Password cracking is the process of recovering passwords from data that has been stored in or transmitted by a computer system. A common approach is to repeatedly try guesses for the password.
Users often choose weak passwords. Examples of insecure choices include single words found in dictionaries, family names, any too short password (usually thought to be less than 6 or 7 characters), or predictable patterns (e.g. alternating vowels and consonants, which is known as leetspeak, so "password" becomes "p@55w0rd").
Creating a targeted wordlists, which is generated towards the target, often gives the highest success rate. There are public tools out there that will create a dictionary based on a combination of company websites, personal social networks and other common information (such as birthdays or year of graduation).
A last resort is to try every possible password, known as a brute force attack. In theory, if there is no limit to the number of attempts, a brute force attack will always be successful since the rules for acceptable passwords must be publicly known; but as the length of the password increases, so does the number of possible passwords making the attack time longer.
Lets take a look into some unsafe scenarios
Low Level Brute Force Source Code (php)
<?php if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) { // Get username $user = $_GET[ 'username' ]; // Get password $pass = $_GET[ 'password' ]; $pass = md5( $pass ); // Check the database $query = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';"; $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $query ) or die( '
' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '
' ); if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) { // Get users details $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result ); $avatar = $row["avatar"]; // Login successful echo "
Welcome to the password protected area {$user}
"; echo ""; } else { // Login failed echo "

Username and/or password incorrect.
"; } ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res); } ?>
The developer has completely missed out any protections methods, allowing for anyone to try as many times as they wish, to login to any user without any repercussions.
Medium Level Brute Force Source Code (php)
<?php if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) { // Sanitise username input $user = $_GET[ 'username' ]; $user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); // Sanitise password input $pass = $_GET[ 'password' ]; $pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); $pass = md5( $pass ); // Check the database $query = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';"; $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $query ) or die( '
' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '
' ); if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) { // Get users details $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result ); $avatar = $row["avatar"]; // Login successful echo "
Welcome to the password protected area {$user}
"; echo ""; } else { // Login failed sleep( 2 ); echo "

Username and/or password incorrect.
"; } ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res); } ?>
This stage adds a sleep on the failed login screen. This mean when you login incorrectly, there will be an extra two second wait before the page is visible. This will only slow down the amount of requests which can be processed a minute, making it longer to brute force.
High Level Brute Force Source Code (php)
<?php if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) { // Check Anti-CSRF token checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' ); // Sanitise username input $user = $_GET[ 'username' ]; $user = stripslashes( $user ); $user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); // Sanitise password input $pass = $_GET[ 'password' ]; $pass = stripslashes( $pass ); $pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); $pass = md5( $pass ); // Check database $query = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';"; $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $query ) or die( '
' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '
' ); if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) { // Get users details $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result ); $avatar = $row["avatar"]; // Login successful echo "
Welcome to the password protected area {$user}
"; echo ""; } else { // Login failed sleep( rand( 0, 3 ) ); echo "

Username and/or password incorrect.
"; } ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res); } // Generate Anti-CSRF token generateSessionToken(); ?>
There has been an "anti Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) token" used. There is a old myth that this protection will stop brute force attacks. This is not the case. This level also extends on the medium level, by waiting when there is a failed login but this time it is a random amount of time between two and four seconds. The idea of this is to try and confuse any timing predictions. Using a CAPTCHA form could have a similar effect as a CSRF token.
Safe scenario
<?php if( isset( $_POST[ 'Login' ] ) && isset ($_POST['username']) && isset ($_POST['password']) ) { // Check Anti-CSRF token checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' ); // Sanitise username input $user = $_POST[ 'username' ]; $user = stripslashes( $user ); $user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); // Sanitise password input $pass = $_POST[ 'password' ]; $pass = stripslashes( $pass ); $pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : "")); $pass = md5( $pass ); // Default values $total_failed_login = 3; $lockout_time = 15; $account_locked = false; // Check the database (Check user information) $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT failed_login, last_login FROM users WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' ); $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR ); $data->execute(); $row = $data->fetch(); // Check to see if the user has been locked out. if( ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) && ( $row[ 'failed_login' ] >= $total_failed_login ) ) { // User locked out. Note, using this method would allow for user enumeration! //echo "

This account has been locked due to too many incorrect logins.
"; // Calculate when the user would be allowed to login again $last_login = strtotime( $row[ 'last_login' ] ); $timeout = $last_login + ($lockout_time * 60); $timenow = time(); /* print "The last login was: " . date ("h:i:s", $last_login) . "
"; print "The timenow is: " . date ("h:i:s", $timenow) . "
"; print "The timeout is: " . date ("h:i:s", $timeout) . "
"; */ // Check to see if enough time has passed, if it hasn't locked the account if( $timenow < $timeout ) { $account_locked = true; // print "The account is locked
"; } } // Check the database (if username matches the password) $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT * FROM users WHERE user = (:user) AND password = (:password) LIMIT 1;' ); $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR); $data->bindParam( ':password', $pass, PDO::PARAM_STR ); $data->execute(); $row = $data->fetch(); // If its a valid login... if( ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) && ( $account_locked == false ) ) { // Get users details $avatar = $row[ 'avatar' ]; $failed_login = $row[ 'failed_login' ]; $last_login = $row[ 'last_login' ]; // Login successful echo "
Welcome to the password protected area {$user}
"; echo ""; // Had the account been locked out since last login? if( $failed_login >= $total_failed_login ) { echo "
Warning: Someone might of been brute forcing your account.
"; echo "
Number of login attempts: {$failed_login}.
Last login attempt was at: ${last_login}.
"; } // Reset bad login count $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET failed_login = "0" WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' ); $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR ); $data->execute(); } else { // Login failed sleep( rand( 2, 4 ) ); // Give the user some feedback echo "

Username and/or password incorrect.

Alternative, the account has been locked because of too many failed logins.
If this is the case, please try again in {$lockout_time} minutes.
"; // Update bad login count $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET failed_login = (failed_login + 1) WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' ); $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR ); $data->execute(); } // Set the last login time $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET last_login = now() WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' ); $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR ); $data->execute(); } // Generate Anti-CSRF token generateSessionToken(); ?>
Brute force (and user enumeration) should not be possible in the impossible level. The developer has added a "lock out" feature, where if there are five bad logins within the last 15 minutes, the locked out user cannot log in. If the locked out user tries to login, even with a valid password, it will say their username or password is incorrect. This will make it impossible to know if there is a valid account on the system, with that password, and if the account is locked. This can cause a "Denial of Service" (DoS), by having someone continually trying to login to someone's account. This level would need to be extended by blacklisting the attacker (e.g. IP address, country, user-agent).


Finike is a small commercial port in a market-garden growing area. It is especially well known for its citrus fruits due to its especially mild climate.
The marina here is a popular place to spend the winter for many liveaboards. As well as the marina being in a traditional Turkish provincial town it is also only three hours drive from Saklikent Ski Resort. The Lycean Way coastal path goes through Finike and some excellent walking trails are to be found locally as well as many ancient ruins from the Roman and Lycean period.
Position 36º17.4'N,30º9.0'E
For the full details on Turkey Formalities go here.
Port police, Customs, Immigration and Health authorities are all based here.
There are laid moorings in the marina, where help for berthing is available 24 hours a day. This port is becoming increasingly popular as a winter lay-up destination for yachts.
See reports from cruisers about this marina here.


Swift Playgrounds is a revolutionary app for iPad and Mac that makes learning Swift interactive and fun. It requires no coding knowledge, so it’s perfect for students just starting out. Solve puzzles to master the basics using Swift — a powerful programming language created by Apple and used by the pros to build today’s most popular apps. Then take on a series of challenges and step up to more advanced playgrounds designed by Apple and other leading developers.
Real Swift code.
Real simple. Real playful.
Learning to code with Swift Playgrounds is incredibly engaging. The app comes with a complete set of Apple-designed lessons. Play your way through the basics in “Fundamentals of Swift” using real code to guide a character through a 3D world. Then move on to more advanced concepts.
Conquer levels, puzzles, and coding concepts.
Starting with the “Fundamentals of Swift” lesson, you’ll tackle goals using the same code professional developers use every day. As you move along, more advanced concepts come into play. You’ll continually build on what you’ve learned and create even more complex code.
Master the basics,
then step up to more challenges.
In addition to the built-in library of lessons, Swift Playgrounds includes a collection of extra challenges — with new ones added over time.  You’re not just building fun creations, you’re building your skills, too.
A big world of playgrounds from a big community of developers.
Discover dozens of channels with fun new challenges created by leading developers and publishers. Subscribe to your favorites and you’ll receive their latest creations right in the app. Now there are no bounds to your playgrounds.
A new way to create code.
On the best device for learning.
Easily drag braces around code, wrap existing code in a loop, or choose from dozens of drag-and-drop snippets included in Swift Playgrounds — right from your iPad or Mac. Take full advantage of powerful Multi-Touch, multitasking, and split view capabilities on iPad. Also, enjoy the view from your Mac. The larger screen makes room for a new sidebar with a complete table of contents and quick access to other Swift files. Just tap, drag, or type text and numbers. Then interact with what you’ve created.
QuickType and coding keyboard.
Write an entire line of code with just a tap. With QuickType for code, the Shortcut Bar automatically and intelligently suggests commands as you go. When typing is the best option, iPad has an innovative keyboard designed for coding. Simply touch a key to access multiple characters, then drag to choose the one you want. Experience similar code suggestions on Mac, which comes with even more help to complete your code.
Help is just a tap away.
If you come across a command that’s hard to understand, simply tap it and hold. A menu of options will appear. Choose the most relevant one and get the answer you need.
Jump-start your creativity with Starting Points.
Use what you’ve learned to create something brand new. With Starting Points, you can get a head start on more advanced coding, add multiple files to your playground at once, and use iPad features such as Multi-Touch interactions, accelerometer, and gyroscope. Personalize your project by adding graphics, audio, and more. Then easily share with friends, family, or the world. Students can also share code with classmates when teachers use Starting Points to create lessons.
Explore your creations in full screen.
Immerse yourself by using the vivid Retina displays of iPad or Mac. Simply tap the center divider, then drag to view your code or live project on the full screen. You can also customize built-in games like Battleship and Brick Breaker, then immerse yourself by letting them take up the whole screen.
See your code crawl, roll, or fly through the sky.
Watch your code spring to life by programming real robots, musical instruments, and drones. The Accessories channel is filled with engaging playgrounds that let you configure and control popular educational toys like LEGO® MINDSTORMS® EV3. And that’s just the beginning.
Sphero playgrounds let you guide this spherical robot through tricky courses, accelerate over jumps, and change colors.
Dash playgrounds challenge you to make it sing, dance and respond to sensor inputs to react to their environment.
MeeBot playgrounds guide you through coding Jimu Robot Meebot’s six robotic servo motors to make him move in lifelike ways. Or even dance.

Explore robots, drones, and many other connected devices that support Swift Playgrounds.
Share your creation with
a friend. Or the world.
Send your code to a friend’s iPad using Mail, Messages, or AirDrop. Your friends can view it in Swift Playgrounds and even build on it by adding their own twists. You can also post a video of your running program to the web for the world to see.


CREATE: what you envision
BUILD: what you strive for
WIN: there is no other way
Welcome to everything you need to hear. Escape from your Reality now enter ours,
The Bravos Nation.
The Bravos formed in 2010 when two talented Producers, Oliver Grey (Mikhail Johnson) & Grammy nominated Tune Da Rula (Akintunde Akinwande), connected through colleagues, friends and a mutually shared passion to make music. Building The Bravos foundation on a combination of hard work, versatility, and creativity with their own personal touch, the group landed placements on major television networks in addition to placements with renown recording artists. .
In 2013, The Bravos were introduced to KnaLedge (Joseph Subero) an
A&R at MIH Entertainment, Content Editor for HotNewHipHop.com. KnaLedge recognized the groups mission and through his experience in the music industry, came on board as a manager before transitioning himself into a Producer role in early 2014. During this transition, The Bravos recruited Shndō (Luis Martinez), their final member and talented Producer/DJ out of Miami, FL. Operating with a diverse skill set, and the knowledge/experience of the music industry, the group was able to gain attention on an international level.
It took one amazing record to prove that sky is the limit and together they could accomplish everything beyond what they originally envisioned. The purpose behind, “The Bravos” is the eradication of “genre” and embracing music as a whole. This is truly what makes The Bravos unique. There are no limits to their music, no rules to their methods, and nothing stopping them from becoming one of the most prominent musical groups ever. They have constantly stated that their influences are, in short, everything.
Not only do they consider themselves Producers/Writers/DJs of music, but more as wielders of it, maestros of an orchestra and leaders of a movement. Vision, purpose, passion, and drive; are the factors that keep this group together. The Bravos are relentlessly working with artists of all genres and letting their music touch the souls of the people who hear it.


Click on the minute value to set the time
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Designed and Coded by
Chival Trotman


There are various directives we've already built for your use.
Whenever you need a directive, first look here.
If the utils library doesn't have it (and you think it should), we encourage you to write the directive in a good, readable and reusable way, and add it to the utils (so others will benefit from it as well).
This directive is used as an attribute.
It makes sure the element's height is adjusted according to the available space:
This directive should be used by elements inside a plugin's template in two cases:
The available space is calculated by comparing the total height of the plugin's template to the available browser window height.
As a consequence, if the plugin contains elements which are positioned outside of the flow (e.g by using absolute positioning), they aren't considered part of the plugin's height.
Only one para-stretch directive is permitted per plugin.
Note: this directive won't work on elements such as span. Use div instead.
This directive is used as an attribute.
In coordination with the para-stretch directive, this directive is responsible for displaying a slick and beautiful scrollbar over the para-stretch element whenever its content doesn't fit to the browser window, and is shrunk.
In most cases, whenever one uses the para-stretch directive, the para-scrollbar directive should be used as well.
This directive is used as an attribute.
The text used by this attribute will appear as a bootstrap tooltip whenever the user hovers over the element.
If this attribute changes (e.g. by using an angular expression), the tooltip changes accordingly.
These directives cooperate together in order to give a multi-selection experience.
para-master-select and para-select must be nested within a para-multi-selection.
Each para-select creates a checkbox.
The para-master-select creates a checkbox which controls all of the para-select in a two-way manner:
This directive is used as an element.
It creates a toggle button with state bound to the para-state attribute.
One should pass in to the para-state an object with a state
field.
The state field is two-way linked to the button's toggle state.
This directive is used as an element.
It creates a toggle button with state bound to ng-model.
It also supports an activated
attribute:
This directive is used as an attribute on a button.
The value of this attribute should be an angular expression.
Once this expression is evaluated to true, the button will change to a loading button, meaning - it's content will change to a rotating loading icon.
Once the expression is evaluated to false, the loading animation stops, and the original content is restored.
This directive is used as an element.
It enables a basic pagination, e.g - one can split a big list using this directive.
Its visual appearance is a row of buttons - each represents a page.
Clicking on it will change the state of the directive (the current
attribute which is described later is changed).
One can watch on the current page value, and display the appropriate data to the user.
The following attributes are used by the directive:
pages
: the number of pages.
current
: an object which should have a page
field.
This field is two-way linked to current page the user has chosen.
window
: the number of buttons the pagination directive has.
pages > window
, the most left and right buttons will have an arrow icon on them (meaning - there are more pages).
This directive is used as an element.
It simply uses a template to create a bootstrap modal element with a visual UX appropriate for displaying a file contents.
It supports the following attributes:
title
: the title of the modal.
path
: the path of the file.
The contents of the file should be nested inside of the directive (these will be displayed in the modal's body).
In order to show the modal, one should give an id to the element, and then display the modal using the regular bootstrap way (either by using a link to it or by using the JavaScript API).
This directive is used as an element.
It should be used whenever you've got a one line of text which is too long to be displayed.
This directive crops the text and appends ellipsis. In order to view the original text, the user can hover over the text, and a tooltip with the original text will be displayed.
It supports the following attributes:
text
: the text to be displayed.
limit
: the number of characters to display. Any character beyond this limit will be cropped.
This directive is used as an element.
It displays a pie chart.
When some slice is hovered / clicked its information is displayed in the center of the pie.
It expects to find in the slices
attribute an array of slice objects. Each slice has the following fields:
title
: the title of the slice.
size
: the size of the slice. Can be any positive number (integer or float).
The sum of all of the slices' sizes don't have to add up to any specific number.
textPrefix
, textSuffix
: these are used to construct the text that will be displayed in the center of the pie: textPrefix + size + textSuffix
.


基本配置¶
Glance has a number of options that you can use to configure the Glance API server, the Glance Registry server, and the various storage backends that Glance can use to store images.
Most configuration is done via configuration files, with the Glance API server and Glance Registry server using separate configuration files.
When starting up a Glance server, you can specify the configuration file to use (see the documentation on controller Glance servers). If you do not specify a configuration file, Glance will look in the following directories for a configuration file, in order:
~/.glance
~/
/etc/glance
/etc
The Glance API server configuration file should be named glance-api.conf
.
Similarly, the Glance Registry server configuration file should be named
glance-registry.conf
. If you installed Glance via your operating system’s
package management system, it is likely that you will have sample
configuration files installed in /etc/glance
.
In addition to this documentation page, you can check the
etc/glance-api.conf
and etc/glance-registry.conf
sample configuration
files distributed with Glance for example configuration files for each server
application with detailed comments on what each options does.
The PasteDeploy configuration (controlling the deployment of the WSGI
application for each component) may be found by default in
<component>-paste.ini alongside the main configuration file, <component>.conf.
For example, glance-api-paste.ini
corresponds to glance-api.conf
.
This pathname for the paste config is configurable, as follows:
[paste_deploy]
config_file = /path/to/paste/config
Glance的通用配置项¶
Glance has a few command-line options that are common to all Glance programs:
--verbose
Optional. Default: False
Can be specified on the command line and in configuration files.
Turns on the INFO level in logging and prints more verbose command-line interface printouts.
--debug
Optional. Default: False
Can be specified on the command line and in configuration files.
Turns on the DEBUG level in logging.
--config-file=PATH
Optional. Default: See below for default search order.
Specified on the command line only.
Takes a path to a configuration file to use when running the program. If this CLI option is not specified, then we check to see if the first argument is a file. If it is, then we try to use that as the configuration file. If there is no file or there were no arguments, we search for a configuration file in the following order:
~/.glance
~/
/etc/glance
/etc
The filename that is searched for depends on the server application name. So,
if you are starting up the API server, glance-api.conf
is searched for,
otherwise glance-registry.conf
.
--config-dir=DIR
Optional. Default: None
Specified on the command line only.
Takes a path to a configuration directory from which all *.conf fragments are loaded. This provides an alternative to multiple –config-file options when it is inconvenient to explicitly enumerate all the config files, for example when an unknown number of config fragments are being generated by a deployment framework.
If –config-dir is set, then –config-file is ignored.
An example usage would be:
$ glance-api –config-dir=/etc/glance/glance-api.d
- $ ls /etc/glance/glance-api.d
- 00-core.conf 01-s3.conf 02-swift.conf 03-ssl.conf ... etc.
The numeric prefixes in the example above are only necessary if a specific parse ordering is required (i.e. if an individual config option set in an earlier fragment is overridden in a later fragment).
Note that glance-manage
currently loads configuration from three files:
glance-registry.conf
glance-api.conf
- and the newly created
glance-manage.conf
By default glance-manage.conf
only specifies a custom logging file but
other configuration options for glance-manage
should be migrated in there.
Warning: Options set in glance-manage.conf
will override options of
the same section and name set in the other two. Similarly, options in
glance-api.conf
will override options set in glance-registry.conf
.
This tool is planning to stop loading glance-registry.conf
and
glance-api.conf
in a future cycle.
配置服务器启动选项¶
You can put the following options in the glance-api.conf
and
glance-registry.conf
files, under the [DEFAULT]
section. They enable
startup and binding behaviour for the API and registry servers, respectively.
bind_host=ADDRESS
The address of the host to bind to.
Optional. Default: <IP_ADDRESS>
bind_port=PORT
The port the server should bind to.
Optional. Default: 9191
for the registry server, 9292
for the API server
backlog=REQUESTS
Number of backlog requests to configure the socket with.
Optional. Default: 4096
tcp_keepidle=SECONDS
Sets the value of TCP_KEEPIDLE in seconds for each server socket. Not supported on OS X.
Optional. Default: 600
workers=PROCESSES
Number of Glance API or Registry worker processes to start. Each worker process will listen on the same port. Increasing this value may increase performance (especially if using SSL with compression enabled). Typically it is recommended to have one worker process per CPU. The value 0 will prevent any new processes from being created.
Optional. Default: The number of CPUs available will be used by default.
配置支持SSL¶
cert_file=PATH
Path to the certificate file the server should use when binding to an SSL-wrapped socket.
Optional. Default: not enabled.
key_file=PATH
Path to the private key file the server should use when binding to an SSL-wrapped socket.
Optional. Default: not enabled.
ca_file=PATH
Path to the CA certificate file the server should use to validate client
certificates provided during an SSL handshake. This is ignored if
cert_file
and ‘’key_file`` are not set.
Optional. Default: not enabled.
配置Registry访问¶
There are a number of configuration options in Glance that control how the API server accesses the registry server.
registry_client_protocol=PROTOCOL
If you run a secure Registry server, you need to set this value to https
and also set registry_client_key_file
and optionally
registry_client_cert_file
.
Optional. Default: http
registry_client_key_file=PATH
The path to the key file to use in SSL connections to the
registry server, if any. Alternately, you may set the
GLANCE_CLIENT_KEY_FILE
environ variable to a filepath of the key file
Optional. Default: Not set.
registry_client_cert_file=PATH
Optional. Default: Not set.
The path to the cert file to use in SSL connections to the
registry server, if any. Alternately, you may set the
GLANCE_CLIENT_CERT_FILE
environ variable to a filepath of the cert file
registry_client_ca_file=PATH
Optional. Default: Not set.
The path to a Certifying Authority’s cert file to use in SSL connections to the
registry server, if any. Alternately, you may set the
GLANCE_CLIENT_CA_FILE
environ variable to a filepath of the CA cert file
registry_client_insecure=False
Optional. Default: False.
When using SSL in connections to the registry server, do not require validation via a certifying authority. This is the registry’s equivalent of specifying –insecure on the command line using glanceclient for the API
registry_client_timeout=SECONDS
Optional. Default: 600
.
The period of time, in seconds, that the API server will wait for a registry request to complete. A value of ‘0’ implies no timeout.
use_user_token=True
Optional. Default: True
Pass the user token through for API requests to the registry.
If ‘use_user_token’ is not in effect then admin credentials can be specified (see below). If admin credentials are specified then they are used to generate a token; this token rather than the original user’s token is used for requests to the registry.
admin_user=USER
If ‘use_user_token’ is not in effect then admin credentials can be specified. Use this parameter to specify the username.
Optional. Default: None
admin_password=PASSWORD
If ‘use_user_token’ is not in effect then admin credentials can be specified. Use this parameter to specify the password.
Optional. Default: None
admin_tenant_name=TENANTNAME
If ‘use_user_token’ is not in effect then admin credentials can be specified. Use this parameter to specify the tenant name.
Optional. Default: None
auth_url=URL
If ‘use_user_token’ is not in effect then admin credentials can be specified. Use this parameter to specify the Keystone endpoint.
Optional. Default: None
auth_strategy=STRATEGY
If ‘use_user_token’ is not in effect then admin credentials can be specified. Use this parameter to specify the auth strategy.
Optional. Default: keystone
auth_region=REGION
If ‘use_user_token’ is not in effect then admin credentials can be specified. Use this parameter to specify the region.
Optional. Default: None
配置Glance日志¶
There are a number of configuration options in Glance that control how Glance servers log messages.
--log-config=PATH
Optional. Default: None
Specified on the command line only.
Takes a path to a configuration file to use for configuring logging.
日志选项仅在配置文件中有效¶
You will want to place the different logging options in the [DEFAULT] section
in your application configuration file. As an example, you might do the following
for the API server, in a configuration file called etc/glance-api.conf
:
[DEFAULT]
log_file = /var/log/glance/api.log
log_file
The filepath of the file to use for logging messages from Glance’s servers. If
missing, the default is to output messages to stdout
, so if you are running
Glance servers in a daemon mode (using glance-control
) you should make
sure that the log_file
option is set appropriately.
log_dir
The filepath of the directory to use for log files. If not specified (the default)
the log_file
is used as an absolute filepath.
log_date_format
The format string for timestamps in the log output.
Defaults to %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S
. See the
logging module documentation for
more information on setting this format string.
log_use_syslog
Use syslog logging functionality.
Defaults to False.
配置Glance存储后端¶
There are a number of configuration options in Glance that control how Glance
stores disk images. These configuration options are specified in the
glance-api.conf
config file in the section [glance_store]
.
default_store=STORE
Optional. Default: file
Can only be specified in configuration files.
Sets the storage backend to use by default when storing images in Glance.
Available options for this option are (file
, swift
, s3
, rbd
, sheepdog
,
cinder
or vsphere
). In order to select a default store it must also
be listed in the stores
list described below.
stores=STORES
Optional. Default: glance.store.filesystem.Store, glance.store.http.Store
A comma separated list of enabled glance stores. Options are specified
in the format of glance.store.OPTION.Store. Some available options for this
option are (filesystem
, http
, rbd
, s3
, swift
, sheepdog
,
cinder
, gridfs
, vmware_datastore
)
配置Glance镜像大小限制¶
The following configuration option is specified in the
glance-api.conf
config file in the section [DEFAULT]
.
image_size_cap=SIZE
Optional. Default:<PHONE_NUMBER>776
(1 TB)
Maximum image size, in bytes, which can be uploaded through the Glance API server.
IMPORTANT NOTE: this value should only be increased after careful consideration and must be set to a value under 8 EB<PHONE_NUMBER>854775808).
配置Glance用户存储限额（Quota）¶
The following configuration option is specified in the
glance-api.conf
config file in the section [DEFAULT]
.
user_storage_quota
Optional. Default: 0 (Unlimited).
This value specifies the maximum amount of storage that each user can use across all storage systems. Optionally unit can be specified for the value. Values are accepted in B, KB, MB, GB or TB which are for Bytes, KiloBytes, MegaBytes, GigaBytes and TeraBytes respectively. Default unit is Bytes.
- Example values would be,
- user_storage_quota=20GB
配置文件系统存储后端¶
filesystem_store_datadir=PATH
Optional. Default: /var/lib/glance/images/
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the filesystem storage backend.
Sets the path where the filesystem storage backend write disk images. Note that
the filesystem storage backend will attempt to create this directory if it does
not exist. Ensure that the user that glance-api
runs under has write
permissions to this directory.
filesystem_store_file_perm=PERM_MODE
Optional. Default: 0
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the filesystem storage backend.
The required permission value, in octal representation, for the created image file. You can use this value to specify the user of the consuming service (such as Nova) as the only member of the group that owns the created files. To keep the default value, assign a permission value that is less than or equal to 0. Note that the file owner must maintain read permission; if this value removes that permission an error message will be logged and the BadStoreConfiguration exception will be raised. If the Glance service has insufficient privileges to change file access permissions, a file will still be saved, but a warning message will appear in the Glance log.
配置多个存储文件系统存储后端¶
filesystem_store_datadirs=PATH:PRIORITY
Optional. Default: /var/lib/glance/images/:1
Example:
filesystem_store_datadirs = /var/glance/store
filesystem_store_datadirs = /var/glance/store1:100
filesystem_store_datadirs = /var/glance/store2:200
This option can only be specified in configuration file and is specific to the filesystem storage backend only.
filesystem_store_datadirs option allows administrators to configure multiple store directories to save glance image in filesystem storage backend. Each directory can be coupled with its priority.
NOTE:
- This option can be specified multiple times to specify multiple stores.
- Either filesystem_store_datadir or filesystem_store_datadirs option must be specified in glance-api.conf
- Store with priority 200 has precedence over store with priority 100.
- If no priority is specified, default priority ‘0’ is associated with it.
- If two filesystem stores have same priority store with maximum free space will be chosen to store the image.
- If same store is specified multiple times then BadStoreConfiguration exception will be raised.
配置Swift存储后端¶
swift_store_auth_address=URL
Required when using the Swift storage backend.
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.
Sets the authentication URL supplied to Swift when making calls to its storage system. For more information about the Swift authentication system, please see the Swift auth documentation and the overview of Swift authentication.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Swift authentication addresses use HTTPS by default. This
means that if you are running Swift with authentication over HTTP, you need
to set your swift_store_auth_address
to the full URL, including the http://
.
swift_store_user=USER
Required when using the Swift storage backend.
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.
Sets the user to authenticate against the swift_store_auth_address
with.
swift_store_key=KEY
Required when using the Swift storage backend.
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.
Sets the authentication key to authenticate against the
swift_store_auth_address
with for the user swift_store_user
.
swift_store_container=CONTAINER
Optional. Default: glance
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.
Sets the name of the container to use for Glance images in Swift.
swift_store_create_container_on_put
Optional. Default: False
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.
If true, Glance will attempt to create the container swift_store_container
if it does not exist.
swift_store_large_object_size=SIZE_IN_MB
Optional. Default: 5120
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.
What size, in MB, should Glance start chunking image files and do a large object manifest in Swift? By default, this is the maximum object size in Swift, which is 5GB
swift_store_large_object_chunk_size=SIZE_IN_MB
Optional. Default: 200
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.
When doing a large object manifest, what size, in MB, should Glance write chunks to Swift? The default is 200MB.
swift_store_multi_tenant=False
Optional. Default: False
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.
If set to True enables multi-tenant storage mode which causes Glance images to be stored in tenant specific Swift accounts. When set to False Glance stores all images in a single Swift account.
swift_store_multiple_containers_seed
Optional. Default: 0
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.
When set to 0, a single-tenant store will only use one container to store all images. When set to an integer value between 1 and 32, a single-tenant store will use multiple containers to store images, and this value will determine how many characters from an image UUID are checked when determining what container to place the image in. The maximum number of containers that will be created is approximately equal to 16^N. This setting is used only when swift_store_multi_tentant is disabled.
Example: if this config option is set to 3 and swift_store_container = ‘glance’, then an image with UUID ‘fdae39a1-bac5-4238-aba4-69bcc726e848’ would be placed in the container ‘glance_fda’. All dashes in the UUID are included when creating the container name but do not count toward the character limit, so in this example with N=10 the container name would be ‘glance_fdae39a1-ba’.
When choosing the value for swift_store_multiple_containers_seed, deployers should discuss a suitable value with their swift operations team. The authors of this option recommend that large scale deployments use a value of ‘2’, which will create a maximum of ~256 containers. Choosing a higher number than this, even in extremely large scale deployments, may not have any positive impact on performance and could lead to a large number of empty, unused containers. The largest of deployments could notice an increase in performance if swift rate limits are throttling on single container. Note: If dynamic container creation is turned off, any value for this configuration option higher than ‘1’ may be unreasonable as the deployer would have to manually create each container.
swift_store_admin_tenants
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.
Optional. Default: Not set.
A list of swift ACL strings that will be applied as both read and write ACLs to the containers created by Glance in multi-tenant mode. This grants the specified tenants/users read and write access to all newly created image objects. The standard swift ACL string formats are allowed, including:
<tenant_id>:<username> <tenant_name>:<username> *:<username>
Multiple ACLs can be combined using a comma separated list, for example: swift_store_admin_tenants = service:glance,*:admin
swift_store_auth_version
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.
Optional. Default: 2
A string indicating which version of Swift OpenStack authentication to use. See the project python-swiftclient for more details.
swift_store_service_type
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.
Optional. Default: object-store
A string giving the service type of the swift service to use. This
setting is only used if swift_store_auth_version is 2
.
swift_store_region
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.
Optional. Default: Not set.
A string giving the region of the swift service endpoint to use. This
setting is only used if swift_store_auth_version is 2
. This
setting is especially useful for disambiguation if multiple swift
services might appear in a service catalog during authentication.
swift_store_endpoint_type
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.
Optional. Default: publicURL
A string giving the endpoint type of the swift service endpoint to
use. This setting is only used if swift_store_auth_version is 2
.
swift_store_ssl_compression
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.
swift_store_cacert
Can only be specified in configuration files.
Optional. Default: None
A string giving the path to a CA certificate bundle that will allow Glance’s services to perform SSL verification when communicating with Swift.
Optional. Default: True.
If set to False, disables SSL layer compression of https swift requests. Setting to ‘False’ may improve performance for images which are already in a compressed format, e.g. qcow2. If set to True then compression will be enabled (provided it is supported by the swift proxy).
swift_store_retry_get_count
The number of times a Swift download will be retried before the request
fails.
Optional. Default: 0
配置多个Swift账号和存储¶
In order to not store Swift account credentials in the database, and to have support for multiple accounts (or multiple Swift backing stores), a reference is stored in the database and the corresponding configuration (credentials/ parameters) details are stored in the configuration file. Optional. Default: not enabled.
The location for this file is specified using the swift_store_config_file
config file
in the section [DEFAULT]
. If an incorrect value is specified, Glance API Swift store
service will not be configured.
* swift_store_config_file=PATH
This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.
default_swift_reference=DEFAULT_REFERENCE
Required when multiple Swift accounts/backing stores are configured.
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.
It is the default swift reference that is used to add any new images.
* swift_store_auth_insecure
If True, bypass SSL certificate verification for Swift.
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.
Optional. Default: False
配置S3存储后端¶
s3_store_host=URL
Required when using the S3 storage backend.
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the S3 storage backend.
Default: s3.amazonaws.com
Sets the main service URL supplied to S3 when making calls to its storage system. For more information about the S3 authentication system, please see the S3 documentation
s3_store_access_key=ACCESS_KEY
Required when using the S3 storage backend.
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the S3 storage backend.
Sets the access key to authenticate against the s3_store_host
with.
You should set this to your 20-character Amazon AWS access key.
s3_store_secret_key=SECRET_KEY
Required when using the S3 storage backend.
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the S3 storage backend.
Sets the secret key to authenticate against the
s3_store_host
with for the access key s3_store_access_key
.
You should set this to your 40-character Amazon AWS secret key.
s3_store_bucket=BUCKET
Required when using the S3 storage backend.
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the S3 storage backend.
Sets the name of the bucket to use for Glance images in S3.
Note that the namespace for S3 buckets is global, therefore you must use a name for the bucket that is unique. It is recommended that you use a combination of your AWS access key, lowercased with “glance”.
For instance if your Amazon AWS access key is:
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST
then make your bucket value be:
abcdefghijklmnopqrstglance
s3_store_create_bucket_on_put
Optional. Default: False
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the S3 storage backend.
If true, Glance will attempt to create the bucket s3_store_bucket
if it does not exist.
s3_store_object_buffer_dir=PATH
Optional. Default: the platform's default temporary directory
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the S3 storage backend.
When sending images to S3, what directory should be used to buffer the chunks? By default the platform’s temporary directory will be used.
s3_store_large_object_size=SIZE_IN_MB
Optional. Default: 100
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the S3 storage backend.
Size, in MB
, should S3 start chunking image files
and do a multipart upload in S3.
s3_store_large_object_chunk_size=SIZE_IN_MB
Optional. Default: 10
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the S3 storage backend.
Multipart upload part size, in MB
, should S3 use
when uploading parts. The size must be greater than or
equal to 5MB. The default is 10MB.
s3_store_thread_pools=NUM
Optional. Default: 10
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the S3 storage backend.
The number of thread pools to perform a multipart upload in S3. The default is 10.
配置RBD存储后端¶
Note: the RBD storage backend requires the python bindings for librados and librbd. These are in the python-ceph package on Debian-based distributions.
rbd_store_pool=POOL
Optional. Default: rbd
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the RBD storage backend.
Sets the RADOS pool in which images are stored.
rbd_store_chunk_size=CHUNK_SIZE_MB
Optional. Default: 4
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the RBD storage backend.
Images will be chunked into objects of this size (in megabytes). For best performance, this should be a power of two.
rbd_store_ceph_conf=PATH
Optional. Default: /etc/ceph/ceph.conf
, ~/.ceph/config
, and ./ceph.conf
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the RBD storage backend.
Sets the Ceph configuration file to use.
rbd_store_user=NAME
Optional. Default: admin
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the RBD storage backend.
Sets the RADOS user to authenticate as. This is only needed when RADOS authentication is enabled.
A keyring must be set for this user in the Ceph
configuration file, e.g. with a user glance
:
[client.glance]
keyring=/etc/glance/rbd.keyring
To set up a user named glance
with minimal permissions, using a pool called
images
, run:
rados mkpool images
ceph-authtool --create-keyring /etc/glance/rbd.keyring
ceph-authtool --gen-key --name client.glance --cap mon 'allow r' --cap osd 'allow rwx pool=images' /etc/glance/rbd.keyring
ceph auth add client.glance -i /etc/glance/rbd.keyring
配置Sheepdog存储后端¶
sheepdog_store_address=ADDR
Optional. Default: localhost
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Sheepdog storage backend.
Sets the IP address of the sheep daemon
sheepdog_store_port=PORT
Optional. Default: 7000
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Sheepdog storage backend.
Sets the IP port of the sheep daemon
sheepdog_store_chunk_size=SIZE_IN_MB
Optional. Default: 64
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Sheepdog storage backend.
Images will be chunked into objects of this size (in megabytes). For best performance, this should be a power of two.
配置Cinder存储后端¶
Note: Currently Cinder store is a partial implementation. After Cinder expose ‘brick’ library, and ‘Readonly-volume-attaching’, ‘volume-multiple-attaching’ enhancement ready, the store will support ‘Upload’ and ‘Download’ interface finally.
cinder_catalog_info=<service_type>:<service_name>:<endpoint_type>
Optional. Default: volume:cinder:publicURL
Can only be specified in configuration files.
This option is specific to the Cinder storage backend.
Sets the info to match when looking for cinder in the service catalog. Format is : separated values of the form: <service_type>:<service_name>:<endpoint_type>
cinder_endpoint_template=http://ADDR:PORT/VERSION/%(project_id)s
Optional. Default: None
Can only be specified in configuration files.
Override service catalog lookup with template for cinder endpoint. e.g. http://localhost:8776/v1/%(project_id)s
os_region_name=REGION_NAME
Optional. Default: None
Can only be specified in configuration files.
Region name of this node.
cinder_ca_certificates_file=CA_FILE_PATH
Optional. Default: None
Can only be specified in configuration files.
Location of ca certicates file to use for cinder client requests.
cinder_http_retries=TIMES
Optional. Default: 3
Can only be specified in configuration files.
Number of cinderclient retries on failed http calls.
cinder_api_insecure=ON_OFF
Optional. Default: False
Can only be specified in configuration files.
Allow to perform insecure SSL requests to cinder.
配置VMWare存储后端¶
vmware_server_host=ADDRESS
Required when using the VMware storage backend.
Can only be specified in configuration files.
Sets the address of the ESX/ESXi or vCenter Server target system.
The address can contain an IP (<IP_ADDRESS>
), an IP and port
(<IP_ADDRESS>:443
), a DNS name (www.my-domain.com
) or DNS and port.
This option is specific to the VMware storage backend.
vmware_server_username=USERNAME
Required when using the VMware storage backend.
Can only be specified in configuration files.
Username for authenticating with VMware ESX/ESXi or vCenter Server.
vmware_server_password=PASSWORD
Required when using the VMware storage backend.
Can only be specified in configuration files.
Password for authenticating with VMware ESX/ESXi or vCenter Server.
vmware_datacenter_path=DC_PATH
Optional. Default: ha-datacenter
Can only be specified in configuration files.
Inventory path to a datacenter. If the vmware_server_host
specified
is an ESX/ESXi, the vmware_datacenter_path
is optional. If specified,
it should be ha-datacenter
.
vmware_datastore_name=DS_NAME
Required when using the VMware storage backend.
Can only be specified in configuration files.
Datastore name associated with the vmware_datacenter_path
vmware_datastores
Optional. Default: Not set.
This option can only be specified in configuration file and is specific to the VMware storage backend.
vmware_datastores allows administrators to configure multiple datastores to save glance image in the VMware store backend. The required format for the option is: <datacenter_path>:<datastore_name>:<optional_weight>.
where datacenter_path is the inventory path to the datacenter where the datastore is located. An optional weight can be given to specify the priority.
Example:
vmware_datastores = datacenter1:datastore1
vmware_datastores = dc_folder/datacenter2:datastore2:100
vmware_datastores = datacenter1:datastore3:200
NOTE:
- This option can be specified multiple times to specify multiple datastores.
- Either vmware_datastore_name or vmware_datastores option must be specified in glance-api.conf
- Datastore with weight 200 has precedence over datastore with weight 100.
- If no weight is specified, default weight ‘0’ is associated with it.
- If two datastores have same weight, the datastore with maximum free space will be chosen to store the image.
- If the datacenter path or datastore name contains a colon (:) symbol, it must be escaped with a backslash.
vmware_api_retry_count=TIMES
Optional. Default: 10
Can only be specified in configuration files.
The number of times VMware ESX/VC server API must be retried upon connection related issues.
vmware_task_poll_interval=SECONDS
Optional. Default: 5
Can only be specified in configuration files.
The interval used for polling remote tasks invoked on VMware ESX/VC server.
vmware_store_image_dir
Optional. Default: /openstack_glance
Can only be specified in configuration files.
The path to access the folder where the images will be stored in the datastore.
vmware_api_insecure=ON_OFF
Optional. Default: False
Can only be specified in configuration files.
Allow to perform insecure SSL requests to ESX/VC server.
配置存储Endpoint¶
swift_store_endpoint=URL
Optional. Default: None
Can only be specified in configuration files.
Overrides the storage URL returned by auth. The URL should include the
path up to and excluding the container. The location of an object is
obtained by appending the container and object to the configured URL.
e.g. https://www.my-domain.com/v1/path_up_to_container
配置镜像缓存¶
Glance API servers can be configured to have a local image cache. Caching of image files is transparent and happens using a piece of middleware that can optionally be placed in the server application pipeline.
This pipeline is configured in the PasteDeploy configuration file, <component>-paste.ini. You should not generally have to edit this file directly, as it ships with ready-made pipelines for all common deployment flavors.
启用镜像缓存中间件¶
To enable the image cache middleware, the cache middleware must occur in the application pipeline after the appropriate context middleware.
The cache middleware should be in your glance-api-paste.ini
in a section
titled [filter:cache]
. It should look like this:
[filter:cache]
paste.filter_factory = glance.api.middleware.cache:CacheFilter.factory
A ready-made application pipeline including this filter is defined in
the glance-api-paste.ini
file, looking like so:
[pipeline:glance-api-caching]
pipeline = versionnegotiation context cache apiv1app
To enable the above application pipeline, in your main glance-api.conf
configuration file, select the appropriate deployment flavor like so:
[paste_deploy]
flavor = caching
启用镜像缓存管理中间件¶
There is an optional cachemanage
middleware that allows you to
directly interact with cache images. Use this flavor in place of the
cache
flavor in your api config file.
[paste_deploy] flavor = cachemanage
配置梗镜像缓存相关的选项¶
Note
These configuration options must be set in both the glance-cache and glance-api configuration files.
One main configuration file option affects the image cache.
image_cache_dir=PATH
Required when image cache middleware is enabled.
Default: /var/lib/glance/image-cache
This is the base directory the image cache can write files to.
Make sure the directory is writeable by the user running the
glance-api
server
image_cache_driver=DRIVER
Optional. Choice of sqlite
or xattr
Default: sqlite
The default sqlite
cache driver has no special dependencies, other
than the python-sqlite3
library, which is installed on virtually
all operating systems with modern versions of Python. It stores
information about the cached files in a SQLite database.
The xattr
cache driver required the python-xattr>=0.6.0
library
and requires that the filesystem containing image_cache_dir
have
access times tracked for all files (in other words, the noatime option
CANNOT be set for that filesystem). In addition, user_xattr
must be
set on the filesystem’s description line in fstab. Because of these
requirements, the xattr
cache driver is not available on Windows.
image_cache_sqlite_db=DB_FILE
Optional.
Default: cache.db
When using the sqlite
cache driver, you can set the name of the database
that will be used to store the cached images information. The database
is always contained in the image_cache_dir
.
image_cache_max_size=SIZE
Optional.
Default:<PHONE_NUMBER>0
(10 GB)
Size, in bytes, that the image cache should be constrained to. Images files
are cached automatically in the local image cache, even if the writing of that
image file would put the total cache size over this size. The
glance-cache-pruner
executable is what prunes the image cache to be equal
to or less than this value. The glance-cache-pruner
executable is designed
to be run via cron on a regular basis. See more about this executable in
Controlling the Growth of the Image Cache
配置Glance Registry¶
There are a number of configuration options in Glance that control how
this registry server operates. These configuration options are specified in the
glance-registry.conf
config file in the section [DEFAULT]
.
IMPORTANT NOTE: The glance-registry service is only used in conjunction with the glance-api service when clients are using the v1 REST API. See `Configuring Glance APIs`_ for more info.
sql_connection=CONNECTION_STRING
(--sql-connection
when specified on command line)
Optional. Default: None
Can be specified in configuration files. Can also be specified on the
command-line for the glance-manage
program.
Sets the SQLAlchemy connection string to use when connecting to the registry database. Please see the documentation for SQLAlchemy connection strings online. You must urlencode any special characters in CONNECTION_STRING.
sql_timeout=SECONDS
on command line)
Optional. Default: 3600
Can only be specified in configuration files.
Sets the number of seconds after which SQLAlchemy should reconnect to the datastore if no activity has been made on the connection.
enable_v1_registry=<True|False>
Optional. Default: True
enable_v2_registry=<True|False>
Optional. Default: True
Defines which version(s) of the Registry API will be enabled.
If the Glance API server parameter enable_v1_api
has been set to True
the
enable_v1_registry
has to be True
as well.
If the Glance API server parameter enable_v2_api
has been set to True
and
the parameter data_api
has been set to glance.db.registry.api
the
enable_v2_registry
has to be set to True
配置通知¶
Glance can optionally generate notifications to be logged or sent to
a message queue. The configuration options are specified in the
glance-api.conf
config file in the section [DEFAULT]
.
notification_driver
Optional. Default: noop
Sets the notification driver used by oslo.messaging. Options include
messaging
, messagingv2
, log
and routing
.
For more information see Glance notifications and oslo.messaging.
disabled_notifications
Optional. Default: []
List of disabled notifications. A notification can be given either as a notification type to disable a single event, or as a notification group prefix to disable all events within a group.
Example: if this config option is set to [“image.create”, “metadef_namespace”], then “image.create” notification will not be sent after image is created and none of the notifications for metadefinition namespaces will be sent.
配置Glance属性保护¶
Access to image meta properties may be configured using a
Property Protections Configuration file. The
location for this file can be specified in the glance-api.conf
config file
in the section [DEFAULT]
. If an incorrect value is specified, glance api
service will not start.
property_protection_file=PATH
Optional. Default: not enabled.
If property_protection_file is set, the file may use either roles or policies to specify property protections.
property_protection_rule_format=<roles|policies>
Optional. Default: roles
.
配置Glance API¶
The glance-api service implements versions 1 and 2 of the OpenStack Images API. Disable either version of the Images API using the following options:
enable_v1_api=<True|False>
Optional. Default: True
enable_v2_api=<True|False>
Optional. Default: True
IMPORTANT NOTE: The v1 API is implemented on top of the glance-registry service while the v2 API is not. This means that in order to use the v2 API, you must copy the necessary sql configuration from your glance-registry service to your glance-api configuration file.
配置Glance任务¶
Glance Tasks are implemented only for version 2 of the OpenStack Images API.
The config value task_time_to_live
is used to determine how long a task
would be visible to the user after transitioning to either the success
or
the failure
state.
task_time_to_live=<Time_in_hours>
Optional. Default: 48
The config value task_executor
is used to determine which executor
should be used by the Glance service to process the task. The currently
available implementation is: taskflow
.
task_executor=<executor_type>
Optional. Default: taskflow
The taskflow
engine has its own set of configuration options,
under the taskflow_executor
section, that can be tuned to improve
the task execution process. Among the available options, you may find
engine_mode
and max_workers
. The former allows for selecting
an execution model and the available options are serial
,
parallel
and worker-based
. The max_workers
option,
instead, allows for controlling the number of workers that will be
instantiated per executor instance.
The default value for the engine_mode
is parallel
, whereas
the default number of max_workers
is 10
.
配置Glance性能调优¶
Glance supports using osprofiler to trace the performance of each key internal handling, including RESTful API calling, DB operation and etc.
Please be aware that Glance performance profiling is currently a work in
progress feature.
Although, some trace points is available, e.g. API
execution profiling at wsgi main entry and SQL execution profiling at DB
module, the more fine-grained trace point is being worked on.
The config value enabled
is used to determine whether fully enable
profiling feature for glance-api and glance-registry service.
enabled=<True|False>
Optional. Default: True
The config value trace_sqlalchemy
is used to determine whether fully enable
sqlalchemy engine based SQL execution profiling feature for glance-api and
glance-registry services.
trace_sqlalchemy=<True|False>
Optional. Default: True
IMPORTANT NOTE: The HMAC key which is used for encrypting context data for performance profiling is configured in paste config file of glance-api and glance-registry service separately, by default they place at /etc/glance/api-paste.ini and /etc/glance/registry-paste.ini files, in order to make profiling work as designed operator needs to make those values of HMAC key be consistent for all services in your deployment. Without HMAC key the profiling will not be triggered even profiling feature is enabled.
配置Glance公共Endpoint¶
This setting allows an operator to configure the endpoint URL that will
appear in the Glance “versions” response (that is, the response to
GET /
). This can be necessary when the Glance API service is run
behind a proxy because the default endpoint displayed in the versions
response is that of the host actually running the API service. If
Glance is being run behind a load balancer, for example, direct access
to individual hosts running the Glance API may not be allowed, hence the
load balancer URL would be used for this value.
public_endpoint=<None|URL>
Optional. Default: None
配置Glance消化（Digest）算法¶
Digest algorithm which will be used for digital signature; the default is sha1 for a smooth upgrade process but the recommended value is sha256. Use the command:
openssl list-message-digest-algorithms
to get the available algorithms supported by the version of OpenSSL on the platform. Examples are “sha1”, “sha256”, “sha512”, etc. If an invalid digest algorithm is configured, all digital signature operations will fail and return a ValueError exception with “No such digest method” error.
digest_algorithm=<algorithm>
Optional. Default: sha1
配置http_keepalive选项¶
http_keepalive=<True|False>
If False, server will return the header “Connection: close”, If True, server will return “Connection: Keep-Alive” in its responses. In order to close the client socket connection explicitly after the response is sent and read successfully by the client, you simply have to set this option to False when you create a wsgi server.


{{ df['filename'] }} Last Modified on {{ df['created'].strftime('%Y-%m-%d') }} Set Coordinates DELETE


Class
BlastMatchFieldA "meta" datastructure that contains information about members of BlastMatches
A "meta" datastructure that contains information about members of BlastMatches
| Defined in | seqan/blast.h |
|---|---|
| Signature |
template <typename TVoidSpec = void> struct BlastMatchField;
|
Template Parameters
TVoidSpec |
An extra spec to prevent global inclusion of statics members (you can safely ignore this) |
|---|
Member Variable Overview
-
static_constexpr_const_std::array<char_const*,47> BlastMatchField::columnLabels[]
An array of CStrings representing the column label of each possible field; for the legacyFormat, use legacyColumnLabels instead. -
static_constexpr_std::array<Enum_const,12> BlastMatchField::defaults
An std::array of BlastMatchField::Enum indicating the fields that are default -
static_constexpr_const_std::array<char_const*,47> BlastMatchField::descriptions[]
An array of CStrings representing the human-readable descriptions of each field -
static_constexpr_const_std::array<bool,47> BlastMatchField::implemented[]
An array of bools revealing whether the Blast I/O module supports printing this field -
static_constexpr_char_const_*_const BlastMatchField::legacyColumnLabels
A single CString representing the column labels of the legacyFormat. -
static_constexpr_const_std::array<char_const*,47> BlastMatchField::optionLabels[]
An array of CStrings representing the command line parameter name of each field
Detailed Description
This data structure conveniently gives access to all possible fields used in BLAST-compatabile tabular output formats. BlastMatchField::Enum is needed to specify a custom field composition for a BlastIOContext.
The member variables offer the correct labels for the tabular formats' I/O and strings to interact with the user on the command line.
Please note that for the legacyFormat (legacyFormat) specifying or reading custom fields is not supported and the columnsLabels will always be printed as legacyColumnLabels.
Table overview
| # | Enum | optionLabels | columnLabels | descriptions | implemented |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | STD | std | query id, subject id, % identity, alignment length, mismatches, gap opens, q. start, q. end, s. start, s. end, evalue, bit score | Default 12 columns (Query Seq-id, Subject Seq-id, Percentage of identical matches, Alignment length, Number of mismatches, Number of gap openings, Start of alignment in query, End of alignment in query, Start of alignment in subject, End of alignment in subject, Expect value, Bit score) | ☑ |
| 1 | Q_SEQ_ID | qseqid | query id | Query Seq-id | ☑ |
| 2 | Q_GI | qgi | query gi | Query GI | ☐ |
| 3 | Q_ACC | qacc | query acc. | Query accesion | ☑ |
| 4 | Q_ACCVER | qaccver | query acc.ver | Query accesion.version | ☐ |
| 5 | Q_LEN | qlen | query length | Query sequence length | ☑ |
| 6 | S_SEQ_ID | sseqid | subject id | Subject Seq-id | ☑ |
| 7 | S_ALL_SEQ_ID | sallseqid | subject ids | All subject Seq-id(s), separated by a ';' | ☐ |
| 8 | S_GI | sgi | subject gi | Subject GI | ☐ |
| 9 | S_ALL_GI | sallgi | subject gis | All subject GIs | ☐ |
| 10 | S_ACC | sacc | subject acc. | Subject accession | ☑ |
| 11 | S_ACCVER | saccver | subject acc.ver | Subject accession.version | ☐ |
| 12 | S_ALLACC | sallacc | subject accs. | All subject accessions | ☑ |
| 13 | S_LEN | slen | subject length | Subject sequence length | ☑ |
| 14 | Q_START | qstart | q. start | Start of alignment in query | ☑ |
| 15 | Q_END | qend | q. end | End of alignment in query | ☑ |
| 16 | S_START | sstart | s. start | Start of alignment in subject | ☑ |
| 17 | S_END | send | s. end | End of alignment in subject | ☑ |
| 18 | Q_SEQ | qseq | query seq | Aligned part of query sequence | ☐ |
| 19 | S_SEQ | sseq | subject seq | Aligned part of subject sequence | ☐ |
| 20 | E_VALUE | evalue | evalue | Expect value | ☑ |
| 21 | BIT_SCORE | bitscore | bit score | Bit score | ☑ |
| 22 | SCORE | score | score | Raw score | ☑ |
| 23 | LENGTH | length | alignment length | Alignment length | ☑ |
| 24 | P_IDENT | pident | % identity | Percentage of identical matches | ☑ |
| 25 | N_IDENT | nident | identical | Number of identical matches | ☑ |
| 26 | MISMATCH | mismatch | mismatches | Number of mismatches | ☑ |
| 27 | POSITIVE | positive | positives | Number of positive-scoring matches | ☑ |
| 28 | GAP_OPEN | gapopen | gap opens | Number of gap openings | ☑ |
| 29 | GAPS | gaps | gaps | Total number of gaps | ☑ |
| 30 | P_POS | ppos | % positives | Percentage of positive-scoring matches | ☑ |
| 31 | FRAMES | frames | query/sbjct frames | Query and subject frames separated by a '/' | ☑ |
| 32 | Q_FRAME | qframe | query frame | Query frame | ☑ |
| 33 | S_FRAME | sframe | sbjct frame | Subject frame | ☑ |
| 34 | BTOP | btop | BTOP | Blast traceback operations (BTOP) | ☐ |
| 35 | S_TAX_IDS | staxids | subject tax ids | unique Subject Taxonomy ID(s), separated by a ';' (in numerical order) | ☑ |
| 36 | S_SCI_NAMES | sscinames | subject sci names | unique Subject Scientific Name(s), separated by a ';' | ☐ |
| 37 | S_COM_NAMES | scomnames | subject com names | unique Subject Common Name(s), separated by a ';' | ☐ |
| 38 | S_BLAST_NAMES | sblastnames | subject blast names | unique Subject Blast Name(s), separated by a ';' (in alphabetical order) | ☐ |
| 39 | S_S_KINGDOMS | sskingdoms | subject super kingdoms | unique Subject Super Kingdom(s), separated by a ';' (in alphabetical order) | ☐ |
| 40 | S_TITLE | stitle | subject title | Subject Title | ☐ |
| 41 | S_ALL_TITLES | salltitles | subject titles | All Subject Title(s), separated by a '<>' | ☐ |
| 42 | S_STRAND | sstrand | subject strand | Subject Strand | ☐ |
| 43 | Q_COV_S | qcovs | % subject coverage | Query Coverage Per Subject | ☐ |
| 45 | Q_COV_HSP | qcovhsp | % hsp coverage | Query Coverage Per HSP | ☐ |
| 46 | LCA_ID | lcaid | lca id | String ID (e.g. scientific name) of the lowest common ancestor of all matches of a query | ☑ |
| 47 | LCA_TAX_ID | lcataxid | lca tax id | Numeric Taxonomy ID of the lowest common ancestor of all matches of a query | ☑ |
LCA_IC and LCA_TAX_ID are non available in NCBI Blast.
Member Variables Detail
static_constexpr_const_std::array<char_const*,47> BlastMatchField::columnLabels[]
An array of CStrings representing the column label of each possible field; for the
legacyFormat, use legacyColumnLabels instead.
static_constexpr_std::array<Enum_const,12> BlastMatchField::defaults
An std::array of BlastMatchField::Enum indicating the fields that are default
static constexpr std::array<Enum const, 12> defaults
{
{
Enum::Q_SEQ_ID,
Enum::S_SEQ_ID,
Enum::P_IDENT,
Enum::LENGTH,
Enum::MISMATCH,
Enum::GAP_OPEN,
Enum::Q_START,
Enum::Q_END,
Enum::S_START,
Enum::S_END,
Enum::E_VALUE,
Enum::BIT_SCORE
}
};
static_constexpr_const_std::array<char_const*,47> BlastMatchField::descriptions[]
An array of CStrings representing the human-readable descriptions of each field
static_constexpr_const_std::array<bool,47> BlastMatchField::implemented[]
An array of bools revealing whether the Blast I/O module supports printing this field
static_constexpr_char_const_*_const BlastMatchField::legacyColumnLabels
A single CString representing the column labels of the legacyFormat.
static_constexpr_const_std::array<char_const*,47> BlastMatchField::optionLabels[]
An array of CStrings representing the command line parameter name of each field


The Target Fugue State
Someone I know once referred to the state reached by shopping at Target as the “Target Fugue State.” You go in there to buy a dishpan. While in the dishpan row, you realize you needed some measuring cups. The endcap reminds you that you needed some dish towels, which brings to mind the fact that you needed some bath towels for your guest bathroom. By the time you’ve left the store you’ve got 20 items, which you ended up grabbing because Target spends tons of time and money figuring out how to lay out their stores to create *exactly* this effect.
One of the things about browsing through information on the internet is that really, all you can do is search. There are hyperlinks here and there but they have no context.  Companies like Yahoo! have tried to impose some structure, but it’s clumsy and incomplete because it’s created by humans who look for things and then categorize them appropriately. From any information bit you can’t really poke up your head and look around and figure out what is “near” you in the information space.
As a result, when we move about on the internet mostly we use search to find reasonable possibilities, and filter with our brains to narrow the results and find the thing we were looking for. The tools available out there don’t help much with true “browsing” in any meaningful way.
If we find ways to impose graph database philosophy on the internet, it would be possible to feel like there were “neighborhoods” in which sites or pages (or other data) lived, and then look around to see what other things were nearby. If a commercial site could actually create a Target Fugue state on the internet, it would make for an enormous improvement in the user experience.
Amazon is currently the site that does the best job trying to emulate this, with “people who bought this also bought” and “based on your purchases I think you want” but it still feels forced. When I go into a bookstore, I love to wander up and down the aisles and just look at what attracts my eye. Although Amazon has ‘browse’ as a choice I don’t really feel like I’m browsing. I feel like I’m narrowing my search, and it doesn’t at all have the same feel as wandering around in a bookstore feeling my way through the stock.
I don’t have any answers to this, but I’m hoping that building applications on top of a graphical database such as Freebase will make it easier to create that state. It’s a hard problem, but that’s the kind I like best.
GEEK STUFF


The base class from which all management commands ultimately
derive.
Use this class if you want access to all of the mechanisms which
parse the command-line arguments and work out what code to call in
response; if you don't need to change any of that behavior,
consider using one of the subclasses defined in this file.
If you are interested in overriding/customizing various aspects of
the command-parsing and -execution behavior, the normal flow works
as follows:
1. ``django-admin.py`` or ``manage.py`` loads the command class
and calls its ``run_from_argv()`` method.
2. The ``run_from_argv()`` method calls ``create_parser()`` to get
an ``OptionParser`` for the arguments, parses them, performs
any environment changes requested by options like
``pythonpath``, and then calls the ``execute()`` method,
passing the parsed arguments.
3. The ``execute()`` method attempts to carry out the command by
calling the ``handle()`` method with the parsed arguments; any
output produced by ``handle()`` will be printed to standard
output and, if the command is intended to produce a block of
SQL statements, will be wrapped in ``BEGIN`` and ``COMMIT``.
4. If ``handle()`` raised a ``CommandError``, ``execute()`` will
instead print an error message to ``stderr``.
Thus, the ``handle()`` method is typically the starting point for
subclasses; many built-in commands and command types either place
all of their logic in ``handle()``, or perform some additional
parsing work in ``handle()`` and then delegate from it to more
specialized methods as needed.
Several attributes affect behavior at various steps along the way:
``args``
A string listing the arguments accepted by the command,
suitable for use in help messages; e.g., a command which takes
a list of application names might set this to '<appname
appname ...>'.
``can_import_settings``
A boolean indicating whether the command needs to be able to
import Django settings; if ``True``, ``execute()`` will verify
that this is possible before proceeding. Default value is
``True``.
``help``
A short description of the command, which will be printed in
help messages.
``option_list``
This is the list of ``optparse`` options which will be fed
into the command's ``OptionParser`` for parsing arguments.
``output_transaction``
A boolean indicating whether the command outputs SQL
statements; if ``True``, the output will automatically be
wrapped with ``BEGIN;`` and ``COMMIT;``. Default value is
``False``.
``requires_model_validation``
A boolean; if ``True``, validation of installed models will be
performed prior to executing the command. Default value is
``True``. To validate an individual application's models
rather than all applications' models, call
``self.validate(app)`` from ``handle()``, where ``app`` is the
application's Python module.


To view structure of ubiquitin
The Nobel Prize for Chemistry this year was awarded to three scientists who carried out pioneering research on ubiquitin, a eukaryotic protein that is so widespread from yeast to man that it gained its name as a derivation of the word “ubiquitous”. Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko from the Israel Institute of Technology, and Irwin Rose from the University of California, pioneered research that unravelled the part ubiquitin plays in the degradation of proteins. Ubiquitin is now known to be involved in several other cellular processes as well, including quality control of nascent proteins, membrane trafficking, cell signalling, cell cycle control, X chromosome inactivation and the maintenance of chromosome structure, to name but a few. How can a tiny, 76-amino acid protein have so many varied roles? Ubiquitin (UB) acts through its attachment to other proteins (ubiquitinylation), and these protein modifications can alter the function or location of the protein, or target it for destruction. The C-terminus of UB extends as a 4-residue tail (Leu-Arg-Gly-Gly), where the terminal glycine residue can form an isopeptide bond with the amino group of a lysine side chain in a target protein. Alternatively, it can make an isopeptide bond with a lysine in another copy of UB to form a UB chain that ultimately attaches itself to a target protein. In general, the number and placement of UB molecules added to a protein helps to determine its future: a single copy of UB acts to modify a protein’s function, while multiple copies of UB will either modify a protein’s function or target it for degradation by the 26S proteasome, depending upon the position of the UB subunits.
Cunningly, several pathogenic bacteria have developed the ability to tap into eukaryotic UB-mediated processes to manipulate their hosts. In particular, the host immune response can be suppressed through the inhibition of the NFkB signalling system. The transcription factor NFkB is responsible for activating genes involved in the immune response, but is inhibited by its association with the inhibitor IkB. The immune response is triggered by the ubiquitinylation of IkB to target it for degradation, which releases NFkB so it can enter the nucleus and transcribe genes required to mount an immune reaction. Certain bacteria are able to interfere with this system by either preventing the ubiquitinylation of IkB (as is found with non-pathogenic enteric bacteria that form part of the intestinal microflora), or by cleaving ubiquitin from IkB (as with the ubiquitin-like cysteine proteases found in several animal and plant pathogens) – either way, IkB evades degradation and suppresses the immune response by inhibiting NFkB.


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Football: Chelsea fightback salvages 4-4 draw against nine-man Ajax
LONDON: Frank Lampard believes his Chelsea side are going places after summoning the spirit to fight back from 4-1 down to salvage a 4-4 draw against nine-man Ajax on what he described as a "mad" night at Stamford Bridge.
The Blues seemed destined for a defeat as first half own goals from Tammy Abraham and Kepa Arrizabalaga added to Quincy Promes' header and predatory finish from Donny Van der Beek handed the Dutch champions a 4-1 lead.
However, after Cesar Azpilicueta brought Chelsea back into the game at 4-2, the visitors were reduced to nine men by second yellow cards for Daley Blind and Joel Veltman in the move that led to the hosts being awarded their second penalty of the night.
Jorginho scored his second spot-kick before Reece James levelled and only VAR denied Chelsea a famous victory when Azpilicueta's strike was ruled out for a handball by Abraham.
"I had some mad nights over the years and some great nights, but it's certainly right up there," said Lampard, who won the Champions League with Chelsea in a glorious 13-year playing career.
"The spirit we showed and the character is something that I loved and I think our fans loved. We need to tighten up for sure, but with that sprit we can go places."
Both sides are now locked on seven points at top of Group H with Valencia, who were 4-1 winners over Lille, and host Chelsea next on Nov 27.
"I always felt this group could be quite tight. We are in it but we certainly have a lot of work to do," added Lampard.
The former England international hailed his side's 1-0 victory in Amsterdam two weeks ago as the best of his Chelsea tenure to date for the way they added a defensive resolve to their attacking verve.
CHELSEA DEFENSIVE LAPSES
Two weeks on, they were easily undone from crosses as Ajax went in front inside two minutes when Promes' free-kick flicked off Abraham and into his own net.
Chelsea responded immediately as Christian Pulisic's promising form of recent weeks continued with a powerful run into the box before he was brought down by Veltman and Jorginho coolly slotted home the resulting spot-kick.
Just as Chelsea were beginning to wrestle control, Ajax retook the lead with a wicked cross from Hakim Ziyech picking out Promes to head home.
Ziyech was the creator once more 10 minutes before half-time when his sensational free-kick from near the right touchline came back off the post and rebounded in off goalkeeper Arrizabalaga's face.
Any hope of a comeback appeared to have gone 10 minutes into the second half when Van de Beek, who scored a number of vital goals on Ajax's run to the last four last season, rifled home another Ziyech assist.
But Azpilicueta sparked the fightback by prodding in at the back post after Abraham had flicked Pulisic's low cross goalwards.
Then a minute of madness turned the game on its as Ajax had Blind and Veltman sent-off and conceded a second penalty.
Blind was shown a second yellow card for bringing down Abraham and, as the advantage was played, Veltman handled Callum Hudson-Odoi's shot inside his own box and was also booked for the second time.
"We are controlling the game then in one moment everything changed," said Ajax manager Erik ten Hag, who felt Blind had been fouled before diving in on Abraham.
"From our performance we deserved to win tonight with 11 and also with 9.
"We are still top of this pool and it is still in our hands. When we perform like this we can justify that I am positive."
Jorginho calmly sent Andre Onana the wrong way from the spot to make it 3-4.
Three minutes later, Chelsea were level when James smashed home after Kurt Zouma's header came off the bar.
After VAR ruled out Azpilicueta's second goal, Hudson-Odoi fired inches wide and Onana made a brilliant save to deny Michy Batshuayi a winner in a frantic finale, but Ajax held out for what in the end was a welcome point.
UEFA Champions League results:
Napoli (ITA) 1 Salzburg (AUT) 1
Liverpool (ENG) 2 Genk (BEL) 1
Barcelona (ESP) 0 Slavia Prague (CZE) 0
Borussia Dortmund (GER) 3 Inter Milan (ITA) 2
Zenit St Petersburg (RUS) 0 RB Leipzig (GER) 2
Lyon (FRA) 3 Benfica (POR) 1
Chelsea (ENG) 4 Ajax (NED) 4
Valencia (ESP) 4 Lille (FRA) 1


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Configuring BlogCFC
The Blog INI File
In the previous section, I described editing the Blog INI file (org/camden/blog/blog.ini.cfm) to set the DSN. There are other settings you should edit as well. You do not have to edit this by hand. There is an administrator tool for editing this file. Here is a typical set of entries:
dsn=blogdev username= password=<EMAIL_ADDRESS>blogURL=http://www.coldfusionjedi.com/index.cfm blogTitle=BlogDev blogDescription=The Dev Blog blogDBType=MSSQL locale=en_US users=admin commentsFrom= failTo= mailserver= mailusername= mailpassword= pingurls= offset=-1 blogkeywords= ipblocklist= maxentries=10 usecaptcha=1 usecfp=1 allowgravatars=1 moderate=1 filebrowse=1 settings=1 imageroot= itunesSubtitle= itunesSummary= itunesKeywords= itunesAuthor= itunesImage= itunesExplicit= installed=0
The section name, [default], refers to the name of the blog. If you have only one blog, leave this as default. If you have more than one blog on a server, you will want to copy the [Default] section and give it a new name, like [Other Blog]. You will then want to edit the Application.cfm file in the client folder and modify these lines:
<!---Edit this line if you are not using a default blog ---> <cfset blogname = "Default">
INI Settings and Descriptions
dsn
|
Specifies the datasource for your blog. BlogCFC supports multiple blogs in one DSN. |
username
,
password
|
If your datasource requires a username and password, supply it in the
username
and
password
keys.
|
owneremail
|
Should be your email address. This is used when comments are posted to your blog. |
blogURL
|
Should point to the URL of your blog. BlogURL MUST include the index.cfm file at the end. So if your blog is located at blog.org, do not simply use: http://www.blog.org. Instead, use the full URL: http://www.blog.org/index.cfm. |
blogTitle
,
blogDescription
|
Used in the RSS feed and in the main layout's top title bar. |
blogDBType
|
Should either be MSSQL (for SQL Server), MYSQL (for MySQL), ORACLE (for Oracle), or MSACCESS (for Access). |
locale
|
This is the locale setting for your blog. This is not a standard ColdFusion locale value, but a standard Java locale. |
user
|
A list of users that are the users allowed to use the blog. If you do not specify a list of users, any user in the admin table can use the blog. |
commentsFrom
|
By default, comments are emailed out using a "from" address of the person who sent the email. If you set a value for
commentsFrom
, the email will instead be marked with that address. What that means is that when a user posts a comment to a blog entry, each email sent to the unique users of the thread will get an email from the address specified in that setting.
|
failTo
|
Specifies a failTo email address to be used for emails sent out from BlogCFC. Note that not 100% of all email operations make use of this feature yet. |
mailserver
,
mailusername
,
mailpassword
|
By default, the blog will send emails using the mail server specified in the ColdFusion Administrator. If you want to override that setting, use the
|
pingurls
|
The pingurls setting lets you add ping support to your blog. This is described later in this document in the Ping section.
|
offset
|
The
offset
property allows you to offset the posted dates of your blog entries.
So if your blog server is in EST and you live in the CST timezone, you can use offset=-1 to have the times of blog entries reflect your timezone.
|
blogkeywords
|
The
blogkeywords
setting will be used in the meta tag of your blog. This should describe, in general, the content you plan on blogging about.
It should be a list of keywords, separated by a comma. Spaces are ok. Here is an example: "coldfusion, star wars, lost"
|
ipblocklist
|
The
ipblocklist
setting is a set of IPs that are prevented from adding comments to the blog. This could be used to block spammers or other people who may abuse your blog.
You are also allowed to use wildcards. 192.168.1.* would block comments from anyone whose IP is in the range from <IP_ADDRESS> and higher.
|
maxentries
|
The
maxentries
setting controls how many entries are shown on your blog at one time.
|
usecaptcha
|
The
usecaptcha
setting determines if CAPTCHA checking is turned on. If this setting is true, a reader will be forced to enter text from a CAPTCHA image before adding comments or sending blog entries.
|
usecfp
|
Another method of spam protection is CFFormProtect. This is a spam blocker that checks multiple things that can flag a spammer. To enable this, set the
usecfp
value to 1. You can further confige cfformprotect by modifying the configuration information in the cfformprorect folder. Currently this is only used on the comment form, not the 'Send Blog' form.
|
allowgravatars
|
Gravatars are a way to host images that represent a user's email address. If you turn on
allowgravatars
, BlogCFC will attempt to load a gravatar for each person's email address. If the person is not using Gravatar, a default image will be loaded instead.
|
moderate
|
The
moderate
setting determines if comment moderation is turned on. When moderation is on, comments will not show up on your blog until you approve them. You can approve them in one click via the email sent to you or via the Administrator.
|
filebrowse
|
The
filebrowse
setting determines if the file manager is available in the administrator. The file manager lets you upload files to your blog. You may want to disable this for clients who can't be trusted to not screw up their own file system.
|
settings
|
The
settings
setting determines if the settings tool is available in the administrator. Like the filebrowse setting, you may want to turn this off if you think it will be too much for the client.
|
imageroot
|
The
imageroot
setting helps determine where images are stored. These are images uploaded in the blog editor and slide show images. The default value is blank and results in images being uploaded directly in the relevant folders.
|
usetweetbacks
|
The
usetweetbacks
option determines if TweetBacks should be enabled for blog posts. TweetBacks are twits (from twitter.com) about your blog post. BlogCFC will make use of SweetTweets to search Twitter for short URL versions of your blog entry. This results in a slight delay on the first hit to your blog post, but the results will be cached for a few minutes.
|
installed
|
The
installed
setting is a marker that flags BlogCFC as having been setup and installed. You should set this to 1 if you are manually configuring BlogCFC.
|
The last batch of settings (the itunes group) all relate to podcasting. Please see the section on podcasting for more information.
Mobile Site Configuration
The mobile ini file, mobile.ini.cfm, can be found in the "/mobile/config" under the client folder. Editing the mobile.ini.cfm is similar to the main blog.ini.cfm file. Options available in this ini file are :
title=blogCFC Mobile shortTitle=BlogCFC iconLabel=blogCFC appVersion=1.0 theme=jqt mobileRoot=www.blogcfc.com/mobile gaAccount=
Setting the theme for your blog
Since version 5.9.8, BlogCFC has come pre-packaged with Arclite theme by digitalnature. When you initially install blogcfc it comes with all the default styles applied. However, there are a number of different styles that you can chose between to make your blog more unique.
The styles for the Arclite theme are split in to four files. A common styles file and then a header, content and side panel style files.
There are several different style options available for the three display areas all of which can be found in the /includes/styles folder.
The header has the most style options available :
- header-default
- header-blue
- header-field
- header-fire
- header-green
- header-red
- header-wall
- header-wood
The side bar has four styles available :
- side-default
- side-blue
- side-gray
- side-green
The content area has three styles available :
- content-default
- content-grunge
- content-white
To apply different style options to your blog simple edit layout.cfm found in the "tags" folder.
About a third of the way down in layout.cfm you'll find four style imports. One for the common stylesheet and one each for header, content and side.
Replace the style name in the appropriate import with the one you've chosen from the lists above.
The layout of your blog is cached so you will need to initialise your blog to get the changes you make to be displayed.