A full SED-Fitting example¶
This tutorial goes through the things that need to be done to fit the observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies. This is different from SED fitting codes that use a sampler while fitting to create their posteriors, in the sense that we pre-sample the prior volume prior to fitting, trading space for time complexity. This results in a moderately lengthy initialization period where the method generates an atlas of parameters drawn from the priors and SEDs corresponding to these parameters with a user-specified filter-set, which can then be used to fit any number of SEDs in an extremely short amount of time. (Further iterations of the code are also planned to include variants with live samplers for edge-cases and objects with pathological likelihood surfaces.)
The atlas essentially provides a coarse mapping from the galaxy’s stellar population parameters (stellar mass, SFR, star formation history, dust attenuation, metallicity, and redshift) to their corresponding SEDs.
Instantiate the module, making sure you have all the prerequisite packages (especially python-fsps and george) installed. Don’t worry if the initial import takes a few minutes, because it’s initializing its FSPS backend.
If you need to change any of the FSPS parameters, do so using db.mocksp.params['key'] = value
, consulting the python-fsps API for reference.
[1]:
import numpy as np
import dense_basis as db
Starting dense_basis. please wait ~ a minute for the FSPS backend to initialize.
Initialized stellar population with FSPS.
Prerequisites to fitting:¶
If you’re fitting photometry, put your photometric filter transmission curves in a folder somewhere and make a list of filter curves with the paths to each filter. You’ll need to pass filter_list
and filt_dir
as arguments to the code to generate SEDs corresponding to a given parameter set.
The db.plot_filterset()
function can be used to visualize the set of filter curves used to make SEDs. Let’s load a filter list corresponding to the CANDELS GOODS-South photometric catalog for now:
[2]:
filter_list = 'filter_list_goodss.dat'
filt_dir = 'internal' # path to directory containing filter list
db.plot_filterset(filter_list = filter_list, filt_dir = filt_dir)
1. Instantiate a Priors() object¶
The next step is to generate a template atlas that you will use for fitting. The advantage of doing this is that we trade time-complexity for space, which is usually much more abundant, and it only needs to be done once to fit a large dataset. Before doing this, however, we need a set of priors that we can draw from to generate this atlas. This is done using the db.Priors()
class:
[4]:
priors = db.Priors()
priors.tx_alpha = 3.0
priors.plot_prior_distributions()
2. Generate an atlas of parameters drawn from the prior and their corresponding SEDs.¶
Now we can use the priors object to generate the atlas. The important arguments here are the size of the atlas (N_pregrid
), which samples from the overall multidimensional prior distributions, and the number of SFH parameters (priors.Nparam
). The generated atlas is then stored in a local /pregrids
folder with the user-specified fname within the current working directory. Please specify a different path using the path
argument if you would like it to be stored in a different
place. The first few SEDs take time to compute because every time FSPS encounters a new metallicity value it needs to load a grid into memory. This happens only once, and when it is done, the atlas generation process speeds up considerably.
[4]:
fname = 'test_atlas'
N_pregrid = 1000
priors.Nparam = 3
db.generate_atlas(N_pregrid = N_pregrid,
priors = priors,
fname = fname, store=True,
filter_list = filter_list, filt_dir = filt_dir)
100%|██████████| 23/23 [00:01<00:00, 18.21it/s]
100%|██████████| 1000/1000 [04:14<00:00, 3.93it/s]
Created directory and saved atlas at : pregrids/test_atlas_1000_Nparam_3.mat
3. Generate a mock SED to be fit.¶
To illustrate the SED fitting procedure, let’s generate a mock star formation history (SFH) to recover. This can be done by sampling our priors for an SFH-tuple and then converting it to a SFR-vs-time curve using the db.tuple_to_sfh()
command. We can then generate its corresponding spectrum, and multiply the spectrum with our prespecified filter-set to get the corresponding SED.
[5]:
# sample from the prior space to get parameters
rand_sfh_tuple, rand_Z, rand_Av, rand_z = priors.sample_all_params_safesSFR(random_seed = 24)
# generate an SFH corresponding to the SFH-tuple and see how it looks:
rand_sfh, rand_time = db.tuple_to_sfh(rand_sfh_tuple, zval = rand_z)
fig = db.plot_sfh(rand_time, rand_sfh, lookback=True)
sfh_truths = [rand_time, rand_sfh]
# generate a corresponding spectrum and multiply by filter curves to get the SED:
_, sfr_true, mstar_true = db.make_spec(rand_sfh_tuple, rand_Z, rand_Av, rand_z, return_ms = True)
rand_spec, rand_lam = db.make_spec(rand_sfh_tuple, rand_Z, rand_Av, rand_z, return_lam = True)
obs_sed = db.calc_fnu_sed(rand_spec, rand_z, rand_lam, fkit_name = filter_list, filt_dir = filt_dir)
obs_err = obs_sed * 0.1 # S/N of 10
sed_truths = (mstar_true, sfr_true, rand_sfh_tuple[3:], rand_Z, rand_Av, rand_z)
sed_truths = np.hstack(sed_truths)
SED fitting with the dense_basis package:¶
4. Load the previously generated atlas:¶
Step 2 is extremely beneficial in fitting large datasets, since the atlas needs to be generated only once and can be used for fitting as many SEDs as needed using the brute-force Bayesian approach. Having generated this dataset, now an arbitrary SED (obs_sed
, and its errors obs_err
) can be fit using the previously generated atlas. If you are interested in seeing how the fits change with a much more finely sampled atlas, try using the precomputed atlas with N_pregrid = 300000
(I can
not include bigger files due to Github’s size limitations, but will try to do so on PyPI at a later date).
[6]:
# if you want to see how the fits look with a bigger atlas, try this precomputed one:
fname = 'test_atlas'
N_pregrid = 300000
priors.Nparam = 3
path = 'internal'
# if instead you would like to use the atlas you just generated, comment the above and instead use:
# fname = 'test_atlas'
# N_pregrid = 1000
# priors.Nparam = 3
# path = 'pregrids/'
[7]:
# load the atlas
#pg_sfhs, pg_Z, pg_Av, pg_z, pg_seds, norm_method = db.load_atlas(fname, N_pregrid, priors.Nparam)
pg_sfhs, pg_Z, pg_Av, pg_z, pg_seds, norm_method = db.load_atlas(fname, N_pregrid = N_pregrid, N_param = priors.Nparam, path = path)
pg_theta = [pg_sfhs, pg_Z, pg_Av, pg_z, pg_seds]
# pass the atlas and the observed SED into the fitter,
# fit params returns the median and 1-sigma values for the parameters being fit
fit_params = db.fit_sed_pregrid(obs_sed, obs_err, pg_theta, norm_method=norm_method)
5. Fit the SED and visualize the parameter posteriors:¶
If we are interested in the full posteriors of the fit, this can be visualized by making the fitter return the chi2 array and then computing the full posteriors as prior*likelihood. Let’s see how it compares to the truth:
[8]:
%timeit db.fit_sed_pregrid(obs_sed, obs_err, pg_theta, return_val = 'chi2', norm_method=norm_method)
66.2 ms ± 364 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
[11]:
60/(66e-3)
[11]:
909.090909090909
[8]:
chi2_array = db.fit_sed_pregrid(obs_sed, obs_err,
pg_theta, return_val = 'chi2', norm_method=norm_method)
# plot parameter posteriors:
db.plot_posteriors(chi2_array, obs_sed, pg_theta, truths = sed_truths)
6. Visualize the SFH posterior:¶
Finally, we can also plot the posterior SFH and see how it compares to the true SFH:
[9]:
db.plot_SFH_posterior(chi2_array, obs_sed, pg_theta,
truths = sfh_truths, sfh_threshold = 0.9)


Please fill in this with references to code.
InvExistsNonZero
, the type of proofs that non zero elements of a field have multiplicative inverses.IsModGrp
is the type of proofs that non zero elements of a field form a group over multiplication.IsField
is the type of proofs that a given type with “additions” and “multiplication” appropriately defined on them form a field.HasFiniteOrder
proving that an element is finitely generated.
Have to further work on it once primes have been defined with the appropriate properties.IsPrime
and IsComposite
types are the types of proofs that a number is prime or composite respectively.twoPr
shows that two is a prime to verify the functioning of the IsPrime
type.notBothPrimeandComp
, which utilises a helper function aNotEqToMultA
(a not equal to na, where n is greater than 1).genFact
generates a list of factors of a number along with the proof that they are factors.isPrimeCalc
and isCompositeCalc
check for primality of a number computationally.genFact
function mentioned earlier.genFact
list.
commit 2846bef2c91decaeea6e1a101a384495ab04675e
Author: Sidharth Soundararajan
AuthorDate: Mon Feb 25 18:32:10 2019 +0530
Commit: Sidharth Soundararajan
CommitDate: Mon Feb 25 18:32:10 2019 +0530
Update sideart.md
_reports/sideart/sideart.md | 28 +++++++++++++++-------------
1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
commit dbd83a440bcfce34a3ab346802aef2ffc65e4572
Author: Sidharth Soundararajan
AuthorDate: Sun Feb 24 20:54:48 2019 +0530
Commit: Sidharth Soundararajan
CommitDate: Sun Feb 24 20:54:48 2019 +0530
added more functions to primes, created lists file
Code/Lists.idr | 9 +++++++++
Code/Primes.idr | 24 +++++++++++++++++++++---
_reports/sideart/sideart.md | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
3 files changed, 60 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
commit 29b47f98a3703fe20f078ee1361e69403d36a4de
Author: Sidharth Soundararajan
AuthorDate: Sun Feb 24 15:31:26 2019 +0530
Commit: Sidharth Soundararajan
CommitDate: Sun Feb 24 15:31:26 2019 +0530
Update NatUtils.idr
Code/NatUtils.idr | 2 ++
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
commit 9c94ff6b87b827f723788dce5df6a88291564ec2
Author: Sidharth Soundararajan
AuthorDate: Sun Feb 24 03:20:38 2019 +0530
Commit: Sidharth Soundararajan
CommitDate: Sun Feb 24 03:20:38 2019 +0530
redefined primes
redefined primes (removed them as data type), and created functions to show that a number cannot be both prime and composite
Code/Primes.idr | 20 ++++++++++++++++----
1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
commit 60967574f5ae4141f78ea4ee5ffa7edda3129583
Author: Sidharth Soundararajan
AuthorDate: Sun Feb 24 01:08:15 2019 +0530
Commit: Sidharth Soundararajan
CommitDate: Sun Feb 24 01:08:15 2019 +0530
corrected primes
Code/Group.idr | 1 -
Code/NatUtils.idr | 9 +++++++
Code/Primes.idr | 71 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
3 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
commit cd372cc4b8af243ff69a02816aaabcb527410623
Author: Sidharth Soundararajan
AuthorDate: Sat Feb 23 14:17:55 2019 +0530
Commit: Sidharth Soundararajan
CommitDate: Sat Feb 23 14:17:55 2019 +0530
Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/siddhartha-gadgil/LTS2019
Code/Graph_alt.idr | 45 +++++++++
Group.CosetRep.idr => Code/Group.CosetRep.idr | 13 ++-
Code/Group.FiniteGenerate.idr | 4 +-
Code/NatOrder.idr | 139 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Code/NatUtils.idr | 15 ++-
Code/Primes.idr | 72 ++++---------
Code/fn_to_vect.idr | 74 ++++++++++++++
_reports/adithya/gitlog | 109 ++++++++++++++++++++
_reports/arka/gitlog | 44 ++++++++
_reports/chinmaya/gitlog | 79 +++++++++++++++
_reports/nabarun/gitlog | 33 ++++++
_reports/ss/gitlog | 47 +++++++++
12 files changed, 607 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-)
commit 56ffb1128840ea38549d4e6791bda9befcc78e43
Author: Sidharth Soundararajan
AuthorDate: Fri Feb 22 15:07:14 2019 +0530
Commit: Sidharth Soundararajan
CommitDate: Fri Feb 22 15:07:14 2019 +0530
have to clean the code
Code/Primes.idr | 42 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
commit 677a7bddcc9cc810ea419fcae5b794cb39f14483
Author: Sidharth Soundararajan
AuthorDate: Wed Feb 20 20:45:10 2019 +0530
Commit: Sidharth Soundararajan
CommitDate: Wed Feb 20 20:45:10 2019 +0530
Update Primes.idr
Code/Primes.idr | 21 ++++++++++++++++++---
1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
commit 804e287d355333a5dcf32c942cefa3c16f7ac50d
Author: Sidharth Soundararajan
AuthorDate: Wed Feb 20 16:19:38 2019 +0530
Commit: Sidharth Soundararajan
CommitDate: Wed Feb 20 16:19:38 2019 +0530
create list with factors of numbers and check if number is prime
Code/Primes.idr | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------
1 file changed, 24 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
commit 044be5279e8bd8dfb4325f4e13d4d2e66136c7a2
Author: Sidharth Soundararajan
AuthorDate: Thu Feb 14 16:55:52 2019 +0530
Commit: Sidharth Soundararajan
CommitDate: Thu Feb 14 16:55:52 2019 +0530
Created file for finitely generated abelian groups project
.DS_Store | Bin 0 -> 8196 bytes
Code/Group.FiniteGenerate.idr | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 26 insertions(+)
commit b9c13142932c1fbfb04b1e9e9e9e1173f5cd818f
Author: Sidharth Soundararajan
AuthorDate: Sun Feb 10 22:05:12 2019 +0530
Commit: Sidharth Soundararajan
CommitDate: Sun Feb 10 22:05:12 2019 +0530
Corrected error in definition of Field (multiplicatiove inverse requires non zero elements)
Code/Field.idr | 24 +++++++++++++++++++++---
Code/Group.idr | 28 ++++++++++++++--------------
2 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
commit e95b0ba8fec866be5370bd3fd843894b607ffd7a
Author: Sidharth Soundararajan
AuthorDate: Sat Feb 9 19:50:36 2019 +0530
Commit: Sidharth Soundararajan
CommitDate: Sat Feb 9 19:50:36 2019 +0530
Create Field.idr
Code/Field.idr | 12 ++++++++++++
1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)


This is the API
https://data.dublinked.ie/cgi-bin/rtpi//routelistinformation
GET
If not provided JSON format will be used by default
If provided retrieves routes for the given operator


11-Jul-2017 | Milku
Not me...I'm counting the days until the football season starts.
Did you know that on 11th July 1900, Charlotte Cooper beat Hélène Prévost to become the first female Olympic tennis champion. Indeed, she was the first individual female Olympic champion in any sport. In her career, Charlotte won five singles titles at the Wimbledon Championships too. And she was English.
Maybe it's an omen and Johanna Konta will win Wimbledon this year. The media are already reporting that Britain has got men's and women's quarter-finalists at Wimbledon for the first time since 1973...after yesterday's wins for Andy Murray and Johanna Konta.
I wish I could get excited about it all, but really I'm more interested in what's happening in the world of football. At the moment, I can't quite decide if I like the idea of Wayne Rooney returning to Everton. But once he's scored for the team again, I'm sure any doubts will vanish. I'm fickle that way.


My name is Valerie Riley
Aspiring web developer who can often be found rock climbing or hiking with a cat.
Denver, CO
GitHub
Blog
Public Repositories
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Following
12


Why should we vote for post malone to be president? Post malone has proven to be one of the best celebrities we have today. He has shown in his
INTERVIEWSthat he is laid back and wants you to be yourself and live the life you want to live.
Post Malone is also very proud to be american, he has a TATTOO of JFK and always shows his patritism. In an
INtERVIEWhe explained how much he loves jfk and also thought he was the best presiednt.
Post malone would be a great president becasue he is now consnidered the new
elvis presley and elvis presiley was a great music figure in america. He had one of the best albums of 2018 and 2017.


Episode 033
Redesigning the API:
Improving the internal architecture
ASP.NET Core: From 0 to overkill
In this episode
- Redesign group management API internal architecture
- Current - traditional layered architecture
- Target - onion/hexagonal/ports and adapters architecture
- Rationale for the redesign
- About this implementation
- Over-engineer much?
The usual plugs...
- If these videos are being useful
- Like
- Share
- Leave feedback
- More stuff at:


Welcome to
Electron
app running on this
machine.
App author:
Environment:
Electron version:
1
2
3
4
5
6


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JOHN CARPENTER'S GHOSTS OF MARS (2001) 1/2 star out of 4. Starring Ice Cube, Natasha Henstridge, Jason Statham, Pam Grier, Joanna Cassidy and Clea Duvall. Written by Larry Sulkis and John Carpenter. Music by John Carpenter. Directed by Carpenter. Rated R.
The Red Planet runs redder in John Carpenter's Ghosts of Mars.
This pulplike outing is sloppy and derivative, owing much to Carpenter's first big hit, Assault on Precinct 13.
So many parts of this movie go haywire that finding a starting point is difficult. First, Carpenter offers a crash course on Martian colonization, explaining that the colonists established a matriarchal society.
This is merely a setup so the audience won't be shocked when they see female cops bossing men around. Big deal.
Then, there's the confusing story structure. The film is told in flashback by Lt. Ballard (Natasha Henstridge), the sole survivor of a team set to a distant mining town to check on a disturbance and bring back and well-known criminal named James "Desolation" Williams (Ice Cube), whose characterization is most reminiscent of Carpenter's Napoleon Wilson from Precinct 13.
Cube's Williams even cribs some dialogue that is similar to lines spoken by Wilson in the earlier flick.
It seems that every major character must be given his or her own flashback, explaining events we are watching as they do voice overs. it becomes most repetitious and boring.
Carpenter takes too long in building up the suspense, and the payoff is a big let down.
The Martian ghosts - really dustlike particles that take over humans - create an army of zombies who run around shouting and killing colonists. The army also is a rip-off of the anonymous gangbangers who were mowed down during Precinct 13.
Even what is supposed to pass for witty repartee between Henstridge's Ballard and Ice Cube's Williams seems forced. The chemistry factor is zero.
Carpenter does add a couple of interesting touches. Ballard and her mouthy subordinate, Jericho (Jason Statham) sneak off into a store room where Jericho suggests they have one last fling before facing the overwhelming odds against them.
Before anything can happen, though, those rude Martians begin attacking again.
Ghosts of Mars is one of Carpenter's weakest efforts yet, and he has helmed a bunch of howlers.
And Carpenter doesn't help with his obnoxious, pulsating and loud score that blares every suspenseful piece of business as if it was the most important bit of action in the movie.
This is one of those watch movies. No, you're not watching the screen, but checking your time piece to try to determine when it will all end. Ghosts of Mars is a snoozer. Only the explosions may interfere with your napping.
Bob Bloom is the film critic at the Journal and Courier in Lafayette, IN. He can be reached by e-mail at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Other reviews by Bloom can be found at www.jconline.com by clicking on golafayette.
Bloom's reviews also can be found on the Web at the Internet Movie Database: http://www.imdb.com/M/reviews_by?Bob+Bloom
========== X-RAMR-ID: 29281 X-Language: en X-RT-ReviewID: 245702 X-RT-TitleID: 1109551 X-RT-SourceID: 872 X-RT-AuthorID: 1363 X-RT-RatingText: .5/4
The review above was posted to the
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Test passes if you see two black rectangle boxes with a smaller white rectangle in one corner of each.


Source
(defmethod mark-some-objects-in-table ((heap mark-and-sweep-heap) amount)
;; Mark all 'live' objects in the object table as dead (temporarily).
;; Returns the amount of work done.
(let* ((object-table (object-table heap))
(object-block-size (min-block-size object-table))
(first-object-id (floor (nr-object-bytes-marked heap)
object-block-size))
(work-done 0))
(loop for object-id from first-object-id
while (and (< object-id (object-table-size object-table))
(< work-done amount))
do (progn
(when (eql (object-info object-table object-id) :live-object)
;; Don't touch free or reserved blocks.
(setf (object-info object-table object-id) :dead-object))
(incf (nr-object-bytes-marked heap) object-block-size)
(incf work-done object-block-size)))
(when (>= (nr-object-bytes-marked heap) (nr-object-bytes heap))
;; We've finished this stage. Move to the next step.
(setf (state heap) :scanning))
;; Return the amount of work done.
work-done))
Source Context


This section is all about game events. Game events are functions in your scripts that the Unitale engine runs at various points in the game. By changing up your behaviour depending on the actions the player takes, you can go beyond a basic encounter and make it great.
EncounterStarting()
Happens once when everything's done initializing but before any encounter actions start. You should do
things like stopping the music here, or using State() if you want to start the fight off with some
dialogue.
EnemyDialogueStarting()
Happens when you go to the monster dialogue state. You're still free to modify monster dialogue here.
EnemyDialogueEnding()
Happens when you go from the monster dialogue state to the defending state.
DefenseEnding()
Happens when you go from the defending state of the game to any other state. If you read up on the
RandomEncounterText() function, you'll want to use it here.
HandleSpare()
Happens when you select the Spare option from the Mercy menu, regardless of whether a monster is
spareable or not. This event fires after the sparing of monsters is completed. If you spare the
last enemy in the encounter, this function will not happen - the encounter is over at that point.
HandleItem( item_ID, position)
Happens when you select an item from the item menu.
function HandleItem(ItemID, position) if ItemID == "DOGTEST2" then BattleDialog({"You selected The Second Dog.", "You are truly great."}) else BattleDialog({"You didn't select The Second Dog.", "You could've picked better."}) end DEBUG("You chose item #" .. position .. " in your inventory.") end
EnteringState( newstate, oldstate)
A new, more flexible way of handling state changes. When you enter a new state, this function will fire
with newstate containing the new state's name, and oldstate containing the previous
state's name. Both are in all caps. One of the most powerful things about it is that you can use State()
here to interrupt state changes initiated by the engine itself.
Calling State from within this function will
call EnteringState again!
Possible states and when they execute are below:
function EnteringState(newstate, oldstate) if newstate == "ENEMYDIALOGUE" then --same as EnemyDialogueStarting() elseif newstate ~= "ENEMYDIALOGUE" and oldstate == "ENEMYDIALOGUE" then --same as EnemyDialogueEnding(). Alternatively, check for newstate == "DEFENDING" elseif newstate ~= "DEFENDING" and oldstate == "DEFENDING" then --same as DefenseEnding() end end
Update()
This function runs for every frame for all of the encounter, even during waves. For advanced users: the
Update function is required to exist at the beginning of the encounter. If you define it at a later
point in time, it will not get executed.
OnGameOver()
This function runs the instant the last living player dies.
But this event works differently than the others.
By adding return false, you can prevent the game over sequence from
starting and replace it with your own code!
NOTE: If you plan to use BattleDialog in this
event, you MUST call State("NONE") first!
Update()
This function runs for every frame for all of the encounter, even during waves. For advanced users: the
Update function is required to exist at the beginning of the encounter. If you define it at a later
point in time, it will not get executed. This function is triggered after the Encounter's Update function.
HandleAttack( attacker,
damage)
Happens the moment the entity is damaged - this is when you hear the hitting sound and when the
hp loss text appears.
damage will be -1 if the attack dealt no damage. The entity's
hp variable will have updated at this time, too.
attacker is the entity which is currently attacking
this entity.
BeforeDamageCalculation( attacker, damageCoeff)
Happens before the damage calculation after pressing Z when attacking. You can easily use
SetDamage() in this function and lots of other animations and such.
attacker - Entity attacking this entity. Monsters can attack Players.
damageCoeff - Strength of the attack depending on how close the attack cursor is
to the square target. Value between 0 and 1, 0 being "Miss" and 1 being a perfect attack.
HandleAnimationChange( newAnim)
This function runs every time this entity's animation is changed through SetCYKAnimation().
From inside this function, use return false to prevent newAnim from starting.
If you want to "replace" an animation with another, you must do this:
function HandleAnimationChange(newAnim) if newAnim == "Idle" and canspare then SetCYKAnimation("Spareable") return false end end
HandleCustomSpell( target,
spell)
Happens at the beginning of this Player's turn, in the state PLAYERTURN, if the Player
selected a MAGIC command during their action choice. This function is used to handle this Player's available SPELL
commands (also called abilities).
This works much like HandleCustomCommand() except the spell doesn't have to be capitalized.
UpdateTurn()
Happens in the state PLAYERTURN, if it is currently this Player's turn and
WaitBeforeNextPlayerTurn() has been called for this player.
Use EndPlayerTurn() to end the turn, and go to the next Player's turn, or
have the enemies start attacking.
OnDeath()
Happens after your attack's shaking animation has completed and the monster's HP is 0.  OnDeath() will only happen through
monster kills that happened with the FIGHT command; scripted Kill() calls
will not trigger it.
OnSpare()
Happens after you successfully spared a monster. If you implement OnSpare(),
your monster will not be spared automatically, and you will have to do it manually with the
Spare() function. OnSpare() will only happen through
a monster spare that happened with the SPARE command - scripted Spare() calls
will not trigger it.
HandleCustomCommand( actcommand)
Happens when you select an Act command on this monster. actcommand will be the
same as how you defined it in the commands list, except it will be IN ALL
CAPS. Intermediate example below, showing how you can use it and spice it up a little.
commands = {"Sing", "Dance", "Wiggle"} --somewhere at the beginning wigglecounter = 0 --let's keep a counter to check how often we've wiggled function HandleCustomCommand(command) if command == "SING" then BattleDialog({"You sing your heart out. It's in the arena now."}) elseif command == "DANCE" then BattleDialog({"You busted out your best moves."}) elseif command == "WIGGLE" then if wigglecounter == 0 then --you can use variables to make commands more exciting! BattleDialog({"You just kind of stood there and wiggled."}) elseif wigglecounter == 1 then BattleDialog({"You're still kind of standing there and wiggling."}) else BattleDialog({"Your wiggled so often that your wiggling technique\ris now legendary."}) end wigglecounter = wigglecounter + 1 --be sure to increase the wiggle counter, or it'll stay at 0 end end
Update()
This function is called every frame (usually at 60FPS) while monsters are attacking (the defense step).
That's pretty much it. Update your bullets here - more on bullet creation and control is on the
API - Projectile Management page.
EndingWave()
This function is called just before the wave ends. It allows you to easily reset some variables and other such things.
OnHit(bullet bullet)
Every time a bullet collides with a player, this function gets called from the script that created the
projectile. The bullet object in this function can be modified if you feel like it. For more information
on the bullet object, see the section Projectile Management.
If you implement this function in your script, you have to manually define what should happen after
bullet collision. This is what allows you to create orange, cyan and green projectiles, and much much
more. If you don't implement this function in your wave script, it'll stick to the default of dealing 3
damage on hit.
function OnHit(bullet) return 3, 2.5 -- equal to Player.Hurt(3, 2.5) in CYF return 1, 0 -- equal to Player.Hurt(1, 0) in CYF return -10 -- equal to Player.Heal(10) in CYF return "100%" -- default value, uses enemy's ATK and player's DEF to calculate damage return "50%" -- only take 50% of calculated damage end


Release Documentation
Examples
Simple Examples
GUI Controls
BoldImage
ComboBox
MultiLanguage
Renderers
TreeView
Simple TreeView
ObjectSpace
Association Class
Bold Handles
Constraints
Custom Attributes
DataSet & QuickReport
Data Validation
Derived Attributes
Derived Handle
Derived Relations
Object Versioning
OCL Variables
Optimistic Locking
Query
Reverse Derived Attr.
SQL Handle
Transactions
Persistence
Check-In/Out - OLLE
ObjectSpace Synchron
Parent and Child Mapping
Compound Examples
ASP
BIOS Client
BIOS Server
BIOS2 Client
BIOS2 Server
Buildings & Owners
Concurrency Management
Conway's Game of Life
ExternalPersistence
HTTP PMapper
Model Evolution
Product Structure
XML Dispatcher
XML 2


Self awareness seems to be a subset of mindfulness. Mindfulness maintains attention on an action or view
without the mind imposing itself on that action or view. Self awareness is the special case of the view
being that of your own body.
I tried the body scanning and agreed with the author that it was very closely related to feeling sleepy.
I have not been in a particularly emotionally turbulent state recently so its effects didn't feel very pronounced.
In the "Emotions are not me" section the author notes you can consider your emotional state as seperate from
your being and that the link between the two can be regulated. Controlling your emotions is certainly a
large part of a reasoned emotional response to a stressful situation. His points around the dichotomy of
the ego were also interesting.


(c) 2018-2023 manu chatterjee
WebEditRun is an HTML code editor based on ACE which allows programmers to test create and run HTML snipper ideas without dependancies on CDNs or other content.
Try it here: Web Edit Run
Clone the repo and run locally with any webserver. It may work with file:// urls in some OSes. There is no server side code of anykind.
For a quick start with python: go to the directory and run
$python3 -m http.server
For a quick start with node:
npx serve
See WebEditRun.html (stand alone example page) to see in action
all source is at github: Fork Me on Github!
webeditrun is provider under the OSI approved BSD 2-clause license.


Returns the location of origin when provided with a LatLng destination, meters travelled and original heading. Headings are expressed in degrees clockwise from North. This function returns null when no solution is available.
Returns the signed area of a closed path. The signed area may be used to determine the orientation of the path. The computed area uses the same units as the radius. The radius defaults to the Earth's radius in meters, in which case the area is in square meters.
Generated using TypeDoc
Utility functions for computing geodesic angles, distances and areas. The default radius is Earth's radius of 6378137 meters.


--- layout: default title: Ghink ---
Ghink is a Github Pages, plus Jekyll, plus InK boilerplate. An easy way to start a beautiful, responsive, self-hosted, blog or website. This is a showroom website of what you can do with this framework. Head to the official repo for technical docs, or keep browsing for awe.
You can find Ghink's technical documentation at the official Github repository. We suggest you browse around the source tree and see all the examples and how we built this showroom website. Otherwise, if you're anxious take a look at these quick links:
Also, check this website Blog for more examples.


Simpson, Frances Eleanor
| Birth Name | Simpson, Frances Eleanor |
| Gender | female |
| Age at Death | 84 years, 11 months, 3 days |
Narrative
SMH - THORNTON, Frances Eleanor (Lorna) - 4th December,1987, formally of Bellevue Hill, eldest daughter of Mr. & Mrs. John Simpson (dec), loved sister of Marjorie(dec), Lional, Walter, Phillis, Ruth & Norman, beloved wife of Reg (dec), & loving mother of Graham & mother-in-law of Bunty. Aged 84yrs.
Funeral - The rels & friends of the late Frances Eleanor (Lorna) Thornton will be held at Northern Suburbs Crematorium on Monday at 2pm..
Events
| Event | Date | Place | Description | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth | 1903 | Glebe NSW #30035 | ||
|
|
||||
| Death | 1987-12-04 | formally of Bellevue Hill NSW | ||
|
|
||||
| Burial | 1987-12-07 | Northern Suburbs Crematorium, Ryde. | ||
|
|
Parents
| Relation to main person | Name | Birth date | Death date | Relation within this family (if not by birth) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Father | Simpson, John & Minnie | |||
| Simpson, Frances Eleanor | 1903 | 1987-12-04 |
Families
Family of Thornton, Reginald Rosborough and Simpson, Frances Eleanor |
||||||||||||||||
| Married | Husband | Thornton, Reginald Rosborough ( * 1900 + 1948-05-23 ) | ||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
| Children |
| Name | Birth Date | Death Date |
|---|---|---|
| Thornton, [Living] |
| Type | Value | Notes | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| _UID | A1ECDA811C8FDD47A316B4CE12ADF661087F |
Attributes
| Type | Value | Notes | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| _UID | 2E1DF961404C66459D54D616BAB552A923C5 |
Pedigree
-
Simpson, John & Minnie
- Simpson, Frances Eleanor


On s'en fou !
Tape UP to jump. Have fun!
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A score-bar is coming soon !
© wenfeng.fr


Latest Builds
The
latest version of the code is available from our subversion
repository:
https://svn.java.net/svn/jxta-jxse~svn.
https://svn.java.net/svn/jxta-jxse~svn.
2.7
Check this pom.xml sample for
dependencies and repository information.
The artifacts can be manually downloaded from here.
The .jar dependencies can be downloaded from SourceForge, together with the Practical JXTA II book examples.
The artifacts can be manually downloaded from here.
The .jar dependencies can be downloaded from SourceForge, together with the Practical JXTA II book examples.
2.6
Check this sample pom.xml for
dependencies and repository for release 2.6. The artifacts can be manually downloaded from here.


§440G-1 Short title. This chapter shall be known as the Hawaii Cable Communications Systems Law. [L 1970, c 112, pt of §1; am L 1987, c 301, §1]


Do you care about the future of journalism? Vox Media needs outstanding engineers to scale world-class journalism and storytelling.
Rubular
a Ruby regular expression editor
Regex quick reference
[abc] |
A single character of: a, b, or c |
[^abc] |
Any single character except: a, b, or c |
[a-z] |
Any single character in the range a-z |
[a-zA-Z] |
Any single character in the range a-z or A-Z |
^ |
Start of line |
$ |
End of line |
\A |
Start of string |
\z |
End of string |
. |
Any single character |
\s |
Any whitespace character |
\S |
Any non-whitespace character |
\d |
Any digit |
\D |
Any non-digit |
\w |
Any word character (letter, number, underscore) |
\W |
Any non-word character |
\b |
Any word boundary |
(...) |
Capture everything enclosed |
(a|b) |
a or b |
a? |
Zero or one of a |
a* |
Zero or more of a |
a+ |
One or more of a |
a{3} |
Exactly 3 of a |
a{3,} |
3 or more of a |
a{3,6} |
Between 3 and 6 of a |
options:
i
case insensitive
m
make dot match newlines
x
ignore whitespace in regex
o
perform #{...} substitutions only once
For a complete Ruby regex guide, see the Pickaxe.
Made by Michael Lovitt (@lovitt). For questions, comments, or issues, visit the Google Group. Follow updates at Twitter (@rubular). Donate via Paypal.
You're using Rubular in modal mode.


BotCycle is a bot that can provide you informations about the bike sharing service in your city.
Try the live demo now or chat using one of the following platforms:


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There is a predefined attribute MPI_APPNUM of MPI_COMM_WORLD. In Fortran, the attribute is an integer value. In C, the attribute is a pointer to an integer value. If a process was spawned with MPI_COMM_SPAWN_MULTIPLE, MPI_APPNUM is the command number that generated the current process. Numbering starts from zero. If a process was spawned with MPI_COMM_SPAWN, it will have MPI_APPNUM equal to zero.
Additionally, if the process was not started by a spawn call,
but by an implementation-specific startup mechanism that can
handle multiple process specifications, MPI_APPNUM should
be set to the number of the corresponding process specification.
In particular, if it is started with
mpiexec spec0 [: spec1 : spec2 : ...]MPI_APPNUM should be set to the number of the corresponding specification.
If an application was not spawned with MPI_COMM_SPAWN or MPI_COMM_SPAWN_MULTIPLE, and MPI_APPNUM doesn't make sense in the context of the implementation-specific startup mechanism, MPI_APPNUM is not set.
MPI implementations may optionally provide a mechanism to override the value of MPI_APPNUM through the info argument. MPI reserves the following key for all SPAWN calls.
When a single application is started, it is able to figure
out how many processes there are by looking at the
size of MPI_COMM_WORLD. An application
consisting of multiple SPMD sub-applications has no
way to find out how many sub-applications there are
and to which sub-application the process belongs. While there
are ways to figure it out in special cases, there
is no general mechanism.
( End of rationale.)


(Adapted from the Open Source Feels Diversity Statement and WONTFIX Cabal)
Platitudes are cheap. We’ve all heard conferences and communities say they’re committed to “diversity” and “tolerance” without ever getting specific, so here’s our stance on it:
We welcome you.
We welcome people of any gender identity or expression, race, ethnicity, size, nationality, sexual orientation, ability level, neurotype, religion, elder status, family structure, culture, subculture, political opinion, identity, and self-identification. We welcome activists, artists, bloggers, crafters, dilettantes, musicians, photographers, readers, writers, ordinary people, extraordinary people, and everyone in between. We welcome people who want to change the world, people who want to keep in touch with friends, people who want to make great art, and people who just need a break after work.
We welcome fans, geeks, nerds, and pixel-stained technopeasant wretches. (We welcome Internet beginners who aren’t sure what any of those terms refer to.) We welcome you no matter if the Internet was a household word by the time you started secondary school or whether you were already retired by the time the World Wide Web was invented. We welcome you. You may wear a baby sling, hijab, a kippah, leather, piercings, a pentacle, a political badge, a rainbow, a rosary, tattoos, or something we can only dream of. You may carry a guitar or knitting needles or a sketchbook. Conservative or liberal, libertarian or socialist — we believe it’s possible for people of all viewpoints and persuasions to come together and learn from each other. We believe in the broad spectrum of individual and collective experience and in the inherent dignity of all people. We believe that amazing things come when people from different worlds and world-views approach each other to create a conversation.
We get excited about creativity — from pro to amateur, from novels to haiku, from the photographer who’s been doing this for decades to the person who just picked up a sketchbook last week. We protect our creativity and our diversity through our Code of Conduct.
We think accessibility for people with disabilities is a priority, not an afterthought. We think neurodiversity is a feature, not a bug. We believe in being inclusive, welcoming, and supportive of anyone who comes to us with good faith and the desire to build a community.
We have enough experience to know that we won’t get any of this perfect on the first try. But we have enough hope, energy, and idealism to want to learn things we don’t know now. We may not be able to satisfy everyone, but we can certainly work to avoid harming anyone. And we promise that if we get it wrong, we’ll listen carefully and respectfully to you when you point it out to us, and we’ll do our best to make good on our mistakes.
We value empathy more than we value our code quality and our product quality. Not just empathy for the users of the things we make but for everyone who contributes as well. When any of us make a mistake, we are ready and willing to take the responsibility to correct it. If someone is hurt by us, it is always our first response to put ourselves in their shoes.
We recognize that inclusivity is not as simple as words on a page and just the statement that all are welcome. Sometimes we will need to step out of our comfort zones to make everyone feel welcome. We recognize that privilege is real and that the privileged have more bandwidth to be uncomfortable and help make our space more welcoming.
We decided when organizing this conference that we would like it to be a conference that we wanted to attend ourselves. We thought it was important to bring this discussion out into the open. We want more people involved in the community and we don’t want anyone to feel silenced. We are specifically interested in making the lesser heard voices heard.
We welcome diversity because we believe it makes the open source community stronger and more productive. We believe diverse teams make better products. We strive to make everyone feel welcome and know that their contribution is important.


SteemWatch.com is only storing user email address in case it is being returned from the sigle sign-on provider selected.
The email address is only stored to identify users, it is not being used in any other way nor being passed to any 3rd-party service.


INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
The rapid development of global infrastructure and environmental problems become increasingly serious, in the natural sand resources are depleted and the Government of natural sand mining control efforts to increase the situation, the sand industry ushered in a new development opportunities, but also on the sand production system put forward higher requirements.
 According to the customer of different processing materials and finished product size of the needs of the combination and classification, the output of finished sand, due to grade continuous, granular rounded, with powder control and other advantages by the majority of customers of all ages.
PROCESS
Material
Vibrating feeder
Jaw crusher
Cone crusher
Vibrating screen
Impact crusher
Product
Large pieces of stone by the silo by the vibrating feeder evenly into the jaw crusher for coarse crushing, coarse crushed material and then transported by the belt conveyor to the cone crusher in the crushing, and then into the vibrating screen for screening, meet the needs of the part of the material can be sand washing machine or dust removal equipment directly into the finished material pile, do not meet the grain size requirements of the stone will have to enter the sand machine for plastic surgery, and ultimately delivery to meet customer demand for aggregate.
PRODUCTION LINE CONFIGURATION
Vibrating Feeder
Production Capacity : 80-850T/H
Competitive Advantage :
Strong adaptability can work in dusty or watery environments.
Stable amplitude, good continuity, exciting force adjustable, to ensure the flow of materials.
Small size, light weight, simple and compact, no rotating parts, less wearing parts, cost-effective.
Jaw Crusher
Production Capacity : Up to 800TPH
Competitive Advantage :
Deep crushing chamber without dead zone，high crushing ratio, uniform final product size.
Stable and convenient gasket discharge adjusting device makes the adjusting range wide and flexible.
Energy saving: single equipment saves energy of 15%-30%, system saves energy a times more.
Hydraulic Cone Crusher
Production Capacity : 55-700TPH
Competitive Advantage :
The machine uses optimized structure such as fixed axis small spherical bearing which make the efficiency is 5%-15% higher than the efficiency of traditional cone crusher.
The perfect combination of broken stroke broken speed and crushing chamber makes the capacity is 35%-65% larger than the capacity of traditional cone crusher under the same broken cone size.
More smoothly operation: When iron and other hard objects that cannot be broken into the machine the over iron protection equipment will released the objects and then reset immediately.
VSI6S Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher
Production Capacity : Up to 800TPH
Competitive Advantage :
The rotor adopts the advanced 4-way discharging design to improve the passing capacity; The crushing ratio increases more than 20% compared with the 3-way old type.
Stable and convenient gasket discharge adjusting device makes the adjusting range wide and flexible.
Energy saving: single equipment saves energy of 15%-30%, system saves energy a times more.
Vibrating Screen
Production Capacity : 10-810T/H
Competitive Advantage :
High capacity and efficiency separating ratio with the advanced techniques.
Easy to maintenance with the special amplitude adjusting devices.
Long life span low noise and stable operation with the rubber device。


--- layout : default title: Robocraft Forum Scraper Info ---
The program that currently only detects profanity listed in Profanity.txt and bumps from a different year. The program checks the specified forum sections listed in ForumsToCheck.txt. This only works with the formating in the Robocraft forum sections at the moment. Sorry!
General features
capsDetector.py notable features
profanityDetector.py features
necroDetector.py features


Offline application support was one of main requiremets the framework has to fullfil. The support is currently based on the Application Cache browser feature and Ajs Framework boot process control and resource management.
Application Cache feature is deprecated and will be removed from web browsers. Once this will happen the framework will switch to Service Workers technology, what in the end will have no impact to existing applications usig AJS as this change will be transparent to them (of course only if application will be properly designed and will follow Ajs Application Development practices).
The Application Cache is based on the manifest file with details describing what files should be cached and used in offline mode and another details. For details see Using the application cache article at the MDN site.
Resources which were cahced to the Application Cache are never updated until the appcache.manifest file is modified. The post-build tool is included in the tools directory and updates the appcache.manifest file automatically when:
Only files mentioned above are stored in the application cache. Other files (such as application resources) are managed by AJS Resource Manager if the application does not use any different approach.
Once the application gets offline there is fallback section defined in the cache manifest file which redirects all requests to index.html page (better said to the root of the web - /). All resources requested in the offline mode are then handled as the index.html file (even if request for image is made). In order to be possible to recognize the applicaion is oflline and cached resource should be returned (instead of index.html) the resource loader inspects the resource content returned by the browser and is checking for <!--offline--> tag in first 50 bytes of loaded resource. If the offline marker is found the resource loader returns 304 - Not modified and Resource Manager returns the appropriate resource from the cache instead of returning the resource provided by the browser application cache (index.html). It means the index.html file has to contain this offline marker the in order the application work properly. The index.html should look like the following example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--offline-->
<html lang="en" manifest="/cache.manifest">
...
</html>
The following chart less or more accurately describes how the Application Cache works in the browser. In the end of initial HTTP request (when all resources are loaded = window.onload event) the ajs.boot._boot() function is executed to load the application itself, application resources, initialize the framework and application and start the application by routing to appropriate view.


What is pair programming?
Pair programming is a way for two or more people to collaborate writing code. Usually one person will give instructions and navigate while the other person will type.
Why is pair programming important to DBC?
Pair programming allows you to learn from another person and share what you've learned. It also helps you catch erros more quickly, which is good for debugging. It's also good practice communicating.
Driver vs Navigator
The driver is physically typing out the code as per the navigator's instructions. The navigator acts as the leader giving abstract instructions to the driver.


CFA Textbook
--------------------
Study Session 1 Ethical and Professional
Standards
--------------------
Reading 1 Ethics and Trust in the Investment
Profession
--------------------
Summary:
- Ethics refers to the study of making good choices. Ethics
encompasses a set of moral principles and rules of conduct that
provide guidance for our behavior.
- Situational influences are external factors that may shape
our behavior
- Challenges to ethical behavior include being overconfident in
our own morality, underestimating the effect of situational
influences, and focusing on the immediate rather than long-term
outcomes or consequences of a decision.
- In any given profession, the code of ethics publicly
communicates the established principles and expected behavior of its
members.
- Members of a profession use specialized knowledge and skills
to serve others; they share and agree to adhere to a common code of
ethics to serve others and advance the profession.
- A code of ethics helps foster public confidence that members
of the profession will use their specialized skills and knowledge to
serve their clients and others.
- High ethical standards always matter and are of particular
importance in the investment industry, which is based almost entirely
on trust. Clients trust investment professionals to use their
specialized skills and knowledge to serve clients and protect client
assets. All stakeholders gain long-term benefits when investment
professionals adhere to high ethical standards.
- Rules and laws often codify ethical actions that lead to
better outcomes for society or specific groups of stakeholders.
- Organizations and individuals generally adhere to legal
standards, but legal standards are often created to address past
ethical failings and do not provide guidance for an evolving and
increasingly complex world.
- Legal standards are often rule based. Ethical conduct goes
beyond legal standards, balancing self-interest with the direct and
indirect consequences of behavior on others.
- A framework for ethical decision making can help people look
at and evaluate a decision from different perspectives, enabling them
to identify important issues, make wise decisions, and limit
unintended consequences.
- Standards of conduct serve as benchmarks for the minimally
acceptable behavior required of members of a group.
--------------------
Next Reading


Scene.js is a JavaScript Animation Library
For creating animated websites
Github / API
Powerful CSS Animation
Scene.js supports two plays: javascript and css animation. It's perfect to use it in context and not feel the difference.
Control Progress
Scene.js have complete control over time. No matter what time you choose, this can show you the right movement for that time.
Support SVG Animation
With Scene.js, SVG can be used by CSS animation in Chrome and can also be controlled by point through 'attribute'.
Multiple Timeline
Scene.js can control multiple elements at the same time. Even though the time between the start and end of each element is different, it can be repeated.
opacity: 1
Number
Color
Text
Varius Value types
Scene.js supports a variety of value types, such as CSS, and can be handled in JavaScript.
Variable Effects
Scene.js provides effect presets that can give animation effects or make animation easier.
More Features
More Examples
You can view the code and animation of clapperboard, the main logo of scene.js
See the Pen scenejs examples clapperboard animation by daybrush (@daybrush) on CodePen.


This part prescribes policies and procedures for publicizing contract opportunities and award information.
“Contract action,” as used in this part, means an action resulting in a contract, as defined in Subpart 2.1, including actions for additional supplies or services outside the existing contract scope, but not including actions that are within the scope and under the terms of the existing contract, such as contract modifications issued pursuant to the Changes clause, or funding and other administrative changes.
Contracting officers must publicize contract actions in order to—
(a) Increase competition;
(b) Broaden industry participation in meeting Government requirements; and
(c) Assist small business concerns, veteran-owned small business concerns, service-disabled veteran-owned small business concerns, HUBZone small business concerns, small disadvantaged business concerns, and women-owned small business concerns in obtaining contracts and subcontracts.
For any requirement in the FAR to publish a notice, the contracting officer must transmit the notices to the GPE.
(a) As required by the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(e)) and the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 1708), contracting officers must disseminate information on proposed contract actions as follows:
(1) For proposed contract actions expected to exceed $25,000, by synopsizing in the GPE (see 5.201).
(2) For proposed contract actions expected to exceed $15,000, but not expected to exceed $25,000, by displaying in a public place, or by any appropriate electronic means, an unclassified notice of the solicitation or a copy of the solicitation satisfying the requirements of 5.207(c). The notice must include a statement that all responsible sources may submit a response which, if timely received, must be considered by the agency. The information must be posted not later than the date the solicitation is issued, and must remain posted for at least 10 days or until after quotations have been opened, whichever is later.
(i) If solicitations are posted instead of a notice, the contracting officer may employ various methods of satisfying the requirements of 5.207(c). For example, the contracting officer may meet the requirements of 5.207(c) by stamping the solicitation, by a cover sheet to the solicitation, or by placing a general statement in the display room.
(ii) The contracting officer need not comply with the display requirements of this section when the exemptions at 5.202(a)(1), (a)(4) through (a)(9), or (a)(11) apply, when oral solicitations are used, or when providing access to a notice of proposed contract action and solicitation through the GPE and the notice permits the public to respond to the solicitation electronically.
(iii) Contracting officers may use electronic posting of requirements in a place accessible by the general public at the Government installation to satisfy the public display requirement. Contracting offices using electronic systems for public posting that are not accessible outside the installation must periodically publicize the methods for accessing the information.
(b) In addition, one or more of the following methods may be used:
(1) Preparing periodic handouts listing proposed contracts, and displaying them as in 5.101(a)(2).
(2) Assisting local trade associations in disseminating information to their members.
(3) Making brief announcements of proposed contracts to newspapers, trade journals, magazines, or other mass communication media for publication without cost to the Government.
(4) Placing paid advertisements in newspapers or other communications media, subject to the following limitations:
(i) Contracting officers shall place paid advertisements of proposed contracts only when it is anticipated that effective competition cannot be obtained otherwise (see 5.205(d)).
(ii) Contracting officers shall not place advertisements of proposed contracts in a newspaper published and printed in the District of Columbia unless the supplies or services will be furnished, or the labor performed, in the District of Columbia or adjoining counties in Maryland or Virginia (44 U.S.C. 3701).
(iii) Advertisements published in newspapers must be under proper written authority in accordance with 44 U.S.C. 3702 (see 5.502(a)).
(a)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(5) of this section, the contracting officer must make available through the GPE solicitations synopsized through the GPE, including specifications, technical data, and other pertinent information determined necessary by the contracting officer. Transmissions to the GPE must be in accordance with the interface description available via the Internet at http://www.fedbizopps.gov.
(2) The contracting officer is encouraged, when practicable and cost-effective, to make accessible through the GPE additional information related to a solicitation.
(3) The contracting officer must ensure that solicitations transmitted using electronic commerce are forwarded to the GPE to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
(4) When an agency determines that a solicitation contains information that requires additional controls to monitor access and distribution (e.g., technical data, specifications, maps, building designs, schedules, etc.), the information shall be made available through the enhanced controls of the GPE, unless an exception in paragraph (a)(5) of this section applies. The GPE meets the synopsis and advertising requirements of this part.
(5) The contracting officer need not make a solicitation available through the GPE as required in paragraph (a)(4) of this section, when—
(i) Disclosure would compromise the national security (e.g., would result in disclosure of classified information, or information subject to export controls) or create other security risks. The fact that access to classified matter may be necessary to submit a proposal or perform the contract does not, in itself, justify use of this exception;
(ii) The nature of the file (e.g., size, format) does not make it cost-effective or practicable for contracting officers to provide access to the solicitation through the GPE; or
(iii) The agency’s senior procurement executive makes a written determination that access through the GPE is not in the Government’s interest.
(6) When an acquisition contains brand name specifications, the contracting officer shall include with the solicitation the justification or documentation required by 6.302-1(c), 13.106-1(b), or 13.501, redacted as necessary (see 6.305).
(b) When the contracting officer does not make a solicitation available through the GPE pursuant to paragraph (a)(5) of this section, the contracting officer—
(1) Should employ other electronic means (e.g., CD-ROM or electronic mail) whenever practicable and cost- effective. When solicitations are provided electronically on physical media (e.g., disks) or in paper form, the contracting officer must—
(i) Maintain a reasonable number of copies of solicitations, including specifications and other pertinent information determined necessary by the contracting officer (upon request, potential sources not initially solicited should be mailed or provided copies of solicitations, if available);
(ii) Provide copies on a “first-come-first-served” basis, for pickup at the contracting office, to publishers, trade associations, information services, and other members of the public having a legitimate interest (for construction, see 36.211); and
(iii) Retain a copy of the solicitation and other documents for review by and duplication for those requesting copies after the initial number of copies is exhausted; and
(2) May require payment of a fee, not exceeding the actual cost of duplication, for a copy of the solicitation document.
(c) In addition to the methods of disseminating proposed contract information in 5.101(a) and (b), provide, upon request to small business concerns, as required by 15 U.S.C. 637(b)—
(1) A copy of the solicitation and specifications. In the case of solicitations disseminated by electronic data interchange, solicitations may be furnished directly to the electronic address of the small business concern;
(2) The name and telephone number of an employee of the contracting office who will answer questions on the solicitation; and
(3) Adequate citations to each applicable major Federal law or agency rule with which small business concerns must comply in performing the contract.
(d) When electronic commerce (see Subpart 4.5) is used in the solicitation process, availability of the solicitation may be limited to the electronic medium.
(e) Provide copies of a solicitation issued under other than full and open competition to firms requesting copies that were not initially solicited, but only after advising the requester of the determination to limit the solicitation to a specified firm or firms as authorized under Part 6.
(f) This section 5.102 applies to classified contracts to the extent consistent with agency security requirements (see 5.202(a)(1)).


This is a game I created on a website called flowlab.io.  When you get a certain amount of coins you win. There is a wall of "space dirt" as I like to call it so the alien does not fall into the abyss. This game is still a work in progress so it is still comming together. For example the spikes don't kill you yet. I will be updating the game hopefully soon! I hope you enjoy!


Hello EveryOne Welcome to heroku Training
Sample Java application deployed to Heroku. It's a reasonably simple app - but a good foundation for understanding how to get the most out of the Heroku platform.
Please do work through the Getting Started guide, even if you do know how to build such an application. The guide covers the basics of working with Heroku, and will familiarize you with all the concepts you need in order to build and deploy your own apps.


{% extends 'zinnia/base.html' %} {% block main_header %}
DJANGO | SPC | API
I have worked hard on these projects.^3000 If you want my help lets talk ^5000
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INSTRUCTOR : Dr.preetham
Course description : this course teaches equipment basics and surgery.
Pre requisits : c/c++.
Credit hours : 3
duration : 3pm-6pm on fridays.
Course rating : 4/5
teacher rating : 4/5
click here to register


About Simple House
At the repository of university and personal archives, find centuries of discoveries, pursuits, and the soul of Harvard, on campus and worldwide. Exhibits and events are free and open to the public. The reading room is open to all students and other adult researchers. Class visits by appointment.
The City Institute was founded in 2018. It has 150 employees.


This pages loads its Markdown content from /examples/markdown-example.md
/examples/markdown-example.md
View source on the page to see the <pre-markdown> tag in action below.


Trained a deep learning BERT model to learn language representation on Adverse Drug Reaction data & also used a SVM classifier to retrieve ADR tweets.
Analysed how using relevant sentiment Analysed sentiment analysis features on ADR's retrival.
Engineered relevant Features's and fine-tuned hyperparameters for offline signature verification on low power devices on GPDS-160 dataset. Implemented a quantum neural networks along with Fuzzy c-means to initialize and update the weights.
CodeRegressed 3D body joints from ego-views, used auto-encoders (Resnet-152) to extract the static scene features and decoder RNN’s (LSTM) with dense optical flow and homographic to extract dynamic motion features to predict poses on the egocentric images.
Code Star ForkDeveloped a Machine Reading Comprehension System using Bi-directional Attention Flow network which given a user query and candidate passages corresponding to each, returns the most relevant passage which contains the answer to the query.
CodePytorch implementation of FlowNet 2.0: Evolution of Optical Flow Estimation with Deep Networks.
CodeImplemented and reproduced the results of the paper "Faster R-CNN", "YOLOv3" & "SSD" by training these architectures over Drive.ai data to classify 60 objects.
CodeImplemented the Paper “A neural Algorithm of Artistic Style “ while using VGG-19 network trained on Imagenet. Performed various structure, distribution and architecture based pruning strategies to generate sparse networks with upto 60% of compression and minimal degradation in model loss while speeding up the training of VGG-19.
Code


In an increasingly polarized political climate in the US, we are attempting to examine if the Trump administration is truly as contentious as people believe it to be.
To do that quantitatively, we are looking at the people Trump has surrounded himself with. Comparing his cabinet with all past presidential cabinets.
This visualization will allow you to see each administration's characteristics going back all the way to the days of George Washington. The characteristics we have chosen to be on display are average days served, number of cabinet members appointed, ease of confirmation, cabinet minority percentage, percentage of male cabinet members, and percentage of members that served in the military.


About
"Clojang" is a set of libraries and tools (including the library
clojang
-proper) that are dedicated to Clojure-BEAM
interop, where BEAM languages include all those of the Erlang
ecosystem: Erlang, LFE, Elixir, Joxa, Reia, Luerl, Erlog, etc.
Clojang supports production deployments of distributed, fault-tolerant, soft real-time BEAM/JVM applications with appropriate restart and fail-over strategies and hot code-loading.
In particular, the aim of Clojang is to support production deployments of distributed, fault-tolerant, soft real-time BEAM/JVM applications, capable of running JVM code in supervision trees with appropriate restart and fail-over strategies, hot code-loading (live system updates with no downtime), and the like.
From the developer perspective, Clojang wants to make OTP-based communications between BEAM languages and the JVM as Clojure-idiomatic as possible and as natural to BEAM programmers as can reasonably be provided.
For an overview of the three primary ways in which one may develop JVM-BEAM interoperable applications, be sure to read the API comparison docs. To see how LFE and Clojure applications can interoperate, you'll want to read the "Talking to Servers" tutorial.
Sample Code
Here's a Clojure OTP server written using Clojang:
(defn ping-pong
[]
(let [init-state 0]
(loop [png-count init-state]
(match (receive)
[:ping caller]
(do (! caller :pong)
(recur (inc png-count)))
[:get-ping-count caller]
(do (! caller png-count)
(recur png-count))
[:stop caller]
(do (! caller :stopping)
:stopped)))))
And here's LFE talking to Clojure:
(clojang-lfe@host)> (! #(default clojang@host) `#(ping ,(self)))
#(ping <0.34.0>)
(clojang-lfe@host)> (! #(default clojang@host) `#(ping ,(self)))
#(ping <0.34.0>)
(clojang-lfe@host)> (! #(default clojang@host) `#(ping ,(self)))
#(ping <0.34.0>)
(clojang-lfe@host)> (c:flush)
Shell got pong
Shell got pong
Shell got pong
ok
(clojang-lfe@host)> (! #(default clojang@host) `#(get-ping-count ,(self)))
#(get-count <0.34.0>)
(clojang-lfe@host)> (c:flush)
Shell got 3
ok
Here's part of an LFE OTP gen_server
:
(defun handle_call
(('ping _caller state-data)
`#(reply pong ,(+ 1 state-data)))
(('ping-count _caller state-data)
`#(reply ,state-data ,state-data))
(('stop _caller state-data)
`#(stop shutdown ok ,state-data))
((_message _caller state-data)
`#(reply ,(unknown-command) ,state-data)))
And here's Clojure talking to LFE:
clojang.dev=> (rpc/! :clojang-lfe :ping-pong :ping)
:ok
clojang.dev=> (rpc/! :clojang-lfe :ping-pong :ping)
:ok
clojang.dev=> (rpc/! :clojang-lfe :ping-pong :ping)
:ok
clojang.dev=> (rpc/receive :clojang-lfe)
:pong
clojang.dev=> (rpc/receive :clojang-lfe)
:pong
clojang.dev=> (rpc/receive :clojang-lfe)
:pong
clojang.dev=> (rpc/! :clojang-lfe :ping-pong :get-ping-count)
:ok
clojang.dev=> (rpc/receive :clojang-lfe)
3


package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
var name [][]string = [][]string{
{"A", "N", "S", "H"},
{"P", "R", "F", "P"},
}
fmt.Println("Before Append:\n", name)
fmt.Println("Length", len(name))
name = append(name, []string{"d", "e", "f"})
fmt.Println("After Append:\n", name)
fmt.Println("Length", len(name))
}
Before Append:
[[A N S H] [P R F P]]
Length: 2
After Append:
[[A N S H] [P R F P] [d e f]]
Length: 3
In this program, we use the append function to add the elements in the slice (name).
As an output we display the slice before and after use of append function
and also compute it`s lenght using len function.


Class: String
| Relationships | |
| Inherits: | Object |
Overview
The String class contains a method used to parse a string as a length value. All string arguments in Ruby API expect utf-8 strings.
Instance Method Summary
-
#to_l ⇒ Length
The to_l method is used to convert a string to a length.
Instance Method Details
#to_l ⇒ Length
The to_l method is used to convert a string to a length. The returned length is expressed in the Model units.


ABOUT US
Welcome to the Kibandaski web app, bringing you a step closer to your favorite local food near you. At Kibandaski, we believe there is a better way of having access to healthy,affordable and delicious local food rather than the overpriced fast food menus. We focus on providing a simple and convenient way of ordering your preferred food from a kibanda near you that maybe you never knew existed.
Let’s face it, we have all had the kibanda experience at some point whether good or bad. Its affordable, delicious and most important healthy.Yes there are some doubts and fears if food served at kibandas are clean or fit for consumption. That’s why we at Kibandaski, make sure that each kibanda owner is up to par with food & hygiene regulations before being added to our platform. We also provide a comments section for our customers to give feedback from their experience of the different listed kibandas. To top it all, it can be delivered to your location!

ORDER NOWUgali & Omena
Kshs. 70
The ugali and omena combination is one of a kind classic Kenyan dish. Top it with some of our available extras and you’re good to go!
ORDER NOWRice& Beans
Kshs. 60
Rice served with a nice portion of tasty beans stew is a desired choice among many.It fills you up well and goes well with our available extras.
ORDER NOWPilau
Kshs. 100
Pilau is a match made in heaven dish.Its served in almost all Kenyan events and celebrations.You can never go wrong with pilau.Get to enjoy it here!
ORDER NOWChapati & Beef Stew
Kshs. 80
Arguably one of the best combinations of all time.Get to deep soft tasty chapatis in a thick beef stew will leave you satisfied.
ORDER NOWUgali & Beef Stew
Kshs. 80
A very satisfying combination that will leave you full and happy with your selection.Add our extras and you have a complete meal.
ORDER NOWRice & Beef Stew
Kshs. 90
Enjoy rice with some nice tasty beef stew that will leave you fully satisfied especially with some extras to go with it.
ORDER NOWGitheri
Kshs. 50
Our githeri lovers,we got you!This traditional staple food can now be delivered to you at request.We recommend trying it.
ORDER NOWChapati & Ndengu
Kshs. 60
A frequently requested combo that goes well together.Add some extras on top and you have yourself a nice dish. Simple and satisfying.
ORDER NOWORDER SUMMARY
Ordered Food:
Contact us
Do you have any questions? Please do not hesitate to contact us directly. Our team will get back to you as as soon as possible.
-
Ngong Lane Plaza, Ngong road, Nairobi, Kenya.
-
+254722254254
-
contact@kibandaski.com


basicfem – main script¶
basicfem.py is the main script to execute the Basicfem solver.
-
basicfem.
main
()[source]¶ Main function to read in command line input, processing directories and run respective solvers. The script takes two argument – an input directory name and an output directory name. The input directory should locate in the local directory and needs to contain necessary txt files for basicfem solvers. It can also be an xlsx file that contains all the required input. The output directory will be generated if not exists, or being overwritten.
-
basicfem.
plot_contour_batch
(fem_result, scale_factor, output_path, plot_on_deformed=True)[source]¶ Generate all the contour plot available. Only used for 2d elements.
- Parameters
fem_result (BaseSolver) – A Solver object contains the analysis result.
scale_factor (float) – The deformation scale factor assigned in the param.
output_path (str) – The path to the output directory assigned by the user.
plot_on_deformed (bool) – Flag that determines if the contour is plotted on the deformed structures. Default is True.
-
basicfem.
read_param
(param_filename)[source]¶ Read the param file to set the solver related parameters.
The param file will either be an param.txt file inside the input directory, or the Param page inside the input xlsx file.
- Parameters
param_filename (str) – The xlsx file name, or the processed path to the param.txt file.
- Returns
The dictionary contains solver related paramters.
- Return type
dict
-
basicfem.
set_param_guide
()[source]¶ Command line prompt to guide the users setting up parameters.
In the case when param file does not exist, this function will guide the users to provide the necessary paramters for solver. Note that this guide will keep most of the parameters default, only set those that is needed to be assigned for solver to run.
- Returns
Parameters necessary for the solver.
- Return type
tuple


Final Thoughts
Congratulations! You have made it to the end of the book. You have followed the first three months of my path to R proficiency. Hopefully, you armed yourself with the things that I showed you in this book. If you did, then you are not completely useless as a data something, anymore. You better not be, because three months is about all get to be tolerably useless. Beyond that, you will quickly find yourself on the bench of your data team. Believe me, in the world where this field is the new gold mine, you do not want to become a bench warmer. This is a slippery slope that will, eventually, result in you crawling on the floor of your sublet studio looking for rats to eat. There are, definitely, many job openings rignt not as there is a shortage of skill in the field, but do not give yourself too much time because of that as that shortage will quickly decrease.
Before I say: “In all seriousness, you have accomplished quite a lot here. I wish you a good luck and happy birthday, you are like a brother to me, and I want to see you in the next book. Good bye!”, I would, first, like to go over the things that we have covered in this book.
- We began with a general overview of the programming world and R’s place in it. In particular, we learned that if we want to make it in the field of data analysis or engineering, we must leave behind things like Excel, SPSS, STATA, and SAS, and focus on real languages like R, Python, and SQL. We also got more familiar with what other languages do in general and what kind of infrastructure we will ever be dealing with while learning R. Personal take on this:
It is important to know what is out there and what surrounds the language you are learning. The faster you become aware of these things, the less distracted you will be by that temptation of unknown. By the temptation of unknown, I mean the stuff that I talked about in the ‘Tutorial Purgatory’ section. In my opinion, it is very important to know what you do not know, so you understand the scope of your challenge. In the beginning, anything new that you are learning seems bigger than it is, because you do not know that scope. Once you realize that there are five, ten, or twenty things that you need to know, you can start moving towards the end more confidently. That was my experience, at least.
- In the second chapter, we learned to work with the RStudio. We installed R and RStudio; got familiar with the layout; created new scripts; saved them; opened multiple sessions; installed and removed packages; wrote our first code; uninstalled and reinstalled RStudio; and messed with RStudio, in general, to see what happens. Personal take on this:
Learning basics of R and RStudio was the obvious part that any book or tutorial would teach you. There was nothing special about it, so I do not want to even mention it. The important thing that I wanted to accomplish in that part was to eliminate the fear of messing something up in your code or session. I remember the feeling of opening RStudio for the first time and being afraid to mess it up. That fear really hinders progress, so I wanted to kick it out of you straight away. Hopefully, it worked.
- Next, we covered our asses in terms of code basics. I do not really have anything special to say about that section.
 Otherwise, you will suffer.
The big assignment is where the majority of learning was happening, I hope.  Along the way, we used a great number of functions for extracting, transforming, loading, using, and saving our data. The few things that stand out in my head are:
- Connecting to and using a database;
- Using an API (Although, might still be too advanced right now);
- Diving deep in the lubridate package for working with dates and times;
- Learning about the ‘Tutorial Purgatory’;
- Building a few plots with ggplot2 and later converting them to plotly;
- Creating a markdown report, ready to be presented.
Personal take on this:
The big assignment chapter is what this book revolves around. The main part of my story happens in that part. In that chapter, I showed and described it to you 99% the way it actually happened. And if you thought that it was just one of the exercises along the way, it was not. The first assignment that I received when I just started at my job, created foundation for my overall progress as a programmer. My intention was to walk you the path that I walked, so that you start building similar foundation for yourself. Understanding this chapter is extremely important, because the stuff that we covered there will be 85-95% of what you will ever be doing as a data something guy.
- The end of the main assignment, we opened the doors to the topic of interactive and dynamic visualizations. We quickly skipped static maps, because they are really boring, and moved towards interactive mapping with leaflet. If you absolutely need to know static maps, there are specialized books for that topic out there. We worked with another data-set in that section. The data-set was quite big and that displayed some limitations of maps. We covered many different scenarios and found ways around the issues that we faced there. Overall, we covered the majority of the stuff that you will ever need on that topic, especially during your first year or so. Personal take on this:
As I said, we opened the doors to the topic of interactive and dynamic visualizations. I do not want you to close those doors any time soon. Most of the things that I worked and am still working on involved some kind of interactive visualization, be it mapping or plotting. Seeing things move on the screed and knowing that you made them is a great source of inspiration and drive. That is important, because programming can get boring, and a lot of people burn out.
- After mapping, we got familiar with another reporting tool called flexdashboard. We learned how easy it is to, basically, create a website out of some plots and maps that we put together. We covered two types of layout, horizontal and vertical. There are more than just two, but with the foundation that you got from that chapter, you should be able to experiment with the rest of the layouts on your own, should you need to. Personal take on this:
Honestly, at first, I did not see too much value in flexdashboard. I though, it was limiting in what I can do. During my learning process, I got familiar with it, did two or three small projects and brushed it aside. My eyes were on the bigger fish, RShiny. However, after some time, I began to understand the importance of being able to generate a quick and well laid-out report or dashboard. At first, as a stand alone tool, it might not be super valuable, but once you learn things like dynamic steaming and data piping, you will be able to combine them with flexdashboard, which will make you unstoppable. Overall, it is good that we learned it now.
- Finally, as a bonus, I showed you a glimpse of what RShiny can do. We have not covered almost anything there as it is not the intention of this book. The next books are the ones where we will invest heavily into learning Shiny.
We are done here. If you would like to report an issue, correction, or something else, here is the GitHub of this book:
And, as promissed:
In all seriousness, you have accomplished quite a lot here. I wish you good luck and happy birthday, you are like a brother to me, and I want to see you in the next book. Good bye!
R, Not the Best Practices by Nikita Voevodin is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.


|
Concurrent Twin Primes From HELL
0.6
use concurrency to output TwinPrimes
|
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <chrono>
#include <omp.h>
Finding Prime Pairs | |
C++ and OpenMP, write a parallel program that counts the number of primes less than n for any number nand also find and list all the twin primes (5,7), (11,13) less than n. The main objective is to use parallel programming to produce efficient code using multiple threads. The finished program is timed and rated while using different amounts of threads. The Max threads for my machine is 6.
DependenciesLinux, G++, fopenmp, gdp debuging and make (makefile), doxygen InstallationInstallation can be done in the CLI running Makefile -k And Run by using ./prime_parallel_1core in the CLI. | |
| #define | NUM_THREADS 2 |
| void | printTP (vector< int >primeNumbers) |
| Function to have the vector primepairs out put onto the console. More... | |
| void | Eratosethenes_sieve (bool *sieve, int numbers) |
| this function will take in a number n and calculate the primes up until that number and add them to the global vector primes More... | |
| int | main () |
| In main we will run our functions together without any concurrency as it is producing segmentation errors while filling the vector with primes. More... | |
| #define NUM_THREADS 2 |
|
inline |
this function will take in a number n and calculate the primes up until that number and add them to the global vector primes
| sieve | is a boolean that tells us if the multiples of number have been crossed, therefore, no need to check them. |
| number | is the amount of numbers to go through. |
The simplest way to run this algorithm is to use dynamic scheduling built in OpenMP. This scheduling gives the faster threads beefier workloads.A loop is split into seperate tasks which are performed by different threads. The first loop goes from 2 to the square root of number. And if sieve is unmarked we know it's a prime. In the second loop all multiples of number are marked as composite, however this loop shouldn't be made to run parallel, break statement cannot run in openMP inside of threaded for loops. It was tried regardless and it decreased efficiency by a large margin, so, don't do this. Primes can be added to a vector later and output with another function.
| sieve | is a boolean that tells us if the multiples of number have been crossed, therefore, no need to check them. |
| number | is the amount of numbers to go through. |
The first loop goes from 2 to the square root of number. And if sieve is unmarked we know it's a prime. In the second loop all multiples of number are marked as composite number. Primes can be added to a vector later and output with another function.
| int main | ( | ) |
In main we will run our functions together without any concurrency as it is producing segmentation errors while filling the vector with primes.
In main we will run our functions together.
Take in a number from the user, start the timer using chrono. Using our function Eratosethenes_sieve, we then produce primes into a vector called prime. Next the primes are printed usaing printTP.. There was no specification for ordering which suits my need for speed perefctly fine. Finishing up we display the amount of twin primes, normal primes and the time taken to run. In linux the "time ./%" function is used to give cpu and elapsed time so conclusions can be easily drawn on the go.
Take in a number from the user, start the timer using chrono. Using our function Eratosethenes_sieve, we then produce primes into a vector called prime. Next the primes are printed usaing printTP.. Finishing up we display the amount of twin primes, normal primes and the time taken to run. In linux the "time ./%" function is used to give cpu and elapsed time so conclusions can be easily drawn on the go.
| void printTP | ( | vector< int > | primeNumbers | ) |
Function to have the vector primepairs out put onto the console.
| vector<int>primeNumbers | this is a vector which holds the prime pairs to be printed |
Trying to use openMP here created a mixed up output has the threads were printing at different times thus, 2 pairs would become interwoven. It also reduces efficiency
| vector<int>primeNumbers | this is a vector which holds the prime pairs to be printed |
Function to have the vector primepairs out put onto the console


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Principle¶
ScTriangulate Object¶
We created a new compound data structure called ScTriangulate Object, abbreviated as sctri
. sctri
is designed as an expanded version of popular
adata
data structure, with the additional “cluster goodness” information added on top of that. In short, sctri
stored your data and how good your
cluster labels/annotations are, measured by an array of biologically meaningful metrics.
Let’s digest them one by one:
sctri.dir
: python string, please specify the path to the folder where all the outputs will fall into.
sctri.adata
: AnnData Object, stored the expression values and cell/feature metadata.
sctri.query
: python list, each item in the list corresponds to a column name in sctri.adata.obs
. Recalling the schema of scTriangualte, please tell
the program what sets of annotations you want to consider. For instance, I want to compare following four annotations:
sctri.query = ['leiden_resolution1','leiden_resolution2','azimuth_mapping_reference1','adt_annotations']
sctri.score
: Nested python dictionary (for internal use, users do not need to specify), storing the goodness (measured by each metric) of each cluster in each annotation. The metric corresponds to
self.metrics
(see below), the annontation corresponds to self.query
. If you want to access:
sctri.score['annotation1']['cluster_to_reassign']['cluster1']
# result will be 0.45
sctri.cluster
: Nested python dictionary (for internal use, users do not need to specify), storing the hierarchy of each annotation and cluster name. Likewise,
if you want to access the information:
sctri.cluster['annotation1'][0]
# result will be 'cluster1'
sctri.invalid
: Python list, this contains the cluster names (i.e. annotation1@cluster3) that the program labelled as “not stable”. By default, scTriangulate
filters the raw
cluster by win_fraction
, meaning how many fraction of cells in the original cluster are retained after the “game”. Those invalid cluster will
be excluded from final pruned
result, and cells within those invalid clusters will be reassigned to the nearest neighbors. Users can also append cluster name
to the list, by:
sctri.invalid.append('annotation1@cluster3')
# then cells within this cluster will be reassigned in the pruning step.
sctri.metrics
: Python list, this contains the metrics we want to use to assess how good a cluster is. By default, the value of this list is:
sctri.metrics = ['reassign','tfidf10','SCCAF','doublet']
which means each cluster will be scanned using these four scores, each score correponds to an underlying function that the program has already implemented, you can add additional metrics by:
sctri.add_new_metrics({'my_metric':callable})
And now the cluster will also be scanned using user defined metric function.
sctri.species
: Python string, now only support either “human” or “mouse”. It only affects how the program retrieve the “artifact” genes names in a small
internal database (txt file), including ribosomal genes, mitochondrial genes, etc.
sctri.criterion
: Python int, it specify how the program labels “artifact genes”, we assume cellcycle gene, ribosome gene, mitochrondrial gene, antisense,
and predict_gene may not be what the users want, but it varies by the need. So the user can choose from these 6 modes. Genes being labelled as “artifact” will
no longer be considered in the marker genes and downstream assessment:
criterion1: all will be artifact.
criterion2: all will be artifact except cellcycle (default).
criterion3: all will be artifact except cellcycle, ribosome.
criterion4: all will be artifact except cellcycle, ribosome, mitochondrial.
criterion5: all will be artifact except cellcycle, ribosome, mitochondrial, antisense.
criterion6: all will be artifact except cellcycle, ribosome, mitochondrial, antisense, predict_gene.
self.verbose
: Python int. 1 means output the log to the stdout, 2 means write to a log file. Default is 1.
self.uns
: Python dictionary, which inspired by scanpy. Here we by default store some very important information including markers genes. To access:
sctri.uns['marker_genes']['anntation1'].loc[:['cluster1','cluster2']]
Visualization¶
scTriangulate offers a powerful toolkit allowing end users to visualize the hidden heterogeneity in many different ways, also the color
Module
provide necessary function to assist in making publication quality figures. Here we highlight some of the plotting function and we would like to refer
the users to the API
part for more details.
plot_heterogeneity¶
This is the main feature of scTriangulate visualizations, built on top of scanpy. Since scTriangualte can mix-and-match cluster boundaries from diverse annotations, it empowers the users to discover further and hidden heterogeneity. Now, question is how the user can visualize the heterogeneity?
The philosophy behind this function is to first pick a viewpoint from which we want to look at the final result. For instance, here we choose “annotation1” as the viewpoint. As you can see, annoatation@c1 has been suggested to be divided by two sub populations, now we want to know:
how these two sub populations are lait out on umap?
what are the differentially expressed features between these two sub populations?
Let’s show some of the functionalities:
1. UMAP:
sctri.plot_heterogeneity(key='sctri_rna_leiden_1',cluster='6',style='umap')
2. Heatmap:
sctri.plot_heterogeneity(key='sctri_rna_leiden_1',cluster='6',style='heatmap')
3. dual_gene_plot:
sctri.plot_heterogeneity(key='sctri_rna_leiden_1',cluster='6',style='dual_gene',genes=['TRDC','SLC4A10'])
4. coexpression_plot:
sctri.plot_heterogeneity(key='lenden1',cluster='6',style='coexpression',kind='contourf')
plot_two_column_sankey¶
To visualize the correspondence of two annotations:
sctri.plot_two_column_sankey('leiden1','leiden2',margin=5)
plot_concordance¶
When we have more than 2 annotation-sets, we want to know how they correspond to each other, what fraction of cells in annotation1 flow into another annotation and vice versus:
sctri.plot_concordance(key1='azimuth',key2='pruned',style='3dbar')
plot_clusterability¶
Do you want to know for a specific annotation-set, which cluster is most likely to be subdivided and which is the least? We refer to this as clusterability:
sctri.plot_clusterability(key='sctri_rna_leiden_1',col='raw',fontsize=8)
plot_long_heatmap¶
A heatmap that can be arbitrarily long and ALWAYS display every gene:
sctri.plot_long_umap(n_features=20,figsize=(20,20))
plot_multi_modal_feature_rank¶
In multi-modal setting, a cluster’s identify usually defined by all modalities, do you want to know by which modality a cluster is mainly defined?:
sctri.plot_multi_modal_feature_rank(cluster='sctri_rna_leiden_2@10')
plot_confusion¶
It allows you to visualize the stability of each clustes in one annotation:
sctri.plot_confusion(name='confusion_reassign',key='sctri_rna_leiden_1')


Unnamed Plains [al43], plain, in Catarack Island, wilderness
Last updated Turn #71
Unnamed Plains [al43], plain, in Catarack Island, wilderness
------------------------------------------------------------------------
26: The Savvy Aardvark [ha5r], ship, 2 hulls, 1 rowing port, 6 sails,
26: 5% damaged, arrived from Ocean [al42], owner:
26: Kijaro [u4q], Pen, with 17 sailors
27: The Savvy Aardvark [ha5r], ship, 2 hulls, 1 rowing port, 6 sails,
27: 5% damaged, departed for Ocean [al42].
Routes leaving Unnamed Plains:
North, plain, to Unnamed Plains [ak43], 7 days
East, plain, to Unnamed Plains [al44], 7 days
South, plain, to Unnamed Plains [am43], 7 days
West, to Ocean [al42], The Inner Sea, 2 days
It is raining.
Seen here:
Stack of centaurs [ca2p], centaurs, number: 22


Business-savvy students from Stratford-Upon-Avon Grammar School eclipsed competition from
seventeen other local teams to win the Coventry and Warwick heat of ICAEW’s national
business and accounting competition, BASE on 20 March which was held at the University of
Warwick.