Ribbon Graphs#
This file implements objects called ribbon graphs. These are graphs together with a cyclic ordering of the darts adjacent to each vertex. This data allows us to unambiguously “thicken” the ribbon graph to an orientable surface with boundary. Also, every orientable surface with non-empty boundary is the thickening of a ribbon graph.
AUTHORS:
Pablo Portilla (2016)
- class sage.geometry.ribbon_graph.RibbonGraph(sigma, rho)#
Bases:
SageObject
,UniqueRepresentation
A ribbon graph codified as two elements of a certain permutation group.
A comprehensive introduction on the topic can be found in the beginning of [GGD2011] Chapter 4. More concretely, we will use a variation of what is called in the reference “The permutation representation pair of a dessin”. Note that in that book, ribbon graphs are called “dessins d’enfant”. For the sake on completeness we reproduce an adapted version of that introduction here.
Brief introduction
Let \(\Sigma\) be an orientable surface with non-empty boundary and let \(\Gamma\) be the topological realization of a graph that is embedded in \(\Sigma\) in such a way that the graph is a strong deformation retract of the surface.
Let \(v(\Gamma)\) be the set of vertices of \(\Gamma\), suppose that these are white vertices. Now we mark black vertices in an interior point of each edge. In this way we get a bipartite graph where all the black vertices have valency 2 and there is no restriction on the valency of the white vertices. We call the edges of this new graph darts (sometimes they are also called half edges of the original graph). Observe that each edge of the original graph is formed by two darts.
Given a white vertex \(v \in v(\Gamma)\), let \(d(v)\) be the set of darts adjacent to \(v\). Let \(D(\Gamma)\) be the set of all the darts of \(\Gamma\) and suppose that we enumerate the set \(D(\Gamma)\) and that it has \(n\) elements.
With the orientation of the surface and the embedding of the graph in the surface we can produce two permutations:
A permutation that we denote by \(\sigma\). This permutation is a product of as many cycles as white vertices (that is vertices in \(\Gamma\)). For each vertex consider a small topological circle around it in \(\Sigma\). This circle intersects each adjacent dart once. The circle has an orientation induced by the orientation on \(\Sigma\) and so defines a cycle that sends the number associated to one dart to the number associated to the next dart in the positive orientation of the circle.
A permutation that we denote by \(\rho\). This permutation is a product of as many \(2\)-cycles as edges has \(\Gamma\). It just tells which two darts belong to the same edge.
Abstract definition
Consider a graph \(\Gamma\) (not a priori embedded in any surface). Now we can again consider one vertex in the interior of each edge splitting each edge in two darts. We label the darts with numbers.
We say that a ribbon structure on \(\Gamma\) is a set of two permutations \((\sigma, \rho)\). Where \(\sigma\) is formed by as many disjoint cycles as vertices had \(\Gamma\). And each cycle is a cyclic ordering of the darts adjacent to a vertex. The permutation \(\rho\) just tell us which two darts belong to the same edge.
For any two such permutations there is a way of “thickening” the graph to a surface with boundary in such a way that the surface retracts (by a strong deformation retract) to the graph and hence the graph is embedded in the surface in a such a way that we could recover \(\sigma\) and \(\rho\).
INPUT:
sigma
– a permutation a product of disjoint cycles of any length; singletons (vertices of valency 1) need not be specifiedrho
– a permutation which is a product of disjoint 2-cycles
Alternatively, one can pass in 2 integers and this will construct a ribbon graph with genus
sigma
andrho
boundary components. Seemake_ribbon()
.One can also construct the bipartite graph modeling the corresponding Brieskorn-Pham singularity by passing 2 integers and the keyword
bipartite=True
. Seebipartite_ribbon_graph()
.EXAMPLES:
Consider the ribbon graph consisting of just \(1\) edge and \(2\) vertices of valency \(1\):
sage: s0 = PermutationGroupElement('(1)(2)') sage: r0 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2)') sage: R0 = RibbonGraph(s0,r0); R0 Ribbon graph of genus 0 and 1 boundary components
Consider a graph that has \(2\) vertices of valency \(3\) (and hence \(3\) edges). That is represented by the following two permutations:
sage: s1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,3,5)(2,4,6)') sage: r1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2)(3,4)(5,6)') sage: R1 = RibbonGraph(s1, r1); R1 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components
By drawing the picture in a piece of paper, one can see that its thickening has only \(1\) boundary component. Since the thickening is homotopically equivalent to the graph and the graph has Euler characteristic \(-1\), we find that the thickening has genus \(1\):
sage: R1.number_boundaries() 1 sage: R1.genus() 1
The following example corresponds to the complete bipartite graph of type \((2,3)\), where we have added one more edge \((8,15)\) that ends at a vertex of valency \(1\). Observe that it is not necessary to specify the vertex \((15)\) of valency \(1\) when we define sigma:
sage: s2 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,3,5,8)(2,4,6)') sage: r2 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2)(3,4)(5,6)(8,15)') sage: R2 = RibbonGraph(s2, r2); R1 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: R2.sigma() (1,3,5,8)(2,4,6)
This example is constructed by taking the bipartite graph of type \((3,3)\):
sage: s3 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2,3)(4,5,6)(7,8,9)(10,11,12)(13,14,15)(16,17,18)') sage: r3 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,16)(2,13)(3,10)(4,17)(5,14)(6,11)(7,18)(8,15)(9,12)') sage: R3 = RibbonGraph(s3, r3); R3 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 3 boundary components
The labeling of the darts can omit some numbers:
sage: s4 = PermutationGroupElement('(3,5,10,12)') sage: r4 = PermutationGroupElement('(3,10)(5,12)') sage: R4 = RibbonGraph(s4,r4); R4 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components
The next example is the complete bipartite graph of type \((3,3)\), where we have added an edge that ends at a vertex of valency 1:
sage: s5 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2,3)(4,5,6)(7,8,9)(10,11,12)(13,14,15)(16,17,18,19)') sage: r5 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,16)(2,13)(3,10)(4,17)(5,14)(6,11)(7,18)(8,15)(9,12)(19,20)') sage: R5 = RibbonGraph(s5,r5); R5 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 3 boundary components sage: C = R5.contract_edge(9); C Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 3 boundary components sage: C.sigma() (1,2,3)(4,5,6)(7,8,9)(10,11,12)(13,14,15)(16,17,18) sage: C.rho() (1,16)(2,13)(3,10)(4,17)(5,14)(6,11)(7,18)(8,15)(9,12) sage: S = R5.reduced(); S Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 3 boundary components sage: S.sigma() (5,6,8,9,14,15,11,12) sage: S.rho() (5,14)(6,11)(8,15)(9,12) sage: R5.boundary() [[1, 16, 17, 4, 5, 14, 15, 8, 9, 12, 10, 3], [2, 13, 14, 5, 6, 11, 12, 9, 7, 18, 19, 20, 20, 19, 16, 1], [3, 10, 11, 6, 4, 17, 18, 7, 8, 15, 13, 2]] sage: S.boundary() [[5, 14, 15, 8, 9, 12], [6, 11, 12, 9, 14, 5], [8, 15, 11, 6]] sage: R5.homology_basis() [[[5, 14], [13, 2], [1, 16], [17, 4]], [[6, 11], [10, 3], [1, 16], [17, 4]], [[8, 15], [13, 2], [1, 16], [18, 7]], [[9, 12], [10, 3], [1, 16], [18, 7]]] sage: S.homology_basis() [[[5, 14]], [[6, 11]], [[8, 15]], [[9, 12]]]
We construct a ribbon graph corresponding to a genus 0 surface with 5 boundary components:
sage: R = RibbonGraph(0, 5); R Ribbon graph of genus 0 and 5 boundary components sage: R.sigma() (1,9,7,5,3)(2,4,6,8,10) sage: R.rho() (1,2)(3,4)(5,6)(7,8)(9,10)
We construct the Brieskorn-Pham singularity of type \((2,3)\):
sage: B23 = RibbonGraph(2, 3, bipartite=True); B23 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: B23.sigma() (1,2,3)(4,5,6)(7,8)(9,10)(11,12) sage: B23.rho() (1,8)(2,10)(3,12)(4,7)(5,9)(6,11)
- boundary()#
Return the labeled boundaries of
self
.If you cut the thickening of the graph along the graph. you get a collection of cylinders (recall that the graph was a strong deformation retract of the thickening). In each cylinder one of the boundary components has a labelling of its edges induced by the labelling of the darts.
OUTPUT:
A list of lists. The number of inner lists is the number of boundary components of the surface. Each list in the list consists of an ordered tuple of numbers, each number comes from the number assigned to the corresponding dart before cutting.
EXAMPLES:
We start with a ribbon graph whose thickening has one boundary component. We compute its labeled boundary, then reduce it and compute the labeled boundary of the reduced ribbon graph:
sage: s1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,3,5)(2,4,6)') sage: r1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2)(3,4)(5,6)') sage: R1 = RibbonGraph(s1,r1); R1 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: R1.boundary() [[1, 2, 4, 3, 5, 6, 2, 1, 3, 4, 6, 5]] sage: H1 = R1.reduced(); H1 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: H1.sigma() (3,5,4,6) sage: H1.rho() (3,4)(5,6) sage: H1.boundary() [[3, 4, 6, 5, 4, 3, 5, 6]]
We now consider a ribbon graph whose thickening has 3 boundary components. Also observe that in one of the labeled boundary components, a numbers appears twice in a row. That is because the ribbon graph has a vertex of valency 1:
sage: s2=PermutationGroupElement('(1,2,3)(4,5,6)(7,8,9)(10,11,12)(13,14,15)(16,17,18,19)') sage: r2=PermutationGroupElement('(1,16)(2,13)(3,10)(4,17)(5,14)(6,11)(7,18)(8,15)(9,12)(19,20)') sage: R2 = RibbonGraph(s2,r2) sage: R2.number_boundaries() 3 sage: R2.boundary() [[1, 16, 17, 4, 5, 14, 15, 8, 9, 12, 10, 3], [2, 13, 14, 5, 6, 11, 12, 9, 7, 18, 19, 20, 20, 19, 16, 1], [3, 10, 11, 6, 4, 17, 18, 7, 8, 15, 13, 2]]
- contract_edge(k)#
Return the ribbon graph resulting from the contraction of the
k
-th edge inself
.For a ribbon graph \((\sigma, \rho)\), we contract the edge corresponding to the \(k\)-th transposition of \(\rho\).
INPUT:
k
– non-negative integer; the position in \(\rho\) of the transposition that is going to be contracted
OUTPUT:
a ribbon graph resulting from the contraction of that edge
EXAMPLES:
We start again with the one-holed torus ribbon graph:
sage: s1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,3,5)(2,4,6)') sage: r1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2)(3,4)(5,6)') sage: R1 = RibbonGraph(s1,r1); R1 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: S1 = R1.contract_edge(1); S1 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: S1.sigma() (1,6,2,5) sage: S1.rho() (1,2)(5,6)
However, this ribbon graphs is formed only by loops and hence it cannot be longer reduced, we get an error if we try to contract a loop:
sage: S1.contract_edge(1) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: the edge is a loop and cannot be contracted
In this example, we consider a graph that has one edge
(19,20)
such that one of its ends is a vertex of valency 1. This is the vertex(20)
that is not specified when defining \(\sigma\). We contract precisely this edge and get a ribbon graph with no vertices of valency 1:sage: s2 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2,3)(4,5,6)(7,8,9)(10,11,12)(13,14,15)(16,17,18,19)') sage: r2 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,16)(2,13)(3,10)(4,17)(5,14)(6,11)(7,18)(8,15)(9,12)(19,20)') sage: R2 = RibbonGraph(s2,r2); R2 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 3 boundary components sage: R2.sigma() (1,2,3)(4,5,6)(7,8,9)(10,11,12)(13,14,15)(16,17,18,19) sage: R2c = R2.contract_edge(9); R2; R2c.sigma(); R2c.rho() Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 3 boundary components (1,2,3)(4,5,6)(7,8,9)(10,11,12)(13,14,15)(16,17,18) (1,16)(2,13)(3,10)(4,17)(5,14)(6,11)(7,18)(8,15)(9,12)
- extrude_edge(vertex, dart1, dart2)#
Return a ribbon graph resulting from extruding an edge from a vertex, pulling from it, all darts from
dart1
todart2
including both.INPUT:
vertex
– the position of the vertex in the permutation \(\sigma\), which must have valency at least 2dart1
– the position of the first in the cycle corresponding tovertex
dart2
– the position of the second dart in the cycle corresponding tovertex
OUTPUT:
A ribbon graph resulting from extruding a new edge that pulls from
vertex
a new vertex that is, now, adjacent to all the darts fromdart1``to ``dart2
(not includingdart2
) in the cyclic ordering given by the cycle corresponding tovertex
. Note thatdart1
may be equal todart2
allowing thus to extrude a contractible edge from a vertex.EXAMPLES:
We try several possibilities in the same graph:
sage: s1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,3,5)(2,4,6)') sage: r1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2)(3,4)(5,6)') sage: R1 = RibbonGraph(s1,r1); R1 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: E1 = R1.extrude_edge(1,1,2); E1 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: E1.sigma() (1,3,5)(2,8,6)(4,7) sage: E1.rho() (1,2)(3,4)(5,6)(7,8) sage: E2 = R1.extrude_edge(1,1,3); E2 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: E2.sigma() (1,3,5)(2,8)(4,6,7) sage: E2.rho() (1,2)(3,4)(5,6)(7,8)
We can also extrude a contractible edge from a vertex. This new edge will end at a vertex of valency 1:
sage: E1p = R1.extrude_edge(0,0,0); E1p Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: E1p.sigma() (1,3,5,8)(2,4,6) sage: E1p.rho() (1,2)(3,4)(5,6)(7,8)
In the following example we first extrude one edge from a vertex of valency 3 generating a new vertex of valency 2. Then we extrude a new edge from this vertex of valency 2:
sage: s1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,3,5)(2,4,6)') sage: r1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2)(3,4)(5,6)') sage: R1 = RibbonGraph(s1,r1); R1 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: E1 = R1.extrude_edge(0,0,1); E1 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: E1.sigma() (1,7)(2,4,6)(3,5,8) sage: E1.rho() (1,2)(3,4)(5,6)(7,8) sage: F1 = E1.extrude_edge(0,0,1); F1 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: F1.sigma() (1,9)(2,4,6)(3,5,8)(7,10) sage: F1.rho() (1,2)(3,4)(5,6)(7,8)(9,10)
- genus()#
Return the genus of the thickening of
self
.OUTPUT:
g
– non-negative integer representing the genus of the thickening of the ribbon graph
EXAMPLES:
sage: s1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,3,5)(2,4,6)') sage: r1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2)(3,4)(5,6)') sage: R1 = RibbonGraph(s1,r1) sage: R1.genus() 1 sage: s3=PermutationGroupElement('(1,2,3)(4,5,6)(7,8,9)(10,11,12)(13,14,15,16)(17,18,19,20)(21,22,23,24)') sage: r3=PermutationGroupElement('(1,21)(2,17)(3,13)(4,22)(7,23)(5,18)(6,14)(8,19)(9,15)(10,24)(11,20)(12,16)') sage: R3 = RibbonGraph(s3,r3); R3.genus() 3
- homology_basis()#
Return an oriented basis of the first homology group of the graph.
OUTPUT:
A 2-dimensional array of ordered edges in the graph (given by pairs). The length of the first dimension is \(\mu\). Each row corresponds to an element of the basis and is a circle contained in the graph.
EXAMPLES:
sage: R = RibbonGraph(0,6); R Ribbon graph of genus 0 and 6 boundary components sage: R.mu() 5 sage: R.homology_basis() [[[3, 4], [2, 1]], [[5, 6], [2, 1]], [[7, 8], [2, 1]], [[9, 10], [2, 1]], [[11, 12], [2, 1]]] sage: R = RibbonGraph(1,1); R Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: R.mu() 2 sage: R.homology_basis() [[[2, 5], [4, 1]], [[3, 6], [4, 1]]] sage: H = R.reduced(); H Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: H.sigma() (2,3,5,6) sage: H.rho() (2,5)(3,6) sage: H.homology_basis() [[[2, 5]], [[3, 6]]] sage: s3 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,27,25,23)(12,24,26,28,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22)') sage: r3 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,12)(2,13)(3,14)(4,15)(5,16)(6,17)(7,18)(8,19)(9,20)(10,21)(11,22)(23,24)(25,26)(27,28)') sage: R3 = RibbonGraph(s3,r3); R3 Ribbon graph of genus 5 and 4 boundary components sage: R3.mu() 13 sage: R3.homology_basis() [[[2, 13], [12, 1]], [[3, 14], [12, 1]], [[4, 15], [12, 1]], [[5, 16], [12, 1]], [[6, 17], [12, 1]], [[7, 18], [12, 1]], [[8, 19], [12, 1]], [[9, 20], [12, 1]], [[10, 21], [12, 1]], [[11, 22], [12, 1]], [[23, 24], [12, 1]], [[25, 26], [12, 1]], [[27, 28], [12, 1]]] sage: H3 = R3.reduced(); H3 Ribbon graph of genus 5 and 4 boundary components sage: H3.sigma() (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,27,25,23,24,26,28,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22) sage: H3.rho() (2,13)(3,14)(4,15)(5,16)(6,17)(7,18)(8,19)(9,20)(10,21)(11,22)(23,24)(25,26)(27,28) sage: H3.homology_basis() [[[2, 13]], [[3, 14]], [[4, 15]], [[5, 16]], [[6, 17]], [[7, 18]], [[8, 19]], [[9, 20]], [[10, 21]], [[11, 22]], [[23, 24]], [[25, 26]], [[27, 28]]]
- make_generic()#
Return a ribbon graph equivalent to
self
but where every vertex has valency 3.OUTPUT:
a ribbon graph that is equivalent to
self
but is generic in the sense that all vertices have valency 3
EXAMPLES:
sage: R = RibbonGraph(1,3); R Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 3 boundary components sage: R.sigma() (1,2,3,9,7)(4,8,10,5,6) sage: R.rho() (1,4)(2,5)(3,6)(7,8)(9,10) sage: G = R.make_generic(); G Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 3 boundary components sage: G.sigma() (2,3,11)(5,6,13)(7,8,15)(9,16,17)(10,14,19)(12,18,21)(20,22) sage: G.rho() (2,5)(3,6)(7,8)(9,10)(11,12)(13,14)(15,16)(17,18)(19,20)(21,22) sage: R.genus() == G.genus() and R.number_boundaries() == G.number_boundaries() True sage: R = RibbonGraph(5,4); R Ribbon graph of genus 5 and 4 boundary components sage: R.sigma() (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,27,25,23)(12,24,26,28,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22) sage: R.rho() (1,12)(2,13)(3,14)(4,15)(5,16)(6,17)(7,18)(8,19)(9,20)(10,21)(11,22)(23,24)(25,26)(27,28) sage: G = R.reduced(); G Ribbon graph of genus 5 and 4 boundary components sage: G.sigma() (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,27,25,23,24,26,28,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22) sage: G.rho() (2,13)(3,14)(4,15)(5,16)(6,17)(7,18)(8,19)(9,20)(10,21)(11,22)(23,24)(25,26)(27,28) sage: G.genus() == R.genus() and G.number_boundaries() == R.number_boundaries() True sage: R = RibbonGraph(0,6); R Ribbon graph of genus 0 and 6 boundary components sage: R.sigma() (1,11,9,7,5,3)(2,4,6,8,10,12) sage: R.rho() (1,2)(3,4)(5,6)(7,8)(9,10)(11,12) sage: G = R.reduced(); G Ribbon graph of genus 0 and 6 boundary components sage: G.sigma() (3,4,6,8,10,12,11,9,7,5) sage: G.rho() (3,4)(5,6)(7,8)(9,10)(11,12) sage: G.genus() == R.genus() and G.number_boundaries() == R.number_boundaries() True
- mu()#
Return the rank of the first homology group of the thickening of the ribbon graph.
EXAMPLES:
sage: s1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,3,5)(2,4,6)') sage: r1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2)(3,4)(5,6)') sage: R1 = RibbonGraph(s1,r1);R1 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: R1.mu() 2
- normalize()#
Return an equivalent graph such that the enumeration of its darts exhausts all numbers from 1 to the number of darts.
OUTPUT:
a ribbon graph equivalent to
self
such that the enumeration of its darts exhausts all numbers from 1 to the number of darts.
EXAMPLES:
sage: s0 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,22,3,4,5,6,7,15)(8,16,9,10,11,12,13,14)') sage: r0 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,8)(22,9)(3,10)(4,11)(5,12)(6,13)(7,14)(15,16)') sage: R0 = RibbonGraph(s0,r0); R0 Ribbon graph of genus 3 and 2 boundary components sage: RN0 = R0.normalize(); RN0; RN0.sigma(); RN0.rho() Ribbon graph of genus 3 and 2 boundary components (1,16,2,3,4,5,6,14)(7,15,8,9,10,11,12,13) (1,7)(2,9)(3,10)(4,11)(5,12)(6,13)(8,16)(14,15) sage: s1 = PermutationGroupElement('(5,10,12)(30,34,78)') sage: r1 = PermutationGroupElement('(5,30)(10,34)(12,78)') sage: R1 = RibbonGraph(s1,r1); R1 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: RN1 = R1.normalize(); RN1; RN1.sigma(); RN1.rho() Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components (1,2,3)(4,5,6) (1,4)(2,5)(3,6)
- number_boundaries()#
Return number of boundary components of the thickening of the ribbon graph.
EXAMPLES:
The first example is the ribbon graph corresponding to the torus with one hole:
sage: s1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,3,5)(2,4,6)') sage: r1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2)(3,4)(5,6)') sage: R1 = RibbonGraph(s1,r1) sage: R1.number_boundaries() 1
This example is constructed by taking the bipartite graph of type \((3,3)\):
sage: s2 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2,3)(4,5,6)(7,8,9)(10,11,12)(13,14,15)(16,17,18)') sage: r2 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,16)(2,13)(3,10)(4,17)(5,14)(6,11)(7,18)(8,15)(9,12)') sage: R2 = RibbonGraph(s2,r2) sage: R2.number_boundaries() 3
- reduced()#
Return a ribbon graph with 1 vertex and \(\mu\) edges (where \(\mu\) is the first betti number of the graph).
OUTPUT:
a ribbon graph whose \(\sigma\) permutation has only 1 non-singleton cycle and whose \(\rho\) permutation is a product of \(\mu\) disjoint 2-cycles
EXAMPLES:
sage: s1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,3,5)(2,4,6)') sage: r1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2)(3,4)(5,6)') sage: R1 = RibbonGraph(s1,r1); R1 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: G1 = R1.reduced(); G1 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: G1.sigma() (3,5,4,6) sage: G1.rho() (3,4)(5,6) sage: s2 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2,3)(4,5,6)(7,8,9)(10,11,12)(13,14,15)(16,17,18,19)') sage: r2 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,16)(2,13)(3,10)(4,17)(5,14)(6,11)(7,18)(8,15)(9,12)(19,20)') sage: R2 = RibbonGraph(s2,r2); R2 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 3 boundary components sage: G2 = R2.reduced(); G2 Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 3 boundary components sage: G2.sigma() (5,6,8,9,14,15,11,12) sage: G2.rho() (5,14)(6,11)(8,15)(9,12) sage: s3 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2,3)(4,5,6)(7,8,9)(10,11,12)(13,14,15,16)(17,18,19,20)(21,22,23,24)') sage: r3 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,21)(2,17)(3,13)(4,22)(7,23)(5,18)(6,14)(8,19)(9,15)(10,24)(11,20)(12,16)') sage: R3 = RibbonGraph(s3,r3); R3 Ribbon graph of genus 3 and 1 boundary components sage: G3 = R3.reduced(); G3 Ribbon graph of genus 3 and 1 boundary components sage: G3.sigma() (5,6,8,9,11,12,18,19,20,14,15,16) sage: G3.rho() (5,18)(6,14)(8,19)(9,15)(11,20)(12,16)
- rho()#
Return the permutation \(\rho\) of
self
.EXAMPLES:
sage: s1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,3,5,8)(2,4,6)') sage: r1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2)(3,4)(5,6)(8,15)') sage: R = RibbonGraph(s1, r1) sage: R.rho() (1,2)(3,4)(5,6)(8,15)
- sigma()#
Return the permutation \(\sigma\) of
self
.EXAMPLES:
sage: s1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,3,5,8)(2,4,6)') sage: r1 = PermutationGroupElement('(1,2)(3,4)(5,6)(8,15)') sage: R = RibbonGraph(s1, r1) sage: R.sigma() (1,3,5,8)(2,4,6)
- sage.geometry.ribbon_graph.bipartite_ribbon_graph(p, q)#
Return the bipartite graph modeling the corresponding Brieskorn-Pham singularity.
Take two parallel lines in the plane, and consider \(p\) points in one of them and \(q\) points in the other. Join with a line each point from the first set with every point with the second set. The resulting is a planar projection of the complete bipartite graph of type \((p,q)\). If you consider the cyclic ordering at each vertex induced by the positive orientation of the plane, the result is a ribbon graph whose associated orientable surface with boundary is homeomorphic to the Milnor fiber of the Brieskorn-Pham singularity \(x^p + y^q\). It satisfies that it has \(\gcd(p,q)\) number of boundary components and genus \((pq - p - q - \gcd(p,q) - 2) / 2\).
INPUT:
p
– a positive integerq
– a positive integer
EXAMPLES:
sage: B23 = RibbonGraph(2,3,bipartite=True); B23; B23.sigma(); B23.rho() Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components (1,2,3)(4,5,6)(7,8)(9,10)(11,12) (1,8)(2,10)(3,12)(4,7)(5,9)(6,11) sage: B32 = RibbonGraph(3,2,bipartite=True); B32; B32.sigma(); B32.rho() Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components (1,2)(3,4)(5,6)(7,8,9)(10,11,12) (1,9)(2,12)(3,8)(4,11)(5,7)(6,10) sage: B33 = RibbonGraph(3,3,bipartite=True); B33; B33.sigma(); B33.rho() Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 3 boundary components (1,2,3)(4,5,6)(7,8,9)(10,11,12)(13,14,15)(16,17,18) (1,12)(2,15)(3,18)(4,11)(5,14)(6,17)(7,10)(8,13)(9,16) sage: B24 = RibbonGraph(2,4,bipartite=True); B24; B24.sigma(); B24.rho() Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 2 boundary components (1,2,3,4)(5,6,7,8)(9,10)(11,12)(13,14)(15,16) (1,10)(2,12)(3,14)(4,16)(5,9)(6,11)(7,13)(8,15) sage: B47 = RibbonGraph(4,7, bipartite=True); B47; B47.sigma(); B47.rho() Ribbon graph of genus 9 and 1 boundary components (1,2,3,4,5,6,7)(8,9,10,11,12,13,14)(15,16,17,18,19,20,21)(22,23,24,25,26,27,28)(29,30,31,32)(33,34,35,36)(37,38,39,40)(41,42,43,44)(45,46,47,48)(49,50,51,52)(53,54,55,56) (1,32)(2,36)(3,40)(4,44)(5,48)(6,52)(7,56)(8,31)(9,35)(10,39)(11,43)(12,47)(13,51)(14,55)(15,30)(16,34)(17,38)(18,42)(19,46)(20,50)(21,54)(22,29)(23,33)(24,37)(25,41)(26,45)(27,49)(28,53)
- sage.geometry.ribbon_graph.make_ribbon(g, r)#
Return a ribbon graph whose thickening has genus
g
andr
boundary components.INPUT:
g
– non-negative integer representing the genus of the thickeningr
– positive integer representing the number of boundary components of the thickening
OUTPUT:
a ribbon graph that has 2 vertices (two non-trivial cycles in its sigma permutation) of valency \(2g + r\) and it has \(2g + r\) edges (and hence \(4g + 2r\) darts)
EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.geometry.ribbon_graph import make_ribbon sage: R = make_ribbon(0,1); R Ribbon graph of genus 0 and 1 boundary components sage: R.sigma() () sage: R.rho() (1,2) sage: R = make_ribbon(0,5); R Ribbon graph of genus 0 and 5 boundary components sage: R.sigma() (1,9,7,5,3)(2,4,6,8,10) sage: R.rho() (1,2)(3,4)(5,6)(7,8)(9,10) sage: R = make_ribbon(1,1); R Ribbon graph of genus 1 and 1 boundary components sage: R.sigma() (1,2,3)(4,5,6) sage: R.rho() (1,4)(2,5)(3,6) sage: R = make_ribbon(7,3); R Ribbon graph of genus 7 and 3 boundary components sage: R.sigma() (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,33,31)(16,32,34,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30) sage: R.rho() (1,16)(2,17)(3,18)(4,19)(5,20)(6,21)(7,22)(8,23)(9,24)(10,25)(11,26)(12,27)(13,28)(14,29)(15,30)(31,32)(33,34)


Edgeless Dice Bot v1.0.0
Replace this text with your own SUCCESS text.
You need to fill in the correct ranges for all the required fields.
Initial Wager
Win Probability
Stop Bank
Steps
Reset Step
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Win Streak
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Who Are You?
I'm Arnaud Lacour. Quality's my thing. Even though I'm originally a developer, I've always looked at it from the angle of high availability, reliability, catastrophic recovery and such. On the performance side of things, I like to keep an eye on regressions introduced as more features get added.
What Do You Use Hudson For?
We use (and abuse?) Hudson for a number of things:
- good old continuous build. We have an "instant build" job, roaming among the slaves pool to build the project whenever a commit is detected. That job uses the poll SCM feature and is configured to poll every minute. We've seen that it sometimes can be too long anyway, I'd need to tweak to do incremental updates of the workspace, the difficulty being that it roams, so you're not guaranteed that an existing workspace will be there.
- continuous (errrr, close enough) unit testing. This job is run with 4 types of JVMs: Sun Java 5, Sun Java 6, OpenJDK 7 and BEA JRockit 5 on Windows.
- daily functional tests. This is based on a test suite using IBM's STAF framework and is such that roaming is not possible so these 6 jobs are tied to dedicated slaves.
- continuous upgrade (the project has an upgrade utility that allows the users to upgrade -or downgrade for that matter- from build X to build Y. There's a job that checks that backward and forward compatibility are not broken by new commits. This Hudson job incrementally updates the workspace revision by revision to allow to pinpoint when a problem is introduced.
- continuous perfomance monitoring. We hooked up SLAMD to Hudson to provide continuous performance assessment. This has saved us quite a few times after what seemed like harmless commits decreased the performance of our project.
Build System
Our build system is written in Ant and we use a single project with little to no external dependencies in a java.net subversion repository.
Distributed Builds
The variety of systems we have is the hard thing to manage for us:
- Solaris
- 10
- x86
- x64
- sparc
- 11 (b55 and b69)
- x64
- 10
- Windows
- XP
- x86
- 2000
- x86
- 2003
- x86
- x64
- Vista
- x86
- x64
- XP
- Linux
- 2.6
- x86
- 2.6
There are many more possible conbinations but we just don't have the hardware or the energy (or will) to maintain so many boxes. Also, most of the time exhaustive coverage is not required to catch 90% of issues. It takes very little DOE to figure that out and mixing the platforms was done to maximize the odds of finding those 90% of issues. For some of those OSes, we actually have 2 slaves to be able to execute more tests in parallel. We're closing in on 20 nodes and we're going to add 10 more in the near future for automated real-life deployments simulations.
Managing Slaves
Managing all those slaves can be a chore unless it's done right. At least you have to find what works for you. I found that naming the common root to all things hudson /path/to worked fine for me as it works on Unixes and Windows platform (Ant maps /path/to to \path\to which works fine). Then I do the symlink trick on Unixes and I just install hardwired on Windows. Hudson home is always set to /path/to/hudson for example and Java is always /path/to/java/version/latest. this makes managing the tools dependency maintenance really easy on me. And Hudson configuration is down to the bare minimum.
Leveraging The Plugins Power
All in all, if you looked at other CI tools, nothing comes close to Hudson in terms of usability and serviceability. In our previous CI system, we had poor to no reporting facilities and so Hudson comes as a tremendous improvement. For example, here's a snapshot of our performance job.


{% extends "global/Base.html" %}
{% comment %}
This is a fallback in case the project was created before we renamed Base.html
to Page.html. This will ensure that customizations to Base.html will still
be applied, even if the template inherits from Page.html.
If the user has a Page.html, however, it will take precedence over this
template.
{% endcomment %}


Scatterplot Canvas with Brush-able Regions
A scatterplot of 10,000 points using an HTML5 Canvas with user-selectable sub-regions.


Home
About us
Contact us
Welcome to Acal Software Limited
Software, forward!
Whether you are a small or a big company, we provide consultancy and agile development tailored to your needs and aimed to fast delivery and software quality.
Thank you for stopping by!
If you'd like to keep in touch you can contact us at
acal.software@gmail.com


This game has a total of 5 questions to complete! Here are the details
of the game:
Timer starts once you begin the game. You have 10 seconds to answer
each question
Once you answer the question you will get feedback if your answer is
correct or incorrect. You will be able to see this once the question
as been answered.
If you don't answer the question before the timer runs out, it will
counted it as unanswered question
Your total score will be displayed at the end of the game.


A synthetic data set of 210Pb activity per units of depth below surface. See example on how the data was generated.
A data.frame
with two with two columns:
$depth | |
| depth below surface (cm) | |
$activity | |
| 210Pb activity (Bq/kg) |
## How the data was generated # a0 = 100 Bq/kg # s = 0.5 cm/a Pb <- data.frame(depth = seq(0, 30, length.out = 20), activity = jitter( 100 * exp(-0.03114 / 0.5 * seq(0, 30, length.out = 20)), factor = 15)) ## Use example data data(Pb, envir = environment()) r <- calc_SedimentationRate(x = Pb)#>#>#>#>


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See:
Description
| Interface Summary | |
|---|---|
| Quoter | |
| ResultRow | A result row returned by a database query, presented as a map from columns to string values. |
| Class Summary | |
|---|---|
| BeanCounter | A class for capturing performance information. |
| ConnectedDB | TODO Move all engine-specific code from here to Vendor and its implementations |
| Quoter.PatternDoublingQuoter | |
| ResultRowMap | A result row returned by a database query, presented as a map from SELECT clause entries to string values. |
| SelectStatementBuilder | Collects parts of a SELECT query and delivers a corresponding SQL statement. |
| SQL | Parses different types of SQL fragments from Strings, and turns them back into Strings. |
| SQLIterator | Executes an SQL query and delivers result rows as an iterator over ResultRow s. |
| SQLScriptLoader | Reads SQL statements from a file or other source. |
SQL query and result processing code.
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Home
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My coming out...as a designer
2007: I wasn’t sure what to study in college for my undergraduate. Computer science had been on my mind, but it didn’t convince me. Since I was a small boy, I had always loved computers. But, for some reason, when I pictured myself working as a CS undergrad, I saw boring jobs sitting behind a computer, in a cubicle, doing monotonous tasks all day. Today I know that that is not the case, but back then my zero knowledge of code, design or jobs in the industry lead to me imagining it that way. I thought, if it’s not working on video games, it will probably be boring. That led me to make a more logical and cold choice: an undergrad that should ensure my “professional success”.
What I ended up studying was industrial engineering. The curriculum my college had for this program (and how it is perceived in Lima) meant you were basically eligible to work in marketing, finance, HR, sales, production or basically anywhere in a company. A very flexible career indeed. Several cousins of mine had studied it and were happily employed. What was not to love? During my time in college I wished I could get out an learn on my own, do my thing. I didn’t have the courage to do it though. When I thought about doing it, I saw uncertainty, and that scared the sh*it out of me. Fear led me to expect failure, and so, in March 2013 I would graduate as an industrial engineer and start working in HR at a big Peruvian corporation.
Looking back, I wouldn’t call it a mistake choosing this undergraduate. After all, it’s the path that got me where I am today (and I couldn’t be happier about that). Though I along the way I took several jobs that didn’t make me feel fulfilled or happy, in hindsight they were the “step by step” that brought me to Seattle.
The career change
Since the first job I took as a marketing intern, I always felt it: a constant, everyday “pull” inside me towards CREATION. Though I couldn’t put it into words, I wanted to be making NEW things, each and everyday. The rare occasions I got to do it, I felt “in the flow”, ideas came easily, and I found myself smiling and having a blast. I loved it! Whenever I felt this, though, I questioned myself. Immediately, I felt bad about not wishing my job involved more creative tasks: wasn’t I supposed to be “working hard” like everybody else? Work, after all, isn’t “supposed” to be fun, right? That’s “supposed” to happen on the weekends or after work I thought. So I pushed on.
It took a long time for my frustration to get to a point where I just couldn’t keep denying it. I wanted out. I wanted (needed) to find a job where I could express and channel all the creative energy I had inside me. Something I could call a calling. A job where I used the best parts of me, where I could express my best ideas, and grow most as a person. I just had to figure out what to do.
What pushed me forward
There is, though, something, or rather someone, that really pushed me forward. My son. It was February 2014 and we found out he would be born around the end of 2014 (he was born on September 1st).
In the midst of the tension I was living from my job, this is the key event that made me act: I make my move now…or it will be too late to make any kind of drastic changes in my life once my son get’s here. What actually made me take the leap, though, was the feeling I would be the worst example possible for my son. How could I, later on in life, tell him to be true to himself, to chase his dreams and always believe in himself if I had done exactly the opposite? I decided to go all in. I was no longer living life just for myself. This was the time to finally listen to my gut and chase what I knew, deep down, was not only my passion, but my strong suit. I would become a UX designer.
At the end of 2014 I applied to a job at a web development agency run by 3 friends I had met in a coworking space I went to for several months. It involved a web development challenge using HTML, CSS, jQuery, Bootstrap and Expression Engine (the last 4 of which I had little to no experience). I managed to learn them in a couple of weeks enough that I got the challenge done and good enough to get in. There I would go through several roles: a web development teacher, a product manager and ux designer.
It was a few months in that the opportunity to come to Seattle and take a 10 week UX Design course in General Assembly came to be. This was it! Although I was already doing work on UX, I knew had no formal training. And an immersive like this would be the perfect, fast-track way to level up my design game. And getting to know the community of one of the tech hubs in the US wouldn’t do any harm. Learn from the best right?
And so, here I am. In the midst of my third week in the course, and I couldn’t be happier. I’m living my dream of being a UX designer, true to what I believe. There’s a long way to go, but you know what, there always is.  You see so many possibilities. It may even feel intimidating. But guess what, the best things always do.
Thanks son :)


--- permalink: /TriTrypDB/about ---
|
General Information TriTrypDB is an integrated genomic and functional genomic database for pathogens of the family Trypanosomatidae, including organisms in both Leishmania and Trypanosoma genera. TriTrypDB and its continued development are possible through the collaborative efforts between EuPathDB, GeneDB and colleagues at the Seattle Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI). For a list of the data integrated into TriTrypDB and the related publications please see Data Sets. Please check our annual EuPathDB Workshop at UGA exercises to see the scope of data and functionality in our sites. |
|
Citing Data Providers Much of the data in TriTrypDB is provided by independent researchers. For a list of the data integrated into TriTrypDB and the related publications see Data Sets. Please cite the authors/providers when you use their data. |
|
Scientific Advisory Team Each project in EuPathDB benefits from the advice and mentoring of people from each specific community. TriTrypDB
|
|
Funding Funding for TriTrypDB development and enhanced annotation of kinetoplastid parasites is provided by coordinated grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Wellcome Trust. TriTrypDB joins the family of pathogen-databases that are housed under the NIAID-funded EuPathDB Bioinformatics Resource Center (BRC) umbrella. The EuPathDB team is mainly distributed between the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia. |
|
Data Access Policy The data at this site is provided freely for public use, through the contributions of many researchers including those involved in generating the genome sequences. The data is not guaranteed to be accurate as it often reflects the results of ongoing research. When using data obtained from any EuPathDB project, it is important to cite the original publications and contributors of that data. Please see Citing TriTrypDB below. |
|
Website Privacy Policy We do not use or share any of your personal information for any purpose unrelated to the functionality of the websites; however, we do collect some information to help us understand how our sites are being used and to improve community support. See the Website Privacy Policy for details. |
|
Citing TriTrypDB When citing TriTrypDB itself, please use: Aslett et al. TriTrypDB: a functional genomic resource for the Trypanosomatidae Nucleic Acids Research 2010 38(Database issue):D457-D462; doi:10.1093/nar/gkp851 [ Abstract | Full text | PDF ] When citing EuPathDB itself, please use: EuPathDB: the eukaryotic pathogen genomics database resource. 2016 Nov 29. pii: gkw1105. [Epub ahead of print] Aurrecoechea C, et al. Much of the data in TriTrypDB is provided by independent researchers. Please cite them if you use their data. For a list of the data integrated into TriTrypDB and the related publications please see Data Sets. |


--- layout: docpage title: "Documentation" is_homepage: false is_sphinx_doc: true doc-parent: "Architecture" doc-title: "Overview" doc-header-links: ' ' doc-search-path: "../search.html" extra-footer: ' ' ---
Apache Cassandra is an open source, distributed, NoSQL database. It presents a partitioned wide column storage model with eventually consistent semantics.
Apache Cassandra was initially designed at Facebook using a staged event-driven architecture (SEDA) to implement a combination of Amazon’s Dynamo distributed storage and replication techniques combined with Google’s Bigtable data and storage engine model. Dynamo and Bigtable were both developed to meet emerging requirements for scalable, reliable and highly available storage systems, but each had areas that could be improved.
Cassandra was designed as a best in class combination of both systems to meet emerging large scale, both in data footprint and query volume, storage requirements. As applications began to require full global replication and always available low-latency reads and writes, it became imperative to design a new kind of database model as the relational database systems of the time struggled to meet the new requirements of global scale applications.
Systems like Cassandra are designed for these challenges and seek the following design objectives:
Cassandra provides the Cassandra Query Language (CQL), an SQL-like language, to create and update database schema and access data. CQL allows users to organize data within a cluster of Cassandra nodes using:
CQL supports numerous advanced features over a partitioned dataset such as:
Cassandra explicitly chooses not to implement operations that require cross partition coordination as they are typically slow and hard to provide highly available global semantics. For example Cassandra does not support:
Apache Cassandra configuration settings are configured in the cassandra.yaml
file that can be edited by hand or with the aid of configuration management tools.
Some settings can be manipulated live using an online interface, but others
require a restart of the database to take effect.
Cassandra provides tools for managing a cluster. The nodetool
command
interacts with Cassandra’s live control interface, allowing runtime manipulation
of many settings from cassandra.yaml
. The auditlogviewer
is used
to view the audit logs. The fqltool
is used to view, replay and compare
full query logs. The auditlogviewer
and fqltool
are new tools in
Apache Cassandra 4.0.
In addition, Cassandra supports out of the box atomic snapshot functionality, which presents a point in time snapshot of Cassandra’s data for easy integration with many backup tools. Cassandra also supports incremental backups where data can be backed up as it is written.
Apache Cassandra 4.0 has added several new features including virtual tables. transient replication, audit logging, full query logging, and support for Java 11. Two of these features are experimental: transient replication and Java 11 support.


Ikube is a real time analytics and search processing platform. The analytics and search are two modules, however they can be combined, in such a way that the historical analytical results can be queried, creating derived analytics.
Ikube is grid based, with distributed search and analysis, and perfectly laterally scalable, specifically designed for massive volumes of data.


abcjs karaoke synth
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#include <arg.hpp>
QtArgIface implementation. | |
| virtual bool | isRequired () const |
| virtual bool | isDefined () const |
| virtual bool | isWithValue () const |
| virtual void | check (const QChar &delimiter, FlagsList &alreadyKnownFlags, NamesList &alreadyKnownNames) const |
| Check correctness of the names, flags and so on before parsing. | |
| virtual void | check () const |
| Check correctness of the state of the argument after parsing. | |
| virtual QString | description () const |
| virtual QString | longDescription () const |
| If long description is empty it's better to return description(). | |
| virtual QtArgIface * | giveArgument (const QChar &flag) |
| Should return pointer to the QtArgIface if this argument know how to do it, usually returns "this" if he does. | |
| virtual QtArgIface * | giveArgument (const QString &name) |
| Should return pointer to the QtArgIface if this argument know how to do it, usually returns "this" if he does. | |
| virtual const QtArgCmdLineIface::QtArgumentsList & | arguments () const |
| Usually returns list with "this" pointer or list with all handled arguments. | |
| virtual void | checkConstraint () const |
| Check correctness of the argument constraint. | |
| virtual int | process (QtArgCmdLineContext &context) |
| Process argument. | |
| virtual void | visit (QtArgCmdLineContext &context) |
| Process with visitor. | |
Public Member Functions | |
| QtArg (const QChar &flag, const QString &name=QString(), const QString &description=QString(), bool required=false, bool withValue=false, QtArgVisitorIface *visitor=NULL, QtArgConstraintIface *constraint=NULL) | |
| QtArg (const QChar &flag, const QtArgIface::NamesList &names, const QString &description=QString(), bool required=false, bool withValue=false, QtArgVisitorIface *visitor=NULL, QtArgConstraintIface *constraint=NULL) | |
| QtArg (const QString &name, const QString &description=QString(), bool required=false, bool withValue=false, QtArgVisitorIface *visitor=NULL, QtArgConstraintIface *constraint=NULL) | |
| QtArg (const QtArgIface::NamesList &names, const QString &description=QString(), bool required=false, bool withValue=false, QtArgVisitorIface *visitor=NULL, QtArgConstraintIface *constraint=NULL) | |
| QtArg (const QtArgIface::FlagsList &flags, const QString &description=QString(), bool required=false, bool withValue=false, QtArgVisitorIface *visitor=NULL, QtArgConstraintIface *constraint=NULL) | |
| QtArg (const QtArgIface::FlagsList &flags, const QtArgIface::NamesList &names, const QString &description=QString(), bool required=false, bool withValue=false, QtArgVisitorIface *visitor=NULL, QtArgConstraintIface *constraint=NULL) | |
| virtual QChar | flag () const |
| virtual void | setFlag (const QChar &fl) |
| Set new value of the flag of the argument. | |
| virtual void | setFlags (const QtArgIface::FlagsList &f) |
| Set new value of the flag's list of the argument. | |
| QString | name () const |
| void | setName (const QString &n) |
| Set new value of the name of the argument. | |
| void | setNames (const QtArgIface::NamesList &n) |
| Set new value of the name of the argument. | |
| void | setDescription (const QString &ds) |
| Set value of the description of the argument. | |
| void | setLongDescription (const QString &desc) |
| Set long description for this argument. | |
| void | setRequired (bool on=true) |
| Set value of the required property. | |
| void | setWithValue (bool on=true) |
| Set value of the property that hold whether this argument should have a value or not. | |
| QtArgVisitorIface * | visitor () const |
| void | setVisitor (QtArgVisitorIface *v) |
| Set visitor to this argument. | |
| QtArgConstraintIface * | constraint () const |
| void | setConstraint (QtArgConstraintIface *c) |
| Set constraint to this argument. | |
| const QVariant & | value () const |
| QVariant & | value () |
| virtual void | setValue (const QVariant &v) |
| Set value of the argument. | |
| void | setDefined (bool on=true) |
| Set "defined" property. | |
| bool | isPresent () const |
| void | setPresent (bool on=true) |
| Set "present" property. | |
Friends | |
| bool | operator== (const QtArg &a1, const QtArg &a2) |
| Is equal with another argument? | |
| bool | operator!= (const QtArg &a1, const QtArg &a2) |
| Isn't equal with another argument? | |
| bool | operator== (const QtArg &a1, const QString &a2) |
| Is equal with name a2? | |
| bool | operator!= (const QtArg &a1, const QString &a2) |
| Isn't equal with name a2? | |
| bool | operator== (const QtArg &a1, const QChar &a2) |
| Is equal with flag a2? | |
| bool | operator!= (const QtArg &a1, const QChar &a2) |
| Isn't equal with flag a2? | |
| bool | operator== (const QtArg &a1, const QtArgIface::FlagsList &a2) |
| Is equal with flag's list a2? | |
| bool | operator!= (const QtArg &a1, const QtArgIface::FlagsList &a2) |
| Isn't equal with flag's list a2? | |
| bool | operator== (const QtArg &a1, const QtArgIface::NamesList &a2) |
| Is equal with name's list a2? | |
| bool | operator!= (const QtArg &a1, const QtArgIface::NamesList &a2) |
| Isn't equal with name's list a2? |
This is an argument with one parameter or without any parameters.
| QtArg::QtArg | ( | const QChar & | flag, | |
| const QString & | name = QString() , |
|||
| const QString & | description = QString() , |
|||
| bool | required = false , |
|||
| bool | withValue = false , |
|||
| QtArgVisitorIface * | visitor = NULL , |
|||
| QtArgConstraintIface * | constraint = NULL | |||
| ) | [inline, explicit] |
| flag | Flag of the argument. |
| name | Name of the argument. |
| description | Description of the argument. |
| required | Is argument required? |
| withValue | Should argument has a value? |
| visitor | Visitor of the argument. |
| constraint | Constraint for the argument's values. |
| QtArg::QtArg | ( | const QChar & | flag, | |
| const QtArgIface::NamesList & | names, | |||
| const QString & | description = QString() , |
|||
| bool | required = false , |
|||
| bool | withValue = false , |
|||
| QtArgVisitorIface * | visitor = NULL , |
|||
| QtArgConstraintIface * | constraint = NULL | |||
| ) | [inline] |
| flag | Flag of the argument. |
| names | Various names of the argument. |
| description | Description of the argument. |
| required | Is argument required? |
| withValue | Should argument has a value? |
| visitor | Visitor of the argument. |
| constraint | Constraint for the argument's values. |
| QtArg::QtArg | ( | const QString & | name, | |
| const QString & | description = QString() , |
|||
| bool | required = false , |
|||
| bool | withValue = false , |
|||
| QtArgVisitorIface * | visitor = NULL , |
|||
| QtArgConstraintIface * | constraint = NULL | |||
| ) | [inline, explicit] |
| name | Name of the argument. |
| description | Description of the argument. |
| required | Is argument required? |
| withValue | Should argument has a value? |
| visitor | Visitor of the argument. |
| constraint | Constraint for the argument's values. |
| QtArg::QtArg | ( | const QtArgIface::NamesList & | names, | |
| const QString & | description = QString() , |
|||
| bool | required = false , |
|||
| bool | withValue = false , |
|||
| QtArgVisitorIface * | visitor = NULL , |
|||
| QtArgConstraintIface * | constraint = NULL | |||
| ) | [inline, explicit] |
| names | Various names of the argument. |
| description | Description of the argument. |
| required | Is argument required? |
| withValue | Should argument has a value? |
| visitor | Visitor of the argument. |
| constraint | Constraint for the argument's values. |
| QtArg::QtArg | ( | const QtArgIface::FlagsList & | flags, | |
| const QString & | description = QString() , |
|||
| bool | required = false , |
|||
| bool | withValue = false , |
|||
| QtArgVisitorIface * | visitor = NULL , |
|||
| QtArgConstraintIface * | constraint = NULL | |||
| ) | [inline, explicit] |
| flags | Various flags of the argument. |
| description | Description of the argument. |
| required | Is argument required? |
| withValue | Should argument has a value? |
| visitor | Visitor of the argument. |
| constraint | Constraint for the argument's values. |
| QtArg::QtArg | ( | const QtArgIface::FlagsList & | flags, | |
| const QtArgIface::NamesList & | names, | |||
| const QString & | description = QString() , |
|||
| bool | required = false , |
|||
| bool | withValue = false , |
|||
| QtArgVisitorIface * | visitor = NULL , |
|||
| QtArgConstraintIface * | constraint = NULL | |||
| ) | [inline] |
| flags | Various flags of the argument. |
| names | Various names of the argument. |
| description | Description of the argument. |
| required | Is argument required? |
| withValue | Should argument has a value? |
| visitor | Visitor of the argument. |
| constraint | Constraint for the argument's values. |
| QChar QtArg::flag | ( | ) | const [inline, virtual] |
| void QtArg::setFlag | ( | const QChar & | fl | ) | [inline, virtual] |
Set new value of the flag of the argument.
Clears all previously defined flags from the list and set this new value.
| fl | New value of the flag. |
| void QtArg::setFlags | ( | const QtArgIface::FlagsList & | f | ) | [inline, virtual] |
Set new value of the flag's list of the argument.
Clears all previously defined flags from the list and set this new values.
| f | New value of the flag's list. |
| QString QtArg::name | ( | ) | const [inline] |
| void QtArg::setName | ( | const QString & | n | ) | [inline] |
Set new value of the name of the argument.
Clears all previously defined names from the list and set this new value.
| n | New value of the name. |
| void QtArg::setNames | ( | const QtArgIface::NamesList & | n | ) | [inline] |
Set new value of the name of the argument.
Clears all previously defined names from the list and set this new values.
| n | List of names. |
| void QtArg::setDescription | ( | const QString & | ds | ) | [inline] |
Set value of the description of the argument.
Rewrites previously defined description.
| ds | Description of the argument. |
| void QtArg::setLongDescription | ( | const QString & | desc | ) | [inline] |
Set long description for this argument.
Rewrites previously defined long description.
| desc | Long description of the argument. |
| void QtArg::setRequired | ( | bool | on = true |
) | [inline] |
Set value of the required property.
| on | Value of the "required" property. |
| void QtArg::setWithValue | ( | bool | on = true |
) | [inline] |
Set value of the property that hold whether this argument should have a value or not.
| on | Value of the "withValue" property. |
| QtArgVisitorIface * QtArg::visitor | ( | ) | const [inline] |
| NULL | if visitor wasn't defined. |
| void QtArg::setVisitor | ( | QtArgVisitorIface * | v | ) | [inline] |
Set visitor to this argument.
Replace previously defined visitor if defined.
| v | Pointer to the visitor. |
| QtArgConstraintIface * QtArg::constraint | ( | ) | const [inline] |
| NULL | if constraint wasn't defined. |
| void QtArg::setConstraint | ( | QtArgConstraintIface * | c | ) | [inline] |
Set constraint to this argument.
Replace previously defined constraint if defined.
| c | Pointer to the constraint. |
| const QVariant & QtArg::value | ( | ) | const [inline] |
| QVariant & QtArg::value | ( | ) | [inline] |
| void QtArg::setValue | ( | const QVariant & | v | ) | [inline, virtual] |
| void QtArg::setDefined | ( | bool | on = true |
) | [inline] |
Set "defined" property.
| on | Value of the "defined" property. |
| bool QtArg::isPresent | ( | ) | const [inline] |
| true | if argument was present in the command line. | |
| false | if argument wasn't present in the command line. |
| void QtArg::setPresent | ( | bool | on = true |
) | [inline] |
Set "present" property.
| on | Value of the "present" property. |
| bool QtArg::isRequired | ( | ) | const [inline, virtual] |
| true | if argument is required. | |
| false | if argument isn't required. |
Implements QtArgIface.
| bool QtArg::isDefined | ( | ) | const [inline, virtual] |
| true | if argument has decided he has been defined. | |
| false | if argument hasn't decided he has been defined.. |
Implements QtArgIface.
| bool QtArg::isWithValue | ( | ) | const [inline, virtual] |
| true | if this argument should have a value. | |
| false | if this argument shouldn't have a value. |
Implements QtArgIface.
| virtual void QtArg::check | ( | const QChar & | delimiter, | |
| FlagsList & | alreadyKnownFlags, | |||
| NamesList & | alreadyKnownNames | |||
| ) | const [virtual] |
Check correctness of the names, flags and so on before parsing.
| delimiter | Delimiter character. |
| alreadyKnownFlags | All known flags in every argument. |
| alreadyKnownNames | All known names in every argument. |
| QString QtArg::description | ( | ) | const [inline, virtual] |
| QString QtArg::longDescription | ( | ) | const [inline, virtual] |
If long description is empty it's better to return description().
Implements QtArgIface.
| QtArgIface * QtArg::giveArgument | ( | const QChar & | flag | ) | [inline, virtual] |
Should return pointer to the QtArgIface if this argument know how to do it, usually returns "this" if he does.
If this argument handles another arguments with flag flag than he should return pointer to this argument.
| Pointer | to the QtArgIface if flag flag determines this argument. | |
| NULL | if flag flag doesn't determine this argument. |
| flag | Is a flag that returned argument should own. If this argument doesn't own this flag or sub-arguments don't own this flag then returned value should be null-pointer. |
Implements QtArgIface.
| QtArgIface * QtArg::giveArgument | ( | const QString & | name | ) | [inline, virtual] |
Should return pointer to the QtArgIface if this argument know how to do it, usually returns "this" if he does.
If this argument handles another arguments with name name than he should return pointer to this argument.
| Pointer | to the QtArgIface if name name determines this argument. | |
| NULL | if name name doesn't determine this argument. |
| name | Is a name that returned argument should own. If this argument doesn't own this name or sub-arguments don't own this name then returned value should be null-pointer. |
Implements QtArgIface.
| const QtArgCmdLineIface::QtArgumentsList & QtArg::arguments | ( | ) | const [inline, virtual] |
Usually returns list with "this" pointer or list with all handled arguments.
Implements QtArgIface.
| void QtArg::checkConstraint | ( | ) | const [inline, virtual] |
Check correctness of the argument constraint.
| QtArgContraintNotObservedEx | if constraint didn't observed. |
Implements QtArgIface.
Reimplemented in QtMultiArg.
| int QtArg::process | ( | QtArgCmdLineContext & | context | ) | [inline, protected, virtual] |
Process argument.
Can throw exceptions.
| context | Command line context. |
Implements QtArgIface.
Reimplemented in QtMultiArg.
| void QtArg::visit | ( | QtArgCmdLineContext & | context | ) | [inline, protected, virtual] |
Process with visitor.
| context | Command line context. |
Implements QtArgIface.
Reimplemented in QtArgHelp.


Start an amazing tour with us
英语发音不准确，羞于出口？
话在嘴边却无法用英语表达？
厌倦填鸭式英语教学，却找不到好的学习方法？
Our templates are updated regularly so they don't break.
You can use this theme as is, or you can make changes!
We update dependencies to keep things fresh.
You have to make your websites with love these days!
因业务繁忙，请微信扫描下方二维码，提前预约试听
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<EMAIL_ADDRESS>四川省成都市武侯区新希望路XX号XX楼


Remember, when a non-cyclist tells you a route is "pretty flat" that translates directly to a 1350ft elevation gain.
7/4/2014, 4:53:51 PM
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Remember, when a non-cyclist tells you a route is "pretty flat" that translates directly to a 1350ft elevation gain.
7/4/2014, 4:53:51 PM
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link


Corporate Banking application provides features to administer and manage non personal accounts online.
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|
SDLXX
1.0.0
Modern C++17 wrapper for SDL
|
Class that represents a graphical window. More...
#include <Window.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| Window (const std::string &title, int width, int height, const OptionSet &options={}, int position_x=WINDOW_CENTERED, int position_y=WINDOW_CENTERED) | |
| Create a window with the specified position, dimensions, and flags. More... | |
| Window (const void *data) | |
| Create a new window from an existing native window. More... | |
| uint32_t | getId () const |
| Get window id for logging purposes. More... | |
| OptionSet | getOptions () const |
| Get window options. More... | |
| ~Window () | |
| Destroy the window. More... | |
| void | setTitle (const std::string &title) |
| Set the title of a window. More... | |
| std::string | getTitle () const |
| Get the title of a window. More... | |
| void | setPosition (const Point &position) |
| Set the position of a window. More... | |
| Point | getPosition () const |
| Get the position of a window. More... | |
| Dimensions | getSize () const |
| Get the size of a window's client area. More... | |
| void | setBordered (bool bordered) |
| Set the border state of a window. More... | |
| void | setResizable (bool resizable) |
| Set the user-resizable state of a window. More... | |
| void | show () |
| Show a window. More... | |
| void | hide () |
| Hide a window. More... | |
| void | raise () |
| Raise a window above other windows and set the input focus. More... | |
| void | maximize () |
| Make window as large as possible. More... | |
| void | minimize () |
| Minimize a window to an iconic representation. More... | |
| void | restore () |
| Restore the size and position of a minimized or maximized window. More... | |
| void | setFullscreen (const OptionSet &options={}) |
| Set a window's fullscreen state. More... | |
| std::shared_ptr< Surface > | getSurface () |
| Get the surface associated with the window. More... | |
| void | updateSurface () |
| Copy the window surface to the screen. More... | |
| std::shared_ptr< Renderer > | getRenderer (int driver=-1, const std::unordered_set< Renderer::Option > &options={}) |
| Get the renderer associated with the window. More... | |
Static Public Attributes | |
| static const int | WINDOW_CENTERED |
| Window position that specifies the center of the screen. More... | |
| static const int | WINDOW_UNDEFINED |
| Window position that is a default position given by OS. More... | |
Friends | |
| class | Renderer |
| class | Surface |
Class that represents a graphical window.
| using sdlxx::core::Window::OptionSet = std::unordered_set<Option> |
|
strong |
An enumeration of window events.
| Enumerator | |
|---|---|
| NONE | Never used |
| SHOWN | Window has been shown |
| HIDDEN | Window has been hidden |
| EXPOSED | Window has been exposed and should be redrawn |
| MOVED | Window has been moved to data1, data2 |
| RESIZED | Window has been resized to data1xdata2 |
| SIZE_CHANGED | The window size has changed, either as a result of an API call or through the system or user changing the window size. |
| MINIMIZED | Window has been minimized |
| MAXIMIZED | Window has been maximized |
| RESTORED | Window has been restored to normal size and position |
| ENTER | Window has gained mouse focus |
| LEAVE | Window has lost mouse focus |
| FOCUS_GAINED | Window has gained keyboard focus |
| FOCUS_LOST | Window has lost keyboard focus |
| CLOSE | The window manager requests that the window be closed |
| TAKE_FOCUS | Window is being offered a focus (should SetWindowInputFocus() on itself or a subwindow, or ignore) |
| HIT_TEST | Window had a hit test that wasn't SDL_HITTEST_NORMAL. |
|
strong |
An enumeration of window options.
| sdlxx::core::Window::Window | ( | const std::string & | title, |
| int | width, | ||
| int | height, | ||
| const OptionSet & | options = {} , |
||
| int | position_x = WINDOW_CENTERED , |
||
| int | position_y = WINDOW_CENTERED |
||
| ) |
Create a window with the specified position, dimensions, and flags.
| title | The title of the window, in UTF-8 encoding |
| width | The width of the window, in screen coordinates |
| height | The height of the window, in screen coordinates |
| options | The set of window options |
| position_x | The x position of the window, WINDOW_CENTERED, or WINDOW_UNDEFINED |
| position_y | The y position of the window, WINDOW_CENTERED, or WINDOW_UNDEFINED |
| sdlxx::core::Window::Window | ( | const void * | data | ) |
Create a new window from an existing native window.
| data | a pointer to driver-dependent window creation data, typically your native window cast to a void* |
| sdlxx::core::Window::~Window | ( | ) |
Destroy the window.
| uint32_t sdlxx::core::Window::getId | ( | ) | const |
Get window id for logging purposes.
| OptionSet sdlxx::core::Window::getOptions | ( | ) | const |
Get window options.
| Point sdlxx::core::Window::getPosition | ( | ) | const |
Get the position of a window.
| std::shared_ptr<Renderer> sdlxx::core::Window::getRenderer | ( | int | driver = -1 , |
| const std::unordered_set< Renderer::Option > & | options = {} |
||
| ) |
Get the renderer associated with the window.
If no renderer is associated with the window, a new one will be created.
| driver | The index of the rendering driver to initialize, or -1 to initialize the first one supporting the requested options. |
| options | The set of requested options |
| Dimensions sdlxx::core::Window::getSize | ( | ) | const |
Get the size of a window's client area.
| std::shared_ptr<Surface> sdlxx::core::Window::getSurface | ( | ) |
Get the surface associated with the window.
A new surface will be created with the optimal format for the window, if necessary. This surface will be freed when the window is destroyed.
| std::string sdlxx::core::Window::getTitle | ( | ) | const |
Get the title of a window.
| void sdlxx::core::Window::hide | ( | ) |
Hide a window.
| void sdlxx::core::Window::maximize | ( | ) |
Make window as large as possible.
| void sdlxx::core::Window::minimize | ( | ) |
Minimize a window to an iconic representation.
| void sdlxx::core::Window::raise | ( | ) |
Raise a window above other windows and set the input focus.
| void sdlxx::core::Window::restore | ( | ) |
Restore the size and position of a minimized or maximized window.
| void sdlxx::core::Window::setBordered | ( | bool | bordered | ) |
Set the border state of a window.
This will add or remove the window's BORDERLESS flag and add or remove the border from the actual window. This is a no-op if the window's border already matches the requested state.
| bordered | false to remove border, true to add border void setResizable(bool resizable) |
| void sdlxx::core::Window::setFullscreen | ( | const OptionSet & | options = {} | ) |
Set a window's fullscreen state.
| options | Window options |
| void sdlxx::core::Window::setPosition | ( | const Point & | position | ) |
Set the position of a window.
| position | The X and Y coordinates of the window in screen coordinates, or Window::WINDOW_CENTERED or Window::WINDOW_UNDEFINED. |
| void sdlxx::core::Window::setResizable | ( | bool | resizable | ) |
Set the user-resizable state of a window.
This will add or remove the window's RESIZABLE flag and allow/disallow user resizing of the window. This is a no-op if the window's resizable state already matches the requested state.
| resizable | true to allow resizing, false to disallow. |
| void sdlxx::core::Window::setTitle | ( | const std::string & | title | ) |
Set the title of a window.
| title | The new window title |
| void sdlxx::core::Window::show | ( | ) |
Show a window.
| void sdlxx::core::Window::updateSurface | ( | ) |
Copy the window surface to the screen.
|
friend |
|
friend |
|
static |
Window position that specifies the center of the screen.
|
static |
Window position that is a default position given by OS.


'p' with a class of description. The #content syntax starts a DIV with an id of content. Note that you don't actually have to write DIV.
><EMAIL_ADDRESS>start C:\Src\Git\JsObjects\JavaScript\NodeCode\JadeRender > node Render.js
Parts of this file are taken from the Jade documentation.
Text inside paragraph tag
Multi Line
Another way for large bodies of text!
'p' with a class of description. The #content syntax starts a DIV with an id of content. Note that you don't actually have to write DIV.
I use the NPM packaged called marked to add Markdown to Jade. As you can see, I started this block by adding this tag to my Jade file: :markdown.
Here is a markdown list:
The text below here is from the README for this project. It was written in markdown and included in the Jade file with include:md README.md
This is the README file for the JadeRender. It is written in Markdown. An example of how to use Node to transform a Jade file into HTML.
To run the program, do something like this:
npm install
npm start > JadeRender.html
Then load JadeRender.html into your browser.
If the doctype is not specified as part of the template, you can specify it here. It is sometimes useful to get self-closing tags and remove mirroring of boolean attributes.
// doctype:string
Adds whitespace to the resulting html to make it easier for a human to read using ' ' as indentation. If a string is specified, that will be used as indentation instead (e.g. '\t'):
pretty:boolean | string
Use a self namespace to hold the locals (false by default):
self:boolean
If set to true, the tokens and function body is logged to stdout
debug:boolean
Set this to false to disable debugging instrumentation (recommended in production). Set it to true to include the function source in the compiled template for better error messages (sometimes useful in development).
compileDebug:boolean
If set to true, compiled functions are cached. filename must be set as the cache key.
cache:boolean
Override the default compiler
compiler:class
Override the default parser
parser:class
Add a list of global names to make accessible in templates */
globals:Array.<string>


This causes two practical issues. First, understanding such a system is hard. If everything can touch everything else, it is difficult to look at any given piece in isolation.  Second, if you want to use any of the functionality from such a program in another situation, rewriting it may be easier than trying to disentangle it from its context.
This causes two practical issues. First, understanding such a system is hard. If everything can touch everything else, it is difficult to look at any given piece in isolation.  Second, if you want to use any of the functionality from such a program in another situation, rewriting it may be easier than trying to disentangle it from its context.
Amazing views of the mountains
A mountain is a large landform that rises above the surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of a peak. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill. Mountains are formed through tectonic forces or volcanism. These forces can locally raise the surface of the earth. Mountains erode slowly through the action of rivers, weather conditions, and glaciers. A few mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in huge mountain ranges.


{% extends "base/base.html" %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block content %}
The links have been sent to the voters
{% else %}{{ protocol }}://{{ domain }}{% url 'vote:get_ballot_view' uuid 'public' %}
Here is the link to vote: link (or copy to clipboard)
{% endif %} Manage existing polls


{username}
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As a Senior Software Engineer, I was involved in complete life cycle of product development (design,development,test and implementation). I had the opportunity to play this role in IBM and Ascena retail Group Inc. It was amazing experince ☻
As a FullStack developer, I was responsible for developing front-end as well as Backend. In front-end I have used diffrent UI stack including Agular,ReactJS,Vue.js,Jquery,HTML5,CSS3 etc. I have developed RESTful API using Node/Express and MYSQL. I truly enjoyed this opportunity to learn new technologies. I developed few Hybrid Mobile apps in Ionic as well. Happy coding ☻
Being hard core developer to becoming Tech Lead/Team Lead has been exciting experience.This is where I learnt how to work closely with team members and client. I get previledge to choose diffrent tech stack,managing team members etc. Awesome, is'nt it?
I think great website brings the users that might convert into potential customers and eventually will keep visitors on site for longer duration. It might be possible that the visitors will visit your website again for more information. Having a high quality website can make your business a brand and help in strengthen the business identity in online internet marketing field. Investing in a new website by creating it from the scratch in latest technologies with quality code can save a lot of expense in comparison to redesigning an old website,that take up your lot of cost as well as efforts.
I love to share knowledge with people. I used to give training in latest front-end technologies. For an example, Gaven 20 hrs (5 hrs each day) of JavaScript Training in Dec 2016 while working with IBM. Delivered 20 hrs (2 hrs each day) of Training on Angular 4 and Mobile Development(Ionic) in Dec 2017. After all sharing is caring!!
I used to contribute in developer communities like StackOverflow. In my spare time, I love to solve Algorithm and Data structure problems.You can see my activity at HackerRank. Once a coder always a coder !!!
Certified by udemy, The Complete Angular Course - Beginner to Advance


An extension function is any function used in an XPath expression that is not included in the standard XPath 1.0 library.
Whereas standard functions have unqualified names (string(), count(), boolean(), etc.), extension functions generally belong to a namespace and have prefixed names like saxon:evaluate or exslt:tokenize. (the bundled Jaxen extension functions in org.jaxen.function.ext do not yet have a namespace. This is a bug. Please don't emulate it with your own extension functions.)
Let's suppose you want to write an extension function that finds the minimum of a set of numeric values. We'll call this extension function min() and put it in the http://exslt.org/math namespace. (This is actually an extension function defined by the EXSLT library at http://www.exslt.org/math/functions/min/math.min.html) We'll use the prefix math in this document but the prefix can change as long as the URI is correct.
This function has the following signature:
number math:min(node-set)
In Jaxen terms a number is a java.lang.Double and a node-set is a java.util.List.
Each extension function is implemented by a single class. This class can belong to any package. It must have a no-args constructor and implement the org.jaxen.Function interface. This interface declares a single method, call:
package org.jaxen; public interface Function { Object call(Context context, List args) throws FunctionCallException; }
For the math:min function we'll need to iterate through the list, convert each one to a numeric value, and then finds the minimum. Some casting is required; but mostly we just iterate through the list while comparing each member of the list to the current minimum value. If the next value is smaller, then we replace the old minimum value with the new minimum value. Finally we return a new Double object containing the minimum value. Here's the code:
public class MinFunction implements Function { public Object call(Context context, List args) throws FunctionCallException { if (args.isEmpty()) return Double.valueOf(Double.NaN); Navigator navigator = context.getNavigator(); double min = Double.MAX_VALUE; Iterator iterator = args.iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()) { double next = NumberFunction.evaluate(iterator.next(), navigator).doubleValue(); min = Math.min(min, next); } return new Double(min); } }
Notice the use of Jaxen's implementation of the XPath number() function to convert each value in the node-set to a double.
Extension functions should be side effect free. They should not write files, change fields, or modify the state of anything. Extension functions may be called at any time, and not necessarily in the order you expect them to be. Furthermore, extension functions may be called more or less often than you expect. Each invocation of an extension function should be completely self-contained.
You may have noticed the name and namespace of the extension function showed up nowhere in the extension function class. To bind it to a name it must be registered with the function context. You can either register it with the default global function context (XPathFunctionContext.INSTANCE) or register it with a custom function context for the XPath expression
Let's assume you want to register it with a custom function context. Simply pass the namespace URI, local name, and a MinFunction object to the XPathFunctionContext constructor:
SimpleFunctionContext fc = new XPathFunctionContext(); fc.registerFunction("http://exslt.org/math", "min", new MinFunction());
You'll also need a namespace context that can map the prefix math to the URI http://exslt.org/math:
SimpleNamespaceContext nc = new SimpleNamespaceContext(); nc.addNamespace("math", "http://exslt.org/math");
Finally when evaluating the function you'll need to set your custom XPath function and namespace contexts for the expression:
BaseXPath xpath = new DOMXPath("math:min(//x)"); xpath.setFunctionContext(fc); xpath.setNamespaceContext(nc);
Otherwise, evaluating the expression will throw a JaxenException.
You can add the function to the default function context by registering it with the constant XPathFunctionContext.INSTANCE instead:
XPathFunctionContext.INSTANCE.registerFunction("http://exslt.org/math", "min", new MinFunction());


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Instruction
Use arrow keys to move
Bugs will eliminate you
You cant pass through Rock
Click on characters at left side to select your character


Reflections on Shereef's fire side Chat:
My take on the EDA experience so far is one of an opportunity to strike out, and do something difficult and awesome. That is, that it's awesome because it's difficult.
I tell my 7 and 9 year old daughters that the 'secret to life' halves your disappointment and doubles your happiness... The secret that I share with them is... 'Life is Hard'.
After the frown on their face passes, I explain that if you accept that life is hard, then you're not surpirsed when things don't go the way you planned. Your disappointment is halved.

EDA is, and going to increasingly be, hard. That makes the journey even better (I hope).
My impressions are that the coaches seem nice, supportive and knowledgible.
My cohort felt large and a bit intimidating to begin with, but my Roa Tahi sub-group seem cool and I'm looking forward to getting to know them better.
Working from home seems daunting, balancing family life and study. But the fact that this is a crucial job transition, and more and more 'life changing' transition, that alone is quite a good motivator for me.
I feel I'm going to engage with this culture quite well.
I'm creative and extrovert by nature, and I hope these attributes add to people's journey around me.
I think my expectations of EDA changed a little after watching the video, but it changed most when I had my initial 'interview' with Rohan.
I asked him what kind of questions will be in the interview.  I was in the driver's seat.
The quality of the interview depended on the quality of 'my' questions. My expectations of EDA depends on the expectations I place on myself I'm starting to think.
I'm both excited and nervous to participate in this learning environment. Excited for the growth in myself and in my fellow cohort-ies; nervous about multiple acts of failure that I'll have to become comfortable with.


Roboto Thin (100)
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Use the .hxPageTitle
css class to achieve the page title style
Use the .hxSectionTitle
css class to achieve the section title style
Use the .hxSubSectionTitle
css class to achieve the sub-section title style
Use the .hxContainerTitle
css class to achieve the container title style
Use the .hxLabel
css class to achieve the label text style
Use the .hxSubdued
css class to achieve the subdued text style
Subdued
Subdued {% endcode %}Use the .hxCaption
css class to achieve the caption text style
Caption
Caption
Use the .hxSubBody
css class to achieve the sub-body text style
Sub-Body
Sub-Body
Sub-Body {% endcode %}
Reference Links
Reference links are super common and typically used to, well, refer, you
to something and somewhere else, whether that's in our interface or not.
For Rackspace, this likely means to help and support articles. If you
want to ask someone to do something, use a button.
Pressed State
Pressed Link
.hxPageTitle
.hxSectionTitle
.hxSubSectionTitle
.hxContainerTitle
.hxLabel
.hxSubdued
.hxCaption
.hxSubbody
Add an event listener with the EventTarget.addEventListener()
function.
Add an event listener with the EventTarget.addEventListener()
function.
Press Ctrl+Z (Command+Z on Mac) to undo the most recent action.
Press Ctrl+Z (Command+Z on Mac) to undo the most recent action.
{% endcode %}[Insert Code Here]
[Insert Code Here]
{% endcode %}
HelixUI provides a built-in theme for use with the highlight.js library.
Below are some examples of the syntax highlighting in action.


Money Play. How should Red play 11?
pips Red=167 White=162
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
It’s surprising how many players still get this first response wrong.
There may not seem to be much between 24/22, 6/5(2) and 24/23, 6/5(3) but the latter is an error.
With the better board Red should put pressure on White’s blot on the 9-pt. Needless to say, 8/7(2), 6/5(2) is a blunder.
There may not seem to be much between 24/22, 6/5(2) and 24/23, 6/5(3) but the latter is an error.
With the better board Red should put pressure on White’s blot on the 9-pt. Needless to say, 8/7(2), 6/5(2) is a blunder.
1. Cubeful 2-ply 24/22 6/5(2) Eq.: +0.128 0.538 0.145 0.006 - 0.462 0.125 0.004 2. Cubeful 2-ply 24/23 6/5(3) Eq.: +0.101 (-0.027) 0.530 0.145 0.006 - 0.470 0.131 0.005 3. Cubeful 2-ply 24/23(2) 6/5(2) Eq.: +0.078 (-0.051) 0.521 0.143 0.006 - 0.479 0.124 0.005 4. Cubeful 2-ply 8/5 6/5 Eq.: +0.047 (-0.081) 0.513 0.151 0.006 - 0.487 0.140 0.007 5. Cubeful 2-ply 8/7(2) 6/5(2) Eq.: +0.036 (-0.092) 0.511 0.144 0.007 - 0.489 0.138 0.008


WITNESS LIST Finance Committee October 5, 2004 - 9:00A Article I ON: Beck, Jim (Office of the Secretary of State), Austin, TX Connor, Geoff Secretary of State (Office of the Secretary of State), Austin, TX McGeehan, Ann Director of Elections (Office of the Secretary of State), Austin, TX Article V ON: Blalock, Michael G. Deputy Executive Director (Adjutant General's Department), Austin, TX Dehnert, Brig. Gen. Allen R. (Adjutant General's Department), Austin, TX Duffy, Claire Budget Analyst (Adjutant General's Department), Austin, TX Giesbers, Lydia (Military Facilities Commission), Austin, TX Goodwin, William Assistant Adjutant General (Texas National Guard), Austin, TX Johnson, Gary Executive Director (Department of Criminal Justice), Hunstville, TX Kifowit, Dee Administrator (Department of Criminal Justice), Austin, TX Livingston, Brad Chief Financial Officer (Department of Criminal Justice), Huntsville, TX Marty, LTG Wayne D. Adjutant General (Adjutant General's Department), Austin, TX Raimer, M.D., Ben G. Physician (Correctional Managed Care), Galveston, TX Sapp, Allen D. Assistant Director (Correctional Managed Care), Huntsville, TX Stanford, John B. Legislative Liaison (Adjutant General's Department), Austin, TX Wells, John Exeuctive Director (Military Facilities Commission), Austin, TX Article VII FOR: Flores, David Chief Financial Officer (Office of Rural Community Affairs), Austin, TX ON: Atkins, Billy Charitable Bingo Director (Lottery Commission), Austin, TX Bass, James Director, Finance Division (Department of Transportation), Austin, TX Behrens, P.E., Michael W. Executive Director (Department of Transportation), Austin, TX Cabello, Jr., Homeno Director, Office of Colonia Initiatives (Department of Housing and Community Affairs), Austin, TX Cardenas, Oralia Director, Outreach and Dev. Services (Office of Rural Community Affairs), Austin, TX Carrington, Edwina Executive Director (Department of Housing and Community Affairs), Austin, TX Cedillo, Ruth Deputy Executive Director (Department of Housing and Community Affairs), Austin, TX Clowe, Tom Chairman (Lottery Commission), Austin, TX Dally, Bill Chief of Agency Administration (Department of Housing and Community Affairs), Austin, TX Deviney, Lee Financial Administration Director (Lottery Commission), Austin, TX Greer, Reagan Executive Director (Lottery Commission), Austin, TX Hill, Jerry (Office of Rural Community Affairs), Austin, TX Irvine, Timothy K. Executive Director-Man. Housing Division (Department of Housing and Community Affairs), Austin, TX Rath, Diane Chair (Workforce Commission), Austin, TX Saenz, P.E., Amadeo Assistant Exec. Dir. for Engineering Op. (Department of Transportation), Austin, TX Simmons, Steve Deputy Executive Director (Department of Transportation), Austin, TX Temple, Larry Executive Director (Workforce Commission), Austin, TX Townsend, Randy Chief Financial Officer (Workforce Commission), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: On: Pearson, David V.P. of Advocacy and Communications (Organization of Rural and Community Hospitals), Austin, TX


A row is generated for each object in the rowsData array.
A column is automatically generated for each key in the first object in the
array.
Default header
Sticky header
No header
Generate header options
Authors can choose for the grid to generate a normal header row, a sticky
header row, or no header row at all
2 Columns3 Columns
Custom columns
Authors can specify columns rather than let the grid generate them
Columns render in the order specified
Column Titles
Authors can specify custom column titles in the columnDefinition
Expand 1
Expand 2
Expand 3
Expand 4
Column widths
Each row of a data grid is rendered using css grid layout
The parent grid ensures that each child row has the same gridTemplateColumns
value set to keep layout in sync
The parent data grid automatically sets the width of each column to "1fr"
Authors can set the data-grid's gridTemplateColumns property themselves for
finer control over column widths
By default the generated cells in each row are assigned the column that
corresponds to the index of that column in the grid's columnDefinitions.
The "gridColumn" property of a columnDefinition can specify another column for
cells in that column to render to.
Note: keyboard navigation across a row is currently based on order of cell
children in the dom which matches the order in the grid's columnDefinitions.
Column 1
Column 2
<IP_ADDRESS>.2
Manual grid
Grids can also be defined with html
Authors will need to define the 'grid-template-columns' of manual grids as
well as assign each cell to a 'grid-column'.


Instructions:
- Drag cluster names to re-order clusters
- Hover over a locus to reveal box and handles; drag box to move the locus, drag handles to resize it, double click to flip
- Click genes to anchor the figure around them
- Right click genes to edit their labels
- Click cluster names and legend entries to rename them
- Click legend circles to change gene colours
- Right click legend entries to remove them and hide links
- Click scale bar text to change its length
- Tweak other options below!
If you found clinker useful, please cite:
clinker & clustermap.js: Automatic generation of gene cluster comparison figures Cameron L.M. Gilchrist, Yit-Heng Chooi Bioinformatics. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab007
Plot arrangement
Cluster settings
Gene arrows
Gene labels
Scale bar
Colour bar
Legend
Links


Product
Supplier
Dimensions
Weight
Price
Notebook Basic 15
Very Best Screens
30 x 18 x 3 cm
4.2 KG
956 EUR
Notebook Basic 17
Very Best Screens
40 x 18 x 3 cm
4.6 KG
1956 EUR
Notebook Basic 19
Very Best Screens
50 x 18 x 3 cm
4.9 KG
2956 EUR


Webdesign
First blog
Photos
Trekking
Computers
- Version Control with Git-Introduction
- Rat In a Maze Problem
- Permutations of a given string
- Convert an arbitrary binary tree into children sum tree
- Print Nodes with no siblings
- Distance between two Keys
- Print all nodes in a binary tree that are at a distance k from a leaf node
- Print Tree Vertically
- Print Ancestor Nodes
- Check if a binary tree is binary search tree
- Get all leaves of a binary tree
- Finding the Diameter of a Binary Tree
- Is the binary tree foldable?
- Max Width of a Binary Tree
- Convert a Binary Tree to Doubly Linked list
- Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree
- Boot windows from external USB hard drive for UEFI motherboards
- Longest Palindromic Subsequence
- Difference Between include in C/C++ and import in java
Java
Dsa
- Rat In a Maze Problem
- Permutations of a given string
- Convert an arbitrary binary tree into children sum tree
- Print Nodes with no siblings
- Distance between two Keys
- Print all nodes in a binary tree that are at a distance k from a leaf node
- Print Tree Vertically
- Print Ancestor Nodes
- Check if a binary tree is binary search tree
- Get all leaves of a binary tree
- Finding the Diameter of a Binary Tree
- Is the binary tree foldable?
- Max Width of a Binary Tree
- Convert a Binary Tree to Doubly Linked list
- Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree
- Longest Palindromic Subsequence
Dp
Technology
Hack
Trees
- Convert an arbitrary binary tree into children sum tree
- Print Nodes with no siblings
- Distance between two Keys
- Print all nodes in a binary tree that are at a distance k from a leaf node
- Print Tree Vertically
- Print Ancestor Nodes
- Check if a binary tree is binary search tree
- Get all leaves of a binary tree
- Finding the Diameter of a Binary Tree
- Is the binary tree foldable?
- Max Width of a Binary Tree
- Convert a Binary Tree to Doubly Linked list
- Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree
Backtracking
Blog
Linux
Blog
Computers
Java
Technology
Ruby
Languages
Setup
Cassandra
Optimisation
Tech
Synology


$ npm test
and it will be created. This test report is created through a plugin called 'mochawesome' and is called in the package.json
scripts section.
Setup webpack and babel build process and npm scripts.
After this step, you should be able to run $ npm start
and startup the webpack-dev-server locally on port 8080.
The following section will be the root of the react app


Leone Sciences average new parameters Dis. Infect Virus disease length months reproductive results simulations symptomatic Carlo Fig Monte sensitivity Medicine additional case days duration impact infectious events models outbreak potential rate sexually time Hemorrhagic Infectious Sexual West World day given individuals parameter peak reported tail using Disease Leone. RNA Transmission [,]. active analysis control effects non-sexual onset overall px; total {font-family (Fig Click Fever LINK Viral changes current epidemics file. following font-size likely men patients reduce simulated symptoms transmission. weekly (PDF) (see Available: Biology Diseases However, Med. Pathogens Statistical [Internet]. [], absence basic confirmed cumulative deterministic double; dynamics including lines mathematical modeling rare response semen size small susceptible (η) Engl Epidemic Fig). JLA Life Organization. R,N SEICR Semen Sensitivity Viruses affected assumed assuming available based border-color border-width coital community convalescence date effect epidemic. epidemics. events, extended health important interventions mean months, population presence public recently solid; surveillance transmitted understand used values {font-style {font-weight < (.–.) (A, (Figs (non-STI: -month Africa Bern, Body CI: CLA. Democratic Dynamics Elsevier Epidemiology Estimated Fluids: Institute Lancet. Republic Research STI: Viruses: [,] account acute analyses better bold cases, cases; caused change completely contact contribution correlation courier; declared detected em; estimates event extend fitted free higher increases infection infectivity key measures method performed pt;} rank red remain reproduction route set significant sporadic stochastic studies trajectories


--- layout: post title: Moving to Jekyll date: '2017-05-29' author: Lomeli12 categories: - website tags: - update ---
In case you've haven't noticed, the site should load a bit faster now. That's because I've moved away from using CMSs (sorry GetSimple. I love you...) and am now using Jekyll to generate my website as static html. This makes the site load faster (as it's just loading html instead of executing php functions) and is more secure; no control panel for hackers to try to break into and wreck stuff.
You can also help out the site now as it's now on Github! I'll be updating any changes to the code every 1st of the month or whenever I make a new post, whichever comes first (99% of the time the former).


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#include <CPoly.hpp>
Inheritance diagram for gpx::phy2d::base_CPoly< F >:
Public Member Functions | |
| virtual const model::VertexData< 2 > & | cvertices () const |
| Get colliding vertices. | |
| virtual math::Vector< 2 > | eff (const math::const_VectorPtr< 2 > &pre, const math::const_VectorPtr< 2 > &post) const |
| Get effective collision point. | |
| real_t | effMultiplier () const |
| Get effective point's offset multiplier. | |
| virtual const ICPoly * | element (element_t i) const |
| virtual element_t | elements () const |
| Get number of elements. | |
| virtual math::Vector< 2 > | normal (const CollisionPoints &ncPoints) const |
| Get normal. | |
| void | setEffMultiplier (real_t effMultiplier) |
| Set effective point's offset multiplier. | |
| virtual bool | test (const math::const_VectorPtr< 2 > &cvertex) const |
| Point detection. | |
Static Public Attributes | |
| static const real_t | INITIAL_EFF_MULTIPLIER = 1.0 / 128.0 |
| Default value of effective point offset multiplier. | |
Protected Member Functions | |
| base_CPoly () | |
| Default constructor. | |
Private Member Functions | |
| bool | findIntersectingSeg (const model::const_Segment< 2 > &seg) const |
| Find polygon's segment intersecting with segment seg. | |
| int | testVertex (const math::const_VectorPtr< 2 > &cvertex, real_t *first, real_t *second) const |
| bool | vertexOnVEdge (const math::const_VectorPtr< 2 > &cvertex, real_t *first, real_t *second) const |
Private Attributes | |
| real_t | m_effMultiplier |
| Effective point offset multiplier. | |
| model::const_Segment< 2 > | m_intSegCache |
| F & | m_me |
Friends | |
| class | CPoly |
| gpx::phy2d::base_CPoly< F >::base_CPoly | ( | ) | [inline, protected] |
Default constructor.
This class is not intended to be used directly - use CPoly.
| void gpx::phy2d::base_CPoly< F >::setEffMultiplier | ( | real_t | effMultiplier | ) | [inline] |
Set effective point's offset multiplier.
CPoly is able to calculate effective point value. For NewtonCollider simulation it is crucial to assure that effective point lies slightly outside polygon. Even if algorithm could find points which satisfy that assumption, they may lie in very close distance to the edge of the polygon. As a consequence precise position of effective point may be defected due to nature of floating point arithmetics (for example during transformations between local and global coordinates). To prevent this, effective point is slightly moved into direction normal to considered edge of the polygon. This parameter describes how far effective point should be dislocated. Initial dislocation distance, to be multiplied by this parameter, is the length of the edge for which effective point is being calculated.
| effMultiplier | effective point's offset multiplier. |
| real_t gpx::phy2d::base_CPoly< F >::effMultiplier | ( | ) | const [inline] |
Get effective point's offset multiplier.
| bool gpx::phy2d::base_CPoly< F >::test | ( | const math::const_VectorPtr< 2 > & | cvertex | ) | const [virtual] |
Point detection.
| point | collision point. |
true
, if point lies inside an object. Otherwise function shall return false
. Implements gpx::phy2d::IPointDetection.
| const model::VertexData< 2 > & gpx::phy2d::base_CPoly< F >::cvertices | ( | ) | const [virtual] |
Get colliding vertices.
C-vertices or colliding vertices are those vertices that bound object in particular polyg onal shape. C-vertices have to be given in object's local coordinates.
Implements gpx::phy2d::ICPoly.
| math::Vector< 2 > gpx::phy2d::base_CPoly< F >::eff | ( | const math::const_VectorPtr< 2 > & | pre, | |
| const math::const_VectorPtr< 2 > & | post | |||
| ) | const [virtual] |
Get effective collision point.
Based on pre- and post-collision points, object should determine effective collision point where collision occurred. In simplest approach just pre-collision point may be returned. Effective point have to be given in object's local coordinates.
| pre | pre-collision point. | |
| post | post-collision point. |
Implements gpx::phy2d::ICPoly.
| math::Vector< 2 > gpx::phy2d::base_CPoly< F >::normal | ( | const CollisionPoints & | ncPoints | ) | const [virtual] |
Get normal.
Get normal vector, which defines direction of collision. In most cases normal vector will be perpendicular to object's shape in the point where edge of the object and section defined by pre- and post-collision points intersect. Normal vector has to be given in global coordinates.
| cPoints | structure containing pre-, post- and effective collision points. |
Implements gpx::phy2d::ICPoly.
| ICPolyGroup::element_t gpx::phy2d::base_CPoly< F >::elements | ( | ) | const [virtual] |
| bool gpx::phy2d::base_CPoly< F >::findIntersectingSeg | ( | const model::const_Segment< 2 > & | seg | ) | const [inline, private] |
Find polygon's segment intersecting with segment seg.
If two or more intersection points exist, function will consider only first encountered intersecting segments.
| seg | segment. |
true
if intersecting segments were found, false
otherwise.
const real_t gpx::phy2d::base_CPoly< F >::INITIAL_EFF_MULTIPLIER = 1.0 / 128.0 [static] |
Default value of effective point offset multiplier.
real_t gpx::phy2d::base_CPoly< F >::m_effMultiplier [private] |
Effective point offset multiplier.