Java Garbage Collector and Reference Objects
07 Feb 2017In this article, we will discuss a few memory management concepts in Java with a heavy focus on the interaction between the Garbage Collector and the different reference objects available.
This is no introduction, so let us mutually agree that you have Java Heap and GC basics down. Many articles cover this topic quite well, and you might actually wonder why am covering something that is already well discussed over the www.
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I found that most articles introduce Java memory very well, but start choking later on stuff like reference objects. It is either a variant of Who doesn’t know that stuff? attitude or author fatigue. I would like to give my shot and, hopefully, not fall into the same pool.
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Memory is a gold mine of interview questions for Senior Dev positions. Java manages its own memory, I really don’t have to know how it does it. Nice story for your neighbor or close friend. Good luck convincing that mean-looking interviewer. Moral: You must understand memory in the JVM.
 I hope you experience nothing less.
Picture a school cafeteria. Plates are scarce, but the manager is smart. He derives a strategy together with his staff with one aim: To feed all the hungry students in time without anyone missing food due to a shortage of plates.
Strategy0: They plan to collect all used plates for washing whenever a student finishes eating and leaves the cafeteria, such that the same plates are reused by those that have not yet eaten.
Therefore, whenever the serving team reports that plates are running out, a dedicated waitress is sent out to collect all used plates. A plate will be collected as long as the student that was using it has left the cafeteria. These plates are then washed and added to the pile to serve more students.
This strategy works very well, and Mr. Manager is pleased with himself and his staff. Soon, he realizes that some students finish eating but stick around chatting and laughing with friends. He had told his collector waitress to only collect a plate when a student has left the table. The result, a lot of dirty plates stuck on tables simply because satisfied students are still seated there while the cafeteria is frequently running into plate crisis.
Strategy1: Mr. Manager has another trick up his sleeve. His instruction to the collector waitress changes: Collect a plate as long as a student has finished eating, regardless of whether he/she is still seated on the table or not. Word reaches students of the new and “hostile” changes, a lot of special groups come with complaints seeking a compromise with Mr. Manager. This strategy is marked a failure.
Strategy2: Being the smart man he is, he comes up with yet more brilliant ideas and draws up an instruction set for any collector waitress:
- If a student is a prefect or guild rep, allow them to retain their plate for as long as they like until they explicitly call you to collect it or they leave the table.
- If a student is a girlfriend or boyfriend to a prefect or guild rep, allow them privileges of their partner… meaning, even if they have finished eating but are still on the table, don’t rush to collect their plates unless there is absolutely no alternative and the cafeteria has literally reached its limit in terms of available plates.
- If the student is not a prefect and not in a relationship with any prefect, as is the case with most first-years, be very vigilant about collecting his/her plate — no delays, no compromise. Whether they are still seated on the table or not, as long as they have finished eating… even if they beg and cry. They are not allowed any kind of privilege whatsoever.
- Finally, the doctor has sent a list of diabetic students and needs to know the exact time they had their last meal every day in order to determine when to do routine blood sugar level checks. Collect their plates as you do for the students in the previous category, but always note down the exact time when you pick the plate and notify me. This turned out to be an excellent strategy. Talk about iterative problem solving .
References to objects in Java follow a certain hierarchy of strength and privilege, as do the students in the cafeteria. Let us dive into the technical rundown.
Strong Reference
In every Java program, objects are the way to hold and manipulate data:
In the above snippet, the new key word creates a StringBuilder
object and stores a strong reference to it in variable sb
. This is the default level of strength for all objects we create, so we don’t use any special label to identify them as we do for the rest.
To create the rest of the references in the hierarchy, we need special wrapper objects that reside in the java.lang.ref
package.
Any object with at least one strong reference is not eligible for garbage collection. In our analogy, prefects hold strong references to their plates. In technical terms, we say the object is strongly reachable.
It only becomes eligible for collection when we nullify its reference, akin to a prefect leaving the table:
Soft Reference
A soft reference can be created to an object by wrapping its instance in a java.lang.ref.SoftReference
object:
In the above snippet, the first line creates a string builder object with a strong reference stored in sb
. The second line creates a soft reference to it inside sbSoftRef
so that now the string builder object has two references.
At this stage, the string builder is not eligible for collection whatsoever. However, the third line nullifies the strong reference, and now the object only boasts of a soft reference.
The object is now similar to a used plate sitting in front of the boyfriend/girlfriend of a prefect — it can be collected only as a last resort when the cafeteria staff is absolutely sure there are no more plates available. Technically, we say the object is softly reachable.
In this phase, we can still retrieve a strong reference to the object by calling the get
method of the SoftReference object, which returns null if the object is already collected:
Objects with only soft references to it are collected if and only if the JVM has concluded that there is no more memory to allocate to new objects and is on the brink of throwing an OutOfMemory error.
Soft references are intended for use in memory-sensitive caches. As the cache grows, available memory for new objects reduces yet you need the cache, so the JVM compromises with “you” until it can’t anymore.
Weak Reference
A weak reference can be created to an object by wrapping its instance in a java.lang.ref.WeakReference
object:
In the above snippet, after nullifying the strong reference in the third line, the object immediately becomes eligible for GC.
The object is now similar to a used plate sitting in front of a first-year student with no privileges. It can be collected right away without any regard for whether the student is still seated at the table. Technically, we say the object is weakly reachable.
Though we can still retrieve a strong reference to the object, the window of opportunity is way smaller than that of soft reference. We will get a null much more often than in the other cases:
Objects with only weak references are collected eagerly by the GC whether memory availability is tight or not.
Weak references are intended for use in Canonicalized mapping. An understanding of this use case is beyond the scope of this article, so we will not dwell on that…
Phantom Reference
A phantom reference can be created to an object by wrapping its instance in a java.lang.ref.PhantomReference
object:
In the above snippet, after nullifying the strong reference in the fourth line, the object immediately becomes eligible for GC. Ignore the ReferenceQueue object
, we’ll get back to it. For now, just remember that PhantomReference, unlike soft and weak references, is useless without a ReferenceQueue.
The object is now similar to a used plate sitting in front of a first-year student who is diabetic. It can be collected right away without any regard for whether the student is still seated at the table, albeit with one condition: the exact time of collection is noted and the doc notified.
For as long as the piece of paper on which the time has been noted has not yet been used and discarded by the doctor, we refer to the object as phantom reachable. (Major point of confusion, let’s keep going :)).
The get
method of a PhantomReference
object is useless because it always returns null
. This further strengthens the uniqueness of this reference object vis-a-vis soft and weak refs. The next sections will make this uniqueness even more crystal clear.
Phantom references are intended for use as a more flexible alternative to the Object.finalize()
method.
Reference Queue
True to its name, a reference queue is a data structure that enqueues reference objects namely: WeakReference
, SoftReference
, and PhantomReference
.
Whether a reference object is enqueued at any time or not depends on whether we provide a ReferenceQueue
object upon creation of the reference object. Apart from the case of PhantomReference
, it is not mandatory or even useful to provide one.
Depending on the type of reference object, the exact point at which it is enqueued varies. I don’t intend to dwell much on this subject apart from furthering the coverage of phantom references. Let’s be more keen on the next paragraph.
A phantom reference is enqueued as soon as the object it is referring to has been finalized by the garbage collector. Finalized means its finalize()
method has been called. The GC calls the finalize()
method of objects just before collecting them for the benefit of the application that created them. The benefit is the opportunity to release non-“GC’eable” resources that the object must have created or used during its earthly life (read Java heap life). Non-“GC’eable” resources are inaccessible to the GC. One obvious example is a file handle provided by the OS. To demonstrate, take a look at the finalize method of FileInputStream
class in all its glory:
Notice the close()
method call at the end, look familiar?  Wondering whether it is a duplicate call, since we always close()
‘d our file resources? Great, read on!
Now notice the if
check at the top of the method body. If we already called close()
inside our code, then fd
in the above code would be null
and the rest of the method body would not be executed. Phewww!!!! (Did that come too late???). Read on!
It so happens that, these days, the finalize()
method, especially in library/platform classes such as FileInputStream
above, acts as a safety net for cases where we as developers forget to release non-heap resources.(I may already by whispering to you that you may never have to use phantom refs, but read on).
So what the heck does all this have to do with phantom references and reference queues. Am I losing focus? Well, you asked, so I’ll answer:
The finalize()
method is plagued with numerous issues that counter almost all the advantages it sought to offer. There is actually a detailed coverage in Joshua Bloch’s Effective Java book, and several blogs talk about its problems extensively. Don’t think that they are just staining the image of an otherwise brilliant API. Unless you are an upcoming James Gosling, I would highly recommend that you just take their word and make peace with other alternatives for cleaning up after your resources. Now, keep reading — we’re almost done.
We can now finalize()
this section with why phantom refs and ref queues come in. PhantomReference
object was created to provide a more flexible alternative to finalize(). Whether it has succeeded or not is quite a huge topic, but my bet is NO.
How we as programmers do this is by supplying a ReferenceQueue
instance while creating a PhantomReference
instance as we saw earlier. As soon as the finalize()
method of the object is called, its phantom ref is enqueued. It is up to us to keep polling the reference queue to keep track of when this event happens. Here is where we manually release resources, including a final call to phantomRef.clear()
method to nullify the underlying reference.
Differences Put Together
I know the title of this section is kinda lame, but bear with me. I will try to put together the differences of the three reference objects just to clear any doubts:
- Enqueuing: Soft and weak reference objects are enqueued as soon as the GC, from its algorithms, has “marked” their memory objects for collection, but has not yet finalized them. On the other hand, phantom references are enqueued as soon as the memory objects have been finalized.
- Reference.get(): The get method of both soft and weak references returns a strong reference to the underlying object or null if that object has already been marked for collection. On the other hand, the
get
method of phantom reference always returns null (whether you are Josh Bloch or Jon Skeet calling it. Kidding!). This difference strikes a key point about their use cases, for weak and soft refs to be of any use, one should be able to recreate a strong ref to their objects within the “window of opportunity.” But phantom refs don’t need this quality as we explored earlier. - Reference.clear(): This method is available in all the three ref objects. It sets the underlying reference to
null
hence explicitly availing the memory object for collection before its time. This is a useless facility for weak and soft refs as it would counter their benefit. But it is key for phantom refs as you have to call it on Mr. phantom at the end of your clean up steps. - ReferenceQueue: it is useless for soft and weak refs but without it, phantom refs are useless.
- Use cases: Soft refs: memory-sensitive cache, weak-refs: canonicalized mapping, phantom-refs: more flexible substitute for
finalize()
.
Conclusion
In this, albeit very long, article, I have tried to discuss my findings on the relationship between the GC and reference objects. I hope it has, at least, given us a better understanding of the reference objects specifically and the GC generally.
It goes without saying that you may never have to deal with these reference types directly:
- Need memory-sensitive caching? (A very complex and meticulous endeavor to get right, by the way?) Use solid and battle-hardened libs like ehcache.
- Need canonicalized mapping? Simply use
java.util.WeakHashMap
and save yourself hair loss. - Need to do pre-mortem clean up? Don’t be deceived by Mr. Phantom’s offering as opposed to
finalize()
, stick to age-oldtry/catch/finally
.


I am a husband, father, and technologist.
During the day, I use every language in the top 10 to build email encryption products Zix. When I have free time, I enjoy hacking in JavaScript, Python, and Go.


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Task Request Guidelines
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- Submitted tasks must be explained in great detail and provide all the necessary details for it to actually be completed.
- Every Task Request Submission post must include one task request only. Submissions with multiple tasks requests will be rejected.
- Task Request Submissions must be related to the category where the task request is being submitted.
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Tasks for Developers
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Task submissions to this category must include a request by an Open Source project owner recruiting developers to the project team.
- Submissions must include all the relevant and necessary details for the developers to contribute to your project, such as scope, timeframe, stage of development, etc.
- Submissions must link to Documentation, Repositories, Communities (e.g. Slack, Discord) and any other relevant information.
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- Submissions must include the information and data necessary for influencers to effectively share the Open Source project.
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| < Day Day Up > |
Using Code ExamplesThis book is designed to help you get your job done. In general, you can use the code in this book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact us for permission unless you're reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example, writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O'Reilly books does require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code from this book into your product's documentation does require permission. We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title, author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: "AI for Game Developers, by David M. Bourg and Glenn Seemann. Copyright 2004 O'Reilly Media, Inc., 0-596-00555-5." If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given here, feel free to contact us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
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Copy-paste your API Key for ByteScout Cloud API here no api key yet? sign up here
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" মহানগর প্রভাতি " Travels from Dhaka to Chittagong,Rajshahi and travels Chittagong,Rajshahi to Dhaka.
" মহানগর এক্সপ্রেস " Travels only from Dhaka to Sylhet and Sylhet to Dhaka.
" সুবর্ণ এক্সপ্রেস " Travels only from Khulna to Rajshahi and Rajshahi to Khulna.
" সুন্দরবন এক্সপ্রেস " Travels From Khulna to Dhaka,Rajshahi and from Dhaka,Rajshahi to Khulna.
" মৈত্রী এক্সপ্রেস " Travels only from Dhaka to Calcutta and Calcutta to Dhaka.
" আন্তনগর এক্সপ্রেস " Travels from Chittagong to Rajshahi and Rajshahi to Chittagong.
"পারাবাট এক্সপ্রেস " Travels from Sylhet to Dhaka and Dhaka to Sylhet.
Railway Technical Web Pages, a site packed with articles about railways, covering technical, operational and financial issues. Although we update the site, regular readers will still see the basic structure underneath the new face and we have retained the original page names to help you find your way to pages you might want to reference..


本书pdf是文字版的。基本上就是传统物理化学中的化学热力学部分的那些内容的讨论。
1.1 Basic concepts
1.2 Brief review of thermodynamics 【热力学第一第二定律】
1.3 The fundamental equation of thermodynamics 【equation】
1.4 The calculus of thermodynamics 【热力学公式的微积分处理】
1.5 Open systems
1.6 Legendre transforms and free energies 【自由能】
2.1 General phase behavior
2.2 Conditions for phase equilibrium 【相变的平衡】
2.3 The Clapeyron equation
3.1 Thermodynamics of multicomponent systems
3.2 Binary mixtures
3.3 Ternary mixutures
4.1 Definition of the ideal solution model
4.2 Derivation of Raoult's law
5.1 Definition
5.2 Relationship between total properties and partial molar properties
5.3 Properties changes on mixing
5.4 Graphical representation for binary systems
6.1 Deviations from Raoult's law and the activity coefficient
6.2 Modified Raoult's law
6.3 Empirical activity coefficient models
6.4 The Gibbs-Duhem equation
6.5 Azeotropic systems
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Liquid-liquid equilibrium
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Phase behavior
8.3 Conditions for equilibrium
9.1 Henry's law
9.2 Activity coefficients
10.1 The principle of corresponding states
10.2 The van der Waals equation and cubic equations of state
10.3 Equations of state for mixtures
11.1 The residual Helmholtz free energy
11.2 Fugacity 【逸度】
11.3 Vapor-liquid equilibrium with a non-ideal vapor phase
12.1 Conditions for equilibrium
12.2 The phase rule for chemically reacting systems
12.3 Gas phase reactions
12.4 The standard Gibbs free energy of formation
12.5 The influence of temperature
12.6 Liquid phase reactions


Shane really likes to stand.
Shane got to see both his Grandmas and also Grandpa Mike this week. He learned to climb into his activity table. He's very busy, but he still takes time out for a nap sometimes. And when he fell asleep one day mom and dad snapped a picture of his new teeth.
Pushing the stool around the kitchen is lots of fun. So is climbing up and down the stairs. Shane insists on going down head first. Sometimes this works out ok and sometimes it doesn't.
Shane went to the Morristown St. Patrick's Day Parade with Mom and Dad. He liked watching all the bands march by. Shane has gotten very good at drinking from his sippy cup.
Privacy policy
This page maintained by Shane's Mom


Canadian First World War Journals
Lead By:
Paige Turner
- Goal:Research daily lives of Soldiers during the First World War
- For: Graduate Student Thesis
- Will the research be public?: Will be stored in University Library
- Current Status: Gathering Resources
- Other Information: Either images or transcriptions will help!
- Assist


Philip Hammond to step down as MP at December election
by Joe CurtisPhilip Hammond will quit politics at the upcoming general election, the former Treasury boss confirmed today.
Hammond, who has railed against Boris Johnson’s Brexit strategy from the backbenches since leaving his post as chancellor, said he has made the decision with “great sadness”.
More to follow.


Reducer
public struct Reducer<ActionType, StateType>
extension Reducer: Monoid
Reducer
is a pure function wrapped in a monoid container, that takes an action and the current state to calculate the new state.
-
Execute the wrapped reduce function. You must provide the parameters
action: ActionType
(the action to be evaluated during the reducing process) and aninout
version of the lateststate: StateType
, (the current state in your single source-of-truth). State will be mutated in place (inout
) and finish with the calculated new state.Declaration
Swift
public let reduce: MutableReduceFunction<ActionType, StateType>
-
Reducer initializer takes only the underlying function
(ActionType, inout StateType) -> Void
that is the reducer function itself.Declaration
Swift
public static func reduce(_ reduce: @escaping MutableReduceFunction<ActionType, StateType>) -> Reducer
Parameters
reduce
a pure function that is gonna be wrapped in a monoid container, and that calculates the new state from an action and the old state.
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
public func liftToCollection<GlobalAction, GlobalState, CollectionState: MutableCollection, ID: Hashable>( action actionMap: KeyPath<GlobalAction, ElementIDAction<ID, ActionType>?>, stateCollection: WritableKeyPath<GlobalState, CollectionState>, identifier: KeyPath<StateType, ID> ) -> Reducer<GlobalAction, GlobalState> where CollectionState.Element == StateType
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
public func liftToCollection<GlobalAction, GlobalState, CollectionState: MutableCollection>( action actionMap: KeyPath<GlobalAction, ElementIndexAction<CollectionState.Index, ActionType>?>, stateCollection: WritableKeyPath<GlobalState, CollectionState> ) -> Reducer<GlobalAction, GlobalState> where CollectionState.Element == StateType
-
Neutral monoidal container. Composing any monoid with an
identity
monoid should result in a function unchanged, regardless if the identity element is on the left-hand side or the right-hand side or this composition.Therefore:
Reducer<ActionType, StateType> <> .identity == .identity <> Reducer<ActionType, StateType> == Reducer<ActionType, StateType>
The implementation of this reducer, as one should expect, simply ignores the action and returns the state unchanged
Declaration
Swift
public static var identity: Reducer<ActionType, StateType> { get }
-
Monoid Append operation. Allows to compose two reducers into one, keeping in mind that the order of the composition DOES matter. When composing reducer A with reducer B, when an action X arrives, first it will be forwarded to reducer A together with the initial state. This reducer may return a slightly (or completely) changed state from that operation, and this state will then be forwarded to reducer B together with the same action X. If you change the order, results may vary as you can imagine. Monoids don’t necessarily hold the commutative axiom, although sometimes they do. What they necessarily hold is the associativity axiom, which means that if you compose A and B, and later C, it’s exactly the same as if you compose A to a previously composed B and C:
(A <> B) <> C == A <> (B <> C)
. So please don’t worry about surrounding your reducers with parenthesis:let globalReducer = firstReducer <> secondReducer <> thirdReducer <> andSoOn
Declaration
Swift
public static func <> (lhs: Reducer<ActionType, StateType>, rhs: Reducer<ActionType, StateType>) -> Reducer<ActionType, StateType>
Parameters
lhs
First monoid
(ActionType, StateType) -> StateType
, let’s call itf(x)
rhs
Second monoid
(ActionType, StateType) -> StateType
, let’s call itg(x)
Return Value
a composed monoid
(ActionType, StateType) -> StateType
equivalent tog(f(x))
-
A type-lifting method. The global state of your app is Whole, and the
Reducer
handles Part, that is a sub-state.Let’s suppose you may want to have a
gpsReducer
that knows about the followingstruct
:struct Location { let latitude: Double let longitude: Double }
Let’s call it Part. Both, this state and its reducer will be part of an external framework, used by dozens of apps. Internally probably the
Reducer
will receive some knownActionType
and calculate a new location. On the main app we have a global state, that we now call Whole.struct MyGlobalState { let title: String? let listOfItems: [Item] let currentLocation: Location }
As expected, Part (
Location
) is a property of Whole (MyGlobalState
). This relationship could be less direct, for example there could be several levels of properties until you find the Part in the Whole, likeglobal.firstLevel.secondLevel.currentLocation
, but let’s keep it a single-level for this example.Because our
Store
understands Whole (MyGlobalState
) and ourgpsReducer
understands Part (Location
), we mustlift
theReducer
to the Whole level, by using:let globalStateReducer = gpsReducer.lift(actionGetter: { $0 }, stateGetter: { global in return global.currentLocation }, stateSetter: { global, part in global.currentLocation = path })
Now this reducer can be used within our
Store
or even composed with others. It also can be used in other apps as long as we have a way to lift it to the world of Whole.Same strategy works for the
action
, as you can guess by theactionGetter
parameter. You can provide a function that takes a global action (Whole) and returns an optional local action (Part). It’s optional because perhaps you want to ignore actions that are not relevant for this reducer.Declaration
Swift
public func lift<GlobalActionType, GlobalStateType>( actionGetter: @escaping (GlobalActionType) -> ActionType?, stateGetter: @escaping (GlobalStateType) -> StateType, stateSetter: @escaping (inout GlobalStateType, StateType) -> Void) -> Reducer<GlobalActionType, GlobalStateType>
Parameters
actionGetter
a way to convert a global action into a local action, but it’s optional because maybe this reducer shouldn’t care about certain actions. Because actions are usually enums, you can switch over the enum and in case it’s nothing you care about, you simply return nil in the closure. If you don’t want to lift this reducer in terms of
action
, just provide the identity function{ $0 }
as input.stateGetter
a way to read from a global state and extract only the part that it’s relevant for this reducer, by traversing the tree of the global state until you find the property you want, for example:
{ $0.currentGame.scoreBoard }
stateSetter
a way to write back into the global state once you finished reducing the Part, so now you have a new part that was calculated by this reducer and you want to set it into the global state, also provided as the first parameter as an
inout
property:{ globalState, newScoreBoard in globalState.currentGame.scoreBoard = newScoreBoard }
Return Value
a
Reducer<GlobalAction, GlobalState>
that maps actions and states from the original specialized reducer into a more generic and global reducer, to be used in a larger context. -
A type-lifting method. The global state of your app is Whole, and the
Reducer
handles Part, that is a sub-state.Let’s suppose you may want to have a
gpsReducer
that knows about the followingstruct
:struct Location { let latitude: Double let longitude: Double }
Let’s call it Part. Both, this state and its reducer will be part of an external framework, used by dozens of apps. Internally probably the
Reducer
will receive some knownActionType
and calculate a new location. On the main app we have a global state, that we now call Whole.struct MyGlobalState { let title: String? let listOfItems: [Item] let currentLocation: Location }
As expected, Part (
Location
) is a property of Whole (MyGlobalState
). This relationship could be less direct, for example there could be several levels of properties until you find the Part in the Whole, likeglobal.firstLevel.secondLevel.currentLocation
, but let’s keep it a single-level for this example.Because our
Store
understands Whole (MyGlobalState
) and ourgpsReducer
understands Part (Location
), we mustlift
theReducer
to the Whole level, by using:let globalStateReducer = gpsReducer.lift(action: \.locationActions, state: \.currentLocation)
Now this reducer can be used within our
Store
or even composed with others. It also can be used in other apps as long as we have a way to lift it to the world of Whole.Same strategy works for the
action
, as you can guess by theaction
parameter. You can provide a key-path that traverses from a global action (Whole) and to an optional local action (Part). It’s optional because perhaps you want to ignore actions that are not relevant for this reducer.Declaration
Swift
public func lift<GlobalActionType, GlobalStateType>( action: KeyPath<GlobalActionType, ActionType?>, state: WritableKeyPath<GlobalStateType, StateType>) -> Reducer<GlobalActionType, GlobalStateType>
Parameters
action
a read-only key-path from global action into a local action, but it’s optional because maybe this reducer shouldn’t care about certain actions. Because actions are usually enums, you can switch over the enum and in case it’s nothing you care about, you simply return nil in the closure. If you don’t want to lift this reducer in terms of
action
, just remove this parameter from the call.state
a writable key-path from global state that traverses into a local state, by extracting only the part that it’s relevant for this reducer. This will also be used to set the new local state into the global state once the reducer finishes it’s operation. For example:
\.currentGame.scoreBoard
.Return Value
a
Reducer<GlobalAction, GlobalState>
that maps actions and states from the original specialized reducer into a more generic and global reducer, to be used in a larger context. -
A type-lifting method. The global state of your app is Whole, and the
Reducer
handles Part, that is a sub-state.Let’s suppose you may want to have a
gpsReducer
that knows about the followingstruct
:struct Location { let latitude: Double let longitude: Double }
Let’s call it Part. Both, this state and its reducer will be part of an external framework, used by dozens of apps. Internally probably the
Reducer
will receive some knownActionType
and calculate a new location. On the main app we have a global state, that we now call Whole.struct MyGlobalState { let title: String? let listOfItems: [Item] let currentLocation: Location }
As expected, Part (
Location
) is a property of Whole (MyGlobalState
). This relationship could be less direct, for example there could be several levels of properties until you find the Part in the Whole, likeglobal.firstLevel.secondLevel.currentLocation
, but let’s keep it a single-level for this example.Because our
Store
understands Whole (MyGlobalState
) and ourgpsReducer
understands Part (Location
), we mustlift
theReducer
to the Whole level, by using:let globalStateReducer = gpsReducer.lift(state: \.currentLocation)
Now this reducer can be used within our
Store
or even composed with others. It also can be used in other apps as long as we have a way to lift it to the world of Whole.Same strategy works for the
action
, just check the other available signatures forlift
function.Declaration
Swift
public func lift<GlobalStateType>( state: WritableKeyPath<GlobalStateType, StateType> ) -> Reducer<ActionType, GlobalStateType>
Parameters
state
a writable key-path from global state that traverses into a local state, by extracting only the part that it’s relevant for this reducer. This will also be used to set the new local state into the global state once the reducer finishes it’s operation. For example:
\.currentGame.scoreBoard
.Return Value
a
Reducer<ActionType, GlobalState>
that maps actions and states from the original specialized reducer into a more generic and global reducer, to be used in a larger context. -
A type-lifting method. The global state of your app is Whole, and the
Reducer
handles Part, that is a sub-state.Let’s suppose you may want to have a
gpsReducer
that knows about the followingstruct
:struct Location { let latitude: Double let longitude: Double }
Let’s call it Part. Both, this state and its reducer will be part of an external framework, used by dozens of apps. Internally probably the
Reducer
will receive some knownActionType
and calculate a new location. On the main app we have a global state, that we now call Whole.struct MyGlobalState { let title: String? let listOfItems: [Item] let currentLocation: Location }
As expected, Part (
Location
) is a property of Whole (MyGlobalState
). This relationship could be less direct, for example there could be several levels of properties until you find the Part in the Whole, likeglobal.firstLevel.secondLevel.currentLocation
, but let’s keep it a single-level for this example.Because our
Store
understands Whole (MyGlobalState
) and ourgpsReducer
understands Part (Location
), we mustlift
theReducer
to the Whole level, by using:let globalStateReducer = gpsReducer.lift(action: \.locationActions)
Now this reducer can be used within our
Store
or even composed with others. It also can be used in other apps as long as we have a way to lift it to the world of Whole.Same strategy works for the
action
, as you can guess by theaction
parameter. You can provide a key-path that traverses from a global action (Whole) and to an optional local action (Part). It’s optional because perhaps you want to ignore actions that are not relevant for this reducer.Declaration
Swift
public func lift<GlobalActionType>( action: KeyPath<GlobalActionType, ActionType?>) -> Reducer<GlobalActionType, StateType>
Parameters
action
a read-only key-path from global action into a local action, but it’s optional because maybe this reducer shouldn’t care about certain actions. Because actions are usually enums, you can switch over the enum and in case it’s nothing you care about, you simply return nil in the closure. If you don’t want to lift this reducer in terms of
action
, just remove this parameter from the call.Return Value
a
Reducer<GlobalAction, StateType>
that maps actions and states from the original specialized reducer into a more generic and global reducer, to be used in a larger context. -
Reducer initializer takes only the underlying function
(ActionType, StateType) -> StateType
that is the reducer function itself.Declaration
Swift
@available(*, deprecated, message: "Use `Reducer.reduce` instead of `Reducer.init`. Mutable inout state will improve performance. SwiftRex 1.0 will remove this init") public init(_ reduce: @escaping ReduceFunction<ActionType, StateType>)
Parameters
reduce
a pure function that is gonna be wrapped in a monoid container, and that calculates the new state from an action and the old state.
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
public func liftToCollection<GlobalAction, GlobalState, CollectionState: MutableCollection>( action actionMap: KeyPath<GlobalAction, ElementIDAction<StateType.ID, ActionType>?>, stateCollection: WritableKeyPath<GlobalState, CollectionState> ) -> Reducer<GlobalAction, GlobalState> where CollectionState.Element == StateType


The Other Sister (1999) Juliette Lewis, Diane Keaton, Tom Skerritt, Giovanni Ribisi, Poppy Montgomery, Hector Elizondo. Music by Rachel Portman. Cinematography by Dante Spinotti. Screenplay by Garry Marshall and Bob Brunner. Directed by Garry Marshall. 128 minutes. Rated PG-13, 1.5 stars (out of five stars)
Review by Ed Johnson-Ott, NUVO Newsweekly www.nuvo-online.com Archive reviews at http://us.imdb.com/M/reviews_by?Edward+Johnson-ott To receive reviews by e-mail at no charge, send subscription requests to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>If you loved "Patch Adams" and "Stepmom," ignore this review and run, do not walk, to see "The Other Sister." If, however, you detest cheesy, emotionally manipulative, contrived pabulum, avoid this sap-fest like the plague. As the proud father of a retarded son, I generally applaud any film championing acceptance and independence for mentally-challenged individuals, but this movie is insufferable and, at 128 minutes, a torturous endurance test.
Like most contemporary melodramas, "The Other Sister" features uptight white people fussing with their kids in affluent settings (apparently the filmmakers believe that those unable to stomach the story can at least while away the time admiring the plush houses). In this case, the rich, white pain-in-the-ass is Diane Keaton, playing a priggish woman standing in the way of her mildly-retarded daughter's romance.
The mother of three, she beams with pride at her one "normal" daughter, a radiant girl about to marry an all-American guy. Meanwhile, she refuses to acknowledge another daughter's female lover, explaining to her exasperated offspring that she isn't a bigot because she donates money to gay causes. As for her retarded child, Mom adopts a strained martyr's smile anytime the girl commits a social faux-pas and throws a fit whenever the young woman tries to assert her independence. Tom Skerritt suffers nobly as the crinkle-faced ex-drunk husband, a kindly soul who serves as the voice of reason and acts as arbitrator between mother and daughter. The only intriguing question raised by the film is why a man like this remains married to such an unrelenting harridan.
Juliette Lewis and Giovanni Ribisi play the mentally-challenged love birds, affecting "retarded" voices, but otherwise using perfect syntax and eloquent phrasing. Right. Never for a moment do they seem like anything other than two actors doing handicapped shtick.  Tom Hulce pulled it off in "Dominick and Eugene" and Leonardo DiCaprio was convincing in "What's Eating Gilbert Grape," but more often than not, even the most talented performers come across as mannered and unconvincing. Lewis and Ribisi, two generally impressive actors, are patently phony here (when Lewis asks Ribisi who invented sex, watch him recite his punchline while shamelessly aping Dustin Hoffman's "Rainman" delivery).
Their characters are painfully unrealistic Hollywood clichés, mentally- challenged individuals presented as eternal children in adult bodies, who possess a naive wisdom and innate decency that makes them so very, very "special." One of the film's most irritating scenes shows the pair dressed up for a Halloween party in an absurd swan outfit and a ragged puppy suit. Virtually every mildly-retarded person I know wants to be viewed as an adult and not "special" or childlike. They have to work extremely hard to receive the same treatment the rest of us take as a given.
Had the folks behind "The Other Sister" done a little research, they might have noticed things like that. But, of course, that's a lot to expect from director and co-writer Garry Marshall, the amiable boob responsible for such TV perennials as "Happy Days," and cinematic gems like "Pretty Woman," "Dear God" and "Exit To Eden." Marshall is the king of glossy schlock and "The Other Sister" fits neatly into his sit-com oeuvre. Adept at grinding out handsomely photographed trifles filled with contrived moments calculated to get the crowd cheering, Marshall wouldn't know a genuine emotion if it came up and bit him. Actually, it's surprising that he wasted valuable time on a film like this when he could have been developing money-making projects more attuned to his skills, you know, something along the lines of "Laverne and Shirley: The Movie."
© 1999 Ed Johnson-Ott
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


This website is just for me to have fun!!
Hello welcome to my sample website LOL!!
This website is about random things loll
This is a Bold Text This is an Italic Text This is an Underline Text This is an Emphasize Text This is a Strong Text This is a Highlighted Text This is a Subscript Text This is a Superscript TextThis is a Deleted TextThis is a Quoted TextThis is a Small Text
| Name | Device or Platform | Price | Store | Purchasable | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minecraft: Java Edition |
|
$26.95 | Minecraft.net | Yes | No cross-platform play with Bedrock |
| Minecraft for Windows |
|
$29.99 | Minecraft Store on Windows 10 | Yes | Cross-platform play with all other Bedrock versions |
| Minecraft for Mobile Devices |
|
$6.99 | Apple, Android, Amazon app stores | Yes | Cross-platform play with all other Bedrock versions |
| Minecraft for Xbox |
|
$19.99 | Xbox Store and Microsoft Store | Yes | Cross-platform play with all other Bedrock versions |
| Minecraft for Nintendo Switch |
|
$29.99 | Nintendo eShop and retail stroes | Yes | Price includes the Super Mario Mash-up pack; Cross-platform play with all other Bedrock versions |
| Minecraft for Playstation |
|
$19.99 | Playstation Store | Yes | Cross-platform play with all other Bedrock versions |
| Minecraft for Xbox One Edition |
|
$19.99 | Xbox Store | No | This edition has partly been replaced by the Bedrock Edition version and is no longer updated |
| Minecraft for Xbox 360 |
|
$19.99 | Xbox Store | No | No longer being updated since the Aquatic Update |
| Minecraft: PS4 Edition |
|
$19.99 | PlayStation Store and retail stores | No | This edition has partly been replaced by the Bedrock version and is no longer updated |
| Minecraft: PS3 Edition |
|
$19.99 | PlayStation Store and retail stores | No | No longer being updated |
| Minecraft: PlayStation Vita Edition |
|
$19.99 | PlayStation Store and retail stores | No | No longer being updated |
| Minecraft: Wii U Edition |
|
$29.99 | Nintendo eShop | Yes | Support for off-screen play |
| Minecraft: New Nintendo 3DS Edition |
|
$29.99 | Nintendo eShop | Yes | |
| Minecraft: China Version |
|
Free | mc.163.com | N/A | Available only in China |
| Minecraft: Education Edition |
|
$5 - $ 12 per user/year | Education.minecraft.net | Yes | Developed for schools, camps and clubs, with features to create and deliver lessons for all subjects |
| Minecraft: PI Edition |
|
Free | Pi.minecraft.net | N/A | Designed for teaching and tinkering |


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Personal Profile
Self-taught SQL, Tableau, Pandas, Matplotlib and machine learning (i.e. Scikit-Learn) in Python. I'm currently looking for opportunities gain real-world experience in data science/ data analysis.
Experience working as an EMC test engineer which focuses more on the hardware (electronics & electrical), but I'm interested in pursuing a career in data analysis and wish to transition into data science field.
Highly ambitious and hardworking individual, willingness to learn. Multilingual and have experience in client facing role due to past work experience.
Education
September 2014-present
Past Projects
Technology Skills
Work Experience
Coventry University (Grade: Upper Second Class 2:1)
BEng Computer Hardware and Software Engineering
Third Year
• Advanced Electronics
• Object Oriented Software
• Advanced Digital Systems
• Advanced Network Management and Design
Second Year
• Embedded Microprocessors Group Project
• Programming for Engineers
• Networked System Architectures
First Year
• Analogue and Digital Electronics
• Electrical Engineering
• Introduction to Computer Engineering
Built a Robotic toy vehicle
• Using PIC18F4520 microcontroller board with Assembly language
• A Sharp Proximity Sensor for scanning for the presence of an obstacle
• A Photo-Reflective Optical sensor for sensing marked points
Built a Java Server-Client Application for a mock Gliding Club
• Targeted user: Sales team and Gliding Club Instructors
• The client program connect to and exchange data with the server
• The server program store and retrieve data from the database
• Use of data structures e.g. ArrayLists for temporary storage and manipulation of data
• Designed a GUI on the client side for sales person to operate the system
Built a Wireless Health Monitoring Device (Final year individual project)
• Using Arduino Uno Wi-Fi, GSM Modem and GPS unit
• Monitors patient’s heartbeat, ECG and body temperature
• IoT feature enable medical experts to observe patients anytime of the day through the Internet
• System sends message notifies related contacts of patient’s location and conditions in real time during life threatening situation
Programming languages:
• Python (NumPy, Pandas, Scikit-Learn, Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly), Transact-SQL
Machine Learning (Scikit-Learn):
• Unsupervised (K-Means Clustering, Hierarchical Clustering, DBSCAN)
Toolkit:
Jupyter Notebook, Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio, Tableau (BI Tool) link, Microsoft Excel
Operating Systems:
• Windows
Spoken languages:
• English, Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese, Malay
EMC Test Engineer at Intertek
• Maintained technical logbooks and produced EMC test reports for customers
• Working closely with clients and provide assistance during EMC test testing
• Performed compliance testing on marine, medical, fire alarm, railway, commercial products
• Setting up and conducting all types of EMC tests and ensuring that test specifications are followed correctly
• Performed internal calibration on test equipment
• Performed monthly trend & analysis on test equipment


South Dakota’s Anti-Meth Campaign Has Everyone Talking
by Stephanie MlotSouth Dakota has a meth problem. But don’t worry, the state is on it.
Gov. Kristi Noem on Monday launched the “Meth. We’re On It” campaign to raise awareness about the drug epidemic.
“South Dakota’s meth crisis is growing at an alarming rate,” she said in a statement. “It impacts every community in our state and threatens the success of the next generation.
“It is filling our jails and prisons, clogging our court systems, and stretching our drug treatment capacity while destroying people and their families,” Noem continued. “This is our problem, and together, we need to get on it.”
The Mount Rushmore State is attacking that problem from all sides: In addition to launching police task forces, Gov. Noem has requested funding to support meth treatment services and launch school-based prevention programming.
Dominated by an agricultural economy and rural lifestyle, the Midwestern state doesn’t offer much in the way of culture; aside from some presidents’ giant faces, Laura Ingalls Wilder, and a rich Native American history, there’s frankly little of note.
Which is perhaps why twice as many South Dakota teens report using meth in the past year than the U.S. average, according to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
“The campaign is inclusive and empowering and establishes a movement for all South Dakotans to take an active role in keeping our state a great place to live,” Laurie Gill, South secretary of the Department of Social Services, said. “We’re encouraging everyone to work together to eliminate meth.”
Community members are encouraged to take action in their local areas: have discussions, offer support and resources, coordinate volunteer efforts, and advocate for prevention.
With a heavy focus on youth engagement, the campaign (which reportedly cost just short of $449,000) relies heavily on social media to get the word out. And get the word out it has.
The state’s leaders, however, have embraced the social media blowback as a success.
“With about 83 percent of South Dakota’s 2019 court admissions for controlled substances being methamphetamine-related, it’s evident there’s a need for an aggressive approach to reduce use of the devastating drug,” Gill said.
“This is a movement to educate South Dakotans on the signs of addiction, the treatment resources that are available, and how to implement prevention techniques in their homes and among their communities,” she added.
Visit OnMeth.com for a list of available resources and local treatment centers.
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--- layout: post title: Hunger will Pass date: 2015-11-12 tags: - Hunger - Numbers - Old Testament - Targums meta: pvc_views: "41499" views: "206" dsq_thread_id: "4312843152" author: jcuenod permalink: /content/hunger-will-pass/ hidden: false featured: false ---
Have you ever read the Bible and thought, “why is this even here?” Me too… and that is especially true when I read Numbers 7. But, I have just found a way of reading at least some of it in a new light. In the NIV for Numbers 7:87 we simply read,
The total number of animals for the burnt offering came to
twelve young bulls,
twelve rams and
twelve male lambs a year old,
together with their grain offering …
Numbers 7 is (I think) the most repetitive chapter in the Bible; the offerings brought by each tribe are enumerated (for all the twelve tribes). By the time we reach verse 87, we are in the summary section that recounts (in laborious detail for the thirteenth time) what each tribe had brought. But recently I read this verse in a Rabbinic interpretive translation (the Targums), which says:
The total number of bulls for the burnt offerings came to twelve;
a bull for each leader of the father’s house;
twelve rams, because the twelve chiefs of Ishmael will perish;
twelve one-year old lambs, because the twelve chiefs of Esau will perish;
and their grain offerings, because hunger will pass from the world;
The Rabbis have added these interpretive elements to the end of each line. They're all interesting but take a look at the end of the last line – yes, pause and re-read it. Question: Why should we offer grain offerings? Answer: because hunger will pass from the world.
because hunger will pass from the world!
That's an awesome justification – imagine living in an evironment in which you work your land, growing all the crops you possibly can and, when harvest comes, knowing that this is what you will be surviving on until the next harvest.  Why? Because hunger will pass from the world. That is, because the harvest you are gathering in right now is from him and by giving an offering you are acknowledging that if you needed more, God would have given you more and, as his child, one day he will; one day hunger will pass from the world.


Alex Flores, of Las Cruces, was on a Nov. 10 fishing trip with his father, Kris, at Elephant Butte Reservoir when he caught the blue catfish.
"I've been a fisherman since I was 6 months old. When I had my son, I had him out on the water, too, when he was very young," Kris Flores told The Las Cruces Sun-News. "Right before he caught the fish, it was getting cool on the lake and the kids wanted to go back in and warm up. The sun had just set and the lake was like glass when one of the rods doubled over and Alex began to reel."
Alex, a fourth-grader, named the fish Wailord after a Pokemon character.
The fish was released back into the water after taking photos and videos, said Kris Flores, who runs a catfish guide service at the reservoir and has his own YouTube channel, "Muddy River Catfishing."
He said he has a policy of releasing any fish weighing over 10 pounds.
CLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP
"Anything over 10 pounds we release back into the water because that means that fish is the one that passes the genes," he said.
The largest blue catfish ever caught at Elephant Butte weighed 78 pounds and measured four feet long, according to the New Mexico News Port.


I snorted the first bump of the gram I had gotten at 5:00 pm. I hardly felt it so I figured it was not as potent as other things I had gotten before. I was supposed to get Mephedrone, however my dealer said they ran out and gave me a gram of the MDPV. When I first opened the bag it was strange because it was not very like powder at all, much denser. But I got my scupula and took out enough to do a line, which turned into three because the effects started kicking in very early; I suppose I hadnít eaten that day since noon which might have had a part.
After only 10 minutes I had already started to grind my teeth and had to make a trip to the gas station to get a pack of gum. After about 30 minutes to an hour different effects came in, it felt like I was rolling. This lasted for about two hours, the euphoria feeling that is, then the adverse effects of the drug began. It now felt like I had smoked crack and was coming down, but it didnít end. The restless feelings became irritating because I was tired and wanted to go to sleep. I did not get 10 minutes of sleep that night. It was terribly difficult to focus on anything because my mind would not stop racing, and I couldnít concentrate on anything for more than a minute. I got terrible twitches every time I would begin to get comfortable. The coke/crack feeling lasted for about 6 hours. Now I have been awake for a couple days, but hallucinations have not started yet.
I have found that nothing will make the feeling go away. I drank a screwdriver to begin with to mellow down my racing heart, I was tired for an hour, and then all effects of the alcohol were gone. I then took 3mg of klonipins as well as many over the counter sleep aids. This did not help either for then I was still wired in my body but my brain wanted to sleep, which lead to a night of tossing and turning in my bed. I feel that if I had taken a lower dose this would not have been so bad, I know now that a little is a lot, and it is much more effective and longer lasting than cocaine. It was worth the experience, now I know to not take as much late in the evening, it seems like a rave or day drug at high quantities. I should have looked at these posts before, 25mg is plenty and I took four times as much, not thinking. But we all learn from mistakes. I hope the next experience is better.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Illustrate messages for radio buttons
Cessna single-engine airplane descriptions
Types of Plane
Model 152
Model 172 (Skyhawk)
Model 182 (Skylane)
Model 210 (Centurian)


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Colors Demo
Useful and interactive colors web app
Colors generator in HSV space
RGB controller
Color blocks
Block controller


Loved it? Download DevJournal
Hello there! :) Hemang here, developer of DevJournal theme. I'm a CS sophomore at USICT, New Delhi.


The best way to make your dreams come true is to wake up
Paul Valery
#QUOTE
Definition One
Vivamus sagittis lacus vel augue laoreet rutrum faucibus.
#DEFINITION
I'M
IN
A
GRID
#GRID


We start by listening. We do not presume that an out of the box solution will fit your organization's unique needs and values.
The plan is more important than the products. Tools alone don’t build a solution that makes an impact.
Never underestimate the importance of a good site design. It doesn’t matter how great your content is if your learners can’t get to it.
Strategy and Expertise come together with the right team by your side. A solid foundation is critical for long term success.
No learning environment is on an island all alone.
As your learners evolve, your solution will evolve so training on the hows, whats, whens and whys is an ongoing part of every solutions we deliver.
The foundation is set, now it’s time to add the course content. A well designed solution helps get them to the content, a solid Instructional strategy keeps them engaged and coming back for more.


{# # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. -#} {% extends "admin/base.html" %} {% import "admin/utils/pagination.html" as pagination %} {% block title %}Projects{% endblock %} {% block breadcrumb %}
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Minecraft Dungeons brings smash and loot action in April 2020
It's almost time to hack and slash your way to loot.
by Dan Thorp-LancasterWhat you need to know
- Minecraft Dungeons now has an April 2020 release date.
- The game is a Diablo-like dungeon crawler set in the Minecraft world.
- You'll be able to preorder Minecraft Dungeons on Amazon soon.
Minecraft fans won't have to wait much longer to get their hands on the next entry in the Minecraft universe. On stage at X019 today, Microsoft announced that Minecraft Dungeons will launch in April 2020.
Minecraft Dungeons takes the dungeon crawler formula built by classics like Diablo, and places it in the Minecraft world. You'll be able to team up with friends to explore the world, take down creeps, and snatch the best loot. Each area is procedurally generated, so you'll never have the same experience twice.
Because Minecraft Dungeons is an Xbox Game Studios title, it'll be included with Xbox Game Pass. Xbox Game Pass allows you to play more than 100 games for a monthly subscription fee, essentially working like a Netflix for games. Microsoft's first-party games are a part of the program forever, though there are plenty of third-party titles that rotate in and out of the program.
Black Friday buyer's guide: Xbox One headsets
Smash and loot
Minecraft Dungeons
Minecraft meets Diablo
Minecraft Dungeons is an upcoming action RPG set in the blocky worlds of Minecraft! Team up with three friends and get your dungeon crawl on.
Get more Xbox
Xbox
- Xbox One S vs. Xbox One X: Which should you buy?
- Best Xbox One X and Xbox One S Accessories
- Best Xbox One Headsets 2019
- Best Xbox One Wireless Headsets 2019
- Best Xbox Controller Charging Stations in 2019
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Test your broadband speed and win prizes worth R5,000
by Staff WriterMyBroadband’s speed test platform gives you the ability to test your Internet connection speed and rate your Internet service provider (ISP).
These consumer ratings are used to compile monthly and quarterly reports which rank South African Internet service providers.
To ensure a neutral testing environment, MyBroadband’s speed test servers are hosted in Teraco’s vendor-neutral data centres.
Through NAPAfrica, all network operators present at its peering points are provided with a free 10Gbps connection to MyBroadband’s speed test platform.
Test your speed and win
MyBroadband is giving away prizes worth R5,000 to encourage users to do a speed test.
To stand a chance to win one of these great prizes, here is what you should do:
- Test your speed here: MyBroadband Speed Test platform or Speedtest.co.za
- Rate your ISP after the speed test is complete
- Post your speed test results here: Giveaway entry
The giveaway will run until 29 November 2019, and the winners will be announced shortly afterwards.


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Farmers blocked as Israel-Jordan enclave deal expires
NAHARAYIM, Israel: Israelis were prevented from entering Jordanian border enclaves on Sunday (Nov 10) after a deal allowing farmers to work land there expired, 25 years after a landmark peace treaty.
Since the two countries signed the deal in 1994, Jordan has allowed Israeli farmers access to the territories of Ghumar in the north and Baqura in the south under a renewable 25-year arrangement.
In October last year however, Jordan's King Abdullah said his country had notified Israel that it wants them back.
An AFP journalist in northern Israel on Sunday said the yellow gate to a bridge over the river dividing the two countries, long the portal for Israeli farmers to access Baqura, was locked.
Baqura, known in Hebrew as Naharayim, lines on a spit of land where the Jordan and Yarmuk rivers meet.
Ghumar, deep in the Negev desert south of the Dead Sea, is known in Hebrew as Tzofar.
The lands have been privately owned by Israeli entities for decades, but the 1994 deal saw the kingdom retain sovereignty there.
Since the heady days of Israel's second peace treaty with an Arab state - after Egypt - relations with Amman have been strained.
Opinion polls have repeatedly found that the peace treaty with Israel is overwhelmingly opposed by Jordanians, more than half of whom are of Palestinian origin.
In 1997, a Jordanian soldier opened fire at a group of Israeli schoolgirls touring the so-called "Peace Island" at Naharayim, killing seven and prompting then-King Hussein to conduct condolences visits with the families.
In 2017, an Israeli embassy security guard in Amman killed two Jordanians.
Three years earlier, an Israeli soldier at a border crossing killed a Jordanian judge he deemed a threat.
Just last month, Amman recalled its ambassador from Israel over the prolonged detention without trial in the Jewish state of two Jordanians. The ambassador returned after the two were released.


VINT CERF
One of the father's of the internet
- 1994 - ACM Fellow
- 1988 - Fellow of the IEEE, "for contributions and leadership in the design, development, and application of internet protocols"
- 1994 - Association for Computing Machinery, for "vision and leadership in the design, implementation, evolution, and dissemination of the TCP/IP computer communication protocol suite"
- 1996 - Yuri Rubinsky Memorial Award
- 2008 - Cerf was inducted into the Worshipful Company of Information Technologists and given the Freedom of the City of London
- 2008 - He and Robert Kahn were awarded the Japan Prize
- 2011 - he was awarded an HPI Fellowship as "...a tribute to his work for a new medium which influenced the everyday life of our society like no other one
- 2012 - he was inducted as a Pioneer into the Internet Hall of Fame"
- 2013 - Cerf was one of five Internet and Web pioneers awarded the inaugural Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering
- 2014 - Cerf was awarded Officer of the French Légion d'honneur
- 2016 - Cerf was elected a Foreign Member of The UK Royal Society
Here's a time line of Vin Cerf's life:
"Information flow is what the Internet is about. Information sharing is power. If you don't share your ideas, smart people can't do anything about them, and you'll remain anonymous and powerless." -- Vinton Cerf


error City Hub will attempt to start the City Chain background daemon (process) at startup. This dialog appears due to failure to load City Chain daemon. You can copy the errors and report them to the development team for support.
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B&M is selling a doormat sensor that plays Christmas songs for £4.99
Spreading the festive cheer
by Richard BellFor those who aren't content with a Christmas tree and the usual garlands and wreathes to give their homes a winter makeover, B&M is selling a doormat sensor that plays festive tunes.
The sensor detects when someone stands on a doormat and starts playing Christmas songs - and it's available for just £4.99 at value retailer B&M.
One shopper posted about the find on the Facebook group Extreme Couponing & Bargains UK and laughed: "This is amazing, lol."
Read more: M&S shoppers delighted by Snow Globe Clementine Gin for Christmas
They shared a clip of the sensor to show off some of the tunes shoppers can expect to hear if they bag one for themselves.
In the video, posted on Monday (11.11.19), the sensor is heard playing a rendition of We Wish You A Merry Christmas followed by Jingle Bells.
The Facebook user continued: "For all you Christmas lovers... B&M, £4.99."
They added, for clarity: "You only get the sensor mat, the door mats are £2.99."
According to the back of the packaging, the mat is placed under a doormat and comes with an upright speaker to be positioned nearby.
The speaker can also be mounted on a wall, as it has a hole in the back for hanging on a nail or screw. It is operated with two AA batteries.
In other Christmas shopping news, you can now get a free Baileys chocolate reindeer at Asda when you buy a litre bottle of the liqueur for £12.
The supermarket is offering shoppers the opportunity to get a free chocolate treat for no extra cost when they purchase the bottle of booze from now until December 4.
Baileys says the chocolate reindeer, which usually costs £5, is hollow and can be enjoyed by being filled with 50ml of the drink.
Read more: Marks & Spencer launches bright pink Percy Pig muffins and they only cost £1!
Elsewhere, McDonalds is selling a new Christmas dessert - the Snickerdoodle McFlurry.
Billed as a "creamy, sweet treat perfect for the holiday season", McDonald's says the Snickerdoodle McFlurry "is made with creamy vanilla soft serve with Snickerdoodle topping mixed throughout".
Leave us a comment on our Facebook page @EntertainmentDailyFix and let us know what you think of this story.


National Solar Vehicle Challenge
National Solar Vehicle Challenge (NSVC) 2019
Date: 1st March, 2019
Organized By: School of Mechanical Engineering, REVA University
“Solar Energy is the most discussed and viable option to counter imminent threat to the environment caused due to depleting resources” said Dr. K. S. Narayanswamy, Director, School of Mechanical Engineering, REVA University as the opening statement at the inauguration of National Solar Vehicle Challenge (NSVC) 2019, a 5 day event organized by the University in association with Dynamist Motorsports on March 1, 2019 in the campus.
The Challenge was instated by Chief Guest, Mr. Srinivasappa, General Manager, Karnataka Renewable Energy Development Ltd, who stated that, “Karnataka is the largest producer of Renewable Energy in the country today making it the most suitable location for the creation of green technology”. Dr. P. Shyama Raju, Honourable Chancellor, REVA University presided over the occasion, citing “Electric Vehicles accessible to the common man” as the most futuristic and conscientious concept envisioned by the former and realized by the latter generation. Vice Chancellor, Dr. S.Y. Kulkarni focused on the educational experience students gathered will be exposed to, reinforcing the need to move from “Theoretical Graduates to Practical Graduates”, where an event like this will prove to be instrumental. Mr. Aman Kumar Singh, Director, Operations, Dynamist Motorsports Ltd. was the Guest of Honour at the event.
18 teams from different parts of the country like Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Karnataka are participating in this national challenge of building a solar powered vehicle, that will stand the test of time and technology, bringing the most efficient and dynamic minds in machine and strategic learning to the fore. The simple aim of this mega affair is to develop clean and safe energy for transportation for the future and build an interest towards automobiles in students


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