|
Hephaestus
0.0.4
|
Provides basic functionality used across the vulkan core. More...
#include "hp/logging.hpp"
#include <vulkan/vulkan.hpp>
#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
#include "GLFW/glfw3.h"
#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
Go to the source code of this file.
Namespaces | |
| hp | |
| hp::vk | |
Macros | |
| #define | __HEPHAESTUS_VK_HPP |
This macro is defined if vk.hpp has been included. More... | |
Functions | |
| ::vk::Result | hp::vk::handle_res (::vk::Result res, hp::code_location loc) |
| Handle the results returned by vulkan functions, and log it if an error had occurred. More... | |
| void | hp::vk::init_vk () |
| Initialize vulkan. More... | |
| void | hp::vk::quit_vk () |
| Destroy allocated objects by vulkan. More... | |
Variables | |
| const ::vk::MemoryPropertyFlags | hp::vk::memory_local |
| Vulkan memory property flag specifying that memory should be allocated in a place quickly accessible by GPU. More... | |
| const ::vk::MemoryPropertyFlags | hp::vk::memory_host |
| Vulkan memory property flag specifying that memory should be allocated in a place that is synchronized and writable by CPU. More... | |
| const ::vk::BufferUsageFlags | hp::vk::vertex_usage |
| Vulkan buffer usage flag specifying the buffer for usage as a vertex_buffer (VBO) written to using a staging buffer. More... | |
| const ::vk::BufferUsageFlags | hp::vk::index_usage |
| Vulkan buffer usage flag specifying the buffer for usage as a index buffer (IBO) written to using a staging buffer. More... | |
| const ::vk::BufferUsageFlags | hp::vk::vertex_direct_usage |
| Vulkan buffer usage flag specifying the buffer for usage as a vertex buffer (VBO) written to directly from CPU. More... | |
| const ::vk::BufferUsageFlags | hp::vk::index_direct_usage |
| Vulkan buffer usage flag specifying the buffer for usage as a index buffer (IBO) written to directly from CPU. More... | |
| const ::vk::BufferUsageFlags | hp::vk::staging_usage |
| Vulkan buffer usage flag specifying the buffer for usage as a staging buffer written to directly from the CPU. More... | |
| const ::vk::BufferUsageFlags | hp::vk::vertex_and_index_usage |
| Vulkan buffer usage flag specifying the buffer for usage as a vertex buffer (VBO) OR index buffer (IBO) written to using a staging buffer. More... | |
| const ::vk::BufferUsageFlags | hp::vk::vertex_and_index_direct_usage |
| Vulkan buffer usage flag specifying the buffer for usage as a vertex buffer (VBO) OR index buffer (IBO) written to directly from the CPU. More... | |
Provides basic functionality used across the vulkan core.
Definition in file vk.hpp.


I’ve put together a little post to introduce you to the HMFAYSAL OMEGA theme and get you started with Markdown. Go ahead and edit this post to get going and learn how it all works!
Elements
ELEMENTS
Writing in markdown is really easy. In any editor like notepad, you simply write as you normally would. Where appropriate, you can use formatting shortcuts to style your content.
LISTS
For example, a list:
- Item number one
- Item number two
- A nested item
- A final item
or with numbers!
- Remember to buy some milk
- Drink the milk
- Tweet that I remembered to buy the milk, and drank it
LINKS
Want to link to a source? No problem. If you put the url in this format, like [http://alum.mit.edu/www/hmfaysal](http://alum.mit.edu/www/hmfaysal)
- it’ll automatically be linked up like http://alum.mit.edu/www/hmfaysal. But if you want to customize your anchor text, you can do that too! Here’s a link to the my website. Neat.
WHAT ABOUT IMAGES?
Images work too! And they are responsive! Already know the URL of the image you want to include in your article? Images are responsive and uses lightbox.
Check out this post to learn about including images in your post.
AND VIDEOS?
Video embeds are responsive and scale with the width of the main content block with the help of FitVids.
EQUATIONS
Are you an engineer? Or a mathematician? Want to post some equations in your Jekyll blog for the world to see? No problem. HMFAYSAL OMEGA has MathJax built in to beautifully render your equations in the browser. To use MathJax simply turn on the MathJax feature by declaring in the Front YAML Matter like mathjax: true
, then wrapping your equation between $$...$$
will produce something like this:
THE LOGO
Not sure which image you want to use yet? That’s ok too. Leave yourself a descriptive placeholder and keep writing. Come back later and change the image in the _config.yml.
ICONS
This theme includes over 360 fontawesome icons. To use an icon go to Fontawesome website and click on the desired icon to find the appropriate tag.
QUOTING
Sometimes a link isn’t enough, you want to quote someone on what they’ve said. It was probably very wisdomous. Is wisdomous a word? Find out in a future release when I introduce spellcheck! For now - it’s definitely a word.
Wisdomous - it’s definitely a word. Hossain Mohd Faysal
WORKING WITH CODE
Got a streak of geek? We’ve got you covered there, too. You can write inline <code>
blocks really easily with back ticks. Want to show off something more comprehensive? 4 spaces of indentation gets you there.
Learn more about syntax highlighting in this post.
READY FOR A BREAK?
Throw 4 or more dashes down on any new line and you’ve got yourself a fancy new divider. Aw yeah.
FANCY SOME COLUMNS?
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed rutrum velit quis magna iaculis lacinia. Aenean sed nisi condimentum, placerat eros sit amet, lacinia purus. Ut sed euismod mauris. Morbi vitae diam quis diam egestas scelerisque a a ipsum.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed rutrum velit quis magna iaculis lacinia. Aenean sed nisi condimentum, placerat eros sit amet, lacinia purus. Ut sed euismod mauris. Morbi vitae diam quis diam egestas scelerisque a a ipsum.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed rutrum velit quis magna iaculis lacinia. Aenean sed nisi condimentum, placerat eros sit amet, lacinia purus. Ut sed euismod mauris. Morbi vitae diam quis diam egestas scelerisque a a ipsum.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed rutrum velit quis magna iaculis lacinia. Aenean sed nisi condimentum, placerat eros sit amet, lacinia purus. Ut sed euismod mauris. Morbi vitae diam quis diam egestas scelerisque a a ipsum.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed rutrum velit quis magna iaculis lacinia. Aenean sed nisi condimentum, placerat eros sit amet, lacinia purus. Ut sed euismod mauris. Morbi vitae diam quis diam egestas scelerisque a a ipsum.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed rutrum velit quis magna iaculis lacinia. Aenean sed nisi condimentum, placerat eros sit amet, lacinia purus. Ut sed euismod mauris. Morbi vitae diam quis diam egestas scelerisque a a ipsum.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed rutrum velit quis magna iaculis lacinia. Aenean sed nisi condimentum, placerat eros sit amet, lacinia purus. Ut sed euismod mauris. Morbi vitae diam quis diam egestas scelerisque a a ipsum.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed rutrum velit quis magna iaculis lacinia. Aenean sed nisi condimentum, placerat eros sit amet, lacinia purus. Ut sed euismod mauris. Morbi vitae diam quis diam egestas scelerisque a a ipsum.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed rutrum velit quis magna iaculis lacinia. Aenean sed nisi condimentum, placerat eros sit amet, lacinia purus. Ut sed euismod mauris. Morbi vitae diam quis diam egestas scelerisque a a ipsum.
For more column combinations, visit this post.
BUTTONS
ADVANCED USAGE
There’s one fantastic secret about Markdown. If you want, you can write plain old HTML and it’ll still work! Very flexible.
 Have fun - and let me know what you think @hmfaysal or at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>:)


To add parkings to your page Add parkings: {% for parking in everyParks %} {{parking.name}} {% endfor %}


Notebooks
Story: |u' ||ke' in food
|u' ||ke' in food
Title
|u' ||ke' in food
Collection
Summary
The man who is cleansing himself (performing a purification ritual, or |koa) puts some |u' ||ke (from the |u' ||ke' plant) into the |kui food he has cooked on the fire. He scrapes a little into the food. After eating it he lies down. The |u' ||ke' plant intoxicates people.
Comments
1) See also The |u' ||ke' or Tshaka, 2) 9920v: !nanni heard this from his paternal grandfather (Karu), 2) This story is found in Book XI & XII-11
Contributors
Date
August 1881
Categories
Plants and animals, Custom and daily life
Keywords
plant (|u' ||ke') , plant (|u' ||ke' in food) , plant (used in purification, or |koa) , plant (!kun names of) , plant (|u' ||ke' intoxicates people) , |u' ||ke' (plant) , |u' ||ke' (in food) , |u' ||ke' (its properties) , |u' ||ke' (in food) , |u' ||ke' (used for cleansing preparation) , |u' ||ke' (and the purification ritual) , |u' ||ke' (is put into the cleansing food, or |kui) , |u' ||ke' (intoxicates people) , |u' ||ke' (the man lies down after eating) , |u' ||ke' (a little is scraped into the |kui after cooking) , food (|u' ||ke' in food) , food (cleansing) , food (which is prepared for purification) , food (|u' ||ke' is put into the |kui) , food (called |kui) , purification (|u' ||ke' in food) , purification (or |koa) , purification (the cleansing ritual and preparation of the cleansing food) , purification (and the |u' ||ke' plant) , purification (and |kui) , name (of a plant used in cleansing) , name (|u' ||ke' in food) , name (of cleansing ceremony, |koa) , name (of cleansing food, |kui) , intoxicate (|u' ||ke' plant intoxicates people)
Story Pages
9921


Clue 9
So you reached this far, how wonderful!
Well then I wonder if you can pass this!
Social Conclave the flagship of Social Impact has had a lot of special guests over the years
But tell me this, out of the following guests from our previous conclave, which one of these was the star performer?
Sucheta Dalal
Jamandas 'JD' Majethia
Anuparia Goenka
Vivek Oberoi
Anuv Jain
Pankaja Munde
NOW! Prove to me that you are worthy of winning!
hint: feel free to check out the social conclave instagram page
Your Answer
Submit


from pepper.framework import *
from pepper.language import Utterance
from .responder import Responder, ResponderType
from pepper.knowledge import animations, sentences
from typing import Optional, Union, Tuple, Callable
from random import choice, random
[docs]class UnknownResponder(Responder):
ELOQUENCE = sentences.ELOQUENCE
HEARD = ["I think you said", "I heard", "I picked up", "I'm guessing you told me"]
NOT_UNDERSTAND = ["I don't know what it means", "I don't understand it", "I couldn't parse it",
"I have no idea about it", "I have no clue", "this goes above my robot-skills",
"I find this quite difficult to understand", "It doesn't ring any bells"]
@property
def type(self):
return ResponderType.Unknown
@property
def requirements(self):
return [TextToSpeechComponent]
[docs] def respond(self, utterance, app):
# type: (Utterance, Union[TextToSpeechComponent]) -> Optional[Tuple[float, Callable]]
if len(utterance.tokens) < 10 and random() > 0.8:
return 1, lambda: app.say(choice(self.ELOQUENCE), animation=choice([animations.COOL, animations.COGITATE]))
else:
return 1, lambda: app.say(
"{}: {}, but {}!".format(choice(self.HEARD), utterance.transcript, choice(self.NOT_UNDERSTAND)),
choice([animations.NOT_KNOW,animations.UNFAMILIAR, animations.UNCOMFORTABLE, animations.SHAMEFACED]))


There are many breeds of dogs. Each breed varies in size and temperament. Owners often select a breed of dog that they find to be compatible with their own lifestyle and desires from a companion.
A dog is a type of domesticated animal. Known for its loyalty and faithfulness, it can be found as a welcome guest in many households across the world.
There are many breeds of dogs. Each breed varies in size and temperament. Owners often select a breed of dog that they find to be compatible with their own lifestyle and desires from a companion.
Three common ways for a prospective owner to acquire a dog is from pet shops, private owners, or shelters.
A pet shop may be the most convenient way to buy a dog. Buying a dog from a private owner allows you to assess the pedigree and upbringing of your dog before choosing to take it home. Lastly, finding your dog from a shelter, helps give a good home to a dog who may not find one so readily.


slideshow
You can choose between 20 different animations for the slideshow.
In the example below, transitions are automatically triggered every 5 seconds.
You can also go from one image to the other by swiping your finger over the slideshow.


class Factory
Methods
| void |
__construct(TranslatorInterface $translator, Container $container = null)
Create a new Validator factory instance. |
|
| Validator |
make(array $data, array $rules, array $messages = array(), array $customAttributes = array())
Create a new Validator instance. |
|
| void |
extend(string $rule, Closure|string $extension, string $message = null)
Register a custom validator extension. |
|
| void |
extendImplicit(string $rule, Closure $extension, string $message = null)
Register a custom implicit validator extension. |
|
| void |
resolver(Closure $resolver)
Set the Validator instance resolver. |
|
| TranslatorInterface |
getTranslator()
Get the Translator implementation. |
|
| PresenceVerifierInterface |
getPresenceVerifier()
Get the Presence Verifier implementation. |
|
| void |
setPresenceVerifier(PresenceVerifierInterface $presenceVerifier)
Set the Presence Verifier implementation. |
Details
at line 65
public void
__construct(TranslatorInterface $translator, Container $container = null)
Create a new Validator factory instance.
at line 79
public Validator
make(array $data, array $rules, array $messages = array(), array $customAttributes = array())
Create a new Validator instance.
at line 152
public void
extend(string $rule, Closure|string $extension, string $message = null)
Register a custom validator extension.
at line 167
public void
extendImplicit(string $rule, Closure $extension, string $message = null)
Register a custom implicit validator extension.
at line 180
public void
resolver(Closure $resolver)
Set the Validator instance resolver.
at line 190
public TranslatorInterface
getTranslator()
Get the Translator implementation.
at line 200
public PresenceVerifierInterface
getPresenceVerifier()
Get the Presence Verifier implementation.
at line 211
public void
setPresenceVerifier(PresenceVerifierInterface $presenceVerifier)
Set the Presence Verifier implementation.


I played another game of squash with Martin yesterday. Last week, I got the better of the encounter. This week, he wiped the floor with me.
Am very much looking forward to a rematch.
--- layout: post title: "Squashed!" date: 2008-09-26 comments: false ---


Graph Neural Operator for PDEs
The blog takes about 10 minutes to read. It introduces our recent work that uses graph neural networks to learn mappings between function spaces and solve partial differential equations. You can also check out the paper and code for more formal derivations.
Introduction
Scientific computations are expensive. It could take days and months for numerical solvers to simulate fluid dynamics and many-body motions. Because to achieve good accuracy, the numerical solvers need to discretize the space and time into very fine grids and solve a great number of equations on the grids. Recently, people are developing data-driven methods based on machine learning techniques such as deep learning. Instead of directly solving the problems, data-driven solvers learn from the data of the problems and solutions. When querying new problems, data-driven solvers can directly give predictions based on the data. Since they don’t need to discretize the space into very small pieces and solve all these equations, these data-driven solvers are usually much faster compared to traditional numerical solvers,
However, data-driven solvers are subject to the quality of the data given. If the training data is not good enough, they can’t make good predictions. In scientific computing, usually, the training data are generated by the traditional numerical solvers. And to generate good enough data, it still takes days and months for these numerical solvers. Sometime, data are observed from experiments and there are just no good training data. Especially, people consider neural networks as interpolators which may not be able to extrapolate. It is unclear whether neural networks can generalize to unseen data. So if the training data are of one resolution, the learned solvers can only solve the problem in this specific resolution. In general, generalization is a crucial problem in machine learning. It becomes a trade-off: these machine learning based methods make evaluation easier, but the training process could be even more painful.
To dealing with this problem, we purpose operator learning. By encoding certain structures, we let the neural network learn the mapping of functions and generalize among different resolutions. As a result, we can first use a numerical method generated some less-accurate, low-resolution data, but the learned solver is still able to give reasonable, high-resolution predictions. In some sense, both training and evaluation can be pain-free.
Operator Learning
In mathematics, operators are usually referring to the mappings between function spaces. You most likely have already encountered some operators. For example, the differentiation and integration are operators. When we take the derivative or do an indefinite integration of a function, we will get another function. In other words, the differentiation and integration are mappings from function space to function space.
In scientific computing, usually the problem is to solve some form of differential equations (PDEs). Consider a general differential equation of the form:
where and are some functions on the physical domain, and is some differential operator that maps the function to the function . Usually, and are given. The task is to solve for . That is, we want to learn an operator like the inverse of that maps the function to the function . So the problem of PDE is indeed an operator learning problem.
The classical development of neural networks has been primarily for mappings between a finite-dimensional Euclidean space and a set of classes (e.g. an image vector to a label), or between two finite-dimensional Euclidean spaces (e.g. an image vector to another image vector). However, many problems in physics and math involve learning the mapping between function spaces, which poses a limitation on the classical neural network based methods. Besides all these problem governed by differential equations, we are learning operators in many common machine learning setting. For a bold example, images should be considered as functions of light defined on a continuous region, instead of as pixel vectors.
In this work, we aim to generalize neural networks so that they can learn operators, the mappings between infinite-dimensional spaces, with a special focus on PDEs.
Limitation of Fixed Discretization
PDEs are, unfortunately, hard. Instead of learning the operator, people usually discretize the physical domain and cast the problem in finite-dimensional Euclidean space. Indeed, hundred years of effort has been made to develop numerical solvers such as the finite element method and finite difference method.
Just like how we store images by pixels in .PNG and .JPG formats, we need to discretize the domain of PDEs into some grid and solve the equation on the grid. It really makes the thing easier. These traditional numerical solvers are awesome, but they have some drawbacks:
- The error scales steeply with the resolution. We need a high resolution to get good approximations.
- The computation and storage steeply scale with the resolution (i.e. the size of the grid).
- When the equation is solved on one discretization, we cannot change the discretization anymore.
.PNG and .JPG formats are good. But sometimes maybe we want to save the images as vector images in .EPS or .SVG formats, so that it can be used and displayed in any context. And for some images, the vector image format is more convenient and efficient. Similarly, we want to find the continuous version for PDEs, an operator that is invariant of discretization.
Furthermore, mathematically speaking, such continuous, discretization-invariant format is in some sense, closer to the real, analytic solution. It has an important mathematical meaning. Bear the motivation in mind. Let’s develop a rigorous formulation.
Problem Setting
Let’s be more concrete. Consider the standard second order elliptic PDE
for some bounded, open domain and a fixed source function . This equation is prototypical of PDEs arising in numerous applications including hydrology and elasticity. For a given function , the equation has a unique weak solution and therefore we can define the solution operator as the map from function to function .
Our goal is to learn a operator approximating ,
by using a finite collection of observations of input-output pairs
, where each and are functions on .
In practice, the training data is solved numerically or observed in experiments.
In other words, functions and come with discretization.
Let be a -point discretization of the domain
and assume we have observations , for a finite
collection of input-output pairs indexed by .
We will show how to learn a discretization-invariant mapping based on discretized data.
Kernel Formulation
For a general PDE of the form:
Under fairly general conditions on , we may define the Green’s function as the unique solution to the problem
where is the delta measure on centered at . Note that will depend on the coefficient thus we will henceforth denote it as . Then operator can be written as an integral operator of green function:
Generally the Green’s function is continuous at points , for example, when is uniformly elliptic. Hence it is natural to model the kernel via a neural network . Just as the Green function, the kernel network takes input . Since the kernel depends on , we let also take input .
As an Iterative Solver
In our setting, is an unknown but fixed function. Instead of doing the kernel convolution with , we will formulate it as an iterative solver that approximated by , where is the time step.
The algorithm starts from an initialization , for which we use . At each time step , it updates by an kernel convolution of .
It works like an implicit iteration. At each iteration the algorithm solves an equation of and by the kernel integral. will be output as the final prediction.
To further take the advantage of neural networks, we will lift to a high dimensional representation , with the dimension of the hidden representation.
The overall algorithmic framework follow:
where and are two feed-forward neural networks that lifts the initialization to hidden representation and projects the representation back to the solution , respective. is an activation function such as ReLU. the additional term is a linear transformation that acts on $v$. Notice, since the kernel integration happens in the high dimensional representation, the output of is not a scalar, but a linear transformation .
Graph Neural Networks
To do the integration, we again need some discretization.
Assuming a uniform distribution of ,
the integral can be approximated by a sum:
Observation: the kernel integral is equivalent to the message passing on graphs
If you are similar with graph neural network, you may have already realized this formulation is the same as the aggregation of messages in graph network. Message passing graph networks comprise a standard architecture employing edge features (gilmer et al, 2017).
If we properly construct graphs on the spatial domain of the PDE, the kernel integration can be viewed as an aggregation of messages. Given node features , edge features , and a graph , the message passing neural network with averaging aggregation is
where , is the neighborhood of according to the graph, is a neural network taking as input edge features and as output a matrix in . Relating to our kernel formulation, .
Nystrom Approximation
Ideally, to use all the information available, we should construct nodes in the graph for all the points in the discretization , which will create edges. It is quite expensive. Thankfully, we don’t need all the points to get an accurate approximation. For each graph, the error of Monte Carlo approximation of the kernel integral scales with , where is the number of nodes sampled.
Since we will sample graphs in total for all training examples , the overall error of the kernel is much smaller than . In practice, sampling nodes is sufficient for points.
It is possible to further improve the approximation using more sophisticated Nystrom Approximation methods. For example, we can estimate the importance of each points, and add more nodes to the difficult and singularity areas in the PDEs.
Experiments: Poisson Equations
First let’s do a sanity check. Consider a simple poisson equation:
We set and , using one iteration of the graph kernel network to learn the operator .
poisson equation
As shown in the figure above, we compare the true analytic Green function (left) with the learned kernel (right). The learned kernel is almost the same as the true kernel, which means are neural network formulation does match the Green function expression.
poisson equation
By assuming the kernel structure, graph kernel networks need only a few training examples to learn the shape of solution . As shown in the figure above, the graph kernel network can roughly learn with training pairs, which a feedforward neural network need at least training examples.
Experiments: generalization of resolution
For the large scale experiments, we use Darcy equation of the form
and learn the operator .
To show the generalization property, we train the graph kernel network with nodes sampled from the resolution and test on another resolution .
| Resolutions | s’=61 | s’=121 | s’=241 |
|---|---|---|---|
| s=16 | 0.0717 | 0.0768 | 0.0724 |
| s=31 | 0.0726 | 0.0710 | 0.0722 |
| s=61 | 0.0687 | 0.0728 | 0.0723 |
| s=121 | 0.0687 | 0.0664 | 0.0685 |
| s=241 | 0.0649 | 0.0658 | 0.0649 |
As shown in the table above for each row, the test errors on different resolutions are about the same, which means the graph kernel network can also generalize in the semi-supervised setting. An figure for is following (where error is absolute squared error):
Experiments: Comparision of Benchmarks
Finally, we compare graph network with different benchmarks on Darcy equation in the fixed discretization setting where the resolution .
| Networks | s=85 | s’=141 | s’=211 | s’=421 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NN | 0.1716 | 0.1716 | 0.1716 | 0.1716 |
| FCN | 0.0253 | 0.0493 | 0.0727 | 0.1097 |
| PCA+NN | 0.0299 | 0.0298 | 0.0298 | 0.0299 |
| RBM | 0.0244 | 0.0251 | 0.0255 | 0.0259 |
| GKN | 0.0346 | 0.0332 | 0.0342 | 0.0369 |
-
NN is a simple point-wise feedforward neural network. It is mesh-free, but performs badly due to lack of neighbor information.
-
FCN is the state of the art neural network method based on Fully Convolution Network[ZhuandZabaras,2018]. It has a dominating performance for small grids . But fully convolution networks are mesh-dependent and therefore their error grows when moving to a larger grid. Besides the scaling of computation, one needs to work hard on parameter-tuning for each specific resolution.
-
PCA+NN is an instantiation of the methodology proposed in [Bhattacharya et al., 2020]: using PCA as an auto-encoder on both the input and output data and interpolating the latent spaces with a neural network. The method provably obtains mesh-independent error and can learn purely from data, however the solution can only be evaluated on the same mesh as the training data.
-
RBM is the classical Reduced Basis Method (using a PCA basis), which is widely used in applications and provably obtains mesh-independent error [DeVore, 2014]. It has the best performance but the solutions can only be evaluated on the same mesh as the training data and one needs knowledge of the PDE to employ it.
-
GKN stands for our graph kernel network. It enjoys competitive performance against all other methods while being able to generalize to different mesh geometries.
Conclusion
In the work we purposed to use graph networks for operator learning in PDE problems. By varying the underlying graph and discretization, the learned kernel is invariant of the discretization. Experiments confirm the graph kernel networks are able to generalize among different discretization. And in the fixed discretization setting, the graph kernel networks also have good performances compared to several benchmark.


Opening tags come before the content, while closing tags go after the content. Each set of opening tags, content, and closing tags make up an element. There are also void tags, which do not require closing tags to make up an element. Below is a list of tags that were discussed in this lesson:
b: Bold font
em: Italic font
br: Break; void tag; allows to type text on multiple lines (inline)
p: Paragraph; also allows to type text on multiple lines; requires closing tag (block)
While the br and p tags perform similar functions (both make text appear on multiple lines), there are a couple differences that are noteworthy. Unlike the p tag, the br tag does not require a closing tag. This is known as a void tag. In addition, br is inline, while p is block. Think of block text as having an imaginary box around it. This results in an extra space that a single br tag does not contain.
AttributesAttributes are properties of HTML elements. These allow for content such as links, images, and videos to show up on a webpage. Here are some examples:
anchor: represented as the letter a
image: represented as img; void tag
Attributes require an attribute name, a value, and text to show what the attribute will look like to the internet user.
Summary
I now have an understanding of how the web and coding works. I learned that programmers need to write exactly the way a computer understands and that it is difficult to remember everything. Don't be shy to ask your best friend or your cohort if you need help.


Here's the computation time required to complete each of the API endpoints on this machine:
The median delay between responses is {{median_response_delay}} seconds.
The average response rate over a {{rate_window}} second window is
{{rate_mean}} responses/sec
(windows that didn't receive a response
are ignored).
These times are recorded client-side and reported back to Salmon.
For both graphs below, each dot represents the median over 2 minutes of
model updates. More complete data is available at
[url]:8400/meta/perf/[alg_name]
Searching queries, posting queries and model updates are performed in parallel on three workers. Each worker has one task. However, the three workers are shared between all active algorithms.
The number of the queries in the database for each algorithm is limited to the number of possible queries, n*(n-1)*(n-2) / 2.
Also, algorithm ARR posts 3*n of the highest scoring queries to the database by default when n is the number of targets. The label "scored_(complete)" records this value.
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 He was too good at panning out the single grain of gold in a raging river of uselessness for me not to like him -- respect him, anyway. But then he found the cowboy trunk. It was two months' rent to me and nothing but some squirrelly alien kitsch-fetish to Craphound.
So I did the unthinkable. I violated the Code. I got into a bidding war with a buddy.
Craphound spotted the sign -- his karma, plus the goggles in his exoskeleton, gave him the advantage when we were doing 80 kmh on some stretch of back-highway in cottage country. He was riding shotgun while I drove, and we had the radio on to the CBC's summer-Saturday programming: eight weekends with eight hours of old radio dramas: "The Shadow," "Quiet Please," "Tom Mix," "The Crypt-Keeper" with Bela Lugosi. It was hour three, and Bogey was phoning in his performance on a radio adaptation of The African Queen. I had the windows of the old truck rolled down so that I could smoke without fouling Craphound's breather. My arm was hanging out the window, the radio was booming, and Craphound said "Turn around! Turn around, now, Jerry, now, turn around!"
When Craphound gets that excited, it's a sign that he's spotted a rich vein. I checked the side-mirror quickly, pounded the brakes and spun around. The transmission creaked, the wheels squealed, and then we were creeping along the way we'd come.
"There," Craphound said, gesturing with his long, skinny arm. I saw it.  I hollered, and spun the truck onto the dirt road. I gunned the engine as we cruised along the tree-lined road, trusting Craphound to spot any deer, signs, or hikers in time to avert disaster. The sky was a perfect blue and the smells of summer were all around us. I snapped off the radio and listened to the wind rushing through the truck. Ontario is beautiful in the summer.
"There!" Craphound shouted. I hit the turn-off and down-shifted and then we were back on a paved road.  The hall was lined with long, folding tables, stacked high. The mother lode!
Craphound beat me out the door, as usual. His exoskeleton is programmable, so he can record little scripts for it like: move left arm to door handle, pop it, swing legs out to running-board, jump to ground, close door, move forward. Meanwhile, I'm still making sure I've switched off the headlights and that I've got my wallet.
Two blue-haired grannies had a card-table set up out front of the hall, with a big tin pitcher of lemonade and three boxes of Tim Horton assorted donuts. That stopped us both, since we share the superstition that you always buy food from old ladies and little kids, as a sacrifice to the crap-gods. One of the old ladies poured out the lemonade while the other smiled and greeted us.
"Welcome, welcome! My, you've come a long way for us!"
"Just up from Toronto, ma'am," I said. It's an old joke, but it's also part of the ritual, and it's got to be done.
"I meant your friend, sir. This gentleman."
Craphound smiled without baring his gums and sipped his lemonade. "Of course I came, dear lady. I wouldn't miss it for the worlds!" His accent is pretty good, but when it comes to stock phrases like this, he's got so much polish you'd think he was reading the news.
The biddie blushed and giggled, and I felt faintly sick. I walked off to the tables, trying not to hurry. I chose my first spot, about halfway down, where things wouldn't be quite so picked-over. I grabbed an empty box from underneath and started putting stuff into it: four matched highball glasses with gold crossed bowling-pins and a line of black around the rim; an Expo '67 wall-hanging that wasn't even a little faded; a shoebox full of late sixties O-Pee-Chee hockey cards; a worn, wooden-handled steel cleaver that you could butcher a steer with.
I picked up my box and moved on: a deck of playing cards copyrighted '57, with the logo for the Royal Canadian Dairy, Bala Ontario printed on the backs; a fireman's cap with a brass badge so tarnished I couldn't read it; a three-story wedding-cake trophy for the 1974 Eastern Region Curling Championships. The cash-register in my mind was ringing, ringing, ringing. God bless the East Muskoka Volunteer Fire Department Ladies' Auxiliary.
I'd mined that table long enough. I moved to the other end of the hall. Time was, I'd start at the beginning and turn over each item, build one pile of maybes and another pile of definites, try to strategise. In time, I came to rely on instinct and on the fates, to whom I make my obeisances at every opportunity.
Let's hear it for the fates: a genuine collapsible top-hat; a white-tipped evening cane; a hand-carved cherry-wood walking stick; a beautiful black lace parasol; a wrought-iron lightning rod with a rooster on top; all of it in an elephant-leg umbrella-stand. I filled the box, folded it over, and started on another.
I collided with Craphound. He grinned his natural grin, the one that showed row on row of wet, slimy gums, tipped with writhing, poisonous suckers. "Gold! Gold!" he said, and moved along. I turned my head after him, just as he bent over the cowboy trunk.
I sucked air between my teeth. It was magnificent: a leather-bound miniature steamer trunk, the leather worked with lariats, Stetson hats, war-bonnets and six-guns. I moved toward him, and he popped the latch. I caught my breath.
On top, there was a kid's cowboy costume: miniature leather chaps, a tiny Stetson, a pair of scuffed white-leather cowboy boots with long, worn spurs affixed to the heels. Craphound moved it reverently to the table and continued to pull more magic from the trunk's depths: a stack of cardboard-bound Hopalong Cassidy 78s; a pair of tin six-guns with gunbelt and holsters; a silver star that said Sheriff; a bundle of Roy Rogers comics tied with twine, in mint condition; and a leather satchel filled with plastic cowboys and Indians, enough to re-enact the Alamo.
"Oh, my God," I breathed, as he spread the loot out on the table.
"What are these, Jerry?" Craphound asked, holding up the 78s.
"Old records, like LPs, but you need a special record player to listen to them." I took one out of its sleeve. It gleamed, scratch-free, in the overhead fluorescents.
"I got a 78 player here," said a member of the East Muskoka Volunteer Fire Department Ladies' Auxiliary. She was short enough to look Craphound in the eye, a hair under five feet, and had a skinny, rawboned look to her. "That's my Billy's things, Billy the Kid we called him. He was dotty for cowboys when he was a boy.  He's a lawyer now, in Toronto, got a fancy office on Bay Street. I called him to ask if he minded my putting his cowboy things in the sale, and you know what? He didn't know what I was talking about! Doesn't that beat everything? He was dotty for cowboys when he was a boy."
It's another of my rituals to smile and nod and be as polite as possible to the erstwhile owners of crap that I'm trying to buy, so I smiled and nodded and examined the 78 player she had produced. In lariat script, on the top, it said, "Official Bob Wills Little Record Player," and had a crude watercolour of Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys grinning on the front. It was the kind of record player that folded up like a suitcase when you weren't using it. I'd had one as a kid, with Yogi Bear silkscreened on the front.
Billy's mom plugged the yellowed cord into a wall jack and took the 78 from me, touched the stylus to the record. A tinny ukelele played, accompanied by horse-clops, and then a narrator with a deep, whisky voice said, "Howdy, Pardners! I was just settin' down by the ole campfire.
In my head, I was already breaking down the cowboy trunk and its contents, thinking about the minimum bid I'd place on each item at Sotheby's. Sold individually, I figured I could get over two grand for the contents. Then I thought about putting ads in some of the Japanese collectors' magazines, just for a lark, before I sent the lot to the auction house. You never can tell. A buddy I knew had sold a complete packaged set of Welcome Back, Kotter action figures for nearly eight grand that way. Maybe I could buy a new truck. . .
"This is wonderful," Craphound said, interrupting my reverie. "How much would you like for the collection?"
I felt a knife in my guts. Craphound had found the cowboy trunk, so that meant it was his. But he usually let me take the stuff with street-value -- he was interested in everything, so it hardly mattered if I picked up a few scraps with which to eke out a living.
Billy's mom looked over the stuff. "I was hoping to get twenty dollars for the lot, but if that's too much, I'm willing to come down."
"I'll give you thirty," my mouth said, without intervention from my brain.
They both turned and stared at me. Craphound was unreadable behind his goggles.
Billy's mom broke the silence. "Oh, my! Thirty dollars for this old mess?"
"I will pay fifty," Craphound said.
"Seventy-five," I said.
"Oh, my," Billy's mom said.
"Five hundred," Craphound said.
I opened my mouth, and shut it. Craphound had built his stake on Earth by selling a complicated biochemical process for non-chlorophyll photosynthesis to a Saudi banker. I wouldn't ever beat him in a bidding war. "A thousand dollars," my mouth said.
"Ten thousand," Craphound said, and extruded a roll of hundreds from somewhere in his exoskeleton.
"My Lord!" Billy's mom said. "Ten thousand dollars!"
The other pickers, the firemen, the blue haired ladies all looked up at that and stared at us, their mouths open.
"It is for a good cause." Craphound said.
"Ten thousand dollars!" Billy's mom said again.
Craphound's digits ruffled through the roll as fast as a croupier's counter, separated off a large chunk of the brown bills, and handed them to Billy's mom.
One of the firemen, a middle-aged paunchy man with a comb-over appeared at Billy's mom's shoulder.
"What's going on, Eva?" he said.
"This. . .gentleman is going to pay ten thousand dollars for Billy's old cowboy things, Tom."
The fireman took the money from Billy's mom and stared at it. He held up the top note under the light and turned it this way and that, watching the holographic stamp change from green to gold, then green again. He looked at the serial number, then the serial number of the next bill. He licked his forefinger and started counting off the bills in piles of ten. Once he had ten piles, he counted them again. "That's ten thousand dollars, all right. Thank you very much, mister. Can I give you a hand getting this to your car?"
Craphound, meanwhile, had re-packed the trunk and balanced the 78 player on top of it. He looked at me, then at the fireman.
"I wonder if I could impose on you to take me to the nearest bus station. I think I'm going to be making my own way home."
The fireman and Billy's mom both stared at me. My cheeks flushed. "Aw, c'mon," I said. "I'll drive you home."
"I think I prefer the bus," Craphound said.
"It's no trouble at all to give you a lift, friend," the fireman said.
I called it quits for the day, and drove home alone with the truck only half-filled. I pulled it into the coach-house and threw a tarp over the load and went inside and cracked a beer and sat on the sofa, watching a nature show on a desert reclamation project in Arizona, where the state legislature had traded a derelict mega-mall and a custom-built habitat to an alien for a local-area weather control machine.
≈
The following Thursday, I went to the little crap-auction house on King Street. I'd put my finds from the weekend in the sale: lower minimum bid, and they took a smaller commission than Sotheby's. Fine for moving the small stuff.
Craphound was there, of course. I knew he'd be. It was where we met, when he bid on a case of Lincoln Logs I'd found at a fire-sale.
I'd known him for a kindred spirit when he bought them, and we'd talked afterwards, at his place, a sprawling, two-storey warehouse amid a cluster of auto-wrecking yards where the junkyard dogs barked, barked, barked.
Inside was paradise. His taste ran to shrines -- a collection of fifties bar kitsch that was a shrine to liquor; a circular waterbed on a raised podium that was nearly buried under seventies bachelor pad-inalia; a kitchen that was nearly unusable, so packed it was with old barn-board furniture and rural memorabilia; a leather-appointed library straight out of a Victorian gentlemen's club; a solarium dressed in wicker and bamboo and tiki-idols.
Craphound had known all about the Goodwills and the Sally Anns, and the auction houses, and the kitsch boutiques on Queen Street, but he still hadn't figured out where it all came from.
"Yard sales, rummage sales, garage sales," I said, reclining in a vibrating naughahyde easy-chair, drinking a glass of his pricey single-malt that he'd bought for the beautiful bottle it came in.
"But where are these? Who is allowed to make them?" Craphound hunched opposite me, his exoskeleton locked into a coiled, semi-seated position.
"Who? Well, anyone. You just one day decide that you need to clean out the basement, you put an ad in the Star, tape up a few signs, and voila, yard sale. Sometimes, a school or a church will get donations of old junk and sell it all at one time, as a fundraiser."
"And how do you locate these?" he asked, bobbing up and down slightly with excitement.
"Well, there're amateurs who just read the ads in the weekend papers, or just pick a neighbourhood and wander around, but that's no way to go about it.

"Hell, sure. Next Saturday? We'll head over to Cabbagetown -- those old coach houses, you'd be amazed what people get rid of. It's practically criminal."
"I would like to go with you on next Saturday very much Mr Jerry Abington." He used to talk like that, without commas or question marks. Later, he got better, but then, it was all one big sentence.
"Call me Jerry. It's a date, then.  The Craphound's Code."
"What is a craphound?"
"You're lookin' at one. You're one, too, unless I miss my guess. You'll get to know some of the local craphounds, you hang around with me long enough. They're the competition, but they're also your buddies, and there're certain rules we have."
And then I explained to him all about how you never bid against a craphound at a yard-sale, how you get to know the other fellows' tastes, and when you see something they might like, you haul it out for them, and they'll do the same for you, and how you never buy something that another craphound might be looking for, if all you're buying it for is to sell it back to him. Just good form and common sense, really, but you'd be surprised how many amateurs just fail to make the jump to pro because they can't grasp it.
≈
There was a bunch of other stuff at the auction, other craphounds' weekend treasures. This was high season, when the sun comes out and people start to clean out the cottage, the basement, the garage. There were some collectors in the crowd, and a whole whack of antique and junk dealers, and a few pickers, and me, and Craphound. I watched the bidding listlessly, waiting for my things to come up and sneaking out for smokes between lots. Craphound never once looked at me or acknowledged my presence, and I became perversely obsessed with catching his eye, so I coughed and shifted and walked past him several times, until the auctioneer glared at me, and one of the attendants asked if I needed a throat lozenge.
My lot came up. The bowling glasses went for five bucks to one of the Queen Street junk dealers; the elephant-foot fetched $350 after a spirited bidding war between an antique dealer and a collector -- the collector won; the dealer took the top-hat for $100. The rest of it came up and sold, or didn't, and at end of the lot, I'd made over $800, which was rent for the month plus beer for the weekend plus gas for the truck.
Craphound bid on and bought more cowboy things -- a box of super-eight cowboy movies, the boxes mouldy, the stock itself running to slime; a Navajo blanket; a plastic donkey that dispensed cigarettes out of its ass; a big neon armadillo sign.
One of the other nice things about that place over Sotheby's, there was none of this waiting thirty days to get a cheque. I queued up with the other pickers after the bidding was through, collected a wad of bills, and headed for my truck.
I spotted Craphound loading his haul into a minivan with handicapped plates. It looked like some kind of fungus was growing over the hood and side-panels. On closer inspection, I saw that the body had been covered in closely glued Lego.
Craphound popped the hatchback and threw his gear in, then opened the driver's side door, and I saw that his van had been fitted out for a legless driver, with brake and accelerator levers. A paraplegic I knew drove one just like it. Craphound's exoskeleton levered him into the seat, and I watched the eerily precise way it executed the macro that started the car, pulled the shoulder-belt, put it into drive and switched on the stereo. I heard tape-hiss, then, loud as a b-boy cruising Yonge Street, an old-timey cowboy voice: "Howdy pardners! Saddle up, we're ridin'!" Then the van backed up and sped out of the lot.
I get into the truck and drove home. Truth be told, I missed the little bastard.
≈
Some people said that we should have run Craphound and his kin off the planet, out of the Solar System. They said that it wasn't fair for the aliens to keep us in the dark about their technologies.
Some people!
First of all, nobody with human DNA could survive a trip in one of those ships. They're part of Craphound's people's bodies, as I understand it, and we just don't have the right parts. Second of all, they were sharing their tech with us -- they just weren't giving it away. Fair trades every time.
It's not as if space was off-limits to us. We can any one of us visit their homeworld, just as soon as we figure out how. Only they wouldn't hold our hands along the way.
≈
I spent the week haunting the "Secret Boutique," AKA the Goodwill As-Is Centre on Jarvis. It's all there is to do between yard sales, and sometimes it makes for good finds. Part of my theory of yard-sale karma holds that if I miss one day at the thrift shops, that'll be the day they put out the big score. So I hit the stores diligently and came up with crapola. I had offended the fates, I knew, and wouldn't make another score until I placated them. It was lonely work, still and all, and I missed Craphound's good eye and obsessive delight.
I was at the cash-register with a few items at the Goodwill when a guy in a suit behind me tapped me on the shoulder.
"Sorry to bother you," he said. His suit looked expensive, as did his manicure and his haircut and his wire-rimmed glasses. "I was just wondering where you found that." He gestured at a rhinestone-studded ukelele, with a cowboy hat wood-burned into the body. I had picked it up with a guilty little thrill, thinking that Craphound might buy it at the next auction.
"Second floor, in the toy section."
"There wasn't anything else like it, was there?"
"'Fraid not," I said, and the cashier picked it up and started wrapping it in newspaper.
"Ah," he said, and he looked like a little kid who'd just been told that he couldn't have a puppy. "I don't suppose you'd want to sell it, would you?"
I held up a hand and waited while the cashier bagged it with the rest of my stuff, a few old clothbound novels I thought I could sell at a used book-store, and a Grease belt-buckle with Olivia Newton John on it. I led him out the door by the elbow of his expensive suit.
"How much?" I had paid a dollar.
"Ten bucks?"
I nearly said, "Sold!" but I caught myself. "Twenty."
"Twenty dollars?"
"That's what they'd charge at a boutique on Queen Street."
He took out a slim leather wallet and produced a twenty. I handed him the uke.  Likewise, it's not that my childhood was particularly happy.
There are memories I have, though, that are like a cool drink of water. My grandfather's place near Milton, an old Victorian farmhouse, where the cat drank out of a milk-glass bowl; and where we sat around a rough pine table as big as my whole apartment; and where my playroom was the draughty barn with hay-filled lofts bulging with farm junk and Tarzan-ropes.
There was Grampa's friend Fyodor, and we spent every evening at his wrecking-yard, he and Grampa talking and smoking while I scampered in the twilight, scaling mountains of auto-junk.  I found a guidebook from the 1964 New York World's Fair once, and a lipstick like a chrome bullet, and a pair of white leather ladies' gloves.
Fyodor dealt in scrap, too, and once, he had half of a carny carousel, a few horses and part of the canopy, paint flaking and sharp torn edges protruding; next to it, a Korean-war tank minus its turret and treads, and inside the tank were peeling old pinup girls and a rotation schedule and a crude Kilroy. The control-room in the middle of the carousel had a stack of paperback sci-fi novels, Ace Doubles that had two books bound back-to-back, and when you finished the first, you turned it over and read the other. Fyodor let me keep them, and there was a pawn-ticket in one from Macon, Georgia, for a transistor radio.
My parents started leaving me alone when I was fourteen and I couldn't keep from sneaking into their room and snooping. Mom's jewelry box had books of matches from their honeymoon in Acapulco, printed with bad palm-trees. My Dad kept an old photo in his sock drawer, of himself on muscle-beach, shirtless, flexing his biceps.
My grandmother saved every scrap of my mother's life in her basement, in dusty Army trunks. I entertained myself by pulling it out and taking it in: her Mouse Ears from the big family train-trip to Disneyland in '57, and her records, and the glittery pasteboard sign from her sweet sixteen. There were well-chewed stuffed animals, and school exercise books in which she'd practiced variations on her signature for page after page.
It all told a story. The penciled Kilroy in the tank made me see one of those Canadian soldiers in Korea, unshaven and crew-cut like an extra on MAS*H, sitting for bored hour after hour, staring at the pinup girls, fiddling with a crossword, finally laying it down and sketching his Kilroy quickly, before anyone saw.
The photo of my Dad posing sent me whirling through time to Toronto's Muscle Beach in the east end, and hearing the tinny AM radios playing weird psychedelic rock while teenagers lounged on their Mustangs and the girls sunbathed in bikinis that made their tits into torpedoes.
It all made poems. The old pulp novels and the pawn ticket, when I spread them out in front of the TV, and arranged them just so, they made up a poem that took my breath away.
≈
After the cowboy trunk episode, I didn't run into Craphound again until the annual Rotary Club charity rummage sale at the Upper Canada Brewing Company. He was wearing the cowboy hat, sixguns and the silver star from the cowboy trunk. It should have looked ridiculous, but the net effect was naive and somehow charming, like he was a little boy whose hair you wanted to muss.
I found a box of nice old melamine dishes, in various shades of green -- four square plates, bowls, salad-plates, and a serving tray. I threw them in the duffel-bag I'd brought and kept browsing, ignoring Craphound as he charmed a salty old Rotarian while fondling a box of leather-bound books.
I browsed a stack of old Ministry of Labour licenses -- barber, chiropodist, bartender, watchmaker. They all had pretty seals and were framed in stark green institutional metal. They all had different names, but all from one family, and I made up a little story to entertain myself, about the proud mother saving her sons' accreditations and framing hanging them in the spare room with their diplomas. "Oh, George Junior's just opened his own barbershop, and little Jimmy's still fixing watches. . ."
I bought them.
In a box of crappy plastic Little Ponies and Barbies and Care Bears, I found a leather Indian headdress, a wooden bow-and-arrow set, and a fringed buckskin vest. Craphound was still buttering up the leather books' owner. I bought them quick, for five bucks.
"Those are beautiful," a voice said at my elbow. I turned around and smiled at the snappy dresser who'd bought the uke at the Secret Boutique. He'd gone casual for the weekend, in an expensive, L.L. Bean button-down way.
"Aren't they, though."
"You sell them on Queen Street? Your finds, I mean?"
"Sometimes. Sometimes at auction. How's the uke?"
"Oh, I got it all tuned up," he said, and smiled the same smile he'd given me when he'd taken hold of it at Goodwill. "I can play 'Don't Fence Me In' on it." He looked at his feet. "Silly, huh?"
"Not at all. You're into cowboy things, huh?" As I said it, I was overcome with the knowledge that this was "Billy the Kid," the original owner of the cowboy trunk. I don't know why I felt that way, but I did, with utter certainty.
"Just trying to re-live a piece of my childhood, I guess. I'm Scott," he said, extending his hand.
Scott? I thought wildly. Maybe it's his middle name? "I'm Jerry."
The Upper Canada Brewery sale has many things going for it, including a beer garden where you can sample their wares and get a good BBQ burger. We gently gravitated to it, looking over the tables as we went.
"You're a pro, right?" he asked after we had plastic cups of beer.
"You could say that."
"I'm an amateur. A rank amateur. Any words of wisdom?"
I laughed and drank some beer, lit a cigarette. "There's no secret to it, I think. Just diligence: you've got to go out every chance you get, or you'll miss the big score."
He chuckled. "I hear that. Sometimes, I'll be sitting in my office, and I'll just know that they're putting out a piece of pure gold at the Goodwill and that someone else will get to it before my lunch. I get so wound up, I'm no good until I go down there and hunt for it. I guess I'm hooked, eh?"
"Cheaper than some other kinds of addictions."
"I guess so. About that Indian stuff -- what do you figure you'd get for it at a Queen Street boutique?"
I looked him in the eye. He may have been something high-powered and cool and collected in his natural environment, but just then, he was as eager and nervous as a kitchen-table poker-player at a high-stakes game.
"Maybe fifty bucks," I said.
"Fifty, huh?" he asked.
"About that," I said.
"Once it sold," he said.
"There is that," I said.
"Might take a month, might take a year," he said.
"Might take a day," I said.
"It might, it might." He finished his beer. "I don't suppose you'd take forty?"
I'd paid five for it, not ten minutes before. It looked like it would fit Craphound, who, after all, was wearing Scott/Billy's own boyhood treasures as we spoke. You don't make a living by feeling guilty over eight hundred percent markups. Still, I'd angered the fates, and needed to redeem myself.
"Make it five," I said.
He started to say something, then closed his mouth and gave me a look of thanks. He took a five out of his wallet and handed it to me. I pulled the vest and bow and headdress out my duffel.
He walked back to a shiny black Jeep with gold detail work, parked next to Craphound's van. Craphound was building onto the Lego body, and the hood had a miniature Lego town attached to it.
Craphound looked around as he passed, and leaned forward with undisguised interest at the booty. I grimaced and finished my beer.
≈
I met Scott/Billy three times more at the Secret Boutique that week.
He was a lawyer, who specialised in alien-technology patents. He had a practice on Bay Street, with two partners, and despite his youth, he was the senior man.
I didn't let on that I knew about Billy the Kid and his mother in the East Muskoka Volunteer Fire Department Ladies' Auxiliary. But I felt a bond with him, as though we shared an unspoken secret. I pulled any cowboy finds for him, and he developed a pretty good eye for what I was after and returned the favour.
The fates were with me again, and no two ways about it. I took home a ratty old Oriental rug that on closer inspection was a 19th century hand-knotted Persian; an upholstered Turkish footstool; a collection of hand-painted silk Hawaiiana pillows and a carved Meerschaum pipe. Scott/Billy found the last for me, and it cost me two dollars. I knew a collector who would pay thirty in an eye-blink, and from then on, as far as I was concerned, Scott/Billy was a fellow craphound.
"You going to the auction tomorrow night?" I asked him at the checkout line.
"Wouldn't miss it," he said. He'd barely been able to contain his excitement when I told him about the Thursday night auctions and the bargains to be had there. He sure had the bug.
"Want to get together for dinner beforehand? The Rotterdam's got a good patio."

I had my nose in my glass when he kicked my ankle under the table. "Look at that!"
It was Craphound in his van, cruising for a parking spot. The Lego village had been joined by a whole postmodern spaceport on the roof, with a red-and-blue castle, a football-sized flying saucer, and a clown's head with blinking eyes.
I went back to my drink and tried to get my appetite back.
"Was that an extee driving?"
"Yeah. Used to be a friend of mine."
"He's a picker?"
"Uh-huh." I turned back to my fries and tried to kill the subject.
"Do you know how he made his stake?"
"The chlorophyll thing, in Saudi Arabia."
"Sweet!" he said. "Very sweet. I've got a client who's got some secondary patents from that one. What's he go after?"
"Oh, pretty much everything," I said, resigning myself to discussing the topic after all. "But lately, the same as you -- cowboys and Injuns."
He laughed and smacked his knee. "Well, what do you know? What could he possibly want with the stuff?"
"What do they want with any of it? He got started one day when we were cruising the Muskokas," I said carefully, watching his face. "Found a trunk of old cowboy things at a rummage sale. East Muskoka Volunteer Fire Department Ladies' Auxiliary." I waited for him to shout or startle. He didn't.
"Yeah? A good find, I guess. Wish I'd made it."
I didn't know what to say to that, so I took a bite of my sandwich.
Scott continued. "I think about what they get out of it a lot. There's nothing we have here that they couldn't make for themselves. I mean, if they picked up and left today, we'd still be making sense of everything they gave us in a hundred years. You know, I just closed a deal for a biochemical computer that's no-shit 10,000 times faster than anything we've built out of silicon. You know what the extee took in trade? Title to a defunct fairground outside of Calgary -- they shut it down ten years ago because the midway was too unsafe to ride. Doesn't that beat all? This thing is worth a billion dollars right out of the gate, I mean, within twenty-four hours of the deal closing, the seller can turn it into the GDP of Bolivia. For a crummy real-estate dog that you couldn't get five grand for!"
It always shocked me when Billy/Scott talked about his job -- it was easy to forget that he was a high-powered lawyer when we were jawing and fooling around like old craphounds. I wondered if maybe he wasn't Billy the Kid; I couldn't think of any reason for him to be playing it all so close to his chest.

≈
Craphound got a free Coke from Lisa at the check-in when he made his appearance. He bid high, but shrewdly, and never pulled ten-thousand-dollar stunts. The bidders were wandering the floor, previewing that week's stock, and making notes to themselves.
I rooted through a box-lot full of old tins, and found one with a buckaroo at the Calgary Stampede, riding a bucking bronc. I picked it up and stood to inspect it. Craphound was behind me.
"Nice piece, huh?" I said to him.
"I like it very much," Craphound said, and I felt my cheeks flush.
"You're going to have some competition tonight, I think," I said, and nodded at Scott/Billy.
"Really?" Craphound said, and it felt like we were partners again, scoping out the competition. Suddenly I felt a knife of shame, like I was betraying Scott/Billy somehow. I took a step back.
"Jerry, I am very sorry that we argued."
I sighed out a breath I hadn't known I was holding in. "Me, too."
"They're starting the bidding. May I sit with you?"
And so the three of us sat together, and Craphound shook Scott/Billy's hand and the auctioneer started into his harangue.
It was a night for unusual occurrences. I bid on a piece, something I told myself I'd never do. It was a set of four matched Li'l Orphan Annie Ovaltine glasses, like Grandma's had been, and seeing them in the auctioneer's hand took me right back to her kitchen, and endless afternoons passed with my colouring books and weird old-lady hard candies and Liberace albums playing in the living room.
"Ten," I said, opening the bidding.
"I got ten, ten,ten, I got ten, who'll say twenty, who'll say twenty, twenty for the four."
Craphound waved his bidding card, and I jumped as if I'd been stung.
"I got twenty from the space cowboy, I got twenty, sir will you say thirty?"
I waved my card.
"That's thirty to you sir."
"Forty," Craphound said.
"Fifty," I said even before the auctioneer could point back to me. An old pro, he settled back and let us do the work.
"One hundred," Craphound said.
"One fifty," I said.
The room was perfectly silent. I thought about my overextended MasterCard, and wondered if Scott/Billy would give me a loan.
"Two hundred," Craphound said.
Fine, I thought. Pay two hundred for those. I can get a set on Queen Street for thirty bucks.
The auctioneer turned to me. "The bidding stands at two. Will you say two-ten, sir?"
I shook my head. The auctioneer paused a long moment, letting me sweat over the decision to bow out.
"I have two -- do I have any other bids from the floor? Any other bids? Sold, $200, to number 57." An attendant brought Craphound the glasses. He took them and tucked them under his seat.
≈
I was fuming when we left. Craphound was at my elbow. I wanted to punch him -- I'd never punched anyone in my life, but I wanted to punch him.
We entered the cool night air and I sucked in several lungfuls before lighting a cigarette.
"Jerry," Craphound said.
I stopped, but didn't look at him. I watched the taxis pull in and out of the garage next door instead.
"Jerry, my friend," Craphound said.
"What?" I said, loud enough to startle myself. Scott, beside me, jerked as well.
"We're going. I wanted to say goodbye, and to give you some things that I won't be taking with me."
"What?" I said again, Scott just a beat behind me.
"My people -- we're going. It has been decided. We've gotten what we came for."
Without another word, he set off towards his van. We followed along behind, shell-shocked.
Craphound's exoskeleton executed another macro and slid the panel-door aside, revealing the cowboy trunk.
"I wanted to give you this. I will keep the glasses."
"I don't understand," I said.
"You're all leaving?" Scott asked, with a note of urgency.
"It has been decided. We'll go over the next twenty-four hours."
"But why?" Scott said, sounding almost petulant.
"It's not something that I can easily explain. As you must know, the things we gave you were trinkets to us -- almost worthless. We traded them for something that was almost worthless to you -- a fair trade, you'll agree -- but it's time to move on."
Craphound handed me the cowboy trunk. Holding it, I smelled the lubricant from his exoskeleton and the smell of the attic it had been mummified in before making its way into his hands. I felt like I almost understood.
"This is for me," I said slowly, and Craphound nodded encouragingly. "This is for me, and you're keeping the glasses. And I'll look at this and feel. . ."
"You understand," Craphound said, looking somehow relieved.
And I did. I understood that an alien wearing a cowboy hat and sixguns and giving them away was a poem and a story, and a thirtyish bachelor trying to spend half a month's rent on four glasses so that he could remember his Grandma's kitchen was a story and a poem, and that the disused fairground outside Calgary was a story and a poem, too.
"You're craphounds!" I said. "All of you!"
Craphound smiled so I could see his gums and I put down the cowboy trunk and clapped my hands.
≈
Scott recovered from his shock by spending the night at his office, crunching numbers talking on the phone, and generally getting while the getting was good. He had an edge -- no one else knew that they were going.
He went pro later that week, opened a chi-chi boutique on Queen Street, and hired me on as chief picker and factum factotum.
Scott was not Billy the Kid. Just another Bay Street shyster with a cowboy jones. From the way they come down and spend, there must be a million of them.
Our draw in the window is a beautiful mannequin I found, straight out of the Fifties, a little boy we call The Beaver. He dresses in chaps and a Sheriff's badge and sixguns and a miniature Stetson and cowboy boots with worn spurs, and rests one foot on a beautiful miniature steamer trunk whose leather is worked with cowboy motifs.
He's not for sale at any price.


Guidance
Types of apprenticeships that you can apply for in the public relations sector.
This apprenticeship provides a foundation in public relations (PR) for new entrants and existing workers in the PR profession.
Public relations concerns the reputation of organisations and individuals in relation to their public perception and the views of their various publics. It is an organised attempt to influence the behaviour and opinions of stakeholders and stakeholder groups, through short-term and long-term engagement activities.
Within the apprenticeship, the nature of the work will depend on your employer. You are likely to be working as a PR assistant or a Junior Account Executive which may include:
This is a higher level apprenticeship in public relations. You could train in roles like:
You can apply for an apprenticeship in England if you’re:
Published: 21 March 2014
From: Skills Funding Agency
Part of: Further education and training


{{group}} Events
Status
Description
Start Time
End Time
{% for event in events %}
{{event.status}}
Cause
{{event.description}}
{{event.cause}}
{{event.start_time}}
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{% endfor %}


Ajira GIS (AGIS) is a decentralized machine learning system that provides human language interfaces in African languages, and rewards people for training the artificial intelligence to learn these languages. AGIS enables locally targeted services such as personal assistant, financial management, virtual customer support, and other personalized services. AGIS uses a blockchain platform to add human involvement in building the artificial intelligence.
Anyone can participate in the platform and be paid for contributing to the AGIS. Workers can perform digital tasks (e.g. translations, AI training), or provide data to the AGIS in exchange for Ajira Points - the medium of exchange of value for providing or consuming services in the Ajira ecosystem. Businesses will pay to access services such as language translation APIs, and speech-to-text conversion for their applications.
We connect crowdworkers to digital tasks. You can help train our machine translation system to enable us to bring modern technological advances such as voice-activated services in your local languages.
You can earn Ajira Points by translating or verifying other translations in your native language. You can also create text in your language and submit it for verification. All you need is a computer or mobile device with internet access.
How it works:Sign up to AGIS
Fill out your language preference
Request for a task
Translate the given text or submit language text
Get paid after your work is verified
Become an AGIS processing or storage provider (miner) to generate income. In order to teach the AI all these languages and to gradually improve its models, it will need a lot of data, compute power and connectivity. The Machine Learning neural network operation is decentralized and distributed over nodes through blockchain technology. By decentralizing the AI network, participants can provide computing and storage nodes to the AGIS network, and be paid for their AI resource contribution. Miners can install the AGIS software and join the network to mine Ajira Points, which will be rewarded for compute processing and storage capacity. The more compute and storage resources are offered to the shared AGIS ecosystem, the faster the AI training, and the more Ajira Points are rewarded.
AGIS is an open-source product that aims to innovate more effectively and solve shared problems. We invite developers to participate in the Ajira community and earn Ajira Points for their development contribution to the project. Once your code is reviewed and accepted into the official development branch, you will receive a bounty in Ajira Points. The AGIS source is hosted on Github
Businesses that need to translate content can integrate their applications easily with simple programmatic interfaces for low-cost localization solutions. AGIS will provide fast and dynamic translation services through translation APIs that support African languages.
Businesses will benefit from accessing our machine translation services at a competitive cost. AGIS makes the Machine Learning neural network operation decentralized and distributed over nodes through blockchain technology. This reduces the computing costs compared to traditional centralized AI computing servers, hence passing on the savings to businesses.
For more information, please contact us.
Ajira Points are the medium of exchange for consuming or providing services in the AGIS ecosystem. Workers earn Ajira Points when they perform translations and contribute language data to the artificial intelligence. Miners earn Ajira Points by contributing AI compute and storage resources. Businesses will pay for translation services using Ajira Points.
Ajira Points can be exchanged for fiat currency, cryptocurrencies, and loyalty points. Ajira Points can be held in a cryptocurrency wallet that allows owners to store tokens.
Connect with us on social networking sites


The Story of Read the Docs¶
Documenting projects is hard, hosting them shouldn’t be. Read the Docs was created to make hosting documentation simple.
Read the Docs was started with a couple main goals in mind. The first goal was to encourage people to write documentation, by removing the barrier of entry to hosting. The other goal was to create a central platform for people to find documentation. Having a shared platform for all documentation allows for innovation at the platform level, allowing work to be done once and benefit everyone.
Documentation matters, but its often overlooked. We think that we can help a documentation culture flourish. Great projects, such as Django and SQLAlchemy, and projects from companies like Mozilla, are already using Read the Docs to serve their documentation to the world.
The site has grown quite a bit over the past year. Our look back at 2013 shows some numbers that show our progress. The job isn’t anywhere near done yet, but it’s a great honor to be able to have such an impact already.
We plan to keep building a great experience for people hosting their docs with us, and for users of the documentation that we host.


Buy the book
Backstory
My brother initially got this book as a Christmas present for me a couple of years back, but I didn’t got around reading it for a while. He actually borrowed it and it’s still with him till this very day. (my brother lives in the UK, while I live in Romania, so the book had quite a travel adventure)
So, I actually read it electronically. I bought it because I it was very cheap on Google Books and I can never let a bargain go to waste.
My notes
These are all the notes/quotes I’ve gathered from The Richest man in Babylon. Mainly quotes, but I’ve let some personal comments slip through there.
Money is plentiful for those who understand the simple laws which govern its acquisition. (~pg 21)
Having knowledge of money vs having money
A man’s wealth is not in the purse he carries. A fat purse quickly empties if there be no golden stream to refill it. Arkad (the actual richest man in Babylon) has an income that constantly keeps his purse full, no matter how liberally he spends. (~pg 27)
Money comes and goes, but knowledge stays. That’s why the best and most secure investment is acquiring wisdom. Will it be through books, online-courses or school, your skills & knowledge can always use a polish.
It’s going to take time and effort
I decided that if I was to achieve what I desired, time and study would be required. (~pg 32)
You’re not going to build your wealth or your knowledge base overnight. Compound interest is at play here.
Growing expenses
That what each of us calls our ‘necessary expenses’ will always grow to equal our incomes unless we protest to the contrary. (~pg 51)
Control your desires
All men are burdened with more desires than they can gratify. (~pg 51)
Learn to control your desires, or else they’ll end up controlling you.
You make your own luck
Men of Action are favored by the goddess of Good Luck. (~pg 81)
Yes, luck probably plays a role in the creation of wealth. But there will certainly be no luck coming towards the person that takes no action in the attempt to create wealth. Make your own opportunities.

Help only when it won’t break you
If you desire to help thy friend, do so in a way that will not bring thy friend’s burdens upon thyself. (~pg 101)
Then be not swayed by foolish sentiments of obligation to trust thy treasure to any person. If thou wouldst help thy family or thy friends, find other ways than risking the loss of thy treasure. (pg ~110)
Better safe than sorry
Better a Little Caution than a Great Regret (~pg 111)
Do you really have freedom?
The soul of a free man looks at life as a series of problems to be solved and solves them, while the soul of a slave whines, ‘What can I do who am but a slave?’ (~pg 127)
Don’t be too arrogant
Work he could offer in plenty to willing workers, but naught for men who considered themselves too good for work. (~pg 146)
A lot more opportunities are found your way, but you’re probably taking a blind eye to them due to arrogance. Who knows what will come out of it?
Wrapping up
Those are most of the quotes I’ve really enjoyed, and I hope my comments did them well. If you want to read this book, you can buy it here. (this is a referral link, I get a bit of commsision through each sale)
I’ll leave you with another quote that I thought would give this post a nice ending.
Thou wert once a piece of soft claw to be pressed and moulded by any hand that touched thee, but now thou art a piece of bronze capable of holding an edge. (~pg 137)


{% comment %} Licensed to Cloudera, Inc. under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. Cloudera, Inc. licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. {% endcomment %}
{# The line spacing below is intentional, to avoid the extra newline in the 'pre' #} {% for l in log reversed %}{{l}} {% endfor %}


Spanish court points to Ryanair baggage fee excessiveness
by BNNEurope’s leading airline Ryanair has been fined by a court in Spain that ruled that asking a fee for hand baggage is excessive.
British public broadcaster BBC reported on Wednesday, November 21, Ryanair had been taken to court by a passenger, who had been fined by the airline for taking a bag in the cabin without a special ticket.
The passenger was forced to pay a EUR 20 fine to bring her 10kg extra luggage on board.
Ryanair allows only small bags as hand luggage if they can be stowed beneath the seat in front.
The airline has a policy of charging customers an additional fee for carrying anything more than one personal item on board. Larger bags can also require a luggage fee.
In its ruling, the Commercial Court ruled that the woman should be refunded with interest as it evaluated that the baggage could easily have fitted in the cabin, and ruled the policy to be null and void and told Ryanair “to remove it” from its terms and conditions.
Ryanair not to change baggage policy
«This ruling will not affect Ryanair’s baggage policy, either in the past or in the future, as it is an isolated case that misinterpreted our commercial freedom to determine the size of our cabin baggage,» it said in a statement.


Orphan Girl:
Father told us that he hated boys! He said that he had the most beautiful girls in the whole world!


25.04.2020
Marina Village Baja Room
939 Quivira Way, San Diego
California 92109
Dresscode
Black and White
Fill in the list below IF you are attending


{% include head.html %}
{% include nav.html %} {% include header.html %} {% include our-wedding.html %} {% include the-proposal.html %} {% include wedding-party.html %} {% include logistics.html %} {% include directions.html %} {% include accommodations.html %} {% include transportation.html %} {% include things-to-do.html %} {% include photos.html %} {% include registry.html %} {% include rsvp.html %} {% include after-party.html %} {% include footer.html %} {% include js.html %}


This sourcecode of this game can be found on Github. de.htwg.se.SetGame.wui is an extension for the de.htwg.se.SetGame project. de.htwg.se.SetGame project has only a graphical user interface (GUI) and a text-based user interface (TUI). This project extends de.htwg.se.SetGame with an web-based user interface (WUI). The main goal of this project is to deepen the acquired knowledge about web-technologies in the study of applied computer science.


const (expr, value, <-u|-a>)
This is a powerful function that allows the user to change the missing values of a variable, set all the non-missing values of a variable to a constant, or set all possible values of a variable (both valid and missing) to a constant.
expr
a valid GrADS expression value
a constant, either an integer or floating point value -u
all missing data are set to
value
; non-missing data are unchanged-a
all data are set to
value
, both missing and non-missing
Default behaviour is to set all non-missing data equal to
value
; missing data are unchanged
const
function operates on both gridded and
station data.
value
is given as an integer,
it will still be treated as as floating point.
const
function assigns a new value to missing
data, so that missing data may participate in operations:
const(z, 0, -u)
const
function is used with the set gxout linefill graphics output
option to define a straight horizontal line:
set lon -90
set lat -90 90
set gxout linefill
set lev 500
d const(t, -20);t-273
const
is used to calculate a daily
timeseries of the fraction of the globe convered by precipitation
greater than 10mm/day
:
set lon 0 360
set lat -90 90
set t 1 last
define ones = const(const(maskout(p,p-10),1),0,-u)
set x 1
set y 1
display tloop(aave(ones,lon=0,lon=360,lat=0,lat=360))
Notes: The defined variable
"ones"
contains 1
wherever the precip value
is greater than 10
, and 0
whever the precip
value is less than 10
. This is done via nested functions;
first maskout
sets all
values less than 10
to missing, then const
sets all non-missing values to 1
, then const
is used with the -u
flag to set all the missing data
values to 0
. The aave
function calculates an
area weighted average. Since we are averaging zeros and ones, the
result is the fraction of the area where there are ones. See the tloop
function for a
description of how to perform time series of areal averages.


Hint
Remenber how to access an character in a string
Now, how do you access and compare the first character and the last character in the string?


CollectionTrait¶
-
trait
atk4\core\
CollectionTrait
¶ - This trait makes it possible for you to add child objectsinto your object, but unlike “ContainerTrait” you can usemultiple collections stored as different array properties.This class does not offer automatic naming, so if you tryto add another element with same name, it will result inexception.
Source: vendor/atk4/core/src/CollectionTrait.php#14
Methods¶
-
public
atk4\core\CollectionTrait::
_addIntoCollection
($name, $object, $collection)¶ - Use this method trait like this:.function addField($name, $definition) {$field = $this->factory($definition, [], ‘\atk4\data\Field’);return $this->_addIntoCollection($name, $field, ‘fields’);}
Source: Parameters: - $name (string) Name that can be used to reference object
- $object (object) New element to add
- $collection (string) string String corresponding to the name of the property
Throws: Returns: object | mixed $obect
-
public
atk4\core\CollectionTrait::
_removeFromCollection
($name, $collection)¶ - Removes element from specified collection.
Source: Parameters: - $name (string)
- $collection (string)
Throws:
-
public
atk4\core\CollectionTrait::
_cloneCollection
($collection)¶ - Call this on collections after cloning object. This will clone all collectionelements (which are objects).
Source: Parameters: - $collection (string) to be cloned
-
public
atk4\core\CollectionTrait::
_hasInCollection
($name, $collection)¶ - Returns object from collection or false if object is not found.
Source: Parameters: - $name (string)
- $collection (string)
Returns: object | bool
-
public
atk4\core\CollectionTrait::
_getFromCollection
($name, $collection)¶ Source: Parameters: - $name (string)
- $collection (string)
Throws: Returns: object
-
protected
atk4\core\CollectionTrait::
_shorten_ml
($desired)¶ - Method used internally for shortening object namesIdentical implementation to ContainerTrait::_shortern.
Source: Parameters: - $desired (string) Desired name of new object.
Returns: string Shortened name of new object.


{% extends 'base.html' %} # use the base template as a parent {% block mainBody %} {% if user %}
It appears that you aren't logged in. Follow the link below to remedy that.


Spokane officer arrested, accused of raping crime victim
by Associated PressSPOKANE, Wash. — Authorities say a Spokane Police officer has been arrested and accused of raping a female victim of a crime he was investigating.
The Spokane County Sheriff’s Office says 36-year-old Nathan Nash was arrested Friday evening.
The sheriff’s office says in October detectives opened an investigation into allegations of sexual misconduct by Nash after the female spoke to authorities.
The sheriff’s office says Spokane Police Department officials requested the investigation after her complaint.
Nash has been booked into the Spokane County Jail on suspicion of second-degree rape and two counts of official misconduct.
Spokane Police Chief Craig Meidl issued a statement Friday evening saying the alleged conduct is completely unacceptable and in absolute conflict with the high standards of the Spokane Police Department.
KREM-TV reports Nash has denied the allegations through a statement from his attorney.


Like most website operators, iNaturalist.org collects non-personally-identifying information of the sort that web browsers and servers typically make available, such as the browser type, language preference, referring site, and the date and time of each visitor request. iNaturalist.org's purpose in collecting non-personally identifying information is to better understand how iNaturalist.org's visitors use its website. From time to time, iNaturalist.org may release non-personally-identifying information in the aggregate, e.g., by publishing a report on trends in the usage of its website.
iNaturalist.org also collects potentially personally-identifying information like Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. iNaturalist.org does not use such information to identify its visitors, however, and does not disclose such information, other than under the same circumstances that it uses and discloses personally-identifying information, as described below.
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(Note, these Terms of Service are available under a Creative Commons Sharealike license thanks to WordPress.org)


Grand is a tool to create a visual representation of Ant target
dependencies. It works by taking an Ant build file and creating a
DOT language file. It differs from the
existing tools by relying on the Ant API rather than XML parsing to get the dependencies.
GrandUI requires Java 8 due to included Eclipse components. Therefore, the latest release includes Ant 1.10; please see the release notes about incompatibilities.


--- ---
MASTALS is a team made to train for fighting and defending.We do not do stuff like attack each other,we first train defending and then fighting.Mastals is also an engineering club.


Oven-Baked Pasta
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{{$ctrl.errorMsg}}
The {{$ctrl.organization.name}} organization does not have any teams yet. You can use teams to organize users and make sharing common data even easier. When you form teams, they'll be shown here.
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| NAME: | JOMEESH JOSE |
| ADDRESS: | |
| CITY: | MANANTHAVADY |
| PERMANANT ADDRESS: | Mecheril (H) vemom P.O ,Mananthavady Wayanad |
| STATE: | kerala |
| PIN-CODE | 670645 |
| email: |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
| PHONE NO: |<PHONE_NUMBER> |
| D.O.B: | 22/10/1999 |
| GENDER: | Male |
| COLLEGE: | AMAL JYOTHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING |
| DEPARTMENT: | MCA |
| EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION | |
| SSLC | 79 % |
| PLUSE TWO | 72 % |
| BSC COMPUTER SCIENCE | 71 % |
| PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION: | C,C++,,Html,Php |
| KNOWN LANGUAGE: | English,,Malayalam,Tamil |
| HOBBY: | Watching movies,Playing games |


Nyzo version 541 (commit on GitHub) includes improvements to the join process and some minor bug fixes.
This version primarily affects the verifier.
In Block.chainScore(), the calculation for a new verifier has been modified. Instead of a ranking of top new verifiers, only a single top verifier is now assigned a score that allows joining. Previously, the second-place new verifier would have a score of 2, which would sometimes allow joining if the top new verifier did not transmit a block and the in-cycle verifier with a score of 0 was delayed in transmitting its block.
In BlockManager, only the single top verifier is now added to currentAndNearCycleSet.
In BlockVoteManager, votesForHeight and flipVotesForHeight are now ConcurrentHashMap objects. This improves thread safety.
Synchronization has been removed from the votesAtHeight() method. This method was using synchronization to prevent problems with accessing the votesForHeight map. As that map is now a concurrency-safe object, synchronization is no longer required.
Also, the logic for counting votes has been simplified by replacing use of the map's get() method with use of the getOrDefault() method.
In the votesForHeight() method, the map for the requested height is now returned without copying. While returning copies of private, mutable objects is discouraged in object-oriented design, the performance impact of creating copies is non-negligible in this case.
Also of note regarding this method: error logs on verifiers infrequently showed a ConcurrentModificationException being thrown in the creation of the HashMap copy in this method when creating a BlockWithVotesResponse. While the elimination of this copy would only shift the possible location of this exception, the use of a ConcurrentHashMap to store votes at each height has eliminated the problem.
In LockedAccountManager.isSubjectToLock(), transactions of typeCoinGeneration are now explicitly excluded from locking. Such transactions are only allowed to occur in the Genesis block, and they would never be subject to locking. These transactions do not have sender identifiers, which was causing a null-pointer exception to be thrown in this method. This was interfering with the initialization process of new verifiers.
The topVerifiers() method, which returned a ranked list of verifiers, has been replaced with a topVerifier() method, which returns either a single verifier identifier or null. A verifier will be returned only if it has votes from more than half of the current cycle. The join process was originally designed to fill available cycle positions as quickly as possible, even if that meant allowing non-preferred verifiers to join. This modification acknowledges the current reality that the number of verifiers wishing to join the cycle far exceeds available entry positions.
The addition of this verifier to the list in the absence of another verifier is an archaic compensation for poor messaging in the early development process. It is no longer necessary or helpful. Logging statements have been added to display the chosen verifier. When a verifier is chosen, the number of votes for that verifier is displayed both as a count and as a percentage of the current cycle.
The constructor of BootstrapResponseV2 has been rewritten to avoid possible null-pointer exceptions. While these were uncommon, they were observed on running verifiers.
MeshStatusResponse has been updated to reflect the new single-verifier result produced by NewVerifierVoteManager.
For the suggestion that the new-verifier entry should require a majority, ∩20,000 was awarded to 219f...0183. This bounty will be deducted from the funds held by the Nyzo team, and it will not affect the amount of funds that will be transferred to the cycle account.


Assemble boilerplate with the essential middleware, helpers, templates and (opinionated) configuration necessary to easily create a blog with Assemble.
Assemble boilerplate with the essential middleware, helpers, templates and (opinionated) configuration necessary to easily create a blog with Assemble.


Nuala Bean
The AI will respond by default based on previous messages. Choose ‘customize responses’ if you want control what to respond. Let the AI respond Customize responses- To: blablablablal Respond with: sls... X
- To: blablablablal Respond with: sls... X
- To: blablablablal Respond with: sls... X


Made in the U.S.A., I'm a transplant from Ohio living in Orlando, Florida. I'm so grateful to have had the opportunity to grow up in a city where diversity is a valuable commodity. Without that key exposure from a young age, I would not be the well-rounded, conscientious person I am today.
If there's anything I'm passionate about it's the convergence of art and sciene. With a bachelor's in history, I love the arts. I practice yoga regularly and travel whenever possible. That aside, science, and women's representation in it, is profoundly important to me. I want to be an example of that with my programming skills!
You might be surprised to learn that in addition to all of my above mentioned passions, I love to bake. I am constantly crafting sweet treats from scratch in my spare time, which really emphasizes my creative side.


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