| Jump to DART Documentation Main Index |
Main program for observation-space diagnostics for the models with 1D locations. 18 quantities are calculated for each region for each temporal bin specified by user input. The result of the code is a netCDF file that contains the 18 quantities of the prior (aka 'guess') and posterior (aka 'analysis') estimates as a function of time and region as well as all the metadata to create meaningful figures. The 1D version of obs_diag has defaults that automatically set the first and last bin center based on the first and last observation time in the set of observations being processed. This is different behavior than the 3D versions.
Each obs_seq.final file contains an observation sequence that has multiple 'copies' of the observation. One copy is the actual observation, another copy is the prior ensemble mean estimate of the observation, one is the spread of the prior ensemble estimate, one may be the prior estimate from ensemble member 1, ... etc. The only observations for the 1D models are generally the result of a 'perfect model' experiment, so there is an additional copy called the 'truth' - the noise-free expected observation given the true model state. Since this copy does not, in general, exist for the high-order models, all comparisons are made with the copy labelled 'observation'. There is also a namelist variable (use_zero_error_obs) to compare against the 'truth' instead; the observation error variance is then automatically set to zero.
Each ensemble member applies a forward observation operator to the state to compute
the "expected" value of an observation. Please note:
the forward observation operator is applied AFTER any prior inflation
has taken place! Similarly, the forward observation operator is applied AFTER any posterior
inflation. This has always been the case. For a detailed
look at the relationship between the observation operators and inflation, please look at the
Detailed Program Execution Flow
section of filter.html.
Given multiple estimates of
the observation, several quantities can be calculated. It is possible to
compute the expected observations from the state vector before
assimilating (the "guess", "forecast", or "prior") or after the
assimilation (the "analysis", or "posterior").
Even with input.nml:filter_nml:num_output_obs_members set to 0; the full [prior,posterior] ensemble mean and [prior,posterior] ensemble spread are preserved in the obs_seq.final file. Consequently, the ensemble means and spreads are used to calculate the diagnostics. If the input.nml:filter_nml:num_output_obs_members is set to 80 (for example); the first 80 ensemble members prior and posterior "expected" values of the observation are also included. In this case, the obs_seq.final file contains enough information to calculate a rank histograms, verify forecasts, etc. The ensemble means are still used for many other calculations.
Since this program is fundamentally interested in the response as a function of region, there are three versions of this program; one for each of the oned, threed_sphere, or threed_cartesian location modules (location_mod.f90). It did not make sense to ask the lorenz_96 model what part of North America you'd like to investigate or how you would like to bin in the vertical. The low-order models write out similar netCDF files and the Matlab scripts have been updated accordingly. The oned observations have locations conceptualized as being on a unit circle, so only the namelist input variables pertaining to longitude are used.
obs_diag is designed to explore the effect of the assimilation in two ways; 1) as a function of time for a particular variable (this is the figure on the left), and sometimes 2) in terms of a rank histogram - "Where does the actual observation rank relative to the rest of the ensemble?" (figure on the right). The figures were created by Matlab® scripts that query the obs_diag_output.nc file: DART/diagnostics/matlab/plot_evolution.m and plot_rank_histogram.m. Both of these takes as input a file name and a 'quantity' to plot ('rmse','spread','totalspread', ...) and exhaustively plots the quantity (for every variable, every region) in a single matlab figure window - and creates a series of .ps files with multiple pages for each of the figures. The directory gets cluttered with them.
The observation sequence files contain only the time of the observation, nothing of the assimilation interval, etc. - so it requires user guidance to declare what sort of temporal binning for the temporal evolution plots. I do a 'bunch' of arithmetic on the namelist times to convert them to a series of temporal bin edges that are used when traversing the observation sequence. The actual algorithm is that the user input for the start date and bin width set up a sequence that ends in one of two ways ... the last time is reached or the number of bins has been reached. NOTE: for the purpose of interpretability, the 1D obs_diag routines saves 'dates' as GREGORIAN dates despite the fact these systems have no concept of a calendar.
obs_diag reads obs_seq.final files and calculates the following quantities (in no particular order) for an arbitrary number of regions and levels. obs_diag creates a netCDF file called obs_diag_output.nc. It is necessary to query the CopyMetaData variable to determine the storage order (i.e. "which copy is what?") if you want to use your own plotting routines.
| Nposs | The number of observations available to be assimilated. |
| Nused | The number of observations that were assimilated. |
| rmse | The root-mean-squared error (the horizontal wind components are also used to calculate the vector wind velocity and its RMS error). |
| bias | The simple sum of forecast - observation. The bias of the horizontal wind speed (not velocity) is also computed. |
| spread | The standard deviation of the univariate obs. DART does not exploit the bivariate nature of U,V winds and so the spread of the horizontal wind is defined as the sum of the spreads of the U and V components. |
| totalspread | The total standard deviation of the estimate. We pool the ensemble variance of the observation plus the observation error variance and take the square root. |
| NbadDARTQC | the number of observations that had a DART QC value (> 1 for a prior, > 3 for a posterior) |
| observation | the mean of the observation values |
| ens_mean | the ensemble mean of the model estimates of the observation values |
| N_trusted | the number of implicitly trusted observations, regardless of DART QC |
| N_DARTqc_0 | the number of observations that had a DART QC value of 0 |
| N_DARTqc_1 | the number of observations that had a DART QC value of 1 |
| N_DARTqc_2 | the number of observations that had a DART QC value of 2 |
| N_DARTqc_3 | the number of observations that had a DART QC value of 3 |
| N_DARTqc_4 | the number of observations that had a DART QC value of 4 |
| N_DARTqc_5 | the number of observations that had a DART QC value of 5 |
| N_DARTqc_6 | the number of observations that had a DART QC value of 6 |
| N_DARTqc_7 | the number of observations that had a DART QC value of 7 |
| N_DARTqc_8 | the number of observations that had a DART QC value of 8 |
The DART QC flag is intended to provide information about whether the observation was assimilated, evaluated only, whether the assimilation resulted in a 'good' observation, etc. DART QC values lower than 2 indicate the prior and posteriors are OK. DART QC values higher than 3 were not assimilated or evaluated. Here is the table that should explain things more fully:
| DART QC flag value | meaning |
|---|---|
| 0 | observation assimilated |
| 1 | observation evaluated only (because of namelist settings) |
| 2 | assimilated, but the posterior forward operator failed |
| 3 | evaluated only, but the posterior forward operator failed |
| 4 | prior forward operator failed |
| 5 | not used because observation type not listed in namelist |
| 6 | rejected because incoming observation QC too large |
| 7 | rejected because of a failed outlier threshold test |
| 8 | vertical conversion failed |
| 9+ | reserved for future use |
obs_diag has several improvements:
This namelist is read from the file input.nml. Namelists start with an ampersand '&' and terminate with a slash '/'. Character strings that contain a '/' must be enclosed in quotes to prevent them from prematurely terminating the namelist.
&obs_diag_nml obs_sequence_name = '' obs_sequence_list = '' bin_width_days = -1 bin_width_seconds = -1 init_skip_days = 0 init_skip_seconds = 0 max_num_bins = 9999 Nregions = 3 lonlim1 = 0.0, 0.0, 0.5 lonlim2 = 1.0, 0.5, 1.0 reg_names = 'whole', 'yin', 'yang' trusted_obs = 'null' use_zero_error_obs = .false. create_rank_histogram = .true. outliers_in_histogram = .true. verbose = .false. /
This value may be more useful:
obs_sequence_name = 'obs_seq.final'
The allowable ranges for the region boundaries are: lon [0.0, 1.0). The 1D locations are conceived as the distance around a unit sphere. An observation with a location exactly ON a region boundary cannot 'count' for both regions. The logic used to resolve this is:
if((lon ≥ lon1) .and. (lon < lon2)) keeper = .true.
Consequently, if you want to include an observation precisely AT 1.0, (for example),
you need to specify something a little larger than 1.0.
You can only specify either
obs_sequence_name
or
obs_sequence_list -- not both.
One of them has to be an empty string ... i.e. ''.
| Item | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| obs_sequence_name | character(len=256), dimension(100) | An array of names of observation sequence files. These may be relative or absolute filenames. If this is set, obs_sequence_list must be set to ' ' (empty string). |
| obs_sequence_list | character(len=256) | Name of an ascii text file which contains a list of one or more observation sequence files, one per line. If this is specified, obs_sequence_name must be set to ' '. Can be created by any method, including sending the output of the 'ls' command to a file, a text editor, or another program. If this is set, obs_sequence_name must be set to ' ' (empty string). |
| bin_width_days, bin_width_seconds | integer | Specifies the width of the analysis window. All observations within a window centered at the observation time +/- bin_width_[days,seconds] is used. If both values are 0, half the separation between observation times as defined in the observation sequence file is used for the bin width (i.e. all observations used). |
| init_skip_days, init_skip_seconds | integer | Ignore all observations before this time. This allows one to skip the 'spinup' or stabilization period of an assimilation. |
| max_num_bins | integer | This provides a way to restrict the number of temporal bins. If max_num_bins is set to '10', only 10 timesteps will be output, provided there are that many. |
| Nregions | integer | The number of regions for the unit circle for which you'd like observation-space diagnostics. If 3 is not enough increase MaxRegions in obs_diag.f90 and recompile. |
| lonlim1 | real(r8) array of length(Nregions) | starting value of coordinates defining 'regions'. A value of -1 indicates the start of 'no region'. |
| lonlim2 | real(r8) array of length(Nregions) | ending value of coordinates defining 'regions'. A value of -1 indicates the end of 'no region'. |
| reg_names | character(len=6), dimension(Nregions) | Array of names for each of the regions. The default example has the unit circle as a whole and divided into two equal parts, so there are only three regions. |
| trusted_obs | character(len=32), dimension(5) | Array of names for observation TYPES that will be included in the statistics if at all possible (i.e. the forward observation operator succeeds). For 1D observations the only choices in the code as distributed are 'RAW_STATE_VARIABLE' and/or 'RAW_STATE_1D_INTEGRAL'. (Additional 1D observation types can be added by the user.) |
| use_zero_error_obs | logical | if .true., the observation copy used for the statistics calculations will be 'truth'. Only 'perfect' observations (from perfect_model_obs) have this copy. The observation error variance will be set to zero. |
| create_rank_histogram | logical | if .true. and there are actual ensemble estimates of the observations in the obs_seq.final (i.e. filter_nml:num_output_obs_members is larger than zero), a rank histogram will be created. |
| outliers_in_histogram | logical | if .true. the observations that have been rejected by the outlier threshhold mechanism will be included in the calculation of the rank histogram. |
| verbose | logical | switch controlling amount of run-time output. |
types_mod obs_sequence_mod obs_def_mod obs_kind_mod location_mod time_manager_mod utilities_mod sort_mod random_seq_mod
assim_model_mod cov_cutoff_mod model_mod null_mpi_utilities_mod
Every observation type encountered in the observation sequence file is tracked separately, and aggregated into temporal and spatial bins. There are two main efforts to this program. One is to track the temporal evolution of any of the quantities available in the netCDF file for any possible observation type:
The other is to explore the vertical profile of a particular observation kind. By default, each observation kind has a 'guess/prior' value and an 'analysis/posterior' value - which shed some insight into the innovations.
The obs_diag_output.nc output file has all the metadata I could think of, as well as separate variables for every observation type in the observation sequence file. Furthermore, there is a separate variable for the 'guess/prior' and 'analysis/posterior' estimate of the observation. To distinguish between the two, a suffix is appended to the variable name. An example seems appropriate:
... char CopyMetaData(copy, stringlength) ; CopyMetaData:long_name = "quantity names" ; ... int rank_bins(rank_bins) ; rank_bins:long_name = "rank histogram bins" ; rank_bins:comment = "position of the observation among the sorted noisy ensemble members" ; float RAW_STATE_VARIABLE_guess(time, copy, region) ; RAW_STATE_VARIABLE_guess:_FillValue = -888888.f ; RAW_STATE_VARIABLE_guess:missing_value = -888888.f ; float RAW_STATE_VARIABLE_analy(time, copy, region) ; RAW_STATE_VARIABLE_analy:_FillValue = -888888.f ; RAW_STATE_VARIABLE_analy:missing_value = -888888.f ; ...
If it is possible to calculate a rank histogram, there will also be :
... int RAW_STATE_VARIABLE_guess_RankHist(time, rank_bins, region) ; ...
as well as some global attributes. The attributes reflect the namelist settings and can be used by plotting routines to provide additional annotation for the histogram.
:DART_QCs_in_histogram = 0, 1, 2, 3, 7 ; :outliers_in_histogram = "TRUE" ;
Please note:
netCDF restricts variable names to 40 characters, so '_Rank_Hist'
may be truncated.
| Routine | Message | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| get_last_obs | No "last" observation in sequence. | Generated by an incomplete observation sequence file. |
| get_first_obs | No Observations in sequence. | Empty observation sequence file. |
none at this time
none.
N/A
DART software - Copyright UCAR. This open source software is provided by UCAR, "as is", without charge, subject to all terms of use at http://www.image.ucar.edu/DAReS/DART/DART_download


This is my first web page!
Isn't is nice?
Check out Epicodus It's a great school for learning web programming!
Here are some things I'm going to learn about coding:
Here is a link to my favorite things.


Class which keeps track of mouse state.
More...
#include <Mouse.h>
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typedef boost::signals2::signal< void (MouseReport)> | signal_t |
| |
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typedef boost::signals2::signal< void (MouseReport, std::string)> | signal2_t |
| |
|
| enum | MouseButtons { LPM_ = 0,
PPM_ = 1
} |
| |
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void | DisconnectAll () |
| | Disconnects all subscribents.
|
| |
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boost::signals2::connection | connect (const signal_t::slot_type &subscribent) |
| | Informs about mouse state change.
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| |
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boost::signals2::connection | connect2 (const signal2_t::slot_type &subscribent) |
| | Informs about mouse state change.
|
| |
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virtual void | push (keyType key) override |
| |
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virtual void | release (keyType key) override |
| |
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virtual void | releaseAll () override |
| |
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virtual void | updatePosition (int x, int y) override |
| | Updates position with scaling.
|
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virtual void | move (int8_t x, int8_t y, int8_t wheel) override |
| | Updates position without scaling.
|
| |
|
virtual void | updateWheel (int distance) override |
| | Updates wheel.
|
| |
Class which keeps track of mouse state.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:


Now you can find out.


---
layout: post
title: preparatory sketch
date: '2016-04-24T18:30:19+02:00'
categories:
- Sketchbooks
- Sketches
- Horses
picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/143346908434/preparatory-sketch
---
US Cavalryman patroling the Arizona desert/US Mexico border. Preparatory sketch.


An advent calendar filled with jewellery is available from Liverpool's answer to Tiffany & Co
It's practically sold out but there's still a chance to get hold of one
by Catherine MurphyLiverpool jewellery store Say It With Diamonds has released the ultimate advent calendar filled with some of its most popular pieces and gift vouchers.
The '24 Days of Say It With Diamonds' calendar is filled with jewellery such as earrings, necklaces and more.
Say It With Diamonds specialises in jewellery, particularly engagement rings, for all budgets.
It started back in 2016 and is owned by friends Charlotte Donoghue and Steph Porter, who initially ran things from Instagram before opening a city centre store last year.
Earlier this month, Say It With Diamonds relocated its Cavern Walks store to a new home inside the Metquarter.
Priced at £200, the calendar includes 24 draws with an item inside each one.
Demand has been huge for the calendar this year with the team announcing it was practically sold out - however fans can still sign up to a reserve list.
Images of the calendar, which have been shared across Say It With Diamonds' Instagram feed, have gained hundreds of likes and comments from jewellery lovers excited to buy one.
You can also sign up to the What's On newsletter - packed with brilliant things to see and do in Liverpool and beyond.


| interface xdc.runtime.IModule |
|
|
|
Base interface for all modules
All modules share a common set of configuration parameters and methods.
[
more ... ]
interface IModule {
module-wide config parameters
}
DETAILS
All modules share a common set of configuration parameters and methods.
INTERNAL
This section provides a terse summary of the methods provided by every
module for use within the module's implementation. Each method's
prototype is shown along with a brief summary of its behavior.
These methods are declared in the module's internal header which should
always be included in any file referencing these functions. For a
module named Mod the following statement includes this header.
#include "package/internal/Mod.xdc.h"
In the prototypes below, Mod refers to the module being implemented,
embeddedObj is the name of field in the module's state structure that
is either an embedded object field or an array of such objects, and
fld is the name of a field declared in the module's state structure.
// enter the module's gate
IArg Mod_Module_enter(Gate_Handle gate);
// leave the module's gate
Mod_Module_leave(Gate_Handle, IArg);
// return a pointer to the embeddedObj field
Ptr Mod_Module_State_embeddedObj();
// the value of the fld field of the module's state structure
Mod_module->fld; // fld is declared in module's .xdc file
EXTERNAL
This section provides a terse summary of the methods provided by every
module for use by an application or other modules. Each method's
prototype is shown along with a brief summary of its behavior.
These methods are declared in the module's header which should always
be included in any file referencing these functions. For a module named
Mod in the package named a.b.c, the following statement includes this
header.
In the prototypes below, IMod referes to some interface, Mod refers to
a module that (optionally) inherits from IMod, and pkgName is the
name of the package containing the interface IMod.
// methods to operate on modules
// return heap associated with this module
IHeap_Handle Mod_Module_heap();
// get Mod's module ID
Types_ModuleId Mod_Module_id();
// return TRUE if Mod's startup is complete
Bool Mod_Module_startupDone();
// type-safe conversion from an interface to an inheriting module
// Returns NULL if the conversion is not valid
Mod_Handle Mod_Handle_downCast(IMod_Handle handle);
// type-safe conversion from a module to an interface it inherits from
// Returns NULL if the conversion is not valid
IMod_Handle Mod_Handle_upCast(Mod_Module_Handle handle);
// methods to access the instances managed by Mod
// return heap used to create instances
IHeap_Handle Mod_Object_heap();
// return count of static instances
Int Mod_Object_count();
// get the i'th instance object of an array of instance objects
//
// If the array reference is NULL, get the i'th statically created
// instance object.
Mod_Object *Mod_Object_get(Mod_Object *array, Int i);
// get the first "live" runtime instance
Mod_Object *Mod_Object_first();
// get the next "live" runtime instance
Mod_Object *Mod_Object_next(Mod_Object *obj);
// methods that operate on instance handles
// fill in buf structure with instance's label info, returns buf
Types_Label *Mod_Handle_label(Mod_Handle inst, Types_Label *buf);
// returns name of the instance inst, if it has one (otherwise NULL)
String Mod_Handle_name(Mod_Handle inst);
// type-safe conversion of module handle to interface handle
// Returns NULL if the conversion is not valid
IMod_Handle Mod_Handle_to_pkgName_IMod(Mod_Handle inst);
// type-safe conversion of interface handle to module handle
// Returns NULL if the conversion is not valid
Mod_Handle Mod_Handle_from_pkgName_IMod(IMod_Handle inst);
// get the module that created the handle
Mod_Module Mod_Handle_to_Module(Mod_Handle inst);
| metaonly config IModule.common$ // module-wide |
|
Common module configuration parameters
DETAILS
All modules have this configuration parameter. Its name
contains the '$' character to ensure it does not conflict with
configuration parameters declared by the module. This allows
new configuration parameters to be added in the future without
any chance of breaking existing modules.
generated on Wed, 28 Aug 2019 19:03:48 GMT


GURUKUL 360 - II
Promoting project-based inter-disciplinary learning, so that hands-on learning takes place.
How does it works?
- Topic is given, for a week
- The student has create an inter-discplinary project report on the topic.
- Due to time constraints, I am not able to create upload system, but it will also availabe


Flat-combining stack.
More...
#include <cds/container/fcstack.h>
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typedef T | value_type |
| | Value type.
|
| |
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typedef Stack | stack_type |
| | Sequential stack class.
|
| |
|
typedef Traits | traits |
| | Stack traits.
|
| |
|
typedef traits::stat | stat |
| | Internal statistics type.
|
| |
|
|
| FCStack () |
| | Initializes empty stack object.
|
| |
| | FCStack (unsigned int nCompactFactor, unsigned int nCombinePassCount) |
| | Initializes empty stack object and gives flat combining parameters. More...
|
| |
| bool | push (value_type const &val) |
| | Inserts a new element at the top of stack. More...
|
| |
| bool | push (value_type &&val) |
| | Inserts a new element at the top of stack (move semantics) More...
|
| |
| bool | pop (value_type &val) |
| | Removes the element on top of the stack. More...
|
| |
|
void | clear () |
| | Clears the stack.
|
| |
| size_t | size () const |
| | Returns the number of elements in the stack. More...
|
| |
| bool | empty () |
| | Checks if the stack is empty. More...
|
| |
|
stat const & | statistics () const |
| | Internal statistics.
|
| |
|
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static constexpr const bool | c_bEliminationEnabled = traits::enable_elimination |
| | true if elimination is enabled
|
| |
template<typename T, class Stack = std::stack<T>, typename Traits = fcstack::traits>
class cds::container::FCStack< T, Stack, Traits >
Flat-combining stack.
Flat combining sequential stack.
Template parameters:
T
- a value type stored in the stack
Stack
- sequential stack implementation, default is std::stack<T>
Trats
- type traits of flat combining, default is fcstack::traits
fcstack::make_traits
metafunction can be used to construct specialized fcstack::traits
◆ FCStack()
template<typename T , class Stack = std::stack<T>, typename Traits = fcstack::traits>
Initializes empty stack object and gives flat combining parameters.
- Parameters
-
| nCompactFactor | Flat combining: publication list compacting factor |
| nCombinePassCount | Flat combining: number of combining passes for combiner thread |
◆ empty()
template<typename T , class Stack = std::stack<T>, typename Traits = fcstack::traits>
Checks if the stack is empty.
If the combining is in process the function waits while combining done.
◆ pop()
template<typename T , class Stack = std::stack<T>, typename Traits = fcstack::traits>
Removes the element on top of the stack.
val
takes a copy of top element
◆ push() [1/2]
template<typename T , class Stack = std::stack<T>, typename Traits = fcstack::traits>
Inserts a new element at the top of stack.
The content of the new element initialized to a copy of val
.
◆ push() [2/2]
template<typename T , class Stack = std::stack<T>, typename Traits = fcstack::traits>
Inserts a new element at the top of stack (move semantics)
The content of the new element initialized to a copy of val
.
◆ size()
template<typename T , class Stack = std::stack<T>, typename Traits = fcstack::traits>
Returns the number of elements in the stack.
Note that size() == 0
is not mean that the stack is empty because combining record can be in process. To check emptiness use empty function.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


Everybody Loves Pig Dice
Player One
Total Score:
Current Round:
Roll
Hold
Player Two
Total Score:
Current Round:
Roll
Hold
New Game


‘The Simpsons’ fans angered as Disney alters viewing format of classic episodes
The change has made a number of iconic Simpsons jokes obsolete when watching on Disney+
Fans of The Simpsons have been angered after new versions of classic episodes of the show have been altered on new streaming service Disney+.
The service, which launched yesterday (November 12), is showing episodes of the animated classic in a different aspect ratio to normal.
Disney+ has stretched episodes from the first 20 seasons of The Simpsons into the widescreen 16:9 ratio, which means that details on the edges of shot in the originals are often being cropped out.
And it turns out, with The Simpsons in particular, those outskirts contain some of the funniest and most iconic gags in the show.
One fan pointed out that the change means “you miss out on tons of great visual jokes,” pointing out one joke in particular concerning Homer’s favourite beer, Duff. See that below.
It’s led fans to make a number of memes mocking the mistake. The Simpsons used the traditional 4:3 aspect ratio for its first 20 seasons.
Disney+ also saw the launch of new Star Wars spin-off TV show The Mandalorian, which shared its first episode to mark the arrival of the new streaming service yesterday (November 12).
Disney+ launches in the UK on March 31, 2020.
Meanwhile, The Simpsons has recently recasted three of its roles following the death of voice actor Russi Taylor.


Valuation of Building & Real Estate
STARLIGHT VALUERS provides Real Estate Valuation consulting services specifically focused on the core issues concerning the purpose of Valuation. Our Real Estate Valuation services are used regularly by Developers, Lenders, Investors and PE funds seeking advice on their existing projects, proposed acquisitions and even for assets under liquidation. We have the experience of valuing real property on a local and national level basis. This experience provides insightful analysis of a client's essential needs.
One of our Principal Valuers holds the highly regarded ASA designation conferred by the American Society of Appraisers AND the Eminent RICS designation conferred by the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors. The Other Principal Valuers are registered under the Wealth Tax Act and are also associated with one of these organizations working towards a professional designation.
A strong national network and strict internal and external governances makes us a convincing choice for real estate valuation services. Our reports are presented in compliance with the IVSC and our reporting formats include self-contained reports, summary and restricted-use reports and agreed-upon procedures reports. Over the last three decades the various asset classes valued include viz.
• Residential and Commercial Property
• Retail Spaces, Shopping Malls, Multiplexes
• IT Parks
• Petrol Pumps
• Hotel, Resort, Service Apartment & Hospitality Property
• Industrial Unit and Warehouses
The valuation for the above mentioned asset classes are required for applications / purposes which include:
- Mortgage Lending
- Land acquisition Cases
- Computation of Capital gains Tax
- Family settlements
- Wealth tax
- Insurance
- Takeovers and mergers
- Transfer of property for partnership to private limited company
- Revaluation for public issue
- Review valuation
- Probate Valuations


-
Profile.rtx
Who?
Hi, I'm Topher. I wrote this site from the ground up using html, css, and javascript. I wrote it all on my phone too. Neat, huh?
It's mostly just for looks now. Maybe I'll make it do stuff someday... Until then, it's just my "Personal Profile Project Portfolio Page". :)What?
A simple single-page site themed to resemble PC desktop UI's.
Click the Start button to open the Start menu.
Select a Theme to change the style of the website.
Why?
Because, I have nothing better to do.Where?
Cincinnati, Ohio USAWhen?
Probably today.How?
I wrote it using various different code editors and IDEs from the Google Play Store. Acode and Code Editor
I used Termux to create a little Linux dev environment that allowed me to install git and Node.js, which in-turn let me install tools like SASS and FirebaseCLI.
I pieced together code I've learned from various tutorials found online. Most notably the clock from W3 and the navbar and theme switcher from Fireship.io.Next?
- Consolidate stylesheets so only ONE class needs to be edited/created per-theme.
- Add User Customizations (change wallpaper, accent color, etc).
- Add a few more styles inspired by Linux DE's like KDE and Gnome...
- Maybe add a couple more styles to the content windows (Console, IE, Notepad, Media Player, etc.).
- I'd also like to add things like a file manager that actually works. Or maybe a social management hub to collect user emails and Tweets for display on the webpage... Stuff like that would be cool.


GRASP
It’s easy to look at lines of code and think you know what programming is, but text is only one of many possible representations. GRASP visualizes Scheme ASTs with as little text as possible, using a force-directed 3D graph to organize the program’s structure. Data transformation happens laterally with functions, while references and variable scoping are organized vertically.
Functions are green, variables are blue, and environments are translucent. That's about it.
In GRASP, variables don’t need to be named, since every reference links back to just one spatially unique node in the original environment in which it was defined. Similarly, functions also don’t need labels, since they can link back to their original definitions. The “Labels” switch toggles these optional labels.
GRASP is an ongoing project. The project’s long-term goal is to eliminate the need for text entirely (changing the mindset to optionally “labeling” nodes to be searchable later), with the graph editable directly by dragging edges from node to node while reflecting those changes dynamically in the textual code.
Wait, this is just like every other visual programming thing I’ve seen
Maybe. I like to think it's different. All the visual “languages” that exist are shallow wrappers around inherently textual code, and usually end up requiring the user to type just as many characters to do the same thing, or (worse!) expose some pre-selected GUI toolbox of all the functions you can drag-and-drop. The goal of GRASP is to eliminate the keyboard altogether, and enable open-ended program construction in an interactive, intuitive manner that scales with program complexity and size. It seems subtle, but the difference is very fundamental.
Wait, the graph looks harder to understand than the code
It probably does! That’s because 1) this is in pre-alpha and I haven’t got the graphics to work well, but mostly 2) you’ve spent n years staring enormous text files of code and your brain has trained for ages to parse it. “anyone could learn Lisp in one day, except that if they already knew Fortran, it would take three days.” - Marvin Minsky For large n, it actually gets more difficult to think about programs in new contexts or in new representations. Grab the nearest non-coder and see if they ‘get’ GRASP. You might be surprised.
Name
GRASP is short for GRAphical liSP. Yes, I know.
Inspiration
GRASP was heavily inspired by many projects and people, only some of which are listed here.
- GRAIL (RAND Corp)
- “Free electronic document”, whatever that means
- Demo by Alan Kay
- Full Metal Jacket
- Bret Victor, a god among mortals, particularily for
- Scratch, but only because it convinced me that we can do so much better
- NoFlo, for reasons similar to Scratch
- Ivan Sutherland and Sketchpad
- Eve


Interfaces
biochemicalReaction
bioSource
catalysis
chemicalStructure
complex
complexAssembly
confidence
control
conversion
dataSource
deltaGprimeO
dna
entity
evidence
experimentalForm
externalReferenceUtilityClass
interaction
InteractionParticipant
kPrime
Level2Element
modulation
openControlledVocabulary
pathway
pathwayComponent
pathwayStep
physicalEntity
physicalEntityParticipant
physicalInteraction
process
protein
publicationXref
relationshipXref
rna
sequenceEntity
sequenceFeature
sequenceInterval
sequenceLocation
sequenceParticipant
sequenceSite
smallMolecule
transport
transportWithBiochemicalReaction
unificationXref
utilityClass
xref
XReferrable |


“Pare ca naṁ pasaṁsanti,
attā ce asamāhito;
Moghaṁ pare pasaṁsanti,
attā hi asamāhito.
If others praise one
who has no immersion,
they praise in vain,
as one has no immersion.
Pare ca naṁ garahanti,
attā ce susamāhito;
Moghaṁ pare garahanti,
attā hi susamāhito”ti.
…
Sirimā thero ….
vaggo dutiyo.
Tassuddānaṁ
If others rebuke one
who does have immersion,
they rebuke in vain,
as one does have immersion.
Cundo ca jotidāso ca,
thero heraññakāni ca;
Somamitto sabbamitto,
kāḷo tisso ca kimilo;
Nando ca sirimā ceva,
dasa therā mahiddhikāti.


process TEST = { service = MessageLogger { vstring destinations = { "detailedInfo.txt" , "critical.txt" } vstring fwkJobReports = { "long_job_report.xml" , "terse_job_report.xml" } PSet long_job_report.xml = { string threshold = "INFO" } PSet terse_job_report.xml = { string threshold = "ERROR" } } untracked PSet maxEvents = {untracked int32 input = 5} path p = { myAnalysisModule } module myAnalysisModule = ModuleThatIssuesMessages { } source = EmptySource { } }The vstring fwkJobReports = { ... } parameter instructs the message logger to form one or more (in this case, two) ELfwkJobReport destinations. Each such destination can be (and in the above example is) controlled by a PSet, establishing thresholds and limits.
One set of limits is imposed on the ELfwkJobReport destination by default and need not be mentioned in the .cfg file: The routine informational messages from the framework reporting transitions between modules and the start of each new event are defaulted to a limit of zero (and thus will not appear in the file, unless the .cfg file explicitly sets a different limit for them).
The format of the output is illustrated by this example, from
long_job_report.xml:
<FrameworkJobReport>
<Report>
<Severity> -e </Severity>
<Category> cat_A </Category>
<Message>
<Item> LogError was used to send this message </Item>
</Message>
<Module> UnitTestClient_A:sendSomeMessages </Module>
</Report>
<Report>
<Severity> -e </Severity>
<Category> cat_B </Category>
<Message>
<Item> LogError was used to send this other message </Item>
</Message>
<Module> UnitTestClient_A:sendSomeMessages </Module>
</Report>
<Report>
<Severity> -w </Severity>
<Category> cat_A </Category>
<Message>
<Item> LogWarning was used to send a message with the number </Item>
<Item> 46 </Item>
<Item> and this other string streamed to the logger </Item>
</Message>
<Module> UnitTestClient_A:sendSomeMessages </Module>
</Report>
<Report>
<Severity> -w </Severity>
<Category> cat_B </Category>
<Message>
<Item> LogWarning was used to send this other message </Item>
</Message>
<Module> UnitTestClient_A:sendSomeMessages </Module>
</Report>
<Report>
<Severity> -i </Severity>
<Category> cat_A </Category>
<Message>
<Item> LogInfo was used to send this message </Item>
</Message>
<Module> UnitTestClient_A:sendSomeMessages </Module>
</Report>
<Report>
<Severity> -i </Severity>
<Category> cat_B </Category>
<Message>
<Item> LogInfo was used to send this other message </Item>
</Message>
<Module> UnitTestClient_A:sendSomeMessages </Module>
</Report>
</FrameworkJobReport>


AACon Java Library
This page provides information pertaining to AACon Java library usage.
Using AACon Java library
For impatient: please find the complete example below
To calculate conservation using AACon follow the steps
- Load data
- Initialize the executor
- Decide on normalization
- Set conservation methods
- Output the results
All these steps are discussed in greater details below.
Loading data
AACon methods require a List of FastaSequence objects as input. Below is an example of how to load the Fasta formatted sequence file or the Clustal alignment file. For this call to succeed all
the sequences must be of the same length (as this is an alignment).
List<FastaSequence> sequences = CmdParser.openInputStream(<PATH_TO_INPUT_FILE>);
For the examples of the input file please see AACon standalone executable help page.
Initializing the executor
AACon methods require the ExecutorService object which is used to parallel the calculations. The ExecutorService initialized with the number of threads equals to the number of cores on the executing machine is recommended for a faster calculation and can be obtained as follows:
int corenum = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(corenum);
Please take care to initialize and pass only one executor to all the methods to avoid the waist of resources. After use, the executor must be disposed of, it can be done as follows: executor.shutdown();
Normalization
AACon methods require the boolean parameter telling the system whether the results should be normalized or not. Normalized results have values between 0 and 1. Please note however, that some results cannot be normalized. In such a case, the system returns not normalized values, and log the issue to the standard error stream. The following formula is used for normalization n = (d - dmin)/(dmax - dmin) Negative results first converted to positive by adding an absolute value of the most negative result.
Setting the conservation methods
AACon ConservationCalculator.getConservation() method takes a Set of ConservationMethod to use for calculating the conservation. Below is a few examples of making such sets.
- To calculate conservation according to KABAT method construct a set in the following way - EnumSet.of(ConservationMethod.KABAT).
- For all the methods use the following construct - EnumSet.allOf(ConservationMethod.class)
- For a set of methods including KABAT, JORES, SCHNEIDER, SHENKIN and GERSTEIN use the following construct - EnumSet.range(ConservationMethod.KABAT, ConservationMethod.GERSTEIN)
Output the results
The results can be output using one of the following methods
- ConservationFormatter.formatResults(Map<ConservationMethod, double[]> scores, OutputStream outStream)
- ConservationFormatter.formatResults(Map<ConservationMethod, double[]> scores, String outFilePath, Format format, List<FastaSequence> alignment)
Use the first method to output the results of the calculation without an alignment to any OutputStream. Use the second method to output results with the alignment.
First method usage example
// Usage example - printing results to the console
ConservationFormatter.outputScoreLine(result, System.out)
// printing results to the file
FileOutputStream outfile = new FileOutputStream("results.txt");
ConservationFormatter.formatResults(result, outfile);
outfile.close();
// Usage example - printing results with alignment in Fasta format to the file called output.txt
ConservationFormatter.formatResults(result, "test.txt",
Format.RESULT_WITH_ALIGNMENT, sequences);
For more information on the output formats please see standalone AACon help.
An example
Using AACon library for calculating conservation
// Determine the number of CPU cores available on the system.
int corenum = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
// Initialize the Executor instance with a number of cores
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(corenum);
// Load the data from the file containing either Clustal formatted alignment
// or a list of FASTA formatted sequences. Assuming that small.align file is
// in the same directory as this program
List<FastaSequence> sequences = CmdParser.openInputStream("small.align");
// Calculate conservation scores using all methods.
Map<ConservationMethod, double[]> result = getConservation(sequences, true,
EnumSet.allOf(ConservationMethod.class)), executor);
// Print the results to the console.
ConservationFormatter.formatResults(result, System.out);


Mission Statement
Click Image below to Access our Orginization's Trailer
As disciples of Christ we give of ourselves – our time, talents and resources – to care for those in need, wherever they may be. Providing for the poor and needy in the Lord’s way means that the giver helps those who are less fortunate, by giving according to what each has received from God.
Each gives freely and with a true spirit of love, recognizing that God is the source of all blessings and that a true disciple is responsible to use those blessings to meet these goals:
- Prolong Life
- Reduce suffering
- Foster Self-Reliance
- Prepare for Individual, Family and Community Emergencies
- Sustain Life, not a Life Style
- Promote Personal Responsibility
- Provide an Opportunity for Individuals to Serve Their Fellowmen.


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java.lang.Object View android.support.v7.internal.widget.ProgressBarICS
public class ProgressBarICS
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
ProgressBarICS(Context context,
AttributeSet attrs,
int defStyle,
int styleRes)
|
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
Drawable |
getIndeterminateDrawable()
Get the drawable used to draw the progress bar in indeterminate mode. |
Interpolator |
getInterpolator()
Gets the acceleration curve type for the indeterminate animation. |
int |
getMax()
Return the upper limit of this progress bar's range. |
int |
getProgress()
Get the progress bar's current level of progress. |
Drawable |
getProgressDrawable()
Get the drawable used to draw the progress bar in progress mode. |
int |
getSecondaryProgress()
Get the progress bar's current level of secondary progress. |
void |
incrementProgressBy(int diff)
Increase the progress bar's progress by the specified amount. |
void |
incrementSecondaryProgressBy(int diff)
Increase the progress bar's secondary progress by the specified amount. |
void |
invalidateDrawable(Drawable dr)
|
boolean |
isIndeterminate()
Indicate whether this progress bar is in indeterminate mode. |
void |
onRestoreInstanceState(Parcelable state)
|
Parcelable |
onSaveInstanceState()
|
void |
postInvalidate()
|
void |
setIndeterminate(boolean indeterminate)
Change the indeterminate mode for this progress bar. |
void |
setIndeterminateDrawable(Drawable d)
Define the drawable used to draw the progress bar in indeterminate mode. |
void |
setInterpolator(Context context,
int resID)
Sets the acceleration curve for the indeterminate animation. |
void |
setInterpolator(Interpolator interpolator)
Sets the acceleration curve for the indeterminate animation. |
void |
setMax(int max)
Set the range of the progress bar to 0...max. |
void |
setProgress(int progress)
Set the current progress to the specified value. |
void |
setProgressDrawable(Drawable d)
Define the drawable used to draw the progress bar in progress mode. |
void |
setSecondaryProgress(int secondaryProgress)
Set the current secondary progress to the specified value. |
void |
setVisibility(int v)
|
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public ProgressBarICS(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle, int styleRes)
| Method Detail |
|---|
public boolean isIndeterminate()
Indicate whether this progress bar is in indeterminate mode.
public void setIndeterminate(boolean indeterminate)
Change the indeterminate mode for this progress bar. In indeterminate mode, the progress is ignored and the progress bar shows an infinite animation instead.
If this progress bar's style only supports indeterminate mode (such as the circular progress bars), then this will be ignored.
indeterminate
- true to enable the indeterminate modepublic Drawable getIndeterminateDrawable()
Get the drawable used to draw the progress bar in indeterminate mode.
Drawable
instance#setIndeterminateDrawable(android.graphics.drawable.Drawable)
,
setIndeterminate(boolean)
public void setIndeterminateDrawable(Drawable d)
Define the drawable used to draw the progress bar in indeterminate mode.
d
- the new drawablegetIndeterminateDrawable()
,
setIndeterminate(boolean)
public Drawable getProgressDrawable()
Get the drawable used to draw the progress bar in progress mode.
Drawable
instance#setProgressDrawable(android.graphics.drawable.Drawable)
,
setIndeterminate(boolean)
public void setProgressDrawable(Drawable d)
Define the drawable used to draw the progress bar in progress mode.
d
- the new drawablegetProgressDrawable()
,
setIndeterminate(boolean)
public void postInvalidate()
public void setProgress(int progress)
Set the current progress to the specified value. Does not do anything if the progress bar is in indeterminate mode.
progress
- the new progress, between 0 and getMax()
setIndeterminate(boolean)
,
isIndeterminate()
,
getProgress()
,
incrementProgressBy(int)
public void setSecondaryProgress(int secondaryProgress)
Set the current secondary progress to the specified value. Does not do anything if the progress bar is in indeterminate mode.
secondaryProgress
- the new secondary progress, between 0 and getMax()
setIndeterminate(boolean)
,
isIndeterminate()
,
getSecondaryProgress()
,
incrementSecondaryProgressBy(int)
public int getProgress()
Get the progress bar's current level of progress. Return 0 when the progress bar is in indeterminate mode.
getMax()
setIndeterminate(boolean)
,
isIndeterminate()
,
setProgress(int)
,
setMax(int)
,
getMax()
public int getSecondaryProgress()
Get the progress bar's current level of secondary progress. Return 0 when the progress bar is in indeterminate mode.
getMax()
setIndeterminate(boolean)
,
isIndeterminate()
,
setSecondaryProgress(int)
,
setMax(int)
,
getMax()
public int getMax()
Return the upper limit of this progress bar's range.
setMax(int)
,
getProgress()
,
getSecondaryProgress()
public void setMax(int max)
Set the range of the progress bar to 0...max.
max
- the upper range of this progress bargetMax()
,
setProgress(int)
,
setSecondaryProgress(int)
public final void incrementProgressBy(int diff)
Increase the progress bar's progress by the specified amount.
diff
- the amount by which the progress must be increasedsetProgress(int)
public final void incrementSecondaryProgressBy(int diff)
Increase the progress bar's secondary progress by the specified amount.
diff
- the amount by which the secondary progress must be increasedsetSecondaryProgress(int)
public void setInterpolator(Context context, int resID)
context
- The application environmentresID
- The resource identifier of the interpolator to loadpublic void setInterpolator(Interpolator interpolator)
interpolator
- The interpolator which defines the acceleration curvepublic Interpolator getInterpolator()
Interpolator
associated to this animationpublic void setVisibility(int v)
public void invalidateDrawable(Drawable dr)
public Parcelable onSaveInstanceState()
public void onRestoreInstanceState(Parcelable state)
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Abstraction of a Scrabble game.
More...
#include <Game.hpp>
|
| string | codeGenerator () |
| | Generates an Id Code for the game. Its necessary for players that wants join to this game. More...
|
| |
| bool | recieveMessage (string json) |
| |
| int | addWord (vector< string > word, int row, int col, bool isVertical) |
| | Main algorithm of the game. It is responsible for adding the words to the board, validating them, looking for possible combinations and returning their score. More...
|
| |
| bool | validateWord (string word, int row, int col, bool isVertical) |
| |
| string | verticalIterator (string word, int len, int row, int col, bool isVertical) |
| |
| string | horizontalIterator (string word, int len, int row, int col, bool isVertical) |
| |
| string | dealTiles (int amount) |
| |
|
void | nextTurn () |
| | Change the turn by PlayerID.
|
| |
| void | resetBoard (int word_len, int row, int col, bool vertical) |
| |
|
bool | initSocket (int port=PORT) |
| | Is an interface that calls createSocket() and connectWithClients()
|
| |
|
void | addFirstClient () |
| | Add the first customer. No need for game code.
|
| |
| void | addClients () |
| |
| void | runServer () |
| | Run the socket on the Server Create a thread for the listening of each client. [REDIRECT TO socketServer::clientController()]. More...
|
| |
|
void | setMaxCap (string info) |
| |
|
int | getMaxCap () |
| |
| void | sendMessagetoAll (string msg) |
| | Method that is responsible for sending messages to all connected clients. More...
|
| |
|
void | sendSingleMessage (const char *msg, int descriptor) |
| | Send a message to a specific customer.
|
| |
|
int | getClientsAmt () |
| |
|
void | setCode (string code) |
| |
|
int | getClient (int index) |
| |
|
void | closeSocket () |
| |
Abstraction of a Scrabble game.
◆ Game()
Constructor.
- Parameters
-
| players | Amount of players of the game |
| gameSocket | A pointer |
◆ addClients()
| void server_Socket::addClients |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inherited |
Add the other clients to the game (To the limit).
- Note
- REQUIRES GAME CODE
◆ addWord()
| int Game::addWord |
( |
vector< string > |
word, |
|
|
int |
row, |
|
|
int |
col, |
|
|
bool |
isVertical |
|
) |
| |
|
private |
Main algorithm of the game. It is responsible for adding the words to the board, validating them, looking for possible combinations and returning their score.
- Parameters
-
| word | [int]: Word to add |
| row | |
| col | |
| isVertical | [int]: bool flag that indicates if the added word is vertical |
- Returns
- [out] If word could be added.
◆ codeGenerator()
| string Game::codeGenerator |
( |
| ) |
|
|
private |
Generates an Id Code for the game. Its necessary for players that wants join to this game.
- Returns
- [out]: Game ID code. Example: Q&my4Y
◆ dealTiles()
| string Game::dealTiles |
( |
int |
amount | ) |
|
|
private |
Send the tiles to the players
- Parameters
-
| amount | How many letterTiles needs the player |
- Returns
- the string w/letterTiles
◆ getGameCode()
| string Game::getGameCode |
( |
| ) |
|
Getter of gameCode attribute
- Returns
- [out]: A game code to join him.
◆ horizontalIterator()
| string Game::horizontalIterator |
( |
string |
word, |
|
|
int |
len, |
|
|
int |
row, |
|
|
int |
col, |
|
|
bool |
isVertical |
|
) |
| |
|
private |
Check if there are any words composed in the row of the word entered.
- Parameters
-
- Returns
◆ msgHandler()
| void Game::msgHandler |
( |
const char * |
msg | ) |
|
|
overridevirtual |
Is responsible for managing what is done with the message received from the client
- Parameters
-
| msg[in] | Message sended by the client |
Reimplemented from server_Socket.
◆ play()
Function that keeps the game active as long as the amount of LetterTiles is greater than zero
◆ recieveMessage()
| bool Game::recieveMessage |
( |
string |
json | ) |
|
|
private |
Receive the message from the clients.
- Returns
◆ resetBoard()
| void Game::resetBoard |
( |
int |
word_len, |
|
|
int |
row, |
|
|
int |
col, |
|
|
bool |
vertical |
|
) |
| |
|
private |
Resets the Board if word isnt accepted
- Parameters
-
| position | vector with recent positions added |
◆ runServer()
| void server_Socket::runServer |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inherited |
Run the socket on the Server Create a thread for the listening of each client. [REDIRECT TO socketServer::clientController()].
- Parameters
-
| n[in] | Maximun amount of clients that socket can manage |
◆ sendMessagetoAll()
| void server_Socket::sendMessagetoAll |
( |
string |
msg | ) |
|
|
inherited |
Method that is responsible for sending messages to all connected clients.
- Parameters
-
| message | [in]: Messages that the server must send to clients |
◆ validateWord()
| bool Game::validateWord |
( |
string |
word, |
|
|
int |
row, |
|
|
int |
col, |
|
|
bool |
isVertical |
|
) |
| |
|
private |
Function that is responsible for executing the Word Finder algorithm, for the search of simple or compound words.
- Parameters
-
- Returns
◆ verticalIterator()
| string Game::verticalIterator |
( |
string |
word, |
|
|
int |
len, |
|
|
int |
row, |
|
|
int |
col, |
|
|
bool |
isVertical |
|
) |
| |
|
private |
Check if there are any words composed in the column of the word entered.
- Parameters
-
- Returns
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:


{% load staticfiles %}
We are registered at
Bed Bath and Beyond
and The Bay.
If you'd like to give cash, we will be putting monetary gifts towards our honeymoon as well as new
furniture for our condo. If you'd like to give through e-transfer, please use the email
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Thank you for helping us get on our feet, we really appreciate it :)
#} {# Bed Bath and Beyond has #} {#
#} {##} {# TO DONATE: La Strada Ukraine currently does not have a good international donations platform.#} {# In order to minimize excessive international wire transfer fees, guests who wish to donate to La Strada can give cash (CAD or USD) or cheques (Canadian or American) addressed to Rowena in the gift box available at the wedding.#} {# Please write 'La Strada' clearly on the memo line of the cheque or in the card.#} {# We'll ensure the money is safely and directly delivered to La Strada.#} {#
#} {##} {# Spark MicroGrants is a small NGO pioneering a new method of community development.#} {# Spark supports rural poor communities to design, implement and manage their own social impact projects.#} {# They provide micro-grants of between $2,000-$10,000 to enable project implementation, such as of a school, electricity line or farm.#} {# No interest or repayment of the funds granted is requested.#} {# To date Spark has partnered with over 100 communities in Rwanda, Uganda, and Burundi who have developed local project plans and are in the process of implementing them.#} {#
#} {#