# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 369 cattr_accessor :primary_key_prefix_type, :instance_writer => false
Active Record objects don’t specify their attributes directly, but rather infer them from the table definition with which they’re linked. Adding, removing, and changing attributes and their type is done directly in the database. Any change is instantly reflected in the Active Record objects. The mapping that binds a given Active Record class to a certain database table will happen automatically in most common cases, but can be overwritten for the uncommon ones.
See the mapping rules in ::table_name and the full example in files/activerecord/README_rdoc.html for more insight.
Active Records accept constructor parameters either in a hash or as a block. The hash method is especially useful when you’re receiving the data from somewhere else, like an HTTP request. It works like this:
user = User.new(:name => "David", :occupation => "Code Artist") user.name # => "David"
You can also use block initialization:
user = User.new do |u| u.name = "David" u.occupation = "Code Artist" end
And of course you can just create a bare object and specify the attributes after the fact:
user = User.new user.name = "David" user.occupation = "Code Artist"
Conditions can either be specified as a string, array, or hash representing the WHERE-part of an SQL statement. The array form is to be used when the condition input is tainted and requires sanitization. The string form can be used for statements that don’t involve tainted data. The hash form works much like the array form, except only equality and range is possible. Examples:
class User < ActiveRecord::Base def self.authenticate_unsafely(user_name, password) where("user_name = '#{user_name}' AND password = '#{password}'").first end def self.authenticate_safely(user_name, password) where("user_name = ? AND password = ?", user_name, password).first end def self.authenticate_safely_simply(user_name, password) where(:user_name => user_name, :password => password).first end end
The authenticate_unsafely
method inserts the parameters
directly into the query and is thus susceptible to SQL-injection attacks if
the user_name
and password
parameters come
directly from an HTTP request. The authenticate_safely
and
authenticate_safely_simply
both will sanitize the
user_name
and password
before inserting them in
the query, which will ensure that an attacker can’t escape the query and
fake the login (or worse).
When using multiple parameters in the conditions, it can easily become hard to read exactly what the fourth or fifth question mark is supposed to represent. In those cases, you can resort to named bind variables instead. That’s done by replacing the question marks with symbols and supplying a hash with values for the matching symbol keys:
Company.where( "id = :id AND name = :name AND division = :division AND created_at > :accounting_date", { :id => 3, :name => "37signals", :division => "First", :accounting_date => '2005-01-01' } ).first
Similarly, a simple hash without a statement will generate conditions based on equality with the SQL AND operator. For instance:
Student.where(:first_name => "Harvey", :status => 1) Student.where(params[:student])
A range may be used in the hash to use the SQL BETWEEN operator:
Student.where(:grade => 9..12)
An array may be used in the hash to use the SQL IN operator:
Student.where(:grade => [9,11,12])
When joining tables, nested hashes or keys written in the form ‘table_name.column_name’ can be used to qualify the table name of a particular condition. For instance:
Student.joins(:schools).where(:schools => { :type => 'public' }) Student.joins(:schools).where('schools.type' => 'public' )
All column values are automatically available through basic accessors on
the Active Record object, but sometimes you want to specialize this
behavior. This can be done by overwriting the default accessors (using the
same name as the attribute) and calling
read_attribute(attr_name)
and write_attribute(attr_name,
value)
to actually change things.
class Song < ActiveRecord::Base # Uses an integer of seconds to hold the length of the song def length=(minutes) write_attribute(:length, minutes.to_i * 60) end def length read_attribute(:length) / 60 end end
You can alternatively use self[:attribute]=(value)
and
self[:attribute]
instead of write_attribute(:attribute,
value)
and read_attribute(:attribute)
.
In addition to the basic accessors, query methods are also automatically available on the Active Record object. Query methods allow you to test whether an attribute value is present.
For example, an Active Record User with the name
attribute has
a name?
method that you can call to determine whether the user
has a name:
user = User.new(:name => "David") user.name? # => true anonymous = User.new(:name => "") anonymous.name? # => false
Sometimes you want to be able to read the raw attribute data without having
the column-determined typecast run its course first. That can be done by
using the <attribute>_before_type_cast
accessors that
all attributes have. For example, if your Account model has a
balance
attribute, you can call
account.balance_before_type_cast
or
account.id_before_type_cast
.
This is especially useful in validation situations where the user might supply a string for an integer field and you want to display the original string back in an error message. Accessing the attribute normally would typecast the string to 0, which isn’t what you want.
Dynamic attribute-based finders are a cleaner way of getting (and/or
creating) objects by simple queries without turning to SQL. They work by
appending the name of an attribute to find_by_
,
find_last_by_
, or find_all_by_
and thus produces
finders like Person.find_by_user_name
,
Person.find_all_by_last_name
, and
Payment.find_by_transaction_id
. Instead of writing
Person.where(:user_name => user_name).first
, you just do
Person.find_by_user_name(user_name)
. And instead of writing
Person.where(:last_name => last_name).all
, you just do
Person.find_all_by_last_name(last_name)
.
It’s also possible to use multiple attributes in the same find by separating them with “and”.
Person.where(:user_name => user_name, :password => password).first Person.find_by_user_name_and_password(user_name, password) # with dynamic finder
It’s even possible to call these dynamic finder methods on relations and named scopes.
Payment.order("created_on").find_all_by_amount(50) Payment.pending.find_last_by_amount(100)
The same dynamic finder style can be used to create the object if it
doesn’t already exist. This dynamic finder is called with
find_or_create_by_
and will return the object if it already
exists and otherwise creates it, then returns it. Protected attributes
won’t be set unless they are given in a block.
# No 'Summer' tag exists Tag.find_or_create_by_name("Summer") # equal to Tag.create(:name => "Summer") # Now the 'Summer' tag does exist Tag.find_or_create_by_name("Summer") # equal to Tag.find_by_name("Summer") # Now 'Bob' exist and is an 'admin' User.find_or_create_by_name('Bob', :age => 40) { |u| u.admin = true }
Use the find_or_initialize_by_
finder if you want to return a
new record without saving it first. Protected attributes won’t be set
unless they are given in a block.
# No 'Winter' tag exists winter = Tag.find_or_initialize_by_name("Winter") winter.persisted? # false
To find by a subset of the attributes to be used for instantiating a new object, pass a hash instead of a list of parameters.
Tag.find_or_create_by_name(:name => "rails", :creator => current_user)
That will either find an existing tag named “rails”, or create a new one while setting the user that created it.
Just like find_by_*
, you can also use scoped_by_*
to retrieve data. The good thing about using this feature is that the very
first time result is returned using method_missing
technique
but after that the method is declared on the class. Henceforth
method_missing
will not be hit.
User.scoped_by_user_name('David')
Active Record can serialize any object in text columns using YAML. To do
so, you must specify this with a call to the class method
serialize
. This makes it possible to store arrays, hashes, and
other non-mappable objects without doing any additional work.
class User < ActiveRecord::Base serialize :preferences end user = User.create(:preferences => { "background" => "black", "display" => large }) User.find(user.id).preferences # => { "background" => "black", "display" => large }
You can also specify a class option as the second parameter that’ll raise an exception if a serialized object is retrieved as a descendant of a class not in the hierarchy.
class User < ActiveRecord::Base serialize :preferences, Hash end user = User.create(:preferences => %w( one two three )) User.find(user.id).preferences # raises SerializationTypeMismatch
When you specify a class option, the default value for that attribute will be a new instance of that class.
class User < ActiveRecord::Base serialize :preferences, OpenStruct end user = User.new user.preferences.theme_color = "red"
Active Record allows inheritance by storing the name of the class in a
column that by default is named “type” (can be changed by overwriting
Base.inheritance_column
). This means that an inheritance
looking like this:
class Company < ActiveRecord::Base; end class Firm < Company; end class Client < Company; end class PriorityClient < Client; end
When you do Firm.create(:name => "37signals")
,
this record will be saved in the companies table with type = “Firm”. You
can then fetch this row again using Company.where(:name =>
'37signals').first
and it will return a Firm object.
If you don’t have a type column defined in your table, single-table inheritance won’t be triggered. In that case, it’ll work just like normal subclasses with no special magic for differentiating between them or reloading the right type with find.
Note, all the attributes for all the cases are kept in the same table. Read more: www.martinfowler.com/eaaCatalog/singleTableInheritance.html
Connections are usually created through ::establish_connection
and retrieved by #connection.
All classes inheriting from ActiveRecord::Base will
use this connection. But you can also set a class-specific connection. For
example, if Course is an ActiveRecord::Base, but
resides in a different database, you can just say
Course.establish_connection
and Course and all of its
subclasses will use this connection instead.
This feature is implemented by keeping a connection pool in ActiveRecord::Base that is a Hash indexed by the class. If a connection is requested, the ::retrieve_connection method will go up the class-hierarchy until a connection is found in the connection pool.
ActiveRecordError - Generic error class and superclass of all other errors raised by Active Record.
AdapterNotSpecified - The
configuration hash used in establish_connection
didn't include
an :adapter
key.
AdapterNotFound - The
:adapter
key used in establish_connection
specified a non-existent adapter (or a bad spelling of an existing one).
AssociationTypeMismatch - The object assigned to the association wasn't of the type specified in the association definition.
SerializationTypeMismatch - The serialized object wasn't of the class specified as the second parameter.
ConnectionNotEstablished+ - No connection has been established. Use
establish_connection
before querying.
RecordNotFound - No record responded to
the find
method. Either the row with the given ID doesn't
exist or the row didn't meet the additional restrictions. Some
find
calls do not raise this exception to signal nothing was
found, please check its documentation for further details.
StatementInvalid - The database server rejected the SQL statement. The precise error is added in the message.
MultiparameterAssignmentErrors
- Collection of errors that occurred during a mass assignment using the
attributes=
method. The errors
property of this
exception contains an array of AttributeAssignmentError objects
that should be inspected to determine which attributes triggered the
errors.
AttributeAssignmentError - An
error occurred while doing a mass assignment through the
attributes=
method. You can inspect the attribute
property of the exception object to determine which attribute triggered the
error.
Note: The attributes listed are class-level attributes
(accessible from both the class and instance level). So it's possible to
assign a logger to the class through Base.logger=
which will
then be used by all instances in the current object space.
Set this to true if this is an abstract class (see
abstract_class?
).
Overwrite the default class equality method to provide support for association proxies.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 860 def ===(object) object.is_a?(self) end
Returns whether this class is an abstract class or not.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 886 def abstract_class? defined?(@abstract_class) && @abstract_class == true end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 908 def arel_engine @arel_engine ||= begin if self == ActiveRecord::Base ActiveRecord::Base else connection_handler.connection_pools[name] ? self : superclass.arel_engine end end end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 904 def arel_table @arel_table ||= Arel::Table.new(table_name, arel_engine) end
Attributes listed as readonly will be used to create a new record but update operations will ignore these fields.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 533 def attr_readonly(*attributes) self._attr_readonly = Set.new(attributes.map { |a| a.to_s }) + (self._attr_readonly || []) end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 790 def attribute_method?(attribute) super || (table_exists? && column_names.include?(attribute.to_s.sub(/=$/, ''))) end
Returns an array of column names as strings if it’s not an abstract class and table exists. Otherwise it returns an empty array.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 797 def attribute_names @attribute_names ||= if !abstract_class? && table_exists? column_names else [] end end
Returns the base AR subclass that this class descends from. If A extends AR::Base, A.base_class will return A. If B descends from A through some arbitrarily deep hierarchy, B.base_class will return A.
If B < A and C < B and if A is an ::abstract_class then both B.base_class and C.base_class would return B as the answer since A is an abstract_class.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 878 def base_class class_of_active_record_descendant(self) end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb, line 119 def clear_active_connections! connection_handler.clear_active_connections! end
Returns a hash where the keys are column names and the values are default values when instantiating the AR object for this table.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 722 def column_defaults connection_pool.column_defaults[table_name] end
Returns an array of column names as strings.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 727 def column_names @column_names ||= columns.map { |column| column.name } end
Returns an array of column objects for the table associated with this class.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 707 def columns if defined?(@primary_key) connection_pool.primary_keys[table_name] ||= primary_key end connection_pool.columns[table_name] end
Returns a hash of column objects for the table associated with this class.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 716 def columns_hash connection_pool.columns_hash[table_name] end
Contains the database configuration - as is typically stored in config/database.yml - as a Hash.
For example, the following database.yml…
development: adapter: sqlite3 database: db/development.sqlite3 production: adapter: sqlite3 database: db/production.sqlite3
…would result in ::configurations to look like this:
{ 'development' => { 'adapter' => 'sqlite3', 'database' => 'db/development.sqlite3' }, 'production' => { 'adapter' => 'sqlite3', 'database' => 'db/production.sqlite3' } }
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 359 cattr_accessor :configurations, :instance_writer => false
Returns true if Active Record is connected.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb, line 111 def connected? connection_handler.connected?(self) end
Returns the connection currently associated with the class. This can also be used to “borrow” the connection to do database work unrelated to any of the specific Active Records.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb, line 88 def connection retrieve_connection end
Returns the configuration of the associated connection as a hash:
ActiveRecord::Base.connection_config # => {:pool=>5, :timeout=>5000, :database=>"db/development.sqlite3", :adapter=>"sqlite3"}
Please use only for reading.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb, line 98 def connection_config connection_pool.spec.config end
The connection handler
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb, line 13 class_attribute :connection_handler, :instance_writer => false
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb, line 102 def connection_pool connection_handler.retrieve_connection_pool(self) or raise ConnectionNotEstablished end
Returns an array of column objects where the primary id, all columns ending in “_id” or “_count”, and columns used for single table inheritance have been removed.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 733 def content_columns @content_columns ||= columns.reject { |c| c.primary || c.name =~ /(_id|_count)$/ || c.name == inheritance_column } end
Returns the result of an SQL statement that should only include a COUNT(*) in the SELECT part. The use of this method should be restricted to complicated SQL queries that can’t be executed using the ActiveRecord::Calculations class methods. Look into those before using this.
sql
- An SQL statement which should return a count query from
the database, see the example below.
Product.count_by_sql "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sales s, customers c WHERE s.customer_id = c.id"
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 526 def count_by_sql(sql) sql = sanitize_conditions(sql) connection.select_value(sql, "#{name} Count").to_i end
Creates an object (or multiple objects) and saves it to the database, if validations pass. The resulting object is returned whether the object was saved successfully to the database or not.
The attributes
parameter can be either be a Hash or an Array of
Hashes. These Hashes describe the attributes on the objects that are to be
created.
create
respects mass-assignment security and accepts either
:as
or :without_protection
options in the
options
parameter.
# Create a single new object User.create(:first_name => 'Jamie') # Create a single new object using the :admin mass-assignment security role User.create({ :first_name => 'Jamie', :is_admin => true }, :as => :admin) # Create a single new object bypassing mass-assignment security User.create({ :first_name => 'Jamie', :is_admin => true }, :without_protection => true) # Create an Array of new objects User.create([{ :first_name => 'Jamie' }, { :first_name => 'Jeremy' }]) # Create a single object and pass it into a block to set other attributes. User.create(:first_name => 'Jamie') do |u| u.is_admin = false end # Creating an Array of new objects using a block, where the block is executed for each object: User.create([{ :first_name => 'Jamie' }, { :first_name => 'Jeremy' }]) do |u| u.is_admin = false end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 504 def create(attributes = nil, options = {}, &block) if attributes.is_a?(Array) attributes.collect { |attr| create(attr, options, &block) } else object = new(attributes, options) yield(object) if block_given? object.save object end end
Determines whether to use Time.local (using :local) or Time.utc (using :utc) when pulling dates and times from the database. This is set to :local by default.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 404 cattr_accessor :default_timezone, :instance_writer => false
True if this isn’t a concrete subclass needing a STI type condition.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 823 def descends_from_active_record? if superclass.abstract_class? superclass.descends_from_active_record? else superclass == Base || !columns_hash.include?(inheritance_column) end end
Establishes the connection to the database. Accepts a hash as input where
the :adapter
key must be specified with the name of a database
adapter (in lower-case) example for regular databases (MySQL, Postgresql,
etc):
ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection( :adapter => "mysql", :host => "localhost", :username => "myuser", :password => "mypass", :database => "somedatabase" )
Example for SQLite database:
ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection( :adapter => "sqlite", :database => "path/to/dbfile" )
Also accepts keys as strings (for parsing from YAML for example):
ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection( "adapter" => "sqlite", "database" => "path/to/dbfile" )
The exceptions AdapterNotSpecified, AdapterNotFound and ArgumentError may be returned on an error.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb, line 51 def self.establish_connection(spec = nil) case spec when nil raise AdapterNotSpecified unless defined?(Rails.env) establish_connection(Rails.env) when ConnectionSpecification self.connection_handler.establish_connection(name, spec) when Symbol, String if configuration = configurations[spec.to_s] establish_connection(configuration) else raise AdapterNotSpecified, "#{spec} database is not configured" end else spec = spec.symbolize_keys unless spec.key?(:adapter) then raise AdapterNotSpecified, "database configuration does not specify adapter" end begin require "active_record/connection_adapters/#{spec[:adapter]}_adapter" rescue LoadError => e raise "Please install the #{spec[:adapter]} adapter: `gem install activerecord-#{spec[:adapter]}-adapter` (#{e})" end adapter_method = "#{spec[:adapter]}_connection" unless respond_to?(adapter_method) raise AdapterNotFound, "database configuration specifies nonexistent #{spec[:adapter]} adapter" end remove_connection establish_connection(ConnectionSpecification.new(spec, adapter_method)) end end
Executes a custom SQL query against your database and returns all the
results. The results will be returned as an array with columns requested
encapsulated as attributes of the model you call this method from. If you
call Product.find_by_sql
then the results will be returned in
a Product object with the attributes you specified in the SQL query.
If you call a complicated SQL query which spans multiple tables the columns specified by the SELECT will be attributes of the model, whether or not they are columns of the corresponding table.
The sql
parameter is a full SQL query as a string. It will be
called as is, there will be no database agnostic conversions performed.
This should be a last resort because using, for example, MySQL specific
terms will lock you to using that particular database engine or require you
to change your call if you switch engines.
# A simple SQL query spanning multiple tables Post.find_by_sql "SELECT p.title, c.author FROM posts p, comments c WHERE p.id = c.post_id" > [#<Post:0x36bff9c @attributes={"title"=>"Ruby Meetup", "first_name"=>"Quentin"}>, ...] # You can use the same string replacement techniques as you can with ActiveRecord#find Post.find_by_sql ["SELECT title FROM posts WHERE author = ? AND created > ?", author_id, start_date] > [#<Post:0x36bff9c @attributes={"title"=>"The Cheap Man Buys Twice"}>, ...]
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 469 def find_by_sql(sql, binds = []) connection.select_all(sanitize_sql(sql), "#{name} Load", binds).collect! { |record| instantiate(record) } end
Defines the column name for use with single table inheritance. Use
set_inheritance_column
to set a different value.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 636 def inheritance_column @inheritance_column ||= "type" end
Returns a string like ‘Post(id:integer, title:string, body:text)’
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 837 def inspect if self == Base super elsif abstract_class? "#{super}(abstract)" elsif table_exists? attr_list = columns.map { |c| "#{c.name}: #{c.type}" } * ', ' "#{super}(#{attr_list})" else "#{super}(Table doesn't exist)" end end
Finder methods must instantiate through this method to work with the single-table inheritance model that makes it possible to create objects of different types from the same table.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 952 def instantiate(record) sti_class = find_sti_class(record[inheritance_column]) record_id = sti_class.primary_key && record[sti_class.primary_key] if ActiveRecord::IdentityMap.enabled? && record_id if (column = sti_class.columns_hash[sti_class.primary_key]) && column.number? record_id = record_id.to_i end if instance = IdentityMap.get(sti_class, record_id) instance.reinit_with('attributes' => record) else instance = sti_class.allocate.init_with('attributes' => record) IdentityMap.add(instance) end else instance = sti_class.allocate.init_with('attributes' => record) end instance end
Accepts a logger conforming to the interface of Log4r or the default Ruby
1.8+ Logger class, which is then passed on to
any new database connections made and which can be retrieved on both a
class and instance level by calling logger
.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 330 cattr_accessor :logger, :instance_writer => false
Establishes a connection to the database that’s used by all Active Record objects.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql2_adapter.rb, line 8 def self.mysql2_connection(config) config[:username] = 'root' if config[:username].nil? if Mysql2::Client.const_defined? :FOUND_ROWS config[:flags] = Mysql2::Client::FOUND_ROWS end client = Mysql2::Client.new(config.symbolize_keys) options = [config[:host], config[:username], config[:password], config[:database], config[:port], config[:socket], 0] ConnectionAdapters::Mysql2Adapter.new(client, logger, options, config) end
New objects can be instantiated as either empty (pass no construction parameter) or pre-set with attributes but not yet saved (pass a hash with key names matching the associated table column names). In both instances, valid attribute keys are determined by the column names of the associated table – hence you can’t have attributes that aren’t part of the table columns.
initialize
respects mass-assignment security and accepts
either :as
or :without_protection
options in the
options
parameter.
# Instantiates a single new object User.new(:first_name => 'Jamie') # Instantiates a single new object using the :admin mass-assignment security role User.new({ :first_name => 'Jamie', :is_admin => true }, :as => :admin) # Instantiates a single new object bypassing mass-assignment security User.new({ :first_name => 'Jamie', :is_admin => true }, :without_protection => true)
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1549 def initialize(attributes = nil, options = {}) @attributes = attributes_from_column_definition @association_cache = {} @aggregation_cache = {} @attributes_cache = {} @new_record = true @readonly = false @destroyed = false @marked_for_destruction = false @previously_changed = {} @changed_attributes = {} @relation = nil ensure_proper_type set_serialized_attributes populate_with_current_scope_attributes assign_attributes(attributes, options) if attributes yield self if block_given? run_callbacks :initialize end
Indicates whether table names should be the pluralized versions of the
corresponding class names. If true, the default table name for a Product
class will be products
. If false, it would just be
product
. See ::table_name for the full rules on
table/class naming. This is true, by default.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 397 class_attribute :pluralize_table_names, :instance_writer => false
Accessor for the prefix type that will be prepended to every primary key column name. The options are :::table_name and :table_name_with_underscore. If the first is specified, the Product class will look for “productid” instead of “id” as the primary column. If the latter is specified, the Product class will look for “product_id” instead of “id”. Remember that this is a global setting for all Active Records.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 369 cattr_accessor :primary_key_prefix_type, :instance_writer => false
Returns a quoted version of the table name, used to construct SQL statements.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 619 def quoted_table_name @quoted_table_name ||= connection.quote_table_name(table_name) end
Returns an array of all the attributes that have been specified as readonly.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 538 def readonly_attributes self._attr_readonly end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb, line 115 def remove_connection(klass = self) connection_handler.remove_connection(klass) end
Resets all the cached information about columns, which will cause them to be reloaded on the next request.
The most common usage pattern for this method is probably in a migration, when just after creating a table you want to populate it with some default values, eg:
class CreateJobLevels < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :job_levels do |t| t.integer :id t.string :name t.timestamps end JobLevel.reset_column_information %w{assistant executive manager director}.each do |type| JobLevel.create(:name => type) end end def self.down drop_table :job_levels end end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 777 def reset_column_information connection.clear_cache! undefine_attribute_methods connection_pool.clear_table_cache!(table_name) if table_exists? @column_names = @content_columns = @dynamic_methods_hash = @inheritance_column = nil @arel_engine = @relation = nil end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 890 def respond_to?(method_id, include_private = false) if match = DynamicFinderMatch.match(method_id) return true if all_attributes_exists?(match.attribute_names) elsif match = DynamicScopeMatch.match(method_id) return true if all_attributes_exists?(match.attribute_names) end super end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb, line 106 def retrieve_connection connection_handler.retrieve_connection(self) end
Specifies the format to use when dumping the database schema with Rails’ Rakefile. If :sql, the schema is dumped as (potentially database- specific) SQL statements. If :ruby, the schema is dumped as an ActiveRecord::Schema file which can be loaded into any database that supports migrations. Use :ruby if you want to have different database adapters for, e.g., your development and test environments.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 415 cattr_accessor :schema_format , :instance_writer => false
If you have an attribute that needs to be saved to the database as an
object, and retrieved as the same object, then specify the name of that
attribute using this method and it will be handled automatically. The
serialization is done through YAML. If class_name
is
specified, the serialized object must be of that class on retrieval or SerializationTypeMismatch will be
raised.
attr_name
- The field name that should be serialized.
class_name
- Optional, class name that the object type should
be equal to.
# Serialize a preferences attribute class User < ActiveRecord::Base serialize :preferences end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 557 def serialize(attr_name, class_name = Object) coder = if [:load, :dump].all? { |x| class_name.respond_to?(x) } class_name else Coders::YAMLColumn.new(class_name) end # merge new serialized attribute and create new hash to ensure that each class in inheritance hierarchy # has its own hash of own serialized attributes self.serialized_attributes = serialized_attributes.merge(attr_name.to_s => coder) end
Sets the name of the inheritance column to use to the given value, or (if the value # is nil or false) to the value returned by the given block.
class Project < ActiveRecord::Base set_inheritance_column do original_inheritance_column + "_id" end end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 677 def set_inheritance_column(value = nil, &block) define_attr_method :inheritance_column, value, &block end
Sets the name of the sequence to use when generating ids to the given value, or (if the value is nil or false) to the value returned by the given block. This is required for Oracle and is useful for any database which relies on sequences for primary key generation.
If a sequence name is not explicitly set when using Oracle or Firebird, it will default to the commonly used pattern of: #{::table_name}_seq
If a sequence name is not explicitly set when using PostgreSQL, it will discover the sequence corresponding to your primary key for you.
class Project < ActiveRecord::Base set_sequence_name "projectseq" # default would have been "project_seq" end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 696 def set_sequence_name(value = nil, &block) define_attr_method :sequence_name, value, &block end
Sets the table name. If the value is nil or false then the value returned by the given block is used.
class Project < ActiveRecord::Base set_table_name "project" end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 658 def set_table_name(value = nil, &block) @quoted_table_name = nil define_attr_method :table_name, value, &block @arel_table = nil @arel_table = Arel::Table.new(table_name, arel_engine) @relation = Relation.new(self, arel_table) end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 900 def sti_name store_full_sti_class ? name : name.demodulize end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 864 def symbolized_base_class @symbolized_base_class ||= base_class.to_s.to_sym end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 868 def symbolized_sti_name @symbolized_sti_name ||= sti_name.present? ? sti_name.to_sym : symbolized_base_class end
Indicates whether the table associated with this class exists
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 702 def table_exists? connection.table_exists?(table_name) end
Guesses the table name (in forced lower-case) based on the name of the class in the inheritance hierarchy descending directly from ActiveRecord::Base. So if the hierarchy looks like: Reply < Message < ActiveRecord::Base, then Message is used to guess the table name even when called on Reply. The rules used to do the guess are handled by the Inflector class in Active Support, which knows almost all common English inflections. You can add new inflections in config/initializers/inflections.rb.
Nested classes are given table names prefixed by the singular form of the parent’s table name. Enclosing modules are not considered.
class Invoice < ActiveRecord::Base end file class table_name invoice.rb Invoice invoices class Invoice < ActiveRecord::Base class Lineitem < ActiveRecord::Base end end file class table_name invoice.rb Invoice::Lineitem invoice_lineitems module Invoice class Lineitem < ActiveRecord::Base end end file class table_name invoice/lineitem.rb Invoice::Lineitem lineitems
Additionally, the class-level table_name_prefix
is prepended
and the table_name_suffix
is appended. So if you have “myapp_”
as a prefix, the table name guess for an Invoice class becomes
“myapp_invoices”. Invoice::Lineitem becomes “myapp_invoice_lineitems”.
You can also overwrite this class method to allow for unguessable links, such as a Mouse class with a link to a “mice” table. Example:
class Mouse < ActiveRecord::Base set_table_name "mice" end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 614 def table_name reset_table_name end
Accessor for the name of the prefix string to prepend to every table name. So if set to “basecamp_”, all table names will be named like “basecamp_projects”, “basecamp_people”, etc. This is a convenient way of creating a namespace for tables in a shared database. By default, the prefix is the empty string.
If you are organising your models within modules you can add a prefix to the models within a namespace by defining a singleton method in the parent module called ::table_name_prefix which returns your chosen prefix.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 382 class_attribute :table_name_prefix, :instance_writer => false
Works like table_name_prefix
, but appends instead of prepends
(set to “_basecamp” gives “projects_basecamp”, “people_basecamp”). By
default, the suffix is the empty string.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 389 class_attribute :table_name_suffix, :instance_writer => false
Specify whether or not to use timestamps for migration versions
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 421 cattr_accessor :timestamped_migrations , :instance_writer => false
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1384 def aggregate_mapping(reflection) mapping = reflection.options[:mapping] || [reflection.name, reflection.name] mapping.first.is_a?(Array) ? mapping : [mapping] end
Returns the class descending directly from ActiveRecord::Base or an abstract class, if any, in the inheritance hierarchy.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1347 def class_of_active_record_descendant(klass) if klass.superclass == Base || klass.superclass.abstract_class? klass elsif klass.superclass.nil? raise ActiveRecordError, "#{name} doesn't belong in a hierarchy descending from ActiveRecord" else class_of_active_record_descendant(klass.superclass) end end
Returns the class type of the record using the current module as a prefix. So descendants of MyApp::Business::Account would appear as MyApp::Business::AccountSubclass.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1320 def compute_type(type_name) if type_name.match(/^::/) # If the type is prefixed with a scope operator then we assume that # the type_name is an absolute reference. ActiveSupport::Dependencies.constantize(type_name) else # Build a list of candidates to search for candidates = [] name.scan(/::|$/) { candidates.unshift "#{$`}::#{type_name}" } candidates << type_name candidates.each do |candidate| begin constant = ActiveSupport::Dependencies.constantize(candidate) return constant if candidate == constant.to_s rescue NameError => e # We don't want to swallow NoMethodError < NameError errors raise e unless e.instance_of?(NameError) end end raise NameError, "uninitialized constant #{candidates.first}" end end
Use this macro in your model to set a default scope for all operations on the model.
class Article < ActiveRecord::Base default_scope where(:published => true) end Article.all # => SELECT * FROM articles WHERE published = true
The default_scope
is also applied while creating/building a
record. It is not applied while updating a record.
Article.new.published # => true Article.create.published # => true
You can also use default_scope
with a block, in order to have
it lazily evaluated:
class Article < ActiveRecord::Base default_scope { where(:published_at => Time.now - 1.week) } end
(You can also pass any object which responds to call
to the
default_scope
macro, and it will be called when building the
default scope.)
If you use multiple default_scope
declarations in your model
then they will be merged together:
class Article < ActiveRecord::Base default_scope where(:published => true) default_scope where(:rating => 'G') end Article.all # => SELECT * FROM articles WHERE published = true AND rating = 'G'
This is also the case with inheritance and module includes where the parent
or module defines a default_scope
and the child or including
class defines a second one.
If you need to do more complex things with a default scope, you can alternatively define it as a class method:
class Article < ActiveRecord::Base def self.default_scope # Should return a scope, you can call 'super' here etc. end end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1274 def default_scope(scope = {}) scope = Proc.new if block_given? self.default_scopes = default_scopes + [scope] end
The ignore_default_scope flag is used to prevent an infinite recursion situation where a default scope references a scope which has a default scope which references a scope…
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1307 def evaluate_default_scope return if ignore_default_scope? begin self.ignore_default_scope = true yield ensure self.ignore_default_scope = false end end
Accepts a hash of SQL conditions and replaces those attributes that
correspond to a composed_of
relationship with their expanded
aggregate attribute values. Given:
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base composed_of :address, :class_name => "Address", :mapping => [%w(address_street street), %w(address_city city)] end
Then:
{ :address => Address.new("813 abc st.", "chicago") } # => { :address_street => "813 abc st.", :address_city => "chicago" }
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1400 def expand_hash_conditions_for_aggregates(attrs) expanded_attrs = {} attrs.each do |attr, value| unless (aggregation = reflect_on_aggregation(attr.to_sym)).nil? mapping = aggregate_mapping(aggregation) mapping.each do |field_attr, aggregate_attr| if mapping.size == 1 && !value.respond_to?(aggregate_attr) expanded_attrs[field_attr] = value else expanded_attrs[field_attr] = value.send(aggregate_attr) end end else expanded_attrs[attr] = value end end expanded_attrs end
Accepts an array of conditions. The array has each value sanitized and interpolated into the SQL statement.
["name='%s' and group_id='%s'", "foo'bar", 4] returns "name='foo''bar' and group_id='4'"
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1455 def sanitize_sql_array(ary) statement, *values = ary if values.first.is_a?(Hash) && statement =~ /:\w+/ replace_named_bind_variables(statement, values.first) elsif statement.include?('?') replace_bind_variables(statement, values) elsif statement.blank? statement else statement % values.collect { |value| connection.quote_string(value.to_s) } end end
Accepts an array, hash, or string of SQL conditions and sanitizes them into a valid SQL fragment for a SET clause.
{ :name => nil, :group_id => 4 } returns "name = NULL , group_id='4'"
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1376 def sanitize_sql_for_assignment(assignments) case assignments when Array; sanitize_sql_array(assignments) when Hash; sanitize_sql_hash_for_assignment(assignments) else assignments end end
Accepts an array, hash, or string of SQL conditions and sanitizes them into a valid SQL fragment for a WHERE clause.
["name='%s' and group_id='%s'", "foo'bar", 4] returns "name='foo''bar' and group_id='4'" { :name => "foo'bar", :group_id => 4 } returns "name='foo''bar' and group_id='4'" "name='foo''bar' and group_id='4'" returns "name='foo''bar' and group_id='4'"
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1362 def sanitize_sql_for_conditions(condition, table_name = self.table_name) return nil if condition.blank? case condition when Array; sanitize_sql_array(condition) when Hash; sanitize_sql_hash_for_conditions(condition, table_name) else condition end end
Sanitizes a hash of attribute/value pairs into SQL conditions for a SET clause.
{ :status => nil, :group_id => 1 } # => "status = NULL , group_id = 1"
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1446 def sanitize_sql_hash_for_assignment(attrs) attrs.map do |attr, value| "#{connection.quote_column_name(attr)} = #{quote_bound_value(value)}" end.join(', ') end
Sanitizes a hash of attribute/value pairs into SQL conditions for a WHERE clause.
{ :name => "foo'bar", :group_id => 4 } # => "name='foo''bar' and group_id= 4" { :status => nil, :group_id => [1,2,3] } # => "status IS NULL and group_id IN (1,2,3)" { :age => 13..18 } # => "age BETWEEN 13 AND 18" { 'other_records.id' => 7 } # => "`other_records`.`id` = 7" { :other_records => { :id => 7 } } # => "`other_records`.`id` = 7"
And for value objects on a composed_of relationship:
{ :address => Address.new("123 abc st.", "chicago") } # => "address_street='123 abc st.' and address_city='chicago'"
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1433 def sanitize_sql_hash_for_conditions(attrs, default_table_name = self.table_name) attrs = expand_hash_conditions_for_aggregates(attrs) table = Arel::Table.new(table_name).alias(default_table_name) PredicateBuilder.build_from_hash(arel_engine, attrs, table).map { |b| connection.visitor.accept b }.join(' AND ') end
Works like ::with_scope, but discards any nested properties.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1203 def with_exclusive_scope(method_scoping = {}, &block) if method_scoping.values.any? { |e| e.is_a?(ActiveRecord::Relation) } raise ArgumentError, "New finder API can not be used with_exclusive_scope. You can either call unscoped to get an anonymous scope not bound to the default_scope: User.unscoped.where(:active => true) Or call unscoped with a block: User.unscoped do User.where(:active => true).all end " end with_scope(method_scoping, :overwrite, &block) end
::with_scope lets you apply
options to inner block incrementally. It takes a hash and the keys must be
:find
or :create
. :find
parameter is
Relation
while :create
parameters are an
attributes hash.
class Article < ActiveRecord::Base def self.create_with_scope with_scope(:find => where(:blog_id => 1), :create => { :blog_id => 1 }) do find(1) # => SELECT * from articles WHERE blog_id = 1 AND id = 1 a = create(1) a.blog_id # => 1 end end end
In nested scopings, all previous parameters are overwritten by the
innermost rule, with the exception of where
,
includes
, and joins
operations in
Relation
, which are merged.
joins
operations are uniqued so multiple scopes can join in
the same table without table aliasing problems. If you need to join
multiple tables, but still want one of the tables to be uniqued, use the
array of strings format for your joins.
class Article < ActiveRecord::Base def self.find_with_scope with_scope(:find => where(:blog_id => 1).limit(1), :create => { :blog_id => 1 }) do with_scope(:find => limit(10)) do all # => SELECT * from articles WHERE blog_id = 1 LIMIT 10 end with_scope(:find => where(:author_id => 3)) do all # => SELECT * from articles WHERE blog_id = 1 AND author_id = 3 LIMIT 1 end end end end
You can ignore any previous scopings by using the
with_exclusive_scope
method.
class Article < ActiveRecord::Base def self.find_with_exclusive_scope with_scope(:find => where(:blog_id => 1).limit(1)) do with_exclusive_scope(:find => limit(10)) do all # => SELECT * from articles LIMIT 10 end end end end
Note: the :find
scope also has effect on
update and deletion methods, like update_all
and
delete_all
.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1158 def with_scope(scope = {}, action = :merge, &block) # If another Active Record class has been passed in, get its current scope scope = scope.current_scope if !scope.is_a?(Relation) && scope.respond_to?(:current_scope) previous_scope = self.current_scope if scope.is_a?(Hash) # Dup first and second level of hash (method and params). scope = scope.dup scope.each do |method, params| scope[method] = params.dup unless params == true end scope.assert_valid_keys([ :find, :create ]) relation = construct_finder_arel(scope[:find] || {}) relation.default_scoped = true unless action == :overwrite if previous_scope && previous_scope.create_with_value && scope[:create] scope_for_create = if action == :merge previous_scope.create_with_value.merge(scope[:create]) else scope[:create] end relation = relation.create_with(scope_for_create) else scope_for_create = scope[:create] scope_for_create ||= previous_scope.create_with_value if previous_scope relation = relation.create_with(scope_for_create) if scope_for_create end scope = relation end scope = previous_scope.merge(scope) if previous_scope && action == :merge self.current_scope = scope begin yield ensure self.current_scope = previous_scope end end
Allows sort on objects
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1836 def <=>(other_object) if other_object.is_a?(self.class) self.to_key <=> other_object.to_key else nil end end
Returns true if comparison_object
is the same exact object, or
comparison_object
is of the same type and self
has an ID and it is equal to comparison_object.id
.
Note that new records are different from any other record by definition,
unless the other record is the receiver itself. Besides, if you fetch
existing records with select
and leave the ID out, you’re on
your own, this predicate will return false.
Note also that destroying a record preserves its ID in the model instance, so deleted models are still comparable.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1811 def ==(comparison_object) super || comparison_object.instance_of?(self.class) && id.present? && comparison_object.id == id end
Allows you to set all the attributes for a particular mass-assignment security role by passing in a hash of attributes with keys matching the attribute names (which again matches the column names) and the role name using the :as option.
To bypass mass-assignment security you can use the :without_protection => true option.
class User < ActiveRecord::Base attr_accessible :name attr_accessible :name, :is_admin, :as => :admin end user = User.new user.assign_attributes({ :name => 'Josh', :is_admin => true }) user.name # => "Josh" user.is_admin? # => false user = User.new user.assign_attributes({ :name => 'Josh', :is_admin => true }, :as => :admin) user.name # => "Josh" user.is_admin? # => true user = User.new user.assign_attributes({ :name => 'Josh', :is_admin => true }, :without_protection => true) user.name # => "Josh" user.is_admin? # => true
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1736 def assign_attributes(new_attributes, options = {}) return unless new_attributes attributes = new_attributes.stringify_keys multi_parameter_attributes = [] @mass_assignment_options = options unless options[:without_protection] attributes = sanitize_for_mass_assignment(attributes, mass_assignment_role) end attributes.each do |k, v| if k.include?("(") multi_parameter_attributes << [ k, v ] elsif respond_to?("#{k}=") send("#{k}=", v) else raise(UnknownAttributeError, "unknown attribute: #{k}") end end @mass_assignment_options = nil assign_multiparameter_attributes(multi_parameter_attributes) end
Returns an #inspect
-like string for the value of the attribute
attr_name
. String attributes are
truncated upto 50 characters, and Date and Time attributes are returned in the
:db
format. Other attributes return the value of
#inspect
without modification.
person = Person.create!(:name => "David Heinemeier Hansson " * 3) person.attribute_for_inspect(:name) # => '"David Heinemeier Hansson David Heinemeier Hansson D..."' person.attribute_for_inspect(:created_at) # => '"2009-01-12 04:48:57"'
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1779 def attribute_for_inspect(attr_name) value = read_attribute(attr_name) if value.is_a?(String) && value.length > 50 "#{value[0..50]}...".inspect elsif value.is_a?(Date) || value.is_a?(Time) %Q("#{value.to_s(:db)}") else value.inspect end end
Returns an array of names for the attributes available on this object.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1672 def attribute_names @attributes.keys end
Returns true if the specified attribute
has been set by the
user or by a database load and is neither nil nor empty? (the latter only
applies to objects that respond to empty?, most notably Strings).
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1793 def attribute_present?(attribute) !_read_attribute(attribute).blank? end
Returns a hash of all the attributes with their names as keys and the values of the attributes as values.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1762 def attributes<EMAIL_ADDRESS>{ |name, _| [name, read_attribute(name)] }] end
Allows you to set all the attributes at once by passing in a hash with keys matching the attribute names (which again matches the column names).
If any attributes are protected by either attr_protected
or
attr_accessible
then only settable attributes will be
assigned.
The guard_protected_attributes
argument is now deprecated, use
the assign_attributes
method if you want to bypass
mass-assignment security.
class User < ActiveRecord::Base attr_protected :is_admin end user = User.new user.attributes = { :username => 'Phusion', :is_admin => true } user.username # => "Phusion" user.is_admin? # => false
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1693 def attributes=(new_attributes, guard_protected_attributes = nil) unless guard_protected_attributes.nil? message = "the use of 'guard_protected_attributes' will be removed from the next minor release of rails, " + "if you want to bypass mass-assignment security then look into using assign_attributes" ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(message) end return unless new_attributes.is_a?(Hash) if guard_protected_attributes == false assign_attributes(new_attributes, :without_protection => true) else assign_attributes(new_attributes) end end
Returns a cache key that can be used to identify this record.
Product.new.cache_key # => "products/new" Product.find(5).cache_key # => "products/5" (updated_at not available) Person.find(5).cache_key # => "people/5-20071224150000" (updated_at available)
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1650 def cache_key case when new_record? "#{self.class.model_name.cache_key}/new" when timestamp = self[:updated_at] timestamp = timestamp.utc.to_s(:number) "#{self.class.model_name.cache_key}/#{id}-#{timestamp}" else "#{self.class.model_name.cache_key}/#{id}" end end
Returns the column object for the named attribute.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1798 def column_for_attribute(name) self.class.columns_hash[name.to_s] end
Returns the connection currently associated with the class. This can also be used to “borrow” the connection to do database work that isn’t easily done without going straight to SQL.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb, line 19 def connection self.class.connection end
Populate coder
with attributes about this record that should
be serialized. The structure of coder
defined in this method
is guaranteed to match the structure of coder
passed to the
init_with
method.
Example:
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base end coder = {} Post.new.encode_with(coder) coder # => { 'id' => nil, ... }
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1585 def encode_with(coder) coder['attributes'] = attributes end
Freeze the attributes hash such that associations are still accessible, even on destroyed records.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1826 def freeze @attributes.freeze; self end
Returns true
if the attributes hash has been frozen.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1831 def frozen? @attributes.frozen? end
Returns true if the given attribute is in the attributes hash
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1667 def has_attribute?(attr_name) @attributes.has_key?(attr_name.to_s) end
Delegates to id in order to allow two records of the same type and id to work with something like:
[ Person.find(1), Person.find(2), Person.find(3) ] & [ Person.find(1), Person.find(4) ] # => [ Person.find(1) ]
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1821 def hash id.hash end
Initialize an empty model object from coder
.
coder
must contain the attributes necessary for initializing
an empty model object. For example:
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base end post = Post.allocate post.init_with('attributes' => { 'title' => 'hello world' }) post.title # => 'hello world'
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1599 def init_with(coder) @attributes = coder['attributes'] @relation = nil set_serialized_attributes @attributes_cache, @previously_changed, @changed_attributes = {}, {}, {} @association_cache = {} @aggregation_cache = {} @readonly = @destroyed = @marked_for_destruction = false @new_record = false run_callbacks :find run_callbacks :initialize self end
Duped objects have no id assigned and are treated as new records. Note that this is a “shallow” copy as it copies the object’s attributes only, not its associations. The extent of a “deep” copy is application specific and is therefore left to the application to implement according to its need. The dup method does not preserve the timestamps (created|updated)_(at|on).
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1859 def initialize_dup(other) cloned_attributes = other.clone_attributes(:read_attribute_before_type_cast) cloned_attributes.delete(self.class.primary_key) @attributes = cloned_attributes _run_after_initialize_callbacks if respond_to?(:_run_after_initialize_callbacks) @changed_attributes = {} attributes_from_column_definition.each do |attr, orig_value| @changed_attributes[attr] = orig_value if field_changed?(attr, orig_value, @attributes[attr]) end @aggregation_cache = {} @association_cache = {} @attributes_cache = {} @new_record = true ensure_proper_type populate_with_current_scope_attributes clear_timestamp_attributes end
Returns the contents of the record as a nicely formatted string.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1894 def inspect attributes_as_nice_string = self.class.column_names.collect { |name| if has_attribute?(name) "#{name}: #{attribute_for_inspect(name)}" end }.compact.join(", ") "#<#{self.class} #{attributes_as_nice_string}>" end
Marks this record as read only.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1889 def readonly! @readonly = true end
Returns true
if the record is read only. Records loaded
through joins with piggy-back attributes will be marked as read only since
they cannot be saved.
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1884 def readonly? @readonly end
Returns a String, which Action Pack uses for constructing an URL to this object. The default implementation returns this record’s id as a String, or nil if this record’s unsaved.
For example, suppose that you have a User model, and that you have a
resources :users
route. Normally, user_path
will
construct a path with the user object’s ‘id’ in it:
user = User.find_by_name('Phusion') user_path(user) # => "/users/1"
You can override to_param
in your model to make
user_path
construct a path using the user’s name instead of
the user’s id:
class User < ActiveRecord::Base def to_param # overridden name end end user = User.find_by_name('Phusion') user_path(user) # => "/users/Phusion"
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1638 def to_param # We can't use alias_method here, because method 'id' optimizes itself on the fly. id && id.to_s # Be sure to stringify the id for routes end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1911 def clone_attribute_value(reader_method, attribute_name) value = send(reader_method, attribute_name) value.duplicable? ? value.clone : value rescue TypeError, NoMethodError value end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1904 def clone_attributes(reader_method = :read_attribute, attributes = {}) attribute_names.each do |name| attributes[name] = clone_attribute_value(reader_method, name) end attributes end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1918 def mass_assignment_options @mass_assignment_options ||= {} end
# File c:/Ruby192/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.1.1/lib/active_record/base.rb, line 1922 def mass_assignment_role mass_assignment_options[:as] || :default end


| 1. Go to Access -> Profiles / Policies
-> Access Profiles (Per Session Policies) -> Create |
|
2. Enter the following values (leave others default) then
click Finished
Name: webtop_demo
Profile Type: All
Profile Scope: Profile
Languages: English
|
|
| 3. Click Edit for webtop_demo,
a new browser tab will open |
|
4. Click the + between Start and Deny, select
Logon Page from the Logon tab, click Add Item |
|
5. Enter the following values (leave others default)
then click Save
Form Header Text:
Secure Logon <br> for "your demo organization"
|
|
6. Click the + between Logon Page and Deny,
select AD Auth from the Authentication tab,
click Add Item |
|
7. Change the Server to /Common/webtop_demo_aaa_srvr ,
then click Save |
|
| 8. Change the AD Auth Successful branch ending to Allow,
then click Save |
|
9. Click the + between AD Auth and Allow,
select Advanced Resource Assign from the Assigment tab,
click Add Item |
|
10. Click on Add new Entry, then for the new Expression,
click Add/Delete. Add the following resources,
and then click Update and Save
- Portal Access:
/Common/portal_intranet
- Webtop:
/Common/webtop_demo_webtop
|
|
| 11. Click Apply Access Policy in the top left
and then close the browser tab |
|


These are the Christmas parking arrangements for towns in Kildare
Enforcements
by Sarah PeppardChristmas parking arrangements for a number of towns in the county have been announced.
In Kildare town, there will be no suspension of Pay Parking, however, there will be three hours free parking (on street and Kildare County Council off-street car parks) between 9am-12am Monday-Friday, commencing Monday December 16.
SEE ALSO: Here's where and when you can park for FREE in Newbridge this Christmas
Payment for parking from 12pm is required. Normal enforcement times of 9am to 5pm Monday to Friday will recommence on Thursday, January 2.
Illegal parking will continue to be enforced in all areas over the Christmas period.
SEE ALSO: Free parking in Naas for Christmas
Elsewhere, in Athy there will be free parking from 8:30am on Monday, December 2 until 8:30am on Thursday, January 2 2020.
There will be no suspension of pay parking in Celbridge, Leixlip or Maynooth. Normal parking enforcement will continue over the Christmas period.
Illegal parking will continue to be enforced in all areas over the Christmas period.


The number is one
The number is two
The number is three
The number is four
The number is five
The number is not defined


Teaches Kids
Helps Parents
Other Features
Testimonials
Teach kids about healthy eating habits.
Help your kids eat healthier by showing them the difference between healthy and unhealthy foods, or by helping them who don't like eating what they should to eat by making it a fun game for them!
Helps parents see what their child eats.

Other cool features include:
- Create avatars for multiple children.
- See weekly eating histories.
- Picky eaters will try more foods because you can make it a fun game for them.
- Help create healthy eating habits for the whole family!
Testimonials
"I got this app because my two children are especially picky eaters, since beginning to use it I have noticed that they have become much more involved in meal time as well as more open to try new foods because the only thing they wanted was to make sure that their new Gigapet was happy and healthy as well, this app has changed our lives and now I know that my kids are getting the nutrition they need!" -- Jane Doe


1
"A Bedroom" by Lisa Kwong
2
"Bubble Milk Tea" by Lisa Kwong
3
"Flatscreens Who?" by Nicholas Chan
4
"The Ultimate Streaming Service" by Lisa Kwong
5
"Ube Ice Cream Cone" by Alex Toohey
6
"Supposed to be Kirby" by Andrew Vuong
8
"Wii Remote" by Alex Toohey
9
"Amberior Design" by Lisa Kwong
10
"Cacti(1) - Claire Beaudin"
13
"Gameboy" - Cachey Tatum
14
"1979 Color TV" - Cachey Tatum
15
"B-Ballin" - Ryan Javier
16
"Futbol" - Nick Chan


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Clothes for all four seasons. What are your year-round clothes?
I've had enough of storage lately. I want to buy clothes that operate for the majority of the year. You do too. Our favorite clothes stick with us no matter the weather. That reminds me, does anybody want to buy my winter car? It's the car I drive during the winter only. Okay, sure ... I get it. That's a stretch, but logically our wardrobe should be more versatile. Especially when the weather is so up and down all the time.
Tees and jeans.
Take the incomparable pair, for instance. This is applesauce and cinnamon, peanut butter and jelly, hot chocolate and a warm fire: the bread and butter that are tees and jeans. You'll be catching sun in the spring and summer with a light jacket or living it up with just the tee itself. And over there, in the winter, it's a solid start to the day. One comfortable layer for you and then each successive zip up or winter coat seals the deal. You're already wearing tees year-round, but now you're going to pay closer attention to it. As for jeans, these are your all-around pants. Casual, professional, hard-working, and smart. You solve problems in jeans. When you're fixing your water heater or laying salt on the driveway, you're likely to be in your jeans. Later on, in the summer you can roll those puppies up and walk barefoot around the yard or up along that shoreline.
Staying cool and looking sharp in the right sweaters.
Your Christmas sweater has a great time in the winter. There's no problem with festive clothing. What you should have, though, are a couple sweaters that you can wear from solstice to solstice. Take your cashmere for a spin. It's great as your cozy winter layer and in the opposite season when you're sidled up near a window as that cool summer rain pours down, you're in for a treat. Supima cotton sweaters are also a phenomenal choice.
Tunics for two pics.
Think of the times you've had together. That red flannel tunic helped you out in a pinch last winter when you didn't quite know what to wear to that holiday party. It didn't let you down and there it is again in all those 4th of July photos. There's some celebratory magic in that one. Same goes for your flannel shirts too. What's a backyard bonfire in the summer without the warmth of your flannel shirt? Also, how would you get through the ice storm without buttoning your flannel shirt all the way up, mummifying your neck and face with a scarf, and adding the cherry on top weatherproof winter coat ... just to get the mail. Your flannel is not just a fair-weathered friend.


This project studies how today's cloud storage services (CSSes) support collaborative file editing. As a tradeoff for transparency and user-friendliness, they do not ask users to use version control systems; instead, they implement their own heuristics for dealing with conflicts, which however often lead to unexpected and undesired experiences. With measurement study and reverse engineering, we unravel a number of their design and implementation issues as the root causes of undesired experiences.
Driven by the findings, we propose to reconsider the collaboration support of CSSes from a novel perspective of operations without using any locks. To enable this idea, we design intelligent approaches to the inference and transformation of users' editing operations, as well as optimizations to the maintenance of a file's historic versions. We develop an open-source system, UFC2 (User-Friendly Collaborative Cloud), to embody our design, which can avoid most (98%) conflicts with little (2%) time overhead.
We provide the customization code of UFC2 on GitHub.
Our collected real-world collaboration traces are hosted in Google Drive (13 GB in archive).
Please cite this study when using the data.
ufc2project [AT] gmail.com


This Chorley church is accepting card payments as it hopes to buckle a decline in donations
by Tom EarnshawA church has set its sights on going cashless as it attempts to put a stop to its donation decline.
Chorley United Reformed Church could be saying goodbye to the tradition offering plate as part of its attempts to modernise.
The Hollinshead Street church has this month began accepting credit and debit cards for its service offerings.
READ MORE: Owner is reunited with his missing pet parrot after being spotted by an eagle-eyed schoolgirl
Church minister Reverend Martin Whiffen said: “Many of our church members already support the church by making a regular standing order payment, but this will offer an easier way to make a gift than having to carry cash.”
The church also revealed the move comes following a year-on-year decline in money placed in the offering bags at Sunday services.
And the idea for accepting card came from one of the church’s young people, Jenny Deering.
Jenny, a Chorley actress who recently returned from a sell-out tour in China, playing Isabella in the Milky Way production of Wuthering Heights, said: “Like many young people, I don’t use cash, so when the offering plate comes round, I often have nothing to give.
"Now I will be able to tap my card and make an instant donation.
"It’s daft, but I can’t wait to give it a try.”
The church was founded in 1792 and is one the largest United Reformed Churches in the North West.


{% extends "helpline/base.html" %} {% block title %}{{ block.super }}: Add Question{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Use this form to submit a question (and optionally a corresponding answer) that you would like to see added to the FAQs on this site.


+1 hr: The onset is very mild and relaxed with overtones of anxiousness and mild paranoia, which is common with any first experience. Music has taken on a different dimension or realism, I am experiencing it as if it were more encompassing, I feel more immersed within the experience of it. Euphoric feelings rush me as I realize what I have done, this experience feels quite familiar for something completely new. Description has become quite enthralling, I am actually overjoyed at expressing my emotional reactions which seem to be completely in line with the rhythm, timber, and beat of the music I am listening to. I have become bored with descriptions now and will be venturing outside to experience nature… how fun!!!!!!!!!
+2 hr: Visualizations have become more frequent yet are very malleable, cognition seems to be slightly diminished or altered in an indescribable way. Social interaction has yet to be experienced on this trip, yet I feel as if a social scenario could easily be integrated into my present state. Anxious feelings come and go in intervals, when feelings of anxieties arise, they are easily subdued due to the high level of rationalization available to me during the experience.
+3 hr: Social interaction has just taken place, was very normal, if not slightly more sensitized, I felt more empathy and understanding toward the person with whom I was interacting. My altered state was unknown, yet had the subject been less intoxicated, I’m sure certain aspects of my personality would have been construed as altered.
+4 hr: Altered state remains constant with diminishing visualizations, overall energetic state has become more prevalent. Social interaction or shift of focus changes the experience almost reducing the intensity.
+5 hr: At base line with increased energy and a slight tightness or tension in the temple region, probably due to stimulant effects.
These were all written during my actual experience. I found this to be a very rewarding experience. 2cb has great potential especially if used properly. I think given the malleable nature of ones focus this drug enables, it could be ideally used for introspective journeys or therapeutic purposes.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Reports any
boolean
expressions which can be expressed more compactly, and arguably more clearly, as a conditional expression. Take for example the following expression:
a && b || !a && c;
which may be expressed as:
a ? b : c;
New in 15


Lok Sabha adjourned as Cong members storm well over Maharashtra govt issue
Congress leader Rahul Gandhi said democracy has been murdered in Maharashtra. Speaker Om Birla ordered the removal of two Congress members Hibi Eden and T N Prathapan- who were holding a big banner with 'stop murder of democracy slogan - by marsha...
by PTINew Delhi: Congress members in Lok Sabha on Monday stormed the well carrying placards to protest the swearing-in of a BJP-led government in Maharashtra, leading to adjournment of House proceedings till noon.
Congress leader Rahul Gandhi said democracy has been murdered in Maharashtra.
Speaker Om Birla ordered the removal of two Congress members Hibi Eden and T N Prathapan- who were holding a big banner with 'stop murder of democracy slogan - by marshals.
Intense protests by Congress members resisting their removal prompted the Speaker to adjourn the House till noon.


|
APB UVM Agent
0.0.1
|
Implements the UVC Agent component for Amba Peripheral Bus (APB). More...
Public Member Functions | |
| uvm_component_utils (apb_agent) apb_agent_config m_cfg | |
| Agent configuration. More... | |
| new (string name="apb_agent", uvm_component parent=null) | |
| Implements the default UVM component constructor. More... | |
| void | build_phase (uvm_phase phase) |
| Builds individual components based on configured agent's settings. More... | |
| void | connect_phase (uvm_phase phase) |
| Connects all the components that have been created suring the build phase. More... | |
Public Attributes | |
| uvm_analysis_port< apb_seq_item > | ap |
| Analysis port exported from the agent's monitor component. More... | |
| apb_monitor | m_monitor |
| An instance of the APB monitor. More... | |
| apb_sequencer | m_sequencer |
| An instance of the APB sequencer. It is present only in the active mode. More... | |
| apb_driver | m_driver |
| An instance of the APB driver. It is present only in the active mode. More... | |
| apb_coverage_monitor | m_fcov_monitor |
| An instance collecting functional coverage. More... | |
Implements the UVC Agent component for Amba Peripheral Bus (APB).
The implementation comes from the Verification Cookbook at the Verification Academy site (https://verificationacademy.com/). It follows the conventional UVC agent structure.
The agent consists of the following parts: Driver, monitor, sequencer and a coverage collection class. The agent is configured through a specific configuration object. The agent exports its monitor's analysis port.
Definition at line 31 of file apb_agent.svh.
| void apb_agent::build_phase | ( | uvm_phase | phase | ) |
Builds individual components based on configured agent's settings.
| phase | Reference to the build phase instance. |
Definition at line 98 of file apb_agent.svh.
References m_driver, m_fcov_monitor, m_monitor, and m_sequencer.
| void apb_agent::connect_phase | ( | uvm_phase | phase | ) |
Connects all the components that have been created suring the build phase.
| phase | Reference to the connect phase instance. |
Definition at line 114 of file apb_agent.svh.
References ap, apb_monitor::ap, apb_monitor::APB, apb_monitor::apb_index, m_driver, m_fcov_monitor, m_monitor, and m_sequencer.
| apb_agent::new | ( | string | name = "apb_agent" , |
| uvm_component | parent = null |
||
| ) |
Implements the default UVM component constructor.
| name | Name of the agent component. This name will be associated with the agent instance and may be used for looking up the instance in the UVM Config DB. |
| parent | Reference to a parent component, which the agent instance will be a part of. |
Definition at line 94 of file apb_agent.svh.
| apb_agent::uvm_component_utils | ( | apb_agent | ) |
Agent configuration.
It will be obtained from the UVM Configuration DB during the build phase, under the keyword apb_agent_config
.
| uvm_analysis_port<apb_seq_item> apb_agent::ap |
Analysis port exported from the agent's monitor component.
Definition at line 47 of file apb_agent.svh.
Referenced by connect_phase().
| apb_driver apb_agent::m_driver |
An instance of the APB driver. It is present only in the active mode.
Definition at line 54 of file apb_agent.svh.
Referenced by build_phase(), and connect_phase().
| apb_coverage_monitor apb_agent::m_fcov_monitor |
An instance collecting functional coverage.
It is present only if the agent was configured with enabled coverage collection.
Definition at line 57 of file apb_agent.svh.
Referenced by build_phase(), and connect_phase().
| apb_monitor apb_agent::m_monitor |
An instance of the APB monitor.
This component is always present (i.e. even in the passive mode).
Definition at line 50 of file apb_agent.svh.
Referenced by build_phase(), and connect_phase().
| apb_sequencer apb_agent::m_sequencer |
An instance of the APB sequencer. It is present only in the active mode.
Definition at line 52 of file apb_agent.svh.
Referenced by build_phase(), and connect_phase().


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Finally got all the grout on. I'm dirty, aching, my hands itch from all the rinsing... but it looks fantastic!
8/10/2008, 11:40:03 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link--- layout: tweet ---
Finally got all the grout on. I'm dirty, aching, my hands itch from all the rinsing... but it looks fantastic!
8/10/2008, 11:40:03 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link


Bio
Hey, I'm Kate! I'm currently 21 working in Marketing and studying Web Development. I recently had a new addition to the family, Finn (pictured to the right), he's a Cocker Spaniel & absolutely brilliant.
One of my favourite times of year is Halloween because I absolutely love autumn. I love the crisp air (which isn't too cold) and particularly enjoy pumpkin picking. Plus, warm drinks after you've been outside in the cold? What's not to love!


Defined in generated file: python/ops/gen_math_ops.py
Returns element-wise integer closest to x.
tf.compat.v1.math.rint
tf.compat.v1.rint
tf.compat.v2.math.rint
tf.math.rint( x, name=None )
If the result is midway between two representable values, the even representable is chosen. For example:
rint(-1.5) ==> -2.0 rint(0.5000001) ==> 1.0 rint([-1.7, -1.5, -0.2, 0.2, 1.5, 1.7, 2.0]) ==> [-2., -2., -0., 0., 2., 2., 2.]
x
: A Tensor
. Must be one of the following types: bfloat16
, half
, float32
, float64
.name
: A name for the operation (optional).A Tensor
. Has the same type as x
.


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EXPLORATION
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THE
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--
1605117
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


Entity Extractors In One Hour - Created with Haiku Deck, presentation software that inspires
tbd
Utilities to set up and process annotation tasks in the IST platform or in Mechanical Turk. Transform the ad hoc directory and convention structure in place to principled version promulgated by Pedro's design. See attachments.
pip install requests
pip install boto
pip install nltk
pip install awscli
export GITHUB=<your github repository root folder>
export PATH="$PATH:$GITHUB/dig-mturk/generic/scripts
. ~/.profile
(or other init file used above).cd $GITHUB/dig-mturk; git checkout master; cd mturk; mvn clean install
cd $GITHUB/Web-Karma; git checkout development; mvn clean install
aws configure
# -------------------
# ADVANCED PROPERTIES
# -------------------
# If you want to have your solution work against the Amazon Mechnical Turk Production site (http://www.mturk.com)
# use the service_url defined below:
service_url=https://mechanicalturk.amazonaws.com/?Service=AWSMechanicalTurkRequester
#list of comma separated retriable errors which will be retried by RetryFilter
retriable_errors=Server.ServiceUnavailable
retry_attempts=10
retry_delay_millis=1000
access_key=<AWS ACCESS KEY ID>
secret_key=<AWS SECRET ACCESS KEY>
# -------------------
# ADVANCED PROPERTIES
# -------------------
# If you want to test your solution in the Amazon Mechanical Turk Developers Sandbox (http://sandbox.mturk.com)
# use the service_url defined below:
service_url=https://mechanicalturk.sandbox.amazonaws.com/?Service=AWSMechanicalTurkRequester
#list of comma separated retriable errors which will be retried by RetryFilter
retriable_errors=Server.ServiceUnavailable
retry_attempts=10
retry_delay_millis=1000
access_key=<AWS ACCESS_KEY ID>
secret_key=<AWS SECRET ACCESS KEY>
MTurk hits can be run in sanbox (developer) or live environment. Hits can be created with/without qualifications. All the possibilities are explained below.
cd $GITHUB/dig-mturk
export EXTRACTION=<extraction>
newExtraction.sh $EXTRACTION
This will create $GITHUB/dig-mturk/extractions/$EXTRACTION and copy/adapt a few files dig-mturk/extractions/boilerplate/ to /dig-mturk/extractions/$EXTRACTION/.eyehair
we might have categories eye
, with human-readable label Eye Color
and hair
, with label Hair Type
.cat head.html instructions.html tail.html > page.html; open page.html
$GITHUB/dig-mturk/extractions/$EXTRACTION/karma/preloaded-ontologies/mturk-ontology.ttl
edit $GITHUB/dig-mturk/extractions/$EXTRACTION/karma/python/mturk.py
fetchSentences.sh $EXTRACTION $TRAIL $SIZE
$SIZE is the number of sentences to be fetched from ES. This will generate extractions/$EXTRACTION/sentences.json.newQualification.sh $EXTRACTON
- this will copy config JSON from extractions/boilerplate/qualification/ to extractions/$EXTRACTION/qualification/qual_${EXTRACTION}.jsonexplanation.wrong
needn't be edited. The py script will populate this field as required before generating HTML.python mturk/src/main/python/qualGenerator.py
. This will generate and publish qualification HTML to S3. It will also generate qualification.cfg../createQualification.sh -sandbox $GITHUB/dig-mturk/extractions/$EXTRACTION/qualification.cfg
to create qualification in sandbox. This will update qualification.cfg with the qualification ID generated by Amazon../createQualification.sh -live $GITHUB/dig-mturk/extractions/$EXTRACTION/qualification.cfg
to create qualification in live. This will update qualification.cfg with the quualification ID generated by Amazon.mturk/src/main/python/respondQualification.py
for every 5 minutes. This job approves/rejects all qualification requests.You may want to edit create.cfg for a small number of hits, small number of sentences/hit.
export TRIAL=<trial>
mkdir $GITHUB/dig-mturk/extractions/$EXTRACTION/$TRIAL
createHits.sh $EXTRACTION $TRIAL
. This will create config json for hits and upload it to S3 at extractions/$EXTRACTION/$TRAIL/config/.deployHits.sh -sandbox $EXTRACTION $TRIAL
. This will create all files requires to create a HIT and publish those to extractions/$EXTRACTION/$TRAIL/hits/ in S3 and yield a few sandbox URLs, which you can annotate yourself to test things out. If hit was created using qualification you need to take the qualification test, get qualified before you are allowed to do the hits.hitResults.sh -sandbox $EXTRACTION $TRIAL
. This will approve the unapproved assignments of the hits and create tab separated result files in S3 (extractions/$EXTRACTION/$TRAIL/hits/).You may want to edit create.cfg for a significant number of hits, standardized number of sentences/hit.
export TRIAL=<trial>
mkdir $GITHUB/dig-mturk/extractions/$EXTRACTION/$TRIAL
createHits.sh $EXTRACTION $TRIAL
. This will create config json for hits and upload it to S3 at extractions/$EXTRACTION/$TRAIL/config/.deployHits.sh -live $EXTRACTION $TRIAL
. This will create all files requires to create a HIT and publish those to extractions/$EXTRACTION/$TRAIL/hits/ in S3 and yield a few sandbox URLs, which you can annotate yourself to test things out. If hit was created using qualification you need to take the qualification test, get qualified before you are allowed to do the hits.hitResults.sh -live $EXTRACTION $TRIAL
. This will create all files requires to create a HIT and publish those to extractions/$EXTRACTION/$TRAIL/hits/ in S3 and yield a few sandbox URLs, which you can annotate yourself to test things out. If hit was created using qualification you need to take the qualification test, get qualified before you are allowed to do the hits.Since these are processing done on results fetched from hits and stored in S3, these steps don't depend on the staging area (live/sandbox) of the hits.
consolidateResults.sh $EXTRACTION $TRIAL
# Note: no -sandbox since it is independent of Mturk. This will consolidate the result files for all hits in a particular trial.fetchConsolidated.sh $EXTRACTION $TRIAL
. This will download consolidated result file from S3.modelConsolidated.sh $EXTRACTION $TRIAL
. This will do offline karma model for the results fetched from S3.adjudicate.sh $EXTRACTION $TRIAL
. This will compute the agreement amongst the Turkers for each annotation. Adjudicated results are in $GITHUB/dig-mturk/extractions/$EXTRACTION/$TRIAL/adjudicated_$EXTRACTION_$TRIAL.jsonThis research is supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under contract number FA8750-14-C-0240.
1 The student Lidia Ferreira thank to Science Without Borders Program, CAPES Scholarship - Proc. Nº 88888.030514/2013-00.


| addBBands {quantmod} | R Documentation |
Add Bollinger Bands to current chart.
addBBands(n = 20, sd = 2, maType = "SMA", draw = 'bands', on = -1)
n |
number of moving average periods |
maType |
type of moving average to be used |
sd |
number of standard deviations |
draw |
indicator to draw: bands, percent, or width |
on |
which figure area of chart to apply to |
The primary addition to this function call over the TTR
version is in the draw
argument. ‘bands’ will draw
standard Bollinger Bands, ‘percent’ will draw Bollinger %b
and ‘width’ will draw Bolinger Bands Width. The last two will
be drawn in new figure regions.
See bollingerBands in TTR for specific details as to implementation and references.
Bollinger Bands will be drawn, or scheduled to be drawn,
on the current chart. If draw
is either percent or width
a new figure will be added to the current TA figures charted.
A chobTA object will be returned silently.
Jeffrey A. Ryan
See bollingerBands in TTR written by Josh Ulrich
## Not run: addBBands() ## End(Not run)


Suggested reading
We've pulled together some books we've found interesting or helpful; they all use our Amazon affiliate code to help pay for hosting Spacelog.
{% for list in READING_LISTS %}{{ list.0 }}
-
{% for book in list.1 %}
- {{ book.0 }}{% if book.1 %} by {{ book.1 }}{% endif %} {% endfor %}
Websites
The editors and contributors of the ALSJ and AFJ have been working since the 1990s to provided detailed resources about the Apollo missions. If you like Spacelog, you should find them fascinating.
- Apollo Lunar Surface Journal edited by Eric M Jones and Ken Glover
- Apollo Flight Journal edited by David Woods
- Project Apollo 17 built by Ben Feist, working with the AFJ
NASA archives
Working with the Internet Archive, NASA has released a lot of archive material from the Mercury missions onward through to recent ISS increments.


Filtering User Accounts by Unauthorized Users
How to filter user accounts to display only unauthorized users using the User Accounts module. Unauthorized user accounts display the Unchecked icon in the Authorized column.
- Navigate to Admin > User Accounts - OR - Go to a User Accounts module.
- Click the Unauthorized link. By default, the first ten ( 10 ) unauthorized user accounts are listed in alphabetical order by username. Use the Pager Control to navigate to further records. See "About the Pager"
Filtering User Accounts by Unauthorized User Accounts


How many players are there?
Where do you want the questions to come from?
Daily Doubles:
| JEOPARDY! | JEOPARDY! | JEOPARDY! | JEOPARDY! | JEOPARDY! | JEOPARDY! |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $200 | $200 | $200 | $200 | $200 | $200 |
| $400 | $400 | $400 | $400 | $400 | $400 |
| $600 | $600 | $600 | $600 | $600 | $600 |
| $800 | $800 | $800 | $800 | $800 | $800 |
| $1000 | $1000 | $1000 | $1000 | $1000 | $1000 |
Answer:


Module Name: TimePickerModule
Timepicker can parse the most used time representations allowing you and your users to enter time using their preferred way for writing it.


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Abstract database class
Every main driver class must extend this class in order to be loadable and to comply with the database access layer interface. This also contains the factory method used to instanciate a new database driver instance.
Every main driver class must extend this class in order to be loadable and to comply with the database access layer interface. This also contains the factory method used to instanciate a new database driver instance.


West Ham midfielder Noble hopeful of being fit for London derby
West Ham captain Mark Noble is hopeful of being fit to face Tottenham in Saturday’s London derby despite scans suggesting he was set for a spell on the sidelines.
The 32-year-old was forced from the field during his side’s 3-0 defeat at Burnley on 9th November, and it was initially thought that he would miss their next few games with a sprained ankle.
However, there is growing confidence that Noble will be available to take his place at the heart of the Hammers’ midfield when they take on rivals Tottenham at the London Stadium this weekend – which will be Jose Mourinho‘s first game in charge of Spurs.
According to Football Insider, Noble is ‘well placed to be given the all-clear for the fixture after making quick progress in his rehabilitation, news that will be a real boost to Manuel Pellegrini as he looks to put an end to their recent run of bad form.
West Ham are without a win in their last seven games in all competitions and have not won in the Premier League since September.
The report goes on to say that Noble will be monitored closely by West Ham’s medical staff during the week, but the Chilean coach is keen to include him in his line-up if possible.
Read more: Further details reveal just how close Klopp was to taking Man Utd job


Select a file using the Source file input and then click "Display metadata". Metadata about the file will be displayed below. GeoTIFFs work best, but GeoJSON and Shapefiles will work to some extent as well. Make sure to select sidecar files when relevant (e.g. .prj, .dbf, .shx, etc. for Shapefiles).


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