call_user_func
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)
call_user_func — 把第一个参数作为回调函数调用
说明
mixed call_user_func ( callable $callback [, mixed $parameter [, mixed $... ]]
)
第一个参数 callback 是被调用的回调函数，其余参数是回调函数的参数。
参数
callback
将被调用的回调函数（callable）。
parameter
0个或以上的参数，被传入回调函数。
Note:
请注意，传入call_user_func()的参数不能为引用传递。
Example #1 call_user_func() 的参考例子
以上例程会输出：
0
1
返回值
返回回调函数的返回值，如果错误则返回FALSE。
更新日志
版本 说明
对面向对象里面的关键字的解析有所增强。在此之前，使用双引号来来连接一个类
5.3.0 和里面的一个方法，把之作为参数来作为回调函数的会，将会发出一个E_STRICT的
警告，因为这个传入的参数被视为静态方法。
范例
Example #2 call_user_func() 的例子
以上例程会输出：
You wanted a mushroom haircut, no problem
You wanted a shave haircut, no problem
Example #3 call_user_func() 命名空间的使用
以上例程会输出：
Hello world!
Hello world!
Example #4 用call_user_func()来调用一个类里面的方法
以上例程会输出：
Hello!
Hello!
Hello!
Example #5 把完整的函数作为回调传入call_user_func()
以上例程会输出：
[test]
注释
Note:
在函数中注册有多个回调内容时(如使用 call_user_func() 与
call_user_func_array())，如在前一个回调中有未捕获的异常，其后的将不再被调用
。
参见
• call_user_func_array() - 调用回调函数，并把一个数组参数作为回调函数的参数
• is_callable() - 检测参数是否为合法的可调用结构
• callback 类型的信息
• ReflectionFunction::invoke() - Invokes function
• ReflectionMethod::invoke() - Invoke
User Contributed Notes 38 notes
===============================================================================
I benchmarked the comparison in speed between variable functions,
call_user_func, and eval. My results are below:
Variable functions took 0.125958204269 seconds.
call_user_func took 0.485446929932 seconds.
eval took 2.78526711464 seconds.
This was run on a Compaq Proliant server, 180MHz Pentium Pro 256MB RAM. Code
is as follows:
" );
$time = microtime( true );
for( $i = 5000; $i--; ) {
$x = 0;
$x += call_user_func('fa', '');
$x += call_user_func('fb', '');
$x += call_user_func('fc', '');
if( $x != 3 ) die( 'Bad numbers' );
}
echo( "call_user_func took " . (microtime( true ) - $time) . " seconds.
"
);
$time = microtime( true );
for( $i = 5000; $i--; ) {
$x = 0;
eval( '$x += ' . $calla . '();' );
eval( '$x += ' . $callb . '();' );
eval( '$x += ' . $callc . '();' );
if( $x != 3 ) die( 'Bad numbers' );
}
echo( "eval took " . (microtime( true ) - $time) . " seconds.
" );
?>
===============================================================================
A good use for call_user_func(); is for recursive functions.
If you're distributing code, you will often come across users who will rename
functions and break the code..
Use this: call_user_func(__FUNCTION__, ... ); inside a function to call itself
with whatever parameters you want.
Just that I didn't see any reference to recursive functions when user_call_func
(); really helps.
===============================================================================
call_user_func may also be used to call a closure or anonymous function that
has been passed into a user-defined function.
';
}
}
Benchmark(function()
{
for ( $i = 0; $i <= 10000; $i++ )
{ }
},
function()
{
$i = 0;
while ( $i <= 10000 )
{
$i++;
}
});
?>
Returns:
Time: 0.001652
Time: 0.001458
===============================================================================
if you simply want to dynamically call a method on an object it is not
necessary to use call_user_function but instead you can do the following:
{$method_name}();
?>
I've used the above so I know it works.
Regards,
-- Greg
===============================================================================
You don't need to use this function to call a variable class function. Instead
you can do the following:
$this->{$fnname}();
The example works in PHP 5 from within the class. It is the {} that do the
trick.
Regards,
Julian.
===============================================================================
Let say we construct somehow the name of the function. In some cases we can use
nested 'switch' but the alternative is to to use for and parse a string to
construct the function name, after than we also can construct and the
parameter(s) for it. It is like using of eval. I use it in one of my projects
to construct a name of nested array like $ar['1999'['july']['29']['19'], etc.
the problem is in that I'm parsing a string to construct the name. If I've
{1:2:3} the array name will be $ar['1']['2']['3'] but if i've
{1:2:3:4:5} it will be $ar['1']['2']['3']['4']['5'].
Eval is the only way (very hard because of characters escaping is needed) to
do it. So this function is of the type of EVAL().
USE IT wherever your script is 'self-modified';
===============================================================================
Note that the parser can interpret variables in function syntax, which means
you can pass all variables normally (eg: reference).
---
Hello World
1337
===============================================================================
I was trying to use this function to call a method of an already-instantiated
object. I needed to do this with the object itself, not simply call the class'
method.
To accomplish this, I really avoided this particular function altogether like
this:
{$action}();
}
?>
I hope someone else finds this useful. Note that doing this allows you to pass
params to the function more-or-less in the same way you would to any other
class method.
===============================================================================
I made a wrapper for call_user_func_array which is really simple and
convenient. It takes advantage of the __invoke() magic method :
function = $function;
}
public function __invoke(){
return call_user_func_array($this->function, func_get_args());
}
}
?>
Example :
===============================================================================
I tested the same code that insta at citiesunlimited dot com pasted on the
following machines:
www1 machine:
OS: FreeBSD 5.2.1-RELEASE
CPU: 2 x Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 2.66GHz (2657.82-MHz 686-class CPU) with
Hyperthreading
MEM:<PHONE_NUMBER> (1023 MB)
PHP 5.1.2 (cli)
PHP 4.4.1 (Web)
www2 machine:
OS: Linux version 2.6.14-gentoo-r5 Gentoo 3.4.3-r1, ssp-3.4.3-0, pie-8.7.7)
CPU: 2 x Dual Core AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 265 stepping 02 1808.357 MHz
MEM: 2060388k total
PHP 5.1.2 (cli)
PHP Version 4.4.0-pl1-gentoo (web)
dev machine:
OS: Linux version 2.6.15-gentoo-r1 Gentoo <IP_ADDRESS>50130-r1,
ssp-<IP_ADDRESS>50130-1, pie-<IP_ADDRESS>
CPU: Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 2.00GHz stepping 04
MEM: 516384k total,
PHP 4.4.0-pl1-gentoo (cli)
PHP Version 4.4.0-pl1-gentoo (web)
The result are as follows:
www1 - CLI
Variable functions took 0.012186050415 seconds.
call_user_func took 0.0300550460815 seconds.
eval took 0.17235994339 seconds.
www1 - Web
Variable functions took 0.017616 seconds.
call_user_func took 0.034926 seconds.
eval took 0.149618 seconds
www2 - CLI
Variable functions took 0.0065491199493408 seconds.
call_user_func took 0.019452095031738 seconds.
eval took 0.10734891891479 seconds.
www2 - Web
Variable functions took 0.01565 seconds.
call_user_func took 0.02613 seconds.
eval took 0.132258 seconds.
dev - CLI
Variable functions took 0.025176 seconds.
call_user_func took 0.047402 seconds.
eval took 0.168196 seconds.
dev - Web
Variable functions took 0.025465 seconds.
call_user_func took 0.049713 seconds.
eval took 0.20154 seconds.
On www1 - CLI, eval is about 14 times slower than calling function by using
variable.
On www1 - Web, eval is about 8.5 times slower (hmm interesting. Perhaps PHP4 is
faster calculating eval than PHP5)
On www2 - CLI, eval is about 16 times slower than calling function by using
variable.
On www2 - Web, eval is about 8.5 times slower (about same result as www1)
On dev - CLI, eval is about 6.6 times slower than calling function by using
variable.
On dev - Web, eval is about 8 times slower (about same result as www1)
On the dev machine, CLI and web version of PHP is the same. and their speed
difference between calling function using variable or eval does not differ that
much compare to PHP5 VS PHP5
===============================================================================
An entirely OO solution to add dynamicly methods to classes, I used in a
project:
data = $data;
}
public function register(ProductPlugin $plugin){
if(!in_array($plugin, $this->plugins)){
$this->plugins[$plugin->toString()] = $plugin;
} else {
throw new Exception('Function allready defined');
}
}
public function unregister(ProductPlugin $plugin){
if(isset($this->plugins[$plugin->toString()])){
unset($this->plugins[$plugin->toString()]);
} else {
throw new Exception('No such function');
}
}
protected function __call($method, $args) {
if(isset($this->plugins[$method])){
array_unshift(&$args, $this->data);
array_unshift(&$args, $this);
return $this->plugins[$method]->run($args[0], $args[1], $args[2
]);
} else {
throw new Exception('No such function');
}
}
} ?>
I simplified the class somewhat for clearity.
With this class, you can dynamicly add and remove classes by calling register
or unregister. Register will store the object in an associative array by
calling toString (as defined by ProductPlugin) and saving the method under the
returned string in the array. (In this case the name of the method the class
adds.)
When a method is called, which isn't standard in the object, _call will lookup
the called method in the array. If found, __call run the method of the plugin
with the provided arguments. I restricted the user provided argument to 1,
because I want to force the user to use associative arrays.
Because I chose an array to store my classes, removing a function is quite
simple. However the unregister function isn't optimal, I better pass a string
instead of a plugin object. I didn't test it yet on performance.
The ProductPlugin class:
name === null){
throw new Exception('Name must be defined');
}
$this->init($data);
}
protected function init($data){
}
public function toString(){
return $this->name;
}
}
?>
And at last some demonstration code:
'Hello world'));
$hello = new helloPlugin();
$bla->register($hello);
$bla->HelloWorld();
$bla->unregister($hello);
$bla->HelloWorld();
?>
===============================================================================
I had a problem where I wanted to parameterize a callback. The end called was
in an external class, but I needed to save some state for the callback that
didn't make sense to keep in the original object, as it might change from call
to call...
param = $aParam;
}
function callback($aStr)
{
echo "A=$this->param, B=$aStr\n";
}
}
?>
===============================================================================
Lets say that $a1 is an object and fn is a function then:
echo $a1->fn('hello world');
echo $a1->{"fn"}('hello world');
echo call_user_func(array($a1, 'fn'),'hello world');
Are three valid ways to do the same.
===============================================================================
replay to bkfake-php at yahoo dot com's comment:
that's not passing by referance, your explicitly setting the value of $testy's
member variable, infact, if you take the & out of your outsidefunc() it still
works...
===============================================================================
> This particular case will not work. The user functions can only be
successfully called (as the documentation alludes to), with static calls to
class functions.
actually it *does* work on PHP 5.0.2 (tested), and should also work on PHP
4.3.x (untested). Also the documentation does not state that only calls to
static class methods are possible, but it says clearly that calls to OBJECT
(thats dynamic) methods are possible: http://cz.php.net/manual/en/
language.pseudo-types.php (see under type callback)
===============================================================================
Based on the previous posts, it appears that using call_user_func can be
serveral times slower than using variable substitution. I think these results
are somewhat misleading.
I set up a similar test in which a static method of an object was called
repeatedly in a loop. I got similar results to those seen; when calling the
method using call_user_func the execution was twice that of calling the method
directly. However, I then started adding some "meat" to the method in question.
In my case, I found that what was constant was not the percentage change, but
rather that there is a fixed cost to using call_user_func.
In my case, this fixed cost was 2 microseconds per call. When executing a
method that performs no operations, this is a large percentage of the execution
time for that method. However, when using this on a method that actually
performs some work, the 2 microsecond cost is almost impossible to measure.
It seems to me that if you want to use call_user_func to call a very fast
executing method, and you need to do this thousands of times, then you may want
to reconsider. However, if you are using this to call methods that are not
executed thousands of times, the small fixed cost of using php call_user_func
is probably not an issue.
===============================================================================
>phil at gettcomm dot com
>22-May-2002 04:51
>if you need to get a reference back from a method, you can work around
>call_user_func()'s shortcomings like this:
>
Naaa! Having back a reference is a real problem, but it can be solved by mean
of eval(), instead of using call_user_func:
name = $name; }
function &getChild () { return $this->child; }
}
$p = new Node ( 'Father' );
$c = new Node ( 'Child' );
$p->child = &$c;
eval ( "\\$cref = &\\$p->getChild ();" );
$cref->name = 'Another Child';
// Prints out 'Another Child'
echo "****** After eval c = " . $c->name . "\\n\\n";
?>
===============================================================================
re comment by mw at lanfear dot com
I am using PHP 4.3.2 and that technique works fine here as well.
===============================================================================
This function is actually quite useful for calling static methods on classes,
which you CANNOT call as:
$v1 = 'MyClass';
$m1 = 'method';
$v1::$m1(); // syntax error -- not permitted.
The following, however, DOES work quite well, and is hopefully slightly faster
than eval() ...
$ar = array($v1, $m1);
call_user_func($ar); // works teh awes0me!!1!
[I am, however, presuming PHP5 here ...]
===============================================================================
It seems like call_user_func() can not be used to create Objects via the new
Command.
The Following example dosen't work:
But this works:
===============================================================================
callbacks, this par excellence, goes with set error handler, everywhere
you'ren't sure of extensio de intensionibus (animis alii).
===============================================================================
m_pRaiser = $pRaiser;
$this ->m_strRaiserFun = $strRaiserFun;
$this ->m_objArgs = $objArgs;
}//end of constructor
}//end of class Duke
class A
{
//protected:
function OnEventHandler( $sender, $args )//virtual
{
$sender ->SayHello();
}//end of OnEventHandler( $sender, $args )
//public:
function OnEvent( $pDuke = null )
{
if( $pDuke == null )
{
call_user_func( array( &$this, "OnEventHandler" ), $this, null );
return;
}
call_user_func( array( $pDuke ->m_pRaiser, $pDuke ->m_strRaiserFun ),
$pDuke ->m_pRaiser, $pDuke ->m_objArgs );
}//end of OnEvent( $pDuke )
function SayHello()//virtual
{
echo "A::SayHello" . "
";
}//end of SayHello()
}//end of class A
class B extends A
{
//public:
function SayHello()//override
{
echo "B::SayHello" . "
";
}//end of SayHello()
}//end of class B
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//Main import to test
//
$a = &new A();
$b = &new B();
$pDuke = &new Duke( $b, "OnEventHandler", null );
$b ->OnEvent();
$b ->OnEvent( $pDuke );
?>
===============================================================================
A simple event handler dispose released by useful callback in PHP 4.x
m_pRaiser = $pRaiser;
$this ->m_strRaiserFun = $strRaiserFun;
$this ->m_objArgs = $objArgs;
}//end of constructor
}//end of class Duke
class A
{
//protected:
function OnEventHandler( $sender, $args )//virtual
{
$sender ->SayHello();
}//end of OnEventHandler( $sender, $args )
//public:
function OnEvent( $pDuke )
{
call_user_func( array( $pDuke ->m_pRaiser, $pDuke ->m_strRaiserFun ),
$pDuke ->m_pRaiser, $pDuke ->m_objArgs );
}//end of OnEvent( $pDuke )
function SayHello()//virtual
{
echo "A::SayHello" . "
";
}//end of SayHello()
}//end of class A
class B extends A
{
//public:
function SayHello()//override
{
echo "B::SayHello" . "
";
}//end of SayHello()
}//end of class B
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//Main import to test
//
$a = &new A();
$b = &new B();
$pDuke = &new Duke( $b, "SayHello", null );
$b ->OnEvent( $pDuke );
?>
===============================================================================
Some of the wierder examples below confused me, and made me think that the
following would work (but it does!).
quartet = 'four';
}
function shop($one,$two,$three,$five='quintet'){
echo $one.','.$two.','.$three.','.$this->quartet.','.$five;
}
}
$bbsq = new bigBarber();
call_user_func(array(&$bbsq,'shop'),'one','two','three');
/* Output = one,two,three,four,quintet */
?>
===============================================================================
With overload()ed classes call_user_func_* calls real class methods only. If
the method does not exist then PHP does not try with the "__call()" magic
method (at least until PHP 4.3.3). See this:
\n";
return true;
}
function regular() {
echo "You called 'regular()'
\n";
}
};
overload("A");
$a = new A;
$a->regular(); // Works, calls regular()
call_user_func(array(&$a, "regular")); // Works, calls regular()
$a->hello(); // Works, calls __call()
call_user_func(array(&$a, "hello")); // Does NOT work!
?>
===============================================================================
The previous note I posted had an error in the source code. That has been
corrected in this note.
Note, that returning by reference does not work properly when the function
is called using call_user_func.
This example illustrates the problem...
\n";
print "globalVar: " . $globalVar . "
\n";
$result2 =& staticFunction();
$result2 = 3;
print "result2: " . $result2 . "
\n";
print "globalVar: " . $globalVar . "
\n";
?>
The above code results in the following output ...
Note that $result is not a reference to $globalVar.
result:0
globalVar: 0
result2: 3
globalVar: 3
Also, the use of call_user_method is now deprecated in favor of passing
array( &$object, $method ) as the function to call_user_func. This is
reported when error reporting is set to E_ALL in the latest versions of
PHP.
===============================================================================
I was trying to call multiple functions within a class, and after a brain
frying experience this is what came out... hope it helps:
$fp($id);
}
}
}
?>
It worked like a charm :).
===============================================================================
If you are trying to instantiate an object from a class whose name is dynamic,
you WILL NOT be able to do this with call_user_func() and I do not suggest that
you do it with eval(). The way to do it is actually much simpler than i
thought. As far as i know this works in PHP 4 and 5:
boo = $someVal;
}
}
$ClassToUse = "foo";
$bar = new $ClassToUse('test');
echo $bar->boo;
?>
===============================================================================
I re-ran the test insta outlined 9 years ago to see how things had changed.
Variable functions took 0.014201879501343 seconds.
call_user_func took 0.044676065444946 seconds.
eval took 0.17955899238586 seconds.
As expected, eval() is slowes by a wide margin, and variable functions are
fastest. However, 9 years ago there weren't closures, and so I added them to
the test for comparison.
closures took 0.012146949768066 seconds.
As you can see, closures ended up being the fastest, but all of these have
experienced improvements. I also increased the number of loops per test to
50,000 from 5,000. This was tested with PHP 5.5.9 on Ubuntu LTS.
The original test code was:
" );
$time = microtime( true );
for( $i = 50000; $i--; ) {
$x = 0;
$x += call_user_func('fa', '');
$x += call_user_func('fb', '');
$x += call_user_func('fc', '');
if( $x != 3 ) die( 'Bad numbers' );
}
echo( "call_user_func took " . (microtime( true ) - $time) . " seconds.
"
);
$time = microtime( true );
for( $i = 50000; $i--; ) {
$x = 0;
eval( '$x += ' . $calla . '();' );
eval( '$x += ' . $callb . '();' );
eval( '$x += ' . $callc . '();' );
if( $x != 3 ) die( 'Bad numbers' );
}
echo( "eval took " . (microtime( true ) - $time) . " seconds.
" );
?>
Here is the closures addition.
" );
?>
===============================================================================
In PHP v5.2, you /can/ use call_user_func(array($this,
'parent::SOME_FUNCTION')).
If you don't have custom __autoload() function, you are good to go.
If you do have custom __autoload(), you need to make it `parent' aware.
Something like:
Rationale: PHP 5.2 surprisingly tries to autoload a class named `parent'.
However, if you don't do anything in __autoload() for the `parent' class, it'll
work just fine.
===============================================================================
and hide some errors
(notices, warnings and maybe errors), even if is display_errors turned on and
error_Reporting is set to E_ALL|E_STRICT
===============================================================================
To send an object to your function by link, using call_user_func it's not
enough (in php4) to define func(&$obj) { ... }
You need: call_user_func("callback", &$myobj)
(in php5 objects are sending by link as default)
===============================================================================
I have found a case where the parameters ARE passed by reference
class test
{
function test()
{
$this->passme = '';
call_user_func('outsidefunc',$this);
// $this->passme is now 'not empty'
// with 5.1.2
// not so with php 4.3.10...
}
}
function outsidefunc(&$testy)
{
$testy->passme = 'not empty';
}
$test = new test();
echo 'passme = '.$test->passme;
===============================================================================
I would just like to say at first that I prefer variable function calls over
the use of this function.
However I found that at some times, the use of this function is needed in
situtations where variable function calls can not be used. And in those same
situations, the use of this function is also better than using eval.
The situation I ran into is this:
I wanted to call object methods dynamically from within the object but with
arguments given for possible parameters that the method I will call requires.
The parameters themselves are dynamic, meaning I have no prior knowledge of how
many their are, their values, or if they even exist.
Also because object methods are dynamic, meaning I have no prior knowledge
which object method will actually be called, I can not simply use variable
function calls, call the method and pass any parameters.
So what I simply do is call the object method with an array of parameters,
something that, to the best of my knowledge, can not be done with variable
function calls, since variable function calls, even though they themeselves are
dynamic, passing parameters to them is not.
===============================================================================
On PHP 4.2.3 (not sure about older releases) you can send objects by reference
by sending the reference from call_user_func()
doThis('hello');
return 0;
}
$myObj = new CObject();
call_user_func('myFunction', @$myObj);
?>
===============================================================================
if you need to get a reference back from a method, you can work around
call_user_func()'s shortcomings like this:
instance();
# so test is now a reference to $globalObj, just like it should be
# let's verify it:
$test->blah=1;
echo "
"; print_r($test)."\n"; print_r($globalObj); echo ""; # there, now it behaves just like you'd expect ?> =============================================================================== Actually, when calling a static method of some class, the params are sent by reference: x; } public function setX($val){ $this->x = $val; } } class Bar { static function incStatic(Foo $f){ $f->setX($f->getX()+1); global $foo; if($f === $foo) echo '' . __METHOD__ . '() objects are equal


OJO TAIWO OLUWAMOTEMI STEPHEN
About
Ojo Taiwo Oluwamotemi Steven, is a Electrical and Electronics Engineering and current student of OGITECH, Igbesa Ogun State. He obtained his ND degree from Interlink Polytethnic, Ijebu Jehsa, Osun State, Nigeria.
I am sure in my aptitude to create results. Of course, situations occur when the results aren't perfect, and when that does take place, I do my best to move the hat in a positive track.
I consider it's significant to continue to produce and learn. I'm always looking for opportunities, like seminars, webinars, and classes that can assist me in learning and cultivating at work and in my daily life.
I am diligent and set rational goals for myself. Once those goals are in position, I can then back out of them and build smaller goals to complete, so I can continuously appraise my presentation.
I was born on Febuary, 20th 1992
Contact
No,1 Palace Road, Ijankin Lagos State.
Phone number:+2348160237531
Email Address:ojotaiwosteven321@gmail
Projects
Education
| School |                Position | Year | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arise And Shine Nursery & Primary School, Igede- Ekiti. Ekiti State | Leaving School Certificate | 2007 | 96% |
| Ekiti Baptist Junior High School, Igede-Ekiti. Ekiti State Monument Future College, Lusaida, Ogun State |
Junior School Certificate School Certificate(WAEC) |
2010 2015 |
92.6% 85.7% |
| Interlink Polytethnic, Ijebu-Jehsa, Osun State Ogun State Institution of Technology(OGITECH) |
National Diploma (ND) till date |
2017 till date |
91.2% 95.5% |
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Update - Missing NMU student found unharmed
by Algoa FMPort Elizabeth police have confirmed that a Nelson Mandela University student who was reported missing, has been found unharmed.
Spokesperson, Colonel Priscilla Naidu, said 23-year-old Keenan Bouwer, was found at a flat on the beachfront on Friday.
Earlier, police issued a missing person's report after Bouwer was last seen on Wednesday when he left home in Heath Park to go to campus and later to cricket.
Police said his car was found on Friday.
However, no further details were made available.


| Function | __init__ | Undocumented |
| Function | info | Calls the appropriate function.
|
| Function | os | Returns a piece of information about the operating system P1tr is
|
| Function | python | Returns version of used Python version.
|
| Function | resources | Returns CPU/RAM usage in % and the amounts of RAM used in KB.
|
| Function | running_for | Returns, how long the last plugin load is ago (normally this equals
|
| Function | signal_char | Returns P1tr's signal char.
|
| Function | twisted | Returns version of the Twisted package P1tr is using.
|
| Function | uptime | Returns the system's uptime information.
|
| Function | version | Returns P1tr version.
|
| Function | _egrep_first_match | Undocumented |


Everything should be 100% responsive
Your website should be readable and work regardless of a users device or screensize. Don't break the functionality of HTML with CSS.
Tachyons + Material Design + Grabbag
v0.0.1
Your website should be readable and work regardless of a users device or screensize. Don't break the functionality of HTML with CSS.
Just because it's readable to you on your laptop, doesn't mean it is readable by your users. Make sure your type is big. Make sure your contrast is high.
Code isn't for making a developers life easier. It's for improving the lives of our users. If it's not doing that, why write it. A developer's time is not precious. A user's time is.
If a computer can do it, you shouldn't have to.
Single purpose classes that are easy to grock.
Tachyons isn't a monolithic framework. It's a collection of 47 self contained modules that can be mixed and matched or used independently. Pick what you want, leave the rest.
A flexible plugin framework for preprocessing css. View on Github
Base classes are mobile by default. Can be overridden by namespaced classes targeting larger breakpoints.
Who cares about colors. Unless you're painting a bikeshed.
Small css modules for debugging stacking and layout issues. Can easily be turned on or off during development.
Powers of two. Starting at .25
Take what you need. Leave the rest. The small single-purpose modules make it easy to grab only what you need without needing to figure out dependencies.
Infinitely nestable. Fully fluid. Extremely light-weight.
Minification, auto-prefixing, and so much more.
Tachyons is also available as a series of modules on npm and github that you can mix and match to suit your project's needs.
npm install --save-dev tachyons-module-name


MusicVis is a web application for visualizing sound. It is the outcome of a research independent study with the Fine Arts Department at the University of Pennsylvania, advised by David Comberg. MusicVis uses Web Audio API to interpret audio data into a string of circles drawn on HTML5 Canvas.


{{ part "tool" }}
{{ part "head" }}
{{ part "navi" }}
{{ part "breadcrumbs" }}
#{time.page_released.long}
{{ yield }}
{{ part "sns" }}
{{ part "news/recent" }}
{{ part "purpose/birth/folder" }}
{{ part "age/zero/folder" }}
{{ part "sub-menu/banner" }}
{{ part "pagetop" }}
{{ part "foot" }}


There are no tomorrow to pile up your work. TimeSync brings you lots of new features to connect and work easily with people around the globe.
Have you ever wanted a simple and convenient way to connect with people having different timezones . Here is the easier way.


Internships at startups, a national laboratory, and the aerospace defense industry have allowed me to learn more about what I want to pursue in my career.
I am currently looking for full-time employment starting spring 2022. I am primarily interested in developing autonomous systems. If my skillset matches an open position or you would like to discuss other opportunites, please feel free to reach out to me via my email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>LinkedIn, or the Contact page. Thank you!


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BOTANICAL
GARDEN
EXPLORATION
OF
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BAHAMAS
.
t.
,/
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Britton
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01497692
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Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


Some Girls Choose to Lock Their Some of their Picture for privacy purposes and will only reveal their photos to a Genuine Customers
Recent Profiles
Kayla Smith
Holden Hill
Message Me
Age 20-25Kayla Smith
Holden Hill
Message Me
Age 20-25Kayla Smith
Holden Hill
Message Me
Age 20-25Search Here
Map View
- KISS
- BD
- ST
- CBJ
- BBBJ
- DEEP T
- GF Exp
- test
- test1
Hi People, Please Report any fake Profiles, or Technical issues....


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}{% if is_ldap_configured %}{{ _('Invite a Guest')}}{% else %}{{ _('Invite another User') }}{% endif %} — {{ service_name }}{% endblock %} {% block content %}
{{ _('To invite %(user)s to %(service_name)s, please submit their email address using the form below. They will then receive an email which can be used to complete the registration process.', service_name=service_name, user=(_('a guest') if is_ldap_configured else _('another user'))) }}


vegeta
A command-line utility and a library for HTTP load testing.
See also `ab`.
More information: home page
- Launch an attack lasting 30 seconds:
echo "GET https://example.com" | vegeta attack -duration=30s
- Launch an attack on a server with a self-signed HTTPS certificate:
echo "GET https://example.com" | vegeta attack -insecure -duration=30s
- Launch an attack with a rate of 10 requests per second:
echo "GET https://example.com" | vegeta attack -duration=30s -rate=10
- Launch an attack and display a report:
echo "GET https://example.com" | vegeta attack -duration=30s | vegeta report
- Launch an attack and plot the results on a graph (latency over time):
echo "GET https://example.com" | vegeta attack -duration=30s | vegeta plot > path/to/results.html
- Launch an attack against multiple URLs from a file:
vegeta attack -duration=30s -targets=requests.txt | vegeta report


Serving all of central Pennsylvania
Rubber Bands - Bag of 100
$2.00
Grommets - Bag of 100
$5.00
Ink Caps - Bags of 500 (#11, 17, 20)
$15.00
Stencil Stuff - 8oz
$20.00
Spirit Thermal Image Paper 8.5" x 11"
$34.00
Defend Autoclave Pouches - 3.5"x5.25"
$9.00
Black Arrow Latex Gloves (S, M, L, XL)
Single Box - $10.00
Case - $85.00
Black Arrow Nitrile Gloves (S, M, L, XL)
Single Box - $9.00
Case - $80.00
A & D Ointment - 144 Pack
$12.00
Machine Bag Covers - 500 Box
$15.00
Plastic Cord Covers - 500 Box
$10.00
Bottle Bag - 200 Box
$15.00
Green Soap - 1 Gal
$16.00
Madacide - 1 Gal
$32.00
Detol - 16.9oz
$8.00
Tongue Depressors - 500 Box
$10.00
Dental Bibs - 500 Box
$25.00
Sharps Wall Container - 5 Quart
$9.00
Disposable Razors - 50 Box
$10.00
Heavy Duty Gem Foot Switch
$45.00
Gem Style Foot Switch - 8ft cord
$20.00
Silicone Clip Cord - 8ft
$10.00
Tattoo Pens (Black) - 10 Pack
$10.00
Dynamic Black - 8oz
$22.00
Intense Zuper Black - 8oz
$32.00
Talens Drawing Ink
$45.00
Startbrite Colors - 2oz
$15.00
Eternal Ink Colos - 2oz
$16.00
Standard WRTS Needles (50 Box)
3 RL $14.00
5 RL $17.00
7 RL $20.00
9 RL $21.00
11 RL $23.00
14 RL $25.00
7 Mag $20.00
9 Mag $21.00
11 Mag $23.00
13 Mag $25.00
7 Round Mag $20.00
9 Round Mag $21.00
11 Round Mag $23.00
13 Round Mag $25.00
TAT Soul -Envy Needles (50 Box)
3 RL $15.00
5 RL $20.00
7 RL $23.00
9 RL $27.00
14 RL $33.00
3 Round Tight Liner $15.00
7 Round Tight Liner $23.00
7 Mag $23.00
9 Mag $27.00
11 Mag $30.00
13 Mag $34.00
WRTS Disposable Tubes (20 Box)
Diamond Tip 3 $20.00
Diamond Tip 5 $20.00
Diamond Tip 7 $20.00
Diamond Tip 9 $20.00
Diamond Tip 11 $20.00
Diamond Tip 14 $20.00
Round Tip 3 $20.00
Round Tip 5 $20.00
Round Tip 7 $20.00
Round Tip 9 $20.00
Round Tip 11 $20.00
Round Tip 14 $20.00
Mag Tip 7 $20.00
Mag Tip 9 $20.00
Mag Tip 11 $20.00
Mag Tip 13 $20.00


Trailblazing
Makati City, represented by Mayor Abigail Binay (center), made it to the top 6 finalists in the Innovative Idea category of the World Smart Cities Awards held Wednesday in Barcelona, Spain. Makati is the sole Philippine finalist in the Smart City World Expo Congress.


The Army Knife is a powerful tool to perform ID3-Tag to Attribute assignment, Attribute to ID3-Tag assignment, parsing of filenames to fill attributes, and renaming files based on their attributes. It also includes an editor that lets you work with multiple files at once. It supports MP3, Ogg Vorbis and FLAC format.
Note, that to use Haiku's fast queries, the attributes have to be filled. On the other hand, to be useful on other platforms and stand alone players, the ID3 tags should be filled. Therefore, it's best to keep both in sync.
You start either by selecting your files and invoking the context menu Open With... and choose Army Knife or simply start Army Knife and add files via drag&drop. This is Army Knife's window, the opened files in a list to the right and controls to the left, depending on the selected mode:
There are three modes of operation, selected with the drop-down menu on top or switched with ALT ←/→:
At the top, you decide if you'd like to see and edit the Haiku attributes of the files or their ID3-Tags. The checkbox below decides if your changes will also apply to the respective other. All changes only affect the selected files and only after pressing Apply, which is the default when pressing ENTER. Also, only the checkmarked attributes/tags will be written to these files. The "Genre" field is a bit of a special case: If you choose to set a custom genre, only Haiku attributes will contain your text. ID3-Tags only show standard genres and will fall back to "Other". There's some convenient keyboard navigation when you have to edit a tag of single files, e.g. "Title" and "Track" of an album. The cursor can stay in the respective tag's text box while you select a new file with keyboard shortcuts:
|
You can copy the checkmarked fields either from Attributes → Tags or Tags → Attributes. Make sure you've got the direction right or you'll accidentally copy empty attributes over perfectly filled ID3-Tags! Better switch quickly over to the Edit mode to have another look... Again, changes take only effect on selected files after pressing Apply. |
You can either rename all selected files according to their attributes (Attributes → Name) or, conversely, fill attributes according to the filename (Name → Attributes). The filename is analyzed/build with a pattern, selected from the Filename drop-down menu. Above it is a legend describing what abbreviation corresponds to what attribute. \* is a wildcard you can use for parts that shouldn't go in any attribute. Of course, you can define your own pattern by choosing New.. from there. As usual, again changes take only effect on selected files after pressing Apply. |
If you find bugs or have a feature request, check out The Army Knife project page. If your issue wasn't reported already submit it!
Brian Tietz for Santa's Gift Bag.
YNOP for the excellent YTabView.
Technix for the UI suggestions.
ToBeOrNotToBe for his time and Ogg expertise.
The BeShare community for all of their help.
Be for THE Operating System.
The Haiku devs for making Haiku a reality.
And everyone else in the BeOS/Haiku community for making it what it is.


This is gautam karki and my hobbies is to travel new place and explore their culture and learn new things which give benefit in my entire life. I usually start my day with empty mind with heavy breakfast because I am really busy in the day I need to complete a lot of task. I can’t say I am talented but I am a good learner. On Sunday I am free of tension I don’t have any classes as well as work in this days I used to walk alone in in the road street or in sea beach where I can re generated my energy for a week. I am available for parties and funerals and I offer 50% discount if you will buy both in package.


Thank you for using Steamside!
This is a pre-alpha version, meaning things are shaky and there's
lots of work to do.
Please suggest and vote
for the features you want, you might just see them implemented.
Play nice and have fun!
Con
tinue
High
scores
101 games owned


Shipping Methods
Add shipping methods to existing regions or create a new region
Add a Country
Add a Country
Type your Country Name


Problems are everywhere. Their magnitude and impact might be different, but the general problem solving strategies are the same.I stuck in Kata strategies. I knew things were becoming more and more challenging.I was working in JS-gradebook on repl.it when i create a function to work average of students testScores. It is case senstive language I didnot put Capital 'S' in testscores. I received a error but my function is correct. then change the testScore then it works.This challenge taught me the importance of checking for spelling and syntax mistakes and using the error messages to help me solve the problem.
Every time I face a challenge.pseudocode a very important step in problem-solving process,It allows me to break the large challenge into smaller part tasks and to have a greater understanding of what code will do.
In this you have to try to solve problems if it works then its good if not then you have to spend more time to solve it.
In this method you will find your problem. I donot have a rubber ducky.But i spend some time with my baby.
In Javascript if any mistake in coding. then showing error message.Reading these messages carefully, it also help to debug the problem. for example it is syntex error, brackets etc.
console.log() is a function that writes a message to log on the console.
It is very valueable platform to find answers for every question.
All my team mates and facilitator are very helpful.when I stuck then everyone help me to solve the chalanges.
I have been working on challanges,I enjoyed in this sprint challanges like kata.I spend more time in JS gradebook and built-in-method. I will spend more time in summer break to learn coding.


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|
Performing on the New Zealand Folk Circuit
Agents and Tour Guides
Mike Moroney’s rough guide to touring in New Zealand is available at
http://www.kiwifolk.com/tourist.html.
Lamppost, operated by Louise
Evans, is a booking agent, and also makes the most of overseas musicians
visiting New Zealand, facilitating workshops and promoting contact with
interested people.
The Christchurch Folk Music Club
has produced maps of folk-friendly venues in the
North
and South
Islands.
Venues
Apart from folk clubs, the following contacts will
sometimes arrange paid concerts for folk performers. (A map of New Zealand is
available at
http://www.govt.nz/static/map.php.)
Mangaweka
Mangaweka Adventure Company
We are a small venue sitting on the banks of the Rangitikei River, a spectacular outdoor location gathering
guests from the Rangitikei and Manawatu. We run an afternoon of live music every Sunday throughout the summer and
are always looking for visiting musicians of all varieties of music to entertain.
Email address info(at)mangaweka.co.nz
Wellington
McGuinness Classics Inc
Gracelands
101 Gracefield Rd
Lower Hutt
Phone (04)586-1500
Fax (04)586-1501
Email address<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Web Site
http://www.mcguinnessclassics.co.nz
Roy McGuinness hosts concerts of folk and roots music from time to
time in his indoor showroom for classic cars.
Dave Barnes: Tawa
david.barnes(at)xtra.co.nz
Takaka
The Mussel Inn
Marlborough Sounds
Bruce Fergus
(whirlwood(at)clear.net.nz)
Christchurch
Nut Point Gallery
703 Old West Coast Rd
RD 1 West Melton
Christchurch 7671
Email: nutpointgallery(at)hotmail.com
Web Site: http://www.nutpointgallery.com/
Lyttleton
Harbour Light - Licensed Entertainment & Function Venue,
24 London Street, Lyttelton 8012, Canterbury, NZ.
(helen(at)harbourlight.co.nz)
Geraldine
Easy Way Cafe (easyway(at)xtra.co.nz)
Oamaru
The Penguin Club
Wanaka/Cardrona
Martin Curtis
(curtismr(at)xtra.co.nz)
Hawea
Claire Easterbrook
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Sympathetic Sound Systems
Not all operators of sound systems are sympathetic to folk music. The
following are "folk friendly".
Select Sound
Where: Canterbury
Website: http://www.selectsound.co.nz/
Festival Calendar
December/January
Whare Flat (new year)
Tui Farm (new year)
Laftah Festival (new year)
Auckland (last weekend)
February
Waihi Bush (Mid-Canterbury) (first weekend)
March/April
Canterbury (Easter)
Naseby (Bard, Ballads & Bulldust) (Easter)
Hamilton (Easter)
Kokukoku (Hokianga)
June
Waharau Winter Shakeup (near Auckland) (Queens Birthday weekend)
Whitestone (Herbert, north Otago) (Queens Birthday weekend)
Nelson Celtic school
August
Waharau (near Auckland) (first weekend)
October
Cardrona (third weekend)
Dunedin Celtic Festival (second weekend)
Wellington (third weekend)
November
Celtanz, Waitakere
See FESTIVALS for details.
|


2 writes to authenticationMechanism
System.Management.Automation (2)
engine\remoting\fanin\WSManNativeAPI.cs (2)
345
_cred.
authenticationMechanism
= authMechanism;
1589
internalInfo.proxyAuthCredentialsStruct.
authenticationMechanism
= WSManAuthenticationMechanism.WSMAN_FLAG_DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION;


This is the Age of Unbridled Narcissism, but Mr Key is of course a diffident and unassuming fellow. However, I would like to draw to your attention the programme for Devour! The Food Film Fest, to be held in Wolfville, Nova Scotia in November. Among the films to be shown is Sharon Smith's splendid adaptation of A Recipe For Gruel, described thus:
Animated and described cleverly by the best British voice you have ever heard, A Recipe for Gruel will charm and inform, but mostly charm.
Er … to be precise, it was animated by Sharon (aka Miss HatHorn) and narrated by Mr Key, but I am flattered by such praise. In case you have no idea what the Nova Scotians are talking about, you can listen to untold hours of that voice babbling away at the Hooting Yard On The Air archives at Resonance104.4FM.
When it has done the rounds of the film festivals, food-related and otherwise, A Recipe For Gruel will be available to watch online. I shall keep you informed.


| Features | Examples | Sub-features |
|---|---|---|
| geometric operations (various morphs) |
|
|
| brightness and contrast correction | 18 | |
| colour enhancement | 2 | |
| segmentation | 2 | |
| denoising | 2 |
| Features | Examples | Sub-features |
|---|---|---|
| geometric operations (various morphs) | $1 |
|
| Lemonade | $2 | 18 |
| Bread | $3 | 2 |


#include <display.h>
Public Members | |||
| NativeDisplayTester () | |||
| ~NativeDisplayTester () | |||
| void | TestDepth ( int depth ) | ||
| int | BestDetectedFormat () | ||
| BOOL | BestDetectedInvert () | ||
Static Public Members | |||
| int | CurrentScreenBitDepth () | ||
| U32 | CurrentScreenColors () |
Given the depth, computes the best PixelFormat. BestDetectedFormat and BestDetectedInvert should be valid after this call. Example: given a bit depth of 16, this could determine whether to use pix16A or pix16. For format choices, see the PixelFormat structure.
The PixelFormat, valid after a call to TestDepth.
"invert" refers to the orientation of display memory relative to the screen. If you display is drawn upside down, change this value.
[static]
CurrentScreenBitDepth returns the current depth of the display.
[static]
The number of colors the screen can display.


Entry Name: “DPST-Natthawut-MC1”
Team Members:
Natthawut Adulyanukosol; Development and Promotion of Science and Technology Talents Project, Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology, Thailand & Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand<EMAIL_ADDRESS>PRIMARY
Student Team: NO
Tools Used:
Data transformation and analysis: R (bsts, tidyverse, coda, bayestestR, doFuture, zoo), mapshaper (for geographical file conversion), Python (PyMC3 tried initially but dropped later, as R and its libraries found to be more suitable for this project)
Visualization: Vega, VSUP, Tableau, ggplot2
Web application: Vue, Nuxt, Vuex, Element UI
Deployment & Hosting: Netlify, Tableau Public
Cloud services: Google Compute Engine, Google Cloud Storage
Version control system (VCS): Git, GitHub
Integrated development environment (IDE): VS Code, RStudio, Jupyter on Colaboratory
Prototyping & Image editing: Sketch
Data sonification: TwoTone
Approximately how many hours were spent working on this submission in total?
200 hours
May we post your submission in the Visual Analytics Benchmark Repository after VAST Challenge 2019 is complete?
YES
Video
4-min summary: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s28CX9V8pRI
Data sonification: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U9pX0mjLUSo
Live Dashboard
https://vast2019.maxnadul.com or https://vast2019.netlify.com
Visual Analytics on Tableau
Repository
https://github.com/na399/VAST-Challenge-2019-MC1
Please click on the figures to view them in full size.
The answers are structured following the four-level nested model for visualization design and validation [Munzner2009].
Fig 0.1 The four nested levels of visualization design from Munzner2014, licensed under CC BY 4.0
Limit your response to 1000 words and 10 images. (1000/1000 & 8/10)
Emergency responders have damage intensity reports from citizen over time. They need to find neighbourhoods that certainly need help the most in real time.
Eq 1
The reported ratings are modelled by Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) with a local level state (Eq 1) [Scott2013]. The model yields a posterior probability distribution of the mean of rating () at each given time point in the time series. The mode of the posterior probability distribution is defined as a maximum a posteriori (MAP) probability estimate. The highest posterior density interval specifies a credible interval (CI). To put it simply, a MAP is the most likely value of the actual mean, and a CI shows the subjective probability of the most likely interval of the mean.
The main tasks of the visualization include discovery and summarization.
On this dashboard, the values and uncertainties of the MAPs are encoded with colours from the value-suppressing uncertainty palettes (VSUPs) [Correll2018]. (More details in the Q2 answer)
There are four visual representations.
All representations are assembled as Fig 1.1. They are in sync and interacting with one another.
Fig 1.1 The Dashboard with four visual representations
To perform data analysis, aggregation and transformation, we used R with several libraries, as mentioned above (scripts available here). The analysis is computationally intensive, involving Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. Hence, to reduce the loading time, we ran this analysis parallelly prior to the visualization creation and used the processed results for the visualization.
All visual elements and interactions are rendered and handled by Vega [Satyanarayan2016] with our specification JSON files (available here). Vega performs data parsing that may take lengthy time to initialize the visualization. Streaming live data may shorten the initialization.
The top panel of the dashboard shows the damage reports by neighbourhood at a given time point. In an actual situation, this panel may show real-time updates.
Fig 1.2 Top panel of the dashboard at 8:45 AM on 8 April
When the first major quake struck the city, with Error Bar Chart and Map in Fig 1.2, we can see the shake intensity reported by the citizen with degrees of uncertainty via VSUP. The reports were consistent with the shake map, where the north-eastern neighbourhoods felt the shake more strongly than the western neighbourhoods.
Located close to the centre point of the quake, Old Town #3 and Safe Town #4 were hit the hardest. The mean shake intensity of Old Town #3 was more certain than that of Safe Town #4, as shown by the 95% CI and the different shades of red.
The reports from Wilson Forest #7 were the least certain, because, perhaps, there were only few reports as it is a lightly populated area.
Fig 1.3 Bottom panel of Old Town #3
The bottom panel shows the hourly aggregated MAPs on Heat Map and the temporal progressions of MAPs with the amounts of received reports. Fig 1.3 shows that the Old Town #3 received large numbers of reports with high values immediately after the first quake on all categories of reports. With the large numbers of reports, we can be certain about the MAPs, and hence, the intensity of damage. Therefore, responders should consider rescuing this area first.
Fig 1.3 also illustrates that there are two periods of data missing from Old Town #3 after both quakes, perhaps due to the ongoing work on the electricity system (Fig 1.4). However, the durations were significantly longer than expected. The responders should investigate the situation further by getting results from other sources.
Fig 1.4 Additional information table
Fig 1.5 Multiple Heat Maps
Fig 1.5 shows that there were many hours of missing data in various neighbourhoods. The data were also missing for a considerable amount of time in neighbourhoods #7 - #10 without known ongoing works. While Scenic Vista #8 and Broadview #9 felt the shake lightly, the damage reports in all categories were higher than the surrounding neighbourhoods after both quakes. The damage reports had intensified before the first missing period. Since Scenic Vista #8 is home to the elite, we may receive abnormally higher ratings of damage reports from these residents.
It should be noted that, after any period of missing data, we will see accumulated reports get recorded once, as in Fig 1.6. Hence, this information is of the past.
Fig 1.6 2,951 reports of power damage 10 at 12 PM on 10 April at Old Town #3
We can also find neighbourhoods with missing data on Map. For example, in Fig 1.7, Scenic Vista #8 and Broadview #9 had high building damage, but the data were over 1 hour old. Interestingly, East Parton #18 had fresh data with a higher value than its surroundings. The additional information (Fig 1.8) suggests that it has masonry facades, which might be damaged.
Fig 1.7 Map for Buildings at 9:35 PM on 8 April
Fig 1.8 Additional information table sorted by Buildings
Limit your response to 1000 words and 10 images. (1000/1000 & 8/10)
Crowdsourced data may vary markedly, especially when the reports are based on subjective measurements. Therefore, the emergency responders should be informed about the uncertainty in the reports.
We defined uncertainty by 95% credible intervals range (CIR). The 95% threshold was set arbitrarily, yet we obtained reasonable representations. A CI lower bound starts at 0. However, an upper bound can be over 10, which is beyond the rating we have, so we capped it at 10 when we calculated CIR.
We had 3 and 4 tiers of CIR depending on the VSUP palettes. The cut-off thresholds of CIR were set by the extent of each colour in each tier. For example, the most certain tier in the four-tier VSUP palette has 8 colours. Each colour then spans the rating range of 1.25 (10 divided by 8). As a result, CIR also ranges from 0 to 1.25. The following tier has 4 colours, spanning 2.5 ratings. Hence, the next cut-off threshold is 2.5. CIRs of 1.25, 2.5 and 5 are close to Q1, Q2 and Q3 of CIR (Fig 2.1).
The main tasks include discovery and comparison.
Fig 2.1 Histogram of CIR coloured by threshold sets & Cumulative distribution of CIR
The CIR can be visually quantified from the horizontal width of the graded error bar, or the vertical width of the grey area in Line Charts.
Despite the effectiveness of the length channel in accurately presenting the quantitative information, the length channel has limited scalability. Instead of length, the colour channel is used extensively on this dashboard. The colours from the value-suppressing uncertainty palettes (VSUPs) encode both the values and uncertainties of the MAPs. That is, the VSUP compresses two data attributes into one visual channel. This has at least three main benefits to this dashboard.
Data aggregation was done in R. Vega could also perform such task on the client browser, but the task is too computationally intensive.
With the VSUPs, we can use the Multiple Heat Maps (Fig 1.5) to approximately quantify the uncertainties and compare them among neighbourhoods visually. In contrast, the normal colour palette, as in Fig 2.2, the quantification and comparison of uncertainties are not possible.
Fig 2.2 The normal colour palette on Heat Map shows that every neighbourhood is in grave danger for close to the entire period of observation
To compare the reliability accurately, we transferred the CIR to Tableau. In Fig 2.3, we found that Wilson Forest #7 had the lowest median CIR, possibly because of scarce reports, yet homogenized.
Fig 2.3 Box plots of CIR by neighbourhood
As we are interested in the aftermath, we may set a temporal scope. For example, in Fig 2.4, the reports over 24 hours after the major quake show that Scenic Vista #8 had the highest certainty, while Downtown #6 varied the most.
Fig 2.4 Box plots of CIR by neighbourhood 24 hours after major quake
From Fig 2.4, we observed that shake intensity CIRs are on the low end, while medical and power CIRs are on the high end. Fig 2.5, Fig 2.7 and Fig 2.8 confirm such observations. In Fig 2.5, Cheddarford #13 had the highest median of CIR. The MAP from this neighbourhood in the middle panel shows that the ratings ranged from low to mid values. The high value of CIR can be explained by Fig 2.6. Cheddarford #13 initially felt the hit from the first quake. Three and a half hours later, its residents began reporting that they were no longer shaking, while some other residents continued to report the shake intensity of the past. This conflict resulted in the increasing uncertainty of the results. Therefore, the delay in reporting should be considered.
Fig 2.5 Box plots of CIR and MAP of Shake Intensity by neighbourhood 24 hours after major quake
Fig 2.6 Bottom panel of Cheddarford #13
In Fig 2.7, The CIRs of power spread out considerably, especially when compared to Fig 2.5 of shake intensity. Perhaps, it is infeasible to quantify the level of damage to the power system.
Fig 2.7 Box plots of CIR and MAP of Power by neighbourhood 24 hours after major quake
Fig 2.8 shows that the CI of medical can spread widely, especially in the neighbourhoods with abundant reports. The reason could be that medical needs vary from person to person, and populous neighbourhoods had greater variations.
Fig 2.8 Box plots of CIR and MAP of Medical by neighbourhood 24 hours after major quake
While the CIR from BSTS explains the certainty and possibly the reliability of reports, we might need to seek further information to substantiate the reliability for the following reasons.
Damage reports are largely subjective. There should be benchmarks for calibration. For instance, given the same damage, we may record the intensity level each neighbourhood typically reports.
Sparsely populated neighbourhoods have sparse reports. Consequently, the CIR could be high and, hence, the certainty could be low. To mitigate this, we may set different thresholds for CIR for these thinly populated neighbourhoods.
Having mentioned the population size, it might not correlate with the numbers of reports, though. As the demographic (age & gender), socio-economic status, and many other factors might influence the report frequency. The reports may also be spammed by users. Therefore, we might need to investigate further if we wish to make the visual analytics more reliable.
Limit your response to 500 words and 8 images. (500/500 & 5/8)
Situations and incoming reports are dynamic. Is the uncertainty dynamic too?
We still used the BSTS. According to Bayes’ theorem, the posterior distribution () is proportional to the prior () times the likelihood (), as Eq 2.
Eq 2
We ran BSTS on the data once we have at least 5 data points from a category of a neighbourhood. The prior was simply set by a normal distribution with a mean of the first data point and an SD of 0.1 of the SD of all data points, which was the default setting. While this prior setting yielded reasonable output, we might have adjusted the priors with our beliefs, such as the known shake intensity and ongoing construction work that might affect the reports.
The likelihood here is the probability of having data we observed, or the evidence given the model. The more the evidence we have, the certain the posterior is. Once a posterior distribution is obtained, it is then used as a prior distribution at the next time point recursively.
As same as Q1-2
As same as Q1-2
After each quake, we had more reports and hence more evidence to certainly support the posterior distribution. Fig 3.1 shows progressions of MAP and CI at Safe Town #4 during the first major quake on 8 April. On the left end before the quake, the CIs were wide due to sporadic reports. Then, in the immediate moments after the quake, ample reports came in and narrowed the CIs. As time passed, we received fewer reports, and the CIs expanded again.
Fig 3.1 Line Charts from Safe Town #4
We then explored the distribution CIR over time (Fig 3.2). We observed the same pattern that the reports became certain right after the quakes and gradually spread out.
Fig 3.2 Box plots of CIR by hour over time
When we inspected the CIR from each category, the pattern remained the same, as in Fig 3.3. However, the shake intensity reports had the opposite trend (Fig 3.4). The CIR increased during the quake and dropped later. The reasons for the elevated CIR could be that the intensity was measured subjectively, and compounded by the delay in reporting as mentioned in Fig 2.6. (Other categories can be viewed on Tableau Public.)
Fig 3.3 Box plots of CIR in Buildings by hour over time
Fig 3.4 Box plots of CIR in Shake Intensity by hour over time
Fig 3.5 Heat Maps of Neighbourhood #6 - #9
We may explore the uncertainty change over time by neighbourhood with Heat Maps via VSUP, as in Fig 3.5. Interestingly, ratings of some categories from Downtown #6 and Broadview #9 were relatively certain before the pre-quake. Downtown #6 has Trauma Hospital, which may explain the medical need. In both neighbourhoods, ongoing work was only on the road system, but the reports suggested problems in other categories.
Limit your response to 200 words and 3 images. (200/200 & 3/3)
We analyzed the temporal stream of data dynamically. For simplification, we subsequently combined the dynamic results as static files. In reality, we may run the analysis script on a server and stream the results to clients.
We used BSTS with a local level state that takes only preceding data to model the upcoming data, so using either a dynamic or static collection would, theoretically, produce similar results. However, if we were to use methods that rely on smoothing or rolling average, such as LOESS (Fig 4.2), the results would be different.
If we were to analyze a static dataset once by BSTS, we would still have had to annotate the periods when the reports were missing. When data is missing in time series, BSTS pursues a complete random walk, which results in an expansion of uncertainty (Fig 4.3) rendering it impossible to assess the situation. In reality, the missing data could be due to power outage, while the damage remains as is or aggravates. Therefore, the visualization should flag missing data to let responders realize that they must get information via other means. The latest data can be displayed to guide the decision but should be used cautiously (Fig 1.3).
Fig 4.1 Comparisons of BSTS models on a stream of dynamic data (blue) a static dataset (green) of shake intensity at Old Town #3. The model with static data rose before the quakes, possibly due to interpolation in the model when data was missing.
Fig 4.2 Comparisons of plotting models on a static dataset of shake intensity at Old Town #3: LOESS (salmon), rolling average with window of 5 (turquoise), average (grey)
Fig 4.3 Random walks of BSTS when data is missing
Correll M, Moritz D, Heer J (2018), “Value-Suppressing Uncertainty Palettes,” in Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ’18, vol. 272, no. 7286, pp. 1–11, doi:10.1145/3173574.3174216.
Munzner T (2009), “A Nested Process Model for Visualization Design and Validation,” IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 921–928, doi:10.1109/TVCG.2009.111.
Munzner T (2014), Visualization Analysis & Design. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Satyanarayan A, Russell R, Hoffswell J, Heer J (2016), “Reactive Vega: A Streaming Dataflow Architecture for Declarative Interactive Visualization,” IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 659–668, doi:10.1109/TVCG.2015.2467091.
Scott S L, Varian H R (2013), “Predicting the Present with Bayesian Structural Time Series,” SSRN Electron. J., pp. 1–21, doi:10.2139/ssrn.2304426.
Shneiderman B (1996), “The eyes have it: a task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations,” in Proceedings 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, pp. 336–343, doi:10.1109/VL.1996.545307.


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AirFitness is a workout scheduling and payment system for personal trainers and their clients to create a personal workout that is updated live so that they both see the same informtion. Signing up is quick, easy, free and secure. We use the Stripe payment system so that there is no extra work for either the trainer or client to deal with. All billing is handled automatically. Your personal data is safe with us, we utilize the highest levels of server security and encryption.
The menu provides a choice of trainers for the clients to choose from. The trainers are able to easily create a menu of categories on the types of workouts they provide, ie. yoga, insanity, ripped, high, pilates, etc. This makes it easy for clients to search through for the best trainer and types of workouts each of them provide. The categories sections makes it easy for the trainer as the client sees the same interface and can see what all the trainer provides. So its easy for the client to narrow down the type of workouts they need at certain times and find the best trainer available for that time.
At any time trainers can create classes and provide important information about the class, date, time, location, duration of workout. Once the client has decided what kind of workout they want, its an easy matter of finding a trainer inside the category of that workout that best fits their schedule. So the client is able to manage appointments with many different trainers in many different types of workout that best fit their lifestyle. This allows for the trainer to schedule multiple clients in many different exercise disaplins quickly so that clients are made immediately aware that they are available.
All training appointments are sold as punchcards of 10 sessions. This makes it convenient for both the trainer and client to cancel and reschedule and not be commited to a certain date or time. Automatic notifications are sent out when either the trainer or client make changes to class scheduling or class attendence. No more wading through giant websites and trying to synchronize it with your schedule, all appointments can be viewed in out built in calender. Now your workout routine for the month can be viewed in a glance. And remember, this app is free, you get all this convenience for free.


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India's First 400kV Fully Digital Substation
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The facilities/whitespace.h
header defines macros used to remove whitespace from an argument.
#include <chaos/preprocessor/facilities/whitespace.h>
The CHAOS_PP_NO_LEADING
macro removes leading whitespace from its argument.
CHAOS_PP_NO_LEADING
(...)
The argument whose leading whitespace is to be removed.
This macro removes leading whitespace (if any) from its argument by concatenating a placemarker to the first preprocessing token of __VA_ARGS__
.
This macro is only useful for subsequent production of string literals (via the stringizing operator) or header-name preprocessing tokens of the h-char-sequence form.
#include<chaos/preprocessor/config.h>
#include<chaos/preprocessor/facilities/empty.h>
#include<chaos/preprocessor/facilities/whitespace.h>
#ifCHAOS_PP_VARIADICS
#define SPACECHAOS_PP_EMPTY
()CHAOS_PP_EMPTY
() #define A(...) __VA_ARGS__ #define B(...)CHAOS_PP_NO_LEADING
(__VA_ARGS__) !A(SPACE X) // ! X !B(SPACE X) // !X #endif
The CHAOS_PP_NO_LEADING_ID
macro indirectly expands to CHAOS_PP_NO_LEADING
.
CHAOS_PP_NO_LEADING_ID
()
This macro effectively allows CHAOS_PP_NO_LEADING
to pass through itself without becoming disabled.
The CHAOS_PP_NO_LEADING_
macro expands to a λ expression representing CHAOS_PP_NO_LEADING
.
CHAOS_PP_NO_LEADING_
This macro is a shorthand form of the following λ binding:
The CHAOS_PP_NO_TRAILING
macro removes trailing whitespace from its argument.
CHAOS_PP_NO_TRAILING
(...)
The argument whose trailing whitespace is to be removed.
This macro removes trailing whitespace (if any) from its argument by concatenating a placemarker to the last preprocessing token of __VA_ARGS__
.
This macro is only useful for subsequent production of string literals (via the stringizing operator) or header-name preprocessing tokens of the h-char-sequence form.
#include<chaos/preprocessor/config.h>
#include<chaos/preprocessor/facilities/empty.h>
#include<chaos/preprocessor/facilities/whitespace.h>
#ifCHAOS_PP_VARIADICS
#define SPACECHAOS_PP_EMPTY
()CHAOS_PP_EMPTY
() #define A(...) __VA_ARGS__ #define B(...)CHAOS_PP_NO_TRAILING
(__VA_ARGS__) A(X SPACE)! // X ! B(X SPACE)! // X! #endif
The CHAOS_PP_NO_TRAILING_ID
macro indirectly expands to CHAOS_PP_NO_TRAILING
.
CHAOS_PP_NO_TRAILING_ID
()
This macro effectively allows CHAOS_PP_NO_TRAILING
to pass through itself without becoming disabled.
The CHAOS_PP_NO_TRAILING_
macro expands to a λ expression representing CHAOS_PP_NO_TRAILING
.
CHAOS_PP_NO_TRAILING_
This macro is a shorthand form of the following λ binding:
The CHAOS_PP_CLEAN
macro removes leading and trailing whitespace from its argument.
CHAOS_PP_CLEAN
(...)
The argument whose leading and trailing whitespace is to be removed.
This macro removes both leading and trailing whitespace (if any) from its argument by concatenating a placemarker to both the first and the last preprocessing token of __VA_ARGS__
.
This macro is only useful for subsequent production of string literals (via the stringizing operator) or header-name preprocessing tokens of the h-char-sequence form.
#include<chaos/preprocessor/config.h>
#include<chaos/preprocessor/facilities/empty.h>
#include<chaos/preprocessor/facilities/whitespace.h>
#ifCHAOS_PP_VARIADICS
#define SPACECHAOS_PP_EMPTY
()CHAOS_PP_EMPTY
() #define A(...) __VA_ARGS__ #define B(...)CHAOS_PP_CLEAN
(__VA_ARGS__) [A(SPACE X SPACE)] // [ X ] [B(SPACE X SPACE)] // [X] #endif
The CHAOS_PP_CLEAN_ID
macro indirectly expands to CHAOS_PP_CLEAN
.
CHAOS_PP_CLEAN_ID
()
This macro effectively allows CHAOS_PP_CLEAN
to pass through itself without becoming disabled.
The CHAOS_PP_CLEAN_
macro expands to a λ expression representing CHAOS_PP_CLEAN
.
CHAOS_PP_CLEAN_
This macro is a shorthand form of the following λ binding:


By
When opening a tab
When closing a tab
When opening a link in a new tab
Note: features that rely on Shift
and Ctrl
will not work properly on internal pages such as
Speed Dial or Settings. Additionally, switching to one of these tabs while holding Shift
or Ctrl
,
then releasing the key will confuse the extension. You will need to press and release the key again on a non-internal page
for the extension to recognize that you have released the key.
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Tell me about it on Github. You can use Opera's addons site too, but Github is much easier for me to work with.
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Speech
Lord Nash, Schools Minister, urges academies to use their freedoms to drive good governance.
Thanks Nick (Weller, IAA Chair). Firstly, I would like to say how much I appreciate everything all of you have done to transform the lives of thousands of children, particularly those from poorer backgrounds.
I know that your tireless support for the academies programme, and your invaluable advice, to new converters and sponsors and on IEBs , has been greatly appreciated across the political divide and has helped greatly with the capacity and capability of academies. As an academy sponsor myself, I know just what this support and advice means to the head teachers, chairs of governors, and other senior leaders who are leading radical change to extend opportunities to all children. And I’m delighted to see so many of you represented here today.
There’s no doubt that without your determination and commitment to excellence, the academies programme would not have made the progress it has to date.
Progress which has seen thousands of academies open in the past 2 years; seen standards in sponsored academies rising at a record rate and faster than in similar local authority schools; and seen academies proving hugely popular with parents.
Nearly 60% of all secondary schools are now academies or in the process of becoming so. And we have turned 200 of the worst-performing primary schools into academies supported by a stronger sponsor - an area in which we’re especially keen to accelerate progress.
I’ve personally seen how this shift in the education landscape is dramatically changing children’s lives for the better.
When I and my wife became sponsors of Pimlico Academy - thanks in no small part to your president, Andrew Adonis, a truly great man - the school was failing on almost every count. It had been in special measures, with poor results, poor behaviour and very low morale among staff and students.
And yet, thanks to the talent and dedication of our excellent team, the school achieved an ‘outstanding’ Ofsted rating just over 2 years after it opened.
Nothing I have been involved in in my business life comes close to this experience of seeing the power of education in action, and there’s certainly nothing else that would have attracted me to become a government minister.
And I know it’s a passion everyone in this room and beyond, in academies and free schools, up and down the country, shares, because there’s never been a more important time in our country’s recent history to work in education.
In our increasingly competitive world, more than ever our future rests in the hand of our young people - and in the education they receive.
We have many excellent schools, but there are too many that are falling behind and failing their children - large numbers of whom are leaving school without basic literacy and numeracy skills.
If we are to give them the opportunities they deserve, there’s no time to lose when it comes to transforming our education system - which means tackling underperformance head-on and ensuring all schools do what the very best schools are doing. Like you, I believe the academies programme represents our best chance of achieving this.
This government trusts head teachers, senior leaders and teachers to deliver the system led change and school to school support that is needed. And we believe that the academy structure with clear autonomy, accountability and complete control over one’s finances is the way to achieve this. People ask me what about federations - well hard federations can be very effective too but without the clear financial autonomy and feeling of ownership that comes with academy status I see it as a second best model.
Effective innovation, as your conference theme acknowledges, is key to this school to school, system led support.
One of the biggest strengths of becoming an academy is the autonomy it gives teachers to run schools, free from interference by politicians and bureaucrats.
I want academies and free schools to make full use of these freedoms to do what so many of the best schools are doing - promoting academic rigour, high aspiration, innovative curricula and terms that attract and reward the best teachers. These schools also often have a longer school day, provide plenty of extracurricular and sporting activities and have good relationships with their local business and professional communities to help with for instance work experience, careers advice and governance, and to help raise their pupils aspirations.
And, as we all know, one of best ways of driving this greater ambition is through good governance - an area in which many of your members shine.
We can see this through the examples of those presenting workshops on governance later this afternoon. There’s Landau Forte Charitable Trust, with its long heritage of independence and a governing body that takes a real interest in what is going on in the classroom - something I would like to see more governors doing.
And there’s the David Young Community Academy and the Brooke Weston Trust, which have both broken new ground in effectively developing tailored pay scales and contracts of employment.
Pay reform is something that all schools need to be considering in line with the proposed extension of performance-related pay - something we believe is much fairer than the current arrangements that see virtually all full-time teachers automatically move up to the next pay level each year, regardless of their impact on pupils’ achievements.
Schools should be thinking now about how they will deliver pay reform and revising their pay policies accordingly. My department has already published advice on this, which includes a model pay policy that all schools can adapt to meet their needs, and the National College for Teaching and Leadership will also be offering training for governors.
The lead that governing bodies take on this issue is key, as it is on all strategic matters relating to their schools. This is why improving governance is central to my priorities.
The Education Select Committee has shone further light on this pivotal subject with the publication today of its report on governance. I am very grateful to the committee for all the work that has gone into the report and will study it with care before responding properly.
But it is clear that we’re fully agreed on the importance of good governance in an increasingly autonomous landscape - with greater freedom must come robust accountability.
We know from Ofsted that where schools are not good, governance is often an area that requires improvement and so it is right that Ofsted has sharpened its focus in this area.
As the people who appoint the head teacher and hold them to account, governors make a huge difference to their schools. This is precisely why we should make it easier for them to do a good job, but also why we need to have higher expectations of them.
We need to be absolutely clear about what we expect - which is for every school to have a dynamic governing body that is ruthlessly focused on what really matters - raising standards.
This means having a body that leaves the day to day running of the school to the head and instead focuses tightly on its core functions: setting strategy and vision, holding the head to account for pupil attainment and staff performance, and making sure money is well spent.
Although the detail of these functions can be delegated to sub-committees, everybody on the governing body needs to be able to engage at this strategic level of debate.
This is why it’s also vitally important that governing bodies are the right size and are made up of people with the right skills and experience, including a strong chair.
Personally, I’m not keen on big governing bodies. Lord Adonis asked me if he could cite Pimlico in his book because with 7 governors we apparently had the smallest governing body in the country. This surprised me greatly as coming from the business world it would by no means be regarded as a small board of directors.
I have seen examples of great schools with much larger governing bodies which, is fine in good times. But life teaches you that when things are not going so well, problems are better resolved with a smaller number of people.
I’m certainly not opposed to parents and staff being on the governing body, but people should be appointed on a clear prospectus and because of their skills and expertise as governors; not simply because they represent particular interest groups.
Just as we shouldn’t confuse volunteer with amateur, nor should we confuse governance with representation - representation which can be done much more effectively through parent and teacher representative groups and student bodies.
When it comes to recruiting governors, I’m keen that we should have the widest possible pool of talent to draw on.
Running a school is in many ways like running a business, so we need more business people coming forward to become governors, alongside public servants such as doctors, police officers and civil servants.
This is why I am so pleased that SGOSS - the governor recruitment charity my department is funding - is looking to expand substantially the proportion of schools it works with over the next 12 months.
As regards governors already doing the job, I would like to see more of them getting into classrooms - not to judge the quality of teaching, but so they know what is being taught.
To my mind, there seems to be far too much emphasis on structures in education to the exclusion of all else; too much on the ‘how’, and not enough on the ‘what’. This is a bit like a director of a business being obsessed with human resources and IT , but having little interest in what the company makes.
It’s only when governors know what happens in classrooms that they can really judge whether their curricula, especially at primary and key stage 3, are rigorous enough for the tougher exams that are coming pupils’ way.
And in terms of developing governors themselves, we would very much encourage schools to invest in training, especially to help governors interpret and act on performance and financial data.
But as important as it is to strengthen professional development, good governance goes beyond individuals. It’s ultimately about structures that can stand the test of time. And, it’s in this light, that I would urge all schools to review their governance arrangements.
Conversion to academy status is a great opportunity for schools to carry out a review and not hold back on letting go of any passengers on their governing bodies. It has become easier for all schools - academies and maintained schools - to adopt a size and structure that suits their needs and puts pupils ahead of adults.
But I’m concerned to hear that not enough schools are taking advantage of these freedoms.
The Academies Commission, for example, found that many converting schools are not reforming their governance in line with their new goals.
I’ll be looking to see what we can do to change this and encourage more schools to be bolder about this, both at the point of conversion and beyond.
Having said that, I’m excited to see innovation and collaboration in governance arrangements across groups of schools, and it’s in this area, in particular, that academy chains are leading the way.
In a number of places we can see governing bodies of high performing schools taking on the governance of other schools as part of a multi-academy trust. And in other areas, individual academies are retaining their governing bodies and gaining from the good practice and rigorous scrutiny of an overarching trust.
It’s no surprise that a number of those in the running for the governance award to be presented tonight have excelled in precisely these areas.
Someone I was speaking to recently summed it up rather well: “There is enough resource in the country to improve our education to make it highly internationally competitive. It’s down to how we organise this resource together.”
And it’s true, that we’re incredibly fortunate, in this country, to have some of the best heads and teachers in the world. But their talent and commitment shouldn’t be restricted to just their schools. It should be celebrated and harnessed to spread excellence throughout the system.
When you have a system with a substantial but limited number of really good people you have to do 4 things:
So we want to see more outstanding schools sponsoring weaker schools. I want to see strong multi-academy trusts and secondary schools doing more, in particular to engage with their feeder primaries and create local clusters to improve performance.
We’ve been actively recruiting to encourage sponsors to do this and have had a great response, which is hugely encouraging.
We need good people and good schools to do more - something that, as academies, many of you do as second nature.
Sadly, for many children, especially those from poorer backgrounds, school is sometimes the only anchor in lives that are otherwise chaotic and troubled.
It may be their only marker of stability, their only source of good role models, their only safe haven.
We owe to them to make the wealth of talent, commitment and ambition that we have in our education system go much further, so that every child, no matter where they come from, has a chance to aim for a brighter future - something that I know we all want to see.
Thank you.
Published: 8 July 2013
From: Department for Education Lord Nash
Part of: Teaching and school leadership


At its core, django-registration is built around the idea of pluggable backends which can implement different workflows for user registration. Although the default backend uses a common two-phase system (registration followed by activation), backends are generally free to implement any workflow desired by their authors.
This is deliberately meant to be complementary to Django’s own pluggable authentication backends; a site which uses an OpenID authentication backend, for example, can and should make use of a registration backend which handles signups via OpenID. And, like a Django authentication backend, a registration backend is simply a class which implements a particular standard API (described below).
This allows for a great deal of flexibility in the actual workflow of registration; backends can, for example, implement any of the following (not an exhaustive list):
To determine which backend to use, the views in django-registration accept a keyword argument backend; in all cases, this should be a string containing the full dotted Python import path to the backend class to be used. So, for example, to use the default backend, you’d pass the string 'registration.backends.default.DefaultBackend' as the value of the backend argument (and the default URLconf included with that backend does so). The specified backend class will then be imported and instantiated (by calling its constructor with no arguments), and the resulting instance will be used for all backend-specific functionality.
If the specified backend class cannot be imported, django-registration will raise django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured.
To be used as a registration backend, a class must implement the following methods. For many cases, subclassing the default backend and selectively overriding behavior will be suitable, but for other situations (e.g., workflows significantly different from the default) a full implementation is needed.
This method implements the logic of actually creating the new user account. Often, but not necessarily always, this will involve creating an instance of django.contrib.auth.models.User from the supplied data.
This method will only be called after a signup form has been displayed, and the data collected by the form has been properly validated.
Arguments to this method are:
After creating the new user account, this method should create or obtain an instance of django.contrib.auth.models.User representing that account. It should then send the signal registration.signals.user_registered, with three arguments:
Finally, this method should return the User instance.
For workflows which require a separate activation step, this method should implement the necessary logic for account activation.
Arguments to this method are:
If the account cannot be successfully activated (for example, in the default backend if the activation period has expired), this method should return False.
If the account is successfully activated, this method should create or obtain an instance of django.contrib.auth.models.User representing the activated account. It should then send the signal registration.signals.user_activated, with three arguments:
This method should then return the User instance.
For workflows which do not require a separate activation step, this method can and should raise NotImplementedError.
This method returns a boolean value indicating whether the given HttpRequest is permitted to register a new account (True if registration is permitted, False otherwise). It may determine this based on some aspect of the HttpRequest (e.g., the presence or absence of an invitation code in the URL), based on a setting (in the default backend, a setting can be used to disable registration), information in the database or any other information it can access.
Arguments to this method are:
If this method returns False, the register() view will not display a form for account creation; instead, it will issue a redirect to a URL explaining that registration is not permitted.
This method should return a form class – a subclass of django.forms.Form – suitable for use in registering users with this backend. As such, it should collect and validate any information required by the backend’s register method.
Arguments to this method are:
This method should return a location to which the user will be redirected after successful registration. This should be a tuple of (to, args, kwargs), suitable for use as the arguments to Django’s “redirect” shortcut.
Arguments to this method are:
For workflows which require a separate activation step, this method should return a location to which the user will be redirected after successful activation. This should be a tuple of (to, args, kwargs), suitable for use as the arguments to Django’s “redirect” shortcut.
Arguments to this method are:
For workflows which do not require a separate activation step, this method can and should raise NotImplementedError.


Required field! Too long, use fewer characters!
Based on the maps directive
Based on the webcam directive
This is going to be sweet!


--- title: "Search" lastmod: 2018-12-30T00:00:00 draft: true type: docs maths: true output: blogdown::html_page: toc: false linktitle: "Search" menu: docs: parent: Search site weight: 30 ---


OVERSCROLL.JS
Overscroll.js, is a small javascript library, giving you the ability to peek and show small easter eggs when the screen is scrolled beyond the height of the window.
(It's a touch based ios/osx thing)
By Tim Holman
•
I don't get it?
•
Source & Instructions
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Tweet


The user interaction mode indicates whether the system is designed for touch interaction or mouse interaction. Apps can use this information to guide their choice of layout. To change the mode on a PC, click the Tablet mode button in Action Center.
The current user interaction mode is . The spacing between the items below will change depending on the mode. (To make the difference easier to see, we also change the color of the items.)


Comments
- Build a PostreSQL Automated Failover in 5 minutes
- PAF 2.2 rc1 released
- PAF, auto failover and more at PGConf.eu 2016
- New repository for bloat estimation queries
- Partitioning and constraints part 1 - UNIQUE
-
Btree bloat query - part 4
- 029 Kaarel Moppel
-
Bloat estimation for tables
- 030 Vinayak Pokale
- Btree bloat query changelog - part 3
- More work and thoughts on index bloat estimation query
- Playing with indexes and better bloat estimate
- Normalizing queries for pg_stat_statements < 9.2
-
Using pgBagder and logsaw for scheduled reports
- 018 gilles
- phpPgAdmin 5.0.2 in Debian unstable !
- 2nd chance for my PGCon 2011 Lightning Talk
- GSoC project "New phpPgAdmin Plugin Architecture" accepted
- Let's play with PostgreSQL network dumps!
- New phpPgAdmin Website
- GSoC project ideas for phpPgAdmin
- Problems and workaround recreating implicit casts using 8.3+
- « Install done. »
Total number of comments: 30


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CALS --- CALS Type 1
(GDAL >= 2.1)
CALS Type 1 rasters are untiled back and white rasters made of a 2048-byte text header in the
MIL-STD-1840 standard, followed by a single datastream compressed with CCITT/ITU-T
Recommendation 6, aka Group 6, aka CCITT FAX 4. CALS Type 1 rasters are one of
the 4 types of formats described by MIL-PRF-28002C (this standard is now deprecated).
Other types are not handled by this driver.
This driver supports reading and creation of CALS Type 1 rasters. Update of
existing rasters is not supported.
A CALS dataset is exposed by the driver as a single-band 1-bit raster with a
2-entry color table.
Metadata
The following metadata items might be exposed by the driver (or read from the
input dataset to generate a cor
- PIXEL_PATH: First value of the "rorient" header field, measured
in degrees counterclockwise from the positive horizontal axis (east). The pel path
value represents the number of degrees the image would have to be rotated
counterclockwise in order to display the image with proper viewing orientation.
The permissible values for the pixel path direction shall be "0", "90", "180", or "270".
0 is the typical value. If PIXEL_PATH=0 and LINE_PROGRESSION=270, neither are
reported.
- LINE_PROGRESSION: Second value of the "rorient" header field.
The line progression direction is measured in degrees counterclockwise from the
pel path direction.
The permissible values for the line progression direction shall be "90" or "270".
270 is the typical value. If PIXEL_PATH=0 and LINE_PROGRESSION=270, neither are
reported.
- TIFFTAG_XRESOLUTION: Scan X resolution in dot per inch, from the
"rdensty" header field. TIFFTAG_XRESOLUTION and TIFFTAG_YRESOLUTION are always equal in CALS.
- TIFFTAG_YRESOLUTION: Scan Y resolution in dot per inch, from the
"rdensty" header field. TIFFTAG_XRESOLUTION and TIFFTAG_YRESOLUTION are always equal in CALS.
Creation issues
Only single band 1-bit rasters are valid input to create a new CALS file. If
the input raster has no color table, 0 is assumed to be black and 1 to be white.
If the input raster has a (2 entries) color table, the value for the black and white color
will be determined from the color table.
See Also: