--- title: Replacing missing values in R author: Chong Kim date: '2020-01-05' slug: replacing-missing-values-in-r categories: [] tags: - missing values - R - analysis subtitle: '' summary: '' authors: [] lastmod: '2020-01-05T04:07:43Z' featured: no image: caption: '' focal_point: '' preview_only: no projects: [] ---
So I’m a regular visitor of the r/rstats
subreddit and recently there was a post about replacing missing values using a certain logic.
Specifically here is the problem:
Below is a dataframe where each row represents a city and the idea is to fill the missing unemployment rate. The OP (original poster) wanted to fill in the NA
columns based on the mean value of the unemployment rate of the same State
and Size
. So let’s start with an example dataframe
NOTE: You can find the original code here.
The reason I’m putting all the code together is to show the different ways R
can be used to solve the problem and also assess which route is the fastest.
library(dplyr)
unemployment_rate_vals <- c(0.01, 0.17, 0.19, NA, 0.21, 0.14, 0.02, NA, 0.26, 0.27,
0.21, 0.28, 0.23, 0.16, 0.1, NA, 0.23, 0.03, 0.11)
state_vals <- c("KC", "WA", "CA", "KC", "WA", "KC", "CA", "CA", "WA", "CA", "KC",
"CA", "CA", "KC", "CA", "KC", "KC", "CA", "WA")
size_vals <- c("Big", "Medium", "Big", "Big", "Medium", "Small", "Big", "Medium",
"Medium", "Big", "Small", "Medium", "Medium", "Big", "Medium", "Big", "Big",
"Big", "Small")
df <- tibble(unemployment_rate = unemployment_rate_vals, state = state_vals, size = size_vals)
df
# A tibble: 19 x 3
unemployment_rate state size
<dbl> <chr> <chr>
1 0.01 KC Big
2 0.17 WA Medium
3 0.19 CA Big
4 NA KC Big
5 0.21 WA Medium
6 0.14 KC Small
7 0.02 CA Big
8 NA CA Medium
9 0.26 WA Medium
10 0.27 CA Big
11 0.21 KC Small
12 0.28 CA Medium
13 0.23 CA Medium
14 0.16 KC Big
15 0.1 CA Medium
16 NA KC Big
17 0.23 KC Big
18 0.03 CA Big
19 0.11 WA Small
There are 3 ways people have coded the solution and I’ll briefly talk about them
The tidyverse syntax is the most intuitive for me so I’ll start with it
f1 <- function(df, state, size, unemployment_rate) {
state <- enquo(state)
size <- enquo(size)
unemployment_rate <- enquo(unemployment_rate)
df %>% group_by(!!state, !!size) %>% mutate(unemployment_rate = ifelse(is.na(!!unemployment_rate),
mean(!!unemployment_rate, na.rm = TRUE), !!unemployment_rate))
}
res <- f1(df, state, size, unemployment_rate)
res
# A tibble: 19 x 3
# Groups: state, size [6]
unemployment_rate state size
<dbl> <chr> <chr>
1 0.01 KC Big
2 0.17 WA Medium
3 0.19 CA Big
4 0.133 KC Big
5 0.21 WA Medium
6 0.14 KC Small
7 0.02 CA Big
8 0.203 CA Medium
9 0.26 WA Medium
10 0.27 CA Big
11 0.21 KC Small
12 0.28 CA Medium
13 0.23 CA Medium
14 0.16 KC Big
15 0.1 CA Medium
16 0.133 KC Big
17 0.23 KC Big
18 0.03 CA Big
19 0.11 WA Small
There are some rlang
based coding going on due to my desire to use less quotes in function arguments (look into NSE if you’re interested!). Basically, the state
, size
, and unemployment_rate
arguments should be unquoted.
plyr
The plyr
syntax isn’t bad but not as intuitive compared to the tidyverse
way
library(plyr)
f2 <- function(df, state = "state", size = "size") {
df <- ddply(df, c(state, size), function(a) {
a$unemployment_rate[is.na(a$unemployment_rate)] <- mean(a$unemployment_rate,
na.rm = TRUE)
a
})
df
}
res <- f2(df, "state", "size")
res
unemployment_rate state size
1 0.1900000 CA Big
2 0.0200000 CA Big
3 0.2700000 CA Big
4 0.0300000 CA Big
5 0.2033333 CA Medium
6 0.2800000 CA Medium
7 0.2300000 CA Medium
8 0.1000000 CA Medium
9 0.0100000 KC Big
10 0.1333333 KC Big
11 0.1600000 KC Big
12 0.1333333 KC Big
13 0.2300000 KC Big
14 0.1400000 KC Small
15 0.2100000 KC Small
16 0.1700000 WA Medium
17 0.2100000 WA Medium
18 0.2600000 WA Medium
19 0.1100000 WA Small
Also, the order of the original row isn’t preserved
f3 <- function(df) {
for (a in unique(df$state)) {
for (b in unique(df$size)) {
df$unemployment_rate[df$state == a & df$size == b & is.na(df$unemployment_rate)] <- mean(df$unemployment_rate[df$state ==
a & df$size == b], na.rm = TRUE)
}
}
df
}
res <- f3(df)
res
# A tibble: 19 x 3
unemployment_rate state size
<dbl> <chr> <chr>
1 0.01 KC Big
2 0.17 WA Medium
3 0.19 CA Big
4 0.133 KC Big
5 0.21 WA Medium
6 0.14 KC Small
7 0.02 CA Big
8 0.203 CA Medium
9 0.26 WA Medium
10 0.27 CA Big
11 0.21 KC Small
12 0.28 CA Medium
13 0.23 CA Medium
14 0.16 KC Big
15 0.1 CA Medium
16 0.133 KC Big
17 0.23 KC Big
18 0.03 CA Big
19 0.11 WA Small
The for-loop logic takes the rows where rows where is.na(unemployment_rate) == TRUE
are replaced with the mean(..., na.rm=TRUE)
. It would be interesting to see how fast each of the codes compute.
library("microbenchmark")
microbenchmark(f1(df, state, size, unemployment_rate), f2(df, "state", "size"), f3(df))
Unit: microseconds
expr min lq mean median
f1(df, state, size, unemployment_rate) 703.185 962.4680 1332.058 1109.352
f2(df, "state", "size") 2015.559 2281.0125 2799.986 2519.288
f3(df) 193.622 266.9785 343.320 331.054
uq max neval
1327.2450 14821.714 100
3012.6900 10630.501 100
402.1475 705.509 100
unemployment_rate_vals <- c(0.01, 0.17, 0.19, NA, 0.21, 0.14, 0.02, NA, 0.26, 0.27,
0.21, 0.28, 0.23, 0.16, 0.1, NA, 0.23, 0.03, 0.11)
n = 1000
unemployment_rate_vals <- sample(c(NA, round(runif(1, 0.01, 0.99), 2)), n, TRUE)
state_vals <- sample(c("KC", "WA", "CA"), n, replace = TRUE)
size_vals <- sample(c("Big", "Medium", "Small"), n, replace = TRUE)
df <- tibble(unemployment_rate = unemployment_rate_vals, state = state_vals, size = size_vals)
library("microbenchmark")
microbenchmark(f1(df, state, size, unemployment_rate), f2(df, "state", "size"), f3(df))
Unit: microseconds
expr min lq mean median
f1(df, state, size, unemployment_rate) 1021.047 1301.7395 1583.338 1437.718
f2(df, "state", "size") 3101.661 3701.4585 4241.186 4020.825
f3(df) 758.488 905.8595 1067.443 1049.292
uq max neval
1609.385 6949.853 100
4423.761 12289.223 100
1211.130 1502.821 100
You’d think that the dplyr
way would produce the fastest result but sometimes the grouping under the hood is slower than the nested for loop. For small to medium problems like these, it’s a good idea to use intuitive coding that takes less development time. I’d go with dplyr
but if there are instances where short codes like this is used consistently, it might be better to opt for a faster running code. For me, I will think about what’s most important (e.g. production run-time vs. development time) then tailor my analysis accordingly.
Again, I hope you found this post helpful. Thanks for reading!


About me¶
I’m Frank Owusu Boakye (oboynitro), a Full stack web developer and partime content creator. I have a youtube channel (Web Dev Bundled) where i teach about web development, django, flask, python, react, vuejs and more.
I am also a huge fan of open source projects and have dedicated my free hours to contributing and creating open source softwares to make developer’s life easy. You can check out my github portfolio here My Github
You can follow me on all socail media at:


Archive for posts dated '2008'
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January 2008
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Hello world!
Hello and welcome to my new weblog (generously hosted here on WordPress.com). I’ve spent the last year (or so) trying to figure out how to best present myself online. My last attempt was over on at leekelleher.com. I had some information about myself, a linklog and details of a WordPress plugin that I developed. I found that the linklog became redundant, as it’s easier for me to use del.icio.us for my links/bookmarks. The Category Cloud…
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February 2008
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Mozilla Prism – Bringing Web Apps to the Desktop
I feel like I’ve been living under a rock for the last couple of months. I’ve only just heard about Mozilla’s Prism – and it’s already changing the way I use web-apps. Prism, (previously called WebRunner), is essentially a Site Specific Browser (SSB) – meaning that it’s a desktop application designed to host a single web-application. This is good for many reasons, foremost it causes less distractions. So far, I have prisms set-up for most…
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WordPress: “post.php” is blank after publishing
Whilst I was helping out Bookninja earlier this week, I came across a strange problem in WordPress. Every time we tried to publish a new blog post (or page), there would be a pause, then the page would go blank. (This was on the “post.php” page) I spent a long time trying to figure out what the issue was… even longer googling it! Several pages into the Google results, I found the answer! Thank you…
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All hail “The Bookninja Messiah”!
Earlier this week I’d heard that Bookninja had been hijacked, they needed some help to get their WordPress back in working order. Mark suggested that I offered my services, so I did. George explained what the problems since the hijack: Unable to publish blog posts and pages; (a blank page appeared when he tried to publish) All the pages had been delete, or disappeared. Akismet was turned off… opening the floodgates to lots of unwanted…
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Personal Zeitgeist
I’ve finally started work on my zeitgeist page. My personal projects have been on the back-burner, as I’ve (obviously) had other things to think about! Personal Zeitgeist is very easy to get up and running, although I have been making a lot of tweaks – mostly to satisfy my own coding preferences; for example: renaming the *.inc files to *.inc.php – so that nobody else can view the source-code. (That’s been one of my long-term…
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Social Networks are like Pubs
I received an email from Pownce this morning, letting me know that they’ve opened the doors to all! Yah! (oh, the irony) I signed up for Pownce a couple of months ago… configured my profile, looked for a few friends … didn’t find any … now what? At this point I’m reminded of Rob Manuel’s comment about social networks: Social networks are pubs. There’s little reason to like Facebook if your friends aren’t there. Anyway,…
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Daddy’s Little Girl
The past weekend has been an amazing experience for me (and Lucy). After being 12-days overdue, and a 12-hour labour, Lucy gave birth to our beautiful daughter, Katelyn Mary Kelleher! I’m still trying to recover from the lack of sleep… but I can’t complain too much – as I wasn’t the one giving birth!!! (Lucy did fantastic!) Hopefully they’ll be coming home from the hospital tomorrow… I can’t wait! (apart from doing the house-cleaning! :-(…
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Fatherhood
I’ve survived the first week of fatherhood! Even after all the advice from friends and family, books you’ve read, etc… Nothing prepares you for it! Completely in at the deep-end on the first sleepless night – no idea what was going on; what time it was; night-turns-into-day-into-night; a total blur! Strangely though, I am loving being a father – and absolutely smitten with Katelyn! In other news, there’s another baby (a project) that Ben and…
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March 2008
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Traffic Updates: RSS -> SMS
Since moving down to Bristol, I have been subscribing to the Underscore mailing list – of which I’m guilty of non-participation. One of the threads today made me realise the potential of user empowerment using “Web 2.0” services and technologies. The thread was called “RSS -> SMS“, Andy wrote: After my wife took three hours to get to work this morning due to the M5 being shut, I’ve built a Yahoo pipe that takes the…
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I MADE LOLCAT!
Yes… I MADE LOLCAT! moar funny pictures The photo is from my flickr photostream, [link]; taken whilst we were staying at the farm – couldn’t resist taking a snap of these two “love cats” Who knows why I end up doing this sort of thing… it’s not like I’ve got time to waste these days! Right, back to work!
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Accessing the jQuery DOM in an Ajax callback
Whilst developing the admin pages for Pez, I wanted to add some nice features to the UI. My first choice for a JavaScript framework is jQuery. I’ve used other frameworks before, (like mootools, script.aculo.us and YUI), but I just seem to get on better with jQuery, (although mootools is a very close second). Last night I was playing around with the Ajax/jQuery.get() method – it was the first time I’d used it, and was having…
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Introducing Pez…
In between my many projects (paid and personal) and entering fatherhood… I seem to have found some time to start up an open-source project with Ben Taylor, (my old comrade from the Scream days). I’ve mentioned it a couple of times on my blog recently, but hadn’t yet got around to introducing it… then Ben beat me to it! So without further ado, here is Ben’s introduction to Pez!
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One Less Vista Woe
To follow up to my rant a few weeks ago (More Vista Woes on my old blog), it seems that Microsoft have taken note everyone’s complaints about the forced reboot. After putting off my Windows Vista updates for as long as possible, I finally succumbed… Once all the updates were installed, I’m prompted with the same “Restart your computer to finish installing important updates” message. But now the countdown timer is gone!!! So at least…
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Scrobbling my BBC Radio listening on Last.fm
A couple of months ago I’d heard that the BBC Radio Labs had developed a desktop widget that scrobbled the songs you listen to on BBC Radio (currently only available for Radio 1, Radio 2, 6 Music and 1 Xtra) [via Last.fm] I’m not a big fan of gimmicky desktop widgets – it’s bad enough that Vista comes with them as default – some people love them, some hate them… I just prefer less clutter…
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IE View Lite 1.3.2+ not compatible with Firefox 2.0
I used all sorts of add-ons and extensions for Firefox, (I’ll get around to writing a blog post on that soon too). Since I do a lot of web-development, I switch between Firefox and Internet Explorer frequently during a build. To make this easier, I’ve been using Grayson Mixon’s IE View Lite. But with the latest upgrade (version 1.3.2), it broke in Firefox 2.0! (This made me sad) :-( I’d been holding out for the…
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Vista SP1 Hibernation problems
After a couple of unsuccessfully attempted to install Windows Vista Service Pack 1; it seems that I “forgot” to disable my anti-virus software! Then it installed fine. Vista does seem to perform better/quicker since SP1, but, for me, it introduced a major show-stopper! Hibernation stopped working! I google’d the problem to see if anyone else had the same issue — and knew how to resolve it. It took me a while, probably because Vista SP1…
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Strange goings-on
The first time it happened I thought it was odd. After the second time I seemed very weird. Now that it’s happened a third time – I’m just baffled! What am I rambling on about I hear you ask?! This… This picture on Flickr has been favourited 3 times – which is nice! However the strange thing going-on here is that those Flickr users (who favourited it) have no photos themselves and have only favourited…
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April 2008
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Converting CSV to XML
There’s a bit a functionality on one of the projects that I’m working on where I need to do a lookup. The data I’ve been given is in an Excel spreadsheet – which I needed to convert to XML (as ultimately the data will be stored in a CMS that handles XML better). I’ve done a lot of projects where I need to convert XML to Excel (via CSV), but not many where I need…
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Sneaky Skype installing Firefox Extension
We’ve got an old laptop that we keep under the coffee table, so that we can quickly check IMDb or Wikipedia for mid-conversations things (very geeky I know!) Since Katelyn arrived, we’ve been using it for web-cam too. Yesterday we were having a few problems with voice chat on MSN, so we installed Skype on the laptop. A couple of clicks later, Skype was installed, all was good. Then about 5 mins later I notice…
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New Richard Westbrook Site
Bodenko and Crush Design have just launch the new website for, Porsche Supercup champion, Richard Westbrook. We built the site with WordPress (2.5) to take advantage of it’s blogging framework and also to be totally buzzword-compliant! It’s not often that we get to mention the sites that we’ve built – usually due to the non-disclosure when doing B2B projects.
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Posting source code on WordPress.com
I feel like a complete n00b … I’ve only just found out how to mark-up source-code snippets on WordPress.com It’s in their FAQs: How do I post source code? Essentially you use the short-code: [sourcecode language='css']...[/sourcecode] Here’s an example: // A "Hello World!" program in C# class Hello { static void Main() { System.Console.WriteLine("Hello World!"); } } I knew about WP.org plugins that did this, but I’ve been scratching my head on how do this…
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Upgrade WordPress Shell Script
Now that I’ve found my new best friend (the sourcecode short-code), I want to put it to good use now. Here’s a quick Unix shell script that I use to upgrade my WordPress installations: #!/bin/sh # WordPress Update Script # Written by: Lee Kelleher # Released: 2008-04-23 # Email: lee # at # vertino # dot # net # Released under GPL echo "Downloading current version of WordPress..." wget http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz echo "Uncompressing WordPress archive..." tar…
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“Powered by Category Cloud”
I’ve just installed Operator – a Firefox extension that highlights microformatted data on web pages. So far I haven’t noticed any performance issues, and it’s been playing nicely with all my other Firefox extensions. As a web developer, Operator makes me want to add more semantic mark-up to my websites, (which I already try to do). This extension will make it easier for testing purposes. I decided to read more about the extension on the…
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Disabling Possibly Related Links on WordPress.com
When WordPress.com introduced Snap Preview on our blogs (or is that their blogs?) at the end of 2006, I wasn’t impressed – it felt intrusive – like a JavaScript pop-up for Web 2.0! (Just given a different name). So I disabled it straight-away. A few days ago, the WP.com team introduced a new feature “Possibly Related Posts“. At first I thought this was a great idea for finding similar content – but then I realised…
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May 2008
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rel-tag-spaces dilemma
Since I started using the Operator Firefox extension a couple of week ago, I’ve found it to be a useful tool – to quickly access microformatted content; such as Contact details and Tagspaces. Whilst I was testing it out on ReadySteadyBook, I noticed that the only tagspace was “Blog.aspx“, which seemed a bit weird. When I found the same problem on other websites, such as Amazon (example here) where the tagspace was “ref=tag_dpp_cust_itdp_t“. I thought…
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How to follow conversations on Twitter
After reading Dave’s post about Twitter being the new Facebook yesterday, I decided to give Digsby a go. (I’d heard of it previously, but I was semi-scared off by all the twittermania – it’s a bit like marmite). Since I was only following a few tweeters there wasn’t of a flow – so I added a couple more higher profile tweeters, like Jeff Atwood’s Coding Horror.
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June 2008
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Making Request.QueryString writable (by clone/copy)
Every now and then I completely forget that the Request.QueryString (and Request.Form) object is read-only. Today I had a bit of functionality where I needed to remove a key/value from the collection - but the Remove() method (of the NameValueCollection object) throws an exception. Unfortunately, the Request.QueryString's CopyTo method assigns the values to an ARRAY, not a NameValueCollection - losing functionality and flexibility. You need to copy the Request.QueryString object to a new NameValueCollection instance,…
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How to convert NameValueCollection to a (Query) String
Most ASP.NET developers know that you can get a key/value pair string from the Request.QueryString object (via the .ToString() method). However that functionality isn't the same for a generic NameValueCollection object (of which Request.QueryString is derived from). So how do you take a NameValueCollection object and get a nicely formatted key/value pair string? (i.e. "key1=value1&key2=value2") ... Here's a method I wrote a while ago: /// <summary> /// Constructs a QueryString (string). /// Consider this method…
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How to best embed a WMV video clip?
I hate to admit it, but I’m stuck… I’m trying to figure out how to best embed a WMV video clip in a web-page, so that it works cross-browser (and cross-platform). Even after all my years of web-development, I’m still confused to which browser supports which tag … nested <embed> tags in <object> tags … it gets messy! I’m as equally confused with the Class ID attribute: “CLSID:6BF52A52-394A-11d3-B153-00C04F79FAA6” – surely that can’t be the same…
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Firefox 3 – Download Day
Today is Firefox 3 Download Day! Mozilla are hoping to set a Guinness World Record for most software downloads in 24 hours. At the time of writing, over 1.2 million people have pledged to download Firefox 3 on the Download Day! This is a first attempt of this record, so there is no number to beat. But Mozilla want to outdo the number of Firefox 2 downloads on its launch day, which was 1.6 million!…
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July 2008
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Last.fm Web Services
Last weekend, the good folk at Last.fm revealed version 2.0 of their public API: The new API introduces a user authentication protocol which for the first time allows applications to create user sessions, bringing both read and write services to web apps, desktop apps and mobile devices. Take our new tagging API’s. Developers can both pull and apply tags to music content from any application on any platform now. The same goes for sharing –…
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.NET Test-Driven Development
Has anyone got any pointers on how I should start doing test-driven development in .NET? It’s something I’ve been meaning to look into for years now. I’ve got all the usual Visual Studio add-ons installed… NUnit, TestDriven.NET, etc. But no idea how to use them! Usually I learn this stuff on the job, yet from most other developers I speak to – it’s all guess-work! Any advice is much appreciated!
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How to prevent hotlinking to FLV files? (Flash Videos)
My friend Shane (from DVD House of Horrors) is having a hard time trying to stop other websites hotlinking to his horror movie clips. The site is running Joomla on a Linux server, so he’s been down the usual .htaccess routes to prevent remote hotlinking. However the problem with FLV files is that they aren’t requested directly by the web-browser, but rather the Flash video player (a .swf file). This causes a problem for the…
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Hindsight… It’s is a wonderful thing!
A couple of hours ago I received an automated email from our Travelblog site, saying that we had a new user registration; which was strange, since we disabled that feature a long time ago! Great! We’ve just been hacked! I put my hands up in the air, I’d been running an old version of WordPress (2.2) … which I’ve been meaning to upgrade for a long time; but hey, I’ve bought a house, had a…
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My WordPress hacked by c99madshell script
After all the excitement of last Friday’s attempted hack on my travelblog, and the subsequent upgrade to WordPress 2.6 – I thought everything was under control. Boy was I wrong! A few hours ago I received a blog comment (from a Mr Andrew Wong) on the travelblog: http://www.lee-and-lucy.com/travelblog/index.php?p=5817 check this out!! I clicked the link, my jaw dropped! It wasn’t an attempted hack, it was a very successful hack… I felt violated -in a digital…
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August 2008
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Setting up Visual Studio to work with Umbraco
Over the last 12 months I have been involved with developing several Umbraco-powered websites. During that time I’ve experienced many development frustrations; specifically with debugging and version control. A while back I read Paul Sterling’s blog post on “Working with Umbraco in Visual Studio” – I used this as my basis. I have added to his orignal suggestions: Have a clean, working copy of Umbraco – using the installer – on your machine. I am…
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November 2008
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Lil’ Bookninja
After helping Bookninja with their blog, George kindly sent me some swag, (or “thanking him by advertising on his chest“, as George put it), including a baby-grow (we were expecting Katelyn at the time).  I promised George that I’d sent him a photo when we got chance. It was by pure coincidence that I was wearing a WordPress hoodie!…
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Populating multiple DropDownList controls with generic ListItem array
I’ve just had some fun spending the last half-an-hour trying to figure out why when I used the SelectedValue property of a DropDownList, it also set the value of another DropDownList control. Here’s some background to the problem. On my web-form, I have 2 fieldsets, one for a "Start Date", the other for an "End Date". For each fieldset there are 3 DropDownList; Day, Month and Year. Now rather than populating the values declaratively, using…
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December 2008
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Using jQuery to swap form fields
Due to an technical decision early on in my project, the date-of-birth field on a profile edit page in a single text-input element. My client would now like the date-of-birth to be 3 dropdown lists, (day, month and year). The amount of work involved making changes to both the back and front ends would take at least a day. (It sounds a lot, but you know it would). Here’s where a front-end developer’s best friend…
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ArsModels v0.0.7 (2009-07-29)
- Improved ArsModels support for implementation in existing Java virtual
machines (for example Tomcat or a wrapping program) by not loading the
arapi, arutil, or ArsModels jar files if the classes are already available
in the virtual machine.
- Implemented Ars context support for authentication and RPC prognum.
- Implemented constants ArsModels::ARAPI_VERSION and ArsModels::VERSION.
- Implemented join form support.
- Packages multiple Arapi versions for testing and changes loading strategy
from selecting whatever is in the directory to checking
ENV["ARAPI_VERSION"] and loading either that specified version or
the most recent library available.
- Significant Exception message improvements.
ArsModels v0.0.6 (2009-06-11)
- Implemented java reflection solution for ars enumeration field
multi-version management.
- Implemented dynamic ars java library loading in the ars_models.rb loader;
this will automatically load any version of the arapi/arutil jar files
present in the lib/jars directory.
ArsModels v0.0.5 (2009-05-06)
- Minor usibility enhancement to Entry.find that allows the :conditions
parameter to be blank.
- Multiple bug fixes associated with Entry.find(:first, …) and
Entry.find(:last, …)
- Minor bug fix to default sorting of entries (switched from defaulting to
field id 1 to defaulting to the form‘s default sort order).
ArsModels v0.0.4 (2009-04-24)
- Date, DateTime, and TimeOfDay field handling
- Multiple bug fixes associated with Entry.find(:single, …)
ArsModels v0.0.3 (2009-03-25)
- Better enumeration field handling.
- Diary field type implementation.
- Minor bug fix to ArsModels::Entry#save! so that any combination of
entry/entry ids can be passed to the update methods.
- Modification of RDoc specification (line numbers, inline source, title).
- Minor documentation updates.
ArsModels v0.0.2 (2009-02-14)
- Test suite implementation.
- Implementation of context instances for Form and Entry.
- ArsModels::Entry.delete renamed to ArsModels::Entry.delete!
- ArsModels::Entry.save! made private and replaced with
ArsModels::Entry.create!
- ArsModels::Entry#save! and ArsModels::Entry#update_attributes! implemented
- ArsModels::Entry.update! implemented
- ArsModels::Entry modified
attributes cache implemented (only modified attributes will be updated on
save
- ArsModels::Entry relevant
field specification retained between instance calls
- Significant error handling improvements
- Multitude of backend bug fixes and usibility enhancements.
ArsModels v0.0.1 (2009-01-14)
- Added in support for creating / modifying Ars schemas.
- Moved ruby ars-models wrapper code from the ArsRecord Japi Adapter into
this library.
- Configured package to produce usible gem file.
ArsModels v0.1a (2008-12-02)


---
layout: default
title: Statistical Resources
---
Here you will find content I have created for teaching statistics, and in particular, R programming. Most of these resources are hosted on my GitHub page and available for download or on my YouTube channel.
R Computing Resources
- Interactive R Basics Tutorial : This is an interactive tutorial that can be run by downloading the repository, installing and loading the learnr package, opening the project link, and using the code learnr::run_tutorial("Basic-R-Tutorial") . The tutorial includes information on creating vectors, dataframes, and performing basic arithmetic operations with vectors.
- Video on Creating R Markdown Files : This is a YouTube video on the basics of creating R Markdown files.
- Video on knitr::kable Package This is a YouTube video on creating tables using the knitr::kable package.


Boy, 7, critically injured after falling out window in the Bronx
by Eyewitness NewsSOUNDVIEW, Bronx (WABC) -- Authorities say a 7-year-old boy was critically injured after falling out a window in the Bronx Saturday morning.
The incident happened shortly before 11 a.m. at the Bronx River Houses on Harrod Avenue near East 174th Street in the Soundview section.
Authorities say the boy pushed past a duct taped piece of cardboard next to the air conditioning unit and fell from a 9th-floor window.
His parents immediately called 911 and first responders rushed him to the hospital.
The child was transported to Jacobi Medical Center, where he is listed in critical condition.
Family friends said the boy underwent surgery for brain hemorrhaging, and also suffered broken bones and internal bleeding.


RubyGateway
Embed Ruby in Swift: load Gems, run Ruby scripts, invoke APIs seamlessly in both directions.
RubyGateway is a framework built on the Ruby C API that lets Swift programs running on macOS or Linux painlessly and safely run and interact with Ruby programs. It’s easy to pass Swift values into Ruby and turn Ruby objects back into Swift types.
RubyGateway lets you call any Ruby method from Swift, including passing Swift closures as blocks. It lets you define Ruby classes and methods that are implemented in Swift.
See CRuby if you are looking for a low-level Ruby C API wrapper.
Examples
Services
Rouge is a code highlighter. In Ruby:
require 'rouge'
html = Rouge.highlight("let a = 3", "swift", "html")
puts(html)
In Swift:
import RubyGateway
try Ruby.require(filename: "rouge")
let html = try Ruby.get("Rouge").call("highlight", args: ["let a = 3", "swift", "html"])
print(html)
Calling Ruby
// Create an object. Use keyword arguments with initializer
let student = RbObject(ofClass: "Academy::Student", kwArgs: ["name": "barney"])!
// Acess an attribute
print("Name is \(student.get("name"))")
// Fix their name by poking an ivar
try! student.setInstanceVar("@name", newValue: "Barney")
// Get a Swift version of `:reading`
let readingSubject = RbSymbol("reading")
// Call a method with mixed Swift data types
try! student.call("add_score", args: [readingSubject, 30])
try! student.call("add_score", args: [readingSubject, 35])
// Get a result as floating point
let avgScoreObj = try! student.call("mean_score_for_subject", args: [readingSubject])
let avgScore = Double(avgScoreObj)!
print("Mean score is \(avgScore)")
// Pass Swift code as a block
let scores = student.all_scores!
scores.call("each") { args in
print("Subject: \(args[0]) Score: \(args[1])")
return .nilObject
}
// Convert to a Swift array
let subjects = Array<String>(student.all_subjects!)
subjectsPopularityDb.submit(subjects: subjects)
Calling Swift
Bound class definition:
class Cell {
init() {
}
func setup(m: RbMethod) throws {
...
}
func getContent(m: RbMethod) throws -> String {
...
}
}
let cellClass = try Ruby.defineClass("Cell", initializer: Cell.init)
try cellClass.defineMethod("initialize",
argsSpec: RbMethodArgsSpec(mandatoryKeywords: ["width", "height"])
method: Cell.setup)
try cellClass.defineMethod("content",
argsSpec: RbMethodArgsSpec(requiresBlock: true),
method: Cell.getContent)
Called from Ruby:
cell = Cell.new(width: 200, height: 100)
cell.content { |c| prettyprint(c) }
Global variables:
// epochStore.current: Int
Ruby.defineGlobalVar("$epoch",
get: { epochStore.current },
set: { epochStore.current = newEpoch })
Global functions:
let logArgsSpec = RbMethodArgsSpec(leadingMandatoryCount: 1,
optionalKeywordValues: ["priority" : 0])
try Ruby.defineGlobalFunction("log",
argsSpec: logArgsSpec) { _, method in
Logger.log(message: String(method.args.mandatory[0]),
priority: Int(method.args.keyword["priority"]!))
return .nilObject
}
Calls from Ruby:
log(object_to_log)
log(object2_to_log, priority: 2)
Documentation
Requirements
- Swift 5.4 or later, from swift.org or Xcode 12.5+
- macOS (tested on 12.6) or Linux (tested on Ubuntu Bionic/18.04 on x86_64) with Clang 6.
- Ruby 2.6 or later including development files:
- For macOS, these come with Xcode.
- For Linux you may need to install a -dev package depending on how your Ruby is installed.
- RubyGateway requires ‘original’ MRI/CRuby Ruby - no JRuby/Rubinius/etc.
There’s something wrong with the Ruby 3 Xcode project since Ruby 3.2: running tests in Xcode shows all kinds of weird errors that look like a linking problem that is not present run normally in SPM.
Installation
For macOS, if you are happy to use the system Ruby then you just need to include the RubyGateway framework as a dependency. If you are building on Linux or want to use a different Ruby then you also need to configure CRuby.
If you are using Ruby 3 then you need to set the -fdeclspec
Clang flag, either
on the Swift PM command line (swift build -Xcc -fdeclspec
) or in Xcode’s
Other Swift Flags settings.
Getting the framework
Carthage for macOS:
github "johnfairh/RubyGateway"
Swift package manager for macOS or Linux:
.package(url: "https://github.com/johnfairh/RubyGateway", from: "5.4.0")
CocoaPods for macOS:
pod 'RubyGateway'
Configuring CRuby
CRuby is the glue between RubyGateway and your Ruby installation. It is a separate github project but RubyGateway includes it as submodule so you do not install or require it separately.
By default it points to the macOS system Ruby. Follow the CRuby usage
instructions to change
this. For example on Ubuntu 18 using rbenv
Ruby 3:
mkdir MyProject && cd MyProject
swift package init --type executable
vi Package.swift
# add RubyGateway as a package dependency (NOT CRuby)
# add RubyGateway as a target dependency
echo "import RubyGateway; print(Ruby.versionDescription)" > Sources/MyProject/main.swift
swift package update
swift package edit CRuby
Packages/CRuby/cfg-cruby --mode rbenv --name 3.0.0
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$(pwd)/Packages/CRuby:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH swift run -Xcc -fdeclspec
Contributions
Welcome: open an issue /<EMAIL_ADDRESS>/ @johnfairh
License
Distributed under the MIT license.


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Exposure Notifications Express (EN Express) is currently enabled for {{$realm.Name}}. Click the button below to disable EN Express. This will enable you to control all the settings.
This could cause your iOS and Android integrations to stop working!
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This will override the settings and force the EN Express defaults.


About
The Archiver is an attempt to make it easier for people to preserve and browse the Internet of old. Its imperative that we preserve the Legacy of the web as much as possible.
The internet is changing at an alarming rate, pages are being lost, forgotten and defaced so please use this tool when you can to save every page you deem worthy.
You never know when you might need the information again and you will be helping countless others along the way.
Thank youCathal McNally


WITNESS LIST Judicial Affairs Committee April 12, 1999-3:00P HB 100 Registering, but not testifying: For: Culver, Jan (Self and Garmany & Cordeo Funeral Directors, Inc.) Culver III, Judge Thomas R. (Self) Elliott, Judge Brady G. (Self) Healey, John (Self) Kennedy, Harold (Self and Fort Bend County Bar Association) Kern, Robert J. (Fort Bend County Bar Association) Monk, Steven D. (Self and Fort Bend County Bar Association) Stansbury, Judge Tom (Self and District Court Judges) HB 125 Registering, but not testifying: For: Katz, Judge Sam (Self) Riester, Eric (Bexar County) Specia, Jr., Judge John (Self) HB 400 Registering, but not testifying: For: Kennedy, Harold (Self and Fort Bend County Bar Association) HB 561 Registering, but not testifying: For: Johnson, Judge Tim (Bexar County) Riester, Eric (Bexar County) HB 572 Registering, but not testifying: For: Healey, John (Self) Lowery, Judge Susan G. (Self) Wagenbach, Judge Larry (Self) HB 602 Registering, but not testifying: For: Lynch, Judge Mike (Self and Judges of Travis County trying felony cases) HB 762 Against: Cole, Jr., Robert L. (Self) McDougal, Michael A. (Montgomery County District Attorney) Stricklin, Don (Harris County District Attorney's Office) HB 804 For: Hoffman, Rob (Self) On: Krampitz, Tom (Texas District & County Attorneys Association) Registering, but not testifying: For: Busselman, Robert L. (Self) Mabray, Cheryll (Self) Miller, Rick (Self) Motley, David (Self) Oxford, William (Self) Powell, Jr., Edwin E. (Self) Reese, Raymond (DeWitt County Commissioners Court) Robinson, Robie (Self and Fisher County Commissioners' Court) Scheske, Robert B. (Self) Taylor, Eugene D. (Self) Taylor, Tim (Self) Wilson, Russell H. (Self) HB 928 Registering, but not testifying: For: Amos, Judge Allen (Self and Rural County Judges Association) Brown, Judge Mike (Self and Rural County Judges Association) HB 929 Registering, but not testifying: For: Amos, Judge Allen (Self and Rural County Judges Association) Brown, Judge Mike (Self) HB 978 Registering, but not testifying: For: Harris, Judge Ron (Collin County Commissioners Court) HB 1012 Registering, but not testifying: For: Mendez, Mark (Tarrant County Commissioners Court) Walker, Judge Jeff (Self) HB 1222 Registering, but not testifying: For: Taylor, Eugene (Self and Williamson County Commissioners, Judges, Sheriff & County Clerk) Wolbrueck, Bonnie (Self) HB 1239 Registering, but not testifying: For: Alexander, W.J. Bill (Wood County) Boswell, Celia (Self and City of Mineola) Boswell, Tim (Self and Wood County Bar Association) Cole, Jr., Robert L. (Self and Wood County Bar Association) Taylor, Marcus D. (Self) HB 1252 Registering, but not testifying: For: Garcia, Patrick M. (Self and Mexican American Bar Association) Moody, William (Self and El Paso Council of Judges) Williams, Donald L. (Self and Family Law Bar Association, Family Courts) HB 1253 Registering, but not testifying: For: Garcia, Patrick M. (Self and Mexican American Bar Association) Moody, William (Self and El Paso Council of Judges) Williams, Donald L. (Self and Family Law Bar Association, Family Courts) HB 1833 Registering, but not testifying: For: Gailey, Judge Barbara (Self and JPCA) HB 2196 For: McDougal, Michael A. (Montgomery County District Attorney) HB 2580 Registering, but not testifying: For: Herman, Judge Guy (Self and Statutory Probate Judges of Texas) HB 2758 Registering, but not testifying: On: Krampitz, Tom (Texas County & District Attorneys Association) HB 2857 Registering, but not testifying: For: Garcia, Patrick M. (Self and Mexican American Bar Association) Moody, William (Self and El Paso Council of Judges) Williams, Donald L. (Self and Family Law Bar Association, Family Courts) HB 2863 For: Onion, Jr., Judge John F. (Self) Registering, but not testifying: For: Anderson, Judge Ray D. (Self) Nabers, Lynn (Self and Alliance for Judicial Funding) Schraub, Judge B.B. (Self) HB 3031 Registering, but not testifying: For: Anderson, Judge Ray D. (Self and Board of Regional Presiding Judges) Nabers, Lynn (Self and Alliance for Judicial Funding) Schraub, Judge B.B. (Self) HB 3173 For: Gailey, Judge Barbara (Self and JPCA) HB 3174 Registering, but not testifying: For: Williams, Christie (Dallas County Criminal District Attorney's Office) On: Krampitz, Tom (Texas District & County Attorneys Association) HB 3337 Registering, but not testifying: For: Herman, Judge Guy (Self and Statutory Probate Judges of Texas) HB 3338 Registering, but not testifying: For: Herman, Judge Guy (Self and Statutory Probate Judges of Texas) HB 3360 Registering, but not testifying: For: Venso, Norma (Self and District & County Judges of Galveston County) Against: Brown, Jr., J. Curtiss (Galveston County Commissioners Court & County Judge Jim Yarbrough) HB 3563 Registering, but not testifying: For: McDougal, Michael A. (Montgomery County District Attorney) Valdez, Carlos (Self) On: Krampitz, Tom (Texas District & County Attorneys) McWilliams, Paul (Texas District & County Attorneys Association) HB 3779 Registering, but not testifying: For: Lewis, Carl E. (Self) Utter, Tom (City of Corpus Christi) Valdez, Carlos (Self) HB 3780 For: Saldana, Judge Marisela (Self) Vargas, Judge Robert (Self) Registering, but not testifying: For: Lewis, Carl (Nueces County Commissioners Court) Utter, Tom (City of Corpus Christi) SB 136 Registering, but not testifying: For: Ash, J. Russell (Self and Texas Council of Child Welfare Boards) Williams, David M. (Self and Texas Council of Child Welfare Boards, Inc.) SB 158 Registering, but not testifying: For: Johnson, Judge Tim (Bexar County) Riester, Eric (Bexar County) SB 181 Registering, but not testifying: For: Harris, Judge Ron (Collin County Commissioners Court) SB 612 Registering, but not testifying: For: Taylor, Eugene D. (Self and Williamson County Commissioners, Judges Sheriff & County Clerk) Wolbrueck, Bonnie (Self) SB 952 Registering, but not testifying: For: Riester, Eric (Bexar County) creation of district courts On: Fenderson, Adam (Self and Future Problem Solvers of Sabine High School) Linck, Andrea (Self and Future Problem Solvers of Sabine High School) Neal, Dawn (Self and Future Problem Solvers of Sabine High School)


Metadata about the Request¶
As you saw in the tutorial, DMP adds an object to each request as request.dmp
. This object supports the inner workings of the DMP router and provides convenient access to render functions. It also contains routing information for the current request.
These variables are set during Django’s URL resolution stage. That means the variables aren’t available during pre-request middleware, but they are set by the time view middleware runs.
Available Variables¶
request.dmp.app
- The Django application specified in the URL. In the URL
http://www.server.com/calculator/index/1/2/3
, request.dmp.app is the string “calculator”. request.dmp.page
- The name of the Python module specified in the URL. In the URL
http://www.server.com/calculator/index/1/2/3
, request.dmp.page is the string “index”. In the URLhttp://www.server.com/calculator/index.somefunc/1/2/3
, request.dmp.page is still the string “index”. request.dmp.function
- The name of the function within the module that will be called, even if it is not specified in the URL. In the URL
http://www.server.com/calculator/index/1/2/3
, request.dmp.function is the string “process_request” (the default function). In the URLhttp://www.server.com/calculator/index.somefunc/1/2/3
, request.dmp.function is the string “somefunc”. request.dmp.module
- The name of the real Python module specified in the URL, as it will be imported into the runtime module space. In the URL
http://www.server.com/calculator/index/1/2/3
, request.dmp.module is the string “calculator.views.index”. request.dmp.callable
- A reference to the view function the url resolved to.s
request.dmp.view_type
- The type of view: function (regular view function), class (class-based view), or template (direct template render).
request.dmp.urlparams
- A list of parameters specified in the URL. These are normally sent to your view functions based on their signatures, but the raw values are available here as a list of strings. See the the topic on Parameter Conversion for more information.


| ../app/tabulate.f90 |
print values alongside a text graph of the values
|
| ../app/colors.f90 |
display color names and values
|
| ../app/alphabet.f90 |
print a value as a decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary value
|
| ../app/rmdir-.f90 |
remove empty directories by calling rmdir(3c)
|
| ../app/table2html.f90 |
filter to format simple columnar table into an HTML table form
|
| ../app/pwd-.f90 |
print full pathname of current directory
|
| ../app/lcm.f90 |
Determine least common multiple of a list of integers
|
| ../app/today.f90 |
output current time for uses such as file suffixes.
|
| ../app/gcd.f90 |
Determine greatest common divisor of a list of integers
|
| ../app/explain.f90 |
reads and navigates a VMS-style help file.
|
| ../app/rand.f90 |
random shuffle of lines in a file or strings or a range of whole numbers
|
| ../app/shell.f90 |
shell for demonstrating major modules in libGPF.a
|
| ../app/ufpp_template.f90 |
output a model of a prep(1) input file
|
| ../app/spoiler.f90 |
| ../app/triangle.f90 |
resolution of a triangle
|
| ../app/topic.f90 |
create a simple help utility that reads a simply formatted help file
|
| ../app/unique.f90 |
output a UUID (Universally Unique ID)
|
| ../app/kolor.f90 |
| ../app/f90split.f90 |
| ../app/ffmt.f90 |
simple reformatting of paragraphs of Fortran comments
|
| ../app/link-.f90 |
link to file
|
| ../app/sig.f90 |
| ../app/sleep-.f90 |
given string of form days-hh:mm:ss pause for specified amount of time
|
| ../app/easter.f90 |
output the month and day Easter falls on for a particular year
|
| ../app/unicode_example1.f90 |
| ../app/fixedform.f90 |
display a TUI definition and return values
|
| ../app/reverse.f90 |
read entire file into memory as a stream and write it in reverse byte order
|
| ../app/rename-.f90 |
replace strings in filenames
|
| ../app/ttee.f90 |
split stdout to a file with optional timestamp labeling
|
| ../app/slice.f90 |
display a set of curves as slices with a 3D view
|
| ../app/showumask-.f90 |
show umask in decimal, octal, hex, and binary
|
| ../app/exchange.f90 |
test of basic unit conversion functions
|
| ../app/logname-.f90 |
print login name using system_getlogin(3f)/getlogin(3c)
|
| ../app/kill-.f90 |
send signals to processes
|
| ../app/cmp-.f90 |
compare two files byte by byte
|
| ../app/sec2days.f90 |
convert seconds to string of form dd-hh:mm:ss
|
| ../app/dtu.f90 |
convert files between Unix and DOS line terminator conventions
|
| ../app/fmt-.f90 |
simple reformatting of paragraphs
|
| ../app/target.f90 |
create printable targets
|
| ../app/penv.f90 |
Print values from the environment table
|
| ../app/pendulum.f90 |
calculate simple pendulum period
|
| ../app/fpm-man.f90 |
output Fortran intrinsic descriptions
|
| ../app/uname-.f90 |
print system information
|
| ../app/nc2html.f90 |
print an ncurses(3c) window dump as HTML
|
| ../app/compute.f90 |
line mode calculator program (that calls CALCULATOR(3f))
|
| ../app/note.f90 |
print alphabet in big block letters using blocks(3f) and signs(3f)
|
| ../app/findll.f90 |
find long lines ',&
|
| ../app/huegif.f90 |
generate GIF pixel files with color wheels at different lightness
|
| ../app/realpath-.f90 |
| ../app/month.f90 |
displays simple calendar
|
| ../app/magic_square.f90 |
| ../app/anagrams.f90 |
| ../app/basename-.f90 |
| ../app/degrees.f90 |
convert multiple values between Celsius and Fahrenheit
|
| ../app/makeout.f90 |
create Makefile for current directory
|
| ../app/rev-.f90 |
reverse lnes in a file
|
| ../app/ls-.f90 |
list files in a directory
|
| ../app/xauth_key.f90 |
generate random strings such as magic cookies for xauth
|
| ../app/draw.f90 |
simple interpreter for M_draw(3fm) routines
|
| ../app/unlink-.f90 |
remove file by unlinking it
|
| ../app/what.f90 |
: extract SCCS-style metadata from files
|
| ../app/asa2pdf.f90 |
convert text files with ASA carriage return to Adobe PDF files
|
| ../app/colrm-.f90 |
| ../app/true-.f90 |
do nothing, successfully
|
| ../app/yes-.f90 |
output a string repeatedly until killed or limit is reached
|
| ../app/seefont.f90 |
display font samples
|
| ../app/sha3.f90 |
generate SHA digest values for specified files
|
| ../app/echo-.f90 |
display a line of text
|
| ../app/tr-.f90 |
translate one set of characters to another
|
| ../app/time-.f90 |
| ../app/banner-.f90 |
print text in big block letters
|
| ../app/clock.f90 |
draw a clock
|
| ../app/minefield.f90 |
minefield game
|
| ../app/esc.f90 |
set xterm(1) window attributes using a screen or line mode.
|
| ../app/ln-.f90 |
create links to a target file
|
| ../app/manup.f90 |
convert text formatted to simple markup rules into a man(1) page
|
| ../app/paste-.f90 |
| ../app/factors.f90 |
Determine prime factors of numbers
|
| ../app/nd.f90 |
compare otherwise essentially identical files for numeric differences.
|
| ../app/playground.f90 |
| ../app/phone.f90 |
phone number utility
|
| ../app/ufpp.f90 |
convert multiple values between Celsius and Fahrenheit
|
Fortran Pre-processor
|
| ../app/area_of_simple_polygon.f90 |
find area of simple (non-intersecting) polygon
|
| ../app/fpm-time.f90 |
Run gprof(1) in an fpm(1) package ',&
|
| ../app/xy.f90 |
create a basic XY plot
|
| ../app/hasher.f90 |
string hash example
|
| ../app/h2v.c |
| ../app/changename.f90 |
rename files by changing old fixed string to new string
|
| ../app/base.f90 |
convert numbers between bases
|
| ../app/quadratic.f90 |
Calculate and print the roots of a quadratic formula even if they are complex
|
| ../app/shuf-.f90 |
random shuffle of lines in a file or strings or a range of whole numbers
|
| ../app/now.f90 |
Report a date in a variety of formats
|
| ../app/prep.f90 |
Fortran Preprocessor
|
| ../app/printenv-.f90 |
Print values from the environment table
|
| ../app/grep-.f90 |
search a file for a pattern
|
| ../app/splitname.f90 |
split file name into components (dir,name,basename,extension)
|
| ../app/fpm-dict.f90 |
Get definition of a word using DICT Protocol and libcurl(3c)
|
| ../app/touch-.f90 |
change file access timestamp to current time, creating file is necessary
|
| ../app/mv-.f90 |
rename file
|
| ../app/color_wheel.f90 |
generate GIF pixel files with color wheels at different lightness
|
| ../app/choose.f90 |
select an item from a screen menu
|
| ../app/paws.f90 |
pause until specified time or for specified duration
|
| ../app/cn.f90 |
create a basic contour plot
|
| ../app/fcmd.f90 |
| ../app/days2sec.f90 |
convert dd-hh:mm:ss string to seconds
|
| ../app/sqlite3_version.f90 |
| ../app/stat-.f90 |
list pathname properties
|
| ../app/seq-.f90 |
print a sequence of numbers
|
| ../app/match.f90 |
find occurrences of a Regular Expression in a file(s).
|
| ../app/whoami-.f90 |
print effective user name
|
| ../app/mkdir-.f90 |
Create the specified directories if they do not already exist.
|
| ../app/prompt.f90 |
prompt for whether to execute command
|
| ../app/hostname-.f90 |
print hostname
|
| ../app/eta.f90 |
| ../app/digest.f90 |
generate SHA digest values for specified files
|
| ../app/mkfifo-.f90 |
make FIFO pipe file
|
| ../app/tablesort.f90 |
| ../app/redo.f90 |
| ../app/tat.f90 |
| ../app/tac-.f90 |
| ../app/sub.f90 |
replace old string with new string in files)
|
| ../app/cprint.f90 |
filter that prints specified columns
|
| ../app/dirname-.f90 |
strip last component from file name
|
| ../app/which-.f90 |
list pathnames of leaf names that are executable and can be found using the $PATH variable
|
| ../app/rm-.f90 |
remove file
|
| ../app/planets.f90 |
ephemeris position of planets for adjusting an equitorial telescope
|
| ../app/qsort.f90 |
| ../app/tty-.f90 |
print information about the file/terminal connected to standard input
|
| ../app/fseq.f90 |
generate a sequence of numbers, optionally concatenated to a file
|
| ../app/paranoid.f90 |
call doubleprecision and real versions of paranoia(3f)
|
| ../app/model.f90 |
| ../app/cylinder.f90 |
| ../app/false-.f90 |
do nothing, unsuccessfully
|
| ../app/lsup.f90 |
show permits of a pathname and all directory components of the pathname
|
| ../app/flower.f90 |
convert free-format Fortran source to lowercase
|
| ../app/lala.f90 |


Estimation of varying regression segments and a change point in 2-segment regression models with heteroscedastic variances, and with or without a smoothness constraint at the change point.
| Version: | 0.1.1 |
| Depends: | ggplot2 |
| Imports: | splines |
| Published: | 2016-01-08 |
| Author: | Jiayang Sun, Yulei Wang, and Junheng Ma |
| Maintainer: | Yulei Wang <yxw390 at case.edu> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| CRAN checks: | vrcp results |
| Reference manual: | vrcp.pdf |
| Package source: | vrcp_0.1.1.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: vrcp_0.1.1.zip, r-release: vrcp_0.1.1.zip, r-oldrel: vrcp_0.1.1.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: vrcp_0.1.1.tgz, r-oldrel: vrcp_0.1.1.tgz |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vrcp to link to this page.


Before Change
}
for key, classes in self.file_labels_.items():
specs[key] = {"classes": classes}
return specs
class Resegmentation(LabelingTask):
After Change
if self.allow_overlap:
// when allowing overlap, multiple speakers can be active at the
// same time (hence multi-label classification task)
specs["task"] = Task(type=TaskType.MULTI_LABEL_CLASSIFICATION,
output=TaskOutput.SEQUENCE)
specs["y"] = {"classes": self.segment_labels_}
else:
// when overlap is not allowed, only one speaker can be active at


| DOSE: |
3.5 tablets |
oral |
MDMA |
(pill / tablet) |
I've used Ecstacy several hundred times. This was over the course of 3 years or so. I feel that I'm very lucky to have continued to have good ecstacy trips for so long. Until last night, I had not used ecstacy in more than 3 years. I had originally lost interest in the substance because it seemed no longer to work. I would become VERY intoxicated, stimulated and experienced all of the perceptual shifts that MDMA brings, but no longer felt the 'joy.' I tried ramping up my dosage, but to no positive effect.
Last night, after a 3-year hiatus, I took 225-300 mg (hard to tell with street pills, I took 3.5 pills over 3 hours). I still did not have the 'joy.' All the old 'e-tricks' seemed to work and I was certainly nowhere near reality. Today I am feeling more positive than I remember in previous experiences. Usually, however, I don't get depressed until day 3 following the experience.
I have heard much about the 'loss of magic' experience, but have never read anything about this effect spanning years of nonuse. I must say, I'm extremely disappointed, but I also feel that I must have learned what I needed from the drug.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


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WITNESS LIST Constitutional Revision, Select Committee May 15, 2000-10:00A County and District Clerks On: Wilder, Tom (County and District Clerks Association) House Expansion On: Keffer, Jim (Self) Judicial Department On: Bridges, David (Self) Duncan, Robert (Self) James, Tom (Self) Phillips, Tom (Self)


CHAPTER XVI.
IN NEW QUARTERS.
When the boat reached the landing place for Red Hall, Mrs. Sharland was found to have been so overcome with terror, and numbed with frost, as to be unable to walk. She moaned under her blankets, but made no effort to rise. Elijah was obliged to carry her out of the boat upon the sea-wall, and then with the assistance of Mehalah she was conveyed to the house in their arms. Neither spoke, and Mrs. Sharland's lamentations, over various articles she had prized, and which she feared were lost or destroyed, remained unattended to.
The old woman was wrapped up from the cold in a blanket that enfolded her entire person and head, and she kept working an aperture for her face, whilst being carried, not so much to obtain air, as to give vent to queries.
'My green bombazine,—where is it?'
The folds of the blanket closed over the face. The fingers worked at them, till they had made a gap.
'Is the toad-jug saved?' at the same time a point of a nose and a thin finger emerged from the wraps.
'There was a dozen of Lowestoft soup-dishes!'
'The warming-pan! I can't go to bed unless I have the sheets aired.'
 She emerged only as the house was reached to exclaim 'My rum!'
'You've come where there's lots of that,' said Elijah, and he indicated with his chin to Mehalah to carry her up the steps into the hall.
A red fire was glowing and painting the walls. The great room was warm, and Mrs. Sharland battled out of her envelopes as soon as she became aware that she was under cover.
'Take me to bed,' she said; 'my legs are frozen. I can't go a step. Oh! is the toad-jug saved?'
'I will carry her now,' said Elijah. 'You light a candle, Glory, and follow me.'
He took the old woman over his shoulder, and led the way up the stairs. Mehalah followed with a light she had kindled at the hearth. He conducted into a bed-room, comfortably furnished, with white curtains to the windows, and a low tester bed in the corner.
'Light the fire,' he ordered, and Mehalah applied the candle to the straw and chips in the grate. Presently the flames were dancing up the chimney, and making the whole chamber glow. The old woman was laid on the bed.
'This looks comfortable,' said she; 'just as if you was prepared for us.'
'I was prepared for you. Everything was ready. Glory knows that I have been expecting you and her. I told her she must come, sooner or later. Sooner or later the same roof must cover both, as sooner or later the same grave will hold us both. She would fight me, and would not come to me, but her destiny is stronger than her will. My will is the destiny of her life. It shapes and directs it.'
Mehalah did not speak. She could not speak. She was stunned. A belt of iron bound her heart and restrained its free bounds, a weight of lead crushed her brain and killed its independence of action. She, who had been hitherto a law to herself, whose will had been unfettered, now discovered herself a captive under the thraldom of a will mightier, or more ungovernable, than her own. She had no time or power to think how to escape, and free herself from the situation in which she was placed. All her thoughts that she could collect must be about her mother. She must think of herself when she had more leisure. But though she could not think of herself, she could feel that she was conquered, and a captive, and that escape would not be easy.
 If you want anything, come downstairs.'
Elijah went heavily down the stairs and out at the door. Mehalah looked from the window, and saw him on his way to the boat. He was going back to the Ray. She could still see a red cloud hanging over her burnt home. The tears rose in her heart at the sight, but would not well out at her eyes. She stood and looked long at the dying fire, drawing the window curtain behind her to screen from her the light of the room. Her mother lay quiet, evidently pleased at having got into such comfortable quarters, and exhausted with her alarm. By degrees she dozed off into unconsciousness of her loss and of her situation, and Mehalah remained at the window looking moodily over the fens and the water, at the ruby spark that marked her old home.
She was standing in the same place when the boats arrived, bringing portions of their goods to Red Hall. She heard the voices of Rebow and other men below. She opened the door and listened. He was giving them something to eat and drink. Abraham Dowsing was there. She could distinguish his voice.
'If I hadn't turned you out, you'd have been burnt,' said Rebow.
'A good job for mistress we saved the cowhouse,' answered Abraham, with sulky unwillingness to admit that he was indebted to Elijah for anything.
'Don't you think you owe me your life?' asked Rebow.
'The cowhouse didn't burn.'
'No. But it would have, had not we been there to keep the flames off,' observed one of the men.
'Good job for mistress I wasn't burnt. I don't know how she'd got along without me.'
'It did not matter particularly to yourself then, Abby?'
'Don't know as it did.  After a pause Abraham's voice was heard to add, 'Besides, I should have woke, myself, with the fire and smoke.'
'Not you. And if you had, what could you have done to save the old woman? She'd have been burnt to a cinder before you woke.'
'That's mistress' matter, not mine,' answered Dowsing.
'You could not have got the things out of the house.'
'They are not mine,' retorted Abraham angrily. 'You are not going to make a merit to me of saving what are the belongings of other folk?'
'They belong to your mistress.'
'Well, so they do, that is, they don't belong to me; so none of your boasting to me, as if I owed you anything.' This ungracious remark, but one not unnatural for a rude peasant jealous lest an obligation should place him in a position of disadvantage, was followed by silence, during which the party ate.
Presently Abraham asked, 'How came you to be there?'
'Master sent Jim out with me in the big boat after ducks, and he was in the punt,' answered one of the men. 'He bade us lie by at the mouth of the Rhyn, while he went on to drive the birds our way; there was a lot, and we thought to pepper into a whole flight. He was not long away—not above an hour—when we saw the Ray house afire, and heard him shouting to us to come on, so we rowed as hard as hard, and by the time we landed he had broke open the door, and got the old lady out. We helped as best we might, and saved a deal of things.'
'They ain't worth much,' said Abraham. 'There's nothing in the house worth five pound,—take the whole lot. The cow was the only thing would pay for saving, and she was safe. I slept in the loft over her.'
'The life of your mistress was worth something, I hope, Abby.'
'Don't know that. Not to me, anyhow. She's not mistress; it is Mehalah that orders, and does everything. I don't reckon an old woman's life is worth a crown, not to nobody but herself, may be; but that is her concern not mine. She was an ailing aguish body. Why!' exclaimed Abraham banging his can of ale on the table, 'when you've saved an old woman who is nought but a trouble to everybody as does with her, of what wally is it? They might have paid you to let her alone, but not to lug her out of the fire. Now, Mehalah, she was another sort. But you didn't save her.'
'Where was she? She was not in the house.'
'How am I to know? I don't spy after her. Others may,' he gave a sly, covert look at Elijah, 'I don't. But I reckon she was out on the saltings watching for the sheep-stealers.'
'Have you had sheep-stealers on the Ray?'
'Aye, we have.'
'Did you watch for them at night?'
'I!' with a grunt. 'They were not my sheep. No, thank you. Let them that wallys the sheep watch 'em. I do what I'm paid to do, and I don't do more.'
Mehalah did not listen to the whole of this conversation. She had satisfied herself that Abraham was there, and had heard how Rebow and his men came to be on the spot when the fire broke out; she then closed the door again, and returned to the window. She did not leave her station till dawn, except to attend to the fire, to make it up from the heap stacked by the side of the chimneypiece. When day began to break, she seated herself on a stool by the bed, and laying her head on the mattress fell asleep, and slept for an hour or two, uneasily, troubled by dreams and the discomfort of her position.
When she awoke the house was quiet. She went downstairs, with reluctance, and found no one stirring, but the fire made up and a kettle boiling over it, the table spread with everything she could desire for breakfast. Elijah, Abraham, and the other men were gone. There was a canister with tea on the board. Mehalah made her mother some, and took it up to her.
The old woman was awake, and drank the tea with eagerness.
'I don't think I can get out of bed to-day, Mehalah!' she said. 'I feel my limbs all of an ache; the cold has got into the marrow of my bones, and I feel as if the frost were splitting them, as at times it will split pipes. I must lie abed till the thaw comes to them.'
'Can you eat anything?'
'I think I can.'
'Mother, how long are we going to remain here?'
'It is wery comfortable, I am sure.'
'But we cannot stay in this house.'
'Where else can we go?'
'I will get into service somewhere.'
'You cannot leave me. Where shall I go? I cannot leave my bed, and I don't think the frost will get out of my bones for a week or more.'
'I can not, I will not, remain here.'
'Where can we go?'
Mehalah put both her hands to her brow. She could not answer this question. Were she alone, she could get a situation in a farmhouse, perhaps; but with a sick mother dependent on her, this was not possible. No farmer would take them both in for the sake of her services.
'Where else can we go?' again asked Mrs. Sharland; then in a repining voice, 'If Master Rebow houses us for a while, it is very good of him, and we must be thankful, for we have no chance of shelter elsewhere. Where is the money to pay for rebuilding the farmhouse? Do you think my cousin, Charles Pettican——'
'No, no,' exclaimed Mehalah, 'not a word about him.'
'He spoke up and promised most handsomely,' said Mrs. Sharland.
'He can do nothing, mother, I will not ask him.'
'A man that has a gilded balcony to his house wouldn't miss a few pounds for running up a wooden cottage.'
'I will not go to him again.'
'My dear child,' said Mrs. Sharland, 'I don't doubt he would take us in on a visit for a while, when we are forced to leave Red Hall.'
'You think we shall not be obliged to remain here?'
'I don't see how we can. It is very good of Master Rebow to house us for a bit, but I doubt we can't stick as fixtures. I only wish we could. Anyhow stay here a bit we must. We have nowhere else to go to, except to my cousin Charles.'
Mehalah knew what this alternative was worth. It was a relief to her to hear her mother speak of their stay in Red Hall as only temporary. She could not endure to contemplate the possibility of its being permanent. She formed a hope that she would be able to find work somewhere, and hire a small cottage; she was strong enough to do as much as a man.
During the day, everything that had been rescued from the fire on the Ray was brought to Red Hall, even the cow, which was driven round by land, a matter of eleven miles. The old clock arrived, and was set up in the large room below, an old cypress chest or 'sprucehutch' as Mrs. Sharland called it, covered with curious shallow carvings picked out with burnt umber, representing a hawking party, that contained her best clothes, and was a security against moth, was conveyed into her bedroom. It weighed half a ton. The old Lowestoft dishes she valued were placed in the rack in the hall along with the ware that belonged to Elijah. The toad-jug, a white jug with a painted and glazed figure of a toad squatting inside it in the neck, was also brought to Red Hall, so even were two biscuit-china poodles with shaven posteriors and with manes and tufted tails, that had stood on the chimneypiece at the Ray. The warming-pan of brass with a stamped portrait of H.M. George I. on it was likewise transported to Red Hall, and hung up in the little oak-panelled parlour behind the entrance hall generally occupied by Rebow.
By degrees most of the property of Mrs. Sharland was brought to the house, and the small oak parlour was furnished with it. Her arm-chair of leather with high back was placed in the hall by the great fireplace that bore the inscription, 'When I hold, I hold fast.' There were also some things belonging specially to Glory that had been saved, and these were put in the oak parlour. The satisfaction of Mrs. Sharland at finding herself surrounded by her goods was extreme. She did not leave her bed, but she insisted on her daughter bringing her up everything that could be carried, that she might turn it about, and inspect it minutely and rejoice over what was uninjured, and bewail what had suffered. One of the poodles had lost an ear and part of its tail. The old woman cried and grumbled and scolded about this injury, as though it were on a level with the destruction of the house. She would see the men Jim and Joe who had brought it from the Ray in the boat; she catechised them minutely, she insisted on knowing which had brought the dog out of the burning house, where it had been placed till removal, and fretted, till they promised to examine the spot beneath the thorn tree where the china brute had spent the night, and also the bottom of the boat, for the missing tail tuft and ear tip.
'You know,' she said, 'if I boil them in milk with the dog, I can get them to stick on.'
Among certain persons, the mind is destitute of perspective, and consequently magnifies trifles and disregards great evils. Mrs. Sharland had a mind thus constituted. She harped all day on the battered biscuit-china dog, because it was placed on the mantelpiece of her bedroom, and was under her eyes whenever she turned her head that way. The farmhouse was almost forgotten in her distress about the tail; her flaming home formed but a red background to the mutilated white poodle.
Mehalah saw nothing of Elijah Rebow all day. He was several times in the house; directly her foot sounded on the stairs, however, he disappeared. But she saw and felt that he was considering her; his care to recover all the little treasures and property on the Ray evinced this; and in the house he provided everything she could need; he placed meat on the table in the hall for her dinner, and had boiled potatoes over the fire. They were set ready for her, she had only to take them out. Her mother ate heartily, and was loud in expressions of satisfaction at the comfort that surrounded them.
'I hope, Mehalah, we shan't have to leave this in a hurry.'
Glory did not answer.
Towards evening Abraham Dowsing arrived with the cow. The girl heard the low, and ran down—she could not help it—and threw her arms round the neck of the beast. There was a back stair leading to the kitchen and yard, by which she could descend without entering the hall, and by this means she avoided Elijah, who, she was aware, was there.
Elijah, however, came to the top of the steps after she had descended, and looked into the yard where she was. Mehalah at once desisted from lavishing her tenderness on the animal.
Abraham stood sulkily by.
'I've had a long bout,' he said.
'I dare say you have, Abraham,' she answered.
'I want something to eat and drink, I haven't bit nought since morning. There's nothing but ashes on the Ray now, and they are red-hot. You don't expect me to fill my belly on them.'
 She had now nothing to give the old man. She lived on the bounty of Rebow.
'I cannot go without my wittles,' persisted Abraham. 'Now I want to know where my wittles are to come from. I paid fourpence at the Rose for some bread and cheese, and you owes me that.'
'There is the money,' said Mehalah producing the coin.
'Ah! that is wery well. But where am I to get my wittles now? Am I your servant or ain't I? If I am,—where's my wittles?'
'Come here, Abraham,' said Elijah, from the kitchen door. 'There is bread and cold potatoes and meat here. You shall have your supper, and you can sleep in the loft.'
'Look here, master,' pursued the sullen old man, 'I want to know further where I'm to look for my wages.'
'To me,' said Rebow. 'I take you on.'
'Where am I to work?'
'Here, or on the Ray, looking after the sheep.'
'The sheep are not yours, they are hers,'—pointing to Mehalah with his thumb.
'The Ray and Red Hall are one concern,' answered Rebow. 'You look to me as your master, and to her as your mistress;' then he entered and slammed the door.
Abraham shrugged his shoulders. He leered at Mehalah, who had put her hands to her forehead.
'When are you going to church? Eh, mistress? I thought it was coming to this. But I don't care so long as I gets my wittles and wage.'
Abraham went slowly into the cattlehouse with the cow. Mehalah remained rooted to the spot, pressing her brow.
This was more than she could endure. She ran up the steps, she would speak to Rebow while her heart was full. She dashed through the kitchen and into the hall. He was not there. As she ran on, she tripped and almost fell; and recovered herself with horror. She had almost precipitated herself through the trap into the vault beneath. The door was thrown back, her foot had caught this. Faugh! an odour rose from the cellar as from the lair of a wild beast. She looked in, there was the maniac racing up and down in the den fastened by his chain, jabbering and uttering incoherent cries. He was almost naked, covered with filthy rags, and his hair hung over his face so that she could distinguish no features by the dim light that strayed down from the trap, and from the horn lanthorn that Elijah had placed on the steps. Rebow had a pitchfork, and he was tossing fresh straw to his brother, and raking out the sodden and crushed litter of the wretched man.
Mehalah could not bear the sight; she withdrew. She needed a little while by herself to consider what was best to be done, to think of what had taken place. She opened the front door, and descended by the long flight of steps over the arch. Then she saw that a shutter covered the circular window that in summer lighted the den of the maniac. This was now closed to shut out the cold of winter. There was a door. As she looked, Rebow opened it from within, and appeared, raking out the litter and the gnawed bones, the relics of his brother's repasts. He did not notice her, or he pretended not to do so, and she shrank back. Her wish to speak with him had gone from her. She was not equal to an interview till she had been alone for a while, and had gathered up her strength. An interview with him must be a contest. It was clear to her that he was resolved that she should stay at Red Hall. She was equally determined not to do so. But how to get away and remove her mother was more than she could discover.
She left the house and the garden round it, and walked through the meadow till she reached the sea-wall. She ascended that, and went along it to the spot where the Red Hall marsh divided the Tollesbury Fleet from the Virley and Salcott Creeks.
Then she threw herself beneath the windmill, the mill that pumped the water out of the dykes, and worked day and night whenever there was wind to move the sails. The mill was now at work. The wings rushed round, and the pump painfully creaked, and after every stroke sent a dash of water into the sea over the wall.
Mehalah hoped that here, away from her mother and Rebow, and the sights and sounds of Red Hall, she might be able to think. But it was not so. Her numbed head was unable to form any plans. She looked out at sea, it was leaden grey, ruffled with angry waves, and the mews screamed and dipped in them. The sky overhead was overcast. The Bradwell shore looked grey and bleak and desolate; there was not a sail in the offing. The fancy took her to sit and wait, and if she saw a ship pass to take it as a good omen, a promise of escape from her present perplexity.
She sat and waited. The sea darkened to a more sullen tint. The mews were no longer visible. Mersea with its trees and church tower disappeared. Bradwell coast loomed black as pitch against the last lingering light of day. Not a sail appeared.
Far away, out to sea, as the darkness deepened, gleamed a light. It gleamed a moment, then grew dim and disappeared in the blackness. A minute, and then it waxed, but waned again, and once more all was night. So on, in wearisome iteration. What she saw was the revolving Swin light fifteen miles from land, a floating Pharos. She thought of Elijah's words, she thought of the horrible iterations in the barrow on the hill, the embracing and fighting, embracing and fighting, loving and hating, loving and hating, till one should conquer of the twin but rival powers.
CHAPTER XVII.
FACE TO FACE.
Mehalah returned slowly to the house, her spirits oppressed with gloom. It was night without and within, before her face, and in her soul. The wind sighed and sobbed among the rushes and over the fen, in a disconsolate, despairing manner, and the breath of God within—the living soul—sighed and sobbed like His breath that blew over the wintry marsh without. Not a star looked down from His heaven above, and none looked up from His heaven below in the little confines of a human heart. Mehalah could scarce see her way in the fen, among the dykes and drains; she was as unable to find a path in the level of her life.
She reached Red Hall at last, and mounted the front stairs to the principal door. She would see Elijah now. It were better to speak with him and come to some understanding at once. It was intolerable to allow the present position to remain unexplained, and the future undetermined. She hesitated at the door. It was not without a struggle that she could open it and go in and face the man whose hospitality she was receiving and yet whom she abhorred. She knew that she was greatly indebted to him. He had saved her mother's life, he had secured from destruction a large amount of their property; yet she could not thank him. She resented his intrusion into their affairs, when anyone else would have been unobjectionable. She disliked him all the more because she knew she was heavily in his debt; it galled her almost past endurance to feel that she and her mother were then subsisting on his bounty.
'Come in, Glory!' shouted Elijah from within, as she halted at the door.
She entered. He was seated by the fire with his pipe in his hand; he had heard her step on the stairs, and had paused in his smoking, and had waited in a listening, expectant attitude.
He signed her to take a chair—her mother's chair—on the other side of the hearth. She paid no attention to the sign, but stood in the middle of the room, and unconsciously covered her eyes with her hands. Her pulses quivered in her temples. Her heart grew cold, and a faintness came over her.
'The light is not too strong to dazzle you,' said Elijah, 'put your hands down, I want to see your face.'
She made an effort to retain them where they were, but could not; they fell.
'Sit down.'
She shook her head.
'Sit down.'
'I want to speak with you, Elijah, for a moment. I must speak with you.' Her heart palpitated, her breast heaved. She could only utter short sentences.
'Sit down there!' he beckoned with the stalk of his pipe.
She still refused to obey. Her power was slipping from her. The exhaustion after the excitement she had gone through had affected even her stout will. She resolved to oppose him in this trifling matter, but knew that her resolution was infirm. She clung desperately to what remained to her of power.

He paused, and looked at her; then he said, 'Go to your mother!' and continued his smoking, with face averted.
'Elijah, I know what you have done, and are doing now for my mother.'
 He walked fast and noisily on the brick floor, with his high shoulders up and his head down. She watched him with painful apprehension; he reminded her of the mad brother pacing in the vault below. She could not speak to him whilst he persisted in this irritating, restless tramp. There was no help for it. She dropped into her mother's leather chair.
'There!' said he, and he flung a ring with some keys attached to it, into her lap. 'Take them. They are yours now. The keys of everything in the house, except of——' he jerked his pipe towards the den beneath.
'I cannot take them,' she said, and let them slide off her lap upon the floor.
'Pick them up!' he ordered.
'No,' she said firmly, 'I will not. Elijah, we must come to an understanding with each other.'
'We already understand each other,' he said, pausing in his walk. 'We always did. I can read your heart. I know everything that passes there, just as if it was written in red letters on a page. I understand you, and there's nobody else in the world that can. I was made to read you. I heard a Baptist preacher say one day that God wrote a book, and then He created mankind to read it.  I can do it. That wants no scholarship, it comes by nature to me. Others can't. They might puzzle and rack their heads, they'd make nothing of you. But you are clear as light of day to me. You understand me?'
'I do not.'
'You will not. You set your obstinate, wicked mind against understanding me. I heard a preacher once say—I went to chapel along of my mother when I was a boy; I goes nowhere now but to the Ray after you—What is God? It is that as makes a man, and keeps him alive, and gives him hopes of happiness, or plunges him in hell. Every man has his own God; for there is something different makes and mars each man. What do I want but you, Glory? It is you that can make and keep me alive, and you are my happiness or my hell.'
'But,' said he standing still again, and flourishing his hand and pipe, 'as I was saying, I heard a preacher say once, that God made every man of a lump of clay and a drop of spittle, and that He made always two at a time. He couldn't help it. He has two hands and ain't right and left handed as we, but works with both, and then He casts about the men He has made, anywhere. Hasn't He made all things double? Have not you two hands and two feet and two eyes? Is there not a sun and a moon, are there not two poles to the earth, and two sexes, and day and night, and winter and summer? and—' he went up before Mehalah, and with a burst of passion—'and you and me?' Then he recommenced his pacing, but slower, and continued, 'Wherever those two are that God made with His two hands, they must come together. It don't matter where they be, if one is in Mersea, and t'other is in Asia, or Africa, or China, or America, or London, it don't matter, soon or late, they must come together, and when they come together then they are in heaven. Now if a man takes some other left-handed figure—it was the left hand made woman—then it don't matter, he can't go against his destiny. He has taken the wrong woman, and he is not happy. He knows it all along, and he feels restless and craving in his soul, and if he does not find the proper one in this world when he goes out of it, he waits and wanders, till the proper one dies and begins to hunt about for her right-hand man. That is what makes ghosts to ramble. Ghosts are those that have married the wrong ones, wandering and waiting, and seeking for their right mates. Do you hear the piping and the crying at the windows of a winter night? That is the ghosts looking in and sobbing because they are out in the cold shivering till they meet their mates. But when they meet, then that is heaven. There's a heaven for everyone, but that is only once for all when the two doubles find each other, and if that be not in this life, why it is after. And there is a hell too, but that isn't reserved for all, and it does not last for ever and ever, but is only when one has taken the wrong mate and has found it out.' He stopped. He had become very earnest and excited by what he had said. He came again over against Mehalah. 'Glory!' he continued, 'don't you see how the moon goes after the sun and cannot come to him? She is his proper mate and double, and the sun don't know, and won't have it, and so day and night, and winter and summer, and waxing and waning goes on and on. But that won't go on for ever. The sun will grow sad at heart, and wane for want of the moon some day, and then there will be a great flare and blaze and glory, and they will be in heaven. And now the two poles of the earth are apart, and so long as they keep apart, the world rolls on in misery and pain, and that is what makes earthquakes, and volcanoes, and great plagues—the poles are apart which ought to be together. But they are drawing gradually nearer each other. The seasons now are not what they used to be, and that is it. The poles are not where they were, they are straining to meet. And some day they will run into one, and that will be the end. I've heard say that in the Bible it is spoken that there'll be an end of this world. I could have known that without the Bible. The poles must come together some day, and be one. Glory!' he went on, 'you and I are each other's doubles, you was made with God's left hand, and I with his right, at the same moment of time, and He cast you into the Ray, and me to Red Hall. There was not much space between, only some water and ooze and marsh, and we've been drawing and drawing nearer and closer for ever so long, and now you are here, under my roof. You can't help it. You cannot fight agin it. You was made for me and I for you, and you'll have a life of hell unless you take me now. I must be yours. You thought you'd resist and take George De Witt. It might have been.  You would have heard me crying at your window and beating at your door, and you would have felt me drawing and drawing of you, whether you chose or not, taking the heart away from your George, and bringing it to me. Then at last, you'd have died, and then, then, you'd have been mine, and you would have found our heaven after thirty, forty, fifty years of hell.'
The terrible earnestness of the man imposed on Mehalah. He spoke what he believed. He gave utterance, in his rude fierce way, to what he felt. She, untaught, full of dim gropings after something higher, vaster, than the flat, narrow life she led, was startled.
'Heaven with you!' she cried, drawing back; 'never! never!'
'Heaven with me, and with none but me. You can't get another heaven but in my arms, for you was made for me by God. I told you so, but you would not believe it. Try, if you like, to find it elsewhere. God didn't make you and George De Witt out of one lump. He couldn't have done it—You, Glory! strong, great, noble, with a will of iron, and that weak, helpless, vulgar lout, tied to his mother's apron. He couldn't have done it. He made, like enough, Phoebe Musset and George De Witt out of one piece, but you and me was moulded together at the same time, out of the same clay, and the same breath is in our hearts, and the same blood in our veins. You can't help it, it is so. You can not, you shall not, escape me. Soon or late you must find your proper mate, soon or late you must seek your double, soon or late find your heaven.'
He came now quietly and seated himself in his chair opposite Mehalah.
'What did you fare to say, Glory?' he asked. 'I interrupted you.'
'I must thank you first for what you have done for my mother.'
'I have done nothing for her,' said Elijah sharply.
'You drew her out of the burning house. You saved her goods from the flames. You have sheltered her here.'
'I have done nothing for her,' said Elijah again. 'Whatever I have done, I did for you. But for you she might have burned, and I would not have put out a finger to help her. What care I for her? She is naught to me. She wasn't destined for me; that was you.  I collected your things from the blazing house. I have taken you in. I take her in only as I might take in your shoe, or your cow, because it is yours. She is naught to me. I don't care if I never saw or heard her again.'
He got up and went to the window, took a flask thence; then brought his gun from a corner, and began to polish the brass fittings with rag, having first put on the metal some of the vitriol from the bottle.
'Look at this,' he said, dropping some of the acid on the tarnished brass. 'Look how it frets and boils till it has scummed away the filth, and then the brass is bright as gold. That's like me. I'm fretted and fume with your opposition, and I dare say it is as well I get a little. But after a bit it will bring out the shining metal. You will see what I am. You don't like me now, because I'm not shapely and handsome as your George De Witt. But there is the gold metal underneath; he was but gilt pinchbeck—George De Witt!' he repeated. 'That was a fancy of yours, that he was your mate! You could not have loved him a week after you'd known what he was. Marriage would have rubbed the plating off, and you would have scorned and cast him aside.'
'Elijah!' said Mehalah, 'I cannot bear this. I loved once, and I shall love for ever,—not you!—you—never,' with gathering emphasis, 'George, only George, none but George.'
'More fool you,' said Rebow sulkily. 'Only I don't believe it. You say so to aggravate me, but you don't think it.'
She did not care to pursue the subject. She had spoken out her heart, and was satisfied.
'Well, what else had you to say? I didn't think you was one of the bread and butter curtsey-my-dears and thanky, sirs! That is a new feature in you, Glory! It is the first time I've had the taste of thanks from you on my tongue.'
'You never gave me occasion before.'
'No more I did,' he answered. 'You are right there. And I don't care for thanks now. I'd take them if I valued them, but I don't. I don't care to have them from you. I don't expect thanks from my body when I feed it, nor from my hands when I warm 'em at the fire; they belong to me, and I give 'em their due. What I do for you I do for myself, for the same reason. You belong to me.'
'I must speak,' said Mehalah. 'This is more than I can endure. You say things of me, and to me, which I will not suffer. Do you mean to insult me? Have I ever given you the smallest reason to encourage you to assume this right?'
'No. But it must be. You can't always go against fate.'
'I do not believe in this fate, this destiny, of which you talk,' said the girl gathering up her strength, as her indignation swelled within her. 'You have no right over me whatever. I have been brought here against my will, but at the same time I cannot do other than acknowledge your hospitality. Had you not given us a shelter, I know not whither we should have gone. I ask you to let us shelter here a little longer, but only a little longer, till I have found some situation where I can work, and support my mother. We must sell our little goods, our sheep and cow, and with the proceeds——'
'With the proceeds you will have to pay the rent of the Ray to Lady Day.'
'You cannot be so ungenerous,' gasped Mehalah, flashing wrathfully against him. 'This undoes all your kindness in housing us. But if it must be, so be it. We will sell all, and pay you every penny; yes, and for our keep in this house, as long as we are forced to remain.'
'Not so fast, Glory,' said Elijah composedly. 'There are various things to be considered first. You can't find a situation—no one would take you in along of an old bedridden mother.'
'I can but try.'
'Aye, try; try by all means, and then come back to me. You have tried a deal of tricks to escape me, but you can't do it. You tried by borrowing money of George De Witt, you tried by going to that old palsied shipbuilder, you tried at Parson Tyll's, you tried, I don't know how at last, and you got the money; but yet you couldn't escape me. You tried to get George De Witt as your husband, to keep you from me in life, but it came to naught. He's gone out of the path that leads from you to me. You may heap up what you will, but the earth will open, and swallow all obstructions, and leave the way smooth and open. Did you ever see the old place—they call it the Devil's Walls—by Payne's? No, I dare say you don't know thereabouts. Well, I'll tell you how that spot lies waste, and covered with brambles and nettles now. The old lords D'Arcy thought to build a castle there. Then the Salcott creek ran up so far, and they could row and sail right up to their gates, were the mansion built. But it could not be. The masons built all day, and at night the earth sucked the walls in. They worked there a whole year, and they brought stones from Kent, and they poured in boulders, and they laid bricks, but it was all of no good, the earth drank in everything they put on it, as water. At last they gave it up, and they built instead on the hill where stands Barn Hall. It will be the same with you. You may build what you like, and where you like, it will go; it cannot stand, it will be swallowed up; you can only build on me.'
'Elijah! I insist on your listening to me. I will not hear this.'
'You will not? I do not care, you must. My will will drink in yours. But go on; say what you wish.'
'I am going to propose this. Pay me a wage, and I will work here. I will attend to the house and the cows, and do anything you require of me. You have no servant, and you need one.  I shall not be ashamed to be that, but I will not remain here unless my place be determined and recognised.'
'You shall be the mistress.'
'I do not want, I do not choose to be anything else in this house but your hired servant. Pay me a wage, and I will remain till I can find some other situation; refuse, and, if I have to leave my mother, I will go out of this house to-night.'
'If you leave your mother, I will throw her out.'
'I would fetch her away. I would carry her in my arms.  You shall be paid. I will give you five shillings a week. Is that enough?'
'More than enough, with my keep and that of my mother. I thank you now. In future speak of me to the men as their fellow-servant, and not as you did recently to Abraham as their mistress.'
'I shall speak to them as I like. Am I to be controlled by you?'
'Then I will leave. I will carry my mother to the inn at Salcott, and rest there till I can find some other shelter.'
'Now look here, Glory,' said Elijah. He put his gun aside, and leaned his elbows on his knees, and faced her. 'It is of no use your talking of running away from me. You may run, but I can draw you back. I sit here of a night brooding over my fire, I begin thinking of you. I think, I think, and then a spirit takes me as it were, and fills me with fierce will, to bring you here. I feel I have threads at every finger and threads to my knees and to my feet, all fast to you, and if I stir, I move you. I lift my finger, and you raise yours. I wave my hand up, and you throw up yours. You don't know it. I do. I know that I have but to rise up from my chair, and I lift you up wherever you may be, in your bed, in your grave, and then, if I draw in with my will, I wind up these threads, and you come, you come, from wheresoever you are, out of your bed in your smock, out of your grave in your shroud; doors are nothing, my will can burst them open; locks are naught, my will can wrench them off; the screws in the coffin lid and five feet of earth are nothing, I could draw you through all. I could draw you over the ooze, and you would not be sucked in by it. I could draw you over the water, and you would not wet your foot. I could draw you through the marsh and you would not break a bullrush; look there—' he waved his arm towards the door. 'That door would fly open, and there you would stand, like one dreaming, with your eyes wide open as they are now, with your cheek colourless as now, with your lips parted as now, helpless, unable to stir a finger, or utter a sound, against my will, and you would rush into my arms, and fall on my heart. I can do all that. I feel it. I know it. I have sat here and wanted to do it, but I have not. I would not have you come to me in that way, but come of your own free will. You must come to me one way or other. Look here!' he raised his hand, and involuntarily, unconsciously, she lifted hers.
'Pick up the keys.'
She stooped and took them up.
 Now you are more compliant. My will is gaining over yours. Your will is stout and rebellious, but it must bend and give way before mine. Go; I have done with you for the present.'


TouchScroll by David Aurelio
Copyright (C) 2010 uxebu Consulting Ltd. & Co. KG Copyright (C) 2010 David Aurelio Copyright (C) 2008 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.


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ATMATCH See also Contents file for ATMATCH and its subfolders. ATMATCH atApplyVariation - Applies a series of variations to variables as described in atDisplayConstraintsChange - This funciton evaluates the contraints defined in Constraints for lattice atDisplayVariableChange - This functions retrives variable Values for two rings to compare atEvaluateConstraints - This funciton evaluates the contraints defined in Constraints for lattice atGetPenalty atGetVariableValue atlinconstraint - Generate a constraint on linear optics for atmatch atmatch - Function [.. atVariableBuilder - AtVarBuilder create a simple variable structure for use with atmatch This file was generated by updateContents.m on 04 Mar 2018 at 00:00:01.


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