For this experiment I thought it would be interesting to play a pharmaceutical angle given the global pandemic currently occuring. Mylan is a company that produces 200mg Hydroxychloroquine tablets. New York is currenly looking into the drug as a treatment for coronavirus, or Covid-19. This run of stocksight searches for the ticker 'MYL' and the keywords 'myl','mylan','manufacturing','hydroxychloroquine','hydroxychloraquine','sulfate','nasdaq','medication' on financial Twitter feeds such as @nytimesbusiness.
A news article announcing production commencing at a Mylan facility in West Virginia
An example of a tweet which has been classified as positive. Mylan (MYL), the company I am interested in, produces 200mg Hydroxychloroquine tablets. As you can see, the tweet has been classified as "positive" according to our natural language processing model. Probably tokens such as "treat","start","acquired", and "implementing" make the overall connotation of the tweet positive.
=================================
Tweet Date: 2020-03-23T04:43:12
Screen Name: Colleen62567745
Location: None
Language: None
Friends: 107
Followers: 726
Statuses: 163707
Tweet ID:<PHONE_NUMBER>804437504
Tweet Raw Text: RT @bennyjohnson: New York will start implementing the trial drugs to treat Coronavirus.
NY has acquired:
- 70,000 Hydroxychloroquine
- 10…
Tweet Filtered Text: @bennyjohnson: New York will start implementing the trial drugs to treat Coronavirus. NY has acquired: - 70,000 Hydroxychloroquine - 10
NLTK Tokens: ['bennyjohnson', 'new', 'york', 'start', 'implementing', 'trial', 'drugs', 'treat', 'coronavirus', 'acquired', 'hydroxychloroquine']
Tweet Clean Text (sentiment): New York will start implementing the trial drugs to treat Coronavirus. NY has acquired: - 70,000 Hydroxychloroquine - 10
************
Sentiment Polarity: 0.2691318181818182
Sentiment Subjectivity: 0.45454545454545453
Sentiment (url): None
Sentiment (algorithm): positive
Overall sentiment (textblob): Sentiment(polarity=0.13636363636363635, subjectivity=0.45454545454545453)
Overall sentiment (vader): {'neg': 0.0, 'neu': 0.87, 'pos': 0.13, 'compound': 0.4019}
sentence was rated as 0.0 % Negative
sentence was rated as 87.0 % Neutral
sentence was rated as 13.0 % Positive
************
2020-03-22 21:43:18,072 [INFO][stocksight] Adding tweet to elasticsearch
------------------------------> (tweets: 33, filtered: 14, filter-ratio: 42.42%)


forever
more than 4ever
Academic Writing Month
Allegedly a super long Navy Acronym...
"Administrative Command, Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet Subordinate Command"
I'm doubtful that it's a real acronym
spotted in the comments section of a video where someone was petting a leopard.
adorable/terrifying
"An alphamagic square is a magic square in which the number of letters in the name of each number in the square generates another magic square. " - wikipedia
also alpha magic, alpha-magic
a twitter shortering of Americans
refers to the wibbly wobbly poop emojis in the upcoming new phone
Xkcd 1932
doggo speak for a wolf howl
spotted in my FB feed as 'pupper does an awoo' .
Also spotted an 'awoo everyword' twitter handle
Tape drive tech term. Not sure what a tape drive backhitch is.
a fabric water bucket under a firefighting helicopter.
looked up 2400 times,
Big friendly rocket
Sometimes scientists just like to make big words.
bats
🐶
:p
Spotted as doggo speak.
photography chemistry - bleach and fix
spotted on youtube.
female blogger
spotted on CNN "But critics say the name will teach children a nonword. It prompted a hue and cry (pun intended) on Twitter."
a bunny rabbit
term looked up 3200 times. Google Trends search shows this term trending Sept 2013. Google search shows this term popping up on wordnik on Sep 20, 2013
Coincidence?
spotted as "Born On This Day" in twitterspeak.
spotted this word in my facebook feed with a definition of
"Straight white male offended by any feminist or ethnic activity which is not directly designed for him" - this was likely copy and pasted from somewhere else
bubble net feeding - by humpback whales.
also bubble-netting , bubble net fishing, bubble netting, bubble-net fishing,
spotted in a tweet which had a video of a guy in a kayak with half a dozen whales rising and feeding.
can't you
"Dakotah god of the woods" https://books.google.ca/books?id=bQAxAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA41
can't you
South China Morning Post is using this term for Vancouver's Cantonese community
boxed wine
ferrets, according to twitterese.
appears to be short version of certified/ certificate
October 2017. New Zealand ran out of chips.
spotted as short for choreography
dance moves
Spotted as a Christmas themed alcoholic drink. 🎄🍸
spotted this in a local twitter feed for a hybrid between a photo and a video.
seems this word has some staying power.
starting to spot this in my FB and Twitter feeds.
from the usage, it seems to have different meanings for different people.
spotted cmte. as short for committee (spotted in a news headline)
slang for crazy .
kray kray
cryo-electron microscopy
definition spotted on twitter "cute ugly"
self censored version of beer pong
gyped by a curbstoner
A native language in the Prince George area of British Columbia.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/dakelh-nakazdli-language-app-camp-1.4459256
"Growing up, she said, her father would occasionally speak to her in the Nak'azdli dialect of the Dakelh language historically spoken in central B.C., even though he wasn't fluent."
a back surgery operation where the part of a herniated disk is removed because it was pressing against the spinal cord.
see also microdiscetomy
a mom to a furbaby
Dothraki daiquiri
Roadside drug tester. Spotted in the news
A pickup truck with the 2 pairs of tires on the back.
an El Camino car
"Yeah Man, El Camino!" (from a movie)
spotted this in looking up fire corn emojis.
Grilled corn.
spotted as multiple of emoji
🔥 up the emoji plural debate
(Google trends has emojis being more popular)
English / Tagalog . aka Taglish
"Now that this hat is upon mine head, Any and all procamations I make, thus enhatted, are now and forever law"
-Colbert , Big Furry Hat
more Mexican food, cup of elote
from the examples, half the time 'evergreen content' refers to spammy SEO optimization where old articles are refreshed to get search engines to update.
other times it refers to content which is "always true".
a tweet that is accurate now as it was years ago.
updated 2017 definition - any news you don't personally like
Japanese for fake news . spotted in japantimes article "Japan’s buzzwords of 2017 cover everything from politics to poop"
archaic version of phlegmatic?
a flipbook
flying aquatic skateboard - powered by a powerful water jet.
Stephen King wrote The Mist
Movie idea: the writer - a story about a writer who unleashes monsters on people who steal his ideas. Wait.. that was Goosebumps.
spotted in the news "'Fognado' engulfs California beach" BBC. it's more of a low roll cloud or a low gravity wave cloud.
the customer facing side of tech, ie, the web page, or user interface.
also spotted as a verb, because you can verb all the nouns.
Fujiwhara effect is where storms combine to form a bigger storm.
bbc article " an untranslatable word for pure joy"
Greatest International Scavenger Hunt the World Has Ever Seen
spotted in the office, someone who is biased against people who are gluten intolerant.
good morning
texting/tweeting abbreviation of 'good night'
a golden labrador doggo
Grammatical errors
Spotted in article about Curiosity rover's wheels.
" “In either case, the climbing wheel can end up experiencing higher forces, leading to cracks and punctures. The treads on each of Curiosity's six wheels, called grousers, are designed for climbing rocks. But the spaces between them are more at risk.”
-The Register
Txt/twitterspeak "gtfo of here"
oh, it's a word
Halloween Weekend.
happy Gary refers to this emoticon ᕕ( ᐛ )ᕗ
"Happy birthday to you"
Computing: "Halt and Catch Fire" assembly code instruction 1967 https://books.google.ca/books?id=VItRAAAAYAAJ&q="halt+and+catch+fire";
opposite of lowkey
a 2015 business insider article has it as
spotted online as a shortening of 'hold my beer'. This is a minority use of this abbreviation.
a html frame that pops up when you hover over an object or text for more information on a web site.
hummingbirds
also found - 1994 usage slang for homies
for when the term super-power isn't good enough
Spotted in The Atlantic
'The nightmare was sketched for me by the head of geosciences at Pennsylvania State University, Lee Kump, whose “horror movie” speculation was that there might have turbocharged “hypercanes” of almost unbelievable intensity assaulting the supercontinent Pangaea—the result of runaway global warming.'
"Ice rises are islands overridden by the ice shelf, allowing them to shoulder more of the weight of the shelf."
- NY Times article - A Crack in an Antarctic Ice Shelf Is 8 Miles From Creating an Iceberg the Size of Delaware
textspeak for 'i hate you'
Spotted this in the news "Star Wars characters get Indigenized by Comox First Nation artist" - CBC article.
From the examples, this term has been around for at least 20 years.
Quick books search has this going back to 1800s https://books.google.ca/books?id=TLw-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA256&dq=indigenized
spotted shortening of intentional
scheduled to be born around 6/17/18 in Florida
spotted in my social media feed The destructive Hurricane Irma 2017
spotted in the Miami New Times http://www.miaminewtimes.com/arts/hurricane-irma-the-best-memes-from-irmahgherd-to-irmageddon-9648050
"Irmahgerd Hurdicurn Reperder"
British Naval Slang
spotted in 1989 book of the same name "Jackspeak: A guide to British Naval slang & usage"
spotted in my social media feeds as a Iceland book thing with chocolate.
Captain Kirk's fighting style.
when your dad was a racist, your grandfather was a racist, etc...
twitterese for 'know'
from the tweets - automated buoys tweetage for knots.
tongue
short slangy - language
anniversary of a launch
loaded political word.
A smile with raised eyebrows.
Spotted in local news lookeeloos
opposite of highkey
in linux computing, it's 'metal as a service'.
How Google and Apple refer to the Macintosh OS according to their style guides
Moving water using magnets and electricity
spotted in a british video, also mansplaying I assume it's the British version of manspreading
A nickname for a Maud Lewis painting
looked up 1295 times, just saw this term today.
Realm of memes
Yes it was. Sounds similar to a storm surge
spotted in news as a weather generated tsunami
an operation where parts of a herniated disk which is pinching your spinal nerves is removed, relieving pressure on the nerve.
in emoji 🥤🦆
BBC article explains what Milkshake Duck means.
'"Milkshake Duck" is slang for someone who is briefly and universally cheered, but then swiftly turned upon because of their previous social media posts. ' Dec 15, 2017
mini version of you
short for mockumentary
"May the force be with you"
it's a smoochy friendly kiss sound , also common to add extra letters for added effect.
mustgo soup is made from the leftovers in the fridge which 'must go'
A billionth of a century. 3.155 seconds
Spotted in the twitterverse "not gonna lie"
Slang shortening of North Korea
people without magical powers. Muggles.
See modern example at noping
spotted as a verb.
nope nope nope nope.. outta here.
when the Movember moustache takes over the lower face.
"Biologists Just Discovered an Underwater Octopus City And They're Calling It Octlantis "
- unconfirmed story from my FB feed. also Octopolis
And if the Octopuses have a garden, would that be the Octopuses' garden?
another octopus city . also Octlantis
baseball term
"on-base percentage" "on-base streak"
"Office québécois de la langue française"
from the BBC article "The place that banned the term grilled cheese and cocktail"
new allowed word in Quebec: grilled-cheese
The Quebec 'language police'
spotted in a CBC science show
"Now scientists are using human brain 'organoids' to study the roots of some genetic diseases like frontotemporal dementia.
The name of the cigar shaped object hurtling through our Solar system.
This word is written on my apartment building's washing machines.
Supposed to 'avoid oversudsing' by using less detergent.
also sudsing
archaic term found in an archaic book from the 1600's relating to Animals and Minerals.
https://books.google.ca/books?id=U08PAAAAYAAJ
Page 479 has Spirit Animals.
spotted this in verb form - lets patio!
a podcast including cats.. maybe dogs.
also spotted on youtube.
spotted in the article listed at highkey peeped seems popular in tweets still.
Spotted in computer gaming.
A non-existent Earth twin planet we can all fly to when we ruin this one.
"There is no Planet B" - most scientists in 2017
emoji poetry
most emoji poetry is non english
mmm.. potizza
“whole deserts of publessness” spotted in Guardian article on how pubs are disappearing
Beeps heard in Apollo spaceflight audio. Spotted on a Science Friday retweet.
Spotted in tech news as 'Ransomware As A Service' where bad guys have malware for sale and servers to rent.
Glad the examples listed to the right have Recovery as a service.
was looking up the 'shadow snakes' effect which is seen during eclipse, and came across the Rahu legend in search results.
random stranger
spotted someone using this, assumed it meant 'grandpa', probably wrong.
2017 politics - refers to Ruth Bader Ginsburg "Notorious RBG"
thx bilby.
recommended
spotted in the 'recently listed' list.
Interesting examples when you browse twitter.
Apologies for the loss in productivity in looking up this word on twitter.
thanks for catching that typo.
An actual technical term when scrolling is broken in a web browser.
Spotted as a nickname for Ottawa Senators
slang for spaghetti
looked up 2400 times. The people demand a definition.
boom.
Sorry for getting wordnik in trouble with the word police.
fancy way of saying walk in the woods , term coined in 1980's Japan.
Twitterese for 'should'
looked up 2500 times.
Google trends has this word becoming a thing likely with a March 6 Youtube Video 'I am shooketh'
I wonder if those lookups were from after that video.
spotted in a guardian article about denim being a new thing.
"Model Gigi Hadid ‘shrobing’ her denim jacket in New York. "
Vogue has an article called "What Is Shrobing? And How Do You Do it?"
It's basically draping what you're wearing off your shoulders, like your jacket is almost falling off your shoulders.
"shut your"
"skip-level meetings" "skip-level manager" - sounds like some new corporatespeak.
pet boogers.
spotted in Guardian story 'How I survived living with a cat stuffed with uranium'
I don't know why. The 19th c. Had whiskey as part of frostbite treatment. (google book search "whisky frostbite" 19th c.)
This refers to the sourtoe drink which has a mummified toe.
Fron the Guardian article:
"For more than 40 years the Downtown hotel in Dawson City has served up the sourtoe cocktail, a shot of whisky with a blackened toe – nail and all – bobbing inside. Those who manage to touch the gnarled, severed toe to their lips earn a certificate.
On Saturday a customer took it one step further, allegedly making off with the wrinkled digit after swallowing his drink. “We are furious,” said Terry Lee of the hotel. “Toes are very hard to come by.”"
a graph showing the multiple paths of an incoming storm using multiple mathematical models.
spotted in the news.
spotted in a book search 1973 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute -1975 MIT - Mid Ocean Dynamics Experiment
spotted phrase 'sperg out'
If you use this term, you're being socially insensitive, as it makes fun of people with aspergers, or uses aspergers as an insult, even if the target of the insult doesn't have aspergers.
physics - "Other physicists figured out that this quantum state represented spin.
And the up and down degrees of freedom with direction of pointing along the angular momentum axis. We now call these component waveforms spinors"
an air filter for marijuana smokers to exhale without stinking up the place.
spoiler alert :like a spoiler alert
"Families who would once have eaten potato waffles are now experimenting with lower carb butternut “squaffles” (slices of butternut squash cut to resemble a waffle)." Guardian article - Why we fell for clean eating.
spotted as pilot slang for 'the old round gauge displays' instead of modern rectangular displays.
- froma Juan Browne video.
a do-it-yourself tattoo.. sewing needles and ink. aka snp tattoo aka stick and poke
quick books search, this term is over 100 years old.
this phrase refers to having a hangover from partying.
tea brewed in the sun in a glass jar. sun tea
surfing gear - wetsuits , spotted in BBC article. maybe they meant surfwear
goes back to 1968
text speak for season
refers to the table flip emoticon
(╯°□°）╯︵ ┻━┻
or
(ノಠ益ಠ)ノ彡┻━┻
and some people have to 'put the table back'.
┬──┬◡ﾉ(° -°ﾉ)
someone who does takigrafy
spotted in the Shorthand Writer. https://books.google.ca/books?id=IgQDAAAAYAAJ
football term defined at take a knee
Refers to the quarterback kneel-wikipedia.
Spotted in a news article about a crashed warship 'Though the admiral said he had visited the McCain and denied, in response to reporters' questions, that her crew were overworked ("I didn't see a crew taking a knee, so to speak") his...'
Tattoo inspiration
a software industry buzzword bingo jargon word.
it's a term that implies that all these technical things work together nicely and flawlessly, but the reality is that a tech stack is a cross between square pegs hammered into round holes, a Rube Goldberg machine and a Jenga tower which stops working and falls apart at the slightest disturbance.
Also, powered by hamsters. x1636
thicc has been looked up 4285 times. Google trends has this term showing up late 2015.
I heard of the Tim Tam Slam 20 years ago. This should be in the dictionary, or at least the Macquarie
'That Moment When'.
Like the 2009 definition
short version of the word tweet.
clearly this word was coined by marketing types to make people feel inadequate about their laundry and consume more detergent.
United Nations General Assembly
US Army Corps of Engineers
Txt/twitterspeak for "would"
spotted half a dozen times on twitter since 2013. refers to when someone types the words for an emoji instead of using emojis
ie "dumpster fire" instead of"🗑🔥"
spotted quote on Facebook, Can't vouch for it's realness.
"We made it to friday! Raise your cup to surviving another week of wtf-ery." ~ Nanea Hoffman ~…
Spotted Monterey Bay Aquarium tweet
"You can now see the aptly-named wunderpus (full name: wunderpus photogenicus—really!) in our Tentacles special exhibition! 🐙"
Blend of gen-x and millennial. Spotted in an article where this was people born between 1977 and 1983.
A cross-fiction story, combining 2 different fictional universes x-fic
High level of the Texan equivalent of the whom'st contraction.
a bee infected by apocephalus borealis "The zombie fly"
"This week paleontologists from the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto unveiled the latest addition to their dinosaur menagerie: a massive, rhinocerous-sized armoured dinosaur they're calling Zuul - because of its striking resemblance to the demon-monster in the original Ghostbusters movie." -CBC Quirks and Quarks
I'm not sure if this renders on phones and desktops, but this is a heiroglyphic character of a guy with his hands up... I like to think this is the Heiroglyphic shruggie. (it's not)
spotted in looking up puppucino
emoji for milkshake duck


nmod
: nominal modifier
The nmod
relation is used for nominal dependents of another noun or noun phrase and functionally corresponds to
an attribute, or genitive complement.
New from v2: The nmod
relation was previously used also for nominal dependents of verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. These are now covered by the new obl relation.
In English, plain nmod
applies to prepositionally-marked dependents of nominals (the preposition itself attaches as case):
toys for children
nmod(toys, children)
case(children, for)
some of the toys
nmod(some, toys)
case(toys, of)
det(toys, the)
The subtype nmod:poss applies to nominals with possessive (genitive) marking instead of a preposition:
my office
nmod:poss(office, my)
The possessive can alternate with the preposition of, in which case only the relation label differs:
the president 's office
det(president, the-1)
nmod:poss(office-4, president)
case(president, 's-3)
the office of the president
det(office-2, the-1)
nmod(office-2, president)
case(president, of-3)
det(president, the-4)
Prepositionless, non-possessive nominals serving as adnominal modifiers are tagged with subtypes nmod:tmod (temporal) or nmod:npmod (other). See the definitions of these relations.
nmod in other languages: [bej] [bg] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gd] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [it] [ja] [kk] [ky] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [yue] [zh]


thVars
There are two ways of defining and initialising Thymol variables, by using request parameters or via JavaScript declarations.
The value of an expression variable may be defined through the use of request parameters attached to the URL by which the static template is invoked.
Request parameters are specified by using the usual "http get" mechanism:
file:///C:/Users/jjb/project/big-example/page5.html?firstName=Fred&surName=Bloggs
Thymol allows the definition of variables as structures and name/value pairs using a JavaScript string array with a json-like syntax.
The Thymol variables definition JavaScript array must be given the identifier "thVars".
Here is an example:
var thVars = [
...
[ "home", "/home/fred" ],
[ "home", "/home/fred" ],
[ "valueIndex", 345 ],
[ "product", "#{ 'name': 'Lettuce', 'prices': { 'euros': '9.00', 'dollars': '12.00' } }" ],
...
];
This example causes the creation of three Thymol variables.
The first is called "home" and has the string value "/home/fred".
The second is called "valueIndex" and has a primitive integer value of 345.
The third is an object variable called "product". The "product" object has two properties, a scalar called "name" and a map called "prices".
The "name" field has a primitive string value of "Lettuce".
The "prices" map comprises two fields: "euros" and "dollars" with values 9.00 and 12.00 respectively.
Following their definition, we may refer to these variables in expressions by using the terms "${home}", "${valueIndex}" or "${product}" respectively.
The values of the "product" object's internal properties may be referenced using the familiar "dot" notation ("${product.prices.euros}" etc ).
Alternatively, expressions may refer to properties of the "product" object using the associative-array style as "${product['name']}".
collections
Collections are also supported in the thVars structure.
To define an array of text values use the following json-like syntax:
var thVars = [
...
["types", "#[ 'Cat', 'Dog', 'Bird', 'Reptile', 'Amphibian' ]"],
...
];
Thymol collection object members may be referenced using (zero based) index values.
For example, with the above thVars definition, the following span should be rendered with the value "Bird":
<span th:text="${types[2]}">default</span>
Thymol collections are most useful for prototyping values to be used in elements with Thymeleaf th:each attributes.
object references
The Thymol thVars structure allows the definition and use of object references in the "style" of OGNL by prefixing the name of the object variable with a single "#" character.
var thVars = [
...
["c1", "#{ 'key': 'Galicia', 'value': 'Santiago de Compostela' }"],
["c2", "#{ 'key': 'Asturias', 'value': 'Oviedo' }"],
["c3", "#{ 'key': 'Cantabria', 'value': 'Santander' }"],
["capitals", "#[ #c1, #c2, #c3 ]"],
["data", "#{ 'regions': #capitals, 'extras': {} }",
...
];
In the above example, we have defined a list of objects called "capitals" that holds three name/value pairs,
Thymol object references may be used in the thVars structure wherever a variable name may be used, but not within templates.
Thymol object references may be used as URL parameters, but the "#" prefix must be escaped (URL encoded) in order for this to work:
e.g.
page5.html?regions=%23capitals&range=%23data
expressions
Thymol allows the use of the complete standard dialect expression syntax.
The evaluation of boolean expressions is consistent with that of Thymeleaf's ObjectUtils.evaluateAsBoolean() function.


Exoplanets Transit Explorer¶
Warning
This package is experimental, and under development.
An experimental package for quickly exploring exoplanets transits and associated resources.
Quick Start¶
Installation¶
Install package from the git repository:
$ pip install git+https://github.com/nunorc/exotx@master
Using light curves¶
Retrieve and process some light curves.
import exotx
# define the arguments for the object of interest
args = exotx.Args(target='kepler-210', quarters=[1, 2], cadence='long', pdc=True)
# retrieve the associated light curves
lcs = exotx.retrieve(args)
# detrend and normalize all light curves
lcs = [exotx.detrend(i) for i in lcs]
lcs = [exotx.normalize(i) for i in lcs]
# combine into a single light curve
lc = exotx.combine(lcs)
# plot the final result
exotx.plot_lc(lc)
Yielding the following plot.
Folding Light Curves¶
Folding a light curve:
# define parameteres for a known planet
params = exotx.Params(p=2.4532, t0=134.092)
# create a list of folds
folds = exotx.fold(lc, params)
# plot the folded light curve
exotx.plot_folds(folds)
Yielding the following plot.
Acknowledgments¶
Thank you to the authors of the lightkurve, batman-package , emcee , and upstream packages.
Thank you to Susana Barros and Olivier Demangeon for the discussions that helped improve this package.


Designed by CognitoCo using IBM Watson Conversation Service
Contact Doug Wight at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>for more info
An example response to Knitbot might be: 'Where's my order?'


Chapter 2 Examine Assumptions and account for Pitfalls
Before designing and running experiments, it helps to examine our assumptions about the topic and clearly track and communicate them. In a similar fashion, statistical models that are later used to analyze collected data also work under assumptions. For example, a simple linear regression model requires four assumptions:
- E(y) = Xβ
- Independence
- Equal variance (σ²)
- Normality
Without checking these assumptions, we are using the wrong models and generating misguided insights or misinformation. Thus, to reduce reliance on models with un-intended consequences, we need to clearly and transparently examine our assumptions about the topic of interest.
Another consideration is measuring how much information we need and can get from an experiment (degrees of freedom). Generally, the more variables are included, the less information is left out. In contrast, our data analysis models can run out of steam if there are too many variables (problem of big data). Thus, we need to strike a balance between information/data gathering and analysis methods.
To summarize, experiments can be more prone to failure if disregard the following points (not an exhaustive list):
- Devise wrong metrics (i.e. metrics that don’t answer the question at hand)
- Have no clear scope (i.e. what are the boundaries for the ‘system under test’)
- Omit assumptions and limitations of study
- Use unrepresentative metrics, have no comparison groups, or have cross-contamination
- Not recognize the experimental limitations
- Overlook significant parameters that affect the behaviour of a system
- Report average and not variability (fall for tricks of statistics or have no statistics!)
- Have no interpretation of what results mean or overgeneralizing conclusions
- Ignore errors and outliers
- Not consider the ethical issues and scenarios or have informed consent from participants
2.1 It is not all bad
Evidence-based policy making can be a political ideal
Experimentation is not all bad news. Many breakthroughs and transformations on many fronts from medicine and technology to social changes for good have come about by a willingness to experiment. For example, experimentation with design of cell phones has resulted in ease of their usability in time.
There are also many advantages to experimentation. For instance, experiments can result in a higher degree of internal validity. Through random assignment of a treatment condition, experimental designs allow us to examine the effect of one variable while keeping other conditions constant. Note that randomization is the key here because it ensures that the treatment and control groups are comparable. Any differences between the two groups can be attributed to the treatment.
For instance, a group in the U.K. tested differ letter framings on the tax reported behaviour of over 7,300 sole proprietors. The different treatments were offers of assistance with tax forms, rational argument and threats of audit. By and large, the treatments proved effective at encouraging taxpayers to declare more, with the threat messages being the most effective (Hasseldine et al. (2007), Persuasive Communications: Tax Compliance Enforcement Strategies for Sole Proprietors, Contempory Accounting Research).
Experimentation can be good even without prior knowledge. This is because sometimes there may not be a theory or theories may fall short to start with. Since experimentation can directly control how data is generated, the experimental approach can survive and thrive with no previous knowledge. For instance, with no prior knowledge, electoral researchers can carry out a field experiment to examine how different ways of contacting voters would affect the voting turnout.
Experimentation can help clarify mixed results. This is sometimes inherent in observations that are looking at similar phenomena with different measurements or with different data sources. Observational studies often generate mixed results and one way to validate or clarify the existing mixed result is to run an experiment. Again with the example of electoral politics, researchers can chose to run an experiment to detect how campaign spending affects the voters for the incumbent and the challengers differently.
2.2 Communication of intent to experiment
Given that we are considering the option to experiment, we need to have clear and open communications and collaborations with cross-functional teams.
The aim is to get feedback from as many diverse people as possible. These conversations can help us decide which ideas to take forward, reiterate clear questions based on feedbacks, and eventually implement in an experimentation proposal.
These conversations presumes that there is already an executive level buy-in in place and that stakeholders are invested in the experimentation process. This also assumes that a clear and thoughtful design and implementation plan exists before starting to communicate such that it can be communicated wholly and incrementally with the executives. This is not a tautology and hopefully drive the point that iteration, re-iteration, agility, and an open attitude are key qualities in the initial process.
Executive buy-in usually requires a thorough risk assessment and contingency plans more so in the public service space than in academic environments. Therefore, it is important that the executive is aware of the experimentation cycle which can also be thought of as the problem-solving process and endorses the method, approach, tests, and tools that generate evidence. Some, in fact, argue that experimentation is the creation of something new in the face of uncertainty and risk, which requires time, effort and relevant resources.
It is noteworthy that the word “experimental” has come to mean “innovative” or “radical” rather than simply “untested”. The Experimenter’s Inventory
Genuine experimentation is about committing to rigorous assessments and evaluation of evidence, not just freewheeling “trying stuff out” or doing things differently and expecting to succeed.
Therefore, even though a methodology is key to answering a specific question, the starting point is having a problem you are trying to resolve, preferably with the social good in mind. The purpose of experimenting is to test key questions and assumptions using quick, low risk, rigorous experiments.
From the thousands of experiments conducted by Thomas Edison to create the first lightbulb, or the long-running field experiments by Gregor Mendel to examine genetic variability that today underpins modern agriculture concepts, through to trials in medicine, carefully testing ideas in practice is a cornerstone of scientific and technological discovery.
2.3 Experiments in the public sphere
Today, experiments are critical to sectors where innovation and optimization are routine, such as web development, digital transformation, electrical vehicles, etc. This has caught on in business such that the largest financial institutions, retailers and restaurants are also running randomized experiments, along with companies like Google, Facebook, and Amazon running tens of thousands of experiments a year. A/B testing is now the standard means through which Silicon Valley improves its online products. However, in government experimentation remains relatively rare and a new field.
One of the most famous nudge experiments is the ‘Save More Tomorrow’ (SMarT) program that used defaults to increase employees’ savings rates by automatically increasing the percentage of their wage devoted to saving. Average saving rates for SMarT program participants increased from 3.5% to 13.6% over the course of 40 months while savings rates remained stagnant in the other two conditions (Benartzi & Thaler (2004), Save More Tomorrow, Journal of Political Economy).
A small but growing movement of policy experimenters are bringing fresh ideas on how to solve public problems. From crafting better services, to making the back-office of government more efficient, new methods and tools need to be used to develop and test policy. In fact, government must rigorously and systematically put policy to the test – or risk stagnation.
For example, a group conducted three field experiments looking at increasing savings with text message reminders and found that goal-specific reminders were considerably more effective than generic ones (Karlan et al. (2010), Getting to the Top of Mind: How Reminders Increase Saving, NBER Working Paper).
In the context of government agencies, experiments aim to evaluate a program, policy,
or service and test an idea or innovation by investigating what difference it has
made or will make for the people it is aiming to help.
Like laboratory experiments, public sphere experiments also need a control group to test an innovation against “business-as-usual”. This doesn’t have to be a large trial like testing a drug and can be fast and flexible. In fact, the best experiments start small and as a prototype before they are extended.
For example, the World Bank advocates for “nimble randomized control trials”. They funded nimble evaluations on how best to improve the take up of health insurance in Azerbaijan, expand the use of contraceptives in Burundi, and support teachers to deliver tailored education to children affected by war and displacement in Lebanon.
2.4 Summary: deciding to experiment
- Do you need to experiment? Why or why not?
- Find a behaviour, program, policy, or service to test
- Try out of the box thinking to brainstorm, make observations
- Look for natural experiments
- Talk to experts and get feedback
- Think small and short term
- Start with a proof-of-concept question and hypothesis
- Keep it simple and try to test one thing at a time
- Measure everything that matters
- Have control and treatment groups when possible


Internet connects computer together
It forms a network in which any computer communicate with other computer
Vinton Cerf
1969 ARPANET(DARPA)
1972 - first popular application
1974 - high level application(email)
It connects the devices together to allow the sharing of data
An information that travels over the internet
It is a set of rules that need to be followed
It is a hardware of a network
It is a connection of technology
It is used to access information
It is also an information system on the internet
It is a structure of a webpage
It is used in creating webpages
HTML 2.0, 3.2, 4.0
HTML 4.01
-Strict-deprecated
-Transitional-still make use the deprecated
HTML 5 (working draft)
title, base, link, meta, style, script
Grouping elements (div, span)
Headings (h1-h6)
Paragraphs(p), line breaks(br), horizontal rules(hr).
Lists (ul, ol, li, dl, dt, dd, dir, menu)
Tables (table, th, tr, td, thread, tfoot, tbody, colgroup, col)
It is an internet system in which specialized subject databases that are created at multiple server
It is a worldwide distributed discussion system available
Sir Tim Berners-Lee (CERN) - Father of the web
HTTP, HTML, URL
web server
web client
It refers to an application layer communications protocol used to access resources (hypertext/hypermedia) on the World Wide Web
invented by Tim Berners-Lee
jointly developed by the W3C and IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force)
HTTP typically runs on top of TCP/IP, using TCP port 80 by default (TCP port 443 for HTTPS)
HTTP resource are identified using URIs (specifically,HTTP URLs)
version history:
HTTP 0.9 (1991)
HTTP 1.0 (RFC 1945, May 1996)
HTTP 1.1 (RFC 2068 Jan 1997, RFC 2616 Jun 1999),
RFC 7230-7235(Jun 2014)
HTTP 2 (RFC 7540 May 2015)
HTTP runs on top of TCP/IP, using TCP port 80 by default, or TCP port 443 for HTTPS (HTTP over SSL/TLS)
HTTP is based on a client-server architecture
clients, a.k.a. user agents(UA)
web browsers, web crawlers/spiders, other end user tools and application
the client sends an HTTP request message to the server
the server processes the request and replies with an HTTP response message
servers do not keep information about clients in-between request
cache control
content media type (MIME) specification
language and character specification(ASCII)
content/transfer codings
client-server protocol negotiations
persistent connection
request pipelining
authentication/authorization
-Set rules need to be followed.
provides encrypted pannel
secure channel
origin servers
proxy servers, gateways, tunnels
transfer a current selected presentation of the resource identified bynthe Request
the retrieved resource returned in the message body of the response as an entity
most commonly used in HTTP method
Must be support by all general-purpose servers.
same as Get,except that the entity is not included in the response
used to retrieve metadata about the entity implied by the request without transferring the entity itself
submit data to server
perform resource- specific processing of the entities enclosed
Store the enclosed entity in the message body under the specified request.
Allows to upload some to to the web.
Querying the server on what you can do to the resource.
Used to request a loopback of the request message.
Typically used for testing/diagnostics of the request response chain.
Used for HTTPS.
Also used for establishing a tunnel.
Doesn't make any changes on the resources.
i.e(get,head,options,trace)
The result/response will not change even if we call it several times.
i.e(put,delete,options,trace,get,head)
Post is not an idempotent method because you can only use it once.
local storage
response if its cacheable or not
Cache
Connection
Date
Pragma
Trailer
Transfer
Upgrade
Via
Warning
Accept
Accept-charset
Accept Encoding
Accept Language
Authorization
Expect
From
Host
If-Match
If-Modified-Since
If-Modified-Match
Max
Forward
Range
Referrer
Accept-ranges
Age
ETag
Location
Proxy-authenticate
WWW-authenticate
Retry-After
Server
Vary
Allow
Content-Encoding
Content-Language
Content-Length
Content-Location
Content-MD5
Content-Range
Content-Type
Expires
Last Modified
Popular extension for HTTP.
e.g.WebDAV(RFC 4918):
(PROPFIND,PROPPATCH,MKCOL,COPY,MOVE,LOCK,UNLOCK)
it indicates the action requested by the client was received, understood, accepted, and processed successfully.
100 Continue
101 Switching Protocols
it indicates the action requested by the client was received, understood, accepted, and processed successfully.
200 OK
201 Created
202 Accepted
203 Non-Authoritative Information
204 No Content
205 Reset Content
206 Partial Content
it indicates the client must take additional action to complete the request.
300 Multiple Choices
301 Moved Permanently
302 Found
303 See Other
304 Not Modified
305 Use Proxy
306 (Unused)
307 Temporary Redirect
this is intended for situations in which the client seems to have erred.
400 Bad Request
401 Unauthorized
402 Payment Required
403 Forbidden
404 Not Found
405 Method Not Allowed
406 Not Acceptable
407 Proxy Authentication Required
408 Request Time-out
409 Conflict
410 Gone
411 Length Required
412 Precondition Failed
413 Request Entity Too Large
414 Request URI Too Large
415 Unsupported Media Type
416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable
417 Expectation Failed
426 Upgrade Required (new)
this http status code indicates cases in which the server is aware that it has encountered an error or is otherwise incapable of performing the request.
500 Internal Server Error
501 Not Implemented
502 Bad Gateway
503 Service Unavailable
504 Gateway Time-out
505 HTTP Version Not Supported


public final class MersenneTwister
extends java.util.Random
implements java.io.Serializable, java.lang.Cloneable
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
private boolean |
__haveNextNextGaussian
Gaussian distribution indicator
|
private double |
__nextNextGaussian
Gaussian distribution indicator
|
private static int |
LOWER_MASK
Least significant r bits
|
private static int |
M |
private int[] |
mag01 |
private static int |
MATRIX_A
private static final * constant vector a |
private int[] |
mt
The array for the state vector
|
private int |
mti
mti==N+1 means mt[N] is not initialized |
private static int |
N
Period parameters
|
private static long |
serialVersionUID
Serialization identifier constant
|
private static int |
TEMPERING_MASK_B
Tempering parameters
|
private static int |
TEMPERING_MASK_C |
private static int |
UPPER_MASK
Most significant w-r bits
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
MersenneTwister()
Constructor using the default seed.
|
MersenneTwister(int[] array)
Constructor using an array of integers as seed.
|
MersenneTwister(long seed)
Constructor using a given seed.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
clearGaussian()
Clears the internal gaussian variable from the RNG.
|
java.lang.Object |
clone()
We're overriding all internal data, to my knowledge, so this should be okay
|
private int |
getOperated() |
boolean |
nextBoolean()
Simulates a fair coin toss.
|
boolean |
nextBoolean(double probability)
This generates a coin flip with a probability
probability
of returning true , else returning false . |
byte |
nextByte() |
void |
nextBytes(byte[] bytes)
Fills the provided
byte[] bytes with random byte values |
char |
nextChar() |
double |
nextDouble() |
double |
nextDouble(boolean includeZero,
boolean includeOne)
Returns a double in the range from 0.0 to 1.0, possibly inclusive of 0.0 and 1.0 themselves.
|
double |
nextDouble(double max) |
double |
nextDouble(double min,
double max) |
float |
nextFloat() |
float |
nextFloat(boolean includeZero,
boolean includeOne)
Returns a float in the range from 0.0f to 1.0f, possibly inclusive of 0.0f and 1.0f themselves.
|
float |
nextFloat(float min,
float max) |
double |
nextGaussian() |
int |
nextInt() |
int |
nextInt(int n) |
int |
nextInt(int min,
int max) |
long |
nextLong() |
long |
nextLong(long n) |
long |
nextLong(long min,
long max) |
short |
nextShort() |
void |
readState(java.io.DataInputStream stream)
Reads the entire state of the
MersenneTwister RNG from the stream |
void |
setSeed(int[] array)
Sets the seed of the
MersenneTwister using an array of integers. |
void |
setSeed(long seed)
Initialize the pseudo random number generator.
|
boolean |
stateEquals(MersenneTwister other)
Returns true if this
MersenneTwister 's current internal state is equal to another MersenneTwister . |
void |
writeState(java.io.DataOutputStream stream)
Writes the entire state of the
MersenneTwister RNG to the stream |
private static final long serialVersionUID
private static final int N
private static final int M
private static final int MATRIX_A
private static final
* constant vector a
private static final int UPPER_MASK
private static final int LOWER_MASK
private static final int TEMPERING_MASK_B
private static final int TEMPERING_MASK_C
private int[] mt
private int mti
mti==N+1
means mt[N]
is not initializedprivate int[] mag01
private double __nextNextGaussian
private boolean __haveNextNextGaussian
public MersenneTwister()
public MersenneTwister(long seed)
seed
- the seed of this PRNGsetSeed(long)
public MersenneTwister(int[] array)
array
- the seed of this PRNGsetSeed(int[])
public java.lang.Object clone()
clone
in class java.lang.Object
MersenneTwister
as an Object
public boolean stateEquals(MersenneTwister other)
MersenneTwister
's current internal state is equal to another MersenneTwister
.
That another is other
.
Object.equals(Object)
, except that it compares based on value but does not
guarantee the contract of immutability (obviously random number generators are immutable).
nextGaussian()
methods will return the same values)
by calling clearGaussian()
on both objects.other
- the MersenneTwister
to compare with thisother
is the same as this, false otherwisepublic void readState(java.io.DataInputStream stream) throws java.io.IOException
MersenneTwister
RNG from the streamstream
- the DataInputStream
to load the MersenneTwister
from.java.io.IOException
- on any I/O errorpublic void writeState(java.io.DataOutputStream stream) throws java.io.IOException
MersenneTwister
RNG to the streamstream
- the DataOutputStream
to write this MersenneTwister
to.java.io.IOException
- on any I/O errorpublic void setSeed(long seed)
setSeed
in class java.util.Random
seed
- the seed for this PRNGpublic void setSeed(int[] array)
MersenneTwister
using an array of integers.
Your array must have a non-zero length. Only the first 624 integers
in the array are used; if the array is shorter than this then
integers are repeatedly used in a wrap-around fashion.array
- the seed for this PRNGpublic int nextInt()
nextInt
in class java.util.Random
Integer.MAX_VALUE
public short nextShort()
short
value drawn uniformly from 0 to Short.MAX_VALUE
public char nextChar()
char
value drawn uniformly from '\0'
to Character.MAX_VALUE
public boolean nextBoolean()
nextBoolean
in class java.util.Random
boolean
with equal probability of either true
or false
public boolean nextBoolean(double probability)
probability
of returning true
, else returning false
.probability
- the probability of returning true
true
or false
as regards the probability
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- if probability
is not between 0.0 and 1.0, inclusivepublic byte nextByte()
byte
value drawn uniformly from 0 to Byte.MAX_VALUE
public void nextBytes(byte[] bytes)
byte[]
bytes
with random byte valuesnextBytes
in class java.util.Random
bytes
- the byte[]
to fill with random bytesnextByte()
public long nextLong()
nextLong
in class java.util.Random
long
drawn uniformly from 0 to Long.MAX_VALUE
-1public long nextLong(long min, long max)
min
- the lower limitmax
- the upper limitlong
drawn uniformly from min
to max-1
.public long nextLong(long n)
n
- the upper limitlong
drawn uniformly from 0 to n-1.java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- if n
< 0public double nextDouble(double max)
max
- the upper limitdouble
in the range 0
and max
public double nextDouble(double min, double max)
min
- the lower limitmax
- the upper limitdouble
in the range min
and max
public double nextDouble()
nextDouble
in class java.util.Random
double
in the half-open range from [0.0,1.0).
Thus, 0.0 is a valid result, but 1.0 is not.public double nextDouble(boolean includeZero, boolean includeOne)
| Expression | Interval |
|---|---|
| nextDouble(false, false) | (0.0, 1.0) |
| nextDouble(true, false) | [0.0, 1.0) |
| nextDouble(false, true) | (0.0, 1.0] |
| nextDouble(true, true) | [0.0, 1.0] |
includeOne
- whether to include 1.0dincludeZero
- whether to include 0.0ddouble
in the range [0.0, 1.0], (0.0, 1.0), [0.0, 1.0) or (0.0,1.0] as above.public void clearGaussian()
stateEquals(MersenneTwister)
public double nextGaussian()
nextGaussian
in class java.util.Random
double value
in a Gaussian distributionpublic float nextFloat(float min, float max)
min
- the lower limitmax
- the upper limitfloat
in the range min
and max
public float nextFloat()
nextFloat
in class java.util.Random
float
in the half-open range from [0.0f,1.0f).
Thus 0.0f is a valid result but 1.0f is not.public float nextFloat(boolean includeZero, boolean includeOne)
| Expression | Interval |
|---|---|
| nextFloat(false, false) | (0.0f, 1.0f) |
| nextFloat(true, false) | [0.0f, 1.0f) |
| nextFloat(false, true) | (0.0f, 1.0f] |
| nextFloat(true, true) | [0.0f, 1.0f] |
includeOne
- whether to include 1.0fincludeZero
- whether to include 0.0ffloat
in the range [0.0, 1.0], (0.0, 1.0), [0.0, 1.0) or (0.0,1.0] as above.public int nextInt(int min, int max)
min
- the lower limitmax
- the upper limitmin
to max-1
.public int nextInt(int n)
nextInt
in class java.util.Random
n
- the upper limitjava.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- if n
< 0private int getOperated()


argyle
 project management
Messages
Project board
Statistics
IceBox
Projectboard
1
As a project manager i would like to be able to organize my requirements on a virtual SCRUM board.
Projectboard
2
As a project manager i would like to be able to organize my requirements on a virtual SCRUM board.
+
Backlog
Projectboard
3
As a project manager i would like to be able to organize my requirements on a virtual SCRUM board.
+
+
All
Kristoffer
Bjørn
Nevethan
Jesper
Jens


IV.2 Land Packaging Environmental
Environmental – Land Packaging (IV.2.)
Determine what environmental conditions may impact zoning on master plan approvals. (Include physical
environment, historic, and cultural conditions.)
- Research any title constraints, current zoning restrictions, and review the preliminary environmental
assessments to determine future prohibitions on revised zoning plans.
Determine if the current zoning define or describe the environmental conditions of the site.
- Review the current zoning for any environmental characterizations dictated by the municipality. Also,
be sure to examine the definitions of those characterizations and if those definitions may be amended or if
you can lobby that your site does not fit that definition. For example, flood plains may change if the water
table changes over time.
Determine what environmental/sustainability certifications are achievable for this project.
- Consider this early on to work with the environmental features of the site and to create synergies.
- Thinking ahead for sustainability certifications can affect decisions in the land packaging stage.
- Perhaps a grey water system may be implemented and integrated into the water and sewage system.
- If storm water detention is a concern, plan how that will be addressed and where water tanks and ponds
will go.


Skip Module Navigation Links
MENU | SITE MAP | HELP | EXIT
http://www.mcgill.ca/importantdates offers a more comprehensive listing of dates (including holidays).


Create dynamic visual effects on your iOS device with Splode Lab. Draw with fire, tap to explode. Create mind blowing displays.Tons of control. Tons of options. Tons of fun.Put your headphones on and make some Splode!


SOmusic is your daily dose of what's popular on social networks.
Built with IBM Bluemix, Cloudant, Insights for Twitter and the Spotify Web API.


41 hexagonal blocks are Predicates, which is the technical term for reporters that report Boolean (true or false) values. Suppose you want to make a block named “square” that draws a square. You would choose Motion, Command, and type “square” into the name ﬁeld. When you click OK, you enter the Block Editor. This works just like making a script in the sprite’s scripting area, except that the “hat” block at the top, instead of saying something like “when I am clicked,” has a picture of the block you’re building. This hat block is called the prototype of your custom block. 1 You drag blocks under the hat to program your custom block, then click OK: Your block appears at the bottom of the Motion palette. Here’s the block and the result of using it: 1 This use of the word “prototype” is unrelated to the prototyping object oriented programming discussed later.


Welcome to datascience’s documentation!¶
| Release: | 0.3.12 |
|---|---|
| Date: | October 04, 2015 |
The datascience
package was written for use in Berkeley’s DS 8 course and
contains useful functionality for investigating and graphically displaying data.
| Release: | 0.3.12 |
|---|---|
| Date: | October 04, 2015 |
The datascience
package was written for use in Berkeley’s DS 8 course and
contains useful functionality for investigating and graphically displaying data.


ybacklight
Manage screen backlight brightness. See also `xbacklight`.
More information: home page
- Print current brightness and maximal brightness, shortened and separated by a slash:
ybacklight Sc/Sm
- Set the brightness to 420:
ybacklight s420
- Increase the brightness by 42 big steps (4200 by default):
ybacklight Si42
- Decrease the brightness by 300:
ybacklight d300


This site is my personal design playground. I created it to encourage myself to keep having fun with design – to experiment and explore the craft outside of my comfort zone.
I consider myself a maverick by nature and therefore I always going against the grain. I'm working as a developer since 1999. In 2011 I founded Tapquo, a small company specializing in the creation of products for internet, which has given me the opportunity to create solutions for thousands of people around the world.
I improve my knowledge for new ways to create software.
In 2013 I wrote my first book with more than 3000 readers. Now I'm writing 2 in <multithreaded mode>
I am currently researching new ways of working through the software. My adventure is giving me the opportunity to travel around the world looking for new poles of creation, innovation and improvement.


Coding Quiz Challenge
Take my quiz to test your coding knowledge! Each correct answer will gain you a point, but any wrong answers will subtract time from the clock. When the timer hits 0 the game is over. Click below to test your knowledge!
Time: 90
Take my quiz to test your coding knowledge! Each correct answer will gain you a point, but any wrong answers will subtract time from the clock. When the timer hits 0 the game is over. Click below to test your knowledge!


Append row
Delete by class
Callback
Push new Url
First Name
Last Name
Username
1
Mark
Otto
@mdo
Edit
Delete
2
Mark
Boot
@TwBootstrap
Edit
Delete
3
Jacob
Thornton
@fat
Edit
Delete
Example of form adding rows
First name
Last name
User name
Submit


Before Change
else:
if vals and type(vals) is list and config[pm] not in vals:
raise ValueError("{} has to be one of {}".format(pm, vals))
if vals and type(vals) is not list and type(config[pm]) is not vals:
raise ValueError("{} has to be of type {}".format(pm, vals))
for pm, vals in optional_dict.items():
After Change
vals = string_types
if vals and isinstance(vals, list) and config[pm] not in vals:
raise ValueError("{} has to be one of {}".format(pm, vals))
if vals and not isinstance(vals, list) and not isinstance(config[pm], vals):
raise ValueError("{} has to be of type {}".format(pm, vals))
for pm, vals in optional_dict.items():


| Constructor and Description |
|---|
LibGdxGraphics(GameWrapper gameWrapper,
com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch spriteBatch,
com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.PolygonSpriteBatch polygonSpriteBatch,
com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.ShapeRenderer shapeRenderer) |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
clearBlendFunction()
Resets the blend function to its default
|
void |
clearScaling()
Resets scaling back to default values
|
void |
clearShaderProgram()
Clears the
ShaderProgram applied to this instance |
com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.Stage |
createStage(com.badlogic.gdx.utils.viewport.Viewport viewport)
Creates a LibGDX
Stage using this context |
void |
disableBlending()
Disables blending during rendering
|
void |
drawBitmapFontCache(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.BitmapFontCache bitmapFontCache)
Draws a
BitmapFontCache to the screen |
void |
drawCircle(float centerX,
float centerY,
float radius)
Draws a circle to the window in the current
Color with the set
line height |
void |
drawCircle(float centerX,
float centerY,
int radius)
Draws a circle to the window in the current
Color with the set
line height |
void |
drawLineSegment(float x1,
float y1,
float x2,
float y2)
Renders a line segment to the window in the current
Color with
the set line height |
void |
drawNinePatch(com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.utils.NinePatchDrawable ninePatchDrawable,
float x,
float y,
float width,
float height)
Draws a
NinePatchDrawable to screen |
void |
drawNinePatch(NinePatch ninePatch,
float x,
float y,
float width,
float height)
Draws a
NinePatch to screen |
void |
drawParticleEffect(ParticleEffect effect)
Draws a
ParticleEffect or PooledParticleEffect to screen |
void |
drawPolygon(float[] vertices)
Draws a polygon to the window in the current
Color |
void |
drawRect(float x,
float y,
float width,
float height)
Renders a rectangle to the window in the current
Color with the
set line height |
void |
drawShape(Shape shape)
Draws an instance of
Shape |
void |
drawSprite(Sprite sprite)
Draws a
Sprite with all transformations applied to this graphics
context |
void |
drawSprite(Sprite sprite,
float x,
float y)
Draws a
Sprite at the given coordinates with all transformations
applied to this graphics context |
void |
drawSpriteCache(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteCache spriteCache,
int cacheId)
Draws a
SpriteCache |
void |
drawStage(com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.Stage stage)
Draws an instance of a LibGDX
Stage |
void |
drawString(java.lang.String text,
float x,
float y)
Draws a string to the window
|
void |
drawString(java.lang.String text,
float x,
float y,
float targetWidth)
Draws a string to the window, automatically wrapping it within a
specified width
|
void |
drawString(java.lang.String text,
float x,
float y,
float targetWidth,
int horizontalAlign)
Draws a string to the window, automatically wrapping it within a
specified width and aligning it to the left, center or right of the width
|
void |
drawTexture(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture texture,
float x,
float y)
Draws a texture to this graphics context
|
void |
drawTexture(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture texture,
float x,
float y,
boolean flipY)
Draws a texture to this graphics context
|
void |
drawTexture(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture texture,
float x,
float y,
float width,
float height)
Draws a texture to this graphics context
|
void |
drawTexture(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture texture,
float x,
float y,
float width,
float height,
boolean flipY) |
void |
drawTextureRegion(TextureRegion textureRegion,
float x,
float y)
Draws a texture region to this graphics context
|
void |
drawTextureRegion(TextureRegion textureRegion,
float x,
float y,
float width,
float height)
Draws a texture region to this graphics context
|
void |
drawTextureRegion(TextureRegion textureRegion,
float x,
float y,
float width,
float height,
float rotation)
Draws a texture region to this graphics context
|
void |
drawTiledDrawable(com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.utils.TiledDrawable tiledDrawable,
float x,
float y,
float width,
float height)
Draws a
TiledDrawable to screen |
void |
drawTriangle(float x1,
float y1,
float x2,
float y2,
float x3,
float y3)
Draws a triangle to the window in the current
Color |
void |
enableBlending()
Enables blending during rendering
|
void |
fillCircle(float centerX,
float centerY,
float radius)
Fills a circle to the window in the current
Color |
void |
fillCircle(float centerX,
float centerY,
int radius)
Fills a circle to the window in the current
Color |
void |
fillPolygon(float[] vertices,
short[] triangles)
Fills a polygon to the window in the current
Color |
void |
fillRect(float x,
float y,
float width,
float height)
Fills a rectangle to the window in the current
Color |
void |
fillShape(Shape shape)
Fills an instance of
Shape |
void |
fillTriangle(float x1,
float y1,
float x2,
float y2,
float x3,
float y3)
Draws a triangle to the window in the current
Color |
void |
flush()
Immediately flushes everything rendered rather than waiting until the end
of rendering
|
com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Color |
getBackgroundColor()
Returns the background
Color |
com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Color |
getColor()
Returns the
Color to draw shapes with |
com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.BitmapFont |
getFont()
Returns the
BitmapFont to draw String s with |
int |
getLineHeight()
Returns the line height used
|
com.badlogic.gdx.math.Matrix4 |
getProjectionMatrix() |
float |
getRotation() |
float |
getRotationX() |
float |
getRotationY() |
float |
getScaleX() |
float |
getScaleY() |
com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.ShaderProgram |
getShaderProgram()
Returns the currently applied
ShaderProgram |
com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Color |
getTint()
Returns the
Color tint being applied to all draw operations |
float |
getTranslationX() |
float |
getTranslationY() |
float |
getViewportHeight()
Returns the height of the viewport height
|
float |
getViewportWidth()
Returns the width of the viewport width
|
int |
getWindowHeight()
Returns the height of the window height
|
int |
getWindowWidth()
Returns the width of the window width
|
boolean |
isWindowReady()
Returns if the game window is initialised natively
|
Rectangle |
peekClip()
Returns the current clip
|
void |
peekClip(Rectangle rectangle)
Returns the current clip
|
void |
postRender()
Called by mini2Dx after rendering
|
void |
preRender(int gameWidth,
int gameHeight)
Called by mini2Dx before rendering begins
|
Rectangle |
removeClip()
Removes the applied clip
|
void |
removeTint()
Removes the tinting
Color |
void |
rotate(float degrees,
float x,
float y)
Rotates the canvas by the provided degrees around the provided point
|
void |
scale(float scaleX,
float scaleY)
Scales the canvas (multiplies scale value)
|
void |
setBackgroundColor(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Color backgroundColor)
Sets the background
Color to be used |
void |
setBlendFunction(int srcFunc,
int dstFunc)
Sets the blend function to be applied
OpenGL Blend Function Cheatsheet
|
void |
setClip(float x,
float y,
float width,
float height)
Sets the graphics context clip.
|
void |
setClip(Rectangle clip)
Sets the graphics context clip.
|
void |
setColor(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Color color)
Sets the
Color to draw shapes with |
void |
setFont(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.BitmapFont font)
Sets the
BitmapFont to draw String s with |
void |
setLineHeight(int lineHeight)
Sets the line height to be used
|
void |
setRotation(float degrees,
float x,
float y)
Sets the canvas rotation around a provided point
|
void |
setScale(float scaleX,
float scaleY)
Sets the canvas scale
|
void |
setShaderProgram(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.ShaderProgram shaderProgram)
Applies a
ShaderProgram to this instance |
void |
setTint(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Color tint)
Sets the
Color to apply to draw operations |
void |
setTranslation(float translateX,
float translateY)
Sets the translation coordinates
|
java.lang.String |
toString() |
void |
translate(float translateX,
float translateY)
Moves the graphics context by a certain amount of the X and Y axis
|
public LibGdxGraphics(GameWrapper gameWrapper, com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch spriteBatch, com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.PolygonSpriteBatch polygonSpriteBatch, com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.ShapeRenderer shapeRenderer)
public void preRender(int gameWidth, int gameHeight)
Graphics
public void postRender()
Graphics
postRender
in interface Graphics
public com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.Stage createStage(com.badlogic.gdx.utils.viewport.Viewport viewport)
Graphics
Stage
using this contextcreateStage
in interface Graphics
viewport
- The Viewport
to be appliedStage
public void drawLineSegment(float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2)
Graphics
Color
with
the set line heightdrawLineSegment
in interface Graphics
x1
- X coordinate of point Ay1
- Y coordinate of point Ax2
- X coordinate of point By2
- Y coordinate of point Bpublic void drawRect(float x, float y, float width, float height)
Graphics
Color
with the
set line heightpublic void fillRect(float x, float y, float width, float height)
Graphics
Color
public void drawCircle(float centerX, float centerY, int radius)
Graphics
Color
with the set
line heightdrawCircle
in interface Graphics
centerX
- The x coordinate of the center of the circlecenterY
- The y coordinate of the center of the circleradius
- The radius of the circlepublic void drawCircle(float centerX, float centerY, float radius)
Graphics
Color
with the set
line heightdrawCircle
in interface Graphics
centerX
- The x coordinate of the center of the circlecenterY
- The y coordinate of the center of the circleradius
- The radius of the circlepublic void fillCircle(float centerX, float centerY, int radius)
Graphics
Color
fillCircle
in interface Graphics
centerX
- The x coordinate of the center of the circlecenterY
- The y coordinate of the center of the circleradius
- The radius of the circlepublic void fillCircle(float centerX, float centerY, float radius)
Graphics
Color
fillCircle
in interface Graphics
centerX
- The x coordinate of the center of the circlecenterY
- The y coordinate of the center of the circleradius
- The radius of the circlepublic void drawTriangle(float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2, float x3, float y3)
Graphics
Color
drawTriangle
in interface Graphics
x1
- The x coordinate of the first pointy1
- The y coordinate of the first pointx2
- The x coordinate of the second pointy2
- The y coordinate of the second pointx3
- The x coordinate of the third pointy3
- The y coordinate of the third pointpublic void fillTriangle(float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2, float x3, float y3)
Graphics
Color
fillTriangle
in interface Graphics
x1
- The x coordinate of the first pointy1
- The y coordinate of the first pointx2
- The x coordinate of the second pointy2
- The y coordinate of the second pointx3
- The x coordinate of the third pointy3
- The y coordinate of the third pointpublic void drawPolygon(float[] vertices)
Graphics
Color
drawPolygon
in interface Graphics
vertices
- The vertices of the polygon in format x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,etc.public void fillPolygon(float[] vertices, short[] triangles)
Graphics
Color
fillPolygon
in interface Graphics
vertices
- The vertices of the polygon in format x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,etc.triangles
- The indices in the vertices parameter that make up the
triangles of the polygonpublic void drawString(java.lang.String text, float x, float y)
Graphics
drawString
in interface Graphics
text
- The String
to drawx
- The x coordinate to draw aty
- The y coordinate to draw atpublic void drawString(java.lang.String text, float x, float y, float targetWidth)
Graphics
drawString
in interface Graphics
text
- The String
to drawx
- The x coordinate to draw aty
- The y coordinate to draw attargetWidth
- The width to render the String
at. Note: The string
will automatically wrapped if it is longer.public void drawString(java.lang.String text, float x, float y, float targetWidth, int horizontalAlign)
Graphics
drawString
in interface Graphics
text
- The String
to drawx
- The x coordinate to draw aty
- The y coordinate to draw attargetWidth
- The width to render the String
at. Note: The string
will automatically wrapped if it is longer.horizontalAlign
- The horizontal alignment. Note: Use Align
to retrieve
the appropriate value.public void drawTexture(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture texture, float x, float y)
Graphics
drawTexture
in interface Graphics
texture
- The Texture
to drawx
- The x coordinate to draw aty
- The y coordinate to draw atpublic void drawTexture(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture texture, float x, float y, boolean flipY)
Graphics
drawTexture
in interface Graphics
texture
- The Texture
to drawx
- The x coordinate to draw aty
- The y coordinate to draw atflipY
- True if the texture should be flipped verticallypublic void drawTexture(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture texture, float x, float y, float width, float height)
Graphics
drawTexture
in interface Graphics
texture
- The Texture
to drawx
- The x coordinate to draw aty
- The y coordinate to draw atwidth
- The width to draw the texture (this can stretch/shrink the
texture if not matching the texture's width)height
- The height to draw the texture (this can stretch/shrink the
texture if not matching the texture's height)public void drawTexture(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Texture texture, float x, float y, float width, float height, boolean flipY)
drawTexture
in interface Graphics
texture
- The Texture
to drawx
- The x coordinate to draw aty
- The y coordinate to draw atwidth
- The width to draw the texture (this can stretch/shrink the
texture if not matching the texture's width)height
- The height to draw the texture (this can stretch/shrink the
texture if not matching the texture's height)flipY
- True if the texture should be flipped verticallypublic void drawTextureRegion(TextureRegion textureRegion, float x, float y)
Graphics
drawTextureRegion
in interface Graphics
textureRegion
- The TextureRegion
to drawx
- The x coordinate to draw aty
- The y coordinate to draw atpublic void drawTextureRegion(TextureRegion textureRegion, float x, float y, float width, float height)
Graphics
drawTextureRegion
in interface Graphics
textureRegion
- The TextureRegion
to drawx
- The x coordinate to draw aty
- The y coordinate to draw atwidth
- The width to draw the region (this can stretch/shrink the
texture if not matching the region's width)height
- The height to draw the region (this can stretch/shrink the
texture if not matching the region's height)public void drawTextureRegion(TextureRegion textureRegion, float x, float y, float width, float height, float rotation)
Graphics
drawTextureRegion
in interface Graphics
textureRegion
- The TextureRegion
to drawx
- The x coordinate to draw aty
- The y coordinate to draw atwidth
- The width to draw the region (this can stretch/shrink the
texture if not matching the region's width)height
- The height to draw the region (this can stretch/shrink the
texture if not matching the region's height)rotation
- The rotation in degrees (rotated around the top-left corner of the region)public void drawShape(Shape shape)
Graphics
Shape
public void fillShape(Shape shape)
Graphics
Shape
public void drawSprite(Sprite sprite)
Graphics
Sprite
with all transformations applied to this graphics
contextdrawSprite
in interface Graphics
sprite
- The Sprite
to drawpublic void drawSprite(Sprite sprite, float x, float y)
Graphics
Sprite
at the given coordinates with all transformations
applied to this graphics contextdrawSprite
in interface Graphics
sprite
- The Sprite
to drawx
- The x coordinate to render aty
- The y coordinate to render atpublic void drawSpriteCache(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteCache spriteCache, int cacheId)
Graphics
SpriteCache
drawSpriteCache
in interface Graphics
spriteCache
- The SpriteCache
to drawcacheId
- The cacheId to drawpublic void drawStage(com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.Stage stage)
Graphics
Stage
public void drawParticleEffect(ParticleEffect effect)
Graphics
ParticleEffect
or PooledParticleEffect
to screendrawParticleEffect
in interface Graphics
effect
- The effect to be drawnpublic void drawNinePatch(NinePatch ninePatch, float x, float y, float width, float height)
Graphics
NinePatch
to screendrawNinePatch
in interface Graphics
ninePatch
- The NinePatch
to be drawnx
- The x coordinate to draw aty
- The y coordiante to draw atwidth
- The width to apply to the NinePatch
height
- The height to apply to the NinePatch
public void drawNinePatch(com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.utils.NinePatchDrawable ninePatchDrawable, float x, float y, float width, float height)
Graphics
NinePatchDrawable
to screendrawNinePatch
in interface Graphics
ninePatchDrawable
- The NinePatchDrawable
to be drawnx
- The x coordinate to draw aty
- The y coordinate to draw atwidth
- The width to apply to the NinePatchDrawable
height
- The height to apply to the NinePatchDrawable
public void drawTiledDrawable(com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.utils.TiledDrawable tiledDrawable, float x, float y, float width, float height)
Graphics
TiledDrawable
to screendrawTiledDrawable
in interface Graphics
tiledDrawable
- The TiledDrawable
to be drawnx
- The x coordinate to draw aty
- The y coordinate to draw atwidth
- The width to renderheight
- The height to renderpublic void drawBitmapFontCache(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.BitmapFontCache bitmapFontCache)
Graphics
BitmapFontCache
to the screendrawBitmapFontCache
in interface Graphics
bitmapFontCache
- The BitmapFontCache
to renderpublic void rotate(float degrees, float x, float y)
Graphics
public void setRotation(float degrees, float x, float y)
Graphics
setRotation
in interface Graphics
degrees
- The degree value in a clockwise directionx
- The x coordinate to rotate aroundy
- The y coordinate to rotate aroundpublic void scale(float scaleX, float scaleY)
Graphics
public void setScale(float scaleX, float scaleY)
Graphics
public void clearScaling()
Graphics
clearScaling
in interface Graphics
public void translate(float translateX, float translateY)
Graphics
public void setTranslation(float translateX, float translateY)
Graphics
setTranslation
in interface Graphics
translateX
- The x axis translationtranslateY
- The y axis translationpublic void setClip(float x, float y, float width, float height)
Graphics
public void setClip(Rectangle clip)
Graphics
public Rectangle removeClip()
Graphics
removeClip
in interface Graphics
public Rectangle peekClip()
Graphics
peekClip
in interface Graphics
Rectangle
set to the clip coordinates. See Graphics.peekClip(Rectangle)
public void peekClip(Rectangle rectangle)
Graphics
public void setTint(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Color tint)
Graphics
Color
to apply to draw operationspublic void setFont(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.BitmapFont font)
Graphics
BitmapFont
to draw String
s withpublic void removeTint()
Graphics
Color
removeTint
in interface Graphics
public void enableBlending()
Graphics
enableBlending
in interface Graphics
public void disableBlending()
Graphics
disableBlending
in interface Graphics
public void setShaderProgram(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.ShaderProgram shaderProgram)
Graphics
ShaderProgram
to this instancesetShaderProgram
in interface Graphics
shaderProgram
- The ShaderProgram
to applypublic com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.ShaderProgram getShaderProgram()
Graphics
ShaderProgram
getShaderProgram
in interface Graphics
public void clearShaderProgram()
Graphics
ShaderProgram
applied to this instanceclearShaderProgram
in interface Graphics
public void setBlendFunction(int srcFunc, int dstFunc)
Graphics
setBlendFunction
in interface Graphics
srcFunc
- Source GL functiondstFunc
- Destination GL functionpublic void clearBlendFunction()
Graphics
clearBlendFunction
in interface Graphics
public void flush()
Graphics
public int getLineHeight()
Graphics
getLineHeight
in interface Graphics
public void setLineHeight(int lineHeight)
Graphics
setLineHeight
in interface Graphics
lineHeight
- A value greater than 0public com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Color getColor()
Graphics
Color
to draw shapes withpublic void setColor(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Color color)
Graphics
Color
to draw shapes withpublic com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Color getBackgroundColor()
Graphics
Color
getBackgroundColor
in interface Graphics
public void setBackgroundColor(com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Color backgroundColor)
Graphics
Color
to be usedsetBackgroundColor
in interface Graphics
public com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.BitmapFont getFont()
Graphics
BitmapFont
to draw String
s withpublic com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Color getTint()
Graphics
Color
tint being applied to all draw operationspublic float getTranslationX()
getTranslationX
in interface Graphics
public float getTranslationY()
getTranslationY
in interface Graphics
public float getRotation()
getRotation
in interface Graphics
public float getRotationX()
getRotationX
in interface Graphics
public float getRotationY()
getRotationY
in interface Graphics
public com.badlogic.gdx.math.Matrix4 getProjectionMatrix()
getProjectionMatrix
in interface Graphics
public boolean isWindowReady()
Graphics
isWindowReady
in interface Graphics
public int getWindowWidth()
Graphics
getWindowWidth
in interface Graphics
public int getWindowHeight()
Graphics
getWindowHeight
in interface Graphics
public float getViewportWidth()
Graphics
getViewportWidth
in interface Graphics
public float getViewportHeight()
Graphics
getViewportHeight
in interface Graphics
public java.lang.String toString()
toString
in class java.lang.Object


Case-Study: Kinds of Objects in Gothic¶
This chapter is a collection of some of the kinds of Objects used in the original engine, what they are and how they are implemented in REGoth.
Vob¶
The name “Vob” is short for “Virtual Object”, which is what Objects placed into the 3D world are called in the original engine.
Since Gothic uses an Object-Oriented engine, this is usually the class other Objects are based on.
The most useful properties of a vob include:
- Name
- Transform (Position, Rotation, no scale)
- Visual (3D-Model, ParticleSystem, …)
- (probably more)
As said before, a Vob is one of the most basic building blocks of a 3D-World in Gothic. For most gameplay relevant object, a subclass of Vob will be placed into the world. The raw Vob-class is however used for decorative objects like 3D-Models or particle systems.
NPC (Non-Player-Character)¶
Even though the name explicitly states, that this is NOT something controlled by the player, in the original Gothic this Class is used for real NPCs, monsters, as well as the player. A better name could have been “Character Controller”.
The NPC class is rather complex. Some of its tasks are:
- Walking physics and collision detection
- Decisions on which Animation to play
- Inventory management
- Fighting
- Footstep sounds and effects
- Handle dying, being knocked out
- Handle attributes such as Health, Strength, skills
- Some AI related tasks
- Daily routine
- (probably more)
MOB (Interactive Objects)¶
The MOB class is the base for all objects a character could interact with, like doors, beds and chests.
Mobs are constructed using a SkeletalMesh and some Animations, with some bones having a special purpose: For each spot the character could interact from, there has to be a bone. Upon interaction, the character will be teleported to the nearest empty interation-spot. Once there, the character and the Mob will start to play an animation.
Which animation that would be, is defined by the state the Mob is in. A chest, for example, has the states:
- Idle
- Closed
- Open
Depending on which state should be activated after an action by the character, a
transition animation is played. For the chest, a transition animation
0-to-1
would be the character going down to knee in front of the chest.
Once the character wants to open the chest, a transition animation 1-to-2
will be played in which the character opens the chest.
Once a state has been reached, an animation (typically only 1 frame) is looped over and over again, ie. how the character knees in front of the chest.


SPECIAL THANKS
...for their continued funding and grants that make this project possible
...for generously providing free infrastructure and resources to the community
...and the many, many wonderful Gitcoin backers for their continued support and encouragement.


I am a Front-End Developer leveraging an emergency services background to find creative solutions to modern day problems. I am completing a certificate in Full Stack Development from University of Minnesota, with newly developed skills in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, React.js and responsive website design. I am known as a team player passionate about developing applications, with a focus on mobile-first design and development. With each project, my aim is to best engage my audience for an impactful user experience. I’m excited to leverage my skills as part of a fast-paced, quality-driven team to build better experiences on the web.


9/21 - Python Intro, Strings and Iterables
This week, we'll be expanding on our Python tutorial by delving into strings as well as basic data structures.
Python is an excellent language to quickly and efficiently parse through strings, which is a huge part in many programming
team competitions.
Python
Sorting and Searching
-
Read the intro here. Why might sorting be
important?
-
Check out this video comparing different
sorting algorithms, and their behavior in different situations. Don't worry about how they're
implemented, but do pay attention to the ones that are faster and slower.
-
If you have a sorted array, Binary search can help you quickly find the index of an element in that
array. This is extremely important for very large arrays where the difference between
O(n)
and O(log(n))
can be the difference between a second and an hour! Read
the Wikipedia page intro and the
"Procedure" subsection. This video will help
too
-
This website provides a cool way to interactively learn
about the different sorting algorithms and see a live example of the code on the side.
Try it out!
Here's a good intro problem.
This requires you to use built in string functions to get meta information on the provided strings.
Delving Deeper
Check out this problem. This
problem can be made trivial with the in
operator in Python.
- Research the
in
operator some more. How does it actually work under the hood?
-
Write a "naive" solution to this problem (using loops and not built-in operators/libraries)
and try running it on a larger case (a necklace with 100,000 beads). How fast is it?
-
Check out other methods for finding one string in another
,
in particular, Knuth-Morris-Pratt is fairly efficient.
Do
some
research
around this algorithm and code up your implementation to try out on the problem.


The ACSU holds monthly General Body Meetings throughout the academic year.
Our G-Bodies have a time-honored tradition of serving Free Pizza.
The meetings are free and open to anyone and everyone who wants to attend,
making them an excellent source of sustenance,
both in the short term ("What do I eat tonight?"),
and in the long term. ("What will get me food when I graduate?")
May 2017 G-Body: Senior Perspectives Talk
Pictured: George Ding '17
May 2017 G-Body: Senior Perspectives Talk
Pictured (left to right): Andrew Aquino '17, Kelly Yu '17, Kenneth Lee '17, George Ding '17, Ji Hun Kim '17, Kevin Chavez '17, Seung Hee Han '17, Agnes Csaki '17


Software Tools for Radio Astronomy
The radio-astro-tools organization hosts a number of community-developed
codes pertinent to the analysis of long-wavelength astronomical data in the
radio, millimeter, and far-infrared regime.
Python Packages
Spectral Cube
Spectral Cube: A toolkit for reading, writing, masking, and otherwise manipulating the spectral cubes that are typical products of radio interferometers and single-dish OTF maps. It includes a clean interface to yt, an analysis suite built for simulations with powerful visualization tools.PV Extractor
PV Extractor: A toolkit for the extraction of position-velocity diagrams from data cubes. Includes a matplotlib-based interactive GUI and an interface to the ds9 FITS viewer.Radio Telescope Beam
Radio Beam: A small tool for manipulating radio beams, e.g. synthetic beams from interferometers and primary beams from single-dishes, in the context of the astropy units framework.casaformats-io
casa-formats-io: A package to handle reading of CASA tables of all varieties. This package allows reading CASA.imagefiles without using the casacore framework.
Learning:
There is a suite of tutorials
available to demonstrate how to use radio-astro-tools with CASA and for
various types of data set. If you have any examples you can add, please
send them on! Pull requests are welcome.
Signal Identification
Signal Identification: A toolkit for signal identification and extraction from data cubes.CASA Python and CASA pip
CASA Python: A wrapper script to allow you to use CASA's python interpreter with other packages and independent from the CASA data reduction environment. [Deprecated - instead, several groups have worked together to make sure astropy and related tools can be installed directly into CASA]Contributed Scripts
Contributed Scripts:
A depository for community-contributed scripts that are not necessarily vetted
or well-tested but may be useful to others
If you'd like to contribute, there's a
sandbox that
you can put test code in and use for learning git and github.
About:
Developed by Adam Ginsburg, Tom Robitaille, Eric Koch, Chris Beaumont,
Adam Leroy, Erik Rosolowsky, Crystal Brogan, Todd Hunter, Sam Skillman,
and John ZuHone
This project has been partially funded from the ALMA development
program, with an initial grant to PI Adam Leroy and a second to Adam
Ginsburg. ALMA, the NRAO, and the ALMA development program are funded
by the NSF.


@*
* Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*@
@import uk.gov.hmrc.cataloguefrontend.ViewMessages
@import uk.gov.hmrc.cataloguefrontend.leakdetection.{LeakDetectionLeaksByRule, UnusedExemption}
@this(viewMessages: ViewMessages)
@(repoName : String,
branch : String,
exemptions : Seq[LeakDetectionLeaksByRule],
unusedExemptions: Seq[UnusedExemption]
)(implicit
request : RequestHeader
)
@standard_layout(s"Leak detection exemptions") {
Leak Detection Exemptions
| @e.ruleId | @e.filePath | @e.text |


Amé 236 Housing / Lavalle + Peniche Arquitectos
- Curated by Clara Ott
- about 13 hours
- version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"? Architects: Lavalle + Peniche Arquitectos
- AreaArea of this architecture projectArea: 2136.0 m2
- version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?YearCompletion year of this architecture project Year: 2018
- version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?PhotographsPhotographs: Onnis Luque
- version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?ManufacturersBrands with products used in this architecture project Manufacturers: AutoDesk, Autodesk Media and Entertainment, Chaos Group, Comex, Helvex, Interceramic, Procon
- Lead Architect Luis Alejando Peniche Arroyo, José Carlos Lavalle Alonzo
- Design Team Jimena Canto Sobrino, Karla Rey Sosa, Jorge Zaldívar Ramírez, Asís Silveira Tus.
- Collaborators Grupo Consur
More Specs Less Specs
Text description provided by the architects. Given the growing demand for people who move to Merida looking for a better quality of life, real estate developers have generated an excessive supply of developments that respond exclusively to financial needs and the needs of the market.
On a regular lot in an intra-urban residential area, we are commissioned to develop a heritage real estate project, generating the largest possible number of salable units.
The orientation and location of the property and the freedom of the client to "propose" the most favorable typology, led us to a pinwheel-shaped compositional scheme, which orders four habitable blocks that rotate according to their needs and uses and allow a flexible project that can be built in stages and that responds to the financial flows of the investor.
The first stage or block was planned for small families of three members and is resolved in two levels that adapt to the urban scale and relate in a linear and perpendicular manner to the street, which marks the access to the project, opening to the north and leading the user to the second block.
The second and third blocks turn counterclockwise in order to look for the best orientation and to connect with the context while having greater height and still respecting the scale of the area. These buildings offer three types of housing focused on newly married couples, single adults or university students.
The last block rotates as well, placing itself parallel to the road in a volume of one level, which takes the scale of the immediate surroundings, generating an open trade towards the street, offering a tree-lined square to the city and a common rooftop for users of the building and the community.
Always understanding the real estate nature of the commission, the project is carried out as a formally pragmatic and local project, modulating everything in structural axes of 60cm, attempting not to exceed clearings greater than 4,8m in length, in order to be able to use the traditional building system of blocks, joists and vaults. For the final finish we seek to use a simple material; a flat white powder that evokes the local colour of the earth and which in turn is of low maintenance and reacts to the passage of time with dignity.
The formal expression of the project takes form as a sequence of spaces that serve and are served, expressing their will and generating closed volumes for services and circulations as well as horizontal and open spaces for living areas.
The end result is a project that meets three premises: Maximizing the performance of the investor by offering a flexible and gradual project which densifies its area to generate the greatest amount of salable square meters. On the other hand, we offer diversity, generating different typologies that adapt to the user's spatial and economic needs. And finally, we seek to integrate the project into the city, through commerce and the common square, generating an inclusive and outward-looking project that generates cultural diversity and encourages neighbourhood coexistence.


---
layout: post
title: "Upcoming events"
subtitle: ""
posted_by_replacement: "All the upcoming Foodie London events you need to know about"
description: "A Clean Blog Theme by Start Bootstrap"
header-img: "img/post-bg-01.jpg"
comments: false
---
{{ site.author_name }}
{% assign previousDate = site.date %}
{% for post in site.tags.upcoming %}
{% capture this_year %}{{ post.date | date: "%Y" }}{% endcapture %}
{% capture next_year %}{{ post.previous.date | date: "%Y" }}{% endcapture %}
{% if forloop.first %}
{% endif %}
{% if post.date != previousDate %}
{% include /functions/event_date_format.html date=post.date %}


|
Apache log4cxx
Version 0.10.0
|
Classes | |
| class | Action |
| A file system action performed as part of a rollover event. More... | |
| class | FileRenameAction |
| class | FilterBasedTriggeringPolicy |
| FilterBasedTriggeringPolicy determines if rolling should be triggered by evaluating the current message against a set of filters. More... | |
| class | FixedWindowRollingPolicy |
When rolling over, FixedWindowRollingPolicy renames files according to a fixed window algorithm as described below. More... | |
| class | GZCompressAction |
| class | ManualTriggeringPolicy |
| ManualTriggeringPolicy only rolls over on explicit calls to RollingFileAppender.rollover(). More... | |
| class | RollingFileAppender |
RollingFileAppender extends log4cxx::FileAppender to backup the log files depending on RollingPolicy and TriggeringPolicy. More... | |
| class | RollingFileAppenderSkeleton |
| Base class for log4cxx::rolling::RollingFileAppender and log4cxx::RollingFileAppender (analogues of org.apache.log4j.rolling.RFA from extras companion and org.apache.log4j.RFA from log4j 1.2, respectively). More... | |
| class | RollingPolicy |
A RollingPolicy is responsible for performing the rolling over of the active log file. More... | |
| class | RollingPolicyBase |
| Implements methods common to most, it not all, rolling policies. More... | |
| class | RolloverDescription |
| class | SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy |
| SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy looks at size of the file being currently written to. More... | |
| class | TimeBasedRollingPolicy |
TimeBasedRollingPolicy is both easy to configure and quite powerful. More... | |
| class | TriggeringPolicy |
A TriggeringPolicy controls the conditions under which rollover occurs. More... | |
| class | ZipCompressAction |
| log4cxx::rolling::LOG4CXX_PTR_DEF | ( | FileRenameAction | ) |
| log4cxx::rolling::LOG4CXX_PTR_DEF | ( | GZCompressAction | ) |
| log4cxx::rolling::LOG4CXX_PTR_DEF | ( | ZipCompressAction | ) |
| log4cxx::rolling::LOG4CXX_PTR_DEF | ( | TriggeringPolicy | ) |
| log4cxx::rolling::LOG4CXX_PTR_DEF | ( | RollingPolicy | ) |
| log4cxx::rolling::LOG4CXX_PTR_DEF | ( | SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy | ) |
| log4cxx::rolling::LOG4CXX_PTR_DEF | ( | Action | ) |
| log4cxx::rolling::LOG4CXX_PTR_DEF | ( | RolloverDescription | ) |
| log4cxx::rolling::LOG4CXX_PTR_DEF | ( | RollingFileAppender | ) |
| log4cxx::rolling::LOG4CXX_PTR_DEF | ( | FilterBasedTriggeringPolicy | ) |
| log4cxx::rolling::LOG4CXX_PTR_DEF | ( | FixedWindowRollingPolicy | ) |
| log4cxx::rolling::LOG4CXX_PTR_DEF | ( | RollingFileAppenderSkeleton | ) |
| log4cxx::rolling::LOG4CXX_PTR_DEF | ( | TimeBasedRollingPolicy | ) |


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Ocean [at58], ocean, in The Inner Sea
Last updated Turn #96
Ocean [at58], ocean, in The Inner Sea
------------------------------------------------------------------------
26: Pleasure Sloop [v5n], ship, 30 hulls, 1 rowing port, 90 sails, arrived
26: from Buffalo Plains [at59], owner:
26: Dorothy [v1b], Pen, with 94 sailors
27: Pleasure Sloop [v5n], ship, 30 hulls, 1 rowing port, 90 sails,
27: departed for Ocean [at57].
29: It has become quite windy.
Routes leaving Ocean:
North, to Ocean [as58], 6 days
East, plain, to Buffalo Plains [at59], Imperia, 2 days
South, plain, to Buffalo Plains [au58], Imperia, 2 days
West, to Ocean [at57], 6 days
It is windy.


Get more out of Google by using Google+
Whether you’re using Gmail, Search, Youtube, Maps, or Blogger, Google+ gives you new ways to share the right things with the right people.
Gmail »
Video Chat with up to nine people at once, find emails from the people you care about, share photos effortlessly and more.
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Send directions and share the places you love with just the right people, right from Gogle Maps.
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Easily share your posts on Google+ so that you can expand the audience for your blog.
Chrome »
Recommend sites, share pages, and always stay up-to-date with the people in your Google+ circles.
News »
Get the latest from your favorite authors, and see the articles your friends are sharing right in Google News.
Search »
Search everything on the web,plus your photos,posts from your sircles, and the things your friends have shared with you.
Android »
Get photos that upload as you take them, group chats instead of multiple texts, and video chats with friends.
Music »
Give the people in your Google+ circles a free listen to the songs you buy through Google Music.
Earth »
Share images of the places you visit in Google Earth to just the right people using Google.
Youtube »
Give the people in your Google+ circles a free listen to the songs you buy through Google Music.


| < Day Day Up > |
The DSNJCNVB Utility
If you do not convert the BSDS, only 1,000 archive log volumes and 31 active log data sets per log copy can be managed. The DSNJCNVB utility should be executed as a batch job only when DB2 is not operational. Furthermore, DSNJCNVB can only be run on a DB2 V8 subsystem in new-function mode. Although converting the BSDS is optional, it is highly recommended for large or highly-active DB2 shops. Expand the Size of the BSDS Before ConvertingIf you have migrated to V8 from aprevious version of DB2, you will need to create a larger BSDS before converting it with DSNJCNVB. After you have migrated to V8 new-function mode, execute the following steps to prepare to run the DSNJCNVB utility:
Finally, after expanding the size of your BSDSs, you can invoke the conversion utility, DSNJCNVB, using the JCL snippet shown in Listing 34.1. The SYSUT1 and SYSUT2 DDNAMEs specify the data sets for copy 1 and copy 2 of the BSDS. Listing 34.1. DSNJCNVB JCL//DSNJCNVB EXEC PGM=DSNJCNVB //STEPLIB DD DISP=SHR,DSN=DB2P.SDSNEXIT // DD DISP=SHR,DSN=DB2P.SDSNLOAD //SYSUT1 DD DISP=OLD,DSN=DB2P.BSDS01 //SYSUT2 DD DISP=OLD,DSN=DB2P.BSDS02 //SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=* |
| < Day Day Up > |


Press any letter of the alphabet on your keyboard to start the game. You can't guess the same letter twice in a single round. Only letters a through z are valid entries. Invalid or duplicate keyboard entires will produce an error dialogue box.
Wins: 0
Losses: 0
Guesses Remaining this round: 0
Letters Guessed this round:
You have played 0 rounds


"Virtual" name of the DB adapter service. Examples include "DB\Foo", "db.foo", "FooAdapter"; essentially, a unique name for the adapter that's descriptive of its purpose.
Name of database or database file
DSN for the database; can be used to provide the full database connection specification. Use this if developing for Google App Engine.
Username with which to connect
Password with which to connect
Hostname to which to connect
Port to which to connect
Charset of database


Family spokesperson: Lata Mangeshkar “is doing good”
by BizAsia CorrespondentAfter more rumours circulating the health of veteran singer, Lata Mangeshkar, her family spokesperson has once again put a rest to such news with a new statement.
The singer, known as the ‘nightingale of Indian cinema’, was admitted to Mumbai’s Breach Candy Hospital on Monday due to breathing issues. Since her admission, there has been false news spreading about her health.
In the most recent statement from Mangeshkar’s family spokesperson, it said that the singer “is doing good”.
News agency PTI reveals a source saying, “We are as happy as you are to inform you that with all your prayers and best wishes, Lata didi is doing much better. Thank You for being there. God is great.”
Keep it with BizAsiaLive.com for more.