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Before Change
@classmethod
def register_options(cls, register):
super(AntlrGen, cls).register_options(register)
cls.register_jvm_tool(register, "antlr3", ["//:antlr-3.4"])
cls.register_jvm_tool(register, "antlr4", ["//:antlr-4"])
@property
After Change
def register_options(cls, register):
super(AntlrGen, cls).register_options(register)
for key, value in _DEFAULT_ANTLR_DEPS.items():
cls.register_jvm_tool(register, key, [value])
@property
def config_section(self):
return "antlr"


I have heard that the famous universities in England have One-on-One tutoring. I'm not sure if that is actually the case, but that doesn't matter for the idea I want to explain. That means one tutor helps one student only. That must be incredibly effective for learning. From my experience as a tutor and as a "coach" (Nachhilfelehrer) I know that there is a huge difference in One-on-One tutoring compared to One-on-Many tutoring, where one tutor teaches about 30 students. If you only have one student, you can focus on the needs of this single student. And I guess that the student will also be encouraged a bit more to participate. If you only have one student, the student will not sleep while you teach him. He has to stay focused, because you will notice when he doesn't.
So One-on-One tutoring is something we want to get.
The problem of One-on-One tutoring
It is expensive, if it would be done like tutoring is currently done. In fact I think it would be impossible, because you would not find that many tutors. However, I think there are other ways to motivate students that have already passed the exam to be a tutor for another student.
How to get One-on-One tutoring
Give One-on-One tutors the possibility to write the exam again and improve their grade.
I could imagine it to work like this: A student passes the exam, but he does not have the grade he wants. As he has already passed the exam, he will not be allowed to simply write it again. So he has to search a student who hasn't already passed the exam and help this student to prepare for the exam. Now we have to check if the One-on-One tutor really helped the new student. I could imagine two ways that could also be combined.
One-on-One tutoring: Way 1
The One-on-One tutor has to help the new student with the exercises. So the One-on-Many tutor gets the information which exercises were done by the One-on-One tutor and the new student. In contrast to now, not only one student would exercise, but two. In order to make sure that there is an improvement, one could increase the necessary number of points for the One-on-One tutor to a threshold of \(\theta_1\). \(\theta_1\) should denote how much more points the student needs (in percent of the points the students need) to get the possibility to re-do the exam.
\(\theta_1 = 0\) would mean that the tutor does only need a student who gets the minimum number of points to pass the exam.
\(\theta_1 = 1\) would mean that the tutor needs his students to get double the number of points in the exercises than what he would need to be allowed to participate in the exam.
This means \(\theta_1 \in [0, 1]\).
\(\theta_1\) should not be zero, because that would mean that 1-on-1 tutors could choose their students right before the exam. But I want them to choose the student at the beginning of the semester. And \(\theta_1\) may not be too high. The higher it gets, the more difficult and time intensive it gets for the student and the tutor. I think the time right before an exam is the time where students learn most. If a student doesn't achieve the \(\theta_1\) threshold, then the tutor will not have any incentive to help the student to prepare for the exam except for money or friendship. This is a good incentive for the student to keep working on excercises, even if he already got enough points to be allowed to write the exam.
One-on-One tutoring: Way 2
The other possibility would be to enforce a minimum grade for the tutored student. So the One-on-One tutor cannot participate in the same exam as his student, but in the exam after that. And the tutor can only participate in that exam if his student got a minimum grade \(\theta_2\), e.g. 2.3 or better.
\(\theta_2 = 5\) would mean that the student only has to participate in the exam (at KIT every student gets at least a grade of 5. The best grade is 1.0.).
\(\theta_2 = 1\) would mean that the student has to pass with the best grade so that the tutor is allowed to participate in the exam.
Alternatively one could make that dependent on the number of students who got the grade. So \(\theta_2 = 10\%\) would mean that you choose the grade threshold in a way that makes sure that at least 10% of all students pass that requirement.
This means \(\theta_2 \in [1, 5]\) or \(\theta_2 \in (0\%, 100\%]\).
\(\theta_2\) should not be too bad (near 5), because then it will be too easy for many students to get another try for the exam. That would also not help the students, because the tutor would not have an incentive that is strong enough to increase the abilities of his student. However, if \(\theta_2\) gets too low (near 1.0) then most students will not try to be a tutor because it is too difficult to get a student to achieve that good results.
How to speak about it
I would like to call this model MOOT (Martins One-on-One Tutoring model ☺ ). It is parameterized with two variables, \(\theta_1\) and \(\theta_2\).
I think \(MOOT(\theta_1=0.2, \theta_2=25\%)\) would be a good possibility to encourage students to help other students effectively. \(\theta_1\) is low enough to make it fairly easy for somebody who already passed the exam to "lift" a student to pass the requirement.
So I guess \(MOOT(0.2, 25\%)\) would be a good choice. You could still argue that the tutor could simply write the excercises himself. But I don't think that would be a problem, because then the tutor would do the excercises. He would still practice. We only get a problem if larger groups of students copy excercises. I don't think that is the case, but I judge from the students I know. I might have a biased view on the problem.
Conclusion
The two ways I proposed would in general lead to better students, remove stress from students because a single bad exam would not be that bad any more and very likely lead to better students. Students would be better on the paper (because the tutor should only be able to improve himself by the new exam and also his student should be able to achieve better results in the exam) and in the real world. Students would get an incentive to repeat what they did not understand before. They would get an incentive to help other students. For free. And it would not be that much more work for the university. I think it is easier to correct exams of good students and only a few would really take this possibility as it is really time intensive for the One-on-One tutor. But for some exams and some students that might be worth the effort.
What do you think about it? Do you think we could introduce that model at KIT? Who could propose it? To whom should it be proposed?
Other incentives
If writing the exam again is not an option, we could try to find other incentives for tutors:
- Getting "exclusive" rights:
- Visiting CERN or something similar
- Getting access to equipment of the university (executing your personal projects on KIT clusters, getting access to microscopes, being allowed to use lecture halls)
- "Proud" of the unversity: If we could make KIT students being proud of being a student at KIT the students themselves could want to support fellow students.
I am not sure if there is any incentive which is strong enough to support another student for one semester. Do you have an idea? Please share it in the comments!


In the absence of locking, no guarantees are made about the stability of cursors in different threads of control. However, the Btree, Queue and Recno access methods guarantee that cursor operations, interspersed with any other operation in the same thread of control will always return keys in order and will return each non-deleted key/data pair exactly once. Because the Hash access method uses a dynamic hashing algorithm, it cannot guarantee any form of stability in the presence of inserts and deletes unless transactional locking is performed.
If locking was specified when the Berkeley DB environment was opened, but transactions are not in effect, the access methods provide repeatable reads with respect to the cursor. That is, a DB_CURRENT call on the cursor is guaranteed to return the same record as was returned on the last call to the cursor.
In the presence of transactions, the Btree, Hash and Recno access methods provide degree 3 isolation (serializable transactions). The Queue access method provides degree 3 isolation with the exception that it permits phantom records to appear between calls. That is, deleted records are not locked, therefore another transaction may replace a deleted record between two calls to retrieve it. The record would not appear in the first call but would be seen by the second call. For readers not enclosed in transactions, all access method calls provide degree 2 isolation, that is, reads are not repeatable. A transaction may be declared to run with degree 2 isolation by specifying the DB_READ_COMMITTED flag. Finally, Berkeley DB provides degree 1 isolation when the DB_READ_UNCOMMITTED flag is specified; that is, reads may see data modified in transactions which have not yet committed.
For all access methods, a cursor scan of the database performed within the context of a transaction is guaranteed to return each key/data pair once and only once, except in the following case. If, while performing a cursor scan using the Hash access method, the transaction performing the scan inserts a new pair into the database, it is possible that duplicate key/data pairs will be returned.


| Document number: | ||
|---|---|---|
| Date: | ||
| Project: | Programming Language C++, Evolution Working Group | |
| Reply-to: | Tomasz Kamiński <tomaszkam at gmail dot com> |
This paper argues that C++ requires an language level support for tuple unpacking. It does not propose any specific syntax for the purpose, but rather aim to present motivation for language change.
This section of the paper compares existing library based solution and language based solution in various situations, when the programmer encounters need to unpack an tuple-like object.
In case of language support, we use an unpack(t)
as the temporary syntax
for expression that will turn tuple-like object t
into parameter pack, that can
later expanded or used in fold-expression.
The most common use case for tuple unpacking are situations when user wants to pass the elements
of the tuple t
as the arguments to callable object f
. To accomplish
such task, we may use apply
function that is included in Library Fundamentals TS
and was recently accepted into C++ standard:
std::apply(f, t) f(unpack(t)...)
From the above example, it may look like the language level support does not provide great improvements
when compared with existing library level solutions. However lets imagine a sightly different situation,
when we want to call f
with elements of the tuple t1
and then t2.
Firstly, using the language solution:
f(unpack(t1)..., unpack(t2)...)
For the library level solution, we may perform apply
on the concatenation of arguments tuples:
std::apply(f, std::tuple_cat(t1, t2))
However this solution leads to creation of new tuple with the copies of elements of the original tuple,
with not only introduce unnecessary performance overhead, but may also lead to invalid programs, in situation
when function f
is mutating arguments received by reference. That leads us to other solutions,
that firstly unpacks first tuples using two calls to apply:
std::apply([&t2](auto&&... t1es) -> decltype(auto) { return std::apply([&t1es...](auto&&... t2es) -> decltype(auto) { return f(std::forward<decltype(t1es)>(t1es)..., std::forward<decltype(t2es)>(t2es)...); }, t2); }, t1);
We use perfect forwarding and the decltype(auto)
to make sure that both the tuple elements and
the possible return object from f
invocation as passed without any overhead.
[Bonus question: Is the code really working correctly? Are rvalues forwarded correctly?
Is decltype(t1es)
producing type of the outer lambda parameter, that may be an rvalue reference,
or type of the entity captured as member of the nested lambda (always lvalue reference)]
As std::apply
was written as example of the use of the std::integer_sequence
for
the tuple unpacking code, we may also try to manually expand both tuples, using the same technique:
template<typename F, typename T1, std::size_t... I1, typename T2, std::size_t... I2> decltype(auto) apply_impl(F&& f, T1&& t1, std::index_sequence<I1...>, T2&& t2, std::index_sequence<I2...>) { return std::invoke(std::forward<F>(f), std::get<I1>(std::forward<T1>(t1))..., std::get<I2>(std::forward<T2>(t2))...); } template<typename F, typename T1, typename T2> decltype(auto) apply(F&& f, T1&& t1, T2&& t2) { return apply_impl(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<T1>(t1), std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<std::decay_t<T1>>>{}, std::forward<T2>(t2), std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<std::decay_t<T2>>>{}); }
And then use apply(f, t1, t2)
. This idea may be also extended to support varidatic number of tuple-like arguments
in std::apply
, however such extension will not address the problem. For example if we want lets consider
the situation when we are want to pass two additional object u
and v as the parameters:
f(u, unpack(t1)..., v, unpack(t2)...)
Implementation of code that will achieve above result using current language state is left to the reader.
The one of the inherit constrain of the use of the apply
-based solution is that it requires an callable object
to be passed as the function argument and does not allow to be used to construct object from tuple:
Type var(unpack(t)...);
This constrain may be partially addressed by use of the std::apply
with functor that will construct object
for given set of the arguments, like direct_init
proposed in
P0271R0: 'std::direct_init' for plugging the metaprogramming constructor hole:
auto var = std::apply(std::direct_init<T>(), t);
However in addition to all expressiveness problems described in previous section, solution based on the use of factory
object functor, will have additional drawback, that their will only support only one way initialization type. For
example proposed std::direct_init
can be used only to replace first out of following declarations:
Type var(unpack(t)...); Type var{unpack(t)...}; Type var = {unpack(t)...};
As consequence it cannot be used to initialize STL collection with the elements of the tuple, nor to directly initialize members of the aggregate type.
Additionally usage of the factory functions requires the programmer to explicitly define type of constructed object. At first glance this may look as void constrain, but its essentially prevents template argument deduction for class templates (P0091R1) to be used for object constructed from tuple elements:
tuple tcopy{unpack(t)...}; //creates a tuple with copy of elements of any tuple-like object (even if it was having reference members)
Finally, even in case of existing standard factory functions (std::make_unique
, std::make_tuple
,
emplace
methods of collections), use of std::apply
is not trivial. This is caused by the fact
that all of existing factory functions are declared as function template and cannot be easily passed in place of template
argument. For example following code:
std::make_unique<Type>(unpack(t)...) std::make_tuple(unpack(t)...) v.emplace(unpack(t)...)
Need to be written as:
std::apply([](auto&&... args) { return std::make_unique<Type>(std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...); }, t) std::apply([](auto&&... args) { return std::make_tuple(std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...); }, t) std::apply([&v](auto&&... args) { v.emplace(std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...); }, t)
Ability to unpack the tuple-like object greatly simplifies the process of manipulating
tuple-like objects. For example transforming if we want to create an std::tuple
by
transforming (calling p
on )each element:
std::make_tuple(p(unpack(t))...) std::apply([](auto&&... args) { return std::make_tuple(p(std::forward<decltype(args)>(args))...); }, t)
Adding new elements at front or back of the tuple:
std::make_tuple(unpack(t)..., u) std::tuple_cat(t, std::forward_as_tuple(u)) std::apply([&u](auto&&... args) { return std::make_tuple(std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)..., u); }, t)
[Note: There is difference in behaviour of second and third line in situation when t
contains element
of reference type. First and third lines are equivalent.]
Summing all elements of the tuple (using fold expression):
unpack(t) + ... std::apply([](auto&&... args) -> decltype(auto) { return args + ...; }, t)


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[§143-2.5] Regulation of other animals. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed as a limitation on the authority of the counties to regulate, including by licensure, animals other than dogs. [L 1988, c 270, §2]


Created {{note.addDate | date:'MMM d'}} at {{note.addDate | date:'h:mm aa'}}
create star_border star delete highlight_off


Since being introduced to Firefly: The Board Game by David and Miriam from Tame The Board Game, I have had hours of fun playing this game with various combinations of people. The game is essentially Freelancer on a board. You collect crew, gear and you complete jobs for money, while trying to finish the main task, which is presented in the form of a story.
I have decided to present a short report that may help you choose which strategy to play with in the game and how to optimise your strategy once you have chosen it. Please be aware that the rest of this article expects the reader to have played firefly at least once before. If you have not, you will most likely just be seeing pretty graphs and not understanding what I'm writing about.
Before we get started, I would like to point out that there is already some great material out there that you can use to analyse what is available in the shop decks. First of all, there is a great article presented by Matters of Interest, which has some great graphs detailing what things you can buy where. There is also a great open source project by RhialtoTheMarvellous which will allow you to search what you can find in which deck with a lot of detail. It is also hosted on github, so you can download the source code.
From the box and whisker diagram, we can see that silverhold has far more cheap cards than any of the other decks. Osiris on average has the most expensive cards and it also contains the most expensive cards. It could be wise to try to shop from the cheaper shops in the game, so Silverhold might be a good starting option, with Osiris visited only later in the game.
Osiris has got the most ship upgrades (if you include drive cores). This explains why the cards there are more expensive. Silverhold has the most crew, which is usually the cheapest, but always remember that you will have to pay your crew's wages if you don't want to disgruntle them. Space Bazaar and Silverhold have the joint most amount of gear. Gear is usually more expensive than crew, but you don't pay it a wage, so it usually pays off to have some. In addition, you will definitely want some of the keywords that are featured on gear - they let you through some of the misbehave cards without a test.
Please not that not all the nav cards details have yet been uploaded (I don't yet own Blue Sun). Some Rim Space cards are therefore missing.A solid rep with Harken gets you through 4 Nav cards without incident. Meanwhile Patience and Niska solid reps are only useful for 1 card each. You might want to consider getting solid with Harken at the start of the game, while his pay is at least partly worth it.
These three above sets of results show a breakdown of possible options featured in the nav cards. The need for Fight, Tech and Negotiate skills is more or less evenly distributed in Alliance and Rim space. However, Tech skills dominate in Border space - 9 cards need a Tech test there! The pie charts showing the professions needed for various nav cards show that a Pilot is by far the most useful. However, you will also want a Mechanic, since a Pilot-Mechanic combination will let you get away from Reaver Cutters! I have also shown drawn some pie charts showing the distribution of breakdowns and salvage ops in the nav cards. It is surprising that Alliance space is the only space where there are more breakdowns than salvage ops. There are a whopping 9 salvage op cards in Border space, but flying through there you also have a greater chance of breaking down, with the 5 breakdown cards. If you get bonuses from salvage ops, it may be worthwhile considering trying to keep to border space to make use of the extra salvage op cards.
From a breakdown of the things you need to get through the aim to misbehave cards, we can see that Companion is the most useful profession. Fight and Negotiate skills dominate over tech skills, while Transport and Hacking Rig are the keywords that together will get you through 15 misbehave cards! Out of the cases where specific cards are needed, Wash and River Tam are needed the most, although only twice.
So that's it for now, I hope you have found this report useful. Please follow me on twitter for updates on when I post more random things!


River Raid 2k
It's a intuitive remake game of River Raid. The motivation is just fun in coding, there is no commercial purpose.
The game is made with javascript, canvas and a lot of fun.
view on GitHubIt's a intuitive remake game of River Raid. The motivation is just fun in coding, there is no commercial purpose.
The game is made with javascript, canvas and a lot of fun.
view on GitHub


BULLETPROOF HEART A film review by Christopher Null Copyright 1995 Christopher Null
The suave hitman Mick creeps out of a closet to finish off "the guy that got away." As Mick flexes his leather sap in preparation to beat the mark to death, the poppy strains of The Troggs' "Love Is All Around" pervade the atmosphere, RESERVOIR DOGS-style. We know we're in for something out of the ordinary.
Such is the opening of BULLETPROOF HEART, a feature finally making it to Austin after months in release. The film (originally screened as KILLER) stars Anthony LaPaglia as Mick, a hitman that can't make up his mind whether or not he wants out of his smarmy profession. Tonight's target: Fiona (Mimi Rogers), a classy lady who crossed the wrong people once too often. The movie really gets interesting when Mick is sent to finish her off, Fiona seduces him, and the two develop a profoundly strange and twisted relationship.
What results is a solid entry of the noir vein. Mick falls for the woman and can't bring himself to finish the job, but for some reason (revealed later), Fiona *wants* to die. Matt Craven plays Archie, Mick's bumbling assistant who botched the last job, and who wants to make amends with Mick by passing a self-created test of faith and courage.
BULLETPROOF HEART is a strange film. Many nice touches abound: clever photography, good attention to detail, particularly in costuming and Rogers's makeup, and hauntingly believable acting. The only real problem with the film is the talkiness.  Unfortunately, 90 percent of the film is nothing but the principals chatting--vital to the characterizations, but often lifeless and just not engaging. Still, it's interesting as a character study, but it doesn't *quite* make it as a real noir.
BULLETPROOF HEART is ultimately a solid film (although the use of title cards between sequences is very annoying). In the end, I thought the most intriguing part of the film was its title. BULLETPROOF HEART is supposed to refer to Mick, as a lead-hearted character who can't be swayed from doing his job by anything as blas as a conscience. But I feel it could refer to Fiona just as well, as a woman who can't seem to get herself killed despite all her efforts. The dichotomy between these two characters makes for some interesting investigation. I know I'll be talking about them for awhile.
RATING: ***1/2
+-------------------------------+ |* Unquestionably awful | |** Sub-par on many levels | |*** Average, hits and misses | |**** Good, memorable film | |***** Perfection | +-------------------------------+
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
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belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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Preparation time
30 mins to 1 hour
Cooking time
less than 10 mins
Serves
Serves 6
For the sushi, place the rice in a pan with the water and bring to the boil. Cover and simmer for five minutes, then take off the heat, leave covered and allow to cool.
When the rice is cool, place it into a bowl, season with a pinch of salt and add the sugar and vinegar. Mix well.
Lay out the nori sheets on a work surface and spread a little of the wasabi paste onto each sheet. Place a line of the rice mixture about 2.5cm/1in wide towards the bottom edge of each sheet.
Divide the salmon strips and cucumber and red pepper batons among the nori sheets and roll up tightly. Place into the fridge to chill for 30 minutes, then cut into 5cm/2in long pieces.
For the dipping sauce, heat the vinegar, sugar and chilli in a pan until the sugar dissolves.
To serve, place the sushi rolls onto a large serving plate with a bowl of the dipping sauce, extra wasabi paste, soy sauce and pickled ginger.


If you would like to repeat the demo, click here: To continue with the experiment, click here:
Here are the instructions again: In this part of the experiment, an image of a scene will be shown at the center of the screen. Determine if the image depicts an indoor scene or an outdoor scene. Press 'u' if you think the scene is indoors or 'i' if you think the scene is outdoors.


| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| PojoWriter |
Pojo writer interface for writers based on types supported for pojo.
|
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AbstractPojoRecordReader<T> |
Parent class for all pojo readers.
|
| AbstractPojoWriter<V extends ValueVector> |
Parent class for all pojo writers created for each field.
|
| DynamicPojoRecordReader<T> |
Dynamically reads values from the given list of records.
|
| DynamicPojoRecordReader.Converter |
An utility class that converts from
JsonNode
to DynamicPojoRecordReader during physical plan fragment deserialization. |
| PojoDataType |
This class uses reflection of a Java class to construct a
RecordDataType . |
| PojoRecordReader<T> |
Reads values from the given list of pojo instances.
|
| PojoWriters | |
| PojoWriters.BitWriter |
Pojo writer for boolean.
|
| PojoWriters.DecimalWriter |
Pojo writer for decimal.
|
| PojoWriters.DoubleWriter |
Pojo writer for double.
|
| PojoWriters.EnumWriter |
Pojo writer for Enum.
|
| PojoWriters.IntWriter |
Pojo writer for int.
|
| PojoWriters.LongWriter |
Pojo writer for long.
|
| PojoWriters.NBigIntWriter |
Pojo writer for Long.
|
| PojoWriters.NBooleanWriter |
Pojo writer for Boolean.
|
| PojoWriters.NDoubleWriter |
Pojo writer for Double.
|
| PojoWriters.NIntWriter |
Pojo writer for Integer.
|
| PojoWriters.NTimeStampWriter |
Pojo writer for Timestamp.
|
| PojoWriters.StringWriter |
Pojo writer for String.
|
| Annotation Type | Description |
|---|---|
| NonNullable |
Indicates NonNullable nature
|
Copyright © 2021 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.


The SKY UX modal service allows users to create and launch modals in a consistent way. Several techniques are available to create unit tests for the portions of your application that use modals.
The first way to unit test components that use the modal service is to create tests that launch modals and interacts with them. This allows you to create tests that ensure data is passed properly to the launched modal and then passed back to the caller of the modal service when the modal is saved. The following code shows the setup necessary for this sort of test:
{{noMockSetup}}
The first beforeEach
function configures the testing module with our standard SkyAppTestModule
. The second beforeEach
function injects the SkyModalService
and disposes it to ensure that previous test modals are destroyed. It also saves a reference to applicationRef
, which must be used to detect changes when interacting with the launched modal because the modal content lives outside of the currently tested component.
After this setup, a component that contains logic to launch a modal can be tested with something like the following test:
{{noMockTest}}
In this test example, the ModalLaunchingComponent
is created, a button within the component is clicked to launch the modal, and a button within the modal is clicked to save the modal. (In an actual test, you might use expect
statements to confirm that certain component properties are set after saving the modal.)
Another way to unit test components that launch modals is to mock the SkyModalService
. This is usually the preferred methodology because it allows you to unit test components that launch modals in isolation. The following code shows the setup necessary for this sort of test:
{{mockLaunchSetup}}
In this example, we create a class that mocks the necessary modal service functionality. It provides an open function and saves the callback for the modal closed
subscription. In the beforeEach
function, we configure our testing module and override the SkyModalService
provider with an instance of the MockModalService
that we define.
After this setup, a component that contains logic to launch a modal can be tested by our MockModalService
with something like the following test:
{{mockLaunchTest}}
In this test example, the ModalLaunchingComponent
is created, a button within the component is clicked to launch the modal, and our MockModalService
is called to simulate the modal saving. (In an actual test, you might use expect
statements to confirm that certain component properties are set after saving the modal.)
You can also test a modal component that launches the modal service in isolation. To do this, you must mock SkyModalInstance
, SkyModalHostService
, and SkyModalConfiguration
. The following code shows the setup necessary for this sort of test:
{{mockModalComponentSetup}}
In this example, we create classes that mock the necessary functionality for modal components. After this setup, you can test your modal component in isolation with something like the following test:
{{mockModalComponentTest}}
In this test example, we create a modal component and test it like any other standalone component. Then we can use our MockModalInstance
to verify results of specific actions such as saving the modal.
Next step » Run an end-to-end test for a project
Previous step » Run a unit test


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#include <GrAnimXForm.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| GrAnimXForm () | |
| class header. | |
| GrAnimXForm (const MQuat &rotate, const MVec3 &translate, const MVec3 &scale) | |
| initialize to identity. | |
| GrAnimXForm (const MMat4x4 &xform) | |
| ~GrAnimXForm () | |
| GrAnimXForm & | operator= (const MMat4x4 &xform) |
| public methods | |
| void | SetRotate (const MQuat &rotate) |
| void | SetTranslate (const MVec3 &translate) |
| void | SetScale (const MVec3 &scale) |
| void | SetToIdentity () |
| void | BlendToFast (const GrAnimXForm &xform, float t) |
| void | Accumulate (const GrAnimXForm &xform) |
| void | BuildMatrix (MMat4x4 &mat) |
Definition at line 23 of file GrAnimXForm.h.
| GrAnimXForm::GrAnimXForm | ( | ) |
class header.
File: GrAnimXForm.h Author: Kevin Bray Created: 04-08-06 Copyright © 2004 Bootstrap Studios. All rights reserved. project includes. class GrAnimXForm ctor & dtor
Definition at line 26 of file GrAnimXForm.cpp.
| GrAnimXForm::GrAnimXForm | ( | const MMat4x4 & | xform | ) |
Definition at line 42 of file GrAnimXForm.cpp.
| GrAnimXForm::~GrAnimXForm | ( | ) | [inline] |
Definition at line 29 of file GrAnimXForm.h.
| void GrAnimXForm::Accumulate | ( | const GrAnimXForm & | xform | ) |
Definition at line 114 of file GrAnimXForm.cpp.
| void GrAnimXForm::BlendToFast | ( | const GrAnimXForm & | xform, | |
| float | t | |||
| ) |
Definition at line 104 of file GrAnimXForm.cpp.
| void GrAnimXForm::BuildMatrix | ( | MMat4x4 & | mat | ) |
Definition at line 123 of file GrAnimXForm.cpp.
| GrAnimXForm & GrAnimXForm::operator= | ( | const MMat4x4 & | xform | ) |
| void GrAnimXForm::SetRotate | ( | const MQuat & | rotate | ) |
Definition at line 67 of file GrAnimXForm.cpp.
| void GrAnimXForm::SetScale | ( | const MVec3 & | scale | ) |
Definition at line 81 of file GrAnimXForm.cpp.
| void GrAnimXForm::SetToIdentity | ( | ) |
Definition at line 88 of file GrAnimXForm.cpp.
| void GrAnimXForm::SetTranslate | ( | const MVec3 & | translate | ) |
Definition at line 74 of file GrAnimXForm.cpp.


Loads a CSV file stream and returns the result as a DataFrame
.
Loads a CSV file stream and returns the result as a DataFrame
.
This function will go through the input once to determine the input schema if inferSchema
is enabled. To avoid going through the entire data once, disable inferSchema
option or
specify the schema explicitly using schema
.
You can set the following CSV-specific options to deal with CSV files:
maxFilesPerTrigger
(default: no max limit): sets the maximum number of new files to be
considered in every trigger.sep
(default ,
): sets the single character as a separator for each
field and value.encoding
(default UTF-8
): decodes the CSV files by the given encoding
type.quote
(default "
): sets the single character used for escaping quoted values where
the separator can be part of the value. If you would like to turn off quotations, you need to
set not null
but an empty string. This behaviour is different form
com.databricks.spark.csv
.escape
(default \
): sets the single character used for escaping quotes inside
an already quoted value.comment
(default empty string): sets the single character used for skipping lines
beginning with this character. By default, it is disabled.header
(default false
): uses the first line as names of columns.inferSchema
(default false
): infers the input schema automatically from data. It
requires one extra pass over the data.ignoreLeadingWhiteSpace
(default false
): a flag indicating whether or not leading
whitespaces from values being read should be skipped.ignoreTrailingWhiteSpace
(default false
): a flag indicating whether or not trailing
whitespaces from values being read should be skipped.nullValue
(default empty string): sets the string representation of a null value. Since
2.0.1, this applies to all supported types including the string type.nanValue
(default NaN
): sets the string representation of a non-number" value.positiveInf
(default Inf
): sets the string representation of a positive infinity
value.negativeInf
(default -Inf
): sets the string representation of a negative infinity
value.dateFormat
(default yyyy-MM-dd
): sets the string that indicates a date format.
Custom date formats follow the formats at java.text.SimpleDateFormat
. This applies to
date type.timestampFormat
(default yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSXXX
): sets the string that
indicates a timestamp format. Custom date formats follow the formats at
java.text.SimpleDateFormat
. This applies to timestamp type.maxColumns
(default 20480
): defines a hard limit of how many columns
a record can have.maxCharsPerColumn
(default -1
): defines the maximum number of characters allowed
for any given value being read. By default, it is -1 meaning unlimited lengthmode
(default PERMISSIVE
): allows a mode for dealing with corrupt records
during parsing. It supports the following case-insensitive modes.PERMISSIVE
: sets other fields to null
when it meets a corrupted record, and puts
the malformed string into a field configured by columnNameOfCorruptRecord
. To keep
corrupt records, an user can set a string type field named columnNameOfCorruptRecord
in an user-defined schema. If a schema does not have the field, it drops corrupt records
during parsing. When a length of parsed CSV tokens is shorter than an expected length
of a schema, it sets null
for extra fields.DROPMALFORMED
: ignores the whole corrupted records.FAILFAST
: throws an exception when it meets corrupted records.columnNameOfCorruptRecord
(default is the value specified in
spark.sql.columnNameOfCorruptRecord
): allows renaming the new field having malformed string
created by PERMISSIVE
mode. This overrides spark.sql.columnNameOfCorruptRecord
.multiLine
(default false
): parse one record, which may span multiple lines.2.0.0
Specifies the input data source format.
Specifies the input data source format.
2.0.0
Loads a JSON file stream and returns the results as a DataFrame
.
Loads a JSON file stream and returns the results as a DataFrame
.
JSON Lines (newline-delimited JSON) is supported by
default. For JSON (one record per file), set the multiLine
option to true.
This function goes through the input once to determine the input schema. If you know the schema in advance, use the version that specifies the schema to avoid the extra scan.
You can set the following JSON-specific options to deal with non-standard JSON files:
maxFilesPerTrigger
(default: no max limit): sets the maximum number of new files to be
considered in every trigger.primitivesAsString
(default false
): infers all primitive values as a string typeprefersDecimal
(default false
): infers all floating-point values as a decimal
type. If the values do not fit in decimal, then it infers them as doubles.allowComments
(default false
): ignores Java/C++ style comment in JSON recordsallowUnquotedFieldNames
(default false
): allows unquoted JSON field namesallowSingleQuotes
(default true
): allows single quotes in addition to double quotesallowNumericLeadingZeros
(default false
): allows leading zeros in numbers
(e.g. 00012)allowBackslashEscapingAnyCharacter
(default false
): allows accepting quoting of all
character using backslash quoting mechanismmode
(default PERMISSIVE
): allows a mode for dealing with corrupt records
during parsing.PERMISSIVE
: sets other fields to null
when it meets a corrupted record, and puts
the malformed string into a field configured by columnNameOfCorruptRecord
. To keep
corrupt records, an user can set a string type field named columnNameOfCorruptRecord
in an user-defined schema. If a schema does not have the field, it drops corrupt records
during parsing. When inferring a schema, it implicitly adds a columnNameOfCorruptRecord
field in an output schema.DROPMALFORMED
: ignores the whole corrupted records.FAILFAST
: throws an exception when it meets corrupted records.columnNameOfCorruptRecord
(default is the value specified in
spark.sql.columnNameOfCorruptRecord
): allows renaming the new field having malformed string
created by PERMISSIVE
mode. This overrides spark.sql.columnNameOfCorruptRecord
.dateFormat
(default yyyy-MM-dd
): sets the string that indicates a date format.
Custom date formats follow the formats at java.text.SimpleDateFormat
. This applies to
date type.timestampFormat
(default yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSXXX
): sets the string that
indicates a timestamp format. Custom date formats follow the formats at
java.text.SimpleDateFormat
. This applies to timestamp type.multiLine
(default false
): parse one record, which may span multiple lines,
per file2.0.0
Loads input in as a DataFrame
, for data streams that read from some path.
Loads input in as a DataFrame
, for data streams that read from some path.
2.0.0
Loads input data stream in as a DataFrame
, for data streams that don't require a path
(e.g.
Loads input data stream in as a DataFrame
, for data streams that don't require a path
(e.g. external key-value stores).
2.0.0
Adds an input option for the underlying data source.
Adds an input option for the underlying data source.
2.0.0
Adds an input option for the underlying data source.
Adds an input option for the underlying data source.
2.0.0
Adds an input option for the underlying data source.
Adds an input option for the underlying data source.
2.0.0
Adds an input option for the underlying data source.
Adds an input option for the underlying data source.
You can set the following option(s):
timeZone
(default session local timezone): sets the string that indicates a timezone
to be used to parse timestamps in the JSON/CSV datasources or partition values.2.0.0
Adds input options for the underlying data source.
Adds input options for the underlying data source.
You can set the following option(s):
timeZone
(default session local timezone): sets the string that indicates a timezone
to be used to parse timestamps in the JSON/CSV datasources or partition values.2.0.0
(Scala-specific) Adds input options for the underlying data source.
(Scala-specific) Adds input options for the underlying data source.
You can set the following option(s):
timeZone
(default session local timezone): sets the string that indicates a timezone
to be used to parse timestamps in the JSON/CSV datasources or partition values.2.0.0
Loads a Parquet file stream, returning the result as a DataFrame
.
Loads a Parquet file stream, returning the result as a DataFrame
.
You can set the following Parquet-specific option(s) for reading Parquet files:
maxFilesPerTrigger
(default: no max limit): sets the maximum number of new files to be
considered in every trigger.mergeSchema
(default is the value specified in spark.sql.parquet.mergeSchema
): sets
whether we should merge schemas collected from all
Parquet part-files. This will override
spark.sql.parquet.mergeSchema
.2.0.0
Specifies the input schema.
Specifies the input schema. Some data sources (e.g. JSON) can infer the input schema automatically from data. By specifying the schema here, the underlying data source can skip the schema inference step, and thus speed up data loading.
2.0.0
Loads text files and returns a DataFrame
whose schema starts with a string column named
"value", and followed by partitioned columns if there are any.
Loads text files and returns a DataFrame
whose schema starts with a string column named
"value", and followed by partitioned columns if there are any.
Each line in the text files is a new row in the resulting DataFrame. For example:
// Scala: spark.readStream.text("/path/to/directory/") // Java: spark.readStream().text("/path/to/directory/")
You can set the following text-specific options to deal with text files:
maxFilesPerTrigger
(default: no max limit): sets the maximum number of new files to be
considered in every trigger.2.0.0
Loads text file(s) and returns a Dataset
of String.
Loads text file(s) and returns a Dataset
of String. The underlying schema of the Dataset
contains a single string column named "value".
If the directory structure of the text files contains partitioning information, those are
ignored in the resulting Dataset. To include partitioning information as columns, use text
.
Each line in the text file is a new element in the resulting Dataset. For example:
// Scala: spark.readStream.textFile("/path/to/spark/README.md") // Java: spark.readStream().textFile("/path/to/spark/README.md")
You can set the following text-specific options to deal with text files:
maxFilesPerTrigger
(default: no max limit): sets the maximum number of new files to be
considered in every trigger.input path
2.1.0
Interface used to load a streaming
Dataset
from external storage systems (e.g. file systems, key-value stores, etc). UseSparkSession.readStream
to access this.2.0.0


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block custom_title %} {{ title }} {% endblock custom_title %} {% block site_content %} Welcome to NST Create an account and start exploring Neural Style Transfer. {% csrf_token %} {% if has_error %} Something went wrong. Please try later. {% else %} {% endif %} {% endblock site_content %}
Create an account and start exploring Neural Style Transfer.
Something went wrong. Please try later.


Michael Cronin Cemetery
The Michael Cronin Cemetery is one of the casualties of time in Monroe County. There are no longer any tombstones on the site. This cemetery is believed to be the final resting place of Michael Cronin, one of the early pioneers in Monroe County. An effort will be made to locate the old cemetery and measure the latitude and longitude before it fades completely from memory.


Each round, you are presented with a poker situation with only the river card remaining to be dealt.
If your hand is beating or tied with the opponents' hand, determine how many cards remaining in the deck result in an opponent's outright win. If your hand is behind the opponents' hand, determine how many cards result in your win or tie.
Each correct answer scores you points. Consecutive correct answers score more points. Past the first round, the faster you answer the more points you score.
Good luck!


Thank You For Submitting the case with us.
Following are the analysis performed by the platform based on parameters provided and the cases reported in your area
| Disease | Common Symptoms | Depicted Symptoms | Age Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| {{item.diseaseName}} |
{{sym}} |
{{sym}} |
{{item.ageRange}} |
In Case of further data like test kits and further support please connect.


--- title: "The Team" ---
We are the team that brings you the best experience in all things technology.
{% include snippets/join-us.html %}
{% assign committee = site.data.committee | sort | reverse %}Skip to: {% for team in committee.first.teams %} {% if forloop.first %} CompSoc Committee {% else %} · {{ team.name }} {% endif %} {% endfor %}
{% endif %} {% for team in cohort.teams %}


A smooth, mild blend of coffees from Mexico, Bolivia and Gautemala. A smooth, mild blend of coffees from Mexico, Bolivia and Gautemala. A smooth, mild blend of coffees from Mexico, Bolivia and Gautemala. A smooth, mild blend of coffees from Mexico, Bolivia and Gautemala. A smooth, mild blend of coffees from Mexico, Bolivia and Gautemala. A smooth, mild blend of coffees from Mexico, Bolivia and Gautemala. A smooth, mild blend of coffees from Mexico, Bolivia and Gautemala. A smooth, mild blend of coffees from Mexico, Bolivia and Gautemala. A smooth, mild blend of coffees from Mexico, Bolivia and Gautemala. A smooth, mild blend of coffees from Mexico, Bolivia and Gautemala. A smooth, mild blend of coffees from Mexico, Bolivia and Gautemala. A smooth, mild blend of coffees from Mexico, Bolivia and Gautemala. A smooth, mild blend of coffees from Mexico, Bolivia and Gautemala. A smooth, mild blend of coffees from Mexico, Bolivia and Gautemala.
Espesso, Steamed milk and Chocolate syrup. Espesso, Steamed milk and Chocolate syrup. Espesso, Steamed milk and Chocolate syrup. Espesso, Steamed milk and Chocolate syrup. Espesso, Steamed milk and Chocolate syrup. Espesso, Steamed milk and Chocolate syrup. Espesso, Steamed milk and Chocolate syrup. Espesso, Steamed milk and Chocolate syrup. Espesso, Steamed milk and Chocolate syrup. Espesso, Steamed milk and Chocolate syrup. Espesso, Steamed milk and Chocolate syrup. Espesso, Steamed milk and Chocolate syrup. Espesso, Steamed milk and Chocolate syrup.
A miture of espresso, steamed milk and foam. A miture of espresso, steamed milk and foam. A miture of espresso, steamed milk and foam. A miture of espresso, steamed milk and foam. A miture of espresso, steamed milk and foam. A miture of espresso, steamed milk and foam. A miture of espresso, steamed milk and foam. A miture of espresso, steamed milk and foam. A miture of espresso, steamed milk and foam. A miture of espresso, steamed milk and foam. A miture of espresso, steamed milk and foam.
A spicy drink made with black tea, spices, milk and honey. A spicy drink made with black tea, spices, milk and honey. A spicy drink made with black tea, spices, milk and honey. A spicy drink made with black tea, spices, milk and honey. A spicy drink made with black tea, spices, milk and honey. A spicy drink made with black tea, spices, milk and honey. A spicy drink made with black tea, spices, milk and honey. A spicy drink made with black tea, spices, milk and honey. A spicy drink made with black tea, spices, milk and honey. A spicy drink made with black tea, spices, milk and honey. A spicy drink made with black tea, spices, milk and honey. A spicy drink made with black tea, spices, milk and honey. A spicy drink made with black tea, spices, milk and honey.


A unique ID to identify this instrumentation within a build. This is non-optional and may only contain
alphanumerical latin letters and the special characters -
and _
. It is used in URLs
and directory names. Must be between 1 and 64 characters long.
If at the time this build step runs a directory kieker.<runId>
already exists, the build
step will abort and fail the build.


{% include "includes/article_header.html" %} {{ article.content }} {% include "includes/article_footer.html" %} {% if DISQUS_SITENAME %} {% include "includes/disqus.html" %} {% endif %}


Table of Contents
Freeing you from hacking SQL queries is the main purpose of the database interfaces. At the time there's only support for MySQL databases.


Privacy Policy
Privacy Policy
This Privacy Policy governs the manner in which Xrp Chat collects, uses, maintains and discloses information collected from users (each, a "User") of the https://www.xrpchat.com/ website ("Site"). This privacy policy applies to the Site any and all products and services offered by Xrp Chat.
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We may collect personal identification information from Users in a variety of ways, including, but not limited to, when Users visit our site, register on the site, place an order, fill out a form, and in connection with other activities, services, features or resources we make available on our Site. Users may be asked for, as appropriate, name, email address, mailing address, phone number. Users may, however, visit our Site anonymously. We will collect personal identification information from Users only if they voluntarily submit such information to us. Users can always refuse to supply personally identification information, except that it may prevent them from engaging in certain Site related activities.
Non-personal identification information
We may collect non-personal identification information about Users whenever they interact with our Site. Non-personal identification information may include the browser name, User's IP address, the type of computer and technical information about Users means of connection to our Site, such as the operating system and the Internet service providers utilized and other similar information.
Web browser cookies
Our Site may use "cookies" to enhance User experience. User's web browser places cookies on their hard drive for record-keeping purposes and sometimes to track information about them. User may choose to set their web browser to refuse cookies, or to alert you when cookies are being sent. If they do so, note that some parts of the Site may not function properly.
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Xrp Chat may collect and use Users personal information for the following purposes:
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- Information you provide helps us respond to your customer service requests and support needs more efficiently.
- To improve our Site
- We may use feedback you provide to improve our products and services.
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By using this Site, you signify your acceptance of this policy and our terms of service. If you do not agree to this policy, you may not use our Site. Your continued use of the Site following the posting of changes to this policy will be deemed your acceptance of those changes.
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Policy last updated on:
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{% extends "classifier/base.html" %} {% block content %}
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{% else %}The data communication to the website has been blocked due to the following reason:
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--- layout: post title: "Church-encoded Boolean values" description: "Boolean values, and logical branching, don't have to be built into programming languages. An introduction for object-oriented programmers." date: 2018-05-24 4:49 UTC tags: [Software Design, Haskell] --- {% include JB/setup %}
{{ page.description }}
This article is part of a series of articles about Church encoding.
Years ago, the so-called Anti-IF Campaign made the rounds on various social media (back then, IIRC, mostly known as 'the blogosphere'). The purpose of the campaign was never to eradicate every single use of if
statements or expressions in source code, but rather to educate people about alternatives to the Arrow anti-pattern.
One easy way to deal with arrow code is to Replace Nested Conditionals with Guard Clauses, but that's not always possible. Another way is to encapsulate some if
blocks in helper methods. Yet another way would be to use polymorphic dispatch, but how does that even work? Don't you, deep down, need at least a few if
keywords here and there?
It turns out that the answer, surprisingly, is no.
if/then/else
expressions are based on Boolean values (true and false): if some Boolean value is true, then something happens; otherwise, something else happens. Most programming languages, including C, C++, Java, C#, and JavaScript, have a ternary operator, which in C# looks like this:
isEven ? "Probably not a prime." : "Could be a prime.";
You can think of an expression like that as a function that takes a Boolean value and two potential return values: one for the true case, and one for the false case.
In lambda calculus, the only primitive building blocks are functions. There's no built-in Boolean values, but you can define them with functions. Boolean values are functions that take two arguments. By conventions, the first argument (the one to the left) represents the true case, whereas the second argument (to the right) signifies the false case - just like the ternary operator. In the lambda calculus, functions are curried, but we know from uncurry isomorphisms that we can also represent a two-argument function as a function that takes a two-tuple (a pair) as a single argument. Furthermore, we know from function isomorphisms that we can represent a function as an instance method. Therefore, we can declare a Boolean value in C# to be an object that implements this interface:
public interface IChurchBoolean { object Match(object trueCase, object falseCase); }
You'll notice that I've chosen to call the method Match
, for reasons that should hopefully become clear as we go along.
The intent with such a Church-encoded Boolean is that any object that represents true should return the left argument (trueCase
), whereas an object that represents false should return the right argument (falseCase
).
In other words, true is an interface implementation:
public class ChurchTrue : IChurchBoolean { public object Match(object trueCase, object falseCase) { return trueCase; } }
Notice that this implementation always returns trueCase
while ignoring falseCase
. No explicit if
statement is required.
Likewise, false is implemented the same way:
public class ChurchFalse : IChurchBoolean { public object Match(object trueCase, object falseCase) { return falseCase; } }
So far, this doesn't offer much capability, but it does already give you the ability to choose between two values, as this little C# Interactive session demonstrates:
> var b = new ChurchTrue(); > b.Match("foo", "bar") "foo" > var b = new ChurchFalse(); > b.Match("foo", "bar") "bar"
When 'the Boolean value' is a ChurchTrue
instance, then the left argument is returned; otherwise, when b
is a ChurchFalse
object, the return value is the right-hand value - just like the ternary operator.
You can now define the standard Boolean operators and, or, and not. Starting with and:
public class ChurchAnd : IChurchBoolean { private readonly IChurchBoolean x; private readonly IChurchBoolean y; public ChurchAnd(IChurchBoolean x, IChurchBoolean y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; } public object Match(object trueCase, object falseCase) { return x.Match(y.Match(trueCase, falseCase), falseCase); } }
The ChurchAnd
class is an implementation of IChurchBoolean
that composes two other IChurchBoolean
values, x
and y
. You can use it like this:
var b = new ChurchAnd(new ChurchTrue(), new ChurchFalse());
In this case, b
represents false, because it'll always return the right-hand argument when Match
is invoked.
Notice that the implementation of ChurchAnd.Match
first matches on x
. Only if x
itself is true can the expression passed as the first argument be returned; otherwise, falseCase
will be returned. Thus, if x
is true, the expression y.Match(trueCase, falseCase)
will be returned, and only if that as well evaluates to true is the final result true. The trueCase
value is only returned if y
represents true, as well as x
.
In the lambda calculus, Boolean and is defined like this:
and = λx.λy.λt.λf.x (y t f) f
The way to read this is that Boolean and is a function that takes four arguments:
x
, a Boolean valuey
, another Boolean valuet
, the value to return if the expression is true; the trueCase
argument in the above C# implementation.f
, the value to return if the expression is false; the falseCase
argument in the above C# implementation.x
and y
are functions. and
calls x
with two arguments. Since Boolean and requires both x
and y
to be true, it passes f
as the second argument to x
, because if x
represents false, it'll return its right-hand argument. Only if x
represents true does it make sense to investigate the Boolean value of y
, which is also a function that takes two arguments. Only if y
also represents true will t
be returned.
This is exactly the same implementation as the above C# code.
Wait a minute, though, didn't I write that Boolean values are functions that take two arguments? And isn't and
a function that takes four arguments?
Yes, indeed. That's how currying works. You can view and
as a function that takes four arguments, but you can also view it as a function that takes two arguments (x
and y
) and returns another function that takes two arguments. This becomes clearer with partial application. When translating to C#, the 'contract' (that a Boolean value is a function that takes two arguments) is modelled as the interface IChurchBoolean
, while the 'extra arguments' x
and y
become class fields, injected via the class' constructor.
In the lambda calculus, Boolean or is defined like this:
or = λx.λy.λt.λf.x t (y t f)
Translated to C#, this becomes:
public class ChurchOr : IChurchBoolean { private readonly IChurchBoolean x; private readonly IChurchBoolean y; public ChurchOr(IChurchBoolean x, IChurchBoolean y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; } public object Match(object trueCase, object falseCase) { return x.Match(trueCase, y.Match(trueCase, falseCase)); } }
You can see that this is another direct translation. Boolean or only requires (at least) one of the Boolean values to be true, so if x
is true, you can immediately return trueCase
. Otherwise, in the case where x
is false, there's still a chance that the entire expression could be true, so you'll have to evaluate y
as well. When y
represents true, you can still return trueCase
. Only when y
is also false should you return falseCase
.
You can use ChurchOr
like this:
var b = new ChurchOr(new ChurchTrue(), new ChurchFalse());
Here, b
is true because true or false is true.
Finally, you can also define Boolean negation. In lambda calculus it's:
not = λx.λt.λf.x f t
Notice how this simply swaps the arguments passed to x
. In C#, this translates to:
public class ChurchNot : IChurchBoolean { private readonly IChurchBoolean b; public ChurchNot(IChurchBoolean b) { this.b = b; } public object Match(object trueCase, object falseCase) { return b.Match(falseCase, trueCase); } }
You can combine all the Boolean operators like this:
var b = new ChurchOr(new ChurchFalse(), new ChurchNot(new ChurchTrue()));
Here, b
is false because false or (not true) is false.
So far, the IChurchBoolean
interface has been untyped, in the sense that it took object
arguments and had an object
return type. You can, however, easily make the interface strongly typed, using generics:
public interface IChurchBoolean { T Match<T>(T trueCase, T falseCase); }
This doesn't really change the rest of the code you've seen in this article. The method signatures chance, but the implementations remain as shown. You can see the change in this commit.
The strongly typed signature accentuates that the Match
method is a binary operation; it takes two values of the type T
and returns a single T
value. Is it a monoid, then?
It's not a single monoid, but rather a collection of semigroups, some of which are monoids as well. The implementation of ChurchTrue
corresponds to the first semigroup, and ChurchFalse
to the last semigroup. You can make this explict in Haskell:
import Data.Semigroup churchTrue :: a -> a -> a churchTrue t f = getFirst (First t <> First f)
If you compare this implementation of churchTrue
to the Travis Whitaker's true
function, his is much simpler. I'm not suggesting that using First
is better; I'm only trying to illustrate the connection.
If you aren't familiar with how things are done in Haskell, <>
is the 'generic semigroup binary operator'. What it does depends on the type of expressions surrounding it. By wrapping both t
and f
in First
containers, the <>
operator becomes the operator that always returns the first argument (i.e. First t
). Since the result is a First
value, you have to unwrap it again by applying getFirst
.

The any and all monoids are implemented as compositions of these two fundamental semigroups. In the C# code in this article, they're implemented by ChurchAnd
and ChurchOr
, although in neither case have I defined an explicit identity value. This is, however, possible, so let's continue with the Haskell code to see what that would look like. First, you can define the 'naked' operations:
churchAnd x y t f = x (y t f) f churchOr x y t f = x t (y t f)
I have here omitted the type signatures on purpose, as I believe they might confuse rather than help. In both cases, the logic is the same as in the above ChurchAnd
and ChurchOr
classes, although, as you can see, Haskell code is much terser.
These two functions already work as desired, but we can easily turn both into their respective monoids. First, the all monoid:
newtype ChurchAll = ChurchAll { runAll :: forall a. a -> a -> a } instance Semigroup ChurchAll where ChurchAll x <> ChurchAll y = ChurchAll (churchAnd x y) instance Monoid ChurchAll where mempty = ChurchAll churchTrue mappend = (<>)
In order for this code to compile, you must enable the RankNTypes language extension, which I did by adding the {-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
pragma to the top of my code file. The forall a
declaration corresponds to the <T>
type annotation on the C# Match
method. You can think of this as that the type argument is scoped to the function instead of the type.
The Semigroup
instance simply delegates its behaviour to churchAnd
, and the Monoid
instance returns churchTrue
as the identity (mempty
).
Similarly, you can implement the any monoid:
newtype ChurchAny = ChurchAny { runAny :: forall a. a -> a -> a } instance Semigroup ChurchAny where ChurchAny x <> ChurchAny y = ChurchAny (churchOr x y) instance Monoid ChurchAny where mempty = ChurchAny churchFalse mappend = (<>)
As is also the case with ChurchAll
, the ChurchAny
instance of Semigroup
simply delegates to a 'naked' function (in this case churchOr
), and the Monoid
instance again delegates mappend
to <>
and returns churchFalse
as the identity.
The following brief GHCi session demonstrates that it all works as intended:
λ> runAny (ChurchAny churchTrue <> ChurchAny churchFalse) "foo" "bar" "foo" λ> runAny (ChurchAny churchFalse <> ChurchAny churchFalse) "foo" "bar" "bar" λ> runAll (ChurchAll churchFalse <> ChurchAll churchTrue) "foo" "bar" "bar" λ> runAll (ChurchAll churchTrue <> ChurchAll churchTrue) "foo" "bar" "foo"
Recall that a Church-encoded Boolean is a function that takes two values - in all the four above examples "foo"
and "bar"
. When the expression represents true it returns the left-hand value ("foo"
); otherwise, it returns the right-hand value ("bar"
).
In summary, the Church-encoded Boolean values true and false correspond to the first and last semigroups. You can compose the well-known monoids over Boolean values using these two basic building blocks.
You'd normally think of Boolean values as language primitives. True and false are built into most languages, as well as common operators like and, or, and not. While this is convenient, it doesn't have to be like this. Even in languages that already have built-in support for Boolean values, like Haskell or C#, you can define Church-encoded Boolean values from first principles.
In the lambda calculus, a Boolean value is function that takes two arguments and returns the left-hand argument when true, and the right-hand argument when false.
At this point, it may seem like you can't do much with the IChurchBoolean
API. How could you, for instance, determine whether an integer is even or odd?
This innocuous-looking question is harder to answer than you may think, so that's worthy of its own article.


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Reports 'switch' statements, which can be replaced with enhanced 'switch' statement or expression.
Available if the language level is at least Java 12 Preview.
New in 2019.1


1933 - Leaves his family's farm to attend the University of Minnesota,
thanks to a Depression era program known as the "National Youth
Administration"
1935 - Has to stop school and save up more money. Works in the
Civilian Conservation Corps, helping starving Americans. "I saw how
food changed them", he said. "All of this left scars on me."
1937 - Finishes university and takes a job in the US Forestry Service
If you have time, you should read more about this incredible human being on his
Wikepedia entry


By enabling the payment history, residents will be able to see what {{ $ctrl.payPeriodName }} they're paying for. As payments are made, this chart will be automatically updated. Be certain to have at least each home's most recent payment recorded because that is how residents will know what payment they're making next.
| Est. Balance |
{{ period.name }}
(Special)
|
|
|---|---|---|
|
{{ unit.name }}
{{ owner.name ? owner.name : " " }}
|
{{ unit.estBalance | currency }} |
{{ payment.amount | currency }}
{{ payment.amount | currency }}
|
| {{ payer.name }} |
{{ payment.amount | currency }}
|
|
| Sum: | {{ $ctrl.totalEstBalance | currency }} | {{ $ctrl.getPaymentSumForPayPeriod( $index ) | currency }} |


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The facts are as follows:
- The two two twain residence has an unlimited supply of stone gargoyles.
- The two two twain residence has a butler.
- The butler is blind.
- The doorbell is quite loud.
- In fact it is a shriek. On rainy days it produces a lasting impression on the visitor.
- The day, with which we are concerned, was a rainy day. And there were many visitors expected.
- Consequently many shrieks were heard in the two two twain residence that day.
- One of those shrieks was produced by an actual woman.
- But that was due to the unnerving incident at the front gate followed by an unnerving incident at the room that left Mrs Charleston thoroughly unsettled and she gave out a shriek.
- Mrs Marbles takes care of her nurse.
- She is by profession a detective.
- In fact every visitor in the two two twain residence is a detective.
- They are here to solve a crime that has not been committed yet.
- But they shall have dinner first.
- The butler is given the charge of a deaf cook to prepare the meal for the guests of the two two twain residence.
- The cook is not only deaf but also dumb and can neither read nor write.
- Hence she just sits on a chair all while the butler is under the impression that she is cooking.
- The butler meanwhile assumes that the preparations are "light on seasoning" and goes on to serve the dishes.
- M. Pierre who has been hungry since he arrived is offended that there is nothing to serve.
- The clock strikes 11.
From this point on wards my memory is a bit hazy and I can not recollect the actual circumstances surrounding the events that took place after 11. I will try my best to give a record of the facts but they can not be trusted. Better watch the movie for your self
- The master of two two twain residence introduces himself.
- A murder is announced.
- The murderer still lurks in the dark.
- The prize money is revealed.
- The master retires into the adjoining room.
- The butler is dead.
- His clothes are missing.
- Detectives investigate.
- A knife is missing.
- The mystery of two dining halls!
- The mystery of two bathrooms!
- The puzzle of the two two twain residence.
- The butlers clothes reappear.
- The butler however disappears.
- The detectives join hands and pray.
- Another murder is committed despite their prayers.
- The detectives retire to their bed rooms.
- Attempt is made to kill all of them.
- The attempt is unsuccessful.
The solution to mystery by detective 1, detective 2,detective 3,detective 4 and detective 5.
It is accepted that all solutions are correct ! and yet the crime remains unsolved. Can you solve it ?


--- layout: default permalink: /de/products/ weight: 2 lang: de id: products --- {% assign t = site.data.translations.[page.lang].products %}


|
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| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object org.jredis.Encode
public class Encode
Note that this is the one element of this package that is most likely to change
drastically. It is provided, for now, as a helper for using JRedis
.
[TODO: document me!]
| Field Summary | |
|---|---|
static java.nio.charset.Charset |
SUPPORTED_CHARSET
|
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
Encode()
|
| Method Summary | ||
|---|---|---|
static
|
decode(byte[] bytes)
This helper method will assume that the byte[] provided are the serialized bytes obtainable for an instance of type T obtained from ObjectOutputStream
and subsequently stored as a value for a Redis key (regardless of key type). |
|
static
|
decode(java.util.List<byte[]> byteList)
This helper method will assume the List JRedis method such as JRedis.smembers(String) , and that this
list contains the encode(Serializable) ed bytes of the parametric type T . |
|
static
|
encode(T obj)
This helper method will serialize the given serializable object of type T to a byte[], suitable for use as a value for a redis key, regardless of the key type. |
|
static java.lang.Integer |
toInt(byte[] bytes)
|
|
static java.lang.Long |
toLong(byte[] bytes)
This helper method will convert the byte[] to a Long . |
|
static java.lang.String |
toStr(byte[] bytes)
|
|
static java.util.List<java.lang.String> |
toStr(java.util.List<byte[]> bytearray)
This helper method is mainly intended for use with a list of keys returned from Redis, given that it will use the UTF-8 Charset in decoding the byte array. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
|---|
public static final java.nio.charset.Charset SUPPORTED_CHARSET
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public Encode()
| Method Detail |
|---|
public static final java.util.List<java.lang.String> toStr(java.util.List<byte[]> bytearray)
Charset
in decoding the byte array. Typical use would
be to convert from the ListJRedis.keys()
bytearray
-
public static final java.lang.String toStr(byte[] bytes)
bytes
-
public static final java.lang.Integer toInt(byte[] bytes)
bytes
-
public static final java.lang.Long toLong(byte[] bytes)
Long
.
bytes
-
public static final <T extends java.io.Serializable> java.util.List<T> decode(java.util.List<byte[]> byteList)
JRedis
method such as JRedis.smembers(String)
, and that this
list contains the encode(Serializable)
ed bytes of the parametric type T
.
Specifically, this method will instantiate an ArrayList
for type T, of equal
size to the size of bytelist List
. Then it will iterate over the byte list
and for each byte[] list item call decode(byte[])
.
Usage example:
List memberBytes = redis.smembers("my-object-set");
List members = decode (memberBytes);
T
- byteList
-
public static final <T extends java.io.Serializable> T decode(byte[] bytes)
ObjectOutputStream
and subsequently stored as a value for a Redis key (regardless of key type).
Specifically, this method will simply do:
ObjectInputStream oin = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes));
t = (T) oin.readObject();
and returning the reference t, and throwing any exceptions encountered along
the way.
This method is the decoding peer of encode(Serializable)
, and it is
assumed (and certainly recommended) that you use these two methods in tandem.
Naturally, all caveats, rules, and considerations that generally apply to Serializable
and the Object Serialization specification apply.
T
- bytes
-
T
public static final <T extends java.io.Serializable> byte[] encode(T obj)
T
- obj
-
|
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| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


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BUFFALO '66 (director: Vincent Gallo; cast: Vincent Gallo (Billy Brown), Christina Ricci (Layla), Angelica Huston (Janet Brown), Ben Gazzara (Jimmy Brown), Mickey Rourke (Bookie), Jan-Michael Vincent (Sonny), Rosanna Arquette (Wendy), Kevin Corrigan (Goon), 1998)
This self-absorbing, arty film about a lowlife, has Billy Brown (Vincent) return to the same 1966 Buffalo home he was born in and face again, though this time as an adult, his same old dysfunctional homelife. His parents are Janet Brown (Angelica) and Jimmy Brown (Ben). Janet is a gung-ho Buffalo Bills fan who is more interested in them than she is in her son. Jimmy is a poor imitation of a Sinatra-like singer, having once been a professional singer himself but now appears despondent and lecherous.
 He bets 10 grand on the Bills to win the superbowl and when he doesn't have the coin to pay the bookie, he is forced to do jail time for someone else's crime as payment for his debt. After serving 5 years, Billy returns to Buffalo (which looks vulgar and seedy). He tries desperately to find a bathroom, and, instead, mistakingly goes into a dance studio; subsequently, coming up with the idea of kidnapping Layla (Christina).  He tells her, if she doesn't come, he won't be her best friend.  His plan is to bring her to his parents, so this way he can cover up his jail time, since he told them he couldn't see them for the last 5 years because of a sensitive spy job with the CIA. His hope is that they will now become impressed with him.
His plan is absurd, of course. But how else can you explain Billy as anything but absurd. It is something that Layla sees about him for herself, but she still falls for him. Some people call that love.
The film throws its bowling ball into the gutter a few times, as it belabors its points about sexual repression and phobias. It focuses too much attention on the Billy character; we never get to know much about who this nice young girl is who falls for him and is not alarmed about the kidnapping, and eventually saves him from himself. She is the best character in this film. Vincent is excellent when he goes into his scurvy character routine, but hard to take when he behaves so obsessively violent.
The comedic edge to the story works well, though at times the film is too arty. When Billy imagines that he is trying to kill the field goal kicker who lost the superbowl game he bet on, there are just too many unnecessary flashbacks of those scenes. It is as if, Vincent, as the director, is trying to beat us over the head with the point he is making about Billy's life being a constant foul-up ... In the end, that Billy is redeemed by the love of this insecure girl, the only one in his entire life who is able to offer him some kind of love, is a miracle worth savoring. This is an uneven but successful film debut for Vincent, both as a director and as a star.
REVIEWED ON 10/15/98 GRADE: B
Dennis Schwartz: "Ozus' World Movie Reviews"
http://www.sover.net/~ozus
© ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DENNIS SCHWARTZ
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


---
layout: post
authors: ["Greg Wilson"]
title: "'Best Practices' Has Been Published"
date: 2014-01-07
time: "22:00:00"
tags: ["Announcements"]
---
I'm very pleased to announce that our paper
Best Practices for Scientific Computing
has been published in PLOS Biology.
It presents 24 specific things scientists can do to get more done in less time with less pain:
- Write programs for people, not computers.
- A program should not require its readers to hold more than a handful of facts in memory at once.
- Make names consistent, distinctive, and meaningful.
- Make code style and formatting consistent.
- Let the computer do the work.
- Make the computer repeat tasks.
- Save recent commands in a file for re-use.
- Use a build tool to automate workflows.
- Make incremental changes.
- Work in small steps with frequent feedback and course correction.
- Use a version control system.
- Put everything that has been created manually in version control.
- Don't repeat yourself (or others).
- Every piece of data must have a single authoritative representation in the system.
- Modularize code rather than copying and pasting.
- Re-use code instead of rewriting it.
- Plan for mistakes.
- Add assertions to programs to check their operation.
- Use an off-the-shelf unit testing library.
- Turn bugs into test cases.
- Use a symbolic debugger.
- Optimize software only after it works correctly.
- Use a profiler to identify bottlenecks.
- Write code in the highest-level language possible.
- Document design and purpose, not mechanics.
- Document interfaces and reasons, not implementations.
- Refactor code in preference to explaining how it works.
- Embed the documentation for a piece of software in that software.
- Collaborate.
- Use pre-merge code reviews.
- Use pair programming when bringing someone new up to speed and when tackling particularly tricky problems.
- Use an issue tracking tool.
Many thanks to
Dhavide Aruliah,
Titus Brown,
Neil Chue Hong,
Matt Davis,
Tommy Guy,
Steve Haddock,
Katy Huff,
Ian Mitchell,
Mark Plumbley,
Ben Waugh,
Ethan White,
and Paul Wilson—it was a pleasure writing with you.


The work on this project is done both by our contributors and our core team. This core team consists of the following members, in alphabetical order:


This is part of a series of cloud native developer tool reviews in which I look at many of the popular or interesting tools for developers building software in a Cloud Native world.
As many developers have experienced, this new way of developing software can lead to an explosion of process complexity. Using the right tools for the job can help mitigate this significantly. I'm hoping that with these reviews, you can find the toolset that works best for you and the amazing things you are building!


| residuals.survreg {survival} | R Documentation |
This is a method for the function residuals
for objects
inheriting from class survreg
.
## S3 method for class 'survreg' residuals(object, type=c("response", "deviance","dfbeta","dfbetas", "working","ldcase","ldresp","ldshape", "matrix"), rsigma=TRUE, collapse=FALSE, weighted=FALSE, ...)
object |
an object inheriting from class |
type |
type of residuals, with choices of |
rsigma |
include the scale parameters in the variance matrix, when doing computations. (I can think of no good reason not to). |
collapse |
optional vector of subject groups. If given, this must be of the same length as the residuals, and causes the result to be per group residuals. |
weighted |
give weighted residuals? Normally residuals are unweighted. |
... |
other unused arguments |
A vector or matrix of residuals is returned.  The dfbeta residuals are a matrix, where the ith row gives the approximate change in the coefficients due to the addition of subject i. The dfbetas matrix contains the dfbeta residuals, with each column scaled by the standard deviation of that coefficient.
The matrix type produces a matrix based on derivatives of the log-likelihood
function.  Then the 6 columns of the matrix are
L, dL/dp,ddL/(dp dp),
dL/ds, ddL/(ds ds) and
ddL/(dp ds). Diagnostics based on these quantities
are discussed in an article by Escobar and Meeker.
The main ones are the likelihood displacement residuals for perturbation
of a case weight (ldcase
), the response value (ldresp
), and the shape
.
Escobar, L. A. and Meeker, W. Q. (1992). Assessing influence in regression analysis with censored data. Biometrics 48, 507-528.
fit <- survreg(Surv(time,status) ~x, aml) rr <- residuals(fit, type='matrix')


Invoice # {{order_number}}
Date {{date_created}}
Recipient
Delivery
Comments
Image
Name and brand
Sku
Size
Price, $
Total


{{ include.dropdown-header | default: "dropdown (click to expand)" }}
{% comment %} The "| default:" are what are set if no the parameters are given" {% endcomment %}
{% comment %} dropdown-header is an arg given in the include {% endcomment %}
{% comment %} needs to have markdown= otherwise the markdown inside won't be rendered {% endcomment %}
{% comment %} The tag is closed in _end_markdown_dropdown {% endcomment %}