when the subject of the sentence is a clause itself, this relation is used.     This may be because of a weird grammatical construction, or a limitation in conversion or parsing software. The use of dep
should be avoided as much as possible.
det
: determiner
The det
relation applies to the head of a nominal and its determiner. All determiners are tagged DET, and thus all words with the tag will be a det
dependent.     _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
discourse:sp
: sentence particle
Sentence particles, also commonly known as “sentence-final particles” in Chinese linguistics, occur at the end of clauses and sentences in Mandarin and have a wide range of functions including modifying the modality of a sentence or its proposition, and expressing discourse and pragmatic information. They are linked to the main predicate as discourse:sp
dependents (we place them under an extension of discourse
under a loose interpretation of “discourse”).
Common sentence-final particles in Mandarin include: 吧 ba, 的 de, 啦 la, 了 le, 嗎 ma, 嘛 ma, 呢 ne, 呀 ya, 罷了 bàle.    _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
To differentiate between the perfective aspect marker 了 and the sentence-final particle 了, one should define as sentence-final a 了 which is placed at the end of a clause or a sentence (though it may be followed by additional sentence-final particles), unless a clear context makes it possible to determine that it is the aspect marker. Before an object, adverbial of duration or frequency, and other non-sentence-final elements, 了 will always be annotated as an aspect marker with aux
.
dislocated
: dislocated elements
The dislocated
relation is used for elements that have been displaced from its regular syntactic position, often to the very front or back of the clause it resides within or of the whole sentence. This applies often to an argument of a clause that has been moved to the periphery for topic, focus, or similar types of effects.
    _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
fixed
: fixed multiword expression
The relation fixed
is used for function words and short adverbials that are composed of separate parts for which internal structure is either difficult to determine or does not make sense to annotate. The first element of the expression is the head which governs all the following elements.
Because written Chinese does not indicate word boundaries, function words and short adverbials that may have historically consisted of separate words are likely to be treated as a single token at the word segmentation stage. For this reason, this relation is unlikely to be used in Chinese text. However, we leave it as an optional label that may be used in exceptional cases where goeswith may be an unsatisfactory treatment.
flat
: flat multiword expression
The flat
relation is used to link names without internal structure (unlikely in Chinese names but may be found in fully transliterated foreign names; see 1), foreign phrases whose syntactic structure is not known or not meant to be analyzed (2), and dates (3).
This relation will be removed in the final delivery of the language data. The words connected by goeswith
will simply be fused together. For parser training purposes, however, we keep the relation so that the parser can learn to correct mistakenly separated tokens.  We use the goeswith
relation for such cases as well.     _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
list
: list
The list relation is used for chains of comparable items. In lists with more than two items, all items of the list should modify the first one. Informal and web texts often contain passages which are meant to be interpreted as lists but are parsed as single sentences.  If a construction can be easily analyzed using the grammatical relations of standard sentences, such as when there is overt coordination, then it should be analyzed with these more standard relations, even if it is laid out as a list typographically.
mark
: marker
The mark
relation applies to a function word that marks a subordinate clause. It can be distributed at its beginning (1,3) or at its end (2,4). We take a broad definition of “subordinate” to include adverbial clauses of any kind (see advcl).
For relative clauses, nominalized clauses, and adjectives formed with 的 de, see mark:rel.
 _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
nmod
: nominal modifier
The nmod
relation is used for nominal dependents of another noun or noun phrase and functionally corresponds to an attribute, or genitive (possessive) complement. In Mandarin, it is expressed with the 的 de particle, as in (1), between the preceding complement and the following head noun.     Ordinal numbers such as 第一 / dìyī “first” and 第二 / dìèr “second”, however, should be treated with amod
(and tagged ADJ
) to conform to UD guidelines.
 If a third argument, an indirect object without a preposition*, is present, that object is marked as iobj (2), but if the only object present is an indirect object, it is still marked as obj
(3).
     In Mandarin Chinese this may include prepositional phrases (1), preverbal coverb phrases where we treat the coverbs as prepositions (2), and comparative objects introduced by 比 bǐ (3). In each of these situations, the nominal is an obl
dependent of the predicate, and governs its marker (tagged as ADP in all cases) in a case
relation. For nominals introduced by 被 bèi and 把 bǎ, see obl:agent and obl:patient, respectively.
The relation can also be used for nominals that don’t include a nominal marker, specifically locational pronouns and nouns, such as 這裡 / zhèlǐ “here”, 那裡 / nàlǐ “there”, 前面 / qiánmiàn “front side” (4).      _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
For the “short passive” construction where the agent is absent, the function word 被 bèi is treated as a passive auxiliary (tagged AUX; see aux:pass).
obl:patient
: object in BA construction
The relation obl:patient
is used for the Mandarin “BA construction” (also known as the “disposal construction”).     _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
In the above example, the verb in the second clause is elided, and the subject 他 / tā “he” is promoted to head position of the second clause, whereas the head of the object, 咖啡 / kāfēi “coffee” in the noun phrase 三 杯 咖啡 / sān bēi kāfēi “three cups of coffee”, is connected to the promoted head as an orphan
dependent, rather than obj
(since 咖啡 / kāfēi “coffee” is not the object of 他 / tā “he” but of the elided verb).
The prefered order of promotion is as follows, depending on the relation of a word to its elided verb:
nsubj
>obj
>iobj
>obl
>advmod
>csubj
>xcomp
>ccomp
>advcl
.
Some other arguments, such as the subject in (2), may also be elided along with the verb in a subsequent clause. In the following example, the second clause only has the direct and indirect objects left.   _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
Ellipsis of the verb may also occur in a main clause when it follows a subordinate clause. In the following example, according to the head promotion hierarchy the subject of the main clause, 我 / wǒ “I”, is promoted to root. The object 五 個 / wǔ ge “five (of them)” as well as the adverb 也 / yě “also” are connected to the subject as orphan
dependents.    ‘The (Non-)Existence of Gapping in Chinese and Its Implications for the Theory of Gapping.’ Journal of East Asian Linguistics 10: 201. doi:10.1023/A:1011250802691
parataxis
: parataxis
Parataxis is a relation for “side-by-side sentences” including reported speech (1), parenthetical comments and clausal interjections (2), tag questions (3), and generally pairs of clauses that are pragmatically understood to be related in a discursive way despite lacking linking words between them (4).          _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
We follow the official UD principles in determining the head of punctuation marks:
- A punctuation mark separating coordinated units is attached to the following conjunct.
- A punctuation mark preceding or following a subordinated unit is attached to this unit.
- Within the relevant unit, a punctuation mark is attached at the highest possible node that preserves projectivity.
- Paired punctuation marks (e.g. quotes and brackets, sometimes also dashes, commas and other) should be attached to the same word unless that would create non-projectivity.        The disfluency is a dependent of the repair. Examples include false starts due to stuttering or a change in lexical choice.   _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
root
: root
The root of a sentence is the predicate of the main clause. This may be a verb (1), a predicate adjective (2), or a nominal in a copular construction (3). Sometimes only an auxiliary (see AUX) is present, in which case that will be promoted to root
(4).          _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
xcomp
: open clausal complement
The open clausal complement functions like an object of another verb, but unlike the ccomp dependent, it obligatorily lacks an overt subject. More crucially, the absent or “silent” subject is coreferent with an argument outside of the clausal complement in a higher clause (this is also known as “obligatory control” in some linguistic literature).
When the silent subject of xcomp
is obligatorily coreferent with the subject of the higher clause, it is known as “subject control”.   _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
In the case of “object control”, the subject of the clausal complement is obligatorily coreferent with the direct object of the higher clause. Many Chinese “pivotal constructions” are considered to fall under this category.  _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
Secondary predicates
Note that the complement may be simply a nominal predicate, where the structure should not be confused with a ditransitive verb requiring a direct object and an indirect object, such as the examples below.      _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
The predicate of the clausal complement is linked to the predicate adjective as an xcomp
dependent, whereas the noun phrase preceding the predicate adjective is treated as its syntactic subject (nsubj
) regardless of whether it can be semantically understood to be the subject or object of the clausal complement.
ccomp
vs. object-control xcomp
Since both ccomp
and object-control xcomp
may both contain an argument between the matrix verb and the embedded verb, confusion may arise as to which relation is appropriate.
We adopt a test from Chao (1968) which allows one to separate “clausal objects” (ccomp
) from “pivotal constructions” (object-control xcomp
). In the case of ccomp
, it is grammatical to dislocate the matrix verb with its subject to the end, while the same operation on an xcomp
sentence would result in ungrammaticality:
ccomp |
xcomp |
|
|---|---|---|
| 他 認為 你 有 禮貌 | 他 請 你 幫忙 | |
| 3SG consider 2SG have politeness | 3SG ask 2SG help | |
| “He thinks you’re polite” | “He asked you to help” | |
| OKAY: 你 有 禮貌, 他 認為 | BAD: * 你 幫忙, 他 請 |
References
- Chao, Yuan Ren. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. University of California Press.


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JavaScript Functions
This code calls a function which performs a calculation, and returns the result
Click me


Health Insurance Risk Calculator 2020
Kindustries, Inc.
Instructions
This application helps you determine the risk associated with insuring a new customer.
The application will ask you for the customer's body-mass index,
blood pressure, age, and family history of disease. After answering all of the questions,
the application will give you a final risk score as well as the customer's final risk category.
You are able to calculate and evaluate the risk scores of customers as many times as you would like.
What is the customer's age?
18 - 30 years old
31 - 45 years old
46 - 60 years old
61+ years old
What is the customer's weight?
90 lbs - 110 lbs
111 lbs - 130 lbs
131 lbs - 150 lbs
151 lbs - 170 lbs
171 lbs - 190 lbs
191 lbs - 210 lbs
211 lbs - 230 lbs
231 lbs - 250 lbs
251 lbs - 270 lbs
271 lbs - 290 lbs
What is the customer's height?
4' - 4'3"
4'4" - 4'6"
4'7" - 4'9"
4'10" - 5'
5'1" - 5'3"
5'4" - 5'6"
5'7" - 5'9"
5'10" - 6'
6'1" - 6'3"
6'4" - 6'6"
6'7" - 6'9"
6'10" - 7'
Calculate Body-Mass Index (BMI)
Based on the BMI given above, what range does your customer's BMI fall in?
10 - 24.9
25 - 29.9
30+
What is the customer's blood pressure?
Systolic mm Hg (upper number) is less than 120 and Diastolic mm Hg (lower number) is less than 80
Systolic mm Hg (upper number) is between 121 - 129 and Diastolic mm Hg (lower number) is less than 80
Systolic mm Hg (upper number) is between 130 - 139 or Diastolic mm Hg (lower number) is between 81 - 89
Systolic mm Hg (upper number) is between 140 - 179 or Diastolic mm Hg (lower number) is between 90 - 119
Systolic mm Hg (upper number) is 180+ or Diastolic mm Hg (lower number) is 120+
Does the customer's family have a history of diabetes?
No
Yes
Does the customer's family have a history of cancer?
No
Yes
Does the customer's family have a history of Alzhemer's?
No
Yes
Calculate Total Score and Risk Category


Brought In
Stretcher
Wheel-Chair
Walking
Trauma
Yes
No
Brought By
:
Relationship
:
Phone Number
:
Mode of Arrival :
Select..
Self
Referral
Triage Time
:
Triaged By
HA
Nurse
ER Course:
ER Course Description
:
Disposition :
Admitted
Discharge Home
Referral
LAMA
Death
Eloped
Instructions
Follow Up
:
Days
Weeks
Months
Remarks
:


Exercise 1: Examine an app containing repeated code
This lab will motivate the use of Resources and Styles. You will examine a pre-written app and find examples of repeated XAML and C# code.
To complete the exercise, you will need Visual Studio for Windows or macOS with the Xamarin development tools installed. You will also need either an emulator/simulator or a device to run the exercise on. Please see the setup page if you need help installing the Xamarin development environment.
Open the starter solution
Open the Exercise 1 > Start TipCalculator solution in your copy of the cloned or downloaded course materials with either Visual Studio for Windows or Visual Studio for Mac.
If you're using Visual Studio on Windows, you'll see all of the platform or head projects: iOS, Android and Windows. If you're using macOS, the Windows projects will be disabled (grayed out).
Find repeated XAML
Here you will locate several places where repeated XAML values are used.
- Run the app on any platform you prefer. Take a few minutes to work with the app so you understand how it behaves.
- Open StandardTipPage.xaml.
- Find the code that sets the background color of the root grid. Notice that a hard coded value is used.
- Find the code that sets the "left column" labels to navy/22/bold. Notice that these same values are used on three labels.
<!-- Left column = static labels -->
<Label x:Name="billLabel" Text="Bill" TextColor="Navy" FontSize="22" FontAttributes="Bold" ... />
<Label x:Name="tipLabel" Text="Tip" TextColor="Navy" FontSize="22" FontAttributes="Bold" ... />
<Label x:Name="totalLabel" Text="Total" TextColor="Navy" FontSize="22" FontAttributes="Bold" ... />
- Find the code that sets the "right column" labels to navy/22. Notice that these same values are used on two labels.
- Notice that some of the property settings seem to form a logical group. For example, the combination of navy/22 is used on multiple labels.
- Consider the difficulty of modifying the FontSize value. You would need to change it in five places which is error prone.
Find repeated code
The provided project implements a simplified version of "light" and "dark" color schemes for the StandardTipPage. Here, you will examine how this is coded.
- Open StandardTipPage.xaml.cs.
- Locate the two click handlers that update the UI colors.
void OnLight(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
LayoutRoot.BackgroundColor = Color.Silver;
tipLabel .TextColor = Color.Navy;
billLabel .TextColor = Color.Navy;
totalLabel .TextColor = Color.Navy;
tipOutput .TextColor = Color.Navy;
totalOutput.TextColor = Color.Navy;
}
void OnDark(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
...
}
- Notice how the code must update the colors for each control individually resulting in repeated code.
Exercise summary
In this exercise, you observed how difficult it is to maintain an app that contains repeated code. Subsequent exercises will use Resources and Styles to eliminate much of the repeated XAML.


- Sorry, it's Tuesday again.
- Last week was the last week before I started sleeping at the flat I bought. God, moving is stressful.
- I've moved across the U.S. myself 3 times, within cities a handful more at least. This move down the street brought me to my knees. At the bottom of a dark pit. I'm not well, you see.
- Purchasing this one particular place and moving into it has been a 10 month process which is not yet over as I do the remaining many tasks to get utilities set up and the old flat cleaned more than it was when I took it over because landlords are bastards. That's a long time to be stressed and have a lot of tasks.
- Plus, there's the health stuff, on its 8th month now. My appt last week was cancelled due to doctor strikes and I'm trying to beg for someone, somewhere, in some medical capacity, to talk to me. Talk to me about the infection showing up in my last blood tests. Talk to me about how the steroids are making me woozy and how much longer I need them for. When can I get a covid jab?
- I'm so tired. I need, please, to stop being in the middle of all of this still, I need some things to drop off the Life Admin list.
Published on — Tue Jul 18 2023


GoReactive
Simple yet powerful observable pattern framework
Provides a simple and powerful api for observable pattern, can also be extended easily
Installation
pod 'GoReactive'
Authors
Gal Orlanczyk
GoReactive Docs (100% documented)
Provides a simple and powerful api for observable pattern, can also be extended easily
pod 'GoReactive'
Gal Orlanczyk


08 March 2001
Disease Outbreak Reported
See previous reports: 28 February ; 20 February.
Chad: As of 4 March, WHO has reported 2317 cases and 267 deaths since the outbreak began in the last months of 2000. The Ministry of Health has responded by strengthening surveillance, providing public information and carrying out mass vaccinations in the affected areas. In support of the local health authorities, Médecins sans Frontières (MSF Belgium) is implementing mass vaccinations and strengthening case management in the préfectures of Moyen Chari and Mayo Kebbi.
Ethiopia: As of 2 March, a total of 1348 cases and 108 deaths have been reported from 40 districts spread across the country, involving 8 out of the 11 regions in Ethiopia. Most of those affected are below 30 years. The Ethiopian Ministry of Health's plan of action to control the epidemic includes strengthening surveillance activities, carrying out mass vaccinations in districts that have exceeded the epidemic threshold and health education activities. The Ministry is also coordinating activities with partners in country, including UNICEF, MSF (Belgium, France and Netherlands) and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent (IFRC). International support to the Ethiopian authorities has included the implementation of mass vaccinations, strengthening case management and support to surveillance activities. IFRC has launched an appeal for funds to vaccinate at least 1.5 million people.


Nightwatch (R) **
With two hot young stars (Ewan McGregor and Patricia Arquette), a stylish director, and a creepy premise based on a popular Danish thriller, Nightwatch built some buzz... back in October 1996, when it was originally slated to surface in theatres. A year and a half and many scrapped release dates later, Nightwatch is finally set to make its long-delayed screen bow, and this flat, predictable chiller will likely come and go so quickly some will wonder if it ever did come out.
The ever-amiable Scot McGregor struggles with an American accent as law student Martin Bells, who bravely accepts the nightwatchman gig at a morgue as a serial killer stalks the city. After more bodies and plot twists pile up, Martin finds himself the prime suspect in the case, earning the suspicion of his girlfriend Katherine (Arquette, completely wasted in the screaming galpal role), his best friend James (Josh Brolin), and police inspector Cray (Nick Nolte) as the real killer continues his rampage.
Writer-director Ole Bornedal, adapting his 1995 original, is a natural at creating atmosphere. Martin's first few scenes in the morgue, with its creaky elevator, long hallway, locked room with vats of body parts, and stark white room with alarm cords hanging over the dead bodies (in case they "wake up") are downright skincrawling. Ironically, this grim, daunting atmosphere of fear and dread disappears when the serial killer plot comes to the forefront. This is mainly because the so-called mystery is so incredibly predictable. One character is set so obviously set up as a possibility early on that the person might as well have "red herring" tattooed on the forehead, and when the killer's identity is revealed, it's an anticlimax--there is no surprise. And the overdone climax, with the killer wielding a buzzsaw as two characters lie helplessly tied to operating tables, inspired guffaws rather than shrieks from the audience.
According to the press notes, Bornedal's original Nightwatch "broke all Danish box-office records." I can only hope that that version is much scarier than the American Nightwatch, or else Denmark's cinematic taste is just about as notoriously bad as France's. (opens April 17)
Michael Dequina Chat Forum Host, The Official Michael Jordan Web Site http://jordan.sportsline.com
<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>>My personal WWW sites< Mr. Brown's Movie Site: http://welcome.to/mrbrown Michael Jordan Beyond the Court: http://fly.to/michaeljordan A Michael Jordan Fan's Heartbreak: http://fly.to/mj23 Personal Page: http://welcome.to/w3md >Other WWW sites I work on< CompuServe Hollywood Hotline: http://www.HollywoodHotline.com Albany Online: http://www.AlbanyOnline.com Eyepiece Network: http://www.eyepiece.com
"I didn't know what to expect. It's like something you chase for so long, but then you don't know how to react when you get it. I still don't know how to react." --Michael Jordan, on winning his first NBA championship in 1991 ...or, my thoughts after meeting him on November 21, 1997
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
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to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


public abstract class PersistenceDelegate extends Object
readObject
and writeObject
methods used by the ObjectOutputStream
, streams like
the XMLEncoder
which
use this delegation model can have their behavior controlled
independently of the classes themselves. Normally, the class
is the best place to put such information and conventions
can easily be expressed in this delegation scheme to do just that.
Sometimes however, it is the case that a minor problem
in a single class prevents an entire object graph from
being written and this can leave the application
developer with no recourse but to attempt to shadow
the problematic classes locally or use alternative
persistence techniques. In situations like these, the
delegation model gives a relatively clean mechanism for
the application developer to intervene in all parts of the
serialization process without requiring that modifications
be made to the implementation of classes which are not part
of the application itself.
In addition to using a delegation model, this persistence
scheme differs from traditional serialization schemes
in requiring an analog of the writeObject
method without a corresponding readObject
method. The writeObject
analog encodes each
instance in terms of its public API and there is no need to
define a readObject
analog
since the procedure for reading the serialized form
is defined by the semantics of method invocation as laid
out in the Java Language Specification.
Breaking the dependency between writeObject
and readObject
implementations, which may
change from version to version, is the key factor
in making the archives produced by this technique immune
to changes in the private implementations of the classes
to which they refer.
A persistence delegate, may take control of all aspects of the persistence of an object including:
XMLEncoder
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
PersistenceDelegate() |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
protected void |
initialize(Class<?> type,
Object oldInstance,
Object newInstance,
Encoder out)
Produce a series of statements with side effects on
newInstance
so that the new instance becomes equivalent to oldInstance . |
protected abstract Expression |
instantiate(Object oldInstance,
Encoder out)
Returns an expression whose value is
oldInstance . |
protected boolean |
mutatesTo(Object oldInstance,
Object newInstance)
Returns true if an equivalent copy of
oldInstance may be
created by applying a series of statements to newInstance . |
void |
writeObject(Object oldInstance,
Encoder out)
The
writeObject is a single entry point to the persistence
and is used by a Encoder in the traditional
mode of delegation. |
public void writeObject(Object oldInstance, Encoder out)
writeObject
is a single entry point to the persistence
and is used by a Encoder
in the traditional
mode of delegation. Although this method is not final,
it should not need to be subclassed under normal circumstances.
This implementation first checks to see if the stream
has already encountered this object. Next the
mutatesTo
method is called to see if
that candidate returned from the stream can
be mutated into an accurate copy of oldInstance
.
If it can, the initialize
method is called to
perform the initialization. If not, the candidate is removed
from the stream, and the instantiate
method
is called to create a new candidate for this object.
oldInstance
- The instance that will be created by this expression.out
- The stream to which this expression will be written.NullPointerException
- if out
is null
protected boolean mutatesTo(Object oldInstance, Object newInstance)
oldInstance
may be
created by applying a series of statements to newInstance
.
In the specification of this method, we mean by equivalent that the modified instance
is indistinguishable from oldInstance
in the behavior
of the relevant methods in its public API. [Note: we use the
phrase relevant methods rather than all methods
here only because, to be strictly correct, methods like hashCode
and toString
prevent most classes from producing truly
indistinguishable copies of their instances].
The default behavior returns true
if the classes of the two instances are the same.
oldInstance
- The instance to be copied.newInstance
- The instance that is to be modified.newInstance
may be
created by applying a series of mutations to oldInstance
.protected abstract Expression instantiate(Object oldInstance, Encoder out)
oldInstance
.
This method is used to characterize the constructor
or factory method that should be used to create the given object.
For example, the instantiate
method of the persistence
delegate for the Field
class could be defined as follows:
Field f = (Field)oldInstance; return new Expression(f, f.getDeclaringClass(), "getField", new Object[]{f.getName()});Note that we declare the value of the returned expression so that the value of the expression (as returned by
getValue
)
will be identical to oldInstance
.oldInstance
- The instance that will be created by this expression.out
- The stream to which this expression will be written.oldInstance
.NullPointerException
- if out
is null
and this value is used in the methodprotected void initialize(Class<?> type, Object oldInstance, Object newInstance, Encoder out)
newInstance
so that the new instance becomes equivalent to oldInstance
.
In the specification of this method, we mean by equivalent that, after the method
returns, the modified instance is indistinguishable from
newInstance
in the behavior of all methods in its
public API.
The implementation typically achieves this goal by producing a series of
"what happened" statements involving the oldInstance
and its publicly available state. These statements are sent
to the output stream using its writeExpression
method which returns an expression involving elements in
a cloned environment simulating the state of an input stream during
reading. Each statement returned will have had all instances
the old environment replaced with objects which exist in the new
one. In particular, references to the target of these statements,
which start out as references to oldInstance
are returned
as references to the newInstance
instead.
Executing these statements effects an incremental
alignment of the state of the two objects as a series of
modifications to the objects in the new environment.
By the time the initialize method returns it should be impossible
to tell the two instances apart by using their public APIs.
Most importantly, the sequence of steps that were used to make
these objects appear equivalent will have been recorded
by the output stream and will form the actual output when
the stream is flushed.
The default implementation, calls the initialize
method of the type's superclass.
type
- the type of the instancesoldInstance
- The instance to be copied.newInstance
- The instance that is to be modified.out
- The stream to which any initialization statements should be written.NullPointerException
- if out
is null
Dracula Javadoc Sample, Made with Allan Im.


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