VPP Configuration File - ‘startup.conf’¶
After a successful installation, VPP installs a startup config file named startup.conf in the /etc/vpp/ directory. This file can be tailored to make VPP run as desired, but contains default values for typical installations.
Below are more details about this file and the parameters and values it contains.
Introduction¶
The VPP network stack comes with several configuration options that can be provided either on the command line when VPP is started, or in a configuration file. Specific applications built on the stack have been known to require a dozen arguments, depending on requirements.
Command-line Arguments¶
Parameters are grouped by a section name. When providing more than one parameter to a section, all parameters for that section must be wrapped in curly braces. For example, to start VPP with configuration data via the command line with the section name ‘unix’:
$ sudo /usr/bin/vpp unix { interactive cli-listen <IP_ADDRESS>:5002 }
The command line can be presented as a single string or as several; anything given on the command line is concatenated with spaces into a single string before parsing. VPP applications must be able to locate their own executable images. The simplest way to ensure this will work is to invoke a VPP application by giving its absolute path. For example: ‘/usr/bin/vpp <options>’ At startup, VPP applications parse through their own ELF-sections [primarily] to make lists of init, configuration, and exit handlers.
When developing with VPP, in gdb it’s often sufficient to start an application like this:
(gdb) run unix interactive
Configuration File¶
It is also possible to supply the configuration parameters in a startup configuration. The path of the file is provided to the VPP application on its command line. The format of the configuration file is a simple text file with the same content as the command line, but with the benefit of being able to use newlines to make the content easier to read. For example:
$ cat /etc/vpp/startup.conf
unix {
nodaemon
log /var/log/vpp/vpp.log
full-coredump
cli-listen localhost:5002
}
api-trace {
on
}
dpdk {
dev 0000:03:00.0
}
VPP is then instructed to load this file with the -c option. For example:
$ sudo /usr/bin/vpp -c /etc/vpp/startup.conf
When the VPP service is started, VPP is started with this option via another installed file, vpp.service (Ubuntu: /lib/systemd/system/vpp.service and CentOS: /usr/lib/systemd/system/vpp.service). See ‘ExecStart’ below:
$ cat /lib/systemd/system/vpp.service
[Unit]
Description=vector packet processing engine
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStartPre=-/bin/rm -f /dev/shm/db /dev/shm/global_vm /dev/shm/vpe-api
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe uio_pci_generic
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vpp -c /etc/vpp/startup.conf
ExecStopPost=/bin/rm -f /dev/shm/db /dev/shm/global_vm /dev/shm/vpe-api
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Configuration Parameters¶
Below is the list of section names and their associated parameters. This is not an exhaustive list of parameters available. The command-line argument parsers can be found in the source code by searching for instances of the VLIB_CONFIG_FUNCTION and VLIB_EARLY_CONFIG_FUNCTION macro.
For example, the invocation ‘VLIB_CONFIG_FUNCTION (foo_config, “foo”)’ will cause the function ‘foo_config’ to receive all parameters given in a parameter block named “foo”: “foo { arg1 arg2 arg3 … }”.
List of Advanced Parameters:¶
“unix” Parameters¶
Configure VPP startup and behavior type attributes, as well and any OS based attributes.
- interactive
Attach CLI to stdin/out and provide a debugging command line interface. Implies nodaemon.
Example: interactive
- nodaemon
Do not fork / background the vpp process. Typical when invoking VPP applications from a process monitor. Set by default in the default ‘startup.conf’ file.
Example: nodaemon
- log <filename>
Logs the startup configuration and all subsequent CLI commands in filename. Very useful in situations where folks don’t remember or can’t be bothered to include CLI commands in bug reports. The default ‘startup.conf’ file is to write to ‘/var/log/vpp/vpp.log’.
In VPP 18.04, the default log file location was moved from ‘/tmp/vpp.log’ to ‘/var/log/vpp/vpp.log’ . The VPP code is indifferent to the file location. However, if SELinux is enabled, then the new location is required for the file to be properly labeled. Check your local ‘startup.conf’ file for the log file location on your system.
Example: log /var/log/vpp/vpp-debug.log
- exec|startup-config <filename>
Read startup operational configuration from filename. The contents of the file will be performed as though entered at the CLI. The two keywords are aliases for the same function; if both are specified, only the last will have an effect. The file contains CLI commands, for example:
$ cat /usr/share/vpp/scripts/interface-up.txtset interface state TenGigabitEthernet1/0/0 upset interface state TenGigabitEthernet1/0/1 upExample: startup-config /usr/share/vpp/scripts/interface-up.txt
- gid number|name>
Sets the effective group ID to the input group ID or group name of the calling process.
Example: gid vpp
- full-coredump
Ask the Linux kernel to dump all memory-mapped address regions, instead of just text+data+bss.
Example: full-coredump
- coredump-size unlimited|<n>G|<n>M|<n>K|<n>
Set the maximum size of the coredump file. The input value can be set in GB, MB, KB or bytes, or set to ‘unlimited’.
Example: coredump-size unlimited
- cli-listen <ipaddress:port>|<socket-path>
Bind the CLI to listen at address localhost on TCP port 5002. This will accept an ipaddress:port pair or a filesystem path; in the latter case a local Unix socket is opened instead. The default ‘startup.conf’ file is to open the socket ‘/run/vpp/cli.sock’.
Example: cli-listen localhost:5002 Example: cli-listen /run/vpp/cli.sock
- cli-line-mode
Disable character-by-character I/O on stdin. Useful when combined with, for example, emacs M-x gud-gdb.
Example: cli-line-mode
- cli-prompt <string>
Configure the CLI prompt to be string.
Example: cli-prompt vpp-2
- cli-history-limit <n>
Limit commmand history to <n> lines. A value of 0 disables command history. Default value: 50
Example: cli-history-limit 100
- cli-no-banner
Disable the login banner on stdin and Telnet connections.
Example: cli-no-banner
- cli-no-pager
Disable the output pager.
Example: cli-no-pager
- cli-pager-buffer-limit <n>
Limit pager buffer to <n> lines of output. A value of 0 disables the pager. Default value: 100000
Example: cli-pager-buffer-limit 5000
- runtime-dir <dir>
Set the runtime directory, which is the default location for certain files, like socket files. Default is based on User ID used to start VPP. Typically it is ‘root’, which defaults to ‘/run/vpp/’. Otherwise, defaults to ‘/run/user/<uid>/vpp/’.
Example: runtime-dir /tmp/vpp
- poll-sleep-usec <n>
Add a fixed-sleep between main loop poll. Default is 0, which is not to sleep.
Example: poll-sleep-usec 100
- pidfile <filename>
Writes the pid of the main thread in the given filename.
Example: pidfile /run/vpp/vpp1.pid
“dpdk” Parameters¶
Command line DPDK configuration controls a number of parameters, including device whitelisting, the number of CPUs available for launching dpdk-eal-controlled threads, the number of I/O buffers, and the process affinity mask. In addition, the DPDK configuration function attempts to support all of the DPDK EAL configuration parameters.
All of the DPDK EAL options should be available. See ../src/plugins/dpdk/device/dpdk_priv.h, look at the set of “foreach_eal_XXX” macros.
- Popular options include:
- dev <pci-dev>
White-list [as in, attempt to drive] a specific PCI device. PCI-dev is a string of the form “DDDD:BB:SS.F” where:
DDDD = DomainBB = Bus NumberSS = Slot numberF = FunctionThis is the same format used in the linux sysfs tree (i.e. /sys/bus/pci/devices) for PCI device directory names.
Example: dev 0000:02:00.0
- dev <pci-dev> { .. }
When whitelisting specific interfaces by specifying PCI address, additional custom parameters can also be specified. Valid options include:
- num-rx-queues <n>
- Number of receive queues. Also enables RSS. Default value is 1.
- num-tx-queues <n>
- Number of transmit queues. Default is equal to number of worker threads or 1 if no workers treads.
- num-rx-desc <n>
- Number of descriptors in receive ring. Increasing or reducing number can impact performance. Default is 1024.
- num-rt-desc <n>
- Number of descriptors in transmit ring. Increasing or reducing number can impact performance. Default is 1024.
- workers
- TBD
- vlan-strip-offload on|off:
- VLAN strip offload mode for interface. VLAN stripping is off by default for all NICs except VICs, using ENIC driver, which has VLAN stripping on by default.
- hqos
- Enable the Hierarchical Quaity-of-Service (HQoS) scheduler, default is disabled. This enables HQoS on specific output interface.
- hqos { .. }
- HQoS can also have its own set of custom parameters. Setting a custom
parameter also enables HQoS.
- hqos-thread <n>
- HQoS thread used by this interface. To setup a pool of threads that are shared by all HQoS interfaces, set via the*’cpu’* section using either ‘corelist-hqos-threads’ or ‘coremask-hqos-threads’.
- rss
- TBD
Example:
dev 0000:02:00.1 {num-rx-queues 2num-tx-queues 2}
- vdev <eal-command>
Provide a DPDK EAL command to specify bonded Ethernet interfaces, operating modes and PCI addresses of slave links. Only XOR balanced (mode 2) mode is supported.
Example:
vdev eth_bond0,mode=2,slave=0000:0f:00.0,slave=0000:11:00.0,xmit_policy=l34vdev eth_bond1,mode=2,slave=0000:10:00.0,slave=0000:12:00.0,xmit_policy=l34
- num-mbufs <n>
Increase number of buffers allocated. May be needed in scenarios with large number of interfaces and worker threads, or a lot of physical interfaces with multiple RSS queues. Value is per CPU socket. Default is 16384.
Example: num-mbufs 128000
- no-pci
When VPP is started, if an interface is not owned by the linux kernel (interface is administratively down), VPP will attempt to manage the interface. ‘no-pci’ indicates that VPP should not walk the PCI table looking for interfaces.
Example: no-pci
- no-hugetlb
Don’t use huge TLB pages. Potentially useful for running simulator images.
Example: no-hugetlb
- kni <n>
Number of KNI interfaces. Refer to the DPDK documentation.
Example: kni 2
- uio-driver uio_pci_generic|igb_uio|vfio-pci|auto
Change UIO driver used by VPP. Default is ‘auto’.
Example: uio-driver igb_uio
- socket-mem <n>
Change hugepages allocation per-socket, needed only if there is need for larger number of mbufs. Default is 64 hugepages on each detected CPU socket.
Example: socket-mem 2048,2048
Other options include:
- enable-tcp-udp-checksum
Enables UDP/TCP RX checksum offload.
Example: enable-tcp-udp-checksum
- no-multi-seg
Disable mutli-segment buffers, improves performance but disables Jumbo MTU support.
Example: no-multi-seg
- no-tx-checksum-offload
Disables UDP/TCP TX checksum offload. Typically needed for use faster vector PMDs (together with no-multi-seg).
Example: no-tx-checksum-offload
- decimal-interface-names
Format DPDK device names with decimal, as opposed to hexadecimal.
Example: decimal-interface-names
- log-level emergency|alert|critical|error|warning|notice|info|debug
Set the log level for DPDK logs. Default is ‘notice’.
Example: log-level error
- dev default { .. }
Change default settings for all intefaces. This sections supports the same set of custom parameters described in ‘dev <pci-dev> { .. }’.
Example:
dev default {num-rx-queues 3num-tx-queues 3}
“cpu” Parameters¶
Command-line CPU configuration controls the creation of named thread types, and the cpu affinity thereof. In the VPP there is one main thread and optionally the user can create worker(s). The main thread and worker thread(s) can be pinned to CPU core(s) automatically or manually.
Automatic Pinning:
- workers <n>
Create <n> worker threads.
Example: workers 4
- io <n>
Create <n> i/o threads.
Example: io 2
- main-thread-io
Handle i/o devices from thread 0, hand off traffic to worker threads. Requires “workers <n>”.
Example: main-thread-io
- skip-cores <n>
Sets number of CPU core(s) to be skipped (1 … N-1). Skipped CPU core(s) are not used for pinning main thread and working thread(s). The main thread is automatically pinned to the first available CPU core and worker(s) are pinned to next free CPU core(s) after core assigned to main threadLeave the low nn bits of the process affinity mask clear.
Example: skip-cores 4
Manual Pinning:
- main-core <n>
Assign main thread to a specific core.
Example: main-core 1
- coremask-workers <hex-mask>
Place worker threads according to the bitmap hex-mask.
Example: coremask-workers 0x0000000000C0000C
- corelist-workers <list>
Same as coremask-workers but accepts a list of cores instead of a bitmap.
Example: corelist-workers 2-3,18-19
- coremask-io <hex-mask>
Place I/O threads according to the bitmap hex-mask.
Example: coremask-io 0x0000000003000030
- corelist-io <list>
Same as coremask-io but accepts a list of cores instead of a bitmap.
Example: corelist-io 4-5,20-21
- coremask-hqos-threads <hex-mask>
Place HQoS threads according to the bitmap hex-mask. A HQoS thread can run multiple HQoS objects each associated with different output interfaces.
Example: coremask-hqos-threads 0x000000000C0000C0
- corelist-hqos-threads <list>
Same as coremask-hqos-threads but accepts a list of cores instead of a bitmap.
Example: corelist-hqos-threads 6-7,22-23
Other:
- use-pthreads
TBD
Example: use-pthreads
- thread-prefix <prefix>
Set a prefix to be prepended to each thread name. The thread name already contains an underscore. If not provided, the default is ‘vpp’. Currently, prefix used on threads: ‘vpp_main’, ‘vpp_stats’
Example: thread-prefix vpp1
- scheduler-policy rr|fifo|batch|idle|other
TBD
Example: scheduler-policy fifo
- scheduler-priority <n>
Set the scheduler priority. Only valid if the ‘scheduler-policy’ is set to ‘fifo’ or ‘rr’. The valid ranges for the scheduler priority depends on the ‘scheduler-policy’ and the current kernel version running. The range is typically 1 to 99, but see the linux man pages for ‘sched’ for more details. If this value is not set, the current linux kernel default is left in place.
Example: scheduler-priority 50
- <thread-name> <count>
Set the number of threads for a given thread (by name). Some threads, like ‘stats’, have a fixed number of threads and cannot be changed. List of possible threads include (but not limited too): hqos-threads, workers
Example: hqos-threads 2
Note
The “main” thread always occupies the lowest core-id specified in the DPDK [process-level] coremask.
Here’s a full-bore manual placement example:
/usr/bin/vpp unix interactive tuntap disable cpu { main-thread-io coremask-workers 18 coremask-stats 4 } dpdk { coremask 1e }
# taskset -a -p <vpe-pid>
pid 16251's current affinity mask: 2 # main thread
pid 16288's current affinity mask: ffffff # DPDK interrupt thread (not bound to a core)
pid 16289's current affinity mask: 4 # stats thread
pid 16290's current affinity mask: 8 # worker thread 0
pid 16291's current affinity mask: 10 # worker thread 1
“acl-plugin” Parameters¶
These parameters change the configuration of the ACL (access control list) plugin, such as how the ACL bi-hash tables are initialized.
They should only be set by those that are familiar with the interworkings of VPP and the ACL Plugin.
The first three parameters, connection hash buckets, connection hash memory, and connection count max, set the connection table per-interface parameters for modifying how the two bounded-index extensible hash tables for IPv6 (40*8 bit key and 8*8 bit value pairs) and IPv4 (16*8 bit key and 8*8 bit value pairs) ACL plugin FA interface sessions are initialized.
- connection hash buckets <n>
Sets the number of hash buckets (rounded up to a power of 2) in each of the two bi-hash tables. Defaults to 64*1024 (65536) hash buckets.
Example: connection hash buckets 65536
- connection hash memory <n>
Sets the allocated memory size (in bytes) for each of the two bi-hash tables. Defaults to<PHONE_NUMBER> bytes.
Example: connection hash memory<PHONE_NUMBER>
- connection count max <n>
Sets the maximum number of pool elements when allocating each per-worker pool of sessions for both bi-hash tables. Defaults to 500000 elements in each pool.
Example: connection count max 500000
- main heap size <n>G|<n>M|<n>K|<n>
Sets the size of the main memory heap that holds all the ACL module related allocations (other than hash.) Default size is 0, but during ACL heap initialization is equal to per_worker_size_with_slack * tm->n_vlib_mains + bihash_size + main_slack. Note that these variables are partially based on the connection table per-interface parameters mentioned above.
Example: main heap size 3G
The next three parameters, hash lookup heap size, hash lookup hash buckets, and hash lookup hash memory, modify the initialization of the bi-hash lookup table used by the ACL plugin. This table is initialized when attempting to apply an ACL to the existing vector of ACLs looked up during packet processing (but it is found that the table does not exist / has not been initialized yet.)
- hash lookup heap size <n>G|<n>M|<n>K|<n>
Sets the size of the memory heap that holds all the miscellaneous allocations related to hash-based lookups. Default size is 67108864 bytes.
Example: hash lookup heap size 70M
- hash lookup hash buckets <n>
Sets the number of hash buckets (rounded up to a power of 2) in the bi-hash lookup table. Defaults to 65536 hash buckets.
Example: hash lookup hash buckets 65536
- hash lookup hash memory <n>
Sets the allocated memory size (in bytes) for the bi-hash lookup table. Defaults to 67108864 bytes.
Example: hash lookup hash memory 67108864
- use tuple merge <n>
Sets a boolean value indicating whether or not to use TupleMerge for hash ACL’s. Defaults to 1 (true), meaning the default implementation of hashing ACL’s does use TupleMerge.
Example: use tuple merge 1
- tuple merge split threshold <n>
Sets the maximum amount of rules (ACE’s) that can collide in a bi-hash lookup table before the table is split into two new tables. Splitting ensures less rule collisions by hashing colliding rules based on their common tuple (usually their maximum common tuple.) Splitting occurs when the length of the colliding rules vector is greater than this threshold amount. Defaults to a maximum of 39 rule collisions per table.
Example: tuple merge split threshold 30
- reclassify sessions <n>
Sets a boolean value indicating whether or not to take the epoch of the session into account when dealing with re-applying ACL’s or changing already applied ACL’s. Defaults to 0 (false), meaning the default implementation does NOT take the epoch of the session into account.
Example: reclassify sessions 1
“api-queue” Parameters¶
The following parameters should only be set by those that are familiar with the interworkings of VPP.
- length <n>
Sets the api queue length. Minimum valid queue length is 1024, which is also the default.
Example: length 2048
“api-segment” Parameters¶
These values control various aspects of the binary API interface to VPP.
- prefix <path>
Sets the prefix prepended to the name used for shared memory (SHM) segments. The default is empty, meaning shared memory segments are created directly in the SHM directory ‘/dev/shm’. It is worth noting that on many systems ‘/dev/shm’ is a symbolic link to somewhere else in the file system; Ubuntu links it to ‘/run/shm’.
Example: prefix /run/shm
- uid <number|name>
Sets the user ID or name that should be used to set the ownership of the shared memory segments. Defaults to the same user that VPP is started with, probably root.
Example: uid root
- gid <number|name>
Sets the group ID or name that should be used to set the ownership of the shared memory segments. Defaults to the same group that VPP is started with, probably root.
Example: gid vpp
The following parameters should only be set by those that are familiar with the interworkings of VPP.
- baseva <x>
Set the base address for SVM global region. If not set, on AArch64, the code will try to determine the base address. All other default to 0x30000000.
Example: baseva 0x20000000
- global-size <n>G|<n>M|<n>
Set the global memory size, memory shared across all router instances, packet buffers, etc. If not set, defaults to 64M. The input value can be set in GB, MB or bytes.
Example: global-size 2G
- global-pvt-heap-size <n>M|size <n>
Set the size of the global VM private mheap. If not set, defaults to 128k. The input value can be set in MB or bytes.
Example: global-pvt-heap-size size 262144
- api-pvt-heap-size <n>M|size <n>
Set the size of the api private mheap. If not set, defaults to 128k. The input value can be set in MB or bytes.
Example: api-pvt-heap-size 1M
- api-size <n>M|<n>G|<n>
Set the size of the API region. If not set, defaults to 16M. The input value can be set in GB, MB or bytes.
Example: api-size 64M
“api-trace” Parameters¶
The ability to trace, dump, and replay control-plane API traces makes all the difference in the world when trying to understand what the control-plane has tried to ask the forwarding-plane to do.
- on|enable
Enable API trace capture from the beginning of time, and arrange for a post-mortem dump of the API trace if the application terminates abnormally. By default, the (circular) trace buffer will be configured to capture 256K traces. The default ‘startup.conf’ file has trace enabled by default, and unless there is a very strong reason, it should remain enabled.
Example: on
- nitems <n>
Configure the circular trace buffer to contain the last <n> entries. By default, the trace buffer captures the last 256K API messages received.
Example: nitems 524288
- save-api-table <filename>
Dumps the API message table to /tmp/<filename>.
Example: save-api-table apiTrace-07-04.txt
Typically, one simply enables the API message trace scheme:
api-trace { on }
“buffers” Parameters¶
Command line Buffer configuration controls buffer management.
- memory-size-in-mb <n>
Configure the memory size used for buffers. If not set, VPP defaults to 32MB.
Example: memory-size-in-mb 64
“cj” Parameters¶
The circular journal (CJ) thread-safe circular log buffer scheme is occasionally useful when chasing bugs. Calls to it should not be checked in. See …/vlib/vlib/unix/cj.c. The circular journal is disables by default. When enabled, the number of records must be provided, there is no default value.
- records <n>
Configure the number of circular journal records in the circular buffer. The number of records should be a power of 2.
Example: records 131072
- on
Turns on logging at the earliest possible moment.
Example: on
“dns” Parameters¶
- max-cache-size <n>
Set the maximum number of active elements allowed in the pool of dns cache entries. When resolving an expired entry or adding a new static entry and the max number of active entries is reached, a random, non-static entry is deleted. Defaults to 65535 entries.
Example: max-cache-size 65535
- max-ttl <n>
Currently not implemented. Defaults to 86400 seconds (24 hours.)
Example: max-ttl 86400
“heapsize” Parameters¶
Heapsize configuration controls the size of the main heap. The heap size is configured very early in the boot sequence, before loading plug-ins or doing much of anything else.
- heapsize <n>M|<n>G
Specifies the size of the heap in MB or GB. The default is 1GB. Setting the main heap size to 4GB or more requires recompilation of the entire system with CLIB_VEC64 > 0. See …/clib/clib/vec_bootstrap.h.
Example: heapsize 2G
“ip” Parameters¶
IPv4 heap configuration. he heap size is configured very early in the boot sequence, before loading plug-ins or doing much of anything else.
- heap-size <n>G|<n>M|<n>K|<n>
Set the IPv4 mtrie heap size, which is the amount of memory dedicated to the destination IP lookup table. The input value can be set in GB, MB, KB or bytes. The default value is 32MB.
Example: heap-size 64M
“ip6” Parameters¶
IPv6 heap configuration. he heap size is configured very early in the boot sequence, before loading plug-ins or doing much of anything else.
- heap-size <n>G|<n>M|<n>K|<n>
Set the IPv6 forwarding table heap size. The input value can be set in GB, MB, KB or bytes. The default value is 32MB.
Example: heap-size 64M
- hash-buckets <n>
Set the number of IPv6 forwarding table hash buckets. The default value is 64K (65536).
Example: hash-buckets 131072
“l2learn” Parameters¶
Configure Layer 2 MAC Address learning parameters.
- limit <n>
Configures the number of L2 (MAC) addresses in the L2 FIB at any one time, which limits the size of the L2 FIB to <n> concurrent entries. Defaults to 4M entries (4194304).
Example: limit 8388608
“l2tp” Parameters¶
IPv6 Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol Version 3 (IPv6-L2TPv3) configuration controls the method used to locate a specific IPv6-L2TPv3 tunnel. The following settings are mutually exclusive:
- lookup-v6-src
Lookup tunnel by IPv6 source address.
Example: lookup-v6-src
- lookup-v6-dst
Lookup tunnel by IPv6 destination address.
Example: lookup-v6-dst
- lookup-session-id
Lookup tunnel by L2TPv3 session identifier.
Example: lookup-session-id
“logging” Parameters¶
- size <n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- unthrottle-time <n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- default-log-level emerg|alertcrit|err|warn|notice|info|debug|disabled
TBD
Example: TBD
- default-syslog-log-level emerg|alertcrit|err|warn|notice|info|debug|disabled
TBD
Example: TBD
“mactime” Parameters¶
- lookup-table-buckets <n>
Sets the number of hash buckets in the mactime bi-hash lookup table. Defaults to 128 buckets.
Example: lookup-table-buckets 128
- lookup-table-memory <n>G|<n>M|<n>K|<n>
Sets the allocated memory size (in bytes) for the mactime bi-hash lookup table. The input value can be set in GB, MB, KB or bytes. The default value is 262144 (256 << 10) bytes or roughly 256KB.
Example: lookup-table-memory 300K
- timezone_offset <n>
Sets the timezone offset from UTC. Defaults to an offset of -5 hours from UTC (US EST / EDT.)
Example: timezone_offset -5
“map” Parameters¶
- customer edge
Sets a boolean true to indicate that the MAP node is a Customer Edge (CE) router. The boolean defaults to false, meaning the MAP node is not treated as a CE router.
Example: customer edge
“mc” Parameters¶
MC Test Process.
- interface <name>
TBD
Example: TBD
- n-bytes <n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- max-n-bytes <n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- min-n-bytes <n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- seed <n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- window <n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- verbose
TBD
Example: verbose
- no-validate
TBD
Example: no-validate
- min-delay <n.n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- max-delay <n.n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- no-delay
TBD
Example: no-delay
- n-packets <n.n>
TBD
Example: TBD
“nat” Parameters¶
These parameters change the configuration of the NAT (Network address translation) plugin, such as how the NAT & NAT64 bi-hash tables are initialized, if the NAT is endpoint dependent, or if the NAT is deterministic.
For each NAT per thread data, the following 4 parameters change how certain bi-hash tables are initialized.
- translation hash buckets <n>
Sets the number of hash buckets in each of the two in/out NAT bi-hash lookup tables. Defaults to 1024 buckets.
If the NAT is indicated to be endpoint dependent, which can be set with the endpoint-dependent parameter, then this parameter sets the number of hash buckets in each of the two endpoint dependent sessions NAT bi-hash lookup tables.
Example: translation hash buckets 1024
- translation hash memory <n>
Sets the allocated memory size (in bytes) for each of the two in/out NAT bi-hash tables. Defaults to 134217728 (128 << 20) bytes, which is roughly 128 MB.
If the NAT is indicated to be endpoint dependent, which can be set with the endpoint-dependent parameter, then this parameter sets the allocated memory size for each of the two endpoint dependent sessions NAT bi-hash lookup tables.
Example: translation hash memory 134217728
- user hash buckets <n>
Sets the number of hash buckets in the user bi-hash lookup table (src address lookup for a user.) Defaults to 128 buckets.
Example: user hash buckets 128
- user hash memory <n>
Sets the allocated memory size (in bytes) for the user bi-hash lookup table (src address lookup for a user.) Defaults to 67108864 (64 << 20) bytes, which is roughly 64 MB.
Example: user hash memory 67108864
- max translations per user <n>
Sets the maximum amount of dynamic and/or static NAT sessions each user can have. Defaults to 100. When this limit is reached, the least recently used translation is recycled.
Example: max translations per user 50
- outside VRF id <n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- outside ip6 VRF id <n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- inside VRF id <n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- inside VRF id <n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- static mapping only
TBD
Example: static mapping only
- connection tracking
TBD
Example: connection tracking
- deterministic
Sets a boolean value to 1 indicating that the NAT is deterministic. Defaults to 0, meaning the NAT is not deterministic.
Example: deterministic
- nat64 bib hash buckets <n>
Sets the number of hash buckets in each of the two in/out NAT64 BIB bi-hash tables. Defaults to 1024 buckets.
Example: nat64 bib hash buckets 1024
- nat64 bib hash memory <n>
Sets the allocated memory size (in bytes) for each of the two in/out NAT64 BIB bi-hash tables. Defaults to 134217728 (128 << 20) bytes, which is roughly 128 MB.
Example: nat64 bib hash memory 134217728
- nat64 st hash buckets <n>
Sets the number of hash buckets in each of the two in/out NAT64 session table bi-hash tables. Defaults to 2048 buckets.
Example: nat64 st hash buckets 2048
- nat64 st hash memory <n>
Sets the allocated memory size (in bytes) for each of the two in/out NAT64 session table bi-hash tables. Defaults to 268435456 (256 << 20) bytes, which is roughly 256 MB.
Example: nat64 st hash memory 268435456
- out2in dpo
TBD
Example: out2in dpo
- dslite ce
TBD
Example: dslite ce
- endpoint-dependent
Sets a boolean value to 1, indicating that the NAT is endpoint dependent. Defaults to 0, meaning the NAT is not endpoint dependent.
Example: endpoint-dependent
“oam” Parameters¶
OAM configuration controls the (ip4-icmp) interval, and number of misses allowed before reporting an oam target down to any registered listener.
- interval <n.n>
Interval, floating-point seconds, between sending OAM IPv4 ICMP messages. Default is 2.04 seconds.
Example: interval 3.5
- misses-allowed <n>
Number of misses before declaring an OAM target down. Default is 3 misses.
Example: misses-allowed 5
“plugins” Parameters¶
A plugin can be disabled by default. It may still be in an experimental phase or only be needed in special circumstances. If this is the case, the plugin can be explicitely enabled in ‘startup.conf’. Also, a plugin that is enabled by default can be explicitely disabled in ‘startup.conf’.
Another useful use of this section is to disable all the plugins, then enable only the plugins that are desired.
- path <path>
Adjust the plugin path depending on where the VPP plugins are installed.
Example: path /home/bms/vpp/build-root/install-vpp-native/vpp/lib/vpp_plugins
- name-filter <filter-name>
TBD
Example: TBD
- vat-path <path>
TBD
Example: TBD
- vat-name-filter <filter-name>
TBD
Example: TBD
- plugin <plugin.so> { .. }
Configure parameters for a given plugin. Valid parameters are as follows:
- enable
- Enable the given plugin.
- disable
- Disable the given plugin.
- skip-version-check
- In the plugin registration, if ‘.version_required’ is set, the plugin will not be loaded if there is version mismatch between plugin and VPP. This can be bypassed by setting “skip-version-check” for specific plugin.
Example: plugin ila_plugin.so { enable skip-version-check }
- plugin default { .. }
Set the default behavior for all plugins. Valid parameters are as follows:
- disable
- Disable all plugins.
- Example:
plugin default { disable }plugin dpdk_plugin.so { enable }plugin acl_plugin.so { enable }
“plugin_path” Parameters¶
Alternate syntax to choose plugin path. Plugin_path configuration controls the set of directories searched for vlib plugins. Supply a colon-separated list of (absolute) directory names: plugin_path dir1:dir2:…:dirN
Example: plugin_path /home/bms/vpp/build-root/install-vpp-native/vpp/lib/vpp_plugins
“punt” Parameters¶
Configuration parameters for the local TCP/IP stack punt infrastructure.
- socket <path>
The filesystem pathname of a bound UNIX domain socket to be used with punt.
Example: TBD
“session” Parameters¶
- event-queue-length <n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- preallocated-sessions <n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- v4-session-table-buckets <n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- v4-halfopen-table-buckets <n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- v6-session-table-buckets <n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- v6-halfopen-table-buckets <n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- v4-session-table-memory <n>G|<n>M|<n>K|<n>
TBD The input value can be set in GB, MB, KB or bytes.
Example: TBD
- v4-halfopen-table-memory <n>G|<n>M|<n>K|<n>
TBD The input value can be set in GB, MB, KB or bytes.
Example: TBD
- v6-session-table-memory <n>G|<n>M|<n>K|<n>
TBD The input value can be set in GB, MB, KB or bytes.
Example: TBD
- v6-halfopen-table-memory <n>G|<n>M|<n>K|<n>
TBD The input value can be set in GB, MB, KB or bytes.
Example: TBD
- local-endpoints-table-memory <n>G|<n>M|<n>K|<n>
TBD The input value can be set in GB, MB, KB or bytes.
Example: TBD
- local-endpoints-table-buckets <n>
TBD
Example: TBD
- evt_qs_memfd_seg
TBD
Example: evt_qs_memfd_seg
“socketsvr” Parameters¶
Create a socket server for API server (…/vlibmemory/socksvr_vlib.c.). If not set, API server doesn’t run.
- socket-name <filename>
Configure API socket filename.
Example: socket-name /run/vpp/vpp-api.sock
- default
Use the default API socket (/run/vpp-api.sock).
Example: default
“stats” Parameters¶
Create a socket server for ‘stats’ poller. If not set, ‘stats’* poller doesn’t run.
- socket-name <filename>
Configure ‘stats’ socket filename.
Example: socket-name /run/vpp/stats.sock
- default
Use the default ‘stats’ socket (/run/vpp/stats.sock).
Example: default
“statseg” Parameters¶
- size <n>G|<n>M|<n>K|<n>
Sets the size of the memory mapped stats segment object stat_segment. The input value can be set in GB, MB, KB or bytes. Defaults to 33554432 (32 << 20) bytes or roughly 32 MB.
Example: size 32M
“tapcli” Parameters¶
Configuration parameters for TAPCLI (dynamic tap interface hookup.)
- mtu <n>
Sets interface MTU (maximum transmission unit) size in bytes. This size is also related to the number of MTU buffers. Defaults to 1500 bytes.
Example: mtu 1500
- disable
Disables TAPCLI. Default is that TAPCLI is enabled.
Example: disable
“tcp” Parameters¶
Configuration parameters for TCP host stack utilities. The following preallocation parameters are related to the initialization of fixed-size, preallocation pools.
- preallocated-connections <n>
Sets the number of preallocated TCP connections. Defaults to 0. The preallocated connections per thread is related to this value, equal to (preallocated_connections / (num_threads - 1)).
Example: preallocated-connections 5
- preallocated-half-open-connections <n>
Sets the number of preallocated TCP half-open connections. Defaults to 0.
Example: preallocated-half-open-connections 5
- buffer-fail-fraction <n.n>
Sets the TCP buffer fail fraction (a float) used for fault-injection when debugging TCP buffer allocation. Its use is found in tcp_debug.h. Defaults to 0.0.
Example: buffer-fail-fraction 0.0
“tls” Parameters¶
Configures TLS parameters, such as enabling the use of test certificates. These parameters affect the tlsmbedtls and tlsopenssl plugins.
- use-test-cert-in-ca
Sets a boolean value to 1 to indicate during the initialization of a TLS CA chain to attempt to parse and add test certificates to the chain. Defaults to 0, meaning test certificates are not used.
Example: use-test-cert-in-ca
- ca-cert-path <filename>
Sets the filename path of the location of TLS CA certificates, used when initializing and loading TLS CA certificates during the initialization of a TLS CA chain. If not set, the default filename path is /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt.
Example: ca-cert-path /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
“tuntap” Parameters¶
The “tuntap” driver configures a point-to-point interface between the vpp engine and the local Linux kernel stack. This allows e.g. users to ssh to the host | VM | container via vpp “revenue” interfaces. It’s marginally useful, and is currently disabled by default. To [dynamically] create TAP interfaces - the preferred scheme - see the “tap_connect” binary API. The Linux network stack “vnet” interface needs to manually configure, and VLAN and other settings if desired.
- enable|disable
Enable or disable the tun/tap driver.
Example: enable
- ethernet|ether
Create a tap device (ethernet MAC) instead of a tun device (point-to-point tunnel). The two keywords are aliases for the same function.
Example: ethernet
- have-normal-interface|have-normal
Treat the host Linux stack as a routing peer instead of programming VPP interface L3 addresses onto the tun/tap devices. The two keywords are aliases for the same function.
Example: have-normal-interface
- name <name>
Assign name to the tun/tap device.
Example: name vpp1
Here’s a typical multiple parameter invocation:
tuntap { ethernet have-normal-interface name vpp1 }
“vhost-user” Parameters¶
Vhost-user configuration parameters control the vhost-user driver.
- coalesce-frames <n>
Subject to deadline-timer expiration - see next item - attempt to transmit at least <n> packet frames. Default is 32 frames.
Example: coalesce-frames 64
- coalesce-time <seconds>
Hold packets no longer than (floating-point) seconds before transmitting them. Default is 0.001 seconds
Example: coalesce-time 0.002
- dont-dump-memory
vhost-user shared-memory segments can add up to a large amount of memory, so it’s handy to avoid adding them to corefiles when using a significant number of such interfaces.
Example: dont-dump-memory
“vlib” Parameters¶
These parameters configure VLIB, such as allowing you to choose whether to enable memory traceback or a post-mortem elog dump.
- memory-trace
Enables memory trace (mheap traceback.) Defaults to 0, meaning memory trace is disabled.
Example: memory-trace
- elog-events <n>
Sets the number of elements/events (the size) of the event ring (a circular buffer of events.) This number rounds to a power of 2. Defaults to 131072 (128 << 10) elements.
Example: elog-events 4096
- elog-post-mortem-dump
Enables the attempt of a post-mortem elog dump to /tmp/elog_post_mortem.<PID_OF_CALLING_PROCESS> if os_panic or os_exit is called.
Example: elog-post-mortem-dump


Reset
Include assignment box
Include mobile QR code
Remove territory border
Remove address pins
More accurate markers
Include map
Include zoomed-in map
Sort by street address
Remove legend
Remove names
Remove geocode numbers
Include names for not valid calls
Include co-op calls
Add Chinese legend
Display territory notes
Display last contacted date
Enable alba prettify printing
Auto-refresh when changed
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Help


The concept
Specificity is the means by which browsers decide which CSS property values are the most relevant to an element and, therefore, will be applied. Specificity is based on the matching rules which are composed of different sorts of CSS selectors.
How is it calculated?
Specificity is a weight that is applied to a given CSS declaration, determined by the number of each selector type in the matching selector. When specificity is equal to any of the multiple declarations, the last declaration found in the CSS is applied to the element. Specificity only applies when the same element is targeted by multiple declarations. As per CSS rules, directly targeted element will always take precedence over rules which an element inherits from its ancestor.
Selector Types
The following list of selector types increases by specificity:
- Type selectors (e.g.,
h1
) and pseudo-elements (e.g.,:before
). - Class selectors (e.g.,
.example
), attributes selectors (e.g.,[type="radio"]
) and pseudo-classes (e.g.,:hover
). - ID selectors (e.g.,
#example
).
Universal selector (*
), combinators (+
, >
, ~
, '
') and negation pseudo-class (:not()
) have no effect on specificity. (The selectors declared inside :not()
do, however.)
Inline styles added to an element (e.g., style="font-weight:bold"
) always overwrite any styles in external stylesheets, and thus can be thought of as having the highest specificity.
The !important
exception
When an important
rule is used on a style declaration, this declaration overrides any other declarations. Although technically !important
has nothing to do with specificity, it interacts directly with it. Using !important,
however, is bad practice and should be avoided because it makes debugging more difficult by breaking the natural cascading in your stylesheets. When two conflicting declarations with the !important
rule are applied to the same element, the declaration with a greater specificity will be applied.
Some rules of thumb:
- Always look for a way to use specificity before even considering !important
- Only use
!important
on page-specific CSS that overrides foreign CSS (from external libraries, like Bootstrap or normalize.css). - Never use
!important
when you're writing a plugin/mashup. - Never use
!important
on site-wide CSS.
Instead of using !important
, you consider:
- Making better use of CSS cascading properties
-
Using more specific rules. By indicating one or more elements before the element you're selecting the rule becomes more specific and gets higher priority:

 Text

div#test span { color: green } div span { color: blue } span { color: red }
No matter the order, text will be green because that rule is most specific. (Also, the rule for blue overwrites the rule for red, notwithstanding the order of the rules)
You should use it when:
A) Scenario one:
- You have a global CSS file that sets visual aspects of your site globally.
- You (or others) use inline styles on elements themselves. This is considered very bad practice.
In this case, you could set certain styles in your global CSS file as important, thus overriding inline styles set directly on elements.
Real world example: Some badly written jQuery plugins which use inline styles.
B) Another scenario
#someElement p {
color: blue;
}
p.awesome {
color: red;
}
How do you make awesome
paragraphs always turn red, even ones inside #someElement
? Without !important
, the first rule will have more specificity and will win over the second rule.
How to override !important
A) Simply add another CSS rule with !important
, and either give the selector a higher specificity (adding a tag, id or class to the selector), or add a CSS rule with the same selector at a later point than the existing one. This works because in a specificity tie, the last rule defined wins.
Some examples with a higher specificity:
table td {height: 50px !important;}
.myTable td {height: 50px !important;}
#myTable td {height: 50px !important;}
B) Or add the same selector after the existing one:
td {height: 50px !important;}
C) Or rewrite the original rule to avoid the use of !important
altogether.
For more information, visit:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3706819/what-are-the-implications-of-using-important-in-css
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9245353/what-does-important-in-css-mean
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5701149/when-to-use-important-property-in-css
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11178673/how-to-override-important
The :not
exception
The negation pseudo-class :not
is not considered a pseudo-class in the specificity calculation. But selectors placed into the negation pseudo-class count as normal selectors when determining the count of selector types.
Here is a CSS chunk:
div.outer p { color:orange; } div:not(.outer) p { color: lime; }
when used with the following HTML:

This is in the outer div.

This text is in the inner div.

Shall appear on the screen as:
Form-based specificity
Specificity is based on the form of a selector. In the following case, the selector *[id="foo"]
counts as an attribute selector for the purpose of determining the selector's specificity, even though it selects an ID.
The following style declarations:
*#foo { color: green; } *[id="foo"] { color: purple; }
when used with this markup:

I am a sample text.

Will end up looking like:
Because it matches the same element but the ID selector has a higher specificity.
Tree proximity ignorance
The proximity of an element to other elements that are referenced in a given selector has no impact on specificity. The following style declaration:
body h1 { color: green; } html h1 { color: purple; }
With the following HTML:

Here is a title!

Will render as:
Because the two declarations have equal selector type counts, but the html h1
selector is declared last.
Directly targeted elements versus inherited styles
Styles for a directly targeted element will always take precedence over inherited styles, regardless of the specificity of the inherited rule.
#parent { color: green; } h1 { color: purple; }
With the following HTML:

Here is a title!

Will also render as:
Because the h1
selector targets the element specifically, but the green selector is only inherited from its parent.
See also
- Specificity Calculator: An interactive website to test and understand your own CSS rules - https://specificity.keegan.st/
- CSS3 Selectors Specificity - http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#specificity
- CSS Key Concepts: CSS syntax, at-rule, comments, specificity and inheritance, the box, layout modes and visual formatting models, and margin collapsing, or the initial, computed, resolved, specified, used, and actual values. Definitions of value syntax, shorthand properties and replaced elements.


--- layout: newsstory title: WE PREFER A LEVEL PLAYING FIELD match: Gresley 2 Yeltz 0 ---
The mighty Yeltz came unstuck in the backstreets of Gresley, losing 2-0 to the champions of two seasons ago.
We always seem to struggle here - the only reason I can think of is their bizarrely sloping pitch. I think it's terrible any team should be allowed to play on a ground that isn't perfectly flat - like wot ours is (now). :-)


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| Packages that use Object | |
|---|---|
| com.ekito.simpleKML.model |
| Uses of Object in com.ekito.simpleKML.model |
|---|
| Subclasses of Object in com.ekito.simpleKML.model | |
|---|---|
class |
AbstractView
This is an abstract element and cannot be used directly in a KML file. |
class |
BaloonStyle
Specifies how the description balloon for placemarks is drawn. |
class |
Camera
Defines the virtual camera that views the scene. |
class |
ColorStyle
This is an abstract element and cannot be used directly in a KML file. |
class |
Document
A Document is a container for features and styles. |
class |
Feature
This is an abstract element and cannot be used directly in a KML file. |
class |
Folder
A Folder is used to arrange other Features hierarchically (Folder , Placemark , NetworkLink , or Overlay ). |
class |
Geometry
This is an abstract element and cannot be used directly in a KML file. |
class |
GroundOverlay
This element draws an image overlay draped onto the terrain. |
class |
Icon
Defines an image associated with an Icon style or overlay. |
class |
IconStyle
Specifies how icons for point Placemarks are drawn, both in the Places panel and in the 3D viewer of Google Earth. |
class |
LabelStyle
Specifies how the name of a Feature is drawn in the 3D viewer. |
class |
LinearRing
Defines a closed line string, typically the outer boundary of a Polygon . |
class |
LineString
Defines a connected set of line segments. |
class |
LineStyle
Specifies the drawing style (color, color mode, and line width) for all line geometry. |
class |
Link
Link specifies the location of any of the following:
KML files fetched by network links
Image files used in any Overlay (the Icon element specifies the image in an Overlay ; Icon has the same fields as Link )
Model files used in the Model element
The file is conditionally loaded and refreshed, depending on the refresh parameters supplied here. |
class |
ListStyle
Specifies how a Feature is displayed in the list view. |
class |
LookAt
Defines a virtual camera that is associated with any element derived from Feature . |
class |
Model
A 3D object described in a COLLADA file (referenced in the Link tag). |
class |
MultiGeometry
A container for zero or more geometry primitives associated with the same feature. |
class |
MultiTrack
A multi-track element is used to combine multiple track elements into a single conceptual unit. |
class |
NetworkLink
References a KML file or KMZ archive on a local or remote network. |
class |
Overlay
This is an abstract element and cannot be used directly in a KML file. |
class |
Pair
Defines a key/value pair that maps a mode (normal or highlight) to the predefined styleUrl. |
class |
PhotoOverlay
The PhotoOverlay element allows you to geographically locate a photograph on the Earth and to specify viewing parameters for this PhotoOverlay. |
class |
Placemark
A Placemark is a Feature with associated Geometry . |
class |
Point
A geographic location defined by longitude, latitude, and (optional) altitude. |
class |
Polygon
A Polygon is defined by an outer boundary and 0 or more inner boundaries. |
class |
PolyStyle
Specifies the drawing style for all polygons, including polygon extrusions (which look like the walls of buildings) and line extrusions (which look like solid fences). |
class |
Region
A region contains a bounding box ( LatLonAltBox ) that describes an area of interest defined by geographic coordinates and altitudes. |
class |
Schema
Specifies a custom KML schema that is used to add custom data to KML Features. |
class |
ScreenOverlay
This element draws an image overlay fixed to the screen. |
class |
Style
A Style defines an addressable style group that can be referenced by StyleMaps and Features. |
class |
StyleMap
A StyleMap maps between two different Styles. |
class |
StyleSelector
This is an abstract element and cannot be used directly in a KML file. |
class |
TimePrimitive
This is an abstract element and cannot be used directly in a KML file. |
class |
TimeSpan
Represents an extent in time bounded by begin and end dateTimes. |
class |
TimeStamp
Represents a single moment in time. |
class |
Track
A track describes how an object moves through the world over a given time period. |
|
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Methods
(static) colorChange(color, elem)
Function to change the color of an instance via a JavaScript function
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
color |
string | The color you are changing the instance to |
elem |
HTMLElement | The button HTMLElement that is a part of the instance |
- Source:
Example
const button = document.getElementById('my_button');
colorPickerComp.colorChange('#ff0000', button);
(static) getCustomColors()
Gets an array of all the saved custom colors
- Source:
Example
const savedColor = colorPickerComp.getCustomColors();


Apex Team Registration
Player
Team
Player
Create
Player Name:
Player IGN:
Team ID:
Create
View Player
Player ID:
View Player By ID
View All Players
View All Players
Update Players
Enter the ID of the player to be updated:
Player Name:
Player IGN:
Team ID:
Update Player
Delete Player
Player ID to be deleted:
Delete Player


##
If you have been to Cusco of Peru, you might have visited the famous site of Sexywoman (Saqsaywaman). It is a citadel on the northern outskirts of the Inca Empire’s historic capital.
At the site, I tried sliding down the massive stone slopes, just like what the boy’s doing in my photos. I loved the changing emotions shown clearly on his face. :) Imagine the thrill and fun we had at this amazing natural playground of the Inca!
This collage is my entry to @ntopaz’s Emotive Art contest. Below are the 2 original photos:
##
Here’s how the stone slides look like. Apparently the boy enjoyed it and couldn’t wait to have more. ;)
##
如果你去过秘鲁的印加古都库斯科，可能也去看了北郊有名的Saqsaywaman遗址。如果你还没去过，将来记得去试试这里的天然大石梯！
就像我照片中的小男孩一样，我也沿着这石头坡滑下去，很有意思的体验～ 不知道古代的印加人是不是也常常在此寻欢作乐，哈哈。
迅速下滑的过程中，耳边风飕飕而过，那种既有点恐惧又极度兴奋的快感交织，明明白白地写在了这个小男孩的脸上。:)
图文 by Donica多
Thank you for visiting! Please tell me what you think. Exchange makes change! =)
If you like my content, please support me by commenting / following / upvoting / resteeming.
感谢来访！你的关注/点赞/留言/转发就是对我最好的支持~ 下次见！:)
##
Here are some of my travel shots. Check out my posts on Steemit World Map, and follow me for more adventures around the globe! :)
!steemitworldmap -13.508576 lat -71.981751 long d3scr
This page is synchronized from the post: ‘#243 Fear & Fun 🇵🇪 | 印加人的天然滑梯’


the and NLRC with was were cells al., for The expression (). chicken infection that gene virus immune viral {background NFκB infected using are role LPAIV al.. influenza margin IAV have innate {border-style (Figure cell data during host mRNA px;} which #ffffff;} AIV activation response HPAIV avian been genes RNA analysis performed has increase this levels MQ-NCSU PCR This also compared macrophages observed pathway cytokine from infection. not relative signaling used (HN) antiviral can highly knockdown macrophage pathogenic protein replication siRNA upregulation viruses Analysis IL- IL-β both cells. each hpi infection, key px; regulation shown suggesting three upregulated {font-family Cells Data Figure HN, IL-, Immunol., Infection State While biological control described font-size further increased inflammasome inflammatory lung macrophages. pathway. pro-viral production regulator responses. showing significant supernatant All Array Chicken HN. USA) after carried could cytokines decreased double; expressed factor family following found human infections involved line measured out potential previously replicates represents standard through type well (Figures Cell For Kit Macrophages NLR NLRP Profiler associated border-color border-width defense experiments hpi. including most negative our primary quantification receptor reports secretion solid; specific studies study such time under various {font-style {font-weight (B) ELISA Expression Further Further, J.et NLRC, Pennsylvania REU Vet. Viral Virol., act array article assay average bars based between bold cDNA confirmed courier; determine deviation. differentially em; error expression. extracted grown known level low major manufacturer's may mediates members mock-infected over pathogenicity pathways. positive possibility pro-inflammatory probe pt;} quantitative recognition response. results several showed suggest suggests their then transfected warranted


{% include head.html %}
{% include header.html %}
{% include side-nav.html %}
{{ content }}
Have any feedback or questions?
Let us know
.
{% include javascript.html %}


Headteacher struck off for swindling school funds to pay for staff parties
A primary school headteacher who used school accounts to pay herself extra money has been struck off.
Wendy Rowlands also fiddled funds to splash out on a staff party with booze, a teachers’ trip to Chester and a hotel room without approval.
An Education Workforce Council panel heard Ms Rowlands wrote cheques to herself for being in charge of a playgroup at Ysgol Swn y Don, Old Colwyn, Wales.
She denied this but the committee found the allegation to be true and heard how she tried to hide her mismanagement from council auditors.
The disgraced teacher did own up to a number of other offences including spending money intended for pupils on the staff party – which was approved by school governors.
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The morale boosting trip to Chester – which governors did not approve – was also paid for with funds meant to benefit schoolchildren.
She was given the sack last year when an audit revealed failings in her financial management.
Her misspending is thought to have dated back to 2005, back when she was head at another school which merged to form Ysgol Swn y Don in 2015.
Ms Rowlands did not attend the hearing and argued her behaviour did not amount to unacceptable professional conduct.
The panel found she had acted dishonestly enough to hand her an order banning her from the teaching register.
She can make an application in two years to be considered for reinstatement.
Committee chairman Robert Newsome said they felt the punishment was necessary given how serious the offences were.
Got a story for Metro.co.uk?
Get in touch with our news team by emailing us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>For more stories like this, check our news page.


This is a template for a simple marketing or informational website. It includes a large callout called the hero unit and three supporting pieces of content. Use it as a starting point to create something more unique.
I'm in Section 1.
Howdy, I'm in Section 2.
Howdy, I'm in Section 3.
Howdy, I'm in Section 4.


Snakelets run inside a WebApp context (snakeserver.webapp.WebApp). You can get the current WebApp object by calling getWebApp() on the request or the snakelet object itself. You can then use the following methods from the webapp:
| Method | description |
|---|---|
| getName() | a tuple: (short name, full name). The short name is taken from the webapp directory it is in. Full name is specified in the webapp descriptor __init__.py file. |
| getVirtualHost() | a tuple (hostname, portnumber) of the 'virtual host' this webapp is running on. Does not take vhost aliasing in account; if you need the 'real' vhost and port that the request arrived on, use request.getServerName() . |
| isEnabled() | is the webapp enabled? (True or False) |
| setEnabled(enabled) | enable or disable this webapp |
| getFileSystemPath() | the filesystem path where the webapp's files are located |
| getDocRootPath() | the web document root, where the pages, images, etc are located |
| getContext() | webapp context (ContextContainer object). Scope: web app. shared for all users/requests |
| getURLprefix() | the URL prefix that is used for urls inside this webapp (example: "/shop/") This prefix includes the (optional) server-wide prefix. |
| getAssetprefix() | the asset base location as specified in the WebApp's config file. |
| mkUrl(path) mkUrl(path, arg="", params=[], htmlescape=True) |
create a correct URL based on the webapp's url prefix, and automatically html-escapes the resulting string so you can directly use it in your html output. arg (optional) can be given a string that should become the url 'arg'. params (optional) can be given a dict or a sequence that contains the name/values that should become the query params. By setting the optional htmlescape param to False, no escaping will be done (and the resulting string can no longer be directly used in html output because there is a risk of generating invalid html) |
| mkAssetUrl(path) mkAssetUrl(path, htmlescape=True) |
create a correct URL for the static asset (images, files etc) based on the asset base location. It automatically html-escapes the resulting string so you can directly use it in your html output. By setting the optional htmlescape param to False, no escaping will be done (and the resulting string can no longer be directly used in html output because there is a risk of generating invalid html) |
| getSnakelet(urlpattern) | returns the snakelet instance belonging to the given urlpattern (from the webapp init file) |
| getConfigItems() | the dictionary of all user config items |
| getConfigItem(item) | the value of a single user config item |
| serveStaticFile(filename, response, useResponseHeaders=False) | Use the server's internal code to serve a static file to the client.
This is useful in snakelets that return files (such as download controllers).
You can fool around with setting the correct headers, and reading/writing the file
efficiently to the response stream yourself, but it's usually much better to use this function instead.
The response object must not be used prior to this call. You cannot set custom HTTP headers,
but the required ones will be generated for you automatically (such as content-lenth).
The filename must be the absolute path to to file that must be served.
This must be the last action in your snakelet that generates output (the response's output must not be used at all)
The file serve loop is quite efficient and will use the sendfile system call if available.
The useResponseHeaders parameter tells the server if it should add the HTTP headers from the
request object (such as Cache-Control, Content-Disposition and other headers). Defaults to False.
|


--- layout: post title: OData and Messenger across the web date: 2010-05-06 17:55:34.000000000 +08:00 categories: - OData partners - OData tools tags: [] status: publish type: post published: true author: OData.org Archive ---
The Windows Live team recently started talking about the new version of Messenger, which will include a RESTful interface that supports OData.
This is a very exciting development for the OData ecosystem.
Read all about it here.


libcdx: Interfaces to the Channel Data Exchange (CDX) File Format
C++, Python, and Matlab library to exchange data for radio propagation channels
Class Hierarchy
Go to the textual class hierarchy
Generated on Fri Jan 12 2018 16:26:56 for libcdx: Interfaces to the Channel Data Exchange (CDX) File Format by
1.8.13


January 2, 2016
Django 1.9.1 fixes several bugs in 1.9.
BaseCache.get_or_set()
with the DummyCache
backend
(#25840).FormMixin
causing forms to be validated twice
(#25548, #26018).ArrayField
s (#25867).SeparateDatabaseAndState
operation
backwards (#25896).CommonMiddleware
causing If-None-Match
checks
to always return HTTP 200 (#25900).varchar/text_pattern_ops
index on CharField
and
TextField
respectively when using AlterField
on PostgreSQL
(#25412).from __future__ import unicode_literals
to the default apps.py
created by startapp
on Python 2 (#25909). Add this line to your
own apps.py
files created using Django 1.9 if you want your migrations
to work on both Python 2 and Python 3.QuerySet.delete()
from crashing on MySQL when querying across
relations (#25882).QuerySet.values()
(#25894).AlterModelManagers
operation
(#25852).TypedChoiceField
change detection with nullable fields
(#25942).data-admin-utc-offset
attribute in the body
tag.
(#25845).LANGUAGES
) (#25915).INSTALLED_APPS
setting,
behind AppRegistryNotReady
when starting runserver
(#25510).
This regression appeared in 1.8.5 as a side effect of fixing #24704
and by mistake the fix wasn’t applied to the stable/1.9.x
branch.migrate --fake-initial
detection of many-to-many tables
(#25922).list_editable
add and change
buttons (#25903).isnull
query lookup for ForeignObject
(#25972).<br>
(#25465).SingleObjectMixin.get_context_object_name()
(#26006).loaddata
skip disabling and enabling database constraints when it
doesn’t load any fixtures (#23372).contrib.auth
hashers compatibility with py-bcrypt
(#26016).QuerySet.values()/values_list()
after an annotate()
and order_by()
when values()/values_list()
includes a field not in
the order_by()
(#25316).Oct 01, 2019


{% if token is not none %}
Hi {{name}},
You recently requested to reset your password for your Neuroscout account. Use the token below to reset your password. This token is valid for 5 days.
{% else %}
|
Hello,
We received a request to reset the password of an account associated with this email address but no matching account could be found.
If you made this request, perhaps your account is associated with a different email address, or you still need to create an account?
{%endif %}
If you did not request a password reset, please ignore this email or contact support if you have questions.
Thanks,
The Neuroscout Team
|


#include <QueryPathTreeFilter.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
| StackEntry () | |
| void | addNode (const QueryPathNode *isn) |
| void | addChildren (const QueryPathNode *isn) |
Public Attributes | |
| xercesc::XMLBuffer | prefix |
| xercesc::XMLBuffer | uri |
| xercesc::XMLBuffer | localname |
| bool | matched |
| bool | nonElementChildren |
| bool | attrChildren |
| QPNVector | children |
| QueryPathTreeFilter::StackEntry::StackEntry | ( | ) | [inline] |
| void QueryPathTreeFilter::StackEntry::addChildren | ( | const QueryPathNode * | isn | ) |
| void QueryPathTreeFilter::StackEntry::addNode | ( | const QueryPathNode * | isn | ) |
| xercesc:: XMLBuffer QueryPathTreeFilter::StackEntry::localname |
| xercesc:: XMLBuffer QueryPathTreeFilter::StackEntry::prefix |
| xercesc:: XMLBuffer QueryPathTreeFilter::StackEntry::uri |


{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block title %}Create client{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Because Patreon currently doesn't support accessing other users' campaign information through a third party client, you must first create your own client on Patreon, and then connect it by entering the information below.
If you have an existing client already created for other purposes, you should still create a new client to use solely for site Patreon integration.
You only need to create one of these clients per Patreon creator account, because this single client will retrieve all capaign information for that account.
This is currently set up for admins to manage everything, but it should be possible to modify this package to allow individual users in a multi-user instance to manage their own clients without seeing each others' clients if necessary.
{% include 'patreon_client_form.html' %} {% endblock %}


SpongeBob’s Squidward is getting his own spinoff on Netflix
The Squidward spinoff is heading to Netflix
by Dean DaleyA new Squidward-starring project is coming to Netflix.
That’s right, SpongeBob SquarePants’ cranky next-door neighbour is getting his own music-based spinoff. It’s unclear if the no-pants-wearing squid will be featured in a movie or TV show, however.
Netflix and Nickelodeon recently announced a new deal where the two companies plan to work together to produce content that will stream on Netflix. The content is an extension of Nickelodeon’s pre-existing intellectual properties, like SpongeBob SquarePants.
Rodger Bumpass voices the grumpy clarinet player, but it’s unclear if he’ll make return for this new spinoff.
It’s also unclear when the Squidward project will hit Netflix. Personally, I’d would prefer a spinoff based on Sandra ‘Sandy’ Cheeks.
SpongeBob SquarePants premiered in 1999 and is somehow still ongoing. The sponge and his friends have already been in two movies — one I actually went to the theatres to see when I was 11 — with another coming out in 2020.
Source: The Verge


| Case | Template | Status in SPARCS | Additional Instruction |
|---|---|---|---|
| CLAIM REJECT: PA req/non-formulary initial attempt |
| SGM/NON-SGM PA PENDING | Pend out 2 business days. |
| CLAIM REJECT: PA req/non-formulary follow-up #1 | Detailed free-hand note | SGM/NON-SGM PA PENDING | Pend out 2 business days. |
| CLAIM REJECT: PA req/non-formulary follow-up #2
(FOR NON-SGM PA ONLY) |
Detailed free-hand note | CANCEL ENROLLMENT-PT AND MD AWARE | Choose: NO RESPONSE FROM MD. |
| CLAIM REJECT: PA req/non-formulary follow-up #2
(FOR SGM PA ONLY) | Detailed free-hand note | PENDING SGM PA | Keep on pending out for 2 business days until deicision is made. |
| CLAIM PAID: Copay is $25 or less |
|
VERIFIER COMPLETE or PRIOR AUTH COMPLETE |
Ship to arrive date: 5 business days out. |
|---|---|---|---|
| CLAIM PAID: CPA attempt #1 |
|
PENDING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE | Make sure to pend out 1 business day only. |
| CLAIM PAID: CPA attempt #2 |
|
VERIFIER COMPLETE
or PRIOR AUTH COMPLETE |
Ship to arrive date: 5 business days out. |
| CLAIM PAID: Patient denies CPA |
|
VERIFIER COMPLETE or PRIOR AUTH COMPLETE |
Make sure that the patient understands about CPA. | CLAIM PAID: Medicare or Medicaid plan. |
|
PENDING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE | Must acquire authorization from patient first. Fill out RCC Referral Form and email it to RCC. Pend out 2 business days. |
| Internal triage | Triage template | VERIFIER PENDING/FOLLOW-UP | Refer to this TheSource document: TSRC-PROD- 018036. Pend out 2 business days. |
|---|---|---|---|
| CANCEL: PA Denial | Denial template | CANCEL ENROLLMENT-PT AND MD AWARE | Choose: INSURANCE DENIED. |
| CANCEL: External triage | Detailed free-hand note | CANCEL ENROLLMENT-PT AND MD AWARE | Choose: TRIAGE-COMPETITOR. |
| CANCEL: Any other reason | Detailed free-hand note | CANCEL ENROLLMENT-PT AND MD AWARE | Choose closest option at your own discretion. |
Made by Kevin Song
Last updated: 3:46 PM 1/8/2020


Recipe 7.15. Pretty-Printing the Contents of Database CursorsCredit: Steve Holden, Farhad Fouladi, Rosendo Martinez, David Berry, Kevin Ryan ProblemYou want to present a query's result with appropriate column headers (and optionally widths), but you do not want to hard-code this information in your program. Indeed, you may not even know the column headers and widths at the time you're writing the code. SolutionDiscovering the column headers and widths dynamically is the most flexible approach, and it gives you code that's highly reusable over many such presentation tasks: def pp(cursor, data=None, check_row_lengths=False): if not data: data = cursor.fetchall( ) names = [ ] lengths = [ ] rules = [ ] for col, field_description in enumerate(cursor.description): field_name = field_description[0] names.append(field_name) field_length = field_description[2] or 12 field_length = max(field_length, len(field_name)) if check_row_lengths: # double-check field length, if it's unreliable data_length = max([ len(str(row[col])) for row in data ]) field_length = max(field_length, data_length) lengths.append(field_length) rules.append('-' * field_length) format = " ".join(["%%-%ss" % l for l in lengths]) result = [ format % tuple(names), format % tuple(rules) ] for row in data: result.append(format % tuple(row)) return "\n".join(result) DiscussionRelational databases are often perceived as difficult to use. The Python DB API can make them much easier to use, but if your programs work with several different DB engines, it's sometimes tedious to reconcile the implementation differences between the various modules, and, even more, between the engines they connect to. One of the problems of dealing with databases is presenting the result of a query when you may not know much about the data. This recipe uses the cursor's description attribute to try to provide appropriate headings. The recipe optionally examines each output row to ensure that column widths are adequate. In some cases, a cursor can yield a solid description of the data it returns, but not all database modules are kind enough to supply cursors that do so. The pretty printer function pp shown in this recipe's Solution takes as its first argument a cursor, on which you have just executed a retrieval operation (generally the execute of an SQL SELECT statement). It also takes an optional argument for the returned data; to use the data for other purposes, retrieve the data from the cursor, typically with fetchall, and pass it in as pp's data argument. The second optional argument tells the pretty printer to determine the column lengths from the data, rather than trusting the cursor's description; checking the data for column lengths can be time-consuming, but is helpful with some RDBMS engines and DB API module combinations, where the widths given by the cursor's description attribute can be inaccurate. A simple test program shows the value of the second optional argument when a Microsoft Jet database is used through the mxODBC module: import mx.ODBC.Windows as odbc import dbcp # contains pp function conn = odbc.connect("MyDSN") curs = conn.cursor( ) curs.execute("""SELECT Name, LinkText, Pageset FROM StdPage ORDER BY PageSet, Name""") rows = curs.fetchall( ) print "\n\nWithout rowlens:" print dbcp.pp(curs, rows) print "\n\nWith rowlens:" print dbcp.pp(curs, rows, rowlens=1) conn.close( ) In this case, the cursor's description does not include column lengths. The first output shows that the default column length of 12 is too short. The second output corrects this by examining the data: Without rowlens: Name LinkText Pageset ------------ ------------ ------------ ERROR ERROR: Cannot Locate Page None home Home None consult Consulting Activity Std ffx FactFaxer Std hardware Hardware Platforms Std python Python Std rates Rates Std technol Technologies Std wcb WebCallback Std With rowlens: Name LinkText Pageset ------------ ------------------------- ------------ ERROR ERROR: Cannot Locate Page None home Home None consult Consulting Activity Std ffx FactFaxer Std hardware Hardware Platforms Std python Python Std rates Rates Std technol Technologies Std wcb WebCallback Std Module pysqlite, which handles relational databases in memory or in files by wrapping the SQLite library, is another example of a DB API module whose cursors' descriptions do not contain reliable values for field lengths. Moreover, pysqlite does not return real tuples from such methods as fetchall: rather, it returns instances of a convenience class which wraps tuple and also allocws field access with attribute access syntax, much like the approaches presented in Recipe 7.14. To deal with such small variations from the DB API specifications, this recipe carefully uses tuple(row), not just row, as the right-hand operand of operator % in the statement result.append(format % tuple(row)). Python's semantics specify that if the right-hand operand is not a tuple, then the left-hand (format string) operand may contain only one format specifier. This recipe uses a tuple as the right-hand operand because the whole point of the recipe is to build and use a format string with many format specifiers, one per field. This recipe's function is useful during testing, since it lets you easily verify that you are indeed retrieving what you expect from the database. The output is pretty enough to display ad hoc query outputs to users. The function currently makes no attempt to represent null values other than the None the DB API returns, though it could easily be modified to show a null string or some other significant value. See AlsoThe mxODBC package, a DB API-compatible interface to ODBC (http://www.egenix.com/files/python/mxODBC.html); SQLite, a fast, lightweight embedded relational database (http://www.sqlite.org/), and its Python DB API interface module pysqlite (http://pysqlite.sourceforge.net/). |


Snake Reloaded
New High Score!!
Use [Arrow Keys] or [WASD]
Press [ENTER] to Start!
Level: 0
High Score:
FPS:
Length:
Snake Position:
Distance To Target:
Concentric Move Probability:
Possible Moves:
AI Move:


Photos, Videos: Russia, Turkey Complete 3rd Joint Patrol in Syria After Covering Over 65 Miles - MoD
The Turkish-Russian patrol was carried out within the memorandum on securing the situation in Syria's northeast in light of Ankara's offensive against Kurdish militants, signed on 22 October.
Russian military police and Turkey's border service have completed their third joint patrol after covering more than 65 miles.
"On 8 November, the third joint patrol of the Russian military police and Turkey's border service started work in a new border region, located several dozen kilometres to the northeast of Qamishli", the Russian Defence Ministry said in a statement.
The patrol travelled eastwards along Syria's border with Turkey.
"The joint patrol... covered a route of 105 kilometres in about four hours and completed its work returning to the starting point", the ministry said.
As many as 48 servicemen, driving eight armoured vehicles, took part in the operation, supervised by Russia's Orlan-10 drone.
Joint Russo-Turkish Patrols
Earlier, the Russian military and Turkish forces conducted joint patrols near the Syrian border city of Kobani, along the Syrian-Turkish border in al-Hasakah province, and in Syria's northeast. The first joint patrol was completed successfully on 1 November.
In October, within days of President Donald Trump's decision to withdraw the US military from north-eastern Syria, Turkey launched an operation against Kurdish forces, which Ankara designates as terrorists, and the Daesh* terrorist group in the area.
On 17 October, however, Vice President Mike Pence reached a deal with Turkish leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan on a five-day ceasefire. As the ceasefire came to an end, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Russia's Vladimir Putin reached a separate deal to pull the Kurdish fighters and their weapons out from the 18-mile safe zone within 150 hours and establish joint patrols in the operation area along the Turkish border.
*Daesh (also known as ISIS/ISIL/IS) is a terrorist group banned in Russia


OFF
Livingroom
HEATING SET TO:
-
18.0°C
+
Temperature now:
Manual
Schedule
Heating schedule
START:
END:
SETPOINT:
°C
OK
TIME:
OK
Split
Merge
Move
Average schedule temperature:
°C


Warehouse Keeper Rant:
You won't regret choosing the Iron Gate Guild! We safely deliver your cargo to its destination for the lowest price.
To claim you cargo, just speak with the keeper of any of our warehouses.
Quest


---
layout: stats
title: Maryland B (exhibition) Statistics
permalink: "/stats/teams/maryland-b-exhibition.html"
---
| Year |
Team |
Status |
Finish |
W-L |
PPG |
PAPG |
Margin |
TU/G |
N/G |
BHrd |
BPts |
PPB |
| 2008 |
Maryland B (exhibition) |
|
NA |
5-7 |
121.2 |
154.2 |
-33 |
6.42 |
1.08 |
77 |
750 |
9.74 |
ACF Nationals 2008
| Year |
Round |
Team |
Opponent |
Result |
Score |
10 |
-5 |
PPB |
Packet |
| 2008 |
1 (Prelims) |
Maryland B (exhibition) |
Dartmouth A |
Loss |
45 - 260 |
3 |
1 |
6.67 |
No Packet Recorded |
| 2008 |
2 (Prelims) |
Maryland B (exhibition) |
Harvard B |
Win |
155 - 85 |
6 |
1 |
16.67 |
No Packet Recorded |
| 2008 |
3 (Prelims) |
Maryland B (exhibition) |
Chicago A |
Loss |
125 - 310 |
7 |
1 |
8.57 |
No Packet Recorded |
| 2008 |
5 (Prelims) |
Maryland B (exhibition) |
Harvard A |
Loss |
75 - 210 |
5 |
1 |
6.00 |
No Packet Recorded |
| 2008 |
6 (Prelims) |
Maryland B (exhibition) |
Vanderbilt |
Loss |
90 - 230 |
4 |
2 |
15.00 |
No Packet Recorded |
| 2008 |
7 (Prelims) |
Maryland B (exhibition) |
UC-Irvine |
Loss |
120 - 240 |
6 |
2 |
11.67 |
No Packet Recorded |
| 2008 |
8 (Playoffs) |
Maryland B (exhibition) |
Dartmouth B |
Win |
120 - 10 |
7 |
0 |
7.14 |
No Packet Recorded |
| 2008 |
9 (Playoffs) |
Maryland B (exhibition) |
VCU A |
Win |
240 - 120 |
11 |
0 |
11.82 |
No Packet Recorded |
| 2008 |
10 (Playoffs) |
Maryland B (exhibition) |
Florida State |
Loss |
125 - 140 |
8 |
1 |
6.25 |
No Packet Recorded |
| 2008 |
11 (Playoffs) |
Maryland B (exhibition) |
Harvard B |
Loss |
70 - 125 |
4 |
2 |
10.00 |
No Packet Recorded |
| 2008 |
12 (Playoffs) |
Maryland B (exhibition) |
Chicago B |
Win |
135 - 115 |
6 |
1 |
13.33 |
No Packet Recorded |
| 2008 |
14 (Playoffs) |
Maryland B (exhibition) |
Brandeis |
Win |
155 - 5 |
10 |
1 |
6.00 |
No Packet Recorded |


|
PX4 Firmware
PX4 Autopilot Software http://px4.io
|
Driver for the LPS25H barometer connected via I2C or SPI. More...
#include <px4_config.h>
#include <drivers/device/i2c.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <nuttx/arch.h>
#include <nuttx/wqueue.h>
#include <nuttx/clock.h>
#include <board_config.h>
#include <perf/perf_counter.h>
#include <systemlib/err.h>
#include <drivers/drv_baro.h>
#include <drivers/drv_hrt.h>
#include <drivers/device/ringbuffer.h>
#include <drivers/drv_device.h>
#include <uORB/uORB.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include "lps25h.h"
Go to the source code of this file.
Classes | |
| class | LPS25H |
| struct | lps25h::lps25h_bus_option |
Namespaces | |
| lps25h | |
| Local functions in support of the shell command. | |
Enumerations | |
| enum | LPS25H_BUS { LPS25H_BUS_ALL = 0, LPS25H_BUS_I2C_INTERNAL, LPS25H_BUS_I2C_EXTERNAL, LPS25H_BUS_SPI } |
Functions | |
| __EXPORT int | lps25h_main (int argc, char *argv[]) |
| void | lps25h::start (enum LPS25H_BUS busid) |
| Start the driver. More... | |
| bool | lps25h::start_bus (struct lps25h_bus_option &bus) |
| start driver for a specific bus option More... | |
| struct lps25h_bus_option & | lps25h::find_bus (enum LPS25H_BUS busid) |
| find a bus structure for a busid More... | |
| void | lps25h::test (enum LPS25H_BUS busid) |
| Perform some basic functional tests on the driver; make sure we can collect data from the sensor in polled and automatic modes. More... | |
| void | lps25h::reset (enum LPS25H_BUS busid) |
| Reset the driver. More... | |
| void | lps25h::info () |
| Print a little info about the driver. More... | |
| void | lps25h::usage () |
| Prints info about the driver argument usage. More... | |
Variables | |
| struct lps25h::lps25h_bus_option | lps25h::bus_options [] |
Driver for the LPS25H barometer connected via I2C or SPI.
Definition in file lps25h.cpp.
| #define ADDR_CTRL_REG1 0x20 |
Definition at line 90 of file lps25h.cpp.
Referenced by LPS25H::reset(), LIS3MDL::set_default_register_values(), and LIS3MDL::set_excitement().
| #define ADDR_CTRL_REG2 0x21 |
Definition at line 91 of file lps25h.cpp.
Referenced by LPS25H::measure(), LPS25H::reset(), LIS3MDL::set_default_register_values(), and LIS3MDL::set_range().
| #define ADDR_CTRL_REG3 0x22 |
Definition at line 92 of file lps25h.cpp.
Referenced by LIS3MDL::measure(), and LIS3MDL::set_default_register_values().
| #define ADDR_CTRL_REG4 0x23 |
Definition at line 93 of file lps25h.cpp.
Referenced by LIS3MDL::set_default_register_values().
| #define ADDR_FIFO_CTRL 0x2E |
Definition at line 104 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define ADDR_FIFO_STATUS 0x2F |
Definition at line 105 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define ADDR_INT_CFG 0x24 |
Definition at line 94 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define ADDR_INT_SOURCE 0x25 |
Definition at line 95 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define ADDR_P_OUT_H 0x2A |
Definition at line 100 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define ADDR_P_OUT_L 0x29 |
Definition at line 99 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define ADDR_P_OUT_XL 0x28 |
Definition at line 98 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define ADDR_REF_P_H 0x0A |
Definition at line 87 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define ADDR_REF_P_L 0x09 |
Definition at line 86 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define ADDR_REF_P_XL 0x08 |
Definition at line 85 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define ADDR_RES_CONF 0x10 |
Definition at line 89 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define ADDR_RPDS_H 0x3A |
Definition at line 110 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define ADDR_RPDS_L 0x39 |
Definition at line 109 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define ADDR_STATUS_REG 0x27 |
Definition at line 97 of file lps25h.cpp.
Referenced by LPS25H::collect().
| #define ADDR_TEMP_OUT_H 0x2C |
Definition at line 102 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define ADDR_TEMP_OUT_L 0x2B |
Definition at line 101 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define ADDR_THS_P_H 0x31 |
Definition at line 107 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define ADDR_THS_P_L 0x30 |
Definition at line 106 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define ADDR_WHO_AM_I 0x0F |
Definition at line 88 of file lps25h.cpp.
Referenced by LPS25H_I2C::probe().
| #define CTRL_REG1_BDU (1 << 2) |
Definition at line 124 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG1_DIFF_EN (1 << 3) |
Definition at line 125 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG1_ODR_12HZ5 (3 << 4) |
Definition at line 130 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG1_ODR_1HZ (1 << 4) |
Definition at line 128 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG1_ODR_25HZ (4 << 4) |
Definition at line 131 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG1_ODR_7HZ (2 << 4) |
Definition at line 129 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG1_ODR_SINGLE (0 << 4) |
Definition at line 127 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG1_PD (1 << 7) |
Definition at line 126 of file lps25h.cpp.
Referenced by LPS25H::reset().
| #define CTRL_REG1_RESET_AZ (1 << 1) |
Definition at line 123 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG1_SIM (1 << 0) |
Definition at line 122 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG2_AUTO_ZERO (1 << 1) |
Definition at line 134 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG2_BOOT (1 << 7) |
Definition at line 139 of file lps25h.cpp.
Referenced by LPS25H::reset().
| #define CTRL_REG2_FIFO_EN (1 << 6) |
Definition at line 138 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG2_FIFO_MEAN_DEC (1 << 4) |
Definition at line 136 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG2_ONE_SHOT (1 << 0) |
Definition at line 133 of file lps25h.cpp.
Referenced by LPS25H::measure().
| #define CTRL_REG2_SWRESET (1 << 2) |
Definition at line 135 of file lps25h.cpp.
Referenced by LPS25H::reset().
| #define CTRL_REG2_WTM_EN (1 << 5) |
Definition at line 137 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG3_INT1_S_DATA 0x0 |
Definition at line 141 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG3_INT1_S_P_HIGH 0x1 |
Definition at line 142 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG3_INT1_S_P_LIM 0x3 |
Definition at line 144 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG3_INT1_S_P_LOW 0x2 |
Definition at line 143 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG3_INT_H_L (1 << 7) |
Definition at line 146 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG3_PP_OD (1 << 6) |
Definition at line 145 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG4_P1_DRDY (1 << 0) |
Definition at line 148 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG4_P1_EMPTY (1 << 3) |
Definition at line 151 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG4_P1_OVERRUN (1 << 1) |
Definition at line 149 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define CTRL_REG4_P1_WTM (1 << 2) |
Definition at line 150 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define FIFO_CTRL_F_MODE_BFIFO (0x7 << 5) |
Definition at line 177 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define FIFO_CTRL_F_MODE_BSTRM (0x4 << 5) |
Definition at line 175 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define FIFO_CTRL_F_MODE_BYPASS (0x0 << 5) |
Definition at line 171 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define FIFO_CTRL_F_MODE_FIFO (0x1 << 5) |
Definition at line 172 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define FIFO_CTRL_F_MODE_FMEAN (0x6 << 5) |
Definition at line 176 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define FIFO_CTRL_F_MODE_SFIFO (0x3 << 5) |
Definition at line 174 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define FIFO_CTRL_F_MODE_STREAM (0x2 << 5) |
Definition at line 173 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define FIFO_CTRL_WTM_FMEAN_16 0x0F |
Definition at line 169 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define FIFO_CTRL_WTM_FMEAN_2 0x01 |
Definition at line 166 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define FIFO_CTRL_WTM_FMEAN_32 0x1F |
Definition at line 170 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define FIFO_CTRL_WTM_FMEAN_4 0x03 |
Definition at line 167 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define FIFO_CTRL_WTM_FMEAN_8 0x07 |
Definition at line 168 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define FIFO_STATUS_EMPTY (1 << 5) |
Definition at line 179 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define FIFO_STATUS_FULL (1 << 6) |
Definition at line 180 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define FIFO_STATUS_WTM (1 << 7) |
Definition at line 181 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define INT_SOURCE_IA (1 << 2) |
Definition at line 159 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define INT_SOURCE_PH (1 << 0) |
Definition at line 157 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define INT_SOURCE_PL (1 << 1) |
Definition at line 158 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define INTERRUPT_CFG_LIR (1 << 2) |
Definition at line 155 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define INTERRUPT_CFG_PH_E (1 << 0) |
Definition at line 153 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define INTERRUPT_CFG_PL_E (1 << 1) |
Definition at line 154 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define LPS25H_CONVERSION_INTERVAL (1000000 / 25) /* microseconds */ |
Definition at line 83 of file lps25h.cpp.
Referenced by LPS25H::cycle(), LPS25H::ioctl(), and LPS25H::read().
| #define NUM_BUS_OPTIONS (sizeof(bus_options)/sizeof(bus_options[0])) |
Definition at line 791 of file lps25h.cpp.
Referenced by lps25h::find_bus(), lps25h::info(), and lps25h::start().
| #define RES_CONF_AVGP_128 0x08 |
Definition at line 119 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define RES_CONF_AVGP_32 0x04 |
Definition at line 118 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define RES_CONF_AVGP_512 0x0C |
Definition at line 120 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define RES_CONF_AVGP_8 0x00 |
Definition at line 117 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define RES_CONF_AVGT_128 0x02 |
Definition at line 115 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define RES_CONF_AVGT_32 0x01 |
Definition at line 114 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define RES_CONF_AVGT_512 0x03 |
Definition at line 116 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define RES_CONF_AVGT_8 0x00 |
Definition at line 113 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define STATUS_REG_P_DA (1 << 1) |
Definition at line 162 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define STATUS_REG_P_OR (1 << 5) |
Definition at line 164 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define STATUS_REG_T_DA (1 << 0) |
Definition at line 161 of file lps25h.cpp.
| #define STATUS_REG_T_OR (1 << 4) |
Definition at line 163 of file lps25h.cpp.
| enum LPS25H_BUS |
| Enumerator | |
|---|---|
| LPS25H_BUS_ALL | |
| LPS25H_BUS_I2C_INTERNAL | |
| LPS25H_BUS_I2C_EXTERNAL | |
| LPS25H_BUS_SPI |
Definition at line 183 of file lps25h.cpp.
| int lps25h_main | ( | int | argc, |
| char * | argv[] | ||
| ) |
Definition at line 1016 of file lps25h.cpp.
References errx, lps25h::info(), LPS25H_BUS_ALL, LPS25H_BUS_I2C_EXTERNAL, LPS25H_BUS_I2C_INTERNAL, LPS25H_BUS_SPI, lps25h::reset(), lps25h::start(), lps25h::test(), and lps25h::usage().


| I l@ve RuBoard |
9.4 The whatsound Module(Obsolete) The whatsound module is an alias for sndhdr. It is used in Example 9-3. Example 9-3. Using the whatsound ModuleFile: whatsound-example-1.py import whatsound # same as sndhdr result = whatsound.what("samples/sample.wav") if result: print "file format:", result else: print "cannot identify file" file format: ('wav', 44100, 1, -1, 16) |
| I l@ve RuBoard |


A Handheld or a portable device is created.The device is capable of measuring CO , H, CH4, H2S levels from the atmosphere. The device sends data to a central node outside of the mine or above the surface of the mine via radio communication. Data is then stored in a real time database such as firebase. Data is also made available in real time to the rescuer.The device is also equipped with a gps if necessary. The data received from the device is then analyzed and used to pinpoint the location of the trapped miner and also predict his survival rate over a period of time. An iOS ,android and or web app/windows app is used to create an interface to obtain andanalyze such a data.


--- layout: post title: Get up at half past four categories: [education] tags: [habit] ---
I've always planned to get up at half past four. Today, I wake up at 4:24 and after a short refresh, I get up at 4:30.
This idea is inspired by 中島孝志《朝4時起きの仕事術―誰も知らない「朝いちばん」活用法》1（4 點起床：最養生和高效的時間管理）2. Thus in fact I get up half hour later than 4:00.
Anyway, after I wash up myself, there are more than two hours left for me to make use of. During this time, I can read books, schedule my day plan, write blogs, study languages, water my plants or cook breakfast for my wife and daughter.
Yesterday, when I was in the shuttle bus back home, I was wondering that I cannot find enough time to learn German and French. Because I get office at 8:30, have lunch at 12:00 for half hour, and continue work at 12:30, then leave office at 17:05. When I'm back to home, I should drive to our parents' to have supper. And after that we play with Vivi until 20:30 when Vivi fall sleep. Then we have one or two hours free, but very tired. It is not a good idea to use brain exhaustedly just before sleep.
So what? 2 hours in the morning(5:00~7:00) is the gold time learning and creative activities.
BTW: It takes 40 minutes(5:00~5:40) for me to write this article. Inefficient!


public class BookAdapter extends android.widget.ArrayAdapter<Book>
ArrayAdapter
class specialized for a database of Book
s to be owned, borrowed,
requested, or simply displayed.
Much of this class had to be deprecated due to idiosyncrasies with the way async databases work.
ArrayAdapter
,
BaseAdapter
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
static class |
BookAdapter.CompareBookBy
A class used to compare two books by their title, author, or ISBN.
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
BookAdapter(android.content.Context context,
java.util.ArrayList<Book> filteredBooks)
Construct a view of all books in the system.
|
BookAdapter(android.content.Context context,
java.util.ArrayList<Book> filteredBooks,
ca.ualberta.cmput301f20t04.bookatmenow.BookAdapter.ViewMode viewMode,
java.lang.String uuid)
Construct a view of books that a user owns, has borrowed, or has requested to borrow.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static boolean |
checkUser(Book book,
java.lang.String uuid,
ca.ualberta.cmput301f20t04.bookatmenow.BookAdapter.ViewMode viewMode,
java.util.List<java.lang.String> filter)
A helper method checking the given book to ensure that it should be displayed in the
adapter's current view mode.
|
void |
delete(int position)
Delete a book from the filtered list of books.
|
void |
filter(Book.StatusEnum statusEnum)
Deprecated.
|
long |
getItemId(int position)
Deprecated.
|
android.view.View |
getView(int position,
android.view.View convertView,
android.view.ViewGroup parent)
A required method from
ArrayAdapter for displaying an element of the
internal list at a given position. |
void |
sort(BookAdapter.CompareBookBy.SortOption option)
Sort the internal list based on a given
BookAdapter.CompareBookBy.SortOption . |
add, addAll, addAll, clear, createFromResource, getAutofillOptions, getContext, getCount, getDropDownView, getDropDownViewTheme, getFilter, getItem, getPosition, insert, notifyDataSetChanged, remove, setDropDownViewResource, setDropDownViewTheme, setNotifyOnChange, sort
areAllItemsEnabled, getItemViewType, getViewTypeCount, hasStableIds, isEmpty, isEnabled, notifyDataSetInvalidated, registerDataSetObserver, setAutofillOptions, unregisterDataSetObserver
public BookAdapter(android.content.Context context, java.util.ArrayList<Book> filteredBooks)
context
- The context of the calling activity, used to display objects on the screenpublic BookAdapter(android.content.Context context, java.util.ArrayList<Book> filteredBooks, @NonNull ca.ualberta.cmput301f20t04.bookatmenow.BookAdapter.ViewMode viewMode, @Nullable java.lang.String uuid)
context
- The context of the calling activity, used to display objects on the screenviewMode
- The "view mode" of this list of books - indicates how many books in the system need to
be displayed and re-displayed after filteringuuid
- The UUID of the user whose books are being displayedpublic static boolean checkUser(Book book, java.lang.String uuid, ca.ualberta.cmput301f20t04.bookatmenow.BookAdapter.ViewMode viewMode, java.util.List<java.lang.String> filter)
book
- The current book to check@NonNull public android.view.View getView(int position, android.view.View convertView, @NonNull android.view.ViewGroup parent)
ArrayAdapter
for displaying an element of the
internal list at a given position.getView
in interface android.widget.Adapter
getView
in class android.widget.ArrayAdapter<Book>
position
- The position of the element to display from the internal listconvertView
- The external View
in which to display the element's dataparent
- The ViewGroup
containing the elements of the ListView
View
, converted into a row of the internal listpublic long getItemId(int position)
BaseAdapter
for getting a unique identifying
long value from an element of the internal list at a given position. In this case, the ISBN
of a book can be used, as a 64-bit long can represent up to 19 digits, while an ISBN has at
most 13 digits.
Deprecated due to due to idiosyncrasies with the way async databases work.
getItemId
in interface android.widget.Adapter
getItemId
in class android.widget.ArrayAdapter<Book>
position
- The position in the internal filtered list from which to get a unique feature of the
elementpublic void sort(BookAdapter.CompareBookBy.SortOption option)
BookAdapter.CompareBookBy.SortOption
.option
- The book's value to be prioritized while sortingBookAdapter.CompareBookBy
public void filter(@Nullable Book.StatusEnum statusEnum)
statusEnum
- The status to filter bypublic void delete(int position)
position
- the position in the filtered list at which a book must be deleted


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RECORD MAGNET BTS V’S VLIVE BECOMES THE FIRST & FASTEST SOLO VLIVE TO REACH 300M VIEWS of 2019
by ThisKpopismyreliBTS V has created a buzz in KPOP verse by adding one more record to his record breaking streak and setting standards for others to follow. It hasn’t been a month since V set a record for fastest 200M views on VLIVE in 2019 till date, he seem to have maintained his crown by already breaking another record for becoming First and Fastest 300M views on solo VLIVE in 2019 and fastest till date.
The Vlive reached the mark in almost 4 months (146 days).
The Vlive titled “오랜만이에요” which means “Long time no see”,since V makes very rare VLIVE appearances, already bears following titles:
- Fastest Solo Vlive to reach 200 M views
- Fastest Solo Vlive to reach 1B hearts 2019
- Charting since 4 months of broadcast
- Voted as #1 video on Vpick weekly poll
- Only Vlive that remains 2 consecutive monthly chart champion
V's Vlive look has also been dubbed as "Perfect Boyfriend look" by Netizens.
The only Vlive that comes close to V’s is BTS’s another member Jungkook’s from April, which is currently at 294.7M
Being one of the most loved Idol, V has a penchant for being talk of the town for one reason or another. With the amount of titles and records he bags, no doubt V has become “Record Setting Magnet”.
Watch the full video here: https://www.vlive.tv/video/133...


--- layout: post title: Costume sketches date: '2014-06-07T07:30:59+02:00' categories: - Costumes - Sketchbooks picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/88073147212/costume-Sketches ---
Costume Sketches for an Illustration.


 Peter is visited by his mother's butler and his daughter. They offer to clean the house in order to sell it. Peter realizes that maybe the butler and his daughter have a hidden agenda. | |
| Genres: | Thriller |
| Director: | César Caro Cruz |
| Writer: | César Caro Cruz |
Cast: | Jeffrey - Fernando Vinocour Peter - Abelardo Vladich Rosa - Adriana Víquez Erasmo - Luis Borge |


WebSocket
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WebSocketBase
http
WebSocketVersion
http
WriteStream
streams
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websocketHandler
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write
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Soccer Camp
July 20-24 9am-3pm
Ages 5-14
@ Mirasol Park
Arsenal FC offers players a
unique look into how to train
the Arsenal Way.


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