| Class and Description |
|---|
| Asset
Usually a public file/resource like javascript, css, images files, etc...
|
| Command |
| Cookie
Creates a cookie, a small amount of information sent by a server to a Web browser, saved by the browser, and later sent back to the server.
|
| Cookie.Definition
Build a Cookie .
|
| Deferred
async request processing
|
| Deferred.Handler
A deferred handler.
|
| Deferred.Initializer
Deferred initializer with Request access, useful to provide a more functional API.
|
| Deferred.Initializer0
Deferred initializer, useful to provide a more functional API.
|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Env.Builder
Build an jooby environment.
|
| Env.PropertySource
Property source for Env.Resolver
|
| Env.Resolver
Template literal implementation, replaces ${expression} from a String using a Config object.
|
| Env.ServiceKey
Utility class for generating Key for named services.
|
| Err
An exception that carry a Status .
|
| Err.BadMediaType
Exception thrown from MediaType.parse(String) in case of encountering an invalid media type specification String.
|
| Err.Handler
Handle and render exceptions.
|
| Jooby
jooby
|
Jooby.EnvPredicate
{ on("dev", () -> { // run something on dev }).orElse(() -> { // run something on prod }); }
|
| Jooby.Module |
| LifeCycle
life cycle
|
| MediaType
An immutable implementation of HTTP media types (a.k.a mime types).
|
| MediaType.Matcher
A media type matcher.
|
| Mutant
A type safe Mutant useful for reading parameters/headers/session attributes, etc..
|
| Parser
Parse a request param (path, query, form) or body to something else.
|
| Parser.BodyReference
Expose the HTTP body as a series of bytes or text.
|
| Parser.Builder
A parser can be executed against a simply HTTP param, a set of HTTP params, an file Upload or HTTP Parser.BodyReference .
|
| Parser.Callback
A parser callback.
|
| Parser.Context
Allows you to access to parsing strategies, content type view Parser.Context.type() and invoke next parser in the chain via Parser.Context.next() methods.
|
| Parser.ParamReference
Expose HTTP params from path, query, form url encoded or multipart request as a raw string.
|
| Registry
service registry
|
| Renderer
Write a value into the HTTP response and apply a format, if need it.
|
| Renderer.Context
Contains a few utility methods for doing the actual rendering and writing.
|
| Request
Give you access at the current HTTP request in order to read parameters, headers and body.
|
| Request.Flash
Flash scope.
|
| RequestLogger
request logger
|
| Response
Give you access to the actual HTTP response.
|
| Result
Utility class for HTTP responses.
|
| Route
Routes are a key concept in Jooby.
|
| Route.After
after
|
| Route.AssetDefinition
Allow to customize an asset handler.
|
| Route.Before
before
|
| Route.Chain
Chain of routes to be executed.
|
| Route.Collection
Collection of Route.Props useful for registering/setting route options at once.
|
| Route.Complete
complete
|
| Route.Definition
DSL for customize routes.
|
| Route.Filter
The most advanced route handler which let you decided if the next route handler in the chain can be executed or not.
|
| Route.Handler
A route handler that always call Route.Chain.next(Request, Response) .
|
| Route.Mapper
Converts a route output to something else, see Router#map(Mapper) .
|
| Route.OneArgHandler
A functional route handler that use the return value as HTTP response.
|
| Route.Props
Common route properties, like static and global metadata via attributes, path exclusion, produces and consumes types.
|
| Route.Source
Provides useful information about where the route was defined.
|
| Route.ZeroArgHandler
A functional handler that use the return value as HTTP response.
|
| Router
Route DSL.
|
| Session
Sessions are created on demand via: Request.session() .
|
| Session.Builder
Build or restore a session from a persistent storage.
|
| Session.Definition
Hold session related configuration parameters.
|
| Session.Store
Read, save and delete sessions from a persistent storage.
|
| Sse
Server Sent Events
|
| Sse.Event
Event representation of Server sent event.
|
| Sse.Handler
Server-sent event handler.
|
| Sse.Handler1
Single argument event handler.
|
| Status
HTTP status codes.
|
| Upload
File upload from a browser on MediaType.multipart request.
|
| View
Special result that hold view name and model.
|
| WebSocket
WebSockets
|
| WebSocket.CloseStatus
Hold a status code and optionally a reason message for WebSocket.close() operations.
|
| WebSocket.Definition
Configure a web socket.
|
| WebSocket.OnClose |
| WebSocket.OnError
Web socket err callback.
|
| WebSocket.OnMessage
Web socket message callback.
|
| WebSocket.OnOpen
A web socket connect handler.
|
| WebSocket.OnOpen1
A web socket connect handler.
|
| WebSocket.SuccessCallback
Web socket success callback.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby
jooby
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Route.Definition
DSL for customize routes.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| MediaType
An immutable implementation of HTTP media types (a.k.a mime types).
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Session
Sessions are created on demand via: Request.session() .
|
| Session.Builder
Build or restore a session from a persistent storage.
|
| Session.Store
Read, save and delete sessions from a persistent storage.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Session
Sessions are created on demand via: Request.session() .
|
| Session.Builder
Build or restore a session from a persistent storage.
|
| Session.Store
Read, save and delete sessions from a persistent storage.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Session
Sessions are created on demand via: Request.session() .
|
| Session.Builder
Build or restore a session from a persistent storage.
|
| Session.Store
Read, save and delete sessions from a persistent storage.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Session
Sessions are created on demand via: Request.session() .
|
| Session.Builder
Build or restore a session from a persistent storage.
|
| Session.Store
Read, save and delete sessions from a persistent storage.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Session
Sessions are created on demand via: Request.session() .
|
| Session.Builder
Build or restore a session from a persistent storage.
|
| Session.Store
Read, save and delete sessions from a persistent storage.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Request
Give you access at the current HTTP request in order to read parameters, headers and body.
|
| Response
Give you access to the actual HTTP response.
|
| Route.Chain
Chain of routes to be executed.
|
| Route.Filter
The most advanced route handler which let you decided if the next route handler in the chain can be executed or not.
|
| Route.Handler
A route handler that always call Route.Chain.next(Request, Response) .
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Session
Sessions are created on demand via: Request.session() .
|
| Session.Builder
Build or restore a session from a persistent storage.
|
| Session.Store
Read, save and delete sessions from a persistent storage.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Route.Filter
The most advanced route handler which let you decided if the next route handler in the chain can be executed or not.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Session
Sessions are created on demand via: Request.session() .
|
| Session.Builder
Build or restore a session from a persistent storage.
|
| Session.Store
Read, save and delete sessions from a persistent storage.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| MediaType
An immutable implementation of HTTP media types (a.k.a mime types).
|
| Renderer
Write a value into the HTTP response and apply a format, if need it.
|
| Renderer.Context
Contains a few utility methods for doing the actual rendering and writing.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Session
Sessions are created on demand via: Request.session() .
|
| Session.Builder
Build or restore a session from a persistent storage.
|
| Session.Store
Read, save and delete sessions from a persistent storage.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Request
Give you access at the current HTTP request in order to read parameters, headers and body.
|
| Response
Give you access to the actual HTTP response.
|
| Route.Filter
The most advanced route handler which let you decided if the next route handler in the chain can be executed or not.
|
| Route.Handler
A route handler that always call Route.Chain.next(Request, Response) .
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Request
Give you access at the current HTTP request in order to read parameters, headers and body.
|
| Response
Give you access to the actual HTTP response.
|
| Route.Filter
The most advanced route handler which let you decided if the next route handler in the chain can be executed or not.
|
| Route.Handler
A route handler that always call Route.Chain.next(Request, Response) .
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Session
Sessions are created on demand via: Request.session() .
|
| Session.Builder
Build or restore a session from a persistent storage.
|
| Session.Store
Read, save and delete sessions from a persistent storage.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Session
Sessions are created on demand via: Request.session() .
|
| Session.Builder
Build or restore a session from a persistent storage.
|
| Session.Store
Read, save and delete sessions from a persistent storage.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Request
Give you access at the current HTTP request in order to read parameters, headers and body.
|
| Session
Sessions are created on demand via: Request.session() .
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Route.Mapper
Converts a route output to something else, see Router#map(Mapper) .
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Jooby
jooby
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Route.Mapper
Converts a route output to something else, see Router#map(Mapper) .
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Cookie
Creates a cookie, a small amount of information sent by a server to a Web browser, saved by the browser, and later sent back to the server.
|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Jooby.Module |
| Route.Definition
DSL for customize routes.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Cookie
Creates a cookie, a small amount of information sent by a server to a Web browser, saved by the browser, and later sent back to the server.
|
| WebSocket.OnError
Web socket err callback.
|
| WebSocket.SuccessCallback
Web socket success callback.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Jooby
jooby
|
| Request
Give you access at the current HTTP request in order to read parameters, headers and body.
|
| Response
Give you access to the actual HTTP response.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Env
Allows to optimize, customize or apply defaults values for application services.
|
| Jooby.Module |
Copyright © 2019. All rights reserved.


Resources Hub
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Ready to learn?
This is the place where you will find ebooks related to various domains.
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Fork this repository from github.
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--- layout: default ---
You really want to find the castle with the princess? Or maybe you have an idea for the next, awesome web or mobile application that you need help realizing? We're here to help any way we can!
(704) 802-2633


I'm a person who love challenges and always see the opportunities in setbacks. Although I've dabbled in different industry — from health nutrition, sales closing to online shopping e-commerce, I'm currently advancing my education in taking up an advance degree in Modern Programming and a self-taught developer.
I'm also certified coach (HRDF “Train The Trainer”) with a passion to help others and loves working together to find solutions to problems.
Being a person that pays attention to details, I believed I can contribute to the the growth of a company and make a positive impact with my experiences and knowledge which I hope to share.
{% include employment-status.html %}


{% trans "Consider yourself lucky! There is no homework for you..." %} yet!
{% endif %}
{% if current_homework %}
{% trans "Assignments" %}
{% with current_homework as homework %}
{% with 'main' as hw_modal_spec %}
{% include 'objects/course/homework/student.html' %}
{% comment %} on course page there are 2 such modals {% endcomment %}
{% endwith %}
{% endwith %}
{% endif %}
{% if documents %}


--- layout: default title: Types of Bats meta: Megabats and Microbats are the two main groups of bat sepcies. source: http://mrsgebauer.com/bats/Kinds/kinds.htm ---
The megabat, contrary to its name, is not always large: the smallest species is 6 cm (2.4 in) long and thus smaller than some microbats.The largest attain a wingspan of 1.7 m (5.6 ft), weighing in at up to 1.6 kg (3.5 lb). Most fruit bats have large eyes, allowing them to orient themselves visually in twilight and inside caves and forests.Their sense of smell is excellent. In contrast to the microbats, the fruit bats do not use echolocation (with one exception, the Egyptian fruit bat Rousettus egyptiacus, which uses high-pitched clicks to navigate in caves).
Red Flying fox
Grey Headed Flying Fox
Spectacled Flying Fox Bat
Fruit Bat
Black Flying Fox
Long Tongues Nectar Bat
The microbats constitute the suborder Microchiroptera within the order Chiroptera (bats). They are most often referred to by their scientific name. Other English names are insectivorous bats, echolocating bats, small bats or true bats. All these names are somewhat inaccurate, because not all microbats feed on insects, and some of them are larger than small megabats.
Spotted Bat
Mexican Free-Tailed Bat
Bumblebee Bat
Spear Nosed Bat
Little Broad Nosed Bat
Orange Leaf Nosed Bat


Limited to pretty much what can be represented with basic Markdown. It borrows text and examples from http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax.text.
Like this one.
And this one, which is longer. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
Atx-style headers are used as the default. They use 1-6 hash characters at the start of the line, corresponding to header levels 1-6
Blockquotes use a >
before every line (not the "lazy" single >
):
This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
Blockquotes can contain other Markdown elements, including headers, lists, and code blocks:
This is a header.
- This is the first list item.
- This is the second list item.
Here's some example code:
return shell_exec("echo $input | $markdown_script");
Unordered lists use hyphens:
Ordered lists use numbers followed by periods:
List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent
paragraph in a list item is indented by 4 spaces:
This is a list item with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor
sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit
mi posuere lectus.
Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet
vitae, risus. Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum
sit amet velit.
Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
Fenced code blocks are used:
Some code
The language can be specified:
Some R code
Three hyphens are used for a horizontal rule:
This is an example link and this one also has a title.
Autolinks are supported e.g. http://example.com
Emphasis (HTML5 em) uses single underscore: emphasized.
Importance (HTML5 strong) uses single asterisks: important.
Inline code uses backticks
.
Inline image syntax looks like this:
Optionally, you can include a title:


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top
Display dynamic real-time information about running processes.
More information: home page
- Start top:
top
- Do not show any idle or zombie processes:
top -i
- Show only processes owned by given user:
top -u username
- Sort processes by a field:
top -o field_name
- Show the individual threads of a given process:
top -Hp process_id
- Show only the processes with the given PID(s), passed as a comma-separated list. (Normally you wouldn't know PIDs off hand. This example picks the PIDs from the process name):
top -p $(pgrep -d ',' process_name)
- Get help about interactive commands:
?


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The package.json file MUST contain either a repository object or a bugs object.
If bugs
is specified then either a URL or an email address can by supplied.
This is so that users can report bugs and request support when using the package.
https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/v7/configuring-npm/package-json#bugs


Open this tutorial in a jupyter notebook.
Tensor¶
Definition¶
A tensor is multi-dimensional array, similar to NumPy arrays. Their particularity is their capability to stock previous gradients and operations. Their architecture was highly inspired from PyTorch documentation.
In PyTorch, you create tensors using the tensor built-in method tensor
or use Tensor
class directly (it is not recommended to instantiate a tensor this way however).
NETS does not have (yet) built-in functions, so you will need to use the Tensor
class to create a tensor.
Tensors supports basic mathematical operations.
All these operations are defined in the nets/ops.py
module. Here is a list of some operations currently supported:
add
which add to tensors (broadcasting is supported),subtract
which subtract to tensors (broadcasting is supported),multiply
which add to tensors with the same shape,dot
which compute the dot product@
of two matrices,exp
which compute the element-wise exponentiation of a tensor.sum
which sum up all elements in a tensor,transpose
which transpose a tensor.
import nets
t1 = nets.Tensor([[1, 3],
[5, 7]])
t2 = nets.Tensor([[2, 4],
[6, 8]])
print(f"t1 =\n{t1}")
print(f"t2 =\n{t2}")
print("\nSome basic operations")
print(f"t1 + t2: \n{t1 + t2}")
print(f"t1 - t2: \n{t1 - t2}")
print(f"t1 * t2: \n{t1 *t2}")
print(f"t1 @ t2: \n{t1 @ t2}")
print(f"t1 ** 2: \n{t1 ** 2}")
print(f"t1 / t2: \n{t1 / t2}")
print(f"t1 / 10: \n{t1 / 10}")
Out:
t1 =
Tensor([[1, 3],
[5, 7]])
t2 =
Tensor([[2, 4],
[6, 8]])
Some basic operations
t1 + t2:
Tensor([[ 3, 7],
[11, 15]])
t1 - t2:
Tensor([[-1, -1],
[-1, -1]])
t1 * t2:
Tensor([[ 2, 12],
[30, 56]])
t1 @ t2:
Tensor([[20, 28],
[52, 76]])
t1 ** 2:
Tensor([[ 1, 9],
[25, 49]])
t1 / t2:
Tensor([[0.5000, 0.7500],
[0.8333, 0.8750]])
t1 / 10:
Tensor([[0.1, 0.3],
[0.5, 0.7]])
Gradients¶
NETS uses a custom autograd system, made with numpy.
Some vanilla architectures do not depends on this functionality however, like DNN
networks.
All these information will be detailed in the model’s section.
As you may have seen, there is a requires_grad
set to False
by default when we create a tensor.
This attribute attributes works similarly as PyTorch’s attribute. If set to True
,
previous gradients will be registered and saved in this tensor, in the _hooks
attribute.
This attribute is basically a list containing all previous gradients.
That is, when calling the backward
method on this tensor with an upstream gradient,
it will propagate through all previous gradients.
Let’s see some basic examples:
t1 = nets.Tensor([1, 3], requires_grad=True)
t2 = nets.Tensor([2, 4], requires_grad=True)
# Some operations
t3 = t1 + t2 + 4
t4 = t3 * t2
print(f"t1 =\n{t1}")
print(f"t2 =\n{t2}")
print("\nOperation:")
print("t3 = t1 + t2 + 4")
print("t4 = t3 * t2")
print(f"\nt3 =\n{t3}")
print(f"t4 =\n{t4}")
print("\nBefore backpropagation")
print(f"t1 gradient: {t1.grad}")
print(f"t2 gradient: {t2.grad}")
print(f"t3 gradient: {t3.grad}")
print(f"t4 gradient: {t4.grad}")
# Upstream gradient
grad = nets.Tensor([-1, 2])
# Back-propagation
t4.backward(grad)
print("\nAfter backpropagation")
print(f"t1 gradient: {t1.grad}")
print(f"t2 gradient: {t2.grad}")
print(f"t3 gradient: {t3.grad}")
print(f"t4 gradient: {t4.grad}")
Out:
t1 =
Tensor([1, 3], requires_grad=True)
t2 =
Tensor([2, 4], requires_grad=True)
Operation:
t3 = t1 + t2 + 4
t4 = t3 * t2
t3 =
Tensor([ 7, 11], requires_grad=True)
t4 =
Tensor([14, 44], requires_grad=True)
Before backpropagation
t1 gradient: Tensor([0., 0.])
t2 gradient: Tensor([0., 0.])
t3 gradient: Tensor([0., 0.])
t4 gradient: Tensor([0., 0.])
After backpropagation
t1 gradient: Tensor([-2., 8.])
t2 gradient: Tensor([-9., 30.])
t3 gradient: Tensor([-2., 8.])
t4 gradient: Tensor([-1., 2.])
Autograd¶
The autograd system creates a computational graph dynamically, used to update deep learning models.
The backward pass is called for computing the gradients and create a computational graph from all previous operations.
This backward pass can be called using the backward
method of a Module
.
In this case, you will need to write the computational on your own, as the gradients’ equations depends on a model.
This Vanilla back-propagation is implemented for standard models, like DNN
, CNN
and RNN
.
However, you won’t be able to mix them using this technique unless you change some parts of the backward
method.
Or, you can use the autograd system. As Tensor
keeps track of the computational graph in their hooks
,
it is easier to compute the back-propagation. The back-propagation is decomposed in elementary operations (+, -, /, *, exp)
and the gradient given from a Loss
function is then transferred through the computational graph.
Example:
t1 = nets.Tensor([[1., 3.],
[5., 7.]], requires_grad=True)
t2 = nets.Tensor([[2., 4.],
[6., 8.]], requires_grad=True)
# Some operations
t3 = nets.tanh(t1 * t2)
print(f"t1 =\n{t1}")
print(f"t2 =\n{t2}")
print("\nBefore backpropagation")
print(f"t1 gradient:\n{t1.grad}")
print(f"t2 gradient:\n{t2.grad}")
print('t3 = tanh(t1 * t2)')
print(f"t3 gradient:\n{t3.grad}")
# Upstream gradient
grad = nets.Tensor([[-1., 2.],
[-3., 4.]])
# Back-propagation
t3.sum(axis=1).backward(grad[0])
print("\nAfter backpropagation")
print(f"t1 gradient:\n{t1.grad}")
print(f"t2 gradient:\n{t2.grad}")
print('t3 = tanh(t1 * t2)')
print(f"t3 gradient:\n{t3.grad}")
Out:
t1 =
Tensor([[1., 3.],
[5., 7.]], requires_grad=True)
t2 =
Tensor([[2., 4.],
[6., 8.]], requires_grad=True)
Before backpropagation
t1 gradient:
Tensor([[0., 0.],
[0., 0.]])
t2 gradient:
Tensor([[0., 0.],
[0., 0.]])
t3 = tanh(t1 * t2)
t3 gradient:
Tensor([[0., 0.],
[0., 0.]])
After backpropagation
t1 gradient:
Tensor([[-1.4130e-01, -6.0402e-10],
[ 0.0000e+00, 0.0000e+00]])
t2 gradient:
Tensor([[-7.0651e-02, -4.5302e-10],
[ 0.0000e+00, 0.0000e+00]])
t3 = tanh(t1 * t2)
t3 gradient:
Tensor([[-1., -1.],
[ 2., 2.]])
Example¶
With the backward pass, you can minimize any basic functions (functions that can be decomposed ito elementary operations). As the autograd system, record the gradients, you can determine the slope at this point and adjust your inputs by a coefficient, called learning rate \(l_r\).
This is maybe a lot of information and a lot of text, so let’s try to visualize how we can use gradients to minimize a function instead.
The function we will try to minimize is the so called three hump camel function:
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
# Make data
camel = lambda x,y: (2*x**2 - 1.05*x**4 + ((x**6)/6) + x*y + y**2)
X = np.linspace(-1, 1, 100)
Y = np.linspace(-1, 1, 100)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
Z = camel(X, Y)
# Plot the surface
ax.view_init(30, 105)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap='coolwarm', linewidth=0)
Let’s minimize this function with NETS
import random as rd
from nets.optim import SGD
# Random x points
data = rd.uniform(-1, 1)
xn = nets.Parameter(data)
# Random y points
data = rd.uniform(-1, 1)
yn = nets.Parameter(data)
# Learning rate
lr = 0.1
optimizer = SGD([xn, yn], lr=lr, momentum=0)
# Keep track of the loss
nets_history = []
nets_points_history = []
# Run the simulation 50 times
for i in range(50):
# The gradients accumulates, we need to clear that at each epochs
optimizer.zero_grad()
# outputs, can be seen as "predictions"
zn = camel(xn, yn)
# Compute the loss (sum of all values)
# As the minimum is at (0, 0), the lower the loss is, the closest we are to this minimum
loss = zn.sum() # is a 0-tensor
# Get the gradients
loss.backward()
# Update the points
optimizer.step()
# Add the loss to the history and display the current loss in the console
nets_history.append(loss.item())
nets_points_history.append((xn.item(), yn.item(), zn.item()))
print(f"\repoch: {i:4d} | loss: {loss.item():1.2E}", end="")
Out:
epoch: 49 | loss: 3.61E-09


Contributing to Qiskit¶
Qiskit is an open-source project committed to bringing quantum computing to people of all backgrounds. This page describes how you can join the Qiskit community in this goal.
Where Things Are¶
The code for Qiskit is located in the Qiskit GitHub organization, where you can find the individual projects that make up Qiskit, including
Getting Started¶
Learn how members of the Qiskit community
Contributor License Agreement¶
Before you can submit any code we need all contributors to sign a contributor license agreement. By signing a contributor license agreement (CLA) you’re basically just attesting to the fact that you are the author of the contribution and that you’re freely contributing it under the terms of the Apache-2.0 license.
When you contribute to the Qiskit project with a new pull request, a bot will evaluate whether you have signed the CLA. If required, the bot will comment on the pull request, including a link to accept the agreement. The individual CLA document is available for review as a PDF.
Nota
If your contribution is part of your employment or your contribution is the property of your employer, then you will more than likely need to sign a corporate CLA too and email it to us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Contributing to Documentation¶
Qiskit documentation is shaped by the docs as code philosophy, primarily drawn from Qiskit code comments in the style of API documentation.
The documentation is built from the master branch of Qiskit/qiskit/docs using Sphinx. The majority of documentation, under API Reference, is drawn from code comments in the repositories listed in Where Things Are.
Translating Documentation¶
Qiskit documentation is translated (localized) using Crowdin, a software and web localization platform that allows organizations to coordinate translation projects and collaborate with communities to translate materials. Crowdin allows our community of translators to amplify their impact by automatically reusing the work invested translating one sentence to translate other, similar sentences. Crowdin also makes translations resilient to many types of changes to the original material, such as moving sentences around, even across files.
To contribute to Qiskit localization, please follow these steps:
- Add your name (or ID) to the LOCALIZATION_CONTRIBUTORS file.
- Create a pull request (PR) to merge your change.
- You will be asked to sign the Qiskit Contributors License Agreement (CLA); please do so.
- In the Qiskit-Docs Crowdin project, choose the language that you want to contribute to. If you don’t see the language you’re looking for, create a new issue to request its addition.
- Click the Join button.
- In the dialog box where you are asked why you want to join the Crowdin project, paste the URL of your PR.
The administrators of the Crowdin project will review your request and give you access as quickly as they can.
Building from Source¶
You can build a local copy of the documentation from your local clone of the Qiskit/qiskit repository as follows:
Clone the Qiskit repository
git clone https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit.git
Cloning the repository creates a local folder called
qiskit
.cd qiskit
Build the documentation by navigating to your local clone of Qiskit/qiskit and running the following command in a terminal window:
tox -edocs
If you do not already have the tox command installed you can install by running:
pip install tox
As you make changes to your local RST files, you can update your HTML files by navigating to /doc/ and running the following in a terminal window:
tox -edocs
This will build a styled, HTML version of your local documentation repository in the subdirectory /docs/_build/html/.
Installing from Source¶
Installing the elements from source allows you to access the most recently updated version of Qiskit instead of using the version in the Python Package Index (PyPI) repository. This will give you the ability to inspect and extend the latest version of the Qiskit code more efficiently.
When installing the elements and components from source, by default their
development
version (which corresponds to the master
git branch) will
be used, as opposed to the stable
version (which contains the same codebase
as the published pip
packages). Since the development
versions of an
element or component usually includes new features and changes, in general they
require using the development
version of the rest of the items as well.
Nota
The Terra and Aer packages both require a compiler to build from source before you can install. Ignis, Aqua and the IBM Q provider backend do not require a compiler.
Installing elements from source requires the following order of installation to prevent getting versions of elements that may be lower than those desired if the pip version is behind the source versions:
- qiskit-terra
- qiskit-aer
- qiskit-ignis
- qiskit-aqua
- qiskit-ibmq-provider (if wanting to connect to the IBM Q devices or online simulator)
To work with several components and elements simultaneously, use the following steps for each element.
Nota
Due to the use of namespace packaging in Python, care must be taken in how you
install packages. If you’re planning to install any element from source do not
use the qiskit
meta-package. Also follow this guide and use a separate virtual
environment for development. If you do choose to mix an existing installation
with your development refer to:
https://github.com/pypa/sample-namespace-packages/blob/master/table.md
for the set of combinations for installation methods that work together.
Set up the virtual development environment¶
conda create -y -n QiskitDevenv python=3
conda activate QiskitDevenv
Installing Terra from Source¶
Installing from source requires that you have a c++ compiler on your system that supports c++-11.
If you use macOS, you can install the Clang compiler by installing XCode. Check if you have XCode and clang installed by opening a terminal window and entering the following.
clang --version
Install XCode and clang by using the following command.
xcode-select --install
Once the compilers are installed, you are ready to install Qiskit Terra.
Clone the Terra repository.
git clone https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-terra.git
Cloning the repository creates a local folder called
qiskit-terra
.cd qiskit-terra
Install the Python requirements libraries from your
qiskit-terra
directory.pip install cython
If you want to run tests or linting checks, install the developer requirements.
pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
Install
qiskit-terra
.pip install .
If you want to install it in editable mode, meaning that code changes to the project don’t require a reinstall to be applied you can do this with:
pip install -e .
You can then run the code examples working after installing terra. You can run the example with the following command.
python examples/python/using_qiskit_terra_level_0.py
Nota
If you do not intend to install any other components qiskit-terra will
emit a RuntimeWarning
warning that both qiskit-aer and
qiskit-ibmq-provider are not installed. This is done because the more
common case is to have users who intend to use the additional elements
but not realize their not installed, or have the installation fail. If
you wish to suppress these warnings this is easy to do by adding:
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', category=RuntimeWarning,
module='qiskit')
before any qiskit
imports in your code. That will suppress just the
warning about the missing qiskit-aer and qiskit-ibmq-provider, but still
display any other warnings from qiskit or other packages.
Installing Aer from Source¶
Clone the Aer repository.
git clone https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-aer
Install build requirements.
pip install cmake scikit-build cython
After this the steps to install Aer depend on which operating system you are using. Since Aer is a compiled C++ program with a python interface there are non-python dependencies for building the Aer binary which can’t be installed universally depending on operating system.
Install compiler requirements.
Building Aer requires a C++ compiler and development headers
If you’re using Fedora or an equivalent Linux distribution you can install this with:
dnf install @development-tools
Install OpenBLAS development headers.
If you’re using Fedora or an equivalent Linux distribution, you can install this with:
dnf install openblas-devel
Install dependencies.
To use the Clang compiler on macOS, you need to install an extra library for supporting OpenMP. You can use brew to install this and other dependencies.
brew install libomp
You then also have to install a BLAS implementation, OpenBLAS is the default choice.
brew install openblas
You also need to have
Xcode Command Line Tools
installed.xcode-select --install
On Windows you need to use Anaconda3 or Miniconda3 to install all the dependencies.
Install compiler requirements
conda install --update-deps vs2017_win-64 vs2017_win-32 msvc_runtime
Install binary and build dependencies
conda install --update-deps -c conda-forge -y openblas cmake
Build and install qiskit-aer directly
If you have pip <19.0.0 installed and your environment doesn’t require a custom build options you can just run:
cd qiskit-aer pip install .
This will both build the binaries and install Aer.
Alternatively if you have a newer pip installed, or have some custom requirement you can build a python wheel manually.
cd qiskit-aer python ./setup.py bdist_wheel
If you need to set a custom option during the wheel build you can refer to Custom options during wheel builds.
After you build the python wheel it will be stored in the
dist/
dir in the Aer repository. The exact version will dependcd dist pip install qiskit_aer-*.whl
The exact filename of the output wheel file depends on the current version of Aer under development.
Custom options during wheel builds¶
The Aer build system uses scikit-build to run the compilation when building it with the python interface. It acts as an interface for setuptools to call CMake and compile the binaries for your local system.
Due to the complexity of compiling the binaries you may need to pass options to a certain part of the build process. The way to pass variables is:
python setup.py bdist_wheel [skbuild_opts] [-- [cmake_opts] [-- build_tool_opts]]
where the elements within square brackets [] are optional, and
skbuild_opts
, cmake_opts
, build_tool_opts
are to be replaced by
flags of your choice. A list of CMake options is available here:
https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.6/manual/cmake.1.html#options. For
example, you could run something like:
python setup.py bdist_wheel -- -- -j8
This is passing the flag -j8 to the underlying build system (which in this case is Automake) telling it that you want to build in parallel using 8 processes.
For example, a common use case for these flags on linux is to specify a specific version of the C++ compiler to use (normally if the default is too old).
python setup.py bdist_wheel -- -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=g++-7
which will tell CMake to use the g++-7 command instead of the default g++ when compiling Aer
Another common use case for this, depending on your environment, is that you may need to specify your platform name and turn off static linking.
python setup.py bdist_wheel --plat-name macosx-10.9-x86_64 \
-- -DSTATIC_LINKING=False -- -j8
Here --plat-name
is a flag to setuptools, to specify the platform name to
use in the package metadata, -DSTATIC_LINKING
is a flag to CMake being used
to disable static linking, and -j8
is a flag to Automake being used to use
8 processes for compilation.
A list of common options depending on platform are:
| Platform | Tool | Option | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| All | Automake | -j | Followed by a number this set the number of process to use for compilation |
| Linux | CMake | -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER | Used to specify a specific C++ compiler, this is often needed if you default g++ is too. |
| OSX | setuptools | –plat-name | Used to specify the platform name in the output Python package. |
| OSX | CMake | -DSTATIC_LINKING | Used to specify whether static linking should be used or not |
Nota
Some of these options are not platform specific, if a platform is listed this is just outlining it’s commonly used in that environment. Refer to the tool documentation for more information.
Installing Ignis from Source¶
Clone the ignis repository.
git clone https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-ignis.git
Cloning the repository creates a local directory called
qiskit-ignis
.cd qiskit-ignis
If you want to run tests or linting checks, install the developer requirements. This is not required to install or use the qiskit-ignis package when installing from source.
pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
Install ignis
pip install .
If you want to install it in editable mode, meaning that code changes to the project don’t require a reinstall to be applied you can do this with:
pip install -e .
Installing Aqua from Source¶
Clone the Aqua repository.
git clone https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-aqua.git
Cloning the repository creates a local directory called
qiskit-aqua
.cd qiskit-aqua
If you want to run tests or linting checks, install the developer requirements. This is not required to install or use the qiskit-aqua package when installing from source.
pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
Install aqua
pip install .
If you want to install it in editable mode, meaning that code changes to the project don’t require a reinstall to be applied you can do this with:
pip install -e .
Installing IBMQ Provider from Source¶
Clone the qiskit-ibmq-provider repository.
git clone https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-ibmq-provider.git
Cloning the repository creates a local directory called
qiskit-ibmq-provider
.cd qiskit-ibmq-provider
If you want to run tests or linting checks, install the developer requirements. This is not required to install or use the qiskit-ibmq-provider package when installing from source.
pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
Install qiskit-ibmq-provider
pip install .
If you want to install it in editable mode, meaning that code changes to the project don’t require a reinstall to be applied you can do this with:
pip install -e .


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Configuring Rails Applications
This guide covers the configuration and initialization features available to Rails applications. By referring to this guide, you will be able to:
-
Adjust the behavior of your Rails applications
-
Add additional code to be run at application start time
| The first edition of this Guide was written from the Rails 2.3 source code. While the information it contains is broadly applicable to Rails 2.2, backwards compatibility is not guaranteed. |
1. Locations for Initialization Code
Rails offers (at least) five good spots to place initialization code:
-
Preinitializers
-
environment.rb
-
Environment-specific Configuration Files
-
Initializers (load_application_initializers)
-
After-Initializers
2. Using a Preinitializer
Rails allows you to use a preinitializer to run code before the framework itself is loaded. If you save code in RAILS_ROOT/config/preinitializer.rb, that code will be the first thing loaded, before any of the framework components (Active Record, Action Pack, and so on.) If you want to change the behavior of one of the classes that is used in the initialization process, you can do so in this file.
3. Configuring Rails Components
In general, the work of configuring Rails means configuring the components of Rails, as well as configuring Rails itself. The environment.rb and environment-specific configuration files (such as config/environments/production.rb) allow you to specify the various settings that you want to pass down to all of the components. For example, the default Rails 2.3 environment.rb file includes one setting:
config.time_zone = 'UTC'
This is a setting for Rails itself. If you want to pass settings to individual Rails components, you can do so via the same config object:
config.active_record.colorize_logging = false
Rails will use that particular setting to configure Active Record.
3.1. Configuring Active Record
ActiveRecord::Base includes a variety of configuration options:
logger accepts a logger conforming to the interface of Log4r or the default Ruby 1.8+ Logger class, which is then passed on to any new database connections made. You can retrieve this logger by calling logger on either an ActiveRecord model class or an ActiveRecord model instance. Set to nil to disable logging.
primary_key_prefix_type lets you adjust the naming for primary key columns. By default, Rails assumes that primary key columns are named id (and this configuration option doesn’t need to be set.) There are two other choices:
-
:table_name would make the primary key for the Customer class customerid
-
:table_name_with_underscore would make the primary key for the Customer class customer_id
table_name_prefix lets you set a global string to be prepended to table names. If you set this to northwest_, then the Customer class will look for northwest_customers as its table. The default is an empty string.
table_name_suffix lets you set a global string to be appended to table names. If you set this to _northwest, then the Customer class will look for customers_northwest as its table. The default is an empty string.
pluralize_table_names specifies whether Rails will look for singular or plural table names in the database. If set to true (the default), then the Customer class will use the customers table. If set to false, then the Customers class will use the customer table.
colorize_logging (true by default) specifies whether or not to use ANSI color codes when logging information from ActiveRecord.
default_timezone determines whether to use Time.local (if set to :local) or Time.utc (if set to :utc) when pulling dates and times from the database. The default is :local.
schema_format controls the format for dumping the database schema to a file. The options are :ruby (the default) for a database-independent version that depends on migrations, or :sql for a set of (potentially database-dependent) SQL statements.
timestamped_migrations controls whether migrations are numbered with serial integers or with timestamps. The default is true, to use timestamps, which are preferred if there are multiple developers working on the same application.
lock_optimistically controls whether ActiveRecord will use optimistic locking. By default this is true.
The MySQL adapter adds one additional configuration option:
ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::MysqlAdapter.emulate_booleans controls whether ActiveRecord will consider all tinyint(1) columns in a MySQL database to be booleans. By default this is true.
The schema dumper adds one additional configuration option:
ActiveRecord::SchemaDumper.ignore_tables accepts an array of tables that should not be included in any generated schema file. This setting is ignored unless ActiveRecord::Base.schema_format == :ruby.
3.2. Configuring Action Controller
ActionController::Base includes a number of configuration settings:
asset_host provides a string that is prepended to all of the URL-generating helpers in AssetHelper. This is designed to allow moving all javascript, CSS, and image files to a separate asset host.
consider_all_requests_local is generally set to true during development and false during production; if it is set to true, then any error will cause detailed debugging information to be dumped in the HTTP response. For finer-grained control, set this to false and implement local_request? to specify which requests should provide debugging information on errors.
allow_concurrency should be set to true to allow concurrent (threadsafe) action processing. Set to false by default.
param_parsers provides an array of handlers that can extract information from incoming HTTP requests and add it to the params hash. By default, parsers for multipart forms, URL-encoded forms, XML, and JSON are active.
default_charset specifies the default character set for all renders. The default is "utf-8".
logger accepts a logger conforming to the interface of Log4r or the default Ruby 1.8+ Logger class, which is then used to log information from Action Controller. Set to nil to disable logging.
resource_action_separator gives the token to be used between resources and actions when building or interpreting RESTful URLs. By default, this is "/".
resource_path_names is a hash of default names for several RESTful actions. By default, the new action is named new and the edit action is named edit.
request_forgery_protection_token sets the token parameter name for RequestForgery. Calling protect_from_forgery sets it to :authenticity_token by default.
optimise_named_routes turns on some optimizations in generating the routing table. It is set to true by default.
use_accept_header sets the rules for determining the response format. If this is set to true (the default) then respond_to and Request#format will take the Accept header into account. If it is set to false then the request format will be determined solely by examining params[:format]. If there is no format parameter, then the response format will be either HTML or Javascript depending on whether the request is an AJAX request.
allow_forgery_protection enables or disables CSRF protection. By default this is false in test mode and true in all other modes.
relative_url_root can be used to tell Rails that you are deploying to a subdirectory. The default is ENV[RAILS_RELATIVE_URL_ROOT].
The caching code adds two additional settings:
ActionController::Caching::Pages.page_cache_directory sets the directory where Rails will create cached pages for your web server. The default is Rails.public_path (which is usually set to RAILS_ROOT + "/public").
ActionController::Caching::Pages.page_cache_extension sets the extension to be used when generating pages for the cache (this is ignored if the incoming request already has an extension). The default is .html.
The dispatcher includes one setting:
ActionController::Dispatcher.error_file_path gives the path where Rails will look for error files such as 404.html. The default is Rails.public_path.
The Active Record session store can also be configured:
CGI::Session::ActiveRecordStore::Session.data_column_name sets the name of the column to use to store session data. By default it is data
3.3. Configuring Action View
There are only a few configuration options for Action View, starting with four on ActionView::Base:
debug_rjs specifies whether RJS responses should be wrapped in a try/catch block that alert()s the caught exception (and then re-raises it). The default is false.
warn_cache_misses tells Rails to display a warning whenever an action results in a cache miss on your view paths. The default is false.
default_form_builder tells Rails which form builder to use by default. The default is ActionView::Helpers::FormBuilder.
The ERB template handler supplies one additional option:
ActionView::TemplateHandlers::ERB.erb_trim_mode gives the trim mode to be used by ERB. It defaults to -. See the ERB documentation for more information.
3.4. Configuring Action Mailer
There are a number of settings available on ActionMailer::Base:
template_root gives the root folder for Action Mailer templates.
logger accepts a logger conforming to the interface of Log4r or the default Ruby 1.8+ Logger class, which is then used to log information from Action Mailer. Set to nil to disable logging.
smtp_settings allows detailed configuration for the :smtp delivery method. It accepts a hash of options, which can include any of these options:
-
:address - Allows you to use a remote mail server. Just change it from its default "localhost" setting.
-
:port - On the off chance that your mail server doesn’t run on port 25, you can change it.
-
:domain - If you need to specify a HELO domain, you can do it here.
-
:user_name - If your mail server requires authentication, set the username in this setting.
-
:password - If your mail server requires authentication, set the password in this setting.
-
:authentication - If your mail server requires authentication, you need to specify the authentication type here. This is a symbol and one of :plain, :login, :cram_md5.
sendmail_settings allows detailed configuration for the sendmail delivery method. It accepts a hash of options, which can include any of these options:
-
:location - The location of the sendmail executable. Defaults to /usr/sbin/sendmail.
-
:arguments - The command line arguments. Defaults to -i -t.
raise_delivery_errors specifies whether to raise an error if email delivery cannot be completed. It defaults to true.
delivery_method defines the delivery method. The allowed values are :smtp (default), :sendmail, and :test.
perform_deliveries specifies whether mail will actually be delivered. By default this is true; it can be convenient to set it to false for testing.
default_charset tells Action Mailer which character set to use for the body and for encoding the subject. It defaults to utf-8.
default_content_type specifies the default content type used for the main part of the message. It defaults to "text/plain"
default_mime_version is the default MIME version for the message. It defaults to 1.0.
default_implicit_parts_order - When a message is built implicitly (i.e. multiple parts are assembled from templates which specify the content type in their filenames) this variable controls how the parts are ordered. Defaults to ["text/html", "text/enriched", "text/plain"]. Items that appear first in the array have higher priority in the mail client and appear last in the mime encoded message.
3.5. Configuring Active Resource
There is a single configuration setting available on ActiveResource::Base:
logger accepts a logger conforming to the interface of Log4r or the default Ruby 1.8+ Logger class, which is then used to log information from Active Resource. Set to nil to disable logging.
3.6. Configuring Active Support
There are a few configuration options available in Active Support:
ActiveSupport::BufferedLogger.silencer is set to false to disable the ability to silence logging in a block. The default is true.
ActiveSupport::Cache::Store.logger specifies the logger to use within cache store operations.
ActiveSupport::Logger.silencer is set to false to disable the ability to silence logging in a block. The default is true.
3.7. Configuring Active Model
Active Model currently has a single configuration setting:
ActiveModel::Errors.default_error_messages is an array containing all of the validation error messages.
4. Using Initializers
After it loads the framework plus any gems and plugins in your application, Rails turns to loading initializers. An initializer is any file of ruby code stored under /config/initializers in your application. You can use initializers to hold configuration settings that should be made after all of the frameworks and plugins are loaded.
| You can use subfolders to organize your initializers if you like, because Rails will look into the whole file hierarchy from the initializers folder on down. |
| If you have any ordering dependency in your initializers, you can control the load order by naming. For example, 01_critical.rb will be loaded before 02_normal.rb. |
5. Using an After-Initializer
After-initializers are run (as you might guess) after any initializers are loaded. You can supply an after_initialize block (or an array of such blocks) by setting up config.after_initialize in any of the Rails configuration files:
config.after_initialize do SomeClass.init end
| Some parts of your application, notably observers and routing, are not yet set up at the point where the after_initialize block is called. |
6. Rails Environment Settings
Some parts of Rails can also be configured externally by supplying environment variables. The following environment variables are recognized by various parts of Rails:
ENV[RAILS_ENV] defines the Rails environment (production, development, test, and so on) that Rails will run under.
ENV[RAILS_RELATIVE_URL_ROOT] is used by the routing code to recognize URLs when you deploy your application to a subdirectory.
ENV["RAILS_ASSET_ID"] will override the default cache-busting timestamps that Rails generates for downloadable assets.
ENV["RAILS_CACHE_ID"] and ENV["RAILS_APP_VERSION"] are used to generate expanded cache keys in Rails' caching code. This allows you to have multiple separate caches from the same application.
ENV[RAILS_GEM_VERSION] defines the version of the Rails gems to use, if RAILS_GEM_VERSION is not defined in your environment.rb file.
7. Changelog
-
January 3, 2009: First reasonably complete draft by Mike Gunderloy
-
November 5, 2008: Rough outline by Mike Gunderloy


Class Image_Graph_Axis_Radar
Displays an 'X'-axis in a radar plot chart.
This axis maps the number of elements in the dataset to a angle (from 0- 360 degrees). Displaying the axis consist of drawing a number of lines from center to the edge of the 'circle' than encloses the radar plot. The labels are drawn on the 'ends' of these radial lines.
- Image_Graph_Common
- Image_Graph_Element
- Image_Graph_Plotarea_Element
- Image_Graph_Axis
- Image_Graph_Axis_Category
- Image_Graph_Axis_Radar
Package: Image\Graph\Axis
Category: Images
Copyright: Copyright (C) 2003, 2004 Jesper Veggerby Hansen
License: LGPL License 2.1
Author: Jesper Veggerby<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Version: Release: @package_version@
Link: http://pear.php.net/package/Image_Graph
Located at app/vendors/Image/Graph/Axis/Radar.php
Category: Images
Copyright: Copyright (C) 2003, 2004 Jesper Veggerby Hansen
License: LGPL License 2.1
Author: Jesper Veggerby<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Version: Release: @package_version@
Link: http://pear.php.net/package/Image_Graph
Located at app/vendors/Image/Graph/Axis/Radar.php
public
float
|
|
public
float
|
|
public
float
|
|
public
float
|
|
public
integer
|
|
public
|
#
setDistanceFromEnd( integer $distance = 5 )
Sets the distance from the end of the category lines to the label. |
public
|
|
public
|
_pointX(),
_pointXY(),
_pointY()
|
Image_Graph_Common(),
_error(),
_getCanvas(),
_setParent(),
add(),
addNew(),
hide()
|
public
integer
|
$_distanceFromEnd | 5 |
#
Specifies the number of pixels, the labels is offsetted from the end of the axis |
$_labels
|
$_axisPadding,
$_axisSpan,
$_axisValueSpan,
$_dataPreProcessor,
$_delta,
$_fixedSize,
$_intersect,
$_invert,
$_labelOptions,
$_labelText,
$_marks,
$_maximum,
$_maximumSet,
$_minimum,
$_minimumSet,
$_pushValues,
$_showArrow,
$_showLabelMaximum,
$_showLabelMinimum,
$_showLabelZero,
$_title,
$_titleFont,
$_transpose,
$_type
|
$_background,
$_borderStyle,
$_bottom,
$_defaultFontOptions,
$_fillStyle,
$_font,
$_fontOptions,
$_left,
$_lineStyle,
$_padding,
$_right,
$_shadow,
$_top
|
$_canvas,
$_elements,
$_parent,
$_visible
|


A website for marvel lovers! Listing basic information such as demographic information, powers, groups, creators, etc. for marvel characters.
Fall 2015
DATABASE MANAGEMENT
Mengpin DaiYang ZhangXiangkun DaiXinqi You
PHP,MySQLHTML5/CSS3Bootstrap


Through trying to shift over to Python 3, and practicing generally, I’ve learned/remembered a few cool Python things in the last few weeks. Here they are:
String slicing
This can be really useful and powerful:
Edit: You can slice lists too ( and possibly other things I’m sure). This means you can do cool things like this:
Print statement arguments
You can do this to control the separator characters when using print():
*args
Use *args to pass an unspecified number of arguments to a function, like:
Starred expressions
This has kind of blown my mind. Instead of this:
You can do this:
Joining lists
To create strings from list items you can do this:
String formatting
Instead of this:
you can (should) do this:
String formatting is very very powerful — you can do fancy stuff like:
List comprehension
You can do this to generate lists of output from a loop (I need to read up on this some more yet):


Querying data from all available types of data sources
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AnyIDataProvider | Common routines to query data from any data provider |
| AnyIDataProvider.DataException | Data execution exceptions with details on the executed IDbCommand |
| Enumeration | Description |
|---|---|
| AnyIDataProvider.Automations | Automations for the connection in charge |


Preparation time
over 2 hours
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Makes 1 23cm/9in tart
Dietary
Spoil yourself with a tart made from brioche and rich pastry cream. Elegant and indulgent.
NB: For this recipe you will need a food processor with a dough hook attachment.
For the brioche dough, place the flour, salt, sugar and yeast (keeping the yeast away from the salt as it will attack it and damage its ability to ferment), in an electric mixer bowl. Add the eggs and mix with a dough hook attachment for 5 minutes on low power until the eggs are completely incorporated (alternatively, place the ingredients in a large mixing bowl and stir together for 5 minutes).
Increase the speed of the machine or your stirring and mix for another 5 minutes until the dough comes away from the edge of the bowl. Then add the cubes of butter and continue to mix for 2-3 minutes until completely incorporated.
Remove the bowl from the machine, if using, then cover with clingfilm and set aside at room temperature for 1 hour to prove, then chill the dough for a further hour (it will be easier to work with).
Preheat the oven to 190C/170C (Fan)/Gas 5.
Lightly flour a work surface and your hands. Bring the dough together with the palms of your hands to form a ball, then place it on a baking tray and flatten it slightly. Starting from the middle of the dough, gently press the dough flat and spread it out to form a circle to approx 23cm/9in in diameter, but leave a 2cm/1in gap from the edge as this will create the rim of the tart. Be careful not to stretch the dough and try to keep the base even in thickness.
Cover with a clean tea towel and place the dough in the warm area for 25 minutes.
For the crème filling, mix the egg yolks, sugar, lemon zest and juice together in a large mixing bowl and gradually mix in the crème fraîche. Set aside.
For the glaze, brush the rim of the gateau with the egg yolk and prick the base of the dough evenly with a fork to help the even cooking and rising of the dough. Pour the crème mixture over the dough, sprinkle with the caster sugar and dot with the butter, Sprinkle with the nibbed sugar and bake in the preheated oven for 25 minutes, or until the brioche has risen and the filling is set. Remove from the oven and set aside to cool, then serve.


[gecode-users] Extending Integer Variable
Christian Schulte
cschulte at kth.se
Tue Apr 8 00:31:23 CEST 2008
Well, nothing is easy ;-)
As it comes to double one should keep in mind that most CPUs have parallel
functional units for floats: so, that just runs in parallel to the integer
and address arithmetic. I once did a little profiling to see what effect it
has for double and it was considerably less than what I had expected. The
big problem with doubles start if you store them in memory, bandwidth and
alignment are the typical problems. But for intermediate results that should
be okay. But I agree, 64 bit should also be fine. The reason why we didn't
go for that is that I looked at the assembly code that was generated by gcc
at that time (maybe three years ago)... It just made me cry. As soon as long
long becomes C++ standard (maybe relying on the de-facto C++0x standard -
most likely C++09 - would already be good enough) we will go for 64 bits.
The main motivation for us is that we use double only for integers which
limits precision to 48 bits.
128 bits can be tinkered okay. Either rely on compiler extensions and if
they are not available hack it yourself.
Yes, however small the set of propagators might be, we will be interested. I
would believe that much of the IntVar stuff can serve as a good starting
point for you. If one gets really serious about float intervals, it becomes
tricky: it requires symbolic representation of the arithmetic expressions as
well as variable centered propagation. Quite different.
Watch out: for some x64 it is still that long is 32 bits (Windows). On
others it is 64 (MacOS, Linux?). Only long long is 64 at least.
Cheers
Christian
--
Christian Schulte, www.ict.kth.se/~cschulte/
-----Original Message-----
From: Filip Konvička [mailto:filip.konvicka at logis.cz]
Sent: Tuesday, April 08, 2008 12:11 AM
To: cschulte at kth.se
Cc: users at gecode.org
Subject: Re: [gecode-users] Extending Integer Variable
> Yes, you are right. Also IntVars with unlimited precision using gmp... All
> doable, the only thing is that we sort out which occurrence of "int"
refers
> to variables and which refer to other occurrences.
>
Sure, but IMHO that is the easy part. Keeping the templates reasonably
understandable and yet still working together is more of a challenge in
my experience... :-)
> The problem with 64 bit integers, though is that we have to have a
datatype
> that is bigger than the data type of variables. Now we use double for that
> purpose. With 64 bit integers we might resort to 128 bit integers...
>
I can almost recall seeing "double" being used for arithmetics in
integer constraint filters - are you referring to that? It was a bit
surprising to see that - I'd expect to see long long used instead (but,
in terms of portability, double is perhaps a safer choice). I did not
make any measurements, but I'd expect long long to be much faster. In
fact, I'm using long long for int-based fixed-point arithmetics. For
long long-based fixed-point arithmetics (I need both these), I'm doing
"in-place" multiplication, still using long long for products, but done
"per partes" (it's a bit tricky with fixed-point arithmetics, but much
easier with integers).
Anyway, is there a 128-bit integer available somewhere? I think that on
x64, the only C type that changes size is "long int" - from 32 to 64
bits. "int" stays 32bit, and "long long" stays 64bit.
> If you implement FloatVars, please keep us posted. If you want to
contribute
> to Gecode we would be more than happy to help!
>
I'm happy to hear that. I do not have a precise plan yet, but I do need
such variables. (I'm using IntVars now, but the model has some
limitations because of that.) I first need to make some experiments with
Boost.Intervals, because I think I'll need some rounding-error
propagation - so it would be nice to reuse some existing work....and I
already use Boost, so that would be the ideal choice. My intention is to
do some simple implementation of FloatVars and some very basic
propagators for addition, multiplication and relations (I need to be
able to model basic arithmetic constraints).
Cheers,
Filip
> All the best
> Christian
>
> --
> Christian Schulte, www.ict.kth.se/~cschulte/
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: users-bounces at gecode.org [mailto:users-bounces at gecode.org] On Behalf
> Of Filip Konvicka
> Sent: Monday, April 07, 2008 8:22 AM
> To: users at gecode.org
> Subject: Re: [gecode-users] Extending Integer Variable
>
>
>> let me first elaborate a little bit how Gecode's variables and
propagators
>> are structured before I actually attempt to give an answer.
>>
> ...
>
>> What do you want to do? Do you think it me be generally useful to be
>> included in Gecode anyway?
>>
>
> Hi,
>
> I am currently thinking of implementing floating-point-based variables
> (maybe based on Boost.Interval), so thanks for the summary :-)
>
> Anyway, before I decided that I need floating-point numbers, I was
> thinking why you can't have "long long"-based variables when you already
> have IntVars. On 64bit platforms, long long might be an interesting
> choice IMO. But I realize that if that should be a part of Gecode, it
> would probably mean adding template parameters to many classes/functions
> and maybe it would make things less understandable. But then, if it's
> only restricted to integral types, who knows.... the point is that
> there's a lot of work done for the IntVars, so it'd be great to reuse it.
>
> Regards,
> Filip
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Gecode users mailing list
> users at gecode.org
> https://www.gecode.org/mailman/listinfo/gecode-users
>
>
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


Creates an appropriate JUnit assertion call from a boolean expression located in a JUnit test method.


Project Owner, Web Designer
Builder
Texturer, Modeler
Writer
Modeler
Programmer
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Texturer
Unknown
Project Owner, Programmer
Project Owner, Texturer
Developer
Designer
Graphics Developer
Web Developer.
Lead developer and programmer
Structure Builder
Head Developer


Describes a wire.
More...
#include <xdlrc/model/Wire.hpp>
List of all members.
Public Member Functions |
| | Wire () |
| | Constructs a new Wire instance.
|
| std::string & | name () |
| | Gets wire name.
|
| const std::string & | name () const |
| | Gets wire name read only.
|
| WireConnections & | connections () |
| | Gets connections to other wires.
|
| const WireConnections & | connections () const |
| | Gets connections to other wires read only.
|
| void | clear () |
| | Resets all properties to default values.
|
Friends |
| void | writeBinary (const Wire &data, std::ostream &outputStream) |
| | Writes data from a Wire into a binary stream.
|
| void | readBinary (Wire &data, std::istream &inputStream) |
| | Reads data into a Wire from a binary stream.
|
Detailed Description
Describes a wire.
A wire is located on a tile. It has got a name, and a list of connections (to other wires on the same or on other tiles).
Definition at line 23 of file Wire.hpp.
Constructor & Destructor Documentation
Constructs a new Wire instance.
Definition at line 11 of file Wire.cpp.
Member Function Documentation
| std::string & Wire::name |
( |
| ) |
|
Gets wire name.
- Returns:
- The name.
Definition at line 19 of file Wire.cpp.
| const std::string & Wire::name |
( |
| ) |
const |
Gets wire name read only.
- Returns:
- The name.
Definition at line 25 of file Wire.cpp.
Gets connections to other wires.
- Returns:
- The connections.
Definition at line 31 of file Wire.cpp.
Gets connections to other wires read only.
- Returns:
- The connections.
Definition at line 37 of file Wire.cpp.
Resets all properties to default values.
Definition at line 43 of file Wire.cpp.
Friends And Related Function Documentation
| void writeBinary |
( |
const Wire & |
data, |
|
|
std::ostream & |
outputStream |
|
) |
| |
|
friend |
Writes data from a Wire into a binary stream.
- Parameters:
-
| data | The Wire to write. |
| outputStream | The stream to write into. |
- Exceptions:
-
| void readBinary |
( |
Wire & |
data, |
|
|
std::istream & |
inputStream |
|
) |
| |
|
friend |
Reads data into a Wire from a binary stream.
- Parameters:
-
| data | The Wire to read into. |
| inputStream | The stream to read from. |
- Exceptions:
-
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:


6ix9ine’s Girlfriend Jade Calls Out Everyone Dissing Tekashi: “Everybody Knows This Whole 2019 Been Dead Without You”
by Biz JonesVixen Jade has nothing but love for her boo. The hip-hop model has lit up social media to speak on how much she misses her jailed rap star boyfriend Tekashi 6ix9ine.
Jade went to Instagram Monday and spoke big words on 6ix9ine’s commercial success.
Next month, 6ix9ine will finally learn his fate in a publicized federal drug case.
6ix9ine will be sentenced this year after pleading guilty in February to multiple federal crimes including racketeering, Complex reports. Judge Paul Engelmayer reportedly agreed to move the rapper’s sentencing date up to December 18, 2019 at 10 a.m. EST after a request was filed by 6ix9ine’s legal team. (The FADER)
Last month, rap heavyweight Game reacted to rumors about Tek landing a $10 million record deal after working with federal prosecutors in a drug racketeering case.
The same week, footage surfaced of West Coast rapper Blueface saying 6ix9ine isn’t welcomed in Los Angeles.


Kick Off With Us
Are you looking for the best possible indoor astroturf pitches in Bradford? Then you may have found them at Speedball. We offer the very latest technology in artificial turf, providing you and your teammates with the closest thing to real grass all year round. Come rain or shine, even ice and snow, our pitches will always be in top order and ready to play on.


| 1 | /* | |
| 2 | * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more | |
| 3 | * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with | |
| 4 | * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. | |
| 5 | * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 | |
| 6 | * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with | |
| 7 | * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at | |
| 8 | * | |
| 9 | * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 | |
| 10 | * | |
| 11 | * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software | |
| 12 | * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, | |
| 13 | * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. | |
| 14 | * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and | |
| 15 | * limitations under the License. | |
| 16 | */ | |
| 17 | package org.apache.commons.io.filefilter; | |
| 18 | ||
| 19 | import java.io.File; | |
| 20 | import java.io.Serializable; | |
| 21 | ||
| 22 | /** | |
| 23 | * This filter accepts Files that are hidden. | |
| 24 | *
 | |
| 25 | * Example, showing how to print out a list of the | |
| 26 | * current directory's hidden files: | |
| 27 | * | |
| 28 | *
 | |
| 29 | * File dir = new File("."); | |
| 30 | * String[] files = dir.list( HiddenFileFilter.HIDDEN ); | |
| 31 | * for ( int i = 0; i < files.length; i++ ) { | |
| 32 | * System.out.println(files[i]); | |
| 33 | * } | |
| 34 | *
 | |
| 35 | * | |
| 36 | *
 | |
| 37 | * Example, showing how to print out a list of the | |
| 38 | * current directory's visible (i.e. not hidden) files: | |
| 39 | * | |
| 40 | *
 | |
| 41 | * File dir = new File("."); | |
| 42 | * String[] files = dir.list( HiddenFileFilter.VISIBLE ); | |
| 43 | * for ( int i = 0; i < files.length; i++ ) { | |
| 44 | * System.out.println(files[i]); | |
| 45 | * } | |
| 46 | *
 | |
| 47 | * | |
| 48 | * @since 1.3 | |
| 49 | * @version $Id$ | |
| 50 | */ | |
| 51 | public class HiddenFileFilter extends AbstractFileFilter implements Serializable { | |
| 52 | ||
| 53 | private static final long serialVersionUID =<PHONE_NUMBER>112759062L; | |
| 54 | ||
| 55 | /** Singleton instance of hidden filter */ | |
| 56 | public static final IOFileFilter HIDDEN = new HiddenFileFilter(); | |
| 57 | ||
| 58 | /** Singleton instance of visible filter */ | |
| 59 | public static final IOFileFilter VISIBLE = new NotFileFilter(HIDDEN); | |
| 60 | ||
| 61 | /** | |
| 62 | * Restrictive constructor. | |
| 63 | */ | |
| 64 | protected HiddenFileFilter() { | |
| 65 | } | |
| 66 | ||
| 67 | /** | |
| 68 | * Checks to see if the file is hidden. | |
| 69 | * | |
| 70 | * @param file the File to check | |
| 71 | * @return {@code true} if the file is | |
| 72 | * hidden, otherwise {@code false}. | |
| 73 | */ | |
| 74 | @Override | |
| 75 | public boolean accept(final File file) { | |
| 76 |
1
1. accept : replaced return of integer sized value with (x == 0 ? 1 : 0) → KILLED |
return file.isHidden(); |
| 77 | } | |
| 78 | ||
| 79 | } | |
Mutations | ||
| 76 |
1.1 |


Fork it and add features for me, I'm lazy. It's just Nodejs and knockout.
And yes, I know the code is buggy, has no tests, and needs to be refactored.
| Player | Wins | Losses |
|---|---|---|
| Winner | Loser | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Has defeated: |
|---|
| Has lost to: |
|---|


{{ theme:js slug="sample_js_file" }} {{ theme:css slug="sample_css_file" }}
{{ page:pages }}
{{ page_title }}
{{ /page:pages }}


Lippi quits as China coach after Syria defeat
Marcello Lippi has resigned as head coach of the China national team after seeing his side slip to a 2-1 loss to Syria in qualifying for the 2022 World Cup in Dubai on Thursday.
HONG KONG: Marcello Lippi has resigned as head coach of the China national team after seeing his side slip to a 2-1 loss to Syria in qualifying for the 2022 World Cup in Dubai on Thursday.
The Italian quit during his news conference after an own goal from defender Zhang Linpeng left China five points adrift of the table-topping Syrians at the halfway point of the qualification group stage.
"My pay is very high, and I take all the blame," Lippi was quoted as saying by the Chinese media.
"I am quitting as China coach."
Only the winners from each of the eight qualification groups for the finals in Qatar will advance to the next round, with the four runners-up with the best records also progressing.
China, who are attempting to qualify for the World Cup for the first time since 2002, are currently in second place in Group A with seven points alongside the Philippines, with Syria holding a maximum 12 points from their first four games.
This is the second time this year that Lippi, who led Italy to a World Cup triumph in 2006, has left the role as China's head coach.
The 71-year-old, who also won five Serie A titles and a Champions League across two spells in charge of Juventus, reversed his decision to stand down from the role in January having refused to sign a new contract following the team's quarter-final exit at the Asian Cup.
His return came in March after compatriot Fabio Cannavaro helmed the country during the China Cup friendly tournament on an interim basis and was followed by a series of attempts to bolster the national squad.
England-born midfielder Nico Yennaris became the first overseas-born player to be selected by China. Soon after Elkeson, a Brazilian striker who has set scoring records in the Chinese Super League, was the first player without Chinese ancestry to gain citizenship and play for China.
Those additions, though, have not been enough to improve the squad and Lippi has been under pressure since his team was held to a 0-0 draw last month by the Philippines.
(Reporting by Michael Church, Editing by Christian Radnedge)


Hyundai, Kia Sold Over 29,000 SUVs In Oct 2019 – Seltos, Venue, Creta
by Surendhar MThe combined SUV sales numbers of Hyundai and Kia were nothing short of impressive as Seltos, Creta and Venue played big hands
Hyundai Motor Group introduced the Kia brand in the Indian market back in August 2019 with the launch of the Seltos. It created quite a buzz that we had not seen in a long time by an SUV as the mid-size space continued to flourish in the last three months with the Seltos
The Seltos got the better of the segment topper, Hyundai Creta, in a short period of time as the dominance for more than four years was put to an end. Last month, the Seltos went one better by becoming the most sold SUV in the country and posted nearly twice as much sales as the Creta.
For Hyundai Motor Group as a whole though it was all good as the combined SUV volumes skyrocketed to more than 29,000 units in October 2019. The Creta is receiving a new generation early next year and it will bring it back into firm contention against the Seltos.
| Hyundai And Kia SUVs | Sales In October 2019 |
| Kia Seltos | 12,854 |
| Hyundai Venue | 8,576 |
| Hyundai Creta | 7,269 |
| Hyundai Tucson | 83 |
| Hyundai Kona | 50 |
The second-gen Creta is based on the same platform as the Seltos and derives design from the latest ix25 sold in China. With a modern exterior and thoroughly overhauled interior with the addition of new premium features, the 2020 Creta will give the Seltos a run for its money.
Hyundai has largely been benefitted by the recent launches despite the sales slump as Grand i10 Nios and Venue have worked wonders for the South Korean company. The Venue, in particular, takes on Maruti Suzuki Vitara Brezza, Tata Nexon, Ford EcoSport and Mahindra XUV300 in the hotly contested compact SUV segment.
It did outsell the Vitara Brezza for a few months, a feat never repeated by any other sub-four-metre SUVs, and register 7,269 units last month as their rivalry is getting intensified for the better. The premium Tucson and Kona Electric contributed to the impressive cumulative tally with 83 and 50 units respectively.


The best places to go on holiday are the tropical destinations that we offer in our tour packages. Below are a list of some of the best:
To start planning your trip, read all the listed travel destinations for more on what to see and do.


|
Flint
0.02
|
#include <cluster.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| Buffer (MessageKind type, qid_t id, size_t len=0) | |
| void * | operator new (size_t hdrSize, size_t bufSize) |
| void | operator delete (void *ptr, size_t size) |
| void | operator delete (void *ptr) |
| void | release () |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static Buffer * | create (qid_t qid, size_t size, MessageKind type=MSG_DATA) |
| static Buffer * | eof (qid_t qid) |
| static Buffer * | barrier (qid_t qid) |
| static Buffer * | ping (qid_t qid) |
Public Attributes | |
| uint32_t | compressedSize |
| uint32_t | size |
| uint16_t | node |
| uint16_t | qid |
| uint16_t | kind |
| uint16_t | refCount |
| char | data [1] |
Buffer is the main unit of echanging data between node in Flint. Although RDD is processning and traversing individual records, when data needs to be sent through network, records are packed into buffer and buffer is delivier to the destination node.
| Buffer::Buffer | ( | MessageKind | type, |
| qid_t | id, | ||
| size_t | len = 0 |
||
| ) | [inline] |
| static Buffer* Buffer::barrier | ( | qid_t | qid | ) | [inline, static] |
Create buffer with barries message
| qid | queue ID (needed to locate recipient queue at target node) |
References create().
| static Buffer* Buffer::create | ( | qid_t | qid, |
| size_t | size, | ||
| MessageKind | type = MSG_DATA |
||
| ) | [inline, static] |
| static Buffer* Buffer::eof | ( | qid_t | qid | ) | [inline, static] |
Create buffer with EOF (End-Of-File) message
| qid | queue ID (needed to locate recipient queue at target node) |
References create().
| static Buffer* Buffer::ping | ( | qid_t | qid | ) | [inline, static] |
Create buffer with ping message. Ping messages are used to synchronize data consumers and produces and so avoid queueus overflow
| qid | queue ID (needed to locate recipient queue at target node) |
References create().
| void Buffer::release | ( | ) | [inline] |
Release buffer. Flint associates reference counter with each buffer to impkement shared pointers to the buffers. This method allows to delete buffer when it is not needed to anybody (there are no more references to the buffer).
Referenced by GatherRDD< T >::next().


BTRFS-IMAGE
Section: Maintenance Commands (8)Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
btrfs-image - create/restore an image of the filesystemSYNOPSIS
btrfs-image [options] source targetDESCRIPTION
btrfs-image is used to create an image of a btrfs filesystem. All data will be zeroed, but metadata and the like is preserved. source is the special file corresponding to the device containing a btrfs filesystem. (e.g /dev/sdXX). target is the image file that btrfs-image creates. When used with -r option, btrfs-image restores the image file from source into target.OPTIONS
- -r
- restore metadump image.
- -c value
- compression level (0 ~ 9).
- -t value
- number of threads (1 ~ 32) to be used to process the image dump or restore.
AVAILABILITY
btrfs-image is part of btrfs-progs. Btrfs is currently under heavy development, and not suitable for any uses other than benchmarking and review. Please refer to the btrfs wiki http://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org for further details.SEE ALSO
btrfsck(8),btrfsctl(8),mkfs.btrfs(8)
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:34:24 GMT, December 24, 2015


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NuStar Energy (NS) Presents At RBC Capital Markets Midstream Conference - Slideshow
by SA Transcripts, https://seekingalpha.com/author/sa-transcriptsThe following slide deck was published by NuStar Energy L.P. in conjunction with this event.
The following slide deck was published by NuStar Energy L.P. in conjunction with this event.


Scarborough: GOP Hearing Defenses 'Laughable', Republicans 'Chasing Their Tails' | Breitbart
by Trent BakerThursday, MSNBC “Morning Joe” host Joe Scarborough reacted to the first day of impeachment hearings, calling the GOP’s defenses “laughable.”
According to Scarborough, testimony and “shocking revelations” from the day before blew “holes” in both the Republicans’ and White House’s defenses.
“We had some new revelations, some pretty shocking revelations, and also, though, mainly a lot of steady testimony that continues to blow holes in the Republicans and the White House’s defense,” Scarborough outlined. “So, we’ll get to that in a little bit. It is something, though, how Republicans are chasing their tails and coming up with laughable defenses that will, once again, be proven false in the coming days.”
He later added that Republicans shifted the narrative on hearsay when it was in their favor.

Follow Trent Baker on Twitter @MagnifiTrent


torchlayers¶
torchlayers is a PyTorch based library providing automatic shape and dimensionality inference of `torch.nn` layers and additional building blocks featured in current SOTA architectures (e.g. Efficient-Net).
Above requires no user intervention (except single call to torchlayers.build
)
similarly to the one seen in Keras.
Main functionalities:
Shape inference for most of
torch.nn
module (convolutional, recurrent, transformer, attention and linear layers)Dimensionality inference (e.g.
torchlayers.Conv
working astorch.nn.Conv1d/2d/3d
based oninput shape
)Shape inference of custom modules (see GitHub README)
Additional Keras-like layers (e.g.
torchlayers.Reshape
ortorchlayers.StandardNormalNoise
)Additional SOTA layers mostly from ImageNet competitions (e.g. PolyNet, Squeeze-And-Excitation, StochasticDepth)
Useful defaults (
"same"
padding and defaultkernel_size=3
forConv
, dropout rates etc.)Zero overhead and torchscript support
Modules¶
If you import classes from modules listed belows using torchlayers
you will get
shape inferrable version, e.g. torchlayers.Conv
instead of torchlayers.convolution.Conv
.
If you wish to use those without shape inferrence capabilities use fully qualified module name,
e.g. torchlayers.convolution.SqueezeExcitation
.
Installation¶
Following installation methods are available:
pip:¶
To install latest release:
pip install --user torchlayers
To install nightly
version:
pip install --user torchlayers-nightly
Docker:¶
Various torchlayers
images are available both CPU and GPU-enabled.
You can find them at Docker Cloud at szymonmaszke/torchlayers
CPU¶
CPU image is based on ubuntu:18.04 and official release can be pulled with:
docker pull szymonmaszke/torchlayers:18.04
For nightly
release:
docker pull szymonmaszke/torchlayers:nightly_18.04
This image is significantly lighter due to lack of GPU support.
GPU¶
All images are based on nvidia/cuda Docker image.
Each has corresponding CUDA version tag ( 10.1
, 10
and 9.2
) CUDNN7 support
and base image ( ubuntu:18.04 ).
Following images are available:
10.1-cudnn7-runtime-ubuntu18.04
10.1-runtime-ubuntu18.04
10.0-cudnn7-runtime-ubuntu18.04
10.0-runtime-ubuntu18.04
9.2-cudnn7-runtime-ubuntu18.04
9.2-runtime-ubuntu18.04
Example pull:
docker pull szymonmaszke/torchlayers:10.1-cudnn7-runtime-ubuntu18.04
You can use nightly
builds as well, just prefix the tag with nightly_
, for example
like this:
docker pull szymonmaszke/torchlayers:nightly_10.1-cudnn7-runtime-ubuntu18.04


Mexico makes arrests in massacre of American women, children: minister
MEXICO CITY (Reuters) - Mexico has made an unspecified number of arrests over last week’s massacre of three women and six children of dual U.S-Mexican nationality in the north of the country, Security Minister Alfonso Durazo said on Monday.
“There have been arrests, but it’s not up to us to give information,” Durazo told reporters in Mexico City.
The women and children from families of U.S. Mormon origin who settled in Mexico decades ago were killed last Monday on a remote dirt road in the state of Sonora by suspected drug cartel gunmen, sparking outrage and condemnation in the United States.
Durazo said that prosecutors in Sonora, as well as at the federal level, were in charge of the investigation.
However, a spokeswoman for the state government of Sonora said: “We don’t have that information.”
Mexico’s government has said it believes the victims were caught in the midst of a territorial dispute between an arm of the powerful Sinaloa Cartel and the rival Juarez Cartel.
On Sunday, Mexico’s government said it had asked the FBI to participate in the investigation into the killings.


Ocean [au55], ocean, in The Inner Sea
Last updated Turn #97
Ocean [au55], ocean, in The Inner Sea
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6: Pleasure Sloop [v5n], ship, 30 hulls, 1 rowing port, 90 sails, arrived
6: from Buffalo Plains [au56], owner:
6: Dorothy [v1b], Pen, with 94 sailors
7: Pleasure Sloop [v5n], ship, 30 hulls, 1 rowing port, 90 sails,
7: departed for Ocean [au54].
Routes leaving Ocean:
North, to Ocean [at55], 6 days
East, plain, to Buffalo Plains [au56], Imperia, 2 days
South, plain, to Buffalo Plains [av55], Imperia, 2 days
West, to Ocean [au54], 6 days


Namespace Unity.ResolverPolicy
Classes
FixedTypeResolverPolicy
An implementation of IDependencyResolverPolicy that calls back into the build chain to build up the dependency, passing a type given at compile time as its build key.
LiteralValueDependencyResolverPolicy
A IDependencyResolverPolicy implementation that returns the value set in the constructor.
NamedTypeDependencyResolverPolicy
An implementation of IDependencyResolverPolicy that stores a type and name, and at resolution time puts them together into a NamedTypeBuildKey.
OptionalDependencyResolverPolicy
A IDependencyResolverPolicy that will attempt to resolve a value, and return null if it cannot rather than throwing.
ResolvedArrayWithElementsResolverPolicy
An implementation of IDependencyResolverPolicy that resolves to to an array populated with the values that result from resolving other instances of IDependencyResolverPolicy.


@Acura there is another resitance level at 31/32k sats from previous support level before your 46 target
and also the 200 daily MA
blubbi24-Oct-18 01:59 PM
y
Acura24-Oct-18 02:06 PM
@bpkdasbaum These are Charts from Tradingview, not my personally Charts.
Hollowman900024-Oct-18 02:07 PM
@SHossain
SHossain24-Oct-18 02:08 PM
yes?
Lumbi24-Oct-18 02:17 PM
when retrace to $0.77 ?
Mark8124-Oct-18 02:19 PM
Its moving!
CryptoNinjaa24-Oct-18 02:20 PM
2nd push at daily high
and weekly pretty much
bpkdasbaum24-Oct-18 02:26 PM
https://www.tradingview.com/x/gzgqJj6M/ edge to edge on ichimoku, support /resistance levels match fibs, volume and interest provided by whale, in terms of volume profile relatively clear skies above resitance levels, RSI weekly rising and weekly MACD in positive cross
still need to close daily above the ascending triangle though
the candle yesterday did go above, but closed below
well he did create a technical pattern and slurped up all the selling pressure
the measured move for the triangle will bring us right above the next resitance level
Tek24-Oct-18 02:50 PM
it seems to be breaking resistance
do i try to sell this peak or will I get fucked over
hmmmmmmm
Hollowman900024-Oct-18 02:51 PM
Dump eet
bpkdasbaum24-Oct-18 02:52 PM
don't sell now lol, if you want to play it save, set a stop loss in the triangle
Hollowman900024-Oct-18 02:52 PM
Still need to recoup KMD from vrsc and arrr purchases
Dump to 16
bpkdasbaum24-Oct-18 02:52 PM
or at some sort of similar invalidation level
Hollowman900024-Oct-18 02:52 PM
Time to FUD on twatter
Tek24-Oct-18 02:52 PM
I bought most between 17k and 20k so selling now seems a good idea
Hollowman900024-Oct-18 02:52 PM
DPoW got hacked
Tek24-Oct-18 02:52 PM
atleast selling part seems ok
Hollowman900024-Oct-18 02:53 PM
Jl777 is George Soros
4
1
Tek24-Oct-18 02:53 PM
@Hollowman9000 what ?
ComputerGenie 👴👴👴24-Oct-18 02:53 PM
@Hollowman9000 is on the redneck juice again
Hollowman900024-Oct-18 02:54 PM
@ComputerGenie 👴👴👴 95% attacked KMD with 40,000 z9 miners, all exchange cold wallets emptied
This is the end(edited)
Dump while you still can
Situation will only be better after hitting 12k sats
Tek24-Oct-18 03:00 PM
will XMR ever moon again
really testing my patience
Maybe I should have gotten more BCH instead of XMR
REEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
BlockTech24-Oct-18 03:04 PM
21BTC in sell order against 6 for buy order on binance
CHMEX24-Oct-18 03:06 PM
73Pi transfered in another 400k some hours ago
Hollowman900024-Oct-18 03:07 PM
Pirate is better than XMR, soon all will come to realize this
bpkdasbaum24-Oct-18 03:08 PM
@Tek here is what a trade setup could look like: https://www.tradingview.com/x/DEfZAwFh/ the 4h candle will close in 1h above triangle, unless it starts dumping like crazy, doubt it though, for that you usually place a stop loss at invalidation level of your trade setup
Tek24-Oct-18 03:08 PM
stop loss
He thinks I use stops
blubbi24-Oct-18 03:10 PM
u think its going to dump after it hits 22-23k sats?
Tek24-Oct-18 03:10 PM
I'm not sure if I'm selling at all
I almost collected my goal target KMD
blubbi24-Oct-18 03:11 PM
goal >100$
Tek24-Oct-18 03:11 PM
if whale bro returns its gonna moon
maybe yeah
maybe I should justwait 4 years
blubbi24-Oct-18 03:11 PM
okay so patience is my friend
Tek24-Oct-18 03:11 PM
I think it will get to $50 sometime during the next bull
i meqn like at the top right
blubbi24-Oct-18 03:13 PM
at least 38$ i guess
bpkdasbaum24-Oct-18 03:13 PM
777$
Bittersweet24-Oct-18 03:14 PM
But I was told btc was ded again
ComputerGenie 👴👴👴24-Oct-18 03:15 PM
bitcoin is deded, BTC is alive and well
Tek24-Oct-18 03:16 PM
kraken has a BCH/FIAT pair
sweeeeeeeeeet
Bittersweet24-Oct-18 03:16 PM
Ok fill me in on the latest drama
Tek24-Oct-18 03:16 PM
well BTC and blockstream basically turned into a scam.
BCH is ther real bitcoin.
Bittersweet24-Oct-18 03:17 PM
ah I thought there was a new BTC drama
i heard some rumblings
Tek24-Oct-18 03:18 PM
what did you hear?
Bittersweet24-Oct-18 03:19 PM
That kmd is the new btc ofc
Or the neo of the canary islands
ComputerGenie 👴👴👴24-Oct-18 03:20 PM
well BTC and blockstream basically turned into a scam.
He said "latest"
Bittersweet24-Oct-18 03:21 PM
Has lightning dedded yet?
ComputerGenie 👴👴👴24-Oct-18 03:22 PM
no clue, since it's a 3rd party usage of bitcoin and not part of bitcoin, I don't follow it