Generalized Least Squares¶
from __future__ import print_function
import statsmodels.api as sm
import numpy as np
from statsmodels.iolib.table import (SimpleTable, default_txt_fmt)
The Longley dataset is a time series dataset:
data = sm.datasets.longley.load()
data.exog = sm.add_constant(data.exog)
print(data.exog[:5])
Let's assume that the data is heteroskedastic and that we know
the nature of the heteroskedasticity. We can then define
sigma
and use it to give us a GLS model
First we will obtain the residuals from an OLS fit
ols_resid = sm.OLS(data.endog, data.exog).fit().resid
Assume that the error terms follow an AR(1) process with a trend:
$\epsilon_i = \beta_0 + \rho\epsilon_{i-1} + \eta_i$
where $\eta \sim N(0,\Sigma^2)$
and that $\rho$ is simply the correlation of the residual a consistent estimator for rho is to regress the residuals on the lagged residuals
resid_fit = sm.OLS(ols_resid[1:], sm.add_constant(ols_resid[:-1])).fit()
print(resid_fit.tvalues[1])
print(resid_fit.pvalues[1])
While we don't have strong evidence that the errors follow an AR(1) process we continue
rho = resid_fit.params[1]
As we know, an AR(1) process means that near-neighbors have a stronger relation so we can give this structure by using a toeplitz matrix
from scipy.linalg import toeplitz
toeplitz(range(5))
order = toeplitz(range(len(ols_resid)))
so that our error covariance structure is actually rho**order which defines an autocorrelation structure
sigma = rho**order
gls_model = sm.GLS(data.endog, data.exog, sigma=sigma)
gls_results = gls_model.fit()
Of course, the exact rho in this instance is not known so it it might make more sense to use feasible gls, which currently only has experimental support.
We can use the GLSAR model with one lag, to get to a similar result:
glsar_model = sm.GLSAR(data.endog, data.exog, 1)
glsar_results = glsar_model.iterative_fit(1)
print(glsar_results.summary())
Comparing gls and glsar results, we see that there are some small differences in the parameter estimates and the resulting standard errors of the parameter estimate. This might be do to the numerical differences in the algorithm, e.g. the treatment of initial conditions, because of the small number of observations in the longley dataset.
print(gls_results.params)
print(glsar_results.params)
print(gls_results.bse)
print(glsar_results.bse)


QCameraZoomControl Class
The QCameraZoomControl class supplies control for optical and digital camera zoom. More...
| Header: | #include <QCameraZoomControl> |
| qmake: | QT += multimedia |
| Inherits: | QMediaControl |
Public Functions
| ~QCameraZoomControl() | |
| virtual qreal | currentDigitalZoom() const = 0 |
| virtual qreal | currentOpticalZoom() const = 0 |
| virtual qreal | maximumDigitalZoom() const = 0 |
| virtual qreal | maximumOpticalZoom() const = 0 |
| virtual qreal | requestedDigitalZoom() const = 0 |
| virtual qreal | requestedOpticalZoom() const = 0 |
| virtual void | zoomTo(qreal optical, qreal digital) = 0 |
- 32 public functions inherited from QObject
Signals
| void | currentDigitalZoomChanged(qreal zoom) |
| void | currentOpticalZoomChanged(qreal zoom) |
| void | maximumDigitalZoomChanged(qreal zoom) |
| void | maximumOpticalZoomChanged(qreal zoom) |
| void | requestedDigitalZoomChanged(qreal zoom) |
| void | requestedOpticalZoomChanged(qreal zoom) |
- 2 signals inherited from QObject
Protected Functions
| QCameraZoomControl(QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR) |
- 9 protected functions inherited from QObject
Macros
Additional Inherited Members
- 1 property inherited from QObject
- 1 public slot inherited from QObject
- 1 public variable inherited from QObject
- 10 static public members inherited from QObject
- 2 protected variables inherited from QObject
Detailed Description
The QCameraZoomControl class supplies control for optical and digital camera zoom.
The interface name of QCameraZoomControl is org.qt-project.qt.camerazoomcontrol/5.0
as defined in QCameraZoomControl_iid.
See also QMediaService::requestControl() and QCamera.
Member Function Documentation
[protected]
QCameraZoomControl::QCameraZoomControl(QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR)
Constructs a camera zoom control object with parent.
QCameraZoomControl::~QCameraZoomControl()
Destruct the camera zoom control object.
[pure virtual]
qreal QCameraZoomControl::currentDigitalZoom() const
Return the current digital zoom value.
[signal]
void QCameraZoomControl::currentDigitalZoomChanged(qreal zoom)
Signal emitted when the current digital zoom value changed.
[pure virtual]
qreal QCameraZoomControl::currentOpticalZoom() const
Return the current optical zoom value.
[signal]
void QCameraZoomControl::currentOpticalZoomChanged(qreal zoom)
Signal emitted when the current optical zoom value changed.
[pure virtual]
qreal QCameraZoomControl::maximumDigitalZoom() const
Returns the maximum digital zoom value, or 1.0 if digital zoom is not supported.
[signal]
void QCameraZoomControl::maximumDigitalZoomChanged(qreal zoom)
Signal emitted when the maximum supported digital zoom value changed.
The maximum supported zoom value can depend on other camera settings, like capture mode or resolution.
[pure virtual]
qreal QCameraZoomControl::maximumOpticalZoom() const
Returns the maximum optical zoom value, or 1.0 if optical zoom is not supported.
[signal]
void QCameraZoomControl::maximumOpticalZoomChanged(qreal zoom)
Signal emitted when the maximum supported optical zoom value changed.
The maximum supported zoom value can depend on other camera settings, like focusing mode.
[pure virtual]
qreal QCameraZoomControl::requestedDigitalZoom() const
Return the requested digital zoom value.
[signal]
void QCameraZoomControl::requestedDigitalZoomChanged(qreal zoom)
Signal emitted when the requested digital zoom value changed.
[pure virtual]
qreal QCameraZoomControl::requestedOpticalZoom() const
Return the requested optical zoom value.
[signal]
void QCameraZoomControl::requestedOpticalZoomChanged(qreal zoom)
Signal emitted when the requested optical zoom value changed.
[pure virtual]
void QCameraZoomControl::zoomTo(qreal optical, qreal digital)
Sets optical and digital zoom values.
Zooming can be asynchronous with value changes reported with currentDigitalZoomChanged() and currentOpticalZoomChanged() signals.
The backend should expect and correctly handle frequent zoomTo() calls during zoom animations or slider movements.
Macro Documentation
QCameraZoomControl_iid
org.qt-project.qt.camerazoomcontrol/5.0
Defines the interface name of the QCameraZoomControl class.


The main critique for version 1 was a lack of motion, since images are static references on the objects. I started to read into Lindenmayer systems and how they are used to effectively "program nature".
I was able to extract a portion of the L-system in order to create a "stub" of a plant, but ran into some complexity issue with "adding" to the system from a node point. If you look closely it runs in a clockwise motion.


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This documentation assumes that you are already familiar with TypeScript, Expressjs and also some of the tools from the latest
standards such as classes and modules. The code samples are written using TypeScript (can be written with the latest
JavaScript) and using
decorators for metadata.
Dinoloop is built on top of async-await, so please make sure your Node.js installed version supports
Async and
Promise. Dinoloop uses express.Router extensively for API routing, so install a recent version of Express.js that
supports
express.Router. The following is a list of the versions we have tested. Please direct any issues to
github to help the community.
-
Node.js 8.10.x or higher
-
Expressjs 4.3.x or higher
-
TypeScript 2.2.x or higher
1. Starter project without DI framework
$ git clone https://github.com/ParallelTask/dinoloop-starter.git
$ cd dinoloop-starter
$ npm install
$ npm start
2. Starter project with Inversifyjs DI framework
$ git clone https://github.com/ParallelTask/dinoloop-inversify-starter.git
$ cd dinoloop-inversify-starter
$ npm install
$ npm start
Navigate to
http://localhost:8088/api/home/get in browser. You should be able to see the "Hello World!" response
3. Build a
basic CRUD application without cloning starter


Black Theme
by
@bettyRobaina
GitHub
// this is a sample code
Stack Overflow
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Developed by
Yulio Aleman Jimenez
© 2018


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block page_title %} Registered Traveller {% endblock %} {% block content %} Back Sign out Which of these do you have? Select which of these applies to you Indefinite leave to remain Naturalisation Right of abode EEA indefinite leave UK ancestry EEA family permit Family member discretionary leave Humanitarian protection Leave outside the rules Continue {% endblock %}


Returns the main content type
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1438 def main_type has_content_type? ? header[:content_type].main_type : nil rescue nil end
The Message class provides a single point of access to all things to do with an email message.
You create a new email message by calling the Mail::Message.new method, or just Mail.new
A Message object by default has the following objects inside it:
A Header object which contains all information and settings of the header of the email
Body object which contains all parts of the email that are not part of the header, this includes any attachments, body text, MIME parts etc.
2.1. General Description At the most basic level, a message is a series of characters. A message that is conformant with this standard is comprised of characters with values in the range 1 through 127 and interpreted as US-ASCII characters [ASCII]. For brevity, this document sometimes refers to this range of characters as simply "US-ASCII characters". Note: This standard specifies that messages are made up of characters in the US-ASCII range of 1 through 127. There are other documents, specifically the MIME document series [RFC2045, RFC2046, RFC2047, RFC2048, RFC2049], that extend this standard to allow for values outside of that range. Discussion of those mechanisms is not within the scope of this standard. Messages are divided into lines of characters. A line is a series of characters that is delimited with the two characters carriage-return and line-feed; that is, the carriage return (CR) character (ASCII value 13) followed immediately by the line feed (LF) character (ASCII value 10). (The carriage-return/line-feed pair is usually written in this document as "CRLF".) A message consists of header fields (collectively called "the header of the message") followed, optionally, by a body. The header is a sequence of lines of characters with special syntax as defined in this standard. The body is simply a sequence of characters that follows the header and is separated from the header by an empty line (i.e., a line with nothing preceding the CRLF).
If you assign a delivery handler, mail will call :deliver_mail on the object you assign to delivery_handler, it will pass itself as the single argument.
If you define a delivery_handler, then you are responsible for the following actions in the delivery cycle:
Appending the mail object to Mail.deliveries as you see fit.
Checking the mail.perform_deliveries flag to decide if you should actually call :deliver! the mail object or not.
Checking the mail.raise_delivery_errors flag to decide if you should raise delivery errors if they occur.
Actually calling :deliver! (with the bang) on the mail object to get it to deliver itself.
A simplest implementation of a delivery_handler would be
class MyObject def initialize @mail = Mail.new('To<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@mail.delivery_handler = self end attr_accessor :mail def deliver_mail(mail) yield end end
Then doing:
obj = MyObject.new obj.mail.deliver
Would cause Mail to call obj.deliver_mail passing itself as a parameter, which then can just yield and let Mail do it’s own private do_delivery method.
If set to false, mail will go through the motions of doing a delivery, but not actually call the delivery method or append the mail object to the Mail.deliveries collection. Useful for testing.
Mail.deliveries.size #=> 0 mail.delivery_method :smtp mail.perform_deliveries = false mail.deliver # Mail::SMTP not called here Mail.deliveries.size #=> 0
If you want to test and query the Mail.deliveries collection to see what mail you sent, you should set perform_deliveries to true and use the :test mail delivery_method:
Mail.deliveries.size #=> 0 mail.delivery_method :test mail.perform_deliveries = true mail.deliver Mail.deliveries.size #=> 1
This setting is ignored by mail (though still available as a flag) if you define a delivery_handler
If set to false, mail will silently catch and ignore any exceptions raised through attempting to deliver an email.
This setting is ignored by mail (though still available as a flag) if you define a delivery_handler
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1770 def self.from_hash(hash) Mail::Message.new(hash) end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1748 def self.from_yaml(str) hash = YAML.load(str) m = self.new(:headers => hash['headers']) hash.delete('headers') hash.each do |k,v| case when k == 'delivery_handler' begin m.delivery_handler = Object.const_get(v) unless v.blank? rescue NameError end when k == 'transport_encoding' m.transport_encoding(v) when k == 'multipart_body' v.map {|part| m.add_part Mail::Part.from_yaml(part) } when k =~ /^@/ m.instance_variable_set(k.to_sym, v) end end m end
You can make an new mail object via a block, passing a string, file or direct assignment.
mail = Mail.new do from<EMAIL_ADDRESS>to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>subject 'This is a test email' body File.read('body.txt') end mail.to_s #=> "From<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail = Mail.new("To<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Hello\r\n\r\nHi there!") mail.body.to_s #=> 'Hi there!' mail.subject #=> 'Hello' mail.to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail = Mail.read('path/to/file.eml') mail.body.to_s #=> 'Hi there!' mail.subject #=> 'Hello' mail.to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>You can assign values to a mail object via four approaches:
Examples:
mail = Mail.new mail['from'] =<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail[:to] =<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.subject 'This is a test email' mail.body = 'This is a body' mail.to_s #=> "From<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 99 def initialize(*args, &block) @body = nil @body_raw = nil @separate_parts = false @text_part = nil @html_part = nil @errors = nil @header = nil @charset = 'UTF-8' @defaulted_charset = true @perform_deliveries = true @raise_delivery_errors = true @delivery_handler = nil @delivery_method = Mail.delivery_method.dup @transport_encoding = Mail::Encodings.get_encoding('7bit') @mark_for_delete = false if args.flatten.first.respond_to?(:each_pair) init_with_hash(args.flatten.first) else init_with_string(args.flatten[0].to_s.strip) end if block_given? instance_eval(&block) end self end
Provides the operator needed for sort et al.
Compares this mail object with another mail object, this is done by date, so an email that is older than another will appear first.
Example:
mail1 = Mail.new do date(Time.now) end mail2 = Mail.new do date(Time.now - 86400) # 1 day older end [mail2, mail1].sort #=> [mail2, mail1]
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 309 def <=>(other) if other.nil? 1 else self.date <=> other.date end end
Two emails are the same if they have the same fields and body contents. One gotcha here is that Mail will insert Message-IDs when calling encoded, so doing mail1.encoded == mail2.encoded is most probably not going to return what you think as the assigned Message-IDs by Mail (if not already defined as the same) will ensure that the two objects are unique, and this comparison will ALWAYS return false.
So the == operator has been defined like so: Two messages are the same if they have the same content, ignoring the Message-ID field, unless BOTH emails have a defined and different Message-ID value, then they are false.
So, in practice the == operator works like this:
m1 = Mail.new("Subject: Hello\r\n\r\nHello") m2 = Mail.new("Subject: Hello\r\n\r\nHello") m1 == m2 #=> true m1 = Mail.new("Subject: Hello\r\n\r\nHello") m2 = Mail.new("Message-ID: <1234@test>\r\nSubject: Hello\r\n\r\nHello") m1 == m2 #=> true m1 = Mail.new("Message-ID: <1234@test>\r\nSubject: Hello\r\n\r\nHello") m2 = Mail.new("Subject: Hello\r\n\r\nHello") m1 == m2 #=> true m1 = Mail.new("Message-ID: <1234@test>\r\nSubject: Hello\r\n\r\nHello") m2 = Mail.new("Message-ID: <1234@test>\r\nSubject: Hello\r\n\r\nHello") m1 == m2 #=> true m1 = Mail.new("Message-ID: <1234@test>\r\nSubject: Hello\r\n\r\nHello") m2 = Mail.new("Message-ID: <DIFFERENT@test>\r\nSubject: Hello\r\n\r\nHello") m1 == m2 #=> false
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 348 def ==(other) return false unless other.respond_to?(:encoded) if self.message_id && other.message_id result = (self.encoded == other.encoded) else self_message_id, other_message_id = self.message_id, other.message_id self.message_id, other.message_id = '<temp@test>', '<temp@test>' result = self.encoded == other.encoded self.message_id = "<#{self_message_id}>" if self_message_id other.message_id = "<#{other_message_id}>" if other_message_id result end end
Allows you to read an arbitrary header
Example:
mail['foo'] = '1234' mail['foo'].to_s #=> '1234'
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1233 def [](name) header[underscoreize(name)] end
Allows you to add an arbitrary header
Example:
mail['foo'] = '1234' mail['foo'].to_s #=> '1234'
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1215 def []=(name, value) if name.to_s == 'body' self.body = value elsif name.to_s =~ /content[-_]type/ header[name] = value elsif name.to_s == 'charset' self.charset = value else header[name] = value end end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1482 def action delivery_status_part and delivery_status_part.action end
Adds a content type and charset if the body is US-ASCII
Otherwise raises a warning
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1376 def add_charset if !body.empty? # Only give a warning if this isn't an attachment, has non US-ASCII and the user # has not specified an encoding explicitly. if @defaulted_charset && body.raw_source.not_ascii_only? && !self.attachment? warning = "Non US-ASCII detected and no charset defined.\nDefaulting to UTF-8, set your own if this is incorrect.\n" STDERR.puts(warning) end header[:content_type].parameters['charset'] = @charset end end
Adds a content transfer encoding
Otherwise raises a warning
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1391 def add_content_transfer_encoding if body.only_us_ascii? header[:content_transfer_encoding] = '7bit' else warning = "Non US-ASCII detected and no content-transfer-encoding defined.\nDefaulting to 8bit, set your own if this is incorrect.\n" STDERR.puts(warning) header[:content_transfer_encoding] = '8bit' end end
Adds a content type and charset if the body is US-ASCII
Otherwise raises a warning
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1369 def add_content_type header[:content_type] = 'text/plain' end
Creates a new empty Date field and inserts it in the correct order into the Header. The DateField object will automatically generate DateTime.now’s date if you try and encode it or output it to_s without specifying a date yourself.
It will preserve any date you specify if you do.
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1352 def add_date(date_val = '') header['date'] = date_val end
Adds a file to the message. You have two options with this method, you can just pass in the absolute path to the file you want and Mail will read the file, get the filename from the path you pass in and guess the MIME media type, or you can pass in the filename as a string, and pass in the file content as a blob.
Example:
m = Mail.new m.add_file('/path/to/filename.png') m = Mail.new m.add_file(:filename => 'filename.png', :content => File.read('/path/to/file.jpg'))
Note also that if you add a file to an existing message, Mail will convert that message to a MIME multipart email, moving whatever plain text body you had into it’s own text plain part.
Example:
m = Mail.new do body 'this is some text' end m.multipart? #=> false m.add_file('/path/to/filename.png') m.multipart? #=> true m.parts.first.content_type.content_type #=> 'text/plain' m.parts.last.content_type.content_type #=> 'image/png'
See also attachments
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1663 def add_file(values) convert_to_multipart unless self.multipart? || self.body.decoded.blank? add_multipart_mixed_header if values.is_a?(String) basename = File.basename(values) filedata = File.open(values, 'rb') { |f| f.read } else basename = values[:filename] filedata = values[:content] || File.open(values[:filename], 'rb') { |f| f.read } end self.attachments[basename] = filedata end
Creates a new empty Message-ID field and inserts it in the correct order into the Header. The MessageIdField object will automatically generate a unique message ID if you try and encode it or output it to_s without specifying a message id.
It will preserve the message ID you specify if you do.
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1342 def add_message_id(msg_id_val = '') header['message-id'] = msg_id_val end
Creates a new empty Mime Version field and inserts it in the correct order into the Header. The MimeVersion object will automatically generate set itself to ‘1.0’ if you try and encode it or output it to_s without specifying a version yourself.
It will preserve any date you specify if you do.
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1362 def add_mime_version(ver_val = '') header['mime-version'] = ver_val end
Adds a part to the parts list or creates the part list
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1607 def add_part(part) if !body.multipart? && !self.body.decoded.blank? @text_part = Mail::Part.new('Content-Type: text/plain;') @text_part.body = body.decoded self.body << @text_part add_multipart_alternate_header end add_boundary self.body << part end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1823 def all_parts parts.map { |p| [p, p.all_parts] }.flatten end
Returns the attachment data if there is any
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1814 def attachment @attachment end
Returns true if this part is an attachment, false otherwise.
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1809 def attachment? !!find_attachment end
Returns an AttachmentsList object, which holds all of the attachments in the receiver object (either the entier email or a part within) and all of it’s descendants.
It also allows you to add attachments to the mail object directly, like so:
mail.attachments['filename.jpg'] = File.read('/path/to/filename.jpg')
If you do this, then Mail will take the file name and work out the MIME media type set the Content-Type, Content-Disposition, Content-Transfer-Encoding and base64 encode the contents of the attachment all for you.
You can also specify overrides if you want by passing a hash instead of a string:
mail.attachments['filename.jpg'] = {:mime_type => 'application/x-gzip', :content => File.read('/path/to/filename.jpg')}
If you want to use a different encoding than Base64, you can pass an encoding in, but then it is up to you to pass in the content pre-encoded, and don’t expect Mail to know how to decode this data:
file_content = SpecialEncode(File.read('/path/to/filename.jpg')) mail.attachments['filename.jpg'] = {:mime_type => 'application/x-gzip', :encoding => 'SpecialEncoding', :content => file_content }
You can also search for specific attachments:
# By Filename mail.attachments['filename.jpg'] #=> Mail::Part object or nil # or by index mail.attachments[0] #=> Mail::Part (first attachment)
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1550 def attachments parts.attachments end
Returns the Bcc value of the mail object as an array of strings of address specs.
Example:
mail.bcc = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.bcc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.bcc = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.bcc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Also allows you to set the value by passing a value as a parameter
Example:
mail.bcc 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.bcc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Additionally, you can append new addresses to the returned Array like object.
Example:
mail.bcc 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.bcc <<<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.bcc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 474 def bcc( val = nil ) default :bcc, val end
Sets the Bcc value of the mail object, pass in a string of the field
Example:
mail.bcc = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.bcc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.bcc = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.bcc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 486 def bcc=( val ) header[:bcc] = val end
Returns an array of addresses (the encoded value) in the Bcc field, if no Bcc field, returns an empty array
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1205 def bcc_addrs bcc ? [bcc].flatten : [] end
Returns the body of the message object. Or, if passed a parameter sets the value.
Example:
mail = Mail::Message.new('To: mikel\r\n\r\nThis is the body') mail.body #=> #<Mail::Body:0x13919c @raw_source="This is the bo... mail.body 'This is another body' mail.body #=> #<Mail::Body:0x13919c @raw_source="This is anothe...
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1149 def body(value = nil) if value self.body = value # add_encoding_to_body else process_body_raw if @body_raw @body end end
Sets the body object of the message object.
Example:
mail.body = 'This is the body' mail.body #=> #<Mail::Body:0x13919c @raw_source="This is the bo...
You can also reset the body of an Message object by setting body to nil
Example:
mail.body = 'this is the body' mail.body.encoded #=> 'this is the body' mail.body = nil mail.body.encoded #=> ''
If you try and set the body of an email that is a multipart email, then instead of deleting all the parts of your email, mail will add a text/plain part to your email:
mail.add_file 'somefilename.png' mail.parts.length #=> 1 mail.body = "This is a body" mail.parts.length #=> 2 mail.parts.last.content_type.content_type #=> 'This is a body'
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1135 def body=(value) body_lazy(value) end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1159 def body_encoding(value) if value.nil? body.encoding else body.encoding = value end end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1167 def body_encoding=(value) body.encoding = value end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1478 def bounced? delivery_status_part and delivery_status_part.bounced? end
Returns the current boundary for this message part
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1507 def boundary content_type_parameters ? content_type_parameters['boundary'] : nil end
Returns the Cc value of the mail object as an array of strings of address specs.
Example:
mail.cc = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.cc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.cc = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.cc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Also allows you to set the value by passing a value as a parameter
Example:
mail.cc 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.cc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Additionally, you can append new addresses to the returned Array like object.
Example:
mail.cc 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.cc <<<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.cc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 515 def cc( val = nil ) default :cc, val end
Sets the Cc value of the mail object, pass in a string of the field
Example:
mail.cc = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.cc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.cc = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.cc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 527 def cc=( val ) header[:cc] = val end
Returns an array of addresses (the encoded value) in the Cc field, if no Cc field, returns an empty array
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1199 def cc_addrs cc ? [cc].flatten : [] end
Returns the character set defined in the content type field
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1422 def charset if @header content_type ? content_type_parameters['charset'] : @charset else @charset end end
Sets the charset to the supplied value.
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1431 def charset=(value) @defaulted_charset = false @charset = value @header.charset = value end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 535 def comments=( val ) header[:comments] = val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 539 def content_description( val = nil ) default :content_description, val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 543 def content_description=( val ) header[:content_description] = val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 547 def content_disposition( val = nil ) default :content_disposition, val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 551 def content_disposition=( val ) header[:content_disposition] = val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 555 def content_id( val = nil ) default :content_id, val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 559 def content_id=( val ) header[:content_id] = val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 563 def content_location( val = nil ) default :content_location, val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 567 def content_location=( val ) header[:content_location] = val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 571 def content_transfer_encoding( val = nil ) default :content_transfer_encoding, val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 575 def content_transfer_encoding=( val ) header[:content_transfer_encoding] = val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 579 def content_type( val = nil ) default :content_type, val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 583 def content_type=( val ) header[:content_type] = val end
Returns the content type parameters
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1454 def content_type_parameters has_content_type? ? header[:content_type].parameters : nil rescue nil end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1676 def convert_to_multipart text = body.decoded self.body = '' text_part = Mail::Part.new({:content_type => 'text/plain;', :body => text}) text_part.charset = charset unless @defaulted_charset self.body << text_part end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 587 def date( val = nil ) default :date, val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 591 def date=( val ) header[:date] = val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1803 def decode_body body.decoded end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1782 def decoded case when self.text? decode_body_as_text when self.attachment? decode_body when !self.multipart? body.decoded else raise NoMethodError, 'Can not decode an entire message, try calling #decoded on the various fields and body or parts if it is a multipart message.' end end
Returns the default value of the field requested as a symbol.
Each header field has a :default method which returns the most common use case for that field, for example, the date field types will return a DateTime object when sent :default, the subject, or unstructured fields will return a decoded string of their value, the address field types will return a single addr_spec or an array of addr_specs if there is more than one.
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1102 def default( sym, val = nil ) if val header[sym] = val else header[sym].default if header[sym] end end
Delivers an mail object.
Examples:
mail = Mail.read('file.eml') mail.deliver
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 225 def deliver inform_interceptors if delivery_handler delivery_handler.deliver_mail(self) { do_delivery } else do_delivery end inform_observers self end
This method bypasses checking perform_deliveries and raise_delivery_errors, so use with caution.
It still however fires off the intercepters and calls the observers callbacks if they are defined.
Returns self
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 242 def deliver! inform_interceptors response = delivery_method.deliver!(self) inform_observers delivery_method.settings[:return_response] ? response : self end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 249 def delivery_method(method = nil, settings = {}) unless method @delivery_method else @delivery_method = Configuration.instance.lookup_delivery_method(method).new(settings) end end
returns the part in a multipart/report email that has the content-type delivery-status
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1474 def delivery_status_part @delivery_stats_part ||= parts.select { |p| p.delivery_status_report_part? }.first end
Returns true if the message is a multipart/report; report-type=delivery-status;
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1469 def delivery_status_report? multipart_report? && content_type_parameters['report-type'] =~ /^delivery-status$/ end
Returns the list of addresses this message should be sent to by collecting the addresses off the to, cc and bcc fields.
Example:
mail.to =<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.cc =<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.bcc =<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.destinations.length #=> 3 mail.destinations.first #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1181 def destinations [to_addrs, cc_addrs, bcc_addrs].compact.flatten end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1494 def diagnostic_code delivery_status_part and delivery_status_part.diagnostic_code end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1697 def encode! STDERR.puts("Deprecated in 1.1.0 in favour of :ready_to_send! as it is less confusing with encoding and decoding.") ready_to_send! end
Outputs an encoded string representation of the mail message including all headers, attachments, etc. This is an encoded email in US-ASCII, so it is able to be directly sent to an email server.
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1705 def encoded ready_to_send! buffer = header.encoded buffer << "\r\n" buffer << body.encoded(content_transfer_encoding) buffer end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 392 def envelope_date @envelope ? @envelope.date : nil end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 388 def envelope_from @envelope ? @envelope.from : nil end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1490 def error_status delivery_status_part and delivery_status_part.error_status end
Returns a list of parser errors on the header, each field that had an error will be reparsed as an unstructured field to preserve the data inside, but will not be used for further processing.
It returns a nested array of [field_name, value, original_error_message] per error found.
Example:
message = Mail.new("Content-Transfer-Encoding: weirdo\r\n") message.errors.size #=> 1 message.errors.first[0] #=> "Content-Transfer-Encoding" message.errors.first[1] #=> "weirdo" message.errors.first[3] #=> <The original error message exception>
This is a good first defence on detecting spam by the way. Some spammers send invalid emails to try and get email parsers to give up parsing them.
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 445 def errors header.errors end
Returns the filename of the attachment
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1819 def filename find_attachment end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1486 def final_recipient delivery_status_part and delivery_status_part.final_recipient end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1827 def find_first_mime_type(mt) all_parts.detect { |p| p.mime_type == mt && !p.attachment? } end
Returns the From value of the mail object as an array of strings of address specs.
Example:
mail.from = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.from #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.from = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.from #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Also allows you to set the value by passing a value as a parameter
Example:
mail.from 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.from #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Additionally, you can append new addresses to the returned Array like object.
Example:
mail.from 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.from <<<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.from #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 632 def from( val = nil ) default :from, val end
Sets the From value of the mail object, pass in a string of the field
Example:
mail.from = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.from #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.from = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.from #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 644 def from=( val ) header[:from] = val end
Returns an array of addresses (the encoded value) in the From field, if no From field, returns an empty array
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1187 def from_addrs from ? [from].flatten : [] end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1554 def has_attachments? !attachments.empty? end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1322 def has_charset? tmp = header[:content_type].parameters rescue nil !!(has_content_type? && tmp && tmp['charset']) end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1327 def has_content_transfer_encoding? header[:content_transfer_encoding] && header[:content_transfer_encoding].errors.blank? end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1317 def has_content_type? tmp = header[:content_type].main_type rescue nil !!tmp end
Returns true if the message has a Date field, the field may or may not have a value, but the field exists or not.
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1307 def has_date? header.has_date? end
Returns true if the message has a message ID field, the field may or may not have a value, but the field exists or not.
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1301 def has_message_id? header.has_message_id? end
Returns true if the message has a Date field, the field may or may not have a value, but the field exists or not.
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1313 def has_mime_version? header.has_mime_version? end
Returns the header object of the message object. Or, if passed a parameter sets the value.
Example:
mail = Mail::Message.new('To: mikel\r\nFrom: you') mail.header #=> #<Mail::Header:0x13ce14 @raw_source="To: mikel\r\nFr... mail.header #=> nil mail.header 'To: mikel\r\nFrom: you' mail.header #=> #<Mail::Header:0x13ce14 @raw_source="To: mikel\r\nFr...
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 417 def header(value = nil) value ? self.header = value : @header end
Sets the header of the message object.
Example:
mail.header = 'To<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.header #=> <#Mail::Header
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 402 def header=(value) @header = Mail::Header.new(value, charset) end
Returns an FieldList of all the fields in the header in the order that they appear in the header
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1295 def header_fields header.fields end
Provides a way to set custom headers, by passing in a hash
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 422 def headers(hash = {}) hash.each_pair do |k,v| header[k] = v end end
Accessor for html_part
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1559 def html_part(&block) if block_given? @html_part = Mail::Part.new(&block) add_multipart_alternate_header unless html_part.blank? add_part(@html_part) else @html_part || find_first_mime_type('text/html') end end
Helper to add a html part to a multipart/alternative email. If this and text_part are both defined in a message, then it will be a multipart/alternative message and set itself that way.
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1583 def html_part=(msg = nil) if msg @html_part = msg else @html_part = Mail::Part.new('Content-Type: text/html;') end add_multipart_alternate_header unless text_part.blank? add_part(@html_part) end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 648 def in_reply_to( val = nil ) default :in_reply_to, val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 652 def in_reply_to=( val ) header[:in_reply_to] = val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 215 def inform_interceptors Mail.inform_interceptors(self) end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 211 def inform_observers Mail.inform_observers(self) end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1778 def inspect "#<#{self.class}:#{self.object_id}, Multipart: #{multipart?}, Headers: #{header.field_summary}>" end
Returns whether message will be marked for deletion. If so, the message will be deleted at session close (i.e. after find exits), but only if also using the find_and_delete method, or by calling find with :delete_after_find set to true.
Side-note: Just to be clear, this method will return true even if the message hasn’t yet been marked for delete on the mail server. However, if this method returns true, it *will be* marked on the server after each block yields back to find or find_and_delete.
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1856 def is_marked_for_delete? return @mark_for_delete end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 656 def keywords( val = nil ) default :keywords, val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 660 def keywords=( val ) header[:keywords] = val end
Returns the main content type
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1438 def main_type has_content_type? ? header[:content_type].main_type : nil rescue nil end
Sets whether this message should be deleted at session close (i.e. after find). Message will only be deleted if messages are retrieved using the find_and_delete method, or by calling find with :delete_after_find set to true.
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1843 def mark_for_delete=(value = true) @mark_for_delete = value end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1416 def message_content_type STDERR.puts(":message_content_type is deprecated in Mail 1.4.3. Please use mime_type\n#{caller}") mime_type end
Returns the Message-ID of the mail object. Note, per RFC 2822 the Message ID consists of what is INSIDE the < > usually seen in the mail header, so this method will return only what is inside.
Example:
mail.message_id =<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.message_id #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Also allows you to set the Message-ID by passing a string as a parameter
mail.message_id<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.message_id #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 677 def message_id( val = nil ) default :message_id, val end
Sets the Message-ID. Note, per RFC 2822 the Message ID consists of what is INSIDE the < > usually seen in the mail header, so this method will return only what is inside.
mail.message_id =<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.message_id #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 686 def message_id=( val ) header[:message_id] = val end
Method Missing in this implementation allows you to set any of the standard fields directly as you would the “to”, “subject” etc.
Those fields used most often (to, subject et al) are given their own method for ease of documentation and also to avoid the hook call to method missing.
This will only catch the known fields listed in:
Mail::Field::KNOWN_FIELDS
as per RFC 2822, any ruby string or method name could pretty much be a field name, so we don’t want to just catch ANYTHING sent to a message object and interpret it as a header.
This method provides all three types of header call to set, read and explicitly set with the = operator
Examples:
mail.comments = 'These are some comments' mail.comments #=> 'These are some comments' mail.comments 'These are other comments' mail.comments #=> 'These are other comments' mail.date = 'Tue, 1 Jul 2003 10:52:37 +0200' mail.date.to_s #=> 'Tue, 1 Jul 2003 10:52:37 +0200' mail.date 'Tue, 1 Jul 2003 10:52:37 +0200' mail.date.to_s #=> 'Tue, 1 Jul 2003 10:52:37 +0200' mail.resent_msg_id =<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_msg_id #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_msg_id<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_msg_id #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1276 def method_missing(name, *args, &block) #:nodoc: # Only take the structured fields, as we could take _anything_ really # as it could become an optional field... "but therin lies the dark side" field_name = underscoreize(name).chomp("=") if Mail::Field::KNOWN_FIELDS.include?(field_name) if args.empty? header[field_name] else header[field_name] = args.first end else super # otherwise pass it on end #:startdoc: end
Returns the content type parameters
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1448 def mime_parameters STDERR.puts(':mime_parameters is deprecated in Mail 1.4.3, please use :content_type_parameters instead') content_type_parameters end
Returns the MIME media type of part we are on, this is taken from the content-type header
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1412 def mime_type content_type ? header[:content_type].string : nil rescue nil end
Returns the MIME version of the email as a string
Example:
mail.mime_version = '1.0' mail.mime_version #=> '1.0'
Also allows you to set the MIME version by passing a string as a parameter.
Example:
mail.mime_version '1.0' mail.mime_version #=> '1.0'
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 703 def mime_version( val = nil ) default :mime_version, val end
Sets the MIME version of the email by accepting a string
Example:
mail.mime_version = '1.0' mail.mime_version #=> '1.0'
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 713 def mime_version=( val ) header[:mime_version] = val end
Returns true if the message is multipart
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1459 def multipart? has_content_type? ? !!(main_type =~ /^multipart$/) : false end
Returns true if the message is a multipart/report
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1464 def multipart_report? multipart? && sub_type =~ /^report$/ end
Allows you to add a part in block form to an existing mail message object
Example:
mail = Mail.new do part :content_type => "multipart/alternative", :content_disposition => "inline" do |p| p.part :content_type => "text/plain", :body => "test text\nline #2" p.part :content_type => "text/html", :body => "<b>test</b> HTML<br/>\nline #2" end end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1628 def part(params = {}) new_part = Part.new(params) yield new_part if block_given? add_part(new_part) end
Returns a parts list object of all the parts in the message
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1512 def parts body.parts end
The raw_envelope is the From<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Mon May 2 16:07:05 2009 type field that you can see at the top of any email that has come from a mailbox
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 384 def raw_envelope @raw_envelope end
Provides access to the raw source of the message as it was when it was instantiated. This is set at initialization and so is untouched by the parsers or decoder / encoders
Example:
mail = Mail.new('This is an invalid email message') mail.raw_source #=> "This is an invalid email message"
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 371 def raw_source @raw_source end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1795 def read if self.attachment? decode_body else raise NoMethodError, 'Can not call read on a part unless it is an attachment.' end end
Encodes the message, calls encode on all it’s parts, gets an email message ready to send
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1687 def ready_to_send! identify_and_set_transfer_encoding parts.sort!([ "text/plain", "text/enriched", "text/html", "multipart/alternative" ]) parts.each do |part| part.transport_encoding = transport_encoding part.ready_to_send! end add_required_fields end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 717 def received( val = nil ) if val header[:received] = val else header[:received] end end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 725 def received=( val ) header[:received] = val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 729 def references( val = nil ) default :references, val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 733 def references=( val ) header[:references] = val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 206 def register_for_delivery_notification(observer) STDERR.puts("Message#register_for_delivery_notification is deprecated, please call Mail.register_observer instead") Mail.register_observer(observer) end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1498 def remote_mta delivery_status_part and delivery_status_part.remote_mta end
Returns the Reply-To value of the mail object as an array of strings of address specs.
Example:
mail.reply_to = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.reply_to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.reply_to = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.reply_to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Also allows you to set the value by passing a value as a parameter
Example:
mail.reply_to 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.reply_to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Additionally, you can append new addresses to the returned Array like object.
Example:
mail.reply_to 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.reply_to <<<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.reply_to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 762 def reply_to( val = nil ) default :reply_to, val end
Sets the Reply-To value of the mail object, pass in a string of the field
Example:
mail.reply_to = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.reply_to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.reply_to = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.reply_to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 774 def reply_to=( val ) header[:reply_to] = val end
Returns the Resent-Bcc value of the mail object as an array of strings of address specs.
Example:
mail.resent_bcc = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_bcc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_bcc = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_bcc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Also allows you to set the value by passing a value as a parameter
Example:
mail.resent_bcc 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_bcc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Additionally, you can append new addresses to the returned Array like object.
Example:
mail.resent_bcc 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_bcc <<<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_bcc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 803 def resent_bcc( val = nil ) default :resent_bcc, val end
Sets the Resent-Bcc value of the mail object, pass in a string of the field
Example:
mail.resent_bcc = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_bcc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_bcc = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_bcc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 815 def resent_bcc=( val ) header[:resent_bcc] = val end
Returns the Resent-Cc value of the mail object as an array of strings of address specs.
Example:
mail.resent_cc = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_cc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_cc = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_cc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Also allows you to set the value by passing a value as a parameter
Example:
mail.resent_cc 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_cc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Additionally, you can append new addresses to the returned Array like object.
Example:
mail.resent_cc 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_cc <<<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_cc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 844 def resent_cc( val = nil ) default :resent_cc, val end
Sets the Resent-Cc value of the mail object, pass in a string of the field
Example:
mail.resent_cc = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_cc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_cc = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_cc #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 856 def resent_cc=( val ) header[:resent_cc] = val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 860 def resent_date( val = nil ) default :resent_date, val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 864 def resent_date=( val ) header[:resent_date] = val end
Returns the Resent-From value of the mail object as an array of strings of address specs.
Example:
mail.resent_from = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_from #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_from = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_from #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Also allows you to set the value by passing a value as a parameter
Example:
mail.resent_from ['Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_from #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Additionally, you can append new addresses to the returned Array like object.
Example:
mail.resent_from 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_from <<<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_from #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 893 def resent_from( val = nil ) default :resent_from, val end
Sets the Resent-From value of the mail object, pass in a string of the field
Example:
mail.resent_from = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_from #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_from = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_from #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 905 def resent_from=( val ) header[:resent_from] = val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 909 def resent_message_id( val = nil ) default :resent_message_id, val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 913 def resent_message_id=( val ) header[:resent_message_id] = val end
Returns the Resent-Sender value of the mail object, as a single string of an address spec. A sender per RFC 2822 must be a single address, so you can not append to this address.
Example:
mail.resent_sender = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_sender #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Also allows you to set the value by passing a value as a parameter
Example:
mail.resent_sender 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_sender #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 932 def resent_sender( val = nil ) default :resent_sender, val end
Sets the Resent-Sender value of the mail object, pass in a string of the field
Example:
mail.sender = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.sender #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 942 def resent_sender=( val ) header[:resent_sender] = val end
Returns the Resent-To value of the mail object as an array of strings of address specs.
Example:
mail.resent_to = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_to = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Also allows you to set the value by passing a value as a parameter
Example:
mail.resent_to 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Additionally, you can append new addresses to the returned Array like object.
Example:
mail.resent_to 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_to <<<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 971 def resent_to( val = nil ) default :resent_to, val end
Sets the Resent-To value of the mail object, pass in a string of the field
Example:
mail.resent_to = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_to = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.resent_to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 983 def resent_to=( val ) header[:resent_to] = val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1502 def retryable? delivery_status_part and delivery_status_part.retryable? end
Returns the return path of the mail object, or sets it if you pass a string
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 988 def return_path( val = nil ) default :return_path, val end
Sets the return path of the object
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 993 def return_path=( val ) header[:return_path] = val end
Returns the Sender value of the mail object, as a single string of an address spec. A sender per RFC 2822 must be a single address.
Example:
mail.sender = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.sender #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Also allows you to set the value by passing a value as a parameter
Example:
mail.sender 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.sender #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1011 def sender( val = nil ) default :sender, val end
Sets the Sender value of the mail object, pass in a string of the field
Example:
mail.sender = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.sender #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1021 def sender=( val ) header[:sender] = val end
Sets the envelope from for the email
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 376 def set_envelope( val ) @raw_envelope = val @envelope = Mail::Envelope.new( val ) end
Skips the deletion of this message. All other messages flagged for delete still will be deleted at session close (i.e. when find exits). Only has an effect if you’re using find_and_delete or find with :delete_after_find set to true.
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1835 def skip_deletion @mark_for_delete = false end
Returns the sub content type
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1443 def sub_type has_content_type? ? header[:content_type].sub_type : nil rescue nil end
Returns the decoded value of the subject field, as a single string.
Example:
mail.subject = "G'Day mate" mail.subject #=> "G'Day mate" mail.subject = '=?UTF-8?Q?This_is_=E3=81=82_string?=' mail.subject #=> "This is あ string"
Also allows you to set the value by passing a value as a parameter
Example:
mail.subject "G'Day mate" mail.subject #=> "G'Day mate"
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1040 def subject( val = nil ) default :subject, val end
Sets the Subject value of the mail object, pass in a string of the field
Example:
mail.subject = '=?UTF-8?Q?This_is_=E3=81=82_string?=' mail.subject #=> "This is あ string"
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1050 def subject=( val ) header[:subject] = val end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1860 def text? has_content_type? ? !!(main_type =~ /^text$/) : false end
Accessor for text_part
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1570 def text_part(&block) if block_given? @text_part = Mail::Part.new(&block) add_multipart_alternate_header unless html_part.blank? add_part(@text_part) else @text_part || find_first_mime_type('text/plain') end end
Helper to add a text part to a multipart/alternative email. If this and html_part are both defined in a message, then it will be a multipart/alternative message and set itself that way.
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1596 def text_part=(msg = nil) if msg @text_part = msg else @text_part = Mail::Part.new('Content-Type: text/plain;') end add_multipart_alternate_header unless html_part.blank? add_part(@text_part) end
Returns the To value of the mail object as an array of strings of address specs.
Example:
mail.to = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.to = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Also allows you to set the value by passing a value as a parameter
Example:
mail.to 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Additionally, you can append new addresses to the returned Array like object.
Example:
mail.to 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.to <<<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1079 def to( val = nil ) default :to, val end
Sets the To value of the mail object, pass in a string of the field
Example:
mail.to = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.to = 'Mikel<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail.to #=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS># File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1091 def to=( val ) header[:to] = val end
Returns an array of addresses (the encoded value) in the To field, if no To field, returns an empty array
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1193 def to_addrs to ? [to].flatten : [] end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 1728 def to_yaml(opts = {}) hash = {} hash['headers'] = {} header.fields.each do |field| hash['headers'][field.name] = field.value end hash['delivery_handler'] = delivery_handler.to_s if delivery_handler hash['transport_encoding'] = transport_encoding.to_s special_variables = [:@header, :@delivery_handler, :@transport_encoding] if multipart? hash['multipart_body'] = [] body.parts.map { |part| hash['multipart_body'] << part.to_yaml } special_variables.push(:@body, :@text_part, :@html_part) end (instance_variables.map(&:to_sym) - special_variables).each do |var| hash[var.to_s] = instance_variable_get(var) end hash.to_yaml(opts) end
# File lib/mail/message.rb, line 595 def transport_encoding( val = nil) if val self.transport_encoding = val else @transport_encoding end end
Generated with the Darkfish Rdoc Generator 2.


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Lelapa la gaabo Moipone le ne le
tletse boitumelo. Moipone o ne a
nna le batsadi ba gagwe. Ba ne ba
tlhokafala fa Moipone a le dingwaga
di le lesome.
Khayanga lived with her parents
happily until they died when she
was ten years old.
Mosadimogolo Rosa o ne a tsaya
Moipone go nna le ene.
O ne a siametse Moipone, fela o ne
a tsofetse thata ebile e le modidi.
Khayanga was taken in by Rosa, a
distant relative.
Rosa was kind to Khayanga, but she
was old, frail and poor.
Moipone o ne rata go etela mabitla
a batsadi ba gagwe. O ne a lela
mme a ba bolelela tshotlego ya
gagwe.
Khayanga often visited her parents’
graves to tell them of her misery.
Ka letsatsi lengwe fa a ba etetse, o
ne a amogela mpho. Sego se se ntle
se ne sa tlhagelela go tswa mo
mabitleng a batsadi ba gagwe.
One day when she visited, she
received a gift. It was a very special
Gourd which appeared from her
parents’ graves.
Sego se ne sa opela pina e e
monate e e namatsang e re…
Moipone we, Moipone!
Ngwana wa rona o o rategang!
Ga o khutsana, moratiwa!
Tsaya sego se, moratiwa!
Se rwale gongwe le gongwe ko o
yang, moratiwa!
A se go babatse, moratiwa!
Moipone o ile a lemoga lentswe la
ga moswi mmagwe.
The Gourd sang a beautiful and
soothing song. Khayanga
recognised the voice as that of her
late mother.
It went like this…
Khayanga, ee, Khayanga!
Our child the loved one!
You’re not alone, loved one!
Have this gourd, loved one!
Carry it everywhere you go, loved one!
Let it console you loved one!
Moipone o ne a tsamaya kasego sa
gangwe gongwe le gongwe.

Ka sego se, Moipone o ne a utlwa e
kete batsadi ba gagwe ba sa tshela.
Khayanga carried her special Gourd
everywhere.
With her Gourd, Khayanga felt her
parents’ presence and protection.
Ka letsatsi lengwe ga diragala
matlhotlhapelo ka sego sa ga
Moipone Se ile sa thubega fa
Moipone a ga metsi kwa nokeng.
Pelo ya ga Moipone le yone e ne ya
thubega ka kutlobotlhoko.
One day, something bad happened
to her special Gourd. It broke when
she was fetching water in the river.
Khayanga’s heart broke as well.
Moipone o ile a tshwara
manathwana a sego sa gagwe mme
a opela:
Mme le rre,
Bonang sego se thubegile.
Sego se lo mphileng sone.
Ke dire eng batsadi ba me?
A molemo wa lona o mpontsheng
sengwe…
Gore lo santse lo na le nna.
Khayanga held the pieces of the
broken Gourd in her small hands
and sang:
Father and Mother,
See the gourd is broken.
The gourd you gave me.
What do I do, Mother and Father?
Be kind and show me a sign…
That you are still with me.
Moipone o ile a utlwa lentswe la ga
mmagwe le re:
Ngwana wa rona,
Sela manathwana a a setseng.
Gelela metsi ka ona mme o tlhape
maoto a gago.
Fa o fetsa go tlhapa, o tswale
matlho.
Moipone o ile a dumela mme ka
ponyo ya leitlho, sego se se
thubegileng se ile sa siama gape.
Khayanga heard her mother’s voice
saying to her:
“Our child, pick up the pieces that
are left.
Fetch water with them and wash
your feet.
When you finish washing, close your
eyes.”
Khayanga obeyed and suddenly,
the broken Gourd became whole
once again.
Moipone o ile a tswelela go tsamaya
gotlhe ka sego sa gagwe.
Kwa a neng a feta teng, batho ba
ne ba sebaseba ba re, “Ke sego sa
mofuta ofe se?”
Ka sego se sa gagwe, Moipone o ne
a amogela tshotlhe tse a di
tlhokang.
Khayanga continued to carry her
Gourd everywhere she went.
Wherever she passed, people
whispered to each other, “What
type of gourd is this?”
With her special Gourd, Khayanga
received everything she needed.
Ka sego se, Moipone o ne a itse gore batsadi ba
gagwe ba mo sireleditse.
With the special Gourd, Khayanga
knew that her parents were
watching over her.
Nothing bad could happen to her.


Greg is responsible for the stable Kernel tree, the staging subsystem, USB, driver core, debugfs, kref, kobject and the Sysfs-Kernel-Subsystem. From 2004 until 2012 he was member of the SUSE Labs. Since 2012 he is working for the Linux Foundation.


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The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) takes effect on May 25, 2018, and is rife with provisions that will impact the way in which SaaS vendors and their customers interact with each other. While it might be a big win for private citizens seeking some sovereignty over their personal information, it will undoubtedly make life at least a little trickier for every company doing business in the EU, employing EU citizens, handling the personal data of European citizens or doing business with companies who do business in the EU.
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We put together some content to help you sort through it, and to help you understand how it may impact your business. You can find them all in our GDPR Table of Contents, but below are three must-read pieces.
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GDPR 101: What is GDPR and why should I care?
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Boiled down to its essence, GDPR mandates that any companies storing data about European citizens will need to keep a close eye on their data-privacy practices—as well as those of their vendors and their vendors’ vendors—in order to ensure personal data is being handled within the confines of the new law. Those confines range from proper disclosure to citizens about how their data is being used to reasonable techniques for keeping that data secure. GDPR also places strict timelines on disclosure of data breaches and, in some cases, mandates the appointment of a data protection officer.
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Read more
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How GDPR might affect the SaaS industry
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Beyond the additional technical, contractual and ethical changes required to comply with GDPR (for more info, see our introduction to GDPR and our explanation of some key concepts), it’s unclear exactly how the sweeping new European Union will play out in practice. For example, on the most foundational level, nobody is quite sure how strictly certain requirements will be enforced, or how harsh the actual penalties will be.
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Read more
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How SaaS providers are preparing for GDPR
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Sometimes the best way to get a sense of something—especially something as complex as GDPR—is to see how your peers are thinking about it. Here’s a collection of documents that some of the most-successful cloud and SaaS providers have put together to explain how they plan to comply with the law; the requirements they have in place for customers and subprocessors; and also their lists of subprocessors that handle personal data.
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Read more
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- Grant Miller & The Team at EnterpriseReady
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mixed ingres_prepare ( resource $link , string $query )
Prepares a query for execution by ingres_execute(). The query becomes part of the currently open transaction. If there is no open transaction, ingres_query() opens a new transaction. To close the transaction, you can call either ingres_commit() to commit the changes made to the database or ingres_rollback() to cancel these changes. When the script ends, any open transaction is rolled back (by calling ingres_rollback()). You can also use ingres_autocommit() before opening a new transaction to have every SQL query immediately committed.
Note: Related Configurations See also the ingres.describe, ingres.scrollable and ingres.utf8 directives in Runtime Configuration.
ingres_prepare() returns a query result identifier that is used with ingres_execute() to execute the query. To see if an error occurred, use ingres_errno(), ingres_error(), or ingres_errsqlstate().


"Nam Sibyllam quidem Cumis ego ipse oculis
meis
vidi in ampulla pendere, et cum illi pueri dicerent:
Σίβυλλα
τί
ϴέλεις
; respondebat illa: άποϴαγεῖγ
ϴέλϣ
."
For Ezra Pound: il miglior fabbro
"You gave me hyacinths first a year ago; "They called me the hyacinth girl." ―Yet when we came back, late, from the Hyacinth garden, Your arms full, and your hair wet, I could not Speak, and my eyes failed, I was neither Living nor dead, and I knew nothing,40 Looking into the heart of light, the silence. Od' und leer das Meer.*
Not only the title, but the plan and a good deal of the incidental symbolism of the poem were suggested by Miss Jessie L. Weston's book on the Grail legend: From Ritual to Romance
Indeed, so deeply am I indebted, Miss Weston's book will elucidate the difficulties of the poem much better than my notes can do; and I recommend it (apart from the great interest of the book itself) to any who think such elucidation of the poem worth the trouble. To another work of anthropology I am indebted in general, one which has influenced our generation profoundly; I mean The Golden Bough; I have used especially the two volumes Adonis, Attis, Osiris. Anyone who is acquainted with these works will immediately recognise in the poem certain references to vegetation ceremonies.
Line 20. Cf. Ezekiel 2:1.
23. Cf. Ecclesiastes 12:5.
31. V. Tristan und Isolde, i, verses 5-8.
42. Id. iii, verse 24.
46. I am not familiar with the exact constitution of the Tarot pack of cards, from which I have obviously departed to suit my own convenience. The Hanged Man, a member of the traditional pack, fits my purpose in two ways: because he is associated in my mind with the Hanged God of Frazer, and because I associate him with the hooded figure in the passage of the disciples to Emmaus in Part V. The Phoenician Sailor and the Merchant appear later; also the "crowds of people," and Death by Water is executed in Part IV. The Man with Three Staves (an authentic member of the Tarot pack) I associate, quite arbitrarily, with the Fisher King himself.
60. Cf. Baudelaire:
"Fourmillante cite;, cite; pleine de reves,
Ou le spectre en plein jour raccroche le passant."
63. Cf. Inferno, iii. 55-7.
"si lunga tratta
di gente, ch'io non avrei mai creduto
che morte tanta n'avesse disfatta."
64. Cf. Inferno, iv. 25-7:
"Quivi, secondo che per ascoltahre,
"non avea pianto, ma' che di sospiri,
"che l'aura eterna facevan tremare."
68. A phenomenon which I have often noticed.
74. Cf. the Dirge in Webster's White Devil .
76. V. Baudelaire, Preface to Fleurs du Mal.
77. Cf. Antony and Cleopatra, II. ii., l. 190.
92. Laquearia. V. Aeneid, I. 726:
dependent lychni laquearibus aureis incensi, et noctem flammis
funalia vincunt.
98. Sylvan scene. V. Milton, Paradise Lost, iv. 140.
99. V. Ovid, Metamorphoses, vi, Philomela.
100. Cf. Part III, l. 204.
115. Cf. Part III, l. 195.
118. Cf. Webster:
"Is the wind in that door still?"
126. Cf. Part I, l. 37, 48.
138. Cf. the game of chess in Middleton's Women beware Women.
176. V. Spenser, Prothalamion.
192. Cf. The Tempest, I. ii.
196. Cf. Marvell, To His Coy Mistress.
197. Cf. Day, Parliament of Bees:
"When of the sudden, listening, you shall hear, "A noise of horns and hunting, which shall bring "Actaeon to Diana in the spring, "Where all shall see her naked skin . . ."
199. I do not know the origin of the ballad from which these lines are taken: it was reported to me from Sydney, Australia.
202. V. Verlaine, Parsifal.
210. The currants were quoted at a price "cost insurance and freight to London"; and the Bill of Lading etc. were to be handed to the buyer upon payment of the sight draft.
218. Tiresias, although a mere spectator and not indeed a "character," is yet the most important personage in the poem, uniting all the rest. Just as the one-eyed merchant, seller of currants, melts into the Phoenician Sailor, and the latter is not wholly distinct from Ferdinand Prince of Naples, so all the women are one woman, and the two sexes meet in Tiresias. What Tiresias sees, in fact, is the substance of the poem. The whole passage from Ovid is of great anthropological interest:
'. . . Cum Iunone iocos et maior vestra profecto est
Quam, quae contingit maribus,' dixisse, 'voluptas.'
Illa negat; placuit quae sit sententia docti
Quaerere Tiresiae: venus huic erat utraque nota.
Nam duo magnorum viridi coeuntia silva
Corpora serpentum baculi violaverat ictu
Deque viro factus, mirabile, femina septem
Egerat autumnos; octavo rursus eosdem
Vidit et 'est vestrae si tanta potentia plagae,'
Dixit 'ut auctoris sortem in contraria mutet,
Nunc quoque vos feriam!' percussis anguibus isdem
Forma prior rediit genetivaque venit imago.
 This may not appear as exact as Sappho's lines, but I had in mind the "longshore" or "dory" fisherman, who returns at nightfall.
253. V. Goldsmith, the song in The Vicar of Wakefield.
257. V. The Tempest, as above.
264. The interior of St. Magnus Martyr is to my mind one of the finest among Wren's interiors. See The Proposed Demolition of Nineteen City Churches (P. S. King & Son, Ltd.).
266. The Song of the (three) Thames-daughters begins here. From line 292 to 306 inclusive they speak in turn. V. Gutterdsammerung, III. i: the Rhine-daughters.
279. V. Froude, Elizabeth, Vol. I, ch. iv, letter of De Quadra to Philip of Spain:
"In the afternoon we were in a barge, watching the games on the river. (The queen) was alone with Lord Robert and myself on the poop, when they began to talk nonsense, and went so far that Lord Robert at last said, as I was on the spot there was no reason why they should not be married if the queen pleased."
293. Cf. Purgatorio, v. 133:
"Ricorditi di me, che son la Pia;
Siena mi fe', disfecemi Maremma."
307. V. St. Augustine's Confessions: "to Carthage then I came, where a cauldron of unholy loves sang all about mine ears."
308. The complete text of the Buddha's Fire Sermon (which corresponds in importance to the Sermon on the Mount) from which these words are taken, will be found translated in the late Henry Clarke Warren's Buddhism in Translation (Harvard Oriental Series). Mr. Warren was one of the great pioneers of Buddhist studies in the Occident.
309. From St. Augustine's Confessions again. The collocation of these two representatives of eastern and western asceticism, as the culmination of this part of the poem, is not an accident.
In the first part of Part V three themes are employed: the journey to Emmaus, the approach to the Chapel Perilous (see Miss Weston's book) and the present decay of eastern Europe.
357. This is Turdus aonalaschkae pallasii, the hermit-thrush which I have heard in Quebec County. Chapman says (Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America) "it is most at home in secluded woodland and thickety retreats. . . . Its notes are not remarkable for variety or volume, but in purity and sweetness of tone and exquisite modulation they are unequalled." Its "water-dripping song" is justly celebrated.
360. The following lines were stimulated by the account of one of the Antarctic expeditions (I forget which, but I think one of Shackleton's): it was related that the party of explorers, at the extremity of their strength, had the constant delusion that there was one more member than could actually be counted.
367-77. Cf. Hermann Hesse, Blick ins Chaos:
"Schon ist halb Europa, schon ist zumindest der halbe Osten Europas auf dem
Wege zum Chaos, fhrt betrunken im heiligem Wahn am Abgrund entlang
und singt dazu, singt betrunken und hymnisch wie Dmitri Karamasoff sang.
Ueber diese Lieder lacht der Bsrger beleidigt, der Heilige
und Seher hrt sie mit Trvnen."
402. "Datta, dayadhvam, damyata"
(Give, sympathize,
control). The fable of the meaning of the Thunder is found in the
Brihadaranyaka-Upanishad, 5, 1. A translation is found in Deussen's
Sechzig Upanishads des Veda, p. 489.
408. Cf. Webster, The White Devil, v. vi:
". . . they'll remarry
Ere the worm pierce your winding-sheet, ere the spider
Make a thin curtain for your epitaphs."
412. Cf. Inferno, xxxiii. 46:
"ed io sentii chiavar l'uscio di sotto
all'orribile torre."
Also F. H. Bradley, Appearance and Reality, p. 346:
"My external sensations are no less private to myself than are my thoughts or my feelings. In either case my experience falls within my own circle, a circle closed on the outside; and, with all its elements alike, every sphere is opaque to the others which surround it. . . . In brief, regarded as an existence which appears in a soul, the whole world for each is peculiar and private to that soul."
425. V. Weston, From Ritual to Romance; chapter on the Fisher King.
428. V. Purgatorio, xxvi. 148.
"'Ara vos prec per aquella valor
'que vos guida al som de l'escalina,
'sovegna vos a temps de ma dolor.'
Poi s'ascose nel foco che gli affina."
429. V. Pervigilium Veneris. Cf. Philomela in Parts II and III.
430. V. Gerard de Nerval, Sonnet El Desdichado.
432. V. Kyd's Spanish Tragedy.
434. Shantih. Repeated as here, a formal ending to an Upanishad. 'The Peace which passeth understanding' is a feeble translation of the content of this word.


Gambo, Itodo, Mbaoma… TheCable’s NPFL team of the week
by Remi SulolaThe 2019/20 Nigeria Professional Football League (NPFL) continued to throw up unpredictable results as games for week five took place on Sunday.
Plateau United, league leaders, extended their unbeaten run to five following a 3-1 victory over Delta Force in Asaba while Akwa Starlets defeated Rangers 2-0.
Our team of the week is set up in a 4-3-3 formation, with Abdu Maikaba, Plateau United tactician, the man at the dugout.
Vincent Edafe – Akwa Starlets
Fans at the Cathedral won’t forget the young keeper who was heroic for Akwa Starlets in their win over Rangers. The fearless lad produced six world class saves during the game that was played in Enugu.
Kunle Odunlami – Rivers United
The Nigeria international comes to right back following his scintillating show for Rivers United in the South/South derby.
Festus Austine – Rivers United
You begin to wonder where Festus Austine gets the bullets in his armory to shoot the enemies. He was at his “no-nonsense” best in the win against Warri Wolves.
Ibukun Harrison – Akwa Starlets
Ibukun Harrison commanded the back four and never gave Rangers’ strikers the chance to wreck havoc. The former Akwa United defender had every answers to the questions asked by the Flying Antelopes.
Daniel Itodo – Plateau United
One wouldn’t be out of place to lay claim to the fact that Daniel Itodo is the best left back in the NPFL. The way he penetrated the walls of Delta Force was spectacular.
Michael Ibe – Plateau United
The former fans favourite of Al-Karmah did a yeoman’s job at the middle of the park. He dictated the pace and was rewarded with a goal.
Cletus Emotan – Rivers United
If Rivers United really want to challenge for the league title, then the pint sized midfielder must always produce the goods. Sunday wasn’t different as he piloted the ship and provided an assist.
Aniekan Ekpe – Akwa Starlets
Age is only a number. Quality overshadows quantity in key situations. Former Akwa United skipper Aniekan Ekpe was turbo-charged to set the Cathedral ablaze on Sunday.
Gambo Mohammed – Katsina United
The Katsina United marquee singing provided the assist for Tasiu Lawal’s strike and capped an excellent day in office with a goal of his own.
Victor Mbaoma – Enyimba
Victor Mbaoma popped up with a brace for the impressive Enyimba, which humbled Adamawa United 2-0 in Aba.
Mustapha Ibrahim – Plateau United
The third Plateau United player in the XI. Mustapha Ibrahim led the line well and linked up with his teammates to perfection. He got a goal of his own against Delta Force. His third of the season.


Custom List Class
This program is essentially one class that replicates the functionality of C#'s generic List Class. This was assigned as homework in my intro game development class to help us understand how a List operates. I have been able to use this custom class to my advantage because it has all the functionality of the normal List class, but I also have the freedom to add other functions that I may need.
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The number of Infected cells are {{i}}
The number of Non Infected Cells are{{j}}
The % of infected cells are {{k}}


Input data and parameters
QualiMap command line
| qualimap bamqc -bam data/output/test/genome/bamFileSort/SRR1039513.sort.bam -nw 400 -hm 3 |
Alignment
| Command line: | "/Users/xzh004/miniconda3/envs/rasflow/bin/hisat2-align-s --wrapper basic-0 -p 30 --known-splicesite-infile data/output/test/genome/splicesites.txt -x data/output/test/genome/indexes/index -S data/output/test/genome/samFile/SRR1039513.sam -1 /tmp/6501.inpipe1 -2 /tmp/6501.inpipe2" |
| Draw chromosome limits: | no |
| Analyze overlapping paired-end reads: | no |
| Program: | hisat2 (2.1.0) |
| Analysis date: | Tue Jan 14 21:42:50 PST 2020 |
| Size of a homopolymer: | 3 |
| Skip duplicate alignments: | no |
| Number of windows: | 400 |
| BAM file: | data/output/test/genome/bamFileSort/SRR1039513.sort.bam |
Summary
Globals
| Reference size | 10,000,000 |
| Number of reads | 93,990 |
| Mapped reads | 81,910 / 87.15% |
| Unmapped reads | 12,080 / 12.85% |
| Mapped paired reads | 81,910 / 87.15% |
| Mapped reads, first in pair | 41,034 / 43.66% |
| Mapped reads, second in pair | 40,876 / 43.49% |
| Mapped reads, both in pair | 75,756 / 80.6% |
| Mapped reads, singletons | 6,154 / 6.55% |
| Secondary alignments | 2,634 |
| Read min/max/mean length | 63 / 63 / 64.77 |
| Duplicated reads (estimated) | 61,553 / 65.49% |
| Duplication rate | 30.07% |
| Clipped reads | 7,081 / 7.53% |
ACGT Content
| Number/percentage of A's | 1,406,778 / 27.38% |
| Number/percentage of C's | 1,554,391 / 30.25% |
| Number/percentage of T's | 1,305,699 / 25.41% |
| Number/percentage of G's | 871,578 / 16.96% |
| Number/percentage of N's | 24,552,248 / 477.81% |
| GC Percentage | 47.21% |
Coverage
| Mean | 2.9692 |
| Standard Deviation | 20.5994 |
Mapping Quality
| Mean Mapping Quality | 8.12 |
Insert size
| Mean | 6,132.1 |
| Standard Deviation | 171,235.95 |
| P25/Median/P75 | 116 / 143 / 184 |
Mismatches and indels
| General error rate | 0.18% |
| Mismatches | 52,981 |
| Insertions | 166 |
| Mapped reads with at least one insertion | 0.2% |
| Deletions | 945 |
| Mapped reads with at least one deletion | 1.15% |
| Homopolymer indels | 96.49% |
Chromosome stats
| Name | Length | Mapped bases | Mean coverage | Standard deviation |
| 1 | 10000000 | 29691663 | 2.9692 | 20.5994 |


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I Still Know What You Did Last Summer (1998) Jennifer Love Hewitt, Freddie Prinze Jr., Brandy, Mekhi Phifer, Muse Watson, Bill Cobbs, Matthew Settle, Jeffrey Combs, Jennifer Esposito, John Hawkes. Screenplay by Trey Callaway, based on characters in the film written by Kevin Williamson and the novel by Lois Duncan. Directed by Danny Cannon. 101 minutes. Rated R, 1.5 stars (out of five stars)
Review by Ed Johnson-Ott, NUVO Newsweekly www.nuvo-online.com Archive reviews at http://us.imdb.com/M/reviews_by?Edward+Johnson-ott To receive reviews by e-mail at no charge, send subscription requests to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Remember the scene in "Scream 2" where the film student ranted about how slasher movie sequels are almost always crap? "I Still Know What You Did Last Summer" is a textbook example of everything he was talking about. Aside from a grim relentlessness, this generic offering has absolutely nothing to warrant a viewing. I'm required to see films like this -- it's in my job description -- but you don't have to.
In this colorless Xerox, Julie James (Jennifer Love Hewitt) is away at school, dividing her time between nightmares and hallucinations of Ben Willis (Muse Watson), the slicker-wearing, hook-wielding killer from the original film. She continues her romantic involvement with fellow survivor Ray Bronson (Freddie Prinze Jr.), but he's back home in North Carolina, and the distance, coupled with Julie's phobia about returning home, is straining their relationship.
Julie's chronically perky roommate Karla Wilson (Brandy) wins a vacation for four to the Bahamas and she invites her stressed-out girlfriend to come along. When Ray fails to show up, a dejected Julie takes off with Karla, Tyrell (Mekhi Phifer), Karla's horny boyfriend, and Will Benson (Matthew Settle), a boy-next-door type with a serious Julie fixation.
Of course, there's a good reason why Ray didn't show up. While traveling north with a buddy to surprise Julie, he encountered a body in the middle of the road. Oh my goodness, it's a trap! Quicker than you can say "here we go again," Ray's pal has a major new body piercing and our fisherman friend is chasing after Ray.
"I Know What You Did Last Summer" had a few qualities that raised it a notch or two above standard slasher fare. The dark murders were set against the background of a colorful small town festival and the contrast was refreshing. The kids were brighter than most denizens of slasher films and the mystery of the killer's identity livened things up somewhat.
"I Still Know" contains none of those elements. The film starts off grim and nasty and never wavers in tone. The Bahamian setting is murky and the action scenes lack a distinct sense of place. The supporting cast members are uniformly obnoxious and each primary actor has exactly one identifying characteristic, from which he or she never wavers.
Jennifer Love Hewitt is the most tiresome. She starts the film in a state of borderline hysteria, and the borderline soon disappears. Of course, the real star of the film isn't Hewitt, it's her breasts, which are featured so prominently in various form-fitting outfits that they almost deserve their own screen credit.
After the requisite false scares, the extremely bloody production settles into a repetitive, relentless groove, aping stylistic techniques from other genre films well enough to build some tension despite the inevitability of the story. If, after the first ten minutes of the film, you can't predict who will be alive at the conclusion, you're just not trying.
True to form, there is the mandatory plot twist towards the end, and the film's godawful closing scene offers the possibility for yet another sequel. The prospect of a third installment of this derivative series is much scarier than anything that happens in the movie. In 1997, "I Know What You Did Last Summer" was a surprise hit. Hopefully, audiences will be discerning enough to make "I Still Know" a surprise failure.
© 1998 Ed Johnson-Ott
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BREATHING ROOM A film review by James Berardinelli Copyright 1996 James Berardinelli
RATING (0 TO 10): 4.5 Alternative Scale: ** out of ****
United States, 1996 U.S. Release Date: Fall 1996 (limited) Running Length: 1:30 MPAA Classification: No MPAA Rating (Sexual situations, profanity) Theatrical Aspect Ratio: 1.85:1
Cast: Susan Floyd, Dan Futterman, Nadia Dajani, Stryker Hardwicke, David Thornton Director: Jon Sherman Producer: Tim Perell Screenplay: Tom Hughes and Jon Sherman from a story by Tom Hughes Cinematography: Jim Denault Music: Pat Irwin U.S. Distributor: Arrow Releasing
BREATHING ROOM, a low-budget feature film from first-time director Jon Sherman, is a rickety romantic comedy that, in trying to be offbeat, ends up being offputting. This hopelessly contrived movie attempts to make all sorts of witty, insightful comments about the nature and development of sexual and romantic liaisons in modern America. Alas, most of the supposedly clever dialogue turns out to be trite, and the characters are neither endearing nor particularly interesting.
As we're told in the perfunctory voiceover that opens BREATHING ROOM, Kathy (Susan Floyd) and David (Dan Futterman) have an atypical relationship. They can't stay together, but they can't stay apart. In the two years since they first met, they've broken up and gotten back together five times. Of course, they're complete opposites. She's a career-oriented woman who likes to have an ordered life. He's a layabout who can't stand "real" jobs and appreciates spontaneity. He's also allergic to commitment -- he can say "I love you" in fifteen different languages, but the words get caught in his throat whenever he tries to express that sentiment in English.
Twenty minutes into BREATHING ROOM, Kathy and David are on the verge of another breakup. To forestall this, they decide to spend four weeks apart -- the time between Thanksgiving and Christmas. No conversations, no meetings (planned or chance), and no phone calls. The idea is that, by the end of the period, they'll know whether they're really meant to be together, or whether they should separate for good.
One of the many problems with BREATHING ROOM is that it doesn't present us with likable or well-developed characters. Kathy and David are flung up on the screen without much concern for how the audience will react to them. They come across as extremely self-centered and distant, and I never accepted them or believed their glib dialogue. Obviously, Sherman and his co-writer, Tom Hughes, are fans of TV sit- coms like SEINFELD and FRIENDS, because their characters speak with the rhythms of those shows. Such repartee becomes taxing in a full-length motion picture.
In fact, the entire movie has a TV-like feel to it. It's artificial and clunky. BREATHING ROOM doesn't offer much in the way of emotional appeal, either. I found myself not caring whether Kathy and David resolve their differences. With the exception of a couple of nicely-crafted scenes, their feelings come across as shallow and insincere. The "big" emotional payoff at the end isn't rewarding because of an ineffective build-up. Sherman has taken too many wrong turns by this point for one scene to redeem his entire movie.
The first line in BREATHING ROOM is "Paris in the Springtime's got nothing on New York at Christmas." In keeping with this statement, Sherman's film gives us an idealized vision of the United States' largest city. It's a bright, sparkling fairytale land, decked out in Christmas lights and curiously absent of crowds. This isn't the genuine, bustling metropolis of New York, so it's only fitting that the characters in BREATHING ROOM bear only a cursory resemblance to any Generation X-ers that inhabit the real world.
Susan Floyd and Dan Futterman (Robin Williams' son in THE BIRDCAGE), both stage actors, do the best they can with the material, but it's a thankless job. BREATHING ROOM's deep-rooted flaws have their origins in the script, and even the best actors couldn't have saved this project (although, admittedly, a little more chemistry might have made it seem less cold and remote). As romantic comedies go, BREATHING ROOM is a sad and unappealing affair, and extremely unlikely to evoke the warm glow that even the most modest entry into the genre strives for.
- James Berardinelli e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>ReelViews web site: http://www.cybernex.net/~berardin
The review above was posted to the
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review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
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So, you liked the title of the article? I bet about 90% of you are men looking to either become a desired stud or to please your significant other just a little better. The other 10% are women either curious or dissatisfied with your man.

I’m sure you’ve all heard about Viagra (Sildenafil), and many of you have probably tried it. Yes, it makes my manhood sing like an opera star, but it doesn’t do much for longevity in bed. It might be able to go again in a minute, but will shoot my load in a few minutes yet again.
I have the solution – Zoloft (Sertraline). If I take 100mg of Zoloft 8-14 hrs before sex on an empty stomach or 5-8 hrs after a meal I'm lucky if I ever cum. Viagra + Zoloft = a woman that will beg for more time after time.
Now, Viagra has a couple of side effects – flushing, stuffy nose and body aches. For the Flushing there is little I can offer as a remedy. For the stuffy nose – try a 12hr Sudafed… works like a charm. And for the body aches, try 400mg advil (ibuprofen).
I know what you’re thinking – how can I get/afford the Viagra and Zoloft. And I have the answer – but from abroad.
P.S. If you are taking any nitrates/nitrites, you can not take Viagra! I have found that people respond well to Diphenhydramine (Benedryl) pretty well – it will give your member a lift. Be careful, though, since it makes most people very drowsy.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


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Conventional Performance Evaluation
- Time-weighted and dollar-weighted returns
- Sharpe measure - divides average portfolio excess return by standard deviation of returns
- Terynor measure - gives excess return per unit of systematic risk
- Jensen meaure - average return on portfolio over and above CAPM prediction
- Information ratio - divides alpha of portfolio by nonsystematic risk
- M2 = rP* - rM
Performance Measurement for Hedge Funds
- Risk profiles can change rapidly
- Tend to invest in illiquid assets, thus liquidity premiums may obfuscate true alpha
- May expose fund to infrequent but severe losses
- Turnover can lead to survivorship bias
Style Analysis
Definition: Regresses a fund's returns on indices representating a range of asset classes. The regression coefficient on each index measures the fund's implicit allocation to that "style"
Morningstar's Risk-Adjusted Rating (RAR)
Definition: A measured based on a comparison of funds to a peer group (selected on teh basis of investment universe and portfolio characteristics). Risk-adjusted performance is ranked across funds within a style group


JSON related utilities.
This module provides a few things:
1) A handy function for getting an object down to something that can be JSON serialized. See to_primitive().
2) Wrappers around loads() and dumps(). The dumps() wrapper will automatically use to_primitive() for you if needed.
3) This sets up anyjson to use the loads() and dumps() wrappers if anyjson is available.
Convert a complex object into primitives.
Handy for JSON serialization. We can optionally handle instances, but since this is a recursive function, we could have cyclical data structures.
To handle cyclical data structures we could track the actual objects visited in a set, but not all objects are hashable. Instead we just track the depth of the object inspections and don’t go too deep.
Therefore, convert_instances=True is lossy ... be aware.


Mindfulness and self-awareness are similar. Mindfulness is paying attention to the moment without judgement. Self-awareness is also paying attention but goes further than one's moment to moment emotional experience to "knowing one's internal states, preferences, resources and intuitions."
This week I tried journaling. I liked how it can be described as a 'brain-dump'. It was surprisingly easy to write heaps within the 3-minute set time. Both the process of just writing down what initially came to mind and then re-reading it brought a small sense of clarity to my thoughts and was somewhat helpful in organising my thinking.
I found the following quote insightful... "Thoughts and emotions are like clouds - some beautiful, some dark - while our core being is the sky. CLouds are not the sky; they are phenomena in the sky that come and go. Similarly, thoughts and emotions are not who we are; they are simply phenomena in mind and body that come and go."


Hot topic
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{% extends 'general/include/head_argon.html'%} {% load staticfiles %} {% block main_content %}
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30/05/1993
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Nguyen Khanh Toan, Hanoi
Skills
Deep Learning
Machine Learning
Python (numpy, pandas, matplotlib, sklearn)
Probability - Statistic & Mathematic
MS SQL Server
C# .NET Framework
SharePoint Framework
HTML, CSS, Bootstrap
Javascript, JQuery
Fresher Academy: Learning to build: Fullstack Web application, SharePoint application, Winform application
ATOO - Grade Project: Working as a BA and a Developer
-   Description: Seperating product number to branch number and apply to all other function on CloudPos system
-   Technologíes applied: Winform (vb.net, mySql)
Management Accountant: Making budget Reports for Sale & Administration section
Payment Accountant: Paying for Tax, fee, other fee to Goverment Budget and other payment
Supervising, monitoring and improving services quality of Techcombank' branches


Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language like HTML. CSS is a cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript.
Before CSS, nearly all presentational attributes of HTML documents were contained within the HTML markup. All font colors, background styles, element alignments, borders and sizes had to be explicitly described, often repeatedly, within the HTML. CSS lets authors move much of that information to another file, the style sheet, resulting in considerably simpler HTML.