This is a short guide to using compilers and some scripting languages for numerical calculations on OpenBSD.
Not all languages and scripts are included, mostly because I don’t know about all of them.
(This guide is valid for OpenBSD release 7.1 and should be considered obsolete after October 2023 unless updated. It is mostly about the AMD64 and compatible platforms.)
This is not historically one of OpenBSD’s reputational strengths. Mostly it is known for security and excellent documentation.
Yet, many computational tools are available including recent releases:
It also has libraries such as boost, eigen, fftw, netcdf and others.
Numerical computations are sometime used with OpenBSD as part of a larger system such as an embedded computer or, for example, a web service using machine-learning or statistical calculations.
Some people use OpenBSD for development of numerical code or for calculating.
You can find numerical codes in all languages; here we focus on C/C++ using clang and GNU tools. We also describe a bit of Fortran.
Clang is included in “base” on AMD64, meaning it comes with the operating system. GNU languages are added with packages, including C, C++, Fortran and others.
Additional languages such as Forth, Go, Haskell, Ocaml and Rust are also available for various problems. These are not covered here.
OpenBSD on the AMD 64-bit platform (which also supports the Intel emulations known as EMT64) is configured to support all compatible processors including older ones. Newer processors have improved instruction sets, resulting in a variety of options for possibly gaining performance.
By default, the compiler will not optimize for your particular CPU. As
a result, your code might go faster if you specify some
compiler switches like -Ofast
or -O3
, or various loop-specific
code-generation options. Or not: you will have to experiment.
CPU-model specific options are also available. The easiest way
is -march=native
.
Most compiled code automatically produces dynamic-linked executables. The executable file thus includes only the names of shared libraries (located in /usr/lib or /usr/local/lib). This reduces disk space use and forces convergence of library file versions to the same version. However it may be slower by up to 10%.
Using the --static
option in compiler commands, or referencing static
object libraries for most code may help speed. For example
libset="-I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib"
boostset="-lboost_timer -lboost_chrono -lboost_system"
c++ -o test.x --static $libset $boostset test.cpp
This results in the essential parts of the three boost libraries (and default libraries) being included within the test.x executable.
See my examples page for further information.
AMD64 platforms can use 80-bit floating-point arithmetic internally, and 64-bit arithmetic for double-precision values that are written to memory. Some compile options (vector instructions like SSE3, AVX, fast-math) may change the conversion of 80-bit numbers or avoid them altogether. Numerical results of calcuations with these options may therefore vary from calculations without these options.
Be careful when testing code changes or compiler changes for effectiveness when searching for faster programs. Here are some brief suggestions:
-O3
is often the best optimization you can do,
within a few percent.
If more is needed, try -march=<cpumodel>
especially for later models
of Intel processors. -march=nosuchmodel
gives a list of possibilities.
Also, try -march=native -mcpu=native
on GCC compilers.You can use C and Fortran code compiled with either compiler together in the same executable. We know this because code compiled with the GCC C compiler successfully links with the OpenBSD base (built with clang). Note only GCC Fortran (g95) is available as of OpenBSD 6.8.
C++ is not compatible across clang and GCC because the run-time libraries are not interchangeable. If you want to use C++ libraries from ports you have to use clang C++.
If you need to use GNU C++ then you will have to compile any needed C++ libraries with GNU C++ as well. Examples are: boost, tbb, uuid. If COMPILER_LIBCXX is in the ports Makefile for that library, then that library uses clang C++ and would have to be built separately with GCC (or avoided).
Most numerically useful interpreted or scripting languages are available.
Python 3.9 is available. A number of python packages are available to be added as you need them. Python virtual environments work as well.
Your shell (ksh) has a built-in “time” command; so does OpenBSD. Both
report user and system CPU time; /usr/bin/time -l
also reports memory and IO.
See style(9) for the OpenBSD style guide.
The
clang-format -style="{BasedOnStyle: Mozilla, IndentWidth: 4}"
command generates OpenBSD-like source
from your ragged nasty C/C++ original. Recommended. See the manpage.
For Fortran, try fprettify
available for Python 3.x. This program will
change files in-place by default. See fprettify --help
.
A software SCM tool provides a reliable way of tracking minor and major code changes to your software. You (and your teammates) record change events with the SCM tool as you create or test or revise code. The SCM tracks differences at each event and can report on these. The SCM can also reproduce older versions of files or sets of files, according to event ids, dates or named markers.
Use one of: CVS (included with OpenBSD), git (or got), or Subversion.
You can find lots of help online with a web search.
Numerical codes are difficult to test because of design issues (few or no subroutines or functions), numerical stability questions, lack of reference solutions for some problems, uncertain approximations or unknown assumptions. It’s not, however, impossible. Attention to accuracy and precision informs the user in addition to the numerical results.
The purpose of computation is insight, not numbers. –Hamming.
Test tools come in many shapes; here are some options:
Automated testing has additional benefits: it helps protect against bugs introduced by code changes (or compiler or operating system updates); it documents the tests for subsequent review; it serves as an educational tool for new programmers learning a large code base.
Links:
OpenBSD Numerics |
OpenBSD Numerics - Parallelization
OpenBSD Numerics - Clusters |
OpenBSD Numerics - Examples
OpenBSD Numerics - Experiences pages


{#
This is a set of messages not available outside which simply represent all the existing messages in the old client.
The target is to ensure that the existing translations are available in the proper languages and later see if we use them or not.
#}
{{ gettext('Finish') }}
{{ gettext('Experiment finished') }}
{{ gettext('Go back') }}
{{ gettext('Selected experiment') }}
{{ gettext('Powered by') }}
{{ gettext('Experiment hosted by') }}
{{ gettext('Experiment') }}
{{ gettext('Category') }}
{{ gettext('Assigned time') }}
{{ gettext('Back to My experiments') }}
{{ gettext('Contacting the laboratory') }}
{{ gettext('Waiting in the queue, position {0}') }}
{{ gettext('That experiment is broken. Please contact the administrator {0}. Anyway, you are in the queue (position: {1}), so as soon as the admin fixes it you will be able to use the experiment. If you prefer, you can also log in later, because usually this takes a long time.') }}
{{ gettext('Log out') }}
{{ gettext('My Experiments') }}
{{ gettext('Picture') }}
{{ gettext('Username') }}
{{ gettext('Password') }}
{{ gettext('Invalid username or password') }}
{{ gettext('Logging in') }}
{{ gettext('The {0} field can not be empty') }}
{{ gettext('Reserve') }}
{{ gettext('Reserving') }}
{{ gettext('Welcome to the WebLab-DEUSTO') }}
{{ gettext('Show experiments') }}
{{ gettext('Welcome') }}
{{ gettext('Log in') }}
{{ gettext('Choose') }}
{{ gettext('Reserve this experiment') }}
{{ gettext('For any technical issue you may find, please contact us at {0}') }}
{{ gettext('If you do not have a user account, you can try our demo experiments with the username {0} and the password {1}.') }}
{{ gettext('Support') }}
{{ gettext('Demo') }}
{{ gettext('Mobile') }}
{{ gettext('Open Source') }}
{{ gettext('Create an account') }}
{{ gettext("Don''t have an account? Create one through Facebook") }}
{{ gettext('Administration Panel') }}
{{ gettext('WebLab-Deusto is Open Source Software, and it is available in {0}') }}
{{ gettext('Perform your experiments in the mobile version by clicking here') }}
{{ gettext('WebLab-Deusto is a Remote Laboratory. Students access experiments physically located in the university, having the same experience as if in traditional hands-on-lab sessions. There is more information regarding the project in the WebLab-Deusto Research Group site.') }}
{{ gettext('Information') }}
{{ gettext('Some experiments allow guest access') }}
{{ gettext('Login as guest') }}
{{ gettext('Direct link') }}
{{ gettext('Click here') }}
{{ gettext('More languages') }}
{{ gettext('This field can not be empty') }}
{{ gettext('Your user account is not allowed to access the Administration Panel') }}
{{ gettext('Accesses') }}
{{ gettext('Search') }}
{{ gettext('Passwords do not match') }}
{{ gettext('Users') }}
{{ gettext('Clear filter') }}
{{ gettext('Choose a value') }}
{{ gettext('Group') }}
{{ gettext('To') }}
{{ gettext('From') }}
{{ gettext('Filter') }}
{{ gettext('Experiment') }}
{{ gettext('VISIR experiment') }}
{{ gettext("Your web browser did not find VISIR code. If it''s the first time you run it, this might be normal: it just means that it took too long to download VISIR; try to refresh WebLab and it will work. If this problem persists, contact the administrator. Error: {0}") }}
{{ gettext('Circuits available') }}
{{ gettext("Powered by the wonderful VISIR Open Source project developed at the BTH") }}
{{ gettext('Select the program to send:') }}
{{ gettext('Upload') }}
{{ gettext("This demo demonstrates the multiresource queues of WebLab-Deusto. WebLab-Deusto supports that a single resource type can be used by different laboratories (therefore many laboratories share the same queue), and a laboratory can be built on top of different types of resources (and therefore, the laboratory internally uses more than one queue at the same time, which is probably shared with other laboratories). In this demo, you will use a CPLD or a FPGA depending on which one is available, but you can test that ud-demo-pld and ud-demo-fpga have their own queues. For instance, if you use one web browser to use the FPGA, you''ll see that using this demo you will not be assigned the FPGA. If this wasn''t a demo, you would select here the program that would be sent to the device. Since it could be harmful, in the demo we always send the same demonstration file.") }}
{{ gettext("If this wasn''t a demo, you would select here the program that would be sent to the device. Since it could be harmful, in the demo we always send the same demonstration file.") }}
{{ gettext('File sent.') }}
{{ gettext('Device ready') }}
{{ gettext('Device programming failed') }}
{{ gettext('This file type is not allowed') }}
{{ gettext('Sending file') }}
{{ gettext('Finishing programming') }}
{{ gettext('Your Virtual Machine is not yet ready. Please, wait. It often takes around {0} seconds.') }}
{{ gettext('Finishing') }}
{{ gettext('Done. VM is ready') }}
{{ gettext('Loading, please wait ({0}%)') }}
{{ gettext('Your Virtual Machine is now ready!') }}
{{ gettext('VM address:') }}
{{ gettext('Load Java applet VNC Client') }}
{{ gettext('Redirecting to') }}
{{ gettext('remote system') }}
{{ gettext("The submarine is only available few times, since the battery is usually empty. If you''re lucky, you''ll see the submarine and the green light of the submarine on, so you can play with it. Otherwise you''ll only be able to feed the fish (you can see the food in the top left side of the first camera) and turn on and off the lights.") }}
{{ gettext('Activate the submarine control panel') }}
{{ gettext("The submarine is probably out of battery! Don''t you want to feed the fish or play with the lights?") }}
{{ gettext('Yes, activate the submarine panel') }}
{{ gettext('Fish fed!') }}
{{ gettext('Fish already fed recently. Try again in {0} hours') }}
{{ gettext('Fish not fed: {0}') }}
{{ gettext('You can now control the aquarium') }}
{{ gettext('The program is being executed in the bot') }}
{{ gettext('There was an error: {0}') }}
{{ gettext('Select what program should be sent to the device') }}
{{ gettext('You can now control the bot') }}
{{ gettext('Programming interactive demo') }}
{{ gettext('Failed: {0}') }}
{{ gettext('Welcome to the WebLab-Deusto Logic Game!') }}
{{ gettext('Replace the unknown gate with the correct one so the LED turns on.') }}
{{ gettext('Solve as many circuits as possible to get more points and become the winner!') }}
{{ gettext("You can check your score at the winners page") }}
{{ gettext('Finished. Waiting for your score') }}
{{ gettext('Finished. Your score: {0}') }}
{{ gettext('Sending solution') }}
{{ gettext("Well done! 1 point. Let''s see the next one!") }}
{{ gettext('Wrong one! Game over. Total points: {0}') }}
{{ gettext('Choose the correct gate:') }}
{{ gettext("Check the ranking here") }}
{{ gettext('Send solution') }}
{{ gettext('This laboratory is managed by a Java applet that should pop up. If nothing happens, check you have Java properly configured.') }}
{{ gettext('Pure BCD') }}
{{ gettext('Other BCDs') }}
{{ gettext('Select a code:') }}
{{ gettext('Select other code') }}
{{ gettext('Loading {0}') }}


|
Copyright 2013-01-06 Werner Randelshofer | ||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
public interface Player
Player
is a media handler for rendering and controlling time based
media data.
| Field Summary | |
|---|---|
static int |
CLOSED
A player with this state has been explicitly closed or has encountered an error and can not be used any more. |
static int |
PREFETCHED
When a Player finishes Prefetching, it moves into the Prefetched state. |
static int |
PREFETCHING
When prefetch is called, a Player moves from the Realized state into the Prefetching state. |
static int |
REALIZED
When a Player finishes realizing it moves into the REALIZED state. |
static int |
REALIZING
When realize is called, a Player moves from the UNREALIZED state into the REALIZING state. |
static int |
STARTED
Calling start puts a Player into the Started state. |
static int |
UNREALIZED
A Player in the UNREALIZED state has been instantiated, but does not yet know anything about its media. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
void |
addChangeListener(javax.swing.event.ChangeListener listener)
Adds a listener that wants to be notified about state changes of the player. |
void |
addPropertyChangeListener(java.beans.PropertyChangeListener listener)
Adds a listener that wants to be notified about property changes of the player. |
void |
addStateListener(StateListener listener)
Adds a listener that wants to be notified about state changes of the player. |
void |
close()
Initiates the following asynchronous state transitions: any state -> closed |
void |
deallocate()
Initiates the following asynchronous state transitions: realizing -> unrealized prefetching -> realized prefetched -> realized realized started -> throws IllegalStateException closed -> throws IllegalStateException |
javax.swing.BoundedRangeModel |
getCachingModel()
Gets the model representing the realizing progress of the player. |
java.awt.Component |
getControlPanelComponent()
|
int |
getState()
Gets the current state of the player. |
int |
getTargetState()
Gets the target state. |
javax.swing.BoundedRangeModel |
getTimeModel()
Gets the model representing the time line of the player. |
long |
getTotalDuration()
|
java.awt.Component |
getVisualComponent()
|
boolean |
isActive()
Returns true when the target state of the player is equal to STARTED. |
boolean |
isAudioAvailable()
Returns true if audio is available. |
boolean |
isAudioEnabled()
Returns true if audio is enabled. |
boolean |
isCached()
Returns true when the player has completely cached all movie data. |
void |
prefetch()
Initiates the following asynchronous state transitions: unrealized -> realizing -> realized -> prefetching -> prefetched realizing -> realized -> prefetching -> prefetched realized -> prefetching -> prefetched prefetching -> prefetched prefetched closed -> throws IllegalStateException |
void |
realize()
Initiates the following asynchronous state transitions: unrealized -> realizing -> realized realizing -> realized realized closed -> throws IllegalStateException |
void |
removeChangeListener(javax.swing.event.ChangeListener listener)
Removes a listener. |
void |
removePropertyChangeListener(java.beans.PropertyChangeListener listener)
Removes a listener. |
void |
removeStateListener(StateListener listener)
Removes a listener. |
void |
setAudioEnabled(boolean b)
Sets the audio enabled state. |
void |
setTargetState(int state)
Sets the target state we want the player to be in. |
void |
start()
Initiates the following asynchronous state transitions: unrealized -> realizing -> realized -> prefetching -> prefetched -> started realizing -> realized -> prefetching -> prefetched -> started realized -> prefetching -> prefetched -> started prefetching -> prefetched -> started prefetched -> started started closed -> throws IllegalStateException |
void |
stop()
Initiates the following asynchronous state transitions: started -> prefetched unrealized realizing prefetching prefetched closed -> throws IllegalStateException |
| Field Detail |
|---|
static final int UNREALIZED
static final int REALIZING
static final int REALIZED
static final int PREFETCHING
static final int PREFETCHED
static final int STARTED
static final int CLOSED
| Method Detail |
|---|
void setAudioEnabled(boolean b)
boolean isAudioEnabled()
boolean isAudioAvailable()
int getState()
getState
in interface StateModel
int getTargetState()
void setTargetState(int state)
void realize()
void prefetch()
void deallocate()
void start()
void stop()
void close()
void addStateListener(StateListener listener)
addStateListener
in interface StateModel
void removeStateListener(StateListener listener)
removeStateListener
in interface StateModel
void addChangeListener(javax.swing.event.ChangeListener listener)
void removeChangeListener(javax.swing.event.ChangeListener listener)
void addPropertyChangeListener(java.beans.PropertyChangeListener listener)
void removePropertyChangeListener(java.beans.PropertyChangeListener listener)
javax.swing.BoundedRangeModel getTimeModel()
javax.swing.BoundedRangeModel getCachingModel()
boolean isCached()
java.awt.Component getVisualComponent()
java.awt.Component getControlPanelComponent()
long getTotalDuration()
boolean isActive()
|
Copyright 2013-01-06 Werner Randelshofer | ||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


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Capitalise on low hanging fruit to identify a ballpark value added activity to beta test. Override the digital divide with additional clickthroughs.
{% for message in messages %}
{% endfor %}
8 (200) 800 – 2000 – 600
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>PARIS, NORTH ST. 25


Given a string, find out the lexicographically smallest and largest substring of length k.
[Note: Lexicographic order is also known as alphabetic order dictionary order. So "ball" is smaller than "cat", "dog" is smaller than "dorm". Capital letter always comes before smaller letter, so "Happy" is smaller than "happy" and "Zoo" is smaller than "ball".]
Input Format
First line will consist a string containing english alphabets which has at most 1000 characters. 2nd line will consist an integer k.
Output Format
In the first line print the lexicographically minimum substring. In the second line print the lexicographically maximum substring.
Sample Input
welcometojava
3
Sample Output
ava
wel
Explanation
Here is the list of all substrings of length 3:
wel
elc
lco
com
ome
met
eto
toj
oja
jav
ava
Among them ava is the smallest and wel is the largest.


We will {{ data['how_to_notify'] }} you when your information is checked.
{% endif %} Send to someone elseWho can see your identity information
| Sent to | When | Actions |
|---|---|---|
| {{ data['someones-email'] }} | today | stop access |
We will {{ data['how_to_notify'] }} you when your information is checked.
{% endif %} Send to someone else| Sent to | When | Actions |
|---|---|---|
| {{ data['someones-email'] }} | today | stop access |


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Like Node.js’ path.resolve
/url.resolve
for the browser.
var resolveUrl = require("resolve-url")
window.location
// https://example.com/articles/resolving-urls/edit
resolveUrl("remove")
// https://example.com/articles/resolving-urls/remove
resolveUrl("/static/scripts/app.js")
// https://example.com/static/scripts/app.js
// Imagine /static/scripts/app.js contains `//# sourceMappingURL=../source-maps/app.js.map`
resolveUrl("/static/scripts/app.js", "../source-maps/app.js.map")
// https://example.com/static/source-maps/app.js.map
resolveUrl("/static/scripts/app.js", "../source-maps/app.js.map", "../coffee/app.coffee")
// https://example.com/static/coffee/app.coffee
resolveUrl("//cdn.example.com/jquery.js")
// https://cdn.example.com/jquery.js
resolveUrl("http://foo.org/")
// http://foo.org/
npm install resolve-url
bower install resolve-url
component install lydell/resolve-url
Works with CommonJS, AMD and browser globals, through UMD.
Pass one or more urls. Resolves the last one to an absolute url, using the
previous ones and window.location
.
It’s like starting out on window.location
, and then clicking links with the
urls as href
attributes in order, from left to right.
Unlike Node.js’ path.resolve
, this function always goes through all of the
arguments, from left to right. path.resolve
goes from right to left and only
in the worst case goes through them all. Should that matter.
Actually, the function is really like clicking a lot of links in series: An
actual <a>
gets its href
attribute set for each url! This means that the
url resolution of the browser is used, which makes this module really
light-weight.
Also note that this functions deals with urls, not paths, so in that respect it
has more in common with Node.js’ url.resolve
. But the arguments are more
like path.resolve
.
Run npm test
, which lints the code and then gives you a link to open in a
browser of choice (using testling
).


import React, { createContext } from "react";
import useAmplitudeSDK from "../hooks/useAmplitudeSDK";
import generateUUID from "../utils/generateUUID";
/**
* Creates a global context within any target application that will allow usage of the mock SDK
*/
export const AmplitudeContext = createContext();
/**
* Provider for the amplitude context, this is the access point to all of the functionality that you can
* use with the mock amplitude SDK. Any adjustments to the SDK and functionality itself will be managed through here.
* The target application won't be responsible at all for managing this functionality as this will be a seperate library
* @param {Object} props
*/
export const AmplitudeProvider = props => {
const { apiKey, events, flushAllEvents, initializeAPIKey, closeSession, logEvent } = useAmplitudeSDK();
const handleAPIKeyCreate = apiKey => {
initializeAPIKey(apiKey);
return true;
};
const handleEndSession = () => {
closeSession();
};
const handleLogEvent = (eventName, eventProperties) => {
logEvent(eventName, eventProperties);
};
const generateAPIKey = () => {
return generateUUID();
};
const flushEvents = () => {
flushAllEvents();
}
return (
<AmplitudeContext.Provider
value={{
apiKey,
handleAPIKeyCreate,
handleLogEvent,
handleEndSession,
events,
generateAPIKey,
flushEvents
}}
>
{props.children}
</AmplitudeContext.Provider>
);
};
/**
* Utility wrapper function that will wrap any component in a target application to be given the amplitude functionality for logging events
* Afterwards, the application will only have to pass in the event name and properties after authentication via the api key which is validated
* to be true without any sort of data storage for managing valid keys.
* @param {JSXElement} Component
*/
export const withAmplitudeContext = Component => {
return function WrapperComponent(props) {
return (
<AmplitudeContext.Consumer>
{state => <Component {...props} context={state} />}
</AmplitudeContext.Consumer>
);
};
};
|


In this project, we aims to explore the migration pattern among the world.
Three visualizations as well as our demo video and process book are presented in this website.
Enjoy!
The world map aims to convery a general idea for our topic. The blue means the movein volume is higher than moveout volume. The red means the movein volume is lower than moveout volume. The darker color indicates the larger gap between movein and moveout.You can also choose the decades. Use mouse over the country to explore the detail!
With the year change we can see the change of the migration pattern(especially Russia and Mexico). As expected, the North America, Oceania and Europe
are the main blue area. While the Asia, Africa and North America are the main red area.
The countries with large volume of immigration (larger than two million) has been demonstrated on the chord diagram. Select the country that you want to explore on the list box, or move your mouse over the chord, the overall spread of immigration have been displayed. Which country tend to have more and more outflow during time period? Which country is the top choice for immigrants? Explore by yourself!
goThis chart aims to show the migration pattern for each country in five decades in details. Use the brush or search for the country to explore!
In this visualization we can see that developed countries usually have positive balances while the majority of developing countries have negative balances
GoBack to Top
This project is designed and developed for the final project of CS573 Data Visualization at Worcester Polytechnic Institute
by
Xiaoqun Wang, Yimin Lin, Congyang Wang
Download Process Book


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library(file_systems)
This module provides operations on files and directories, such as renaming, deleting, opening, checking permissions, accessing members of.
The following principles have been observed:
absolute_file_name/3
.
library(directory)
raise an error exception. Any time that a predicate
fails quietly, it should mean “this question is meaningful, but the
answer is no”.
The “property” routines use the same simplistic access control
model as that used by the absolute_file_name/3
access/1
-option. See mpg-ref-absolute_file_name, for details.

This is more or less equivalent to
absolute_file_name(
File, _, [file_type(directory),access([exist|
Mode]),file_errors(fail)])
.
make_directory(
+Directory)
absolute_file_name/3
,
and the resulting directory is created.
file_exists(
+File)
file_exists(
+File,
+Mode)
exist
.
This is more or less equivalent to
absolute_file_name(
File, _, [access([exist|
Mode]),file_errors(fail)])
.
file_must_exist(
+File)
file_must_exist(
+File,
+Mode)
file_exists(
File[,
Mode])
except that if the file is not
accessible it reports an error.
This is more or less equivalent to
absolute_file_name(
File, _, [access([exist|
Mode]),file_errors(error)])
.
directory_must_exist(
+File)
directory_must_exist(
+File,
+Mode)
file_must_exists(
File[,
Mode])
, but for directories.
This is more or less equivalent to
absolute_file_name(
File, _, [file_type(directory),access([exists|
Mode]),file_errors(error)])
.
close_all_streams
abort/0
. Note that current_stream/3
does not notice the standard
streams.
directory_member_of_directory(
?BaseName,
?FullName)
This uses absolute_file_name/3
with the glob/1
option.
directory_member_of_directory(
+Directory,
?BaseName,
?FullName)
This uses absolute_file_name/3
with the glob/1
option.
directory_member_of_directory(
+Directory,
+Pattern,
?BaseName,
?FullName)
This uses absolute_file_name/3
with a glob(
Pattern)
option.
directory_members_of_directory(
-Set)
This uses absolute_file_name/3
with the glob/1
option.
directory_members_of_directory(
+Directory,
-Set)
This uses absolute_file_name/3
with the glob/1
option.
directory_members_of_directory(
+Directory,
+Pattern,
-Set)
This uses absolute_file_name/3
with a glob(
Pattern)
option.
file_member_of_directory(
?BaseName,
?FullName)
This uses absolute_file_name/3
with the glob/1
option.
file_member_of_directory(
+Directory,
?BaseName,
?FullName)
This uses absolute_file_name/3
with the glob/1
option.
file_member_of_directory(
+Directory,
+Pattern,
?BaseName,
?FullName)
This uses absolute_file_name/3
with a glob(
Pattern)
option.
file_members_of_directory(
-Set)
This uses absolute_file_name/3
with the glob/1
option.
file_members_of_directory(
+Directory,
-Set)
This uses absolute_file_name/3
with the glob/1
option.
file_members_of_directory(
+Directory,
+Pattern,
-Set)
This uses absolute_file_name/3
with a glob(
Pattern)
option.
directory_property(
+Directory,
?Property)
directory_property(., searchable).
The current set of file and directory properties include:
readable
writable
executable
searchable
create_timestamp
modify_timestamp
access_timestamp
The timestamp is what should be used when comparing information
between files since it is independent of locale issues like time zone and daylight
savings time etc.
create_localtime
modify_localtime
access_localtime
..._timestamp
values passed
through system:datime/2
, i.e. expressed as local time and
split up in the components year, month, day, hour, minute, seconds.
set_user_id
set_group_id
save_text
who_can_read
who_can_write
who_can_execute
who_can_search
[user,group,other]
for the
process classes that can, respectively, read, write, execute (only for
files) or search (only for directories.
owner_user_id
owner_group_id
owner_user_name
owner_group_group
'
DOMAIN\
NAME'
will be used.
If for some reason the name cannot be found it will fall back to using
the same value as owner_user_id
and owner_group_id
.
Other properties may be added in the future. You can backtrack through
the available properties by calling file_property/3
or
directory_property/3
with an uninstantiated Property
argument.
directory_property(
+Directory,
?Property,
?Value)
directory_property/2
, above, for a list of properties.
file_property(
+File,
?Property)
file_property(., readable).
See directory_property/2
, above, for a list of properties.
file_property(
+File,
?Property,
?Value)
directory_property/2
, above, for a list of properties.
current_directory(
-Directory)
current_directory(
-Directory,
+NewDirectory)


Package me.yixqiao.jlearn.genetic
Class Population
- java.lang.Object
-
- me.yixqiao.jlearn.genetic.Population
-
public abstract class Population extends java.lang.Object
Population of individuals.
-
-
Field Summary
Fields Modifier and Type Field Description int
generation
Which generation the population is on.protected int
indivCount
Number of individuals.protected Individual[]
individuals
Array of individuals.protected int
layerCount
Number of layers.protected java.util.ArrayList<Layer>
layers
ArrayList of layers as a template for individuals.
-
Constructor Summary
Constructors Constructor Description Population(int indivCount)
Create a new population.
-
Method Summary
All Methods Instance Methods Abstract Methods Concrete Methods Modifier and Type Method Description Population
addLayer(Layer layer)
Add a layer to the general layer template.protected abstract void
calcScores()
Calculate the scores for each network.Matrix
forwardPropagate(int indivNum, Matrix x)
Forward propagate for a single individual.void
init()
Initialize the population.protected void
initLayers()
Initialize all layers.void
oneGeneration()
Simulate one generation.protected void
printBest(int n)
Print scores of the best networks.protected void
resetScores()
Reset scores.protected abstract void
select()
Select and randomize networks for the next generation.void
simGenerations(int generations)
Simulate generations.
-
-
-
Field Detail
-
indivCount
protected final int indivCount
Number of individuals.
-
layers
protected final java.util.ArrayList<Layer> layers
ArrayList of layers as a template for individuals.
-
generation
public int generation
Which generation the population is on.
-
individuals
protected Individual[] individuals
Array of individuals.
-
layerCount
protected int layerCount
Number of layers.
-
-
Method Detail
-
addLayer
public Population addLayer(Layer layer)
Add a layer to the general layer template.- Parameters:
layer
- the layer- Returns:
- the population itself to allow for daisy chaining
-
initLayers
protected void initLayers()
Initialize all layers.This function should not be called directly; the
init
method does this already.
-
init
public void init()
Initialize the population.This must be run after adding all layers and before simulating.
-
forwardPropagate
public Matrix forwardPropagate(int indivNum, Matrix x)
Forward propagate for a single individual.- Parameters:
indivNum
- the individualx
- the input matrix- Returns:
- the output
-
simGenerations
public void simGenerations(int generations)
Simulate generations.- Parameters:
generations
- number of generations
-
oneGeneration
public void oneGeneration()
Simulate one generation.
-
resetScores
protected void resetScores()
Reset scores. This is called withinoneGeneration
.
-
calcScores
protected abstract void calcScores()
Calculate the scores for each network.
-
select
protected abstract void select()
Select and randomize networks for the next generation.
-
printBest
protected void printBest(int n)
Print scores of the best networks.- Parameters:
n
- number of networks to print
-
-


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block body %}
Hello, {{first_name}}!!!
you have registered successfully
click Here to view applicants


Firdous calls for collective strategy to counter Islamophobia
by APPISLAMABAD: Special Assistant to the Prime Minister Dr Firdous Ashiq Awan Monday said the Muslim Ummah should adopt a comprehensive and collective strategy to counter Islamophobia.
The narrative linked with Islamophobia was a serious threat to the world peace and there was a need to promote the real message of Islam to tackle that issue, she said in a statement on the eve of her departure to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to represent Pakistan in the OIC’s golden jubilee celebrations.
She said being a founder member of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), Pakistan had always played a pro-active role.
Dr Firdous said a bid to desecrate the Holy Quran in Norway was a deplorable and condemnable incident.
She said on the directives of Prime Minister Imran Khan, she would raise in the OIC meeting the incident of desecration of Holy Quran in Norway, the latest situation in Indian Occupied Kashmir and the issue of hurting the sentiments of Indian Muslims by allotment of Babri Mosque land to Hindus.
The special assistant left for a two-day visit of Saudi Arabia on the invitation of OIC Secretary-General Yousef bin Ahmad Al-Othaimeen and Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal Bin Farhan Al Saud.


Welcome to DEV_LAUNCH
JS Class by Aditya
Click me
Before moving forward.
Click me to change the Background Color
Mentors
The Mentors are:
Aditya
Harsh
Abhishek
Click me to change the Welcome Message


Aerial View is a new feature in HexEdit 3.5. It allows you to get an overview of even very large files at a glance then drill down to specific parts of a file. There are also facilities for displaying the selection, search occurrences, etc (as marching ants or in the border) which is very useful for dealing with large amounts of information at a glance - for example you can use it to check when making a large selection that you are getting the part of the file that you expected.
Aerial View is also useful to reverse-engineer file formats for which you don't have access to the documentation (or the format was never documented). For large files one of the first steps is to get an overview of the file by looking for areas that are different from others that may indicate special data like record headers.
The Display
When Aerial View is turned on (or a file is opened and Aerial View mode is on by default) HexEdit prepares a bitmap (ie, graphical image) of the file where each byte (or group of bytes for very large files) is represented by one pixel. This happens in the background (ie in a low-priority background thread) so will not affect anything else you want to do with the file. The Aerial View of the file is displayed in a separate "view" pane (similar to the template view) which can be shown in a split pane to the right of the hex view or in a separate tabbed window.
Note that for a large file there might be a delay while HexEdit scans the file but often the Aerial View appears almost immediately. While the scan is taking place you can continue working but the aerial view will display as gray the part of the file not yet scanned.
It is very important to understand how the bitmap appears in the Aerial View pane is affected by these two things:
1. The number of bytes per bitmap pixel. Generally there is one byte per pixel but for very large files (approaching or exceeding the GByte size) then HexEdit needs to create a bitmap where each pixel represent 2, 4, 8 or more bytes. Note that the colour of this combined pixel is the result of the combined colors of each of the bytes so there is still a lot of information being displayed.
2. How big a bitmap pixel is displayed on the screen. On some monitors nowadays a single pixel is almost imperceptible so HexEdit allows you to zoom (see below) the bitmap so that a single "pixel" is displayed on screen in a block of pixels as large as 16 by 16.
Zoom
There are several abilities of the aerial view window that make it very useful. First you can zoom in and out on the view to see more detail, using Ctrl+mouse wheel as usual or using the context menu. If the bitmap is too large to display then you can also scroll up and down using the scrollbar or the mouse wheel. Also note that the bitmap width adjusts to the width of the window so you can often see new patterns by changing the window width which changes how different pixels align in the bitmap.
Colors
To make best use of the aerial view it is important to use a suitable color scheme. If you are unaware of it, HexEdit (since version 2.1) has had the ability to set up color schemes where ranges of bytes can be displayed in different colors. For example if the a certain byte value or ranges of values are important then you can set those to display in red. See the Color Options page for details.
If you know nothing at all about the data then using the "rainbow" color scheme that comes with HexEdit is a good way to see the spread of byte values. This splits the 256 byte values into 12 ranges of about 20 bytes each with the colors for each range varying from red, through various shades of green, blue, etc to purple.
With practice you will learn to recognize what different patterns indicate. Also changing the width of the aerial view window can reveal new patterns by allowing different pixels to come into alignment
Other Display Features
The Aerial View is also very useful for working with a file in other ways since it shows information about the selection, bookmarks, highlighted bytes, search occurrences. You can see them in the aerial view as "marching ants" and or in the left margin.
Marching ants are dotted lines that slowly move like a trail of ants. They enclose the relevant bytes and slowly move to make it easier to see the boundaries.
For example, imagine you have performed a search and the search occurrences pane of the status bar informs you that there are thousands of occurrences of the search text. If you want to get an overview of where throughout the file these occurrences are you can simply inspect the aerial view and looking for searches occurrences shown as marching ants and/or in the left margin in the current search color (green by default)).
Marching ants and the left margin indicators can be shown individually for each of:
1. selection - shown in black and white
2. the mark - cyan in default color scheme
3. bookmarks - blue in default color scheme
4. highlighted bytes - normally yellow
5. background search occurrences - green
To turn on/off these options use the context menu by right-clicking anywhere in the aerial view window.
For further information see:
Context Menus for Aerial View context menu commands
Hide Aerial View command to hide the Aerial View
Split Aerial View command to show the Aerial View in a split window
Tabbed Aerial View command to show the Aerial View in a tabbed window


{% extends 'database/base.html' %} {% block title %}Thunder Games - API{% endblock %} {% block api_active %}active{% endblock %} {% block body %}
APIs can be accessed on the links listed below.
thundergames.pythonanywhere.com/api/games
.thundergames.pythonanywhere.com/api/main-genres
.thundergames.pythonanywhere.com/api/subgenres
./api/game/<primary_key>
, e.g. thundergames.pythonanywhere.com/api/game/1/
./api/main-genre/<primary_key>
, e.g. thundergames.pythonanywhere.com/api/main-genre/1/
./api/subgenre/<primary_key>
, e.g. thundergames.pythonanywhere.com/api/subgenre/1/
.


One-sided communication has the same progress requirements as point-to-point communication: once a communication is enabled it is guaranteed to complete. RMA calls must have local semantics, except when required for synchronization with other RMA calls.
There is some fuzziness in the definition of the time when a RMA communication becomes enabled. This fuzziness provides to the implementor more flexibility than with point-to-point communication. Access to a target window becomes enabled once the corresponding synchronization (such as MPI_WIN_FENCE or MPI_WIN_POST) has executed. On the origin process, an RMA communication may become enabled as soon as the corresponding put, get or accumulate call has executed, or as late as when the ensuing synchronization call is issued. Once the communication is enabled both at the origin and at the target, the communication must complete.
Consider the code fragment in Example General Active Target Synchronization . Some of the calls may block if the target window is not posted. However, if the target window is posted, then the code fragment must complete. The data transfer may start as soon as the put call occurs, but may be delayed until the ensuing complete call occurs.
Consider the code fragment in Example Lock . Some of the calls may block if another process holds a conflicting lock. However, if no conflicting lock is held, then the code fragment must complete.
Consider the code illustrated in Figure 25 .
Each process updates the window of the other process using a put operation, then accesses its own window. The post calls are nonblocking, and should complete. Once the post calls occur, RMA access to the windows is enabled, so that each process should complete the sequence of calls start-put-complete. Once these are done, the wait calls should complete at both processes. Thus, this communication should not deadlock, irrespective of the amount of data transferred.
Assume, in the last example, that the order of the post and start calls is reversed at each process. Then, the code may deadlock, as each process may block on the start call, waiting for the matching post to occur. Similarly, the program will deadlock if the order of the complete and wait calls is reversed at each process.
The following two examples illustrate the fact that the synchronization between complete and wait is not symmetric: the wait call blocks until the complete executes, but not vice versa. Consider the code illustrated in Figure 26 .
Figure 26: Deadlock situation
This code will deadlock: the wait of process 1 blocks until process 0 calls complete, and the receive of process 0 blocks until process 1 calls send. Consider, on the other hand, the code illustrated in Figure 27 .
Figure 27: No deadlock
This code will not deadlock. Once process 1 calls post, then the sequence start, put, complete on process 0 can proceed to completion. Process 0 will reach the send call, allowing the receive call of process 1 to complete.
Rationale.
MPI implementations must guarantee that a process makes progress on all enabled communications it participates in, while blocked on an MPI call. This is true for send-receive communication and applies to RMA communication as well. Thus, in the example in Figure 27 , the put and complete calls of process 0 should complete while process 1 is blocked on the receive call. This may require the involvement of process 1, e.g., to transfer the data put, while it is blocked on the receive call.
A similar issue is whether such progress must occur
while a process is busy computing, or blocked in a
non- MPI call. Suppose that in the last example the send-receive
pair is replaced by a write-to-socket/read-from-socket pair. Then
MPI does not specify whether deadlock is avoided.
Suppose that the blocking
receive of process 1 is replaced by a very long compute loop. Then,
according to one interpretation of
the MPI standard, process 0 must return from the complete call after
a bounded delay, even if process 1 does not reach any MPI call in
this period of time. According to another interpretation, the
complete call may block until process 1 reaches the wait call, or
reaches another MPI call. The qualitative behavior is the same,
under both interpretations, unless a process is caught in an infinite compute loop, in which case the difference may not matter.
However, the quantitative expectations are different.
Different MPI implementations reflect these different
interpretations.
While this ambiguity is unfortunate, the MPI Forum decided not to define
which interpretation of the standard is the correct one, since the issue is
contentious.
( End of rationale.)


Lesson: Personas, stories, wireframes
Lesson objectives
- Learn what a user persona is and why we might want them
- OK, learn why maybe we don't want to use personas
- Learn what a user story is and why we might write them
- OK, learn why maybe we should write job stories instead
- Create our first, very basic wireframe
Introductory material
OK, I don't know about you, but I'm tired of that boring Mojo site. I want to build something that's useful to me (or us). So, I'm thinking, let's build a website for the pre-work. We can go through the process step by step.
At first, at least, it will just be an old-fashioned static website. But maybe later we'll add some CoffeeScript and jQuery and have some fun.
Hooray! So how do we get started?
Well, the first thing we need to do is to figure out what our site will do, and who it will do it for.
To this end, we'll begin by creating personas for our audience. I can think of three different types of user who we might want to serve.
Obviously, there are the students: you. You are the primary audience as you'll be doing the lessons, so the site should put your needs foremost.
Then there are the instructors, who are also the authors and editors of the content. We'll need to think about them a bit, too.
Finally, we might want to show the site off to others: friends, family, the course manager, curriculum folks, etc. Let's call them guests. So we should at least consider their needs.
So we'll create three personas—student, instructor, and guest—one for each type of user.
Great! How do we build a persona, then?
Well, there is an excellent explanation of personas on the usability.gov website, so rather than reinvent the wheel here, go check it out, then come back and we'll build our personas.
So let's take a look at our three example personas...
Our three brilliant personas
Should we really use personas?
Well, that seems a funny question to ask at this juncture.  Now we're not going to use them?
Heh, heh. Not so fast! We might use them, and we might not. It was important to create them if for no other reason than because there is a very good chance that whatever job you take in the webdev world, you're going to encounter them. Better to know how to make them.
But there is a minority of developers who think that personas are a bad idea, and they make some very good points. One of the best points is that the personas are made up, and because we are just making them up, we tend fill them with our own stereotypes of our users and then fool ourselves into thinking that we know something about our users!
Gosh, who would do a thing like that? Oh. Yeah. Everyone.
Once the personas have been created, most developers will create user stories next. But these, too, have their detractors. Let's look at a couple of different ways to create user stories, and then see how else we might solve the same problem.
So what's the (user) story?
We need some way to come up with a specification for our website. One of the biggest mistakes that most newbie developers (and many who really oughta know better) make is to jump straight into coding.
As you will soon discover—if you haven't already—the compulsion to do this is almost irresistible. I—cough, cough—may have even done it myself on occasion.
But jumping straight to the code is what we in the biz call a Very Bad Idea™. Just. Don't. Do. It.
What's the point of spending a lot of time writing code if you're just going to end up throwing it all away and redoing it?
Here's the right way to build a website or Web application:
- Determine who your primary audiences are and what they want (Personas? Maybe.)
- Determine what your site/application needs to do to meet their needs (User stories? Job stories? Hmm. We'll see.)
- Wireframe out the first few pages
- Get buy in from the stakeholders
- Now, and only now, write a little bit of code, then iterate through the above again.
This iterative process (called the Agile Method) allows us to make sure that all the stakeholders are involved at every step of the process, and that mistakes are discovered and corrected quickly. We'll be talking a lot about the Agile Method during WDI. Wait! Talking? We'll be doing it. Daily.
Well, what do these stories look like?
- The original format from 2001 looked like this:
- As a [role], I want [goal/desire] so that [benefit]
- Here's an example (from Wikipedia):
- As a student, I want to see estimated times for completion, so that I may schedule my lesson better.
- Some developers have a problem with this format, however. They think that the benefit should come first (calling it “hunting the value”), so they swap it around:
- In order to [receive benefit] as a [role], I want [goal/desire]
- Now we have:
- So that I may schedule my lessons better, as a student, I want to see estimated times for completion.
- That worked for a number of years. Then some smart guy pointed out that if you drop the role part, you don't really lose anything. And then that lead to yet another idea, that of the job story. The job story follows this format:
- When [situation], I want to [motivation], so I can [expected outcome]
- Here's our user story rewritten as a job story:
- When I start a lesson, I want to know how long it will take to complete it, so that I can schedule my time appropriately.
OK, I give up. Which story format should I use?
The truth is this: it probably doesn't matter. What is most important here is to stimulate discussion involving all the stakeholders—including, if possible, the users themselves—so that the specification—the feature set—is as complete and correct as possible.
Building the pre-work website is an Agile process—an iterative process—so why not write a few of your own user or job stories? After all, you are the intended users. Send yours to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and maybe they'll be incorporated into the site's UX. Stranger things have happened...
On to the wireframe!
OK, assuming we have an idea of who our audience(s) is, and we have a few stories to let us know what features we want, the next step is to create a basic wireframe of the page. In this lesson we're just going to build a structure for the page, then we'll fill it in with an example lesson in our next pre-work installment.
According to Wikipedia (a very useful resource and one I recommend highly):
A website wireframe, also known as a
page schematic or screen blueprint,
is a visual guide that represents the skeletal framework of a website.
I used an online wireframing tool called Balsamiq to create a very simple structural wireframe for a typical lesson page. Here it is:
Wait... why does it look so, uh, sketchy?
That's not an accident! Avoid the temptation to use “pixel perfect” graphics for your wireframes! You are not doing the graphic design here. You are working on the structure and layout of the page—determining what goes where.
If you use something like PhotoShop and you try to make it look like it will look with all the design elements in place, then you are getting way ahead of yourself and wasting a lot of time. Odds are that this design is going to change many times before it is finalized. You really want to waste all that time? Keep it to simple sketches until we know what we're going to do.
Create an index.html page and code the above structure up (without looking), then check your code against mine (see last page). No cheating!


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 6
These salmon fillets, with their decorative topping of herby cream cheese and roasted red peppers, will impress at any dinner party.
Preheat the oven to 200C/180C Fan/Gas 6 and line a baking tray with baking paper.
Add the cream cheese to a bowl with the Parmesan, garlic, chives and salt and pepper and stir. Season the salmon with salt and ground black pepper and spread the cream cheese mixture equally over each fillet.
Mix the lemon zest and parsley together and sprinkle over each fillet, pressing down lightly. Place the fillets fairly close together on the prepared baking tray and arrange the peppers on top in a pretty pattern.
Roast in the oven for 15–18 minutes, or until the salmon is cooked through. Squeeze over the lemon juice and serve hot with new potatoes and dressed salad leaves.


| Compile timestamp |
The file ~/settings/Beezer/_bzr_ctstamp.txt contains the date & time when your copy of Beezer was compiled. It is a generate file and do NOT modify it!
This is often useful in knowing how old your Beezer is, and also useful for debugging purposes (in situations when even the app refuses to start). You can also see this date & time in your About box.
This file is internally used by Beezer and in general you shouldn't tamper with or bother about it.
| FileType Rules file | Mimetype preferences |


This is just a simple example to demonstrate how to create a form to post
search criteria that will appear in an iframe on your site.
Most of these fields should be created as hidden input fields, while only
exposing certain fields for your users.


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LLVM: llvmgcc tool
NAME
llvmgcc
SYNOPSIS
llvmgcc [options] filename
DESCRIPTION
The llvmgcc command is the LLVM C front end. It is a modified version
of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) that takes
C programs and compiles them into LLVM bytecode or assembly language, depending
upon the options.
Unless the -S option is specified, llvmgcc will use the
gccas program to perform some optimizations
and create an LLVM bytecode file. Unless the -c option is specified,
llvmgcc will also use the gccld
program to perform further optimizations and link the resulting bytecode
file(s) with support libraries to create an executable program.
Being derived from GCC, llvmgcc has many of GCC's features and accepts most of
GCC's options. It handles a number of GCC's extensions to the C programming
language.
Below you will find several commonly used options:
OPTIONS
- -S
Do not generate an LLVM bytecode file. Rather, compile the source file
into an LLVM assembly language file.
- -c
Do not generate a linked bytecode executable. Rather, compile the source
file into an LLVM bytecode file. This bytecode file can then be linked
with other bytecode files later to generate a full LLVM executable.
- -o filename
Specify the output file to be filename.
- -I directory
Add a directory to the header file search path. This option can be
repeated.
- -L directory
Add directory to the library search path. This option can be
repeated.
- -lname
Link in the library libname.[bc | a | so]. This library should
be a bytecode library.
- -Wl,option
Pass option to the linker program, gccld.
EXIT STATUS
If llvmgcc succeeds, it will exit with 0. Otherwise, if an error
occurs, it will exit with a non-zero value.
SEE ALSO
llvmg++,
gccas,
gccld,
and the Info documentation for gcc.
Maintained by the LLVM Team.


Welcome to KinJector’s documentation!¶
KinJector¶
Inject/eject JSON/YAML data to/from KiCad Board files.
Free software: MIT license
Documentation: https://xesscorp.github.io/kinjector
Features¶
Parameters in one or more JSON or YAML files can be injected into a KiCad PCB file.
Parameters from a KiCad PCB file can be extracted and stored in a JSON or YAML file.
The currently-supported set of parameters can control the design rules, net classes, assignment of netclasses to particular nets, plotting options, and (X,Y)/orientation/top-bottom-side position of part footprints.
Subsets of parameters can be used to restrict the scope of effects upon the PCB.
A script is provided to allow injection/ejection of JSON/YAML data to/from a KiCad PCB file. In addition, the
kinjector
module can be used within other Python scripts to manipulate KiCad PCB files.
Installation¶
KinJector needs KiCad’s pcbnew
Python module to run.
For this reason, you’ll probably want to install it in KiCad’s Python environment.
Under Windows, you can do this by opening a terminal and issuing the command:
$ set path=C:\Program Files\kicad\bin;%path%
Then to install KinJector, run this command in your terminal:
$ pip install kinjector
This is the preferred method to install KinJector, as it will always install the most recent stable release. However, if you want the latest features before a stable release is made, you can get that with this command:
$ pip install git+https://github.com/xesscorp/kinjector
Usage¶
Command Line¶
KinJector comes with a command-line script called (appropriately enough) kinjector
.
It can be used in two ways:
To inject data stored in a JSON or YAML file into a KiCad board file
$ kinjector -from data.json -to test.kicad_pcb
To extract data from a KiCad board file and store it in a JSON or YAML file
$ kinjector -from test.kicad_pcb -to data.yaml
The data file can contain information on:
Design rule settings (allowable track widths, via sizes, etc.);
Enabled board layers and layer visibility;
Net class definitions;
Assignments of nets to net classes;
Plot settings (format, output layers, etc.);
Part information such as (X,Y) position, angle of orientation, and location on the top or bottom side of the PCB.
The easiest way to comprehend the structure of the data is to extract an example from an existing board and look at the resulting JSON/YAML file as follows:
board:
board setup:
design rules:
blind/buried via allowed: true
hole to hole spacing: 678976266
min track width: 320000
min uvia diameter: 470000
min uvia drill size: 120000
min via diameter: 120000
min via drill size: 110000
prohibit courtyard overlap: false
require courtyards: false
uvia allowed: true
layers:
'# copper layers': 4
board thickness: 3200000
enabled:
- 0
- 1
- 2
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 49
visible:
- 0
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 49
net classes:
net class assignments:
? ''
: Default
Net-(D1-Pad1): new_new_class
Net-(D1-Pad2): Default
Net-(R1-Pad2): Default
Net-(R2-Pad1): new_new_class
net class definitions:
Default:
clearance: 600000
description: ''
diff pair gap: 450000
diff pair width: 400000
track width: 350000
uvia diameter: 800000
uvia drill: 300000
via diameter: 900000
via drill: 800000
new_new_class:
clearance: 220000
description: ''
diff pair gap: 255000
diff pair width: 150000
track width: 225000
uvia diameter: 330000
uvia drill: 110000
via diameter: 880000
via drill: 455000
solder mask/paste:
solder mask clearance: 34000
solder mask min width: 570000
solder paste clearance: 1
solder paste clearance ratio: -0.2
tracks, vias, diff pairs:
diff pair dimensions list: []
track width list:
- 1990000
- 456000
via dimensions list:
- diameter: 480000
drill: 841000
modules:
D1:
position:
angle: -120.0
side: bottom
x: 172517000
y: 90297000
R1:
position:
angle: -30.0
side: top
x: 161528000
y: 102248000
R2:
position:
angle: 120.0
side: top
x: 166187222
y: 99187111
R3:
position:
angle: 30.0
side: bottom
x: 277187000
y: 203137000
plot:
autoscale: true
color: null
coordinate format: 4
default line width: 150000
do not tent vias: true
drill marks: 2
exclude pcb edge: false
force a4 output: true
format: 2
generate gerber job file: true
hpgl pen num: 2
hpgl pen size: 16.0
hpgl pen speed: 30
include netlist attributes: true
layers:
- 0
- 1
- 2
- 31
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 44
mirrored plot: true
negative plot: true
output directory: ''
plot border: true
plot footprint refs: false
plot footprint values: false
plot in outline mode: false
plot invisible text: true
plot mode: 1
plot pads on silk: true
scale: 2.0
scaling: 3
skip npth pads: true
subtract soldermask from silk: true
text mode: 2
track width correction: 1
use aux axis as origin: true
use protel filename extensions: true
use x2 format: true
x scale factor: 2.0
y scale factor: 1.2
You don’t need to specify every field in order to inject data into a board: only the fields you want to change are needed. For example, this YAML file will change the minimum track width to 0.3 mm (300000 nm) and leave the rest of the board unchanged:
board:
board setup:
design rules:
min track width: 320000
As a Package¶
To use the KinJector package in a Python project:
import kinjector
This will give you access to the Board
class that has two methods:
inject(self, data_dict, brd)
: This will inject the data in a dictionary into a KiCadBOARD
object.eject(self, brd)
: This will return a dictionary containing all the data that is currently supported from aBOARD
object.
As an example, the code shown below will extract all the data from a KiCad PCB file and then inject it all back into the same board:
import json
import pcbnew
import kinjector
# Extract info from a KiCad board and store it in a data file.
brd = pcbnew.LoadBoard('test.kicad_pcb')
data_dict = kinjector.Board().eject(brd)
with open('test.json', 'w') as data_fp:
json.dump(data_dict, data_fp, indent=4)
# Inject data from file back into board.
brd = pcbnew.LoadBoard('test.kicad_pcb')
with open('test.json', 'r') as data_fp:
data_dict = json.load(data_fp)
kinjector.Board().inject(data_dict, brd)
brd.Save('test_output.kicad_pcb')
You can also inject data into a board using Python dicts. Just replicate the hierarchical structure and field labels shown above.
Contributing¶
Contributions are welcome, and they are greatly appreciated! Every little bit helps, and credit will always be given.
You can contribute in many ways:
Types of Contributions¶
Report Bugs¶
Report bugs at https://github.com/xesscorp/kinjector/issues.
If you are reporting a bug, please include:
Your operating system name and version.
Any details about your local setup that might be helpful in troubleshooting.
Detailed steps to reproduce the bug.
Fix Bugs¶
Look through the GitHub issues for bugs. Anything tagged with “bug” and “help wanted” is open to whoever wants to implement it.
Implement Features¶
Look through the GitHub issues for features. Anything tagged with “enhancement” and “help wanted” is open to whoever wants to implement it.
Write Documentation¶
KinJector could always use more documentation, whether as part of the official KinJector docs, in docstrings, or even on the web in blog posts, articles, and such.
Submit Feedback¶
The best way to send feedback is to file an issue at https://github.com/xesscorp/kinjector/issues.
If you are proposing a feature:
Explain in detail how it would work.
Keep the scope as narrow as possible, to make it easier to implement.
Remember that this is a volunteer-driven project, and that contributions are welcome :)
Pull Request Guidelines¶
Before you submit a pull request, check that it meets these guidelines:
The pull request should include tests.
If the pull request adds functionality, the docs should be updated. Put your new functionality into a function with a docstring, and add the feature to the list in README.rst.
The pull request should work for Python 2.7 and 3.7.
Credits¶
Development Lead¶
XESS Corp<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Contributors¶
Mike Tsao - https://sowbug.github.io/
History¶
0.0.6 (2020-02-14)¶
yaml.load() will accept a KiCad board file as legal YAML, so place additional checks to detect yaml files and prevent over-writing .kicad_pcb files with YAML.
0.0.5 (2019-06-19)¶
Rearranged hierarchy of board data to more closely reflect KiCad board setup dialog.
0.0.4 (2019-06-10)¶
Added ability to inject/eject plot settings (but not drill settings).
0.0.3 (2019-06-07)¶
Added ability to inject/eject layer enables and visibility.
0.0.2 (2019-05-29)¶
Added ability to inject/eject part (X,Y), orientation, and PCB top/bottom-side.
Added ability to inject/eject board design rules.
Now works with both JSON and YAML file formats.
Unit tests added.
Command-line tool added.
Documentation added.
0.0.1 (2019-05-15)¶
First release on PyPI.


we can all agree on,
is that Zaynab mohamed was quite someone special!
she was honest,
and so kind,
and when i say so kind i mean it :)
and a person worthy of love...

In short, I wish you a year so devoid of tragedy that we will all have the pleasure to be bored again by the insignificance of the things that make you happy.
From the bottom of my heart,
I wish you a boring but happy life!


Before Change
console_logger.info("Number of mismatched counts: ")
console_logger.info("\n" + pprint.pformat(mismatches_report))
mismatches_object_ids = {key: value for key, value in mismatches_object_ids.items() if value}
console_logger.info("\n" + pprint.pformat(mismatches_object_ids))
After Change
if count % 10000 == 0:
console_logger.info(message % (total, 100 * float(count + 1) / total))
mismatches_report = defaultdict(int)
mismatches_object_ids = defaultdict(list)
// IMPLEMENTATION NOTE: on the code below we iterate multiple times on Sounds, Packs and Users tables.
// This is done in this way because due to our DB structure and the way that Django ORM works, if we annotate


#include <stdint.h>
Go to the source code of this file.
Functions | |
| void | RSTC_ConfigureMode (uint32_t rmr) |
| Configure the mode of the RSTC peripheral. More... | |
| void | RSTC_SetUserResetEnable (uint8_t enable) |
| Enable/Disable the detection of a low level on the pin NRST as User Reset. More... | |
| void | RSTC_SetUserResetInterruptEnable (uint8_t enable) |
| Enable/Disable the interrupt of a User Reset (USRTS bit in RSTC_RST). More... | |
| void | RSTC_SetExtResetLength (uint8_t powl) |
| Setup the external reset length. More... | |
| void | RSTC_ProcessorReset (void) |
| Resets the processor. More... | |
| void | RSTC_ExtReset (void) |
| Asserts the NRST pin for external resets. More... | |
| uint8_t | RSTC_GetNrstLevel (void) |
| Return NRST pin level (1 or 0). More... | |
| uint8_t | RSTC_IsUserResetDetected (void) |
| Returns 1 if at least one high-to-low transition of NRST (User Reset) has been detected since the last read of RSTC_RSR. More... | |
| uint8_t | RSTC_IsBusy (void) |
| Return 1 if a software reset command is being performed by the reset controller. More... | |
| uint32_t | RSTC_GetStatus (void) |
| Get the status. More... | |
| void RSTC_ConfigureMode | ( | uint32_t | mr | ) |
Configure the mode of the RSTC peripheral.
The configuration is computed by the lib (RSTC_RMR_*).
| mr | Desired mode configuration. |
| void RSTC_ExtReset | ( | void | ) |
Asserts the NRST pin for external resets.
| uint8_t RSTC_GetNrstLevel | ( | void | ) |
Return NRST pin level (1 or 0).
| uint32_t RSTC_GetStatus | ( | void | ) |
Get the status.
| uint8_t RSTC_IsBusy | ( | void | ) |
Return 1 if a software reset command is being performed by the reset controller.
The reset controller is busy.
| uint8_t RSTC_IsUserResetDetected | ( | void | ) |
Returns 1 if at least one high-to-low transition of NRST (User Reset) has been detected since the last read of RSTC_RSR.
| void RSTC_ProcessorReset | ( | void | ) |
Resets the processor.
| void RSTC_SetExtResetLength | ( | uint8_t | powl | ) |
Setup the external reset length.
The length is asserted during a time of pow(2, powl+1) Slow Clock(32KHz). The duration is between 60us and 2s.
| powl | Power length defined. |
| void RSTC_SetUserResetEnable | ( | uint8_t | enable | ) |
Enable/Disable the detection of a low level on the pin NRST as User Reset.
| enable | 1 to enable & 0 to disable. |
| void RSTC_SetUserResetInterruptEnable | ( | uint8_t | enable | ) |
Enable/Disable the interrupt of a User Reset (USRTS bit in RSTC_RST).
| enable | 1 to enable & 0 to disable. |


This example show you how to connect to your Raspberry Pi 3 using Bluetooth Low Energy.
You can browse the source code for this example at the Evothings GitHub repository
The file index.html contains the HTML markup of the app and the buisness logic is placed in the app.js
The Node.js application that you will run on the Raspberry Pi 3 can be found here.
This example runs in Evothings Viewer on Android or iOS.
Note that this example will run on a properly configured Raspberry Pi 1 or 2 equipped with a supported Bluetooth Low Energy USB dongle.
Detailed instructions on how to get this example up and running are available in this Hackster.io article.
Follow these steps to get started with this example:


Forex CRM
Trader’s Room includes a CRM (Customer Relationship Management System) that allows forex brokers to receive leads to sales and support agents to attend to their needs. Once signed up, traders, IBs, and other types of users interact with brokerage agents: attending to withdrawal requests and technical issues. Our custom logic keeps track of all lead or account history from inside the Trader’s Room and notifies agents in case any action needs to be taken on a certain task.


About Us: Call attention to a current priority
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco.
Learn about what we doA tagline highlights your approach
TLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco
laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum
Example Project 1
Graphic headings can be used a few different ways, depending on what your landing page is for. Highlight your values, specific program areas, or results.
Example Project 2
Keep body text to about 30. They can be shorter, but try to be somewhat balanced across all four. It creates a clean appearance with good spacing.
Example Project 3
For anything you want to highlight here, understand what your users know now, and what activity or impression you want from them after they see it.
Example Project 4
In addition to your goal, find out your users’ goals. What do they want to know or do that supports your mission? Use these headings to show those.
Section heading
laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum
Call to action


5N/6D
After a wonderful view of the Glacier on the way to Ladakh, you will arrive at Kushok Bakula airport in Leh (situated at a height of 3,500 meters), you will be transferred to your Guest House (3-4 kilometers from the airport). During the day, acclimatize yourself with the weather and high pressure of Ladakh, then you will be taken to Shanti Stupa and Sankara and the market. Overnight at the Hotel.
You will rest for the first day as it is crucial for your body to cope with the climb of altitude.
In the morning have breakfast and afterward, we will proceed for the Sham valley tour. The places to visit are the Hall of fame, Spituk Monastery, Magnetic hill, Sangam, confluence Zangskar, and Indus River. Dinner at hotel, overnight stay at hotel in le
Early morning, leave on road to Nubra Valley via Khardongla Pass which is situated at a height of 18360 ft and considered as the highest motorable pass of the world and it is the perfect spot to capture the Mother Nature. In the afternoon, after having your lunch at some restaurant in Nubra Valley and Check in Guest House. Nubra has acquired fame for its sand dunes, the cold desert that surrounds it, Bactrian camels and its breathtaking natural beauty. Bactrian camels are another attraction. Native to the steppes of central Asia, the Bactrian camel has two humps, in contrast to the single-humped camels found in Rajasthan and other parts of India. The Bactrian camels were the main mode of transport when Ladakh was an important stopover on the Ancient trade routes with Central Asia. Stay overnight at Camps/Guest House. Afternoon enjoy the beauty of sand dune and double hump camel..
After breakfast visit Deskit Monastery (Big Buddha), where you can have a magnificent view of Nubra Valley and later drive to pangong via shayok river with amazing landscape, adventure, stop lunch at Durbuk and 1 hr continue drive to pangong lake.Looking at pristine Pangong Lake, also known as Pangong Tso, you could be forgiven for thinking it's anywhere but India. At a literally breathtaking elevation of 14,270 feet (4,350 meters) above sea level, the lake presents a surreal spectacle. You will then visit Shooting Point (3 Idiots movie shoot) and View point (panoramic view of the lake) of the lake for some selfies.Post lunch drive back to Leh.enroute you will visit Thiksey monastery, Kharu, shey Sindhu ghat, Druk Padma, karpo(Rancho School).Dinner and overnight stay in Leh
o
Today the day is free to unwind in the natural enchanting atmosphere of Leh or explore the place further on your own by bike Trip
After breakfast you will check out from the hotel and will be transferred to the Leh Airport.You will with Happy and Life time Memories.


bl-mturk-workers.Rmd
rdf_summary <- mturk_workers %>% group_by(treatment) %>%
summarize(mean_age = mean(age), se_age = sd(age)/sqrt(n()),
mean_female = mean(female), se_female= sd(female)/sqrt(n()),
mean_education = mean(education), se_education = sd(education)/sqrt(n()),
mean_political = mean(political), se_political = sd(political)/sqrt(n()),
n = n())
rdf_totals <- mturk_workers %>%
summarize(mean_age = mean(age), se_age = sd(age)/sqrt(n()),
mean_female = mean(female), se_female= sd(female)/sqrt(n()),
mean_education = mean(education), se_education = sd(education)/sqrt(n()),
mean_political = mean(political), se_political = sd(political)/sqrt(n()),
n = n())
| treatment | mean_age | se_age | mean_female | se_female | mean_education | se_education | mean_political | se_political | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base (nw) | 36.6 | 0.71 | 0.47 | 0.03 | 4.30 | 0.08 | -0.51 | 0.07 | 282 |
| Base (w) | 36.8 | 0.69 | 0.58 | 0.03 | 4.16 | 0.08 | -0.41 | 0.07 | 282 |
| Forced Choice (nw) | 37.0 | 0.68 | 0.51 | 0.03 | 4.26 | 0.08 | -0.44 | 0.07 | 293 |
| Forced Choice (w) | 36.3 | 0.60 | 0.51 | 0.03 | 4.24 | 0.08 | -0.48 | 0.06 | 337 |
| Forced Choice strong | 36.9 | 0.66 | 0.50 | 0.03 | 4.19 | 0.08 | -0.37 | 0.07 | 282 |
| Forced Choice very strong | 36.8 | 0.60 | 0.49 | 0.03 | 4.26 | 0.07 | -0.43 | 0.06 | 377 |
| Nominal Choice (nw) | 36.4 | 0.65 | 0.50 | 0.03 | 4.23 | 0.08 | -0.44 | 0.07 | 294 |
| Nominal Choice (w) | 35.7 | 0.62 | 0.45 | 0.03 | 4.39 | 0.08 | -0.40 | 0.07 | 290 |
| mean_age | se_age | mean_female | se_female | mean_education | se_education | mean_political | se_political | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36.6 | 0.23 | 0.5 | 0.01 | 4.25 | 0.03 | -0.43 | 0.02 | 2437 |
How many non-safe-choice workers?
mturk_workers %>% group_by(treatment) %>%
summarize(mean_safe = mean(safe))
#> # A tibble: 8 x 2
#> treatment mean_safe
#> <chr> <dbl>
#> 1 Base (nw) 0
#> 2 Base (w) 0
#> 3 Forced Choice (nw) 0
#> 4 Forced Choice (w) 0.160
#> 5 Forced Choice strong 0.0213
#> 6 Forced Choice very strong 0.252
#> 7 Nominal Choice (nw) 0
#> 8 Nominal Choice (w) 0
sessionInfo()
#> R version 3.6.2 (2019-12-12)
#> Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
#> Running under: Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS
#>
#> Matrix products: default
#> BLAS: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openblas/libblas.so.3
#> LAPACK: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopenblasp-r0.2.20.so
#>
#> locale:
#> [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 LC_NUMERIC=C
#> [3] LC_TIME=nb_NO.UTF-8 LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8
#> [5] LC_MONETARY=nb_NO.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8
#> [7] LC_PAPER=nb_NO.UTF-8 LC_NAME=C
#> [9] LC_ADDRESS=C LC_TELEPHONE=C
#> [11] LC_MEASUREMENT=nb_NO.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C
#>
#> attached base packages:
#> [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
#>
#> other attached packages:
#> [1] forcats_0.4.0 stringr_1.4.0 dplyr_0.8.1 purrr_0.3.2
#> [5] readr_1.3.1 tidyr_0.8.3 tibble_2.1.3 ggplot2_3.1.1
#> [9] tidyverse_1.2.1 mmbruteluck_0.1.0
#>
#> loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
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#> [5] vctrs_0.1.0 colorspace_1.4-1 generics_0.0.2 htmltools_0.3.6
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#> [33] jsonlite_1.6 fs_1.3.1 hms_0.4.2 digest_0.6.19
#> [37] stringi_1.4.3 grid_3.6.2 rprojroot_1.3-2 cli_1.1.0
#> [41] tools_3.6.2 magrittr_1.5 lazyeval_0.2.2 zeallot_0.1.0
#> [45] crayon_1.3.4 pkgconfig_2.0.2 MASS_7.3-51.4 xml2_1.2.0
#> [49] lubridate_1.7.4 assertthat_0.2.1 rmarkdown_1.18 httr_1.4.0
#> [53] rstudioapi_0.10 R6_2.4.0 nlme_3.1-143 compiler_3.6.2


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Authentication
Access control is an important aspect for the security in IT application landscapes. There are two different aspects to distinguish:
-
Authentication (Who tries to access?)
-
Authorization (Is the one accessing allowed to do what he wants to do?)
This part deals with the recommendations on authentication.
You have the following problem to be solved
In large IT landscapes it is a highly recommended best-practice to centralize your authentication. Implemeting the actual authentication into every application or service is therefore considered as an anti-pattern. Instead we suggest to use a central identity and access management (IAM) solution based on established products (e.g. Keycloak).
Using a central IAM
When using a central IAM, the user is redirected to the identity provider (IdP) when trying to access the application. The IdP returns a login page where the user can log in. After confirming that the user can access the application, the IdP returns an access token that the user can use to access the application. We recommend the use JSON Web Tokens (JWT) within the authentication flow, as this is a widely used method in modern web applications and RESTful services.
Participants integrate with the identity provider using protocols such as OpenId Connect, SAMLv2 or WebAuthn. The original incoming request is forwarded to the actual service and the token is added as a bearer token via HTTP header according to OAuth standard. In the application, the token can be validated according to the user’s roles and groups.
Typically, a gateway is placed in front of the IdP and applications to act as a reverse proxy for the actual service. Incoming traffic goes through the gateway and the gateway is then responsible for authentication through integration with the identity provider. In this way, multiple applications and services can be deployed without implementing integration between the service itself and the IdP. The access token can be validated only on the gateway side or additionally passed to the application for further validation.
Services are implemented stateless and only accept requests with valid JWT from gateway. When one of your services invokes another service it simply passes on the JWT via HTTP header. This way all sub-sequent invocations happen within the context and with the permissions of the initial user.
The gateway should also act as a portal that integrates the UIs of your microservices so that end users do not notice which UI comes from which service, but have the user experience (UX) of a single monolithic UI.
Which protocol to use
We suggest using OIDC as the protocol for integration with the identity provider. It is easy to integrate and works well with mobile and web-based applications. OIDC uses JSON tokens and RESTful APIs to provide the authentication information. Therefore, it is a much more lightweight solution than SAML, which uses an XML and SOAP-based approach.
Values for the customer
-
all services are independent and decoupled from the actual authentication and IAM
-
authentication can be changed without touching any of your services, only changes need to be made to your gateway(s)
-
in large and complex IT landscapes, there may be different requirements for authentication via different channels (e.g. to authenticate internal users via SPNEGO and external users via WebAuthn). In such a case, you can simply set up several variants of your gateway for each channel with different endpoint URLs.
Conventions
We recommend the following conventions:
-
define a short but meaningful unique alphanumeric identifier for each of your services (
app-id
) -
establish a clear URL scheme for accessing your apps, e.g.
https://gateway.company.com/«app-id»/
-
use a cloud infrastructure platform that allows to manage an overlay network so you can configure loadbalancers or even a service-mesh mapping your service entry points to a consistent URL schema such as
https://«app-id»:8443/«app-id»/
-
this way you do not need any configuration or business knowledge inside your gateway as the routing can be implemented fully generic
-
use
app-id.
as a prefix to all permission groups/roles specific to your service to avoid name clashing in your central IAM


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block content %}
If you already have an account, go ahead and log in. If you are new to Student Teacher Project Manager, get started by creating a student account or a teacher account or a teacher assistant account.
Student Teacher Project Manager solves the problem of managing course mini projects and even more. Teachers just need to update the information on the web and students need to do everything online. In this application, users can sign up as a student or a teacher or a reviewer. Teachers can add courses and students can submit projects based on their interests. Reviewer account is for teacher assistants who review the projects submitted by students.
{% endblock %}


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{% extends "users/base.html" %} {% block content %}
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Screen based simulation management page
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@(id: String, list: List[String], view : Boolean = false, demo: Boolean = true) @** Turns the input element with the id provided into a Tag input control - id: id of the element to turn into tag input - list: a list of tags added to be used when we get an error in the form so we don't lose the data - view: only for view purposes if true - demo: if true the flag refers to a demo, if false is a project. It will be used in javascript to redirect to the proper search page *@


Every avid independent filmmaker has Bold about making that Italic interest documentary, or short film to show off their creative prowess. Many have great ideas and want to “wow”theSuperscript scene, or video renters with their big project.

You need to create eye-popping artwork and have your project replicated. Using a reputable full service DVD Replication company like PacificDisc, Inc. to partner with is certainly a helpful option to ensure a professional end result, but to help with your DVD replication project, here are 4 easy steps to follow for good DVD replication results:The world has become so fast paced that people don’t want to stand by reading a page of information, they would much rather look at a presentation and understand the message. It has come to a point
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