This document briefly describes the features of the Pmw megawidget
toolkit and how to use the megawidgets. Using examples, it
describes those features common to all Pmw megawidgets. For a
description of individual Pmw megawidgets see the
reference manuals.
For complete information on general Pmw megawidget functionality see the
Pmw.MegaArchetype reference manual.
For a lot more example code, run any of the files in the
Pmw demos
directory.
A simple example of a megawidget is a counter. This widget contains an entry field and two small arrow buttons. Users may enter a value directly into the entry field or they may use the buttons to increment and decrement the value displayed without having to use the keyboard. Having this and other megawidgets in your toolbox allows you to choose the best graphical interface for your application.
To run the examples in the tutorial, make sure that the
Pmw lib
directory is in sys.path
. You
should be able to cut and paste the examples into an interactive
python session, or you can copy them to a file and run the file with
python.
The following two lines should be entered before any of the
examples. These import and initialise Pmw.
For more information on Pmw.initialise()
see the
Pmw functions reference manual.
import Pmw root = Pmw.initialise()
If necessary, you can have more control over how Tkinter and Pmw are initialised by using this form of initialisation:
import Tkinter root = Tkinter.Tk() import Pmw Pmw.initialise(root)
Now that you have the formalities out of the way, you can create and pack a counter megawidget (see Pmw.Counter reference manual) using its default configuration like this:
counter1 = Pmw.Counter() counter1.pack(padx = 10, pady = 10)
Now enter a number and click on the arrow buttons to see the number increment or decrement. The result looks something like this:
The above example creates the counter as a child of the root window. If you want to create it as a child of another window (for example, a Tkinter.Frame widget called 'frame'), add the parent as an argument to the constructor:
counter1a = Pmw.Counter(frame)
Once a megawidget has been created, you can call any of its other methods in a similar way to Tk widgets. The following sets the value of the counter and then increments it:
counter1.setentry(41) counter1.increment()
Like any widget, a megawidget may have options to allow it to be configured for a particular use. Options allow the megawidget user to modify the appearance and behaviour of the megawidget. The counter megawidget has several such options. One of them, datatype, specifies how the counter should count up and down, such as, for example, by integers, reals, times or dates. The default value is 'numeric', which means the counter expects integers to be entered and will support incrementing and decrementing by whole numbers.
Another option is
increment, which specifies how many units should be
added or subtracted when the counter is incremented or decremented.
Using these options, you can create a time counter, supporting the
format HH:MM:SS, and counting in minutes, like
this (note also the call to the setentry
method to set
the contents of the entry field):
counter2 = Pmw.Counter( datatype = 'time', increment = 60) counter2.setentry('00:00:00') counter2.pack(padx = 10, pady = 10)
Many megawidget options can be modified using the
configure()
method. For example, you can change the
value of the increment option to 10 minutes like
this:
counter2.configure(increment = 60 * 10)
Some megawidget options can only be set when creating the megawidget.
These options can not be set by calling the configure()
method, but they can be queried in all the usual ways. For example,
the counter has an orient initialisation option
which specifies whether the arrow buttons should appear to the
left and right of the entry field ('horizontal')
or above and below ('vertical'). You can create a
numeric counter with arrow buttons above and below the entry
field like this:
counter3 = Pmw.Counter(orient = 'vertical') counter3.pack(padx = 10, pady = 10)
You can query the value of megawidget options (initialisation or not) in similar ways as for normal Tkinter widgets. For example, the following code prints the values of some of the counter options.
print counter3.cget('increment') --> 1 print counter3.configure('orient') --> ('orient', 'orient', 'Orient', 'horizontal', 'vertical')
When a Tk widget option is queried, its value is always
returned as a string, regardless of the type used when setting the
option. However, when a Pmw megawidget option is queried, a
reference to the object used when setting the option is returned.
In other words it is not always a string. For example, the type
returned by cget('increment')
above was integer.
Megawidgets are made up of other widgets, which we call
components. Each component is known by a logical name and
may be either a simple Tk widget, or may itself be a megawidget.
Pmw gives the megawidget user access to not only the functionality
supported directly by the megawidget through its options and methods,
but also to the components of the megawidget and their options and
methods. To access a component directly, use the
component()
method. For example, to call method
doit of component comp
of megawidget mega:
mega.component('comp').doit()
There is a short-hand way to access the options of components, by using the notation component_option. This allows, for example, a counter megawidget to be configured with different colored backgrounds for each of its arrow button components (these components are called downarrow and uparrow):
counter2.configure( downarrow_background = 'green', uparrow_background = 'red')
All megawidgets are enclosed in a containing widget which is created automatically by the Pmw base classes. For normal megawidgets the container is a Tkinter Frame widget. For megawidgets which are toplevel windows, the container is a Tkinter Toplevel widget. The containing widget is accessible as the hull component.
To access options of the containing widget use the form hull_option. For example to create a counter megawidget with a wide sunken border around it:
counter4 = Pmw.Counter( hull_relief = 'sunken', hull_borderwidth = 5 )
Some megawidgets, such as Dialog and LabeledWidget, also have a
frame into which users can pack other widgets. This frame may be a
component but can also be accessed with the interior()
method. For the Pmw.MegaToplevel and Pmw.MegaWidget classes, the
interior widget is the same as the hull widget. For other
megawidgets, the hull is the outer, containing widget and the
interior is the empty frame which can be used to extend the
megawidget by including extra internal widgets.
Components may themselves be megawidgets and so their (sub-)components can be referred to using the notation component_sub-component. For example, the entryfield component of the counter is a Pmw.EntryField megawidget (which handles the input validation). In turn, this has a Tkinter.Entry component named entry. Therefore, you can change the background of the counter's Tkinter.Entry widget with:
counter2.configure(entryfield_entry_background = 'yellow')
Most component path names (like entryfield_entry) have a shorter alias defined for them. In this case, you can use the equivalent:
counter2.configure(entry_background = 'yellow')
Each megawidget component is an instance of some python class. The default class of each component is given in the reference manual. By using the special pyclass component option, you can specify a different python class to use when creating the component. For example, to create a Pmw.Counter megawidget which has a Tkinter.Button as its label, rather than the default Tkinter.Label:
counter5 = Pmw.Counter( labelpos = 'w', label_text = 'Hello', label_pyclass = Tkinter.Button )
Since a Pmw megawidget is a normal python class, it both inherits methods from its base classes and also may have other methods defined for it in the usual way. Pmw also supports a third way that a megawidget may gain methods - by 'forwarding' methods to one or more of its subwidgets. This is also known as 'delegating'. For example, a Pmw.Counter megawidget delegates the methods related to its Pmw.EntryField component, entryfield, to the component. It does not have to explicitely define methods which call the component methods. This is why we can call counter2.setentry() - since setentry() is a method of the Pmw.EntryField component, it is available to the Pmw.Counter.
Methods already defined by a class or its base classes take precedence over delegated methods. For example, Pmw.Counter inherits a cget method from Pmw.MegaArchetype. Therefore, this method is not delegated to the cget method of Pmw.EntryField.
There are several ways of extending Pmw megawidgets. Firstly, the flexibility of the options and components allows the widget's appearance and behaviour to be greatly modified. Secondly, widgets of the user's choice can be added inside some megawidgets by using the interior() method. The Pmw classes MegaToplevel, MegaWidget, Dialog and LabeledWidget are particularly designed to be extended in this way. For example, to create a dialog window containing a counter:
dialog = Pmw.Dialog( title = 'Counter dialog', buttons = ('OK', 'Cancel')) interior = dialog.interior() counter = Pmw.Counter(interior) counter.pack(padx = 20, pady = 20)
A third way to extend megawidgets is to inherit from (or subclass)
them. See How to build Pmw
megawidgets for information on how to use inheritance to extend
a megawidget by adding new options. For simpler cases, where new
methods are to be added to an existing megawidget and/or the default
values for some options are to be changed, normal subclassing can be
used. For example, to create new classes based on a Pmw.Counter,
one with a new method getminutes()
and one with a
default datatype of 'time' and a white entry background:
class MinuteCounter1(Pmw.Counter): def getminutes(self): return Pmw.timestringtoseconds(self.getvalue()) / 60 class MinuteCounter2(Pmw.Counter): def __init__(self, parent = None, **kw): kw['datatype'] = 'time' kw['entry_background'] = 'white' kw['entryfield_value'] = '00:00:00' kw['increment'] = 60 apply(Pmw.Counter.__init__, (self, parent), kw)
The following code is a small example of how to use Pmw megawidgets. It is a complete program which displays three ways for the user to enter a value - using an up-down counter, an entry field with validation and a dropdown combobox.
import Pmw root = Pmw.initialise(fontScheme = 'pmw1') counter = Pmw.Counter( label_text = 'Counter:', labelpos = 'w', entryfield_value = '00:00:00', entryfield_validate = 'time', datatype='time', increment=5*60, ) counter.pack(fill = 'x', padx = 10, pady = 10) entry = Pmw.EntryField( label_text = 'Real entry:', labelpos = 'w', value = '+2.9979e+8', validate = 'real', ) entry.pack(fill = 'x', padx = 10, pady = 10) combo = Pmw.ComboBox( label_text = 'ComboBox:', labelpos = 'w', scrolledlist_items = map(str, range(20)) ) combo.pack(fill = 'x', padx = 10, pady = 10) # Make the labels line up neatly Pmw.alignlabels((counter, entry, combo)) root.title('Pmw megawidgets example') root.mainloop()
The following also shows how to use Pmw megawidgets. It displays a RadioSelect megawidget and an exit button packed into the root window.
import Tkinter import Pmw def callback(tag): # This is called whenever the user clicks on a # button in the RadioSelect widget. print tag, 'was pressed.' # Initialise Tkinter and Pmw. root = Pmw.initialise(fontScheme = 'pmw1') root.title('Pmw RadioSelect demonstration') # Create and pack a RadioSelect widget. radio = Pmw.RadioSelect( command = callback, labelpos = 'w', label_text = 'Food group:') radio.pack(padx = 20, pady = 20) # Add some buttons to the RadioSelect. for text in ('Fruit', 'Vegetables', 'Cereals', 'Legumes'): radio.add(text) radio.invoke('Vegetables') # Create an exit button. exit = Tkinter.Button(text = 'Exit', command = root.destroy) exit.pack(pady = 20) # Let's go. root.mainloop()
There are several ways to use the Tk option database to customise a Pmw application. Firstly you can customise all the basic Tk widgets in the usual way. For example, to set the background of all Tkinter.Label widgets (whether a megawidget component or not):
root.option_add('*Label.background', 'pink')
To set the background of all Pmw.EntryField label components:
root.option_add('*EntryField.Label.background', 'green')
To set the background of all Pmw.EntryField components, including the hull component:
root.option_add('*EntryField*background', 'blue')
The above option settings affect basic Tk widgets and, since it is
built into the Tk widgets, this functionality is always available.
However, to be able to use the Tk option database to set the default
values for Pmw megawidget options, Pmw.initialise()
must be called with useTkOptionDb = 1
. If this is not
done, Pmw does not query the Tk option database for megawidget
option defaults. This is the default behaviour because there is a
slight performance penalty for using the Tk option database.
Assuming useTkOptionDb
has been set, the default
buttonbox position of all Pmw.Dialog megawidgets can be changed
with:
root.option_add('*Dialog.buttonboxpos', 'e')
To set the label position of all Pmw.EntryField megawidgets, thus giving them a label component by default:
root.option_add('*EntryField.labelpos', 'w')
Pmw 1.2 - 5 Aug 2003 - Home


Rails
Mongoid was built and targeted towards Rails applications, even though it will work in any environment. However if you are using Rails consult the next two sections on how Mongoid hooks into a Rails application.
For a sample Rails application and examples of domain modeling, please see the Mongoid demo application, Echo. Note that currently the application is only models and specs.
Multi Parameter Attributes
If you want to use multi-paramater attributes with Rails, you will need to include an extra Mongoid module to support it.
| The reason for needing to include a module is due to the fact that we believe this is not a very usable way of handling date/time entry in forms, with a complex implementation. |
class Person include Mongoid::Document include Mongoid::MultiParameterAttributes end
Railties
Mongoid provides some railties and initializers that one should be aware of when writing a Rails application with Mongoid.
Configuration
You can set Mongoid configuration options in your application.rb
along with other Rails environment specific options by accessing
config.mongoid
. Options set here will override those set in
your config/mongoid.yml
.
module MyApplication class Application < Rails::Application config.mongoid.logger = Logger.new($stdout, :warn) config.mongoid.persist_in_safe_mode = true end end
Model Preloading
In order to properly set up single collection inheritance, Mongoid needs to preload all models before every request in development mode. This can get slow, so if you are not using any inheritance it is recommended you turn this feature off.
config.mongoid.preload_models = false
Exceptions
Similar to Active Record, Mongoid tells raise to return specific http codes when some errors are raised.
Mongoid::Errors::DocumentNotFound
: 404Mongoid::Errors::Validations
: 422
Unicorn and Passenger
When using Unicorn or Passenger, each time a child process is forked when using app preloading or smart spawning, Mongoid will automatically reconnect to the master database. If you are doing this in your application manually you may remove your code.
Rake Tasks
Mongoid provides the following rake tasks when used in a Rails 3 environment:
-
db:create
: Exists only for dependency purposes, does not actually do anything. -
db:create_indexes
: Reads all index definitions from the models and attempts to create them in the database. -
db:remove_indexes
: Reads all secondary index definitions from the models and attempts to remove indexes that are not defined. -
db:drop
: Drops all collections in the database with the exception of the system collections. -
db:migrate
: Exists only for dependency purposes, does not actually do anything. -
db:purge
: Deletes all data, including indexes, from the database. Since 3.1.0 -
db:schema:load
: Exists only for framework dependency purposes, does not actually do anything. -
db:seed
: Seeds the database from db/seeds.rb -
db:setup
: Creates indexes and seeds the database. -
db:test:prepare
: Exists only for framework dependency purposes, does not actually do anything.


B01502146
The First Time Learning to Make Webpage by HTML CSS JAVASCRIPT
HOME
Game
References
Use Spacebar to Control the Bird.
Fly Fly Little Bird
GAME OVER
RESTART
Audio
On
START
Score:
0
Speed:
10


http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=LWaOjrb_SS6Rxf_WJPoBbA
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=iYGqnFu716OTHGZoh8PglA
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=Ceh7rkNW7CdYMxSUz1aoKA
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=hBKGd5ghjGCq7UOd_TQjcw
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=I0TTp_tq1xwtwukgbLc7qQ
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=gt9ges3IACGYugjGY9U08Q
Rising for Revolution, Day 2
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=3gihHPFR5WhwcbGfVfcLuw
Stay tuned for more!
We’re prepping a recap including quotes from global coordinators,
press stories, and videos.
Be sure to visit the website at onebillionrising.org
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=IlGR7v9SMhNnkVXKtjN92g
which features social media from around the globe.
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=gRpcqE6_YDn7iT4T2KLdYA
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=w-Bfv-f8U9s38dMD-5b7dg
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=LHtAR6nE8idmtcnfY0YWng
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=4W72YprOXjhCmD40_M3NmA
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=wj07B6WfSpT434Bgx4WRMQ
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=TlQ6EJDGTCfQPxxbttzc0w
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=qCqQkmxl90A1qmE7rgO9kg
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=WzPhg7VMsbT0mZChdvQoMg
unsubscribe
http://action.vday.org/site/CO?i=omiG5fjiFHWvYTTmOj0k6kG7CEacIaPO&cid=1062
Powered By Blackbaud


Formalising Laboratory Reporting Guidelines with Semantic Web Technologies
a Case in Column Chromatography
Created by Dena Tahvildari / @demontanaa
PhD Candidate -- VU Amsterdam and Wageningen UR
Supervisors: Prof. Guus Schreiber, Prof. Jan Top
email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>We are exploring the role of semantics on authoring a reproducible methodology reports
- Motivation
- Research question
- Method
- Results
- Discussion
Guidelines for reporting an experiment
- they can be imprecise or ambiguous due to the use of natural language
- no computational support
the quality of laboratory method descriptions
- some of them present insufficient granularity
- they can be imprecise or ambiguous
Hypothesis is:
an explicit representation of the reporting guidelines can contribute to the quality of descriptions
Main Research Question
Can a formal representation of reporting guidelines contribute to the quality of the laboratory method description?
Can MIAPE reporting guidelines be used as a knowledge acquisition source to create ontology?
Method to extract and represent information
- select a use case -- MIAPE-CC
- create vocabulary from MIAPE-CC reporting guidelines
- evaluation: we measured the occurrence of the extracted terms in the material and method sections.
Case description
Column chromatography experiment
creating vocabulary
- scope: 7 classes were identified
- terms were manually extracted from the guideline:
in total 83 terms were collected
evaluation
- create a corpus: collect "material and method sections" from publications
- conduct a term occurrence experiment
Results
The word occurrence measurement showed that from 83
terms in the vocabulary, 40 terms never occurred in any of
the method description sections (48%). The 43 remaining
terms occurred at least in one method section (51%)
| classes |
never occurred |
occurred |
| general descriptions |
4 |
1 |
| Sample |
9 |
8 |
| Equipment |
22 |
2 |
| Mobile Phase |
0 |
2 |
| Column Run |
0 |
5 |
| pre and post run processes |
2 |
6 |
| Column Output |
13 |
9 |
Explanations
we consulted a domain expert and qualitatively analysed the data by inspecting the selected method sections.
- authors do not report on the general information in the method sections
- authors do not use the terminology related to the high level class
Branched sugar arabinon was obtained from British
Sugar – Mcleary.
- authors use synonyms
Discussion
- Descriptions often refer to another article in which the method is described, particularly for frequently reused methods.
- Some information may only be mentioned in the title. For example, the full name of the column may be mentioned in the title, and from then on they will only use the word ‘column’, as it should be clear what sort of column.
we argue that:
the reproducibility of an experimental method description is indebted to the existence of minimum information about that experiment
We learned that:
our present method does not recognize the synonyms, abbreviations, and instances.
limitations of our method:
1. No semantic relations.
2. Low the sample size (N=62).
We conclude that:
MIAPE is a good starting point for creating the required vocabulary, but it needs to be further elaborated.


LFOs can be connected to Tone.Signals and AudioParams to control nearly anything. This example uses a slow square wave LFO on the pitch and two sine waves on the detune and amplitude.


You are viewing an historical archive of past issues. Please
report new issues to the appropriate project issue tracker on
GitHub.
Issues
| # | Summary | Product | Status | Kind | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2053 |
Unable to flush tags |
Command-T | open | bug | |
| 2052 |
Differentiate header styles in wiki articles |
wincent.com | closed | bug | Created , updated |
| 2051 |
Update to jQuery 2.0 |
wincent.com | closed | feature request | Created , updated |
| 2050 |
Update to Git <IP_ADDRESS> |
wincent.com | closed | feature request | Created , updated |
| 2049 |
Pathogen Install with system ruby throwing warnings |
Command-T | open | bug | |
| 2048 |
Building Command-T c extension with rake fails |
Command-T | closed | bug | Created , updated |
| 2045 |
Difficulty overwriting existing hot keys |
Synergy | open | bug | |
| 2044 |
Update to Git 1.8.1 |
wincent.com | closed | feature request | |
| 2043 |
Synergy auto-download not working |
wincent.com | closed | bug | Created , updated |
| 2041 |
Add an option to prefer current file path when searching |
Command-T | open | feature request |


Comparison of Orientation Representations
Matrices, Euler Angles, Quaternions
Rotating points between coodinate spaces
Matrix: Possible
Euler: Impossible (convert to Matrix)
Quat: Impossible (convert to Matrix)
Concatenation or incremental rotation
Matrix: Possible. Usually slower than Quat. Matrix creep
Euler: Impossible
Quat: Possible. Usually faster than matrix.
Interpolation
Matrix: Impossible
Euler: Possible. Aliasing may cause Gimbal locks.
Quat: Possible. Slerp provides smooth interpolations.
Human Friendly
Matrix: No
Euler: Yes
Quat: No
Storage size
Matrix: 9 numbers
Euler: 3 numbers
Quat: 4 numbers
Representation is unique for given orientation
Matrix: Yes
Euler: No
Quat: Two distinct representations for any orientation, which are negates of
one another.
Can become invalid?
Matrix: creep can occur
Euler: Any three numbers are valid
Quat: Error creep can occur
Notes:
Euler is great for humans to work with. Don't forget that. Optimize later, when needed
Matrix must be used if vector coordinate space transformations are needed.
For animations, use something smaller (Euler or Quat)
Quats are great at interpolation


This is a demonstration of a proposed extension of the ROR research organization identifiers, to link institutions with their sub-units in any hierarchy, whether or not the particular sub-unit has its own ROR identifier. This particular implementation uses Wikidata item identifiers as the extension identifiers, so the full id looks something like
05rrcem69/Q101018345.


Bachelor's of Science in Computer Science
from the University of Maryland, Baltimore
County. Skilled in programming languages
like C, C#, C++, Java, and Python. Back-end
development is no problem.
Designer
I'm also proficient
in front-end development. HTML, CSS, JavaScript,
Bootstrap, ReactJS. Making the UX and UI
better is crucial. But, I also always try to bring my vision to life.
Creator
At the end of the day, I'm a creator. I love working on projects
and making new ideas come to life.


PM Hasina hands Fire Service three jumbo cushions
by bdnews24.comPrime Minister Sheikh Hasina has handed three ‘jumbo cushions’ imported from Germany to the Fire Service and Civil Defence.
The cushions will be used in rescue efforts during building fires or similar incidents. The cushions can be inflated in a minute and people will be able to jump on it even from 35 metres above. There will be no physical harm if they jump on the cushions.
The fire-resistant cushion is 50.6 cubic metres in size and weighs 80kg. United Commercial Bank funded the imports of the cushions each costing Tk 5 million, the Prime Minister’s Office said on Sunday.
Md Shahiduzzaman, secretary of the home ministry’s Security Service Department, highlighted the hurdles confronted by firefighters on duty. The prime minister issued necessary directives following his remarks.
“Globally, the authorities surround the area with a yellow tape when a fire breaks out and Bangladesh can opt for the same process,” Press Secretary Ihsanul Karim told reporters citing the prime minister.
Home Minister Asaduzzaman Khan, Land Minister Saifuzzaman Chowdhury, Principal Secretary Md Nazibur Rahman, Prime Minister’s Office Secretary Sajjadul Hassan, Fire Service and Civil Defence Director General Md Sajjad Hossain were present at the event.


Thank you for uploading your resume. Our experts shall analyse your resume and get in touch with you within 24 hours.
Return to Home


 Riverside Art Center, a 501c3 organization, was founded to inspire creativity through the arts. Located in beautiful & historic downtown Wapakoneta, OH. Riverside Art Center is home to a variety of art classes and exhibits for all ages. Create one of a kind art pieces at our art events. Visit our gallery to view our members art work and purchase pieces for your home. We host art exhibits featuring members, local artists and students from local schools. Sign up for our art classes to learn painting, drawing and similar techniques.
Pull Quote
“Saving the past in black and white and sometimes with a little color.”
Image Caption
Colors
Primary Colors
Secondary Colors
Neutral Grays
Spacing
Navigation
Desktop Navigation (Hover all the navigation links)
LOGO
Mobile Navigation (Click the hamburger icon and Hover the navigation button)
LOGO
Buttons
Primary Button (Try Hovering)
Secondary Button (Try Hovering)
Disabled Button
Forms
Default (Input text)
Assistive Text
Resizable (Try resizing by clicking the corner triangle)
Cards
Default card
Heading
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nulla commodo non diam vitae pulvinar. Cras vel est convallis fermentum lacinia vel nec ligula. Pellentesque congue tellus a dui condimentum, vitae facilisis sapien.


We're sorry but vue-examples doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled. Please enable it to continue.


Use this field to specify the location of the .properties file.
Type the path in the field, or click dialog that opens.
and select the required file in
the
For more detailed description of the properties in the catalog property file, see the example of Annotated CatalogManager
properties file.


EXY is a movement i made in late 2016, It suddenly started gaining attention and now gaining profit. Although it had taken months of work and publishing and now we are starting up merch for a very cheap cost.
ABOUT ME
My life took a digital turn at the age of 12 and I never went back on that decision. Development has been a passion of mine ever since, whereas my "design drive" came a bit after I made some horrendous stuff.
Contact Me
Discord:


Map of Life demo release - Help page
This video demonstrates how to use the species list tool works and how to do taxonomic searches, which are the two main methods of getting results. Map of Life will work on all current versions of most browsers, but we cannot guarantee browser backwards compatibility (e.g. we expect that Internet Explorer 8.0 may not work, but IE9.0 should).
Searching and selecting species
Figure 1. The Search Widget
-
You may search for any species by scientific name (e.g. Ochotona princeps) or by vernacular name (e.g. American Pika)
-
Searching uses auto-complete and you can click on any listed species to return its distribution layers
-
You can also continue typing and press “Go” get all matching distribution layers (e.g. all with “Pika” or “Ochotona” in name)
-
After search, a list of distributional product layers appears showing Names, Sources, Types and Results
-
The two icons next to the species name represent layer source and type and roll-over provides a verbal description
-
Among product layers returned in “Results”, you can filter by clicking a specific Source or Type
-
Select any single, set or “all” of product layers in “Results” for display and click “Map Selected Layers”
Working with the Active Layers Interface
Figure 2. The Active Layers Widget
-
Selected distribution layers are “moved over’’ to your active layers, on the top right of the mapping UI.
-
Each layer has an “opacity slider” that you can adjust, along with three other icons:
-
an eye to make the layer visible or invisible
-
the letter “z” to zoom to the geographic extent of the layer
-
the letter “x” that closes the layer.
-
You may select a layer by clicking it and should see an outline in red around that layer. Now click any place on the map where that type of distributional product is visible.
-
Example: if “regional checklist” is selected, clicking on a region with species presence will retrieve region-specific information.
-
The active layers can be dragged up or down in the layer stack using your mouse. Doing so changes the layer ordering.
-
You can toggle all layers to become invisible or remove all layers at once using the buttons on the “active layers” window.
Species list tool
Figure 3. Species list tool settings
-
The species list tool will show a list of taxa in an area of interest.
-
The tool is toggled on by default. Click the on/off button to toggle, or click the arrow to close.
-
Select search radius, taxonomic class, and data source (for Reptiles only), and then click anywhere on the map.
-
A list of results is returned in a pop-up window which includes: the detailed coordinates of the search location, the total number of species found, information from wikipedia about each species, a link to the Encyclopedia of Life entry for the species, a gallery of species images, a chart showing species by IUCN status, and a csv download link.
-
Distribution layers for any species can be mapped right from the list of species or the image gallery.
-
The results table can be sorted by all columns.
-
Clicking on Species, Family, and Order names opens the respective Wikipedia pages.
Interacting with the Maps
-
When a layer is selected in the Layers widget, click on appropriate map elements to retrieve metadata about that layer (for example, if species occurrence points is selected, click on any point to get its description)
-
You can pan by grabbing and dragging the map and zoom by double-clicking or using the mouse wheel or a trackpad.
-
You can change the base map using the widget on the lower left of the map application.
Dashboard
-
The dashboard provides a list about about all of the products in the Map of Life, as well as summary statistics.
-
Click dashboard entries for complete collections-level information about the products.
-
The dashboard list can be filtered by any column, simply enter a search phrase in text box at the top of the column.
-
All of the dashboard list columns can be sorted
Legends
-
Legends are found to the left of layer entries. Click the legend buttons to edit the style of the layer.
-
Different parts of the bird range maps represent different portions of migrant birds breeding or non-breeding ranges during summer or winter.


Enter the system
It is necessary to login in Your account in order to sign in for a course.
Are you new?
Register
Already a student? Login
Remember me?
Forgot password


Plugin Information |
|---|
View Modern Status on the plugin site for more information. |
This plugin provides an alternative set of status and action icons to provide a fresh look to Jenkins and to be friendly for all users i.e. iconic not just color indication.
Build Status Icons
Status |
Build Finished |
Build In Progress |
|---|---|---|
No Build |
|
|
Build Disabled |
|
|
Successful Build |
|
|
Unstable Build |
|
|
Failed Build |
|
|
Aborted Build |
|
|
Project Icons
Action |
Icon |
|---|---|
Build Now |
|
Delete Project |
|
Workspace |
|
Attachments:
example.gif (image/gif)


Name:My Name is Asmit Singh
Work:I am a student of Mount Assisi School Sr.Section Bhagalpur
Languages:I speak fluent English and Hindi.
Comp. Languages:I know Java,HTML,JavaScript and Python.
Future Plans:I want to become a software programmer.
My Website:https://github.com/AsmitSingh/HPro.github.io
My YT Channel:Youtube


Please allow 24hrs for your feedback to be posted.
Name: ITgeek56
Date: Mar 18th 2013
Title: Excellent Investment Apps
Comments:guys, this app you got to have it. The name of the apps speak for itself. Good security system, checked with my bank and they confirmed.
Name: Trade98M
Date: Feb 9th 2013
Title:Powerful Investment Tracker and Portfolio Advisor
Comments:The free webapp analyses your portfolio and delivers personalized recommendations, connects you to financial advisors, and gives you an in-depth look at all aspects of your investments. Compare to others, this app also monitors your personal finance. What could be cooler than that?
Name: tf5TheBoss
Date: Jan 30th 2013
Title: good automated approach
Comments: MOG is good-looking and the automatic approach is great.


Equivalent to clicking the AutoFormat command on the Format menu when a worksheet is active or clicking the AutoFormat button. Formats the selected range of cells from a built-in gallery of formats.
Syntax
FORMAT.AUTO(format_num, number, font, alignment, border, pattern, width)
FORMAT.AUTO?(format_num, number, font, alignment, border, pattern, width)
Format_num is a number from 1 to 17 corresponding to the formats in the Table Format list box in the AutoFormat dialog box.
| Format_num | Table Format |
| 0 | None |
| 1 or omitted | Classic 1 |
| 2 | Classic 2 |
| 3 | Classic 3 |
| 4 | Accounting 1 |
| 5 | Accounting 2 |
| 6 | Accounting 3 |
| 7 | Colorful 1 |
| 8 | Colorful 2 |
| 9 | Colorful 3 |
| 10 | List 1 |
| 11 | List 2 |
| 12 | List 3 |
| 13 | 3D Effects 1 |
| 14 | 3D Effects 2 |
| 15 | Japan 1 (Far East versions of Microsoft Excel only) |
| 16 | Japan 2 (Far East versions of Microsoft Excel only) |
| 17 | Accounting 4 |
| 18 | Simple |
The following arguments are logical values corresponding to the Formats To Apply check boxes in the AutoFormat dialog box. If an argument is TRUE or omitted, Microsoft Excel selects the check box; if FALSE, Microsoft Excel clears the check box.
Number corresponds to the Number check box.
Font corresponds to the Font check box.
Alignment corresponds to the Alignment check box.
Border corresponds to the Border check box.
Pattern corresponds to the Pattern check box.
Width corresponds to the Column Width/Row Height check box.
Related Functions
ALIGNMENT Aligns or wraps text in cells
BORDER Adds a border to the selected cell or object
FONT.PROPERTIES Applies a font to the selection
FORMAT.NUMBER Applies a number format to the selection
PATTERNS Changes the appearance of the selected object
Return to index


Press n or j to go to the next uncovered block, b, p or k for the previous block.
| File | Statements | Branches | Functions | Lines | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| src | 100% | 3/3 | 100% | 0/0 | 100% | 0/0 | 100% | 3/3 | |
| src/app | 92.31% | 12/13 | 45.45% | 10/22 | 100% | 3/3 | 100% | 9/9 | |
| src/app/admin | 92.68% | 38/41 | 49.32% | 36/73 | 90.91% | 10/11 | 100% | 28/28 | |
| src/app/admin/email-blast | 93.75% | 15/16 | 55.17% | 16/29 | 100% | 5/5 | 100% | 11/11 | |
| src/app/admin/users | 52.75% | 48/91 | 45.16% | 42/93 | 72.73% | 16/22 | 77.55% | 38/49 | |
| src/app/customer | 93.75% | 15/16 | 55.17% | 16/29 | 100% | 5/5 | 100% | 11/11 | |
| src/app/customer-list | 80% | 48/60 | 54.72% | 29/53 | 78.95% | 15/19 | 83.02% | 44/53 | |
| src/app/dashboard | 90.48% | 19/21 | 54.84% | 17/31 | 100% | 5/5 | 93.75% | 15/16 | |
| src/app/nav | 94.44% | 17/18 | 55.17% | 16/29 | 100% | 5/5 | 100% | 13/13 |


I am a Web Developer who recently graduated from Colgate University where I minored in computer science. As I continued to explore programming, it grew from an interest to an obsession of mine. At Dev BootCamp, I got to fully embrace my coder mentality and started to change my thoughts from “wouldn’t it be cool if...” to “lets make this”. I love the feeling of working through all the complex logic and then writing simple and elegant code. I want to continue to surround myself with others that share my passions so I can continue to grow and polish my skills.
 Looking to break the mold away from the infinite scroll social media, users `drop` their content wherever they happen to be at that exact moment.
- Acted as team lead, using Trello boards to allow for easier parallelization in order to minimize time needed between releases
- Built the front end out with Javascript separating different aspects of the front end into their own class of object in order to separate \concerns
- Utilized asynchronous requests, passing JSON formatted data back and forth in order to create a responsive application on a single page
- Integrated Google Maps api for its easy customization along with Geokit-rails for its added data base queries focused on distance and geolocation
Other tech used: Ruby (Rails framework), Active Record, Pure.css, paperclip, and S3.
Well known logic puzzle of coding a Sudoku solver. Written in both Ruby and then in Javascript
- Focused on Single Responsibility with both the Ruby version and the JS version
- Utilized OO design patterns to write clean and readable code
- Translated Ruby solution into Javascript to see the similarities and differences between the two languages, also adhering to SRP and OO patterns
- Incorporated the underscore library to add functionality when manipulating Javascript arrays
Dev BootCamp
Teaching Assistant
NYC
Oct 2015 to present
Responsible for answering student questions and code reviews. I have to be able to explain concepts in several languages simply and effectively but at the same time not just give out answers but help the students answer their own questions. This job is a great way not only for me to help others but also to keep my coding skills fresh as each question is a chance to review or adapt my way of thinking.
Word Capital
Technical and Portfolio Intern
NYC
May 2014 to Aug 2014
Technical analysis exploring market trends on the Bloomberg Terminal. Learned HTML and CSS on the job. Website maintenance, fixing bugs, reformatting, and adding features.
Microsoft's Skype Office
Intern
London
Apr 2014 to May 2014
Financial statement analysis through data entry and constructed an Excel spread sheet comparing Microsoft to its top competitors. Learned about Microsoft`s incorporation of Skype as leading global communication system and Skypes funnel approach to getting an active user base.
Starboard Side Landscaping
Crew Leader
Dennis, MA
2011 to 2013
Worked 40-50 hour weeks during the summer doing various landscaping and masonry jobs. Performed final checks on the job sites to maintain the level of quality. Supervised teams of up to 4 workers.
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>location_onNewton, MA
Ruby, Javascript, C, Python
jQuery, CSS, HTML
Rails, Sinatra
Rspec, Capybara
Git
Object Oriented, Behavior Driven Development, Agile, RESTful design, MVC
Colgate University
Bachelors of Arts 2015
Major: Economics
Minor: Computer Science
Graduated Cum Laude
Dev BootCamp
Immersive technical boot camp focusing in OO principles.
Language focus on Ruby in a Rails framework. Attended July through November of 2015


---
title: What's up with Posterous?
layout: post
---
I've decided to try blogging with Posterous so that I might actually
do it more often. Posterous seems like a really great way to log
interesting things I find poking around and possibly comment on them
at the same time. Maybe I will actually have an original thought one
day, too...


public class BrowserRep
extends java.lang.Object
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
BrowserRep()
Constructor |
BrowserRep(WebDriver driver,
DesiredCapabilities capabilities,
java.lang.String desc)
Constructor |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
close()
Close the current selenium instance |
void |
setLocalDriver()
Set the selenium driver as local
(webdriver instance) |
void |
setRemoteDriver(java.lang.String url)
Set the selenium driver as remote
(selenium grid or hub) |
public BrowserRep()
public BrowserRep(WebDriver driver, DesiredCapabilities capabilities, java.lang.String desc)
driver
- the selenium webdriver
capabilities
- the capabilities of the browser
desc
- the description of the browser
public void setLocalDriver()
public void setRemoteDriver(java.lang.String url) throws java.net.MalformedURLException
url
- the web page to process
java.net.MalformedURLException
public void close()


Bieter Eye Center is located in Cottage Grove, MN. Our office is just minutes away from Woodbury, Inver Grove Heights and Hastings, MN as well as Prescott, WI. Visit our Contact Us page for more information.
Doctors of Optometry are primary health care professionals who examine, diagnose, treat and manage diseases and disorders of the visual system, the eye, and associated structures as well as diagnose related systemic conditions.
They prescribe glasses, contact lenses, low vision rehabilitation, vision therapy, and medications as well as perform certain surgical procedures.
Dr. Jeff grew up in Cottage Grove. After completing his training at the Southern College of Optometry in Memphis, TN in 1994, he returned "home." After practicing nearly 12 years at the Allina Medical Clinic, he decided to embark on a new journey and open his own practice in 2006. He has enjoyed having his own business and has learned so much in these past few years.
Dr. Jeff is certified in diagnostic pharmaceutical agents, therapeutic pharmaceutical agents and CPR. He is a member of the American Optometric Association and the Minnesota Optometric Association. His professional interests include ocular disease and injury, glaucoma, retina, and keratoconus.
His hobbies include woodworking, horses, cooking and spending time with his wife and 2 kids. Dr. Jeff is also enjoying having his own hobby farm where he raises some grass fed beef and has egg-laying hens.
Dr. Kristel Rogers is a native of Minnesota, growing up in Pipestone. She is a graduate of Concordia College, Moorhead where she studied Biology and Psychology. She has been in the Cottage Grove area since 2006 after graduating Magna Cum Laude from Pacific University College of Optometry in Forest Grove, Oregon. She practiced first in New Richmond, Wisconsin for two years and then with Associated Eye Care in Woodbury for six years. She is thrilled to be part of the team at Bieter Eye Center.
Dr. Rogers is a member of the Beta Sigma Kappa Optometric Honor Society, the MN Optometric Association, and the American Optometric Association. She has been a Diplomat of the American Board of Optometry since 2012. She enjoys primary care optometry with an emphasis in ocular disease, contact lenses, surgical co-management and dry eye.
Dr. Rogers spends most of her free time with her husband and two young children. She also enjoys Pilates, Yoga, piano, flute and volunteers in various groups at her church.
Tracy joins our team bringing several years of optical experience with her. She is a licensed optician certified by the American Board of Opticianry. She has that knack to get your glasses adjusted "just so" and is always eager and pleased to help you pick out the perfect pair of glasses that look great. If any questions arise about lenses, frames or style please call or stop in and ask for Tracy. She will be happy to help.

Shanda is our new LEAD optician. She joins us with lots of experience in the optical field and we are excited to have her. She can help you pick that perfect pair of glasses and also has the knowledge to assist you in choosing the right lenses to match your needs.
When she is not at the office, Shanda enjoys spending time with her husband, kids and friends. Come in and see her, she would love to meet you!
Shelly has been on our team for 3 years now. She has transitioned from being our front desk coordinator to one of our optometric technicians. She wanted to expand and learn new things and we think it's just awesome. She has learned quickly so you will still see Shelly's familiar smiling face when you come in, just in a different place now!
Shelly has 2 grown sons that she loves to spend time with. She also enjoys volunteering at church and anything that involves the outdoors.
Mark fits right in at Bieter Eye Center mainly because of his customer service background! He is our excellent "lab guy". Mark is the one who is running our lab upstairs and making sure all of the glasses come out just as they should be. He is great at paying attention to detail and I don't think we could ask for better. Mark is also one of our opticians that you may run into helping you choose that perfect frame or making adjustments on the glasses you already have.
Mark stays busy in his spare time also. His interests include but are not limited to Music, Motorcycles and Fishing. His children and grand-children also keep he and his wife very active!
DeAnn has been a patient of ours so who better to hire to work with us than a patient! She wears many hats at the office. She does all of our insurance billing, backs up the front desk, does contact lens education and is also one of our opticians. She is happy to answer any questions regarding statements or insurance and if she does not know the answer, she will do everything it takes to find it!
When DeAnn is not at work, she is busy with her husband and 3 children. She enjoys reading, her dogs and aerobic walking.
When DeAnn is not at work, she is busy with her husband and 3 children. She enjoys reading, her dogs and aerobic walking.
Some of her hobbies include hunting, taking walks and hiking. Much of her spare time is spent with her significant other, Steve, and hanging out with their children and grandchildren. We are very happy to welcome Jeanne to our team!!
Sam has transitioned from being our Recall Coordinator to one of our Optometric Technicians, assisting the doctors with many of the pretests and Glaucoma tests that happen in our office. She also is in charge of all of our contact lens ordering and organizing. That can be a job in itself sometimes!
When Sam is not working, she loves anything outdoors! She loves to hunt, fish and snowboard. Sam was recently married this past May so also has fun hanging out with her husband and step-daughter.
Marcia is our newest Optician. She has past experience working as an optician and administrative assistant in the optical field. Marcia is all about helping you find that perfect pair of glasses! She is very personable and has a bright outgoing personality and loves to help others.
In her spare time Marcia loves spending time with her family and friends. She loves listening to music, playing games and relaxing in her backyard. Marcia's favorite quote is "People might not remember the things you say or do, but they will always remember how you made them feel".


Smart Contract History and Related Resources
I was writing this basic introduction, Smart Contracts: Use cases, and DApps
Smart contracts are self-executing code that defines and executes an agreement between multiple parties. That code contains simple “if/when…then…” statements executed within a distributed network that achieves consensus on transactions made within it.
When I came across:
-
lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/5003#comment-94645
-
A Next Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform (Vitaliks ANN post on lambda-the-ultimate)
Smart contracts and related languages have a long discussion history on LtU
-
A Next Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform (Vitaliks ANN post on lambda-the-ultimate)
Which took me down the rabbithole and led to the creation of this page.
Bitcoin History Discord Chat
Previously I was tracking all my information in one discord server, but I realized I would need more.
Recently, I made a separate server just for Bitcoin History. So you can find a ton of stuff there… and then there is the archive page from the original: sourcecrypto.pub / smart-contracts
There is still much work to be done, and right now all my Bitcoin content is being gathered together and should make a formiddable resource, soon!
Smart Contract History
VatA (the donor) deposits a reference to gift at nonce in VatC’s (the host’s) from-VatA-for-VatB table, and returns a Vine for the gift-entry.
Object Capabilities (ObCap)
The object-capability model was first proposed by Jack Dennis and Earl C. Van Horn in the 1966 paper.
- Programming Semantics for Multiprogrammed Computations
-
What Are Capabilities?
The capability paradigm is about access control. When a system, such as an OS or a website, is presented with a request for a service it provides, it needs to decide if it should actually do what the requestor is asking for. The way it decides is what we’re talking about when we talk about access control. If you’re like most people, the first thing you’re likely to think of is to ask the requestor “who are you?” The fundamental insight of the capabilities paradigm is to recognize that this question is the first step on the road to perdition. That’s highly counterintuitive to most people, hence the related controversy.
- wikipedia- Object-capability model
Mark S Miller
Mark S. Miller is an American computer scientist. He is known for his work as one of the participants in the 1979 hypertext project known as Project Xanadu; for inventing Miller columns; as the co-creator of the Agoric Paradigm[1] of market-based distributed secure computing; and the open-source coordinator of the E programming language. He also designed the Caja programming language.
Miller earned a BS in computer science from Yale in 1980 and published his Johns Hopkins PhD thesis in 2006.[2] Previously Chief Architect with the Virus-Safe Computing Initiative at HP Labs, he is now a research scientist at Google[3] and a member of the ECMAScript (JavaScript) committee.[4] - Wikipedia
- twitter.com/marksammiller
-
The Agoric Papers
These three papers by Mark S. Miller and K. Eric Drexler appeared in The Ecology of Computation, Bernardo Huberman (ed.) Elsevier Science Publishers/North-Holland, 1988.
- Mark Miller: Agoric and the Decades-Long Quest for Secure Smart Contracts. -Epicenter Podcast
Agoric
-
Agoric
- Object Capabilities with Kate Sills (podcast)
Nick Szabo
- Nick Szabo - Distributed Wikipedia Powered by IPFS
- Nick Szabo’s Essays, Papers, and Concise Tutorials - Nick Szabo’s Home Page
- Smart Contracts Glossary ‘95
- Smart Contracts: Building Blocks for Digital Markets - Nick Szabo 1996
- Formalizing and Securing Relationships on Public Networks- Nick Szabo
-
Let’s Talk Bitcoin! #246 Smart Contracts with Nick Szabo
Adam, Stephanie and Andreas spend an hour with crypto-scholar of note Nick Szabo in a wide ranging discussion covering Smart Contracts, Bitcoin and Blockchains.
-
A Technology, Legal & Regulatory Introduction — Foreword by Nick Szabo
- Prepared by: Smart Contracts Alliance — In collaboration with Deloitte
“the most secure environments for smart contracts are the most mature public blockchains, which are designed for trust minimization instead of trusting the often private and insecure system found resident with a central party” @NickSzabo4
- Prepared by: Smart Contracts Alliance — In collaboration with Deloitte
- A Formal Language for Analyzing Contracts ‘02
- Wet Code and Dry ‘06
Elang and other Early Work
- erights.org
- wiki.c3.com - E Language An ObjectCapabilityLanguage
- Mailing list ARChives— e-lang The E capability-secure scripting language
-
monte.readthedocs.io
- Monte is a programming language inspired by the E and Python programming languages. Monte aims to be:
- A reliable scaffold for secure distributed computing
- An example of capability-safe programming language design
- A model for misuse-resistant programming
-
news.ycombinator.com - E Programming Language
-
kentonv
I’m always astounded by the depth to which Mark has explored this space. On more than a few occasions, I’ve come up with an interesting idea for a new protocol or programming language feature or piece of distributed systems infrastructure and told Mark about it, only to find he had already thought of that problem and discovered and solved several issues I hadn’t even thought about yet.
Cap’n Proto RPC https://capnproto.org/rpc.html is based on E’s network protocol, CapTP, e.g. utilizing The Four Tables:
http://erights.org/elib/distrib/captp/4tables.html
https://github.com/capnproto/capnproto/blob/master/c++/src/capnp/rpc.capnp#L116
(You can think of this design as an extension of the file descriptor table concept in Unix, except that both sides may export descriptors to the other side (so that calls can flow either way), and either side can be responsible for assigning the numeric descriptor value for any particular description (which makes it easier to compensate for a high-latency transport).)
When I first told Mark I was working on an object-oriented RPC protocol, he insisted I visit him and listen while he explained all this to me, and boy am I glad he did… would have taken a lot longer for me to figure it out myself.
It’s crazy that most of the content of erights.org was written over 10 years ago – I think some of it goes back to the 90’s, even.
-
7373737373
Modern smart contract systems should learn a lesson or five from it, most importantly, (object) capability security.
Why? Because it lets programs handle permissions like other objects, keeping them apart and thus reducing the attack surface and preventing Confused Deputy [0] attacks.
-
ghosthamlet - news.ycombinator
The E on Common Lisp Project website is down, code on github: https://github.com/kpreid/e-on-cl
e-on-javascript: https://github.com/kpreid/e-on-javascript
-
kentonv
Bitcoin
- Yes, Bitcoin Can Do Smart Contracts and Particl Demonstrates How The Bitcoin blockchain is not known for its ability to enable smart contracts. In fact, most developers creating smart contracts use a different blockchain, like Ethereum. But the truth is that the Bitcoin protocol can be used to create smart contracts. Particl.io, the blockc…
- Scriptless Scripts: How Bitcoin Can Support Smart Contracts Bitcoin’s capacity is limited. Meanwhile, smart contracts can be resource intensive. So even though Bitcoin has always supported basic smart contract functionality, the two have never been a natural match.But a recent topic of research spearheaded by Blockstream mathematici…
-
http://www.rootstock.io/
RSK, bitcoin´s smart contract platform.
Colored Coins
-
Colored Coins - BitcoinX - Vitalik Buterin, Meni Rosenfeld
By the original design bitcoins are fungible, acting as a neutral medium of exchange. However, by carefully tracking the origin of a given bitcoin, it is possible to “color” a set of bitcoins to distinguish it from the rest. These bitcoins can then have special properties supported by either an issuing agent or by public agreement, and have value independent of the face value of the underlying bitcoins. Such colored bitcoins can be used for alternative currencies, commodity certificates, smart property, and other financial instruments such as stocks and bonds.
Because colored coins make use of the existing Bitcoin infrastructure and can be stored and transferred without the need for a third party, and even be exchanged for one another in an atomic transaction, they can open the way for the decentralized exchange of things that are not possible by traditional methods. In this paper we will discuss the implementation details of colored coins and some of their use cases.
- Colored Coins Whitepaper 2.0 - Google Doc
- https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Colored_Coins
- Making Sense of Colored Coins
-
Godfather of Ethereum
About a year and a half ago in autumn 2013, I was working as the lead developer with Vitalik Buterin (who later became the initiator of the Ethereum project) on another project with the name ‘Keidom’ (now called ascribe.io). The idea behind Keidom/Ascribe was to develop a custom colored-coin web-wallet for registering and transfering digital art in a secure way, based on the Bitcoin blockchain, with build-in proof-of-existence. We developed a working prototype during September and November 2013.
- Could This Holy Bitcoin Trinity Revive Colored Coins? -2014
Ethereum
The short version is that Vitalik started Ethereum after a few attempts to integrate colored coins with Bitcoin.
-
Crypto Bites - A Chat with Ethereum Founder
So what actually happened was that back in maybe October 2013, I spent some time working on projects like colored coins and Mastercoin, so these were the existing layer twos that were trying to kind of extend Bitcoin with more advanced functionality, and at one point I realized that, hey, you could replace these five features with one other feature by just basically having a programming language instead of these five specific different transaction types. And it kind of came over time.
The first thing I did was I made a proposal to Mastercoin that would replace basically five of the transaction types they have with a programming language designed to express financial contracts between two parties. So you could do binary options, contracts for different bets—
- ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper
DAO
-
What’s in a Name? — The Disambiguation of Smart Contracts
2014 and Gavin Wood takes the stage at the auditorium in Barclays Whitechapel Accelerator space to describe a brave new world of…
- They Might be Smart, but these contracts need to be more Secure ‘16
-
Scanning Live Ethereum Contracts for Bugs - ‘16
In this post, we examine just how prevalent the recently discovered “unchecked-send” bug is in real, live, deployed Ethereum contracts, with the aid of an automated analysis
After DAO
-
The Future of the Blockchain: my DevCon IV talk. – Mattereum - Humanizing the Internet
This year October 31 at the DevCon IV I gave the first talk on the Smart Property Register — the Mattereum innovation, which I think is…
-
Researchers: Roughly 60% of Ethereum smart contracts have never been interated with
A group of researchers from the Northeastern University and the University of Maryland published a paper detailing their analysis of Ethereum’s contract topology. The researchers modify Ethereum’s geth client to log how users and contracts interact with one another. The r…
-
Ethereum in BigQuery: a Public Dataset for smart contract analytics
Ethereum transactions, like some other cryptocurrencies, are stored in a public ledger. Learn how to analyze that ledger in BigQuery to better understand transaction and even contracts history.
Resources
Ricardian - Legal
- On the intersection of Ricardian and Smart Contracts
-
Smart Contracts, Dumb Signatures: Why Blockchain-based signatures
This is not legal advice, please seek professional guidance from an attorney.
-
Defining smart contracts – Craig Wright – Medium
When contrasting contractual principles, it is clear that where a contract is not required to be in writing (Columbia Law Review, Apr…
-
The application, scope and limits of Letters of Indemnity in Bitco…
The Bill of Lading is a document unique document as its negotiability fulfils several purposes. These documents have led to a…
-
coala.global
- Coalition of Automated Legal Applications
Smart Signatures
- WebOfTrustInfo/rwot2-id2020 - Smarter Signatures
- Smart Signatures—Experiments in Authentication -Christopher Allen -SlideShare
- Simplicity Itself for Blockchains
- Near Future of Programming Languages
- Stephen Diehl (@smdiehl) ‘17
Languages - Platforms
-
Overtorment/awesome-smart-contracts
List of awesome platforms for smart contracts. Contribute to Overtorment/awesome-smart-contracts development by creating an account on GitHub.
-
Comparison of Smart Contract Platforms – Hacker Noon
Ivy-lang, Plutus, Solidity, Scrypto, Michelson, Hoon, Rust, …
-
Meet ‘Spedn’ — A Smart Contract Programming Language for Bitcoin Cash
- On Wednesday, a developer called Tendo Pein announced the launch of a new smart contract programming language for the Bitcoin Cash network. Pein said “Spedn,” a BCH-based language, is designed for explicitness and safety while having a syntax similar to the C programming …
-
Cardano Introduces Smart Contracts For Financial Transactions
Marlowe, a new smart contract language for Cardano aimed primarily at financial contracts on the blockchain was revealed some days ago. The language has been developed by researchers from IOHK, a company that are the main developers and maintainers of the blockchain Cardano.
Learn-BUIDL
This page isn’t really about learning how to do smart contracts, but more about the history and different aspects of smart contracts. However, I have these links, and I’ll throw them here until I make a page devoted to learning how-to.
-
Learn Solidity — The Ethereum smart contract programming language
In the course of time that I am involved in Ethereum development, I have noticed that not much information exists yet to learn Solidity…
- https://solidity.readthedocs.io/
-
NEO Smart Contract development
My first Smart Contract on NEO blockchain in C#: Open Visual Studio 2017. In Team explorer click on Clone and insert the neo-compiler link: https://github.
-
Blockchain Unleashed: IBM Blockchain Blog
Whether you’re new to smart contracts on blockchain, or you’re looking for an in-depth explanation, this guide is a great place to start.
- Building a non-fungible token sales smart contract -Selling non-fungible tokens and the ERC721 standard
-
Philip Daian | Smart Contract Security - Incentives Beyond the Launch
To mitigate security issues that were quickly evident in the deployment of smart contracts, developers have tried a wide variety of security techniques. Standard when deploying new contracts is…
-
Preparing for a Smart Contract Code Audit – ConsenSys Media
If you are planning to launch a project on the Ethereum blockchain, you probably know the importance of a third-party code audit. An…
-
Solidified - Audit Platform for Smart Contracts
A platform for crowd-sourced review of smart contracts, where any developer can bring their contract for review with a large network of verified blockchain experts.
ETC
-
The Truth about Smart Contracts – Jimmy Song – Medium
Much like the words “blockchain”, “AI” and “cloud”, “smart contract” is one of those phrases that get a lot of hype.
-
Smart contracts: Turing completeness & reality – Hacker Noon
The meltdown of “The DAO” and, more recently DDOS attacks on Ethereum have spurred a debate on the wisdom of “Turing completeness” in…
-
Bribery-Resistant Voting Schemes for Smart Contracts
This is joint work/post with Ian Miers, Oded Naor, and Ari Juels. Recently, a number of proposals and applications have evolved on Ethereum that require voting; from contracts that use voting-based DAOs for governance or other administrative tasks, to boardroom-like votes to…
-
Why Many Smart Contract Use Cases Are Simply Impossible
Coin Sciences CEO Gideon Greenspan attacks common misconceptions that he argues are contributing to outlandish expectations for smart contracts.
-
Deloitte Insights - Upgrading blockchains
Paper contracts can take weeks to travel around the globe, while digital documents are uncomfortably easy to forge. Is there a way to automate transactions to make them smoother, more efficient, and more secure for all parties? Leaders are looking at blockchain and smart cont…
Literature
-
They Might Be Smart, But These Contracts Need to Be More Secure
A certification process can provide participants in smart contracts with greater assurances they won’t lose their money (see: the DAO). But in distributed systems, the true test of security comes when software is released into the wild.
- Most Cited Smart Contracts Publications
Resources
-
https://en.bitcoinwiki.org/wiki/Smart_contract
Smart contract (also self-executing contract, blockchain contract, or digital contract) is an electronic algorithm intended for the automation of the contract execution process in the blockchain. The general idea of smart contracts is to exclude divergences in the treatment …
-
OpenLaw — A free legal repository
We are home to a passionate group of people, technologists, and dreamers committed to rebuilding the legal industry.
-
Investopedia — Smart Contracts
Smart contracts are self-executing contracts with the terms of the contract between buyer and seller directly written into lines of code.
Edit this page
Social Share
Twitter Facebook LinkedIn RedditTips Welcome
Feel free to contact me if you're interested in Bitcoin related content / research!
| Bitcoin | DOGE |
|---|---|
| 1A1DZfw4VgpHCgnMjnmfDnMjddKf8xdYbd | DQKkzfJjqnXUD8Z7C3e84vKzvghPe9dXSa |


[gecode-users] BoolVarArgs in unary Scheduling
Christian Schulte
cschulte at kth.se
Mon Aug 1 11:52:59 CEST 2011
Just use a constraint that assigns a value, that is, if you want to assign
the value 1 to a Boolean variable b, the following:
rel(home, b, IRT_EQ, 1);
does the trick.
Christian
--
Christian Schulte, KTH, web.it.kth.se/~cschulte/
From: users-bounces at gecode.org [mailto:users-bounces at gecode.org] On Behalf
Of hamideh izadyar
Sent: Monday, August 01, 2011 11:48 AM
To: users at gecode.org
Subject: [gecode-users] BoolVarArgs in unary Scheduling
Hi
I want to use unary function for scheduling. I want to excluse some task
which are known to me from unary scheduling. I have read the gecode
document, I know that I can pass a BoolVarArgs to the unary function. How
can I give value to this BoolVarArgs in my program? All the examples I saw,
give value to BoolVarArgs in the model by constraints. I want to assign
value to this array in the main function.
Would you please help me.
Best Regards
--
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hamideh Izadyar
Graduate Student
Computer Engineering Dep.
Sharif University of Technology
http://ce.sharif.edu/~izadyar <http://ce.sharif.edu/%7Eizadyar>
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: <http://www.gecode.org/pipermail/users/attachments/20110801/2bcc4a0f/attachment.htm>
More information about the users
mailing list


BEMAT Color Skins
Change the default style of Bemat Admin the way you want! Bemat Admin comes with 4 different color themes for you to choose.
Color Themes
Bemat Admin comes with 4 different color themes for you to choose.
Preview Color Themes
Contextual Color Themes
Additionaly to the default color theme, you can use one of the five contextual color themes.
Preview Color Themes
Bemat
Bemat
Bemat
Bemat
Bemat
Color Palette
This color palette comprises primary and accent colors that can be used for illustration or to develop your brand colors. They’ve been designed to work harmoniously with each other.
Main Colors
Primary Color
.primary-bg
Primary Bright Color
.primary-bright-bg
Primary Light Color
.primary-light-bg
Primary Color
.primary-bg
Primary Dark Color
.primary-dark-bg
Accent Color
.accent-bg
Accent Bright Color
.accent-bright-bg
Accent Light Color
.accent-light-bg
Accent Color
.accent-bg
Accent Dark Color
.accent-dark-bg
Contextual Colors
Success Color
.success-bg
Warning Color
.warning-bg
Info Color
.info-bg
Danger Color
.danger-bg
Theme Settings
Color Helper Classes
You can use these color helper classes in any element.
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| .primary-bright-bg | Apply the primary bright color to the element background |
| .primary-bright-text | Apply the primary bright color to the element text |
| .primary-bright-style | Apply the primary bright color style (full color) to the element |
| .primary-light-bg | Apply the primary light color to the element background |
| .primary-light-text | Apply the primary light color to the element text |
| .primary-light-style | Apply the primary light color style (full color) to the element |
| .primary-bg | Apply the primary color to the element background |
| .primary-text | Apply the primary color to the element text |
| .primary-style | Apply the primary color style (full color) to the element |
| .primary-dark-bg | Apply the primary dark color to the element background |
| .primary-dark-text | Apply the primary dark color to the element text |
| .primary-dark-style | Apply the primary dark color style (full color) to the element |
| .accent-bright-bg | Apply the accent bright color to the element background |
| .accent-bright-text | Apply the accent bright color to the element text |
| .accent-bright-style | Apply the accent bright color style (full color) to the element |
| .accent-light-bg | Apply the accent light color to the element background |
| .accent-light-text | Apply the accent light color to the element text |
| .accent-light-style | Apply the accent light color style (full color) to the element |
| .accent-bg | Apply the accent color to the element background |
| .accent-text | Apply the accent color to the element text |
| .accent-style | Apply the accent color style (full color) to the element |
| .accent-dark-bg | Apply the accent dark color to the element background |
| .accent-dark-text | Apply the accent dark color to the element text |
| .accent-dark-style | Apply the accent dark color style (full color) to the element |
| .success-bg | Apply the success color to the element background |
| .success-text | Apply the success color to the element text |
| .success-style | Apply the success color style (full color) to the element |
| .info-bg | Apply the info color to the element background |
| .info-text | Apply the info color to the element text |
| .info-style | Apply the info color style (full color) to the element |
| .warning-bg | Apply the warning color to the element background |
| .warning-text | Apply the warning color to the element text |
| .warning-style | Apply the warning color style (full color) to the element |
| .danger-bg | Apply the danger color to the element background |
| .danger-text | Apply the danger color to the element text |
| .danger-style | Apply the danger color style (full color) to the element |


FILM TITLE: BELLE DE JOUR DIRECTOR: LUIS BUNUEL COUNTRY: FRANCE 1966 CINEMATOGRAPHY: SACHA VIERNEY MUSIC: NONE CAST:Catherine Deneuve, Jean Sorel, Michel Piccoli, Genevieve Page, Francisco Rabal, Pierre Clementi, Francoise Fabian, Maria Latour, Francois Blance, Georges Marchal, Francois Maistre, Macha Meril Muni, Dominique Dandrieux, Bernard Fresson, Brigitte Parmentier WRITTEN BY: Novel by Joseph Kessel of the Academie Francaise SUPER FEATURES: Bunuel, of course.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Although this is considered one of Luis Bunuel's masterpieces, it really isn't. But it is, unlike many of his films, one of the easiest films to follow along, and enjoy, something that some of his earlier films were not easy to do with, and later, one wondered if we had missed out on a new style of novel'ing a film....
And there are many reasons for that. It is filmed in glorious color, which Luis Bunuel had just at the time started working with ( 1966 ) and it is gloriously, and carefully, photographed for the best effect. And it is impeccably designed and written to get the most out of the main character, though the novel itself is more pointy towards the class divisions and their life. The interesting notion, is that this film is one of the best known of Bunuel's films in America, and was the one chosen to be touched up and re-released. It is far less important a piece of work, as LOS OLVIDADOS, or EL ANGEL EXTERMINADOR, or THE DISCREET CHARM OF THE BOURGEOISIE.
In this story, Severine ( Catherine Deneuve ) is the wife of a well to do man, but their marriage seems to be not inspired. She is bored. And in the process of meeting a friend she finds out that many wives of her stature sometimes visit a house or two and participate in some extra curricular activities outside the marriage. Severine, decides that she will try that, in the hope that it will eventually spark something in her own marriage, it is presumed, although, it also appears that the whole thing may start out as a bit of curiosity.
Severine had inquired from her husband wether he had been to one of those houses and he admits that he had, and his answer is vague, and by all intents rather vulgar for Severine. The suggestion is immediately made that the main reason why they just do not have an active, or interesting, marriage, is because they just do not seem to enjoy each other's company very much. She seems to go along with him, and he is polite enough that he does not force his wife ( a trend in many Bunuel films ), an unusual bit, which suggests that he is also participating in some extra curricular activities of his own.
In the process of being a part of the various customers she comes to meet, during the afternoons, she ends up liking one man, who is becoming attached to her, and she to him, despite the fact that he is a shady character. And when he realizes that he can not win her over at all, he decides to take the whole thing in his own hands. He waits for the husband and shoots him, and eventually he gets shot by a policeman and Severine is now taking care of her husband.
And this is the easy part of this film.
The hard part, is how it is filmed, and how Luis Bunuel gets into his characters' mind. The film is full of bits and pieces inside Severine's head ( this is a famous Bunuel trademark ) and we constantly see how she sees things, or at least how she feels about them. All is well here, until the resolution of the film. Her husband is better, and finally gets out of his wheelchair, only to have Severine get distracted by the sound of a carriage on the road, outside their mansion. And the film closes.
Luis Bunuel, through out his career of film making, had always entered into any of his characters' mind, and show us how they thought. And then we see how they react, maybe based on their thinking. The fact that we see that these characters rarely do what they feel, is probably Luis Bunuel's greatest comment in any of his films. We know how Severine feels, but her excitement seems to derive from a completely different feeling which her husband does not provide. Be it forced, or demanded, she responds. But given her chance, she tends to be shy and not take any initiative in her personal enjoyment.
This style of filming, which is not well used nowadays, has almost been forgotten, and considering that this film is now thirty years old, it is quite amazing how well his style survives today, in a world of fast paced films, that do not have half the depth that Luis Bunuel comes up with in a few minutes.  By comparison, American film making tends to use exposition, to show us these things, and then pretty much tells us, with hints, what the most likely result is going to be. Luis Bunuel, himself, does not make judgements about what he thinks, or how his characters will do.... they just do, and the result is always open for us to figure out what it all means, and most likely -- my feeling -- to come up with a way that forces an audience to make a judgement and decision for themselves, rather than preach.... and this from a man who was brought up in a monastery of Dominican Friars.
If you have never seen a Luis Bunuel film, take a plunge. While they are phenomenally well written, they also make for outstanding thinking pieces, that never let up. His style is smooth, and specially well thought out. Never showy, never judgemental. Just let the characters live, and watch the details... sometimes they are important. In later years, Luis Bunuel became a bit more unusual, and one of his last films ( Le Phamtome de Liberte -- The Phantom of Liberty ) appears quite disjointed with the exception of a theme that repeats itself, in this case, freedom is an illusion, because someone is always around to ruin it in some way. I am pretty sure that many times he felt this way about his films, when they were constantly being criticized by the catholic church, and other institutions for their endless attack on the hypocrisy that many of his characters partake in. But, unlike many directors, this man has a soft spot for people's errors, and their decisions.... and he makes the best, and fullest, out of these moments with a camera... an exceptional film maker, that rarely made a bad film, and they are all unusual and truly enjoyable to watch....
A must see, for serious film lovers.
Should also catch THE DISCREET CHARM OF THE BOURGEOISIE, THAT OBSCURE OBJECT OF DESIRE, THE EXTERMINATING ANGEL, EL ( THIS SECRET PASSION ), VIRIDIANA, TRISTANA, and just about anything he did. If you ever get a chance catch his version of Robinson Crusoe... magnificent. And the early Mexican comedies are very funny and totaly off the wall confusing stories.
5 GIBLOONS
Reviewed by Pedro Sena. Ygdrasil's Film Newsgroup Copyright (c) Pedro Sena 1995. All Rights Reserved.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


2.12. Quicksort¶
2.12.1. Introduction¶
While Mergesort uses the most obvious form of divide and conquer (split the list in half then sort the halves), this is not the only way that we can break down the sorting problem. We saw that doing the merge step for Mergesort when using an array implementation is not so easy. So perhaps a different divide and conquer strategy might turn out to be more efficient?
Quicksort is aptly named because, when properly
implemented, it is the fastest known general-purpose in-memory sorting
algorithm in the average case.
It does not require the extra array needed by Mergesort, so it is
space efficient as well.
Quicksort is widely used, and is typically the algorithm implemented
in a library sort routine such as the UNIX qsort
function.
Interestingly, Quicksort is hampered by exceedingly poor worst-case
performance, thus making it inappropriate for certain applications.
Quicksort first selects a value called the pivot. Assume that the input array contains \(k\) records with key values less than the pivot. The records are then rearranged in such a way that the \(k\) values less than the pivot are placed in the first, or leftmost, \(k\) positions in the array, and the values greater than or equal to the pivot are placed in the last, or rightmost, \(n-k\) positions. This is called a partition of the array. The values placed in a given partition need not (and typically will not) be sorted with respect to each other. All that is required is that all values end up in the correct partition. The pivot value itself is placed in position \(k\). Quicksort then proceeds to sort the resulting subarrays now on either side of the pivot, one of size \(k\) and the other of size \(n-k-1\). How are these values sorted? Because Quicksort is such a good algorithm, using Quicksort on the subarrays would be appropriate.
Unlike some of the sorts that we have seen earlier in this chapter, Quicksort might not seem very “natural” in that it is not an approach that a person is likely to use to sort real objects. But it should not be too surprising that a really efficient sort for huge numbers of abstract objects on a computer would be rather different from our experiences with sorting a relatively few physical objects.
Here is an implementation for Quicksort.
Parameters i
and j
define the left and right
indices, respectively, for the subarray being sorted.
The initial call to quicksort
would be
quicksort(array, 0, n-1)
.
static <T extends Comparable<T>> void quicksort(T[] A, int i, int j) {
int pivotindex = findpivot(A, i, j); // Pick a pivot
swap(A, pivotindex, j); // Stick pivot at end
int k = partition(A, i, j-1, A[j]); // k will be the first position in the right subarray
swap(A, k, j); // Put pivot in place
if (k-i > 1) {
quicksort(A, i, k-1); // Sort left partition
}
if (j-k > 1) {
quicksort(A, k+1, j); // Sort right partition
}
}
def quicksort(A, i, j):
pivotindex = findpivot(A, i, j) # Pick a pivot
swap(A, pivotindex, j) # Stick pivot at end
k = partition(A, i, j-1, A[j]) # k will be the first position in the right subarray
swap(A, k, j) # Put pivot in place
if k-i > 1:
quicksort(A, i, k-1) # Sort left partition
if j-k > 1:
quicksort(A, k+1, j) # Sort right partition
Function partition
will move records to the
appropriate partition and then return k
, the first
position in the right partition.
Note that the pivot value is initially placed at the end of the array
(position j
).
Thus, partition
must not affect the value of array position j
.
After partitioning, the pivot value is placed in position k
,
which is its correct position in the final, sorted array.
By doing so, we guarantee that at least one value (the pivot) will not
be processed in the recursive calls to qsort
.
Even if a bad pivot is selected, yielding a completely empty
partition to one side of the pivot, the larger partition will contain
at most \(n-1\) records.
Selecting a pivot can be done in many ways.
The simplest is to use the first key.
However, if the input is sorted or reverse sorted, this will produce a
poor partitioning with all values to one side of the pivot.
It is better to pick a value at random, thereby reducing the chance of
a bad input order affecting the sort.
Unfortunately, using a random number generator is relatively
expensive, and we can do nearly as well by selecting the middle
position in the array.
Here is a simple findpivot
function.
2.12.2. Partition¶
We now turn to function partition
.
If we knew in advance how many keys are less than the pivot,
partition
could simply copy records with key values less
than the pivot to the low end of the array, and records with larger
keys to the high end.
Because we do not know in advance how many keys are less than
the pivot,
we use a clever algorithm that moves indices inwards from the
ends of the subarray, swapping values as necessary until the two
indices meet.
Here is an implementation for the partition step.
static <T extends Comparable<T>> int partition(T[] A, int left, int right, T pivot) {
while (left <= right) {
// Move bounds inward until they meet
while (A[left].compareTo(pivot) < 0) {
left++;
}
while (right >= left && A[right].compareTo(pivot) >= 0) {
right--;
}
// Swap out-of-place values
if (right > left) {
swap(A, left, right);
}
}
// Return first position in right partition
return left;
}
def partition(A, left, right, pivot):
# Move bounds inward until they meet
while left <= right:
while A[left] < pivot:
left += 1
while right >= left && A[right] >= pivot:
right -= 1
# Swap out-of-place values
if right > left:
Swap.swap(A, left, right)
# Return first position in right partition
return left
Note the check that right >= left
in the second inner
while
loop.
This ensures that right
does not run off the low end of the
partition in the case where the pivot is the least value in that
partition.
Function partition
returns the first index of the right
partition (the place where left
ends at) so that the subarray
bound for the recursive calls to qsort
can be determined.
And here is a visualization illustrating the running time analysis of the partition function
2.12.3. Putting It Together¶
Here is a visualization for the entire Quicksort algorithm. This visualization shows you how the logical decomposition caused by the partitioning process works. In the visualization, the separate sub-partitions are separated out to match the recursion tree. In reality, there is only a single array involved (as you will see in the proficiency exercise that follows the visualization).
Here is a complete proficiency exercise to see how well you understand Quicksort.
2.12.4. Quicksort Analysis¶
This visualization explains the worst-case running time of Quick Sort
This is terrible, no better than Bubble Sort. When will this worst case occur? Only when each pivot yields a bad partitioning of the array. If the pivot values are selected at random, then this is extremely unlikely to happen. When selecting the middle position of the current subarray, it is still unlikely to happen. It does not take many good partitionings for Quicksort to work fairly well.
This visualization explains the best-case running time of Quick Sort
Quicksort’s average-case behavior falls somewhere between the extremes of worst and best case. Average-case analysis considers the cost for all possible arrangements of input, summing the costs and dividing by the number of cases. We make one reasonable simplifying assumption: At each partition step, the pivot is equally likely to end in any position in the (sorted) array. In other words, the pivot is equally likely to break an array into partitions of sizes 0 and \(n-1\), or 1 and \(n-2\), and so on.
Given this assumption, the average-case cost is computed from the following equation:
This visualization will help you to understand how this recurrence relation was formed.
This is an unusual situation that the average case cost and the worst case cost have asymptotically different growth rates. Consider what “average case” actually means. We compute an average cost for inputs of size \(n\) by summing up for every possible input of size \(n\) the product of the running time cost of that input times the probability that that input will occur. To simplify things, we assumed that every permutation is equally likely to occur. Thus, finding the average means summing up the cost for every permutation and dividing by the number of permutations (which is \(n!\)). We know that some of these \(n!\) inputs cost \(O(n^2)\). But the sum of all the permutation costs has to be \((n!)(O(n \log n))\). Given the extremely high cost of the worst inputs, there must be very few of them. In fact, there cannot be a constant fraction of the inputs with cost \(O(n^2)\). If even, say, 1% of the inputs have cost \(O(n^2)\), this would lead to an average cost of \(O(n^2)\). Thus, as \(n\) grows, the fraction of inputs with high cost must be going toward a limit of zero. We can conclude that Quicksort will run fast if we can avoid those very few bad input permutations. This is why picking a good pivot is so important.
The running time for Quicksort can be improved (by a constant factor),
and much study has gone into optimizing this algorithm.
Since Quicksort’s worst case behavior arises when the pivot does a
poor job of splitting the array into equal size subarrays,
improving findpivot
seems like a good place to start.
If we are willing to do more work searching for a better pivot, the
effects of a bad pivot can be decreased or even eliminated.
Hopefully this will save more time than was added by the additional
work needed to find the pivot.
One widely-used choice is to use the “median of three” algorithm,
which uses as a pivot the middle of three randomly selected values.
Using a random number generator to choose the positions is relatively
expensive, so a common compromise is to look at the first, middle, and
last positions of the current subarray.
However, our simple findpivot
function that takes the
middle value as its pivot has the virtue of making it highly unlikely
to get a bad input by chance, and it is quite cheap to implement.
This is in sharp contrast to selecting the first or last record as
the pivot, which would yield bad performance for many permutations
that are nearly sorted or nearly reverse sorted.
A significant improvement can be gained by recognizing that Quicksort is relatively slow when \(n\) is small. This might not seem to be relevant if most of the time we sort large arrays, nor should it matter how long Quicksort takes in the rare instance when a small array is sorted because it will be fast anyway. But you should notice that Quicksort itself sorts many, many small arrays! This happens as a natural by-product of the divide and conquer approach.
A simple improvement might then be to replace Quicksort with a faster sort for small numbers, say Insertion Sort or Selection Sort. However, there is an even better—and still simpler—optimization. When Quicksort partitions are below a certain size, do nothing! The values within that partition will be out of order. However, we do know that all values in the array to the left of the partition are smaller than all values in the partition. All values in the array to the right of the partition are greater than all values in the partition. Thus, even if Quicksort only gets the values to “nearly” the right locations, the array will be close to sorted. This is an ideal situation in which to take advantage of the best-case performance of Insertion Sort. The final step is a single call to Insertion Sort to process the entire array, putting the records into final sorted order. Empirical testing shows that the subarrays should be left unordered whenever they get down to nine or fewer records.
The last speedup to be considered reduces the cost of making
recursive calls.
Quicksort is inherently recursive, because each Quicksort operation
must sort two sublists.
Thus, there is no simple way to turn Quicksort into an iterative
algorithm.
However, Quicksort can be implemented using a stack
to imitate recursion, as the amount of information that must
be stored is small.
We need not store copies of a subarray, only the subarray bounds.
Furthermore, the stack depth can be kept small if care is taken on
the order in which Quicksort’s recursive calls are executed.
We can also place the code for findpivot
and
partition
inline to eliminate the remaining function
calls.
Note however that by not processing sublists of size nine or
less as suggested above, about three quarters of the function calls
will already have been eliminated.
Thus, eliminating the remaining function calls will yield only a
modest speedup.
Todo
- type: Exercise
Consider the Quicksort implementation for this module, where the pivot is selected as the middle value of the partition. Give a permutation for the values 0 through 7 that will cause Quicksort to have its worst-case behavior.
There are a number of possible correct answers. To assess the answer, will need to run Quicksort over student’s partition, and verify that at each step it will generate new partitions of size 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, then 1.


| download_acaps_npi_data | Download ACAPS non-pharmaceutical interventions data |
| download_apple_mtr_data | Download Apple Mobility Trend Reports Data |
| download_ecdc_covid19_data | Download ECDC Data on Covid-19 cases |
| download_google_cmr_data | Download Google Community Mobility Reports Data |
| download_google_trends_data | Download Google Trends data on Covid-19 |
| download_jhu_csse_covid19_data | Download Johns Hopkins University CSSE data on Covid-19 |
| download_merged_data | Download a merged country-day data frame containing Covid-19 related data |
| download_owid_data | Download Our World in Data data |
| download_oxford_npi_data | Download Oxford non-pharmaceutical interventions data |
| download_wbank_data | Download current country-level World Bank data |
| map_covid19 | Map Covid-19 |
| plot_covid19_spread | Visualize the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic |
| plot_covid19_stripes | Plot Covid-19 Stripes |
| shiny_covid19_spread | Explore the spread of Covid-19 interactively |
| tidycovid19_data_sources | Documentation of 'tidycovid19' Data Sources |
| tidycovid19_variable_definitions | Variable Definitions of 'tidycovid19' Merged Data Frame |


Module: Mongoid::Validatable::Queryable
- Included in:
- UniquenessValidator
- Defined in:
- lib/mongoid/validatable/queryable.rb
Instance Method Summary collapse
-
#with_query(document) ⇒ Object
Wrap the validation inside the an execution block that alert's the client not to clear its persistence options.
Instance Method Details
#with_query(document) ⇒ Object
Wrap the validation inside the an execution block that alert's the client not to clear its persistence options.
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 |
# File 'lib/mongoid/validatable/queryable.rb', line 21 def with_query(document) klass = document.class begin Threaded.begin_execution("#{klass.name}-validate-with-query") yield ensure Threaded.exit_execution("#{klass.name}-validate-with-query") end end |


This sample demonstrates an LWM2M Control app communicating with AirVantage. It has an .adef file with executables, processes, and bindings sections, and @ .cdef file with requires and sources sections.
Run this to install the sample app:
$ cd apps/sample/lwm2mAirVantageControl $ make wp85 $ instapp lwm2mAirVantageControl.wp85
Copyright (C) Sierra Wireless Inc. Use of this work is subject to license.


|
AuxBSFC
|
Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) (g/kWh) for auxiliary engines, by engine and fuel type. |
|
AuxFuelMixTable
|
Fuel Mix Table for auxiliary engines, by fuel type, engine type, and location. |
|
AuxNOxEF
|
NOx emission factors (g/kWh) for auxiliary engines, by fuel type, engine type, and engine tier. |
|
Aux_HC_CO_EF
|
CO and HC emissions factors (g/kWh) for auxiliary engines, by engine type. |
|
BoilerBSFC
|
Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) (g/kWh) for boiler engines, by fuel type. |
|
BoilerFuelMixTable
|
Fuel Mix Table for boilers, by fuel type, engine type, and location. |
|
BoilerNOxEF
|
NOx emission factors (g/kWh) for boilers, by fuel type, engine type, and engine tier. |
|
Boiler_HC_CO_EF
|
CO and HC emissions factors (g/kWh) for boiler engines. |
|
calcEF()
|
calcEF |
|
calcEF_CO()
|
calcEF_CO |
|
calcEF_CO2()
|
calcEF_CO2 |
|
calcEF_HC()
|
calcEF_HC |
|
calcEF_NOx()
|
calcEF_NOx |
|
calcEF_PM()
|
calcEF_PM |
|
calcEF_SO2()
|
calcEF_SO2 |
|
calcEngineType()
|
calcEngineType |
|
calcLLAF()
|
calcLLAF |
|
calcLoadBSFC()
|
calcLoadBSFC |
|
calcShipCategory()
|
calcShipCategory |
|
calcTestIMO()
|
calcTestIMO |
|
calcTier()
|
calcTier |
|
CO2ConversionFactor
|
Conversion factors to produce CO2 emission factors from BSFC values by fuel type. |
|
EFSulfurEQCoefficients
|
Coefficients required to calculate PM emission factors (g/kWh) per fuel type for diesel engines. |
|
EF_PM_ST_GT_LNG
|
PM10 emission factors (g/kWh) for non diesel engines per fuel type and engine type. |
|
LLAFCoeff
|
Coefficients required to calculate low load adjustment per pollutant when main engine load is below 20 percent its total installed power. |
|
MainBSFC
|
Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) (g/kWh) for main engines, by engine and fuel type. |
|
MainFuelMixTable
|
Fuel Mix Table for main propulsive engines, by fuel type, engine type, and location. |
|
MainNOxEF
|
NOx emission factors (g/kWh) for main engines, by fuel type, engine type, and engine tier. |
|
Main_HC_CO_EF
|
CO and HC emissions factors (g/kWh) for main propulsive engines, by engine type. |
|
ShipEF
|
ShipEF: A package containing functions to assign marine vessel emission
factors |


TEDxBITSathy brings together a collection of doers, thinkers, innovators, explorers, visionaries, teachers, learners and seeks to illuminate, inspire, change perceptions, incite action and foster new connections.
We are focused on proffering a TEDx stage to speakers of varied backgrounds and experiences for inspirational and intellectual acceleration. Our event strategically allocates a window for collaboration of arts, sciences, entrepreneurship and women empowerment - ideas that are close to our central theme wherein we try to showcase what lies: Behind The Facets.
In the spirit of ideas worth spreading, TEDx is a program for local, self-organized events that bring people together to share a TED-like experience. At a TEDx event, TEDTalks video and live speakers combine to spark deep discussion and connection. These local, self-organized events are branded with TEDx, where x = an independently organized TED event. The TED Conference provides general guidance for the TEDx program, but individual TEDx events are self-organized.
Connect with us


fullname name
local_hospital
Covid 19 news
people
Subscribers
volunteer_activism
Following
ondemand_video
Vid Channel
headset
Music Channel
redeem
Shop
music_video
My Channel
store
My Store
dashboard
My Dashboard
Date time
Message