Table C-1 lists all tokens that are key words in the SQL standard and in PostgreSQL 9.4beta2. Background information can be found in Section 4.1.1. (For space reasons, only the latest two versions of the SQL standard, and SQL-92 for historical comparison, are included. The differences between those and the other intermediate standard versions are small.)
SQL distinguishes between reserved and non-reserved key words. According to the standard, reserved key words are the only real key words; they are never allowed as identifiers. Non-reserved key words only have a special meaning in particular contexts and can be used as identifiers in other contexts. Most non-reserved key words are actually the names of built-in tables and functions specified by SQL. The concept of non-reserved key words essentially only exists to declare that some predefined meaning is attached to a word in some contexts.
In the PostgreSQL parser life is a bit more complicated. There are several different classes of tokens ranging from those that can never be used as an identifier to those that have absolutely no special status in the parser as compared to an ordinary identifier. (The latter is usually the case for functions specified by SQL.) Even reserved key words are not completely reserved in PostgreSQL, but can be used as column labels (for example, SELECT 55 AS CHECK, even though CHECK is a reserved key word).
In Table C-1 in the column for PostgreSQL we classify as "non-reserved" those key words that are explicitly known to the parser but are allowed as column or table names. Some key words that are otherwise non-reserved cannot be used as function or data type names and are marked accordingly. (Most of these words represent built-in functions or data types with special syntax. The function or type is still available but it cannot be redefined by the user.) Labeled "reserved" are those tokens that are not allowed as column or table names. Some reserved key words are allowable as names for functions or data types; this is also shown in the table. If not so marked, a reserved key word is only allowed as an "AS" column label name.
As a general rule, if you get spurious parser errors for commands that contain any of the listed key words as an identifier you should try to quote the identifier to see if the problem goes away.
It is important to understand before studying Table C-1 that the fact that a key word is not reserved in PostgreSQL does not mean that the feature related to the word is not implemented. Conversely, the presence of a key word does not indicate the existence of a feature.
Table C-1. SQL Key Words
| Key Word | PostgreSQL | SQL:2011 | SQL:2008 | SQL-92 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| ABORT | non-reserved | |||
| ABS | reserved | reserved | ||
| ABSENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| ABSOLUTE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| ACCESS | non-reserved | |||
| ACCORDING | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| ACTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| ADA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| ADD | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| ADMIN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| AFTER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| AGGREGATE | non-reserved | |||
| ALL | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ALLOCATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| ALSO | non-reserved | |||
| ALTER | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ALWAYS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| ANALYSE | reserved | |||
| ANALYZE | reserved | |||
| AND | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ANY | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ARE | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| ARRAY | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| ARRAY_AGG | reserved | reserved | ||
| ARRAY_MAX_CARDINALITY | reserved | |||
| AS | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ASC | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| ASENSITIVE | reserved | reserved | ||
| ASSERTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| ASSIGNMENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| ASYMMETRIC | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| AT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ATOMIC | reserved | reserved | ||
| ATTRIBUTE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| ATTRIBUTES | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| AUTHORIZATION | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| AVG | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| BACKWARD | non-reserved | |||
| BASE64 | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| BEFORE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| BEGIN | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| BEGIN_FRAME | reserved | |||
| BEGIN_PARTITION | reserved | |||
| BERNOULLI | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| BETWEEN | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| BIGINT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | |
| BINARY | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | |
| BIT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | ||
| BIT_LENGTH | reserved | |||
| BLOB | reserved | reserved | ||
| BLOCKED | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| BOM | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| BOOLEAN | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | |
| BOTH | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| BREADTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| BY | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| C | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CACHE | non-reserved | |||
| CALL | reserved | reserved | ||
| CALLED | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| CARDINALITY | reserved | reserved | ||
| CASCADE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| CASCADED | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CASE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CAST | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| CATALOG_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CEIL | reserved | reserved | ||
| CEILING | reserved | reserved | ||
| CHAIN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CHAR | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CHARACTER | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CHARACTERISTICS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CHARACTERS | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| CHARACTER_LENGTH | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CHARACTER_SET_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CHAR_LENGTH | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| CHECK | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CHECKPOINT | non-reserved | |||
| CLASS | non-reserved | |||
| CLASS_ORIGIN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CLOB | reserved | reserved | ||
| CLOSE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CLUSTER | non-reserved | |||
| COALESCE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| COBOL | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| COLLATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| COLLATION | reserved (can be function or type) | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| COLLATION_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| COLLATION_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| COLLATION_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| COLLECT | reserved | reserved | ||
| COLUMN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| COLUMNS | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| COLUMN_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| COMMAND_FUNCTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| COMMAND_FUNCTION_CODE | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| COMMENT | non-reserved | |||
| COMMENTS | non-reserved | |||
| COMMIT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| COMMITTED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
| CONCURRENTLY | reserved (can be function or type) | |||
| CONDITION | reserved | reserved | ||
| CONDITION_NUMBER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CONFIGURATION | non-reserved | |||
| CONNECT | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| CONNECTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| CONNECTION_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CONSTRAINT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CONSTRAINTS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| CONSTRAINT_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CONSTRAINT_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CONSTRUCTOR | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| CONTAINS | reserved | non-reserved | ||
| CONTENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CONTINUE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| CONTROL | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| CONVERSION | non-reserved | |||
| CONVERT | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| COPY | non-reserved | |||
| CORR | reserved | reserved | ||
| CORRESPONDING | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| COST | non-reserved | |||
| COUNT | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| COVAR_POP | reserved | reserved | ||
| COVAR_SAMP | reserved | reserved | ||
| CREATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CROSS | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CSV | non-reserved | |||
| CUBE | reserved | reserved | ||
| CUME_DIST | reserved | reserved | ||
| CURRENT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CURRENT_CATALOG | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| CURRENT_DATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CURRENT_DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_GROUP | reserved | reserved | ||
| CURRENT_PATH | reserved | reserved | ||
| CURRENT_ROLE | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| CURRENT_ROW | reserved | |||
| CURRENT_SCHEMA | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | |
| CURRENT_TIME | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CURRENT_TRANSFORM_GROUP_FOR_TYPE | reserved | reserved | ||
| CURRENT_USER | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CURSOR | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| CURSOR_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| CYCLE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| DATA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
| DATABASE | non-reserved | |||
| DATALINK | reserved | reserved | ||
| DATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| DAY | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DB | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| DEALLOCATE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DEC | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DECIMAL | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DECLARE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DEFAULT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DEFAULTS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| DEFERRABLE | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| DEFERRED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| DEFINED | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| DEFINER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| DEGREE | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| DELETE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DELIMITER | non-reserved | |||
| DELIMITERS | non-reserved | |||
| DENSE_RANK | reserved | reserved | ||
| DEPTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| DEREF | reserved | reserved | ||
| DERIVED | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| DESC | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| DESCRIBE | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| DESCRIPTOR | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| DETERMINISTIC | reserved | reserved | ||
| DIAGNOSTICS | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| DICTIONARY | non-reserved | |||
| DISABLE | non-reserved | |||
| DISCARD | non-reserved | |||
| DISCONNECT | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| DISPATCH | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| DISTINCT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DLNEWCOPY | reserved | reserved | ||
| DLPREVIOUSCOPY | reserved | reserved | ||
| DLURLCOMPLETE | reserved | reserved | ||
| DLURLCOMPLETEONLY | reserved | reserved | ||
| DLURLCOMPLETEWRITE | reserved | reserved | ||
| DLURLPATH | reserved | reserved | ||
| DLURLPATHONLY | reserved | reserved | ||
| DLURLPATHWRITE | reserved | reserved | ||
| DLURLSCHEME | reserved | reserved | ||
| DLURLSERVER | reserved | reserved | ||
| DLVALUE | reserved | reserved | ||
| DO | reserved | |||
| DOCUMENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| DOMAIN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| DOUBLE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DROP | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| DYNAMIC | reserved | reserved | ||
| DYNAMIC_FUNCTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| DYNAMIC_FUNCTION_CODE | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| EACH | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| ELEMENT | reserved | reserved | ||
| ELSE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| EMPTY | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| ENABLE | non-reserved | |||
| ENCODING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| ENCRYPTED | non-reserved | |||
| END | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| END-EXEC | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| END_FRAME | reserved | |||
| END_PARTITION | reserved | |||
| ENFORCED | non-reserved | |||
| ENUM | non-reserved | |||
| EQUALS | reserved | non-reserved | ||
| ESCAPE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| EVENT | non-reserved | |||
| EVERY | reserved | reserved | ||
| EXCEPT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| EXCEPTION | reserved | |||
| EXCLUDE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| EXCLUDING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| EXCLUSIVE | non-reserved | |||
| EXEC | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| EXECUTE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| EXISTS | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| EXP | reserved | reserved | ||
| EXPLAIN | non-reserved | |||
| EXPRESSION | non-reserved | |||
| EXTENSION | non-reserved | |||
| EXTERNAL | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| EXTRACT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| FALSE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| FAMILY | non-reserved | |||
| FETCH | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| FILE | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| FILTER | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| FINAL | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| FIRST | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| FIRST_VALUE | reserved | reserved | ||
| FLAG | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| FLOAT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| FLOOR | reserved | reserved | ||
| FOLLOWING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| FOR | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| FORCE | non-reserved | |||
| FOREIGN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| FORTRAN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| FORWARD | non-reserved | |||
| FOUND | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| FRAME_ROW | reserved | |||
| FREE | reserved | reserved | ||
| FREEZE | reserved (can be function or type) | |||
| FROM | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| FS | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| FULL | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| FUNCTION | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| FUNCTIONS | non-reserved | |||
| FUSION | reserved | reserved | ||
| G | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| GENERAL | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| GENERATED | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| GET | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| GLOBAL | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| GO | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| GOTO | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| GRANT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| GRANTED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| GREATEST | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | |||
| GROUP | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| GROUPING | reserved | reserved | ||
| GROUPS | reserved | |||
| HANDLER | non-reserved | |||
| HAVING | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| HEADER | non-reserved | |||
| HEX | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| HIERARCHY | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| HOLD | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| HOUR | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ID | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| IDENTITY | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| IF | non-reserved | |||
| IGNORE | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| ILIKE | reserved (can be function or type) | |||
| IMMEDIATE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| IMMEDIATELY | non-reserved | |||
| IMMUTABLE | non-reserved | |||
| IMPLEMENTATION | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| IMPLICIT | non-reserved | |||
| IMPORT | reserved | reserved | ||
| IN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INCLUDING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| INCREMENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| INDENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| INDEX | non-reserved | |||
| INDEXES | non-reserved | |||
| INDICATOR | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| INHERIT | non-reserved | |||
| INHERITS | non-reserved | |||
| INITIALLY | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| INLINE | non-reserved | |||
| INNER | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INOUT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | |
| INPUT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| INSENSITIVE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INSERT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INSTANCE | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| INSTANTIABLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| INSTEAD | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| INT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INTEGER | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INTEGRITY | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| INTERSECT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INTERSECTION | reserved | reserved | ||
| INTERVAL | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INTO | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| INVOKER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| IS | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ISNULL | reserved (can be function or type) | |||
| ISOLATION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| JOIN | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| K | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| KEY | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| KEY_MEMBER | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| KEY_TYPE | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| LABEL | non-reserved | |||
| LAG | reserved | reserved | ||
| LANGUAGE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| LARGE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| LAST | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| LAST_VALUE | reserved | reserved | ||
| LATERAL | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| LC_COLLATE | non-reserved | |||
| LC_CTYPE | non-reserved | |||
| LEAD | reserved | reserved | ||
| LEADING | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| LEAKPROOF | non-reserved | |||
| LEAST | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | |||
| LEFT | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| LENGTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| LEVEL | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| LIBRARY | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| LIKE | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| LIKE_REGEX | reserved | reserved | ||
| LIMIT | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| LINK | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| LISTEN | non-reserved | |||
| LN | reserved | reserved | ||
| LOAD | non-reserved | |||
| LOCAL | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| LOCALTIME | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| LOCALTIMESTAMP | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| LOCATION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| LOCATOR | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| LOCK | non-reserved | |||
| LOWER | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| M | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| MAP | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| MAPPING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| MATCH | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| MATCHED | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| MATERIALIZED | non-reserved | |||
| MAX | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| MAXVALUE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| MAX_CARDINALITY | reserved | |||
| MEMBER | reserved | reserved | ||
| MERGE | reserved | reserved | ||
| MESSAGE_LENGTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| MESSAGE_TEXT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| METHOD | reserved | reserved | ||
| MIN | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| MINUTE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| MINVALUE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| MOD | reserved | reserved | ||
| MODE | non-reserved | |||
| MODIFIES | reserved | reserved | ||
| MODULE | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| MONTH | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| MORE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| MOVE | non-reserved | |||
| MULTISET | reserved | reserved | ||
| MUMPS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
| NAMES | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| NAMESPACE | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| NATIONAL | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| NATURAL | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| NCHAR | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| NCLOB | reserved | reserved | ||
| NESTING | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| NEW | reserved | reserved | ||
| NEXT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| NFC | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| NFD | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| NFKC | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| NFKD | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| NIL | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| NO | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| NONE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | |
| NORMALIZE | reserved | reserved | ||
| NORMALIZED | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| NOT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| NOTHING | non-reserved | |||
| NOTIFY | non-reserved | |||
| NOTNULL | reserved (can be function or type) | |||
| NOWAIT | non-reserved | |||
| NTH_VALUE | reserved | reserved | ||
| NTILE | reserved | reserved | ||
| NULL | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| NULLABLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| NULLIF | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| NULLS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| NUMBER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| NUMERIC | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| OBJECT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| OCCURRENCES_REGEX | reserved | reserved | ||
| OCTETS | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| OCTET_LENGTH | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| OF | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| OFF | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| OFFSET | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| OIDS | non-reserved | |||
| OLD | reserved | reserved | ||
| ON | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ONLY | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| OPEN | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| OPERATOR | non-reserved | |||
| OPTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| OPTIONS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| OR | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ORDER | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| ORDERING | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| ORDINALITY | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| OTHERS | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| OUT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | |
| OUTER | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| OUTPUT | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| OVER | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| OVERLAPS | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved |
| OVERLAY | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | |
| OVERRIDING | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| OWNED | non-reserved | |||
| OWNER | non-reserved | |||
| P | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| PAD | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
| PARAMETER | reserved | reserved | ||
| PARAMETER_MODE | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| PARAMETER_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| PARAMETER_ORDINAL_POSITION | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| PARSER | non-reserved | |||
| PARTIAL | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
| PARTITION | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
| PASCAL | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| PASSING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
| PASSTHROUGH | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| PASSWORD | non-reserved | |||
| PATH | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
| PERCENT | reserved | |||
| PERCENTILE_CONT | reserved | reserved | ||
| PERCENTILE_DISC | reserved | reserved | ||
| PERCENT_RANK | reserved | reserved | ||
| PERIOD | reserved | |||
| PERMISSION | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
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Preparation time
1-2 hours
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 4
It’s all in the detail in this delicate Thai surf and turf combo: seek out a speciality type of cucumber for the beef salad, make your own pungent chilli jam and carefully wrap bundles of noodles, prawn, lettuce and mint for fresh spring rolls.
Equipment and Preparation: You will need a standard Australian measuring cup (1 cup = 250ml) for this recipe.
For the chilli jam, sterlise a screw-top jar (with a volume of two Australian cups: 1 cup =250ml), and its metal lid.
Blend the garlic, chillies, ginger and kaffir lime leaves (if using) to a coarse paste in a food processor or pestle and mortar.
Place the blended mixture in a saucepan with the sugar, water, lime zest, rice vinegar, fish sauce and soy sauce.
Stir over a medium heat until the sugar dissolves, then boil for about 10 minutes, or until the volume of liquid has reduced by one-third. It will bubble up like jam.
Spoon the hot chilli jam into the warm sterilised jar until it is filled to within 3mm of the top. Seal with the screw lid. It will keep for months while sealed. Once opened, store the chilli jam in the fridge.
For the prawn and mint finger rolls, place the noodles in a bowl, cover with boiling water and soak for five minutes. Drain the water off and then cut the noodles with kitchen scissors in several places to create shorter lengths.
Very finely shred the lettuce and place in a mixing bowl with sugar, carrot, prawn meat, mint and coriander. Mix through the noodles.
Dampen a clean tea towel and lay it on a clean work surface. Dunk the rice paper rounds into a dish of warm water one at a time for a couple of seconds each (don’t soak them or they will become too sticky), then place them separately on the damp tea towel. Wait for a minute for the rice paper to soften and become flexible. They are ready to work with when they are dimpled and softened. If you try and roll them before this they will split.
Place a small handful of the prawn mixture in the centre of each wrapper. Wet your hands to stop them sticking to the rice paper and then roll the wrapper up tightly around the filling, tucking in the sides as you go. Transfer the rolls to a plate, seam side down and cover with a damp paper towel. If not serving immediately, they will hold their shape in the fridge for 24 hours. Garnish with chopped peanuts if desired.
For the beef salad, rub the steaks with the fish sauce and season them with salt and pepper.
Remove the meat from the pan and set it aside, covered to rest for at least five minutes after cooking. Slice the meat thinly across the grain. If preparing the meat ahead of time, slice the steaks just before serving.
Place the sliced meat and any cooking juices in a mixing bowl with the prepared cucumber, red onion, spring onions, tomatoes, mint and coriander.
Measure out the required amount of chilli jam and mix it with lime juice in a bowl. Pour this over the salad and toss to combine. Serve the beef salad with the rolls and more chilli jam in a dipping pot.


redux-addons
redux for third-party pluggable libraries
There are unique challenges to redux library development. This package aims to orchestrate configuration to both the library creator and consumer and allow the resultant package to be easily strapped into an existing redux store and reducers.
Disclaimer: This library is in early development. It will be changing rapidly and is not ready for production use.
npm i -S redux-addons
Will install addons to:
ES5 => 'redux-middleware/lib'
ES6+ => 'redux-middleware/src/lib'
Usage
my-library/actions.js
import { configureAction, configureDispatcherAction, actionDefinition } from 'redux-addons/actions'
/** Creates an action that starts idle monitor when dispatched */
export const createStartDispatcher = context => dispatcher => configureDispatcherAction(context)(dispatcher)(dispatcher => {
const { myDispatcher } = dispatcher
myDispatcher.execute()
})
redux-addons/actions.js
/**
* Configures a Flux Standard Action creator injected with dispatch, getState and the libraries context.
* @example <caption>Exports a Flux Standard Action creator that takes a handler injected with dispatch, getState, and the libraries context.
* export const createSomeUserAction = configureDispatcherAction((dispatch, getState, context) => dispatcher.action.execute('create-some-user-action'))
* @param {function} handler: (dispatch, getState, context) => { ... }
*/
export const configureAction = handler => context => (dispatch, getState) => handler(dispatch, getState, context)
/**
* Configures a Flux Standard Action creator injected with the libraries dispatcher and context.
* @example <caption>Exports a Flux Standard Action creator that takes a handler injected with the libraries dispatcher and context.
* export const createSomeUserAction = configureDispatcherAction((dispatcher, context) => dispatcher.action.execute('create-some-user-action'))
* @param {function} handler: (context, dispatcher) => { ... }
*/
//export const configureDispatcherAction = (handler, dispatcher) => context => (dispatch, getState) => handler(dispatcher)
export const configureDispatcherAction = context => dispatcher => handler => (dispatch, getState) => handler(dispatcher(dispatch, getState), context)
/** Allows the user of lib to define custom redux actions that will be injected with libraries context when action is dispatched */
export const actionDefinition = (actionName, actionContext) => ([ actionName, actionContext ])


HTML Graphics Tutorial
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PLANET SICK-BOY: http://www.sick-boy.com
Holy crap! Holy Smoke is a holy mess! Writer/director Jane Campion still seems unable to return to the form that made her an Oscar winner in 1993. Since The Piano, Campion has cranked out the abysmally drab The Portrait of a Lady and now Holy Smoke, which is definitely not a step in the right direction by any stretch of the imagination.
The opening credits begin promisingly enough, using slow-motion shots of India placed over a rockin' Neil Diamond track. Once the story kicks off, we learn that an Australian girl named Ruth (Kate Winslet, Hideous Kinky) went to Delhi for vacation and never came home, apparently choosing to live her life with the followers of some guy with Baba. Naturally, her suburban Sydney family is distraught, and they try to lure Ruth home so she can be deprogrammed by a `cult exiter' from Los Angeles named PJ Waters (Harvey Keitel, Three Seasons).
The first step of the plan is for Ruth's asthmatic mother (Julie Hamilton) to travel to Delhi to tell her that her father (Tim Robertson) has suffered a serious stroke, which is just a lie to get her home. While this is supposed to make Ruth fly back with her mum, she instead shrugs it off and tries to get her mother to attend one of Baba's wacky ceremonies. Long story short, Ruth finally agrees to come home to see her allegedly ailing father.
Once home, the family locks Ruth and PJ up in a second home in the middle of the Aussie outback. PJ explains that his technique generally takes three days and that he has saved 189 souls during his career, with a whopping 97 percent success rate. Ruth is still obviously reluctant, and after this forty-minute setup is complete, Smoke concentrates its focus on its two acting leads. This is when the film goes downhill – fast.
You can guess what happens next. Ruth hates him as he begins to make headway in his deprogramming, but then uses her incredible rack to turn the tables on PJ. Before you know it, they're going at it like a couple of horny teenagers. Heck, if you locked me up in a house with a mentally unstable Kate Winslet for three days, even I could get lucky. Well, maybe four or five days.
Aside from being predictable on just about every level, Smoke seems to go out of its way to be disturbing. Ruth and PJ hit it off sexually when she pisses all over herself and their crazy relationship ends when he dons a red dress and lipstick. At times, you will wonder if Campion, who adapted the script with her sister Anna, intended the film to be funny or dramatic. It's neither, so I guess her intentions really don't matter. The film is brutally uneven, but not without visual flare.
Winslet makes the best of the crappy script, acting crazy enough to be believable. But the craziest thing about Winslet is her choice of post-Titanic films. First, she ran off to Marrakech in Hideous Kinky and now India in Smoke. Get over yourself – two lousy art films are enough of a penance to make up for starring in the biggest blockbuster of all-time. The good news is that her `area' is kept a little tidier that it was in Jude.
And just what does Campion have over Keitel where she can continue to blackmail him into taking risky roles in her films? In The Piano, he waived his tiny wiener at the camera, and here he's in a drag for the last third of the film. Whatever it is, I hope the debt has been paid off. I can't bear to see him embarrass himself again.
1:54 - R for tons of nudity, strong sexuality and a litany of adult language
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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#1. Only Toby
Definitely my favorite quote from the Officepic.twitter.com/DKLnSDuWAAc3TlB
— The Office (@TheOfficePosts) September 20, 2017
These are some of my favorite tweets from The Office. I'm stoked to hear that it is going to come back!
This show had a lot of great characters and was written to relate to a lot of folks
Definitely my favorite quote from the Officepic.twitter.com/DKLnSDuWAAc3TlB
— The Office (@TheOfficePosts) September 20, 2017
F.R.I.E.N.D.Spic.twitter.com/DKGdqRAXkAAM5-u
— The Office (@TheOfficePosts) September 19, 2017
This should be an emojipic.twitter.com/DJpkigHVYAAFkvy
— The Office (@TheOfficePosts) September 13, 2017
— The Office (@TheOfficePosts) September 12, 2017
Gryffindor!!pic.twitter.com/DJeYk32VAAAOK83
— The Office (@TheOfficePosts) September 11, 2017
— The Office (@TheOfficePosts) September 2, 2017


viewshed concept shown in profile
viewshed map computed on digital elevation model
Dorothea Dix park, Raleigh, NC, 308 acres
Airborne LiDAR (North Carolina), Acquired Jan 11, 2015 (leaf-off)
0.5m Digital surface model (DSM)
0.5m Digital surface model (DSM)
Real-world situation
Representation of trees in DSM
Evergreen
Evergreen + dense understory
Deciduous stands
DSM
Landform analysis (Geomorphon)
Extracted tree peaks
DSM after trunck replacement
Viewscape before obstruction modeling
Viewscape after obstruction modeling
Panoramic taken from viewscape point
Trees derived from lidar points
Ground cover derived from supervised classification
Roads and buildings derived from official vector data
| Viewscape metric | references |
|---|---|
| Configuration metrics | |
| Relief | Tveit et al.(2009), Dramstad et al.(2006) |
| Visible Horizontal surface | Tveit et al.(2009), Stamps(2005) |
| Viewdepth variation | Sahraoui(2016) |
| Extent (viewshed size) | Tveit et al.(2009), Dramstad et al.(2006) |
| Shannon diversity index (SDI) | Sahraoui(2016), Sang(2008), Ode et al.(2008) |
| Mean Shape Index (MSI) | Stamps(2005), Sahraoui(2016) |
| Edge density (ED) | Sang(2008), Ode et al.(2008), Fry et al.(2012) |
| Number of patches (Nump) | Sang(2008), Ode et al.(2008), Fry et al.(2012) |
| Depth | Ode et al.(2008), Fry et al.(2012), Tveit et al.(2009) |
| Composition metrics | |
| % Visible landcover | Ode et al.(2008), Sahraoui(2016) |
Herbacous 0 % Mixed forest 12 % Evergreen forest 0 % Deciduous forest 0 % Grass land 17 % Paved roads 48 % Buildings 25%
Herbacous 0 % Mixed forest 0 % Evergreen forest 0 % Deciduous forest 18 % Grass land 38 % Paved roads 27 % Buildings 17 %
Herbacous 0 % Mixed forest 5 % Evergreen forest 4 % Deciduous forest 38 % Grass land 32 % Paved roads 14 % Buildings 5 %
Herbacous 65 % Mixed forest 12 % Evergreen forest 8 % Deciduous forest 15 % Grass land 0 % Paved roads 0 % Buildings 0 %
| Extent | 185000 m2 | 50710 | 1072 |
| Relief | 7.12 m | 4.76 | 2.11 |
| Vdepth | 17.3 | 29.90 | 5.29 |
| SDI | 1.11 | 1.518 | 1.449 |
| MSI | 39.1 | 63.48 | 19.7 |
| Nump | 3700 | 4168 | 642 |
| Depth | 538 m | 1293 | 305 |
Image aquisition Stiching and editing Cube mapping and wrapping
| item | question |
|---|---|
| Perceived Visual access | How well can you see all parts of this setting without having your view blocked or interfered with? |
| Perceived Complexity | I perceive this environments as . . . Simple=0, Complex=10 |
| Perceived Naturalness | I perceive this environment as … Not natural = 0 , Natural =10 |
| Aesthetic Preference | I like this environment |
| Response variable | R2 adjusted | Significant independent variable |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived Visual access | 0.64 | Extent ↑***, Depth↑**, Relief↓***, Vdepth var↓***, Building↓***, Paved↑** , Deciduous↑**, Building↓*** , Nump↓*** |
| Perceived Complexity | 0.42 | SDI *** ↑, Relief **↑, Depth** ↓, ED***↑, Nump***↑, Building**↑ |
| Perceived Naturalness | 0.62 | Relief ↑***, Deciduous ↑**, Mixed↑***, herbaceous↑***, Building↓***, Nump↑** |
| Aesthetic Preference | 0.54 | Relief ↑***, Extent ↑**, Depth↑***, SDI↑***, herbaceous↓***, Deciduous↑** Buildings↓** Nump↓** |
Generalized linear models for four response variables. Best model fit was determined by step-wise regression.
↑ : Positive association
↓ : Nagative association
*p<0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001
Variables: Vdepth_var = viewdepth variation, Nump = patch number, ED = edge density, MSI= mean shape index,
SDI= shannon diversity index.


Stock images acquired from Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/license.
This is a brief overview of the technology you will need to have in order to use the JAM-X game and review the module material.
This game is designed to be easily accessible for young children and teachers, therefore it is set up as a website and coded to be responsive on computers, tablets, and mobile devices. The internet is required in order to update scores and students’ progress in the games database.
Another note to mention is that audio must be enabled in order for the student to hear the words being read to them from the module.
Students must be able to use a computer, tablet, or mobile phone or have a caretaker aid them in that process. They will also most likely need headphones or a quiet place, for the auditory portion of the game.
Login is required for each student in order for their process to be saved and associated with this specific user. Students progress that is recorded will be:
Teachers are expected to use either a computer, tablet, or mobile in order to log in and view student progress and scores.
Teachers will be able to see the following about the student:
Teachers will also be able to do the following with the game:
Note: Teacher admin abilities such as logins and updates are not yet implemented.
JAM-X is hosted as a static site on the GitHub platform currently but eventually be on the AWS platform in order to use the cloud and enable the use of the backend and the database.
It was built using Bootstrap and Javascript for the frontend technologies however moving forward we would switch to React, Ruby on Rails, and PostgreSQL as our full-stack.
The game is fairly straightforward to use as a student as well as an admin teacher, however, if there are issues, you are more than welcome to reach out to us via email at thejamxgame(at)gmail(dot)com or send us feedback in our form.
Stock images acquired from Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/license.
Gamification is an educational tool that converts reading from being overwhelming to a fun learning experience for students with dyslexia. The JAM-X game will be focusing on integrating the learning of the Métis history and terminology into the story plots while also offering opportunities for students to reflect on their own experiences.
JAM-X provides the opportunity to make collaborative learning fun by sharing the experiences of gaming. Students will have the opportunity to engage with their peers while playing the game. As peers, they can overcome any challenges together; therefore, building a collaborative environment while improving their reading skills.
By integrating the achievement system, students will be motivated to learn. They will be intrinsically motivated to take on tasks within JAM-X to improve their reading skills and feel a sense of accomplishment. As they accomplish a module, they are awarded a medal, therefore converting the learning environment from positive to negative. Gamification strives, at its core, to increase motivation to learn.
Teachers can engage with students by playing the game, demonstrating that they are active participants in their learning process. Also, the teacher can identify when a student is struggling because the administrative side records the student’s progress. Therefore, the teacher will know when scaffolding is needed with a particular student and implement one-on-one sessions. Student-teacher engagement is essential for students with learning disabilities; they need reassurance that they are making progress. By gaming, teachers will provide positive reinforcement and quickly identify learning challenges.


The finderquery package provides utilities for building Finder queries in a simple and intuitive way. It also provides an API that uses these utilities as well as code for a web application that provides an interface for building a query and downloading documents.
Note that this package is not of general use to the public. It is built to work against the Finder system. It is only made public to make it easier to share, as there is nothing proprietary stored in this repository.
You can install the package from Github with:
# install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("hafen/finderquery")
See the full “usage” documentation for many more examples as well as details on how everything works.
library(finderquery)
# specify Finder location
con <- finder_connect(Sys.getenv("FINDER_IP"))
# query all documents in German that have category "CoronavirusInfection"
# that were published in the last two days, sorted by publication date
res <- fq_query_fetch(con) %>%
fq_filter_language("de") %>%
fq_filter_category("CoronavirusInfection") %>%
fq_filter_pubdate(from = as.Date(Sys.time()) - 2) %>%
fq_run()
# count documents by top 10 categories over the last 2 days
res <- fq_query_facet(con) %>%
fq_filter_pubdate(from = as.Date(Sys.time()) - 2) %>%
fq_facet_by("category", limit = 10) %>%
fq_run()
# count documents daily for all "CoronavirusInfection" articles over
# the last 20 days, hourly
res <- fq_query_facet(con) %>%
fq_filter_category("coronavirusinfection") %>%
fq_facet_date_range(
start = as.Date(Sys.time()) - 20,
end = as.Date(Sys.time()),
gap = fq_range_gap(1, "HOUR")
) %>%
fq_run()


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Iconic photographer Terry O'Neill dies aged 81 after battle with prostate cancer
Terry O'Neill, who photographed legendary performers like the Beatles and The Rolling Stones, died at his home this morning
by Irishmirror.ieTerry O'Neill has died today at the age of 81.
The legendary photographer, who rose to fame with his work with the Beatles and The Rolling Stones, died at home following a long illness.
He had been battling prostate cancer and was last seen in October at Buckingham Palace receiving his CBE for services to photography by Prince William, the Duke of Cambridge.
A spokeswoman for Iconic Images told Mirror Online: "It is with a heavy heart that Iconic Images announces the passing of Terence 'Terry' O'Neill, CBE.
"Terry was a class act, quick-witted and filled with charm. Anyone who was lucky enough to know or work with him can attest to his generosity and modesty.
"As one of the most iconic photographers of the last 60 years, his legendary pictures will forever remain imprinted in our memories as well as in our hearts and minds."
Terry himself spoke of pride in his decades of photography, revealing how a lucky break while working for British Overseas Airways Corporation got him to fame.
"Part of my work was to take photographs of people arriving and departing at the terminals. I happened upon a very well-dressed bowler-hatted man, taking a quick nap in the departures area, and he was surrounded by African chieftains, fully clad in their regalia.
"Soon after, I was approached by an editor who told me that they wanted to show the photo to his paper. The man napping turned out to be then Home Secretary Rab Butler. The paper ran my photo and I was off and running. I was offered a job at the Daily Sketch where I worked for several years before going out on my own.
"I started at the top and never looked back."
Terry was full of praise for Kate Middleton, the Duchess of Cambridge, who is known for her keen love of photography.
"She's a very good photographer," he told media at Buckingham Palace last month.
"She will keep it in the family"
He also said receiving the honour was the highlight of his life, adding: "It heightened the whole thing. It surpasses anything I've had happen to me in my life."


Graduated with a degree in Computer Engineering from Rey Juan Carlos University, where I have obtained the capacity and the appropriate knowledge to make them compatible in a field-oriented to technology and computer science.
I am an agile, outgoing, ambitious person, eager to learn and improve. I am living in Malta and I am looking for beginning my professional career, learning new things, and improving my skills.
View ResumeFor my final proyect of my degree, I decided to develope a AI skill, I chose Alexa. I began my proyect withouth previous knowledges about Alexa skills and NodeJs but I learnt throught Udemy courses and Alexa Documentation how I could develope my own skill
That website was my first experience with the web world. It was developed with Java Spring I learned how commits work, the structure that a website needs to work, interaction with a database and first contact with the front-end (HTML5 and CSS) and back-end.
UNIferia is the first virtual fair of undergraduate and master's degree studies, which brings together the most important university offerings in Spain. I coordinated the offer of my university and gave support to the different professors who participated in the project.
It will be a pleasure to talk to you.
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Does it do something entirely novel, or at least take a fresh approach to an old problem?
Is the hack usable in its current state? Is the user experience smooth? Does everything appear to work? Is it well designed?
Is the hack practical? Is it something people would actually use? Does it fulfill a real need people have?
How well was the project presented? Did it make the hack more compelling? Did it give a good idea of its purpose?


Last modified on August 15, 2023 11:01:37 Eastern Daylight Time
Correlation
The correlation coefficient, denoted by \(r\), measures the direction and strength of the linear relationship between two numerical variables. Is is given by the equation
\[\begin{equation}
\label{eq-cor}
r = \frac{1}{(n-1)}\sum_{i=1}^n\left(\frac{x_i - \bar{x}}{s_x}\right)\left(\frac{y_i - \bar{y}}{s_y}\right)
\end{equation}\]
Following are the high school GPAs and the college GPAs at the end of the freshman year for ten different students from the Gpa data set of the BSDA package.
hsgpa
collgpa
2.7
2.2
3.1
2.8
2.1
2.4
3.2
3.8
2.4
1.9
3.4
3.5
2.6
3.1
2.0
1.4
3.1
3.4
2.5
2.5
Create a scatterplot and then comment on the relationship between the two variables.
R Code
library(tidyverse)library(BSDA)ggplot(data = Gpa, aes(x = hsgpa, y = collgpa)) +labs(x ="High School GPA", y ="College GPA") +geom_point() +theme_bw()
The college GPA is the response variable and is labeled on the vertical axis. The scatterplot in Figure 1 shows that the college GPA increases as the high school GPA increases. In fact, the the dots appear to cluster along a straight line. The correlation coefficient is \(r = 0.844\), which indicates that a straight line is a reasonable relationship between the two variables.
Compute the correlation coefficient using the equation presented earlier.
where \(b_0\) is the \(y\)-intercept and \(b_1\) is the slope of the line. From the equation of the line that best fits the data,
\[\hat{y} = b_0 + b_1x\]
we can compute a predicted \(y\) for each value of \(x\) and then measure the error of the prediction. The error of the prediction, \(e_i\) (also called the residual) is the difference in the actual \(y_i\) and the predicted \(\hat{y}_i\). That is, the residual associated with the data point \((x_i, y_i)\) is


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To use the runtime in your project, you could access the SAPUI5 core here:
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//= ./html/header.html
//= ./html/tendention.html //= ./html/directions.html //= ./html/how.html //= ./html/structure.html


So a couple of days ago Avinash mentioned that he had scraped the 12th standard board results from the CBSE website and it seemed like something I would be interested in doing as well. I remembered Debarghya Das’s excellent post from a couple of years ago about ICSE results and how they seemed very peculiar. Not having seen anyone do something similar for CBSE my curiosity was piqued.
###Initial impressions of the website The results page here hadn’t changed at all since 2009 when I checked my class 12 results. There’s of course absolutely no authentication. Having been told about the roll number ranges by Avinash, I tried a couple of inputs to check what the parameters of the post request are. There is also a roll number validator in the Javascript of that page so its not very difficult to decipher what all the valid roll numbers are.
There are 2 parameters of the post request:
-
regno (which is the roll number you give as input)
-
B1 (which I presume specifies the button name and is always equal to “Submit”)
Trying a simple post request with curl without setting any of the headers failed with the site reporting “Access denied, pl. click here to visit the site”. To avoid that I tried doing the same by copying the entire post request using Chrome DevTools. And of course it worked that way. These were the headers used:
Origin: http://cbseresults.nic.in
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2490.80 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Referer: http://cbseresults.nic.in/class12/cbse122015_all.htm
Connection: keep-alive
DNT: 1
Presumably, they were checking for the presence of the Referer header but I didn’t spend time trying to find that out.
###Tools for the job Python was of course the language to be used. I decided against using Scrapy. Instead I decided to go with asyncio, BeautifulSoup4 and roll my own scraper. I’ve been wanting to take a look at asyncio for some time now and haven’t had the opportunity to use it on anything. I glanced through the post here by Guido Van Rossum before proceeding (great post if any one wants to get into web scraping with Python).


This CIX Forums script will search through the messages in a CIX forum topic for the text that you specify. A list of the message numbers that have text that matches your search criteria will be downloaded to your computer. You will be asked to choose the forum and topic that you wish to search from a list that resembles that shown in the In Basket. You will also be asked to specify the text that you wish to search for.


| Leroy Valle-Bermudez<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(415)845-3077 San Francisco,CA |
|---|
I am a Graduate Dev Mission Student and a previous MissionBit Volunteer and became a temporary Part-Time employer. I am creative, passionate, punctual and a good team player.
I am seeking an opportunity to work in the Sony Interactive Entertainment or Computer IT Industry.
My experience in MS Office, Basic understand of Coding (HTML, CSS, C++, Terminal, Git ), Troubleshooting are just some of the skills I’ve acquired.
I take great pride in my work and will always give my best at everything, these are some of the qualities that make me a good candidate for this opportunity.
| Skills | Qualifications |
|---|---|
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| Education | Experience |
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A function is fantastic structure for module.
Anything inside the function will have access to variables etc. Even when the function is done, that is, no longer executing.This is because of closure.
We still have access to the variables and the functions - because of closure. Those two concepts make the structure of a function perfect for setting up a module - which is a set of self contained code.
Many times when module pattern is used in JavaScript. It is used as a singleton. It is used only once.


HyunA reveals her daily makeup routine for latest episode of 'HyunA-ing' vlog
by danisurstHyunA has released the sixth episode of her 'HyunA-ing' YouTube vlog!
In the episode, which was uploaded on November 3 KST, the idol gives her subscribers an 'everyday makeup' look beauty tutorial. The video begins with HyunA disclaiming that while she is a beauty ambassador for Yves St. Laurent, she does not actually wear that much makeup if she doesn't have to, estimating that she usually 'has to' about 360 out of 365 days of the year.
The video ends with a preview for Episode 7, which will be centered around preparations for her "Flower Shower" comeback music video shoot.
Check out HyunA's makeup tutorial above!


Day one began with a small demonstration from a group protesting GitHub's contract with the US Immigration and Asshat Service (ICE). Later, in the Q&A, we took the opportunity to ask CEO Nat Friedman about the recent controversy and he told us: "We believe Github's place is to be agnostic on all matters. We shouldn't be deciding who is allowed a place on a platform that's for everyone. We may not always agree with the policies, but it's not our place to intervene."
It's worth pointing out that, by way of illustrating the point, GitHub has donated more than double the value of the contract to refugee and migrant charities.
Now that's sorted, let's run through some of the announcements.
"2019 is the year of the dark mode," quipped Dana Lawson, VP of Engineering, to general mirth. And it's true. But to have a dark mode, you have to have an app, and that's one of the biggest announcements of the day - GitHub is coming to mobiles. Android and iOS versions will join the desktop app announced earlier in the year. The iOS Beta is already available, with the Android version imminent. Both should be released as stable versions in early 2020. And just to be clear - there's a dark mode.
The other big reveal on day one was the launch of a series of partnerships to form the GitHub Archive Programme - to preserve all those lovely lines of code for the ages. As well as deals with Internet Archive to start snapshotting GitHub using the mighty Wayback Machine, and a second ‘warm' archive at the Bodleian Library, Oxford University, a far grander scheme is afoot to preserve GitHub for 1000 years.
On 2 February, all active repositories on will be archived and transferred to a vault 250m below the permafrost of an Arctic glacier. You'd think this was one of our little japes, or at least theirs, but nope - this is the real deal.
As of yet, no decision has been taken over how often the vault should get updated - it's not like Nat can pop his slippers on and do it when he takes the bins out. But rest assured that, if in 1,000 years time, the super-intelligent monkey dogs discover the vault, they'll have all the open-source knowledge of the 21st century, and instructions on what to do with it, based on a variety of different assumptions - whether there's electricity, whether the internet still exists, whether monkey dogs can read - that sort of thing.
For users, there was a bumper crop of new features including a limited beta of a new push notification system to replace email messages, better code navigation, improved search (again, in beta), automated code review assignments, scheduled review reminders, a feature preview feature and the latest version of GitHub Enterprise Server - version 2.19.
One of the driving forces behind the mobile app (there's a dark mode) GitHub Actions and GitHub Packages are now fully available, giving a combination of automation, macros, and community designed bite-sized code bombs will make a lot of the repetitive bits of the process that would have previously been quite arduous, a matter of a few clicks.
Finally, the GitHub Sponsors feature - a kind of Patreon for programming - now lets you sponsor a coding collective as one, rather than individual repository owners.
Believe it or not, this year's GitHub Universe had so many announcements that the opening keynote continued into day two, with a series of announcements on security.
The most notable of these is the launch of GitHub Security Lab, with according to Grey Baker, director of product management, is intended to become 'THE (capitals, underlined) database of vulnerabilities for the open-source community'. It will be offered free of charge to anyone who wants to use it, both to browse and to incorporate into projects via an API.
The data is compiled from all the reports made by GitHub users and companies taking part in the scheme which are then assessed and assigned CVE numbers. This is done through the use of a query in Github's new analysis engine, CodeQL, also released today.
At launch, 14 companies have confirmed that they will be contributing to, and working with the database. They are Microsoft, Google, Intel, Mozilla, Oracle, Uber, VMWare, LinkedIn, JP Morgan, NCC Group, IOActive, F5, Trail of Bits, and Hacker One.
From within, there's also great news for getting vulnerabilities mitigated sooner - GitHub can now send repositories a warning that a dependency has a flaw, and once it is fixed, automatically receive the patched version.
Finally, Token Scanning is designed to remove a problem that we've seen manifest in pretty big bits of code over the years - leftover authorisation keys. GitHub has developed a tool that can spot and strip anything that belongs to the coder, but was about to be shared with the world.
The sheer scale of this year's GitHub Universe wasn't just limited to the announcements. Despite being in the same venue, there were more people, more vendors showing off their wares, and most importantly, lots and lots of Octocats. And a dark mode. Did we mention the dark mode? μ
*yes - we spotted it too. not intentional, honestly.
Further reading
GitHub's user survey reveals massive growth in open source
- 07 Nov 2019
GitHub defends its contract with ICE in leaked employee memo
- 01 Nov 2019
Leaked email confirms GitHub is continuing its contract with ICE
- 10 Oct 2019
GitHub buys Semmle to add flaw-spotting code analysis into its repositories
- 19 Sep 2019