Color used for the background of the Map div. This color will be visible when tiles have not yet loaded as the user pans. This option can only be set when the map is initialized.
A map with all behaviors that were defined for this widget. The key is the name of the behavior, the value is the callback function that is invoked when the behavior is called.
The initial Map center. Required.
List of overlay circular shapes added to this map.
When false, map icons are not clickable. A map icon represents a point of interest, also known as a POI. By default map icons are clickable.
Size in pixels of the controls appearing on the map. This value must be supplied directly when creating the Map, updating this value later may bring the controls into an undefined state. Only governs the controls made by the Maps API itself. Does not scale developer created custom controls.
Enables/disables all default UI. May be overridden individually.
Enables/disables zoom and center on double click. Enabled by default.
If false, prevents the map from being dragged. Dragging is enabled by default.
The name or url of the cursor to display when mousing over a draggable map. This property uses the css cursor attribute to change the icon. As with the css property, you must specify at least one fallback cursor that is not a URL. For example: draggableCursor: 'url(http://www.example.com/icon.png), auto;'.
The name or url of the cursor to display when the map is being dragged. This property uses the css cursor attribute to change the icon. As with the css property, you must specify at least one fallback cursor that is not a URL. For example: draggingCursor: 'url(http://www.example.com/icon.png), auto;'.
Defines if center and zoom should be calculated automatically to contain all markers on the map.
Client ID of the form to use for AJAX requests. Usually the enclosing form.
The enabled/disabled state of the Fullscreen control.
The display options for the Fullscreen control.
This setting controls how gestures on the map are handled.
The heading for aerial imagery in degrees measured clockwise from cardinal direction North. Headings are snapped to the nearest available angle for which imagery is available.
The client-side ID of the widget, with all parent naming containers, such as
myForm:myWidget
. This is also the ID of the container HTML element for this widget. In case the widget needs
multiple container elements (such as Paginator), this may also be an array if IDs.
The current info window instance, if any info window was created yet.
HTML string with the contents of the info window, as fetched from the server.
If false, prevents the map from being controlled by the keyboard. Keyboard shortcuts are enabled by default.
The initial enabled/disabled state of the Map type control.
The initial display options for the Map type control.
The initial Map mapTypeId. Defaults to ROADMAP.
A list of markers to display on the map.
The maximum zoom level which will be displayed on the map. If omitted, or set to null, the maximum zoom from the current map type is used instead. Valid values: Integers between zero, and up to the supported maximum zoom level.
The minimum zoom level which will be displayed on the map. If omitted, or set to null, the minimum zoom from the current map type is used instead. Valid values: Integers between zero, and up to the supported maximum zoom level.
If true, do not clear the contents of the Map div.
Javascript callback to execute when a point on map is clicked.
The enabled/disabled state of the Pan control. Note: The Pan control is not available in the new set of controls introduced in v3.22 of the Google Maps JavaScript API. While using v3.22 and v3.23, you can choose to use the earlier set of controls rather than the new controls, thus making the Pan control available as part of the old control set. See What's New in the v3.22 Map Controls.
The display options for the Pan control. Note: The Pan control is not available in the new set of controls introduced in v3.22 of the Google Maps JavaScript API. While using v3.22 and v3.23, you can choose to use the earlier set of controls rather than the new controls, thus making the Pan control available as part of the old control set. See What's New in the v3.22 Map Controls.
List of overlay polygonal shapes added to this map.
List of overlay polyline shapes added to this map.
List of overlay rectangular shapes added to this map.
Defines a boundary that restricts the area of the map accessible to users. When set, a user can only pan and zoom while the camera view stays inside the limits of the boundary.
The enabled/disabled state of the Rotate control.
The display options for the Rotate control.
The initial enabled/disabled state of the Scale control.
The initial display options for the Scale control.
If false, disables scrollwheel zooming on the map. The scrollwheel is enabled by default.
A StreetViewPanorama to display when the Street View pegman is dropped on the map. If no panorama is specified, a default StreetViewPanorama will be displayed in the map's div when the pegman is dropped.
The initial enabled/disabled state of the Street View Pegman control. This control is part of the default UI, and should be set to false when displaying a map type on which the Street View road overlay should not appear (e.g. a non-Earth map type).
The initial display options for the Street View Pegman control.
Styles to apply to each of the default map types. Note that for satellite/hybrid and terrain modes, these styles will only apply to labels and geometry.
Controls the automatic switching behavior for the angle of incidence of the map. The only allowed values are 0 and 45. The value 0 causes the map to always use a 0° overhead view regardless of the zoom level and viewport. The value 45 causes the tilt angle to automatically switch to 45 whenever 45° imagery is available for the current zoom level and viewport, and switch back to 0 whenever 45° imagery is not available (this is the default behavior). 45° imagery is only available for satellite and hybrid map types, within some locations, and at some zoom levels. Note: getTilt returns the current tilt angle, not the value specified by this option. Because getTilt and this option refer to different things, do not bind() the tilt property; doing so may yield unpredictable effects.
The name of the widget variables of this widget. The widget variable can be used to
access a widget instance by calling PF("myWidgetVar")
.
The initial Map zoom level. Required. Valid values: Integers between zero, and up to the supported maximum zoom level.
The enabled/disabled state of the Zoom control.
The display options for the Zoom control.
Generated using TypeDoc
The configuration for the GMap widget. You can access this configuration via BaseWidget.cfg. Please note that this configuration is usually meant to be read-only and should not be modified.


Component with a static text...
...or any custom HTML or logic with PolymorpheusContent:
PolymorpheusContent


FIFA 20: Ronaldo, Kane and Hazard form thrilling front three in FUT TOTW
by BeSoccerWednesday's FUT Team of the Week includes a host of attacking stars, including Cristiano Ronaldo, Harry Kane and Eden Hazard.
Cristiano Ronaldo has made FIFA Ultimate Team's latest Team of the Week after moving onto 99 international goals for Portugal.
Juventus superstar Ronaldo is closing on Ali Daei's all-time world record of 109 after another four goals in the international break.
Ronaldo hit a ruthless hat-trick against Lithuania in Euro 2020 qualifying, before netting again against Luxembourg to nudge towards three figures.
He is joined in a thrilling FUT front three by Harry Kane and Eden Hazard.
Kane ended the qualifying campaign having netted in all eight matches, hitting 12 goals in total as the competition's leading scorer.
Hazard is struggling for Real Madrid but scored twice in Belgium's win at Russia, while midfielders Toni Kroos and John McGinn were rewarded for their own goalscoring exploits.
Nicolas Otamendi, often seen as a liability at Manchester City, earned a place with his performances for Argentina.
We take a look at the latest squad in full below.
FUT TEAM OF THE WEEK
GK: Gianluigi Donnarumma (AC Milan) - 86
CB: Nicolas Otamendi (Manchester City) - 85
CB: Nico Elvedi (Borussia Monchengladbach) - 82
RB: Stefan Lainer (Borussia Monchengladbach) - 81
CM: Thomas Partey (Atletico Madrid) - 84
CM: Toni Kroos (Real Madrid) - 89
LM: Ole Kristian Selnaes (Shenzhen FC) - 81
Featured links
- BREAKING NEWS: Mourinho replaces Pochettino at Tottenham
- The latest football transfers news and rumours
- Wales, golf, Madrid... in that order
- Luis Enrique returns to Spain national team
CAM : John McGinn (Aston Villa) - 84
LW: Cristiano Ronaldo (Juventus/Piemonte Calcio) - 94
LF: Eden Hazard (Real Madrid) - 92
ST: Harry Kane (Tottenham) - 91
SUBSTITUTES
GK: Andre Onana (Ajax) - 84
LB: Ramy Bensebaini (Borussia Monchengladbach) - 81
RW: Nicolo Zaniolo (Roma) - 80
RM: Robert Skov (Hoffenheim) - 81
RW: Gerard Moreno (Villarreal) - 86
ST: Raul Jimenez (Wolves) - 83
ST: Teemu Pukki (Norwich City) - 81
RESERVES
CB: Scott Wharton (Northampton Town) - 74
CDM: Alex Kral (Spartak Moscow) - 80
ST: Famara Diedhiou (Bristol City) - 79
ST: Victor Osimhen (Lille) - 80
LW: Duvan Vergara (America de Cali) - 76


| DOSE: |
2.0 g |
oral |
Smarts - Phenibut |
(capsule) |
Synthetic GABA I think is what this is. That's at least what I tell my friends when they ask what the new cap that I'm taking is and phenibut sounds like a goofy joke. I've been taking phenibut for about a month now on and off, mostly because I like trying new substances and seeing how they affect my consciousness. I've never heard of phenibut in the drug circles that I run with, it's legal as a supplement I'm pretty sure, has a good amount of evidentiary experiences in Russia as a sleep aid and anti-anxiety drug and although it doesn't feel like a benzo exactly, I would have to say I like it better than most of the benzo's I tried.
I took two grams this morning. I cap them myself. I woke up in a hotel -- been traveling for work and invited my girlfriend to stay with me for a week, so we've been staying up late and playing every night.  I'm not a caffeine user, so normally Iím groggy for about 45 minutes before Iím functional, and then, normally, if I've had as little sleep as I've been going on lately, I can't wait for the end of the day so I can go home and pass out. Since starting the phenibut this has changed.
After about 25 minutes from taking it, I feel good. Not adulterated good, but just like, 'this is going to be a good day, I feel positive and that I'm going to be able to function well today.' Today is the same. I got out of bed and sat on the corner of the bed for a minute holding my head and trying to talk myself into being ready for my day. I then got up and took the phenibut and got dressed and drove to work. I was at work about 15 minutes after getting out of bed, so I'm still groggy at that point. I'm starting to notice the phenibut as others arrive and I ask them how they're doing and notice that I actually care.... normally without sleep I kinda hide away and don't engage people because I just feel all around icky.
I would say it's sublime. I like it.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


What is a bouldering problem?
A bouldering problem is essentially a short climb with a designated set of starting, intermediary and finishing holds. They are rated (in the yosemite system) from V-B to about V-16, the higher the number, the harder the problem.
Our Build-A-Board will allow you the freedom of creating your own routes on our bouldering wall with a difficulty between VB and V10.
Using our app:
- Enter your Username and select the difficulty of the route you wish to create.
- Select the holds you wish to be included in your route. Starting hold(s) will highlight green, finishing hold(s) will highlight red, and all other holds will highlight blue. All routes in the top row are considered finishing routes and will highlight red when clicked.
- Click "Submit" to add your shiny new route to the app!


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: ".NET Makes Me Mad (Generics and Collections edition)" author: display_name: Geoff Lane login: admin email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: http://www.zorched.net author_login: admin author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: http://www.zorched.net date: '2007-02-01 20:29:27 -0500' date_gmt: '2007-02-02 02:29:27 -0500' categories: - ".NET" tags: - software-development - csharp comments: - id: 6214 author: Chris author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: '' date: '2007-02-03 15:19:39 -0500' date_gmt: '2007-02-03 21:19:39 -0500' content: I really don't like the virtual, new, and override keywords. There must have been some sort of reasoning behind having to explicitly label the methods and properties you want to override but I can't see it. Its a feature for those that like to plan ahead and limit the abilities of other developers. Its slows you done when you're doing coding time design.  Maybe there are open source alternatives. ---
Ok, so I've decided I need to rant a little bit about .NET. This ends up in part being, "What I like about Java that I don't like about C#". I think this is fair though. It's not like C# and .NET were developed in a vacuum. It's not like C# is the first Object Oriented, VM run language. As such I think it's fair to point out where they should have learned from others.
class Car : Vehicle { }
class MotorCycle : Vehicle { }
List
List
To make it work with AddRange, you have to perform a manual conversion
{% highlight csharp %}
public IList
private static Vehicle ToVehicle
Note: (The Java folks did this so as not to break backwards compatibility. I think that major revisions should be allowed to break backwards compatibility when there are compelling reasons to do so.)
.NET does not have a Set or a Bag. These are generally useful and very common collections. A Set guarantees the uniqueness of elements in List like interface. A Bag can contain any objects. The unique thing about it is that it keeps a count of the same objects.
int bananas = fruitBag.GetCount(b); {% endhighlight %}
The SortedList and the SortedDictionary both have a Dictionary interface. Why wouldn't the SortedList have an, uhh maybe, a List interface?
The IList interface is so anemic as to be basically worthless. IList does not even have an AddRange method (or an AddAll) to merge the values in one collection into another. It's so limited that it makes it very hard to return interfaces from classes which is a good idea to encapsulate the implementation details of methods.


Slide 1
Let's go to the next slide.
Slide 2
You can go back to previous slide or go to the next slide.
Slide 3
Let's go to the next slide.
It is so easy to navigate through slides
You can go back to previous slide or go to the next slide.
Use mouse wheel
No, really. Try to scroll up and down with the mouse wheel to switch between slides.
... Or use keyboard arrows
You go to previous and next slide, using up and down keyboard arrows.
Slide 4
No, really. Try to scroll up and down with the mouse wheel to switch between slides.
Slide 5
You go to previous and next slide, using up and down keyboard arrows.


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Course Grau en Tècniques d'Interacció Digital i de Computació
Deployed at University of Lleida
“Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma - which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.”Steve Jobs
A common project between 3 courses where students must apply the theory learned to solve a real-life engineering problem. The idea consists on created a startup based on a mobile application.


This user guide explains how to simulate solid-state cw EPR spectra of powders or single crystals using EasySpin's function pepper. It is assumed that you are familiar with the basics of MATLAB, esp. with structures.
It contains the following topics:Solid-state cw EPR spectra of powders and single crystals are computed by the EasySpin function pepper. It can be called with two or three parameters and can return both field axis and spectrum.
pepper(Sys,Exp); % plots the spectrum [Field,Spec] = pepper(Sys,Exp); % returns the field axis and the spectrum [Field,Spec] = pepper(Sys,Exp,Opt); % additional simulation options in Opt
Don't forget the ; (semicolon) at the end of the line to suppress output to the screen.
The first argument Sys
tells pepper
all about the
spin system, and the second argument Exp
gives the experimental
parameters. The third, optional, argument Opt
contains settings
concerning the simulation itself, like the number of orientations for powder simulations.
The outputs Field
and Spec
are arrays containing the magnetic field values
and the spectrum, respectively. If no output is requested, pepper
simple plots the spectrum.
If the outputs are requested, pepper
does not plot the spectrum, but you can plot it
yourself using
plot(Field,Spec);
Setting up a simulation and running it takes only a few lines of code. A very simple one would be
Sys.g = [2 2.1]; Sys.lwpp = 0.5; Exp.mwFreq = 9.5; pepper(Sys,Exp);
This simulates and plots the 9.5 GHz EPR spectrum of an S=1/2 system with an axial g tensor. Copy and paste the code above to your MATLAB command window to see the graph.
The first input argument to pepper
is a structure specifying
the spin system.
It contains fields for the electron spin(s), the nuclear spins,
and the various interaction parameters like g and hyperfine tensors.
pepper
automatically assumes S=1/2
for the spin quantum number.
For systems with higher spin or more than one unpaired electron, the spin quantum number
should be given in the field S
.
Sys.S = 1; % a triplet state Sys.S = 5/2; % for e.g. high-spin Mn2+ or high-spin Fe3+ Sys.S = [1/2, 1/2]; % for a biradical
The field g
contains the principal values of the g tensor(s). A simple rhombic
S=1/2 system (e.g., a low-spin Fe3+) is
Sys.g = [1.8, 2, 2.1];
Nuclear spins are included by specifying Nucs
(comma-separated
list of nuclei) and A
(array of hyperfine tensor principal values,
in MHz).
Sys.Nucs = '2H'; % one 2H (deuterium) nucleus Sys.A = [-1,-1,2]*4.2; % hyperfine principal values in MHz
If the A tensor is tilted with respect to the molecular frame, the tilt angles can be provided via the field AFrame
Sys.AFrame = [0 30 0]*pi/180; % [alpha beta gamma] in radians
The zero-field splitting is specified in the D
field, in units of
MHz. There are several different input possibilities:
Sys.D = 120; % D = 120 MHz, E = 0 Sys.D = [120 15]; % D = 120 MHz, E = 15 MHz Sys.D = [-25,-55,80]; % principal values of D tensor, in MHz
D and E are related to the principal values of the D tensor (see reference page on the zero-field splitting).
Details about all the spin Hamilton parameters can be found on the spin Hamiltonian reference page. It is also possible to include several electron spins. Refer to the page about spin system structures for details.
No cw EPR spectrum is infinitely sharp. Lines are usually broadened due
to several reasons. pepper
provides means to include several
line broadening models in a simulation.
The simplest way to include line broadening is to convolute a stick spectrum
with a (Gaussian or Lorentzian) lineshape after the end of the simulation.
Such a convolution broadening is specified in the spin system field lwpp
.
Sys.lwpp = 0.5; % Gaussian broadening of 0.5 mT PP Sys.lwpp = [0 2]; % Lorentzian broadening of 2 mT PP Sys.lwpp = [1 2]; % Gaussian PP of 1mT + Lorentzian PP of 2 mT
The line width is in mT and refers to peak-to-peak (PP) line widhts.
Instead, FWHM (full width at half height) line widths can be provided in the field
Sys.lw
.
Sys.lw = 0.5; % Gaussian broadening of 0.5 mT FWHM Sys.lw = [0 2]; % Lorentzian broadening of 2 mT FWHM
For details about line shapes and conversion formulas to/from FWHM and peak-to-peak widths, see the page on line shapes.
Physically, there are several origins for line broadening. Large contribution to broadening often comes from unresolved hyperfine couplings and from distributions in the various magnetic parameters lige g, A and D that result from structural variations from one paramagnetic center to the next.
To include effects from unresolved hyperfine couplings, an orientation-dependent
phenomenological broadening can be specified in HStrain
:
Sys.HStrain = [50 50 87]; % [along x, along y, along z], in MHz
Distributions in magnetic parameters are called strains. g and A strains are given in similar fields:
Sys.gStrain = [0.01 0.02 0.005]; Sys.AStrain = [10 10 30]; % in MHz
The three values in gStrain
are the FWHM parameters of the Gaussian
distributions of the respective g principal values given in Sys.g
.
AStrain
is the same for the A tensor. The g and A strains are
correlated.
Distributions of the D tensor values can be given in DStrain
, where
the first value is the width of the (scalar) D distribution, and the second is
the width for the E distribution.
All these broadening parameters can be combined. However, usually a modelling
of the broadening with lwpp
or HStrain
is absolutely
sufficient.
The second input argument, Exp
, collects all experimental settings. Just as the spin system, Exp
is a structure containing several fields.
Microwave frequency. To simulate an EPR spectrum, Easyspin needs at a minimum the spectrometer frequency. Put it into Exp.mwFreq
, in units of GHz.
Exp.mwFreq = 9.385; % X-band Exp.mwFreq = 34.9; % Q-band
Field range. There are two ways to enter the magnetic field sweep range. Either give the center field and the sweep width (in mT) in Exp.CenterSweep
, or specify the lower and upper limit of the sweep range (again in mT) in Exp.Range
.
Exp.CenterSweep = [340 80]; % in mT Exp.Range = [300 380]; % in mT
On many cw EPR spectrometers, the field range is specified using center field and sweep width, so Exp.CenterSweep
is often the more natural choice.
Exp.CenterSweep
and Exp.Range
are only optional. If both are omitted, EasySpin tries to determine a field range large enough to accomodate the full spectrum. This automatic ranging works for most common systems, but fails in some complicated situations. EasySpin will issue an error when it fails.
Points. By default, pepper
computes a 1024-point spectrum. However, you can change the number of points to a different value using
Exp.nPoints = 5001;
You can set any value, unlike some EPR spectrometers, where often only powers of 2 are available (1024, 2048, 4096, 8192).
Harmonic. By default, EasySpin computes the first-harmonic absorption spectrum, i.e. the first derivative of the absorption spectrum. By changing Exp.Harmonic
, you can request the absorption spectrum directly or the second-harmonic (second derivative) of it.
Exp.Harmonic = 0; % absorption spectrum, direct detection Exp.Harmonic = 1; % first harmonic (default) Exp.Harmonic = 2; % second harmonic
Modulation amplitude. If you want to include effects of field modulation like overmodulation, use Exp.ModAmp
Exp.ModAmp = 0.2; % 0.2 mT (2 G) modulation amplitude, peak-to-peak
Time constant. To include the effect of the time constant, apply the function rcfilt to the simulated spectrum.
For more advanced spectral simulations, EasySpin offers more possibilities in the experimental parameter structure Exp
.
Mode. Most cw EPR resonators operate in perpendicular mode, i.e., the oscillating magnetic field component of the microwave in the resonator is perpendicular to the static field. Some resonators can operate in parallel mode, where the microwave field is parallel to the static one. EasySpin can simulate both types of spectra:
Exp.Mode = 'perpendicular'; % perpendicular mode (default) Exp.Mode = 'parallel'; % parallel mode
Temperature. The polarizing effects of low sample temperatures can also be included in the simulation by specifying the temperature:
Exp.Temperature = 4.2; % temperature in kelvin
With this setting, EasySpin will include the relevant polarization factors resulting from a thermal equilibrium population of the energy levels. For S=1/2 systems, it is not necessary to include the temperature. However, it is important in high-spin systems with large zero-field splittings, and in coupled spin systems with exchange couplings.
Microwave phase. Occasionally, the EPR absorption signal has a small admixture of the dispersion signal. This happens for example when the microwave phase in the reference arm is not absolutely correctly adjusted. EasySpin can mix dispersion with absorption if a Lorentzian broadening is given:
Sys.lwpp = [0.2 0.01]; % Lorentzian broadening (2nd number) required Exp.mwPhase = 0; % pure absorption Exp.mwPhase = pi/2; % pure dispersion Exp.mwPhase = 3*pi/180; % 3 degrees dispersion admixed to absorption
If not specified otherwise, pepper
computes a powder spectrum. But it is as well straightforward to simulate spectra for a single crystal. The orientation (or orientations if more than one) of the single crystal can be provided in the experiment structure field Exp.CrystalOrientation
. This field should contain the tilt angles between crystal and laboratory frame (right-handed coordinate system with z along the static field and x along the microwave magnetic field), one set of three angles per row.
For a crystal with its molecular frame aligned with the laboratory frame, the setting is
Exp.CrystalOrientation = [0 0 0];
If you need more than one crystal at the same time, then just specify more than one orientation.
Exp.CrystalOrientation = [0 0 0; 0 pi/4 0];
If Exp.CrystalOrientation
is missing or set to []
(an empty array), pepper
simulates the powder spectrum.
In many crystals, there are several symmetry-related sites with identical paramagnetic centers differing only in their orientation in the crystal. You can tell pepper
about this by providing the crystal symmetry in the field Exp.CrystalSymmetry
, e.g.
Exp.CrystalSymmetry = 'P21/m'; % space group symbol Exp.CrystalSymmetry = 11; % space group number (between 1 and 230) Exp.CrystalSymmetry = 'C2h'; % point group, Schönflies notation Exp.CrystalSymmetry = '2/m'; % point group, Hermann-Mauguin notation
With the crystal symmetry given, pepper
not only computes the spectrum for the orientation given in Exp.CrystalOrientation
, but also for all symmetry-related sites.
The third input argument to pepper
contains simulation options.
All of them have reasonable default values, but sometimes it might be necessary
to change one of them. In the following the most important ones are presented.
If you want pepper
to print information about the simulation to
the command window during the computation, use
Options.Verbosity = 1;
'Verbosity'
tells pepper
how much of progress
information to show in the command window. 0 (the default)
suppresses all output, 1 is normal intormation, and 2 prints more information,
relevant only for debugging.
Another useful option is nKnots
, which determines how many
orientations pepper
will include in the simulation of a powder
spectrum. If this value is too low, the spectrum shape contains ripples.
nKnots
is the number of orientations between the z axis and
the x axis (between theta = 0 and theta = 90 degrees).
Options.nKnots = 31; % corresponds to 3-degree increments
The higher nKnots
, the finer the orientational grid.
The default value of 19 (5-degree increments) is appropriate for most systems.
A value larger than 181 (0.5-degree increments) is rarely needed.
After having computed the spectrum for a number of orientations specified
by nKnots
, the simulation function interpolates these spectra for
additional orientations before summing up all spectra. This interpolative
refinement can be configured with a second number in nKnots
.
nKnots = [19 4]
means that pepper
interpolates
additional 4 spectra between two adjacent orientations evaluated.
Options.nKnots = [19 10]; % massive interpolation Options.nKnots = [19 0]; % no interpolation
The option Output
can be used to determine the form in which
pepper
returns the spectral data.
% single crystal: orientations separately % powders: transitions separately Options.Output = 'separate'; % sum over all orientations and transitions Options.Output = 'summed';
There are more option fields available. For details, see the documentation page on pepper.
Often, an EPR spectrum shows a mixture of spin species. To simulate these spectra, each of the component spectra has to be simulated and added with the appropriate weight (depending on spin concentration) to the total spectrum.
This can be done automatically by pepper
. Just provide the component spin systems
with their weights as a cell array (in curly braces) to pepper
. For example, here
is the simulation of a very simple two-component mixture with 2:1 ratio of spin concentrations.
Sys1.g = 2; Sys1.lwpp = 1; Sys1.weight = 2; Sys2.g = 2.1; Sys2.lwpp = 0.8; Sys2.weight = 1; Exp.mwFreq = 9.5; Exp.Range = [300 360]; pepper({Sys1,Sys2},Exp);
You don't have to specify Sys.weight
- if it's absent it is assumed to be 1. These
weights are absolute, i.e. a simulation with Sys.weight=20
yields a spectrum that
is 10 times more intense than the one obtained with Sys.weight=2
. There is no limit
to the number of components in a simulation.
pepper
uses matrix diagonalization as thed default method for simulating spectra. For systems with several nuclei this can be very time-consuming. To accelerate such computations, pepper
provides first- and second-order perturbation theory as an alternative methods. The relevant simulation option that tells EasySpin about is Opt.Method
.
As an example, we look at the simulation of the spectrum of Cu2+ porphyrin.
Sys.S = 1/2; Sys.g = [2 2.2]; Sys = nucspinadd(Sys,'63Cu',[50 500]); A = [20 30]; Sys = nucspinadd(Sys,'14N',A); Sys = nucspinadd(Sys,'14N',A); Sys = nucspinadd(Sys,'14N',A); Sys = nucspinadd(Sys,'14N',A); Sys.lwpp = 0.5;
With matrix diagonalization (Opt.Method='matrix'
, which is the default), the simulation needs several hours. With second-order perturbation theory (Opt.Method='perturb2'
), the simulation is orders of magnitude faster, but potentially less accurate. We can compare the full matrix diagonalization to the perturbation simulation.
Exp.mwFreq = 9.5; Exp.Range = [260 380]; Opt.Method = 'matrix'; [x,y1] = pepper(Sys,Exp,Opt); Opt.Method = 'perturb2'; [x,y2] = pepper(Sys,Exp,Opt); plot(x,y1,'r',x,y2,'b');
pepper
can handle both thermal equilibrium and non-equilibrium
populations. Both are specified in the field Temperature
of the
experimental settings structure.
For thermal equilibrium, just give the temperature in kelvin:
Exp.Temperature = 77; % 77K, boiling point of liquid nitrogen
For non-equilibirum populations, Temperature
must be a
vector. If the spin systems contains N electron states, then
this vector must contain N elements, each specifying the population
of one of the electron states at zero field, sorted according to
their energy from lowest to highest.
E.g., an organic triplet with S=1 and I=1 has 3 electron states, each further split into three sublevels by the coupling to the nuclear spin. The population vector in this case should contain three elements:
Exp.Temperature = [0.6 0.8 1.1]; % highest state is most populated
This specifies that all the sublevels of the lowest zero-field electron states
have a population of 0.6, etc. The sublevels of the highest-energy zero-field
electron state have a population of 1.1. The populations don't have to be normalized,
pepper
takes care about that.
To compute the state populations for a non-zero field state,
pepper
decomposes it into a linear combination of zero-field
states and combines the zero-field populations using the resulting linear
combination coefficients.
A simple example of a non-equilibrium triplet system is
Sys.S = 1; Sys.g = 2; Sys.lw = 0.2; Sys.D = 100; Exp.mwFreq = 9.5; Exp.Range = [320 360]; Exp.Harmonic = 0; Exp.Temperature = [0.5 0.6 0.9]; pepper(Sys,Exp);
In powders and frozen solutions (disordered systems), paramagnetic molecules are randomly oriented in the sense that any orientation can occur with equal probability. In other situations, like in polymers, biomembranes or liquid crystals, the paramagnetic molecules may be partially aligned or ordered, so that some orientations are more probable than others. As a result, the spectra of such partially ordered systems are different from those of powders and frozen solutions.
pepper can include partial ordering in the spectral simulation. For this, set a value
(different from zero) in the experiment structure field Exp.Ordering
. It is a number which specifies the nature and
the degree of the ordering.
If it is zero, no ordering is used. Positive values mean that the molecules are partially aligned so that the magnetic field vector is mostly approximately parallel to the molecular z axis. Negative values specify partial ordering such that molecular orientations with the magnetic field vector in the molecular xy plane are more probable.
Exp.Ordering = 0; % all orientations equally populated Exp.Ordering = -1; % slightly preferential orientation with field in the molecular xy plane Exp.Ordering = +10; % strongly aligned such that field is along the molecular z axis
The ordering function used is very simple (see the pepper documentation for more information), but sufficient for many cases. Here is a simulation of a sample where the molecules are preferentially oriented such that the molecular z axis is close to the magnetic field vector:
Sys.g = [2 2 2.2]; Sys.lwpp = 1; Exp.mwFreq = 9.5; Exp.Ordering = +2; pepper(Sys,Exp);
You can also define your own custom orientational distribution in a separate function and supply to pepper
as a function handle in Exp.Ordering
. See the pepper documentation for details. Written as an anonymous function, the built-in orientational distribution is equivalent to
Exp.Ordering = @(phi,theta) exp(lambda*plegendre(2,0,cos(theta)));
where the EasySpin function plegendre returns the associated Legendre polynomial and lambda
corresponds to the number given in Exp.Ordering
.
pepper
, like the other cw EPR simulation functions garlic
and chili
, does field sweeps by default. However, you can it them to
simulate frequency-swept spectra as well.
For this, all you need to do is the following
Exp.Field
. Make sure you do not set Exp.mwFreq
,
otherwise EasySpin does not know what to do.
Exp.mwRange
or Exp.CenterSweep
. You can also omit these, in which case pepper
will determine an adequate range automatically.
Sys.lw
or Sys.lwpp
, make sure they are in MHz units. For a frequency sweep, these convolutional linewidth parameters are understood to be in MHz (and not in mT, as they are for field sweeps).
Here is an example of a frequency-swept spectrum of a nitroxide radical:
clear Sys.g = [2.008 2.006 2.002]; Sys.Nucs = '14N'; Sys.A = [20 20 100]; Sys.lwpp = 10; % peak-to-peak linewidth, in MHz Exp.Field = 340; % static field, in mT Exp.mwRange = [9.3 9.7]; % frequency range, in GHz pepper(Sys,Exp);
By default, pepper
returns the absorption spectrum (Exp.Harmonic=0
) when you simulate a frequency-swept spectrum. To get the first or second derivative, change Exp.Harmonic
to 1 or 2. Note however that Exp.ModAmp
is not supported for frequency sweeps.
All other capabilities of pepper
apply equally to frequency sweep and to field sweeps. For example,
you can simulate crystals or multi-component spectra, and you can change the excitation mode. Importantly, just like field sweeps, frequency sweeps can be simulated using different methods: matrix diagonalization (Opt.Method='matrix'
; highly accurate but potentially slow) or perturbation theory (Opt.Method='perturb'
, Opt.Method='perturb1'
, Opt.Method='perturb2'
; less accurate but much faster).


|
*** Above the Law |
|
|
Nationality: Sicilian Training/Specialty: Judo/CIA at 22/Vietnam KILLS: 12 Broken Bones |
|
| Elbows: 1 Right | Knees: |
| Back: 1 | Neck: 1 |
| Wrist: 1 Right | Ankles: |
| Fingers: | |
|
Notable Painful Injuries: Hand with gun cut off with blade, broken arm then neck and back |
|
|
One-liners:[Seagal hanging onto top of car] "You make a real nice hood ornament, Sarge" Guy: "You gon' need me." Seagal: "Why?"  Seagal: "You think you can afford my bail?" |


Community of folk interested in free and open source software for solving integration problems. We consist of members of two communities Apache Camel and Syndesis.
Open source integration framework from Apache Software Foundation
Low code visual environment for creating point to point integrations


[gecode-users] Partial sums
Christian Schulte
cschulte at kth.se
Wed Nov 28 16:16:12 CET 2007
Hi Malcolm,
Nice question! First, after some thinking I would say that both provide the
same strength of propagation for both bounds and domain consistency (that is
not obvious, actually). If the terms in the sum had non-unary coefficients
propagation would be different, with the ternary constraints having weaker
propagation.
Then, the number of propagation steps required for version (1) should be
lower than those for (2). However, the propagators for (1) are more costly.
So, I would just try it out, trying (2) first. How many variables are we
talking by the way? Tens? Hundreds? Thousands?
Cheers
Christian
--
Christian Schulte, www.ict.kth.se/~schulte/
-----Original Message-----
From: users-bounces at gecode.org [mailto:users-bounces at gecode.org] On Behalf
Of Malcolm Ryan
Sent: Tuesday, November 27, 2007 3:53 AM
To: gecode list
Subject: [gecode-users] Partial sums
If I have integer variables v1 ... vn and I want to compute the
partial sums:
s1 = v1
s2 = v1 + v2
s3 = v1 + v2 + v3
...
sn = v1 + ... + vn
What is the best way to express the constraints? As above (using
linear() constraints) or as:
si = si-1 + vi
Or is there another, better way? Or does it not make any difference?

- G.K.Chesterton, Orthodoxy
_______________________________________________
Gecode users mailing list
users at gecode.org
https://www.gecode.org/mailman/listinfo/gecode-users
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


Class: 'plurality of organisms'
http://purl.org/biotop/btl2.owl#PluralityOfOrganisms
Annotations (2)
definition
"Collection of two or more organisms of the same sort. "
()
label
"plurality of organisms"
()
Superclasses (2)
'collective material entity'
'has granular part'
only
organism
Disjoints (2)
'amount of pure substance'
,
'compound of collective material entities'
Usage (2)
Class
:
'plurality of organisms'
'entity at some time'
and
'plurality of organisms'
⊆
'is bearer of'
some
'taxon quality'


Pregnant woman killed by dogs while walking in French woods
A pregnant woman was killed by dogs while walking her own dog in a forest in northern France during a hunt with hounds, investigators said on Tuesday.
The body of the 29-year-old woman was found on Saturday in a forest outside the town of Villers-Cotterets, about 90km northeast of Paris, the prosecutor's office in nearby Soissons said.
An autopsy showed that she had died of "bleeding after several dog bites to the upper and lower limbs and the head," prosecutor Frederic Trinh said.
Some of the bites were "post mortem", he added.
Trinh said that tests had been carried out on 93 dogs, including some hounds from the hunt and five dogs belonging to the women herself, to try establish which ones attacked her.
The police have launched an investigation into manslaughter by dog attack.
According to local newspaper Le Courrier Picard, the dogs were hunting deer.
The woman had called her partner while walking her dog to report the presence of "threatening dogs", the prosecutor's office said.
It was he who later discovered her body.


Japanese ruling coalition are seeking JPY 10 tln for the extra budget - Nikkei
by Dhwani MehtaJapanese daily, the Nikkei Asian Review, carries the latest headlines, citing that the Japanese ruling coalition is considering approval for JPY 10 trillion for the extra budget.
This comes after Japanese senior ruling party official Toshihiro Nikai’s and Trade Minister also said on Tuesday that an extra budget of JPY 10 trillion is needed.
- Japan ruling party's Nikai: Need JPY 10 trln extra budget - Jiji
- Japan’s TradeMin: An extra budget of around JPY 10 tln is needed
The above piece of news has virtually no impact on the USD/JPY pair, as the anti-risk Yen continues to benefit from the risk-off flows driven by the latest China-US political tensions over the Hong Kong unrest while trade uncertainty lingers in the back drop. The spot trades -0.10% near 108.40 region.


## A Minimalistic Introduction to Kubernetes with Minikube Marty Ma 11 Nov 2019
## Goal * Enough about Kubernetes for you to explore more in details
## Agenda * What is Kubernetes? * Architecture * Objects * Practise: Deployments, Services, Scaling, Canary Deployments
## What is Kubernetes? * Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform * `Kubernetes` Greek, meaning helmsman or pilot
## Container orchestration * Most basic: the lifecycle of containers * create, delete, add, remove * Kubernetes has a lot more other features. We will focus on the lifecylce of containers.
## Objects * Cluster - A group of machines with a virtural private network * Nodes - machines * The Master node * Pods - a group of containers
## Architecture - cont. ![](https://d33wubrfki0l68.cloudfront.net/e298a92e2454520dddefc3b4df28ad68f9b91c6f/70d52/images/docs/pre-ccm-arch.png)
## Objects again * A cluster * A master and other nodes * Deployments * Pods * Services
## Deployments and Pods * minikube start * `alias k=kubectl` * `k cluster-info` * `k create deployment webserver --image=ngnix` * `k get deployments` * `k get pods --show-labels`
## Services * `k expose deployment webserver --type="LoadBalancer" --port 80` * `k get services` * In a different shell, `minikube tunnel` * `k get services` * `
/`
## Target state and Scaling * `k describe deployment webserver` * `k get pods` * `k delete pod POD_ID` * `k get pods` * `k scale deployment webserver --replicas=5` * `k scale deployment webserver --replicas=3`
## Labels and Canary deployment * `k create deployment webserver --image=nginx` * `k apply -f manifest/webserver-canary-deployment.yaml` * `k apply -f manifest/web-service.yaml` * `k get services`
## Thank you


library(ROhdsiWebApi) library(magrittr) if (Sys.getenv("baseUrl") == '') { server <- "ohdsiBaseUrl" } else {server <- "baseUrl"} baseUrl <- Sys.getenv(server)
ROhdsiWebApi is part of HADES.
From Package Readme
ROhdsiWebApi is a R based interface to ‘WebApi’ (OHDSI RESTful services), and performs GET/PULL/POST/DELETE calls via the WebApi. All objects starting from R or output to R - are analysis ready R-objects like list and data.frame. The package handles the intermediary steps by converting R-objects to JSON and vice versa. To ensure r-objects are analysis ready, the objects are type converted where possible, e.g. date/date time are converted from string to POSIXct.
This package makes reproducible research easier, by offering ability to retrieve detailed study specifications, transport study specifications from one instance to another, programmatically invoke the generation of a sequence of steps that are part of a study, manage running studies in batch mode.
This document will attempt to explain how ROhdsiWebApi maybe used to achieve reproducible research.
To successfully use ROhdsiWebApi, it is necessary to have an active ‘WebApi’ endpoint with a known baseUrl such as “http://server.org:80/WebAPI”. ‘WebApi’ has many functional categories.
To ensure reproducibility of work it is best to know the version of the WebApi (i.e. Atlas backend) being used. An easy way to do that is (and output maybe included in your study results)
version <- ROhdsiWebApi:::getWebApiVersion(baseUrl = baseUrl) message1 <- paste0('This Vignette was created using WebApi version: ', version, ' on baseUrl: ', baseUrl, ". The CDM had the following source data configured: ") cdmSources <- ROhdsiWebApi::getCdmSources(baseUrl = baseUrl) priorityVocabulary <- ROhdsiWebApi::getPriorityVocabularyKey(baseUrl = baseUrl)
The object version
will show your webApi version. Example: This Vignette was created using WebApi version: 2.8.0 on baseUrl: https://epi.jnj.com:8443/WebAPI. The CDM had the following source data configured: .
cdmSources #> # A tibble: 40 x 7 #> sourceId sourceName sourceKey sourceDialect cdmDatabaseSche~ vocabDatabaseSc~ #> <int> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> #> 1 254 CPRD ACE ~ CDM_CPRD~ pdw CDM_CPRD_ACE_AR~ CDM_CPRD_ACE_AR~ #> 2 228 CPRD (v11~ CDM_CPRD~ pdw CDM_CPRD_V1102.~ CDM_CPRD_V1102.~ #> 3 255 CPRD COVI~ CDM_CPRD~ pdw CDM_CPRD_v1226.~ CDM_CPRD_v1226.~ #> 4 172 HCUP (v86~ CDM_HCUP~ pdw CDM_HCUP_V869.d~ CDM_HCUP_V869.d~ #> 5 229 IBM CCAE ~ CDM_IBM_~ pdw CDM_IBM_CCAE_V1~ CDM_IBM_CCAE_V1~ #> 6 238 IBM CCAE ~ CDM_IBM_~ pdw CDM_IBM_CCAE_V1~ CDM_IBM_CCAE_V1~ #> 7 231 IBM MDCD ~ CDM_IBM_~ pdw CDM_IBM_MDCD_V1~ CDM_IBM_MDCD_V1~ #> 8 230 IBM MDCR ~ CDM_IBM_~ pdw CDM_IBM_MDCR_V1~ CDM_IBM_MDCR_V1~ #> 9 239 IBM MDCR ~ CDM_IBM_~ pdw CDM_IBM_MDCR_V1~ CDM_IBM_MDCR_V1~ #> 10 162 Iqvia Aus~ CDM_IQVI~ pdw CDM_IQVIA_AUSTR~ CDM_IQVIA_AUSTR~ #> # ... with 30 more rows, and 1 more variable: resultsDatabaseSchema <chr>
The priority vocabulary for the WebApi is VOCABULARY_20200320.
We can also perform checks on the WebApi, example - we may want to see if the ‘HCUP’ & ‘SYNPUF1K’ is a valid SourceKey in the current webApi.
ROhdsiWebApi::isValidSourceKey(sourceKeys = c('HCUP', 'SYNPUF1K'), baseUrl = baseUrl) #> [1] TRUE FALSE
WebApi maybe considered to have certain modular analytic categories. ROhdsiWebApi supports the following categories:
#> # A tibble: 7 x 2
#> ` Category` Features
#> <chr> <chr>
#> 1 ConceptSet Functions for interfacing with ConceptSet in WebApi
#> 2 Cohort Functions for interfacing with Cohort in WebApi
#> 3 IncidenceRate Functions for interfacing with IncidenceRate in WebApi
#> 4 Estimation Functions for interfacing with Estimation in WebApi
#> 5 Prediction Functions for interfacing with Prediction in WebApi
#> 6 Characterization Functions for interfacing with Characterization in WebApi
#> 7 Pathway Functions for interfacing with Pathway in WebApi
ROhdsiWebApi maybe better understood by having atleast a high level understanding of CRUD framework for WebApi, i.e. the GET, PUT, DELETE, POST calls to the API. See the documentation of the WebApi.
For each supported category, ROhdsiWebAPi performs GET, PUT, DELETE, POST calls to WebApi in background. The details of what calls are actually performed is less important to an analyst, but it is useful to understand the naming conventions of ROhdsiWebApi.
Most functions in ROhdsiWebApi start with an action oriented ‘verb’ - such as
Most of the functions start with the following verbs:
#> # A tibble: 12 x 2
#> `Function Verb` `Number Of Functions`
#> <chr> <int>
#> 1 Get 37
#> 2 Isvalid 9
#> 3 Delete 8
#> 4 Post 8
#> 5 Detect 7
#> 6 Exists 7
#> 7 Cancel 5
#> 8 Invoke 5
#> 9 Insert 2
#> 10 Convert 1
#> 11 Create 1
#> 12 Resolve 1
A function to get Definition
is getDefinitionMetaData
function. This is a general function that is able to get the Metadata for all specifications within a category.
ROhdsiWebApi::getDefinitionsMetadata(baseUrl = baseUrl, category = 'cohort') %>% dplyr::arrange(.data$id) %>% dplyr::rename_all(.funs = SqlRender::camelCaseToTitleCase) %>% tail() #> # A tibble: 6 x 7 #> Id Name Description `Created By` `Created Date` `Modified By` #> <int> <chr> <chr> <lgl> <dttm> <lgl> #> 1 16685 [EPI~ <NA> NA 2015-05-26 15:42:00 NA #> 2 16686 [RWE~ "AED stand~ NA 2015-05-26 15:42:00 NA #> 3 16687 [RWE~ "AED stand~ NA 2015-05-26 15:42:00 NA #> 4 16688 [RWE~ "Notes: In~ NA 2015-05-26 15:42:00 NA #> 5 16689 [Phe~ "Thirumurt~ NA 2015-05-26 15:42:00 NA #> 6 16690 [RWE~ <NA> NA 2015-05-26 15:42:00 NA #> # ... with 1 more variable: `Modified Date` <dttm>
The same output may be achieved using
ROhdsiWebApi::getCohortDefinitionsMetaData(baseUrl = baseUrl) %>% dplyr::arrange(.data$id) %>% dplyr::rename_all(.funs = SqlRender::camelCaseToTitleCase) %>% tail() #> # A tibble: 6 x 7 #> Id Name Description `Created By` `Created Date` `Modified By` #> <int> <chr> <chr> <lgl> <dttm> <lgl> #> 1 16685 [EPI~ <NA> NA 2015-05-26 15:42:00 NA #> 2 16686 [RWE~ "AED stand~ NA 2015-05-26 15:42:00 NA #> 3 16687 [RWE~ "AED stand~ NA 2015-05-26 15:42:00 NA #> 4 16688 [RWE~ "Notes: In~ NA 2015-05-26 15:42:00 NA #> 5 16689 [Phe~ "Thirumurt~ NA 2015-05-26 15:42:00 NA #> 6 16690 [RWE~ <NA> NA 2015-05-26 15:42:00 NA #> # ... with 1 more variable: `Modified Date` <dttm>
Similar approach may be used for all categories as follows:
ROhdsiWebApi::getDefinitionsMetadata(baseUrl = baseUrl, category = 'estimation') %>% dplyr::arrange(.data$id) %>% dplyr::rename_all(.funs = SqlRender::camelCaseToTitleCase) %>% tail() #> # A tibble: 6 x 6 #> Id Name `Created Date` `Modified Date` Type Description #> <int> <chr> <dttm> <dttm> <chr> <chr> #> 1 134 [EPI_756] An~ 2020-05-13 10:04:55 2020-05-13 15:33:43 Compa~ <NA> #> 2 135 [EPI_756] An~ 2020-05-14 13:34:33 2020-05-14 13:36:07 Compa~ <NA> #> 3 136 [EPI_756] An~ 2020-05-15 15:53:34 2020-05-15 15:54:15 Compa~ <NA> #> 4 137 [REWARDB] Es~ 2020-05-24 10:10:15 2020-05-25 13:15:57 Compa~ <NA> #> 5 143 [ONC] Multip~ 2020-05-27 21:15:58 NA Compa~ <NA> #> 6 146 HCQ-psych ou~ 2020-05-29 17:02:17 2020-05-29 17:13:53 Compa~ <NA>
ROhdsiWebApi::getEstimationDefinitionsMetaData(baseUrl = baseUrl) %>% dplyr::arrange(.data$id) %>% dplyr::rename_all(.funs = SqlRender::camelCaseToTitleCase) %>% tail() #> # A tibble: 6 x 6 #> Id Name `Created Date` `Modified Date` Type Description #> <int> <chr> <dttm> <dttm> <chr> <chr> #> 1 134 [EPI_756] An~ 2020-05-13 10:04:55 2020-05-13 15:33:43 Compa~ <NA> #> 2 135 [EPI_756] An~ 2020-05-14 13:34:33 2020-05-14 13:36:07 Compa~ <NA> #> 3 136 [EPI_756] An~ 2020-05-15 15:53:34 2020-05-15 15:54:15 Compa~ <NA> #> 4 137 [REWARDB] Es~ 2020-05-24 10:10:15 2020-05-25 13:15:57 Compa~ <NA> #> 5 143 [ONC] Multip~ 2020-05-27 21:15:58 NA Compa~ <NA> #> 6 146 HCQ-psych ou~ 2020-05-29 17:02:17 2020-05-29 17:13:53 Compa~ <NA>
This is a generic framework that applies to most WebApi categories, and supports different types of CRUD functionalities like deleteConceptSetDefinition() vs deleteDefinition(category = ‘conceptSet’).
Please review ‘Concept sets - The Book of OHDSI’
We commonly post concept set expression into WebApi/Atlas, or try get an expression from Atlas/WebApi based on a conceptSetDefinitionId.
Example: lets say we have concept set expression as follows, that is being used for a Rheumatoid Arthritis study.
jsonExpression <- [1575 chars quoted with ''']
Lets call this concept set expression - ‘[ROhdsiWebApi Vignette] Rheumatoid Arthritis concept set’.
#> Successfully deleted conceptSet definition id 11357. Request status code: Success: (204) No Content
#> NULL
Note: function does not accept JSON. It needs to be converted to R (list) expression
We can post the concept set expression into WebApi as follows:
#> Post ConceptSet definition was successful
If successful, we will get a return object as follows into R.
#> # A tibble: 1 x 6
#> createdBy modifiedBy createdDate modifiedDate id name
#> <lgl> <lgl> <dttm> <dttm> <int> <chr>
#> 1 NA NA 2020-06-11 14:48:41 2020-06-11 14:48:41 11358 [ROhdsiWeb~
The id of the newly posted concept-set definition is 11358. We can now use this concept-set for many concept set queries eg.,
conceptSetDefinition = getConceptSetDefinition(conceptSetId = returnFromPostRequest$id, baseUrl = baseUrl) conceptTbl <- convertConceptSetDefinitionToTable(conceptSetDefinition) names(conceptTbl) <- SqlRender::camelCaseToTitleCase(names(conceptTbl)) conceptTbl #> # A tibble: 3 x 13 #> `Is Excluded` `Include Descen~ `Include Mapped` `Concept Id` `Concept Name` #> <lgl> <lgl> <lgl> <int> <chr> #> 1 TRUE FALSE FALSE 81097 Felty's syndr~ #> 2 FALSE TRUE FALSE 80809 Rheumatoid ar~ #> 3 FALSE TRUE FALSE 4035611 Seropositive ~ #> # ... with 8 more variables: `Standard Concept` <chr>, `Standard Concept #> # Caption` <chr>, `Invalid Reason` <chr>, `Invalid Reason Caption` <chr>, #> # `Concept Code` <chr>, `Domain Id` <chr>, `Vocabulary Id` <chr>, `Concept #> # Class Id` <chr>
createConceptSetWorkbook
maybe used to create an Excel workbook of the concept set.
If we want a list of all conceptId’s (including descendants) from the concept set expression
resolvedConcepts = resolveConceptSet(conceptSetDefinition = conceptSetDefinition, baseUrl = baseUrl) print("Note: Showing only the first 10 concept id's") #> [1] "Note: Showing only the first 10 concept id's" resolvedConcepts[1:10] #> [1] 80809 4035427 4035611 4103516 4114439 4114440 4114441 4114442 4114444 #> [10] 4115050
The concept set expression json expression can be recaptured from WebApi as follows
json <- getConceptSetDefinition(baseUrl = baseUrl, conceptSetId = returnFromPostRequest$id )$expression %>% RJSONIO::toJSON(pretty = TRUE)
Please review ‘What is a cohort - The Book of OHDSI’.
We define a cohort as a set of persons who satisfy one or more inclusion criteria for a duration of time. The term cohort is often interchanged with the term phenotype. Cohorts are used throughout OHDSI analytical tools and network studies as the primary building blocks for executing a research question.
A cohort is defined as the set of persons satisfying one or more inclusion criteria for a duration of time. One person may qualify for one cohort multiple times during non-overlapping time intervals. Cohorts are constructed in ATLAS by specifying cohort entry criteria and cohort exit criteria. Cohort entry criteria involve selecting one or more initial events, which determine the start date for cohort entry, and optionally specifying additional inclusion criteria which filter to the qualifying events. Cohort exit criteria are applied to each cohort entry record to determine the end date when the person’s episode no longer qualifies for the cohort.
Cohorts/Characterization/Incidence Rate are WebApi categories, where WebApi manages the execution of generations.
Example: We may want to know if a certain cohort specification has been generated by checking cohort generation status getCohortGenerationInformation(baseUrl = baseUrl, cohortId= 4234)
. If a cohort is not previously generated, it may be generated using invokeCohortSetGeneration(baseUrl = baseUrl, cohortId = 4234, sourceKey = 'HCUP')
. If it is already generated, we can extract its output of cohort generation using getCohortResults(baseUrl, cohortId = 4234)
.
Please review ‘Characterization - The Book of OHDSI’.
Please review ‘Population Level Effect Estimation - The Book of OHDSI’.
Please review ‘Patient Level Prediction - The Book of OHDSI’.


When using dbstl, make sure memory allocated in the heap is released after use. The rules for this are:
dbstl will free/delete any memory allocated by dbstl itself.
You are responsible for freeing/deleting any memory allocated by your code outside of dbstl.
When you open a DbEnv
or
Db
object using
dbstl::open_env()
or
dbstl::open_db()
, you do
not need to delete that object. However, if you new'd
that object and then opened it without using the
dbstl::open_env()
or
dbstl::open_db()
methods,
you are responsible for deleting the object.
Note that you must new
the
Db
or
DbEnv
object, which
allocates it on the heap. You can not allocate it on
the stack. If you do, the order of destruction is
uncontrollable, which makes dbstl unable to work
properly.
You can call dbstl_exit()
before the process exits, to release any memory
allocated by dbstl that has to live during the entire
process lifetime. Releasing the memory explicitly will
not make much difference, because the process is about
to exit and so all memory allocated on the heap is
going to be returned to the operating system anyway.
The only real difference is that your memory leak
checker will not report false memory leaks.
dbstl_exit()
releases any memory
allocated by dbstl on the heap. It also performs other
required shutdown operations, such as closing any
databases and environments registered to dbstl and
shared across the process.
If you are calling the
dbstl_exit()
function, and
your DbEnv
or
Db
objects are new'd by
your code, the dbstl_exit()
function should be called before deleting the
DbEnv
or
Db
objects, because they
need to be closed before being deleted. Alternatively,
you can call the
dbstl::close_env()
or
dbstl::close_db()
functions before deleting the
DbEnv
or
Db
objects in order to
explicitly close the databases or environments. If you
do this, can then delete these objects, and then call
dbstl_exit()
.
In addition, before exiting a thread that uses
dbstl API, you can call the
dbstl_thread_exit()
function
to release any Berkeley DB handles if they are not
used by other threads. If you do not call the
dbstl_thread_exit()
function
or call this function only in some threads, all open
Berkeley DB handles will be closed by the
dbstl_exit()
function. You
must call the dbstl_exit()
function before the process exits, to avoid
memory leak and database update loss, if you do not
have transactions and persistent log files.
Only when you are storing raw bytes (such as a
bitmap) do you have to store and retrieve data by
using the DbstlDbt
helper
class. Although you also can do so simply by using the
Berkeley DB Dbt
class, the
DbstlDbt
class offers more
convenient memory management behavior.
When you are storing
DbstlDbt
objects (such as
db_vector<DbstlDbt>
),
you must allocate heap memory
explicitly using the malloc()
function for the DbstlDbt
object to reference, but you do not need to free the
memory – it is automatically freed by the
DbstlDbt
object that owns
it by calling the standard C library
free()
function.
However, because dbstl supports storing any type of
object or primitive data, it is rare that you would
have to store data using
DbstlDbt
objects while
using dbstl. Examples of storing
DbstlDbt
objects can be
found in the
StlAdvancedFeaturesExample::arbitrary_object_storage()
and
StlAdvancedFeaturesExample::char_star_string_storage()
methods.


Provides an array of functions to call after the root module is created
Provides an array of functions to call before the root module is created
Provides the default error handler
Provides the middleware to invoke after to controller action handler
Provides the middleware to invoke before to controller action handler
Provides the http server
Provides an array of view directories
Provides the name of the default view engine
Provides a path prefix for the views in the current module/controller
Provide a middleware for a controller
Bootstrap factory
Provide an additional view directory
Provide an view prefix
Generated using TypeDoc
Provides the express Application


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Budget your expectations
Best Cheap Android Phones: Black Friday 2019 - Deals & Buyer's Guide
by Daniel BaderBest Cheap Android Phones Android Central 2019
It's 2019, and flagship smartphones are all nearly a thousand dollars or more. But as high-end phones get more expensive, cheaper phones are getting better. Phones under $300 are beautifully designed, with great screens, super-long battery life, excellent cameras, and awesome speakers. We've researched and ranked all of the best cheap Android phones you can buy, and with our buyer's guide, you'll find the perfect phone for you.
- Best Overall: Moto G7
- Best Value: Nokia 7.1
- Upgrade Pick: Google Pixel 3a
- Best Features: Samsung Galaxy A50
- Best Build Quality: Nokia 7.2
- Best Battery Life: Moto G7 Power
- Best Under $200: Nokia 4.2
- Best Under $100: Alcatel 1X
- Best With a Caveat: Xiaomi Mi 9T
- Best Outside The U.S.: Xiaomi Redmi Note 7
If you're hoping to get one of these affordable phones for even cheaper than usual, there's no better time than Black Friday (and the weeks leading up to it). Our expert deal hunters are looking for new sales and discounts around the clock, and we'll be updating the pricing in this article as it changes.
Best Android Phone Deals for Black Friday
Moto G6 Case,Yiakeng Dual Layer Wallet Accessories Bumper Hard Protective Flip Waterproof Phone Cases Cover with A Kickstand for Motorola Moto G (6th Generation) 5.7" (Armor Blue)
$7.68 $12.00 Save $4 (34%)
(2 Pack) Supershieldz for Motorola Moto G6 Tempered Glass Screen Protector, Anti Scratch, Bubble Free
$6.99 $29.99 Save $23 (77%)
Motorola One Action - Unlocked Smartphone - Global Version - 128GB - Denim Blue (US Warranty) - Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, Sprint, Boost, Cricket, Metro
$249.99 $349.99 Save $100 (29%)
Best Overall: Moto G7
The Moto G7 and its other budget counterparts on this list have impressive, high-resolution touchscreens, reliable software, and great cameras. Some features, like NFC, drive up manufacturing costs, so you have to weigh whether you need NFC-enabled features like mobile payments. And the Moto G7 also lacks the same graphical power as its more expensive competitors, but most games play without issue, even at medium or high settings, because Android games are designed to play on hardware of all sizes and prices.
At the same time, Motorola's given the G7 a computational and memory upgrade, shipping the new Snapdragon 632 along with 4GB of RAM and 64GB of storage standard, numbers that would have been unheard of in a $300 phone just two years ago.
The Moto G7 has all the major features you need from a modern smartphone.
Motorola has had years of practice making the Moto G line into a budget powerhouse; when it designed the first Moto G back in 2013, it eschewed expensive materials like metal and glass and focused instead on the core experience. Starting in 2016, Motorola began finding ways to add essential features like fingerprint sensors, and now the Moto G7 is made from a premium-feeling and resilient plastic frame and is covered on the front and back with Gorilla Glass.
But while the Moto G lineup tends to use less expensive components and materials, Motorola's excellent manufacturing results in a device that does not sacrifice quality.
At the same time, Motorola understands its audience, which is why it includes a dual-camera setup to the Moto G7. The second camera adds depth effects like portrait mode without sacrificing the excellent pedigree of the primary 12MP sensor.
Finally, if you're in the U.S., the Moto G7 is one of the few sub-$300 phones to work on all four U.S. carriers, and it's even sold directly at a few carriers, another advantage of Motorola's long-standing relationship with companies like Verizon.
Pros:
- Great build quality and design
- Excellent main rear camera
- Compatible with all major U.S. and international carriers
- Moto Display adds tremendous value
- Comes with Android 9 Pie
Cons:
- Moto G line isn't known for swift software updates
- Lacks NFC
Best Overall
Moto G7
The best budget Android phone for most people
Motorola's 2019 Moto G is well-built, nicely-designed, and has some excellent upgrades over its predecessor, including a faster processor, improved display, and rear fingerprint sensor.
Best Value: Nokia 7.1
The Nokia 7.1 brings a ton of value to a $280 unlocked phone. From the dual camera setup that shoots impressive low-light photos to the premium-feeling 6000-series aluminum design, you would be forgiven for thinking this device costs double its actual retail price.
The best part isn't even the hardware — the phone ships with Android 9 Pie onboard, and thanks to Android One will get two years of platform updates and security patches. The downside is that it's only compatible with GSM carriers like AT&T and T-Mobile in the U.S., meaning that if you're on Sprint, Verizon, or one of their prepaid subsidiaries, you're out of luck.
Pros:
- Beautiful glass and metal design
- Two years of updates and security patches
- Clean and simple Android One software
- Cameras are relatively good in low light
- Snapdragon 636 is speedy
Cons:
- No CDMA carrier support
- Not everyone will love the notch
Best Value
Nokia 7.1
Way more phone for a little more cash
The Nokia 7.1 packs a whole lot of phone into $280. It has a powerful Snapdragon 636 processor and 4GB of RAM, along with ample 64GB storage and a beautiful 5.85-inch screen. If you don't mind a bit of a notch, it's a looker, too, with a sharp aluminum frame and a lovely dual-camera rear design.
Upgrade Pick: Google Pixel 3a
The Pixel 3a manages to pack all of the best parts of the standard Pixel 3 into a more affordable package by using a middle-of-the-road chipset and a polycarbonate body. The result is a nearly identical-looking phone for hundreds less that takes incredible photos using the same image processing and Night Sight technology.
While it'll run you an extra Benjamin over the Moto G7, the Pixel 3a is without a doubt the phone you should look at if photography is your main priority. It's not just good for its price, the Pixel 3a takes some of the best photos of any phone on the market, even though it only has one lens. You also get a squeaky clean build of Android with three years of guaranteed software updates. It's also available at three of the four major U.S. carriers, which is a first for the Pixel lineup.
Pros:
- Incredible camera
- Excellent build quality with polycarbonate shell
- Three years of updates
- Clean Android build
- Available at most carriers
Cons:
- $400 isn't super cheap
- Performance is a bit slow
Upgrade Pick
Google Pixel 3a
The uncontested budget photography king
The Pixel 3a takes absolutely stunning photos, using the same image processing as the standard Pixel 3, and comes with the promise of three years of software updates. It's a bit pricey compared to other phones on this list, but it's the best photography option by a mile.
Best Features: Samsung Galaxy A50
Samsung isn't usually associated with good cheap phones — at least that used to be the case — but in 2019, the company has invested tremendously in its new Galaxy A line, bringing the best features of its flagships down to a much more reasonable price bracket. The Galaxy A50 is one such beneficiary, with a beautiful 6.4-inch Super AMOLED display — probably the best on this list — along with a super-fast Exynos 9610 processor, 4GB of RAM, 64GB of storage, and a massive 4,000mAh battery.
But the pièce de résistance of the Galaxy A50 is its triple rear camera setup, which includes a primary 25MP sensor, an 8MP secondary super wide-angle camera, and a third 5MP sensor for depth. There's also a massive 25MP front-facing selfie camera, too, hidden in the teardrop notch.
To justify its $275 to $350 price (depending on where you buy it), Samsung's included an under-display fingerprint sensor, something missing on all the other phones on this list. Samsung's also making a big deal of its One UI software, which runs on top of Android 9 Pie.
Pros
- Big, beautiful AMOLED display
- Excellent triple camera setup
- Samsung's One UI is among the best Android skins around
- Huge 4,000mAh battery
Cons
- Unlocked model lacks NFC
- Primary camera isn't quite as good as Nokia 7.1 or Pixel 3a
Best Features
Samsung Galaxy A50
Samsung's best budget phone in years.
Samsung's bringing its A-game with the Galaxy A50, a fantastic device that you can (and should) pick up for under $300 if you value plenty of features and a beautiful display.
Best Build Quality: Nokia 7.2
The Nokia 7.2 is the successor to the ultra-successful (see what we did there?) Nokia 7.1, and it's better in every way. It continues the company's legacy of outstanding build quality with a super-strong polycarbonate frame — that green colorway is even nicer-looking in real life — that feels like metal but can withstand scratches and drops far better.
The hardware has been given a nice boost over the 7.1, too: a Snapdragon 660 processor powers the Nokia 7.2, along with 4GB of RAM and 128GB of storage, which ensures it's going to last well into the 2020s. Nokia also puts Android One on all of its phones, providing at least two platform updates and regular security patches — something the company has over our top pick, the Moto G7.
But the real reason to look into the Nokia 7.2 is its triple-camera setup, which includes a massive 48MP primary camera. You can also choose to use the ultra-wide camera for incredible landscape shots, or grab some impressive portrait photos with the dedicated depth sensor.
Pros:
- Great build quality
- Awesome big screen
- Triple camera is super useful
- Android One software is unbeatable
- Works on Verizon, T-Mobile and AT&T
Cons:
- Snapdragon 660 is already quite dated
- Doesn't work on Sprint
Best Build Quality
Nokia 7.2
Hard to beat, harder to destroy
The Nokia 7.2 is an excellent follow-up to one of our favorite phones. It's fast, beautiful, and can withstand abuse. What more do you want?
Best Battery Life: Moto G7 Power
If you're more into viewing content than worrying about how good that content looks, the Moto G7 Power is the better choice than the Moto G7 — or practically any other budget handset. It's got a massive 5,000mAh battery that keeps it going longer than almost any phone on the market, but trades in some screen resolution — its 6.2-inch display is only 720p, compared to the 1080p panel on the main Moto G7.
Other than that, though, the Moto G7 Power has the same basic specs as the G7 — a Snapdragon 632 processor and 3GB of RAM, as well as a rear fingerprint sensor and a 12MP rear camera. It also features Motorola's excellent Android software, which takes Google's stock Android Pie and adds a bunch of Moto Experiences, including an unmatched ambient display and some handy gestures.
But really, at $249, the main draw here is the price — and the amount of crazy uptime you're going to get with this phone. If you're not the kind of person who likes to charge their phone every night, or just uses it all the time, this is the one to get.
Pros:
- Huge battery lasts days, not hours
- Great software experience
- Decent rear camera
- Nice design
- Works on all four U.S. carriers
Cons
- Low-res 720p display with a notch
- Motorola has a poor software update track record
- No NFC support
Best Battery Life
Moto G7 Power
The biggest battery you'll find today.
If battery life is your primary concern, and screen or photo quality less so, the Moto G7 Power is the best phone you can buy. Just beware of slow updates.
Best Under $200: Nokia 4.2
If you were impressed by the Nokia 7.1's build materials for the money, the Nokia 4.2 features the same design, and similar construction (the frame is metal, but the body is plastic) for just over half the price. Its tiny teardrop notch means you get an almost all-display device, and you still get Android 9 Pie thanks to the phone being part of the Android One program.
There's a fingerprint sensor along the back, and a dedicated Google Assistant button on the side for quick voice commands. The power button doubles as a notification LED, glowing different colors to denote specific apps, and remarkably, this $190 phone has NFC to allow for Google Pay — something you rarely see in this price range.
You do have to sacrifice a bit of performance, but in the end, Nokia's latest is a steal at under $200.
Pros:
- Outstanding build materials
- NFC-compatible
- Android One with Pie out of the box
- Notification LED in the power button
- Smooth performance over Snapdragon 439
Cons:
- Micro- USB charging
- Not CDMA-compatible
Best Under $200
Nokia 4.2
Excellent hardware and clean software on the cheap
The Nokia 4.2 has a fantastic metal and glass design and a clean build of Android 9 Pie with the promise of timely, continued updates thanks to Android One. It even has NFC for mobile payments. For under $200, there's really not a lot to complain about.
Best Under $100: Alcatel 1X
There's not much fancy or extravagant about the Alcatel 1X; it's all plastic and has a mere 1GB of RAM. But if all you need is a basic smartphone to make calls, browse the web and social media, and take a few photos of questionable quality, the 1X is a great option.
It runs Android Go Edition, a scaled-back version of the operating system that's optimized to run well on low-level hardware. That hardware isn't all bad, either; the 5.3-inch display is refreshingly easy to use in one hand, and has a modern 18:9 aspect ratio for squeezing in as much content as possible. You also get a rear-mounted fingerprint sensor, and the 1X is compatible with both AT&T and T-Mobile's networks.
If you're looking for something a bit more robust, Amazon is currently selling the much more powerful Alcatel 3V for $130, though it's usually on sale for $150. The 3V features a bigger 6-inch screen and double the RAM of the Alcatel 1X, but doesn't run the Android Go software, so the experience may not be quite as smooth.
Pros:
- Extremely affordable
- Fingerprint sensor for quick authentication
- Android Go is optimized for inexpensive hardware
- Compatible with GSM networks in the U.S.
Cons:
- Very modest specs
- Weak camera performance
Best Under $100
Alcatel 1X
An excellent Android experience under a hundred
Priced under $100, the Alcatel 1X runs Android Oreo Go Edition, Google's suite of apps, and software optimizations to make Android run great on less-expensive hardware.
Best With a Caveat: Xiaomi Mi 9T
Xiaomi isn't a well-known name in the West, but it should be: this company is making some of the best Android phones you can buy, for considerably less than competitors like Samsung or even Nokia. The Mi 9T is the international version of the Redmi K20, which is one of the most popular phones in China and India. For under $300, you get one of the most comprehensive spec sheets out there, including a Snapdragon 730, 6GB of RAM, a 4000mAh battery, and a beautiful 6.4-inch display.
But the best part of the phone is its triple-camera setup on the back, which includes a super-sharp 48MP primary sensor along with ultra-wide and telephoto cameras. And the motorized 20MP front-facing camera pops out of the phone like party trick, which also allows for a near bezel-less display.
U.S. buyers take note: The version on Amazon US is an international model and won't work on Sprint or Verizon or any of their MVNOs. It will work perfectly on AT&T and T-Mobile. It also has no U.S. warranty.
Pros
- Amazing specs for the price
- Huge 4000mAh battery
- Beautiful bezel-less design
- Great triple-camera setup
Cons
- MIUI isn't for everyone
- May not receive updates as often as phones in the west
Best With a Caveat
Xiaomi Mi 9T
Everything you could want
Xiaomi has another winner on its hands with the Mi 9T. It's fast, it's well-designed, and features everything you'd want in a high-end phone but for just $300.
Best Outside the U.S.: Redmi Note 7
If you don't know the Redmi brand from Xiaomi, you should probably learn about it. The company doesn't officially sell its products in the U.S., but the Chinese company has been expanding like crazy into India and parts of Asia and Europe. The Redmi brand is its budget line, taking on Honor, OPPO, and Vivo, and the Redmi Note 7 is one of the best deals you can find.
Like the Honor 8X, if you're in the U.S., you're buying a phone that wasn't really made for that market — but it will work great on AT&T and T-Mobile (and their sub-brands Cricket and Metro, along with other MVNOs). But Xiaomi is a company that you should probably learn more about because of the Redmi Note 7, with its Snapdragon 660 processor, 4GB of RAM, and 64GB of storage — all for under $200 — is one of the best deals in town.
The back has a massive 48MP camera, along with a second 5MP sensor for depth, and the 6.35-inch display is incredible for the price.
U.S. buyers take note: The version on Amazon US is an international model and won't work on Sprint or Verizon or any of their MVNOs. It will work perfectly on AT&T and T-Mobile. It also has no U.S. warranty.
Pros
- Amazing specs and performance for the price
- Nice, simple design with teardrop notch
- Comparatively huge rear camera for the segment
- USB-C charging
- Huge 4,000mAh battery
Cons
- MIUI isn't for everyone
- Not compatible with Sprint or Verizon
- No U.S. warranty
Best Outside The U.S.
Xiaomi Redmi Note 7
A great phone that you may want to import.
Xiaomi isn't a massive brand in North America, but it's building great budget phones like the Redmi Note 7. With some of the best specs for the price, along with a massive battery and a lovely design, the Note 7 is one of the best deals around.
Bottom line
There's no shortage of excellent Android phones these days, whether you want to spend more than $700, less than $300, or even $100. The above phones represent the best of a set limitation — that of not wanting to overspend on a product that, inevitably, will need to be replaced in a couple of years.
But that's the beauty of a device that costs a third of what you'd spend on a Galaxy S10 or Pixel 3. It offers 90% of what those phones cost and can be replaced more easily. While you may miss out on some of the more advanced features like waterproofing and wireless charging, and you may not receive as many updates, or for as long, these phones represent a new breed of budget devices, you can feel confident in buying.
And the Moto G7 is the best value of the bunch.
Finding the best Black Friday deals on cheap phones
Splurging on the best overall phone that throws in everything and the kitchen sink isn't always the ideal solution — especially when you're looking at cost-cutting phones in the first place. Instead, you should figure out what you value the most. If you're looking for an excellent battery life, the Moto G7 Power is absolutely worth the money over the standard G7. Similarly, the Pixel 3a easily has the best camera, and if you're looking for luxurious hardware, it's tough to beat the Nokia 7.2. Every manufacturer has something of value to offer.
Whichever phone you set your sights on, Black Friday is the best time to buy it. Retailers like Amazon and Best Buy have already been dropping their prices in preparation for the big day, listing some of these phones at their lowest prices of the year. With sales going live earlier than ever, you can count on finding a good deal practically any time throughout the month of November.
Of course, prices will fluctuate more than usual this month, so we'll be vigilantly checking for new prices and updating this article as new deals come in!
Credits — The team that worked on this guide
Daniel Bader is the Managing Editor of Android Central. As he's writing this, a mountain of old Android phones is about to fall on his head, but his Great Dane will protect him. He drinks way too much coffee and sleeps too little. He wonders if there's a correlation.
Andrew Martonik is the Executive Editor, U.S. at Android Central. He has been a mobile enthusiast since the Windows Mobile days and covering all things Android-related with a unique perspective at AC since 2012. For suggestions and updates, you can reach him at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or on Twitter at @andrewmartonik.
Hayato Huseman is a recovering trade show addict and video editor for Android Central based out of Indianapolis. He can mostly be found complaining about the cold and enthusing about prog metal on Twitter at @hayatohuseman . Got a tip or inquiry? Drop him a line at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>We may earn a commission for purchases using our links. Learn more.


§708-895.6 Unauthorized computer access in the second degree. (1) A person commits the offense of unauthorized computer access in the second degree if the person knowingly accesses a computer, computer system, or computer network without authorization and thereby obtains information.
(2) Unauthorized computer access in the second degree is a class B felony. [L 2001, c 33, pt of §1; am L 2012, c 293, §5]


The plugin is heavy modification of bootsrap default collapse plugin to support styling vertical menu. The menu don't set width of the component, so it stick with width of the parent where this component placed. It has two theme which is .vertical-menu-light
for light theme and .vertical-menu-dark
for dark theme.
By default, there's no indentation for submenu so it support unlimited submenu. The different between each level of submenu is the background color.
Things to know before using the component
- There's no fallback if the icon not exists. Add an empty

to the item without icon to make them look parallel in along with item with icon. - The arrow icon use FontAwesone 4.7.0. Please update css properly if you use different version or different icon set.
- The container should use
.vertical-menu
class followed by the theme class which is.vertical-menu-light
or.vertical-menu-dark
. - Add class
.vertical-menu-parent
to the

element if there's submenu for it. - Add class
.active
to the

to set menu as active, and add class.show
to show exists submenu.


--- layout: newsstory title: News Story match: Yeltz 0 Gloucester 1 ---
Who says lightning doesn't strike twice? Just about everyone after Halesowen follow last year's amazing 5-4 victory over Gloucester with a depressing 1-0 loss at The Grove. A terrible defensive mix up led to the goal, but we didn't deserve much better.


Boris Johnson insults the 3.6m EU citizens who have made the UK their home
by LettersEU immigrants are the latest scapegoats in an election that demonises others to gloss over the Tory party’s own failure to create a prosperous and more equal society, writes Maike Bohn, co-founder of the3million
Boris Johnson thinks I have been able to treat the UK as if it is part of my own country for too long. My own country – that would be Germany which I left 26 years ago. I came as what he now calls an “unskilled migrant”, attracted by a love for British literature, culture and its university system.
We are part of the 3.6 million EU citizens and the 1.2 million UK citizens who freely moved around the UK and Europe.
If Mr Johnson suggests EU migrants in the UK are outstaying their welcome, then he must also apply that to the 1.2 million British citizens living in the EU. Both groups moved around the UK and Europe, curious to discover other countries, meeting and marrying people from a different nation, settling with their loved ones in a new home.
We did not invade our new home countries, we had to fulfil certain criteria upon arrival to make sure we did not become a burden. Freedom of movement rules are not carte blanche for immigration but allow all EU citizens, including the British, to move to another country and get work within three months of their stay.
Freedom of movement rights do not mean uncontrolled immigration, do not mean putting pressure on healthcare and housing by people who haven’t paid in. This is a lie now peddled by the Tory party, desperate to win an election and not caring whether this means wrecking the country I call my home.
The UK chose not to invest in a system to register newcomers, it chose to create a nasty bureaucracy instead, the hostile environment that has such a devastating effect on any immigrant who can’t prove their right to be in the UK. The new settled status application system is based on a platform of anti-immigration rhetoric, no matter how many times the Home Office protests otherwise. It could have been made a simple registration, giving the automatic rights that were promised and truly protecting EU citizens.
Just a few weeks ago, EU migrants were Mr Johnson’s “friends, family and neighbours”, praised for their contribution. Now the tone has changed to an anti-immigration dog whistle from a prime minister blaming migrants for homegrown problems. He should know better – the government’s own report on the positive impact of immigrants contradicts his statements.
But truth doesn’t matter any more in British politics. And this is something we should all be very afraid of. EU immigrants are the latest scapegoats in an election that demonises others to gloss over the Tory party’s own failure to create a prosperous and more equal society.
For most migrants working, studying and raising families in the UK, home is here and we are here to stay.
Maike Bohn
Co-founder, the3million
• Read more Guardian letters – click here to visit gu.com/letters
• Do you have a photo you’d like to share with Guardian readers? Click here to upload it and we’ll publish the best submissions in the letters spread of our print edition


@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import uk.gov.hmrc.thirdpartydeveloperfrontend.domain.models.views.BackButtonWithJavaScript @import views.html.include._ @import uk.gov.hmrc.thirdpartydeveloperfrontend.controllers.routes @this(devMain: DevMain) @()(implicit request: play.api.mvc.Request[Any], messages: Messages, applicationConfig: ApplicationConfig) @devMain( title = "Get help accessing your account", isRegistering = true, back = BackButtonWithJavaScript, developerSession = None ) {
We will remove 2-step verification so you can sign in to your account.
We'll email you within 2 working days.
In the meantime, if you can get an access code you can still sign in to your account.
@helper.form(action = routes.UserLoginAccount.confirm2SVHelp(), Symbol("class") -> "form") { @helper.CSRF.formField } }


Date:
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Target to be reached (quantity):
Bonus Payable (amount):
Token (Symbol):


Rubywarrior Scoreboard is a scoreboard website for ruby-warrior. If you haven't seen ruby-warrior, well, you play a little @ symbol battling its way past slime, archers and wizards, rescuing captives along the way. Originally created by Ryan Bates, it's a great learning tool, and more than enough to keep a meetup occupied for a few hours.
The website above needs to be used with the scoreboard_rubywarrior gem which wraps Ryans gem and allows posting of results to the webserver. It also posts the code, and runs flog over the code. This is useful as you can see how other (more experienced) people have approached the problem, and see neater ways of performing the same task.
Hopefully you get as much fun out of it as we did!


Willi Waller
Germain Engineered, Cutting Edge Technlogy.
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Make your own kittens resource colors! The left color picker is the text color, and the right is the text shadow. Exporting your template gives you a command that you can paste into the JS console (F12 on most browsers) in order to apply your template. Importing lets you paste said template back in, and will automatically adjust your colors to that of the template. The first 5 boxes are for the text color (you can make a gradient!), and the last one is for the text shadow.


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strand-list-item with an exremely long label or name in here 01strand-list-item with an exremely long label or name in here 02strand-list-item with an exremely long label or name in here 03strand-list-item with an exremely long label or name in here 04strand-list-item with an exremely long label or name in here 01strand-list-item with an exremely long label or name in here 02strand-list-item with an exremely long label or name in here 03strand-list-item with an exremely long label or name in here 04


Train
I am feeling very happy today.
happy
sad
confused
submit
Classify
I am feeling very happy today.
submit


Introduction to Trusted Tester Methods Workshop
ICT Accessibility Testing Symposium - 2019
A one-day workshop intended to provide an overview of the Trusted Tester process, review of some of the key test steps, and some tips and tricks for progressing through the Trusted Tester training course and certification.
Workshop Goals
- Provide an understanding of the Trusted Tester certification course
- Introduce you to use of the ANDI tool
- Give you hands-on experience testing using ANDI
- Provide testing tips and tricks
- Expose you to some of the FAQ
Today's Topics
- Quick overview (Ann Marie)
- Topic 4 Keyboard and Focus (Ann Marie)
- Topic 10 Content Structure (Ann Marie)
- Topic 6 Links and Buttons (Andrew)
- Topic 5 Forms (Kristen)
- Topic 7 Images (Andrew)
- Questions
- Wrap-up and certification process


Designed originally for a large multi-screen array display (CAVE), BrainTrek was created to quickly allow exploration of high-resolution cellular models, and to facilitate understanding and annotation.
However, not everyone owns a CAVE. To increase the accessibility of BrainTrek, a single-screen version (ssBrainTrek) was created. Built in Unity3D, ssBrainTrek is much more versatile -- supporting Windows, MacOS, and Linux, as well as the Oculus Rift.
To date, there are three modules of ssBrainTrek. CellExplorer allows the full volume exploration of our five ages (postnatal day) of neuron models. CellCompare provides a fast and easy environment for human comparison of neuron models. SynapseTagger, the newest module, enables the user to tag and describe the connections between cells. With these tools, neuroscientists can rapidly measure and record useful datasets to be used in basic research.


This is an example of pausing state to prevent a bound componet from rendering. Enter a first and last name and tap Add Person. You'll see the component update because its bound to the state. Now check the Pause State checkbox, then add a new first and last name. When you tap Add Person, nothing happens. Add another first and last name and tap Add Person. Nothing happens. Now uncheck the checkbox and tap the Render Component button. You'll see the component update with the new names. The checkbox toggles the paused state of the State object. If it is not paused, the Render Component button executes the State object's "renderComponents" method.


Golden Child's Y teases solo song 'Fantasia' from upcoming 'RE:BOOT' album
by germainejGolden Child's Y has revealed a preview of his solo song "Fantasia" from the group's upcoming 'RE:BOOT' album.
The music video features Y against a fall setting as he gives a teaser of the mid-tempo ballad about someone being your fantasy. "Fantasia" is just one track from Golden Child's first full album 'RE:BOOT', which features "Wannabe" as the title song.
Golden Child's 'RE:BOOT' drops on November 18 KST. What do you think of their latest music trailer?


This package was debianized by Tommi Virtanen<EMAIL_ADDRESS>on
Sat, 26 Jun 2004 00:32:52 +0300.
It was originally downloaded from http://pyparsing.sourceforge.net/
Upstream Author: Paul McGuire
Copyright:
#
# Copyright (c) 2003,2004 Paul T. McGuire
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
# the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
# CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
# TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
#


@* * Copyright 2021 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import uk.gov.hmrc.bindingtariffadminfrontend.config.AppConfig @import uk.gov.hmrc.bindingtariffadminfrontend.controllers.routes @import uk.gov.hmrc.bindingtariffadminfrontend.model.{AuthenticatedRequest, MigrationCounts} @import uk.gov.hmrc.bindingtariffadminfrontend.views.components.CheckOption @import uk.gov.hmrc.bindingtariffadminfrontend.views.html.components.input_checkbox @import uk.gov.hmrc.bindingtariffadminfrontend.views.html.main_template @import uk.gov.hmrc.play.views.html.helpers @(form: Form[Boolean], migrationCounts: MigrationCounts, migratedCaseCount: Int)(implicit request: AuthenticatedRequest[_], messages: Messages, appConfig: AppConfig) @main_template(title = "Binding Tariff Admin", bodyClasses = None) { Back to Index @if(migrationCounts.hasUnprocessed) {
View the current state of migrations
} else if(migratedCaseCount == 0) {Note that this can take some time to complete.
@helpers.form(action = routes.ResetController.resetMigrationConfirm()) { @input_checkbox( field = form("confirm"), label = "Yes, delete them all!", value = "true", checked = !form.hasErrors && form("confirm").value.contains("true") ) } } }


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BOOKS ARCHIVE AR8LW7X63OW
ANAHI METZ 2
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Recent share at: August 22, 2016
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IVY NIKOLAUS
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AMBROSE O KON 1
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JENIFER REILLY 1
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CRYSTEL FRITSCH
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JOANA ABERNATHY SR
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DREW ANDERSON DVM
Total documents: 423 files
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TEAGAN MOHR II
Total documents: 395 files
Recent share at: October 19, 2016
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PIERCE COLLINS 1
Total documents: 474 files
Recent share at: September 02, 2016
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PROF ANDREANE KOSS DDS 1
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DR LACEY ROLFSON
Total documents: 433 files
Recent share at: September 28, 2016
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MISS BROOKE STARK II 1
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Recent share at: January 24, 2017
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SADIE KULAS 1
Total documents: 417 files
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MICHELLE RATKE 2
Total documents: 381 files
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ALENA HOPPE
Total documents: 487 files
Recent share at: August 22, 2016
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DONAVON CONROY
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Recent share at: January 06, 2017
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FRANK GRANT PHD
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MYRL MOORE
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OKEY PREDOVIC 4
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JANELLE BERNIER
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