Since it's first appearance in 2009, the term "Deep Web" has designated the non-indexed parts of the World Wide Web, that is by standard search engine. Using the development of a FOSS anonymity network software called TOR, a whole digital world was born
and has been growing ever since. Making the best out of the anonymity provided to them, TOR users have, over the time, developed complex infrastructure in this deep web to make the discussion, the advertisement and the
traffic of any service or item that would be deemed illegal by local authorities, accessible to all.
With this new kind of distribution network, law enforcement had to adapt their working approach in order to try and regulate these new illicit markets. On 5 and 6 November 2014 an international law enforcement operation targeting darknet markets and other hidden
services operating on the Tor network was launch, Operation Onymous, the operation involved the combined efforts of police forces from 17 countries, more than 400 sites were closed and 17 arrests were made.
If the anonymity factor remains intact, tools have been developed to scrape and archive most services available on the TOR network. From forums to marketplaces, including search engines, messaging services, etc. This Project
will try to get an overview of the impact of huge raids such as Operation Onymous on the darknet uses, focusing on one marketplace that survived the operation, Agora market.
We will first examine the impact of Onymous on the products listed on Agora Market. A first intuition would be that a large-scale police operation on an illegal market can frighten its actors and thus impact its activity. We will focus here on the evolution of the number of products available in the market, the different types of products, their prices and finally, we will try to understand if this operation had an impact on the import/export shipping of the products, and finally if the sellers were more cautious with the countries they shipped their products to.
Here we propose to study the amount of products available over time. We can see a sharp drop in the number of listings just at the time the Operation Onymous took place. However, it goes back to its previous value very quickly, in less than a week. If we look at the graph over a longer period, we see that this drop is relatively small and is only one event among several market fluctuations. THus, despite an initial decrease in the number of products available right after the fact, Operation Onymous does not seem to make a significant impact on this matter on a global scale.
We then decided to break down the products into categories and see if all were all affected by the Operation Onymous in the same way on their availability. Again, we find that the operation led to a decrease in the listing population, but all categories seem to follow the same evolution and grow back rather quickly after the small drop in value following Onymous. The only category that significantly changed in population in comparison to before the operation is "Other", which regroups miscellaneous products, but no general observation can easily be made as the product's type in it are many and unrelated to one another.
The evolution of the price of the product is an interesting aspect to examine after these first observations. Since the trade is in Bitcoin, a crypto currency with a very fluctuating value, we convert the price into USD, based on the exchange rate of the corresponding day. Counter-intuitively, the price seems to decrease after the Operation Onymous. The overall trend after the operation is clearly a decrease, where it was a clear increase before the Operation Onymous.
We then turned our attention to the origin of the products and export flows. Intuitively, we could expect that this kind of policing operation would have an impact on the number of products exported abroad or from/to some countries in particular.
In the chord-diagram below we can observe the flows of products available on Agora Market before and after Onymous. The diagram is composed of 5 circular arcs, each one representing a geographical area, the length of every arc represents the proportion of products sent from this area. Between every two arcs are represented flows and the width of the projection of each flow on an arc represents the proportion of product sent from this arc's region to the other's. Finally, the fluxes take the colour of the arc that sends the most product. You can click on one of the continents to view the details of its exports.
| Sent to | Number of products | Proportion |
|---|---|---|
| America | 10000 | 100000 |
| Asia | 10000 | 100000 |
| Europe | 10000 | 100000 |
| Oceania | 10000 | 100000 |
| Others | 10000 | 100000 |
| Total | 100000 |
↓
Operation Onymous
↓
We can see here that the two main global players are Europe and the United States of America, they share more than 65% of the market. If we look at the proportion of products with only national shipping options, it appears that some areas are more focused on those domestic transactions than others, namely Oceania which sends approximately 70% of its products to Oceania and Europe which exports approximately 70% of its products to other areas, this could be explained by the strict control policy of the country's customs in this region. Unfortunately these proportions seems to be unaffected by Operation Onymous, Europe has lost part of its market share to the United States but overall the figures remain the same. This analysis is however to be taken with caution as only a small part of the products have a country of origin and destination values in the dataset.
If we take a closer look at the import/export traffic, we can see one clear trend after the Onymous strike in the exportation plot. Indeed, clear fall in worldwide exportations seems to happen right after the event. As the breakup is clear, one could assume it's the result of sellers getting scared of their vulnerability in the operation's fallout, and changing to a more local and less exposed way of doing business. However this trend seems to be a one-time event as, since, the number of worldwide exportations has been growing back again only 1 month after the Operation Onymous.
We can also notice the minor simultaneous drops in the product origin plot, however these drops are consequences of drops in the total number of product available on Agora and should not be considered in this part of the analysis. Nonetheless, similarly to a previous remark, this fluctuation could be part of the usual fluctuation of the market as well as a noise due to the variable quality of the data available one day from another.
Unfortunately, this analysis is quite limited in the conclusions that can be drawn from it concerning any aspect that would have evolved in reaction to operation Onymous. However, it seems the global and lasting impact on the traffic itself, at least on the Agora platform. One could thus infer, from the quick restoration of the listing population and the absence of significant impact on the items median prices, that this operation merely scratched the surface of this new network of illicit online traffic platforms. Nevertheless, the operation had a short term impact on this community, as seen from the listing's temporary drop in number, probably a firect consequence on the many arrestation that took place in the operation.
We saw that the Onymous operation resulted in a temporary drop in the number of products. To understand why this number decreased, we analyzed the number of active vendors on Agora. A vendor is considered "active" on a given day if he has products to sell at that time. Conversely, the sellers whose products are missing from a given date and forward are considered inactive from that date. It appears that, around the moment Onymous took place, more than 27% (311) of the active vendors before it stopped undefinitely their activity afterward. The total number of vendor on the market then never recovered until july 2015 when the website was seized and permanently closed.
Operation Onymous had an huge impact on the number of vendors on the Agora market and one could then wonder how the number of products listed on agora recovered so quickly. First of all, we notice here that the vendors that left after Onymous are, in majority, small suppliers (~8 products to sell) compare to those who stayed (with ~20 listed products). In addition, we find that the number of products listed by these large suppliers is growing faster than the rest of the suppliers after Onymous.
While the Onymous operation has had a significant negative impact on the total number of suppliers in the Agora market, it has also closed other large markets -such as Silkroad . Thus, we can ask ourselves if the closing of these markets entailed users to move to Agora. We can see here that this is not the case, the number of daily new suppliers, offering at least one product, is relatively stable, about 5 per day. A vendor is considered new the day when he publishes is first product.
We saw that the Onymous operation had a significant impact on the suppliers of Agora Market, a lot of small vendors retired after this operation. However, the operation didn't seem to impact the big suppliers of Agora. We assumed that these conclusion are true for other market such as Silkroad : the small suppliers left after it was close and the big suppliers continue their deals on other platforms. But if this is the case, how can we explain that we don't see any upward trend in the number of new suppliers after the operation on Agora ? We made the assumption that it was because most of the big suppliers had already an account on several market. We compared the username of the suppliers present on Agora and Silkroad before Onymous and found out that 15% of them had an account on both market. In order to compare address the potential issue of vendors having a slightly different username depending on the market, names were cleaned beforehand and a pair was considered to be a match with a comparison tolerating a hamming distance of at most 1.
Here we let you play with our dataset, to dig yourself inside the Agora market data. Every chart is parametrable, you can try different filters, if you click for example on Counterfeits in the top five category, you will see all the data updated accordingly, see that a lot of this products are sent from Asia. You can also select a range of dates by click and drag with the bottom charts.
In conclusion, we can say that this analysis portrayed an operation inducing very small damages to its target, considering the market itself grew back to its initial size in about a month. The same could be said for the seized goods, not large enough to affect their price globally. However it seems to have induced interesting changes into the vendors behavior : the small suppliers seemed to quit the market while the bigger ones grew in importance. One could then wonder if the operation was a success since it reduce the number of vendors but at the same time making room for the bigger ones to strenghten their position.


This page is here to concisely demonstrate the ways in which I can be
valuable to potential clientèle, who may be interested in my services
for long- and short-term contract opportunities. As you may notice, I
have diversified my skill-set, so that I can approach problems from a
unique perspective. I will often see an angle to a problem that others
don't see because of my wide field of study.
However, because of that, I may have skills that are not relevant to your needs, so I've organized by general category to help you to quickly find the skills most relevant to you. Simply click the category you find most relevant to expand it. If you have any questions, or to set up an interview, I can be reached at the above contact information.
However, because of that, I may have skills that are not relevant to your needs, so I've organized by general category to help you to quickly find the skills most relevant to you. Simply click the category you find most relevant to expand it. If you have any questions, or to set up an interview, I can be reached at the above contact information.
Technology +
Technology -
I am highly proficient in the full Linux deployment stack, from server to
desktop and back to web. My primary home desktop/server machine is running
Ubuntu 18.04 server with i3 desktop. Linux administration is definitely my
strongest skill, and in front of this machine is where I spend most of my
time.
Programming +
Programming -
I study programming with great interest on a daily basis, usually for
several hours a day. These are some languages and frameworks I consider
myself proficient in:
I find API development most compelling right now. There are tools that I feel that should exist -- like access to high-level, statically-compiled lanugaes and frameworks like Go, or Crystal. Like high-level access to a cross-platform desktop GUI framework. The more accessible these high- level frameworks become, the higher quality our software will be in general. This interest extends as well to specific-use APIs, IPC or client-server protocols, and bot development, all of which I've been dabbling in lately.
- Go -- Web APIs and CLI using standard library. I have a couple negroni/gorilla middlware modules that are under development as well.
- Crystal -- I've never seen Crystal code I couldn't understand just by reading. My language of choice for personal projects
- Python -- Web APIs using Flask, some web scraping using BeautifulSoup4, general scripting that involves math or complex input cases that bash/sh isn't as good at handling
- Javascript -- JQuery (this site); ReactJS; nodeJS
- sh/bash
- Ruby
- PyQt
- Kotlin
- Java
I find API development most compelling right now. There are tools that I feel that should exist -- like access to high-level, statically-compiled lanugaes and frameworks like Go, or Crystal. Like high-level access to a cross-platform desktop GUI framework. The more accessible these high- level frameworks become, the higher quality our software will be in general. This interest extends as well to specific-use APIs, IPC or client-server protocols, and bot development, all of which I've been dabbling in lately.
Systems Administration +
Systems Administration -
My experience also extends to manual and automated deployments of
Linux in various environments, be it desktop, server, or otherwise.
I maintain a number of web services for personal use, including the
interactive version of this resume page, all of which I host with
open-source solutions on Linux. I’ve even experimented with
creating full-deployment automation scripts. Currently I use
docker-compose on a single Linux server, which is adequate for my
needs, but I’m familiar with many other virtualization,
containerization, and deployment concepts. Security awareness is
always a high priority when dealing with online interactions,
and all my sites get A+ ratings from SSLLabs.
Other technologies +
Other technologies -
My interest in and experience with technology goes back all the way
into my childhood. I’ve always liked to take it all apart and see how
it works. I started learning how HTML and the web works at 10, wrote my
first programs in the library before school in 7th grade. I had an
under-the-table job at 14 fixing TVs and VCRs, and I’ve never stopped
studying. I have some knowledge of SQL and database management, as well
as working knowledge of version-control systems and continuous
integration/automated deployment solutions.
Transportation +
Transportation -
My largest range of official experience is in the transportation industry.
I have around three years of professional experience. I prefer to drive a
manual transmission vehicle, do my own maintenance, and am comfortable
behind the wheel of large vehicles as well as small.
- DDC4 Certified - an accredited defensive driving course from the National Safety Council
- Pizza delivery for Pizza Bellagio (2014-2015), Pizza Hut (2014-2015), Nonni's Pizza (2015), Pizza Rivera (2016), and Luciano's Pizza (2016)
- Courier/Package delivery for American Expediting (2016) and Amazon (2016-2017)
- Livery/Cab driver for Yellow Cab, Lyft (both 2016), and Uber (2015-2016)
- Driver Helper at United Parcel Service (2012)
- Internal Technical Support, Tier I, for Innosource, Inc., under contract with FedEx
Photography and Video +
Photography and Video -
I have been working with digital photography and videography quite
steadily for the past several years, and it's been a passing interest
most of my life. There were a lot of broken cameras when I was younger
so there was a lot of time that I held an interest and studied it,
but didn't have the equipment to experiment with it, until more recently.
I also have studied framing and composition throughout my life
including times when I did not have a camera.
I have been contracted for some small photography contracts, and enjoy
and understand that work. I can do my own lighting, and editing as well
as film video. I have a thorough understanding of lighting, framing, and
the general concepts used to create aesthetic photographs. I don’t pursue
this actively as a career but am able and willing to offer photography
services.
Education +
Education -
- Graduated from Burrell High School in Lower Burrell, PA; class of 2011.
- Attended some college at Westmoreland County Community Colllege and the community College of Allegheny County, but I decided that it would be wiser to devote my time to less structured educational endeavors.
Relevant Equipment +
Relevant Equipment -
- Transportion
- 2009 Honda Civic
- Technology
- My primary machine is an HP Proliant G6 server, running Ubuntu 18.04. I use it largely for development, and host my sites currently on a public cloud instance, but I am in the process of migrating to a serving VM instead. Most of my storage lies on a separate machine connected via NFS.
- Old HP laptop running Ubuntu 17.10
- A Google Nexus 6 running the latest LineageOS (Anroid 7.1)
- An old tower running Debian Stretch with Docker for NextCloud.
- Raspberry Pi Model B
- Arduino Uno
- A few vintage pieces and a lot of spare parts
- Photography
- Nikon D3300 with 18-55mm lens
- Tripod
- Lighting apparatuses


Photo Template
A photo caption.
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Harness
$24.99
- Type: Dog
- Size: Medium
- Color: Strawberry
2
Harness
$24.99
- Type: Dog
- Size: Medium
- Color: Strawberry
Food & Drink Storage
$10.99
- Type: Dog
- Size: Medium
- Color: Strawberry


WITNESS LIST Veteran Affairs & Military Installations Committee April 23, 2001 - 1:00P HB 271 ON: Oldmixon, Douglas Deputy Commissioner (Texas Veterans Land Board), Austin, TX HCR 11 FOR: Bier, Samuel Legislative Chairman (Disabled American Veterans), Austin, TX HCR 119 FOR: Bier, Samuel Legislative Chairman (Capital City Chapter Ex-Prisoners of War), Austin, TX SB 1160 ON: Oldmixon, Douglas Deputy Commissioner (Texas Veterans Land Board), Austin, TX SB 1558 ON: Christoferson, James Director (Office of Defense Affairs), Austin, TX SB 1815 FOR: Messbarger, Dick Vice Chair (Texas Defense, Aviation, and Aerospace Alliance), Kingsville, TX ON: Christoferson, James Director (Office of Defense Affairs), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: On: Pinkley, Craig Director of Finance (Texas Department of Economic Development), Austin, TX


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Introductions to all the key parts of Django you’ll need to know:
mod_wsgi
Form
File
Vary
MIDDLEWARE
condition
SECRET_KEY
send_mail()
send_mass_mail()
mail_admins()
mail_managers()
EmailMessage
Paginator
InvalidPage
Page
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE
Writing your first patch for Django
How to install Django
Oct 01, 2019


#include <TunnelInterface.h>
Inheritance diagram for WFAPI::TunnelInterface:
Public Member Functions | |
| virtual | ~TunnelInterface () |
| void | addTunnelListener (TunnelListener *listener) |
| void | removeTunnelListener (TunnelListener *listener) |
| AsynchronousStatus | requestData (WFString destURL, WFString parameter, WFString clientVersion) |
| AsynchronousStatus | requestData (WFString destURL) |
| TunnelInterfaceImpl * | getImpl () |
This interface can also be used for requesting data used for the implementation of the service window. When implementing the service window the first call when requesting data needs to be AsynchronousStatus requestData(destURL, parameter, clientVersion), this is because it is adding neccessary parameters to the url that is needed to start the flow of the service window correctly.
When requesting further data, it is ok to request it through the AsynchronousStatus requestData(destURL) function.
| virtual WFAPI::TunnelInterface::~TunnelInterface | ( | ) | [virtual] |
Destructor.
| void WFAPI::TunnelInterface::addTunnelListener | ( | TunnelListener * | listener | ) |
Add a listener for billing events.
| listener | The TunnelListener to add. It may not be deleted until it is removed by calling removeTunnelListener. |
| TunnelInterfaceImpl* WFAPI::TunnelInterface::getImpl | ( | ) |
Internal function.
| void WFAPI::TunnelInterface::removeTunnelListener | ( | TunnelListener * | listener | ) |
Remove a listener.
| listener | The TunnelListener to remove. It should now be deleted by caller, unless caller keeps it around for later use. |
| AsynchronousStatus WFAPI::TunnelInterface::requestData | ( | WFString | destURL | ) |
To request data from the server through the core.
| destURL | The URL for the data to request. |
| AsynchronousStatus WFAPI::TunnelInterface::requestData | ( | WFString | destURL, | |
| WFString | parameter, | |||
| WFString | clientVersion | |||
| ) |
To request data from the server through the core.
| destURL | The URL for the data to request. | |
| parameter | Additional parameters to add to the URL. | |
| clientVersion | The application's version. |


--Select--
Name
Class:
---
Rarity:
---
Stars:
#
Max Lvl:
#
Cost:
#
ATK:
#
HP:
#
Skill:
---
BattleSkill:
---
Story:
---


We launched scshow!
Please Click here!
For using scshow, you need Gunma University IT Account (@gunma-u.ac.jp)!


The base PSBLAS library contains the implementation of two simple preconditioning techniques:
The supporting data type and subroutine interfaces are defined in the module psb_prec_mod. The old interfaces psb_precinit and psb_precbld are still supported for backward compatibility


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block title_block %} - Register {% endblock title_block %} {% block style_block %} {% endblock style_block %} {% block body_block %}
Username can contain any letters or numbers, without spaces
Please provide your E-mail
Password should be at least 8 characters
Please confirm password


st7789 display
Display example
Note: I think you need to connect the 5V, just connecting the SWD cable (3.3V) is likely not enough to light up the leds While connecting 5V, do not connect 3.3V
The watch has background leds for the LCD.
They need to be on (LOW) to visualize the display.
replace the display sample with the one in this repo
$ cp (this repo)st7789 ~/zephyrproject/zephyr/samples/display
building an image, which can be found under the build directory
$ west build -p -b pinetime samples/display/st7789v
once the compilation is completed you can upload the firmware ~/zephyrproject/zephyr/build/zephyr/zephyr.bin
if all goes well, you should see some coloured squares on your screen


To enable this feature the public variable debug should be set to true.
When this variable is enabled a file named jqGrid.log is created in the directory where your script reside.
In order to ilustarte this we again will use our example.
There is no special requierment wheere to put the debug option. It should just be called after the grid is created.
Now the PHP code should look like this
<?php require_once 'jq-config.php'; // include the jqGrid Class require_once "php/jqGrid.php"; // include the PDO driver class require_once "php/jqGridPdo.php"; // Connection to the server $conn = new PDO(DB_DSN,DB_USER,DB_PASSWORD); // Create the jqGrid instance $grid = new jqGrid($conn); // enable debugging $grid->debug = true; // Write the SQL Query $grid->SelectCommand = 'SELECT OrderID, OrderDate, CustomerID, Freight, ShipName FROM orders'; $grid->dataType = "json"; $grid->queryGrid(); ?>
After runnig the html file a file jqGrid.log will be created with the following structure:
Executed 2 query(s) - 2010-02-13 16:39:34 Array ( [0] => Array ( [time] => 2010-02-13 16:39:34 [query] => SELECT COUNT(*) AS COUNT FROM orders [data] => [types] => [fields] => [primary] => [input] => ) [1] => Array ( [time] => 2010-02-13 16:39:34 [query] => SELECT OrderID, OrderDate, CustomerID, Freight, ShipName FROM orders ORDER BY OrderID asc LIMIT 0, 10 [data] => [types] => [fields] => [primary] => [input] => ) )
This tell us that when the script is called two queries are executed.
Below we will explain every item in the query.


open fun <T : Page> to(factory: (Browser) -> T): T
Navigates to the given page.
If the page has not defined a URL, then a MissingPageUrlException will be thrown immediately since is not possible to perform the navigation.
If the page defines an implicit at verification, then it will be invoked immediately. If such verification fails, Balin will throw a PageImplicitAtVerificationException in order to perform an early failure.
// Given the Kotlin's website index page URL
val indexPageUrl = "https://kotlinlang.org/"
Browser.drive(driverFactory) {
// When I visit such URL
// Then I should change the browser's URL to the given one
assertEquals(to(indexPageUrl), indexPageUrl)
// And I should get the title of the Kotlin's website index page
assertEquals(title, "Kotlin Programming Language")
}
factory
- provides an instance of the page given the driver being used by the browser.
MissingPageUrlException
- if the page has not defined a URL.
PageImplicitAtVerificationException
- if the page has an implicit at verification which have failed.
Returns
An instance of the current page.
See Also
org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver.get
open fun to(url: String): String
Navigates to the given URL.
url
- the URL the browser will navigate to.
Return
The browser's current URL.
See Also


|
HissTools FFT
1.0
A Lightweight SIMD FFT (Compatible With Apple's vDSP FFT)
|
The main interface for the HISSTools FFT. More...
#include <stdint.h>
Go to the source code of this file.
Classes | |
| struct | Split< T > |
| struct | FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D |
| struct | FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F |
Functions | |
| void | hisstools_create_setup (FFT_SETUP_D *setup, uintptr_t max_fft_log_2) |
| void | hisstools_create_setup (FFT_SETUP_F *setup, uintptr_t max_fft_log_2) |
| void | hisstools_destroy_setup (FFT_SETUP_D setup) |
| void | hisstools_destroy_setup (FFT_SETUP_F setup) |
| void | hisstools_fft (FFT_SETUP_D setup, FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D *input, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_fft (FFT_SETUP_F setup, FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F *input, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_rfft (FFT_SETUP_D setup, FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D *input, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_rfft (FFT_SETUP_F setup, FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F *input, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_rfft (FFT_SETUP_D setup, const double *input, FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D *output, uintptr_t in_length, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_rfft (FFT_SETUP_F setup, const float *input, FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F *output, uintptr_t in_length, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_rfft (FFT_SETUP_D setup, const float *input, FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D *output, uintptr_t in_length, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_ifft (FFT_SETUP_D setup, FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D *input, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_ifft (FFT_SETUP_F setup, FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F *input, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_rifft (FFT_SETUP_D setup, FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D *input, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_rifft (FFT_SETUP_F setup, FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F *input, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_rifft (FFT_SETUP_D setup, FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D *input, double *output, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_rifft (FFT_SETUP_F setup, FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F *input, float *output, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_unzip_zero (const double *input, FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D *output, uintptr_t in_length, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_unzip_zero (const float *input, FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F *output, uintptr_t in_length, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_unzip_zero (const float *input, FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D *output, uintptr_t in_length, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_unzip (const double *input, FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D *output, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_unzip (const float *input, FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F *output, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_zip (const FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D *input, double *output, uintptr_t log2n) |
| void | hisstools_zip (const FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F *input, float *output, uintptr_t log2n) |
The main interface for the HISSTools FFT.
The FFT is compatiable with the FFT routines provided by Apple's vDSP library and can be configured to use this fast FFT when available.
| void hisstools_create_setup | ( | FFT_SETUP_D * | setup, |
| uintptr_t | max_fft_log_2 | ||
| ) |
hisstools_create_setup() creates an FFT setup suitable for double-precision FFTs and iFFTs up to a maximum specified size.
| setup | A pointer to an uninitialised FFT_SETUP_D. |
| max_fft_log_2 | The log base 2 of the FFT size of the maimum FFT size you wish to support.. |
| void hisstools_create_setup | ( | FFT_SETUP_F * | setup, |
| uintptr_t | max_fft_log_2 | ||
| ) |
hisstools_create_setup() creates an FFT setup suitable for single-precision FFTs and iFFTs up to a maximum specified size.
| setup | A pointer to an uninitialised FFT_SETUP_F. |
| max_fft_log_2 | The log base 2 of the FFT size of the maimum FFT size you wish to support.. |
| void hisstools_destroy_setup | ( | FFT_SETUP_D | setup | ) |
hisstools_destroy_setup() destroys a double-precision FFT setup.
| setup | A FFT_SETUP_D (double-precision setup). |
| void hisstools_destroy_setup | ( | FFT_SETUP_F | setup | ) |
hisstools_destroy_setup() destroys a single-precision FFT setup.
| setup | A FFT_SETUP_F (single-precision setup). |
| void hisstools_fft | ( | FFT_SETUP_D | setup, |
| FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D * | input, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_fft() performs an in-place complex Fast Fourier Transform.
| setup | A FFT_SETUP_D that has been created to deal with an appropriate maximum size of FFT. |
| input | A pointer to a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D structure containing the complex input. |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_fft | ( | FFT_SETUP_F | setup, |
| FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F * | input, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_fft() performs an in-place complex Fast Fourier Transform.
| setup | A FFT_SETUP_F that has been created to deal with an appropriate maximum size of FFT. |
| input | A pointer to a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F structure containing the complex input. |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_rfft | ( | FFT_SETUP_D | setup, |
| FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D * | input, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_rfft() performs an in-place real Fast Fourier Transform.
| setup | A FFT_SETUP_D that has been created to deal with an appropriate maximum size of FFT. |
| input | A pointer to a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D structure containing a complex input. |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_rfft | ( | FFT_SETUP_F | setup, |
| FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F * | input, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_rfft() performs an in-place real Fast Fourier Transform.
| setup | A FFT_SETUP_F that has been created to deal with an appropriate maximum size of FFT. |
| input | A pointer to a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F structure containing a complex input. |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_rfft | ( | FFT_SETUP_D | setup, |
| const double * | input, | ||
| FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D * | output, | ||
| uintptr_t | in_length, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_rfft() performs an out-of-place real Fast Fourier Transform.
| setup | A FFT_SETUP_F that has been created to deal with an appropriate maximum size of FFT. |
| input | A pointer to a real input . |
| output | A pointer to a a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D structure which will hold the complex output. |
| in_length | The length of the input real array. |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_rfft | ( | FFT_SETUP_F | setup, |
| const float * | input, | ||
| FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F * | output, | ||
| uintptr_t | in_length, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_rfft() performs an out-of-place real Fast Fourier Transform.
| setup | A FFT_SETUP_F that has been created to deal with an appropriate maximum size of FFT. |
| input | A pointer to a real input . |
| output | A pointer to a a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D structure which will hold the complex output. |
| in_length | The length of the input real array. |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_rfft | ( | FFT_SETUP_D | setup, |
| const float * | input, | ||
| FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D * | output, | ||
| uintptr_t | in_length, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_rfft() performs an out-of-place real Fast Fourier Transform.
| setup | A FFT_SETUP_F that has been created to deal with an appropriate maximum size of FFT. |
| input | A pointer to a real input . |
| output | A pointer to a a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D structure which will hold the complex output. |
| in_length | The length of the input real array. |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_ifft | ( | FFT_SETUP_D | setup, |
| FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D * | input, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_ifft() performs an in-place inverse complex Fast Fourier Transform.
| setup | A FFT_SETUP_D that has been created to deal with an appropriate maximum size of FFT. |
| input | A pointer to a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D structure containing a complex input. |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_ifft | ( | FFT_SETUP_F | setup, |
| FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F * | input, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_ifft() performs an in-place inverse complex Fast Fourier Transform.
| setup | A FFT_SETUP_D that has been created to deal with an appropriate maximum size of FFT. |
| input | A pointer to a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F structure containing a complex input. |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_rifft | ( | FFT_SETUP_D | setup, |
| FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D * | input, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_rifft() performs an in-place inverse real Fast Fourier Transform.
| setup | A FFT_SETUP_D that has been created to deal with an appropriate maximum size of FFT. |
| input | A pointer to a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D structure containing a complex input. |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_rifft | ( | FFT_SETUP_F | setup, |
| FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F * | input, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_rifft() performs an in-place inverse real Fast Fourier Transform.
| setup | A FFT_SETUP_F that has been created to deal with an appropriate maximum size of FFT. |
| input | A pointer to a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F structure containing a complex input. |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_rifft | ( | FFT_SETUP_D | setup, |
| FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D * | input, | ||
| double * | output, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_rifft() performs an out-out-place inverse real Fast Fourier Transform.
| setup | A FFT_SETUP_F that has been created to deal with an appropriate maximum size of FFT. |
| input | A pointer to a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F structure containing a complex input. |
| output | A pointer to a real array to hold the output. |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_rifft | ( | FFT_SETUP_F | setup, |
| FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F * | input, | ||
| float * | output, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_rifft() performs an out-out-place inverse real Fast Fourier Transform.
| setup | A FFT_SETUP_F that has been created to deal with an appropriate maximum size of FFT. |
| input | A pointer to a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F structure containing a complex input. |
| output | A pointer to a real array to hold the output. |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_unzip_zero | ( | const double * | input, |
| FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D * | output, | ||
| uintptr_t | in_length, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_unzip_zero() performs unzipping and zero-padding prior to an in-place real FFT.
| input | A pointer to the real double-precision input. |
| output | A pointer to a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D structure to unzip to. |
| in_length | The actual length of the input |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_unzip_zero | ( | const float * | input, |
| FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F * | output, | ||
| uintptr_t | in_length, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_unzip_zero() performs unzipping and zero-padding prior to an in-place real FFT.
| input | A pointer to the real single-precision input. |
| output | A pointer to a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F structure to unzip to. |
| in_length | The actual length of the input |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_unzip_zero | ( | const float * | input, |
| FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D * | output, | ||
| uintptr_t | in_length, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_unzip_zero() performs unzipping and zero-padding prior to an in-place real FFT.
| input | A pointer to the real single-precision input. |
| output | A pointer to a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D structure to unzip to. |
| in_length | The actual length of the input |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_unzip | ( | const double * | input, |
| FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D * | output, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_unzip() performs unzipping prior to an in-place real FFT.
| input | A pointer to the real double-precision input. |
| output | A pointer to a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D structure to unzip to. |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_unzip | ( | const float * | input, |
| FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F * | output, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_unzip() performs unzipping prior to an in-place real FFT.
| input | A pointer to the real single-precision input. |
| output | A pointer to a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F structure to unzip to. |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_zip | ( | const FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D * | input, |
| double * | output, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_zip() performs zipping subsequent to an in-place real FFT.
| input | A pointer to a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_D structure to zip from. |
| output | A pointer to the real double-precision output. |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |
| void hisstools_zip | ( | const FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F * | input, |
| float * | output, | ||
| uintptr_t | log2n | ||
| ) |
hisstools_zip() performs zipping subsequent to an in-place real FFT.
| input | A pointer to a FFT_SPLIT_COMPLEX_F structure to zip from. |
| output | A pointer to the real single-precision output. |
| log2n | The log base 2 of the FFT size. |


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What Are The Types Of HIV Tests And How Do They Work?
The most common HIV test is the antibody screening test (immunoassay), which tests for the antibodies that your body makes against HIV. The immunoassay may be conducted in a lab or as a rapid test at the testing site. It may be performed on blood or oral fluid (not saliva). Because the level of antibody in oral fluid is lower than it is in blood, blood tests tend to find infection sooner after exposure than do oral fluid tests. In addition, most blood-based lab tests find infection sooner after exposure than rapid HIV tests.
Several tests are being used more commonly that can detect both antibodies and antigen (part of the virus itself). These tests can find recent infection earlier than tests that detect only antibodies. These antigen/antibody combination tests can find HIV as soon as 3 weeks after exposure to the virus, but they are only available for testing blood, not oral fluid. Not all testing sites offer this test by default; if you believe you have been recently exposed to HIV, be sure to let your provider know and ask if this type of test is available.
The rapid test is an immunoassay used for screening, and it produces quick results, in 30 minutes or less. Rapid tests use blood or oral fluid to look for antibodies to HIV. If an immunoassay (lab test or rapid test) is conducted during the window period (i.e., the period after exposure but before the test can find antibodies), the test may not find antibodies and may give a false-negative result. All immunoassays that are positive need a follow-up test to confirm the result.
Follow-up diagnostic testing is performed if the first immunoassay result is positive. Follow-up tests include: an antibody differentiation test, which distinguishes HIV-1 from HIV-2; an HIV-1 nucleic acid test, which looks for virus directly, or the Western blot or indirect immunofluorescence assay, which detect antibodies.
Immunoassays are generally very accurate, but follow-up testing allows you and your health care provider to be sure the diagnosis is right. If your first test is a rapid test, and it is positive, you will be directed to a medical setting to get follow-up testing. If your first test is a lab test, and it is positive, the lab will conduct follow-up testing, usually on the same blood specimen as the first test.
Home HIV Tests
Currently there are only two home HIV tests: the Home Access HIV-1 Test System and the OraQuick In-home HIV test. If you buy your home test online make sure the HIV test is FDA-approved.
The Home Access HIV-1 Test System is a home collection kit that involves pricking your finger to collect a blood sample, sending the sample to a licensed laboratory, and then calling in for results as early as the next business day. This test is anonymous. If the test is positive, a follow-up test is performed right away, and the results include the follow-up test. The manufacturer provides confidential counseling and referral to treatment. The tests conducted on the blood sample collected at home find infection later after infection than most lab-based tests using blood from a vein, but earlier than tests conducted with oral fluid.
The OraQuick In-Home HIV Test provides rapid results in the home. The testing procedure involves swabbing your mouth for an oral fluid sample and using a kit to test it. Results are available in 20 minutes. If you test positive, you will need a follow-up test. The manufacturer provides confidential counseling and referral to follow-up testing sites. Because the level of antibody in oral fluid is lower than it is in blood, oral fluid tests find infection later after exposure than do blood tests. Up to 1 in 12 people may receive a false negative result with this test.
RNA Tests
RNA tests detect the virus directly (instead of the antibodies to HIV) and thus can detect HIV at about 10 days after infection—as soon as it appears in the bloodstream, before antibodies develop. These tests cost more than antibody tests and are generally not used as a screening test, although your doctor may order one as a follow-up test, after a positive antibody test, or as part of a clinical workup.


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