class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide .title[ # Who Benefits from Political Connections in Brazilian Municipalities ] .author[ ### Pedro Forquesato
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>] .institute[ ### Universidade de São Paulo (FEA/USP)
http://www.pedroforquesato.com
] .date[ ### SBE Meeting 2022
December 9th, 2022 ] --- class: inverse, middle, center # Introduction --- class: middle ## Introduction Improving bureaucratic quality in developing countries is essential for better provision of public goods and for economic development Recent evidence has shown that political connections frequently determine entry into the government service, especially at the local level (patronage) Patronage in public hiring is when politicians use their appointment power of public workers to reward supporters or friends --- class: middle ## Motivation The use of public resources to reward political supporters might reduce efficiency and welfare: it distorts public good provision and leads to rent-seeking However, this does not have to be so: if workers hired for their political connection are nonetheless well educated and competent, then even if ubiquitous, patronage will not be very harmful to state capacity Understanding what motivates it and who is selected to patronage appointments then is important to improve bureaucratic efficiency --- class: middle ## This paper We compare in close elections the municipal employment outcomes of affiliates to the party that narrowly won with affiliates to the party that narrowly lost (RDD) Proceeding from that, we train a machine learning causal forest model to estimate heterogeneity in the conditional average treatment effects (CATE), that is, the effect of patronage conditional on worker characteristics Better understanding *who* benefits the most from patronage hopefully will allow us to better understand what is behind it and its effects --- class: middle ## Outline of results Being politically connected to the elected mayor has strong *causal* effect on the probability of being employed in municipal sector, and on public sector wages, especially in management and white collar occupations This effect is stronger for more highly educated employees, suggesting positive selection of political connections to the public sector, although estimated ability is lower The effect is also stronger for the newly affiliated, indicating that these hires are to reward political supporters (patronage), and that connection to the mayor is more important than to the party --- class: middle ## Literature review Our paper relates to a growing literature on determinants of public bureaucracy efficiency, especially in developing countries: Akhtari et al (2022), Dahis, Schiavon, & Scot (2020), Moreira & Perez (2022), Weaver (2021), Xu (2018) Particularly to the causal estimation of the effect of being a supporter of elected mayors on public employment in municipalities, with a focus on Brazil: Barbosa and Ferreira (2019), Brassiolo et al. (2020), Brollo et al. (2017), Colonnelli et al. (2020) This paper also relates to a recent literature on machine learning tools for causal analysis, particularly estimating heterogeneity in treatment effects: Athey & Wager (2019), Chernozhukov, Demirer, Duflo, & Fernandez-Val (2018), Hsu & Shen, (2019), Nie & Wager (2021), Wager & Athey (2018) --- class: inverse, middle, center # Data and institutional background --- class: middle ## Brazilian municipalities Brazil is a federation democracy with 5,570 municipalities — we restrict to municipalities under 200,000 voters, which have a plurality system Most public goods, especially education and health care, are provided by municipalities — they account for almost 60% of public employment and 6.25% of Brazilian working force Brazil has a sizable public wage premium, but mostly federal and (to a lesser degree) state employees: the average wage for municipality workers (2017) was US$600/month --- class: middle ## Party affiliation and political parties Our measure of political support is party affiliation: it gives us enough observations to train our causal forest 11 million party affiliates in Brazil (2008), over 6% of the entire electorate: PT, PSDB, and PMDB, had then almost 1.5 million affiliates each New party affiliations are heavily concentrated on months exactly one year before the election — presumably, this is due to mayoral candidates bringing supporters to influence intra-party democracy --- class: middle ## Data Municipality employment from RAIS (Relação Anual de Informações Sociais), administrative data gathered by the Brazilian federal government, which registers the universe of formal (public and private) labor relations in Brazil Unfortunately, no information on informal employment relations, but contains the entirety of public employees (our focus) Merge this information with open access party affiliation records by name and electoral results for 2004-16 municipal elections --- class: middle  --- class: middle  --- class: inverse, middle, center # Empirical strategy --- class: middle ## Empirical strategy I investigate the effect of being affiliated to the party of the winning candidate (in close elections), `\(W_i\)`, in five outcomes related to public sector employment `\(Y_i\)`, and how this differ for affiliates with different covariates/features `\(X_i\)`: 1. being employed in the the municipal public sector; 2. inverse hyperbolic sine of wages; 3. being employed in a blue collar municipal occupation; 4. being employed in a white collar municipal occupation; and 5. being employed in a managerial municipal occupation. --- class: middle ## Empirical strategy Consider an independent and identically distributed sample of size `\(n\)`, that contains pre-treatment covariates (features) `\(X_i\)` of dimension `\(d\)`, a real-valued response `\(Y_i\)` and a treatment `\(W_i \in \{0, 1\}\)` I employ the potential outcomes framework, and we are interested in estimating conditional average treatment effects (CATE) of the form `$$\tau (x) \equiv \mathbb{E} [ Y_i (1) − Y_i (0) | X_i = x],$$` where `\(Y_i(1)\)` is the outcome `\(i\)` gets when treated and `\(Y_i(0)\)` when untreated --- class: middle ## Identification assumption I adopt the **local randomization framework**: in close elections, treatment assignment (election victory) is effectively random This assumption implies unconfoundedness: `\(\{ Y_i (1), Y_i (0) \} \perp W_i | X_i\)`, an assumption sufficient for identification of conditional average treatment effects in our environment Our identification assumption is that electoral performance varies continuously with non-observable attributes, so in a sufficiently close interval from zero margin of victory, our treatment `\(W_i\)` is as good as random --- class: middle ## Random forest A basic machine learning method is decision trees, where the space of features is divided by binary partitioning and we predict the regression with the mean of the dependent variable within each rectangle The binary partition is chosen with a *greedy algorithm* that chooses the splitting variable and splitting point in order to minimize sum of squared of errors Random forests are a ensemble learning method that aggregates the result of many random decision trees trained on random subsets of the original data with a random subsample of features --- class: middle ## Causal forest A recent literature has employed random forests suitably modified to estimate causal effects, both average treatment effects (ATE) and conditional average treatment effects (CATE) - we use the package `grf` in `R` (Athey et al, 2019) The idea is that as in a binary decision tree, we divide the feature space in rectangles, and compute the ATE within each leaf Athey and Imbens (2016) introduced the idea of *honest partitioning*, where we use half the sample to define the leaves and another subsample to estimate CATE using those leaves --- class: middle ## Causal forest I nonparametrically estimate conditional expectations `\(Y (x) = \mathbb{E} [ Y_i | X_i = x]\)` and `\(W (x) = \mathbb{E} [ W_i | X_i = x]\)` using a boosting regression forest Then I center the outcome and treatment by the keep-one-out expectations `\(\tilde{W}_i = W_i − W^{(−1)}(x)\)` and `\(\tilde{Y}_i = Y_i − Y^{(−1)}(x)\)` I then compute random forest weights for each value of `\(x\)` and use them to do a projection of locally weighted outcomes on locally weighted treatment values --- class: middle  Estimated propensity scores `\(W(x)\)` vary little from 50% in all thresholds, suggesting that near the election cut-off assignment is as good as random --- class: middle  --- class: inverse, middle, center # Results --- class: middle ## Average treatment effect Being politically connected to the mayor’s party causally increases municipal employment by 8.3 p.p., a 39.5% increase over the baseline — but with large variations While for managerial positions the effect is a 256% increase over the 1.6% baseline, for white collar occupations 35.4% and for blue collar just 9.3% Managerial public workers account for only 14.6% of municipal employees in our sample, they respond for 49% of the effect of political connections on municipal employment --- class: middle  --- class: middle ## Best linear predictor of CATE But a previous literature, including Brollo et al (2017), has already established an effect of political connections on municipal employment — our main contribution is study heterogeneity in treatment effect We do so by studying how conditional treatment effects vary by individual characteristics — we start by finding the best linear predictor of CATE given our features This gives us what characteristics are related to a stronger treatment effect of being politically connected to the mayor on municipal employment --- class: middle ## Best linear predictor of CATE Although the ATE estimate is causal (given the local randomization framework), the same is not true for heterogeneity analysis However, we improve upon previous exercises because our linear predictor is projected on municipality, year, and party dummies and considers all sources of heterogeneity at once Although still not causal, this makes the analysis more robust than simple interactions tried in previous research --- class: middle  --- class: middle  --- class: middle ## Best linear predictor of CATE We find that older and male workers benefit the most from patronage: each year above the mean adds 0.25p.p. to treatment effect, and being male adds 5 p.p. to the causal probability of being hired when connected to the mayor In terms of worker quality, unlike previous literature, we find that the well educated are positively selected: while treatment effect is essentially 0 for those with incomplete high-school, it is 12.1 p.p. for the university educated On the other hand, if we proxy worker ability by individual fixed effects in a Mincerian equation, then we find that treatment effect is decreasing in ability --- class: middle ## Best linear predictor of CATE Finally, another contribution of our research is to note that being affiliated to the party of the winning mayor is more valuable for those newly affiliated: each year of party tenure corresponds to 0.42 p.p. lower TE (5% of the ATE) As aforementioned, the year before the election is when most party affiliation occurs, presumably to affect intra-party election — I conjecture that for these affiliates patronage could be more significant And indeed it is the case: newly affiliated workers are associated with 4.4 p.p. higher TE of political connections, half of the ATE --- class: middle ## Classification analysis The best linear predictor of CATE is one way of aggregating CATE estimates, another is to define subgroups by their treatment effect size and analyze the different average characteristics in each group We divide the sample by quartile of CATE size on municipal employment, and compare the most affected quartile with the least affected quartile Treatment is highly heterogeneous: while the most affected quartile has CATE of 0.21 (std. 0.004), 3x the ATE, the least affected group has economically insignificant effect of 0.01 (std. 0.002). --- class: middle  --- class: middle ## Classification analysis We see that the most affected group is slightly younger, but much more educated: the share with university education is 4 times higher than in the least affected group 2/3 of the most affected group are unemployed, the rest mostly working in government — the least affected group is almost entirely working, mostly on private sector and in blue collar occupations. Finally, the highest quartile is on average affiliated to the mayor’s party for 4 years, with 11% of them affiliated the year before the election, while for the lowest quartile it is 11 years, and only 1.8% of them new affiliates. --- class: middle ## Conclusion The fact that newly affiliated party members are more likely to be hired by political connections indicates that these hirings are indeed a form of patronage (versus, for example, ideological match) However, we find that these patronage workers are *positively* selected on education — on the other hand, they have lower estimated ability, tenure and are more likely to be unemployed A possible interpretation of these results is that mayors use their appointing power to reward political supporters that are observationally of good quality, but do not have good stable jobs in the private sector


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Polkadot Substrate API for C++
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Public Member Functions | |
| CPolkaApi (ILogger *logger, IJsonRpc *jsonRpc) | |
| virtual int | connect (string node_url="") |
| virtual void | disconnect () |
| virtual unique_ptr< SystemInfo > | getSystemInfo () |
| virtual unique_ptr< BlockHash > | getBlockHash (unique_ptr< GetBlockHashParams > params) |
| virtual unique_ptr< Metadata > | getMetadata (unique_ptr< GetMetadataParams > params) |
| virtual unique_ptr< RuntimeVersion > | getRuntimeVersion (unique_ptr< GetRuntimeVersionParams > params) |
| virtual unique_ptr< SignedBlock > | getBlock (unique_ptr< GetBlockParams > params) |
| virtual unique_ptr< BlockHeader > | getBlockHeader (unique_ptr< GetBlockParams > params) |
| virtual unique_ptr< FinalHead > | getFinalizedHead () |
| virtual unique_ptr< SystemHealth > | getSystemHealth () |
| virtual unique_ptr< PeersInfo > | getSystemPeers () |
| virtual unique_ptr< NetworkState > | getNetworkState () |
| virtual unsigned long | getAccountNonce (string address) |
| virtual string | getKeys (const string &jsonPrm, const string &module, const string &variable) |
| virtual string | getStorage (const string &jsonPrm, const string &module, const string &variable) |
| virtual string | getStorageHash (const string &jsonPrm, const string &module, const string &variable) |
| virtual int | getStorageSize (const string &jsonPrm, const string &module, const string &variable) |
| virtual string | getChildKeys (const string &childStorageKey, const string &storageKey) |
| virtual string | getChildStorage (const string &childStorageKey, const string &storageKey) |
| virtual string | getChildStorageHash (const string &childStorageKey, const string &storageKey) |
| virtual int | getChildStorageSize (const string &childStorageKey, const string &storageKey) |
| virtual string | stateCall (const string &name, const string &data, const string &hash) |
| virtual int | queryStorage (const string &key, const string &startHash, const string &stopHash, StorageItem *itemBuf, int itemBufSize) |
| virtual void | signAndSendTransfer (string sender, string privateKey, string recipient, uint128 amount, std::function< void(string)> callback) |
| virtual int | pendingExtrinsics (GenericExtrinsic *buf, int bufferSize) |
| virtual void | submitAndSubcribeExtrinsic (uint8_t *encodedMethodBytes, unsigned int encodedMethodBytesSize, string module, string method, string sender, string privateKey, std::function< void(string)> callback) |
| virtual string | submitExtrinsic (uint8_t *encodedMethodBytes, unsigned int encodedMethodBytesSize, string module, string method, string sender, string privateKey) |
| virtual bool | removeExtrinsic (string extrinsicHash) |
| virtual int | subscribeBlockNumber (std::function< void(long long)> callback) |
| virtual int | unsubscribeBlockNumber () |
| virtual int | subscribeBalance (string address, std::function< void(uint128)> callback) |
| virtual int | unsubscribeBalance (string address) |
| virtual int | subscribeEraAndSession (std::function< void(Era, Session)> callback) |
| virtual int | unsubscribeEraAndSession () |
| virtual int | subscribeAccountNonce (string address, std::function< void(unsigned long)> callback) |
| virtual int | unsubscribeAccountNonce (string address) |
| virtual int | subscribeFinalizedBlock (std::function< void(const BlockHeader &)> callback) |
| virtual int | unsubscribeFinalizedBlock () |
| virtual int | subscribeRuntimeVersion (std::function< void(const RuntimeVersion &)> callback) |
| virtual int | unsubscribeRuntimeVersion () |
| virtual int | subscribeStorage (string key, std::function< void(const string &)> callback) |
| virtual int | unsubscribeStorage (string key) |
Definition at line 37 of file application.h.
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Connects to WebSocket
In order to establish successful TLS connection, a root CA certificate needs to be present in pem file configured in CConstants::certificate_file (currently ca-chain.cert.pem). You can put several certificates in this text file one after the other. Currently Polkadot poc-3 server is using DST_Root_CA_X3 CA and Unfrastructure POC-3 server is using Amazon Root CA 1, so the content of these certificate files is added to ca-chain.cert.pem, but in case if this changes, one can find out the issuer certificate by executing following instructions:
curl --insecure -v https://poc3-rpc.polkadot.io:443
openssl x509 -in <downloaded_cert_file> -noout -issuer
Check folder /usr/share/ca-certificates/mozilla if it has this CA certificate. If it does, copy content to ca-chain.cert.pem, otherwise return to step 2
Configuration of Node URL
There are a few options how node URL can be configured. If empty string is provided in parameter and no configuration file is present, the default URL is used. If config file is provided (in the same folder as executable is run from), it overrides default value. If node URL is provided in the parameter, it overrides all other options. Config file has JSON format. Example is provided in config_example.json file in project root on GitHub:
https://github.com/usetech-llc/polkadot_api_cpp
Dealing with Substrate Runtime updates
Client application should subscribe to runtimeVersion and, as soon as it receives an update that indicates that runtime version changed, it should disconnect and connect again to recalculate hashers and method and modlue indexes that are required for correct working of other methods.
$param node_url - Node URL to connect to. If set to default value of "", default node URL will be used
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 17 of file application.cpp.
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Retreives the current nonce for specific address
| address | - the address to get nonce for |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 581 of file application.cpp.
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Get header and body of a relay chain block
| struct | with blockHash 64 diget number in hex format |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 521 of file application.cpp.
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Retreives the block hash for specific block
| struct | with blockNumber block number |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 485 of file application.cpp.
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Retrieves the header for a specific block
| struct | with blockHash 64 diget number in hex format |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 533 of file application.cpp.
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Calls storage_getChildKeys RPC method with given child storage key and storage key
| childStorageKey | - string with 0x prefixed child storage key hex value |
| storageKey | - string with 0x prefixed storage key hex value |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 710 of file application.cpp.
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Calls storage_getChildStorage RPC method with given child storage key and storage key
| childStorageKey | - string with 0x prefixed child storage key hex value |
| storageKey | - string with 0x prefixed storage key hex value |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 721 of file application.cpp.
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Calls storage_getChildStorageHash RPC method with given child storage key and storage key
| childStorageKey | - string with 0x prefixed child storage key hex value |
| storageKey | - string with 0x prefixed storage key hex value |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 732 of file application.cpp.
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Calls storage_getChildStorageSize RPC method with given child storage key and storage key
| childStorageKey | - string with 0x prefixed child storage key hex value |
| storageKey | - string with 0x prefixed storage key hex value |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 743 of file application.cpp.
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Get hash of the last finalized block in the chain
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 554 of file application.cpp.
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Generates storage key for a certain Module and State variable defined by parameter and prefix. Parameter is a JSON string representing a value of certain type, which has two fields: type and value. Type should be one of type strings defined above. Value should correspond to the type. Example:
{"type" : "AccountId", "value" : "5ECcjykmdAQK71qHBCkEWpWkoMJY6NXvpdKy8UeMx16q5gFr"}
Information about Modules and State variables (with parameters and their types) is returned by getMetadata method.
| jsonPrm | - JSON string that contains parameter and its type |
| module | - module (as in metadata) |
| variable | - state variable (as in metadata for given module) |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 599 of file application.cpp.
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Retreives the runtime metadata for specific block
| struct | with blockHash 64 diget number in hex format |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 497 of file application.cpp.
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Returns current state of the network
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 572 of file application.cpp.
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Retreives the runtime version information for specific block
| struct | with blockHash 64 diget number in hex format |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 509 of file application.cpp.
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Reads storage for a certain Module and State variable defined by parameter and prefix. Parameter is a JSON string representing a value of certain type, which has two fields: type and value. Type should be one of type strings defined above. Value should correspond to the type. Example:
{"type" : "AccountId", "value" : "5ECcjykmdAQK71qHBCkEWpWkoMJY6NXvpdKy8UeMx16q5gFr"}
Information about Modules and State variables (with parameters and their types) is returned by getMetadata method.
| jsonPrm | - JSON string that contains parameter and its type |
| module | - module (as in metadata) |
| variable | - state variable (as in metadata for given module) |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 618 of file application.cpp.
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Returns storage hash of given State Variable for a given Module defined by parameter. Parameter is a JSON string representing a value of certain type, which has two fields: type and value. Type should be one of type strings defined above. Value should correspond to the type. Example:
{"type" : "AccountId", "value" : "5ECcjykmdAQK71qHBCkEWpWkoMJY6NXvpdKy8UeMx16q5gFr"}
Information about Modules and State variables (with parameters and their types) is returned by getMetadata method.
| jsonPrm | - JSON string that contains parameter and its type |
| module | - module (as in metadata) |
| variable | - state variable (as in metadata for given module) |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 630 of file application.cpp.
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Returns storage size for a given State Variable for a given Module defined by parameter. Parameter is a JSON string representing a value of certain type, which has two fields: type and value. Type should be one of type strings defined above. Value should correspond to the type. Example:
{"type" : "AccountId", "value" : "5ECcjykmdAQK71qHBCkEWpWkoMJY6NXvpdKy8UeMx16q5gFr"}
Information about Modules and State variables (with parameters and their types) is returned by getMetadata method.
| jsonPrm | - JSON string that contains parameter and its type |
| module | - module (as in metadata) |
| variable | - state variable (as in metadata for given module) |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 641 of file application.cpp.
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Return health status of the node
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 545 of file application.cpp.
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Call 4 methods and put them together in a single object system_chain system_name system_version system_properties
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 235 of file application.cpp.
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Returns the currently connected peers
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 563 of file application.cpp.
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Returns all pending extrinsics
| buf | - Preallocated array of GenericExtrinsic that will be filled |
| bufferSize | - size of preallocated array |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 652 of file application.cpp.
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Calls state_queryStorage RPC method to get historical information about storage at a key
| key | - storage key to query |
| startHash | - hash of block to start with |
| stopHsah | - hash of block to stop at |
| itemBuf | - preallocated array of StorageItem elements |
| itemBufSize | - size of preallocated array of StorageItem elements |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 761 of file application.cpp.
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Remove given extrinsic from the pool and temporarily ban it to prevent reimporting
| extrinsicHash | - hash of extrinsic as returned by submitExtrisic |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 1259 of file application.cpp.
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Sign a transfer with provided private key, submit it to blockchain, and wait for completion. Once transaction is accepted, the callback will be called with parameter "ready". Once completed, the callback will be called with completion result string equal to "finalized".
| sender | - address of sender (who signs the transaction) |
| privateKey | - 64 byte private key of signer in hex, 2 symbols per byte (e.g. "0102ABCD...") |
| recipient | - address that will receive the transfer |
| amount | - amount (in femto DOTs) to transfer |
| callback | - functor or lambda expression that will receive operation updates |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 1269 of file application.cpp.
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Calls state_call RPC method
| name | - name of call |
| data | - hex encoded data with 0x prefix |
| hash | - hex encoded block hash with 0x prefix |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 754 of file application.cpp.
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Submit and subscribe a fully formatted extrinsic for block inclusion
| encodedMethodBytes | - encoded extrintic parametrs |
| encodedMethodBytesSize | - parametrs size in bytes |
| module | - invokable module name |
| method | - invokable module name |
| sender | - sender address |
| privateKey | - sender private key |
| callback | - functor or lambda expression that will receive operation updates |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 1047 of file application.cpp.
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Submit a fully formatted extrinsic for block inclusion
| encodedMethodBytesSize | - parametrs size in bytes |
| module | - invokable module name |
| method | - invokable module name |
| sender | - sender address |
| privateKey | - sender private key |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 1153 of file application.cpp.
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Subscribe to nonce updates for a given address. Only one subscription at a time per address is allowed. If a subscription already exists for the same address, old subscription will be discarded and replaced with the new one. Until unsubscribeNonce method is called with the same address, the API will be receiving updates and forwarding them to subscribed object/function. Only unsubscribeNonce will physically unsubscribe from WebSocket endpoint updates.
| address | - address to receive nonce updates for |
| callback | - functor or lambda expression that will receive nonce updates |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 954 of file application.cpp.
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Subscribe to most recent balance for a given address. Only one subscription at a time per address is allowed. If a subscription already exists for the same address, old subscription will be discarded and replaced with the new one. Until unsubscribeBalance method is called with the same address, the API will be receiving updates and forwarding them to subscribed object/function. Only unsubscribeBalance will physically unsubscribe from WebSocket endpoint updates.
| address | - address to receive balance updates for |
| callback | - functor or lambda expression that will receive balance updates |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 928 of file application.cpp.
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Subscribe to most recent block number. Only one subscription at a time is allowed. If a subscription already exists, old subscription will be discarded and replaced with the new one. Until unsubscribeBlockNumber method is called, the API will be receiving updates and forwarding them to subscribed object/function. Only unsubscribeBlockNumber will physically unsubscribe from WebSocket endpoint updates.
| callback | - functor or lambda expression that will receive updates |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 878 of file application.cpp.
Subscribe to era and session. Only one subscription at a time is allowed. If a subscription already exists, old subscription will be discarded and replaced with the new one. Until subscribeEraAndSession method is called, the API will be receiving updates and forwarding them to subscribed object/function. Only unsubscribeBlockNumber will physically unsubscribe from WebSocket endpoint updates.
| callback | - functor or lambda expression that will receive updates |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 890 of file application.cpp.
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Subscribe to most recent finalized block. Only one subscription at a time is allowed. If a subscription already exists, old subscription will be discarded and replaced with the new one. Until unsubscribeFinalizedBlock method is called, the API will be receiving updates and forwarding them to subscribed object/function. Only unsubscribeFinalizedBlock will physically unsubscribe from WebSocket endpoint updates.
| callback | - functor or lambda expression that will receive updates |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 983 of file application.cpp.
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Subscribe to most recent runtime version. This subscription is necessary for applications that keep connection for a long time. If update about runtime version arrives, it will be necessary to disconnect and reconnect since module and method indexes might have changed.
Only one subscription at a time is allowed. If a subscription already exists, old subscription will be discarded and replaced with the new one. Until unsubscribeRuntimeVersion method is called, the API will be receiving updates and forwarding them to subscribed object/function. Only unsubscribeRuntimeVersion will physically unsubscribe from WebSocket endpoint updates.
| callback | - functor or lambda expression that will receive updates |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 1004 of file application.cpp.
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Subscribe to most recent value updates for a given storage key. Only one subscription at a time per address is allowed. If a subscription already exists for the same storage key, old subscription will be discarded and replaced with the new one. Until unsubscribeStorage method is called with the same storage key, the API will be receiving updates and forwarding them to subscribed object/function. Only unsubscribeStorage will physically unsubscribe from WebSocket endpoint updates.
| key | - storage key to receive updates for (e.g. "0x66F795B8D457430EDDA717C3CBA459B9") |
| callback | - functor or lambda expression that will receive balance updates |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 1025 of file application.cpp.
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Unsubscribe from WebSocket endpoint and stop receiving updates for address nonce.
| address | - address to stop receiving nonce updates for |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 974 of file application.cpp.
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Unsubscribe from WebSocket endpoint and stop receiving updates for address balance.
| address | - address to stop receiving balance updates for |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 945 of file application.cpp.
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Unsubscribe from WebSocket endpoint and stop receiving updates with most recent block number.
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 919 of file application.cpp.
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Unsubscribe from WebSocket endpoint and stop receiving updates with era and session.
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 909 of file application.cpp.
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Unsubscribe from WebSocket endpoint and stop receiving updates with most recent finalized block.
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 995 of file application.cpp.
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Unsubscribe from WebSocket endpoint and stop receiving updates with most recent Runtime Version.
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 1016 of file application.cpp.
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Unsubscribe from WebSocket endpoint and stop receiving updates for address balance.
| key | - storage key to stop receiving updates for |
Implements IApplication.
Definition at line 1038 of file application.cpp.


Category Name - #00pts
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Timer
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Player 2
Points: #00
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Your Turn!!!
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Player 2: #000 pts
Your Turn!


This finite state automata, representing a regular expression, has a start state of 0 and two accepting states, 3 and 5. Move the red spot through it by clicking on the nodes or edges and see how the language accepts some strings and not others.


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Mulled wine banned from council's Christmas event over fears it could encourage street drinkers
by Telegraph ReportersMulled wine has been banned from a council's Christmas markets over fear it could encourage street drinking.
A trader has been banned from selling the festive tipple at a town's festive lights, branding the council as "anti-Christmas".
Glenn Davison applied for a temporary licence to serve the seasonal drink from his pop-up stall at the event in Castleford, on Tuesday. But Wakefield Council blocked the bid over concerns about street drinkers taking advantage of the sale.
"I don't think street drinkers will be interested in the mulled wine I'm selling," Mr Davison told the BBC.
"[It] is very weak. It's about 2 per cent, so you'd have to drink about six glasses to feel any effect."
Parts of the town centre are covered by a Public Spaces Protection Order (PSPO), which was put in place in 2017 to stop anti-social behaviour related to street drinking.
The order allows police to issue on-the-spot fines to offenders and to seize alcohol. At a licensing hearing on Friday, police said the stall would be too close to where the PSPO is in force, the Local Democracy Reporting Service reported.
They said no access-restrictions would be in place around the stalls, unlike at other Christmas markets where visitors can only drink alcohol within a gated area.
Mr Davison, a former winner of TV show Come Dine With Me from Hull, said he will still be at the event, selling non-alcoholic mulled wine.


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Fragment - Granular Synthesis (asynchronous/synchronous)
Use RIGHT keyboard arrow to process the next sample


Perishers - 20th November 2019
Perishers originally ran from 1959 to 2006. The strip is still so popular today that we decided to reprint the best of the strips by Maurice Dodd and Dennis Collins
by charlene bougourd
Perishers originally ran from 1959 to 2006. The strip is still so popular today that we decided to reprint the best of the strips by Maurice Dodd and Dennis Collins


 VR is on the verge of becoming much more affordable, however we realize that it can still be out of reach for many. We offer Virtual Reality system rentals for parties, as well as financing options for VR systems.
We are a group made of many dynamics, all here for the same reason; to bring VR to the masses! We hope to close the gap for those who cannot justify the often-too-steep entry costs for most systems.


--- layout: default title: Grasshopper - An everybody friendly, flexible, extensible CMS bodyid: home navtype: hero ---
Use Grasshopper, a Node.js framework, to drastically speed up development for distributed systems. Support your clients better.
Most Content Management Systems (CMS) are too rigid and cloud database services don't offer a friendly way for your clients to manage their apps. Building backend administrations is costly, time consuming, boring and usually a terrible user experience. Grasshopper exists to fill in these gaps, using Grasshopper you can spend less time doing these repetitive and costly tasks and more time focusing on your customer.
Most open source platforms only focus on developer happiness, we believe that this approach is one sided. We believe that all users of our system should be happy. Grasshopper provides tools for everyone involved in the project, developers, content managers, clients and customers alike.
Grasshopper is an open source project that is available on Github and it has been sponsored by Solid Interactive. We fully appreciate the contributions that have been made so far and we are excited for the participation moving forward.
See how easy it is to get up and running with Grasshopper. Here is a video showing the installation of a new Grasshopper application.


{% extends "templates/base.html" %} {% set mastheadimage="/devsummit/static/images/masthead/collage-masthead" %} {% set mastheadtitle="Schedule" %} {% set pagestyles="static/styles/schedule.css" %} {% set section="Schedule" %} {% block content %} {% include "templates/includes/schedule-nav.partial.html" %}
Proin aliquet nisl consequat mi auctor gravida. Maecenas cursus risus ultrices ligula iaculis, non fermentum magna lacinia.
Alex gives an overview of why web apps don’t feel “appy” today, and shows how Service Worker is enabling a whole new world of appiness - beyond the simple goal of making web apps work offline, to building truly engaging web applications.
Ryan gives an overview of some of the architectural improvements we've been making to Chrome to ensure that it's easy to make 60fps web applications across any device, as well as some features that help your apps perform silky-smooth.


Contains the parameters used for the initiateMultipartUpload operation. More...
Inherits S3AbstractPutRequest.
Protected Attributes | |
| bool | expiresSet |
Properties | |
| NSString * | cacheControl |
| Can be used to specify caching behavior along the request/reply chain. | |
| NSString * | contentDisposition |
| Specifies presentational information for the object. | |
| NSString * | contentEncoding |
Specifies what content encodings have been applied to the object and thus what decoding mechanisms must be applied to obtain the media-type referenced by the Content-Type header field. | |
| int | expires |
| Number of milliseconds before expiration. |
Contains the parameters used for the initiateMultipartUpload operation.
- (NSString *) cacheControl [read, write, retain] |
Can be used to specify caching behavior along the request/reply chain.
For more information, go to http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.9.
- (NSString *) contentDisposition [read, write, retain] |
Specifies presentational information for the object.
For more information, go to http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec19.html#sec19.5.1.
- (NSString *) contentEncoding [read, write, retain] |
Specifies what content encodings have been applied to the object and thus what decoding mechanisms must be applied to obtain the media-type referenced by the Content-Type
header field.
For more information, go to http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.11.
- (int) expires [read, write, assign] |
Number of milliseconds before expiration.


Other loans (loans from your state, the school, and nonprofits
Your state, this school, or a nonprofit may offer you loans directly or through a bank. Before taking on this debt, do your research to make sure they are the best option for you. If you think you may want to use this funding, enter it below.
Interest rates are set by the school and/or the financial institutions they are working with. Loan fees are deducted immediately from your loan amount, lowering the total you receive. For example, if the loan fee is 1%, then $10 will be subtracted from a $1,000 loan, so you or your school will only receive $990 but you would have to repay $1,000.
{{ notification.render(
'caution',
true,
'',
'Only borrow what you need. Entering the amount here does not obligate you to borrow this money.'
) }}
{{
input.render({
'label': 'Loan from your state',
'id': 'loans__stateLoan',
'value': '0',
'data_attribute': 'data-financial-item="publicLoan_state"'
})
}}
{{
input.render({
'label': 'Interest rate (%)',
'id': 'loans__stateLoanRate',
'value': '0',
'data_attribute': 'data-financial-item="rate_state"'
})
}}
{{
input.render({
'label': 'Loan fee (%)',
'id': 'loans__stateLoanFee',
'value': '0',
'data_attribute': 'data-financial-item="fee_state"'
})
}}
{{
input.render({
'label': 'Loan from the school',
'id': 'loans__schoolLoan',
'value': '0',
'data_attribute': 'data-financial-item="publicLoan_institutional"'
})
}}
{{
input.render({
'label': 'Interest rate (%)',
'id': 'loans__schoolLoanRate',
'value': '0',
'data_attribute': 'data-financial-item="rate_institutional"'
})
}}
{{
input.render({
'label': 'Loan fee (%)',
'id': 'loans__schoolLoanFee',
'value': '0',
'data_attribute': 'data-financial-item="fee_institutional"'
})
}}
{{
input.render({
'label': 'Loan from a non-profit',
'id': 'loans__nonprofitLoan',
'value': '0',
'data_attribute': 'data-financial-item="publicLoan_nonprofit"'
})
}}
{{
input.render({
'label': 'Interest rate (%)',
'id': 'loans__nonprofitLoanRate',
'value': '0',
'data_attribute': 'data-financial-item="rate_nonprofit"'
})
}}
{{
input.render({
'label': 'Loan fee (%)',
'id': 'loans__nonprofitLoanFee',
'value': '0',
'data_attribute': 'data-financial-item="fee_nonprofit"'
})
}}
{{
text_item.render({
'label': 'Total funding from other loans (minus loan fees)',
'value': '$99, 999',
'type': 'total',
'data_attribute': 'data-financial-item="total_publicLoans"'
})
}}
{{ notification.render(
'caution',
true,
'',
'Costs not covered: ' | safe
) }}
{{ notification.render(
'money-tips',
true,
'Money saving tips',
'
- Before committing to these loans, compare them to other federal and private options. Look at the terms: the interest rate, whether interest accumulates during school, how soon you’ll have to start repaying the loan after leaving school, and whether there are flexible repayment options.
- Many schools offer low-cost or no-cost tuition payment plans. These break up a term’s tuition into periodic payments instead of one lump payment at the beginning of the term, allowing you to pay tuition as you (and/or your family) earn money over time.
' | safe
) }}
{{ notification.render(
'warning',
true,
'Know before you go',
'Loans from your school or from a bank or credit union may not offer the same protections flexible repayment options as federal student loans. If you need loans to pay for school, consider using up your federal loan offer before turning to loans through a bank or credit union.'
) }}


RT @newrelic: Check out highlights from “the conference for open source citizens" http://goo.gl/oyZFT9 #osbridge #osb15 #PDX http://t.co/…
7/18/2015, 12:49:08 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link--- layout: tweet ---
RT @newrelic: Check out highlights from “the conference for open source citizens" http://goo.gl/oyZFT9 #osbridge #osb15 #PDX http://t.co/…
7/18/2015, 12:49:08 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link


Typedef
| Static Public Summary | ||
| public |
CanvasRecorder(htmlElement: HTMLElement, config: object): * CanvasRecorder is a standalone class used by RecordRTC to bring HTML5-Canvas recording into video WebM. |
|
| public |
GetRecorderType(mediaStream: MediaStream, config: object): * GetRecorderType is an inner/private helper for RecordRTC. |
|
| public |
GifRecorder(mediaStream: MediaStream, config: object): * GifRecorder is standalone calss used by RecordRTC to record video or canvas into animated gif. |
|
| public |
MRecordRTC(mediaStream: MediaStream): * MRecordRTC runs on top of RecordRTC to bring multiple recordings in a single place, by providing simple API. |
|
| public |
MediaStreamRecorder(mediaStream: MediaStream, config: object): * MediaStreamRecorder is an abstraction layer for "MediaRecorder API". |
|
| public |
{@link https://github.com/muaz-khan/RecordRTC|RecordRTC} is a JavaScript-based media-recording library for modern web-browsers (supporting WebRTC getUserMedia API). |
|
| public |
RecordRTCConfiguration(mediaStream: MediaStream, config: object): * RecordRTCConfiguration is an inner/private helper for RecordRTC. |
|
| public |
StereoAudioRecorder(mediaStream: MediaStream, config: object): * StereoAudioRecorder is a standalone class used by RecordRTC to bring "stereo" audio-recording in chrome. |
|
| public |
Whammy: * Whammy is a standalone class used by RecordRTC to bring video recording in Chrome. |
|
| public |
Whammy: * Whammy is a standalone class used by RecordRTC to bring video recording in Chrome. |
|
| public |
WhammyRecorder(mediaStream: MediaStream, config: object): * WhammyRecorder is a standalone class used by RecordRTC to bring video recording in Chrome. |
|
| public |
createFileSharingDiv(config: object): * createFileSharingDiv is an inner/private helper for RecordRTC. |
| Static Private Summary | ||
| private |
_turn.js: * |
Static Public
public CanvasRecorder(htmlElement: HTMLElement, config: object): * source
CanvasRecorder is a standalone class used by RecordRTC to bring HTML5-Canvas recording into video WebM. It uses HTML2Canvas library and runs top over Whammy.
Example:
var recorder = new CanvasRecorder(htmlElement, { disableLogs: true });
recorder.record();
recorder.stop(function(blob) {
video.src = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
});
See:
- {@link https://github.com/muaz-khan/RecordRTC|RecordRTC Source Code}
public GetRecorderType(mediaStream: MediaStream, config: object): * source
GetRecorderType is an inner/private helper for RecordRTC.
Example:
var RecorderType = GetRecorderType(options);
var recorder = new RecorderType(options);
See:
- {@link https://github.com/muaz-khan/RecordRTC|RecordRTC Source Code}
public GifRecorder(mediaStream: MediaStream, config: object): * source
GifRecorder is standalone calss used by RecordRTC to record video or canvas into animated gif.
Example:
var recorder = new GifRecorder(mediaStream || canvas || context, { width: 1280, height: 720, frameRate: 200, quality: 10 });
recorder.record();
recorder.stop(function(blob) {
img.src = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
});
See:
- {@link https://github.com/muaz-khan/RecordRTC|RecordRTC Source Code}
public MRecordRTC(mediaStream: MediaStream): * source
MRecordRTC runs on top of RecordRTC to bring multiple recordings in a single place, by providing simple API.
Example:
var recorder = new MRecordRTC();
recorder.addStream(MediaStream);
recorder.mediaType = {
audio: true, // or StereoAudioRecorder or MediaStreamRecorder
video: true, // or WhammyRecorder or MediaStreamRecorder
gif: true // or GifRecorder
};
// mimeType is optional and should be set only in advance cases.
recorder.mimeType = {
audio: 'audio/wav',
video: 'video/webm',
gif: 'image/gif'
};
recorder.startRecording();
See:
- For further information:
- {@link https://github.com/muaz-khan/RecordRTC/tree/master/MRecordRTC|MRecordRTC Source Code}
public MediaStreamRecorder(mediaStream: MediaStream, config: object): * source
MediaStreamRecorder is an abstraction layer for "MediaRecorder API". It is used by RecordRTC to record MediaStream(s) in Firefox.
Example:
var options = {
mimeType: 'video/mp4', // audio/ogg or video/webm
audioBitsPerSecond : 256 * 8 * 1024,
videoBitsPerSecond : 256 * 8 * 1024,
bitsPerSecond: 256 * 8 * 1024, // if this is provided, skip above two
getNativeBlob: true // by default it is false
}
var recorder = new MediaStreamRecorder(MediaStream, options);
recorder.record();
recorder.stop(function(blob) {
video.src = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
// or
var blob = recorder.blob;
});
See:
- {@link https://github.com/muaz-khan/RecordRTC|RecordRTC Source Code}
public RecordRTC(mediaStream: MediaStream, config: object): * source
{@link https://github.com/muaz-khan/RecordRTC|RecordRTC} is a JavaScript-based media-recording library for modern web-browsers (supporting WebRTC getUserMedia API). It is optimized for different devices and browsers to bring all client-side (pluginfree) recording solutions in single place.
Example:
var recordRTC = RecordRTC(mediaStream, {
type: 'video' // audio or video or gif or canvas
});
// or, you can also use the "new" keyword
var recordRTC = new RecordRTC(mediaStream[, config]);
See:
- For further information:
- {@link https://github.com/muaz-khan/RecordRTC|RecordRTC Source Code}
public RecordRTCConfiguration(mediaStream: MediaStream, config: object): * source
RecordRTCConfiguration is an inner/private helper for RecordRTC.
Example:
var options = RecordRTCConfiguration(mediaStream, options);
See:
- {@link https://github.com/muaz-khan/RecordRTC|RecordRTC Source Code}
public StereoAudioRecorder(mediaStream: MediaStream, config: object): * source
StereoAudioRecorder is a standalone class used by RecordRTC to bring "stereo" audio-recording in chrome.
Example:
var recorder = new StereoAudioRecorder(MediaStream, {
sampleRate: 44100,
bufferSize: 4096
});
recorder.record();
recorder.stop(function(blob) {
video.src = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
});
See:
- {@link https://github.com/muaz-khan/RecordRTC|RecordRTC Source Code}
public Whammy: * source
Whammy is a standalone class used by RecordRTC to bring video recording in Chrome. It is written by {@link https://github.com/antimatter15|antimatter15}
Example:
var recorder = new Whammy().Video(15);
recorder.add(context || canvas || dataURL);
var output = recorder.compile();
See:
- {@link https://github.com/muaz-khan/RecordRTC|RecordRTC Source Code}
public Whammy: * source
Whammy is a standalone class used by RecordRTC to bring video recording in Chrome. It is written by {@link https://github.com/antimatter15|antimatter15}
Example:
var recorder = new Whammy().Video(15);
recorder.add(context || canvas || dataURL);
var output = recorder.compile();
public WhammyRecorder(mediaStream: MediaStream, config: object): * source
WhammyRecorder is a standalone class used by RecordRTC to bring video recording in Chrome. It runs top over Whammy.
Example:
var recorder = new WhammyRecorder(mediaStream);
recorder.record();
recorder.stop(function(blob) {
video.src = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
});
See:
- {@link https://github.com/muaz-khan/RecordRTC|RecordRTC Source Code}
public createFileSharingDiv(config: object): * source
createFileSharingDiv is an inner/private helper for RecordRTC.
Example:
createFileSharingDiv(peerinfo)
See:
- {@link https://github.com/altanai/webrtc|webrtc Source Code}
Static Private
private _turn.js: * source
Example:
turn = (session.hasOwnProperty('turn')?session.turn:null);
if(turn!=null ){
getICEServer( turn.username ,turn.secretkey , turn.domain,
turn.application , turn.room , turn.secure);
}


--- layout: post title: Thumbs-up date: '2016-11-04T02:02:01+01:00' categories: - Storyboards picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/152719020632 ---


$ grep 9418 /etc/services git 9418/tcp # Git Version Control System
git-daemon(1) Manual Page
NAME
git-daemon - A really simple server for Git repositories
SYNOPSIS
git daemon [--verbose] [--syslog] [--export-all] [--timeout=<n>] [--init-timeout=<n>] [--max-connections=<n>] [--strict-paths] [--base-path=<path>] [--base-path-relaxed] [--user-path | --user-path=<path>] [--interpolated-path=<pathtemplate>] [--reuseaddr] [--detach] [--pid-file=<file>] [--enable=<service>] [--disable=<service>] [--allow-override=<service>] [--forbid-override=<service>] [--access-hook=<path>] [--[no-]informative-errors] [--inetd | [--listen=<host_or_ipaddr>] [--port=<n>] [--user=<user> [--group=<group>]]] [<directory>...]
DESCRIPTION
A really simple TCP Git daemon that normally listens on port "DEFAULT_GIT_PORT" aka 9418. It waits for a connection asking for a service, and will serve that service if it is enabled.
It verifies that the directory has the magic file "git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any Git directory that hasn't explicitly been marked for export this way (unless the --export-all parameter is specified). If you pass some directory paths as git daemon arguments, you can further restrict the offers to a whitelist comprising of those.
By default, only upload-pack service is enabled, which serves git fetch-pack and git ls-remote clients, which are invoked from git fetch, git pull, and git clone.
This is ideally suited for read-only updates, i.e., pulling from Git repositories.
An upload-archive also exists to serve git archive.
OPTIONS
- --strict-paths
Match paths exactly (i.e. don't allow "/foo/repo" when the real path is "/foo/repo.git" or "/foo/repo/.git") and don't do user-relative paths. git daemon will refuse to start when this option is enabled and no whitelist is specified.
- --base-path=<path>
Remap all the path requests as relative to the given path. This is sort of "Git root" - if you run git daemon with --base-path=/srv/git on example.com, then if you later try to pull git://example.com/hello.git, git daemon will interpret the path as /srv/git/hello.git.
- --base-path-relaxed
If --base-path is enabled and repo lookup fails, with this option git daemon will attempt to lookup without prefixing the base path. This is useful for switching to --base-path usage, while still allowing the old paths.
- --interpolated-path=<pathtemplate>
To support virtual hosting, an interpolated path template can be used to dynamically construct alternate paths. The template supports %H for the target hostname as supplied by the client but converted to all lowercase, %CH for the canonical hostname, %IP for the server's IP address, %P for the port number, and %D for the absolute path of the named repository. After interpolation, the path is validated against the directory whitelist.
- --export-all
Allow pulling from all directories that look like Git repositories (have the objects and refs subdirectories), even if they do not have the git-daemon-export-ok file.
- --inetd
Have the server run as an inetd service. Implies --syslog. Incompatible with --detach, --port, --listen, --user and --group options.
- --listen=<host_or_ipaddr>
Listen on a specific IP address or hostname. IP addresses can be either an IPv4 address or an IPv6 address if supported. If IPv6 is not supported, then --listen=hostname is also not supported and --listen must be given an IPv4 address. Can be given more than once. Incompatible with --inetd option.
- --port=<n>
Listen on an alternative port. Incompatible with --inetd option.
- --init-timeout=<n>
Timeout (in seconds) between the moment the connection is established and the client request is received (typically a rather low value, since that should be basically immediate).
- --timeout=<n>
Timeout (in seconds) for specific client sub-requests. This includes the time it takes for the server to process the sub-request and the time spent waiting for the next client's request.
- --max-connections=<n>
Maximum number of concurrent clients, defaults to 32. Set it to zero for no limit.
- --syslog
Log to syslog instead of stderr. Note that this option does not imply --verbose, thus by default only error conditions will be logged.
- --user-path
- --user-path=<path>
Allow ~user notation to be used in requests. When specified with no parameter, requests to git://host/~alice/foo is taken as a request to access foo repository in the home directory of user alice. If --user-path=path is specified, the same request is taken as a request to access path/foo repository in the home directory of user alice.
- --verbose
Log details about the incoming connections and requested files.
- --reuseaddr
Use SO_REUSEADDR when binding the listening socket. This allows the server to restart without waiting for old connections to time out.
- --detach
Detach from the shell. Implies --syslog.
- --pid-file=<file>
Save the process id in file. Ignored when the daemon is run under --inetd.
- --user=<user>
- --group=<group>
Change daemon's uid and gid before entering the service loop. When only --user is given without --group, the primary group ID for the user is used. The values of the option are given to getpwnam(3) and getgrnam(3) and numeric IDs are not supported.
Giving these options is an error when used with --inetd; use the facility of inet daemon to achieve the same before spawning git daemon if needed.
Like many programs that switch user id, the daemon does not reset environment variables such as $HOME when it runs git programs, e.g. upload-pack and receive-pack. When using this option, you may also want to set and export HOME to point at the home directory of <user> before starting the daemon, and make sure any Git configuration files in that directory are readable by <user>.
- --enable=<service>
- --disable=<service>
Enable/disable the service site-wide per default. Note that a service disabled site-wide can still be enabled per repository if it is marked overridable and the repository enables the service with a configuration item.
- --allow-override=<service>
- --forbid-override=<service>
Allow/forbid overriding the site-wide default with per repository configuration. By default, all the services are overridable.
- --[no-]informative-errors
When informative errors are turned on, git-daemon will report more verbose errors to the client, differentiating conditions like "no such repository" from "repository not exported". This is more convenient for clients, but may leak information about the existence of unexported repositories. When informative errors are not enabled, all errors report "access denied" to the client. The default is --no-informative-errors.
- --access-hook=<path>
Every time a client connects, first run an external command specified by the <path> with service name (e.g. "upload-pack"), path to the repository, hostname (%H), canonical hostname (%CH), ip address (%IP), and tcp port (%P) as its command line arguments. The external command can decide to decline the service by exiting with a non-zero status (or to allow it by exiting with a zero status). It can also look at the $REMOTE_ADDR and $REMOTE_PORT environment variables to learn about the requestor when making this decision.
The external command can optionally write a single line to its standard output to be sent to the requestor as an error message when it declines the service.
- <directory>
A directory to add to the whitelist of allowed directories. Unless --strict-paths is specified this will also include subdirectories of each named directory.
SERVICES
These services can be globally enabled/disabled using the command line options of this command. If a finer-grained control is desired (e.g. to allow git archive to be run against only in a few selected repositories the daemon serves), the per-repository configuration file can be used to enable or disable them.
- upload-pack
This serves git fetch-pack and git ls-remote clients. It is enabled by default, but a repository can disable it by setting daemon.uploadpack configuration item to false.
- upload-archive
This serves git archive --remote. It is disabled by default, but a repository can enable it by setting daemon.uploadarch configuration item to true.
- receive-pack
This serves git send-pack clients, allowing anonymous push. It is disabled by default, as there is no authentication in the protocol (in other words, anybody can push anything into the repository, including removal of refs). This is solely meant for a closed LAN setting where everybody is friendly. This service can be enabled by setting daemon.receivepack configuration item to true.
EXAMPLES
- We assume the following in /etc/services
- git daemon as inetd server
To set up git daemon as an inetd service that handles any repository under the whitelisted set of directories, /pub/foo and /pub/bar, place an entry like the following into /etc/inetd all on one line:
git stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/bin/git git daemon --inetd --verbose --export-all /pub/foo /pub/bar
- git daemon as inetd server for virtual hosts
To set up git daemon as an inetd service that handles repositories for different virtual hosts, www.example.com and www.example.org, place an entry like the following into /etc/inetd all on one line:
git stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/bin/git git daemon --inetd --verbose --export-all --interpolated-path=/pub/%H%D /pub/www.example.org/software /pub/www.example.com/software /software
In this example, the root-level directory /pub will contain a subdirectory for each virtual host name supported. Further, both hosts advertise repositories simply as git://www.example.com/software/repo.git. For pre-1.4.0 clients, a symlink from /software into the appropriate default repository could be made as well.
- git daemon as regular daemon for virtual hosts
To set up git daemon as a regular, non-inetd service that handles repositories for multiple virtual hosts based on their IP addresses, start the daemon like this:
git daemon --verbose --export-all --interpolated-path=/pub/%IP/%D /pub/<IP_ADDRESS>/software /pub/<IP_ADDRESS>/software
In this example, the root-level directory /pub will contain a subdirectory for each virtual host IP address supported. Repositories can still be accessed by hostname though, assuming they correspond to these IP addresses.
- selectively enable/disable services per repository
To enable git archive --remote and disable git fetch against a repository, have the following in the configuration file in the repository (that is the file config next to HEAD, refs and objects).
[daemon] uploadpack = false uploadarch = true
ENVIRONMENT
git daemon will set REMOTE_ADDR to the IP address of the client that connected to it, if the IP address is available. REMOTE_ADDR will be available in the environment of hooks called when services are performed.
GIT
Part of the git(1) suite


I'm A Celebrity fans demand to know where shamed Kiosk Keith is after sacking
Some I'm A Celebrity viewers questioned where Kiosk Keith had gone - but others reminded them he was accused of turning up drunk to work and behaving inappropriately towards a female colleague
by Irishmirror.ieI'm A Celebrity fans were demanding to know where shamed Kiosk Keith was after noticing he was missing.

The celebrities reached the Outback Shack and were greeted by popcorn, crisps and Kiosk Kev.
Kev started doing shifts at the shack last series after Kiosk Keith was sacked back in 2018.
Keith, real name Raymond Grant, was accused of turning up drunk to work and behaving inappropriately towards a female colleague.
Keitg mysteriously disappeared part way through the 2017 series with hosts Ant McPartlin and Declan Donnelly assuring fans he was under the weather and would be back.
But he didn't return though, and in January 2018, show bosses confirmed Keith had been sacked.
ITV said in a statement: “Ray is no longer under contract on the show. There are no plans for him to return this year.”
The Kiosk Keith Twitter account gave a final sign off was to fans at the end of 2018.
It read: "OK just read up that i’m no longer on the show for reasons i won’t say, you can find out yourself ffs.
"This account will no longer be used so enjoy this last tweet of mine."
* I'm A Celebrity...Get Me Out Of Here! airs on ITV at 9pm


--- layout: default title: Donate ---
Startup Shell has partnered with Student-Initiated Courses (STICs) @ UMD. STICs is a program that helps students design, develop, and teach for-credit courses at the university. These courses exist in multiple departments such as music, computer science, math, art, business, and more.
STICs is proud to support student-facilitators by providing direct funding for their compensation. Your donation directly funds the stipend that these facilitators receive for designing, developing, and teaching for-credit courses.
Donations help passionate students share their knowledge with the rest of UMD’s student body. These contributions create real impact for real students.
Some examples of student-initiated courses include:
Startup Shell is a non-profit organization pursuant to Section 501(c)(3) of the United States Internal Revenue Code. Your donation to Startup Shell may qualify for an income tax deduction in accordance with Federal and/or State income tax laws. Please consult with your tax advisor to determine whether your donation is tax deductible in whole or in part. Nothing in the communication is intended to constitute legal or tax advice.


Ludo AI Controller
Create AI players for the board game Ludo using modern techniques such as Neural Networks
Tools: Eclipse IDE, Ludo testbed game
Duration: 2 weeks


Presence In a Nutshell
Presence allows you to track who (or which device, if you are building an Internet of Things application) is online and offline, and the status of users/devices in realtime. (API)Demo
See the previous section to see How to Play Tic-Tac-Toe.
You (X):
- Stay on this browser
- Play when your opponent is ready
Your opponent (O) should be playing from this URL:
Presence in Action
This game won't start until two players are connected at the same channel. Presence detection makes it possible to track when the second player logs on.
You:
It is your turn!
Presence API Explained
Presence allows you to detect more than just a number of users online. It triggers the following presence events against the channels too. They are, Join, Leave, and timeout-
Observe the Join action, by joining to the game. When you open an another browser window or tab to access the same game ID, you should see the presence indication each time a new player joining (although any players who joine after the 2nd player cannot play the game).
Observe the Leave action, by manually leaving the game. Click "Quit" button below to unsubscribing from the game channel.
Observe Timeout action, by closing the browser tab or window. It happens when the browser loses its socket connection, and it can take up a few minutes to timeout. It happens when you are accessing on mobile and loses the connectivity, too.


All guess card fields are filled
All player fields are filled
"Guess" and "Show" player fields are not the same
The card shown field is filled
Basic guess requirements must be met before checking guess validity
Guess is valid
{{warn}}


Draw Rays
Draw Solutions
Draw Perpendiculars
Draw Rays to get solutions
Angle of incidence
Angle of Prism
mu
Canvas not supported; please update your browser.


domestic | environment | heating | 2007
Every
building
must be designed and
constructed
in such a way that
it can be heated and maintain temperatures at a level that will not
endanger the health of the occupants.
Limitation:
This standard applies only to a
dwelling
.
3.13.0 Introduction
Heating in a
building
is necessary to provide suitable conditions in which to
live. Heating, ventilation and thermal insulation should be considered as part
of a total design that takes into account all heat gains and losses. Failure to
do so can lead to inadequate internal conditions, e.g. condensation and
mould and the inefficient use of energy due to overheating.
Whole
house
‘central heating’ is now almost universal, particularly in new
buildings
and is regarded as almost essential in combating problems such as
condensation and mould growth.
Normal activities within a
dwelling
add both heat and water vapour to the air.
If the heating maintains comfort levels in the whole at all times, condensation
problems will be minimised, but costs will be high. A reasonable compromise
needs to be given to heating and ventilation to reduce the possibility of such
problems and guidance is provided for both these issues in this sub-section.
Section 6, Energy, provides guidance on the third issue, thermal insulation.
dwellings
is covered by the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare)
Regulations.
Conversions
In the case of conversions, as specified in regulation 4, the
building
as
converted shall meet the requirement of this standard (regulation 12,
schedule 6).
3.13
—
3.13.0
domestic | environment | heating | 2007
3.13.1 Heating recommendations
The layout of a
dwelling
, the size and orientation of the windows, the thermal
mass, level of insulation, airtightness, and ventilation can have a significant
affect on the demand for heat. The performance of a heating system will also
have a major affect on energy efficiency. Section 6, Energy provides
guidance on these issues.
Heating a
dwelling
will normally be tailored to personal comfort taking cost
into consideration. However in addition to comfort, the heating should reflect
the combined effects of occupancy pattern, ventilation provision,
building
mass and insulation to reduce the possibility of producing excess
condensation that might damage the
building
fabric.
Every
dwelling
should have some form of fixed heating system, or alternative
that is capable of maintaining a temperature of 21º C in at least 1
apartment
and 18º C elsewhere, when the outside temperature is minus 1º C.
There is no need to maintain these temperatures in storage
rooms
with a
floor area of not more than 4 m
2
.
3.13.2 Alternative heating systems
Alternative heating systems may involve a holistic design approach to the
dwelling
and can include the use of natural sources of available energy such
as the sun, wind and the geothermal capacity of the earth. Passive design,
mass to store heat with controlled heat release may only need minor
supplementation from a lower output fixed heating system. Active heating
systems, such as heat pumps that extract heat from ground, air, water or
geo-thermal sources, can limit emissions of carbon dioxide and reduce the
use of fossil fuels. Complementary systems can also be used, to heat water
using solar energy or generate electricity using solar or wind power.
Elderly and infirm
Where there are elderly or infirm occupants in a
dwelling
the capability of the
heating system to maintain an
apartment
at a temperature higher than 21º C
is a sensible precaution. Since it is not possible to determine the occupants
at design stage the heating system should be designed with the capability of
being easily upgraded at a later date.
Upgrade
If an existing heating system is to be upgraded to provide higher
temperatures the boiler size may not need to be replaced, provided it was
correctly sized originally. The upgrading may necessitate the replacement of
some pipes and radiator in one or two
rooms
and accessibility will need to be
considered. Such modification could result in a small increase in the recovery
time of the hot water supply for bathing and washing.
3.13.1
—
3.13.2


revealer.js
GitHub | npm | donate | @craigbuckler | craigbuckler.com
revealer.js
reveals an element with a CSS animation when it is scrolled into view.
Please use the code as you wish. Tweet me @craigbuckler if you find it useful and donate toward development if you use it commercially.
Benefits:
- shows attention-grabbing animations
- fast loading, high performance, uses Intersection Observers
- fully customisable - any CSS reveal effect can be applied
- small: 665 bytes of JavaScript, 185 bytes of CSS (minimum)
- works in all modern browsers (not IE)
- safe progressive enhancement - will not break older browsers
- animation can be disabled by user
- easy to use
Usage instructions
Include the minified CSS and JavaScript anywhere in your page. Typically, the CSS is loaded in the HTML
and the JS is loaded just before the closing
tag:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/revealer.js/dist/revealer.css">

CDN URLs are shown above but you can also npm i revealer.js
to install via npm and use a bundler.
Then add a data-revealer="class"
attribute to any element you wish to animate into view, e.g.

Main title

Five class animations are provided: up
, down
, left
, right
, and zoomup
, but more can be added.
A CSS prefers-reduced-motion
media query disables animations according to user preference.
Custom delays
By default, a delay of at least 300 milliseconds occurs between each element animation. So, if three elements are scrolled into view at the same time, the first animates immediately, the second after 300ms, and the third after 600ms:
- element 1
- element 2
- element 3
An optional data-delay="M"
attribute on the same element sets a custom delay to M
milliseconds. The following elements all have data-delay="0"
set so they animate at the same time:
- element 1
- element 2
- element 3
Custom animations
An element is initially hidden by applying the .revealer
class which sets opacity: 0
.
When the element is scrolled into view, the class defined by the data-revealer
attribute is applied, e.g. data-revealer="up"
applies the up
class which triggers an animation defined by the .revealer.up
selector in the CSS.
Animations should generally set animation-fill-mode: forwards
to ensure the animation ends at the state defined by the last (100%) keyframe. That last keyframe should also set the final opacity
.
Example from revealer.css
:
.revealer.up { animation: revealup 0.6s ease forwards; }
@keyframes revealup {
0% { opacity: 0.2; transform: translateY(100px); }
100% { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}
The element is unobserved once it has been revealed so it remains in-place.
Advanced configuration
revealer.js
defines the following configuration variables in a cfg
object which can be changed:
cfg.name
- attribute data name (defaultrevealer
)cfg.delay
- attribute data delay (defaultdelay
)cfg.threshold
- proportion of element visible before triggering animation (default0.6
- element must be at least 60% in viewport)cfg.minDelay
- minimum delay between each animation unless set with data-delay (default300
milliseconds)
The Intersection observer options can also be changed if necessary:
root
- root element (defaultnull
for viewport)margin
- margin around root element (default0px
)
Further considerations
Avoid using on very large elements where it may become impossible to show 60% of it on-screen so the revealing animation is never triggered.


Good news! If you can see the text in the blue box above, your Chrome is up to
date (version 26) and you can now use WebRTC P2P
DataChannels.
Open up your Chrome inspector to see what's going on under the hood.
Not cool enough? Try out
a chat demo
with a friend.
This demo was built with
PeerJS.
Your browser version:
Currently Google Chrome 26.0.1403.0 or above is
required.
For more up to date compatibility
information see
PeerJS WebRTC
StatusNote that this demo may also fail if you are behind
stringent firewalls.


2 references to prevStackTraces
System.Management.Automation (2)
engine\interpreter\Utilities.cs (2)
360
e.Data[
prevStackTraces
] = traces;
365
traces = e.Data[
prevStackTraces
] as List<StackTrace>;


| MUED-Music Education |
| NR |
13575 |
MUED |
1310 |
001 |
24M |
1.000 |
Woodwind Techniques I |
MW |
10:20 am-11:15 am |
12 |
4 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Martin I Gaines (P) |
01/17-05/04 |
SFA 205 |
Credit from 4-Year College |
| C |
11469 |
MUED |
1320 |
001 |
24M |
1.000 |
Percussion Techniques |
MWF |
10:20 am-11:15 am |
20 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Brian S Mueller (P) |
01/17-05/04 |
WMB 173 |
Credit from 4-Year College |
| NR |
17059 |
MUED |
1500 |
001 |
24M |
1.000 |
Beginning Band Methods |
MW |
08:00 am-08:55 am |
20 |
14 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Christopher K Dye (P) |
01/17-05/04 |
SFA 101 |
Credit from 4-Year College |
| C |
17060 |
MUED |
1500 |
002 |
24M |
1.000 |
Beginning Band Methods |
TR |
01:00 pm-01:55 pm |
20 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Christopher K Dye (P) |
01/17-05/04 |
SFA 205 |
Credit from 4-Year College |
| NR |
11470 |
MUED |
2000 |
001 |
24M |
2.000 |
Philosophy and Introduction to Music Education |
TR |
09:40 am-11:05 am |
20 |
8 |
12 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Jamila LeAnn McWhirter (P) |
01/17-05/04 |
SFA 301 |
Credit from 4-Year College |
| NR |
11471 |
MUED |
2310 |
001 |
24M |
1.000 |
Choral Music Lab |
F |
11:30 am-12:25 pm |
33 |
2 |
31 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Angela Roselle Tipps (P) |
01/17-05/04 |
SFA 117 |
Credit from 4-Year College |
| NR |
11472 |
MUED |
2320 |
001 |
24M |
1.000 |
Instrumental Music Lab |
M |
11:30 am-12:25 pm |
80 |
15 |
65 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Raymond D Thomas (P) |
01/17-05/04 |
SFA 101 |
Credit from 4-Year College |
| NR |
13018 |
MUED |
2320 |
002 |
24M |
1.000 |
Instrumental Music Lab |
M |
07:30 pm-09:15 pm |
75 |
21 |
54 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Charles A Kennedy (P) |
01/17-05/04 |
TBA TBA |
Credit from 4-Year College |
| NR |
15671 |
MUED |
3190 |
001 |
24M |
3.000 |
General Music in the Middle and Senior High School |
MWF |
12:40 pm-01:35 pm |
30 |
4 |
26 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Jennifer Elizabeth Vannatta-Hall (P) |
01/17-05/04 |
SFA 303 |
Credit from 4-Year College and Upper-Division Work |
| NR |
11473 |
MUED |
3200 |
001 |
24M |
3.000 |
Music in the Elementary Grades for Music Majors |
TR |
08:00 am-09:25 am |
25 |
10 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Susan Clapp Ramsay (P) |
01/17-05/04 |
SFA 303 |
Credit from 4-Year College and Upper-Division Work |
| NR |
11475 |
MUED |
3230 |
001 |
24M |
3.000 |
Instrumental Materials |
MWF |
10:20 am-11:15 am |
25 |
16 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Craig Steven Cornish (P), Christopher K Dye |
01/17-05/04 |
SFA 208 |
Credit from 4-Year College and Upper-Division Work |
| C |
11476 |
MUED |
3310 |
001 |
24M |
1.000 |
Woodwind Techniques II |
MW |
08:00 am-08:55 am |
12 |
14 |
-2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Rebecca Lynn Murphy (P), Kathryn June Frazier |
01/17-05/04 |
SFA 117 |
Credit from 4-Year College and Upper-Division Work |
| C |
15697 |
MUED |
4670 |
001 |
24M |
3.000 |
Music for the Young Child |
TR |
09:40 am-11:05 am |
24 |
24 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Jennifer Elizabeth Vannatta-Hall (P) |
01/17-05/04 |
SFA 303 |
Credit from 4-Year College and Upper-Division Work |
| NR |
14488 |
MUED |
4680 |
001 |
24M |
0.000 |
Music Education Seminar |
|
TBA |
5 |
1 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Christopher K Dye (P) |
01/17-05/04 |
TBA TBA |
Credit from 4-Year College and Upper-Division Work |
| NR |
11477 |
MUED |
6621 |
001 |
24M |
3.000 |
Music Education Research Project |
|
TBA |
5 |
2 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Jamila LeAnn McWhirter (P) |
01/17-05/04 |
TBA TBA |
|
| NR |
14602 |
MUED |
6632 |
001 |
24M |
3.000 |
Contemporary Issues and Research in Music Education |
T |
04:30 pm-07:30 pm |
8 |
2 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Jamila LeAnn McWhirter (P) |
01/17-05/04 |
SFA 205 |
|


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Sep 30 Video / Flash Game / Help! - (Baltimore)
Sep 30 Adobe Flash Web Development -
Sep 29 Need JavaScript / Flash developer - (Charlotte, NC)
Sep 29 Flash my Iphone ! -
Sep 26 Weekly pay,Flexible hours - (NE FL) img
Sep 26 Roadside representatives, weekly pay, flexible hours - (NE FL) img
Sep 26 Looking to network with a web designer with amazing flash skills - (Coaldale PA)
Sep 25 Web Developer (Flex) - (Southern, NH)
Sep 24 flash designer for simple music video - (central nj)
Sep 24 Web Developer for Gay Adult Site - (SWFL)
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Oct 30 Need Someone Who Knows Flash - (Katy)
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Oct 23 fireworks/flashbuilder/ frontend javascript amazing startup -
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Oct 23 fireworks/flashbuilder/ frontend javascript amazing startup -
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Nov 03 Convert flash site to html5 - (Anywhere)
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31 Oct Korean WEB SEARCH EVALUATORS --(Virtual/Flexible) -
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03 Nov HTML 5 and Flash Professional - (Metro Vancouver)
01 Nov Flash site needed -


From Data to Viz is a classification of chart types based on input data format. It comes in the form of a decision tree leading to a set of potentially appropriate visualizations to represent the dataset.
The project is built on two underlying philosophies. First, that most data analysis can be summarized in about twenty different dataset formats. Second, that both data and context determine the appropriate chart.
Thus, our suggested method consists in identifying and trying all feasible chart types to find out which suits your data and idea best.
Once this set of graphics is identified, data-to-viz.com aims to guide you toward the best decision. It also provides a list of common caveats to avoid and always provides a reproducible code snippet in the R programming language.
Dataviz is a world with endless possibilities and this project does not claim to be exhaustive. However, it should provide you with a good starting point.
Data to viz is based on a bootstrap template and hosted on github. Logos, trees and poster have been made by Conor Healy and animated using CSS and D3.js.
The vast majority of the pages of this website are built using R Markdown with the R studio IDE. Dataset used in example are all listed in this github repository.


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This application lets you explore a phylogenetic tree.
Arbor
Arbor Tree Explorer
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Arbor Collection:
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Show Charts on All Nodes
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Loose Women viewers mock presenters as they perform song live on air
Stick to the day job ladies
by Paul HironsViewers of Loose Women got more than they bargained for when today's panel broke out into song at the end of the episode (15.11.19).
Andrea McLean, Saira Khan, Nadia Sawalha and Denise Welch all formed their very own 'Loose Choir' to bash out a version of This Is Me.
But viewers were in stitches at their 'tone-deaf' effort.
Read more: Denise Welch stuns Loose Women audience as show bosses shush her over royal gossip
They ladies welcomed in choirmaster Gareth Malone as a guest.
Gareth, 44, came onto the show to talk about how music can heal, and also to whip the panel into shape for its singing debut.
During the interview, Nadia asked him: "Do you think anyone can sing? Is there such a thing as tone-deaf?"
"I'm not a magician," he joked.
As the panel belted out a version of This Is Me from the film, The Greatest Showman, it didn't take long for fans to comment on Twitter.
Read more: Stacey Solomon reveals her most embarrassing wardrobe malfunction
One viewer wrote: "The only record they deserve is a criminal record."
While another responded, "Gareth, you are right, some are tone-deaf."
Leave us a comment on our Facebook page @EntertainmentDailyFix and let us know what you think of this story.


Calculates the boundary-layer growth over an elliptical airfoil assuming a non-viscous fluid. For these geometries, a potential-flow closed-form solution can be obtained. We assume that the boundary layer growth begins at a stagnation point.
Calculates boundary layer growth on an airfoil (modeled as an ellipse), beginning at a stagnation point. Uses Thwaite's method for the laminar flow region, Michel's method to correct transition, and Head's method for the turbulent flow region.


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--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
After 27 years of not accomplishing what I truly want, I am now turning things around. My health has never been better after switching to primarily eating fruits and vegetables. After getting into the habit of good diet, I started working out to eventually do an Ironman triathlon. After a couple of month of doing that, I learned to keep going with any task even though it might be hard, hurt, or seem achievable. Working out also taught me anything IS achievable with the power of persistence. Never giving up is key to success. And know I am wanting t be a great coder. I will persist until my goals are a reality!


See
Beanpole
1945, Leningrad. World War II has devastated the city. Two young women, Iya and Masha, search for meaning and hope in the struggle to rebuild their lives amongst the ruins.
Watch Beanpole on MubiListen
Russian Feminism
For this Russia Z edition of The Calvert Journal podcast, writer and curator Anastasiia Fedorova talks to activist and DJ Lölja Nordic, researcher and activist Sasha Alekseeva, and artist Maria Gorodetskaya about the new wave of Russian feminism and its place in global debates around gender equality.
Russia Z Feminism podcast on SoundcloudTaste
A summer picnic
Check out Alissa Timoshkina's picnic recipes - all vegetarian!
Four Russian picnic recipes


--- layout: post title: The mobile industry must change its retail model date: 2006-08-21 00:00:00 categories: business mobile ---
The mobile industry must change its retail model: ""There are more publishers and developers coming to market, but the pool of users is not growing. If people were more worried about the 90 per cent of consumers that haven’t played a mobile game before, then everyone would reap the benefits.""
Cough casual gaming cough.
Cough cheap pay-per-play models cough.
Cough long-term relationships with customers cough.
Cough Puzzler Mobile cough.


References¶
- ABDW15
Rebecca Allen, Simon Burgess, Russell Davidson, and Frank Windmeijer. More reliable inference for the dissimilarity index of segregation. The econometrics journal, 18(1):40–66, 2015.
- CT97
William J Carrington and Kenneth R Troske. On measuring segregation in samples with small units. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 15(4):402–409, 1997.
- FR16
David C Folch and Sergio J Rey. The centralization index: a measure of local spatial segregation. Papers in Regional Science, 95(3):555–576, 2016.
- HOSullivanS14
Seong-Yun Hong, David O’Sullivan, and Yukio Sadahiro. Implementing spatial segregation measures in r. PloS one, 9(11):e113767, 2014.
- HS14
Seong-Yun Hong and Yukio Sadahiro. Measuring geographic segregation: a graph-based approach. Journal of Geographical Systems, 16(2):211–231, 2014.
- Isa67
Walter Isard. Methods of regional analysis. Volume 4. Рипол Классик, 1967.
- MD88
Douglas S Massey and Nancy A Denton. The dimensions of residential segregation. Social forces, 67(2):281–315, 1988.
- Mor83
Barrie S Morgan. A distance-decay based interaction index to measure residential segregation. Area, pages 211–217, 1983.
- Mor91
Richard L Morrill. On the measure of geographic segregation. In Geography research forum, volume 11, 25–36. 1991.
- OSullivanW07
David O’Sullivan and David W. S. Wong. A surface-based approach to measuring spatial segregation. Geographical Analysis, 39(2):147–168, 2007. URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00699.x, doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00699.x.
- Rea98
Sean F Reardon. Measures of racial diversity and segregation in multigroup and hierarchically structured populations. In annual meeting of the Eastern Sociological Society, Philadelphia, PA. 1998.
- RF02
Sean F Reardon and Glenn Firebaugh. Measures of multigroup segregation. Sociological methodology, 32(1):33–67, 2002.
- ROSullivan04
Sean F Reardon and David O’Sullivan. Measures of spatial segregation. Sociological methodology, 34(1):121–162, 2004.
- Rob15
Elizabeth Roberto. The divergence index: a decomposable measure of segregation and inequality. arXiv preprint arXiv:1508.01167, 2015.
- Sak81
James M Sakoda. A generalized index of dissimilarity. Demography, 18(2):245–250, 1981.
- Sim49
Edward H Simpson. Measurement of diversity. nature, 163(4148):688, 1949.
- The72
Henry Theil. Statistical decomposition analysis; with applications in the social and administrative sciences. London North-Holland, 1972.
- Tiv19
Mihai Tivadar. Oasisr: an r package to bring some order to the world of segregation measurement. Journal of Statistical Software, 89(7):1–39, 2019.
- Won93
David WS Wong. Spatial indices of segregation. Urban studies, 30(3):559–572, 1993.


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I'm a web developer with hands on experience building full stack web applications using Ruby on Rails. I love learning new technologies and value growth over comfort. I have experience practicing agile development, object oriented programming, and using both git and svn as version control.
I am currently freelancing at a digital advertising agency and work closely with front end technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to build responsive websites and emails.
sihong.huang31@gmail.com


Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt
Eiffel Tower, Paris
Grand Palace, Bangkok
Mount Fuji, Japan
The Strip, Las Vegas
Burj Khalifa, Dubai, United Arab Emirates


This is a template for a simple marketing or informational website. It includes a large callout called a jumbotron and three supporting pieces of content. Use it as a starting point to create something more unique.
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