| revision-up-to: | 8961 (1.0) |
|---|
... and how to contribute.
Django’s documentation uses the Sphinx documentation system, which in turn is based on docutils. The basic idea is that lightly-formatted plain-text documentation is transformed into HTML, PDF, and any other output format.
To actually build the documentation locally, you’ll currently need to install Sphinx – easy_install Sphinx should do the trick.
Then, building the html is easy; just make html from the docs directory.
To get started contributing, you’ll want to read the ReStructuredText Primer. After that, you’ll want to read about the Sphinx-specific markup that’s used to manage metadata, indexing, and cross-references.
The main thing to keep in mind as you write and edit docs is that the more semantic markup you can add the better. So:
Add ``django.contrib.auth`` to your ``INSTALLED_APPS``...
Isn't nearly as helpful as:
Add :mod:`django.contrib.auth` to your :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS`...
This is because Sphinx will generate proper links for the later, which greatly helps readers. There's basically no limit to the amount of useful markup you can add.
Besides the Sphinx built-in markup, Django's docs defines some extra description units:
Settings:
.. setting:: INSTALLED_APPS
To link to a setting, use :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS`.
Template tags:
.. templatetag:: regroup
To link, use :ttag:`regroup`.
Template filters:
.. templatefilter:: linebreaksbr
To link, use :tfilter:`linebreaksbr`.
Field lookups (i.e. Foo.objects.filter(bar__exact=whatever)):
.. fieldlookup:: exact
To link, use :lookup:`exact`.
django-admin commands:
.. django-admin:: syncdb
To link, use :djadmin:`syncdb`.
django-admin command-line options:
.. django-admin-option:: --traceback
To link, use :djadminopt:`--traceback`.
For a quick example of how it all fits together, check this out:
First, the ref/settings.txt document starts out like this:
.. _ref-settings: Available settings ================== ...
Next, if you look at the topics/settings.txt document, you can see how a link to ref/settings works:
Available settings ================== For a full list of available settings, see the :ref:`settings reference <ref-settings>`.
Next, notice how the settings (right now just the top few) are annotated:
.. setting:: ADMIN_FOR ADMIN_FOR --------- Default: ``()`` (Empty tuple) Used for admin-site settings modules, this should be a tuple of settings modules (in the format ``'foo.bar.baz'``) for which this site is an admin. The admin site uses this in its automatically-introspected documentation of models, views and template tags.
This marks up the following header as the "canonical" target for the setting ADMIN_FOR This means any time I talk about ADMIN_FOR, I can reference it using :setting:`ADMIN_FOR`.
That's basically how everything fits together.
The work is mostly done, but here's what's left, in rough order of priority.
Fix up generic view docs: adapt Chapter 9 of the Django Book (consider this TODO item my permission and license) into topics/generic-views.txt; remove the intro material from ref/generic-views.txt and just leave the function reference.
Change the "Added/changed in development version" callouts to proper Sphinx .. versionadded:: or .. versionchanged:: directives.
Check for and fix malformed links. Do this by running make linkcheck and fix all of the 300+ errors/warnings.
In particular, look at all the relative links; these need to be changed to proper references.
Most of the various index.txt documents have very short or even non-existent intro text. Each of those documents needs a good short intro the content below that point.
The glossary is very perfunctory. It needs to be filled out.
Add more metadata targets: there's lots of places that look like:
``File.close()`` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
... these should be:
.. method:: File.close()
That is, use metadata instead of titles.
Add more links -- nearly everything that's an inline code literal right now can probably be turned into a xref.
See the literals_to_xrefs.py file in _ext -- it's a shell script to help do this work.
This will probably be a continuing, never-ending project.
Add info field lists where appropriate.
Add .. code-block:: <lang> to literal blocks so that they get highlighted.
Some hints for making things look/read better:
Whenever possible, use links. So, use :setting:`ADMIN_FOR` instead of ``ADMIN_FOR``.
Some directives (.. setting::, for one) are prefix-style directives; they go before the unit they're describing. These are known as "crossref" directives. Others (.. class::, e.g.) generate their own markup; these should go inside the section they're describing. These are called "description units".
You can tell which are which by looking at in _ext/djangodocs.py; it registers roles as one of the other.
When referring to classes/functions/modules, etc., you'll want to use the fully-qualified name of the target (:class:`django.contrib.contenttypes.models.ContentType`).
Since this doesn't look all that awesome in the output -- it shows the entire path to the object -- you can prefix the target with a ~ (that's a tilde) to get just the "last bit" of that path. So :class:`~django.contrib.contenttypes.models.ContentType` will just display a link with the title "ContentType".
Aug 31, 2012


Pitch invader in Ghana-South Africa game charged with unlawful entry and offensive character
Awal Sulemana the pitch invader in Ghana’s game against South Africa in the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier has been charged with unlawful entry and offensive character as he appeared before court today.
Awal Sulemana identified as the pitch invader appeared in court today and was charged with unlawful entry and offensive character.
According to him, he went on the pitch to take a selfie with Atletico Madrid star Thomas Partey.
Awal Sulemana made his way onto the pitch in the 74th minute where he outrun some security officials before he was later apprehended.
According to sources, the pitch invader is a nurse who is awaiting postings and a resident of Kotokoraba, a suburb of Cape Coast.
"I heard they (Black Stars) will be stopping at Mankessim, but I knew the only opportunity I had to take a picture with Thomas Partey was on the field, that is why I rushed there", he revealed.


| 018:019 Khan | : |
Likewise, We awakened them (from their long deep sleep) that they might question one another. A speaker from among them said: "How long have you stayed (here)?" They said: "We have stayed (perhaps) a day or part of a day." They said: "Your Lord (Alone) knows best how long you have stayed (here). So send one of you with this silver coin of yours to the town, and let him find out which is the good lawful food, and bring some of that to you. And let him be careful and let no man know of you. |
| 018:019 Maulana | : |
And thus did We rouse them that they might question each other. A speaker from among them said: How long have you tarried? They said: We have tarried for a day or a part of a day. (Others) said: Your Lord knows best how long you have tarried. Now send one of you with this silver (coin) of yours to the city, then let him see what food is purest, and bring you provision from it, and let him behave with gentleness, and not make your case known to anyone. |
| 018:019 Pickthal | : |
And in like manner We awakened them that they might question one another. A speaker from among them said: How long have ye tarried? They said: We have tarried a day or some part of a day, (Others) said: Your Lord best knoweth what ye have tarried.  Let him be courteous and let no man know of you. |
| 018:019 Rashad | : |
When we resurrected them, they asked each other, "How long have you been here?" "We have been here one day or part of the day," they answered. "Your Lord knows best how long we stayed here, so let us send one of us with this money to the city. Let him fetch the cleanest food, and buy some for us. Let him keep a low profile, and attract no attention. |
| 018:019 Sarwar | : |
We roused them from their sleep so that they would question each other about their stay in the cave. One of them said, "How long do you think we have stayed here?" They replied, "A day or part of a day." They added, " Your Lord knows better how long we have stayed here. Let us send one of us with this money to the city to get some pure food so that we might eat. He should be careful so that no one will know about us. If they were to recognize us, |
| 018:019 Shakir | : |
And thus did We rouse them that they might question each other. A speaker among them said: How long have you tarried? They said: We have tarried for a day or a part of a day. (Others) said: Your Lord knows best how long you have tarried. Now send one of you with this silver (coin) of yours to the city, then let him see which of them has purest food, so let him bring you provision from it, and let him behave with gentleness, and by no means make your case known to any one: |
| 018:019 Sherali | : |
And so WE raised them up that they might question one another. One of them said, 'How long have you tarried?' They said, 'We have tarried a day or part of a day.' Others said, 'Your Lord knows best the time you have tarried. Now send one of you with these silver coins of yours to the city; and let him see which of the inhabitants has the purest food, and let him bring you provisions thereof. And let him be courteous but let him not inform anyone about you; |
| 018:019 Yusufali | : |
Such (being their state), we raised them up (from sleep), that they might question each other. Said one of them, "How long have ye stayed (here)?" They said, "We have stayed (perhaps) a day, or part of a day." (At length) they (all) said, "Allah (alone) knows best how long ye have stayed here.... Now send ye then one of you with this money of yours to the town: let him find out which is the best food (to be had) and bring some to you, that (ye may) satisfy your hunger therewith: And let him behave with care and courtesy, and let him not inform any one about you. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > توحيد الله تعالي > صفات الله تعالى > أعلم Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Oneness of Allah> His Glory's Characteristics> The One who Knows Better الإيمان > اليوم الآخر > البعث Faith> The Hereafter> The Resurrection القصص والتاريخ > أصحاب الكهف The Stories and the History>Cave People
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


About Me
Hello everyone! My name is Phillip Barnet, I'm 26, live in Oakland, CA, and am recently married. I graduated from UC Berkeley with a degree in Environmental Economics and Policy, but last worked as a case manager and program coordinator for a mentoring and work readiness program for at risk youth. I had been looking for a career change and have always wanted to create apps and programs that I believe could benefit myself, others, and our society, so when an opportunity to attend DBC out here in San Francisco presented itself, I excitedly pursued it. I do photography and graphic design on the side, but DBC is my number one priority. I am most excited to learn the intricacies of coding, the different languages, and how it can be used to create very complex, but beneficial programs and applications. I look forward to getting to know all of you better over the next 9 weeks and eventually meeting you.


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Is your closet crammed with hidden treasures? Here’s how to unlock the surprise value in your wardrobe
by Algoa FMWe all have a touch of "wardrobe guilt" when we see those luxury items we once loved but no longer wear.
But what if there was a way to prevent pricey garments from gathering dust and turn them into cash instead?
Well, there is. Meet your wardrobe (and wallet’s) new best friend: Cudoni - the seamless buying and selling platform that helps you sell your pre-loved luxury items with minimal effort and maximum results.
How can you turn your luxuries into cash? Our how-to guide tells you what is worth selling and how exactly to do it...
Moving on in style: Sell your pre-loved luxury with minimal effort and maximum results with Cudoni - the easiest way to unlock money from your closet
Cudoni sells from fashion houses including Prada, Gucci, Balenciaga, Dior, Oscar de la Renta, Cartier & Louis Vuitton
What should you sell?
Cudoni sells from almost every fashion house imaginable – with the bestselling designers on the site including Prada, Gucci, Balenciaga, Dior, Oscar de la Renta, Cartier & Louis Vuitton.
However, despite featuring the most popular names in fashion, their online shopping destination has become a favourite among fashionistas due to its diversity of vintage as well as new runway looks.
Shoppers typically head to the site looking for statement pieces from particular brands, which has made handbags, jewellery and watches the best-selling garments.
But it's not just your accessories to consider, as shoppers are always hunting for more designer pieces to add to their wardrobes, be it dresses, coats, or suits.
Due to Cudoni being a global site, it is not essential to sell by season (it’s always Summer somewhere after all!).
Buy it, then sell it! By fishing out your forgotten designer threads, you can earn cash with ease
What should I look for?
Consider the items in your wardrobe that you claim you will "wear in the future" - these could be the cash cows that will enable you to shop for new designer looks.
By selling your pre-loved but lesser worn goods, you can afford to replenish your wardrobe with all the latest designs.
With Cudoni, you are given a one-to-one representative who will help manage the items you've put forward to sell and tell you just how much you could make. The best part? If you change your mind, you are under no obligation to go ahead.
Pre-loved: While all items hold memories for us, sometimes it's time to pass them on for others to enjoy - and replenish your closet at the same time
What items best hold their value?
Any of your luxuries that have been loved and cared for will make the most cash.
The better the condition, the higher the earnings you'll make when selling designer pieces you no longer need.
Jewellery, handbags and watches are excellent at retaining value and sell well, however, if you own any unique one-off items, regardless of the garment type, you can expect to earn back more than originally paid.
Fashion to fortune: It’s incredibly simple to get in touch with Cudoni and get the ball rolling on turning your fashion into a fortune
How do I sell my stuff?
The VIP service has all bases covered, including free home collection, authentication, expert valuations, professional photography, global listing and liaisons with buyers.
All you have to do is simply wait for the money to land in your bank account.
Cudoni pride themselves on achieving some of the best prices in the field. With a specialised tech back-end and expert sales strategists, Cudoni can sell your luxury goods quickly and for a much higher price.
The service achieves an average 30% higher sales price than if sellers were to sell the same items themselves.
Once your items have been posted and the purchaser confirms receiving them, the Cudoni team send the money to you.
Users can reap huge benefits and earn up to 70% commission on goods.
Visit Cudoni now to begin turning your pre-loved luxuries into cash.
Remarkable earnings: Cudoni pride themselves on achieving some of the best prices in the field
Move on in style: The must-have items you can buy after unlocking cash from your closet...
After unlocking cash from your closet through Cudoni, why not invest in a new designer piece?
From Alaïa to Hermès, the online marketplace offers a diverse range of sought-after luxury pieces ready to be worn.
Here are some of this week's best buys - perfect for a treat to yourself or an envy-inducing gift for someone special...
£1,800
£460
C'EST LEATHER REMOVABLE STRAP CROSSBODY BAG
£1,700
£120


The Short Version
- Set environment for CVS: (assuming
csh
)
- At Berkeley:
setenv CVSROOT /project/cs/brass/a/tools/brass/develop/CVSROOT
- Elsewhere:
setenv CVS_RSH ssh
setenv CVSROOT :ext:user@ribbit.cs.berkeley.edu:/project/cs/brass/a/tools/brass/develop/CVSROOT
whereuser
is your cs.berkeley.edu user name
- Get the latest version of everything:
cvs checkout tdfc
- Code code code (modify Makefile, src/*, etc.)
- Incorporate other authors' latest changes:
cvs update
- Decide on a new tdfc version number 1.xxx (get present version from
CHANGES
and increment xxx)- Add a history entry to the
CHANGES
file- Tell CVS about any new files: (optional)
cvs add file.cc ...
- Check-in the new revision:
cvs commit
- Set the release tag:
wherecvs tag v1_xxx
v1_xxx
corresponds to the new revision number 1.xxx- Send an e-mail to the group
CVS Concepts
- Concurrent Version System.
- CVS manages multiple revisions of a project.
- Multiple authors can check out copies of the project without interfering; CVS applies everyone's changes and asks for user intervention only if it gets confused.
- Each local work directory has a subdirectory named
CVS
to record the state of checked-out files.- We enforce a revision numbering discipline to be able to retrieve old revisions.
Checking-Out
cvs checkout tdfc
checks out a copy of the latest revision of tdfc. It creates a directory hierarchy as necessary. There is no file locking or exclusive check-out. Multiple authors can do multiple check-outs without interfering.cvs checkout -r v1_xxx tdfc
checks out revisionv1_xxx
of tdfc, corresponding to revision 1.xxx in theCHANGES
file.cvs update
updates your existing files to reflect the latest changes made by other authors. Use this occasionally and beforecvs commit
.Checking-In
cvs commit
checks-in all files under the working directory.cvs commit file ...
checks-in only the specified files (file ...
).- When checking-in modified source files,
cvs commit
prompts for a change-log (short description of changes). Use the change-log! This is the place to record obscure technical details like, "fixed bug in foo::bar() which deallocated immuno-deficient endoplasm records when cell-count exceeded...", or notes-to-self like, "still don't handle albino newts".cvs commit
applies a single log entry to every file. You are encouraged to usecvs commit file
instead, to set a different log entry for eachfile
.- We also maintain a master change-log in the top-level file,
CHANGES
. This is the place to briefly note whatever visible features changed in the new project revision, and who changed them. For instance, "added support for albino newts".cvs diff
Reminds you what you changed.
The front-end of TDFC takes in the full language. During the transformation some of the semantic conveniences are canonicalized to a simpler, core representation. Consequently, later phases can do not have to handle all the richness which appears in the original AST. The figure below shows the flow and the associated invariants they create. This shows what later passes can assume has already been done, and hence the subset of the AST they actually have to handle.Parsing
Linking
Type-Checking
Semantic Checks
Cannonical Transformations
Optimizations
Emission
Class Hierarchy
Tree Structure
Using Constructors
Duplication
Tree Traveral
Node Update (map)
Node Replacement (map2)
Garbage Collection
Type Deletion/Regeneration


List of entries populating the checklist. See ChecklistEntry documention for more information
Set the labels before or after the checkboxes. Values are 'after' | 'before'. Default : 'after'
the number of checked entries in a list
An object containing all the values of the checklist identified by their "value" attribute
For a parent, returns true of all children are checked
A parent is indeterminate if all of its children don't have the same "checked" value
On parent change, we change all children accordingly (except for disabled children)
Generated using TypeDoc
Internal copy of entries. Use .getValue() function to get the values of the checklist.


For this week's report, I will be writing about my experience setting up goals using Google Analytics features. The process is straight forward but does require a few steps to make sure that Google Analytics records the correct data. Gaining more traffic doesn't necessarily mean that users are engaged or doing what you want them to do, so it is crucial to set up goal conditions in GA to get the correct data.
For Google Analytics to register a goal conversion, my condition was to have users click this on link, and then they will be taken to the homepage, click on the references link, and finally to the destination goal (references.html).
Goal Set Up
Setting up my destination goals was an easy process. Step one, admin tab:
Step two, goal tab
Step three, new goal tab
You now have two templates. For my project, I used the custom template and named my goal References. In the type field, chose the destination option.
Since my destination goal is to have users land on my references.html, I chose the regular expression as an option. I also set up the value and funnel options to see how a user navigates towards the destination goal.
I have also set up an event goal to measure user interactions when they click the link on the index page to go the references page.
I added the proper tags to the index.html page to record when a user clicks on the references link.
Conclusion
When I was setting my goals in Google Analytics; for some reason, the conversion goal did not record. I went back to readjust my settings, tested again using real-time, and voila this time GA was recording correctly.


Kitura-CredentialsTwitter
A plugin for the Kitura-Credentials framework that authenticates using the Twitter OAuth web login
Summary
Plugins for Kitura-Credentials framework that authenticate using the Twitter’s “Sign In with Twitter” .
Swift Version
This requires Swift 3.0 and above. You can download this version of the Swift binaries by following this link.
Before You Start
Head on over to Twitter’s Application Management page and register an application you’ll be using Kitura for. You’ll need to give a website (which can be fake for now) and a callback URL which you’ll be using during these instructions. For instance: http://localhost:8090/login/twitter/callback
.
After you create the application on Twitter, gather the Consumer Key and Consumer Secret from your application’s Keys and Access Tokens page.
Example of Twitter Web Login
Note: for more detailed instructions, please refer to Kitura-Credentials-Sample.
First, set up the session:
import KituraSession
router.all(middleware: Session(secret: "Some random string"))
Create an instance of CredentialsTwitter
plugin and register it with Credentials
framework:
import Credentials
import Kitura_CredentialsTwitter
let credentials = Credentials()
let twitter = CredentialsTwitter(consumerKey: twitterConsumerKey,
consumerSecret: twitterConsumerSecret)
credentials.register(twitter)
Where: - twitterConsumerKey is the Consumer Key of your app in the Twitter Application Portal - twitterConsumerSecret is the Consumer Secret of your app in the Twitter Application Portal
Note: Twitter has you specify your callback URL on your application’s detail page of the Twitter Application Portal.
Specify where to redirect non-authenticated requests:
swift
credentials.options["failureRedirect"] = "/login/twitter"
Connect credentials
middleware to requests to /private
:
router.all("/private", middleware: credentials)
router.get("/private/data", handler:
{ request, response, next in
...
next()
})
And call authenticate
to login with Twitter and to handle the redirect (callback) from the Twitter login web page after a successful login:
router.get("/login/twitter",
handler: credentials.authenticate(twitter.name))
router.get("/login/twitter/callback",
handler: credentials.authenticate(twitter.name))
License
This library is licensed under Apache 2.0. Full license text is available in LICENSE.


The Young Widow
Source of witness transcribed: Southern Sentinel (Plaquemine, Louisiana)
Date of witness transcribed: 1 August 1857
Notes about this poem: "The Young Widow" was printed in at least 200 newspapers during the nineteenth century. It can be found using ID 18034 in this table of most widely-reprinted poems.
§
- She is modest, but not bashful,
- Free and easy, but not bold,
- Like an apple, ripe and mellow,
- Not too young and not too old;
- Half inviting half repulsive,
- Now advancing, and now shy;
- There is mischief in her dimple,
-
There is danger in her eye.
- She has studied human nature;
- She is schooled in all its arts;
- She has taken her diploma,
- As the mistress of all hearts.
- She can tell the very moment
- When to sigh and when to smile;
- O, a maid is sometimes charming,
-
But a window, all the while!
- Are you sad? how very serious
- Will her handsome face become;
- Are you angry? she is wretched,
- Lonely, friendless, tearful, dumb;
- Are you mirthful? how her laughter,
- Silver-sounding, will ring out,
- She can lure, and catch, and play you
-
As the angler does the trout.
- Ye old bachelors of forty,
- Who have grown so bold and wise;
- Young Americans of twenty,
- With the love-locks in your eyes;
- You may practise all the lessons
- Taught by Cupid since the fall,
- But I know a little widow,
- Who could win and fool you all!
JACKSON, Miss., May 1st, 1857.


In this simple example we are going to write a mock object test for a publish/subscribe message system. A Publisher sends messages to zero or more Subscribers. We want to test the Publisher, which involves testing its interactions with its Subscribers.
The Subscriber interface looks like this:
interface Subscriber { void receive(String message); }
We will test that a Publisher sends a message to a single registered Subscriber. To test interactions between the Publisher and the Subscriber we will use a mock Subscriber object.
To use jMock 2.1.0 you must add the following JAR files to your class path:
First we must import the jMock classes, define our test fixture class and create a "Mockery" that represents the context in which the Publisher exists. The context mocks out the objects that the Publisher collaborates with (in this case a Subscriber) and checks that they are used correctly during the test.
import org.jmock.Mockery; import org.jmock.Expectations; public class PublisherTest extends TestCase { Mockery context = new Mockery(); ... }
This is a JUnit 3 test case but apart from the test case class the code will be the same when using any test framework for which jMock 2 does not have an integration layer.
import org.jmock.integration.junit3.MockObjectTestCase; import org.jmock.Expectations; public class PublisherTest extends MockObjectTestCase { ... }
import org.jmock.Expectations; import org.jmock.Mockery; import org.jmock.integration.junit4.JMock; import org.jmock.integration.junit4.JUnit4RuleMockery; public class PublisherTest { @Rule public JUnitRuleMockery context = new JUnitRuleMockery(); ... }
Note: this currently only works with the latest jMock release candidate (2.6.0RC1) and JUnit 4.7 and above.
In older versions of jMock and JUnit 4 you can use the JMock test runner, which is less flexible than the Rules mechanism shown above.
import org.jmock.Expectations; import org.jmock.Mockery; import org.jmock.integration.junit4.JMock; import org.jmock.integration.junit4.JUnit4RuleMockery; @RunWith(JMock.class) public class PublisherTest { Mockery context = new JUnit4Mockery(); ... }
Now we want to write the method that will perform our test:
public void testOneSubscriberReceivesAMessage() { ... }
@Test public void oneSubscriberReceivesAMessage() { ... }
public void testOneSubscriberReceivesAMessage() { ... }
We will now write the body of the test method.
We first set up the context in which our test will execute. We create a Publisher to test. We create a mock Subscriber that should receive the message. We then register the Subscriber with the Publisher. Finally we create a message object to publish.
final Subscriber subscriber = mock(Subscriber.class); Publisher publisher = new Publisher(); publisher.add(subscriber); final String message = "message";
final Subscriber subscriber = context.mock(Subscriber.class); Publisher publisher = new Publisher(); publisher.add(subscriber); final String message = "message";
final Subscriber subscriber = context.mock(Subscriber.class); Publisher publisher = new Publisher(); publisher.add(subscriber); final String message = "message";
Next we define expectations on the mock Subscriber that specify the methods that we expect to be called upon it during the test run. We expect the receive method to be called once with a single argument, the message that will be sent.
checking(new Expectations() {{ oneOf (subscriber).receive(message); }});
context.checking(new Expectations() {{ oneOf (subscriber).receive(message); }});
context.checking(new Expectations() {{ oneOf (subscriber).receive(message); }});
We then execute the code that we want to test.
publisher.publish(message);
After the code under test has finished our test must verify that
the mock Subscriber was called as expected. If the expected calls were not
made, the test will fail. The
MockObjectTestCase
does this automatically. You don't have to
explicitly verify the mock objects in your tests. The JMock
test runner does this automatically.
You don't have to explicitly verify the mock objects in your
tests.
context.assertIsSatisfied();
Here is the complete test.
import org.jmock.integration.junit3.MockObjectTestCase; import org.jmock.Expectations; public class PublisherTest extends MockObjectTestCase { public void testOneSubscriberReceivesAMessage() { // set up final Subscriber subscriber = mock(Subscriber.class); Publisher publisher = new Publisher(); publisher.add(subscriber); final String message = "message"; // expectations checking(new Expectations() {{ oneOf (subscriber).receive(message); }}); // execute publisher.publish(message); } }
import org.jmock.integration.junit4.JMock; import org.jmock.integration.junit4.JUnit4Mockery; import org.jmock.Expectations; @RunWith(JMock.class) public class PublisherTest { Mockery context = new JUnit4Mockery(); @Test public void oneSubscriberReceivesAMessage() { // set up final Subscriber subscriber = context.mock(Subscriber.class); Publisher publisher = new Publisher(); publisher.add(subscriber); final String message = "message"; // expectations context.checking(new Expectations() {{ oneOf (subscriber).receive(message); }}); // execute publisher.publish(message); } }
import org.jmock.Mockery; import org.jmock.Expectations; public class PublisherTest extends TestCase { Mockery context = new Mockery(); public void testOneSubscriberReceivesAMessage() { // set up final Subscriber subscriber = context.mock(Subscriber.class); Publisher publisher = new Publisher(); publisher.add(subscriber); final String message = "message"; // expectations context.checking(new Expectations() {{ oneOf (subscriber).receive(message); }}); // execute publisher.publish(message); // verify context.assertIsSatisfied(); } }
The jMock library is explored in more depth in other Cookbook recipes. The Cheat Sheet is an overview of the entire jMock API.


Start with one of pre-made templates.
Extend your website with these pages.
Add functionality to your website.
wedding.
conference.


Event()
Creates a new Event with a random identifier.
Event(identifier: UUID)
Creates a new Event with the given identifier.
Constructor Creates a new Event with the given identifier.


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10+ Pics That Show Why Moms and Dads Are Like Coke and Mentos, and That’s Why We Love Them
How many times have we heard that men and women come from different planets? Well, moms and dads are no different. We’re not saying one is better or worse than the other, they’re just different. Please don’t take this selection too seriously — just have a good laugh!
We at Bright Side selected some funny stories for our readers to give them a bit of a giggle.
1. Birthday wishes
2. Visiting a playground
3. Getting a response about a failed test
4. First pottery lesson
5. Having some parent/child time
6. Support when you’re feeling unwell
7. Learning
8. Spending time together
9. Getting close to nature
10. Getting groceries
11. Having a snack
12. When you have a small accident:
Tell us your funny stories about how your moms and dads behave in the same situations.
Preview photo credit Liana Mikah / unsplash, unknown / imgur


Before Change
label_num = solution.shape[1]
score = np.zeros(label_num)
bin_prediction = binarize_predictions(prediction, task)
[tn, fp, tp, fn] = acc_stat(solution, bin_prediction)
// Bounding to avoid division by 0
eps = 1e-15
tp = sp.maximum(eps, tp)
pos_num = sp.maximum(eps, tp + fn)
After Change
:return:
label_num = solution.shape[1]
bin_prediction = binarize_predictions(prediction, task)
fn = np.sum(np.multiply(solution, (1 - bin_prediction)), axis=0,
dtype=float)
tp = np.sum(np.multiply(solution, bin_prediction), axis=0, dtype=float)
// Bounding to avoid division by 0
eps = 1e-15
tp = sp.maximum(eps, tp)
pos_num = sp.maximum(eps, tp + fn)
tpr = tp / pos_num // true positive rate (sensitivity)
if (task != MULTICLASS_CLASSIFICATION) or (label_num == 1):
tn = np.sum(np.multiply((1 - solution), (1 - bin_prediction)),
axis=0, dtype=float)
fp = np.sum(np.multiply((1 - solution), bin_prediction), axis=0,
dtype=float)
tn = sp.maximum(eps, tn)
neg_num = sp.maximum(eps, tn + fp)
tnr = tn / neg_num // true negative rate (specificity)
bac = 0.5 * (tpr + tnr)


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{% load staticfiles %}
FarmBuddy
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FarmBuddy
Solution to Farmer's Problem
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providing solution to farmer's problem
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{% load staticfiles %}


[Home]
Version History
v0.8.8
- Dictionary entries for semantic category 8 = Agriculture and Vegetation.
- Rewrote the “Getting Started With Elvish” document to reflect the current state of the lexicon.
v0.8.7 (June 30, 2023)
- Dictionary entries for semantic category 7 = Dwelling and Furniture.
v0.8.6 (May 26, 2023)
- Dictionary entries for semantic category 6 = Clothing and Adornment.
- More entries from PE17/139-142 with the help of Gilruin.
- Beta “Advanced Reference Search”.
v0.8.5 (April 28, 2023)
- Dictionary entries for semantic category 5 = Food and Drink.
- Finalized the Eldamo Introductory Quenya course as version 1.0.
- Updated Quenya w- words to v- [w] words for consistency with the course.
v<IP_ADDRESS> (March 9, 2023)
- Finished Eldamo Introductory Quenya Chapters 7-15.
v<IP_ADDRESS> (Dec 11, 2022)
- Minor release as I worked on Eldamo Introductory Quenya Chapters 1-6.
- Updated grammar entries to reflect my new preference for assimilative partitive plurals: atanéli >> atalli.
- Upgraded to Glaemscribe 1.3.1.
v<IP_ADDRESS> (October 14, 2022)
- Minor release to fix a build issue.
- Introduced spelling convention öa to make pronunciation clearer.
v0.8.4 (September 14, 2022)
- Dictionary entries for semantic category 4 = Body Parts and Functions.
v0.8.3 (May 15, 2022)
- Dictionary entries for semantic category 3 = Animals.
v0.8.2 (March 13, 2022)
- Dictionary entries for semantic category 2 = Mankind.
v0.8.1 (January 24, 2022)
- Dictionary entries for semantic category 1 = Physical World.
v0.8.0 (October 20, 2021)
- Added information from The Nature of Middle-earth.
- Finished dictionary entries for Primitive Elvish roots: √N - √YUR.
- Add semantic category link to word pages.
- Finished semantic categorization of Sindarin/Noldorin/Gnomish.
- Edited and reviewed Quenya semantic categories.
v0.7.9 (April 16, 2021)
- Started dictionary entries for Primitive Elvish roots: √A - √MUY.
- Continued semantic categorization of Sindarin/Noldorin/Gnomish.
v0.7.8 (November 28, 2020)
- First stab at Sindarin grammar analysis.
- Continued semantic categorization of Sindarin/Noldorin/Gnomish.
v0.7.7 (May 29, 2020)
- Tweaked search help text so that it remains visible if the “?” button is clicked.
- Added Narqelion poem based on Christopher Gilson’s analysis from VT40.
- Finished Quenya grammar analysis.
- Continued semantic categorization of Sindarin/Noldorin/Gnomish.
v0.7.6 (March 23, 2020)
- Changed search so that help text is displayed by default, then hidden when search starts.
- More Quenya grammar analysis (pronouns and verbs).
- Continued semantic categorization of Sindarin/Noldorin/Gnomish.
v0.7.5 (January 17, 2020)
- Began Quenya grammar analysis (general information and noun cases).
- Data entry from VT28 and V36 (Bodleian Declension and Entu, Ensi, Enta Declension).
- More data entry from PE14 (Valmaric script section).
- Began semantic categorization of Sindarin/Noldorin/Gnomish.
v0.7.4 (October 25, 2019)
- Finished analysis of Quenya phonetics.
v0.7.3 (July 27, 2019)
- Began analysis of Quenya phonetics: mostly basic research.
- Added the Middle Ancient Quenya (ᴹAQ.) language.
- Began collecting very minor sources: Auct-Let for Tolkien’s letters sold at auction.
v0.7.2 (April 5, 2019)
- Analyzed Sindarin phonetics.
v0.7.1 (December 28, 2018)
- Analyzed Ancient Telerin and Old Sindarin phonetics.
v0.7.0 (November 10, 2018)
- Second pass at including neologisms from other sources
(GS, FGNS, AESED, NQNT).
- Better separation of Neo-Eldarin and Academic modes, masking Neo-Eldarin relationships unless in Neo-mode.
- First pass at semantic mapping for Quenya words.
v0.6.9 (September 29, 2018)
- First pass at including neologisms from other sources
(1000W, ABNW, FJNQ, FJNS, NQW, PPQ, PPW, TFC, VLDS, VQP).
v0.6.8 (September 5, 2018)
- Finished evaluating roots for exclusion and inclusion in Neo-Eldarin.
- Cleaned up rules for Sindarin i-affection using the work of Elaran (Ekin Gören).
- Restored Gentium as the font used for the Eldamo site.
v0.6.7 (August 3, 2018)
- More evaluating roots for exclusion and inclusion in Neo-Eldarin (M-Q).
v0.6.6 (June 6, 2018)
- More evaluating roots for exclusion and inclusion in Neo-Eldarin (I-M).
- Removed “⏳” and “⛔” symbols for neologisms since they weren’t very helpful.
- Broke neologisms down by release, starting with v0.6.5.
- First pass at internationalized search: Russian and Polish, with help of Dmytro Yakymets (Дмитрий Якимец) and Przemek Chorobiński.
- Modified page-ids so they are permanent identifiers and don’t change when the language or word is updated.
v0.6.5 (June 2, 2018)
- More evaluating roots for exclusion and inclusion in Neo-Eldarin (G-I).
v0.6.4 (May 4, 2018)
- Miscellaneous search fixes.
- First cut at classify Quenya verbs.
- More evaluating roots for exclusion and inclusion in Neo-Eldarin (E-G).
v0.6.3 (April 6, 2018)
- Multi-match searches using “,” (OR) and “+” (AND).
- Began work on Neo-Eldarin vocabulary pages.
- Began evaluating roots for exclusion and inclusion in Neo-Eldarin (A - E).
- Updated the “Motivations and Methodology” page to better reflect Eldamo’s current mission.
v0.6.2 (March 10, 2018)
- More tweaks for better mobile support.
- Wildcard searches (e.g. “si*f”).
- Better validations on <notes> elements.
- More linked (<see>) entries for earlier languages (Early Qenya, Gnomish).
- Changed treatment of early words (1910-1930: Early Quenya, Early Noldorin and Gnomish) in Neo-Quenya/Neo-Sindarin
word lists. They are now marked ⚠ by default, or by ⛔ when there is a later replacement. Any “rescued” early words
are treated as Neo-Quenya or Neo-Sindarin, even if the form itself is unchanged.
v0.6.1 (February 9, 2018)
- See below: Breaking Changes in v0.6.1.
- Various usability enhancements to better support mobile.
- Cleanup usage of word reliability markers.
- Introduced Neo-Quenya (ᴺQ), Neo-Sindarin (ᴺS), and Neo-Primitive (ᴺ✶) languages.
- Changed North Sindarin code/abbreviation from “ns/NS.” to “norths/North S.” to better distinguish it from Neo-Sindarin.
- Reorganized Quenya and Sindarin entries to fit new “Neo” language structures.
- Alternate “neo” navigation for walking through Neo-languages.
- Added linked (<see>) entries for many variant forms so they show up in search.
v0.6.0 (December 29, 2017)
- Clean up old and out-dated phonetic artifacts.
- Most of the remaining data entry for PE19.
- First beta release!
v0.5.9 (December 9, 2017)
v0.5.8 (November 11, 2017)
- Data entry for PE21.
- More Early Quenya phonetic analysis.
v0.5.7 (August 20, 2017)
- More schema cleanup.
- Finished data entry for Monsters and the Critics.
- Finished data entry for PE16.
- More Early Quenya phonetic analysis.
v0.5.6 (June 23, 2017)
- Finished data entry for PE15.
- Began Early Quenya phonetic analysis.
- Reviewed Early Quenya name descriptions.
v0.5.5 (April 15, 2017)
- Changed marker for words in a deleted section to {{double braces}}.
- Added a “Parts of Speech” filter to Search page, as suggested by Tamas Ferencz. This replaced the old “No Names” checkbox.
- Cleaned up schema validations for inflections.
- Finished data entry for PE14.
- Finished Early Quenya name analysis.
v0.5.4 (February 20, 2017)
- Updated to the latest version of Glǽmscribe.
- Finished data entry for PE12 (raw data only still needs to be compiled into phonetic rules).
- Resumed data entry for PE14.
- More Early Quenya name analysis.
- Various corrections as suggested by Severin Zahler
v0.5.3 (January 15, 2017)
- Began Early Quenya name analysis.
- Reviewed Middle Quenya name descriptions.
- Finished data entry for PE22.
- Clean up of XSD schema definitions
- Fixed several proper names as suggested by Ostesor
- Fixed lungo and par- as suggested by JPRidgeway
- Fixed to preposition as suggested by Tamas Ferencz
- Fixed various data validation issues as suggested by Severin Zahler
v0.5.2 (April 1, 2016)
- Tengwar transcriptions using Benjamin Babut’s Glǽmscribe library.
- Corrected Karnigul >> Karningul as suggested by Tyelpion.
- More data entry for PE22.
v0.5.1 (March 19, 2016)
- Finished Middle Quenya name analysis.
- Reviewed Noldorin name descriptions.
- Organized Quenya grammatical entries.
- More data entry for PE22.
v0.5.0 (September 19, 2015)
- The first code release of Eldamo: the system used to generate the Eldamo site.
- Quenya cleanup on individual entries.
- Finished Noldorin name analysis.
- More data entry for PE22.
v0.4.9 (August 29, 2015)
- Began incorporating Elvish Fonts, starting with Måns Björkman’s Tengwar Eldamar font, using the web font version produced by Benjamin Babut and Bertrand Bellet (used with permission).
- Cleaned up Quenya word list by comparing it to Helge Fauskanger’s Quettaparma Quenyallo.
- Began data entry for PE22 (suspending work on PE14 for now).
v0.4.8 (July 24, 2015)
- First release on Github.
- Formal schema specifications for Eldamo data model, based on the work of G. Hussain Chinoy.
- Began data entry for Early Qenya Phonology (PE12/3-28).
- Began data entry for PE14.
- More Noldorin name analysis.
- More analysis of Gnomish phonology.
v0.4.7 (June 5, 2015)
- Minor functional additions to Search feature (match restrictions).
- Finished data entry for VT50.
- Data entry for Nebrachar poem (MC/217).
- Finished analysis of Danian phonology.
- More Noldorin name analysis.
- Began analysis of Gnomish phonology.
v0.4.6 (May 16, 2015)
- Cleaned up Sindarin word list by comparing it to Hiswelókë’s Sindarin Dictionary.
- Clearly identified words in the Sindarin and Quenya wordlists that are adapted from earlier versions of the languages: [N.] and [ᴹQ.]
- Changed the language code of Solosimpi/Eary Telerin from Sol. to ᴱT. in keeping with the majority of the examples.
- Split Early Noldorin (ᴱN) into its own language for more accurate analysis.
- Reviewed Ilkorin word descriptions and grammar.
- Finished data entry for PE13.
- More Noldorin name analysis.
- Began analysis of Danian phonology.
v0.4.5 (April 5, 2015)
- Finished Ilkorin analysis.
- Finished review of Sindarin name descriptions.
- Finished review of Ilkorin name descriptions.
- Minor search fixes.
- Better distinguished Early Noldorin (ᴱN) from Gnomish (G) and Late Noldorin (ᴸN) from Sindarin (S).
- Added distinctions for Early Telerin (ᴱT) and Early Ilkorin (ᴱIlk).
- More data entry for PE13.
- Began Noldorin name analysis.
v0.4.4 (February 28, 2015)
- Added Search link to page header for word entries.
- Incorporated Vinyar Tengwar Errata.
- Finished data entry for Gnomish Grammar.
- More review of Sindarin name descriptions.
- More data entry for PE13.
- Began Ilkorin word analysis.
v0.4.3 (February 21, 2015)
- Added experimental search at the suggestion of Tamas Ferencz.
- Changed language labels of Ilkorin/Doriathrin and Danian/Ossriandic to reflect their inclusion of both the main language and its dialects, following the suggestions of Fiona Jallings; I also corrected the name of her course to Your Sindarin Textbook.
- Corrected tharantîn as suggested in a Google+ conversation by someone whose name I cannot render in English characters.
- Finished Ilkorin name analysis.
- More review of Sindarin name descriptions.
- Began data entry for PE13.
v0.4.2 (February 14, 2015)
- First publicly announced version.
- Bumped minor version to 0.4.x to better reflect level of completeness.
- Finished language summaries.
- Finished Sindarin name analysis.
- Finished Gnomish Lexicon entries.
- Finished review of Quenya name descriptions.
- Began review of Sindarin name descriptions.
v0.1.1 (February 1, 2015)
- Finished Ilkorin phonology.
- More Sindarin name analysis.
- More Gnomish Lexicon entries.
- More language summaries.
- Cleaned up broken links.
- Cleaned up XML data.
- Fixed characters not visible in iOS.
v0.1.0 (January 25, 2015)
- Initial release to Sourceforge.
- Major structural definitions of XML data model established, but not yet formalized.
- Data from The Lord of the Rings, The Silmarillion, The Unfinished Tales and The History of Middle-earth series.
- Data from The Road Goes Ever On, Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien and The Lord of the Rings: a Reader’s Companion.
- Most original linguistic data from Vinyar Tengwar issues, excluding VT27 and VT50.
- Vocabulary from “Words, Phrases and Passages from The Lord of the Rings” (PE17), Qenya Lexicon (PE12) and Gnomish Lexicon (the last A - S only).
- Analysis of Quenya names (all) and Sindarin names (A - R) from the above sources, Late Period only.
- A comprehensive description of the Adûnaic language, as a proof of concept.
- Partial analysis of Noldorin and Ilkorin phonetic histories, as a proof of concept.
Breaking Changes in v0.6.1
In v0.6.1, the Eldamo data model went through a major reorganization. Eldamo has always had two missions: (1)
describing what Tolkien wrote about his languages and (2) suggesting which words might be used for new Elvish writing.
In v0.6.1, the data was reorganized to better reflect this dual mission.
In particular, prior to v0.6.1, Eldamo had many empty “Sindarin” and “Quenya” entries (with no page references) that
were simply placeholders that indicated which Noldorin and (Middle) Qenya words from the 1930s and 1940s might be
reasonably used in Neo-Sindarin and Neo-Quenya composition. Most of these entries were removed, leaving only the
corresponding Noldorin and Middle Quenya entries. The Sindarin and Quenya languages are now reserved almost exclusively
for words that Tolkien himself used for those languages in his later writings (1950s and beyond).
In some cases, previous “Sindarin” and (more rarely) “Quenya” entries were reformations of earlier words to fit the
phonetic and conceptual structures of Tolkien’s later languages from the 1950s and beyond. These reformations are now
indicated by the “^” marker. Such reformations have been correctly recategorized as Neo-Sindarin (l="ns" or ᴺS.) and
Neo-Quenya (l="nq" or ᴺQ.). Since v0.6.1, I started including more neologism, reformations or otherwise, with these
ᴺS. and ᴺQ. designations.
The Neo-Quenya and Neo-Sindarin language lists now serve as a suggested list of words to use in new Elvish
composition. The Neo-Quenya list includes all published Quenya words created by Tolkien from the 1910s to the 1970s,
including “Early Qenya”. Similarly, the Neo-Sindarin list also includes Noldorin and Gnomish words. Words are clearly
labeled by language (S., N., G.; Q., ᴹQ., ᴱQ.) so that authors can exclude earlier words if they wish. To help those
who want to use only later words, the search page now has a “Later Quenya” and “Sindarin/Noldorin” search option that
includes only words from 1930-1973.
Words that remained essentially the same across multiple periods are collapsed into a single entry in the Neo-Eldarin
word lists. For example, the Quenya word aha appeared in both the 1940s and 1950s, and is listed as: Q., ᴹQ.
aha “rage”. Similarly, the Sindarin word adar appears as: S., N. adar “father”. In the data model
these combinations are indicated by the <combine> elements in child <word> elements.
Gloss attributes were also modified in v0.6.1 to include only glosses from the specific time period of the word. Thus, the
gloss for Q. mól is “slave”, while ᴹQ. mól has the glosses “slave, thrall”. There is a new @ngloss
attribute (neo-gloss) for the Neo-Eldarin entries that has gloss across multiple time periods. Where a specific gloss
appears only in an older version of the language, this is also indicated in the @ngloss, as in: Q., ᴹQ. mól
“slave, [ᴹQ.] thrall”.
The Neo-Quenya and Neo-Sindarin word lists use the ⚠ and ⛔ symbols [⛔ was removed in v0.6.6 ] to indicate that some words are not recommended
for new Elvish compositions, with alternate suggestions if they are available. In the data model, these recommendations
are indicated by the <deprecated> element, with a @strong attribute to distinguish ⚠ (weak) from ⛔ (strong)
recommendations. These “unrecommended words” are only my opinion, and can be ignored if desired. The ⚠ symbol also
appears in glosses for recommendation against using words with certain meanings. Even if there is no <deprecated>
element, deleted and unglossed words are still marked ⚠.
Early words (1910-1930) are also marked ⚠ by default; any “rescued” early words are treated as Neo-Quenya or
Neo-Sindarin, even if the form remains unchanged.
People using Eldamo data to populate their own dictionaries will need to make some decisions on how to incorporate
these markers. If you want to ignore my deprecation suggestions, simply ignore the <deprecated> element and strip
out the ⚠ symbol from glosses (Unicode Emoji U+26A0 U+FE0F, or XML encoding ⚠). You may also want
to pre-process the glosses to combine or strip out older meanings. You may need to make decisions about whether you want
to treat Noldorin words as Sindarin, and Middle Qenya words as Quenya. I can’t tell you exactly how you should use the
data, but am happy to make suggestions.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
Use the form below to customize the settings for the application.


Quick Start¶
We first download the example.bgen
, haplotypes.bgen
, and complex.bgen
files:
>>> from bgen_reader import example_filepath
>>>
>>> example_bgen_path = example_filepath("example.bgen")
>>> haplotypes_bgen_path = example_filepath("haplotypes.bgen")
>>> complex_bgen_path = example_filepath("complex.bgen")
This software reads the files the same way, but they present
different levels of genotype complexity.
The variant loci of the genotype stored in example.bgen
have the ploidy two and are all unphased.
The haplotypes.bgen
file stores a phased, diploid genotype.
Both the genotypes stored in example.bgen
and haplotypes.bgen
are biallelic, that is with two alleles
at each loci.
The complex.bgen
file, on the other hand, has varying ploidy levels and alleles numbers
across the variant loci.
Unphased genotype¶
With unphased genotype we don’t have the information about which chromosome holds a
given allele.
Let’s read the example.bgen
file and print out some information.
>>> from bgen_reader import open_bgen
>>>
>>> bgen = open_bgen(example_bgen_path, verbose=False)
>>>
>>> # Samples
>>> print(bgen.samples[:5]) #first 5
['sample_001' 'sample_002' 'sample_003' 'sample_004' 'sample_005']
>>>
>>> # Variants ids.
>>> print(bgen.ids[:5]) #first 5
['SNPID_2' 'SNPID_3' 'SNPID_4' 'SNPID_5' 'SNPID_6']
>>>
>>> # There are 199 variants in total.
>>> print(bgen.nvariants)
199
>>> # Read the probabilities of the first variant
>>> probs = bgen.read(0)
>>> print(probs)
[[[ nan nan nan]]
[[0.02780236 0.00863674 0.9635609 ]]
[[0.01736504 0.04968414 0.93295083]]
...
[[0.01419069 0.02810669 0.95770262]]
[[0.91949463 0.05206298 0.02844239]]
[[0.00244141 0.98410029 0.0134583 ]]]
>>> # The above matrix is of size samples-by-1-variants-by-(combination-of-alleles).
>>> print(probs.shape)
(500, 1, 3)
>>>
>>> # Read the probabilities of all the samples and all variants
>>> probs = bgen.read()
>>> # The matrix is of size samples-by-variants-(combination-of-alleles).
>>> print(probs.shape)
(500, 199, 3)
>>>
>>> # Read the probabilities of the first 5 samples and
>>> #variants 15 (inclusive) to 25 (exclusive)
>>> probs = bgen.read((slice(5),slice(15,25)))
>>> print(probs.shape)
(5, 10, 3)
>>>
>>> del bgen #close the file and delete the open_bgen object
The 3rd dimension of the probability matrix of a given variant depends on the
number of alleles, the ploidy, and whether the locus is phased or unphased.
See bgen_reader.open_bgen.ncombinations
. For details, see the
bgen specification⧉.
Phased genotype¶
>>> bgen = open_bgen(haplotypes_bgen_path, verbose=False)
>>>
>>> # Samples
>>> print(bgen.samples)
['sample_0' 'sample_1' 'sample_2' 'sample_3']
>>>
>>> # Variants ids.
>>> print(bgen.ids)
['SNP1' 'SNP2' 'SNP3' 'SNP4']
>>>
>>> # Read the probabilities and ploidies for the second individual and first variant
>>> probs,ploidy = bgen.read((1,0),return_ploidies=True)
>>> print(probs)
[[[0. 1. 1. 0.]]]
>>> # How many haplotypes?
>>> print(ploidy)
[[2]]
>>> # Is the first variant phased?
>>> print(bgen.phased[0])
True
>>> # And how many alleles for the first variant?
>>> print(bgen.nalleles[0])
2
>>> # Therefore, the first haplotype has probability 100%
>>> # of having the allele
>>> alleles = bgen.allele_ids[0].split(",")
>>> print(alleles[1])
G
>>> # And the second haplotype has probability 100% of having
>>> # the first allele
>>> print(alleles[0])
A
>>>
>>> del bgen #close the file and delete the open_bgen object
Please refer to bgen specification⧉ for a detailed description.
Complex file¶
The bgen file format allows the storage of very heterogeneous genetic data.
In the complex.bgen
file we have variants with different ploidy and numbers of
alleles, as well as phasedness.
>>> bgen = open_bgen(complex_bgen_path, verbose=False)
>>>
>>> # Note how the number of alleles very widely across loci.
>>> print(bgen.allele_ids)
['A,G' 'A,G' 'A,G' 'A,G,T' 'A,G' 'A,G,GT,GTT' 'A,G,GT,GTT,GTTT,GTTTT'
'A,G,GT,GTT,GTTT,GTTTT,GTTTTT' 'A,G,GT,GTT,GTTT,GTTTT,GTTTTT,GTTTTTT'
'A,G']
>>> print(bgen.samples)
['sample_0' 'sample_1' 'sample_2' 'sample_3']
>>> # Print the probabilities for the second individual and first variant
>>> probs = bgen.read((1,0),max_combinations=bgen.ncombinations[0])
>>> print(probs)
[[[1. 0. 0.]]]
>>> # The 4th individual and 9th variant has ploidy ...
>>> probs, ploidy = bgen.read((3,8),max_combinations=bgen.ncombinations[8],return_ploidies=True)
>>> print(ploidy)
[[2]]
>>> # and number of alleles equal to ...
>>> print(bgen.nalleles[8])
8
>>> # Its probability distribution is given by the array
>>> print(probs)
[[[0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]]]
>>> # Since the 9th variant is unphased,
>>> print(bgen.phased[8])
False
>>> # we can pick an alternative allele and compute the dosage
>>> # from allele expectation.
>>> # If we select the third allele as being the alternative one, we have
>>> e = bgen.allele_expectation(8)
>>> dosage = e[:,0,2]
>>> print(dosage)
[0. 0. 0. 1.]
Please, refer to bgen_reader.open_bgen.allele_expectation()
for further details.


The Hereford Student Senate (HSS) is a body of student representatives that serves the Hereford Community. Consisting of two consuls, an executive board, and senators from each building, the Senate oversees the disbursement of the $20,000 budget consisting of student activities funds for enrichment programs, community-building activities, and improvements at the college. The Senate is the primary voice of Hereford students within the residential college as well as the larger University, helping to shape the direction of Hereford. The Senate also serves as a liaison between Hereford and the other residential colleges at U.Va. to plan joint activities.
The Senate meets every Sunday from 8 to 9pm in the Hereford Hub. Meetings are open to the Hereford community and all Herefordians are encouraged to attend. If you have an idea or know of a need around Hereford, please attend a meeting! Elections to HSS occur at the beginning of the Fall and Spring semester and at the conclusion of the academic year.
If you have an idea and would like to bring it to the Hereford Student Senate, please feel free to get in touch with the appropriate committee chair. Descriptions of each committee can be found on the Committees page. If you are not sure which committee chair to approach, just contact the HSS consuls, Monica Kuo or Evan Sheldahl.


Migrate a process from Bonita Open Solution 5.x
A process exported from Bonita Open Solution 5.x must be modified to run in Bonita because of the modifications and new features.
Bonita provides a guided migration for importing a process from 5.9 or 5.10 to the Bonita legacy 6.x concepts and tooling.
You can then modify the process definition to take advantage of the new features in the latest version of Bonita.
To migrate a process from a version of Bonita Open Solution earlier than 5.9, you must first upgrade it to 5.9.
When you import a process from Bonita Open Solution 5.9 or 5.10, Bonita automatically modifies the process where possible, and provides a report indicating the items that need to be checked or that must be modified manually. You can use this report to track the status of the modifications required as you complete them.
To migrate a process from Bonita Open Solution 5.9 or 5.10:
- Choose Import -> Other.. from the Diagram menu.
- Select the Bonita BAR 5.9/5.10 input format, and select the file to be imported.
- Click Import.
- A pop-up explaining the format of the import status report is displayed. You can choose not to see this popup for subsequent imports.
- Click Finish. The process is imported and Bonita Studio displays an Import status report. This report lists the status of each item in the process definition.
- Select an item to see what migration action has been done, or to see what manual action is required.
When an item has been completely migrated, either automatically or after review or manual action, check the box in the Reviewed column. You can use this column to track what remaining migration is required.
At any stage during migration, you can close the report and move out of migration mode. Note, however, that when you have closed the report you cannot reopen it. To close the report,click on Exit import mode.
You can modify the view of the report as follows:
- You can sort the report by any of the columns by clicking on the relevant column heading.
- You can hide all items that have valid changes, by choosing Hide valid changes from the report menu.
- You can hide all reviewed changes, by choosing the Hide reviewed changes from the report menu.
You can also create a PDF version of the report, by choosing Export PDF from the report menu.


--- date: 2022-07-03 lastmod: 2023-08-05 title: "Basic C++ setup with dependency management in CMake" description: "Setting up a proper C++ environment can be a challenge for a newcomer. This is my attempt at showing what I came up with." linkTitle: "I try to create a setup for myself that scales and is flexible enough to meet all my needs." summary: "
My biggest problem starting to learn C++ back then was finding a proper setup that was straightforward to use and scaled. Here is my personal attempt at creating this.
" hasCode: true tags: ["post", "cpp"] ---When I started seriously learning C++ a couple of years ago, I struggled with a proper setup the most. Beginner tutorials often only use the command line, but lack larger topics like build and dependency management, where more advanced guides often assume greater knowledge of at least CMake already.
Coming from web development, dependency management was one of the easier
tasks, as simple as npm install
. Nevertheless, building a web
project got increasingly difficult over the years, assuming the use of tools
like
TypeScript, Babel,
Webpack, and others. Of course, there is still the option to not use any and go
"vanilla".
As I started writing websites with Internet Explorer 5, I kind of grew up with those tools as they emerged over the years. In contrast, coming into the large C++ ecosystem with a lot of tools and practices feels like hitting a wall at high speed. Stepping back, starting without tools, and trying to understand every tool I add first, at least on a basic level, was the plan. And the tool I wanted to understand first was CMake — little did I know what a ride that would be.
I've heard a lot of things about CMake, and a lot of those things were bad. Nevertheless, CMake seems to be a very dominant tool in C++ development, and I definitely wanted to understand it, at least well enough to feel comfortable using it.
Searching the internet for resources, I saw a lot of CMake code, solving the same problem in many ways. Initially, I tried to combine what I found to reach my goals, but even with the little understanding of CMake I had, this felt wrong. Not fully understanding the tool, I've got the same frustration that probably many felt using CMake and its many versions. It was time to extend my CMake knowledge, so I bought Professional CMake: A Practical Guide, which I've heard a lot of good things about. And the book was indeed an amazing source of knowledge. By the way, there is no affiliation; I just genuinely like the book.
From here on, I will show how I set up my environment for C++ development with CMake. It may not be the best, but it proved valuable for me multiple times and is, with my limited experience, my favorite choice for developing in C++.
The minimal project setup will look like this:
Going through it step-by-step, the first folder
build
is to capture the generated project files and the actual
application build. The folder is
excluded from source control. Inside are the different build
artifacts for debug and release builds, but they can also contain a different,
or more granular, structure when building for multiple targets.
The root CMakeLists.txt
looks like this:
The first line sets the minimum CMake version and can be any version for you; I like to use a rather recent version.
The next line includes a file inside the cmake
folder.
The file UniversalAppleBuild.cmake
is used to generate universal
builds for Apple Intel and Silicon. The contents are as follows:
Next the project setup.
This will define the CMake project, give it a project name, a description, and the language used, in this case C++20.
The next include StandardProjectSettings.cmake
will define some
common settings.
It is located inside the cmake
folder that will hold all CMake
source files. In its basic form, this file looks like this:
This will, if a Debug build is enabled, also define three compiler directives:
APP_DEBUG
to be used to enable debug build only code paths,
APP_ENABLE_ASSERTS
for assertions, and
APP_PROFILE
for performance profiling. All are prefixed with
APP_
, representative of a more unique prefix, like your app name
or a short form of it.
Now comes the code quality part, or at least some of it.
This looks like a hack, and maybe it is, but it works like a charm. I create
an empty interface called
project_warnings
and include another file,
CompilerWarnings.cmake
, that will create a function
set_project_warnings
that takes a "library" name and
attaches a set of compiler options to it via CMake's
target_compile_options
. I can then use this
project_warnings
interface and link it as a library to my app and the libraries I want to
build.
Here is a shortened look inside the
CompilerWarnings.cmake
file with some added comments for
clarification (the long version can be found
here).
The last line inside the root CMakeLists.txt
file is to include
the source directory.
The CMakeLists.txt
inside the src
folder contains
two lines, one to include the library folder and one for the app. This is
dependent on the number of applications and libraries in your project.
Now let's take a look at the
src/some_library/CMakeLists.txt
file.
The first line is, for convenience, the definition of the library name.
Then I include a file I add to every library as well as the app:
StaticAnalyzers.cmake
.
The StaticAnalyzers.cmake
file inside the
cmake
folder enables
clang-tidy
(if installed) and the
address sanitizer
for debug builds.
The clang-tidy options are defined in a
.clang-tidy
file at the project root.
As with many projects, there are options, and this set of options is only mine. You can find a list of all checks for clang-tidy here.
Next some source files:
This will add the needed source files to create a static library. I like splitting my code into smaller libraries, like "core", "ui", "rendering", etc., to create logical chunks but also keep build times lower. This is due to the fact that only libraries with changed files need to be rebuilt; otherwise, they will only be linked.
At last, setting the "include directory", building with C++20, and
linking the project_warnings
as mentioned
earlier.
Alas, a look at the src/app/CMakeLists.txt
file and how to define
an executable.
Same for the library; it defines a name for convenience.
Again, adding static analysers to the app.
Throw in all the app source files.
And define the "include directory" and the C++ standard to build with.
Besides linking the project_warnings
as mentioned
earlier, I also link the libraries I want to use with the application by name; in
that case, my example SomeLibrary
.
And that's about it for defining an application. This setup supports multiple applications sharing the same (or different) libraries. Making this a kind of mono repository.
How about the big topic: dependencies? This was my greatest issue when starting C++, first using Git submodules, then directly throwing source files into the project, failing at using Conan, and many other attempts. Though, finally, I settled on using CMake's FetchContent.
The way I structure dependencies is by having a
vendor
folder in the root of the project containing a
CMakeLists.txt
and one folder per dependency with another
CMakeLists.txt
. Adding
{fmt}
to the project structure looks like this:
First, I include the vendor
folder inside the root
CMakeLists.txt
.
The dependency vendor/fmt/CMakeLists.txt
file contains a message
for fetching the dependency, potential dependency settings, and a statement to
make the dependency available to the project.
The vendor/CMakeLists.txt
file declares the actual dependency and
the version to fetch (and from where).
It includes the FetchContent
module from CMake, then declares a
dependency by giving it a name, the Git repository to use, and the Git tag (or
alternatively, a commit hash). At last, it adds the dependency subdirectory.
With FetchContent_Declare, not only Git repositories but also SVN or any URL really containing an archive (e.g., a tar.gz file) can be used.
The benefit of FetchContent is that dependencies are fetched only once at configure time, not on every build as with other solutions.
Before building the project, the CMake configuration step needs to be executed, looking like this for the debug setup (using Ninja to build the project):
Building the project:
Alas, running the generated executable (under Mac in that case):
Being used to
Prettier,
I wanted something similar for C++, seeing
clang-format
as a worthy replacement. Adding a .clang-format
file to the
project root containing some basic formatting options.
To format all the project source files with clang-format installed, run:
As biased as I am, of course I use my own project,
Litr, to define some common commands for the project. Adding a
litr.toml
file in the project root to have shortcut commands for
building, running, and formatting the project.
Run, build, and start can now be done via litr build,start
.
That's about it when it comes to the base setup. I do actually have a little more, namely tests via doctest, but I wanted to spare the setup here to keep it short. Nevertheless, this and a full example of the setup can be found on GitHub.
Template repository: https://github.com/MartinHelmut/cpp-base-template


---
layout: post
title: Python virtual environments and Home Assistant
date: '2018-03-17T22:15:00.001Z'
author: Tinkerer
tags:
modified_time: '2018-03-17T22:15:54.165Z'
---
Explain about venvs
Where does HA keep it's files
How does this all work together


A 2017 review of clinical trials found that drinking coffee is generally safe within usual levels of intake and is more likely to improve health outcomes than to cause harm at doses of 3 or 4 cups of coffee daily. Exceptions include possible increased risk in women having bone fractures, and a possible increased risk in pregnant women of fetal loss or decreased birth weight. Results were complicated by poor study quality, and differences in age, gender, health status, and serving size.
In 2012, the National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study analysed the relationship between coffee drinking and mortality. They found that higher coffee consumption was associated with lower risk of death, and that those who drank any coffee lived longer than those who did not. However the authors noted, "whether this was a causal or associational finding cannot be determined from our data." A 2014 meta-analysis found that coffee consumption (4 cups/day) was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (a 16% lower risk), as well as cardiovascular disease mortality specifically (a 21% lower risk from drinking 3 cups/day), but not with cancer mortality. Additional meta-analysis studies corroborated these findings, showing that higher coffee consumption (2–4 cups per day) was associated with a reduced risk of death by all disease causes.
Moderate coffee consumption is not a risk factor for coronary heart disease. A 2012 meta-analysis concluded that people who drank moderate amounts of coffee had a lower rate of heart failure, with the biggest effect found for those who drank more than four cups a day. A 2014 meta-analysis concluded that cardiovascular disease, such as coronary artery disease and stroke, is less likely with three to five cups of non-decaffeinated coffee per day, but more likely with over five cups per day. A 2016 meta-analysis showed that coffee consumption was associated with a reduced risk of death in patients who have had a myocardial infarction. Drinking four or more cups of coffee per day does not affect the risk of hypertension compared to drinking little or no coffee; however, drinking one to three cups per day may be at a slightly increased risk.
Long-term preliminary research, including assessment of symptoms for dementia and cognitive impairment, was inconclusive for coffee having an effect in the elderly, mainly due to the poor quality of the studies. There appears to be a beneficial relationship between coffee intake and Parkinson's disease as well as coffee intake and depression.
Meta-analyses have consistently found that long-term coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease.
In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 28 prospective observational studies, representing over one million participants, every additional cup of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumed in a day was associated, respectively, with a 9% and 6% lower risk of type 2 diabetes.
The effects of coffee consumption on cancer risk remain unclear, with reviews and meta-analyses showing either no relationship or a slightly lower risk of cancer onset. Studies suggest that coffee consumption of 2 cups per/day was associated with a 14% increased risk of developing lung cancer, but only among people who smoke.


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A character's new Love Interest is eerily similar (in personality, looks, etc.) to an established character—often a best friend of the incompatible sex, or even the character himself. The similarity is sometimes pointed out when someone is listing characteristics of the love interest, and realizes it sounds a lot like a description of someone else they know.
If the character is dating an opposite-gender doppelganger of a friend, it's more often Played for Laughs and mild Ho Yay than to suggest any serious sexual tension between the two friends. It might even be a positive omen for the relationship: the character gets along well with their friend, so the romance may be similarly successful. If the doppelganger and the friend are the same gender, though, it's likely to spark jealousy or suggest that it's the friend they're really interested in.
A common variant is someone dating their own opposite-gender doppelganger, which usually results in the characters becoming repulsed.
This trope does not include instances where the doppelganger is actually a clone or alternate universe double, or other situations where it is the same person or an actual duplicate: this is when someone similar comes along by mundane coincidence.
See also Identical Stranger, Similar Squad. Not to be confused with Doppelgänger Replacement Love Interest.
Examples:
- Science Fell in Love, So I Tried to Prove it: Kosuke considers himself to be in a relationship with Aika, his favorite Dating Sim character. Kanade notices Aika bears a striking resemblance to their colleague Ibarada, who happens to be Childhood Friends with Kosuke.
- In The Beano one of the Crazy For Daisy strips had Daisy dating a guy who looked almost identical to Ernest apart from different coloured clothing (right down to an extra toe and a mole on his bum). In the end he dumps Daisy for a similarly identical version of her to both Ernest and Daisy's confusion.
- One fanfic of From Eroica with Love has the strait-laced and (probably) straight German officer finding himself fancying a woman, and considering asking her out...when he suddenly realizes she looks like a female version of Eroica and starts doubting his reactions.
- Seinfeld:
- In "The Cartoon", George dates a woman who looks a lot like Jerry. When she ends up cutting her hair short (almost identical to Jerry) it weirds George out to the point that he leaves the woman, and decides to take a break from Jerry for a few days.
- In "The Invitations", Jerry gets engaged to a woman played by Janeane Garofalo, who behaves almost identically to Jerry himself. Jerry comes to hate her, realizing that he "hates himself". Of course, she reaches the exact same conclusion, at the exact same time, leading to the only recorded instance of a genuinely mutual break up (not that anybody ever believes Jerry about that part).
- House: Wilson started dating Amber who, being mean and clever, was officially nicknamed "Cut-throat Bitch". House pointed out in conversation that she was basically his female counterpart, his eyes having gone appropriately wide from horror seconds before:
House: Oh my God. You're sleeping with me.
- The Drew Carey Show: at a party, Oswald and Lewis become very attracted to the female counterpart of the other (and vice-versa): Oswald for "Louise" and Lewis for "Olivia."
- In a different episode, Lewis and Oswald meet the adult son of a mutual ex-girlfriend who is unsure which of them is his biological father despite his strong resemblance to Lewis due to his equally Strong Family Resemblance to his (unseen) mother. Drew and Kate (but not Lewis and Oswald) deduce that Lewis and Oswald both dated a female doppelganger of Lewis and are creeped out.
- Friends, "The One With Russ": After breaking up with Ross, Rachel goes out with Russ, who looks, acts, and talks just like Ross. Amazingly, the only other character not to notice the similarity is Ross.
- In one episode, Phoebe and her identical twin Ursula date the same guy, who is very confused.
- Similarly, on an episode of Frasier, Daphne goes out with essentially a clone of Niles. Like Rachel, Daphne doesn't notice; unlike Ross, Niles does and is very pissed.
- A much squickier example occurs in another episode, where it turns out that Frasier is in fact dating a doppelganger for his own (deceased) mother — played by the same actress, no less.
- Mel, Niles's second wife, was basically Maris, but toned down to the point where an actress could actually play her.
- The Sopranos has an example. In the third season Tony starts seeing a new mistress, the beautiful but depressive and temperamental Gloria Trillo. After complaining about her to Dr. Melfi in therapy, Melfi points out that his description of her (much more psychologically than physically) sounds eerily like his recently deceased mother, Livia.
- Actually, almost all of Tony's goomahs are impossible-to-please dark-haired beauties with serious psychological issues. However the most damaged—and the most like Livia—was definitely Gloria (which Tony realized when she snapped at him "Oh, poor you!"—just like his mother!).
- On Mr & Mrs Murder, Peter's ex is noted several times as looking remarkably similar to Nicola. Nicola however insists that she doesn't look 'exactly' like her.
- The Nanny did it twice, once with Max dating an almost identical clone of Fran and once with her dating a guy you could tell apart from Max only by his job. The girls got along pretty well, while the men started hating each other's guts almost immediately.
- On Two and a Half Men, Charlie dated a woman who strongly resembled their mother in terms of attitude, behaviour, etc. Everyone except Charlie could see it, until they met her two young sons, who were remarkably similar to Charlie and Alan, including in terms of how she treated them.
- Molly's fiance Tom in Sherlock is introduced wearing the same outfit and sporting the same sharp features as the titular anti-hero. This is Playedfor Laughs initially but very quickly becomes sour as Sherlock's return appears to cause Molly to become disinterested in Tom.
- In Scrubs Danni is introduced as a female version of JD (right down the the Imagine Spots and Inner Monologues). Later in the series when he's dating her again it's revealed she's much more of The Lad-ette, which is explained as her no longer trying to impress him.
- In Doctor Who:
- Jo's love interest Cliff Jones is flat-out stated to be pretty much a younger version of the Doctor before he even appears onscreen, at which point the similarities begin slapping the viewer in the face. He and Jo are apparently very happy together, as they are still married as of The Sarah Jane Adventures episode "Death of the Doctor" and have a truly ridiculous number of children and grandchildren together.
- Parodied in "The Caretaker" when the Twelfth Doctor, who's been told that Clara is dating a teacher at the school, meets one who dresses and acts a lot like the Eleventh Doctor and assumes that he must be the one. The actual Danny Pink is very different, and Clara says the other guy isn't her type.
- Good Luck Charlie: When Spencer goes off to college, he dates a girl who looks exactly like Teddy, while Teddy dates a guy that looks very similar to Spencer, though not identical.
- In Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide Ned has a crush on and eventually dates Suzie, who has a very similar personality to Ned's Childhood Friend, Moze.
- On Broad City, Ilana dates her same-gender doppelganger in one episode.
- In Lovesick, the season finale has a flashback to when Dylan dates Phoebe, who is the female version of his best friend Luke. When Evie points that out, Dylan decides he has to break up with her. However she breaks up with him, as she has feelings for Luke. They never act on it, and in the present Dylan and Luke find out she passed away.
- In The Big Bang Theory, the guys sign Sheldon up for a dating site as a joke and somehow end up matching him with his female counterpart, Amy. It takes a while for their relationship to turn romantic, and as it's done so, Character Development has diverged them so it's less "Amy is fem!Sheldon" now, but more character changes seem to be bringing Sheldon closer to Amy's new personality.
- Perfect Strangers. After breaking up, Balki and Mary Ann date carbon copies of each other. True to form, neither of them realizes it about their own partners—though Balki does after slipping up and calling the other woman "Mary Ann", but they instantly see it about each other's.
- Exaggerated to the point of absurdity in Man Seeking Woman. After getting turned down by Rosa, Josh begins dating "Bosa," claiming that he has no idea what anyone means when they say Bosa resembles someone he knows. She is, in fact, a flawed clone of Rosa.
- Ghost Whisperer has the protagonist meeting the wife of her (now deceased) ex-boyfriend, and is thrown off by the similarity.
- One episode of The Muppet Show features Waldorf's wife Astoria, who looks like Statler in women's clothes.
- In Avenue Q, Rod ends up dating a guy named Ricky, who happens to be almost identical to his friend, Nicky. However, in a variation, Rod had already been established as being in love with Ricky, but unable to be with him due to Nicky being straight. Nicky himself sets them up, noting that he knows Rod's type, but it's deliberately left ambiguous whether he knew Rod liked him or whether he just guessed well.
- In Angel Moxie, Alex is telling her best (female) friend Riley about her new boyfriend Kevin, who's really into science and math:
Alex: I just realized I'm gonna be dating the male version of you.
Riley: That's a good thing, right? - In Shortpacked!, Robin sleeps with Jake Manley, who is pretty much an opposite sex clone, during a Cadbury Egg Cereal binge.
- In Dumbing of Age, Danny begins to crush on Amber shortly after breaking up with Dorothy. When the pair run into Dorothy as well as Danny's friend Joe he's immediately Squicked by how similar the two girls look. (Admittedly not identical, but with the same basic body and hair design.)
- A non-canon Shortpacked! strip suggested that after Robin and Leslie split up, Leslie started dating a hyperactive Englishwoman who had become an MP in curious circumstances and been part of a team that defeated an invasion by Venusians (paralleling Robin's personality, position in Congress and role with SEMME).
- In Khaos Komix, Amber briefly dates Mark and it's made clear by her mental comparisons of him to her friend Nay that she agreed to date him mainly because he looked somewhat like a male version of the girl she secretly had a crush on.
- In one storyline of Bobwhite, Ivy breaks it off with a guy (one day after meeting him) because he's essentially a male version of her friend Marlene.
- The Secret Bakery in Questionable Content is a Similar Squad to Coffee of Doom. When Faye learns that Angus used to go there to be insulted by Not!Faye, she teases him mercilessly. Surprisingly, when Marten briefly dates Padma (Not!Dora, who he used to be in a relationship with) nobody comments.
- Defied in El Goonish Shive: Elliot rejects the idea of asking Diane out specifically because he finds dating someone so similar to Susan to be creepy.
- In Hercules: The Animated Series, Cassandra starts dating a guy who looks (and in a couple of ways, acts) nearly identical to her Hopeless Suitor Icarus. Icarus hates him for dating her, but no one seems to notice the similarities.
- The Simpsons episode "The Blue and the Gray" further jokes about Lenny and Carl's Heterosexual Life-Partners status by having them date each other's identical sisters.
Carl: Is there anything better then my best friend's face on a girl body?
- Scooby-Doo! Legend of the Phantosaur has Velma fall for a guy named Winsor who looks exactly like her.


To work with this template skeleton it is recommended to install the following dependencies
Required : Timber
Required : Advanced Custom Fields
Optional : Pods


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Moscow turns to vampires to boost vaccination rates
Struggling with growing scepticism of vaccinations, health authorities in Moscow have turned to a surprising ally for help: blood-thirsty vampires.
A video posted by the Moscow health department this week features a black-clad, long-haired vampire and his fang-baring young daughter.
During a visit to the doctor, they ask if it is safe for the girl to drink blood from the unvaccinated.
After suggesting that it would be better not to drink blood at all, the doctor warns unvaccinated blood could be "very dangerous", then lays out the benefits of vaccinations.
"So is this why some parents are rejecting vaccinations?" the vampire father asks. "To stop us from biting their children?"
The video ends with a message urging parents to have their children vaccinated.
It was released as city authorities look for ways to boost vaccination rates. On Thursday local deputies including the head of the city's public health committee recommended making vaccinations mandatory.
The World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF warned in July that vaccination rates around the world have "dangerously" stalled -- in many cases due to increasing suspicion of vaccines.
The WHO also said in August that measles cases were skyrocketing in Europe and sounded the alarm over vaccination rates.
Russia was among four countries -- along with Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Georgia -- that were home to 78 percent of measles cases in the first six months of 2019.
The "anti-vax" movement has been fuelled by false claims that vaccinations cause disease or conditions such as autism.
A study out of George Washington University last year found that social media bots and Russian trolls "spread false information about vaccines" online in a bid to sow discord in the United States.


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We offer variety of pizzas hand shaped and oven cooked to perfection
Below you will see diffrent types of pizzas all made by proffessional chefs,
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DIRECTED BY: Joe Berlinger WRITTEN BY: Joe Berlingerand Andrew Birkin CAST: Jeffrey Donovan, Erica Leerhsen, Tristine Skyler, Stephen Barker Turner, Kim Director
MPAA: Rated R for violence, language, sexuality and drug use. Runtime: USA:90
RATING: 7/10
"The Blair Witch Project" was perhaps one of a kind, a unique film that played completely on its own merit, managing to scare even the most experienced horror fans out of their senses. Its success made a sequel inevitable, but this is not the sequel, I suspect, anyone much wanted.
After the release of "The Blair Witch Project", tourists have practically invaded the small town of Burkettsville, in order to get a glimpse of the Blair Witch. Locals have turned this mass hysteria into a great business opportunity, selling twig-sculptures, stones and dirt like those in the movie, and the exasperated local sheriff patrols the woods with a bullhorn, shouting, "Get out of these woods and go home! There is no goddamned Blair Witch!". Jeff () is one of those people, who has used the sudden popularity of the small town to his advantage. After he got released from the mental institution, he created a mobile business that attracts thousands of customers through the Internet. As the movie starts he is leading one of these groups into the woods, on the "Blair Witch Hunt". Among the five strangers is Stephen and his girlfriend, the pregnant Tristen, who are writing a book on the hysteria caused by the film called "The Blair Witch: History or Hysteria?", and Kim, who dresses in black and has some psychic powers. The last member of the crew is Erica, a young beautiful witch-wannabe, who constantly quotes from the Wiccan lore, saying "The first rule of Wicca is, do no harm, because whatever you do will come back to you threefold." This strange group plunges into the woods, where they begin to argue about their different approaches to the experience. On the very first night that they decide to spend under the stars amidst the ruins of Parr's abandoned house, strange things start happening. When they wake up their equipment is gone and only the tapes remain. After a while they discover strange markings on their bodies. They are somehow lost in time, as it loops uncontrollably back and forth. They are all haunted by hallucinations and horrible nightmares and soon they can not see the difference between dreams and reality. The only thing that they are sure of is that they have brought something or someone with them from the woods..
Documentary director Joe Berlinger ("Paradice Lost") helms "Blair Witch 2", leaving the creators of the first film (Dan Myrick and Ed Sanches) in the background. The opening scenes--the documentary showing the townspeople affected by the first film-- is a more promising approach, because instead of trying to cover similar ground, it goes outside the first film and makes its own stand. But soon the movie gets confused and sidetracked by its own story, that is never resolved and ends with a very anticlimaxic epilogue. In a way, this is a typical Hollywood sequel. More money has been spent and more people have worked on a project that was doomed to fail. The horror and suspense of the original simply could not be repeated. Of course in these situations, quantity is more important than quality and profit is more important than the artistical values. From its opening scenes when the camera gracefully panes over the bloody-red forest, with Carter Burwell's ("Being John Malkovich" and "Fargo") musical score in the background, you realize that with the exception of its title, this film has absolutely nothing to do with "The Blair Witch Project". "Blair Witch.." was filmed by handheld videocameras and nfeatured acting that was mostly based on improvisation. In the sequel the technical aspect of the film is close to perfection, creating a completely different atmosphere. With its graceful cinematography, production design and flashy editing, the film has a very polished look, which is impossible to associate with the first installment. And though Berlinger directs his film with an energy and pace that makes the adrenaline rush through the body a couple of times, he has obviously misunderstood the nature of his predecessor. The key is simplicity. "Blair Witch Project" had a story which was incredibly simple. That allowed the audience to fill the gaps with our own imagination. The film was practically an empty screen, on which we projected our most frightening nightmares. The effect was incredibly powerful, lasting and entir e everyone, but in a different way. "Book of Shadows" feels incredibly controlled and restrict. Here, very little is left to our imagination and the story is so complex and "clever" that the screenwriters are the first to get lost in it. There is is no book of shadows and no conclusion that we can be satisfied with. This is simply a less artistic film that doesn't have the talent and originality of its predecessor. It resorts to fancy cinematography and special effects to create the right effect and doesn't always succeed. But most importantly: it stands on its own ground and has almost no connection with the first movie, which doesn't allow it to destroy the original. In the end, I can't call it a bad effort. It's less artistic, not so scary and less original, but certainly not bad. It's simply different. In fact, if you haven't seen "The Blair Witch Project", you might like this film for what it is -- a cross between "The Blair Witch Project" and the "Scream"-films. The only element that remains constant and similar between the two films is the solid acting (Jeffrey Donovan and Tristine Skyler should be mentioned) and incredible sense of surrealism. But it's a common knowledge and experience that, with a few exceptions, every movie sequel is worse than the original and some are even not worth making. To me the story of "The Blair Witch Project" seemed completed, but there are obviously no limits to commercial success that "The Book of Shadows" is certainly assured. And it's already time to look forward to "Blair Witch 3".
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Messi Closes In On Incredible Pele Record
by David KappelLionel Messi is steadily closing in one of the most impressive milestones in the game set by Brazil legend Pele.
Click through the gallery above to see the players who have scored the most goals for a single club in history.
The FC Barcelona captain once again stole the headlines last weekend, when he netted a hat-trick against Celta Vigo.
He scored from the penalty spot before adding two more from direct free-kicks to hand his side an important three points in the LaLiga title race.
The treble took his tally to nine strikes in the 2019/20 campaign, and also saw the Argentine also close the gap on Selecao legend Pele.
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The former Santos striker still holds the record for the most official goals for a single club, having netted 643 times for the Brazilian club.
Messi, though, is closing in on Pele after netting goals number 610, 611 and 612 for Barcelona against Celta. As a consequence, he is now just 31 strikes shy of the all-time record.
Read: Ronaldo Facing Two-Year Ban?
The 32-year-old has scored 40 or more goals in his past 11 successive seasons, and if he manages to reach that figure in 2019/20 again, he will at least match Pele's incredible record.


- Refresh the page for new polynomials.
- Adjust the coefficients to reach your target.
- The row "sum" keeps track of the sum of the above five rows on both sides of the equality.

- Would you ever need an x4 term?
- In what order did you work out the coefficients?
- How are the terms of this sum related to the terms when you do polynomial long division?


Tools for working with 'taxonomic' databases, including utilities for downloading databases, loading them into various 'SQL' databases, cleaning up files, and providing a 'SQL' connection that can be used to do 'SQL' queries directly or used in 'dplyr'.
| Version: | 0.1.4 |
| Imports: | curl (≥ 2.4), DBI (≥ 0.6-1), RPostgreSQL (≥ 0.4.1), RMySQL (≥ 0.10.11), RSQLite (≥ 1.1.2), dplyr (≥ 0.7.0), dbplyr (≥ 1.0.0), magrittr (≥ 1.5), hoardr (≥ 0.1.0) |
| Suggests: | roxygen2 (≥ 6.0.1), testthat |
| Published: | 2017-06-20 |
| Author: | Scott Chamberlain [aut, cre] |
| Maintainer: | Scott Chamberlain <myrmecocystus+r at gmail.com> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/ropensci/taxizedb/issues |
| License: | MIT + file LICENSE |
| URL: | https://github.com/ropensci/taxizedb |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | taxizedb results |
| Reference manual: | taxizedb.pdf |
| Package source: | taxizedb_0.1.4.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: taxizedb_0.1.4.zip, r-release: taxizedb_0.1.4.zip, r-oldrel: taxizedb_0.1.4.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: taxizedb_0.1.4.tgz, r-oldrel: taxizedb_0.1.4.tgz |
| Old sources: | taxizedb archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=taxizedb to link to this page.