A generally patriotic musical composition - usually in the form of a song or hymn of praise - that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions, or struggles of a nation or its people. National anthems can be officially recognized as a national song by a country's constitution or by an enacted law, or simply by tradition. Although most anthems contain lyrics, some do not.
| Country | NATIONAL ANTHEM |
|---|---|
| Afghanistan |
name: "Milli Surood" (National Anthem) lyrics/music: Abdul Bari JAHANI/Babrak WASA note: adopted 2006; the 2004 constitution of the post-Taliban government mandated that a new national anthem should be written containing the phrase "Allahu Akbar" (God is Great) and mentioning the names of Afghanistan's ethnic groups |
| Akrotiri |
note: as a United Kingdom area of special sovereignty, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom) |
| Albania |
name: "Hymni i Flamurit" (Hymn to the Flag) lyrics/music: Aleksander Stavre DRENOVA/Ciprian PORUMBESCU note: adopted 1912 |
| Algeria |
name: "Kassaman" (We Pledge) lyrics/music: Mufdi ZAKARIAH/Mohamed FAWZI note: adopted 1962; ZAKARIAH wrote "Kassaman" as a poem while imprisoned in Algiers by French colonial forces |
| American Samoa |
name: "Amerika Samoa" (American Samoa) lyrics/music: Mariota Tiumalu TUIASOSOPO/Napoleon Andrew TUITELELEAPAGA note: local anthem adopted 1950; as a territory of the United States, "The Star-Spangled Banner" is official (see United States) |
| Andorra |
name: "El Gran Carlemany" (The Great Charlemagne) lyrics/music: Joan BENLLOCH i VIVO/Enric MARFANY BONS note: adopted 1921; the anthem provides a brief history of Andorra in a first person narrative |
| Angola |
name: "Angola Avante" (Forward Angola) lyrics/music: Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO note: adopted 1975 |
| Anguilla |
name: "God Bless Anguilla" lyrics/music: Alex RICHARDSON note: local anthem adopted 1981; as a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom) |
| Antigua and Barbuda |
name: "Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee" lyrics/music: Novelle Hamilton RICHARDS/Walter Garnet Picart CHAMBERS note: adopted 1967; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, "God Save the Queen" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom) |
| Argentina |
name: "Himno Nacional Argentino" (Argentine National Anthem) lyrics/music: Vicente LOPEZ y PLANES/Jose Blas PARERA note: adopted 1813; Vicente LOPEZ was inspired to write the anthem after watching a play about the 1810 May Revolution against Spain |
| Armenia |
name: "Mer Hayrenik""(Our Fatherland) lyrics/music: Mikael NALBANDIAN/Barsegh KANACHYAN note: adopted 1991; based on the anthem of the Democratic Republic of Armenia (1918-1922) but with different lyrics |
| Aruba |
name: "Aruba Deshi Tera" (Aruba Precious Country) lyrics/music: Juan Chabaya 'Padu' LAMPE/Rufo Inocencio WEVER note: local anthem adopted 1986; as part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, "Het Wilhelmus" is official (see Netherlands) |
| Australia |
name: "Advance Australia Fair" lyrics/music: Peter Dodds McCORMICK note: adopted 1984; although originally written in the late 19th century, the anthem was not used for all official occasions until 1984; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, "God Save the Queen" is also played at Royal functions (see United Kingdom) |
| Austria |
name: "Bundeshymne" (Federal Hymn) lyrics/music: Paula von PRERADOVIC/Wolfgang Amadeus MOZART or Johann HOLZER (disputed) note: adopted 1947; the anthem is also known as "Land der Berge, Land am Strome" (Land of the Mountains, Land on the River); Austria adopted a new national anthem after World War II to replace the former imperial anthem composed by Franz Josef HAYDN, which had been appropriated by Germany in 1922 and was thereafter associated with the Nazi regime |
| Azerbaijan |
name: "Azerbaijan Marsi" (March of Azerbaijan) lyrics/music: Ahmed JAVAD/Uzeyir HAJIBEYOV note: adopted 1992; although originally written in 1919 during a brief period of independence, "Azerbaijan Marsi" did not become the official anthem until after the dissolution of the Soviet Union |
| Bahamas, The |
name: "March On, Bahamaland!" lyrics/music: Timothy GIBSON note: adopted 1973; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, "God Save the Queen" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom) |
| Bahrain |
name: "Bahrainona" (Our Bahrain) lyrics/music: unknown note: adopted 1971; although Mohamed Sudqi AYYASH wrote the original lyrics, they were changed in 2002 following the transformation of Bahrain from an emirate to a kingdom |
| Bangladesh |
name: "Amar Shonar Bangla" (My Golden Bengal) lyrics/music: Rabindranath TAGORE note: adopted 1971; Rabindranath TAGORE, a Nobel laureate, also wrote India's national anthem |
| Barbados |
name: "The National Anthem of Barbados" lyrics/music: Irving BURGIE/C. Van Roland EDWARDS note: adopted 1966; the anthem is also known as "In Plenty and In Time of Need" |
| Belarus |
name: "My, Bielarusy" (We Belarusians) lyrics/music: Mikhas KLIMKOVICH and Uladzimir KARYZNA/Nester SAKALOUSKI note: music adopted 1955, lyrics adopted 2002; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Belarus kept the music of its Soviet-era anthem but adopted new lyrics; also known as "Dziarzauny himn Respubliki Bielarus" (State Anthem of the Republic of Belarus) |
| Belgium |
name: "La Brabanconne" (The Song of Brabant) lyrics/music: Louis-Alexandre DECHET[French note: adopted 1830; according to legend, Louis-Alexandre DECHET, an actor at the theater in which the revolution against the Netherlands began, wrote the lyrics with a group of young people in a Brussels cafe |
| Belize |
name: "Land of the Free" lyrics/music: Samuel Alfred HAYNES/Selwyn Walford YOUNG note: adopted 1981; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, "God Save the Queen" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom) |
| Benin |
name: "L'Aube Nouvelle" (The Dawn of a New Day) lyrics/music: Gilbert Jean DAGNON note: adopted 1960 |
| Bermuda |
name: "Hail to Bermuda" lyrics/music: Bette JOHNS note: serves as a local anthem; as a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom) |
| Bhutan |
name: "Druk tsendhen" (The Thunder Dragon Kingdom) lyrics/music: Gyaldun Dasho Thinley DORJI/Aku TONGMI note: adopted 1953 |
| Bolivia |
name: "Cancion Patriotica" (Patriotic Song) lyrics/music: Jose Ignacio de SANJINES/Leopoldo Benedetto VINCENTI note: adopted 1852 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
name: "Drzavna himna Bosne i Hercegovine" (The National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina) lyrics/music: Dusan SESTIC and Benjamin ISOVIC/Dusan SESTIC note: music adopted 1999; lyrics adopted 2009 |
| Botswana |
name: "Fatshe leno la rona" (Our Land) lyrics/music: Kgalemang Tumedisco MOTSETE note: adopted 1966 |
| Brazil |
name: "Hino Nacional Brasileiro" (Brazilian National Anthem) lyrics/music: Joaquim Osorio Duque ESTRADA/Francisco Manoel DA SILVA note: music adopted 1890, lyrics adopted 1922; the anthem's music, composed in 1822, was used unofficially for many years before it was adopted |
| British Virgin Islands |
note: as a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom) |
| Brunei |
name: "Allah Peliharakan Sultan" (God Bless His Majesty) lyrics/music: Pengiran Haji Mohamed YUSUF bin Pengiran Abdul Rahim/Awang Haji BESAR bin Sagap note: adopted 1951 |
| Bulgaria |
name: "Mila Rodino" (Dear Homeland) lyrics/music: Tsvetan Tsvetkov RADOSLAVOV note: adopted 1964; composed in 1885 by a student en route to fight in the Serbo-Bulgarian War |
| Burkina Faso |
name: "Le Ditanye" (Anthem of Victory) lyrics/music: Thomas SANKARA note: adopted 1974; also known as "Une Seule Nuit" (One Single Night); written by the country's president, an avid guitar player |
| Burma |
name: "Kaba Ma Kyei" (Till the End of the World, Myanmar) lyrics/music: SAYA TIN note: adopted 1948; Burma is among a handful of non-European nations that have anthems rooted in indigenous traditions; the beginning portion of the anthem is a traditional Burmese anthem before transitioning into a Western-style orchestrated work |
| Burundi |
name: "Burundi Bwacu" (Our Beloved Burundi) lyrics/music: Jean-Baptiste NTAHOKAJA/Marc BARENGAYABO note: adopted 1962 |
| Cabo Verde |
name: "Cantico da Liberdade" (Song of Freedom) lyrics/music: Amilcar Spencer LOPES/Adalberto Higino Tavares SILVA note: adopted 1996 |
| Cambodia |
name: "Nokoreach" (Royal Kingdom) lyrics/music: CHUON NAT/F. PERRUCHOT and J. JEKYLL note: adopted 1941, restored 1993; the anthem, based on a Cambodian folk tune, was restored after the defeat of the Communist regime |
| Cameroon |
name: "O Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancetres" (O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers) lyrics/music: Rene Djam AFAME, Samuel Minkio BAMBA, Moise Nyatte NKO'O [French note: adopted 1957; Cameroon's anthem, also known as "Chant de Ralliement" (The Rallying Song), has been used unofficially since 1948 and officially adopted in 1957; the anthem has French and English versions whose lyrics differ |
| Canada |
name: "O Canada" lyrics/music: Adolphe-Basile ROUTHIER [French note: adopted 1980; originally written in 1880, "O Canada" served as an unofficial anthem many years before its official adoption; the anthem has French and English versions whose lyrics differ; as a Commonwealth realm, in addition to the national anthem, "God Save the Queen" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom) |
| Cayman Islands |
name: "Beloved Isle Cayman" lyrics/music: Leila E. ROSS note: adopted 1993; served as an unofficial anthem since 1930; as a territory of the United Kingdom, in addition to the local anthem, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom) |
| Central African Republic |
name: "Le Renaissance" (The Renaissance) lyrics/music: Barthelemy BOGANDA/Herbert PEPPER note: adopted 1960; Barthelemy BOGANDA wrote the anthem's lyrics and was the first prime minister of the autonomous French territory |
| Chad |
name: "La Tchadienne" (The Chadian) lyrics/music: Louis GIDROL and his students/Paul VILLARD note: adopted 1960 |
| Chile |
name: "Himno Nacional de Chile" (National Anthem of Chile) lyrics/music: Eusebio LILLO Robles and Bernardo DE VERA y Pintado/Ramon CARNICER y Battle note: music adopted 1828, original lyrics adopted 1818, adapted lyrics adopted 1847; under Augusto PINOCHET"s military rule, a verse glorifying the army was added; however, as a protest, some citizens refused to sing this verse; it was removed when democracy was restored in 1990 |
| China |
name: "Yiyongjun Jinxingqu" (The March of the Volunteers) lyrics/music: TIAN Han/NIE Er note: adopted 1949; the anthem, though banned during the Cultural Revolution, is more commonly known as "Zhongguo Guoge" (Chinese National Song); it was originally the theme song to the 1935 Chinese movie, "Sons and Daughters in a Time of Storm" |
| Christmas Island |
note: as a territory of Australia, "Advance Australia Fair" remains official as the national anthem, while "God Save the Queen" serves as the royal anthem (see Australia) |
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands |
note: as a territory of Australia, "Advance Australia Fair" remains official as the national anthem, while "God Save the Queen" serves as the royal anthem (see Australia) |
| Colombia |
name: "Himno Nacional de la Republica de Colombia" (National Anthem of the Republic of Colombia) lyrics/music: Rafael NUNEZ/Oreste SINDICI note: adopted 1920; the anthem was created from an inspirational poem written by President Rafael NUNEZ |
| Comoros |
name: "Udzima wa ya Masiwa" (The Union of the Great Islands) lyrics/music: Said Hachim SIDI ABDEREMANE/Said Hachim SIDI ABDEREMANE and Kamildine ABDALLAH note: adopted 1978 |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of the |
name: "Debout Congolaise" (Arise Congolese) lyrics/music: Joseph LUTUMBA/Simon-Pierre BOKA di Mpasi Londi note: adopted 1960; replaced when the country was known as Zaire; but readopted in 1997 |
| Congo, Republic of the |
name: "La Congolaise" (The Congolese) lyrics/music: Jacques TONDRA and Georges KIBANGHI/Jean ROYER and Joseph SPADILIERE note: originally adopted 1959, restored 1991 |
| Cook Islands |
name: "Te Atua Mou E" (To God Almighty) lyrics/music: Tepaeru Te RITO/Thomas DAVIS note: adopted 1982; as prime minister, Sir Thomas DAVIS composed the anthem; his wife, a tribal chief, wrote the lyrics |
| Costa Rica |
name: "Himno Nacional de Costa Rica" (National Anthem of Costa Rica) lyrics/music: Jose Maria ZELEDON Brenes/Manuel Maria GUTIERREZ note: adopted 1949; the anthem's music was originally written for an 1853 welcome ceremony for diplomatic missions from the United States and United Kingdom; the lyrics were added in 1903 |
| Cote d'Ivoire |
name: "L'Abidjanaise" (Song of Abidjan) lyrics/music: Mathieu EKRA, Joachim BONY, and Pierre Marie COTY/Pierre Marie COTY and Pierre Michel PANGO note: adopted 1960; although the nation's capital city moved from Abidjan to Yamoussoukro in 1983, the anthem still owes its name to the former capital |
| Croatia |
name: "Lijepa nasa domovino" (Our Beautiful Homeland) lyrics/music: Antun MIHANOVIC/Josip RUNJANIN note: adopted 1972; "Lijepa nasa domovino," whose lyrics were written in 1835, served as an unofficial anthem beginning in 1891 |
| Cuba |
name: "La Bayamesa" (The Bayamo Song) lyrics/music: Pedro FIGUEREDO note: adopted 1940; Pedro FIGUEREDO first performed "La Bayamesa" in 1868 during the Ten Years War against the Spanish; a leading figure in the uprising, FIGUEREDO was captured in 1870 and executed by a firing squad; just prior to the fusillade he is reputed to have shouted, "Morir por la Patria es vivir" (To die for the country is to live), a line from the anthem |
| Curacao |
name: Himmo di Korsou (Anthem of Curacao) lyrics/music: Guillermo ROSARIO, Mae HENRIQUEZ, Enrique MULLER, Betty DORAN/Frater Candidus NOWENS, Errol "El Toro" COLINA note: adapted 1978; the lyrics, originally written in 1899, were rewritten in 1978 to make them less colonial in nature |
| Cyprus |
name: "Ymnos eis tin Eleftherian" (Hymn to Liberty) lyrics/music: Dionysios SOLOMOS/Nikolaos MANTZAROS note: adopted 1960; Cyprus adopted the Greek national anthem as its own; the Turkish community in Cyprus uses the anthem of Turkey |
| Czech Republic |
name: "Kde domov muj?" (Where is My Home?) lyrics/music: Josef Kajetan TYL/Frantisek Jan SKROUP note: adopted 1993; the anthem is a verse from the former Czechoslovak anthem originally written as part of the opera "Fidlovacka" |
| Denmark |
name: "Der er et yndigt land" (There is a Lovely Land); "Kong Christian" (King Christian) lyrics/music: Adam Gottlob OEHLENSCHLAGER/Hans Ernst KROYER; Johannes EWALD/unknown note: Denmark has two national anthems with equal status; "Der er et yndigt land," adopted 1844, is a national anthem, while "Kong Christian," adopted 1780, serves as both a national and royal anthem; "Kong Christian" is also known as "Kong Christian stod ved hojen mast" (King Christian Stood by the Lofty Mast) and "Kongesangen" (The King's Anthem); within Denmark, the royal anthem is played only when royalty is present and is usually followed by the national anthem; when royalty is not present, only the national anthem is performed; outside Denmark, the royal anthem is played, unless the national anthem is requested |
| Dhekelia |
note: as a United Kingdom area of special sovereignty, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom) |
| Djibouti |
name: "Jabuuti" (Djibouti) lyrics/music: Aden ELMI/Abdi ROBLEH note: adopted 1977 |
| Dominica |
name: "Isle of Beauty" lyrics/music: Wilfred Oscar Morgan POND/Lemuel McPherson CHRISTIAN note: adopted 1967 |
| Dominican Republic |
name: "Himno Nacional" (National Anthem) lyrics/music: Emilio PRUD"HOMME/Jose REYES note: adopted 1934; also known as "Quisqueyanos valientes" (Valient Sons of Quisqueye); the anthem never refers to the people as Dominican but rather calls them "Quisqueyanos," a reference to the indigenous name of the island |
| Ecuador |
name: "Salve, Oh Patria!" (We Salute You Our Homeland) lyrics/music: Juan Leon MERA/Antonio NEUMANE note: adopted 1948; Juan Leon MERA wrote the lyrics in 1865; only the chorus and second verse are sung |
| Egypt |
name: "Bilady, Bilady, Bilady" (My Homeland, My Homeland, My Homeland) lyrics/music: Younis-al QADI/Sayed DARWISH note: adopted 1979; after signing the 1979 peace treaty with Israel, Egypt sought to create an anthem less militaristic than its previous one; Sayed DARWISH, commonly considered the father of modern Egyptian music, composed the anthem |
| El Salvador |
name: "Himno Nacional de El Salvador" (National Anthem of El Salvador) lyrics/music: Juan Jose CANAS/Juan ABERLE note: officially adopted 1953, in use since 1879; the anthem of El Salvador is one of the world's longest |
| Equatorial Guinea |
name: "Caminemos pisando la senda" (Let Us Tread the Path) lyrics/music: Atanasio Ndongo MIYONO/Atanasio Ndongo MIYONO or Ramiro Sanchez LOPEZ (disputed) note: adopted 1968 |
| Eritrea |
name: "Ertra, Ertra, Ertra" (Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea) lyrics/music: SOLOMON Tsehaye Beraki/Isaac Abraham MEHAREZGI and ARON Tekle Tesfatsion note: adopted 1993; upon independence from Ethiopia |
| Estonia |
name: "Mu isamaa, mu onn ja room" (My Native Land, My Pride and Joy) lyrics/music: Johann Voldemar JANNSEN/Fredrik PACIUS note: adopted 1920, though banned between 1940 and 1990 under Soviet occupation; the anthem, used in Estonia since 1869, shares the same melody as Finland's but has different lyrics |
| Ethiopia |
name: "Whedefit Gesgeshi Woud Enat Ethiopia" (March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia) lyrics/music: DEREJE Melaku Mengesha/SOLOMON Lulu note: adopted 1992 |
| European Union |
name: "Ode to Joy"" lyrics/music: none/Ludwig VON BEETHOVEN, arranged by Herbert VON KARAJAN note: adopted 1972; not used until 1986; according to the European Union, the song is meant to represent all of Europe rather than just the organization; the song also serves as the anthem for the Council of Europe |
| Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) |
name: "Song of the Falklands"" lyrics/music: Christopher LANHAM note: adopted 1930s; the song is the local unofficial anthem; as a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom) |
| Faroe Islands |
name: "Mitt alfagra land" (My Fairest Land) lyrics/music: Simun av SKAROI/Peter ALBERG note: adopted 1948; the anthem is also known as "Tu alfagra land mitt" (Thou Fairest Land of Mine); as an autonomous overseas division of Denmark, the Faroe Islands are permitted their own national anthem |
| Fiji |
name: "God Bless Fiji" lyrics/music: Michael Francis Alexander PRESCOTT/C. Austin MILES (adapted by Michael Francis Alexander PRESCOTT) note: adopted 1970; known in Fijian as "Meda Dau Doka" (Let Us Show Pride); adapted from the hymn, "Dwelling in Beulah Land," the anthem's English lyrics are generally sung, although they differ in meaning from the official Fijian lyrics |
| Finland |
name: "Maamme" (Our Land) lyrics/music: Johan Ludvig RUNEBERG/Fredrik PACIUS note: in use since 1848; although never officially adopted by law, the anthem has been popular since it was first sung by a student group in 1848; Estonia's anthem uses the same melody as that of Finland |
| France |
name: "La Marseillaise" (The Song of Marseille) lyrics/music: Claude-Joseph ROUGET de Lisle note: adopted 1795, restored 1870; originally known as "Chant de Guerre pour l'Armee du Rhin" (War Song for the Army of the Rhine), the National Guard of Marseille made the song famous by singing it while marching into Paris in 1792 during the French Revolutionary Wars |
| French Polynesia |
name: "Ia Ora 'O Tahiti Nui" (Long Live Tahiti Nui) lyrics/music: Maeva BOUGES, Irmine TEHEI, Angele TEROROTUA, Johanna NOUVEAU, Patrick AMARU, Louis MAMATUI and Jean-Pierre CELESTIN note: adopted 1993; serves as a local anthem; as a territory of France, "La Marseillaise" is official (see France) |
| French Southern and Antarctic Lands |
note: as a territory of France, "La Marseillaise" is official (see France) |
| Gabon |
name: "La Concorde" (The Concorde) lyrics/music: Georges Aleka DAMAS note: adopted 1960 |
| Gambia, The |
name: "For The Gambia, Our Homeland" lyrics/music: Virginia Julie HOWE/adapted by Jeremy Frederick HOWE note: adopted 1965; the music is an adaptation of the traditional Mandinka song "Foday Kaba Dumbuya" |
| Georgia |
name: "Tavisupleba" (Liberty) lyrics/music: Davit MAGRADSE/Zakaria PALIASHVILI (adapted by Joseb KETSCHAKMADSE) note: adopted 2004; after the Rose Revolution, a new anthem with music based on the operas "Abesalom da Eteri" and "Daisi" was adopted |
| Germany |
name: "Das Lied der Deutschen" (Song of the Germans) lyrics/music: August Heinrich HOFFMANN VON FALLERSLEBEN/Franz Joseph HAYDN note: adopted 1922; the anthem, also known as "Deutschlandlied" (Song of Germany), was originally adopted for its connection to the March 1848 liberal revolution; following appropriation by the Nazis of the first verse, specifically the phrase, "Deutschland, Deutschland ueber alles" (Germany, Germany above all) to promote nationalism, it was banned after 1945; in 1952, its third verse was adopted by West Germany as its national anthem; in 1990, it became the national anthem for the reunited Germany |
| Ghana |
name: "God Bless Our Homeland Ghana" lyrics/music: unknown/Philip GBEHO note: music adopted 1957, lyrics adopted 1966; the lyrics were changed twice, in 1960 when a republic was declared and after a 1966 coup |
| Gibraltar |
name: "Gibraltar Anthem" lyrics/music: Peter EMBERLEY note: adopted 1994; serves as a local anthem; as a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen" remains official (see United Kingdom) |
| Greece |
name: "Ymnos eis tin Eleftherian" (Hymn to Liberty) lyrics/music: Dionysios SOLOMOS/Nikolaos MANTZAROS note: adopted 1864; the anthem is based on a 158 verse poem by the same name, which was inspired by the Greek Revolution of 1821 against the Ottomans; Cyprus also uses "Hymn to Liberty" as its anthem |
| Greenland |
name: "Nunarput utoqqarsuanngoravit" ("Our Country, Who's Become So Old" also translated as "You Our Ancient Land") lyrics/music: Henrik LUND/Jonathan PETERSEN note: adopted 1916; the government also recognizes "Nuna asiilasooq" as a secondary anthem |
| Grenada |
name: "Hail Grenada" lyrics/music: Irva Merle BAPTISTE/Louis Arnold MASANTO note: adopted 1974 |
| Guam |
name: "Fanohge Chamoru" (Stand Ye Guamanians) lyrics/music: Ramon Manalisay SABLAN [English note: adopted 1919; the local anthem is also known as "Guam Hymn"; as a territory of the United States, "The Star-Spangled Banner," which generally follows the playing of "Stand Ye Guamanians," is official (see United States) |
| Guatemala |
name: "Himno Nacional de Guatemala" (National Anthem of Guatemala) lyrics/music: Jose Joaquin PALMA/Rafael Alvarez OVALLE note: adopted 1897, modified lyrics adopted 1934; Cuban poet Jose Joaquin PALMA anonymously submitted lyrics to a public contest calling for a national anthem; his authorship was not discovered until 1911 |
| Guernsey |
name: "Sarnia Cherie" (Guernsey Dear) lyrics/music: George DEIGHTON/Domencio SANTANGELO note: adopted 1911; serves as a local anthem; as a British crown dependency, "God Save the Queen" remains official (see United Kingdom) |
| Guinea-Bissau |
name: "Esta e a Nossa Patria Bem Amada" (This Is Our Beloved Country) lyrics/music: Amilcar Lopes CABRAL/XIAO He note: adopted 1974; a delegation from Portuguese Guinea visited China in 1963 and heard music by XIAO He; Amilcar Lopes CABRA, the leader of Guinea-Bissau's independence movement, asked the composer to create a piece that would inspire his people to struggle for independence |
| Guinea |
name: "Liberte" (Liberty) lyrics/music: unknown/Fodeba KEITA note: adopted 1958 |
| Guyana |
name: "Dear Land of Guyana, of Rivers and Plains" lyrics/music: Archibald Leonard LUKERL/Robert Cyril Gladstone POTTER note: adopted 1966 |
| Haiti |
name: "La Dessalinienne" (The Dessalines Song) lyrics/music: Justin LHERISSON/Nicolas GEFFRARD note: adopted 1904; named for Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, a leader in the Haitian Revolution and first ruler of an independent Haiti |
| Holy See (Vatican City) |
name: "Inno e Marcia Pontificale" (Hymn and Pontifical March); often called The Pontifical Hymn lyrics/music: Raffaello LAVAGNA/Charles-Francois GOUNOD note: adopted 1950 |
| Honduras |
name: "Himno Nacional de Honduras" (National Anthem of Honduras) lyrics/music: Augusto Constancio COELLO/Carlos HARTLING note: adopted 1915; the anthem's seven verses chronicle Honduran history; on official occasions, only the chorus and last verse are sung |
| Hong Kong |
note: as a Special Administrative Region of China, "Yiyongjun Jinxingqu" is the official anthem (see China) |
| Hungary |
name: "Himnusz" (Hymn) lyrics/music: Ferenc KOLCSEY/Ferenc ERKEL note: adopted 1844 |
| Iceland |
name: "Lofsongur" (Song of Praise) lyrics/music: Matthias JOCHUMSSON/Sveinbjorn SVEINBJORNSSON note: adopted 1944; also known as "O, Gud vors lands" (O, God of Our Land), the anthem was originally written and performed in 1874 |
| India |
name: "Jana-Gana-Mana" (Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People) lyrics/music: Rabindranath TAGORE note: adopted 1950; Rabindranath TAGORE, a Nobel laureate, also wrote Bangladesh's national anthem |
| Indonesia |
name: "Indonesia Raya" (Great Indonesia) lyrics/music: Wage Rudolf SOEPRATMAN note: adopted 1945 |
| Iran |
name: "Soroud-e Melli-ye Jomhouri-ye Eslami-ye Iran" (National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran) lyrics/music: multiple authors/Hassan RIAHI note: adopted 1990 |
| Iraq |
name: "Mawtini" (My Homeland) lyrics/music: Ibrahim TOUQAN/Mohammad FLAYFEL note: adopted 2004; following the ouster of SADDAM Husayn, Iraq adopted "Mawtini," a popular folk song throughout the Arab world; also serves as an unofficial anthem of the Palestinian people |
| Ireland |
name: "Amhran na bhFiann" (The Soldier's Song) lyrics/music: Peadar KEARNEY [English note: adopted 1926; instead of "Amhran na bhFiann," the song "Ireland's Call" is often used at athletic events where citizens of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland compete as a unified team |
| Isle of Man |
name: "Arrane Ashoonagh dy Vannin" (O Land of Our Birth) lyrics/music: William Henry GILL [English note: adopted 2003, in use since 1907; serves as a local anthem; as a British crown dependency, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom) and is played when the sovereign, members of the royal family, or the lieutenant governor are present |
| Israel |
name: "Hatikvah" (The Hope) lyrics/music: Naftali Herz IMBER/traditional, arranged by Samuel COHEN note: adopted 2004, unofficial since 1948; used as the anthem of the Zionist movement since 1897; the 1888 arrangement by Samuel COHEN is thought to be based on the Romanian folk song "Carul cu boi" (The Ox Driven Cart) |
| Italy |
name: "Il Canto degli Italiani" (The Song of the Italians) lyrics/music: Goffredo MAMELI/Michele NOVARO note: adopted 1946; the anthem, originally written in 1847, is also known as "L'Inno di Mameli" (Mameli's Hymn), and "Fratelli D'Italia" (Brothers of Italy) |
| Jamaica |
name: "Jamaica, Land We Love" lyrics/music: Hugh Braham SHERLOCK/Robert Charles LIGHTBOURNE note: adopted 1962 |
| Japan |
name: "Kimigayo" (The Emperor"s Reign) lyrics/music: unknown/Hiromori HAYASHI note: adopted 1999; unofficial national anthem since 1883; oldest anthem lyrics in the world, dating to the 10th century or earlier; there is some opposition to the anthem because of its association with militarism and worship of the emperor |
| Jersey |
name: "Isle de Siez Nous" (Island Home) lyrics/music: Gerard LE FEUVRE note: adopted 2008; serves as a local anthem; as a British crown dependency, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom) |
| Jordan |
name: "As-salam al-malaki al-urdoni" (Long Live the King of Jordan) lyrics/music: Abdul-Mone'm al-RIFAI'/Abdul-Qader al-TANEER note: adopted 1946; the shortened version of the anthem is used most commonly, while the full version is reserved for special occasions |
| Kazakhstan |
name: "Menin Qazaqstanim" (My Kazakhstan) lyrics/music: Zhumeken NAZHIMEDENOV and Nursultan NAZARBAYEV/Shamshi KALDAYAKOV note: adopted 2006; President Nursultan NAZARBAYEV played a role in revising the lyrics |
| Kenya |
name: "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu" (Oh God of All Creation) lyrics/music: Graham HYSLOP, Thomas KALUME, Peter KIBUKOSYA, Washington OMONDI, and George W. SENOGA-ZAKE/traditional, adapted by Graham HYSLOP, Thomas KALUME, Peter KIBUKOSYA, Washington OMONDI, and George W. SENOGA-ZAKE note: adopted 1963; based on a traditional Kenyan folk song |
| Kiribati |
name: "Teirake kaini Kiribati" (Stand Up, Kiribati) lyrics/music: Urium Tamuera IOTEBA note: adopted 1979 |
| Korea, North |
name: "Aegukka" (Patriotic Song) lyrics/music: PAK Se Yong/KIM Won Gyun note: adopted 1947; both North Korea's and South Korea's anthems share the same name and have a vaguely similar melody but have different lyrics; the North Korean anthem is also known as "Ach'imun pinnara" (Let Morning Shine) |
| Korea, South |
name: "Aegukga" (Patriotic Song) lyrics/music: YUN Ch'i-Ho or AN Ch'ang-Ho/AHN Eaktay note: adopted 1948, well-known by 1910; both North Korea's and South Korea's anthems share the same name and have a vaguely similar melody but have different lyrics |
| Kosovo |
name: "Europe" lyrics/music: none/Mendi MENGJIQI note: adopted 2008; Kosovo chose to exclude lyrics in its anthem so as not to offend the country's minority ethnic groups |
| Kuwait |
name: "Al-Nasheed Al-Watani" (National Anthem) lyrics/music: Ahmad MUSHARI al-Adwani/Ibrahim Nasir al-SOULA note: adopted 1978; the anthem is only used on formal occasions |
| Kyrgyzstan |
name: "Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni" (National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic) lyrics/music: Djamil SADYKOV and Eshmambet KULUEV/Nasyr DAVLESOV and Kalyi MOLDOBASANOV note: adopted 1992 |
| Laos |
name: "Pheng Xat Lao" (Hymn of the Lao People) lyrics/music: SISANA Sisane/THONGDY Sounthonevichit note: music adopted 1945, lyrics adopted 1975; the anthem's lyrics were changed following the 1975 Communist revolution that overthrew the monarchy |
| Latvia |
name: "Dievs, sveti Latviju!" (God Bless Latvia) lyrics/music: Karlis BAUMANIS note: adopted 1920, restored 1990; first performed in 1873 while Latvia was a part of Russia; banned during the Soviet occupation from 1940 to 1990 |
| Lebanon |
name: "Kulluna lil-watan" (All Of Us, For Our Country!) lyrics/music: Rachid NAKHLE/Wadih SABRA note: adopted 1927; chosen following a nationwide competition |
| Lesotho |
name: "Lesotho fatse la bo ntat'a rona" (Lesotho, Land of Our Fathers) lyrics/music: Francois COILLARD/Ferdinand-Samuel LAUR note: adopted 1967; music derives from an 1823 Swiss songbook |
| Liberia |
name: "All Hail, Liberia Hail!" lyrics/music: Daniel Bashiel WARNER/Olmstead LUCA note: lyrics adopted 1847, music adopted 1860; the anthem's author later became the third president of Liberia |
| Libya |
name: "Allahu Akbar" (God Is Greatest) lyrics/music: Mahmoud el-SHERIF/Abdalla Shams el-DIN note: adopted 1969; originally a battle song for the Egyptian Army in the 1956 Suez War |
| Liechtenstein |
name: "Oben am jungen Rhein" (High Above the Young Rhine) lyrics/music: Jakob Joseph JAUCH/Josef FROMMELT note: adopted 1850, revised 1963; uses the tune of "God Save the Queen" |
| Lithuania |
name: "Tautiska giesme" (The National Song) lyrics/music: Vincas KUDIRKA note: adopted 1918, restored 1990; written in 1898 while Lithuania was a part of Russia; banned during the Soviet occupation from 1940 to 1990 |
| Luxembourg |
name: "Ons Heemecht" (Our Motherland); "De Wilhelmus" (The William) lyrics/music: Michel LENTZ/Jean-Antoine ZINNEN; Nikolaus WELTER/unknown note: "Ons Heemecht," adopted 1864, is the national anthem, while "De Wilhelmus," adopted 1919, serves as a royal anthem for use when members of the grand ducal family enter or exit a ceremony in Luxembourg |
| Macau |
note: as a Special Administrative Region of China, "Yiyongjun Jinxingqu" is the official anthem (see China) |
| Macedonia |
name: "Denes Nad Makedonija" (Today Over Macedonia) lyrics/music: Vlado MALESKI/Todor SKALOVSKI note: adopted 1991; written in 1943, the song previously served as the anthem of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia while part of Yugoslavia |
| Madagascar |
name: "Ry Tanindraza nay malala o" (Oh, Our Beloved Fatherland) lyrics/music: Pasteur RAHAJASON/Norbert RAHARISOA note: adopted 1959 |
| Malawi |
name: "Mulungu dalitsa Malawi" (Oh God Bless Our Land of Malawi) lyrics/music: Michael-Fredrick Paul SAUKA note: adopted 1964 |
| Malaysia |
name: "Negaraku" (My Country) lyrics/music: collective, led by Tunku ABDUL RAHMAN/Pierre Jean DE BERANGER note: adopted 1957; full version only performed in the presence of the king; the tune, which was adopted from a popular French melody titled "La Rosalie," was originally the anthem of Perak, one of Malaysia's 13 states |
| Maldives |
name: "Gaumee Salaam" (National Salute) lyrics/music: Mohamed Jameel DIDI/Wannakuwattawaduge DON AMARADEVA note: lyrics adopted 1948, music adopted 1972; between 1948 and 1972, the lyrics were sung to the tune of "Auld Lang Syne" |
| Mali |
name: "Le Mali" (Mali) lyrics/music: Seydou Badian KOUYATE/Banzoumana SISSOKO note: adopted 1962; also known as "Pour L'Afrique et pour toi, Mali" (For Africa and for You, Mali) and "A ton appel Mali" (At Your Call, Mali) |
| Malta |
name: "L-Innu Malti" (The Maltese Anthem) lyrics/music: Dun Karm PSAILA/Robert SAMMUT note: adopted 1945; written in the form of a prayer |
| Marshall Islands |
name: "Forever Marshall Islands" lyrics/music: Amata KABUA note: adopted 1981 |
| Mauritania |
name: "Hymne National de la Republique Islamique de Mauritanie" (National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania) lyrics/music: Baba Ould CHEIKH/traditional, arranged by Tolia NIKIPROWETZKY note: adopted 1960; the unique rhythm of the Mauritanian anthem makes it particularly challenging to sing |
| Mauritius |
name: "Motherland" lyrics/music: Jean Georges PROSPER/Philippe GENTIL note: adopted 1968 |
| Mexico |
name: "Himno Nacional Mexicano" (National Anthem of Mexico) lyrics/music: Francisco Gonzalez BOCANEGRA/Jaime Nuno ROCA note: adopted 1943, in use since 1854; also known as "Mexicanos, al grito de Guerra" (Mexicans, to the War Cry); according to tradition, Francisco Gonzalez BOCANEGRA, an accomplished poet, was uninterested in submitting lyrics to a national anthem contest; his fiancee locked him in a room and refused to release him until the lyrics were completed |
| Micronesia, Federated States of |
name: "Patriots of Micronesia" lyrics/music: unknown note: adopted 1991; also known as "Across All Micronesia"; the music is based on the 1820 German patriotic song "Ich hab mich ergeben", which was the West German national anthem from 1949-1950; variants of this tune are used in Johannes Brahms' "Festival Overture" and Gustav Mahler's "Third Symphony" |
| Moldova |
name: "Limba noastra" (Our Language) lyrics/music: Alexei MATEEVICI/Alexandru CRISTEA note: adopted 1994 |
| Monaco |
name: "A Marcia de Muneghu" (The March of Monaco) lyrics/music: Louis NOTARI/Charles ALBRECHT note: music adopted 1867, lyrics adopted 1931; although French is commonly spoken, only the Monegasque lyrics are official; the French version is known as "Hymne Monegasque" (Monegasque Anthem); the words are generally only sung on official occasions |
| Mongolia |
name: "Mongol ulsyn toriin duulal" (National Anthem of Mongolia) lyrics/music: Tsendiin DAMDINSUREN/Bilegiin DAMDINSUREN and Luvsanjamts MURJORJ note: music adopted 1950, lyrics adopted 2006; lyrics altered on numerous occasions |
| Montenegro |
name: "Oj, svijetla majska zoro" (Oh, Bright Dawn of May) lyrics/music: Sekula DRLJEVIC/unknown, arranged by Zarko MIKOVIC note: adopted 2004; music based on a Montenegrin folk song |
| Montserrat |
note: as a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom) |
| Morocco |
name: "Hymne Cherifien" (Hymn of the Sharif) lyrics/music: Ali Squalli HOUSSAINI/Leo MORGAN note: music adopted 1956, lyrics adopted 1970 |
| Mozambique |
name: "Patria Amada" (Lovely Fatherland) lyrics/music: Salomao J. MANHICA/unknown note: adopted 2002 |
| Namibia |
name: "Namibia, Land of the Brave" lyrics/music: Axali DOESEB note: adopted 1991 |
| Nauru |
name: "Nauru Bwiema" (Song of Nauru) lyrics/music: Margaret HENDRIE/Laurence Henry HICKS note: adopted 1968 |
| Nepal |
name: "Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka" (Hundreds of Flowers) lyrics/music: Pradeep Kumar RAI/Ambar GURUNG note: adopted 2007; after the abolition of the monarchy in 2006, a new anthem was required because of the previous anthem's praise for the king |
| Netherlands |
name: "Het Wilhelmus" (The William) lyrics/music: Philips VAN MARNIX van Sint Aldegonde (presumed)/unknown note: adopted 1932, in use since the 17th century, making it the oldest national anthem in the world; also known as "Wilhelmus van Nassouwe" (William of Nassau), it is in the form of an acrostic, where the first letter of each stanza spells the name of the leader of the Dutch Revolt |
| New Caledonia |
name: "Soyons unis, devenons freres" (Let Us Be United, Let Us Become Brothers) lyrics/music: Chorale Melodia (a local choir) note: adopted 2008; contains a mixture of lyrics in both French and Nengone (an indigenous language); as a self-governing territory of France, in addition to the local anthem, "La Marseillaise" is official (see France) |
| New Zealand |
name: "God Defend New Zealand" lyrics/music: Thomas BRACKEN [English note: adopted 1940 as national song, adopted 1977 as co-national anthem; New Zealand has two national anthems with equal status; as a commonwealth realm, in addition to "God Defend New Zealand," "God Save the Queen" serves as a national anthem (see United Kingdom); "God Save the Queen" normally played only when a member of the royal family or the governor-general is present; in all other cases, "God Defend New Zealand" is played |
| Nicaragua |
name: "Salve a ti, Nicaragua" (Hail to Thee, Nicaragua) lyrics/music: Salomon Ibarra MAYORGA/traditional, arranged by Luis Abraham DELGADILLO note: although only officially adopted in 1971, the music was approved in 1918 and the lyrics in 1939; the tune, originally from Spain, was used as an anthem for Nicaragua from the 1830s until 1876 |
| Nigeria |
name: "Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey" lyrics/music: John A. ILECHUKWU, Eme Etim AKPAN, B. A. OGUNNAIKE, Sotu OMOIGUI and P. O. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASE note: adopted 1978; lyrics are a mixture of the five top entries in a national contest |
| Niger |
name: "La Nigerienne" (The Nigerien) lyrics/music: Maurice Albert THIRIET/Robert JACQUET and Nicolas Abel Francois FRIONNET note: adopted 1961 |
| Niue |
name: "Ko e Iki he Lagi" (The Lord in Heaven) lyrics/music: unknown/unknown, prepared by Sioeli FUSIKATA note: adopted 1974 |
| Norfolk Island |
name: "Come Ye Blessed" lyrics/music: New Testament/John Prindle SCOTT note: the local anthem, whose lyrics consist of the words from Matthew 25:34-36, 40, is also known as "The Pitcairn Anthem;" as a territory of Australia, "God Save the Queen" is official (see Australia); however, the island does not recognize "Advance Australia Fair" |
| Northern Mariana Islands |
name: "Gi Talo Gi Halom Tasi" (In the Middle of the Sea) lyrics/music: Jose S. PANGELINAN [Chamoru note: adopted 1996; the Carolinian version of the song is known as "Satil Matawal Pacifico;" as a commonwealth of the United States, in addition to the local anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner" is official (see United States) |
| Norway |
name: "Ja, vi elsker dette landet" (Yes, We Love This Country) lyrics/music: lyrics/music: Bjornstjerne BJORNSON/Rikard NORDRAAK note: adopted 1864; in addition to the national anthem, "Kongesangen" (Song of the King), which uses the tune of "God Save the Queen," serves as the royal anthem |
| Oman |
name: "Nashid as-Salaam as-Sultani" (The Sultan's Anthem) lyrics/music: Rashid bin Uzayyiz al KHUSAIDI/James Frederick MILLS, arranged by Bernard EBBINGHAUS note: adopted 1932; new lyrics written after QABOOS bin Said al Said gained power in 1970; first performed by the band of a British ship as a salute to the Sultan during a 1932 visit to Muscat; the bandmaster of the HMS Hawkins was asked to write a salutation to the Sultan on the occasion of his ship visit |
| Pakistan |
name: "Qaumi Tarana" (National Anthem) lyrics/music: Abu-Al-Asar Hafeez JULLANDHURI/Ahmed Ghulamali CHAGLA note: adopted 1954; also known as "Pak sarzamin shad bad" (Blessed Be the Sacred Land) |
| Palau |
name: "Belau rekid" (Our Palau) lyrics/music: multiple/Ymesei O. EZEKIEL note: adopted 1980 |
| Panama |
name: "Himno Istmeno" (Isthmus Hymn) lyrics/music: Jeronimo DE LA OSSA/Santos A. JORGE note: adopted 1925 |
| Papua New Guinea |
name: "O Arise All You Sons" lyrics/music: Thomas SHACKLADY note: adopted 1975 |
| Paraguay |
name: "Paraguayos, Republica o muerte!" (Paraguayans, The Republic or Death!) lyrics/music: Francisco Esteban ACUNA de Figueroa/disputed note: adopted 1934, in use since 1846; officially adopted following its re-arrangement in 1934 |
| Peru |
name: "Himno Nacional del Peru" (National Anthem of Peru) lyrics/music: Jose DE LA TORRE Ugarte/Jose Bernardo ALZEDO note: adopted 1822; the song won a national anthem contest |
| Philippines |
name: "Lupang Hinirang" (Chosen Land) lyrics/music: Jose PALMA (revised by Felipe PADILLA de Leon)/Julian FELIPE note: music adopted 1898, original Spanish lyrics adopted 1899, Filipino (Tagalog) lyrics adopted 1956; although the original lyrics were written in Spanish, later English and Filipino versions were created; today, only the Filipino version is used |
| Pitcairn Islands |
name: "We From Pitcairn Island" lyrics/music: unknown/Frederick M. LEHMAN note: serves as a local anthem; as a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom) |
| Poland |
name: "Mazurek Dabrowskiego" (Dabrowski's Mazurka) lyrics/music: Jozef WYBICKI/traditional note: adopted 1927; the anthem, commonly known as "Jeszcze Polska nie zginela" (Poland Has Not Yet Perished), was written in 1797; the lyrics resonate strongly with Poles because they reflect the numerous occasions in which the nation's lands have been occupied |
| Portugal |
name: "A Portugesa" (The Song of the Portuguese) lyrics/music: Henrique LOPES DE MENDOCA/Alfredo KEIL note: adopted 1910; "A Portuguesa" was originally written to protest the Portuguese monarchy's acquiescence to the 1890 British ultimatum forcing Portugal to give up areas of Africa; the lyrics refer to the "insult" that resulted from the event |
| Puerto Rico |
name: "La Borinquena" (The Puerto Rican) lyrics/music: Manuel Fernandez JUNCOS/Felix Astol ARTES note: music adopted 1952, lyrics adopted 1977; the local anthem's name is a reference to the indigenous name of the island, Borinquen; the music was originally composed as a dance in 1867 and gained popularity in the early 20th century; there is some evidence that the music was written by Francisco RAMIREZ; as a commonwealth of the United States, "The Star-Spangled Banner" is official (see United States) |
| Qatar |
name: "Al-Salam Al-Amiri" (The Peace for the Anthem) lyrics/music: Sheikh MUBARAK bin Saif al-Thani/Abdul Aziz Nasser OBAIDAN note: adopted 1996; anthem first performed that year at a meeting of the Gulf Cooperative Council hosted by Qatar |
| Romania |
name: "Desteapta-te romane!" (Wake up, Romanian!) lyrics/music: Andrei MURESIANU/Anton PANN note: adopted 1990; the anthem was written during the 1848 Revolution |
| Russia |
name: "Gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii" (National Anthem of the Russian Federation) lyrics/music: Sergey Vladimirovich MIKHALKOV/Aleksandr Vasilyevich ALEKSANDROV note: in 2000, Russia adopted the tune of the anthem of the former Soviet Union (composed in 1939); the lyrics, also adopted in 2000, were written by the same person who authored the Soviet lyrics in 1943 |
| Rwanda |
name: "Rwanda nziza" (Rwanda, Our Beautiful Country) lyrics/music: Faustin MURIGO/Jean-Bosco HASHAKAIMANA note: adopted 2001 |
| Saint Barthelemy |
name: "L'Hymne a St. Barthelemy" (Hymn to St. Barthelemy) lyrics/music: Isabelle Massart DERAVIN/Michael VALENTI note: local anthem in use since 1999; as a collectivity of France, "La Marseillaise" is official (see France) |
| Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha |
note: as a territory of the UK, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom) |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis |
name: "Oh Land of Beauty!" lyrics/music: Kenrick Anderson GEORGES note: adopted 1983 |
| Saint Lucia |
name: "Sons and Daughters of St. Lucia" lyrics/music: Charles JESSE/Leton Felix THOMAS note: adopted 1967 |
| Saint Martin |
name: "O Sweet Saint Martin's Land" lyrics/music: Gerard KEMPS note: the song, written in 1958, is used as an unofficial anthem for the entire island (both French and Dutch sides); as a collectivity of France, in addition to the local anthem, "La Marseillaise" remains official on the French side (see France); as a constituent part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in addition to the local anthem, "Het Wilhelmus" remains official on the Dutch side (see Netherlands) |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon |
note: as a collectivity of France, "La Marseillaise" is official (see France) |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
name: "St. Vincent! Land So Beautiful!" lyrics/music: Phyllis Joyce MCCLEAN PUNNETT/Joel Bertram MIGUEL note: adopted 1967 |
| Samoa |
name: "O le Fu'a o le Sa'olotoga o Samoa" (The Banner of Freedom) lyrics/music: Sauni Liga KURESA note: adopted 1962; also known as "Samoa Tula'i" (Samoa Arise) |
| San Marino |
name: "Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic) lyrics/music: none/Federico CONSOLO note: adopted 1894; the music for the lyric-less anthem is based on a 10th century chorale piece |
| Sao Tome and Principe |
name: "Independencia total" (Total Independence) lyrics/music: Alda Neves DA GRACA do Espirito Santo/Manuel dos Santos Barreto de Sousa e ALMEIDA note: adopted 1975 |
| Saudi Arabia |
name: "Aash Al Maleek" (Long Live Our Beloved King) lyrics/music: Ibrahim KHAFAJI/Abdul Rahman al-KHATEEB note: music adopted 1947, lyrics adopted 1984 |
| Senegal |
name: "Pincez Tous vos Koras, Frappez les Balafons" (Pluck Your Koras, Strike the Balafons) lyrics/music: Leopold Sedar SENGHOR/Herbert PEPPER note: adopted 1960; lyrics written by Leopold Sedar SENGHOR, Senegal's first president; the anthem sometimes played incorporating the Koras (harp-like stringed instruments) and Balafons (types of xylophones) mentioned in the title |
| Serbia |
name: "Boze pravde" (God of Justice) lyrics/music: Jovan DORDEVIC/Davorin JENKO note: adopted 1904; song originally written as part of a play in 1872 and has been used as an anthem by the Serbian people throughout the 20th and 21st centuries |
| Seychelles |
name: "Koste Seselwa" (Seychellois Unite) lyrics/music: David Francois Marc ANDRE and George Charles Robert PAYET note: adopted 1996 |
| Sierra Leone |
name: "High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free" lyrics/music: Clifford Nelson FYLE/John Joseph AKA note: adopted 1961 |
| Singapore |
name: "Majulah Singapura" (Onward Singapore) lyrics/music: ZUBIR Said note: adopted 1965; first performed in 1958 at the Victoria Theatre, the anthem is sung only in Malay |
| Sint Maarten |
name: "O Sweet Saint Martin's Land" lyrics/music: Gerard KEMPS note: the song, written in 1958, is used as an unofficial anthem for the entire island (both French and Dutch sides); as a collectivity of France, in addition to the local anthem, "La Marseillaise" is official on the French side (see France); as a constituent part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in addition to the local anthem, "Het Wilhelmus" is official on the Dutch side (see Netherlands) |
| Slovakia |
name: "Nad Tatrou sa blyska" (Lightning Over the Tatras) lyrics/music: Janko MATUSKA/traditional note: adopted 1993, in use since 1844; music based on the Slovak folk song "Kopala studienku" |
| Slovenia |
name: "Zdravljica" (A Toast) lyrics/music: France PRESEREN/Stanko PREMRL note: adopted 1989; originally written in 1848; the full poem, whose seventh verse is used as the anthem, speaks of pan-Slavic nationalism |
| Solomon Islands |
name: "God Save Our Solomon Islands" lyrics/music: Panapasa BALEKANA and Matila BALEKANA/Panapasa BALEKANA note: adopted 1978 |
| Somalia |
name: "Qolobaa Calankeed" (Every Nation Has its own Flag) lyrics/music: lyrics/music: Abdullahi QARSHE note: adopted 2012; written in 1959 |
| South Africa |
name: "National Anthem of South Africa" lyrics/music: Enoch SONTONGA and Cornelius Jacob LANGENHOVEN/Enoch SONTONGA and Marthinus LOURENS de Villiers note: adopted 1994; a combination of "N'kosi Sikelel' iAfrica" (God Bless Africa) and "Die Stem van Suid Afrika" (The Call of South Africa), which were respectively the anthems of the non-white and white communities under apartheid; official lyrics contain a mixture of Xhosa, Zulu, Sesotho, Afrikaans, and English (i.e., the five most widely spoken of South Africa's 11 official languages); music incorporates the melody used in the Tanzanian and Zambian anthems |
| South Sudan |
name: South Sudan Oyee! (Hooray!) lyrics/music: collective of 49 poets/Juba University students and teachers note: adopted 2011; anthem selected in a national contest |
| Spain |
name: "Himno Nacional Espanol" (National Anthem of Spain) lyrics/music: none/unknown note: officially in use between 1770 and 1931, restored in 1939; the Spanish anthem is the first anthem to be officially adopted, but it has no lyrics; in the years prior to 1931 it became known as "Marcha Real" (The Royal March); it first appeared in a 1761 military bugle call book and was replaced by "Himno de Riego" in the years between 1931 and 1939; the long version of the anthem is used for the king, while the short version is used for the prince, prime minister, and occasions such as sporting events |
| Sri Lanka |
name: "Sri Lanka Matha" (Mother Sri Lanka) lyrics/music: Ananda SAMARKONE note: adopted 1951 |
| Sudan |
name: "Nahnu Djundulla Djundulwatan" (We Are the Army of God and of Our Land) lyrics/music: Sayed Ahmad Muhammad SALIH/Ahmad MURJAN note: adopted 1956; originally served as the anthem of the Sudanese military |
| Suriname |
name: "God zij met ons Suriname!" (God Be With Our Suriname) lyrics/music: Cornelis Atses HOEKSTRA and Henry DE ZIEL/Johannes Corstianus DE PUY note: adopted 1959; originally adapted from a Sunday school song written in 1893 and contains lyrics in both Dutch and Sranang Tongo |
| Svalbard |
note: as a territory of Norway, "Ja, vi elsker dette landet" is official (see Norway) |
| Swaziland |
name: "Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati" (Oh God, Bestower of the Blessings of the Swazi) lyrics/music: Andrease Enoke Fanyana SIMELANE/David Kenneth RYCROFT note: adopted 1968; uses elements of both ethnic Swazi and Western music styles |
| Sweden |
name: "Du Gamla, Du Fria" (Thou Ancient, Thou Free) lyrics/music: Richard DYBECK/traditional note: in use since 1844; also known as "Sang till Norden" (Song of the North), is based on a Swedish folk tune; it has never been officially adopted by the government; "Kungssangen" (The King's Song) serves as the royal anthem and is played in the presence of the royal family and during certain state ceremonies |
| Switzerland |
"Schweizerpsalm" [German lyrics/music: Leonhard WIDMER [German note: unofficially adopted 1961, officially 1981; the anthem has been popular in a number of Swiss cantons since its composition (in German) in 1841; translated into the other three official languages of the country (French, Italian, and Romansch), it is official in each of those languages |
| Syria |
name: "Humat ad-Diyar" (Guardians of the Homeland) lyrics/music: Khalil Mardam BEY/Mohammad Salim FLAYFEL and Ahmad Salim FLAYFEL note: adopted 1936, restored 1961; between 1958 and 1961, while Syria was a member of the United Arab Republic with Egypt, the country had a different anthem |
| Taiwan |
name: "Zhonghua Minguo guoge" (National Anthem of the Republic of China) lyrics/music: HU Han-min, TAI Chi-t'ao, and LIAO Chung-k'ai/CHENG Mao-Yun note: adopted 1930; also the song of the Kuomintang Party; it is informally known as "San Min Chu I" or "San Min Zhu Yi" (Three Principles of the People); because of political pressure from China, "Guo Qi Ge" (National Banner Song) is used at international events rather than the official anthem of Taiwan; the "National Banner Song" has gained popularity in Taiwan and is commonly used during flag raisings |
| Tajikistan |
name: "Surudi milli" (National Anthem) lyrics/music: Gulnazar KELDI/Suleiman YUDAKOV note: adopted 1991; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan kept the music of the anthem from its time as a Soviet republic but adopted new lyrics |
| Tanzania |
name: "Mungu ibariki Afrika" (God Bless Africa) lyrics/music: collective/Enoch Mankayi SONTONGA note: adopted 1961; the anthem, which is also a popular song in Africa, shares the same melody with that of Zambia, but has different lyrics; the melody is also incorporated into South Africa's anthem |
| Thailand |
name: "Phleng Chat Thai" (National Anthem of Thailand) lyrics/music: Luang SARANUPRAPAN/Phra JENDURIYANG note: music adopted 1932, lyrics adopted 1939; by law, people are required to stand for the national anthem at 0800 and 1800 every day; the anthem is played in schools, offices, theaters, and on television and radio during this time; "Phleng Sansasoen Phra Barami" (A Salute to the Monarch) serves as the royal anthem and is played in the presence of the royal family and during certain state ceremonies |
| Timor-Leste |
name: "Patria" (Fatherland) lyrics/music: Fransisco Borja DA COSTA/Afonso DE ARAUJO note: adopted 2002; the song was first used as an anthem when Timor-Leste declared its independence from Portugal in 1975; the lyricist, Fransisco Borja DA COSTA, was killed in the Indonesian invasion just days after independence was declared |
| Togo |
name: "Salut a toi, pays de nos aieux" (Hail to Thee, Land of Our Forefathers) lyrics/music: Alex CASIMIR-DOSSEH note: adopted 1960, restored 1992; this anthem was replaced by another during one-party rule between 1979 and 1992 |
| Tokelau |
name: "Te Atua" (For the Almighty) lyrics/music: unknown/Falani KALOLO note: adopted 2008; in preparation for eventual self governance, Tokelau held a national contest to choose an anthem; as a territory of New Zealand, "God Defend New Zealand" and "God Save the Queen" are official (see New Zealand) |
| Tonga |
name: "Ko e fasi `o e tu"i `o e `Otu Tonga" (Song of the King of the Tonga Islands) lyrics/music: Uelingatoni Ngu TUPOUMALOHI/Karl Gustavus SCHMITT note: in use since 1875; more commonly known as "Fasi Fakafonua" (National Song) |
| Trinidad and Tobago |
name: "Forged From the Love of Liberty" lyrics/music: Patrick Stanislaus CASTAGNE note: adopted 1962; song originally created to serve as an anthem for the West Indies Federation; adopted by Trinidad and Tobago following the Federation's dissolution in 1962 |
| Tunisia |
name: "Humat Al Hima" (Defenders of the Homeland) lyrics/music: Mustafa Sadik AL-RAFII and Aboul-Qacem ECHEBBI/Mohamad Abdel WAHAB note: adopted 1957, replaced 1958, restored 1987; Mohamad Abdel WAHAB also composed the music for the anthem of the United Arab Emirates |
| Turkey |
name: "Istiklal Marsi" (Independence March) lyrics/music: Mehmet Akif ERSOY/Zeki UNGOR note: lyrics adopted 1921, music adopted 1932; the anthem's original music was adopted in 1924; a new composition was agreed upon in 1932 |
| Turkmenistan |
name: "Garassyz, Bitarap Turkmenistanyn" (Independent, Neutral, Turkmenistan State Anthem) lyrics/music: collective/Veli MUKHATOV note: adopted 1997, lyrics revised 2008; following the death of President Saparmurat NYYAZOW, the lyrics were altered to eliminate references to him |
| Turks and Caicos Islands |
name: "This Land of Ours" lyrics/music: Conrad HOWELL note: serves as a local anthem; as a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen" is the official anthem (see United Kingdom) |
| Tuvalu |
name: "Tuvalu mo te Atua" (Tuvalu for the Almighty) lyrics/music: Afaese MANOA note: adopted 1978; the anthem's name is also the nation's motto |
| Uganda |
name: "Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty!" lyrics/music: George Wilberforce KAKOMOA note: adopted 1962 |
| Ukraine |
name: "Shche ne vmerla Ukraina" (Ukraine Has Not Yet Perished) lyrics/music: Paul CHUBYNSKYI/Mikhail VERBYTSKYI note: music adopted 1991, lyrics adopted 2003; song first performed in 1864 at the Ukraine Theatre in Lviv; the lyrics, originally written in 1862, were revised in 2003 |
| United Arab Emirates |
name: "Nashid al-watani al-imarati" (National Anthem of the UAE) lyrics/music: AREF Al Sheikh Abdullah Al Hassan/Mohamad Abdel WAHAB note: music adopted 1971, lyrics adopted 1996; Mohamad Abdel WAHAB also composed the music for the anthem of Tunisia |
| United Kingdom |
name: "God Save the Queen" lyrics/music: unknown note: in use since 1745; by tradition, the song serves as both the national and royal anthem of the United Kingdom; it is known as either "God Save the Queen" or "God Save the King," depending on the gender of the reigning monarch; it also serves as the royal anthem of many Commonwealth nations |
| United States |
name: "The Star-Spangled Banner" lyrics/music: Francis Scott KEY/John Stafford SMITH note: adopted 1931; during the War of 1812, after witnessing the successful American defense of Fort McHenry in Baltimore following British naval bombardment, Francis Scott KEY wrote the lyrics to what would become the national anthem; the lyrics were set to the tune of "The Anacreontic Song"; only the first verse is sung |
| Uruguay |
name: "Himno Nacional" (National Anthem of Uruguay) lyrics/music: Francisco Esteban ACUNA de Figueroa/Francisco Jose DEBALI note: adopted 1848; the anthem is also known as "Orientales, la Patria o la tumba!" ("Uruguayans, the Fatherland or Death!"); it is the world's longest national anthem in terms of music (105 bars; almost five minutes); generally only the first verse and chorus are sung |
| Uzbekistan |
name: "O'zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi" (National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan) lyrics/music: Abdulla ARIPOV/Mutal BURHANOV note: adopted 1992; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan kept the music of the anthem from its time as a Soviet Republic but adopted new lyrics |
| Vanuatu |
name: "Yumi, Yumi, Yumi" (We, We, We) lyrics/music: Francois Vincent AYSSAV note: adopted 1980; the anthem is written in Bislama, a Creole language that mixes Pidgin English and French |
| Venezuela |
name: "Gloria al bravo pueblo" (Glory to the Brave People) lyrics/music: Vicente SALIAS/Juan Jose LANDAETA note: adopted 1881; lyrics written in 1810, the music some years later; both SALIAS and LANDAETA were executed in 1814 during Venezuela's struggle for independence |
| Vietnam |
name: "Tien quan ca" (The Song of the Marching Troops) lyrics/music: Nguyen Van CAO note: adopted as the national anthem of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945; it became the national anthem of the unified Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976; although it consists of two verses, only the first is used as the official anthem |
| Virgin Islands |
name: "Virgin Islands March" lyrics/music: multiple/Alton Augustus ADAMS, Sr. note: adopted 1963; serves as a local anthem; as a territory of the United States, "The Star-Spangled Banner" is official (see United States) |
| Wallis and Futuna |
note: as a territory of France, "La Marseillaise" is official (see France) |
| Yemen |
name: "al-qumhuriyatu l-muttahida" (United Republic) lyrics/music: Abdullah Abdulwahab NOA'MAN/Ayyoab Tarish ABSI note: adopted 1990; the music first served as the anthem for South Yemen before unification with North Yemen in 1990 |
| Zambia |
name: "Lumbanyeni Zambia" (Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free) lyrics/music: multiple/Enoch Mankayi SONTONGA note: adopted 1964; the melody, from the popular song "God Bless Africa," is the same as that of Tanzania but with different lyrics; the melody is also incorporated into South Africa's anthem |
| Zimbabwe |
name: "Kalibusiswe Ilizwe leZimbabwe" [Northern Ndebele language lyrics/music: Solomon MUTSWAIRO/Fred Lecture CHANGUNDEGA note: adopted 1994 |


Demonstrates how the Kubernetes health checks work to determine if a container is still alive (the liveness of the container) and ready to serve the traffic for the HTTP endpoints of the application (the readiness of the container).
To demonstrate this behavior, the application configures a /health
HTTP endpoint, which is used by Kubernetes
to issue HTTP requests. If the container is still alive—which means the Health HTTP endpoint is able to reply the
management platform will receive HTTP code 200 as a response, and no further action is taken.
This page is already invoking the Greetings Service each 5 seconds; after you click the
Stop Camel Context
button, the camel context will be stopped and thus the HTTP endpoint stops returning a 200 response,
and the platform then restarts the pod.


 Awesome, let's setup a free consultation and we'll get started.
Sell anywhere
Itching to sell products online, or even offline? Let's chat about it. I'll remove the pain points associated to running your store.
Bring your ideas to life
Are you an entrepreneur who wants to release the next big thing? Talk to me and I'll help you develop and mold it.
System automation and tools
Managing servers getting you down? No problem, hire me to automate the heck out of everything. Concentrate on your business!


A merry fella, who loved the smell of citronella, decided to take a few chlorella supplements every day in order to boost his health and wellbeing. [G|D]
Jack had always been fond of writing novels, but for his most recent novella he was inspired by the cheese-making process, especially the flagella which resemble the strings of mozzarella used to top pizzas. [G|D]
Despite his bad case of rubella, Jeff decided to sample some paella, an authentic Spanish dish served with a side of patella, one of the most popular ingredients in the region. [G|D]
After surviving a bout of salmonella, as well as taking regular precautions with an umbrella, Melinda decided to learn the tarantella, a folk dance that had brought her joy during the rainy season. [G|D]


 A pattern works best.
The clear button will stop and clear the board and generation counter
You can use the FASTER and SLOWER buttons to control the speed
Learn More:
WikipediaControls:


<< Back to Homepage
Making curves out of line segments. The code used here is adapted from the book Curve Stitching by Jon Millington.
Select a design: {{ option.name }}
{{ param.label }}: {{ selectedDesign.values[key]}}


Weather Alert System
Home
(current)
Weather
Welcome
Akwaaba
Loading Coverr...
Your browser does not support the video tag. I suggest you upgrade your browser.
Your browser does not support the video tag. I suggest you upgrade your browser.


{% extends "courselist/course_base.html" %} {% block title %}CloudSizzle | {{ faculty.name }} | Departments{% endblock title %} {% block courselistings %}
| Code | Departments and other units of the faculties |
|---|---|
| {{department.code}} | {{ department.name }} |
No departments
{% endif %} {% endblock %}


| Driver | From: | To: | Date | Car NoPlate | Car Model | |
| 1 | Jason Statham | Nairobi | Limuru | 13-Jun-2018 | KCK 006Y | Audi |
| 2 | Peter Oswago | Westlands | Umoja | 12-Jan-2018 | KBR 908D | Mark X |
| 3 | Christina Sass | Lavington | Andela,offices | 13-march-2018 | KCK 006Y | Aston Martin |
| Driver | From: | To: | Date | Car NoPlate | Car Model | |
| 1 | Jason Statham | Nairobi | Limuru | 13-Jun-2018 | KCK 006Y | Audi |
| 2 | Peter Oswago | Westlands | Umoja | 12-Jan-2018 | KBR 908D | Mark X |
| 3 | Christina Sass | Lavington | Andela,offices | 13-march-2018 | KCK 006Y | Aston Martin |


--- layout: components title: Tabs ---
Use the this standard structure to display .simple-tabs
. Tabs are left aligned by default. Note that there are 3 tabs sizes available. Simply add .is-small
, .is-medium
or .is-large
to the .tabs
container.
Add the .is-centered
class to the .tabs
div to center the tabs.
Add the .is-right
class to the .tabs
div to center the tabs.
Add a span
with class .icon
inside a tab link to add an icon before it.
Add a class the .is-boxed
modifier to make the navigation tabs boxed.
Add the .animated-tabs
class to the .navigation-tabs
wrapper to add an animation to the transitions.
Add the .translated-tabs
class to the .navigation-tabs
wrapper to add an animation to the transitions.
Add the .full-pills
class to the .navigation-tabs
wrapper to setup navigation pills. It is mandatory that you add a color in the same wrapper. Choose between .primary
, .secondary
, or .accent
, according to your theme colors.
Add the .full-pills.rounded
class to the .navigation-tabs
wrapper to setup navigation pills. It is mandatory that you add a color in the same wrapper. Choose between .primary
, .secondary
, or .accent
, according to your theme colors.
Add the .outlined-pills
class to the .navigation-tabs
wrapper to setup navigation pills.
Add the .outlined-pills
class to the .navigation-tabs
wrapper to setup navigation pills.
Add the .full-pills
class to the .navigation-tabs
wrapper to setup navigation pills. It is mandatory that you add a color in the same wrapper. Choose between .primary
, .secondary
, or .accent
, according to your theme colors.
Add the .full-pills
class to the .navigation-tabs
wrapper to setup navigation pills. It is mandatory that you add a color in the same wrapper. Choose between .primary
, .secondary
, or .accent
, according to your theme colors.


New Builds
Extensions
Loft Conversions
Renovations
We build many different styles of new build properties, from innovative design-led projects to traditional detached homes. To carry out your new build project, BDB can either provide a full design-build service or act as contractors taking over at the build stage once the plans have been drawn up and planning permission granted.
Building a new home requires good planning and organisation across a number of trades. Over the years we have formed very strong working partnerships with architects, surveyors, structural engineers, sub-contractors and trade specialists enabling us to provide you with a complete construction service supported by everyone involved with your project from start to finish.
A house extension can add value to your property and create the valuable extra living space you may need in your home.
We have experience of building all types of extension projects such as side, rear and rooftop extensions. If you are considering extending your home, there are two ways in which we can help you with your project. We can either be involved from the outset by meeting with you on site to go through your requirements, and then contracting or recommending a known architect to draw the initial plans and handle the planning and building regulations application.
Or, if you have already reached this stage then we can simply act as Contractors who take over the project at the build stage. Either way we can offer you guidance and advice throughout the project, giving you peace of mind.
We’ve been designing and creating loft conversions in Greater Manchester for over 60 years. To us, every loft conversion is unique; that’s why we’re on hand from the start, to guide you through every detail - from your free feasibility study through to your completed loft.
We’re proud of our discerning approach to design, quality construction and bespoke styling. If you’re planning a loft conversion we’ll have a dedicated team of experts and craftsmen on hand to make sure everything runs smoothly, professionally and on time.
We have carried out a variety of refurbishment projects across Dorset and have a wealth of experience in this type of work. This is largely due to the number rural properties in the surrounding area with unused outbuildings or barns which can either be beautifully restored to their original state, or carefully renovated to create a contemporary living space whilst retaining the property’s traditional character.
We can manage your project from start to finish with the care and detailed attention required to achieve high specifications, often carrying out specialist works for those bespoke features which make your home unique. This is only achieved by working closely as a team alongside our carpenters, plumbers, electricians and decorators all under one roof to create your ideal home.
With our BDB SPEED BUILD approach we will double the workload done in one day whilst maintaining our very high standards in order to complete the job in half the time
We work on your project from start to completion, meaning you don't have the hassle of sepaking to many different trades people, architects and planning inspectors. We do it all for you
With many years of experience within the commercial and domestic building industry, we make sure that your project remains on time and within budget. If we are late, we guarantee £100 per day penalty, which we will refund directly to you.
We offer a full design service, including full new build design, through to small extension design. Speak to us today, about your project.


--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
I am a recent college graduate looking forward to breaking into the tech industry. I hope to become a software engineer.


| 432 | (A) | witħ brode castełłs appon bakkes owte of burghe come |
| 434 | (C) | with brothe castellis on bakke . out of þe borowgħ comen |
| 434 | (D) | wiþ brood castels on bak out of þe borow comyn |
| 430 | (E) | with castellys on here bakkes . owt of þe town come |
| (Ex) | ---- no text ---- | |
| 447 | (L) | with brode castels on bak out of burwe come |
| 415 | (P) | with brade castels on bak out of þe burgh comen |
| 428 | (U) | witħ brode castels on her bak / out of the burgħ cam |
| (V) | ---- no text ---- |


I build websites and campaings for the biggest brands in Europe and in Finland by working mostly with digital and advertising agencies. I'm very experienced both at graphic design and at frontend development.
With my curiosity I've ended up doing not only design but writing, programming, SEO, leading projects, teaching, organizing events. I've done loads: worked in really big and in quite small companies, done freelancing and won a couple of awards with my teams. I'm active open source contributor and visionary free/share-economics activist.
- Photoshop
- Indesign
- Illustrator
- Flash (Frankly I've been trying to keep away from it nowadays)
Exchausting list of the techy stuff I'm familiar with
- Cross-browser, cross-platform -testing and debugging
- Wordpress (very strong knowledge!)
- Symfony2
- Crasman Stage CMS
- Facebook API
- PhoneGAP/Cordova for native mobile apps
- Google Maps API, OpenLayers and Leaflet (I'm pretty good in mapping stuff in general)
- Mediawiki
- CSS LESS & SASS preprocessors
- Grunt task runner
- jQuery (+UI, +Mobile)
- AngularJS
- MeteorJS
- Bootstrap
- Git & Subversion
- JavaScript
- CoffeeScript
- PHP
- Node
- LAMP
— more on LinkedIn
Worked for...
-
Byroo Ltd
Developer
4/2012—04/2014Byroo is an awesome digital advertising agency based in Helsinki. Clients include many of the biggest advertising agencies in Finland and notable brands. -
Into-Digital Ltd
Art Director
10/2010—05/2011Again I worked on the cutting edge of the Finnish digital media. -
Gemilo Ltd
Graphic designer
3/2010—8/2010Gemilo is a social media solution agency and was listed as one of the most interesting startups in Finland. My work included website designs and GUI-design for their products. -
Into-Digital Ltd
Art Director
5/2008—3/2009My work was really versatile in the area of digital media. Customers included many of the biggest companies and brands in Finland and in Europe. -
Älypää Ltd,
Graphic designer
Sanoma Digital Finland
11/2006—7/2008Graphic design for flash/mobile -games for alypaa.com and for their customers. Älypää is the biggest quiz online community in Finland with over 130 000 different visitors per week. Customers included many of the biggest companies and brands in Finland, such as Alko, Viking Line, Nindendo, SAK, S-ryhmä, Itella and many more. -
Raymond,
6/2007—4/2008
Cultureproduction-cooperativeFreelancer works I made previously under Raymond. -
Culture magazine Kulkuri
Editor
8/2007—11/2007Design, ad sales, distribution, writing and everything else. Kulkuri was a culture magazine and event calendar based in Jyväskylä, Finland. Distribution was 5000 / 2 weeks. I wrote articles for about one year to Kulkuri and before that to similar magazine Puimuri, which joined Kulkuri later on. -
Short: trainee / civil service
Jyväskylän ammattiopisto, media-assistant / civil service (non-military), 6/2004—6/2005
Advertising agency Mediataivas Ltd, trainee, 2 months in 2003
Media Cabinet Ltd, trainee 1 month in 2003
Also
Plenty of projects as a freelancer for big and small clients. I've worked from around the world; in Finland, Lithuania, Spain, Portugal, France, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore... Also I've been working with exhibitions, different little magazines, teaching and giving small lectures.During years 2006—2008 I was active with Live Herring -workgroup, making nordic media-art more visible by workshops, lectures and exhibitions. I was also active in consumer- and climate activism collective Carrotmob (2008—2010).
Honors
- 2010 — MTV3 Golden pixels winner, Berocca banner-campaing. It got reselected as "the best Golden pixel of 2010" in Grand One 2011. (Employer: Into-Digital, role: Flash developer)
- 2010 — Grand One 2010 winner, best Infodesign: Sun Sauna (Employer: Into-Digital, role: art director)
- 2009 — Grand One 2009 1st honorable mention, most effective online campaign: Finnmatkat (TUI) email campaing (Employer: Into-Digital, role: art director)
- 2007 — Participated to world skills (world championship competition) in Japan
- 2004 — Winner of Skills competition in webdesign
Talent is helpful but guts are absolutely necessary.
Language skills
Finnish: nativeEnglish: excellent
Lithuanian: basics
Swedish: basics


You're almost in Context. To get there, start the console:
Hm, you're still reading this. Too bad. Well, perhaps a few comments about the structure of this thing are in order.
Context is a programming language, in the form of a virtual operating system. It runs on multiple host platforms (like Linux, Mac OS, and Windows), and looks like a normal app on each platform. However, it presents the programmer with a platform-independent model of system resources (like files, sockets, devices, and processes), through an object-oriented programming interface. A virtual machine supports the programming interface on each platform, using appropriate platform-specific system calls.
A summary of features one may expect to work in each release is in FEATURES.html.
This file is part of the Context app, which takes the form of an Apple app directory tree, augmented to be self-revealing on Linux and Windows as well. When you start the app, it opens a console, from which you may control a set of Smalltalk systems. The console presents a list of all installed systems, describing what each one does and its current state. You can use the console to resume and suspend each one. You can also use the console to find and install additional systems from the net, and publish them there.
An object is a composition of state (a set of references to other objects) and behavior (sequences of instructions for manipulating those references). The instructions of an object's behavior are organized as methods, each of which corresponds to a message that the object understands. A Smalltalk system is a collection of objects sending messages to each other, thus invoking their behavior and changing their state.
The behavior is performed by an instruction processor, also known as a virtual machine. Each time an object sends a message to another object, the processor performs the instructions in the method corresonding to that message. To keep track of the receiving object of the message, which instruction it is performing, and intermediate results, the processor creates a context object corresponding to that particular invocation of the message.
In the course of performing a message, the processor will encounter instructions that describe sending another message. Each context keeps a reference to the context of the previous message the processor was performing. A chain of contexts is a process.
Other instructions direct the processor to perform a built-in operation, rather than send a message. These operations are primitives. There are primitives for basic functions that can be handled by the physical processor, like addition, and those which can be handled by the host operating system, like creating a network socket. The processor implements a process scheduling model. Some primitives request that the processor suspend the current process and run a different one instead. The processor uses the scheduling model to decide which process should run next.
Methods of instructions are generated by a compiler, from textual source written by humans or other objects. A compiler is an object like any other, part of the running system. In fact, source authors have an extensive set of tools (also known as an interactive development environment) for writing and compiling methods, all implemented as objects sending messages.
The source level is where humans typically reason about messages. The source of a method consists of one or more expressions. Here's an example of an expression:
3 squaredIn that expression, the receiver object 3 is sent the message "squared". The selector of the message is the symbol "squared". This is an example of a unary message; there are no parameters. When there is at least one parameter, the selector may be a sequence of colon-terminated keywords. When there is only one paremeter, the selector may be a lone operator with no colon. Here's an expression with a message whose selector is a lone operator:
3 + 4This is called a binary message. Here's an expression with a message whose selector is a sequence of keywords:
3 to: 11 by: 4This is called a keyword message. The selector has two keywords, one for each parameter.
Every object is an instance of a class object. The class keeps a set of methods corresponding to the messages that its instances understand. Classes are chained into a hierarchy; each class has a superclass and zero or more subclasses. When the processor performs the sending of a message, it looks for a method corresponding to that message in the methods of the receiving object's class. If it doesn't find one, it continues searching in the superclasses of that class. Because the processor searches for appropriate methods in this way, we say that an instance of a class inherits behavior from the superclasses.
A method author can direct the compiler to create and install methods in any class at any time, while the system is running. This makes the system dynamic. The system is always running, and every modification that can be made to the system can be done with the system. This makes the system reflective; it models itself. Even the processor is implemented as objects sending messages.
All the objects in the system together form the memory of the processor. Like a laptop's processor, the method instruction processor can make a snapshot of its memory at a particular moment, suspend operation, and resume operation with the snapshot later. This is known as suspending and resuming a memory. The console lets you discover and manipulate memory snapshots.
The app directory is also a git repository, with a submodule repo nested within it for each locally-installed memory. Note that none of this structure is signed for any host platform. I'll set up a separate site for downloading properly-signed releases. When newly cloned, the master repo contains multiple installed memories: a console memory, and a development memory for each supported Smalltalk distribution.
Currently, Squeak is supported. The next target is Pharo. We intend to support all distributions, including:
Please create an issue if we missed one. Thanks!
For each memory you want to install locally, clone its repo directory to .../context.app/Contents/RUNME/memories/.
The console memory contains the objects necessary to support essential object behavior, to grow itself through live synchronization with other memories, and to communicate through web services. A development memory has modules installed to support a development environment (a graphical interface, compiler, inspectors, debugger, etc.).
A system includes a pair of memories: a subject and a history. Each history memory records the edit history of its subject, and synchronizes it with other subjects. It has no direct human interface support (it's headless), because it only needs to communicate with its subject memory. It communicates via remote messages: messages from objects in one memory to objects in another memory (run by a processor on any net-connected physical machine).
The console memory is also headless; there's a web server running there. The Context app resumes the console memory, and the console memory resumes its web server. The Context app then opens a host web browser that visits the console web server. The behavior of the console (for example, resuming a GUI memory) is then provided as a web service.
The console can interpret command links, special URLs which encode commands for controlling memories. When you click on a command link, the initial console answers a web page asking which live memory should perform the command. The chosen memory asks for confirmation before proceeding, through its own console. One thing a command can prescribe is module installation, using synchronization information in the link. Module and links for installing them can be cited together on web pages, indexed by search engines for later discovery.
The console memory can become the history memory for another system. By installing modules, any memory can grow to include a set of apps. You can also unload modules.
You're almost in Context. To get there, start the console:


-- request map from Google Server, do NOT copy/paste the map in your own server as used to be. Google does not allow this any more -->


Structs
The following structs are available globally.
-
Undocumented
See more
-
Structures related to the batch device actions API. See http://wiki.afero.io/display/CD/Batch+Attribute+Requests .
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public struct DeviceBatchAction
-
A member object in a list of devices in a DeviceGroup.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public struct DeviceGroupMember: Hashable, CustomDebugStringConvertible
-
Undocumented
See more
-
Undocumented
See more
-
Undocumented
See more
-
Undocumented
See more
-
Undocumented
See more
-
Undocumented
See more
-
The set of attributes representing the current state of the device.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public struct DeviceState: ExpressibleByDictionaryLiteral, Equatable, CustomDebugStringConvertible, Hashable, SafeSubscriptable
-
Undocumented
See more
-
Undocumented
See more
-
Undocumented
See more
-
Undocumented
See more
-
Describes the types of media supported by a peripheral.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public struct ConnectionMediaTypes: OptionSet, CustomStringConvertible


Plugin API effecting all the instances of the officegen object.
Methods
-
staticmodule:lib/basicgen.plugins.getDocTypeByName(typeName)
-
Get a document type object by name.
This method get a document type object.Name Type Description typeName
string The name of the document type. Returns:
The plugin object of the document type. -
staticmodule:lib/basicgen.plugins.getPrototypeByName(typeName)
-
Get a document prototype object by name.
This method get a prototype object.Name Type Description typeName
string The name of the prototype object. Returns:
The prototype plugin object. -
staticmodule:lib/basicgen.plugins.registerDocType(typeName, createFunc, schema_data, docType, displayName)
-
Register a new type of document that we can generate.
This method registering a new type of document that we can generate. You can extend officegen to support any type of document that based on resources files inside ZIP stream.Name Type Description typeName
string The type of the document file. createFunc
function The function to use to create this type of file. schema_data
object Information needed by Schema-API to generate this kind of document. docType
string Document type. displayName
string The display name of this type. -
staticmodule:lib/basicgen.plugins.registerParserType(typeName, parserFunc, extra_data, displayName)
-
Register a new resource parser.
This method registering a new resource parser. One use of this feature is in case that you are developing a new type of document and you want to extend officegen to use some kind of template engine as jade, ejs, haml* or CoffeeKup. In this case you can use a template engine to generate one or more of the resources inside the output archive. Another use of this method is to replace an existing plugin with different implementation.Name Type Description typeName
string The type of the parser plugin. parserFunc
function The resource generating function. extra_data
object Optional additional data that may be required by the parser function. displayName
string The display name of this type. -
staticmodule:lib/basicgen.plugins.registerPrototype(typeName, baseObj, displayName)
-
Register a document prototype object.
This method registering a prototype document object. You can place all the common code needed by a group of document types in a single prototype object.Name Type Description typeName
string The name of the prototype object. baseObj
object The prototype object. displayName
string The display name of this type.


This project involved creative brainstorming on modifying the experience of a line to help us rapidly prototype paper methods to let us quickly test the usefulness of the ideas. Read more...


Old man, young babe & life of crime
Entrapment A Film Review By Michael Redman Copyright 1999 By Michael Redman
**1/2 (Out Of ****)
If the real world were like some recent Hollywood films, most of the couples strolling down the street would be 60 year old men with women in their 20s. The older women and younger guys would be left sitting around playing euchre.
This does happen occasionally although not at the frequency that Sean Connery and Clint Eastwood would have us believe. What is the appeal? Freud suggests that women look for their fathers and older men make good big daddies.
The more likely explanation, according to some theories, is the biological hardwiring left over from prehistoric days. Subconsciously, men seek childbearing potential and women look for protection from the dangerous beasties for their offspring. In our society older men are the more powerful. As Henry Kissinger supposedly observed, "Power is the ultimate aphrodisiac."
(Of course Kissinger's comment was self-serving, he being an extremely powerful man at the time. It would be like me proposing the idea that writing movie reviews is the ultimate aphrodisiac - and I can assure you that has _never_ worked.)
In the alternate dimension of cinema, the explaination is a bit simpler. A young romantic interest asserts the virility of the leading man and gives the males in the audience something to look at. As the adventure heroes age, they still have a box office draw, but need some propping up.
The film industry is slower in recognizing the appeal of mature women. There are a few roles available (Sigourney Weaver is over 50), but they are rare.
I could go on about this topic and am tempted to. It's much more interesting than the film this column is supposed to be about.
Connery is Robert "Mac" MacDougal, a famed art thief so successful that now he pulls jobs just for the thrill of it. When insurance investigator Virginia Baker (Catherine Zeta-Jones) convinces her boss that Mac is behind a recent theft, she's on his trail.
She teams up with Mac to catch him in the act. Or is she actually a thief herself and needs his help? Or is something else entirely going on?
And it's all just so-so.
The opening sequence involves a high-tech heist with the thief hanging upside down outside a skyscraper and breaking in to a heavily protected room. A half hour later one of the characters drops a supposed bombshell about that scene that anyone with eyes and half a brain has already figured out.
Connery is a charismatic as ever. As he ages, he is no longer the agile James Bond, but his acting skills have only increased. This is certainly not his greatest role, but it's virtually impossible for him to be uninteresting.
Zeta-Jones captured the imagination of the movie-going public in last year's "Zorro". She appears to have some talent, but here she's mostly eye candy for the males in the audience. A scene where she's clad in a skin-tight outfit and moving snake-like through a series of security lasers appears designed primarily to show us what an impressive posterior she possesses.
Surprisingly, most of the time there's not a great deal of chemistry between the two. They connect for a few moments, but usually it's as though they are in different rooms. This part of the formula doesn't work.
There is an abundance of wasted potential. Ving Rhames, as Mac's partner, is on screen for only seconds. Will Patton is Virginia's boss but his character is boring and serves no function. Maury Chaykin is something like you might expect if Marlon Brando played Jabba The Hutt, but is oddly understated for such an over-the-top role.
Understated may be the theme for the movie. Much of the action feels lame. The sexual tension doesn't click. The plot maneuverings are too often transparent.
The film features a few entertaining bits. The climax atop the world's tallest buildings in Kuala Lumpur features its share of excitement. A New Year's Eve theft depends upon a bank's last minute Y2K testing making this the first film to incorporate a millennium bug plot device.
The primary appeal is the two stars. Connery's screen presence is like an old friend. Zeta-Jones' butt is nice, but I'm not sure its worth the price of a ticket.
(Michael Redman has been writing a film column much like this one for over 23 years but refuses to believe he falls into the "older man" category yet. Comments about his delusions go to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>[This appeared in the 5/6/99 "Bloomington Independent", Bloomington, Indiana. Michael Redman can be contacted at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>--<EMAIL_ADDRESS>This week's film review: http://www.indepen.com/ Film reviews archive: http://us.imdb.com/M/reviews_by?Michael%20Redman Y2K articles: http://www.indepen.com/
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I would love to apply my web development skills and passion to make incredible projects with a great group of people. In the long term, I will continue building my skill set to contribute as much as possible to the Formstack team.
Education
2014-Present
BS Computer Science (in progress)
Purdue University - Indianapolis
2011-2014
AS Degree Computer Information Systems
Ivy Tech Community College
Graduated Cum Laude 3.7 GPA
Major courses: Web Development, Advanced Java Programming, Database Management, Systems Analysis and Design
Employment History
2003-Present
Emergency Communications Specialist
- (Madison County, IN) Responsibilities:


Why did I change packaged Chrome app version to hosted one?
Wow!  Later I'll put this entry somewhere else with less aggressive style.
When I started to work on
Dockery the plan was to learn Javascript and Angular a bit via a demo project. As I added more and more function, I started to use regularly during my
daily work, so I decided to share the app with others for free. One day my colleague Jens asked me why don't
try to release Dockery as Chrom app? I scratched my head, then fired up Google to search for some tutorials. Next day I released the packaged app into
the Chrome shop and checked the daily statistics of the installs :) Turning an Angular app to Chrome app is relatively easy with some extra spice, but
from the beginning I missed some features from the app: back button, opening URL by click, etc. I went through several tutorials, mailing archives and
blog entries, but there were no answer to my questions, how to make equally usable packaged app for Chrome like the hosted version.
Finally I decided to put Dockery on Github pages first, then change the app from packaged to hosted one. I hope it remains usable for everyone, but
please create an issue ticket on Github if you feel the necessity of the old, packaged app,
then I will try to do something.
The CORS enablement changed from Docker Remote API V1.18 The old setting:
--api-enable-cors
changed to:
--api-cors-header="http://foo.bar"
if you want to use hosted dockery, you need to add:
http://docker.io
to your docker host settings. The old setting is still working as '*' header configuration.
Check API docs for the details.
Ok, lets go back to the good old about stuff...
An about page is not so interesting thing isn't?
Dockery is a Docker host management and monitoring application with full container lifecycle support
Developer: Robert Stern (lexandro2000@(google's mail provider).com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexandro
GitHub source: https://github.com/lexandro/dockery
Reporting issues: https://github.com/lexandro/dockery/issues
Wiki: https://github.com/lexandro/dockery/wiki
Version: {{appVersion}}
Release notes:
0.3.0
- Add: added search for container diff
- Add: commit container as image (initial version, with basic validations)
- Add: login into the docker hub and/or insecure private repo(s)
- Add: push image to the repository
- Add: release notes to about/first run of new version
- Add: Add bootstrapping page to the app during the startup
- Fix: removed $promise and $removed properties from the pure json view in containerDetails
0.2.9
- Add: link containers in Create
- Add: show links in container details
- Add: release notes to about
- Fix: Create container on/off switch changed from radio to checkbox
- Fix: CSS/colspan on Repository view
- Fix: Xterm.js css wasn't imported
0.2.8
- Add: image search/pull (from the public repo)
- Add: copyright when released or published (xterm.js, json-formatter)
- Add: version info
- Add: remove button/entry to images list
- Add: clear finished tasks
- Fix: clicking on image in container list causes error (need to load all images into the rootscope)
- Fix: scrolling in window not enabled as chrome app
0.2.7
- Add: list active containers related to the image in image details
- Fix: add http/https prefix selector to host URL
0.2.6
- Add: tag list to the image details
- Fix: show image name in the image details
- Fix: use image ID in container list link, because the 'namespace/repo:tag' is forwarding to wrong
place
Mehh... I need someone who could write a cool about text for this app...


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History tab | This shows the requests in the order they were made |
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Search tab | This allows you to search all of the requests and responses |
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Breakpoints tab | This shows the Breakpoints set |
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Alerts tab | This shows the alerts raised on the application |
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Active Scan tab | This shows the active scans |
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Spider tab | This shows the URLs not yet visited |
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Params tab | This shows a summary of the parameters a site uses |
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Output tab | This shows various informational messages |
All but the most essential tabs can be hidden by clicking on the grey 'x' on the tab title.
You can display tabs you have hidden via the View Menu.
Hidden tabs may also appear when 'activated' by another action.