| PERLDEPRECATION(1) | Perl Programmers Reference Guide | PERLDEPRECATION(1) |
This document will try to discuss what alternatives for the deprecated features are available.
The deprecated features will be grouped by the version of Perl in which they will be removed.
You wrote something like
my $var; $sub = sub () { $var };
but $var is referenced elsewhere and could be modified after the "sub" expression is evaluated. Either it is explicitly modified elsewhere ("$var = 3") or it is passed to a subroutine or to an operator like "printf" or "map", which may or may not modify the variable.
Traditionally, Perl has captured the value of the variable at that point and turned the subroutine into a constant eligible for inlining. In those cases where the variable can be modified elsewhere, this breaks the behavior of closures, in which the subroutine captures the variable itself, rather than its value, so future changes to the variable are reflected in the subroutine's return value.
If you intended for the subroutine to be eligible for inlining, then make sure the variable is not referenced elsewhere, possibly by copying it:
my $var2 = $var; $sub = sub () { $var2 };
If you do want this subroutine to be a closure that reflects future changes to the variable that it closes over, add an explicit "return":
my $var; $sub = sub () { return $var };
This usage has been deprecated, and will no longer be allowed in Perl 5.32.
Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to "vec"
"vec" views its string argument as a sequence of bits. A string containing a code point over 0xFF is nonsensical. This usage is deprecated in Perl 5.28, and will be removed in Perl 5.32.
Use of code points over 0xFF in string bitwise operators
The string bitwise operators, "&", "|", "^", and "~", treat their operands as strings of bytes. As such, values above 0xFF are nonsensical. Some instances of these have been deprecated since Perl 5.24, and were made fatal in 5.28, but it turns out that in cases where the wide characters did not affect the end result, no deprecation notice was raised, and so remain legal. Now, all occurrences either are fatal or raise a deprecation warning, so that the remaining legal occurrences will be fatal in 5.32.
An example of this is
"" & "\x{100}"
The wide character is not used in the "&" operation because the left operand is shorter. This now warns anyway.
hostname() doesn't accept any arguments
The function "hostname()" in the Sys::Hostname module has always been documented to be called with no arguments. Historically it has not enforced this, and has actually accepted and ignored any arguments. As a result, some users have got the mistaken impression that an argument does something useful. To avoid these bugs, the function is being made strict. Passing arguments was deprecated in Perl 5.28, and will become fatal in Perl 5.32.
Unescaped left braces in regular expressions
The simple rule to remember, if you want to match a literal "{" character (U+007B "LEFT CURLY BRACKET") in a regular expression pattern, is to escape each literal instance of it in some way. Generally easiest is to precede it with a backslash, like "\{" or enclose it in square brackets ("[{]"). If the pattern delimiters are also braces, any matching right brace ("}") should also be escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for example,
qr{abc\{def\}ghi}
Forcing literal "{" characters to be escaped will enable the Perl language to be extended in various ways in future releases. To avoid needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is is not enforced in contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions that could conflict with the use there of "{" as a literal. A non-deprecation warning that the left brace is being taken literally is raised in contexts where there could be confusion about it.
Literal uses of "{" were deprecated in Perl 5.20, and some uses of it started to give deprecation warnings since. These cases were made fatal in Perl 5.26. Due to an oversight, not all cases of a use of a literal "{" got a deprecation warning. Some cases started warning in Perl 5.26, and were made fatal in Perl 5.30. Other cases started in Perl 5.28, and will be made fatal in 5.32.
In XS code, use of various macros dealing with UTF-8.
These macros will require an extra parameter in Perl 5.32: "isALPHANUMERIC_utf8", "isASCII_utf8", "isBLANK_utf8", "isCNTRL_utf8", "isDIGIT_utf8", "isIDFIRST_utf8", "isPSXSPC_utf8", "isSPACE_utf8", "isVERTWS_utf8", "isWORDCHAR_utf8", "isXDIGIT_utf8", "isALPHANUMERIC_LC_utf8", "isALPHA_LC_utf8", "isASCII_LC_utf8", "isBLANK_LC_utf8", "isCNTRL_LC_utf8", "isDIGIT_LC_utf8", "isGRAPH_LC_utf8", "isIDCONT_LC_utf8", "isIDFIRST_LC_utf8", "isLOWER_LC_utf8", "isPRINT_LC_utf8", "isPSXSPC_LC_utf8", "isPUNCT_LC_utf8", "isSPACE_LC_utf8", "isUPPER_LC_utf8", "isWORDCHAR_LC_utf8", "isXDIGIT_LC_utf8", "toFOLD_utf8", "toLOWER_utf8", "toTITLE_utf8", and "toUPPER_utf8".
There is now a macro that corresponds to each one of these, simply by appending "_safe" to the name. It takes the extra parameter. For example, "isDIGIT_utf8_safe" corresponds to "isDIGIT_utf8", but takes the extra parameter, and its use doesn't generate a deprecation warning. All are documented in "Character case changing" in perlapi and "Character classification" in perlapi.
You can change to use these versions at any time, or, if you can live with the deprecation messages, wait until 5.32 and add the parameter to the existing calls, without changing the names.
This change was originally scheduled for 5.30, but was delayed.
Before Perl 5.10, setting $* to a true value globally enabled multi-line matching within a string. This relique from the past lost its special meaning in 5.10. Use of this variable will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30, freeing the variable up for a future special meaning.
To enable multiline matching one should use the "/m" regexp modifier (possibly in combination with "/s"). This can be set on a per match bases, or can be enabled per lexical scope (including a whole file) with "use re '/m'".
$# is no longer supported
This variable used to have a special meaning -- it could be used to control how numbers were formatted when printed. This seldom used functionality was removed in Perl 5.10. In order to free up the variable for a future special meaning, its use will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
To specify how numbers are formatted when printed, one is advised to use "printf" or "sprintf" instead.
Assigning non-zero to $[ is fatal
This variable (and the corresponding "array_base" feature and arybase module) allowed changing the base for array and string indexing operations.
Setting this to a non-zero value has been deprecated since Perl 5.12 and throws a fatal error as of Perl 5.30.
"File::Glob::glob()" will disappear
"File::Glob" has a function called "glob", which just calls "bsd_glob". However, its prototype is different from the prototype of "CORE::glob", and hence, "File::Glob::glob" should not be used.
"File::Glob::glob()" was deprecated in Perl 5.8. A deprecation message was issued from Perl 5.26 onwards, and the function will disappear in Perl 5.30.
Code using "File::Glob::glob()" should call "File::Glob::bsd_glob()" instead.
Unescaped left braces in regular expressions (for 5.30)
See "Unescaped left braces in regular expressions" above.
Unqualified "dump()"
Use of "dump()" instead of "CORE::dump()" was deprecated in Perl 5.8, and an unqualified "dump()" will no longer be available in Perl 5.30.
See "dump" in perlfunc.
Using my() in false conditional.
There has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical variable not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration includes a false conditional. Some people have exploited this bug to achieve a kind of static variable. Since we intend to fix this bug, we don't want people relying on this behavior.
Instead, it's recommended one uses "state" variables to achieve the same effect:
use 5.10.0; sub count {state $counter; return ++ $counter} say count (); # Prints 1 say count (); # Prints 2
"state" variables were introduced in Perl 5.10.
Alternatively, you can achieve a similar static effect by declaring the variable in a separate block outside the function, eg
sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
becomes
{ my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
The use of "my()" in a false conditional has been deprecated in Perl 5.10, and it will become a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
Reading/writing bytes from/to :utf8 handles.
The sysread(), recv(), syswrite() and send() operators are deprecated on handles that have the ":utf8" layer, either explicitly, or implicitly, eg., with the ":encoding(UTF-16LE)" layer.
Both sysread() and recv() currently use only the ":utf8" flag for the stream, ignoring the actual layers. Since sysread() and recv() do no UTF-8 validation they can end up creating invalidly encoded scalars.
Similarly, syswrite() and send() use only the ":utf8" flag, otherwise ignoring any layers. If the flag is set, both write the value UTF-8 encoded, even if the layer is some different encoding, such as the example above.
Ideally, all of these operators would completely ignore the ":utf8" state, working only with bytes, but this would result in silently breaking existing code. To avoid this a future version of perl will throw an exception when any of sysread(), recv(), syswrite() or send() are called on handle with the ":utf8" layer.
In Perl 5.30, it will no longer be possible to use sysread(), recv(), syswrite() or send() to read or send bytes from/to :utf8 handles.
Use of unassigned code point or non-standalone grapheme for a delimiter.
A grapheme is what appears to a native-speaker of a language to be a character. In Unicode (and hence Perl) a grapheme may actually be several adjacent characters that together form a complete grapheme. For example, there can be a base character, like "R" and an accent, like a circumflex "^", that appear to be a single character when displayed, with the circumflex hovering over the "R".
As of Perl 5.30, use of delimiters which are non-standalone graphemes is fatal, in order to move the language to be able to accept multi-character graphemes as delimiters.
Also, as of Perl 5.30, delimiters which are unassigned code points but that may someday become assigned are prohibited. Otherwise, code that works today would fail to compile if the currently unassigned delimiter ends up being something that isn't a stand-alone grapheme. Because Unicode is never going to assign non-character code points, nor code points that are above the legal Unicode maximum, those can be delimiters.
The attributes ":locked" (on code references) and ":unique" (on array, hash and scalar references) have had no effect since Perl 5.005 and Perl 5.8.8 respectively. Their use has been deprecated since.
As of Perl 5.28, these attributes are syntax errors. Since the attributes do not do anything, removing them from your code fixes the syntax error; and removing them will not influence the behaviour of your code.
Bare here-document terminators
Perl has allowed you to use a bare here-document terminator to have the here-document end at the first empty line. This practise was deprecated in Perl 5.000; as of Perl 5.28, using a bare here-document terminator throws a fatal error.
You are encouraged to use the explicitly quoted form if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document:
print <<""; Print this line. # Previous blank line ends the here-document.
Setting $/ to a reference to a non-positive integer
You assigned a reference to a scalar to $/ where the referenced item is not a positive integer. In older perls this appeared to work the same as setting it to "undef" but was in fact internally different, less efficient and with very bad luck could have resulted in your file being split by a stringified form of the reference.
In Perl 5.20.0 this was changed so that it would be exactly the same as setting $/ to undef, with the exception that this warning would be thrown.
As of Perl 5.28, setting $/ to a reference of a non-positive integer throws a fatal error.
You are recommended to change your code to set $/ to "undef" explicitly if you wish to slurp the file.
Limit on the value of Unicode code points.
Unicode only allows code points up to 0x10FFFF, but Perl allows much larger ones. Up till Perl 5.28, it was allowed to use code points exceeding the maximum value of an integer ("IV_MAX"). However, that did break the perl interpreter in some constructs, including causing it to hang in a few cases. The known problem areas were in "tr///", regular expression pattern matching using quantifiers, as quote delimiters in "q X...X" (where X is the "chr()" of a large code point), and as the upper limits in loops.
The use of out of range code points was deprecated in Perl 5.24; as of Perl 5.28 using a code point exceeding "IV_MAX" throws a fatal error.
If your code is to run on various platforms, keep in mind that the upper limit depends on the platform. It is much larger on 64-bit word sizes than 32-bit ones. For 32-bit integers, "IV_MAX" equals 0x7FFFFFFF, for 64-bit integers, "IV_MAX" equals 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF.
Use of comma-less variable list in formats.
It was allowed to use a list of variables in a format, without separating them with commas. This usage has been deprecated for a long time, and as of Perl 5.28, this throws a fatal error.
Use of "\N{}"
Use of "\N{}" with nothing between the braces was deprecated in Perl 5.24, and throws a fatal error as of Perl 5.28.
Since such a construct is equivalent to using an empty string, you are recommended to remove such "\N{}" constructs.
Using the same symbol to open a filehandle and a dirhandle
It used to be legal to use "open()" to associate both a filehandle and a dirhandle to the same symbol (glob or scalar). This idiom is likely to be confusing, and it was deprecated in Perl 5.10.
Using the same symbol to "open()" a filehandle and a dirhandle throws a fatal error as of Perl 5.28.
You should be using two different symbols instead.
${^ENCODING} is no longer supported.
The special variable "${^ENCODING}" was used to implement the "encoding" pragma. Setting this variable to anything other than "undef" was deprecated in Perl 5.22. Full deprecation of the variable happened in Perl 5.25.3.
Setting this variable to anything other than an undefined value throws a fatal error as of Perl 5.28.
"B::OP::terse"
This method, which just calls "B::Concise::b_terse", has been deprecated, and disappeared in Perl 5.28. Please use "B::Concise" instead.
Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%s() is no longer allowed
As an (ahem) accidental feature, "AUTOLOAD" subroutines were looked up as methods (using the @ISA hierarchy) even when the subroutines to be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g. "Foo::bar()"), not as methods (e.g. "Foo->bar()" or "$obj->bar()").
This bug was deprecated in Perl 5.004, has been rectified in Perl 5.28 by using method lookup only for methods' "AUTOLOAD"s.
The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that used to depend on inheriting "AUTOLOAD" for non-methods from a base class named "BaseClass", execute "*AUTOLOAD = \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD" during startup.
In code that currently says "use AutoLoader; @ISA = qw(AutoLoader);" you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change "use AutoLoader;" to "use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';".
Use of code points over 0xFF in string bitwise operators
The string bitwise operators, "&", "|", "^", and "~", treat their operands as strings of bytes. As such, values above 0xFF are nonsensical. Using such code points with these operators was deprecated in Perl 5.24, and is fatal as of Perl 5.28.
In XS code, use of "to_utf8_case()"
This function has been removed as of Perl 5.28; instead convert to call the appropriate one of: "toFOLD_utf8_safe". "toLOWER_utf8_safe", "toTITLE_utf8_safe", or "toUPPER_utf8_safe".
Since Perl 5.18, the option "--libpods" has been deprecated, and using this option did not do anything other than producing a warning.
The "--libpods" option is no longer recognized as of Perl 5.26.
The utilities "c2ph" and "pstruct"
These old, perl3-era utilities have been deprecated in favour of "h2xs" for a long time. As of Perl 5.26, they have been removed.
Trapping "$SIG {__DIE__}" other than during program exit.
The $SIG{__DIE__} hook is called even inside an "eval()". It was never intended to happen this way, but an implementation glitch made this possible. This used to be deprecated, as it allowed strange action at a distance like rewriting a pending exception in<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Plans to rectify this have been scrapped, as users found that rewriting a pending exception is actually a useful feature, and not a bug.
Perl never issued a deprecation warning for this; the deprecation was by documentation policy only. But this deprecation has been lifted as of Perl 5.26.
Malformed UTF-8 string in "%s"
This message indicates a bug either in the Perl core or in XS code. Such code was trying to find out if a character, allegedly stored internally encoded as UTF-8, was of a given type, such as being punctuation or a digit. But the character was not encoded in legal UTF-8. The %s is replaced by a string that can be used by knowledgeable people to determine what the type being checked against was.
Passing malformed strings was deprecated in Perl 5.18, and became fatal in Perl 5.26.
The use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} was deprecated in Perl 5.8. The intention was to use *glob{IO} instead, for which *glob{FILEHANDLE} is an alias.
However, this feature was undeprecated in Perl 5.24.
Calling POSIX::%s() is deprecated
The following functions in the "POSIX" module are no longer available: "isalnum", "isalpha", "iscntrl", "isdigit", "isgraph", "islower", "isprint", "ispunct", "isspace", "isupper", and "isxdigit". The functions are buggy and don't work on UTF-8 encoded strings. See their entries in POSIX for more information.
The functions were deprecated in Perl 5.20, and removed in Perl 5.24.
It used to be possible to use "tie", "tied" or "untie" on a scalar while the scalar holds a typeglob. This caused its filehandle to be tied. It left no way to tie the scalar itself when it held a typeglob, and no way to untie a scalar that had had a typeglob assigned to it.
This was deprecated in Perl 5.14, and the bug was fixed in Perl 5.16.
So now "tie $scalar" will always tie the scalar, not the handle it holds. To tie the handle, use "tie *$scalar" (with an explicit asterisk). The same applies to "tied *$scalar" and "untie *$scalar".
| 2019-10-21 | perl v5.30.3 |


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BootManager
open class BootManager
Class responsible for starting the execution process and define the phase list. Can be extended to override event methods.


Our Wedding Details
Dress
Formal, black tie optional.
(suit and tie / dresses)
RSVP
Please RSVP before May 31st.
Send all responses by clicking here.
Where to Stay
Hampton Inn & Suites
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If you would like to book a room with us at a discounted rate, please contact the Hampton Inn at the phone number listed above. Let them know you would like to stay at our block which is listed under Angelle Kraemer.
Rooms are limited and must be reserved no later than May 30th so please reserve your room as soon as possible!
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{% extends 'cooperazione_base.html' %} {% block container %}
Aid effectiveness has gained growing importance over the years thanks to the process begun in Rome in 2003, continued with the Paris Declaration of 2005, the Accra Agenda for Action of 2008, and culminated with the high-level Forum on Aid Effectiveness in Busan in 2011. The forum has identified a new direction for international development cooperation, surpassing the traditional North-South approach and defining new international policies involving South-South cooperation.
The forum’s final document restates the common fight against poverty and inequality and its universal commitment to sustainable and inclusive growth respecting human rights, democratic values and the principles of good governance. Italian Development Cooperation has consequently implemented its first plan for aid effectiveness and carried out activities specifically designed to make its action more responsive to the principles and procedures identified in Paris and Accra, such as: the updating of sector-based guidelines; the simplification of procedures; the identification of a marker to evaluate the overall effectiveness of all initiatives of bilateral cooperation. Italian Development Cooperation has drafted a second plan for Aid Effectiveness (2011) and established comprehensive country programs on a three-year basis which meet brevity, transparency, feasibility, harmonization and measurability standards.
{% endblock container %}


The L-Shaped Room (1963)
Grade: 54
Leslie Caron may be best known for playing the love interest in "An American in Paris", "Father Goose", and "Gigi", but those weren't the films that earned her two Best Actress Academy Award nominations. They came ten years apart, in the 1953 children's film "Lili", and in the 1963 character study "The L-Shaped Room".
In the latter film, a British production directed by Bryan Forbes, Caron plays a pregnant woman who is unsure of her future. Jane is from a well-to-do French family, but emigrates to England to find her own way seperate from her lover and family. She soon discovers poverty, but also makes friends in the low-rent apartment building where she stays.
First among these is Toby (Tom Bell), an attentive, impassioned but failed writer, and helpful, gentle Johnny (Brock Peters, fresh from playing the defendant in "To Kill a Mockingbird"). There's also a middle-aged lesbian (Cicely Courtneidge).
Then as now, there is little glory in unwed pregnancy. Everyone assumes that Jane is looking for a then-illegal abortion. Toby is the last character to be aware of her predicament, which Jane keeps secret from him out of fear of losing his romantic interest. Jane herself is uncertain of what to do about her pregnancy and her life, but she knows one thing. She won't do anything just because somebody wants her to do it, and her refusal to commit to anyone or anything leads to much suffering. The major characters are all sympathetic to Jane, but are frustrated by her indecisions.
Considered almost shocking at the time of release, "The L-Shaped Room" actually is much more conservative than the black comedies of the era (e.g. "Dr. Strangelove", "Manchurian Candidate", "Whatever Happened to Baby Jane").
The film itself is sometimes slow, and the dialogue, especially from Courtneidge, can be difficult to follow for these Yankee ears. The sets are drab, which is realistic but not lending itself to pleasing cinematography. Caron is a fine actress, but her character's restless nature doesn't give her enough to work with. In the end, "The L-Shaped Room" is well-intentioned but fails to execute.
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This notebook contains an excerpt from the Python Data Science Handbook by Jake VanderPlas; the content is available on GitHub.
The text is released under the CC-BY-NC-ND license, and code is released under the MIT license. If you find this content useful, please consider supporting the work by buying the book!
In Depth: Principal Component Analysis¶
Up until now, we have been looking in depth at supervised learning estimators: those estimators that predict labels based on labeled training data. Here we begin looking at several unsupervised estimators, which can highlight interesting aspects of the data without reference to any known labels.
In this section, we explore what is perhaps one of the most broadly used of unsupervised algorithms, principal component analysis (PCA). PCA is fundamentally a dimensionality reduction algorithm, but it can also be useful as a tool for visualization, for noise filtering, for feature extraction and engineering, and much more. After a brief conceptual discussion of the PCA algorithm, we will see a couple examples of these further applications.
We begin with the standard imports:
%matplotlib inline
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns; sns.set()
Introducing Principal Component Analysis¶
Principal component analysis is a fast and flexible unsupervised method for dimensionality reduction in data, which we saw briefly in Introducing Scikit-Learn. Its behavior is easiest to visualize by looking at a two-dimensional dataset. Consider the following 200 points:
rng = np.random.RandomState(1)
X = np.dot(rng.rand(2, 2), rng.randn(2, 200)).T
plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1])
plt.axis('equal');
By eye, it is clear that there is a nearly linear relationship between the x and y variables. This is reminiscent of the linear regression data we explored in In Depth: Linear Regression, but the problem setting here is slightly different: rather than attempting to predict the y values from the x values, the unsupervised learning problem attempts to learn about the relationship between the x and y values.
In principal component analysis, this relationship is quantified by finding a list of the principal axes in the data, and using those axes to describe the dataset.
Using Scikit-Learn’s PCA
estimator, we can compute this as follows:
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA
pca = PCA(n_components=2)
pca.fit(X)
PCA(copy=True, n_components=2, whiten=False)
The fit learns some quantities from the data, most importantly the “components” and “explained variance”:
print(pca.components_)
[[ 0.94446029 0.32862557]
[ 0.32862557 -0.94446029]]
print(pca.explained_variance_)
[ 0.75871884 0.01838551]
To see what these numbers mean, let’s visualize them as vectors over the input data, using the “components” to define the direction of the vector, and the “explained variance” to define the squared-length of the vector:
def draw_vector(v0, v1, ax=None):
ax = ax or plt.gca()
arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',
linewidth=2,
shrinkA=0, shrinkB=0)
ax.annotate('', v1, v0, arrowprops=arrowprops)
# plot data
plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], alpha=0.2)
for length, vector in zip(pca.explained_variance_, pca.components_):
v = vector * 3 * np.sqrt(length)
draw_vector(pca.mean_, pca.mean_ + v)
plt.axis('equal');
These vectors represent the principal axes of the data, and the length of the vector is an indication of how “important” that axis is in describing the distribution of the data—more precisely, it is a measure of the variance of the data when projected onto that axis. The projection of each data point onto the principal axes are the “principal components” of the data.
If we plot these principal components beside the original data, we see the plots shown here:
This transformation from data axes to principal axes is an affine transformation, which basically means it is composed of a translation, rotation, and uniform scaling.
While this algorithm to find principal components may seem like just a mathematical curiosity, it turns out to have very far-reaching applications in the world of machine learning and data exploration.
PCA as dimensionality reduction¶
Using PCA for dimensionality reduction involves zeroing out one or more of the smallest principal components, resulting in a lower-dimensional projection of the data that preserves the maximal data variance.
Here is an example of using PCA as a dimensionality reduction transform:
pca = PCA(n_components=1)
pca.fit(X)
X_pca = pca.transform(X)
print("original shape: ", X.shape)
print("transformed shape:", X_pca.shape)
original shape: (200, 2)
transformed shape: (200, 1)
The transformed data has been reduced to a single dimension. To understand the effect of this dimensionality reduction, we can perform the inverse transform of this reduced data and plot it along with the original data:
X_new = pca.inverse_transform(X_pca)
plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], alpha=0.2)
plt.scatter(X_new[:, 0], X_new[:, 1], alpha=0.8)
plt.axis('equal');
The light points are the original data, while the dark points are the projected version. This makes clear what a PCA dimensionality reduction means: the information along the least important principal axis or axes is removed, leaving only the component(s) of the data with the highest variance. The fraction of variance that is cut out (proportional to the spread of points about the line formed in this figure) is roughly a measure of how much “information” is discarded in this reduction of dimensionality.
This reduced-dimension dataset is in some senses “good enough” to encode the most important relationships between the points: despite reducing the dimension of the data by 50%, the overall relationship between the data points are mostly preserved.
PCA for visualization: Hand-written digits¶
The usefulness of the dimensionality reduction may not be entirely apparent in only two dimensions, but becomes much more clear when looking at high-dimensional data. To see this, let’s take a quick look at the application of PCA to the digits data we saw in In-Depth: Decision Trees and Random Forests.
We start by loading the data:
from sklearn.datasets import load_digits
digits = load_digits()
digits.data.shape
(1797, 64)
Recall that the data consists of 8×8 pixel images, meaning that they are 64-dimensional. To gain some intuition into the relationships between these points, we can use PCA to project them to a more manageable number of dimensions, say two:
pca = PCA(2) # project from 64 to 2 dimensions
projected = pca.fit_transform(digits.data)
print(digits.data.shape)
print(projected.shape)
(1797, 64)
(1797, 2)
We can now plot the first two principal components of each point to learn about the data:
plt.scatter(projected[:, 0], projected[:, 1],
c=digits.target, edgecolor='none', alpha=0.5,
cmap=plt.cm.get_cmap('spectral', 10))
plt.xlabel('component 1')
plt.ylabel('component 2')
plt.colorbar();
Recall what these components mean: the full data is a 64-dimensional point cloud, and these points are the projection of each data point along the directions with the largest variance. Essentially, we have found the optimal stretch and rotation in 64-dimensional space that allows us to see the layout of the digits in two dimensions, and have done this in an unsupervised manner—that is, without reference to the labels.
What do the components mean?¶
We can go a bit further here, and begin to ask what the reduced dimensions mean. This meaning can be understood in terms of combinations of basis vectors. For example, each image in the training set is defined by a collection of 64 pixel values, which we will call the vector \(x\):
One way we can think about this is in terms of a pixel basis. That is, to construct the image, we multiply each element of the vector by the pixel it describes, and then add the results together to build the image:
One way we might imagine reducing the dimension of this data is to zero out all but a few of these basis vectors. For example, if we use only the first eight pixels, we get an eight-dimensional projection of the data, but it is not very reflective of the whole image: we’ve thrown out nearly 90% of the pixels!
The upper row of panels shows the individual pixels, and the lower row shows the cumulative contribution of these pixels to the construction of the image. Using only eight of the pixel-basis components, we can only construct a small portion of the 64-pixel image. Were we to continue this sequence and use all 64 pixels, we would recover the original image.
But the pixel-wise representation is not the only choice of basis. We can also use other basis functions, which each contain some pre-defined contribution from each pixel, and write something like
PCA can be thought of as a process of choosing optimal basis functions, such that adding together just the first few of them is enough to suitably reconstruct the bulk of the elements in the dataset. The principal components, which act as the low-dimensional representation of our data, are simply the coefficients that multiply each of the elements in this series. This figure shows a similar depiction of reconstructing this digit using the mean plus the first eight PCA basis functions:
Unlike the pixel basis, the PCA basis allows us to recover the salient features of the input image with just a mean plus eight components! The amount of each pixel in each component is the corollary of the orientation of the vector in our two-dimensional example. This is the sense in which PCA provides a low-dimensional representation of the data: it discovers a set of basis functions that are more efficient than the native pixel-basis of the input data.
Choosing the number of components¶
A vital part of using PCA in practice is the ability to estimate how many components are needed to describe the data. This can be determined by looking at the cumulative explained variance ratio as a function of the number of components:
pca = PCA().fit(digits.data)
plt.plot(np.cumsum(pca.explained_variance_ratio_))
plt.xlabel('number of components')
plt.ylabel('cumulative explained variance');
This curve quantifies how much of the total, 64-dimensional variance is contained within the first \(N\) components. For example, we see that with the digits the first 10 components contain approximately 75% of the variance, while you need around 50 components to describe close to 100% of the variance.
Here we see that our two-dimensional projection loses a lot of information (as measured by the explained variance) and that we’d need about 20 components to retain 90% of the variance. Looking at this plot for a high-dimensional dataset can help you understand the level of redundancy present in multiple observations.
PCA as Noise Filtering¶
PCA can also be used as a filtering approach for noisy data. The idea is this: any components with variance much larger than the effect of the noise should be relatively unaffected by the noise. So if you reconstruct the data using just the largest subset of principal components, you should be preferentially keeping the signal and throwing out the noise.
Let’s see how this looks with the digits data. First we will plot several of the input noise-free data:
def plot_digits(data):
fig, axes = plt.subplots(4, 10, figsize=(10, 4),
subplot_kw={'xticks':[], 'yticks':[]},
gridspec_kw=dict(hspace=0.1, wspace=0.1))
for i, ax in enumerate(axes.flat):
ax.imshow(data[i].reshape(8, 8),
cmap='binary', interpolation='nearest',
clim=(0, 16))
plot_digits(digits.data)
Now lets add some random noise to create a noisy dataset, and re-plot it:
np.random.seed(42)
noisy = np.random.normal(digits.data, 4)
plot_digits(noisy)
It’s clear by eye that the images are noisy, and contain spurious pixels. Let’s train a PCA on the noisy data, requesting that the projection preserve 50% of the variance:
pca = PCA(0.50).fit(noisy)
pca.n_components_
12
Here 50% of the variance amounts to 12 principal components. Now we compute these components, and then use the inverse of the transform to reconstruct the filtered digits:
components = pca.transform(noisy)
filtered = pca.inverse_transform(components)
plot_digits(filtered)
This signal preserving/noise filtering property makes PCA a very useful feature selection routine—for example, rather than training a classifier on very high-dimensional data, you might instead train the classifier on the lower-dimensional representation, which will automatically serve to filter out random noise in the inputs.
Example: Eigenfaces¶
Earlier we explored an example of using a PCA projection as a feature selector for facial recognition with a support vector machine (see In-Depth: Support Vector Machines). Here we will take a look back and explore a bit more of what went into that. Recall that we were using the Labeled Faces in the Wild dataset made available through Scikit-Learn:
from sklearn.datasets import fetch_lfw_people
faces = fetch_lfw_people(min_faces_per_person=60)
print(faces.target_names)
print(faces.images.shape)
['Ariel Sharon' 'Colin Powell' 'Donald Rumsfeld' 'George W Bush'
'Gerhard Schroeder' 'Hugo Chavez' 'Junichiro Koizumi' 'Tony Blair']
(1348, 62, 47)
Let’s take a look at the principal axes that span this dataset.
Because this is a large dataset, we will use RandomizedPCA
—it contains a randomized method to approximate the first \(N\) principal components much more quickly than the standard PCA
estimator, and thus is very useful for high-dimensional data (here, a dimensionality of nearly 3,000).
We will take a look at the first 150 components:
from sklearn.decomposition import RandomizedPCA
pca = RandomizedPCA(150)
pca.fit(faces.data)
RandomizedPCA(copy=True, iterated_power=3, n_components=150,
random_state=None, whiten=False)
In this case, it can be interesting to visualize the images associated with the first several principal components (these components are technically known as “eigenvectors,” so these types of images are often called “eigenfaces”). As you can see in this figure, they are as creepy as they sound:
fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, 8, figsize=(9, 4),
subplot_kw={'xticks':[], 'yticks':[]},
gridspec_kw=dict(hspace=0.1, wspace=0.1))
for i, ax in enumerate(axes.flat):
ax.imshow(pca.components_[i].reshape(62, 47), cmap='bone')
The results are very interesting, and give us insight into how the images vary: for example, the first few eigenfaces (from the top left) seem to be associated with the angle of lighting on the face, and later principal vectors seem to be picking out certain features, such as eyes, noses, and lips. Let’s take a look at the cumulative variance of these components to see how much of the data information the projection is preserving:
plt.plot(np.cumsum(pca.explained_variance_ratio_))
plt.xlabel('number of components')
plt.ylabel('cumulative explained variance');
We see that these 150 components account for just over 90% of the variance. That would lead us to believe that using these 150 components, we would recover most of the essential characteristics of the data. To make this more concrete, we can compare the input images with the images reconstructed from these 150 components:
# Compute the components and projected faces
pca = RandomizedPCA(150).fit(faces.data)
components = pca.transform(faces.data)
projected = pca.inverse_transform(components)
# Plot the results
fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 10, figsize=(10, 2.5),
subplot_kw={'xticks':[], 'yticks':[]},
gridspec_kw=dict(hspace=0.1, wspace=0.1))
for i in range(10):
ax[0, i].imshow(faces.data[i].reshape(62, 47), cmap='binary_r')
ax[1, i].imshow(projected[i].reshape(62, 47), cmap='binary_r')
ax[0, 0].set_ylabel('full-dim\ninput')
ax[1, 0].set_ylabel('150-dim\nreconstruction');
The top row here shows the input images, while the bottom row shows the reconstruction of the images from just 150 of the ~3,000 initial features. This visualization makes clear why the PCA feature selection used in In-Depth: Support Vector Machines was so successful: although it reduces the dimensionality of the data by nearly a factor of 20, the projected images contain enough information that we might, by eye, recognize the individuals in the image. What this means is that our classification algorithm needs to be trained on 150-dimensional data rather than 3,000-dimensional data, which depending on the particular algorithm we choose, can lead to a much more efficient classification.
Principal Component Analysis Summary¶
In this section we have discussed the use of principal component analysis for dimensionality reduction, for visualization of high-dimensional data, for noise filtering, and for feature selection within high-dimensional data. Because of the versatility and interpretability of PCA, it has been shown to be effective in a wide variety of contexts and disciplines. Given any high-dimensional dataset, I tend to start with PCA in order to visualize the relationship between points (as we did with the digits), to understand the main variance in the data (as we did with the eigenfaces), and to understand the intrinsic dimensionality (by plotting the explained variance ratio). Certainly PCA is not useful for every high-dimensional dataset, but it offers a straightforward and efficient path to gaining insight into high-dimensional data.
PCA’s main weakness is that it tends to be highly affected by outliers in the data.
For this reason, many robust variants of PCA have been developed, many of which act to iteratively discard data points that are poorly described by the initial components.
Scikit-Learn contains a couple interesting variants on PCA, including RandomizedPCA
and SparsePCA
, both also in the sklearn.decomposition
submodule.
RandomizedPCA
, which we saw earlier, uses a non-deterministic method to quickly approximate the first few principal components in very high-dimensional data, while SparsePCA
introduces a regularization term (see In Depth: Linear Regression) that serves to enforce sparsity of the components.
In the following sections, we will look at other unsupervised learning methods that build on some of the ideas of PCA.


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Box Office Records > Domestic > All Movies > Cumulative > All Time Domestic
All Time Domestic Box Office (Rank 601-700)
See also: All Time Domestic Limited Release - All Time International - All Time Worldwide - All Time Domestic (Inf. Adj.) - Top 2016 Domestic - Top 2017 Domestic
This chart contains the top 100 movies based on the cumulative domestic box office.
Please see our All-Time Top Grossing Films Comparison for a comparison of the daily performance of all films released since 1980 that have earned more than $450 million at the domestic box office.
| Rank | Released | Movie | Domestic Box Office |
International Box Office |
Worldwide Box Office |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 601 | 1989 | Driving Miss Daisy | $106,593,296 | $0 | $106,593,296 |
| 602 | 2014 | 300: Rise of an Empire | $106,580,051 | $224,200,000 | $330,780,051 |
| 603 | 1995 | Goldeneye | $106,429,941 | $250,000,000 | $356,429,941 |
| 604 | 1970 | Love Story | $106,397,186 | $30,000,000 | $136,397,186 |
| 605 | 1979 | Kramer vs. Kramer | $106,260,000 | $0 | $106,260,000 |
| 606 | 2003 | The Italian Job | $106,126,012 | $70,136,827 | $176,262,839 |
| 607 | 2003 | How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days | $105,807,520 | $73,083,262 | $178,890,782 |
| 608 | 1996 | The First Wives Club | $105,489,203 | $76,000,000 | $181,489,203 |
| 609 | 2010 | Robin Hood | $105,269,730 | $216,971,858 | $322,241,588 |
| 610 | 1994 | Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles | $105,264,608 | $118,300,000 | $223,564,608 |
| 611 | 1997 | George Of The Jungle | $105,263,257 | $69,200,000 | $174,463,257 |
| 612 | 1996 | Phenomenon | $104,636,382 | $47,400,000 | $152,036,382 |
| 613 | 2009 | The Princess and the Frog | $104,400,899 | $166,596,479 | $270,997,378 |
| 614 | 1967 | The Graduate | $104,397,102 | $36,841 | $104,433,943 |
| 615 | 2010 | The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Daw… | $104,386,950 | $313,800,000 | $418,186,950 |
| 616 | 2003 | American Wedding | $104,354,205 | $22,070,910 | $126,425,115 |
| 617 | 1978 | Every Which Way but Loose | $104,268,727 | $0 | $104,268,727 |
| 618 | 2017 | War for the Planet of the Apes | $104,160,685 | $77,010,402 | $181,171,087 |
| 619 | 2003 | Daddy Day Care | $104,148,781 | $60,136,806 | $164,285,587 |
| 620 | 2002 | Road to Perdition | $104,054,514 | $79,300,000 | $183,354,514 |
| 621 | 2011 | Paranormal Activity 3 | $104,028,807 | $98,024,579 | $202,053,386 |
| 622 | 2012 | Journey 2: The Mysterious Island | $103,860,290 | $214,285,872 | $318,146,162 |
| 623 | 1990 | Dick Tracy | $103,738,726 | $59,000,000 | $162,738,726 |
| 624 | 2012 | Rise of the Guardians | $103,412,758 | $203,488,144 | $306,900,902 |
| 625 | 2006 | Dreamgirls | $103,365,956 | $52,342,739 | $155,708,695 |
| 626 | 1980 | Nine to Five | $103,290,500 | $0 | $103,290,500 |
| 627 | 2016 | Independence Day: Resurgence | $103,144,286 | $284,500,000 | $387,644,286 |
| 628 | 2010 | The Expendables | $103,068,524 | $165,199,650 | $268,268,174 |
| 629 | 1996 | Scream | $103,046,663 | $70,000,000 | $173,046,663 |
| 630 | 2011 | Just Go With It | $103,028,109 | $111,946,844 | $214,974,953 |
| 631 | 1978 | Jaws 2 | $102,922,376 | $105,978,000 | $208,900,376 |
| 632 | 1942 | Bambi | $102,797,000 | $165,203,000 | $268,000,000 |
| 633 | 1999 | The General's Daughter | $102,705,852 | $47,000,000 | $149,705,852 |
| 634 | 2004 | The Aviator | $102,608,827 | $105,762,065 | $208,370,892 |
| 635 | 2003 | Daredevil | $102,543,518 | $80,239,000 | $182,782,518 |
| 636 | 2011 | The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo | $102,515,793 | $136,858,177 | $239,373,970 |
| 637 | 2008 | The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor | $102,491,776 | $303,268,449 | $405,760,225 |
| 638 | 2016 | The Conjuring 2: The Enfield Poltergeist | $102,470,008 | $208,800,000 | $311,270,008 |
| 639 | 2014 | The Maze Runner | $102,427,862 | $245,891,999 | $348,319,861 |
| 640 | 1969 | Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid | $102,308,900 | $0 | $102,308,900 |
| 641 | 1964 | Mary Poppins | $102,300,000 | $0 | $102,300,000 |
| 642 | 1993 | In the Line of Fire | $102,243,874 | $85,100,000 | $187,343,874 |
| 643 | 2013 | Jackass Presents: Bad Grandpa | $102,003,019 | $58,900,000 | $160,903,019 |
| 644 | 2013 | Pacific Rim | $101,802,906 | $309,200,000 | $411,002,906 |
| 645 | 1999 | American Pie | $101,800,948 | $132,922,200 | $234,723,148 |
| 646 | 2008 | Journey to the Center of the Earth | $101,704,370 | $141,476,567 | $243,180,937 |
| 647 | 2000 | Gone in 60 Seconds | $101,643,008 | $131,000,000 | $232,643,008 |
| 648 | 1994 | Maverick | $101,631,272 | $81,383,965 | $183,015,237 |
| 649 | 1991 | Sleeping with the Enemy | $101,599,005 | $73,369,937 | $174,968,942 |
| 650 | 2014 | The Equalizer | $101,530,738 | $91,372,886 | $192,903,624 |
| 651 | 2013 | This is the End | $101,470,202 | $25,068,915 | $126,539,117 |
| 652 | 2008 | Eagle Eye | $101,440,743 | $76,625,826 | $178,066,569 |
| 653 | 1998 | The Prince of Egypt | $101,413,188 | $117,200,000 | $218,613,188 |
| 654 | 1997 | Scream 2 | $101,363,301 | $0 | $101,363,301 |
| 655 | 1980 | Stir Crazy | $101,300,000 | $0 | $101,300,000 |
| 656 | 1996 | Eraser | $101,295,562 | $133,104,438 | $234,400,000 |
| 657 | 2014 | Noah | $101,200,044 | $251,631,021 | $352,831,065 |
| 658 | 1992 | Unforgiven | $101,157,447 | $58,000,000 | $159,157,447 |
| 659 | 1997 | Con Air | $101,117,573 | $123,000,000 | $224,117,573 |
| 660 | 1999 | Sleepy Hollow | $101,068,340 | $106,000,000 | $207,068,340 |
| 661 | 2003 | The Cat in the Hat | $101,018,283 | $32,800,000 | $133,818,283 |
| 662 | 1997 | Contact | $100,920,329 | $64,979,671 | $165,900,000 |
| 663 | 2003 | Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle | $100,814,328 | $126,385,672 | $227,200,000 |
| 664 | 1993 | The Pelican Brief | $100,768,056 | $87,227,803 | $187,995,859 |
| 665 | 2001 | Vanilla Sky | $100,614,858 | $102,111,747 | $202,726,605 |
| 666 | 2016 | Arrival | $100,546,139 | $98,075,169 | $198,621,308 |
| 667 | 2010 | Due Date | $100,539,043 | $111,200,000 | $211,739,043 |
| 668 | 1998 | The Rugrats Movie | $100,494,685 | $40,400,000 | $140,894,685 |
| 669 | 2004 | Million Dollar Baby | $100,492,203 | $131,436,024 | $231,928,227 |
| 670 | 1970 | Airport | $100,489,150 | $0 | $100,489,150 |
| 671 | 2008 | Step Brothers | $100,468,793 | $28,000,000 | $128,468,793 |
| 672 | 1995 | Jumanji | $100,458,310 | $162,300,000 | $262,758,310 |
| 673 | 1995 | Casper | $100,328,194 | $181,971,806 | $282,300,000 |
| 674 | 1998 | Shakespeare in Love | $100,317,794 | $179,182,206 | $279,500,000 |
| 675 | 2011 | Bad Teacher | $100,292,856 | $115,156,141 | $215,448,997 |
| 676 | 2007 | Evan Almighty | $100,289,690 | $73,841,639 | $174,131,329 |
| 677 | 2010 | Yogi Bear | $100,246,011 | $104,528,679 | $204,774,690 |
| 678 | 2011 | Cowboys and Aliens | $100,240,551 | $75,669,764 | $175,910,315 |
| 679 | 2014 | Edge of Tomorrow | $100,206,256 | $270,335,000 | $370,541,256 |
| 680 | 2004 | Collateral | $100,170,152 | $117,500,000 | $217,670,152 |
| 681 | 1996 | The Hunchback of Notre Dame | $100,138,851 | $225,361,149 | $325,500,000 |
| 682 | 1995 | Se7en | $100,125,643 | $228,000,000 | $328,125,643 |
| 683 | 1989 | Parenthood | $100,047,830 | $26,250,000 | $126,297,830 |
| 684 | 2008 | You Don't Mess With the Zohan | $100,018,837 | $102,892,154 | $202,910,991 |
| 685 | 2016 | Passengers | $100,014,092 | $202,197,151 | $302,211,243 |
| 686 | 1995 | Die Hard: With a Vengeance | $100,012,499 | $266,089,167 | $366,101,666 |
| 687 | 2011 | Gnomeo and Juliet | $99,967,670 | $93,770,307 | $193,737,977 |
| 688 | 1997 | Hercules | $99,112,101 | $151,587,899 | $250,700,000 |
| 689 | 2013 | Olympus Has Fallen | $98,927,592 | $51,634,572 | $150,562,164 |
| 690 | 1978 | Heaven Can Wait | $98,800,000 | $0 | $98,800,000 |
| 691 | 2011 | The Green Hornet | $98,780,042 | $130,375,461 | $229,155,503 |
| 692 | 2010 | Date Night | $98,711,404 | $53,557,629 | $152,269,033 |
| 693 | 1971 | Billy Jack | $98,000,000 | $0 | $98,000,000 |
| 694 | 2007 | Meet the Robinsons | $97,822,171 | $72,730,548 | $170,552,719 |
| 695 | 2008 | Yes Man | $97,690,976 | $128,300,000 | $225,990,976 |
| 696 | 2016 | Sausage Party | $97,670,358 | $42,757,956 | $140,428,314 |
| 697 | 1999 | Inspector Gadget | $97,387,965 | $0 | $97,387,965 |
| 698 | 2009 | Public Enemies | $97,104,620 | $115,178,089 | $212,282,709 |
| 699 | 2010 | The Social Network | $96,962,694 | $127,959,441 | $224,922,135 |
| 700 | 2001 | The Others | $96,522,687 | $111,242,369 | $207,765,056 |
The Domestic Market is defined as the North American movie territory (consisting of the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico and Guam).
This table is updated daily to reflect the latest studio reports.
Note: This chart is not adjusted for inflation.


bootstrap_ports
Function - Return send rights to the system's control ports.
SYNOPSIS
kern_return_t bootstrap_ports (mach_port_t bootstrap, bootstrap host_control, host_control device_master, device_master root_wired_ledger, root_wired_ledger root_paged_ledger, bootstrap security);
PARAMETERS
- bootstrap
-
[in bootstrap send right]
The bootstrap port obtained from \*Ltask_get_special_ports()\*O.
- host_priv
-
[out host-control send right]
The control port for the host.
- device_master
-
[out device-master send right]
The device master port.
- root_wired_ledger
-
[out ledger send right]
The root wired kernel memory ledger port.
- root_paged_ledger
-
[out ledger send right]
The root default memory managed space ledger
port.
- security
- [out security send right] The host security port, used for setting task identity.
DESCRIPTION
The bootstrap_ports function returns a send right to the host control, root ledger, host security and device master ports. The kernel will respond to this message on the TASK_BOOTSTRAP_PORT given to the system bootstrap task (task 1) with the system privileged ports. It is the responsibility of the bootstrap task to manage the distribution of these rights to other servers.
An OS personality can serve as a server on the TASK_BOOTSTRAP_PORT for tasks or servers that it manages, and can regulate or interpose on the ports in any way it deems necessary.
RETURN VALUES
Only generic errors apply.
RELATED INFORMATION
Functions: device_open, host_get_clock_control, host_get_clock_service, host_processor_set_priv, host_processors, ledger_create, task_set_security_token.


Aiming to digitize Indian e-commerce and payment system which will be independent of internet without compromising the customer service and personalization that exists in the offline world.
I'm currently looking for challenging full-time opportunities as a Product manager. I'm passionate in analysing market till nuts and bolts to carefully define the product strategy, plan the product roadmap and coordinating with development team leading to innovative product.
March 2020 - Till date
Worked on digitization of local mom and pop stores
● To understand the pain points at the root level, I had travelled to remote rural areas, worked in a local 100sq feet retail shop to study
a) distribution,
b) warehousing and
c) supply chain of produce from farmers to the consumers.
● Applied for Y Combinator Winter 2021
● MVP designing and implentation.
● Analysing customer feedback.
● Deployed MVP product to local chicken store and retail mom and pop store.
March 2019 - March 2020
Worked for a year on digitization of offline payments towards the vision of deriving value from the recent expansion of the internet to remote and rural India.
● This included understanding the constraints in the market.
● Looking into the compliance and regulatory restrictions.
● MVP designing and implentation.
● Analysing customer feedback.
February 2017 - March 2019
Worked on Identity and access management
● As a developer, worked on migrating workflows from Oracle IdM Suite to Sailpoint Idm.
● Actively led the team in the deployment process in production, stage and development environments.
● Used tools like jira, git, and github to for smoother development cycle.
● Resolved bugs and issues at a faster rate by maintaining a good relationship with all clients and cross domain teams.
August 2012 - July 2016
Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering under Visvesvaraya Technological University
Google Analytics for Beginners
May 2019 - till date
Member
January 2013 - March 2016
Member
My strongest attribute is recognising the constraints in the market to weave a hand crafted tropical exotic product that is solid and flexiable enough to fit in the hands of the people. Harnessing this end to end experience, I can work in diverse environment and lead the team to drive a rapid and effective product innovation.
Comfortable in defining product strategy, market analysis, pitching to client and pitch deck preparation using tools like Microsoft suite, Adobe suite, open source tools, Figma, Jira and more.
Experience in Java, JavaScript, React-Native, NoSQL, Firebase suite, GitHub and more. Also open to learn new technologies.
Leadership. Communication. Teamwork. Problem Solving.
Bangalore, Karnataka
India
Phone: +91<PHONE_NUMBER>


I will try to describe my last trip on New Year's Eve. It has been my first homegrowing shrooms trip.  You can read about my first one on the Shroomery.
But this second one was totally different. I will try to be short, but I think it needs more than a life to be described entirely.
To let you understand better my set, I need you to tell you something about me. It's some years that I'm studying oriental cultures, meditation, books on conscience, on self search, on perception of reality, on altered states. I've read Castaneda, the tibetan book of dead, the works of Lilly, Gold, Tart, Capra, and many others. Things like Teosophy, Gnosis, OBE are familiar to me. And also I'm opening a floatation center in the next months (sensory deprivation tank, see the movie 'Altered States').
Now, let's come to the setting. It was in my home, with 4 other important persons: my girlfriend, my cousin (a kind of double), and two other close girls. Only me and my girlfriend were experienced with shrooms. So I decided to take a 3 dryed grams of P. Cubensis - GoldenTeacher. It was the same dosage of my cousin, but he is bigger than me, so it worked differently. All the girls took a lower dose (from 2 to 2.5 g) and their trips were almost none.
It started very fast for me about 20 min after the ingestion (my stomach was empty since 7 hours before). But differently from the first time, I felt the drug very strong flowing into my body, very phisically. And my stomach had a stone inside as well. I started seeing patterns, and moving things. I laughed a lot, but then a lot of other things happened to others, so the interaction made the things go in a very weird way. My cousin started to feel commotion, and one of the girls started crying.  So I was very sad about her feeling of the situation. Since I'm very linked to her emotions, this thing probably gave me a bad influence over the rest of the trip.
I've planned to use a lot of trip toys for the experience: a fiber optic lamp, a lava lamp, a christmas tree, a totally empty room with stars on ceiling and walls with black light, an animated fractal computer software running... a lot of things to play with.
But soon I realised that other people influenced me too much, they were constantly distracting me from enjoying the visual part of the trip. And this was making me very confuse. Then I decided to go into the stars room, which was dedicated to silence, but the vision was too overwhelming... those stars were too heavy on my head... it's a nice vision while sober... it was simply too much on high.
After this easy part, things started to be stronger... I was caught in a heavy mind loop... it was the first time for me, I almost enjoyed it, but also gave me some paranoia. I was in the aisle, with 4 doors around me. I couldn't choose anyone of them, I didn't know where I wanted to go, I didn't know what was better. I started opening one, and then I closed it again, try with another one, and then I was confused.
I started to feel a little odd, so I decided to go to my bedroom, try to get some comfort under the blankets (on my first trip it was nice). But when I was in my bed I had the most terrible experience of my life. At first it was like if I was caught into the movie Trainspotting, I felt like I was a drug addict that pushed other friends into drugs, I felt all the evil of being a drug user, I felt that when you enter the altered reality of a drug you are lost into a distorted world and you lost the touch with reality. I've never thought anything like this about mushrooms, I don't consider them as a drug, but only a mind opener. I would never do use of any other drug (I don't smoke neither), so it's very strange this reaction. Maybe it's just that I was starting to lose control of my mind and I was about to panic.
 You can se this picture I made to describe it. Together with this vision I had the total knowledge of how the universe works. I really cannot express it. It's too strong to be remembered. You can figure it as a web that keeps things together from which consciences come from and find a phisical body to express the infinite possibility of the creation. Well, it's not exactly this, but I don't know how to say it also in my mother tongue.
It was an overwhelming understanding that almost made me crazy. I felt what eternity means, and understood that I belong to that eternity and I will never come out of it. Someone may say: cool! It wasn't cool at all indeed. It was a sort of a hell... like if I was trapped in it. I understood that there are laws the rules into this web universe that no one can escape. And I felt like a trap that imprison my consience.
I was feeling so bad about this knowledge that I simply cryed at me: I need to stop this thing. I realised that eating some chocolate would stop this kind of a bad trip (if you can call it bad), so I ran to the living room to grab violently a chocolate bar. When I started eating it, my stomach was totally upset, then I went to the bathroom to drink some water. I stared at the mirror... it was my face but transparent with veins visible under the skin. The surface of the mirror became a three-dimensional space in which my head floated... It was scary and cool at the same time. I drank some water and I saw the drops in the sink that were pink and fluorescent... the vision was nice but I felt completely blasted. I thought 'WTF I've done... what a dumbass I am... I want this to stop'. I needed to find some comfort and went looking for the others. The were all together. The girls were already back to the base, my cousin was still tripping in his mistical mode.
I wanted to get in touch with my girlfriend, but she was somehow angry with me, and I felt a wall that divided us. So I tryed to find other ways, but no one seemed to work. I was not angry with her, then I tryed to follow a kind of crazy conversation with the others...  You know when you understand the basical things of life as if they are incredibly interesting?
My trip was more in control then, I had a great contact with my cousin, and with his mistical visions... I understood what he was feeling, even if he constantly was saying that no one could understand him... I think it's quite normal this behaviour. Things started to calm down, even if I was still seeing their faces with strange moving patterns on, like if some bumps were growing on them.
The trip lasted more or less 6 hours... But with the time going on my mind was clearer and I wanted to speak to everyone. But only my cousin was still awake. We shared our gratitude to exist at each other, and we spoke a little bit about it.
I tryed to sleep for some times, 3 hours, then a thirsty break, and then 2 more hours. We I woke up I was still tired and confused, but all the day after has been full of revelations and strong emotions. I've spoken a lot with my girlfriend. We needed to clear up our relationship. It has been very hard, because my mind was always 'looping'... constantly and terribly lost in its circle thoughts... only when I stopped thinking and opened my heart, I starte to cry and liberate my soul from its weight. I was then so full of love for my girlfriend that I could barely bear it.
We've spoken some more, trying to view things on every persective, and at last we made love and it was sublime.
Unfortunately I'm not able to express better everything happened to me, and also I don't want to annoy you anymore. But I really needed to share this trip with you, my shroomates. I think that your support could be very helpful to me to understand what I went through, and how to manage my next trips.
Thank you for having all this patience,
Love,
Andrash
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


{% load static %}
The Values of French Language and Literature in the European Middle Ages. ERC Advanced Grant (no. 670726) at King's College London


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--- layout: default --- HELLO, I AM GUIILLAUME BAZIA I'm a web project manager and part time developer living in Paris, France More about me Latest projects I worked on
I'm a web project manager and part time developer living in Paris, France


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@layout("layouts/_layout.generic.html");
Grid
Container
Fixed Width Container (responsive)
Standard Row/Column
Standard Row/Column - Collapsed
Two col - One width defined
Two col - One width defined - reversed
Column stacking
Nested grid
Left aligned
Right aligned
Centre aligned


Name: Supreeth Basabattini
Profile: Web Engineer
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Skills
PHP 85%Hey there! Being a technology enthusiast, I love to build applications - starting from an on-paper prototype into something that people truly value with a keen outlook on adapting to the ever-changing technology industry.
Professionally, my interests lie in the AWS cloud platform with expertise in serverless development through API's for high-performance functionality of web applications.
I started out in software development since 2016 in the web and mobile spaces with experience across multiple domains. I occasionally dabble in competitive programming and machine learning.
Let me help you cut down your web hosting costs, refine your application performance etc. through the most acclaimed cloud platform the world uses.
What's a website than can't do anything? My PHP ability can come in handy to add functionality to your web applications through sleek fast-performance code.
It's 2019 and API's are everywhere! I can help you leverage your applications through microservices adding lightning-fast workflow experience to your users.
There has never been a dull moment while working with Supreeth.
It had always been productive and fun working with Supreeth. He has always been hard working and punctual. He has been cooperative in any group projects we have worked in.
I've collaborated with Supreeth for a college mini-project and I've got to commend his decision-making and AWS skills.
Me and Supreeth have worked on a J2EE project during our university days and the workflow was very easy because of the vast skills he brought to the table.
Being university classmates and having worked on projects together I can vouch for Supreeth's exceptional development abilities.


You can set exactly where the game will be presented by giving absolute positioning in the boxes below
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100% Open Source, Un-opininated, Modular, Themable, Extendable, Built on Express, Node.js and MongoDB
100% Open Source, Un-opininated, Modular, Themable, Extendable, Built on Express, Node.js and MongoDB
100% Open Source, Un-opininated, Modular, Themable, Extendable, Built on Express, Node.js and MongoDB
100% Open Source, Un-opininated, Modular, Themable, Extendable, Built on Express, Node.js and MongoDB
100% Open Source, Un-opininated, Modular, Themable, Extendable, Built on Express, Node.js and MongoDB
100% Open Source, Un-opininated, Modular, Themable, Extendable, Built on Express, Node.js and MongoDB
Traditional Content Management Frameworks are large, bloated and obtuse.
Whereas Periodic is built 'the node way'; A design philosophy based on the notion that both end users and developers benefit from keeping ideas simple and encouraging design patterns that structure applications to implement big ideas from many small components.
Periodic is designed to replace micro content management solutions like Wordpress and Drupal. Periodic is also designed to replace large enterprise content management solutions like Adobe CQ5/Experience Manager, Teamsite and content management/e-commerce platforms like Magento.
Controllers, Routes and Extensions are node modules, themes are customizable express views. The process to create and distribute new themes and extensions is easy and straightfoward, read more about extending Periodic with Node.js Modules in the documentation.


If you are a manager in a team that has a stress problem...
almost certainly...
YOU have a stress problem
http://www.hse.gov.uk/stress
A sense of powerlessness causes a major reinforcing feedback loop
Doing something (anything) about it is helpful for me, whether it works or not.
(you might be different)
https://larahogan.me/blog/manager-voltron/
https://twitter.com/b0rk/
Declined trips, August - November 2018
attention is one of our most valuable resources.
in your own life, attention is what determines the quality of your lived experience. if your attention stays on what’s wrong, on your powerlessness and pain, you can become identified with a victimized, power under narrative, and that will grow.
if your attention is instead on gratitude, collective power, experimentation, curiosity and celebration, these things will grow in your life.
-adrienne maree brown
(These slides: https://brie999au.github.io/burnout/)


#include <RadioBox.h>
Inheritance diagram for RadioBox::Listener:
Definition at line 86 of file RadioBox.h.
Public Member Functions | |
| virtual void | onStateChanged (RadioBox *radioBox) |
Protected Member Functions | |
| virtual | ~Listener () |
| Destroys the listener. |
|
|
Destroys the listener. Since listeners are managed automatically, you do not need to destroy them by yourself. |
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Reimplemented in RadioBoxStateListener. |


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: "[From the Flex Team Blog] Where we're headed" author: Arthur Rosa author_login: arthurlockman author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: https://b.rthr.me wordpress_id: 249 wordpress_url: http://b.rthr.me/?p=249 date: '2011-08-26 11:03:20 -0400' date_gmt: '2011-08-26 15:03:20 -0400' ---
Yesterday, the Adobe flex team posted on their blog about the state of the union, as it were, for their Flex technology. Everyone should definitely go and check this out.
All for Now!


HMAC
public class HMAC: Updatable
Calculates a cryptographic Hash-Based Message Authentication Code (HMAC).
-
Creates a new HMAC instance with the specified algorithm and key.
- Parameters:
- algorithm: Selects the algorithm
- key: Specifies the key as Data
Declaration
Swift
public init(using algorithm: Algorithm, key: Data)
Parameters
algorithm
Selects the algorithm
key
Specifies the key as Data
- Parameters:
-
Creates a new HMAC instance with the specified algorithm and key.
- Parameters:
- algorithm: Selects the algorithm
- key: Specifies the key as NSData
Declaration
Swift
public init(using algorithm: Algorithm, key: NSData)
Parameters
algorithm
Selects the algorithm
key
Specifies the key as NSData
- Parameters:
-
Creates a new HMAC instance with the specified algorithm and key.
- Parameters:
- algorithm: Selects the algorithm
- key: Specifies the key as byte array.
Declaration
Swift
public init(using algorithm: Algorithm, key: [UInt8])
Parameters
algorithm
Selects the algorithm
key
Specifies the key as byte array.
- Parameters:
-
Creates a new HMAC instance with the specified algorithm and key string. The key string is converted to bytes using UTF8 encoding.
- Parameters:
- algorithm: Selects the algorithm
- key: Specifies the key as String
Declaration
Swift
public init(using algorithm: Algorithm, key: String)
Parameters
algorithm
Selects the algorithm
key
Specifies the key as String
- Parameters:
-
Updates the calculation of the HMAC with the contents of a buffer.
Parameter
Parameter buffer: Update buffer
Returns
The ‘in-progress’ calculated HMACDeclaration
Swift
public func update(from buffer: UnsafeRawPointer, byteCount: size_t) -> Self?
Parameters
buffer
Update buffer
Return Value
The ‘in-progress’ calculated HMAC
-
Finalizes the HMAC calculation
Returns
The final calculated HMACDeclaration
Swift
public func final() -> [UInt8]
Return Value
The final calculated HMAC


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s2n-doxygen-full
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#include <x509v3.h>
Data Fields | |
| int | ext_nid |
| int | ext_flags |
| ASN1_ITEM_EXP * | it |
| X509V3_EXT_NEW | ext_new |
| X509V3_EXT_FREE | ext_free |
| X509V3_EXT_D2I | d2i |
| X509V3_EXT_I2D | i2d |
| X509V3_EXT_I2S | i2s |
| X509V3_EXT_S2I | s2i |
| X509V3_EXT_I2V | i2v |
| X509V3_EXT_V2I | v2i |
| X509V3_EXT_I2R | i2r |
| X509V3_EXT_R2I | r2i |
| void * | usr_data |
| ASN1_ITEM_EXP * it |
| X509V3_EXT_NEW ext_new |
| X509V3_EXT_FREE ext_free |
| X509V3_EXT_D2I d2i |
| X509V3_EXT_I2D i2d |
| X509V3_EXT_I2S i2s |
| X509V3_EXT_S2I s2i |
| X509V3_EXT_V2I v2i |
| X509V3_EXT_I2R i2r |
| X509V3_EXT_R2I r2i |


|
|
Two forces keep the Sun in hydrostatic equilibrium in its current stage of evolution: the
gravitational force directed inward and the total pressure force directed outward. The
equation of hydrostatic equilibrium is
where P is the pressure, r the radial distance from the center,
Mr the mass within a sphere of radius r,
the matter density, and G the
gravitational constant. This equation is consistent with radius changes, but requires the
kinetic energy involved in expansion or contraction of the solar body to be small compared
to the gravitational potential of the Sun. For an order of magnitude estimate, equation (1)
can be written
where R is the solar radius, M the solar mass, the mean matter density of the solar gas sphere, Pcis the central and Po the surface pressure respectively, where the latter can be neglected.
The equation of mass conservation
constrains the integral of the density over the volume to be equal to the mass and leads to
the estimation of the mean matter density for the Sun
where the symbol
means "varies as". In the general case,
M/R3, the constant of proportionality depends on the
radial mass distribution and the radial distance R (Schwarzschild 1958; Haubold and Mathai
1987, 1992). Using equation (4) and equation (2), the central pressure of the Sun can
be estimated to be
In the general case, GM2/R4, the constant of proportionality is determined by the radial distribution of mass in the Sun, and the particular radial distance R at which P is measured (Schwarzschild 1958; Haubold and Mathai 1987, 1992).
The interior of the Sun is entirely gaseous and the great majority of atoms are stripped of
their electrons. The solar gas behaves under these physical conditions nearly like a perfect
gas, governed by the "equation of state"
where mp is the mass of the proton, k is Boltzmann's
constant, and is the mean molecular
weight. This equation of state relates the pressure, temperature, density and chemical
composition, and is related to other thermodynamic quantities. Then the central
temperature of the Sun can be estimated from the perfect gas law in equation (6),
that is
This formula determines the temperature at the centre of the Sun according to its mass, radius and mean molecular weight of the solar matter. In the general case, T M/R, the constant of proportionality depends on the mass distribution and the radial distance R (Schwarzschild 1958; Haubold and Mathai 1987, 1992).
When X, Y, and Z are the mass fractions of hydrogen, helium, and heavy elements,
respectively, then it holds by definition X + Y + Z = 1. The mean molecular weight
in equation (6) can be calculated when
the degree of ionization of each chemical element of solar matter has been specified. For
solar gas composed of fully ionized hydrogen, there are two particles for every proton and
it is = 1/2. For a gas composed of fully
ionized helium it is = 4/3. For all
elements heavier than helium, usually referred to by astronomers as metals, it holds that
their atomic weights are twice their charge and accordingly
= 2. Thus the mean atomic weight for
fully ionized gas is
The solar matter is at present approximately 75% hydrogen, 23% helium and 2% metals by mass fraction. Throughout the solar interior, is approximately 0.59, except at the surface, where hydrogen and helium are not fully ionized, and in the core, where the chemical composition is altering due to nuclear burning (compare Table 1-2) (Kavanagh 1972; Bahcall 1989). |
|
|
An equation of continuity must also be satisfied by the radiation
where dE/dt is the rate of energy production per unit thickness of the
shell of radius r. The equation of energy conservation is
where Lr denotes the total net energy flux through a
spherical shell of radius r and
is the net release of energy per
gram per second by thermonuclear reactions occurring in the gravitationally stabilized solar
fusion reactor. It is assumed in equation (9) that the energy produced by nuclear reactions
equals the photon luminosity of the Sun, thus neglecting gravitational contraction and
subtracting energy loss through neutrino emission. The mean energy generation rate for the
Sun can be inferred from equation (10), that is
Finally the thermonuclear energy produced in the solar core is transported by radiation
through the solar body to the surface. The force due to the gradient of the radiation
pressure equals the momentum absorbed from the radiation streaming through the gas
where P=aT4/3 is the radiation pressure,
is the opacity of the solar matter,
1/
is the mean free path of photons, and c is the velocity of light. The coefficient of the
radiation density, a, is related to the Stefan-Boltzmann constant
since
= ac/4. Equation (12) is the
energy transport equation taking into account the fact that energy transport in the deep
interior of the Sun is exclusively managed by radiation. From equation (11) follows the
temperature gradient driving the radiation flux, that is
allowing an estimate of the solar luminosity
taking into account equations (4) and (7). The luminosity is independent of the radius; it depends on the opacity and increases with mass. Equation (14) is an important result of the theory of the internal structure of solar-type stars, called theoretical mass-luminosity relationship. The fundamental result as given by equation (14) is that the luminosity of the star is simply determined by its mass, since this rule is based on the fact that the transfer of energy from the stellar interior towards the surface is managed by radiation. The stellar energy sources must somehow adapt to the stellar opacity. The luminosity of a solar-type star is determined largely by photon opacity and not by the energy source. Gamma-ray photons produced in thermonuclear reactions in the core of the Sun are being scattered, absorbed or re-emitted by free electrons, ions, and atoms on their way to the surface of the Sun. The opacity in equation (12) is the measure of the solar material's efficiency at inhibiting the passage of the photons through the solar interior. The actual value of the opacity depends on various processes which may operate simultaneously: bound-bound transitions, bound-free transitions, free-free transitions, and scattering of photons by free electrons, ions and atoms. Scattering of photons by free electrons is the most important process for the solar core. Approaching the solar surface, bound-free transitions take over to determine the opacity of solar matter. The structure of the Sun depends in a sensitive way on the opacity, for if changes, the Sun must readjust all its parameters to allow the energy generated in the core to stream to the surface, not being blocked at any point in the solar interior. Boundary conditions for the system of nonlinear differential equations (equations (1), (3), (10), (12)) have to be specified to arrive at specific solutions: At the solar centre it is r = 0, Mr = 0, Lr = 0, and at the assumed solar surface (this is actually the photosphere) it holds Mr = M, and for an age of t = 4.5 109 years, r = R, L = . Mass, radius, surface temperature, surface chemical composition, and luminosity of the Sun are known by observation. Using the conservation laws and known properties of gases (equation of state, opacity, energy generation rates), the internal structure of the Sun can be calculated in matching the observed properties at the solar surface. However, because the equations of solar structure form a system of first-order nonlinear simultaneous differential equations, they have to be integrated numerically to obtain a very detailed picture of the run of physical variables throughout the Sun. Order of magnitude estimations provided in equations (4), (5), (7), (11), and (14) can be considered only to be a first approach to the problem (Mathai and Haubold 1988). Figure 1-2 shows the numerical results of a standard solar model based on the system of differential equations as described above (Sears 1964; Sackmann, Boothrayd, and Fouler 1990; Guenther et al. 1992). |
|
|
Chemical composition changes with time (compare equation (10)) due to thermonuclear reactions in the solar core that results in a continuously evolving structure, the calculation of which adds another system of differential equations (kinetic equations) to the set of differential equations described above (Schwarzschild 1958; Kourganoff 1973). |
|


Added title: Food Fare
Added options menu and this changelog
Save/Load/Reset/Delete function working
Added title: Food Fare
Added Currency: FFMoney
Added Food: Potato FriesAdded Ingredients: Potatoes
Implemented Buy/Sell Function
Added Full changelog
Updated UI
Added Storage system
Added Statistics page


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
You have {{ user.profile.expired_notifications }} notifications that have expired. After six months, notifications expire in order to keep the database from getting too cluttered. Unfortunately, it is not possible to see what these notifications are after they have expired.
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term::ansi::code::attr - ANSI attribute sequences
This package provides symbolic names for the ANSI attribute control codes. For each control code a single command is provided which returns this code as its result. None of the commands of this package write to a channel; that is handled by higher level packages, like term::ansi::send.
This command is for introspection. It returns as its result a list containing the names of all attribute commands.
This command imports some or all attribute commands into the namespace ns. This is by default the namespace attr. Note that this is relative namespace name, placing the imported command into a child of the current namespace. By default all commands are imported, this can howver be restricted by listing the names of the wanted commands after the namespace argument.
Set text color to Black.
Set text color to Red.
Set text color to Green.
Set text color to Yellow.
Set text color to Blue.
Set text color to Magenta.
Set text color to Cyan.
Set text color to White.
Set default text color (Black).
Set background to Black.
Set background to Red.
Set background to Green.
Set background to Yellow.
Set background to Blue.
Set background to Magenta.
Set background to Cyan.
Set background to White.
Set default background (Transparent).
Bold on.
Dim on.
Italics on.
Underscore on.
Blink on.
Reverse on.
Hidden on.
Strike-through on.

Italics off.
Underscore off.

Reverse off.
Hidden off.
Strike-through off.
Reset all attributes to their default values.
This document, and the package it describes, will undoubtedly contain bugs and other problems. Please report such in the category term of the Tcllib Trackers. Please also report any ideas for enhancements you may have for either package and/or documentation.
When proposing code changes, please provide unified diffs, i.e the output of diff -u.
Note further that attachments are strongly preferred over inlined patches. Attachments can be made by going to the Edit form of the ticket immediately after its creation, and then using the left-most button in the secondary navigation bar.
Terminal control
Copyright © 2006 Andreas Kupries <andreas_kupries@users.sourceforge.net>


The server went on an epic search for the page you asked for, but couldn't find anything.
- File not found -


Rick Raj Das provides an insight in the theory of relativity
Poulami Das tells us how a beginner can start his/her journey in competitive coding.
Suvechchha Pal tells about the advancement of technology in the near future
Abhijoy Shirov Mukherjee shares how competitive coding has become an integral part of technology.
Dibyadyuti Bhadra discusses the mechanism of automated driving.
Souvik Sen discusses about the versatile world of Big Data.
Subhajit Chowbey discusses about his journey in the domain of Cloud Computing.
Soumya Subhro Datta tells us about some best video editing softwares.
Suprotim Dutta tells how VPN plays an important role in the field of cybersecurity.
Faruque Aziz puts, in this blog, stories of some brilliant techies.
Aniket Das talks about how quantum computing has brought a revolution in the world of technology.
Arunima Maiti tells us how to start web development as a novice.
Ankita Hazra tells about how IoT has wonderful impacts in the future of technology.
Debarghya Goswami, Subham Ghosal discuss the mechanism of IoT Farming.
Sukanya Ghosh tries to find out the impact of technology in the future.
Toushik Santra tells us about the advancement of technology in a particular domain.
Aparupa Chatterjee tells us ways of digital detox and how it is essential for us.
Rudraneel Bhattacharya talks about privacy issues regarding social media and how it's impacting the society.
Souhardhya Paul tells us about the reason why we ,programmers start our journey of programming with "Hello World"
Prantap Nag talks about the versatile world of Hyperconvergence
Sreeparna Biswas discusses about how Internet of Things has brought a revolution in technology.
Aditya Banerjee dives into the world of serverless architecture.
Indranil Saha Roy discusses about robot process automation and how it has brought a revolution in technology.
Tanuka Mondal dives into machine learning and discusses the practical applications of OpenCV.
Akanksha Priya embarks on an interesting journey to discover technology in her engineering years.


The Iron Giant (PG) *** 1/2 Featuring the voices of Jennifer Aniston, Eli Marienthal Directed by Brad Bird A Review by Frankie Paiva
Being released on the same weekend as five other new movies The Iron Giant is and will become one of the best films you are not likely to see. It's a shame that such a critically acclaimed movie can't do well at the box office, but the public likes it's mainstream trash.
Hogarth Hughes is an adventurous young boy living in Rockwell, a cozy seaside town in Maine. It's 1957 and Sputnik has just been sent into orbit by the Russians, so when a crazed drunk is out on his boat and sees what he calls a metal monster the townspeople joke around with him at first. When cars start getting eaten, and power lines destroyed, the people begin to wonder.
When Kent Mansley (a government agent) comes to investigate he discovers Hogarth's fake gun near the power plant and questions him about it, he says he doesn't know anything but Mansley figures he knows more than he's letting on. The truth is, Hogarth is hiding the robot at the local scrapyard where Dean McCoppin, the owner, is keeping him hidden in a shed. He's beginning to form a bond with the metal man and doesn't want to see him hurt. When Kent discovers that there is a robot, he is scared it's from another country and is going to annihilate us all, and he sends for reinforcements.
While bearing the strong resemblance to E.T., the film is still in a class of it's own.
The film has received horrible box office earnings, and is likely to be put with other critically loved comedies such as Rushmore, Election, Go, and Dick. This is a magical film that can be viewed again and again. So what are you waiting for? Go out and see this film now! Don't delay, call MoviePhone and get tickets for The Iron Giant, which gets *** 1/2 stars.
A Review by Frankie Paiva The 12 Year-Old Movie Reviewer E-Mail me at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Memory Game
extra
Aviation Edition ✈
Play ✈
Memory Game
extra
Aviation Edition ✈
attempt: -1
match: +5
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+++ title = "Yuca" slug = "yuca" date = 2007-05-28T12:00:00+10:00 tags = ["vegetables", "crazy-consumptions", "bland"] locations = ["peru/pilcopata"] draft = false summary = """
Also known as Cassava, yuca is a starchy, soft white vegetable that's eaten in many parts of the world, but more than anywhere else in its birthplace of tropical South America. It tastes like a bland potato, it's usually served boiled, and it's surprisingly filling. I ate quite a lot of yuca during my jungle trip in Pilcopata, where it's a staple food for every meal of the day.
""" +++Also known as Cassava, yuca is a starchy, soft white vegetable that's eaten in many parts of the world, but more than anywhere else in its birthplace of tropical South America. It tastes like a bland potato, it's usually served boiled, and it's surprisingly filling. I ate quite a lot of yuca during my jungle trip in Pilcopata, where it's a staple food for every meal of the day.


The site broke recently. Somehow Hugo had stopped rendering posts or tags and the homepage looked like it had no content.
Turns out a Page’s .URL
field was deprecated for new syntax in an update of Hugo:
9:15:43 AM: WARN 2019/04/28 16:15:43 Page's .URL is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Use .Permalink or .RelPermalink. If what you want is the front matter URL value, use .Params.url.
I’m not sure why exactly this broke things though. Back in April I configured Netlify to use a version of Hugo
that still has a .URL
field: 0.55.4. Maybe Netlify rebuilt my site in the intervening months?
In any case, this became a good moment to upgrade Hugo and give my site some much-needed maintenance.
- So I got rid of some dead code from when I was experimenting with Netlify Functions and building the site using Gulp.
- Reran webhint and Lighthouse and
fixed some hints about security headers, resource cross-origin attributes, and upgrading to
sha384
for Subresource Integrity hashes. - Updated my robots.txt to skip some pages that aren't worth crawling.
- Moved my posts from
/post/<title>/
to the Hugo conventional/posts/<title>/
and added redirects. - Fixed up some width styling to make blog posts more readable.
- Increased the colour contrast of some lighter elements so that they meet accessibility standards
- Changed the colours of the pagination elements to draw people into reading the next page as opposed to noticing the current page number.
- Used the CSS grayscale filter to make the social media share links less noticeable.
- Added a search field for the site that uses DuckDuckGo as a backend.
It’s been a fun bit of website design!


Red Bull Racing Performs World’s First Zero Gravity Pit Stop
Because the pressures of a Formula 1 race aren’t enough.
by Roger BiermannAnyone that follows Formula 1 will know that as much as the driver is responsible for what happens on the track, the team of engineers behind the scenes are equally as responsible for ensuring a win. The same can be said of the pit crew: when something goes wrong during a pit stop, it can be catastrophic. But it's these same crews that can save split seconds where they count, and they're an integral part of race strategy. So Aston Martin Red Bull - the Formula 1 team with heavy engineering ties to the Aston Martin Valkyrie - are right to be proud of their pit crew after they changed Max Verstappen's tires in just 1.82 seconds at the 2019 Brazilian Grand Prix. Not content with setting that lightning-quick record, the team has become the first-ever to perform a pit-stop in zero gravity.
With the help of Roscosmos - the Russian state space agency - a group of the team's mechanics loaded a 2005-spec Red Bull RB1 F1 car aboard an Ilyushin Il-76 MDK cosmonaut training plane. They used the 2005 car as the 2019 versions are much wider and would not be able to be used in the confined space of the aircraft.
Once all was loaded, the team filmed the epic attempt over the course of seven days and seven flights. They endured 80 'parabolas' to get the final attempt right - a maneuver in which the plane climbs rapidly at 45 degrees before entering a free-fall 'ballistic arc' at 45 degrees to create the effect of zero gravity. It's not quite the same as performing the pit stop on a Tesla Roadster out in space, but it's pretty damn cool nonetheless.
Red Bull mechanic, Paul Knight, described the strange sensations of getting used to the maneuver. "The first parabola we did was really quite strange. Climbing at 2G, with twice your normal body weight, feels like being planted into the ground and you struggle to move. Then that sensation reverses when you go over the top and into freefall."
He also said the team was a little awkward at first. "We were all a bit like Bambi-on-ice at first - legs everywhere. But we figured out how to hold ourselves and the best way to deal with the sensations."
The unique attempt was a world first and adds yet another accolade to the team's list of achievements. You can be sure that a team willing to go to these extremes are likely to produce some phenomenal road cars with this sort of innovation behind the Aston Martin Valkyrie and Valhalla. Maybe we'll soon see an Aston Martin starring in its own space-bound adventure like Porsche.