2
This chapter describes the basic Prolog facts. They are the simplest form of Prolog predicates, and are similar to records in a relational database. As we will see in the next chapter they can be queried like database records.
The syntax for a fact is
pred(arg1, arg2, ... argN).
where
A predicate of arity 0 is simply
pred.
The arguments can be any legal Prolog term. The basic Prolog terms are
Various Prolog implementations enhance this basic list with other data types, such as floating point numbers, or strings.
The Prolog character set is made up of
Integers are made from digits. Other numerical types are allowed in some Prolog implementations.
Atoms are usually made from letters and digits with the first character being a lowercase letter, such as
hello twoWordsTogether x14
For readability, the underscore (_), but not the hyphen (-), can be used as a separator in longer names. So the following are legal.
a_long_atom_name z_23
The following are not legal atoms.
no-embedded-hyphens 123nodigitsatbeginning _nounderscorefirst Nocapsfirst
Use single quotes to make any character combination a legal atom as follows.
'this-hyphen-is-ok' 'UpperCase' 'embedded blanks'
Do not use double quotes ("") to build atoms. This is a special syntax that causes the character string to be treated as a list of ASCII character codes.
Atoms can also be legally made from symbols, as follows.
--> ++
Variables are similar to atoms, but are distinguished by beginning with either an uppercase letter or the underscore (_).
X Input_List _4th_argument Z56
Using these building blocks, we can start to code facts. The predicate name follows the rules for atoms. The arguments can be any Prolog terms.
Facts are often used to store the data a program is using. For example, a business application might have customer/3.
customer('John Jones', boston, good_credit). customer('Sally Smith', chicago, good_credit).
The single quotes are needed around the names because they begin with uppercase letters and because they have embedded blanks.
Another example is a windowing system that uses facts to store data about the various windows. In this example the arguments give the window name and coordinates of the upper left and lower right corners.
window(main, 2, 2, 20, 72). window(errors, 15, 40, 20, 78).
A medical diagnostic expert system might have disease/2.
disease(plague, infectious).
A Prolog listener provides the means for dynamically recording facts and rules in the logicbase, as well as the means to query (call) them. The logicbase is updated by 'consult'ing or 'reconsult'ing program source. Predicates can also be typed directly into the listener, but they are not saved between sessions.
We will now begin to develop Nani Search by defining the basic facts that are meaningful for the game. These include
Figure 2.1. The rooms of Nani Search
Open a new source file and save it as 'myadven.pro', or whatever name you feel is appropriate. You will make your changes to the program in that source file. (A completed version of nanisrch.pro is in the Prolog samples directory, samples/prolog/misc_one_file.)
First we define the rooms with the predicate room/1, which has five clauses, all of which are facts. They are based on the game map in figure 2.1.
room(kitchen). room(office). room(hall). room('dining room'). room(cellar).
We define the locations of things with a two-argument predicate location/2. The first argument will mean the thing and the second will mean its location. To begin with, we will add the following things.
location(desk, office). location(apple, kitchen). location(flashlight, desk). location('washing machine', cellar). location(nani, 'washing machine'). location(broccoli, kitchen). location(crackers, kitchen). location(computer, office).
The symbols we have chosen, such as kitchen and desk have meaning to us, but none to Prolog. The relationship between the arguments should also accurately reflect our meaning.
For example, the meaning we attach to location/2 is "The first argument is located in the second argument." Fortunately Prolog considers location(sink, kitchen) and location(kitchen, sink) to be different. Therefore, as long as we are consistent in our use of arguments, we can accurately represent our meaning and avoid the potentially ambiguous interpretation of the kitchen being in the sink.
We are not as lucky when we try to represent the connections between rooms. Let's start, however, with door/2, which will contain facts such as
door(office, hall).
We would like this to mean "There is a connection from the office to the hall, or from the hall to the office."
Unfortunately, Prolog considers door(office, hall) to be different from door(hall, office). If we want to accurately represent a two-way connection, we would have to define door/2 twice for each connection.
door(office, hall). door(hall, office).
The strictness about order serves our purpose well for location, but it creates this problem for connections between rooms. If the office is connected to the hall, then we would like the reverse to be true as well.
For now, we will just add one-way doors to the program; we will address the symmetry problem again in the next chapter and resolve it in chapter 5.
door(office, hall). door(kitchen, office). door(hall, 'dining room'). door(kitchen, cellar). door('dining room', kitchen).
Here are some other facts about properties of things the game player might try to eat.
edible(apple). edible(crackers). tastes_yucky(broccoli).
Finally we define the initial status of the flashlight, and the player's location at the beginning of the game.
turned_off(flashlight). here(kitchen).
We have now seen how to use basic facts to represent data in a Prolog program.
During the course of completing the exercises you will develop three Prolog applications in addition to Nani Search. The exercises from each chapter will build on the work of previous chapters. Suggested solutions to the exercises are contained in the Prolog source files listed in the appendix, and are also included in samples/prolog/misc_one_file. The files are
Not all applications will be covered in each chapter. For example, the expert system requires an understanding of rules and will not be started until the end of chapter 5.
1- First create a source file for the genealogical logicbase application. Start by adding a few members of your family tree. It is important to be accurate, since we will be exploring family relationships. Your own knowledge of who your relatives are will verify the correctness of your Prolog programs.
Start by recording the gender of the individuals. Use two separate predicates, male/1 and female/1. For example
male(dennis). male(michael). female(diana).
Remember, if you want to include uppercase characters or embedded blanks you must enclose the name in single (not double) quotes. For example
male('Ghenghis Khan').
2- Enter a two-argument predicate that records the parent-child relationship. One argument represents the parent, and the other the child. It doesn't matter in which order you enter the arguments, as long as you are consistent. Often Prolog programmers adopt the convention that parent(A,B) is interpreted "A is the parent of B". For example
parent(dennis, michael). parent(dennis, diana).
3- Create a source file for the customer order entry program. We will begin it with three record types (predicates). The first is customer/3 where the three arguments are
Add as many customers as you see fit.
4- Next add clauses that define the items that are for sale. It should also have three arguments
5- Next add an inventory record for each item. It has two arguments.
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Recipe 20.10.
Solution
Any preliminary processing that your custom metaclass performs on the
name, bases, or dict of the class being built, can affect the way in
which the class object gets built only if it occurs in the
metaclass' _ _new_ _ method,
before your code calls the
metaclass' superclass' _
_new_ _. For example, that's the only time
when you can usefully affect the new class'
_ _slots_ _, if any:
class MetaEnsure_foo(type):
def _ _new_ _(mcl, cname, cbases, cdict):
# ensure instances of the new class can have a '_foo' attribute
if '_ _slots_ _' in cdict and '_foo' not in cdict['_ _slots_ _']:
cdict['_ _slots_ _'] = tuple(cdict['_ _slots_ _']) + ('_foo',)
return super(MetaEnsure_foo, mcl)._ _new_ _(mcl, cname, cbases, cdict)
Metaclass method _ _init_ _ is generally the most
appropriate one for any changes that your custom metaclass makes to
the class object after the class object is
builtfor example, continuing the example code for metaclass
MetaEnsure_foo:
def _ _init_ _(cls, cname, cbases, cdict):
super(MetaEnsure_foo, cls)._ _init_ _(cls, cname, cbases, cdict)
cls._foo = 23
Discussion
The custom metaclass MetaEnsure_foo performs a
definitely "toy" task presented
strictly as an example: if the class object being built defines a
_ _slots_ _ attribute (to save memory),
MetaEnsure_foo ensures that the class object
includes a slot _foo, so that instances of that
class can have an attribute thus named. Further, the custom metaclass
sets an attribute with name _foo and value 23 on
each new class object. The point of the recipe isn't
really this toy task, but rather, a clarification on how _
_new_ _ and _ _init_ _ methods of a
custom metaclass are best coded, and which tasks are most appropriate
for each.
Whenever you instantiate any class x
(whether x is a custom metaclass or an
ordinary class) with or without arguments (we can employ the usual
Python notation *a, **k to mean
arbitrary positional and named arguments), Python internally performs
the equivalent of the following snippet of code:
new_thing = X._ _new_ _(X, *a, **k)
if isinstance(new_thing, X):
X._ _init_ _(new_thing, *a, **k)
The new_thing thus built and initialized is the
result of instantiating x. If
x is a custom metaclass, in particular,
this snippet occurs at the end of the execution of a
class statement, and the arguments (all
positional) are the name, bases, and dictionary of the new class that
is being built.
So, your custom metaclass' _ _new_
_ method is the code that has dibsit executes first.
That's the moment in which you can adjust the name,
bases, and dictionary that you receive as arguments, to affect the
way the new class object is built. Most characteristics of the class
object, but not all, can also be changed later. An example of an
attribute that you have to set before building
the class object is _ _slots_ _. Once the class
object is built, the slots, if any, are defined, and any further
change to _ _slots_ _ has no effect.
The custom metaclass in this recipe carefully uses
super to delegate work to its superclass, rather
than carelessly calling type._ _new_ _ or
type._ _init_ _ directly: the latter usage would
be a subtle mistake, impeding the proper working of multiple
inheritance among metaclasses. Further, this recipe is careful in
naming the first parameters to both methods: cls to
mean an ordinary class (the object that is the first argument to a
custom metaclass' _ _init_ _),
mcl to mean a metaclass (the object that is the
first argument to a custom metaclass' _
_new_ _). The common usage of self should
be reserved to mean normal instances, not classes nor metaclasses,
and therefore it doesn't normally occur in the body
of a custom metaclass. All of these names are a matter of mere
convention, but using appropriate conventions promotes clarity, and
this use of cls and mcl was blessed
by Guido van Rossum himself, albeit only verbally.
The usage distinction between _ _new_ _ and
_ _init_ _ that this recipe advocates for custom
metaclasses is basically the same criterion that
any class should always follow: use _
_new_ _ when you must, only for jobs that cannot be done
later; use _ _init_ _ for all jobs that can be
left until _ _init_ _ time. Following these
conventions makes life easiest for anybody who must tweak your custom
metaclass or make it work well in a multiple inheritance situation,
and thus enhances the reusability of your code. _ _new_
_ should contain only the essence of
your metaclass: stuff that anybody using your metaclass in any way at
all must surely want (or else he
wouldn't be using your metaclass!) because
it's stuff that's not easy to
tweak, modify, or override. _ _init_ _ is
"softer", so most of what your
metaclass is doing to the class objects you generate, should be
there, exactly because it will be easier for reusers to tweak or
avoid.
See Also
Library Reference and Python in a
Nutshell docs on built-ins super and
_ _slots_ _, and special methods _ _init_
_ and _ _new_ _.
|


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There are several trials to get BeOS back up and running. Now something interesting has some up. There is a group of people who are trying to build a new OS that just uses the good sides of BeOS but carries on where BeOS stopped. It’s closed source and is not about copying BeOS. Interesting. Read more: X-OS ? The story on ‘Sequel’ - Xentronix
Image Creation
This one is an interesting concept of automatic gif creation, which can result in some interesting conversations ;)
Please enter your name into the form below:
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</form>
Senator Robert Byrd Speaks Up
Now this a very interesting read, a transcript of a speach by Senator Robert Carlyle Byrd: Senate Remarks: Reckless Administration May Reap Disastrous Consequences.
To contemplate war is to think about the most horrible of human experiences.Â On this February day, as this nation stands at the brink of battle, every American on some level must be contemplating the horrors of war.
Yet, this Chamber is, for the most part, silent – ominously, dreadfully silent.Â There is no debate, no discussion, no attempt to lay out for the nation the pros and cons of this particular war.Â There is nothing.
Cebit
Cebit is just arround the corner now and the first invitations to press conferences are dropping in now. I seriously need to decide if I want to go by now and it would surely be interesting again. Siemens seems to be introducing the SL55 at the show, Nokia is said to show some interesting stuff and there is likely a lot more that is happening.
On a related note, I will be getting the Tel.Me T919 soon for testing it seems. Looking forward to it. This seems to be one of the more interesting developments in the mobile phone world.
GPRS Flatrate
Now if this isn’t cool! infoSync : Orange UK launches flat-rate GPRS
Sure, it costs 45 pounds per month for full internet access but honestly, for always online, whereever you go, whereever you are, … great. I love it. I want it in germany!
Some Thoughts About Irak
Here are some thoughts about Irak. It’s in German though: Die Zeit 07 / 2003 - Richard Rorty: Demokratie für alle oder Herrschaft über die Welt
It includes the viewpoints of several US Professors and similar though. You might be able to use Babelfish.
How Do We Innovate?
Creating a Culture of Ideas is all about finding out where innovation comes from and what we could do to make it happen. Interesting to say the least.
Inside the House That Woz Built
Wired has an article (Wired News: Inside the House That Woz Built) about Steve Wozniak, or WOZ in short, in which they say that he is moving to a new house because his old one is in an area with no GSM reception. Now that’s a reason to move I agree with! WOZ is working on some wireless venture too, so that obviously strengthens the case for a move. The article is a great read for the information about his houses alone though.
TIA
Frank Boosman posted the old IAO (the US Information Awareness Office) and the new TIA (Total Information Awareness) logo to his pseudorandom blog. Interesting to see the two side by side. A quick search brings up their pages. The IAO site can be found here and the objectives of TIA here. Cryptome has some stuff to read as well, which is likely the different side of the coin. Always good to keep stuff like this in the head.
Another Year Being a Fool
Well. It seems that I have just been given another year of complimentary membership of the Motley Fool Community, which is great. I actually complained the other day on the boards that "The Land of Sisu" (one board set up by a group of frequent posters on the NOK board) was actually almost the only thing that we keeping me here but that it was keeping me with full force. I consider these people my friends by now, even if there are some very heated discussions from time to time as currently about the potential war with Irak. Anyway. Just a few hours later, a mail, reproduced below, arrived from the wonderful TMFBogey, Fool Community Manager. Thanks a lot Bogey!!! Greatly appreciated and now TMF can be sure that I will be making a double effort to bring a good amount of value back to the TMF readers. Now that’s long term customer thinking I would say.
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Our Compliments to You!

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Greetings BizKiffer,

One of the things we value most in the Fool Community is "contribution." We appreciate everyone who takes the time to visit the Fool Community, to interact with friends, and to share information, analysis, and support.

In short, we appreciate YOU.

To show our appreciation, we’re extending your Fool Community subscription by 12 months with our compliments.

Your continued participation in the Fool Community is important to all of us and we want to ensure that you’ll be part of the Fool family for a long time to come. The Fool Community is something special, in no small part because of you. I look forward to seeing you out on the boards.

Thank you,

D ** (TMFBogey)
 Fool Community Manager


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Song Surfer is an awesome application that gives you the power to find music by typing in a song or artist. From here Song Surfer will go out and find songs that It thinks you might enjoy.


2018-01-30: Released support for iCE40 UltraPlus devices.
2017-03-13: Released support for LP384 chips (in all package variants).
2016-02-07: Support for all package variants of LP1K, LP4K, LP8K and HX1K, HX4K, and HX8K.
2016-01-17: First release of IceTime timing analysis. Video: https://youtu.be/IG5CpFJRnOk
2015-12-27: Presentation of the IceStorm flow at 32C3 (Video on Youtube).
2015-07-19: Released support for 8k chips. Moved IceStorm source code to GitHub.
2015-05-27: We have a working fully Open Source flow with Yosys and Arachne-pnr! Video: http://youtu.be/yUiNlmvVOq8
2015-04-13: Complete rewrite of IceUnpack, added IcePack, some major documentation updates
2015-03-22: First public release and short YouTube video demonstrating our work: http://youtu.be/u1ZHcSNDQMM
Project IceStorm aims at documenting the bitstream format of Lattice iCE40 FPGAs and providing simple tools for analyzing and creating bitstream files. The IceStorm flow (Yosys, Arachne-pnr, and IceStorm) is a fully open source Verilog-to-Bitstream flow for iCE40 FPGAs.
The focus of the project is on the iCE40 LP/HX 1K/4K/8K chips. (Most of the work was done on HX1K-TQ144 and HX8K-CT256 parts.) The iCE40 UltraPlus parts are also supported, including DSPs, oscillators, RGB and SPRAM. iCE40 LM, Ultra and UltraLite parts are not yet supported.
It has a very minimalistic architecture with a very regular structure. There are not many different kinds of tiles or special function units. This makes it both ideal for creating bitstream documentations and as a reference platform for general purpose FPGA tool development.
Also, with the Lattice iCEstick there is a cheap and easy to use development platform available, which makes the part interesting for all kinds of projects. (The iCEstick features an HX1K device. Lattice also sells an iCE40-HX8K Breakout Board featuring an HX8K chip.)
We are pretty confident that we have the 1K and 8K devices completely documented. For example, it seems we can create correct functional Verilog models for all bitstreams generated by Lattice iCEcube2 for the iCE40 HX1K-TQ144 and the iCE40 HX8K-CT256 using our icebox_vlog tool.
Here is a list of currently supported parts and the corresponding options for arachne-pnr (place and route) and icetime (timing analysis):
| Part | Package | Pin Spacing | I/Os | nextpnr opts | arachne-pnr opts | icetime opts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| iCE40-LP1K-SWG16TR | 16-ball WLCSP (1.40 x 1.48 mm) | 0.35 mm | 10 | --lp1k --package swg16tr | -d 1k -P swg16tr | -d lp1k |
| iCE40-UP3K-UWG30 | 30-ball WLCSP (2.15 x 2.55 mm) | 0.40 mm | 21 | --up5k --package uwg30 | -d 5k -P uwg30 | -d up5k |
| iCE40-UP5K-UWG30 | 30-ball WLCSP (2.15 x 2.55 mm) | 0.40 mm | 21 | --up5k --package uwg30 | -d 5k -P uwg30 | -d up5k |
| iCE40-LP384-CM36 | 36-ball ucBGA (2.5 x 2.5 mm) | 0.40 mm | 25 | --lp384 --package cm36 | -d 384 -P cm36 | -d lp384 |
| iCE40-LP1K-CM36 | 36-ball ucBGA (2.5 x 2.5 mm) | 0.40 mm | 25 | --lp1k --package cm36 | -d 1k -P cm36 | -d lp1k |
| iCE40-LP384-CM49 | 49-ball ucBGA (3 x 3 mm) | 0.40 mm | 37 | --lp384 --package cm49 | -d 384 -P cm49 | -d lp384 |
| iCE40-LP1K-CM49 | 49-ball ucBGA (3 x 3 mm) | 0.40 mm | 35 | --lp1k --package cm49 | -d 1k -P cm49 | -d lp1k |
| iCE40-LP1K-CM81 | 81-ball ucBGA (4 x 4 mm) | 0.40 mm | 63 | --lp1k --package cm81 | -d 1k -P cm81 | -d lp1k |
| iCE40-LP4K-CM81 | 81-ball ucBGA (4 x 4 mm) | 0.40 mm | 63 | --lp8k --package cm81:4k | -d 8k -P cm81:4k | -d lp8k |
| iCE40-LP8K-CM81 | 81-ball ucBGA (4 x 4 mm) | 0.40 mm | 63 | --lp9k --package cm81 | -d 8k -P cm81 | -d lp8k |
| iCE40-LP1K-CM121 | 121-ball ucBGA (5 x 5 mm) | 0.40 mm | 95 | --lp1k --package cm121 | -d 1k -P cm121 | -d lp1k |
| iCE40-LP4K-CM121 | 121-ball ucBGA (5 x 5 mm) | 0.40 mm | 93 | --lp8k --package cm121:4k | -d 8k -P cm121:4k | -d lp8k |
| iCE40-LP8K-CM121 | 121-ball ucBGA (5 x 5 mm) | 0.40 mm | 93 | --lp8k --package cm121 | -d 8k -P cm121 | -d lp8k |
| iCE40-LP4K-CM225 | 225-ball ucBGA (7 x 7 mm) | 0.40 mm | 167 | --lp8k --package cm225:4k | -d 8k -P cm225:4k | -d lp8k |
| iCE40-LP8K-CM225 | 225-ball ucBGA (7 x 7 mm) | 0.40 mm | 178 | --lp8k --package cm225 | -d 8k -P cm225 | -d lp8k |
| iCE40-HX8K-CM225 | 225-ball ucBGA (7 x 7 mm) | 0.40 mm | 178 | --hx8k --package cm225 | -d 8k -P cm225 | -d hx8k |
| iCE40-LP384-QN32 | 32-pin QFN (5 x 5 mm) | 0.50 mm | 21 | --lp384 --package qn32 | -d 384 -P qn32 | -d lp384 |
| iCE40-UP5K-SG48 | 48-pin QFN (7 x 7 mm) | 0.50 mm | 39 | --up5k --package sg48 | -d 5k -P sg48 | -d up5k |
| iCE40-LP1K-QN84 | 84-pin QFNS (7 x 7 mm) | 0.50 mm | 67 | --lp1k --package qn84 | -d 1k -P qn84 | -d lp1k |
| iCE40-LP1K-CB81 | 81-ball csBGA (5 x 5 mm) | 0.50 mm | 62 | --lp1k --package cb81 | -d 1k -P cb81 | -d lp1k |
| iCE40-LP1K-CB121 | 121-ball csBGA (6 x 6 mm) | 0.50 mm | 92 | --lp1k --package cb121 | -d 1k -P cb121 | -d lp1k |
| iCE40-HX1K-CB132 | 132-ball csBGA (8 x 8 mm) | 0.50 mm | 95 | --hx1k --package cb132 | -d 1k -P cb132 | -d hx1k |
| iCE40-HX4K-CB132 | 132-ball csBGA (8 x 8 mm) | 0.50 mm | 95 | --hx8k --package cb132:4k | -d 8k -P cb132:4k | -d hx8k |
| iCE40-HX8K-CB132 | 132-ball csBGA (8 x 8 mm) | 0.50 mm | 95 | --hx8k --package cb132 | -d 8k -P cb132 | -d hx8k |
| iCE40-HX1K-VQ100 | 100-pin VQFP (14 x 14 mm) | 0.50 mm | 72 | --hx1k --package vq100 | -d 1k -P vq100 | -d hx1k |
| iCE40-HX1K-TQ144 | 144-pin TQFP (20 x 20 mm) | 0.50 mm | 96 | --hx1k --package tq144 | -d 1k -P tq144 | -d hx1k |
| iCE40-HX4K-TQ144 | 144-pin TQFP (20 x 20 mm) | 0.50 mm | 107 | --hx8k --package tq144:4k | -d 8k -P tq144:4k | -d hx8k |
| iCE40-HX4K-BG121 | 121-ball caBGA (9 x 9 mm) | 0.80 mm | 93 | --hx8k --package bg121:4k | -d 8k -P bg121:4k | -d hx8k |
| iCE40-HX8K-BG121 | 121-ball caBGA (9 x 9 mm) | 0.80 mm | 93 | --hx8k --package bg121 | -d 8k -P bg121 | -d hx8k |
| iCE40-HX8K-CT256 | 256-ball caBGA (14 x 14 mm) | 0.80 mm | 206 | --hx8k --package ct256 | -d 8k -P ct256 | -d hx8k |
Current work focuses on further improving our timing analysis flow.
Synthesis for iCE40 FPGAs can be done with Yosys. Place-and-route can be done with arachne-pnr. Here is an example script for implementing and programming the rot example from arachne-pnr (this example targets the iCEstick development board):
yosys -p "synth_ice40 -blif rot.blif" rot.v arachne-pnr -d 1k -p rot.pcf rot.blif -o rot.asc icepack rot.asc rot.bin iceprog rot.bin
A simple timing analysis report can be generated using the icetime utility:
icetime -tmd hx1k rot.asc
Installing prerequisites (this command is for Ubuntu 14.04):
sudo apt-get install build-essential clang bison flex libreadline-dev \ gawk tcl-dev libffi-dev git mercurial graphviz \ xdot pkg-config python python3 libftdi-dev \ qt5-default python3-dev libboost-all-dev cmake libeigen3-dev
On Fedora 24 the following command installs all prerequisites:
sudo dnf install make automake gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel clang bison \ flex readline-devel gawk tcl-devel libffi-devel git mercurial \ graphviz python-xdot pkgconfig python python3 libftdi-devel \ qt5-devel python3-devel boost-devel boost-python3-devel eigen3-devel
Note: All tools will be installed relative to /usr/local
Installing the IceStorm Tools (icepack, icebox, iceprog, icetime, chip databases):
git clone https://github.com/YosysHQ/icestorm.git icestorm cd icestorm make -j$(nproc) sudo make install
Installing Arachne-PNR (place&route tool, predecessor to NextPNR):
git clone https://github.com/cseed/arachne-pnr.git arachne-pnr cd arachne-pnr make -j$(nproc) sudo make install
Installing NextPNR (place&route tool, Arachne-PNR replacement):
git clone --recursive https://github.com/YosysHQ/nextpnr nextpnr cd nextpnr cmake -DARCH=ice40 -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local . make -j$(nproc) sudo make install
Installing Yosys (Verilog synthesis):
git clone https://github.com/YosysHQ/yosys.git yosys cd yosys make -j$(nproc) sudo make install
Both place and route tools (Arachne-PNR & NextPNR) convert the IceStorm text chip databases into the respective PNR binary chip databases during build. Always rebuild the PNR tools after updating your IceStorm installation.
Notes for Linux: Create a file /etc/udev/rules.d/53-lattice-ftdi.rules with the following line in it to allow uploading bit-streams to a Lattice iCEstick and/or a Lattice iCE40-HX8K Breakout Board as unprivileged user:
ATTRS{idVendor}=="0403", ATTRS{idProduct}=="6010", MODE="0660", GROUP="plugdev", TAG+="uaccess"
Notes for Archlinux: just install icestorm-git, arachne-pnr-git and yosys-git from the Arch User Repository (no need to follow the install instructions above).
Notes for OSX: Please follow the additional instructions for OSX to install on OSX.
Please file an issue on github if you have additional notes to share regarding the install procedures on the operating system of your choice.
The IceStorm Tools are a couple of small programs for working with iCE40 bitstream files and our ASCII representation of it. The complete Open Source iCE40 Flow consists of the IceStorm Tools, Arachne-PNR, and Yosys.
The iceunpack program converts an iCE40 .bin file into the IceStorm ASCII format that has blocks of 0 and 1 for the config bits for each tile in the chip. The icepack program converts such an ASCII file back to an iCE40 .bin file. All other IceStorm Tools operate on the ASCII file format, not the bitstream binaries.
The icetime program is an iCE40 timing analysis tool. It reads designs in IceStorm ASCII format and writes times timing netlists that can be used in external timing analysers. It also includes a simple topological timing analyser that can be used to create timing reports.
A python library and various tools for working with IceStorm ASCII files and accessing the device database. For example icebox_vlog converts our ASCII file dump of a bitstream into a Verilog file that implements an equivalent circuit.
A small driver program for the FTDI-based programmer used on the iCEstick and HX8K development boards.
A tool for packing multiple bitstream files into one iCE40 multiboot image file.
A small program for calculating iCE40 PLL configuration parameters.
A small program for swapping the BRAM contents in IceStorm ASCII files. E.g. for changing the firmware image in a SoC design without re-running synthesis and place&route.
The IceStorm Makefile builds and installs two files: chipdb-1k.txt and chipdb-8k.txt. This files contain all the relevant information for arachne-pnr to place&route a design and create an IceStorm ASCII file for the placed and routed design.
IcePack/IceUnpack, IceBox, IceProg, IceTime, and IcePLL are written by Claire Wolf. IcePack/IceUnpack is based on a reference implementation provided by Mathias Lasser. IceMulti is written by Marcus Comstedt.
If you have a question regarding the IceStorm flow, use the yosys tag on stackoverflow to ask your question. If your question is a general question about Verilog HDL design, please consider using the verilog tag on stackoverflow instead.
For general discussions go to the Yosys Subreddit or #yosys on freenode IRC.
If you have a bug report please file an issue on github. (IceStorm Issue Tracker, Yosys Issue Tracker, Arachne-PNR Issue Tracker)
Recommended reading: Lattice iCE40 LP/HX Family Datasheet, Lattice iCE Technology Library (Especially the three pages on "Architecture Overview", "PLB Blocks", "Routing", and "Clock/Control Distribution Network" in the Lattice iCE40 LP/HX Family Datasheet. Read that first, then come back here.)
The FPGA fabric is divided into tiles. There are IO, RAM and LOGIC tiles.
The iceunpack program can be used to convert the bitstream into an ASCII file that has a block of 0 and 1 characters for each tile. For example:
.logic_tile 12 12<PHONE_NUMBER>00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000<PHONE_NUMBER>00000000000011010000000000000000000000000000<PHONE_NUMBER>00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000<PHONE_NUMBER>00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000<PHONE_NUMBER>00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000<PHONE_NUMBER>00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000<PHONE_NUMBER>00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000<PHONE_NUMBER>00001011000000000000000000000000000000000000<PHONE_NUMBER>00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000<PHONE_NUMBER>00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000<PHONE_NUMBER>00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000<PHONE_NUMBER>00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000<PHONE_NUMBER>00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000<PHONE_NUMBER>00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000<PHONE_NUMBER>00000000000000001000001000010101010000000000<PHONE_NUMBER>00000000000000000101010000101010100000000000
This bits are referred to as By[x] in the documentation. For example, B0 is the first line, B0[0] the first bit in the first line, and B15[53] the last bit in the last line.
The icebox_explain program can be used to turn this block of config bits into a description of the cell configuration:
.logic_tile 12 12 LC_7<PHONE_NUMBER>101010 0000 buffer local_g0_2 lutff_7/in_3 buffer local_g1_4 lutff_7/in_0 buffer sp12_h_r_18 local_g0_2 buffer sp12_h_r_20 local_g1_4
IceBox contains a database of the wires and configuration bits that can be found in iCE40 tiles. This database can be accessed via the IceBox Python API. But IceBox is a large hack. So it is recommended to only use the IceBox API to export this database into a format that fits the target application. See icebox_chipdb for an example program that does that.
The recommended approach for learning how to use this documentation is to synthesize very simple circuits using Yosys and Arachne-pnr, run the icestorm tool icebox_explain on the resulting bitstream files, and analyze the results using the HTML export of the database mentioned above. icebox_vlog can be used to convert the bitstream to Verilog. The output file of this tool will also outline the signal paths in comments added to the generated Verilog code.
For example, consider the following Verilog and PCF files:
// example.v module top (input a, b, output y); assign y = a & b; endmodule # example.pcf set_io a 1 set_io b 10 set_io y 11
And run them through Yosys, Arachne-PNR and IcePack:
$ yosys -p 'synth_ice40 -top top -blif example.blif' example.v $ arachne-pnr -d 1k -o example.asc -p example.pcf example.blif $ icepack example.asc example.bin
We would get something like the following icebox_explain output:
$ icebox_explain example.asc Reading file 'example.asc'.. Fabric size (without IO tiles): 12 x 16 .io_tile 0 10 IOB_1 PINTYPE_0 IOB_1 PINTYPE_3 IOB_1 PINTYPE_4 IoCtrl IE_0 IoCtrl IE_1 IoCtrl REN_0 buffer local_g0_5 io_1/D_OUT_0 buffer logic_op_tnr_5 local_g0_5 .io_tile 0 14 IOB_1 PINTYPE_0 IoCtrl IE_1 IoCtrl REN_0 buffer io_1/D_IN_0 span4_vert_b_6 .io_tile 0 11 IOB_0 PINTYPE_0 IoCtrl IE_0 IoCtrl REN_1 routing span4_vert_t_14 span4_horz_13 .logic_tile 1 11 LC_5<PHONE_NUMBER>000000 0000 buffer local_g0_0 lutff_5/in_1 buffer local_g3_0 lutff_5/in_0 buffer neigh_op_lft_0 local_g0_0 buffer sp4_h_r_24 local_g3_0
And something like the following icebox_vlog output:
$ icebox_vlog -p example.pcf example.asc // Reading file 'example.asc'.. module chip (output y, input b, input a); wire y; // io_0_10_1 // (0, 10, 'io_1/D_OUT_0') // (0, 10, 'io_1/PAD') // (0, 10, 'local_g0_5') // (0, 10, 'logic_op_tnr_5') // (0, 11, 'logic_op_rgt_5') // (0, 12, 'logic_op_bnr_5') // (1, 10, 'neigh_op_top_5') // (1, 11, 'lutff_5/out') // (1, 12, 'neigh_op_bot_5') // (2, 10, 'neigh_op_tnl_5') // (2, 11, 'neigh_op_lft_5') // (2, 12, 'neigh_op_bnl_5') wire b; // io_0_11_0 // (0, 11, 'io_0/D_IN_0') // (0, 11, 'io_0/PAD') // (1, 10, 'neigh_op_tnl_0') // (1, 10, 'neigh_op_tnl_4') // (1, 11, 'local_g0_0') // (1, 11, 'lutff_5/in_1') // (1, 11, 'neigh_op_lft_0') // (1, 11, 'neigh_op_lft_4') // (1, 12, 'neigh_op_bnl_0') // (1, 12, 'neigh_op_bnl_4') wire a; // io_0_14_1 // (0, 11, 'span4_horz_13') // (0, 11, 'span4_vert_t_14') // (0, 12, 'span4_vert_b_14') // (0, 13, 'span4_vert_b_10') // (0, 14, 'io_1/D_IN_0') // (0, 14, 'io_1/PAD') // (0, 14, 'span4_vert_b_6') // (0, 15, 'span4_vert_b_2') // (1, 11, 'local_g3_0') // (1, 11, 'lutff_5/in_0') // (1, 11, 'sp4_h_r_24') // (1, 13, 'neigh_op_tnl_2') // (1, 13, 'neigh_op_tnl_6') // (1, 14, 'neigh_op_lft_2') // (1, 14, 'neigh_op_lft_6') // (1, 15, 'neigh_op_bnl_2') // (1, 15, 'neigh_op_bnl_6') // (2, 11, 'sp4_h_r_37') // (3, 11, 'sp4_h_l_37') assign y = /* LUT 1 11 5 */ b ? a : 0; endmodule
Links to related projects. Contact me at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>if you have an interesting and relevant link.
In papers and reports, please refer to Project IceStorm as follows: Claire Wolf, Mathias Lasser. Project IceStorm. http://bygone.clairexen.net/icestorm/, e.g. using the following BibTeX code:
@MISC{IceStorm, author = {Claire Wolf and Mathias Lasser}, title = {Project IceStorm}, howpublished = "\url{http://bygone.clairexen.net/icestorm/}" }
Documentation mostly by Claire Wolf<EMAIL_ADDRESS>in 2015. Based on research by Mathias Lasser and Claire Wolf.
Buy an iCEstick or iCE40-HX8K Breakout Board from Lattice and see what you can do with the tools and information provided here.


Blacksmith Silvery:
Very well, then! Seek
Blacksmith Kluto in Gludin Village
. From him you will receive the second of the tests. Good fortune to you!


When beginning the brainstorming phase of our WEHack project, our team debated over multiple ideas that we thought would be viable as well as useful. As a team, we wanted to create something that would help future UTD students navigate college life. We initially thought to create a robot for the platform Discord, but with some direction from a mentor, we decided to take our project in another direction. We maintained that we wanted to create a bot, but it would instead be related to assisting those who wanted to navigate the the numerous UTDallas academic websites. Instead of spending hours webcrawling for hidden info within UTD sites, we planned to make a bot that could parse these sites for you, and return a quick and easy answer.
Once we finalized our idea, we contemplated how to approach its implementation. There were hundreds of chatbbot tutorials in dozens of programming languages, each using different libraries and implementations. We also needed a chatbot that could grab data off the internet, or in this case, Google.com. We decided to use the language Python for its data analysis and scraping possibilities, which could help us when making the robot respond using data it found. We researched different methods of implementing a chatbot using Python, and once we found a method we thought would work best for our project, we began implementation using a quick start tutorial.
However, following the tutorial was not nearly as simple as it seemed. Because the tutorial was written with Linux users in mind, and most of us were using Apple/Microsoft software, there were certain areas where we needed to perform more research to truly grasp what our next step in the program was. We had to research ports and how they corresponded with the python server we built to parse web entries. We also had to make a few changes to the foundation provided by the tutorial, and then we had to format these changes for Python. Python's strict indentation rules proved to be more tricky than expected. Especially when trying link our application the front page of our website.
The debugging was ruthless process, but not nearly as challenging as what followed. Next we needed to figure out the front end development associated with our webpage (or more specifically our chat bot). We spent the entire night lerning about http servers, response headers, and proxy servers using node.js. After the help of several mentors and stack exchange forums, we finally started to get somewhere. We went from slightly erronous (but existent) responses to an actual correct answer within our text bubble!


LITTLE ANGEL [ENGELCHEN] A film review by James Berardinelli Copyright 1997 James Berardinelli
RATING (0 TO 10): 8.0 Alternative Scale: ***1/2 out of ****
Germany, 1996 Running Length: 1:29 MPAA Classification: No MPAA Rating (Sex, nudity, mature themes, profanity) Theatrical Aspect Ratio: 1.85:1 Shown at the Philadelphia Festival of World Cinema, 5/2/97, 5/5/97, & 5/8/97
Cast: Susanne Lothar, Cezary Pazura, Sophie Rois, Herbert Fritsch, Kathrin Angerer, Luise Wolfram, Heide Kipp Director: Helke Misselwitz Producer: Thomas Wilkening Screenplay: Helke Misselwitz Cinematography: Thomas Plenert In German with subtitles
LITTLE ANGEL, the latest offering from German film maker Helke Misselwitz, is a poignant, powerful character study, as well as a look at the potentially debilitating effects of loneliness. Distinguished by strong acting and an even stronger script, LITTLE ANGEL slowly-but- surely pulls the viewer into its grim, grimy, everyday world and keeps us there as this tragic tale follows its inevitable trajectory. LITTLE ANGEL is effective because it seems so real (Misselwitz made documentaries earlier in her career). For the audience, this is a voyeuristic, fly-on-the-wall experience.
We watch Ramona (Susanne Lothar) as she watches others. Her life consists of going to work, feeding her beloved pet bird, and gazing out her window at the goings-on in an adjacent apartment building. She watches one dysfunctional family in particular, and her eyes frequently meet those of the little girl whose parents are always screaming at each other. One day, Ramona encounters a Polish rogue, Andrzej (Cezay Pazura), at the train station, and, from the moment he kisses her as a ruse to divert the police's attention, she is smitten.  Soon, Andrzej has moved in, and Ramona is truly happy. But the halcyon days cannot last, and soon Ramona must face the possibility of being more lonely than ever.
 By showing us all the joyless aspects of her daily routine, Misselwitz invites us to share Ramona's existence. It's a powerful way to build a character, and it works to perfection. As the movie progresses, we experience Ramona's ups and downs with her. This isn't the kind of film that engages its viewers on a purely intellectual plane.
A fleet of supporting characters populate LITTLE ANGEL, but the focus never wavers from Ramona and Andrzej. Susanne Lothar's performance is especially noteworthy -- she becomes Ramona in every way that is important, giving herself to the role. The complexity and depth of her character is due in equal part to Misselwitz's perceptive script and Lothar's memorable interpretation of it.
We have all experienced loneliness at one time or another -- it's one aspect of the human experience that anyone can relate to, and that makes Ramona's plight all-the-more immediate. LITTLE ANGEL offers a slice of many aspects of life: beauty and ugliness, joy and tragedy, passion and pain. Ramona's story touches the heart without ever resorting to manipulation, and that's the singlemost outstanding characteristic of LITTLE ANGEL. The movie, currently playing the international festival circuit, is worth seeking out.
- James Berardinelli e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>ReelViews web site: http://www.cybernex.net/~berardin
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class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide .title[ # Linking Earth observation to global supply chains to support sustainable development ¶ ¶ ] .subtitle[ ##
] .author[ ### Dr Victor Maus
.font80[Institute for Ecological Economics
Vienna University of Economics and Business]
.font80[
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>]
.font80[
www.victor-maus.com
] ] .date[ ### .right[.font80[Dec 14, 2021, Ifgi GI-Forum]] ¶
¶ Except where otherwise noted, content on these slides is licensed under
CC BY-SA 4.0 license
] --- # Time-Weighted Dynamic Time Warping (TWDTW) .footnote-left[[Maus et al. (2016)](https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2517118) and [Maus et al. (2019)](http://dx.doi.org/10.18637/jss.v088.i05)] .pull-left.center[ #### TWDTW matches well known temporal profiles to segments of satellite image time series to produce land-use/land-cover information. ] .pull-right.center[] .pull-left.mt3[] .pull-right.pl2[ - TWDTW has known scientific and business applications - Installation `install.package("dtwSat")` - Development [github.com/vwmaus/dtwSat](https://github.com/vwmaus/dtwSat)] --- class: # The great acceleration .center[  ] .cc-bottom-left.font-dark[ Figure: [Steffen et al. (2015)](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2053019614564785) ] --- class: clear background-image: url(https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/perssonetalblog1.png?itok=TUj8JebP) background-size: cover .cc-bottom-right2.font-dark[ Figure: © 2021 Center for Global Development ] ## **Information on the global drivers of local changes is critical to support sustainable development** --- class: clear background-image: url(./../img/mrio-vewer-soy-brazil-20211210.png) background-size: contain .cc-bottom-right3.font-dark[ [MRIO-Viewer www.fineprint.global/visualisations/fabio-viewer](https://www.fineprint.global/visualisations/fabio-viewer) Gutschlhofer & Maus (Under review) ] --- layout: false class: clear .pull-left.center[ .bg-washed-blue.b--dark-blue.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.mh1.mt0.font100[ **Biomes according to Ecoregions2017** ]  ] .pull-right.center[ .bg-washed-blue.b--dark-blue.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.mh1.mt0.font100[ **GDP per capita 2018 in the Brazilian municipalities** ]  ] ### **How to link spatial heterogeneous impacts to global supply chains?** --- layout: false class: clear, middle, center background-image: url(./../img/Soybean-Field-by-UnitedSoybeanBoard--CC-BY-2-0.jpg) background-size: cover .cc-bottom-left.font-light[ Photo "Soybean Field" by UnitedSoybeanBoard CC BY 2.0 ] .font-dark.center.font300.font-light[ **The biomass sector** ] --- layout: false class: clear, middle background-image: url(./../img/brazil-soy-model.png) background-size: 100% 100% .footnote-right[Figure: Stefan Trsek] --- layout: false class: clear, middle background-image: url(./../img/china-soyfootprint-in-brazil.png) background-size: 100% 100% .footnote-left[Figure: Stefan Trsek] --- layout: false class: clear, middle, center background-image: url(./../img/mapbiomas.png) background-size: 100% 100% .cc-bottom-right.font-light[ Screenshot of [MAPBIOMAS](https://plataforma.brasil.mapbiomas.org) ] --- class: clear, middle background-image: url(./../img/esa-cci-land-cover.png) background-size: 100% 100% .footnote-right[Screenshot of [ESA CCI Land cover viewer](http://maps.elie.ucl.ac.be/CCI/viewer/)] .center.bg-washed-blue.b--dark-red.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.ph4.mt1.ma0.pb4[ ### **How to scale agricultural commodities mapping with scarce training data?** ] --- class: clear, middle background-image: url(https://live.staticflickr.com/8161/7650332104_ba20f66e53_b.jpg) background-size: 100% 100% .cc-bottom-left.font-light[ Photo "ADM8" by Ars Electronica CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 ] .center.bg-washed-blue.b--dark-red.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.ph4.mt1.ma0.pb4[ ### **Geospatial data on commodities production, trade, use, and reserves are commercial and treated in confidence.** ] --- layout: false class: clear, middle, center background-image: url(./../img/Aerial-view-of-a-small-mine-near-Mt-Isa-Queensland-by-denisbin--CC-BY-ND-2-0.jpg) background-size: cover .cc-bottom-left.font-light[ Photo "Aerial view of a small mine near Mt Isa Queensland" by denisbin CC BY-ND 2.0 ] .font-dark.center.font300.font-light[ **The mining sector** ] --- layout: false class: clear, middle, center background-image: url(./../img/carajas-misclassification2.png) background-size: cover .footnote-right[Screenshot of [ESA CCI Land cover viewer](http://maps.elie.ucl.ac.be/CCI/viewer/)] --- layout: false class: clear, middle, center .pull-left.center[ .bg-washed-blue.b--dark-blue.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.mh1.mt0.font100[ **Open cut of the Carajás Iron Mine, Brazil** ]

Screenshots of FINEPRINT Viewer

 ] .pull-right.center[ .bg-washed-blue.b--dark-blue.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.mh1.mt0.font100[ **Urban area of the Parauapebas municipality, Brazil** ]

Screenshots of FINEPRINT Viewer

 ] .bg-washed-blue.b--dark-red.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.ph4.mt1.ma0.pb4.center[ ### **Why most land cover maps dismiss mining in their classification system?** ] --- layout: false class: clear, middle, center background-image: url(./../img/global-mining-map.png) .footnote-right[.font-light[Figure: Screenshot of [FINEPRINT Viewer](https://www.fineprint.global/viewer) Data sources: v1 [Maus et al. (2020)](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-00624-w) v2 Maus et al. (Under review)]] .left-column.pl1.mt0.font120.left.bottom.font-light[

 **45,000 Polygons** **100,000 km²** ] --- layout: false # Global forest cover loss due to mining .center.red[  ] ### Accumulated: 13,744 sq. km .footnote-right[Maus et al. (In preparation)] --- layout: false # Global forest cover loss due to mining .center[  ] ### 62% (8,533 sq. km) on Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests .footnote-right[Maus et al. (In preparation)] --- layout: false class: clear .left-column.font-dark[ - Which regions will be affected by closing coal mines? - Using EO we increased the spatial coverage of coal production from 20 % to 50 % of global production compared to national reporting. ] .right-column.center[

Maus & Jasansky (2021)

 ] --- layout: false class: clear  ### Time is essential to answer "why" questions .footnote-right[Maus & Luckeneder (Ongoing)] --- layout: false class: clear, middle, center .pull-left.center[ .bg-washed-blue.b--dark-blue.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.mh1.mt0.font100[ **Small scale mining in Itaituba National Forest, Brazil** ]

 ] .pull-right.center[ .bg-washed-blue.b--dark-blue.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.mh1.mt0.font100[ **Super pit gold mine, Australia** ]

 ] .bg-washed-blue.b--dark-red.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.ph4.mt1.ma0.pb4.center[ ### **It is not feasible to keep the mining areas data set up-to-date without automation** ] --- layout: false class: clear, middle .center[  ]

 .bg-washed-blue.b--dark-red.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.ph4.mt1.ma0.pb4.center[ ### **Deep neural networks are showing promising results in delineating mining areas** ] .cc-bottom-left.font-dark[ Figure: Knoth, Appel, & Maus ] --- layout: false class: clear, middle, center .pull-left.center[ .bg-washed-blue.b--dark-blue.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.mh1.mt0.font100[ **Regular spatial patterns** ]

Photo by Tiina Häyhä CC BY-SA 4.0 license

 ] .pull-right.center[ .bg-washed-blue.b--dark-blue.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.mh1.mt0.font100[ **Irregular spatial patterns** ]

Screenshots of Google Maps

 ] .bg-washed-blue.b--dark-red.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.ph4.mt1.ma0.pb4.center[ ### **Can deep neural networks learn how to identify mines with their great spatial irregularity?** ] --- layout: false class: clear, inverse, top, left ## Geospatial data that can link local impacts to the global economy is essential to support sustainable development -- ## Development methods to extract information from EO data can help fill this data gap -- ## Geoinformatics is a key discipline to address sustainability challenges --
 Dr Victor Maus
.font80[Institute for Ecological Economics
Vienna University of Economics and<EMAIL_ADDRESS>href='https://www.victor-maus.com'>www.victor-maus.com] .right[ .font80[Dec 14, 2021, Ifgi GI-Forum]
 .font150[Thank you!] ]


Quinn
0
Set to 40, 60 Set to 20, 80 Set to 90, 95 Set to 0, 100
change events triggered: 0
drag events triggered: 0
abort events triggered: 0
Set to 40, 60 Set to 20, 80 Set to 90, 95 Set to 0, 100
change events triggered: 0
drag events triggered: 0
abort events triggered: 0


One would expect that a dosage usually said to cause a medium to strong effect in the average person, of average height, might not do so much for one who is 210 lb and 6' 3'. I have a high metabolism, and before I became a little meaty due to antipsychotics, which by the way I finaly stoped taking, I was 155 lb and could probably eat an entire box of delivery pizza and then burn it off just pacing nervously around the house, as I so often do. In other words, now that I'm off of those antipsychotics, which lowered my metabolism so greatly to cause my weight gain, my metabolism is uneffected and so would facilitate a rapid transit of ingested psychoactives as if I were much thinner.
I aquired the LSA from 300 Pearly Gates morning glory seeds that I performed an extraction on. The substance resulting had these physical characteristics: thick and pastey, yellow-brown, thin oily resin, and easily manipulated with the fingers. The substance was ingested raw after being rolled up into a ball the size of a marble. I have no scales small enough to have weighed the amount, but one can infer this from the quantity of seeds used. I swallowed the LSA paste at about 1 pm. After only several minutes I could feel a few bodily effects, such as movements with arms and legs becoming heavy, sneezing (too much sneezing for it not to have been the LSA), and slight nausea.
After an hour or so my mood began to lift into a very positive one. My energy level rose somewhat, and perceptual anomalies were prevailent. Some of these included: constant flashing in the peripheri of vision, strange and vivid patterns emerging from carpets and in the stitchings of cloth, fluidic colored streams began to be superimposed on walls and ceilings, residual light from things I had just looked away from was intensified and greatly sustained.
At about the two hour mark, I had made my way into my bedroom. I was lying down with my eyes closed. Vivid and ever changing geometric structures ocupied my inner vision with such a preternatural significance adorned to them that to have looked away would have been like taking one's eye's off of the glorious exposition of the meaning of existence as given to you through a direct contact with God. Enormous wheels of the most intracate and complex machinery spun slowly with all of their interconections in active process. On closer look, I took notice that there were no pannels or continuously flat parts as I had supposed, but only what I can describe as thin shafts and wires bent and connected in the most seemingly random and plant-like arrangments. The view of all this activity and emense structural detail within these great wheels was crushing to my mind.
If one can imagine what it would be like to see, in one view, the entire universe and to become aware, in one thought, of all its parts and their activities and the wordless feeling of awe in response, realizing then the meaningless and childlike persuits of our species, being so insignifcant, so incredibly small, all of us so blind and stupid, this is as close to what I had experienced with the wheels as I can manage, apart from somehow taking you to them.
My usual mental backdrop of time deconstructed itself. My thoughts and actions seemed timeless, sustained, 'here and now' which I realized is where eternity resides. The thought of so much activity contained within a single moment had the limits of my consciousness reached and torn down. I felt I had broken through a barrier which then allowed me to see and hold within my mind an inconceivable amount of possible events, their possible causes, and the possible consequences of those, extending ad infinitum as far as my mind's eye could see. I was above it all, observing, in control at one level, but helpless to the self-perpetuating network of causality before me at another. I had control over where I could look, what chain of causal sequence to follow into infinity, and, most intruigingly, what events to treat as real and hold in a new construction of reality, all my own.
The visuals began to loose their intensity and I wasn't as taken by them. I sat up and wrote down what I was able to remember at the time. On my way over to the desk I realized some the physical effects I had probably been missing due to my lying down all this time. My limbs were very heavy, as if trying to move normally while submerged under water. After stubbing my foot numerously on the furniture crammed into my tiny room, I realized that my sensitivity to pain in my extremities was almost non-existent. I also realized, considering how many times I ran into things, that my care to watch where I stepped had to be forced as if learning it anew. There was no daylight comming through the windows anymore. I don't have a clock in my room (it broke), so I can't give you a specific time.
After writing, I stayed at my desk for what I imagine was a very long time. I remember being in some sort of trance, so taken by the many items cluttering my desk. Their function, chemical compositions, possible other uses, and even estimating as to how much ink was left inside each pen according to the amount of times I remembered using them; all were rediculously interesting. The effects dwindled afterward. The flashes continued, though less intense, until I fell asleep.
The next day I saw my therapist, and was able to recount my exerience to her with a suprising amount of clearity and depth. I will definately take LSA again, but because I had such a visionary experience, I will choose to do this in a more spiritual set and setting in the future.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


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1 Conference. 1 Hackathon. 3 Amazing Days.
Want to listen to the experts or just play with tech? How about both? Here's an amazing opportunity to listen to the best people explain tech subjects and then get stuck in!
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Locations within the centre of Birmingham
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"Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn" - Benjamin Franklin
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Trader Lara:
Oh, I see! If that is so, let's do it just like the other day...  Here, I'll make a list of the things I need.


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From swirling tornadoes to slamming hurricanes, Scooter Payne chases it all! AND blogged it for you avid fans and aspiring chasers!


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Belly Breathing
- Sit or lay in a comforatble position
- Put one hand on your belly just below your ribs and the other hand on your chest
- Take a deep breath in through your nose, and let your belly push your hand out. Your chest shouldn't move
- Breathe out through pursed lips as if you were whistling. Feel the hand on your belly go in, and use it to push all the air out
- Do this breathing 3 to 10 times. Take your time with each breath
- Take note of how you feel at the end of the exercise!


News Grabber Api
News Grabber Api is based on News Grabber Bot. The bot copies only essential things of news contents which are mainly title,image and inner content with published date.
How does it work
News Grabber bot crawls to supported sites on hourly basis and grabs news,the news is immediately formatted and inserted to database. Which is later used by the News Grabber Api.
News Grabber vs RSS
RSS feeds fetches everything except the news full content. News grabber grabs all news and their inner page contents giving you full readable news with no suspense watsoever.
Api Usage Rules
1)You must provide a link to the souce website where the news is grabbed from. Source url will be availabe in response onbject.
2)Do not send more than 1800 request/hour.
Api Usage
//SIMPLE EXAMPLE using Jquery
$.get("https://stillkonfuzed.com/NewsGrabber/grabber/getNews",(allNews)=>{
//allNews = JSON.parse(allNews); //parse it if u get `Unexpected token` error
if(allNews.status === 'news_found'){ //else returns `no_news`
console.log(allNews);
console.log(allNews.newsData); //news data
console.log(allNews.message); //number of news obtained.
allNews.newsData.forEach((news)=>{
$('body').append(news.news_title+"<\br>");
$('body').append(`<\img src='${news.news_image}' width='200px'>`);
$('body').append("<\br>"+news.news_content+"<\br>");
//remove all escape (`\`) characters from above code
});
}else{
//handle no data | allNews.status === 'no_news'
console.log(allNews.newsData); //news data will be null
$('body').append("<\br>"+allNews.message+"<\br>");
}
});
//News by id
$.get("https://stillkonfuzed.com/NewsGrabber/grabber/getNewsById",{id:'1'},(allNews)=>{
//allNews = JSON.parse(allNews); //parse it if u get `Unexpected token` error
if(allNews.status === 'news_found'){ //else returns `no_news`
console.log(allNews);
console.log(allNews.newsData); //news data
console.log(allNews.message); //number of news obtained.
allNews.newsData.forEach((news)=>{
$('body').append(news.news_title+"<\br>");
$('body').append(`<\img src='${news.news_image}' width='200px'>`);
$('body').append("<\br>"+news.news_content+"<\br>");
//remove all escape (`\`) characters from above code
});
}else{
//handle no data | allNews.status === 'no_news'
console.log(allNews.newsData); //news data will be null
$('body').append("<\br>"+allNews.message+"<\br>");
}
});
Cons
1 out of 50 images may appear broken for some news.
Per Hour Refresh rate.


The Structure of this Blog
08 Jul 2015- Every posts will fall within this 4 categories: Musings, Glimpses, Curiositas, and Rewritings. The first refers to notes and actual pieces. The second is nothing but a Commonplace book. The third is the log of my curiosity and is inspired by Cosma R. Shalizi’s Notebooks. The fourth is a little experiment in the age-old practice of copying, reformulating and plagiarizing.
- This blog focuses entirely on content, so the design will remain barebones. I will add an Archive or a Category Index to the sidebar, basic contact information, and nothing else.
- While Anagogias 1.0 is gone for good, I still fully endorse Andrew Simone’s “Just Enough is More” aesthetics and rationale. So I won’t implement tags, tag-clouds, calendars, and will stick to Poole/Lanyon’s “Related Post” function. When I learn how to do it, I will make sure that the Home page shows only the most recent post.
- The only important departure from Simone’s original theme is that I will implement Disqus support in the future.
David


Tab volume allows you to set different volume levels per tab in chrome. The volume levels are mapped exponentially this means 50 is a gain of 0.25, 100 is a gain of 1, and 200 is a gain of 4. It remembers preveously selected volume levels for each domain and use those when loading up the page again.
Star on GitHub Submit a bug


Pass event handlers and other functions as props to child components:
<button onClick={this.handleClick}>
If you need to have access to the parent component in the handler, you also need to bind the function to the component instance (see below).
There are several ways to make sure functions have access to component attributes like this.props
and this.state
, depending on which syntax and build steps you are using.
class Foo extends Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.handleClick = this.handleClick.bind(this);
}
handleClick() {
console.log('Click happened');
}
render() {
return <button onClick={this.handleClick}>Click Me</button>;
}
}
class Foo extends Component {
// Note: this syntax is experimental and not standardized yet.
handleClick = () => {
console.log('Click happened');
}
render() {
return <button onClick={this.handleClick}>Click Me</button>;
}
}
class Foo extends Component {
handleClick() {
console.log('Click happened');
}
render() {
return <button onClick={this.handleClick.bind(this)}>Click Me</button>;
}
}
Note:
Using
Function.prototype.bind
in render creates a new function each time the component renders, which may have performance implications (see below).
class Foo extends Component {
handleClick() {
console.log('Click happened');
}
render() {
return <button onClick={() => this.handleClick()}>Click Me</button>;
}
}
Note:
Using an arrow function in render creates a new function each time the component renders, which may break optimizations based on strict identity comparison.
Generally speaking, yes, it is OK, and it is often the easiest way to pass parameters to callback functions.
If you do have performance issues, by all means, optimize!
In JavaScript, these two code snippets are not equivalent:
Binding methods helps ensure that the second snippet works the same way as the first one.
With React, typically you only need to bind the methods you pass to other components. For example,
<button onClick={this.handleClick}>
passes this.handleClick
so you want to bind it.
However, it is unnecessary to bind the render
method or the lifecycle methods: we don't pass them to
other components.
This post by Yehuda Katz explains what binding is, and how functions work in JavaScript, in detail.
Make sure you aren't calling the function when you pass it to the component:
render() {
// Wrong: handleClick is called instead of passed as a reference!
return <button onClick={this.handleClick()}>Click Me</button>
}
Instead, pass the function itself (without parens):
render() {
// Correct: handleClick is passed as a reference!
return <button onClick={this.handleClick}>Click Me</button>
}
You can use an arrow function to wrap around an event handler and pass parameters:
<button onClick={() => this.handleClick(id)} />
This is equivalent to calling .bind
:
<button onClick={this.handleClick.bind(this, id)} />
const A = 65 // ASCII character code
class Alphabet extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
justClicked: null,
letters: Array.from({length: 26}, (_, i) => String.fromCharCode(A + i))
};
}
handleClick(letter) {
this.setState({ justClicked: letter });
}
render() {
return (

Just clicked: {this.state.justClicked}

{this.state.letters.map(letter =>

 this.handleClick(letter)}>
{letter}

)}

)
}
}
Alternately, you can use DOM APIs to store data needed for event handlers. Consider this approach if you need to optimize a large number of elements or have a render tree that relies on React.PureComponent equality checks.
const A = 65 // ASCII character code
class Alphabet extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.handleClick = this.handleClick.bind(this);
this.state = {
justClicked: null,
letters: Array.from({length: 26}, (_, i) => String.fromCharCode(A + i))
};
}
handleClick(e) {
this.setState({
justClicked: e.target.dataset.letter
});
}
render() {
return (

Just clicked: {this.state.justClicked}

{this.state.letters.map(letter =>

{letter}

)}

)
}
}
If you have an event handler such as onClick
or onScroll
and want to prevent the callback from being fired too quickly, then you can limit the rate at which callback is executed. This can be done by using:
_.throttle
)_.debounce
)requestAnimationFrame
throttling: sample changes based on requestAnimationFrame
(eg raf-schd
)See this visualization for a comparison of throttle
and debounce
functions.
Note:
_.debounce
,_.throttle
andraf-schd
provide acancel
method to cancel delayed callbacks. You should either call this method fromcomponentWillUnmount
or check to ensure that the component is still mounted within the delayed function.
Throttling prevents a function from being called more than once in a given window of time. The example below throttles a "click" handler to prevent calling it more than once per second.
import throttle from 'lodash.throttle';
class LoadMoreButton extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.handleClick = this.handleClick.bind(this);
this.handleClickThrottled = throttle(this.handleClick, 1000);
}
componentWillUnmount() {
this.handleClickThrottled.cancel();
}
render() {
return <button onClick={this.handleClickThrottled}>Load More</button>;
}
handleClick() {
this.props.loadMore();
}
}
Debouncing ensures that a function will not be executed until after a certain amount of time has passed since it was last called. This can be useful when you have to perform some expensive calculation in response to an event that might dispatch rapidly (eg scroll or keyboard events). The example below debounces text input with a 250ms delay.
import debounce from 'lodash.debounce';
class Searchbox extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.handleChange = this.handleChange.bind(this);
this.emitChangeDebounced = debounce(this.emitChange, 250);
}
componentWillUnmount() {
this.emitChangeDebounced.cancel();
}
render() {
return (
<input
type="text"
onChange={this.handleChange}
placeholder="Search..."
defaultValue={this.props.value}
/>
);
}
handleChange(e) {
this.emitChangeDebounced(e.target.value);
}
emitChange(value) {
this.props.onChange(value);
}
}
requestAnimationFrame
throttlingrequestAnimationFrame
is a way of queuing a function to be executed in the browser at the optimal time for rendering performance. A function that is queued with requestAnimationFrame
will fire in the next frame. The browser will work hard to ensure that there are 60 frames per second (60 fps). However, if the browser is unable to it will naturally limit the amount of frames in a second. For example, a device might only be able to handle 30 fps and so you will only get 30 frames in that second. Using requestAnimationFrame
for throttling is a useful technique in that it prevents you from doing more than 60 updates in a second. If you are doing 100 updates in a second this creates additional work for the browser that the user will not see anyway.
Note:
Using this technique will only capture the last published value in a frame. You can see an example of how this optimization works on
MDN
import rafSchedule from 'raf-schd';
class ScrollListener extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.handleScroll = this.handleScroll.bind(this);
// Create a new function to schedule updates.
this.scheduleUpdate = rafSchedule(
point => this.props.onScroll(point)
);
}
handleScroll(e) {
// When we receive a scroll event, schedule an update.
// If we receive many updates within a frame, we'll only publish the latest value.
this.scheduleUpdate({ x: e.clientX, y: e.clientY });
}
componentWillUnmount() {
// Cancel any pending updates since we're unmounting.
this.scheduleUpdate.cancel();
}
render() {
return (

);
}
}
When testing your rate limiting code works correctly it is helpful to have the ability to fast forward time. If you are using jest
then you can use mock timers
to fast forward time. If you are using requestAnimationFrame
throttling then you may find raf-stub
to be a useful tool to control the ticking of animation frames.


---
layout: post
title: What If Gmail Had Been Designed by Microsoft?
date: '2007-11-21T07:17:35+00:00'
tags: []
tumblr_url: http://backlog.robbevan.com/post/19899190/what-if-gmail-had-been-designed-by-microsoft
---
What If Gmail Had Been Designed by Microsoft?


Demo page illustrating building SASS, JS, Fonts, Background Images and Inline Images.
Documentation avaialable on the official GitHub Repository.Demo page illustrating building SASS, JS, Fonts, Background Images and Inline Images.
Documentation avaialable on the official GitHub Repository.


This changelog tracks the general events of the v1.0 branch of the pg-python project.
pg-python marks a significant deviation from the original PL/Py direction.
- Python 3 only
- Functions [are] Modules; entry point based code execution
- PEP-302 __loader__’s are used to support tracebacks
- Uses SPI with some extensions
- Gets rid of the attempt at a rather confusing abstract Call type
- Improved Database Access interface (some consistency with py-postgresql)
- Internal Subtransactions are tracked and ensured complete on handler exit
- Improved native typing: arrays, composites, composite arrays.
- Removed HeapTuple interface type in favor of DatumTuples/Postgres.types.record
- PGXS based build
- Drops support for 8.0, 8.1, and 8.2 (the latter was never released or tagged)
- Default language name is now “python”.
- Implement interrupt support


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Bakkt Set to Smash Bitcoin Trading Volume Record in November
by Marie HuilletBitcoin (BTC) futures trading on the Intercontinental Exchange Bakkt platform is seeing a considerable rise in average daily volume so far this month compared to September and most of October.
Volumes yesterday, Nov. 5, hit close to their all-time-high — with 1061 traded contracts worth $10 million, a 96% increase over the previous day.
According to tracking data compiled by Twitter account Bakkt Volume Bot (@BakktBot) — which is not affiliated with Bakkt but rather with a Dutch journalist and crypto author Gert-Jan Lasterie — the platform had posted its all-time-high for traded contracts on Oct. 25.
November on course to smash October volumes
At the current pace, Bakkt should trade over $200 million in BTC futures contracts in November.
Bakkt Volume Bot’s data reveals that as of late October, Bitcoin futures trading has been significantly and consistently higher than during the first month of the platform’s launch.
Source: @BakktBot
BTC/USD chart, Oct. 23-Nov. 6 2019. Source: Coin360
When compared to data on the Bitcoin spot markets, this strong uptick in Bakkt volume appears to correspond to a period of volatility kicking off — with Bitcoin falling below $7,500 and rapidly soaring to over $10,400 in late October, before settling closer to the $9,300 range in recent days.
Catch-up
Notwithstanding the more robust volume posted on Bakkt, volumes are still a considerable way off from the almost $970 million in daily traded volume currently on the Binance Futures platform.
As previously reported, Bakkt’s much-anticipated contracts — the first of their kind to be physically settled in Bitcoin — went live on Sept. 22.
The platform’s underwhelming volumes in its first week were immediately unfavorably compared to the fiat-settled BTC futures on CME, which first launched back in December 2017.


Sir Paul McCartney among stars helping Jerry Donahue
British "rock royalty" have rallied to help a highly respected American guitarist who is struggling financially after suffering a stroke.
Sir Paul McCartney, Led Zeppelin, Eric Clapton, David Gilmour and Jeff Lynne are among 23 stars to sign a guitar to be sold at auction.
Money raised will help Jerry Donahue, who played with the folk-rock bands Fairport Convention and Fotheringay.
The guitar is due to go under the hammer on 11 December in Wiltshire.
The guitar - a signature Jerry Donahue Telecaster - is expected to sell for in the region of between £10,000 and £20,000.
Other big names on the guitar include The Who's Pete Townshend, Black Sabbath's Tony Iommi, Dire Straits's Mark Knopfler and The Beach Boys' Brian Wilson.
Mr Donahue suffered a severe stroke in 2016 and has not been able to play guitar since.
Dave Pegg, bass player with Fairport Convention and one of the leaders of the fundraising drive, said the stars had come together out of "respect for Jerry".
"They recognise he's one of the greatest guitarists in the world with a unique style," he said.
"No one else could do the multiple string bends, which is why guitar legends like Eric Clapton and Jimmy Page admire him so much.
Since his stroke, Mr Donahue, who lives in Los Angeles, has lost the use of the right side of his body, including his hand.
He also has problems with both speech and mobility.
Luke Hobbs, auctioneer at Gardiner Houlgate in Wiltshire, said: "This guitar has been signed by rock royalty.
"It's like a Who's Who of the greatest musicians the UK has ever produced."


The Aquamarine depicts courage, creativity, health, perception and hope. It is also associated with awareness and spiritual energy. Aquamarine is the planetary gemstone for the zodiac sign of Pisces.


Website Update!
Welcome to my new website theme!
I was in the mood for a different layout from the one that I had before - something a little prettier. This is definitley closer to what I want, but I’ll still be making some edits over the next couple days to the home page so that it isn’t just a list of posts.
Stay tuned for project updates and this week’s Paper of the Week!


L&C Grounds Company understands the importance of keeping your commercial property clean, attractive, and well maintained to make a good first impression for your customers. We offer these commercial services in a dependable, efficient, and high-quality manner helping our clients achieve their goals.
Making a good first impression is critical to catching the eye of new customers and keeping them as repeat customers. Our team believes that this starts with top notch curb appeal from the property entrance through the exterior. The property is cleared of debris, free of trash and any additional small dirt partials. We are available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year to meet your service needs. Contact us to set up an appointment to see how we can exceed your expectations.
In addition to ensuring that your lot is clean and free of debris, we provide practical and affordable landscape management services to light up your property and keep it looking presentable throughout the year.
We offer these landscape maintenance services:
Contact us today to set up an appointment to discover how L&C Grounds Company will create a custom landscape plan to address your property’s specific needs.
L&C Grounds Company offers comprehensive Snow & Ice Management services catered toward meeting your specific winter maintenance requirements. Get ahead of the storm by contacting our team today to begin planning the most effective and efficient way of caring for your property during the winter months.


Santos forward Marinho performs VAR celebration after scoring – video
by Esporte InterativoSantos' Marinho celebrated a long-range strike against Botafogo by imitating the referee making a VAR decision. The player could be seen miming the VAR signal, holding his hand to his ear, and pretending to listen through an earpiece before pointing to the centre circle to award the goal. The game finished 4-1 to Santos


The hadoop-aliyun module provides support for Aliyun integration with Aliyun Object Storage Service (Aliyun OSS). The generated JAR file, hadoop-aliyun.jar also declares a transitive dependency on all external artifacts which are needed for this support — enabling downstream applications to easily use this support.
To make it part of Apache Hadoop’s default classpath, simply make sure that HADOOP_OPTIONAL_TOOLS in hadoop-env.sh has ‘hadoop-aliyun’ in the list.
Aliyun OSS is an example of “an object store”. In order to achieve scalability and especially high availability, Aliyun OSS has relaxed some of the constraints which classic “POSIX” filesystems promise.
Specifically
Features of Hadoop relying on this can have unexpected behaviour. E.g. the AggregatedLogDeletionService of YARN will not remove the appropriate log files.
Your Aliyun credentials not only pay for services, they offer read and write access to the data. Anyone with the account can not only read your datasets — they can delete them.
Do not inadvertently share these credentials through means such as 1. Checking in to SCM any configuration files containing the secrets. 2. Logging them to a console, as they invariably end up being seen. 3. Defining filesystem URIs with the credentials in the URL, such as oss://accessKeyId:accessKeySecret@directory/file. They will end up in logs and error messages. 4. Including the secrets in bug reports.
If you do any of these: change your credentials immediately!
Specifically: on Aliyun E-MapReduce, oss:// is also supported but with a different implementation. If you are using Aliyun E-MapReduce, follow these instructions —and be aware that all issues related to Aliyun OSS integration in E-MapReduce can only be addressed by Aliyun themselves: please raise your issues with them.
<property> <name>fs.oss.accessKeyId</name> <description>Aliyun access key ID</description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.accessKeySecret</name> <description>Aliyun access key secret</description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.credentials.provider</name> <description> Class name of a credentials provider that implements com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProvider. Omit if using access/secret keys or another authentication mechanism. The specified class must provide an accessible constructor accepting java.net.URI and org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration, or an accessible default constructor. </description> </property>
<property> <name>fs.oss.endpoint</name> <description>Aliyun OSS endpoint to connect to. An up-to-date list is provided in the Aliyun OSS Documentation. </description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.proxy.host</name> <description>Hostname of the (optinal) proxy server for Aliyun OSS connection</description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.proxy.port</name> <description>Proxy server port</description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.proxy.username</name> <description>Username for authenticating with proxy server</description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.proxy.password</name> <description>Password for authenticating with proxy server.</description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.proxy.domain</name> <description>Domain for authenticating with proxy server.</description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.proxy.workstation</name> <description>Workstation for authenticating with proxy server.</description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.attempts.maximum</name> <value>20</value> <description>How many times we should retry commands on transient errors.</description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.connection.establish.timeout</name> <value>50000</value> <description>Connection setup timeout in milliseconds.</description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.connection.timeout</name> <value>200000</value> <description>Socket connection timeout in milliseconds.</description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.paging.maximum</name> <value>1000</value> <description>How many keys to request from Aliyun OSS when doing directory listings at a time. </description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.multipart.upload.size</name> <value>10485760</value> <description>Size of each of multipart pieces in bytes.</description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.multipart.upload.threshold</name> <value>20971520</value> <description>Minimum size in bytes before we start a multipart uploads or copy.</description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.multipart.download.size</name> <value>102400/value> <description>Size in bytes in each request from ALiyun OSS.</description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.buffer.dir</name> <description>Comma separated list of directories to buffer OSS data before uploading to Aliyun OSS</description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.acl.default</name> <value></vaule> <description>Set a canned ACL for bucket. Value may be private, public-read, public-read-write. </description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.server-side-encryption-algorithm</name> <value></vaule> <description>Specify a server-side encryption algorithm for oss: file system. Unset by default, and the only other currently allowable value is AES256. </description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.connection.maximum</name> <value>32</value> <description>Number of simultaneous connections to oss.</description> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.connection.secure.enabled</name> <value>true</value> <description>Connect to oss over ssl or not, true by default.</description> </property>
To test oss:// filesystem client, two files which pass in authentication details to the test runner are needed.
Those two configuration files must be put into hadoop-tools/hadoop-aliyun/src/test/resources.
This file pre-exists and sources the configurations created in auth-keys.xml.
For most cases, no modification is needed, unless a specific, non-default property needs to be set during the testing.
This file triggers the testing of Aliyun OSS module. Without this file, none of the tests in this module will be executed
It contains the access key Id/secret and proxy information that are needed to connect to Aliyun OSS, and an OSS bucket URL should be also provided.
The contents of the bucket will be cleaned during the testing process, so do not use the bucket for any purpose other than testing.
Create file contract-test-options.xml under /test/resources. If a specific file fs.contract.test.fs.oss test path is not defined, those tests will be skipped. Credentials are also needed to run any of those tests, they can be copied from auth-keys.xml or through direct XInclude inclusion. Here is an example of contract-test-options.xml:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?> <configuration> <include xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="auth-keys.xml"/> <property> <name>fs.contract.test.fs.oss</name> <value>oss://spark-tests</value> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.impl</name> <value>org.apache.hadoop.fs.aliyun.oss.AliyunOSSFileSystem</value> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.endpoint</name> <value>oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com</value> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.buffer.dir</name> <value>/tmp/oss</value> </property> <property> <name>fs.oss.multipart.download.size</name> <value>102400</value> </property> </configuration>


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LaLiga Icon Issues Real Madrid's Vinicius A Public Apology
by Kurt BuckerfieldAfter comments he made about Real Madrid wonderkid Vinicius Junior recently made headlines, a LaLiga veteran has now issued a public apology to the Brazilian starlet.
9 Stars Who Were Stripped Of The Captain's Armband
Los Blancos were held to a 0-0 draw by Real Betis at the Santiago Bernabeu last weekend, in a game that did not have many highlights.
Betis legend Joaquin, however, made headlines when he was spotted criticising Vinicius on the touchline after the Selecao teenager missed a chance to score for the home side.
The 19-year-old had carried the ball into the Betis box but was unable to find the finish, to which Joaquin, who was warming up on the sideline, reacted by saying "this is very bad", which was caught on camera.
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Now, a few days later, the 38-year-old has come out to publicly express his regret, admitting he wishes he had not said what he did.
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Vinicius, who has struggled for a place in Real's starting XI of late, has contributed to just two goals in 10 matches so far this season.


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Functions Used in the GMAT API¶
The GMAT API provides several functions that simplify GMAT use from Java and Python. GMAT’s user classes include member functions, called methods, that provide interfaces into GMAT objects that help simplify calls into the GMAT objects. These features of the API are described in this chapter. Script users may also want to refer to the Script Usage chapter for information about functions tailored to running GMAT scripts through the API.
General API Functions¶
API specific code in can be broken into three blocks: General API functions used to interact with the system, functions specific to driving GMAT using script files, and methods that are implemented on the GMAT classes to simplify object interactions using the API.
Function |
Example |
Return Value |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Help |
gmat.Help(“MySat”) |
string |
Returns help for the input item |
Setup |
gmat.Setup(“StartFile.txt”) |
void |
Initializes the GMAT system with a custom startup file |
Initialize |
gmat.Initialize() |
none |
Sets up interconnections between objects and reports on missing pieces |
ShowObjects |
gmat.ShowObjects() |
string |
Lists the configured objects |
ShowClasses |
gmat.ShowClasses(“Burn”) |
string |
Lists the classes available of a given type |
Construct |
|
object |
Creates an instance of a class with a given name and adds it to the GMAT configuration |
Copy |
gmat.Copy(sat, “Sat2”) |
Creates a new object using the settings on an existing object |
|
GetObject |
gmat.GetObject(“Sat”) |
object |
Retrieves an object from the configuration |
GMAT Object Methods¶
GMAT’s user classes have been updated with member functions (or methods) that facilitate use for the objects by API users. These methods are shown in Table 8.
Function |
Example |
Return Value |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Help |
Sat.Help() |
string |
Retrieves help for an object |
SetField |
Sat.SetField(“X”,0.0) |
bool |
Sets a field on an object |
GetField |
Sat.GetField(“X”) |
string |
Retrieves the setting for a field as a string |
GetNumber |
Sat.GetNumber(“X”) |
double |
Retrieves the setting for numerical field |


New ride share pilot program aimed at children opens in Boca Raton
by WFTX Digital TeamBOCA RATON, Fla. — Just like Lyft and Uber, there is a new ride-sharing service aimed at children.
The service is called 'Zum,' and its focus is children ages five and up.
While the service is not set up in southwest Florida, it is being tested out in Boca Raton.
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• I'm currently working on my Ph.D. in Computational Science under the supervision of Prof. dr. Peter Sloot and Prof. dr. Alfons Hoekstra at the University of Amsterdam.
• M.Sc. (2012) in Theoretical Physics supervised by Dr. Antonino Di-Piazza from the Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics and the University of Heidelberg.
• B.Sc. (2006, cum laude) in Physics and Astronomy from Tel-Aviv University.
• For a short time I was a back-end python developer at TravelBird.
• I worked at S-DH GmbH for two years during my Masters as a physicist and programmer.
• I was a teaching assistant at the Hebrew University for the courses: Classical Mechanics, Analytical Electrodynamics and The Standard Model of Elementary Particles (Graduate course).
• I was a communications sergeant and programmer in the IDF.
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• Hebrew is my mother tongue.
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