★ Illusion of Separation ★ Sociophysical Postulates I – XI ★
First, a Riddle:
What’s Both Hot and Cold,
Vibrates and Resonates,
And Is Made Out Of At Least Two Kinds of Stars?
What Is The Speed of Thought Today?
ϕ Sociophysical Mechanics Are Now Predominantly Virtualized
ϕ Memes, Datums and Iota
ϕ Holons and the Holonome
Temperature, Density, Waves and Spectra
ϕ The Speed of Sound
ϕ Cultural Reverberation
ϕ The Economics of Information
Epistemological Petrification and Transfiguration
ϕ With 2.0, Knowledge Upgrades Its TTL
ϕ An Individual’s Focus is the 21st Century Commodity
ϕ The Semiotic Aggregate of Thought
ϕ Environmental Stimuli and Cultural Universals Shape The Aggregate of Thought
The Eudaimonic Symphony of Being Humanity
ϕ The Beginning of the End for the Illusion of Separation?
ϕ The Singularity is a Sociophysical Black Hole
The Other Side of the S-Curve
ϕ Open and Closed Systems
ϕ Uncountably Infinite Dimensional, Convoluted Non-Linear Systems
Phase Change in Physical and Aphysical Topologies
ϕ Complexity in Sociophysical Systems Creates Vastly Many Phases
ϕ Demand-Side Information Economics
ϕ Does The Commoditization of Attention Extend to Automated Agents?
Spectral Decoherence in the Noosphere
ϕ The Structure of the Noosphere
ϕ Ontologies in Data Science
ϕ Neighborhoods in Physical and Aphysical Topologies
ϕ What is Anscombe’s Paradox, Watson
ϕ The 15th Century European Noosphere
ϕ The Obliteration of Physical Constraints on Sociophysical Phenomena
ϕ Which One Of These Is The Fake News Article?
A Tall Glass of Nihilism to Toast Your Postmodernist Wasteland
ϕ Spectral Decoherence Breaks the Economics of Content Creation
ϕ Semiotic Harmonics and Social Engineering
ϕ Information Warfare in Our Brave New World
Shangri-La Or Bust
ϕ The Ablation of Causality
“Posthumous men — I, for example — are understood worse than timely ones, but heard better. More precisely: we are never understood — hence our authority.” — Nietzsche, Twilight of the Idols
What Is The Speed of Thought Today?
Impulses between neurons can travel over 100 meters per second. Instead, consider the speed at which a thought can travel across the world and how has it changed over time. After all, our individual thoughts lead to words and actions, which ripple through social networks both natural and virtual. Throughout history, this velocity of information has steadily increased until it exploded in the 19th century with the telegraph.
Sociophysical Mechanics Are Now Predominantly Virtualized
While communication was bound to physical interactions, a primarily physical set of mechanics dominated social physics and the movement of information. Today, the convergence of virtual communication channels like social media causes physical mechanics to recede. From here, social physics becomes dominated by metaphysical modes of action, where propagation becomes dependent on the geometric mechanics of information. So, the geometry and structure of the information itself as it fits into its contexts determines its motion along virtual channels.
Memes, Datums and Iota
In this series, meme refers to something between a unit of cultural information and a unit of its transmission. A datum, which can represent a meme, refers to a structure of information, dependent from and potentially linked to its instantiations in various networks and spaces. To distinguish it from common connotations of data, it’s pluralized here as datums. Here, iota refers to datum instantiations in spaces and networks, where each iota is a singleton type.
The Tao that can be spoken is not the eternal Tao
The name that can be named is not the eternal name
The nameless is the origin of Heaven and Earth
The named is the mother of myriad things
It is an interesting exercise to think of datums – units of information – as being particles and waves with spectra, similar to Einstein’s eureka of light as both a particle and a wave. In this manner, datums can be imagined as myriad types of molecules, each and all vibrating with faint deviation to characteristic modes. They are molecular in the sense that they are composed from more elemental datums. The nature of information and its wide speciation expand datum variety in tetrationally intricate ways. Internalization of this endless variety of information is what it takes to truly determine anything about social physics, though most representations map sparsely to the range of possibilities. Memes are like monoidal, higher types of datums.
Tetration on the Complex Plane
Holons and the Holonome
Holons are a useful concept for structuring information. All possible prototypical structures for information can be combinatorially enumerated using category theory. A fitting name for this is the holonome and, ideally, its enumeration would be countably infinite. Understanding this holonome and developing a structure of information that resolves duality and defines all possilble metaphysical forms drives my passion for learning category theory. Holons correspond to the concept of lenses and prisms from functional programming. The holonome is unique. There is only one and it encompasses all possible structures of holons, without regard for their contents.
Temperature, Density, Waves and Spectra
Sociophysical systems exhibit a wide array of behavior that can be modeled with physics metaphors. From atop a ziggurat in Sumeria or Mesoamerica, some of the basic sociophysical mechanics emerge visibly as patterns of interaction in crowds. The movement of people in a mall have a temperature, as they do at wider geographic scales. Density and temperature correlate with interest and intent. Moreover, both the temperature and density of the group yield more connections and a faster rate of information diffusion.
A Change In Elevation Results in a Change in Perspective. Here, It Is A Dimensional Reduction
What’s Both Hot and Cold,
Vibrates and Resonates,
And Is Made Out Of At Least Two Kinds of Stars?
The answer to the riddle above is people, or sociophysical networks, which have spaces of varying topology: physical spaces and more logical spaces. In one we are literally made of star dust and, in the other, star-like images emerge from graphs.
The Speed of Sound
Extending the parallels to temperature and density yields a metaphor to the speed of sound. It describes the potential speed at which general information could travel. An overly simplified construction cannot so effectively model diffusion of specific pieces of information, since people exhibit choice over the information they propagate. It instead assumes temperature and density correlate with higher potential for interactions to occur. As you geographically zoom out, the potential speed of information diffusion becomes more closely coupled to temperature and population density.
Cultural Reverberation
From ancient times through the telegraph, all information flux was bound to physical contact. Population growth itself gradually accelerated both information accumulation and flux. Writing established information permanence. Navigation and ship-building increased the maximum physical range for information to spread per social degree of exchange. Economics incentivized management of information not only to predict trade and anticipate resource trends, but to influence them as well. Ancient people may have assumed the network effect: as population increased, so did the likelihood of technological innovations and thus, information might begin to spread faster than it was driven by population density alone.
The Economics of Information
Wherever there is supply and demand, you’ll find economic dynamics and information is no exception. While no one in Germany counted all the Bibles in 1350, the notions that documents are tangible and countable themselves change how people react to perceived supply and demand.  Information conveys power when it is scarce, even when it may not be true. When a rumor is held tightly, it is easier to trace. While we never poll our friends to tally up an information histogram, our mind is always making inferences because the distribution of information usually tells us more than the info itself. Small talk may be all about the weather and the Yankees, but it informs us about who talks to who and more.
Epistemological Petrification and Transfiguration
Macroscopically, technology’s effect on information diffusion produced viral sociocultural transformation, often with political or economic consequences. Writing developed once and was never forgotten. The more a mythos the more calcified it became. Religious systems gradually petrified upon exposure to clay tablets, locking these ephemeral systems of thought into place. The printing press democratized writing, effectively seizing it from the priest class by undermining the economics that enabled tight control.
Prior to the printing press, the narrow spectrum of available info fluctuated perpetually. Rationalism wasn’t even a fleeting dream at this point. All written records were copied manually. Accumulation of writing was roughly bounded by the literate population, which can be conceived as a kind of abstract membrane whose size also loosely correlated to a population’s permeability to written records. Copies more numerous and accessible resulted in more frequently amplified information. If the work wasn’t financed by the church or state, the information’s TTL drastically plummeted.
With 2.0, Knowledge Upgrades Its TTL
Information and knowledge have time-to-live values, similar to the IP protocol’s TTL value, which is the number of times a packet will be retransmitted by routers without final delivery. For knowledge, this TTL is related to the number of probable hosts or physical representations and the probabilities of events where such representations are retransmitted. As time continues onwards, these probabilities fluctuate, as do the number of retained hosts, iota and datum representations. In some cases, when information itself is lost, it can be later reconstituted and repersisted from its parts.
People respond in different ways to datums, arising from traits such as virility or vociferousness. These aspects drive expansion in the datums’ lineage of iota, which are seeded into hosts. The more expansive the distribution of iota and the more frequently they’re expressed in communication, the higher their degree of consensus among hosts. Those datums linked to natural phenomena or semiotically connected to cultural universals are innately amplified by being in phase with common sensory stimuli that pervade the human condition.
An Individual’s Focus is the 21st Century Commodity
Paralleling Zipf’s distribution – frequency of word usage for a lexicon – there is a similar distribution that describes the frequency of components of thoughts including semiotic signifiers. Its data can’t be directly sampled, and like so many other aspects of social physics, this distribution is nearly impossible to quantify. This distribution has always been important to understand. In the 21st century, where your attention has been commoditized, there is nothing more important than understanding what consumes our thought. This distribution can be partially seen on Google Trends; both attempting to quantify it and reasoning about it are immensely valuable in the Marketing or Search Engine Optimization fields. If you can watch enough commercials, you can see how this impacts both the design and strategy of advertising. Symbols that are nearly universal and those which are as yet undefined in most minds are each necessary for effective advertising, publicity and brand management.
Zipf’s Distribution Plots the Frequency of Words As They Appear In A Language’s Literature
The Semiotic Aggregate of Thought
What semiotic signifiers does an individual spend the most time thinking about? How can these signs be grouped? If we zoom out to various scales of society, how does this distribution change? Why? What do the subtle variations between Zipf’s distribution for languages tell us? Aren’t they slightly different organizations of morphemic pointers to the same set of semiotic signs? What always floats to the top of Zipf’s distribution for any given language? Above all else, our shared cultural universals sift to the top.
Environmental Stimuli and Cultural Universals Shape The Aggregate of Thought
The Zipf’s distribution for any given language is simply a reflection of the immeasurable semiotic distribution mentioned above. The semiotic aggregate of human focus is predominantly derived from ideas constructed from cultural universals. The cultural universals float to the top because they arise from human needs and the intricacies of human interactions. What happens to this distribution when technology changes our human needs? Is there ever such a thing as a new cultural universal? It must be so, but how?
Writing and subsequent innovations dramatically expanded the spectrum and TTL of information. Before there were written records, reflections of the information only persisted if they were retransmitted faster than they decayed. Signal could be quickly and easily drowned out by encouraging the prioritization of competing datum.
After writing emerged, suppression of information required the location and destruction of all physical instantiations of that information. To purge any records with certainty meant locating them without raising alarm. After the printing press, both the copies of information and the frequency by which records were published increased by orders of magnitude, requiring strict control over the production of physical iota.
The Eudaimonic Symphony of Being Humanity
Each major innovation opened a new movement in our impressionistic arrangement of cross-cultural collaboration. Each led to its own gradual crescendo as it reverberated across the world, inspiring a chorus where each new voice was increasingly pronounced, distinct and memorable. Each of these movements was a spontaneous contribution forwards in information mechanics, dynamics and expression. This progression offered many conceivable paths as it moved us towards an increasingly singular zenith. Our discernment and apprehension of the destination, the journey, and each macroscopic fragment can be consumated by dissecting the fundamentals of communication and information.
The Beginning of the End for the Illusion of Separation?
Without intelligent life, the universe might never manifest awareness of itself. Humanity has reached a transitionary period where communication networks allow our ideas to pollinate maximally. This preeminant phase symbolically represents humanity’s awareness of ourselves driven to tantalizing exhaustion as it ripens in fullness. Our understanding of ourselves reaches a state of entirety to a degree of significance the magnitude of which humanity may only ever witness once.
The same confluence of phenomena to usher in this eudaimonic actualization of being humanity sows the seeds of tectonic shifts in sociophysical mechanics. While the set of rules for interaction remains unchanged, the observed phenomena and dynamics diverge. When the Big Bang transitioned through inflation, the laws of physics dominating interactions remained constant. The rules didn’t change, but unique dynamics emerged because the specifics of the system caused various rules to be more significant, resulting in some behaviors that were never seen again.
The Singularity is a Sociophysical Black Hole
Sociophysical mechanics weave together to influence social interaction and how people think about it. Technological innovation disrupts how these mechanics interlace, resulting in paradigm shifts when it occurs to a significant enough degree. Which is worse: the obviously seismic paradigm shifts or those we barely notice shifting beneath our feet?
We are seeing some of these effects now. For example, possible election manipulation and – holy shit – did anyone log into social media in 2016? Information amplification is rampant. Manipulation of information is as old as predator and prey, except today the fabric of information and communication is shifting. It’s like a space that’s bending and folding into itself. Most of us still see everything as though we are within that space, but a few of us are adapting faster than others. Population density and broadband access profoundly impact how these shifts unfold.
The Other Side of the S-Curve
There are reasons that the S-Curve emerges where it does. It opens with exponential growth and, like the unfortunate, ironic perfectionist, all it knows is overachievement and blue skies. Then, suddenly, this curve’s distribution hits a wall: it’s a negative externality. Yet, since it’s never known life outside the petri dish, this curve decides to wish upon agar. Unfortunately, the s-curve’s fate is sealed and the system is just as closed as the petri dish.
Comparison of Sigmoid Curves
Open and Closed Systems
Systems can be open, closed or various combinations of both. Each has its own idiosyncracies. A system that will end as closed often looks just like an open system that might never be closed. If you aren’t aware of what caused the system to be closed, you would expect trends to continue indefinitely.
Closed Systems and Equivalent Exchange of Energy
If you try to view the selection of public stocks as open, then you start with a good index and familiarize its stocks one by one, gradually learning to trade. If you instead choose to view the selection of stocks as closed, then, like Warren Buffet, you might grab a copy of Moody’s and memorize the available stocks, one by one. When you model the wider financial markets as a closed system, then every trade effectively results in an equal and opposite shift in value from one asset to another. Capital enters and leaves the system, thus equivalent exchange is not perfectly preserved. However, in the financial system, money is a kind of energy. Just like forms of energy in sociophyscial systems, complex non-linear dynamics emerge when this equivalent exchange is not maintained.
Sorry Communists. Money is real and never goes away. In the future, ENERGY IS CURRECY. Literal physical energy itself becomes currency. There is no society neither bound by resources, nor the concepts of currency and economics. You have been deluded.
Uncountably Infinite Dimensional, Convoluted Non-Linear Systems
The noosphere, our shared information ecosystem, is a non-linear system that combines the traits of open and closed along various measures. It’s both open and closed in very complicated ways. The transition from open to closed leads to divergent phenomenological implications. The second part of this series discusses how autonomous agents in sociophysical systems mitigate and hedge against the system’s complexity by amplifying information and making decisions based on perceived beliefs. The complexity of the system contributes to its own dynamics.
Non-Linear Systems: Convexity and Concavity, Antifragility and Fragility
When your system is convoluted, infinitely dimensional and non-linear, it reacts with an incomprehensible set of dynamics that are impossible to differentiate and dilineate. There are critical categories of metrics that can help simplify the system. Around clusters of values for these groups of metrics, there are boundaries. Stay in the boundary, the system is more stable. Move outside of a cluster’s boundary region, the system will begin to transition chaotically. If you’re lucky, it will do so with some degree of predictability. Transitioning into and out of these boundaries can describe a phase change, though these are phases composed of phase metatypes.
Non-linear systems can be more succinctly described in terms of transitions between concave and convex regions. Depending on their current values, systems exhibit degrees of fragility and antifragility. These concepts have been studied at length by Nassim Taleb, an author I just discovered and can’t recommend enough. Fragile regions are more likely to move away from local minima or maxima, whereas antifragile regions exhibit robust systems of feedback loops to stabalize the system, some emerging from agents who prefer a simpler, more stable system. The more anti-fragile the system is, the more likely it is to gain value from disorder. In high dimensional spaces, both the kinds of concavity and convexity and the kinds of minima and maxima exhibit many more facets of variation than can be seen in linear systems of two or more variables.
Imagine a group of metrics including information velocity and social graph connectedness as forming a category. As long as the velocity nor the connectedness skyrockets, the system remains stable and prefers not to undergo transformations that it has never exhibited. It’s obvious this category of metrics is rapidly evolving today, so this an easily-parsed example of chaotic phase transitions in non-linear systems. For sociophysical systems, these kinds of phase transitions are myriad.
Phase Change in Physical and Aphysical Topologies
Superconduction is another physical phenomenon for which we can imagine significant sociophysical metaphors. Superconduction describes systems of descreasing thermal energy whose electrical resistance suddenly becomes zero. It is a type of phase change which is not linearly bound to the temperature; it is the sudden shift to zero electrical resistence. Phases are not a primarily physical phenonenon. They are an idea in math, where systems operate in a functionally distinct way when their constituents individually satisfy some properties over increasingly large spatial regions.
Complexity in Sociophysical Systems Creates Vastly Many Phases
Again, sociophysical systems experience phase changes, just like particle systems. Reduce the physical space’s limits on velocity and distance, then increase the quantity of information flux and suddenly a vastly different set of principles applies. Models for sociophysical systems with physical information transfer still apply and the same set of mechanics apply, but are permuted in the way these mechanics present themselves. This includes mechanics we may have never observed before. Systems where the majority of interactions take place on virtual channels utilize mechanics that cause the nature of information itself to dominate the interactions. This leads to what can be described as the geometric mechanics of information systems.
Demand-Side Information Economics
As our world becomes more closed in various ways and as our communication infrastructure encourages sociophyscial phase changes, different sets of principles become foundational in modeling the system. When population growth and virtual channels cause the world to create vastly more information than could ever be consumed by humans, this also presents a series of phase changes because the sheer volume of information in itself changes how people behave. When we reach a knowledge plateau like the Singularity, the simple presence of a boundary on new knowledge means that people operate differently based on the assumption that no level of effort produces significantly novel knowledge.
In these high-volume, high-flux sociophysical systems, information economics becomes demand-side, where the abundance in supply reduces the significance of qualitative differences in information. When people generally decide this, in itself, changes their decision-making and information-filtering processes, it results a kind of phase change.
Does The Commoditization of Attention Extend to Automated Agents?
Again, the 21st century commodity is the individuals attention, but that paradigm only lasts as long as human attention is considered “special” in some way. Today, an individual’s information consumption habits are valuable because human consumers have money. What is the difference between human attention as a commodity and the attention of automated agents? How do the demand-side information economics change if people simply become biological liabilities, consuming energy and resources to sustain their own needless hedonism? How do these demand-side trends respond to rampant nihilism?
Spectral Decoherence in the Noosphere
Information converges in different ways at various scales along various dimensions, which include spatial, aggregate and graph-oriented dimensions. Information can also adopt divergent dynamics.
The Structure of the Noosphere
Analogous to the biosphere, the noosphere represents the sum of all information. It includes everything that anyone might think someone could think, as well as the metaontological expansion of everything contained within itself. Here, metaontology refers to a categorical deconstruction of ontologies. The noosphere is distinct from, but similar in nature to Abraxas because that entity includes everything that was, is or could be, whether it has existed, could exist or could be comprehended by man. The noosphere is unimaginably infinite, but can be approximated via data science, knowledge representation and ontological engineering. For the purposes of understanding social physics, the noosphere can be considered to be something between what can be modeled by data science and the more philosophical definition above.
Ontologies in Data Science
This paper geographically dilineates search recommendations with an ontological model of location types as they are functionally coupled to weather status. For example, the algorithm will not prioritize a local drive-in theater on a rainy day because its ontological model of location types enables it make more contextually relevant inferences. Similarly, algorithms used by Facebook and Google might compare a user’s recent and total activity against ontological models to recommend results relevant to that user’s interests. Below is a subset of the Gene Ontology, used in bioinformatics to help identify networks of functionally related genes.
A Subset of the Gene Ontology via “Implementation of a Geo-Semantic App by Combining Mobile User Contexts with Geographic Ontologies”
Neighborhoods in Physical and Aphysical Topologies
Neighborhoods of the social graph can be generated via various mathematic metrics. The term degrees of separation is one such metric. At a distance of six edges, the neighborhood should encompass all nodes in the social graph. Physical distance is another metric that can filter the social graph into a neighborhood. Given any neighborhood, you can generate a subgraph of the noosphere representing the totality of information for that set of people. As you zoom out to wider neighborhoods, each noosphere generated for the neighborhood varies less as the chosen metric expands. This phenomenon is generally more apparent for knowledge than for information, where knowledge is defined as information above some threshold of universal significance.
What is Anscombe’s Paradox, Watson
As the total noosphere expands over time, it masks rapidly increasing variance between noospheres generated by social subgraphs. Generally, comparing smaller neighborhoods yields increasing variance in their noospheres, the generated information graphs. Modernism and convergent communication infrastructure causes this variance (to become more pronounced) over time. This phenomenon of increasing variance at smaller scales is like a variant of Anscombe’s Paradox applied to graphs. This dissonance in local information is essentially spectral decoherence.
Anscombe’s Quartet, Four Sets With Identical Aggregates
The 15th Century European Noosphere
Imagine the noosphere for 15th century European society, where almost every literate person has only read from a single book: the Bible. As you zoom out, the effects of that literary work on the information graph become pronounced. At that time, the knowledge graph is sadly empty and the scope of shared knowledge is minimal, compared to what is instilled by today’s public education system. Before the modern era, adjacent neighborhoods would correlate with highly similar generated noospheres. They would have very high spectral coherence.
The Obliteration of Physical Constraints on Sociophysical Phenomena
Prior to internet, subcultures were contained within geographic areas and displayed heightened evolution in urban areas. Areas with lower population density displayed diminished cultural evolution. Where before, evolution in culture required more time to proliferate, we have obliterated the physical constraints on information transmission. The speed of a thought as it traverses social networks is almost meaningless because of the predominantly aphysical nature of communication. Awareness of this phenomenon itself causes a phase change in social behavior, which alters the design of mass communication.
Which One Of These Is The Fake News Article?
This has massive ramifications for the design of communication, particularly in how one can use a language of imagery and be confident in the emotional interpretations. In the 20th century America, mass communication was at its height of power, parity and confidence. However, in the world of social media, the rampant speciation of information is exponential. We are less capable of responding to an event, article or piece of information because of the vast disparity in information between two or more individuals. Further, the qualitative significance of each piece of information depends on what presentations of that information an individual has seen. So, when mainstream media tries to handle an event, it can’t identify a language of symbols to leverage that will evoke predictable interpretations.
A Tall Glass of Nihilism to Toast Your Postmodernist Wasteland
This phenomenon of spectral decoherence is informational and implies that we should amplify what unifies us. Diversity in body, mind and culture is an American strength, as is our social connectedness to the rest of the world.
Spectral Decoherence Breaks the Economics of Content Creation
Spectral decoherence is already striking, but it effects will feedback into its interactions with the economics of content creation and distribution. As automation funnels human economic potential into creative endeavors, this drives an abundance of content. However, the sheer quantity implies it can neither be marketed affordably nor effectively. Regardless of the marketing budget, there are no IP’s or new content that can cultivate a strong following.
Left unchecked, this phenomenon implies all cultural artifacts will be essentially noise, where no artifacts develop a significant or marketable following among content producers or consumers.
Semiotic Harmonics and Social Engineering
Because our culture, language and society depends so heavily on patterns of recognizable symbols for social engineering, pattern languages and cultural programming, this ends in disaster because each of these three things become much less capable of functioning without spectral coherence of semiotic distribution. Without anticipation of this and without proactively amplifying semiotic mappings in harmony, we will find ourselves less capable of adapting to what we know will be a turbulent of cultural evolution.

Information Warfare in Our Brave New World
What does all of this mean for information warfare? We are not ready for it at all. This creates a situation where a strong, powerful adversary or even a weak one can exert influence over networking, telecom, and media to close it down. Our information borders are wide open, but this is as much a strength for America as it can be a vulnerability. The dynamics, tactics and strategies of information warfare shift beneath our feet when people are so distracted by the social media circus they don’t see it coming.
 However, this isn’t about liberalism vs conservatism. It’s just inevitable. We all have to face it. We have to artifically prioritize some elements of our culture to create cultural coherence. Otherwise, we will succumb to nihilism more rapidly. Although postmodernism is driven by the individual’s will for significance through unique expression, in the context of the Singularity, postmodernism’s influence on cultural speciation exacerbates nihilism’s disruptive influence by ultimately rendering the individual’s contribution to society indistinguishable.
Peak Postmodernism
Further, we have to accept that we are inherently more vulnerable to information itself. Influence, foreign or domestic, can undermine our decisions and policy, leveraging our own communication infrastructure to set Americans against one another. This prevents us from acting in unison and building on each other’s energy. Potential election interference, regardless of the specifics, demonstrates this potential for destabalization.
Shangri-La Or Bust
Humanity is approaching the pinnacle of civilization thus far. Paradoxically, the same technology that manifests our Shangri-La of total self awareness – the ability to know everything there is about being human – also heralds sociophysical paradigm shifts that magnify the potential for catastrophe. The beauty that we will see is what we should have been able to see all along. We must appreciate it, but beneath every paradise lurks danger shrouded in its magnetic allure. If we become distracted, disoriented or disillusioned, we will be blindsided.
We will be able to observe ourselves in near totality, connect to almost anyone globally, and solve all biological problems. Still, our greatest threat is nihilism and our greatest fear will be ourselves.
During our technological ascent, we will each have our own understanding of how the world has changed and how it has changed us. We must hedge against potential sources of turbulence, magnified by the principles of game theory. Technology will empower all players for better or worse. Rogue self-interests will exploit tactics built on novel sociophysical paradigms. An exponential rate of change obfuscates these new facets of life. Information warfare is all about using the energy of others for your own gain. The phenomena of spectral decoherence expands and confounds the construction of narratives. This also lends itself to deception and opportunistic tactics.
The Ablation of Causality
Virtualized communication networks impair our perception of causality, meaning cause and effect become indiscernable to the unaided individual and, thus, increasingly irrelevant. This could render causality itself a victim of information warfare.
The next section presents an overview of social physics, which itself is ancient. Now that virtualized channels dominate communication, this renders obsolete all cultures’ former incarnations of social physics, however they conceptualized it. The underlying mechanics do not change and by familiarizing ourselves with these foundations, we can anticipate the sociocultural implications of the Singularity.


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nips nips2001 nips2001-9 nips2001-9-reference knowledge-graph by maker-knowledge-mining
Source: pdf
Author: Michael Collins, S. Dasgupta, Robert E. Schapire
Abstract: Principal component analysis (PCA) is a commonly applied technique for dimensionality reduction. PCA implicitly minimizes a squared loss function, which may be inappropriate for data that is not real-valued, such as binary-valued data. This paper draws on ideas from the Exponential family, Generalized linear models, and Bregman distances, to give a generalization of PCA to loss functions that we argue are better suited to other data types. We describe algorithms for minimizing the loss functions, and give examples on simulated data.
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[3] J¨ rgen Forster and Manfred Warmuth. Relative expected instantaneous loss bounds. Journal of u Computer and System Sciences, to appear.
[4] Thomas Hofmann. Probabilistic latent semantic indexing. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 1999.
[5] I. T. Jolliffe. Principal Component Analysis. Springer-Verlag, 1986.
[6] D. D. Lee and H. S. Seung. Learning the parts of objects with nonnegative matrix factorization. Nature, 401:788, 1999.
[7] Daniel D. Lee and H. Sebastian Seung. Algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13, 2001.
[8] P. McCullagh and J. A. Nelder. Generalized Linear Models. CRC Press, 2nd edition, 1990.
[9] M. E. Tipping and C. M. Bishop. Probabilistic principal component analysis. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 61(3):611–622, 1999.
[10] Michael E. Tipping. Probabilistic visualisation of high-dimensional binary data. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 11, pages 592–598, 1999.


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- Catholic Diocese of Orlu mourns as Rev. Fr is Assassinated
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- Minister for Finance Adeosun Finally Attends NYSC
- Free betting expert tips
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- Bido - Post news, opinions, articles, questions, get involved your views matter and help make our society better!
- Tease your Brain
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- THE IRONY OF SCHOOLING
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- Easy and cheap visa at Kelabok travels
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- A CROSS SECTION OF AFRICAN LEADERS AT FOCA 2018
- Nigerians Reacts to the Suspension of Nigerian Air Project
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- Why Europe should focus on its growing interdependence with Africa
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- Manufacturing Manager
- Adrienne Bennett became the first black female master plumber in the US - CNN
- Wisdom for Wives: Your elegance catches his attention but your intelligence convinces him.
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- MAKE LIFE A CULTURE
- Imo Apc primary: I was with Gulak untill 1am before he escaped - committee's sec
- Electric Mercedes opens German assault on Tesla
- KNOWING IS NOT ENOUGH!
- Apply for the position of Investment Analyst at Lidya
- Ronaldo to miss all Portugal’s autumn internationals: coach
- AGUERO EXTENDS CITY CONTRACT
- Norbert Owona - how Samuel Eto'o helped Cameroon's ex-captain
- Messi Leads Champions League hat-trick record
- 2019; APC UK Chapter drums support for President Buhari`s re-election
- Gbagada FC Showing the way for Nigerian Football in Terms of Branding
- APC Stakeholders in Imo State Distances self from rescheduled Primaries
- Georgetown University Master of Science in Foreign Service (MSFS) Schilarship 2019/2020 for Study in the United States of America( Full tuition scholarship)
- BILINGUAL SECURITY MANAGER AT INTERNATIONAL SOS, WEST AFRICA
- NJC recommends dismissal of two judges
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- Nigerian Conservation Foundation Chief S.L Edu Research Grant 2019 for Nigerian PH.D Students
- Akwa Ibom State Governor Wins Sports Governor of the Year
- Beckham unveils Inter Miami CF Crest
- Shehu Promises Sokoto United 100k Per Goal against Kano Pillars
- MODRIC WINS FIFA WORLD BEST
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- Location: Mubi, AD, NG
- Graduate Trainee Programme 2018/2019
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- 2017/2018 SPDC JOINT VENTURE UNIVERSITY SCHOLARSHIPS
- WikiIndaba conference 2019
- PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS GROUP OF MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIA (PMG-MAN) IS RECRUITING FOR FULLTIME RESEARCH AND TRAINING MANAGER.
- Who We Are
- PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS GROUP OF MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIA (PMG-MAN) IS RECRUITING FOR FULL TIME EXECUTIVE SECRETARY.
- The MasterCard Foundation Scholars Program at UC Berkeley
- BRANCH ACCOUNTANT - BAYELSA AND CALABAR
- HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGER, AT A MANUFACTURING COMPANY IN OWERRI, IMO STATE
- WAAW FOUNDATION 2018/2019 STEM SCHOLARSHIP FOR NEED-BASED AFRICAN FEMALE STUDENTS
- UEFA Champions League Draw
- Fantastic city trash huddersfield
- Everton signs Lucas Dign
- Nigeria drops in new FIFA ranking


State Department approves $1b weapons sale to India
by EndPlayWASHINGTON (AP) - The State Department says it has approved the sale of naval guns and related equipment to India in a deal worth more than $1 billion.
The department says it provide the legally required notification to Congress of the proposed sale of up to 13 of the naval guns after it determined it was in the interests of U.S. national security by "improving the security of a strategic national partner."
A State Department statement issued Wednesday said that India would use the MK-45 Gun System as "a deterrent to regional threats and to strengthen its homeland defense."
The principal contractor would be BAE Systems Land and Armaments, based in Minneapolis with gun manufacturing in Louisville, Kentucky.


State (
window
)
State:
stopped
Buffer:
Example 1
start
— start mouse movement tracking.
stop
— stop mouse movement tracking.
show buffer
— show current buffer contents.
mark
— put a named marker into the stream.
debug
— put a debug marker and some data into the stream.
send
— send buffer contents to server in a POST request (check your server logs for details).


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My Unsolicited Advice For PyPy
I think the most interesting work in programming languages right now is about the runtime, not syntax or even the languages themselves. Which places PyPy in an interesting position, as they have put a great deal of effort into abstracting out the concept of runtime from the language they are implementing (Python).
There are of course other runtime environments available to Python. The main environment has and continues to be CPython — the runtime developed in parallel with the language, and with continuous incremental feedback and improvement by the Python developer community. It is the runtime that informs and is informed by the language. It’s also the runtime that is most easy-going about integrating with C libraries, and by extension it is part of the vague but important runtime environment of "Unix". There’s also Jython and IronPython. I frankly find these completely uninteresting. They are runtimes controlled by companies, not communities, and the Python implementations are neither natural parts of their runtime environments, nor do the runtimes include many concessions to make themselves natural for Python.
PyPy is somewhere different. It still has a tremendous challenge because Python was not developed for PyPy. Even small changes to the language seem impossible — something as seemingly innocuous as making builtins static seems to be stuck in a conservative reluctance to change. But unlike Jython and IronPython they aren’t stuck between a rock and a hard place; they just have to deal with the rock, not the hard place.
So here is my unsolicited advice on what PyPy-the-runtime should consider. Simple improvements to performance and the runtime are fine, but being incrementally better than CPython only goes so far, and I personally doubt it will ever make a big impact on Python that way.
PyPy should push hard on concurrency and reliability. If it is fast enough then that’s fine; that’s done as far as I’m concerned. I say this because I’m a web programmer, and speed is uninteresting to me. Certainly opinions will differ. But to me speed (as it’s normally defined) is really really uninteresting. When or if I care about speed I’m probably more drawn to Cython. I do care about latency, memory efficiency, scalability/concurrency, resource efficiency, and most of all worst cases. I don’t think a JIT addresses any of these (and can even make things worse). I don’t know of benchmarks that measure these parameters either.
I want a runtime with new and novel features; something that isn’t just incrementally better than CPython. This itself might seem controversial, as the only point to such novel features would be for people to implement at least some code intended for only PyPy. But if the features are good enough then I’m okay with this — and if I’m not drawn to write something that will only work on PyPy, I probably won’t be drawn to use PyPy at all; natural conservatism and inertia will keep me (and most people) on CPython indefinitely.
What do I want?
- Microprocesses. Stackless and greenlets have given us micro-threads, but it’s just not the same. Which is not entirely a criticism — it shows that unportable features are interesting when they are good features. But I want the next step, which is processes that don’t share state. (And implicitly I don’t just want standard async techniques, which use explicit concurrency and shared state.)
- Shared objects across processes with copy-on-write; then you can efficiently share objects (like modules!) across concurrent processes without the danger of shared state, but without the overhead of copying everything you want to share. Lack of this is hurting PHP, as you can’t have a rich set of libraries and share-nothing without killing your performance.
- I’d rather see a break in compatibility for C extensions to support this new model, than to abandon what could be PyPy’s best feature to support CPython’s C extension ecosystem. Being a web programmer I honestly don’t need many C modules, so maybe I’m biased. But if the rest of the system is good enough then the C extensions will come.
- Make sure resource sharing that happens outside of the Python environment is really solid. C libraries are often going to be unfriendly towards microprocesses; make sure what is exposed to the Python environment is solid. That might even mean a dangerous process mode that can handle ctypes and FFI and where you carefully write Python code that has extra powers, so long as there’s a strong wall between that code and "general" code that makes use of those services.
- Cython — it’s doing a lot of good stuff, and has a much more conservative but also more predictable path to performance (through things like type annotation). I think it’s worth leaning on. I also have something of a hunch that it could be a good way to do FFI in a safe manner, as Cython already supports multiple targets (Python 2 and 3) from the same codebase. Could PyPy be another target?
- Runtime introspection of the runtime. We have great language introspection (probably much to the annoyance of PyPy developers who have to copy this) but currently runtime introspection is poor-to-nonexistant. What processes are running? How much memory is each using? Where? Are they holding on to resources? Are they blocking on some non-Python library? How much CPU have they been using?
And I guess it doesn’t have to be "PyPy", but a new backend for PyPy to target; it doesn’t have to be the only path PyPy pursues.
With a runtime like this PyPy could be an absolutely rocking platform for web development. Python could be as reliable as, oh… PHP? Sorry, I probably won’t win arguments that way ;) As good as Erlang! Maybe we could get the benefits of async without the pain of callbacks or Deferreds. And these are features people would use. Right now I’m perceiving a problem where there’s lots of people standing on the sidelines cheering you on but not actually using PyPy.
So: I wouldn’t tell anyone what to do, and if someone tries this out I’ll probably only be on the sidelines cheering you on… but I really think this could be awesome.
Update: there’s some interesting comments on Hacker News as well.


Using Apache Drill with R
Bob Rudis
2018-03-30
Preface
Apache Drill “enables analysts, business users, data scientists and developers to explore and analyze this data without sacrificing the flexibility and agility offered by these datastores. Drill processes the data in-situ without requiring users to define schemas or transform data.”1
This book is about using Apache Drill with R and the sergeant
package. Rather than produce an extensive tome, the chapters are organized into a more “cookbook”-style production with some (brief) introductory exposition.
Rather than write “I” everywhere, be it known up-front that any idioms or advocation contatained within are from the mind of someone who has stared into the heart of the TARDIS yet did not perish (i.e. I’m far askew of the average/normal individual and some things that work for me may seem strange, inefficient or even crazy to others). Emphatic/declarative statements should be interpreted as “I [think|believe]” vs accepted as fact without your own personal verification. For example, I’m about to say “Drill is…” in the next paragraph and it’s all just my own delcarative take on this subject.
Drill is—in a word—awesome. On its own it can help you wrangle data out of (and into) parquet2, [CT]SV, JSON, MongoDB, MySQL, PostgreSQL (OK, anything that speaks JDBC), and more. You can scale it from a zero-configuration local filesystem install to a giant cluster with diverse data endpoints. You can speak SQL to it and have it translate into all the modern, heaven-forsaken NoSQL dialects for you (i.e. it can abstract away the query syntax of all the modern databases the crazy kids today use).
Drill lets you focus on a single way of thinking about data wrangling/processing so you can get to your analyses, visualizations, dasboards or reports more quickly. Drill also gives you an excuse to finally organize your data without (necessarily) creating a massive single “data lake” in the process.
There are plenty of other reasons for “why Drill?”3, and you can jump into the active community4 and even poke at the sources5 to gain a better understanding of the entirety of the mission/purpose of Drill.
The first few “recipes” will focus on Drill itself but the remainder of the book will be on solving specific problems or addressing specific situations with Drill & sergeant
. If you need an area to be addressed that is not covered, please file an issue with as clear a question as possible and a new recipe will be added to help clarify each new use-case.
Also, the earlier drafts of this book will focus on Linux-ish systems (including macOS). I’ll do my best to add Windows-specific context later on, but you’d be far better off installing Ubuntu in Windows 10 (since Microsoft supports that now).
0.1 Preparing R for Drill
Using Drill with R relies on RJDBC
which means your system will need Java and rJava
. You should spend some time on that now vs be frustrated later (if you do not currently have a working rJava
environment). File an issue on this repo if having a recipe for getting Java working with R would be beneficial. (Kinder souls could also file a PR with said assistance.)
The sergeant
package is available on CRAN but we may work with the GitHub version of it for this book in the event some enhancements are made to support recipes. If you prefer CRAN, then you can do:
otherwise, do:
Every effort will be made to identify recipes that may require functionality not in the CRAN stable release.
This book also makes extensive use of the tidyverse
meta-package, since one way to use sergeant
is via the database back-end of dplyr
. You will need to:
if you have not used packages from it before (it may take a few minutes, especially on Linux systems).


|
QuantLib: a free/open-source library for quantitative finance
Fully annotated sources - version 1.30
|
basic template implementation More...
#include <ql/math/interpolations/interpolation2d.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
| templateImpl (const I1 &xBegin, const I1 &xEnd, const I2 &yBegin, const I2 &yEnd, const M &zData) | |
| Real | xMin () const override |
| Real | xMax () const override |
| std::vector< Real > | xValues () const override |
| Real | yMin () const override |
| Real | yMax () const override |
| std::vector< Real > | yValues () const override |
| const Matrix & | zData () const override |
| bool | isInRange (Real x, Real y) const override |
| Public Member Functions inherited from Interpolation2D::Impl | |
| virtual | ~Impl ()=default |
| virtual void | calculate ()=0 |
| virtual Real | xMin () const =0 |
| virtual Real | xMax () const =0 |
| virtual std::vector< Real > | xValues () const =0 |
| virtual Size | locateX (Real x) const =0 |
| virtual Real | yMin () const =0 |
| virtual Real | yMax () const =0 |
| virtual std::vector< Real > | yValues () const =0 |
| virtual Size | locateY (Real y) const =0 |
| virtual const Matrix & | zData () const =0 |
| virtual bool | isInRange (Real x, Real y) const =0 |
| virtual Real | value (Real x, Real y) const =0 |
Protected Member Functions | |
| Size | locateX (Real x) const override |
| Size | locateY (Real y) const override |
Protected Attributes | |
| I1 | xBegin_ |
| I1 | xEnd_ |
| I2 | yBegin_ |
| I2 | yEnd_ |
| const M & | zData_ |
basic template implementation
Definition at line 87 of file interpolation2d.hpp.
| templateImpl | ( | const I1 & | xBegin, |
| const I1 & | xEnd, | ||
| const I2 & | yBegin, | ||
| const I2 & | yEnd, | ||
| const M & | zData | ||
| ) |
Definition at line 89 of file interpolation2d.hpp.
|
overridevirtual |
Implements Interpolation2D::Impl.
Definition at line 101 of file interpolation2d.hpp.
|
overridevirtual |
Implements Interpolation2D::Impl.
Definition at line 102 of file interpolation2d.hpp.
|
overridevirtual |
Implements Interpolation2D::Impl.
Definition at line 103 of file interpolation2d.hpp.
|
overridevirtual |
Implements Interpolation2D::Impl.
Definition at line 104 of file interpolation2d.hpp.
|
overridevirtual |
Implements Interpolation2D::Impl.
Definition at line 105 of file interpolation2d.hpp.
|
overridevirtual |
Implements Interpolation2D::Impl.
Definition at line 106 of file interpolation2d.hpp.
|
overridevirtual |
Implements Interpolation2D::Impl.
Definition at line 107 of file interpolation2d.hpp.
Implements Interpolation2D::Impl.
Definition at line 108 of file interpolation2d.hpp.
Implements Interpolation2D::Impl.
Definition at line 128 of file interpolation2d.hpp.
Implements Interpolation2D::Impl.
Definition at line 140 of file interpolation2d.hpp.
|
protected |
Definition at line 152 of file interpolation2d.hpp.
|
protected |
Definition at line 152 of file interpolation2d.hpp.
|
protected |
Definition at line 153 of file interpolation2d.hpp.
|
protected |
Definition at line 153 of file interpolation2d.hpp.
|
protected |
Definition at line 154 of file interpolation2d.hpp.


After you sign up with just an email address and password, Communic lets you browse, search through and contribute to a growing database of exciting projects initiated by our users.
By creating a project with a name, short description and an image, users make their ideas available for open collaboration with our community.
Each project is structured in a way that invites anyone it inspires to find a way to contribute while offering a clear and intuitive framework for bringing it to life.
Projects are divided into sections defined by users, which are further broken down into a series of tasks, with titles and descriptions. Once users have joined the project, they can review tasks, sign up to work on them, and add their own.
Communic is a springboard for connecting motivated creators and forming enduring teams around their shared passions and diverse skillsets.
Our design focuses on who is working on a specific project or task, allowing you to communicate, collaborate and meet up with other users who want to work on the same ideas, and to grow together by taking on new challenges with your past teammates.
Our transparent visual design maps the journey of a project as teams are formed and tasks are added, revised and completed.
The project page shows the project team, its sections and the status of each task. Tasks which have been completed or rethought are clearly distinguished, allowing everyone to easily and quickly understand what work has been done on the project, how the project has refined, and what still needs to be done.
Create an account
Explore all the projects and join those you like
Participate, contribute, do something!


d3¶
WARNING: this package is still in dev. expect bugs
d3 is another popular DOM manipulation library available in javascript. This is the python port of that.
It has several utilities for working with the DOM.
selection¶
d3’s selection API is very powerful.
from domonic.dom import *
from domonic.html import *
from domonic.d3.selection import *
import domonic.d3 as d3
format¶
d3’s has a library for formatting numbers to avoid things like floating precision
from domonic.dom import *
from domonic.html import *
from domonic.d3.format import *
from domonic.d3.format import format
dispatch¶
d3 has an event system
from domonic.dom import *
from domonic.html import *
from domonic.d3.dispatch import dispatch, Dispatch
path¶
d3’s path API converts SVG paths to a d3.path object which is compatible with canvas.
from domonic.svg import *
from domonic.d3.path import Path
polygon¶
d3’s has shape API
from domonic.d3.polygon import *


--- layout: post title: Got a new bike today date: 2011-06-19 20:33:21.000000000 -07:00 type: post published: true status: publish categories: [] tags: [] meta: {} author: ---


--- layout: page title: "Java Concurrency in Practice" prev: ch01lev1sec4.html next: ch02_split_000.html book_path: books/brian-goetz-tim-peierls-joshua-bloch-joseph-bowbeer-david-holmes-doug-lea-java-concurrency-in-practice--_oeb/ --- {% include JB/setup %} {% raw %}
{% endraw %}


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 2
Homemade fish and chips is guaranteed to be good. Try it with James Martin’s cold, crushed chilli peas, for a new twist on an old favourite.
For the fish and chips, heat the oil in a deep-fat fryer to 190C, or half fill a deep heavy pan with oil and heat until a breadcrumb sizzles and turns brown when dropped in. (Caution: Hot oil can be dangerous. Do not leave unattended.)
Sprinkle the yeast and sugar into a mixing bowl. Pour over the beer and vinegar and whisk in the flour and salt. Leave to ferment. It is ready to use when the mixture starts to bubble.
Dip the fish in the batter and deep-fry until golden-brown and cooked through (about 3-4 minutes). Remove with a slotted spoon and drain on kitchen paper.
Add the potatoes to the deep-fat fryer and fry for 3-4 minutes, or until golden-brown and crisp. Remove from the pan using a slotted spoon and set aside to drain on kitchen paper.
For the peas, place the peas, yoghurt, chilli flakes, salt and pepper into a blender and blend until almost smooth.
Mix in the mint just before serving and serve immediately with the fish and chips.


Tessellate
Form meaningful connections.
❮
❯
Type in the name of one person who is important to you, then click Remember.
Type in the name of another person who is important to you, then click Remember.
Type in the name of a third person who is important to you, then click Remember.


Problem Transformation¶
The skml.problem_transformation
module implements so called
meta-estimators to solve multi-label classification problems by transforming
them into a number of easier problems, i.e. binary classification problems.
Binary Relevance¶
Binary Relevance (skml.problem_transformation.BinaryRelevance
)
transforms a problem of multi-classification with labels
into a problem of binary classification problems, hence
trains classifiers that decide label-wise, if the example
that is currently being observed should have the label or not. (Dubbed PT-4 in
the cited paper.)
Note, that binary relevance is not capable of modeling label interdependence.
References:
| [1] | “Multi-Label Classification: An Overview.” Tsoumakas, Grigorios and Ioannis Katakis. in IJDWM 3 (2007): 1-13. |
Label Powerset¶
Label Powerset (skml.problem_transformation.LabelPowerset
) transforms
a multi-class classification problem into one multi-class problem, where all
possible label combinations are used as classes. So each possible combination
of labels is turned into one class. If the underlying multi-label problem
operates on the label space with
labels, label powerset will train classifiers, where
each one decides if the label combination should be assigned to an example.
Note, that while label powerset can model label interdependence, the computational feasibility can be reduced for a large number of labels, as the number of trained classifiers grows exponentially. (Dubbed PT-5 in the cited paper.)
References:
| [1] | “Multi-Label Classification: An Overview.” Tsoumakas, Grigorios and Ioannis Katakis. in IJDWM 3 (2007): 1-13. |
Classifier Chains¶
Classifier chains (skml.problem_transformation.ClassifierChain
)
improve the binary relevance
(skml.problem_transformation.BinaryRelevance
) method to use label
interdependence as well. For each label a classifier is trained. Besides the
first classifier in the chain, each subsequent classifier is trained on a
modified input vector, where the previous predicted labels are incorporated.
Thus, a chain of classifiers is predicted, and each classifier in the chain
gets also the previous class predictions as an input.
Note, that the performance of a single chain depends heavily on the order of the classifiers in the chain.
References:
| [2] | “Classifier chains for multi-label classification”, Read, J., Pfahringer, B., Holmes, G. & Frank, E. (2009). In Proceedings of European conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases 2009 (ECML PKDD 2009), Part II, LNAI 5782(pp. 254-269). Berlin: Springer. |
Probabilistic Classifier Chains¶
Probabilistic Classifier Chains
(skml.problem_transformation.ProbabilisticClassifierChain
)
–also known as PCC–
are an extension to the classic Classifier Chains
(skml.problem_transformation.ClassifierChain
)
and can be seen as a discrete greedy approximation of probabilistic classifier chains
with probabilities valued zero/one [3].
For each label a classifier is trained as in CC, however probabilistic classifiers are used. In fact [3], when used with non-probabilistic classifiers, CC is recovered from the posterior probability distribution .
Note, that PCC performs best, when a loss function that models label interdendence (such as Subset 0/1 loss) is used, and the labels in the data set are in fact interdependent. For more information on this, see [3].
The training is equivalent to CC, the inference (prediction) however is
more complex. For a detailed description of the inference, see
skml.problem_transformation.ProbabilisticClassifierChains
directly,
have a look at the source code, or refer to the paper [3].
References:
| [3] | “Bayes Optimal Multilabel Classification via Probabilistic Classifier Chains”, K. Dembczynski, W. Cheng, E. Hüllermeier (2010). ICML 2010 |


Hi! I'm a passionate developer working together with designers to always create the best User Experience. I'm always eager to embrace the latest Web Standards and to make sites and apps for mobile, desktop and all kind of devices.
{% assign projects = site.github.public_repositories | where: "archived", false | sort: "stargazers_count" | reverse %}My open-source projects
-
{% for project in projects %}
- {{ project.name }} {% endfor %}


= 37
num if num > 100:
print('greater')
else:
print('not greater')
not greater
if
and else
How can we use Python to automatically recognize differences in data such that it can change what code is run depending on the data and take a different action for each? In this chapter, we’ll learn how to write code that runs only when certain conditions are true.
We can ask Python to take different actions, depending on a condition, with an if
statement:
= 37
num if num > 100:
print('greater')
else:
print('not greater')
not greater
The second line of this code uses the keyword if
to tell Python that we want to make a choice. If the test that follows the if
keyword is true, the body of the if
(i.e., the lines indented underneath it) are executed. If the test is false, the body of the else
is executed instead. Only one or the other is ever executed:
The diagram below shows how this choice is being made.
The layout of code in Python is actually pretty important. The whitespace is structural and the amount of it tells us something about where we are in a program. Whitespace is particularly important in if
. By convention the indent under each new if
or else
should be four spaces.
if x > y:
do_something()
An if
within an if
needs further indentation - it must also be four spaces further in, so a total of eight spaces.
if x > 100:
print("bigger than 100")
if x < 120:
print("but smaller than 120")
else:
print("and bigger than 120")
else:
print("x is too small")
This rule propagates, so a third level would need twelve spaces etc.
Note how the code above is structured now. Code at the same indentation is in the same group of code - at the same level. We can easily see which if
and else
go together as pairs. This is the point of using whitespace like this - it gives us clean and visually consistent programs which the designers of Python value.
A common gotcha is that you always have to undo the indent at the end of the block. The first bit of the rest of the code must always be fully at the left of the page or Python will interpret the code incorrectly.
These indentation rules apply in other places in Python code and we’ll come across them in due course.
if
sConditional statements don’t have to include an else
. If there isn’t one, Python simply does nothing if the test is false:
= 53
num print('before conditional...')
if num > 100:
print(num,' is greater than 100')
print('...after conditional')
before conditional...
...after conditional
We can also chain several tests together using elif
, which is short for “else if”. The following Python code uses elif
to print the sign of a number.
= -3
num
if num > 0:
print(num, 'is positive')
elif num == 0:
print(num, 'is zero')
else:
print(num, 'is negative')
-3 is negative
Note that the if
and elif
bits are mutually exclusive. Only one of them ever gets executed.
Note that to test for equality we use a double equals sign ==
rather than a single equals sign =
which is already used to assign values.
Python has all the standard logical operators that let us combine tests. Most commonly there is and
and or
. An and
operator is only true if both parts are true:
if (1 > 0) and (-1 > 0):
print('both parts are true')
else:
print('at least one part is false')
at least one part is false
while or
is true if at least one part is true:
if (1 < 0) or (-1 < 0):
print('at least one test is true')
at least one test is true
True
and False
are special words in Python called booleans
, which represent truth values. A statement such as 1 < 0
returns the value False
, while -1 < 0
returns the value True
.
True
and False
booleans are not the only values in Python that are true and false. In fact, any value can be used in an if
or elif
.
if '':
print('empty string is true')
if 'word':
print('word is true')
if []:
print('empty list is true')
if [1, 2, 3]:
print('non-empty list is true')
if 0:
print('zero is true')
if 1:
print('one is true')
word is true
non-empty list is true
one is true
It may seem strange to set things up this way, but in Python in practice it allows for some nice and easy to read and write constructions.
Sometimes it is useful to check whether some condition is not true. The Boolean operator not
can do this explicitly.
if not '':
print('empty string is not true')
if not 'word':
print('word is not true')
if not not True:
print('not not True is true')
empty string is not true
not not True is true
if 4 > 5:
print('A')
elif 4 == 5:
print('B')
elif 4 < 5:
print('C')
Which of the following would be printed if you were to run this code? Why did you pick this answer?
if 4 > 5:
print('A')
if 4 <= 5:
print('B')
if 4 < 5:
print('C')
Which of the following would be printed if you were to run this code? Why did you pick this answer?
if 4 > 5:
print('A')
elif 4 <= 5:
print('B')
elif 4 < 5:
print('C')
Which of the following would be printed if you were to run this code? Why did you pick this answer?


The OWNERS files
The OWNERS
files are a way of specifying a set of reviewers whose review is required to modify certain areas of code.
When contributing code, for each file modified in a pull request, a "LGTM" review is required from someone listed in the OWNERS file in that directory, or in the OWNERS file in a parent / higher-level directory of that file. That means that the approver must type "lgtm" (case insensitive) into a comment on the pull request.
Examples
You want to change code in xwalk/extensions/browser/xwalk_extension_service.h
.
Either you or one of the change’s reviewers must be an owner of xwalk/extensions/browser/
.
Who owns xwalk/extensions/browser
? Everyone named in xwalk/extensions/browser/OWNERS
. In addition, everyone named in xwalk/extensions/OWNERS
can review this code, and so on up the directory tree. If no OWNERS
file exists in the directory containing a modified file, crawl up the hierarchy to find the nearest one.
Another example:
You want to do a refactoring and make some changes to XWalkExtension
that require you touch code in many different directories due to a renamed method. You make changes to xwalk/extensions/common/xwalk_extension.h
and to callsites in xwalk/experimental
, xwalk/application
, and elsewhere, across different sub directories. You could either get a LGTM from someone listed in the OWNERS file of each of these 20 subdirectories, or you could get a LGTM from someone listed in xwalk/OWNERS
.
Why OWNERS?
OWNERS are people who are intimately familiar with specific areas of code. They have a deep understanding of how the code works, why it was built the way it was and what needs to happen to the code to improve it.
OWNERS are responsible for ensuring the quality of code in their directory remains high and improves over time.
Who should be in an OWNERS file?
Only the people who are actively investing energy in the improvement of a directory should be listed as OWNERS.
OWNERS are expected to have demonstrated excellent judgment, teamwork and ability to uphold Crosswalk development principles. They must understand the development process.
Additionally, for someone to be listed as an OWNER of a directory they must be approved by the other OWNERS of the affected directory. Some guidelines:
- already acting as an OWNER, providing high-quality reviews and design feedback
- have submitted a substantial number of non-trivial changes to the affected directory
- have committed or reviewed substantial work to the affected directory within the last 90 days
- have the bandwidth to contribute with other OWNERS to review of code within the affected directory
- have demonstrated ability to understand how the directory interacts with other parts of Crosswalk
How to change the OWNERS file?
It is up to OWNERS of a directory (and of its parent directories) to keep the list up to date. OWNERS lists should be as small as possible to encourage better code modularization. When a directory has many hundreds of files, it becomes hard to understand which OWNERS are familiar with which files.
There is a mailing list in Crosswalk dedicated to maintainence of the OWNERS files, in which all OWNERS participate. Before changing an OWNERS file in a directory, one OWNER must first send an email about the change to this list, making it clear the reasons why that change is in accordance with the guidelines above.
To actually make the change, the change must get positive support from at least other two OWNERS. If there is negative feedback on the change, the OWNERS of the parent directory have the final word (up to the xwalk/OWNERS
).
The email and approval of other OWNERS ensure that guidelines are being followed and serve as notification for other OWNERS. After 7 days with at least two supporters and without negative feedback, a patch with the pull request should be created, and if it's a new OWNER, he/she should merge the pull request to ensure repository permissions are working.


semget - get a System V semaphore set identifier
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
int semget(key_t key, int
nsems, int semflg);
The semget() system call returns the System V semaphore set
identifier associated with the argument key. It may be used either to
obtain the identifier of a previously created semaphore set (when
semflg is zero and key does not have the value
IPC_PRIVATE), or to create a new set.
A new set of nsems semaphores is created if key has
the value IPC_PRIVATE or if no existing semaphore set is associated
with key and IPC_CREAT is specified in semflg.
If semflg specifies both IPC_CREAT and
IPC_EXCL and a semaphore set already exists for key, then
semget() fails with errno set to EEXIST. (This is
analogous to the effect of the combination O_CREAT | O_EXCL for
open(2).)
Upon creation, the least significant 9 bits of the argument
semflg define the permissions (for owner, group and others) for the
semaphore set. These bits have the same format, and the same meaning, as the
mode argument of open(2) (though the execute permissions are
not meaningful for semaphores, and write permissions mean permission to
alter semaphore values).
When creating a new semaphore set, semget() initializes the
set's associated data structure, semid_ds (see semctl(2)), as
follows:
- sem_perm.cuid and sem_perm.uid are set to the effective user
ID of the calling process.
- sem_perm.cgid and sem_perm.gid are set to the effective
group ID of the calling process.
- The least significant 9 bits of sem_perm.mode are set to the least
significant 9 bits of semflg.
- sem_nsems is set to the value of nsems.
- sem_otime is set to 0.
- sem_ctime is set to the current time.
The argument nsems can be 0 (a don't care) when a semaphore
set is not being created. Otherwise, nsems must be greater than 0 and
less than or equal to the maximum number of semaphores per semaphore set
(SEMMSL).
If the semaphore set already exists, the permissions are
verified.
If successful, the return value will be the semaphore set identifier (a
nonnegative integer), otherwise, -1 is returned, with errno indicating
the error.
On failure, errno will be set to one of the following:
- EACCES
- A semaphore set exists for key, but the calling process does not
have permission to access the set, and does not have the
CAP_IPC_OWNER capability in the user namespace that governs its IPC
namespace.
- EEXIST
- IPC_CREAT and IPC_EXCL were specified in semflg, but
a semaphore set already exists for key.
- EINVAL
- nsems is less than 0 or greater than the limit on the number of
semaphores per semaphore set (SEMMSL).
- EINVAL
- A semaphore set corresponding to key already exists, but
nsems is larger than the number of semaphores in that set.
- ENOENT
- No semaphore set exists for key and semflg did not specify
IPC_CREAT.
- ENOMEM
- A semaphore set has to be created but the system does not have enough
memory for the new data structure.
- ENOSPC
- A semaphore set has to be created but the system limit for the maximum
number of semaphore sets (SEMMNI), or the system wide maximum
number of semaphores (SEMMNS), would be exceeded.
The inclusion of <sys/types.h> and <sys/ipc.h> isn't
required on Linux or by any version of POSIX. However, some old
implementations required the inclusion of these header files, and the SVID
also documented their inclusion. Applications intended to be portable to such
old systems may need to include these header files.
IPC_PRIVATE isn't a flag field but a key_t type. If
this special value is used for key, the system call ignores all but
the least significant 9 bits of semflg and creates a new semaphore
set (on success).
The values of the semaphores in a newly created set are indeterminate.
(POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008 are explicit on this point, although
POSIX.1-2008 notes that a future version of the standard may require an
implementation to initialize the semaphores to 0.) Although Linux, like many
other implementations, initializes the semaphore values to 0, a portable
application cannot rely on this: it should explicitly initialize the
semaphores to the desired values.
Initialization can be done using semctl(2) SETVAL or
SETALL operation. Where multiple peers do not know who will be the
first to initialize the set, checking for a nonzero sem_otime in the
associated data structure retrieved by a semctl(2) IPC_STAT
operation can be used to avoid races.
The following limits on semaphore set resources affect the semget() call:
- SEMMNI
- System-wide limit on the number of semaphore sets. On Linux systems before
version 3.19, the default value for this limit was 128. Since Linux 3.19,
the default value is 32,000. On Linux, this limit can be read and modified
via the fourth field of /proc/sys/kernel/sem.
- SEMMSL
- Maximum number of semaphores per semaphore ID. On Linux systems before
version 3.19, the default value for this limit was 250. Since Linux 3.19,
the default value is 32,000. On Linux, this limit can be read and modified
via the first field of /proc/sys/kernel/sem.
- SEMMNS
- System-wide limit on the number of semaphores: policy dependent (on Linux,
this limit can be read and modified via the second field of
/proc/sys/kernel/sem). Note that the number of semaphores
system-wide is also limited by the product of SEMMSL and
SEMMNI.
The name choice IPC_PRIVATE was perhaps unfortunate, IPC_NEW would
more clearly show its function.
semctl(2), semop(2), ftok(3), capabilities(7),
sem_overview(7), sysvipc(7)
This page is part of release 5.05 of the Linux man-pages project. A
description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest
version of this page, can be found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.


Commit New Investment
Package 1
Make 3.44BNB payment to 0x1232434212434
copy wallet address: pay via external wallet
{% extends "app_user/base.html" %} {% load static %} {% block content %} {% include 'app_user/nav.html' %} {% include 'app_user/sidebar.html' %}
Package 1
Make 3.44BNB payment to 0x1232434212434
copy wallet address: pay via external wallet


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block document %} TensorLy Simple and Fast Tensor Learning in Python Minimal dependencies Tested and optimised Thorough documentation Pure Python NumPy, PyTorch and MXnet backends Get started Discover TensorLy's functionalities! Install TensorLy Installation instructions User Guide A friendly guide to tensor learning Examples See usage examples with code API Functions and classes documentation Authors About the developers Contribute on Github Source code {% include 'footer.html' %} {% endblock document %}
Get started
Discover TensorLy's functionalities!
Install TensorLy
Installation instructions
User Guide
A friendly guide to tensor learning
Examples
See usage examples with code
API
Functions and classes documentation
Authors
About the developers
Contribute on Github
Source code


Let's get started
Pick any special number and we'll show all the numbers from one to your special number with a special surprise!
Submit here!


SciSky is a YouTube channel dedicated to sharing my passion for space and science. We often learn WHAT to think through our education, but this channel emphasizes HOW to think on a variety of topics. Using the tools of science, we can create a better world for everyone!
Click on the pages tab to explore activities I have created that are related to space and science!


---
title: Arrows without Overlay
subtitle: By default the arrows overlay onto the active slide(s), you can put them in their own separate container if you wish.
layout: example
---
{% capture html %}
1
2
3
4
5
{% endcapture %}
{% capture js %}
{% endcapture %}
{% include snippethtml.html content=html %}
{% include snippetjs.html content=js %}


rotten > Library > Religion > Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Buddha. The general creed of Buddhism is based on the "four noble truths" and the "eightfold path."

 You can achieve nirvana.
- The way to achieve nirvana is by following the eightfold path.
Naturally, when you hear about these truths, you're going to be curious about the eightfold path, which consists of:
- Right views, i.e., smarten up.
- Right intentions. Once you're smart, try to do the right thing.
- Right speech. Say the right thing.
- Right action. Knowing and saying the right thing isn't good enough, you have to actually do the right thing.
- Right livelihood. Make your living in an honorable way, i.e., don't work for Halliburton.
- Right effort. All of the above doesn't just happen on its own. You have to work at it.
- Right mindfulness. Once you've beaten your physical self into submission, you have to start working on your mental state, seeking the ability to think clearly and see things as they really are.
- Right concentration. Focus, focus, focus! The path is only complete when you have refined your mind into a state of total focus on reality, which is generally thought to be accomplished by the process of meditation.
Following the eightfold path is key to Buddhism's system of spiritual advancement, in which doing the right thing (as outlined above) earns you karma, metaphysical bonus points which can be exchanged for only one fabulous prize, Nirvana. In order to make the trade, however, you have to accumulate an unspecified number of karma points, a process which usually takes several lifetimes. (Your karma points roll over when you're reincarnated.) Alternatively, you can lose karma points by engaging in wrong views, wrong intentions, wrong speech, wrong actions, and so on.
The Buddhist concept of karma comes from Hinduism, and some Buddhists revere Hindu deities. Buddhists also believe in yin and yang, which is drawn from Taoism.
See Buddha, Hinduism, Taoism, I-Ching.
Pornopolis |
Rotten |
Faces of Death |
Famous Nudes
|


--- layout: default ---
PWA that takes data from the Star Wars API and creates a graph based on the relationships of the entries


Profile
Each TUPian have an already-made account to access TUP E-Learning where they can bring studying online.
TUP E-Learning is an interactive website exclusively for the Technological University of the Philippines. It aims to create a convenient online learning environment between TUP students and professors.
Each TUPian have an already-made account to access TUP E-Learning where they can bring studying online.
Students can have access to lessons per topic from different classes; and take exams online.
Students can download modules from their classes and review lessons anytime, anywhere.
Students have achievement board where every activity they do inside the E-Learning is recorded.
Both students and professors can connect with each other through personal message and discussions.
Students are required to enter a verificaion code to join a specific online class created by professors.
The Technological University of the Philippines shall be the premiere state university with recognized excellence in engineering and technology education at par with leading universities in the ASEAN region.
The Technological University shall provide higher and advanced vocational, technical, industrial and professional education and training in the industries and technology, and practical arts leading to certificates, diplomas and degrees. It shaall provide progressive leadership in applied research developmental studies in technical, industrial, and technological fields and production using indigenous materials; effect technology transfer in the countryside; and assist in the development of small-and-medium scale indusrtries in identified growth centers.
TUP is struggling to have an E-Learning Website that can teach or help student to learn more in their chosen field or courses. Thus, the following TUP personnel are the reasons behind the making of this website.
Through your hard work, you have created a learning campus that can generate technologically erudite society.  The achievements you have realized are remarkable. I’m deeply gratified to have the opportunity to serve with you.
First things first, as a user and a TUP faculty, it’s better if during account creation and or login, TUP-related ID information would be used as a username since this project should be exclusively available for TUP students and professors. For the password, a default one should suffice but immediate request for a password change should be implemented as to avoid account misuse issues.
As a professor, I want a site where I can provide lists of lectures and modules to the students so they can have advance readings about certain topics and we can have a smooth conversation inside the classroom. I also want a part of that website where I can give assignments, quizzes, and examinations so that we are not going to be late in the school calendar.


Your Team:
Manager
Addie
ID: 1
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Office Number: 13
Engineer
Ashley
ID: 3
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Github Username: ashleyashley
Engineer
Mike
ID: 2
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Github Username: mikemike
Intern
Shae
ID: 5
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>School: Harvard
Intern
Aidan
ID: 4
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>School: Yale


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Monday
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Extra Morning News
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Match Play. Red leads 4-1 to 5, Crawford Game. How should Red play 64?
pips Red=92 White=105
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
This is an object lesson in staying awake!
I had this position this week in a London League and for some reason made the money play 16/12*, 16/10. For money the hit is clear because it wins many more gammons (assuming the cub has been turned) but at Crawford Red should let White destroy his home board to maximise his game-winning rather than his gammon-winning chances.
As a result White got far more play than he should have and I was lucky to win the game. Lesson learnt!
I had this position this week in a London League and for some reason made the money play 16/12*, 16/10. For money the hit is clear because it wins many more gammons (assuming the cub has been turned) but at Crawford Red should let White destroy his home board to maximise his game-winning rather than his gammon-winning chances.
As a result White got far more play than he should have and I was lucky to win the game. Lesson learnt!
1. Cubeful 2-ply 16/12* 16/10 Eq.: +0.846 0.924 0.344 0.021 - 0.076 0.002 0.000 2. Cubeful 2-ply 16/12*/6 Eq.: +0.844 (-0.002) 0.923 0.347 0.022 - 0.077 0.002 0.000 3. Cubeful 2-ply 16/6 Eq.: +0.842 (-0.004) 0.922 0.173 0.007 - 0.078 0.002 0.000 4. Cubeful 2-ply 16/10 6/2 Eq.: +0.817 (-0.029) 0.910 0.162 0.007 - 0.090 0.003 0.000 5. Cubeful 0-ply 16/10 7/3 Eq.: +0.148 (-0.698) 0.643 0.161 0.008 - 0.357 0.135 0.004


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GREENFINGERS A film review by Pete Croatto Copyright 2001 filmcritic.com
My summer was recently saved by two very different movies.  Then a few nights later, I watched and thoroughly enjoyed Joel Hershman's Greenfingers even though it didn't feature a trip to band camp, girl-on-girl action, or Seann William Scott.
However, I felt just as good leaving American Pie 2 as I did after leaving Greenfingers, which tells the offbeat tale of British murderer Colin Briggs (Clive Owen of Croupier). After spending roughly half of his life behind bars, he is transferred to a more lenient facility, Edgefield. The picaresque, rustic prison allows its inmates to learn a trade, while enjoying accommodations generally found at most colleges.
At first, Briggs doesn't want to be there. He's used to living as a prisoner and wants to be left alone. However, his ailing roommate, Fergus (David Kelly of Waking Ned Devine), wears Briggs down through his benign nature. The two become friends, with Fergus giving Colin a packet of violet seeds as a Christmas gift.
Briggs is astonished when the violets grow in the limestone soil, and begins a fight with three other prisoners when an errant soccer ball smashes his beloved flowers. After the prison's governor (Warren Clarke) reprimands them, he's awed at what Briggs has accomplished. And he's struck by an idea -- Briggs, Fergus and the other men will grow a garden on the prison's grounds.
Greenfingers, which is "inspired by actual events," becomes a bit like a sports movie after that. Despite their differences, the men come together and through hard work and love earn a spot at the big game -- in this case a prestigious garden show. One renegade, in this case, Briggs, will prove to have talent. Of course, love will also rear its head (no, not "prison love"). To Hershman's credit, he doesn't pump up the drama or try for cheap laughs, like last year's lame marijuana comedy Saving Grace. I had to keep pinching myself when I didn't see a single scene of a hardened con sneezing over a pot of pansies, or the men giving high-fives over a particularly stunning batch of wildflowers.
The movie deals with people and scores on that concept. It's wonderful seeing Briggs turn from a bitter prisoner to a man who cares again. Give credit to Owen for keeping his cool in a part that begs for overacting. His speech to the parole board about being reborn through gardening is the best scene of its kind since Morgan Freeman's last stand in The Shawshank Redemption.
Written by Hershman, Greenfingers contains plenty of laughs. Most come courtesy of Helen Mirren, who shines as the world-class gardener who works with the inmates but fears for her daughter Primrose (Natasha Little) when she starts dating Briggs. The mother can't believe what he'll do if her daughter "burns the Sunday roast."
Nothing is forced in Greenfingers. The funny lines come forth naturally in conversations and not from punch lines. Primrose and Briggs' relationship takes awkward steps. Even when Briggs decides to go back to Edgefield, it's done for reasons of loyalty, not because the movie requires him to do so. After grimacing through the forced screwball antics of movies like America's Sweethearts and The Princess Dairies, it's an almost indescribable pleasure to see a director taking his time to tell a story very well.

Visit filmcritic.com on the Web at http://www.filmcritic.com
========== X-RAMR-ID: 29233 X-Language: en X-RT-ReviewID: 244267 X-RT-TitleID: 1108959 X-RT-SourceID: 178 X-RT-AuthorID: 3402 X-RT-RatingText: 4/5
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Now, the only question is: what would you like to do with it? The code is here.
For my money, the great advantage of this UI pattern is that it allows the designer to expose "Power User" features in a minimally obtrusive manner. All of the actions listed in the dropdown should be available from other screens in your application: this would be a list of common next steps that an advanced user might want to directly launch right into after viewing this page.
I also tend to prefer to keep control surfaces big, inviting, and kinda chunky, so when an interface gets complex this is a way to avoid clutter.
There's really very little code required:
jQuery(function($) {
$(".menu_toggle").live("click", function() {
$(this).toggleClass("active");
var disclosure = $(this).siblings(".quickactions_menu").first();
disclosure.
toggle().
css({ top: "-9px", left: "-2px", paddingTop: $(this).outerHeight() + 2 + "px" });
//cancel event
return false;
});
});
If you want it to close when the user clicks anywhere else on the page, add:
.live("quickactions.close", function() {
$(this).removeClass("active");
var disclosure = $(this).siblings(".quickactions_menu").first();
disclosure.hide();
});
$("body").bind("click", function() {
// I'm sure there's a better jQuery way to specify a graph of nodes that should not trigger the close behavior, but
// I took the easy way out:
if($(this).is("body")) {
$(".menu_toggle").trigger("quickactions.close");
}
});
The required css is quite minimal as well. To make it look good is another thing altogether. See the attached stylesheet.
div.quickactions {
position: relative;
display: inline;
}
.quickactions .menu_toggle {
position: relative;
z-index: 15;
}
.quickactions .quickactions_menu {
position: absolute;
overflow: auto;
left: 0;
top: 1.5em;
width: 15em;
z-index: 10;
}