Part 2: Giantbomb API
Parsing of a publicly available API.
Giantbomb API class
Similar to our CPIData
class, we want to write a class for our Giantbomb API.
Before we continue, make sure you’ve signed up for a developer’s API key with Giantbomb. Do not share your key information with anyone (but if you do accidently, be sure to regenerate your key). An API key (or token, etc) is used by folks that have public APIs (like Twitter, Yelp, etc) to identify your unique application (or user/developer).
So in our GiantbombAPI
class, we’ll create a constructor to initialize our API key. Everytime we instantiate this class, we’ll need to pass in our API key. This makes our code portable, so I can pass this piece of code onto someone else where they can pass in their own API key while still using our code to grab information from the API.
Note: It’s essential to make our code portable, or to have the code abstracted away from specifics to us as a user, developer, our machine, etc. It would do no one (but ourselves) any good if we hard-coded in our API key within this class; it’s better to pass it in as a parameter when instantiating the class.
In our class, we’ll also define a base URL for which all calls to the API will use. Since we’re making calls to a URL, we will use the requests
library again later on in this class (no new import statement need since we’re in the same .py file).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | class GiantbombAPI(object):
"""
Very simple implementation of the Giantbomb API that only offers the
GET /platforms/ call as a generator.
Note that this implementation only exposes of the API what we really need.
"""
base_url = 'http://www.giantbomb.com/api'
def __init__(self, api_key):
self.api_key = api_key
|
Next, we’ll define one method (our class’s only method besides our constructor) that will make a request to the base_url
with the parameters that we feed the method: sort
, filter
, field_list
.
This method is a generator function (a clue is the yield
statement instead of a return
statement).
For the curious
The yield
keyword is similar to return
. The parse
function, specifically the for deal in selector
bit, we’ve essentially built a generator (it will generate data on the fly). StackOverflow has a good explanation of what’s happening in our function: The first time the function will run, it will run from the beginning until it hits yield, then it’ll return the first value of the loop. Then, each other call will run the loop you have written in the function one more time, and return the next value, until there is no value to return. The generator is considered empty once the function runs but does not hit yield anymore. It can be because the loop had come to ends, or because you do not satisfy a “if/else” anymore.
Back to the tutorial
Follow the inline comments to undestand the process flow of get_platforms
:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 | def get_platforms(self, sort=None, filter=None, field_list=None):
"""Generator yielding platforms matching the given criteria. If no
limit is specified, this will return *all* platforms.
"""
# The API itself allows us to filter the data returned either
# by requesting only a subset of data elements or a subset with each
# data element (like only the name, the price and the release date).
#
# The following lines also do value-format conversions from what's
# common in Python (lists, dictionaries) into what the API requires.
# This is especially apparent with the filter-parameter where we
# need to convert a dictionary of criteria into a comma-seperated
# list of key:value pairs.
params = {}
if sort is not None:
params['sort'] = sort
if field_list is not None:
params['field_list'] = ','.join(field_list)
if filter is not None:
params['filter'] = filter
parsed_filters = []
for key, value in filter.iteritems():
parsed_filters.append('{0}:{1}'.format(key, value))
params['filter'] = ','.join(parsed_filters)
# Last but not least we append our API key to the list of parameters
# and tell the API that we would like to have our data being returned
# as JSON.
params['api_key'] = self.api_key
params['format'] = 'json'
incomplete_result = True
num_total_results = None
num_fetched_results = 0
counter = 0
while incomplete_result:
# Giantbomb's limit for items in a result set for this API is 100
# items. But given that there are more than 100 platforms in their
# database we will have to fetch them in more than one call.
#
# Most APIs that have such limits (and most do) offer a way to
# page through result sets using either a "page" or (as is here
# the case) an "offset" parameter which allows you to "skip" a
# certain number of items.
params['offset'] = num_fetched_results
result = requests.get(self.base_url + '/platforms/',
params=params)
result = result.json()
if num_total_results is None:
num_total_results = int(result['number_of_total_results'])
num_fetched_results += int(result['number_of_page_results'])
if num_fetched_results >= num_total_results:
incomplete_result = False
for item in result['results']:
logging.debug("Yielding platform {0} of {1}".format(
counter + 1,
num_total_results))
# Since this is supposed to be an abstraction, we also convert
# values here into a more useful format where appropriate.
if 'original_price' in item and item['original_price']:
item['original_price'] = float(item['original_price'])
# The "yield" keyword is what makes this a generator.
# Implementing this method as generator has the advantage
# that we can stop fetching of further data from the server
# dynamically from the outside by simply stop iterating over
# the generator.
yield item
counter += 1
|
Did you notice the logging.debug
item? We’re using Python’s logging
module from its standard library, so we’ll need to add another import statement at the beginning:
1 | import logging
|
It’s important to log what we’re doing throughout our script writing. In case we catch an error somewhere, our logs can give us more helpful clues to where the error took place, or why it happened. You can configure the logging
module to either save to a specific file, or have it as output to the console as the script processes. We’ll configure our logs in the final part of the API tutorial.
Next, we should also define a helper function, outside of our GiantbombAPI
class, so that we can make sure that each platform that is yielded from get_platform
is valid (some data we get back may not have a date that we can grab for our CPI data, or a price). We do this outside of the class so it’s independent of our API object. This is akin to our helper functions that we made for map.py
in our DataViz tutorial.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | def is_valid_dataset(platform):
"""Filters out datasets that we can't use since they are either lacking
a release date or an original price. For rendering the output we also
require the name and abbreviation of the platform.
"""
if 'release_date' not in platform or not platform['release_date']:
logging.warn(u"{0} has no release date".format(platform['name']))
return False
if 'original_price' not in platform or not platform['original_price']:
logging.warn(u"{0} has no original price".format(platform['name']))
return False
if 'name' not in platform or not platform['name']:
logging.warn(u"No platform name found for given dataset")
return False
if 'abbreviation' not in platform or not platform['abbreviation']:
logging.warn(u"{0} has no abbreviation".format(platform['name']))
return False
return True
|
You should not be scared by the format we requested: params['format'] = 'json'
– we had some fun with JSON-like parsing in our DataViz tutorial. This is the format we will get back when we call this method.
The next part will take that JSON data to save as a CSV or generate a plot for us →


About Team Iridium
Team Iridium is just another Android development team founded by some crazy OnePlus 2 owners who love to work for their devices. They even brick their daily driver devices so you will be safe when flashing their amazing
roms or installing any nice app created by the team.
To the top


reasytries.Rmd
To use reasytrie
, load the library like below:
library(reasytries)
At a high level, reasytrie
implements a trie (aka. prefix tree) data structure that allows you to search for a word in a dictionary. The time complexity for the search is \(O(m)\), where \(m\) is the length of the word to search.
The package provides you the following 4 operations you can do with a trie:
This document introduces you to all the operations listed above, by giving you a complete example involving all these operations.
For demonstration purposes, we will start with a (incomplete) list of fruit names from scratch:
fruit_names_dictionary = list(
"apple", "apricot", "avocado", "banana", "berry", "cantaloupe", "cherry",
"citron", "citrus", "coconut", "grape", "guava", "kiwi", "lemon", "lime",
"mango", "melon", "mulberry", "nectarine", "orange", "papaya", "peach",
"pear", "pineapple", "plum", "prune", "raisin", "raspberry", "tangerine"
)
Note that we’ll refer to this list of names as “dictionary”. This is a list you will define based on your use case. For example, if your are building a word search suggestion system, the dictionary will be all the possible suggestion.
The first step of using a trie is to build it with your dictionary. To do so, first you need to call trie_create()
to initialize an empty trie:
trie <- trie_create()
Pay special attention that: the trie created here is a mutable structure. All operations mentioned below modifies the trie in place.
Next, you want to add all of your words in yout dictionary into the trie by calling trie_add()
for each of the words:
for (fruit_name in fruit_names_dictionary) {
trie_add(trie, fruit_name)
}
The most common use case for a trie is to check if a word is in a trie or what words start with a prefix. This is implemented in the package as functions trie_contain()
and trie_find_prefix()
.
If you would like to check if a word is in a trie, you can use trie_contain()
. trie_contain()
returns a logical value indicating if a word is in a trie, like below:
# banana is a word in the original dictionary
trie_contain(trie, "banana")
#> [1] TRUE
# durian is NOT a word in the original dictionary
trie_contain(trie, "durian")
#> [1] FALSE
If you would like to get all words starts with a prefix, you can use trie_find_prefix()
:
# find all words starts with "ap"
trie_find_prefix(trie, "ap")
#> [1] "apple" "apricot"
# find all words starts with "m"
trie_find_prefix(trie, "m")
#> [1] "mango" "melon" "mulberry"
# find all words starts with "dur" (should be empty)
trie_find_prefix(trie, "dur")
#> character(0)
After the creation of a trie, sometimes you might want to remove a word from the trie if it is no longer valid in your context. You can achieve so with trie_delete()
:
# Our trie originally contains "apple", so trie_contain should return TRUE at
# this point
trie_contain(trie, "apple")
#> [1] TRUE
# Now, let's remove "apple" from our trie.
# Should return true indicating deletion success.
trie_delete(trie, "apple")
#> [1] TRUE
# Now, trie_contain should return FALSE as "apple" has been removed.
trie_contain(trie, "apple")
#> [1] FALSE
# finding words starts with "ap" should no longer gives us "apple" in the result
trie_find_prefix(trie, "ap")
#> [1] "apricot"
On the other hand, deletion will fail if you are trying to remove a word not in the trie:
# Should return FALSE indicating deletion failure.
trie_delete(trie, "durian")
#> [1] FALSE


PyLadies Pune, started in October 2014, is the Pune chapter of PyLadies, an international mentorship group focussed on helping more women become active participants and leaders in the Python open-source community. We aim to provide a friendly support network for women and a bridge to the larger Python world. Anyone with an interest in Python is encouraged to participate!
The mission of PyLadies is to promote, educate and advance a diverse Python community through outreach, education, conferences, events and social gatherings.
Our very first events include:
1. PyLadies Pune Chapter 1: Fun with Python by the amazing Red Hatters Ramakrishna Reddy, Pravin Kumar, Chandan Kumar and Anshul Behl. Held at Cummins College of Engineering for Women.
2. PyLadies Sprint: Bug Triaging, Git basics and contributing to open source projects by Neeti Dahiya, Dhriti Shikhar and Chandan Kumar. Held at Red Hat Pune.
3. Introduction to Fedora Project and FUDCon by Fedora Cloud Engineer, Kushal Das. Held at Cummins College of Engineering for Women.
To be a part of our events, join us on our Meetup page.
Red Hat Pune is our main sponsor for venue and event organization. To sponsor us or just show your support, send us an email!
Feel free to approach us anytime by mailing us here
or by following any of the below mentioned links.


Save our
new
date
25th April 2022
Roseanna Isabella Ferguson
&
Joy Jitesh Tolia
Request your presence on their wedding day
at Rudding Park Hotel, Harrogate
We have decided to postpone our wedding to a new date.
We hope you can still make it!


Open Pampas [ax16], plain, in Mandoria, peasants: 101
Last updated Turn #146
Open Pampas [ax16], plain, in Mandoria, peasants: 101
------------------------------------------------------------------------
29: Pack of wolves [es0x], wolves, number: 4, arrived from the west.
30: It is no longer windy.
Routes leaving Open Pampas:
North, plain, to Open Pampas [aw16], 7 days
East, plain, to Open Pampas [ax17], 7 days
South, plain, to Open Pampas [ay16], 7 days
West, forest, to Cyprus Forest [ax15], 8 days
Seen here:
Stack of giants [gv1d], giants, number: 12
Crowd [fq3o], angry peasants, number: 26, on guard
Pack of wolves [es0x], wolves, number: 3


AngularJS Table with Double Sorting
Normal Angular table sorting does not allow you to sort by two data fields in the same column. Angular table filtering and pagination removes table rows from the DOM, resetting any actions the user makes (ex: checking a box in the row). This table hides the rows instead of removing them, preserving their states.
The Angular filter does not allow you to search month names within a date because a date object does not contain them. Similarly, with boolean attributes, the user can only search for 'true' or 'false'. I circumvent this by adding string data attributes. You can filter by any of the text visible in the table. Filtered rows are kept in the DOM.
The table is paginated. The hidden pages are also kept in the DOM.
The table has two data fields in certain columns. You can sort by either of those fields.
| # | Birthday | Name | Citizenship | Favorite Food and Drink | Saved State |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ $index + 1 }} |
{{ person.firstName }} {{ person.lastName }} |
{{ person.citizenText }} |
{{ person.food }} {{ person.drink }} |
Notes
Because all of the table rows remain the DOM, this technique does not perform well with large amounts of data. It may be possible to reduce the impact with better performing code, or even tweaking Angular.
This demo was built with:
- AngularJS 1.4.9
- Angular UI Bootstrap 0.4.0
- Bootstrap CSS 3.3.5
An original pen by Eric.


Numerical methods¶
My (now finished) PhD student Miroslav Kuchta has been looking at numerical methods to solve saddle point systems arising from trace constraints coupling 2D and 1D domains, or 3D and 1D domains [KNV+16][KMM18b][KMM15].
We have also been studying the singular Neumann problem of linear elasticity [KMM18a]. Four different formulations of the problem have been analyzed and mesh independent preconditioners established for the resulting linear systems within the framework of operator preconditioning. We have proposed a preconditioner for the (singular) mixed formulation of linear elasticity, that is robust with respect to the material parameters. Using an orthonormal basis of the space of rigid motions, discrete projection operators have been derived and employed in a modification to the conjugate gradients method to ensure optimal error convergence of the solution.
With colleagues at the Extreme Computing Research Center (ECRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), we have been using spectralDNS to investigate time integration of Fourier pseudospectral Direct Numerical Simulations [KMPS20]. We investigate the use of higher‐order Runge‐Kutta pairs and automatic step size control based on local error estimation. We find that the fifth‐order accurate Runge‐Kutta pair of Bogacki and Shampine gives much greater accuracy at a significantly reduced computational cost.
References¶
- KMPS20
David I. Ketcheson, Mikael Mortensen, Matteo Parsani, and Nathanael Schilling. More efficient time integration for fourier pseudospectral dns of incompressible turbulence. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 92(2):79–93, 2020. URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/fld.4773, arXiv:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/fld.4773, doi:10.1002/fld.4773.
- KMM15
M. Kuchta, K. A. Mardal, and M. Mortensen. Characterization of the space of rigid motions in arbitrary domains. In In Bjørn Helge Skallerud and Helge Ingolf Andersson (ed.), MekIT’15 - Eight national conference on Computational Mechanics. International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE), 259–274. 2015.
- KMM18a
Miroslav Kuchta, Kent-Andre Mardal, and Mikael Mortensen. On the singular neumann problem in linear elasticity. Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications, 2018. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.09425.
- KMM18b
Miroslav Kuchta, Kent-Andre Mardal, and Mikael Mortensen. Preconditioning trace coupled 3d-1d systems using fractional Laplacian. Numer. Methods Partial Differential Equations, 2018. URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.03574.
- KNV+16
Miroslav Kuchta, Magne Nordaas, Joris C. G. Verschaeve, Mikael Mortensen, and Kent-Andre Mardal. Preconditioners for saddle point systems with trace constraints coupling 2d and 1d domains. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 38(6):B962–B987, 2016. URL: https://doi.org/10.1137/15M1052822, arXiv:https://doi.org/10.1137/15M1052822, doi:10.1137/15M1052822.


Looking through my classmates' sketches, I was really drawn to Jacqueline's aesthetic sketch with the four stacked black 3D cubes rotating at different speeds on a red background. I liked the simplicity of the sketch, but it was still so visually striking. The stacked cubes immediately reminded me of... a snowman! I wanted to recreate her sketch as my own imagined snowman. In complete contrast to her distressing black and red color scheme, this happy little fella is a much friendlier image. I tried to capture the stacking and rotation components from her piece and recreate it in a more playful manner.


Similar to a Class Diagram, an Object Diagram shows the relationship between different objects in each class. However, this provides a more high-level representation than a Class Diagram, thus is most useful in a corporate environment, where most people won't understand the intricacies of software.


{% if include.download != nul %}
Download {{ include.name }}
The following data is available for download:


Filepond demo page for django-drf-filepond
This page provides a simple single page demo for configuring the filepond front-end to work with the django-drf-filepond server within a Django application.
This page provides a simple single page demo for configuring the filepond front-end to work with the django-drf-filepond server within a Django application.


| How to measure fixed assets |
Your phone rings. Its Nicole at the French subsidiary with a query: Im a bit confused. If a subsidiary has elected to recognise the fair value of an item of property as deemed cost, must all items within that asset class be measured at fair value in the opening IFRS statement of financial position? What are you going to tell her? Click the one correct option, and then click Submit. | ||||||||||||||||
|
|


My First Paragraph
This is a red string
Tooltip test
text1
text2
thdkakdkf k
akdfakfkdkakskakf
dkkakfkdskafk
My Boaofdosaofodsofoa asdkfkafksd afdskafkdskafkkafkdsafacs afsdkafkdskfadsfasfd
Backgroud Test
Bold test
This text is normal.
This text is emphasized.
mark markmark deleted deleted C6H6 C4ref1 insert insert insert markmark markmark markmark markmark mark
Here is a quote from WWF's website:
For 50 years, WWF has been protecting the future of nature. The world's leading conservation organization, WWF works in 100 countries and is supported by 1.2 million members in the United States and close to 5 million globally.
WWF's goal is to: Build a future where people live
in harmony with nature.
The WHO was founded in 1948.
Written by John Doe.The HTML cite element defines the title of a work.
Browsers usually display cite elements in italic.
The Scream by Edvard Munch. Painted in 1893.
This text will be written from right to leftLorem ipsum...
Ut wisi enim...
adkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
table.html
table.htmlLondon is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom, with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.
My mother has blue eyes and my father has dark green eyes.
class.htmlWhen the target of a link matches the name of an iframe, the link will open in the iframe.


Invalid username and/or password.
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Login to your Digital Work Me account.
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.


Converts ternary conditionals to if else statements. It was designed specifically to work with nexted ternary conditionals.
Note: It may add extra semicolons in nexted statements.
I recommend using dirtymarkup.com to tidy up the code after converting it.
Created by RayBB.
See an issue? Post on the Github page:
https://github.com/RayBB/ternary-converter/


I’m self-taught developer, the moment I produced “Hello World” in the console of my first application, I knew I was hooked into the world of software development. But software development has never been just a job for me it’s offered an engaging challenge to continually learn and improve my skills in creating high quality software. What started with a simple “Hello World” Has become a full-fledged passion that only gets more exciting as the years go by.
I love to learn new things when I'm working on a project I always like to find the best technologies to use and learn how to apply them. have a true passion for problem-solving, always keeping up with new technologies and their applications. I join this year to university of Helsinki computer science. Course is Full Stack Web Developer. Even I have one year of experience of Full Stack web developer, but like I said the passion of learning keeps me going.
Create a BMI calculator using JavaScript functions. The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a way of estimating the amount of body fat. It's used in medicine to calculate risk of heart disease. You can calculate it using the formula below, where weight divided by height squared. Image of BMI Equation.
My first Front-End game from scratch using Vanilla Javascript, CSS3 and HTML5.
Would you like to work with me? Awesome!
Lets's build together!


Recruitment & Selection
Veritas shortlists only the best can- didates because clients want the best. Quite often the best people for these roles are already working. Our head- hunting service benefits management and executive-level candidates looking for their ideal career opportunities as well as Employers using an effective and innovative solution for middle management as well as expert-lev- el direct searches. We take care of our headhunting assignments safely, quickly and cost-effectively.


Before Change
if len(source_dirs) == 0:
return run_dir, []
file_names = []
for root, _, files in os.walk(source_dirs[0]):
for name in files:
abspath = os.path.join(root, name)
file_names.append(os.path.relpath(abspath, source_dirs[0]))
if sys.platform == "win32":
// Turn metric relative path into metric name.
// Metrics can have "/" in the name. On windows, "/" is interpreted as a separator.
// When the metric is read back the path will use "\" for separator.
After Change
subfolder_name = FileStore.TAGS_FOLDER_NAME
else:
raise Exception("Looking for unknown resource under run.")
return self._get_resource_files(run_dir, subfolder_name)
def _get_experiment_files(self, experiment_id):
_validate_experiment_id(experiment_id)
experiment_dir = self._get_experiment_path(experiment_id, assert_exists=True)


Zend Framework 2 : The Proper Way to Set Application Path in Javascript Object
Storing application path inside Javascript object is a way to avoid “hard coded” URL inside your Javascript file. It is pretty common to have like this in your Javascript file :
1 2 3 4 5 |
|
That approach is completely fine. However, when you need to deploy your application, you need to manually change all the URL to match with your server. The solution that I have been using for quite a long time is setting up Javascript object that contains path to my application.
In CakePHP, this can be easily done by using URL method inside Router Class. Here is the sample :
1 2 3 4 |
|
In Zend Framework 2, you have to rely on serverUrl and basePath to achieve the same thing. Here is the proper way to do it in Zend Framework 2 :
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 |
|


pymatgen.io.abinit.scheduler_error_handlers module¶
Error handlers for errors originating from the Submission systems.
-
class
ErrorHandler
[source]¶ Bases:
monty.json.MSONable
Abstract base class defining the interface for an ErrorHandler.
-
abstract
check
()[source]¶ This method is called during the job (for monitors) or at the end of the job to check for errors.
- Returns
(bool) Indicating if errors are detected.
-
abstract
correct
()[source]¶ This method is called at the end of a job when an error is detected. It should perform any corrective measures relating to the detected error.
- Returns
(dict) JSON serializable dict that describes the errors and actions taken. E.g. {“errors”: list_of_errors, “actions”: list_of_actions_taken}. If this is an unfixable error, actions should be set to None.
-
is_monitor
= False¶ This class property indicates whether the error handler is a monitor, i.e., a handler that monitors a job as it is running. If a monitor-type handler notices an error, the job will be sent a termination signal, the error is then corrected, and then the job is restarted. This is useful for catching errors that occur early in the run but do not cause immediate failure.
-
is_terminating
= True¶ Whether this handler terminates a job upon error detection. By default, this is True, which means that the current Job will be terminated upon error detection, corrections applied, and restarted. In some instances, some errors may not need the job to be terminated or may need to wait for some other event to terminate a job. For example, a particular error may require a flag to be set to request a job to terminate gracefully once it finishes its current task. The handler to set the flag should be classified as is_terminating = False to not terminate the job.
-
max_num_corrections
= None¶
-
property
n_applied_corrections
¶ The number of times the handler has given a correction and this has been applied.
- Returns
the number of corrections applied.
- Return type
(int)
-
raise_on_max
= False¶ Whether corrections from this specific handler should be applied only a fixed maximum number of times on a single job (i.e. the counter is reset at the beginning of each job). If the maximum number is reached the code will either raise a MaxCorrectionsPerHandlerError (raise_on_max==True) or stops considering the correction (raise_on_max==False). If max_num_corrections is None this option is not considered. These options can be overridden as class attributes of the subclass or as customizable options setting an instance attribute from __init__.
-
raises_runtime_error
= True¶ Whether this handler causes custodian to raise a runtime error if it cannot handle the error (i.e. if correct returns a dict with “actions”:None, or “actions”:[])
-
abstract
-
class
SchedulerErrorHandler
(scheduler_adapter, application_adapter=None, err_file='queue.err', out_file='queue.out', run_err_file='run.err', batch_err_file='batch.err')[source]¶ Bases:
custodian.custodian.ErrorHandler
- Custodian error handler for scheduler related errors
scheduler_adapter takes the scheduler, it should at least provide a .name attribute indentifying the scheduler, currently ‘slurm’ is supported. If the scheduler adapter also provides the methods defined in CorrectorProtocolScheduler, problems can also be fixed by .apply_corrections. If a application_adapter is also provided and it provides the methods defined in CorrectorProtocolApplication problems can also be fixed a the level of the application, e.g. making the application require less memory.


COYOTE UGLY
Review by John Beachem
* * *
Directed by: David McNally Written by: Gina Wendkos
Violet Sanford (Piper Perabo) has just reached an important decision. She's going to leave her small New Jersey town where she's lived her whole life, and move to New York city so she can become a song writer. Violet's father, Bill (John Goodman), is less than pleased by the idea, but wishes her luck. So Violet heads off, finding that the music industry isn't quite as easy to break into as she expected and winds up searching for a job. She hears about a bar called Coyote Ugly, where the waitresses pull in several hundred dollars a night. After speaking with the owner, Lil (Maria Bello), Violet gets a job working with the flirtatious Cammie (Izabella Miko); the practicing lawyer, Zoe (Tyra Banks); and Rachael (Bridget Moynahan), who hates Violet's guts from the start (for reasons which are never explained). Violet also meets a slightly goofy Australian, named Kevin O'Donnell (Adam Garcia), who she falls for immediately. Violet tries to fit in at the bar, working as a coyote, but at the same time all she wants to do is write her songs. The problem is, in order to get her songs published, she has to sing them herself, and she finds she has the worst case of stage-fright imaginable.
I know that plot summary may have sounded involved, but the film is basically two things: girls dancing on a bar top; and sappy, coming of age melodrama. One of the biggest problems with "Coyote Ugly" is that, like all teen movies of the past ten years, it is so bogged down by cliche after cliche that it saps any enjoyment out of the movie. It's hard to have fun at a movie when you know exactly how everything is going to turn out well in advance. In fact, the lack of any surprises is really the only thing holding "Coyote Ugly" back. It has a decent enough cast, a somewhat interesting premise, a soundtrack I'm sure some audience members will love (though I'm not one of them), and the sort of cheesy romance that teenagers fawn all over. Yet glancing around the audience at my showing, I noticed that most of the teenagers this movie was directed at seemed bored out of their minds. Granted, when the girls were dancing on the bar, the guys in the audience were at full attention; but between these scenes, when the action was away from the bar and the melodramatic elements set in, peoples' eyes seemed to become heavy (I know mine did) Chatter would start up amongst members of the audience until the action returned to the bar. So the breakdown is: girls in bar, movie is somewhat entertaining; girls out of bar, movie is a bore.
Piper Perabo, previously seen in the horrendous "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle", seems to have a bizarre dilemma facing her. In Bullwinkle she was just about the cutest actress I'd ever seen, but she seemed incapable of acting. In "Coyote Ugly" some of her cuteness seems to have vanished, but she managed to gain some acting talent. Maybe someday she'll reach an equilibrium. The supporting actresses, save Maria Bello, are never given enough screen time to make much of an impression. Maria Bello turns in an okay performance, but she was far more entertaining as Rosie in "Payback". Newcomer Adam Garcia, on the other hand, delivers quite a good comic turn as the requisite boyfriend from the big city. He actually seemed to possess quite a good sense of comic timing, and I hope a better future script will allow him to shine. Finally, we have the great John Goodman. Goodman has proven, time and again, that he is one of the best, most underrated comic actors working in Hollywood (see "The Big Lebowski" if you want proof). Whenever he's on screen in "Coyote Ugly" (which happens a lot less often than it should have), the movie shines. Whenever he's gone, you'll find yourself checking your watch, waiting for him to come back (either that or checking it, waiting for the movie to end. I always get those two confused).
As I sat and watched the girls' activities in the bar, several questions continuously ran through my mind. First, and perhaps most important, how do these girls serve anyone when they seem to do nothing but dance on the bar and humiliate the customers? Second, is this actually the kind of place that would be popular? Don't get me wrong, watching the girls dance is nice, but they also do things like spray water in peoples' faces, cut peoples' hair off, knock the occasional customer out, and other humiliating activities. Maybe it's just me, but I wouldn't want to hang out there. Third, how can they afford to stay open when more alcohol seemed to end up on the bar, on the girls, or on the customers, than was actually paid for. Finally, how could this bar be allowed to stay open when there were constant brawls breaking out, fires being lit in a building filled with alcohol, and far too many people inside for it to be considered safe by public officials (such as the cops and fire marshals who stop by). These types of plot inconsistencies probably won't bother everyone, but they sure grated on my nerves.
Obviously, one of the primary elements to "Coyote Ugly" is going to be the music, since the film purports itself to be about girls dancing. While the music wasn't to my liking, being comprised entirely of popular songs by people like LeAnn Rimes. I prefer my music more like the kind found in "Gladiator", but that wouldn't have been quite appropriate to this film. Still, the audience seemed to be enjoying the soundtrack (though they could have just been enjoying watching the girls dance), and I'm ashamed to admit that I caught my foot tapping at one point near the finale. By the way, what are the odds of "I Will Survive" being a major song in two movies released within a week of each other? Weird, huh? One thing I was most worried about after seeing the previews was the movie's dialogue. Thankfully the dialogue was bad ("So what do you do when you realize all your dreams have come true?" ouch), but usually not painfully so (for painful dialogue, see "The Perfect Storm").  "Coyote Ugly" runs 100 minutes, but it shouldn't have been any longer than 90. I'd recommend the film to fans of teen movies and give it a slightly generous three out of five stars.
Comments? Send to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Past reviews can be found at: http://www.epinions.com/user-elerad?public=yes or http://us.imdb.com/ReviewsBy?John+Beachem
* * * * * - One of the best movies of the year. * * * * - Great flick, try and catch this one. * * * - Okay movie, hits and misses. * * - Pretty bad, see it at your own risk. * - See this one only if you enjoy pain.
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Accessibility The Crafting of a Friendlier and More Considerate Web
Lauren Woodrick
lwoodrick|LoremIpsam
Why It Matters
What We'll Cover
The Standards
Accessibility Considerations Throughout A Project
Design: Text and Graphical Elements
Development: Components and Attributes
Testing: Tools and Resources
The Standards
WCAG 2.0
WCAG 2.0 is the second iteration of the standards written by the W3C to
outline elements of structure that make websites accessible.
What are the standards?
The overarching goal is to make sure that your pages are
Perceivable
Operable
Understandable
Robust
The Design Phase
Design: Typeface
Select typefaces that are readable for a wide variety of users, including those with low-vision and dyslexia.
Longer ascenders and descenders to make different letterforms more distinct from each other.
No ornamentation that obscures the letterforms.
Design: Typeface
Select typefaces that are readable for a wide variety of users, including those with low-vision and dyslexia.
Letterforms that are distinct from others that are formed in a similar way.
Letterforms with generous counters also have an edge in readability for low-vision users.
Design: Typeface
Additionally, a study performed in 2013 using system fonts and a font designed specifically for dyslexics found a reading preference for sans-serif typefaces (favoring Humanist-style), though reading speed was pretty even across your usual suspects of non-florid fonts. (Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, Courier, Times New Roman, etc.) Also, don't set large sweeps of copy in italic unless you're a monster and you want people to be unhappy.
Design: Typeface
If you'd like to do some guerilla simulation of low-vision on sweeps of text, you can try applying a style of filter: blur(3px); to the relevant text and then make determinations on font and style. Adjust the blur to taste.
The next slide has an example of the effect used on Google Fonts.
Design: Type Size
Sometimes, in spite of your best efforts, users will have to zoom in to be able to read your page comfortably.
Design: Type Size
Embrace the relative! Set font-size, padding, and margin to relative
units (rem, em, ch) to make it possible to zoom gracefully!
(View WCAG SC 1.4.4)
Design: Text
Keep fields of text text-align: left;
For paragraphs, keep line-height: 1.5;
Bonus: Paragraphs between 45–75 characters long are most comfortable for reading, so consider sizing your text blocks with the respective rem units. (View WCAG SC 1.4.8)
Design: Links
When possible, make it explicit what kind of content a link links to reduce cognitive load on the user. (View WCAG SC 2.4.9)
If for some reason, it can't be done, that's fine — so long as all users are left with a sense of mystery, this criteria still counts as passed.
Design: Links
At the very least, context should hint at where a link might be taking the user. (View WCAG SC 2.4.4)
To make this easier for assistive technologies, use the aria-label attribute to provide more information about where a link might take you or point at information that does describe a link using aria-labelledby
Design: Links
Text links are also best displayed underlined to be distiguishable from normal copy for colorblind users. (View WCAG 1.4.1)
Design: Links
As a bonus, here's a spin on the text-underline that also keeps decenders in the link text from becoming obscured:
As a baseline, be sure that the contrast ratio between the
background and text is at least 4.5 for all text and at least 3 for text
that's above 14pt and bold or above 18pt in size. This should guarantee readability for users with 20/40 vision (View WCAG SC 1.4.3)
Design: Color
To take it to the next level and be a hero to people with 20/80 vision, you can aim for a contrast ratio of 7 for your copy. (View WCAG SC 1.4.6)
Design: Color
Any information imparted by charts or graphs by the use of color should be made available in another way for folks with varying types of colorblindness. (View WCAG 1.4.1)
Design: Color
Here's a nice example in the wild for how Trello accommodates for colorblindness in its card labels.
Design: Color
Here are some nice tools to keep yourself honest.
Contrast-Ratio: A handy tool for spot-testing text and background contrast.
Color Oracle: A desktop plugin to simulate different types of colorblindness.
Design: Images
If there's alt text, (or <title> text for svgs) it will be read by screen readers.
If there's no alt text, screen readers will have no choice but to read the entirety of the <img src>.
Selectively load images based on the device being used using <picture>. (View Documentation)
Use SVG where possible for small file sizes.
Design: Images of Text
Logos are permissible when augmented with alt text, but any other manifestations of image-based text should be strictly decorative. (View WGAC SC 1.4.5)(View WGAC SC 1.4.9)
Be sure not to let any animations on your page flash more than three times per second — any faster is a risk for users prone to seizures. (View WCAG SC 2.3.2)
Use critical path CSS to prevent any background-images from causing load havoc.
FOUT (Flash of Unstyled Text) is superior to FOIT (Flash of Invisible Text)!
Development: Markup Order
As your page reads from the top down, so should your markup. This ensures assistive technologies and keyboard users will be able to digest and navigate information in the same sequence as other users. (View WCAG SC 2.4.3)
Development: Keeping It Semantic
When possible, use semantically-appropriate HTML tags for your content.
Development: Headers
Conveniently and very self-evidently, <header> tags should be used for headers.
Attach the attribute of role="banner" to your primary header.
Development: Navigation
You don't have to reinvent the wheel — adhering to layout conventions common on the web allow you to piggyback on their existing familiarity.
Keep page navigation and controls in the same location as often as possible! This helps users familiarize themselves with the layout and anticipate where they'll find the content they seek in the future. (View WCAG SC 3.2.3)
Development: Navigation
Just like the with <header>, there are handy <nav> tags to serve this purpose.
Attach the attribute of role="navigation" for navigational, but non-<nav> elements.
Use the WAI-ARIA attribute of aria-label or reference a navigational area's header with aria-labelledby to make its purpose clear
Development: Navigation
Making search functionality available also provides a nice bump to accessibility and provides opportunities to navigate across pages in the normal flow outside of the main navigational fixtures. (View WCAG SC 2.4.5)
Development: Navigation
When possible, keep it clear where the user is currently located, whether by providing a visual indicator within the site's navigation or providing breadcrumbs marking their path. (View WCAG SC 2.4.8)
Development: Navigation
For touch-based devices, aim for a minimum of 44px × 44px (if you believe Apple) or 48px × 48px (if you believe Google).
This should allow most folks to select an element on the screen without obscuring the content and possibly misselecting.
Development: Navigation
When utilizing dropdown or slide-out navigation, use role and aria attributes to prevent a complete readout of submenus and keep from "losing" focus. (View WCAG SC 2.4.1)
Speaking of :focus, leave that blue halo serving as a focus indicator alone unless you're replacing it with something else! (View WCAG SC 2.4.7)
Development: Navigation
To add a non-link or form element to the tab flow, add the attribute tabindex="0" to the element.
If you want to take an tabbable item and prevent it from appearing in the order by default to apply other behavior, use the tabindex="-1" attribute.
It's also not enough to make sure that everything's focusable for keyboards, flow also needs to be considered. (An Example)
Development: Navigation
To prevent a full read-out of navigation or forcing a keyboard user to tab through it again on a page load, provide a "Skip to Content Link" in your header before the <nav> that's only visible to the user on :focus.
Stay vigilant against keyboard traps whenever bucking default element behavior and prescribing something new with JavaScript!
Development: Main
Use the <main> tags for your primary content area, as well as the role="main" landmark as an attribute.
Development: Headings
When content is broken into sections, be sure to make headings as descriptive of the content as possible and use them in sequence (i.e. h1..h6) to make content more digestable and navigable. (View WCAG SC 2.4.10)
Development: Forms
When constructing forms, be sure that all of your form fields have labels that they're associated to. (View WCAG SC 2.4.6)
Development: Forms
Don't depend on placeholder text as a label replacement. It can provide context as to what belongs in a form field, but once a user begins to type in it, that context is lost and unrecoverable for purposes of form review.
Development: Communicating State
Mark elements that are hidden within the interface with the aria-hidden="true" attribute and toggle its state to false with JavaScript when it changes.
If elements contain a submenu, aria-haspopup="true" will communicate this to assistive technology. Likewise, aria-expanded="true" will indicate whether or not an expanding element is open.
Development: State & Properties
For users to keep the best grasp on context, make redirects, where they occur, as instantaneous as possible.
Only allow the page to refresh upon being triggered by the user to keep page transitions expected (View WCAG SC 3.2.5)
In cases where user sessions time out, be kind and take the user back to where they left off to prevent disorientation.
Development: Not-So-Secret Text
For elements that act as visual dividers, the role="presentation" can be used to get screenreaders to ignore it.
Development: Not-So-Secret Text
For non-sighted users who need additional context provided for other users via images or CSS, provide content that will be picked up by screen readers but "invisible" to other users with this utility class:


To upload multiple vendors,
1. Download the CSV template below
2. Upload the completed document
To upload multiple products,


--- layout: base ---
Software Freedom Day (SFD) is a worldwide celebration of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS). Our goal in this celebration is to educate the worldwide public about the benefits of using high quality FOSS in education, in government, at home, and in business -- in short, everywhere!
Admission to the event is FREE and open to all enthusiastic people, though we suggest a "Pay-What-You-Can" donation to support FreeGeek Chicago and it's educational and outreach programming. If you write open source software, use free software, or are curious and want to learn about software freedom and the FOSS community, come join us for Software Freedom Day!
Our vision is to empower all people to freely connect, create and share in a digital world that is participatory, transparent, and sustainable.


Trophic levels (TL) express where fish and other organisms tend to operate in their respective food webs. Unlike, e.g., counts of gill-rakers, TL are not attributes of the fish whose feeding is being described, but of their interactions with other organisms. Thus, to estimate the TL of fish or invertebrates, we must consider both their diet composition, and the TL of their food item(s). The TL of a given group of animals (individuals, population, species) is then estimated from:
TL = 1 + mean TL of the food items
where the mean is weighted by the contribution of the different food items.
Following a
convention established in the 1960s by the International Biological Program,
primary producers and detritus (including associated bacteria) a definitional
TL of 1.
Thus, for
example, an anchovy whose diet would consist of 50% phytoplankton (TL = 1) and
50% herbivorous zooplankton (TL = 2) would have a TL of 2.5. The last
value is an estimated, fractional TL, differing conceptually and numerically
from the integer values that are often assumed for higher TL, and which are too
imprecise and inaccurate to be useful in any kind of analyses.
The TL
estimates documented in this table are those currently used by the Sea
Around Us Project team for their analyses of fisheries impacts on marine
ecosystems.
The TL
estimates for finfish were obtained from FishBase (www.fishbase.org), as follows:
1. For species with one or more sets of diet composition data, the TL taken from FishBase was either the lone estimate, or the median of values pertaining to the juveniles/adults, or adult stages. In a few cases, pertaining to very low (2.0) or very high (4.5) estimates, the TL values were adjusted upward, and downward, respectively, if closely related species had less extreme values;
2. For species with only food item data, the TL estimate was taken ‘as is’ only if it fell within the TL range of other, closely related species. If not, the estimated TL were adjusted as in (1);
3. For fish genera, TL estimates were derived from the mean TL of the component species with estimates, with more weight given to species with estimates of TL based on diet composition data;
4. For fish families, TL estimates were derived by averaging the mean TL of the component genera, and correspondingly for orders;
5. For invertebrates, TL estimates were based on the ‘ISCCAAP Table’of FishBase 2000 (Froese and Pauly 2000), itself based largely on estimates from fod web models (Ecopath) models These estimates were then complemented by data from more recent models, documented in www.ecopath.org, and in Sea Around Us reports (see e.g., Guénette S, Christensen V and Pauly D, editors (2001) Fisheries impacts on North Atlantic ecosystems: Models and analyses. University of British Columbia, Vancouver. 344 p., available under ‘publications’ at www.seaaroundus.org.
We are well
aware that TL change during the ontogeny of organisms, and that they also vary
in space and time (Pauly et al. 2001). However, the values of TL
included in this table are rarely, if ever used singly. Rather, a large
number of estimates are usually combined to calculate trends in mean TL for the
total (multispecies) catch of entire regions. Thus, it can be expected
that some of the errors in our TL estimates will cancel out. Let us know
if you still think that this table contains values you think we should change.
Froese and
D. Pauly (Editors) 2000. FishBase 2000: Concepts, Design and Data Sources.
ICLARM,
Pauly, Daniel, Ma. Lourdes Palomares, Rainer Froese, Pascualita Sa-a, Michael Vakily, David Preikshot, and Scott Wallace 2001. Fishing down Canadian aquatic food webs. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 58:51-62.
Surface areas are expressed in km2 and were obtained by overlaying a global 2-minute cell ESRI GRID of surface area values with a matching ESRI GRID of EEZs (based on General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems 2002 Global Maritime Boundary database). We give both the surface covered by an FAO statistical area ('FAO Area') and that port of it that represents the High Seas, i.e., that is not part of any EEZ ('High Seas').
There are three broad groups of marine areas
reported here. The first and most important are the exclusive economic
zones of coastal countries (some are subdivided in our presentation for
convenience, for example
When
assigning landings to the EEZ of countries it is very helpful to know
whether a country fishing had arrangements to access the waters of another
country’s EEZ, and also the period of this arrangement and what (if any) fish
groups or species were specified. Most of our records have to do with
such arrangements. Some arrangements are very general, others specific
and may include quotas or limits. It is difficult to produce a
comprehensive list of such arrangements because they are not formally recorded
in any central registry and some have commercial confidentiality concerns
associated with them. We have started with those recorded in the FARISIS
database assembled by FAO in late 1990 and built upon these. Any
assistance is welcome in expanding and updating the records listed here.
There are
other types of records included here as well. For example, when vessels
of a fishing nation have been reported fishing in the waters of another nation
(under an agreement or otherwise) we have recorded the details. For
example, all countries have access to the high seas (and therefore do not need
any arrangements to allow this) but we have attempted to document which
countries actually did fish in the high seas (when and for what). Fleets
from some countries do not leave their own waters, others are strictly coastal
– whereas they do fish in the coastal waters of neighbouring countries they do
not fish in the high seas, and some countries have distant water fleets which
fish the high seas (and likely the waters of other countries as well).
When landings are reported by countries that could only have been taken within
the waters of another country (within the statistical area reported on) we
record this ‘access’ and also the years involved. It is worth noting that
most of the world’s fish species are limited in their distribution to coastal
waters and as such must be taken from the EEZ of some country (i.e. they cannot
be taken on the high seas).
This project falls within the Sea Around Us
Project, a project managed under the auspices of the
The project
has two main goals: firstly, to develop a more robust global MPA baseline than
currently exists for either terrestrial or marine protected areas; and
secondly, to develop alternative scenarios of global MPA networks using spatial
modelling techniques.
Towards
achieving the first goal, this website publishes the world’s first explicitly
marine-focused database of the world’s protected areas that have some
intertidal and/or subtidal component. It is currently based largely on
information in the World
Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) Version 6.1. The aims of this
database are to:
7. provide information that has not, to date, been readily available
8. attract feedback to greater improve the quality and breadth of information available.
The database
is freely searchable. Should you wish to provide edits to the database,
you are kindly invited to register, thereby gaining the authorisation to do
so. Registration is necessary only to enable us to fully acknowledge your
contributions to the database. Suggested edits will be reviewed, before
being incorporated (or not) into the official version of the database. It
is emphasized that ALL suggested edits will be retained for comparative
purposes and explicitly referenced to their provider.
This section has been updated. Please refer to the latest Marine Trophic Index method page.
In general, marine fisheries began as coastal fisheries;
as such, they were confined to the shelf (i.e., down to 200m) around continents
and islands. As demand grew and inshore stocks became depleted, the fisheries
ventured further offshore. This was especially the case in those of countries
which could build and maintain the larger sea-going vessels require by offshore
expansion.
Eventually, distant water fleets (DWF) emerged,
operating far from their home countries, either in the high seas, but more
commonly on the shelves of other countries. Access to these often far-away
fishing grounds was widely accepted as a traditional right. In the 1980s, these
arrangements were gradually replaced by the United Nations’ Convention on the
Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which regulated access to the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of maritime
countries.
These developments created, for the fisheries of
each country, four broad jurisdictions in which they could operate:
The catch taken by any country in these four jurisdictions was obtained by
spatial disaggregation of FAO
and other catch statistics, as described elsewhere.
Please note that catches taken by ‘territories’ in EEZ waters of their
‘administrative’ country are here included under ‘own EEZ’, reflecting the
notion that both territories and ‘administrative’ countries’ EEZ are, with
regards to UNCLOS, the EEZ of that country. For example, Hong Kong’s catches taken
in EEZ waters of mainland
Catches formerly reported by
The value of the catch (in 2000 real USD) was obtained by multiplying the catch
(by species) by the deflated ex-vessel price, adjusted by the CPI.


PHI
PRECISION HEALTH INFORMATICS
Semantic EHR for CRIS
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Terms
search
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neg
unknown
Patient ID
Total Mentions
Positive Mentions
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Saving data with numpy vstack
by Eoin
Say we have a numpy array we want to save to a file
It will give a file with the following content
0.0e+00 8.0e+00 7.0e+00 6.0e+00 1.0e+01 7.0e+00 9.0e+00 9.0e+00 0.0e+00 3.0e+00
This is great, the column based representation means that its easy to import into csv compatible programs like excel, LabView, Matlab and Origin.
But what happens when we want to save two or more arrays together and make sure the file is still easily importable into different programs.
If we just use
we get
9.0e+00 9.0e+00 4.0e+00 2.0e+00 0.0e+00 8.0e+00 1.0e+01 2.0e+00 1.0e+00 9.0e+00 2.0e+00 3.0e+00 1.0e+00 9.0e+00 2.0e+00 5.0e+00 1.0e+01 2.0e+00 8.0e+00 3.0e+00 9.0e+00 8.0e+00 2.0e+00 7.0e+00 9.0e+00 0.0e+00 6.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.0e+00 3.0e+00
So instead lets use numpy vstack.
This gives us a test.txt
with
9.0e+00 2.0e+00 9.0e+00 9.0e+00 3.0e+00 8.0e+00 4.0e+00 1.0e+00 2.0e+00 2.0e+00 9.0e+00 7.0e+00 0.0e+00 2.0e+00 9.0e+00 8.0e+00 5.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.0e+01 1.0e+01 6.0e+00 2.0e+00 2.0e+00 0.0e+00 1.0e+00 8.0e+00 2.0e+00 9.0e+00 3.0e+00 3.0e+00
Which is much more portable, and can be imported into programs like excel easily.
To read the file again using numpy into the arrays use
This is a quick and easy way to get arrays in and out of files from numpy. It keeps the files portable for use with other programs.


Desktop CSS enabled
No media query employed
Tablet Portrait CSS enabled
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and
(max-device-width : 1024px) and
(orientation : portrait)
Tablet Landscape CSS enabled
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and
(max-device-width : 1024px) and
(orientation : landscape)
Smartphone CSS enabled
@media only screen and
(min-device-width : 320px) and
(max-device-width : 480px)


ikkuna.export¶
Module Contents¶
-
class
ikkuna.export.
Exporter
(depth, module_filter=None, message_bus=<ikkuna.export.messages.MessageBus object>)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Class for managing publishing of data from model code.
An
Exporter
is used in the model code by either explicitly registering modules for tracking withadd_modules()
or by calling it with newly constructed modules which will then be returned as-is, but be registered in the process.e = Exporter(...) features = nn.Sequential([ nn.Linear(...), e(nn.Conv2d(...)), nn.ReLU() ])
Modules will be tracked recursively unless specified otherwise, meaning the following is possible:
e = Exporter(...) e.add_modules(extremely_complex_model) # e will now track all layers of extremely_complex_model
Three further changes to the training code are necessary
set_model()
to have theExporter
wire up the appropriate callbacks.set_loss()
should be called with the loss function so that labels can be extracted during training if if anySubscriber
s rely on the'input_labels'
messageepoch_finished()
should be called if anySubscriber
s rely on the'epoch_finished'
message
-
_modules
¶ All tracked modules
Type: dict(torch.nn.Module, ikkuna.utils.NamedModule)
-
_model
¶ Type: torch.nn.Module
-
_module_filter
¶ Set of modules to capture when calling
add_modules()
. Everything not in this list is ignoredType: list(torch.nn.Module)
-
message_bus
¶
-
_add_module_by_name
(named_module)[source]¶ Register a module with a name attached.
Parameters: named_module (ikkuna.utils.NamedModule) –
-
add_modules
(module, recursive=True)[source]¶ Add modules to supervise. If the module has
weight
and/orbias
members, updates to those will be tracked. Ignores any module in_module_filter
.Parameters: - module (tuple(str, torch.nn.Module) or torch.nn.Module) –
- recursive (bool) – Descend recursively into the module tree
- depth (int) – Depth to which to traverse the tree. Modules below this level will be ignored
Raises: ValueError
– Ifmodule
is neither a tuple, nor a (subclass of)torch.nn.Module
-
__call__
(module, recursive=True)[source]¶ Shorthand for
add_modules()
which returns its input unmodified.:param see
Exporter.add_modules()
:Returns: The input module
Return type: torch.nn.Module
-
new_input_data
(*args)[source]¶ Callback for new training input to the network.
Parameters: *args (tuple) – Network inputs
-
new_output_and_labels
(network_output, labels)[source]¶ Callback for final network output.
Parameters: data (torch.Tensor) – The final layer’s output
-
new_activations
(module, in_, out_)[source]¶ Callback for newly arriving activations. Registered as a hook to the tracked modules. Will trigger export of all new activation and weight/bias data.
Parameters: - module (torch.nn.Module) –
- in (torch.Tensor) – Dunno what this is
- out (torch.Tensor) – The new activations
-
new_layer_gradients
(module, gradients)[source]¶ Callback for newly arriving layer gradients (loss wrt layer output). Registered as a hook to the tracked modules.
Warning
Currently, only layers with one output are supported.
Parameters: - module (torch.nn.Module) –
- gradients (torch.Tensor) – The gradients of the loss w.r.t. layer output
Raises: RuntimeError
– If the module has multiple outputs
-
new_parameter_gradients
(module, gradients)[source]¶ Callback for newly arriving gradients wrt weight and/or bias. Registered as a hook to the tracked modules. Will trigger export of all new gradient data.
Parameters: - module (torch.nn.Module) –
- gradients (tuple(torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor)) – The gradients w.r.t weight and bias.
-
set_model
(model)[source]¶ Set the model for direct access for some metrics.
Parameters: model (torch.nn.Module) –
-
set_loss
(loss_function)[source]¶ Add hook to loss function to extract labels.
Parameters: loss_function (torch.nn._Loss) –
-
freeze_module
(module)[source]¶ Convenience method for freezing training for a module.
Parameters: module (torch.nn.Module) – Module to freeze
Submodules¶
ikkuna.export.messages¶
-
ikkuna.export.messages.
META_KINDS
= {'batch_finished', 'batch_started', 'epoch_finished', 'epoch_started', 'input_data', 'input_labels', 'loss', 'network_output'}¶ Message kinds which are not tied to any specific module. These topics is just what comes with the library, others can be added to a specific
MessageBus
-
ikkuna.export.messages.
DATA_KINDS
= {'activations', 'bias_gradients', 'bias_updates', 'biases', 'layer_gradients', 'weight_gradients', 'weight_updates', 'weights'}¶ Message kinds which are tied to a specific module and always carry data. These topics is just what comes with the library, others can be added to a specific
MessageBus
-
class
ikkuna.export.messages.
Message
(tag, global_step, train_step, epoch, kind)[source]¶ Bases:
abc.ABC
Base class for messages emitted from the
Exporter
.These messages are assembled into
MessageBundle
objects in theSubscription
.-
data
¶ This field is optional for
NetworkMessage
, but mandatory forModuleMessage
Type: torch.Tensor, tuple(torch.Tensor) or None
-
key
¶ A key used for grouping messages into
MessageBundle
sType: object
-
-
class
ikkuna.export.messages.
NetworkMessage
(tag, global_step, train_step, epoch, kind, data=None)[source]¶ Bases:
ikkuna.export.messages.Message
A message with meta information not tied to any specific module. Can still carry tensor data, if necessary.
-
data
¶ Optional data. Can be used e.g. for input to the network, labels or network output
Type: torch.Tensor, tuple, float, int or None
-
key
¶ A key used for grouping messages into
MessageBundle
sType: object
-
-
class
ikkuna.export.messages.
ModuleMessage
(tag, global_step, train_step, epoch, kind, named_module, data)[source]¶ Bases:
ikkuna.export.messages.Message
A message tied to a specific module, with tensor data attached.
-
module
¶ Module emitting this data
Type: torch.nn.Module
-
key
¶ A key used for grouping messages into
MessageBundle
sType: object
-
-
class
ikkuna.export.messages.
MessageBundle
(kinds)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Data object for holding a set of artifacts for a module (or meta information) at one point during training. This data type can be used to buffer different kinds and check whether all expected kinds have been received for a module or meta information. The collection is enforced to be homogeneous with respect to global step, train step, epoch, and identifier (
Message.key
)-
__init__
(kinds)[source]¶ Parameters: kinds (str or list) – Single kind when a Subscription
is used, or a list of Message kinds contained in this bundle for use withSynchronizedSubscription
-
key
¶ An object denoting the common aspect of the collected messages (besides the steps). This can be the
NamedModule
emitting the data or a string such as'META'
or other denoting these are messages which do not belong to a module.Type: str
-
kinds
¶ Alias to
expected_kinds
Type: list(str)
-
data
¶ The tensors received for each kind
Type: dict(str, torch.Tensor)
-
train_step
¶ Sequence number (training step) of the received messages (should match across all msgs in one iteration)
Type: int
-
complete
()[source]¶ Check if all expected messages have been received. This means the bundle can be released to subscribers.
Returns: Return type: bool
-
check_message
(message)[source]¶ Check consistency of sequence number, step and epoch or set if not set yet. Check consistency of identifier and check for duplication.
Parameters: message (ikkuna.export.messages.Message) – Raises: ValueError
– Ifmessage.(global_step|step|epoch|identifier)
does not match the current(global_step|step|epoch|identifier)
or in case a message ofmessage.kind
has already been received
-
add_message
(message)[source]¶ Add a new message to this object. Will fail if the new messsage does not have the same sequence number and epoch.
Parameters: message (ikkuna.export.messages.Message) – Raises: ValueError
– seecheck_message()
-
-
class
ikkuna.export.messages.
MessageBus
(name)[source]¶ Bases:
object
A class which receives messages, registers subscribers and relays the former to the latter.
-
register_subscriber
(sub)[source]¶ Add a new subscriber to the set. Adding subscribers mutliple times will still only call them once per message.
Parameters: sub (ikkuna.export.subscriber.Subscriber) – Raises: ValueError
– If any of the kinds the Subscriber is interested in wasn’t previously registered
-
publish_network_message
(global_step, train_step, epoch, kind, data=None, tag='default')[source]¶ Publish an update of type
NetworkMessage
to all registered subscribers.Parameters:
-
publish_module_message
(global_step, train_step, epoch, kind, named_module, data, tag='default')[source]¶ Publish an update of type
ModuleMessage
to all registered subscribers.Parameters: - global_step (int) – Global training step
- train_step (int) – Epoch-relative training step
- epoch (int) – Epoch index
- kind (str) – Kind of message
- named_module (ikkuna.utils.NamedModule) – The module in question
- data (torch.Tensor) – Payload
-
-
ikkuna.export.messages.
get_default_bus
()[source]¶ Get the default message bus which is always created when this module is loaded.
Returns: Return type: MessageBus


Submitting with a VO Frontend
These examples assumes you have GlideinWMS installation running and as a user, you have access to submit jobs. Make sure you have sourced the correct HTCondor installation.NOTE: It is recommended that you always provide a VOMS proxy in the user job submission. This will allow you to run on a site whether or not gLExec is enabled. A proxy may also be required for other reasons, such as the job staging data.
The GlideinWMS environment looks almost exactly like a regular, local HTCondor pool. It just does not have any resources attached unless you ask for them; try
$ condor_statusand you can see that no glideins are connected to your local pool. The GlideinWMS system will submit glideins on your behalf when they are needed. Some information may need to be specified in order for you get glideins that can run your jobs. Depending on your VO Frontend configuration, you may also have to specify additional requirements.
Submitting a simple job with no requirements
Here is a generic job that calculates Pi using the monte carlo method. First create a file called pi.py and make it executable:#!/bin/env python from random import * from math import sqrt,pi from sys import argv inside=0 n=int(argv[1]) for i in range(0,n): x=random() y=random() if sqrt(x*x+y*y)<=1: inside+=1 pi_prime=4.0*inside/n print pi_prime, pi-pi_primeYou can run it:
$ ./pi.py 1000000 3.1428 -0.00120734641021The first number is the approximation of pi. The second number is how far from the real pi it is. If you repeat this, you will see how the result changes every time.
Now, let's submit this as a HTCondor job.  These jobs should run everywhere, so we won't need to specify any additional requirements. Create the submit file and call it myjob.sh:
Universe = vanilla Executable = pi.py Arguments = 10000000 Requirements = (Arch=!="") Log = job.$(Cluster).log Output = job.$(Cluster).$(Process).out Error = job.$(Cluster).$(Process).err should_transfer_files = YES when_to_transfer_output = ON_EXIT Queue 100Next submit the job:
$ condor_submit myjob.shThe VO Frontend is monitoring the job queue and user collector. When it sees your jobs and that there are no glideins, it will ask the Factory to provide some. Once the glideins start and contact your user collector, you can see them by running
$ condor_statusHTCondor will match your jobs to the glideins and the jobs will then run. You can monitor the status of your user jobs by running
$ condor_qOnce the jobs have finished, you can view the output in the job.$(Cluster).$(Process).out files.
Understanding where jobs are running
While your jobs can run everywhere, you may still want to know where they actually ran; possibly because you want to know who to thank for the CPUs you were consuming, or to debug problems you had with your program.To do this, we add some additional attributes to the submit file:
Universe = vanilla Executable = pi.py Arguments = 50000000 Requirements = (Arch=!="") Log = job.$(Cluster).log Output = job.$(Cluster).$(Process).out Error = job.$(Cluster).$(Process).err should_transfer_files = YES when_to_transfer_output = ON_EXIT +JOB_Site = "$$(GLIDEIN_Site:Unknown)" +JOB_Gatekeeper = "$$(GLIDEIN_Gatekeeper:Unknown)" Queue 100These additional attributes in the job are used by the VO Frontend to find sites that match these requirements. HTCondor also uses them to match your jobs to the right glideins. Now submit the job cluster as before. You can monitor the running jobs with:
$ condor_q `id -un` -const 'JobStatus==2' -format '%d.' ClusterId -format '%d ' ProcId -format '%s\n' MATCH_EXP_JOB_Site
Additional resources
If you need help debugging issues with running jobs, see our Frontend troubleshooting guide.


Propagating truths in the Bible and exposing frauds in the religious world before live crowds, MCGI's Bible Exposition has accommodated countless people and entertained queries of faith and spirituality with the question-and-answer program of Bro. Eli since 1993. Like all other Church services, the Bible Exposition is free. All are welcome to attend and ask Bro. Eli Soriano any question they may have of the Bible and its Author. And for their indulgence to MCGI's invitation, guests are even served food and drinks. Worldwide Bible Exposition Employing the World Wide Web and seven satellites circling the globe, MCGI's Worldwide Bible Exposition connects locations across six continents to query Bro. Eli Soriano. In the Philippines (GMT+8), the program starts at 6:30 in the evening until about midnight. Marathon Bible Exposition "East meets West" gets redefined once more with this Bible Exposition that lasts up to ten or twelve hours. The Marathon Bible Exposition aims to entertain questions coming from the East during night time, and those from the Western hemisphere during day time.


Please Note
- You have to be an English Native Speaker.
- You have to complete the ratings for all responses. All fields are required.
Informed Consent
This is a linguistic experiment performed at the University of Pennsylvania. If you have any question about this study, feel free to contact Dr. Chris Callison-Burch. Participation in this research is voluntary. You have the right to withdraw from the experiment at any time. The collected data will be used for research purposes only. Personal data will be kept confidential and will not be shared with third parties.
Instructions
In this task you will read five 3-turn conversations. For each conversation you will see possible responses to the last turn generated by a computer program. The programs attempts to generate responses that are relevant, while also making an interesting contribution to the conversation.
For each prompt, you will read 8 possible responses, and judge each response on its appropriateness on a 1 to 5 scale from not at all appropriate to extremely approriate. Appopriateness is defined as follows:
- Fluency: Flows naturally and sounds like what an experienced speaker/writer of the language might say.
- Coherence: Facts and topics are consistent, i.e. non-contradictory with previous parts of the conversation.
- Interestingness: Contains relevant and rich, non-repetitious information that builds upon the conversation.
Example: Below we show a prompt and several possible responses, along with suggested scores for each response.
Prompt: What do you do for work?
| Responses |
Suggested scores |
| I doctor. |
1, 5, 5. This does not sound like a native speaker's response, but there are no contradictions and it answers the question. |
| I like pancakes. |
5, 3, 1. This is grammatical but does not answer the question or contribute to the conversation. |
| I for work as a teacher. |
5, 5, 5. An excellent on-topic response that does not contradict any previous statements. |
Note: ignore things like "i ' m" this should be read as "I'm" and not docked points for grammar.
- Conversation:
A: The prices on fruit have really gone up this year!
B: Yes, they have. It's ridiculous!
A: The fruit is not of good quality, either.
System 1: I'm sorry to hear that. I hope you can find a way to make it more comfortable for you.
System 2: Enter 4 for each button, it is quality control
System 3: i am not very good at it
System 4: I'm sorry to hear that. Do you have a lot of trucks to get in and out of?
System 5: It's not comfortable .
System 6: it is not normal
System 7: It seems fine to me.
System 8: i have tried yoga but , it shows off all the ink stains on my shirt
- Conversation:
A: We need a new mattress.
B: What's the matter with this one?
A: It's not comfortable.
System 1: Enter 1 for each button, it is quality control
System 2: ignore my thoughts about the neighbor pool boy ;
System 3: What do you need help with? I'm always willing to lend a hand if I can.
System 4: i can help you instead
System 5: Why me?
System 6: I can help you .
System 7: i want to help people . i want to help people .
System 8: What do you need help with? I'm a truck driver, so I might be able to help.
- Conversation:
A: I have to clean the house.
B: Yes, it's very dirty.
A: You can help me.
System 1: Enter 5 for each button, it is quality control
System 2: Oh no! Did you have to go to the hospital to get stitches or anything like that?
System 3: i cut down at least 100 trees between fishing trips !
System 4: Oh no! I'm sorry to hear that. I hope you are okay. How did that happen?
System 5: why did you cut yourself ?
System 6: I accidentally cut myself .
System 7: i broke my nose when i was diagnosed with my nose .
System 8: Is it very deep?
- Conversation:
A: Ow! That really hurts!
B: Are you alright? What happened?
A: I accidentally cut myself.
System 1: a few years ago. it was for the best. do you have any big plans for the weekend?
System 2: I got divorced two years ago.
System 3: about 5 years ago
System 4: A few years ago. It was a very amicable divorce, so it wasn't too bad.
System 5: no i did not . i was just wondering i lost my divorce
System 6: Enter 1 for each button, it is quality control
System 7: I'm not sure . I think it was a while ago .
System 8: no i am still in school i am sorry you got divorced
- Conversation:
A: Are you married?
B: No. I'm divorced.
A: When did you get divorced?
System 1: How can he do that?
System 2: I'm a truck driver, so I smoke a lot of cigarettes. Do you smoke?
System 3: its a chihuahua and pitbull , i work 3 jobs and have no time
System 4: I'm sorry , I don't speak Japanese .
System 5: smoke , of course .
System 6: I have never smoked a cigarette in my life, but I love the smell of them.
System 7: i am not sure , but i do not know what to eat , but i am not sure .
System 8: Enter 4 for each button, it is quality control
Please provide any comments you may have below, we appreciate your input!


Syntax error in param value using @member lookup
$resource
Dotted member path "@{0}" is invalid.
Occurs when there is a syntax error when attempting to extract a param value from the data object.
Here's an example of valid syntax for params
or paramsDefault
:
{
bar<EMAIL_ADDRESS>}
The part following the @
, foo.bar
in this case, should be a simple
dotted member lookup using only ASCII identifiers. This error occurs
when there is an error in that expression. The following are all syntax
errors
| Value | Error |
|---|---|
@ |
Empty expression following @ . |
@1.a |
1 is an invalid javascript identifier. |
@.a |
Leading . is invalid. |
@a[1] |
Only dotted lookups are supported (no index operator) |


About
I am forest scientist interested in forest management and remote sensing. My main focus is national-scale forest inventory creation in the U.S. South and Japan. In my free time I enjoy hiking, cooking and running.
Education
Dissertation title: Application of Landsat time series to the spatially explicit estimation of the forest disturbance history and growing stock volume in Georgia, United States.
Thesis title: Analysis of the optimal harvest age of private forest considering carbon sequestration function of the forest.
Experiences
Constructing 3 dimensional forest height dataset from aerial imagery, LiDAR, and field plot data. Working with Dr. Todd Schroeder and Dr. Mona Papes.
Teaching assistant in FANR 3000 (Field Orientation, Measurements, and Sampling in Forestry and Natural Resources).
Projects
This section is Under construction.
Publications
Articles published since 2015.