Character (1997)
Director: Mike van Diem Cast: Fedja Van Huet, Jan Decleir, Betty Schuurman, Victor Low, Tamar van den Dop, Hans Kesting, Lou Landre Screenplay: Mike van Diem, Laurens Geels, Ruud van Megen Producers: Laurens Geels Runtime: 120 min. US Distribution: Sony Pictures Classics Rated R: violence
By Nathaniel R. Atcheson<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Many films feature strange and convoluted family relations, but few show them with the emotional strength and visual presentation of Mike van Diem's Character. This is the first picture I've seen of the five that were nominated for Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film this year; I can't say that this one is better than the others, but I am certainly not disappointed with its winning of the award. This is a strong, bold film, powered by superb central performances from Fedja Van Huet and Jan Decleir, and by some of the most striking imagery to come out of any film in the last year.
Character, which takes place in the Netherlands around the 1930s, revolves around young Katadreuffe (Van Huet), a young man who, at the beginning of the picture, is seen confronting an aging man who has apparently worked against him his entire life. The story then jumps ahead of time; the older man is dead, and Katadreuffe is being interrogated by police officers. The young man then tells his story, beginning with his birth. It turns out that the older man, Dreverhaven (Decleir), is Katadreuffe's father. Katadreuffe goes on to explain his life story to the police officers.
He speaks of his mother, Joba (Betty Schuurman), with whom he did not get along. He explains his failed efforts to begin his own business, and his love for reading the few books he had at his disposal. When he is old enough, he goes to work at a law firm, and a lawyer named De Gankelaar (Victor Low) takes Katadreuffe under his wing. Katadreuffe is forced to borrow a large sum of money at one point, and it turns out that the bank from which he takes the loan is his father's bank. From that point on, the two men clash with animosity, and Katadreuffe does everything that he can to beat his father.
Character tells a deep and immersive story of a complex father/son relationship, but, on the surface, it's a fascinating and absorbing film, always interesting to look at and effective as entertainment. Van Diem, who also co-wrote, does a fantastic job with direction, and keeps the pacing swift and smooth throughout the picture. The production design, by Rikke Jelier, is interestingly colorless and fantastically dark; the city streets and building interiors have such an authentic feel to them that I never once questioned the on-screen image. Rogier Stoffers' cinematography is agitated and fascinating to watch; also splendid is the heavy musical score by Paleis van Boem, full of thick stringed instruments that fit the mood of the film perfectly.
The acting from the two leading men is superb. Van Huet is a striking presence, and plays this character with depth and complexity. Katadreuffe is an interesting person to begin with -- dignified, determined, and extremely intelligent. Van Huet conveys all of this and more, layering the performance in brilliant subtleties and nuances (watch how his demeanor changes in numerous ways depending on his situation). Decleir is equally good, but in different ways. I sometimes criticize a film for having a one-note villain (I shouldn't refer to this man as a "villain," actually), but there's more to this performance than is outwardly noticeable. He seems like a bad man, but what he actually does for his son warrants much consideration.
There is so much to admire about the smooth and complete way that Van Diem has brought this subject to the screen. The film relies a lot on plot and story, but without bogging down the characters in contrivances and Things that Make you Think Twice. I like how the story is character-driven, but still features many interesting turns throughout. And, even though the film is inherently sad and has several tragic moments, Van Diem never sentimentalizes the material.
But there's something profound at the center of Character. The title itself explains a lot of what the film is about -- are Dreverhaven's intentions deeper than they first appear? I think that they are. Viewers must remember that this is a man who has tried hard to be an influence in his son's life. He is a stern man -- perhaps he's just plain mean -- but Van Diem is too smart to make this a character whose intentions are clear. Character is a film that never goes beyond its boundaries -- it's a slick, entertaining, and honest picture about a relationship so strange that it actually qualifies as realistic.
***1/2 out of **** (8/10, A-)
Visit FILM PSYCHOSIS at http://www.pyramid.net/natesmovies
Nathaniel R. Atcheson
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rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Our Diploma In Java course is specially designed to cater the requirement of both IT and Non-IT students. Even if students having no IT background are taught from basics of programming.
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Class: Aws::ElasticLoadBalancingV2::Types::LoadBalancerAttribute
| Relationships & Source Files | |
| Super Chains via Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance | |
|
Class Chain:
self,
Struct
|
|
|
Instance Chain:
self,
::Aws::Structure ,
Struct
|
|
| Inherits: |
Struct
|
| Defined in: | gems/aws-sdk-elasticloadbalancingv2/lib/aws-sdk-elasticloadbalancingv2/types.rb |
Overview
Information about a load balancer attribute.
Constant Summary
Instance Attribute Summary
-
#key ⇒ String
rw
The name of the attribute.
-
#value ⇒ String
rw
The value of the attribute.
Instance Method Summary
::Aws::Structure
- Included
| #to_hash | Alias for Structure#to_h. |
Instance Attribute Details
#key ⇒ String
(rw)
The name of the attribute.
The following attributes are supported by all load balancers:
deletion_protection.enabled
- Indicates whether deletion protection is enabled. The value istrue
orfalse
. The default isfalse
.load_balancing.cross_zone.enabled
- Indicates whether cross-zone load balancing is enabled. The possible values aretrue
andfalse
. The default for Network Load Balancers and Gateway Load Balancers isfalse
. The default for Application Load Balancers istrue
, and cannot be changed.
The following attributes are supported by both Application Load Balancers and Network Load Balancers:
access_logs.s3.enabled
- Indicates whether access logs are enabled. The value istrue
orfalse
. The default isfalse
.access_logs.s3.bucket
- The name of the::Aws::S3
bucket for the access logs. This attribute is required if access logs are enabled. The bucket must exist in the same region as the load balancer and have a bucket policy that grants Elastic Load Balancing permissions to write to the bucket.access_logs.s3.prefix
- The prefix for the location in the::Aws::S3
bucket for the access logs.ipv6.deny_all_igw_traffic
- Blocks internet gateway (IGW) access to the load balancer. It is set tofalse
for internet-facing load balancers andtrue
for internal load balancers, preventing unintended access to your internal load balancer through an internet gateway.
The following attributes are supported by only Application Load Balancers:
idle_timeout.timeout_seconds
- The idle timeout value, in seconds. The valid range is 1-4000 seconds. The default is 60 seconds.routing.http.desync_mitigation_mode
- Determines how the load balancer handles requests that might pose a security risk to your application. The possible values aremonitor
,defensive
, andstrictest
. The default isdefensive
.routing.http.drop_invalid_header_fields.enabled
- Indicates whether HTTP headers with invalid header fields are removed by the load balancer (true
) or routed to targets (false
). The default isfalse
.routing.http.preserve_host_header.enabled
- Indicates whether the Application Load Balancer should preserve theHost
header in the HTTP request and send it to the target without any change. The possible values aretrue
andfalse
. The default isfalse
.routing.http.x_amzn_tls_version_and_cipher_suite.enabled
- Indicates whether the two headers (x-amzn-tls-version
andx-amzn-tls-cipher-suite
), which contain information about the negotiated TLS version and cipher suite, are added to the client request before sending it to the target. Thex-amzn-tls-version
header has information about the TLS protocol version negotiated with the client, and thex-amzn-tls-cipher-suite
header has information about the cipher suite negotiated with the client. Both headers are in OpenSSL format. The possible values for the attribute aretrue
andfalse
. The default isfalse
.routing.http.xff_client_port.enabled
- Indicates whether theX-Forwarded-For
header should preserve the source port that the client used to connect to the load balancer. The possible values aretrue
andfalse
. The default isfalse
.routing.http.xff_header_processing.mode
- Enables you to modify, preserve, or remove theX-Forwarded-For
header in the HTTP request before the Application Load Balancer sends the request to the target. The possible values areappend
,preserve
, andremove
. The default isappend
.- If the value is
append
, the Application Load Balancer adds the client IP address (of the last hop) to theX-Forwarded-For
header in the HTTP request before it sends it to targets. - If the value is
preserve
the Application Load Balancer preserves theX-Forwarded-For
header in the HTTP request, and sends it to targets without any change. - If the value is
remove
, the Application Load Balancer removes theX-Forwarded-For
header in the HTTP request before it sends it to targets.
- If the value is
routing.http2.enabled
- Indicates whether HTTP/2 is enabled. The possible values aretrue
andfalse
. The default istrue
. Elastic Load Balancing requires that message header names contain only alphanumeric characters and hyphens.waf.fail_open.enabled
- Indicates whether to allow a WAF-enabled load balancer to route requests to targets if it is unable to forward the request to Amazon Web Services WAF. The possible values aretrue
andfalse
. The default isfalse
.
#value ⇒ String
(rw)
The value of the attribute.


3
1 Yahweh says this:
"At that time, I will bring back the people whom their enemies took away from Jerusalem and from other places in Judah.
2 Then in the Valley of Jehoshaphat I will gather together the people of all the other nations;
I will judge and punish them
because they scattered my Israelite people
and forced them to go to other countries,
and because they divided up my land among themselves.
3 They played games of chance to determine who would get each of my people.
Then they sold some of the Israelite boys and girls
to get money to pay for prostitutes and wine to drink.
4 You people of the cities of Tyre and Sidon, and you people of Philistia—you are angry at me, but you have no reason to be. If you are trying to get revenge on me, I will very quickly get revenge on you.
5 You took the silver and gold and other valuable things from my temple and put them into your own temples.
6 You dragged away the people of Jerusalem and other places in Judah, and you took them far away and sold them to Greek traders.
7 But I will make it possible for my people to return from the places to which you sold them, and I will do to you what you did to them.
8 Then I will cause some of your sons and your daughters to be sold to the people of Judah! And they will be sold to the Sabea people group, who live far away. That will certainly happen because I, Yahweh, have said it."
9 Proclaim to the people of all nations,
"Prepare for a war!
Summon your soldiers;
tell them to stand in their battle positions.
10 Take your plows and make swords from them;
take your pruning knives and make spears from them.
Even the weak people must also say they are strong soldiers.
11 All you people from the nations that are near Judah
must come quickly and gather in the Valley of Jehoshaphat."
But Yahweh, when that happens, send your army of angels to attack them!
12 Yahweh says, "The people in the nations near Judah must get ready and come to the Valley of Jehoshaphat.
There I will sit as a judge, and I will punish them.
13 They are like crops that are ready to be harvested;
so strike them like a farmer swings his sickle to cut the grain.
They are like grapes that are piled high in the pits where they will be pressed;
because they are very wicked,
punish them severely now,
like a farmer tramples on the grapes until the pits overflow with juice."
14 There will be the noise of huge crowds of people in that Valley of Judgment.
It will soon be the time that Yahweh will punish them.
15 At that time there will be no light from the sun or moon,
and the stars will not shine.
16 From Mount Zion in Jerusalem Yahweh will shout;
his voice will be like thunder,
and his voice will cause the sky and the earth to shake.
But Yahweh will protect his people;
he will be like a strong wall behind which the people of Israel will be protected.
17 Yahweh says, "At that time, you Israelite people will know that I am Yahweh, your God.
I live on Zion, the hill I have set apart for myself.
Jerusalem will be a city very special to me,
and soldiers from other countries will never conquer it again.
18 At that time, there will be vineyards covering the hills,
and your cattle and goats on those hills will produce plenty of milk.
The streams in Judah will never dry up,
And a stream will flow from my temple into the Valley of Acacia northeast of the Dead Sea.
19 The armies of Egypt and Edom attacked the people of Judah
and killed many people who had not done anything that was wrong.
So now those countries will be ruined, with no one living there any longer.
20 But there will always be people living in Jerusalem and in other places in Judea.
21 I, Yahweh, live on Mount Zion in Jerusalem,
and I will get revenge on the people of Egypt and Edom who killed many of my people."


Jacob Resman
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Object-Oriented Sets
In this assignment you will work with an object-oriented representations based on binary trees. Object-Oriented Sets
For this part, you will earn credit by completing the TweetSet.scala file. This file defines an abstract class TweetSet with two concrete subclasses,Empty which represents an empty set, and NonEmpty(elem: Tweet, left: TweetSet, right: TweetSet), which represents a non-empty set as a binary tree rooted at elem. The tweets are indexed by their text bodies: the bodies of all tweets on the left are lexicographically smaller than elem and all bodies of elements on the right are lexicographically greater.
Note also that these classes are immutable: the set-theoretic operations do not modify this but should return a new set.
Before tackling this assignment, we suggest you first study the already implemented methods contains and incl for inspiration. 1 Filtering
Implement filtering on tweet sets. Complete the stubs for the methods filter and filterAcc. filter takes as argument a function, the predicate, which takes a tweet and returns a boolean. filter then returns the subset of all the tweets in the original set for which the predicate is true. For example, the following call:
tweets.filter(tweet => tweet.retweets > 10)
applied to a set tweets of two tweets, say, where the first tweet was not retweeted and the second tweet was retweeted 20 times should return a set containing only the second tweet.
Hint: start by defining the helper method filterAcc which takes an accumulator set as a second argument. This accumulator contains the ongoing result of the filtering.
/** This method takes a predicate and returns a subset of all the elements
* in the original set for which the predicate is true.
*/
def filter(p: Tweet => Boolean): TweetSet
def filterAcc(p: Tweet => Boolean, acc: TweetSet): TweetSet
The definition of filter in terms of filterAcc should then be straightforward. 2 Taking Unions
Implement union on tweet sets. Complete the stub for the method union. The method union takes another set that, and computes a new set which is the union of this and that, i.e. a set that contains exactly the elements that are either in this or in that, or in both.
def union(that: TweetSet): TweetSet
Note that in this exercise it is your task to find out in which class(es) to define the union method (should it be abstract in class TweetSet?).
Warning : This method is a crucial part of the assignment. There are many ways to correctly code it, however some implementations run in an exponential time, so be careful, an inefficient implementation might result in a timeout during the grading process. 3 Sorting Tweets by Their Influence
The more often a tweet is “re-tweeted” (that is, repeated by a different user with or without additions), the more influential it is.
The goal of this part of the exercise is to add a method descendingByRetweet to TweetSet which should produce a linear sequence of tweets (as an instance of class TweetList), ordered by their number of retweets:
def descendingByRetweet: TweetList
This method reflects a common pattern when transforming data structures. While traversing one data structure (in this case, a TweetSet), we’re building a second data structure (here, an instance of class TweetList). The idea is to start with the empty list Nil (containing no tweets), and to find the tweet with the most retweets in the input TweetSet. This tweet is removed from the TweetSet (that is, we obtain a new TweetSet that has all the tweets of the original set except for the tweet that was “removed”; this immutable set operation, remove, is already implemented for you), and added to the result list by creating a new Cons. After that, the process repeats itself, but now we are searching through a TweetSet with one less tweet.
Hint: start by implementing the method mostRetweeted which returns the most popular tweet of a TweetSet. 4 Tying everything together
In the last step of this assignment your task is to detect influential tweets in a set of recent tweets. We are providing you with a TweetSet containing several hundred tweets from popular tech news sites in the past few days, located in the TweetReader object (file “TweetReader.scala”).TweetReader.allTweets returns an instance of TweetSet containing a set of all available tweets.
Furthermore, you are given two lists of keywords. The first list corresponds to keywords associated with Google and Android smartphones, while the second list corresponds to keywords associated with Apple and iOS devices. Your objective is to detect which platform has generated more interest or activity in the past few days.
As a first step, use the functionality you implemented in the first parts of this assignment to create two different TweetSets, googleTweets andappleTweets. The first TweetSet, googleTweets, should contain all tweets that mention (in their “text”) one of the keywords in the google list. The second TweetSet, appleTweets, should contain all tweets that mention one of the keyword in the apple list. Their signature is as follows:
lazy val googleTweets: TweetSet
lazy val appleTweets: TweetSet
Hint: use the exists method of List and contains method of classjava.lang.String.
From the union of those two TweetSets, produce trending, an instance of class TweetList representing a sequence of tweets ordered by their number of retweets:
lazy val trending: TweetList


Guided Tours
New York, New York
$1,899 for 7 nights
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Paris, France
$2,499 for 7 nights
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Madrid, Spain
$1,577 for 5 nights
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Tokyo, Japan
$1,999 for 5 nights
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America
Europe
Asia


The job of a design leader is to direct teams to differentiate on the experience, to deliver truly inspiring designs that monetize. But, many UX teams deliver dreary designs, even when they at times have budgets in the tens of millions of dollars. What is this, if not a failure in UX leadership?
Look– great UX leaders must be great leaders, and have strong design chops– a rare combo. For a seasoned design leader, it’s hard work, but deeply rewarding. What are some requirements for going big? UX leaders…


com.datamelt.rules.core
Classes
ActionObject
Parameter
ReferenceField
RuleCollection
RuleExecutionCollection
RuleExecutionResult
RuleGroup
RuleMessage
RuleMessageCollection
RuleObject
RuleObjectCollection
RuleSubGroup
RuleSubGroupCollection
XmlAction
XmlRule


Rotate image(s) counter-clockwise by 90 degrees.
tf.compat.v1.image.rot90
tf.compat.v2.image.rot90
tf.image.rot90( image, k=1, name=None )
a=tf.constant([[[1],[2]],[[3],[4]]]) # rotating `a` counter clockwise by 90 degrees a_rot=tf.image.rot90(a,k=1) #rotated `a` print(a_rot) # [[[2],[4]],[[1],[3]]]
Args:
image: 4-D Tensor of shape [batch, height, width, channels]
or 3-D Tensor
of shape [height, width, channels]
.
k: A scalar integer. The number of times the image is rotated by 90 degrees.
name: A name for this operation (optional).
A rotated tensor of the same type and shape as image
.
ValueError
: if the shape of image
not supported.


Tech Issues
July 13, 2015
On trend with the political correctness of our world today, it is no wonder that lack of diversity in the tech world is one of its' most talked about issues. When the average person thinks of a web developer they think of a nerdy white male sitting in the corner with a hoodie, headphones on, coding away. This is a stigma the tech community has been trying to shake in recent years with the boom of the tech industry. Although the nerdy persona may be easy to rid itself of, it still remains that the tech world is a white male dominated industry.
To take a look at why this industry is so male dominated we would have to go way back to the late 80's/early 90's where another tech boom occured. During this era was when the personal computer was becoming increasingly popular in homes along with video games, and movies portratying white male characters. What started off as a completely female dominated industry with that of the telephone operator was making a swift shift towards the other end of the gender spectrum. It seems that the tech industry has not been able to quite recover from the perception the media has given the average sowftware developer. More than 60% of jobs in the tech industry are held by males with over 50% of those jobs being held by a white male/female.
The good news is that steps are being made to get more women and minorities into this highly lucrative industry. There's expected to be a gap of tech jobs in the next 2 years with not enough skilled workers to fill them. Efforts are being made to hopefully fill this gap with accelerated programs such as Dev Bootcamp that are far more accessible to the average population than a four year degree. The tech initiative encourages people to realize that the educational model is changing and bootcamps are forging a path for what is expected to be a more successful and efficient way of learning. The tech initiative also extends a grant to women and minorities interested in the programs making it easier than ever to break into the industry.


2048
0
0
Join the numbers and get to the 2048 tile!
How to play: Use your arrow keys to move the tiles. When two tiles with the same number touch, they merge into one!
Join the numbers and get to the 2048 tile!
How to play: Use your arrow keys to move the tiles. When two tiles with the same number touch, they merge into one!


The following classes and functions are designed to make working with the WSGI specification easier or operate on the WSGI layer. All the functionality from this module is available on the high-level Request/Response classes.
You can import all these objects directly from werkzeug.
These classes and functions simplify working with the WSGI application iterator and the input stream.
The WSGI specification requires that all middlewares and gateways respect the close callback of an iterator. Because it is useful to add another close action to a returned iterator and adding a custom iterator is a boring task this class can be used for that:
return ClosingIterator(app(environ, start_response), [cleanup_session,
cleanup_locals])
If there is just one close function it can be passed instead of the list.
A closing iterator is not needed if the application uses response objects and finishes the processing if the response is started:
try:
return response(environ, start_response)
finally:
cleanup_session()
cleanup_locals()
This class can be used to convert a file-like object into an iterable. It yields buffer_size blocks until the file is fully read.
You should not use this class directly but rather use the wrap_file() function that uses the WSGI server’s file wrapper support if it’s available.
New in version 0.5.
If you’re using this object together with a BaseResponse you have to use the direct_passthrough mode.
| Parameters: |
|---|
Wraps a stream so that it doesn’t read more than n bytes. If the stream is exhausted and the caller tries to get more bytes from it on_exhausted() is called which by default returns an empty string. The return value of that function is forwarded to the reader function. So if it returns an empty string read() will return an empty string as well.
The limit however must never be higher than what the stream can output. Otherwise readlines() will try to read past the limit.
The silent parameter has no effect if is_exhausted() is overriden by a subclass.
Changed in version 0.6: Non-silent usage was deprecated because it causes confusion. If you want that, override is_exhausted() and raise a BadRequest yourself.
Note on WSGI compliance
calls to readline() and readlines() are not WSGI compliant because it passes a size argument to the readline methods. Unfortunately the WSGI PEP is not safely implementable without a size argument to readline() because there is no EOF marker in the stream. As a result of that the use of readline() is discouraged.
For the same reason iterating over the LimitedStream is not portable. It internally calls readline().
We strongly suggest using read() only or using the make_line_iter() which safely iterates line-based over a WSGI input stream.
| Parameters: |
|
|---|
Exhaust the stream. This consumes all the data left until the limit is reached.
| Parameter: | chunk_size – the size for a chunk. It will read the chunk until the stream is exhausted and throw away the results. |
|---|
This is called when the stream tries to read past the limit. The return value of this function is returned from the reading function.
Per default this raises a BadRequest.
Read size bytes or if size is not provided everything is read.
| Parameter: | size – the number of bytes read. |
|---|
Safely iterates line-based over an input stream. If the input stream is not a LimitedStream the limit parameter is mandatory.
This uses the stream’s read() method internally as opposite to the readline() method that is unsafe and can only be used in violation of the WSGI specification. The same problem applies to the __iter__ function of the input stream which calls readline() without arguments.
If you need line-by-line processing it’s strongly recommended to iterate over the input stream using this helper function.
| Parameters: |
|
|---|
Wraps a file. This uses the WSGI server’s file wrapper if available or otherwise the generic FileWrapper.
New in version 0.5.
If the file wrapper from the WSGI server is used it’s important to not iterate over it from inside the application but to pass it through unchanged. If you want to pass out a file wrapper inside a response object you have to set direct_passthrough to True.
More information about file wrappers are available in PEP 333.
| Parameters: |
|---|
These functions operate on the WSGI environment. They extract useful information or perform common manipulations:
Return the real host for the given WSGI environment. This takes care of the X-Forwarded-Host header.
| Parameter: | environ – the WSGI environment to get the host of. |
|---|
A handy helper function that recreates the full URL for the current request or parts of it. Here an example:
>>> from werkzeug import create_environ
>>> env = create_environ("/?param=foo", "http://localhost/script")
>>> get_current_url(env)
'http://localhost/script/?param=foo'
>>> get_current_url(env, root_only=True)
'http://localhost/script/'
>>> get_current_url(env, host_only=True)
'http://localhost/'
>>> get_current_url(env, strip_querystring=True)
'http://localhost/script/'
| Parameters: |
|
|---|
Removes and returns the next segment of PATH_INFO, pushing it onto SCRIPT_NAME. Returns None if there is nothing left on PATH_INFO.
If there are empty segments ('/foo//bar) these are ignored but properly pushed to the SCRIPT_NAME:
>>> env = {'SCRIPT_NAME': '/foo', 'PATH_INFO': '/a/b'}
>>> pop_path_info(env)
'a'
>>> env['SCRIPT_NAME']
'/foo/a'
>>> pop_path_info(env)
'b'
>>> env['SCRIPT_NAME']
'/foo/a/b'
New in version 0.5.
| Parameter: | environ – the WSGI environment that is modified. |
|---|
Returns the next segment on the PATH_INFO or None if there is none. Works like pop_path_info() without modifying the environment:
>>> env = {'SCRIPT_NAME': '/foo', 'PATH_INFO': '/a/b'}
>>> peek_path_info(env)
'a'
>>> peek_path_info(env)
'a'
New in version 0.5.
| Parameter: | environ – the WSGI environment that is checked. |
|---|
Simple test application that dumps the environment. You can use it to check if Werkzeug is working properly:
>>> from werkzeug import run_simple, test_app
>>> run_simple('localhost', 3000, test_app)
* Running on http://localhost:3000/
The application displays important information from the WSGI environment, the Python interpreter and the installed libraries.
Marks a function as responder. Decorate a function with it and it will automatically call the return value as WSGI application.
Example:
@responder
def application(environ, start_response):
return Response('Hello World!')


Analyze some of the questions you've asked (either in the community, to a a friend, or in Google). Were these good questions? What was good/ not so good about them? How could you make them better so you are more likely to get an answer?
In my most recent questions I've found that I didn't articulate my thoughts clearly enough so that a person outside of my own head could follow it. Often times I find that I'll have to re-state the question at least once. The root of my problem is usually that I tend to leave out a lot of the details in my questions since I assume people will know what I'm talking about. To the person I'm talking to it may seem like I am asking a question without the necessary context. Whenever I'm using a website like stackoverflow I find it difficult to search for questions that might have the answers I'm looking for. I know for a fact that this is something I could work on a bit. I usually start off by typing certain keywords and phrases but somehow my queries never yield what I'm looking for. I think it's a matter of knowing the right buzz words to use in your search query. So often the thing or concept I'm searching for actually has a common name that I just don't know.
What Makes A Good Question
A good question is insightful and it targets specific points that you don't understand about something in a given topic. It also leaves the answers open enough that you can ask follow up questions to learn more. I try not to ask about the basic mechanics of things because those usually allude to the fact that you're missing something conceptually and instead should be asking more conceptual questions. There are exceptions where it might be a valid question when asking for some obscure syntax but usually I try stay away from those sorts of questions that only have one answer.


Lets get started by authorizing Igor to work with Cloud 66 and Slack
1 Go to https://my.slack.com/apps/A0F7YS25R-bots
2 Go to add configuration, choose a name and add the integration.
3 Paste the Slack and Cloud 66 tokens in the form below.


All of the land surrounding Navy Pier is man-made. In fact, everything from about Michigan Avenue to here was created with landfill, dirt, and ash. New downtown real estate has added miles of parkland and made it easier for boaters and anglers to access the shore. But it also displaced nearshore habitats important to the overall health of the lake. In fact, nearly every aquatic species in Lake Michigan either spends a portion of its life in shallow water or feeds on species that do. Nearshore habitats like wetlands and beaches also trap contaminants that might otherwise pollute the lake.
The city has launched several habitat restoration projects over the last few decades. Farther out into the lake, an artificial reef is helping boost the populations of fish critical to the Lake Michigan food web, such as smallmouth bass, yellow perch, and alewife. Trees and plants near the water’s edge and in nearby parks provide much-needed habitats for the millions of migratory birds that pass through Chicago in the spring and fall. One of the largest reconstruction projects in the city’s history broke ground in 2012 at Northerly Island, just south of Museum Campus. There, the flat land of a former airport is being reshaped into woodlands, prairies, and wetlands.


A little about me...
I am currently studying full time at Epicodus and plan on doing the Front End and Design track. I came here because I love seeing projects take shape and collaborating. I'm excited to see what the future holds for me after the program and for all of the thing I'll learn while I'm here.
I have been coding as a hobby for almost a year and decided I was ready to accelerate my learning and commit to it!
My passion in life has always been music. I studied at PSU and PCC while working toward a degree in Jazz Composition. I try to play guitar every day.
I relish every opportunity I get to teach someone or pass along any skills I've picked up along the way.
Before starting Epicodus I worked for Whole Foods Market for ten years . I learned how to work on a team and how to lead one. I spent three years in a leadership role there, responsible for training people, developing and executing programs and purchasing and maintaining inventories. Before Epicodus began, I moved into a completely different position there as a carpentry and equipment maintenence tech. I'll just say I got really handy, really fast. During this time I also with a good friend of mine helping with his small business in an exploding industry. I love working with tight knit groups of people and I believe that teamwork makes the dream work!


I love to watch my fingers dance on the keyboard while typing HTML and CSS
I enjoy making things functional and good-looking using these guys here:
Browse through my Github!github irenaJura


NEWS.md
cplot.default()
method and modified documentation of cplot()
, image()
, and persp()
methods slightly. (#84, h/t Luke Sonnet)cplot()
for generalized linear models, which can generate unexpected confidence intervals (albeit ones consistent with base R’s behavior). (#92)margins_summary()
which provides a single-function expression of summary(margins(...))
. (#94, h/t Mike DeCrescenzo)persp()
related to attempting to take the mean of a factor variable. (#93, h/t Jared Knowles)print()
and summary()
methods related to the release of prediction 0.3.6.gradient_factory()
to be more robust to an expanded set of model classes through the introduction of an internal function reset_coefs()
. A test suite for this function has been added.margins.default()
now attempts to calculate marginal effect variances in order to, by default, support additional model classes.margins()
now returns attributes “vcov” and “jacobian” (the latter only when vce = "delta"
), which contain the full variance-covariance matrix for the average marginal effects and jacobian for the same. This is different behavior from the previous draft (v0.3.17) because the attributes now always contain a single matrix; again use the vcov()
method rather than accessing the attribute directly lest it change in the future. This allows calculation combination of marginal effects, such as the difference between two AMEs. Some internal functions have been renamed and code reorganized to make this possible. (#87, h/t Trenton Mize)margins()
now contains the input value passed to the at
argument to the function. New attribute “at_vars” returns a character vector of variables specified therein.margins()
now contains an added column "_at_number"
, which specifies which at
combination a row comes from. This may be changed or removed in the future, but is useful for matching subsets of the data frame to corresponding entries in the “vcov” and “jacobian” matrices.margins()
now returns an attribute (“vcov”) containing the variance-covariance matrix for the average marginal effects and a new vcov.margins()
method is provided for extracting it. Behavior when using at
specifications is unspecified and may change in the future. (#87, h/t Trenton Mize)README.Rmd
. (#83)master
cplot()
when xvar
was of class “ordered”. (#77, h/t Francisco Llaneras)plot.margins()
when at
contained only one variable. (#78, h/t @cyberbryce)y ~ I(x^2)
, y ~ x + I(2*x)
, and those involving RHS interactions between factors where some cells are not observed in the data. Added a test suite to cover these cases. (#82)find_terms_in_model()
.clean_terms()
) that occurred when formulae contained variables with backticked names that contained spaces. (#80)dydx()
now uses the performance-enhancing prediction::prediction(..., calculate_se = FALSE)
setting, where possible (introduced in prediction 0.2.4)data.table::rbindlist()
is used instead of base::rbind()
inside dydx()
.marginal_effects()
and dydx()
gain an as.data.frame
argument to regulate the class of their responses.prediction::prediction()
were halved by stacking data frames used in calculating numerical derivatives (inside dydx()
methods) and then splitting the resulting predicted value vectors.varslist
, to marginal_effects()
and several internal functions that significantly improves performance. The performance gain is due to computational cost of identifying terms in model formulae each time marginal_effects()
was called, which occurred repeatedly (e.g., during variance estimation). By performing this once at the margins()
-level and passing the argument throughout, margins()
is perhaps twice as fast as in versions <= 0.3.9. But, importantly, note that this argument should not be specified by end users!find_terms_in_model()
and clean_terms()
, removing many regex calls with the goal of improving performance.margins()
for unweighted models.print()
and summary()
now handle survey-weighted marginal effects.margins()
and marginal_effects()
gain a variables
argument to request marginal effects for a subset of variables included in a model. (#65, h/t Vincent Arul-Bundock)margins.merMod()
. (#56)cplot.clm()
method. (#63, h/t David Barron)cplot.polr()
. (#62, h/t David Barron)margins.merMod()
.print()
and summary()
methods to using weighted.mean()
instead of mean()
. (#45)margins()
. It now returns a data frame with an added at
attribute, specifying the names of the variables that have been fixed by build_datalist()
. (#58)margins()
. Marginal effects columns are prefixed by dydx_
. Variances of the average marginal effect are stored (repeatedly, across observations) in new Var_dydx_
columns. Unit-specific standard errors, if requested, are stored as SE_dydx_
columns. (#58)summary.margins()
now returns a single data frame of marginal effect estimates. Column names have also changed to avoid use of special characters (thus making it easier to use column names in plotting with, for example, ggplot2). Row-order can be controlled by the by_factor
attribute, which by default sorts the data frame by the factor/term. If set to by_factor = FALSE
, the data frame is sorted by the at
variables. This behavior cascades into the print.summary.margins()
method. (#58)print.margins()
now presents (but does not return) effect estimates as a condensed data frame with some auxiliary information. Its behavior when using at
is improved and tidied. (#58)build_margins()
is no longer exported. Arguments used to control its behavior have been exposed in margins()
methods.plot.margins()
now displays marginal effects across each level of at
. (#58)build_margins()
and thus margins()
no longer returns the original data twice (a bug introduced by change in behavior of prediction()
). (#57)"marginslist"
have been removed. (#58)at
argument in plot.margins()
has been renamed to pos
, to avoid ambiguity with at
as used elsewhere in the package.persp()
and image()
methods gain a dx
argument (akin to that in cplot()
) to allow visualization of marginal effects of a variable across levels of two other variables. The default behavior remains unchanged."merMod"
models from lme4, though no variance estimation is currently supported.prediction::mean_or_mode()
for use in cplot()
methods.cplot.polr()
now allows the display of “stacked” (cumulative) predicted probabilities. (#49)cplot(draw = "add")
to display predicted probabilities across a third factor variable. (#46)build_datalist()
and seq_range()
functions to the prediction package.cplot.multinom()
method has been added.cplot.lm()
has been refactored so that the actual plotting code now relies in non-exported utility functions, which can be used in other methods. This should make it easier to maintain existing methods and add new ones. (#49)cplot()
method for objects of class "polr"
has been added (#49).extract_marginal_effects()
function has been removed and replaced by marginal_effects()
methods for objects of classes "margins"
and "marginslist"
.prediction()
issue for models of class "svyglm"
. (#47, h/t Carl Ganz)get_effect_variances(vce = "bootstrap")
, wherein the variance of the marginal effects was always zero.prediction()
generic and methods into a separate package, prediction, to ease maintainence.print.summary.margins()
method to separate construction of the summary data frame the printing thereof.cplot()
, persp()
, and image()
gain a vcov
argumetn to pass to `build_margins(). (#43)cplot()
now allows for the display of multiple conditional relationships by setting draw = "add"
. (#32)cplot()
data. (#31)dydx.default()
to allow the calculation of various discrete changes rather than only numerical derivatives.data
argument in margins()
and prediction()
to be clearer about what is happening when it is set to missing.marfx
(#31, h/t Jeffrey Arnold)prediction()
methods to, hopefully, reduce memory footprint of model objects. (#26)variances
field in “margins” objects (to lower case), for consistency.image()
method for “lm”, “glm”, and “loess” objects, as a flat complement to existing persp()
methods. (#42)prediction()
method for “gls” objects (from MASS::gls()
). (#3)numDeriv::jacobian()
with an internal alternative. (#41)prediction()
method for “ivreg” objects (from AER::ivreg()
). (#3)prediction()
method for “survreg” objects (from survival::survreg()
). (#3)prediction()
method for “polr” objects (from MASS::polr()
). (#3)prediction()
method for “coxph” objects (from survival::coxph()
). (#3)marginal_effects()
and prediction()
are now S3 generics, with methods for “lm” and “glm” objects, improving extensability. (#39, #40)prediction()
returns a new class (“prediction”) and gains a print()
method.prediction()
, marginal_effects()
, cplot()
, and persp()
. No effect variances are currently calculated. (#3)prediction()
method for “nls” objects. (#3)get_effect_variances()
gains a “none” option for the vce
argument, to skip calculation of ME variances.marginal_effects()
issues a warning (rather than fails) when trying to extract the marginal effect of a factor variable that was coerced to numeric in a model formula via I()
. (#38)marginal_effects()
to use a vectorized approach to simple numerical differentiation. (#36/#37, h/t Vincent Arel-Bundock)margins.plm()
method, which didn’t actually work because “plm” does not provide a predict()
method.inst/doc
.build_margins()
now returns columns containing unit-specific standard errors of marginal effects.vc
argument to build_margins()
to allow the passing of arbitrary variance-covariance matrices. (#16, h/t Alex Coppock & Gijs Schumacher)cplot()
now draws confidence intervals for “effect” plots.get_marginal_effects()
wherein the method
argument was ignored. This improves performance significantly when using method = "simple"
(the default differentiation method).persp()
methods for “lm” and “glm” class objects to display 3-dimensional representations of predicted values and marginal effects.plot.margins()
method for mimicking Stata’s marginsplot
behavior.cplot()
generic and methods for “lm” and “glm” class objects to display conditional predictions and conditional marginal effects in the style of the interplot and plotMElm packages.build_margins()
is called by margins()
methods (perhaps repeatedly) and actually assembles a “margins” object from a model and data. It is never necessary to call this directly, but may be useful for very simple marginal effect estimation procedures (i.e., using original data with no at
specification). Second, marginal_effects()
is the very low level function that differentiates a model with respect to some input data (or calculate discrete changes in the outcome with respect to factor variables). This is the fastest way to obtain marginal effects without the overhead of creating a “margins” object (for which variance estimation is fairly time-consuming).numDeriv::grad()
rather than symbolic differentiation. This allows margins()
to handle almost any model that can be specified in R, including models that cannot be specified in Stata.build_datalist()
now checks for specification of illegal factor levels in at
and errors when these are encountered.


CrimPapers
Articles published on 1 July 2019
On 1 July 2019, 7 new articles were published in 6 journals.
How Do the Components of Procedural Justice and Driver Race Influence Encounter-Specific Perceptions of Police Legitimacy During Traffic Stops? by Starr J. Solomon
The Application of Risk–needs Programming in A Juvenile Diversion Program by Lindsey E. Wylie, Samantha S. Clinkinbeard, Anne Hobbs
The Impact of A Local Community Engagement Intervention on Residents’ Fear of Crime and Perceptions of the Police by Steven Lockey, Les Graham, Tom Redman, Yuyan Zheng, Gillian Routledge, Laura Purves
Military Sexual Trauma and Intimate Partner Violence: Subtypes, Associations, and Gender Differences
The Influence of Room Spaciousness on Investigative Interviews by Katherine Hoogesteyn,
ewout Meijer,
aldert Vrij
A Retrospective Examination of Antisocial and Risk-Taking Behaviours by Kimberley A. Brindle, Terence V. Bowles, Elizabeth Freeman
Women, Old Age, and Imprisonment in Victoria, Australia 1860–1920 by Victoria M. Nagy


The main Form component that is required to wrap all RBF components.
If the component that uses the Form component is a functional component then
only the state props & state update function returned from the useState hook are
required. If you are calling Form component from a class component then you must
pass your local context or this
keyword to
the context
prop.
Generated using TypeDoc
Access the form state within a React Context Api Consumer scope
For example:
<Form state={this.state} context={this}> <FormConsumer> {({state}) => { return <div>{state} is equal {myState}</div>; }} </FormConsumer> </Form>


{% extends "global/Page.html" %} {% load otree static %} {% block title %}
Click on the button to change your group. You will be displayed on the screen using the
image below:
Click on the button to stay in your group. You will be displayed on the screen using the
image below:


The Multiple Playlist Parser can be used to parse the following playlist types on the fly:
Select your playlist from your harddrive. Once selected the parser will immediatelly display your playlist in a form (only Artist and Title will be displayed).


Get this information in PDF format! Visit .htaccess Character Definitions for free download.
#
The # instructs the server to ignore the line. used for including comments. each line of comments requires it’s own #. when including comments, it is good practice to use only letters, numbers, dashes, and underscores. this practice will help eliminate/avoid potential server parsing errors.
[F]
Forbidden: instructs the server to return a 403 “Forbidden” response to the client.
[L]
Last rule: instructs the server to stop rewriting after the preceding directive is processed.
[N]
Next: instructs Apache to rerun the rewrite rule until all rewriting directives have been achieved.
[G]
Gone: instructs the server to deliver a 410 “Gone” response (indicating that the resource no longer exists.
[P]
Proxy: instructs server to handle requests by mod_proxy.
[C]
Chain: instructs server to chain the current rule with the previous rule.
[R]
Redirect: instructs Apache to issue a redirect, causing the client to request the new content.
[NC]
No Case: defines any associated argument as case-insensitive. That is, “NC” = “No Case”.
[PT]
Pass Through: instructs mod_rewrite to pass the rewritten URL back to Apache for further processing.
[OR]
Or: specifies a logical “or” that ties two expressions together such that either one proving true will cause the associated rule to be applied.
[NE]
No Escape: instructs the server to parse output without escaping characters.
[NS]
No Subrequest: instructs the server to skip the directive if internal sub-request.
[QSA]
Append Query String: directs server to add the query string to the end of the expression (URL).
[S=x]
Skip: instructs the server to skip the next “x” number of rules if a match is detected.
[E=variable:value]
Environmental Variable: instructs the server to set the environmental variable “variable” to “value”.
[T=MIME-type]
Mime Type: declares the mime type of the target resource.
[]
Specifies a character class, in which any character within the brackets will be a match. For example, [xyz] will match either an “x”, “y”, or “z”.
[]+
Character class in which any combination of items within the brackets will be a match. For example, [xyz]+ will match any number of “x”, “y”, “z”, or any combination of these characters.
[^]
Specifies not within a character class. For example, [^xyz] will match any character that is neither “x”, “y”, nor “z”.
[a-z]
A dash (-) between two characters within a character class ([]) denotes the range of characters between them. For example, [a-zA-Z] matches all lowercase and uppercase letters from “a” thru “z”.
a{n}
Specifies an exact number, n, of the preceding character. For example, x{3} matches “x” exactly three times.
a{n,}
Specifies n or more of the preceding character. For example, x{3,} matches “x” three or more times.
a{n,m}
Specifies a range of numbers, between n and m, of the preceding character. For example, x{3,7} matches “x” three, four, five, six, or seven times.
()
Used to group characters together, thereby considering them as a single unit. For example, (perishable)?press will match “press”, with or without the
“perishable” prefix.
^
Denotes the beginning of a regex (regex = regular expression) test string. That is, begin argument with the proceeding character.
$
Denotes the end of a regex (regex = regular expression) test string. That is, end argument with the previous character.
?
Declares as optional the preceding character. For example, monzas? will match “monza” or “monzas”, while mon(za)? will match either “mon” or “monza”. That is, x? matches “x” zero or one times.
!
Declares negation. For example, !string matches everything except string.
.

–
Instructs “not to” rewrite the URL, as in (.*) - [F].
+
Matches one or more of the preceding character. For example, G+ matches “G” one or more times.
*
Matches zero or more of the preceding character. For example, you can use .* as a wildcard to match anything (or nothing).
|
Declares a logical “or” operator. For example, (x|y) matches “x” or “y”.
\
Escapes special characters ( ^ $ ! . * | ). For example, use \. to indicate/escape a literal dot.
\.
Indicates a literal dot (escaped).
/*
Zero or more slashes.
.*
Zero or more arbitrary characters.
^$
Defines an empty string.
.*
The standard pattern for matching everything (or nothing).
[^/.]
Defines one character that is neither a slash nor a dot.
[^/.]+
Defines any number of characters which contains neither slash nor dot.
http://
This is a literal statement — in this case, the literal character string, http://.
^domain.*
Defines a string that begins with the term “domain”, which then may be proceeded by any number of any characters.
^domain\.com$
Defines the exact string, “domain.com”.
-d
Tests if string is an existing directory.
-f
Tests if string is an existing file.
-s
Tests if file in test string has a non-zero value.


Georges Bizet (1838-1875)
The composer of the classic opera "Carmen" was born in 1838 near Paris. Bizet's first teacher was his father, a noted voice teacher and pianist. Later he studied at the Paris Conservatory, where one of his instructors was Gounod. At 19, Bizet won the prestigious Prix de Rome.
Bizet's first opera, "La Maison du Docteur," was written when he was only 14. He wrote "Le Docteur Miracle" in 1857, winning the Prix de Rome. This piece was later performed at the Bouffes-Parisiens. Bizet used the prize money from the award to subsidize his stay in Paris. From 1858 to 1860, Bizet started several operas, but managed to only finish one, "Don Procopio." This opera, written in 1859, was not put on stage until 1906. Lacking commercial success, Bizet made his living from teaching the piano, and as a accompanist for other people's work.
Yet, he still wrote. The 1863 opera, "Les PÃªcheurs de Perles," takes place in the Orient, and probably contains material from his earlier, unfinished operas. The opera did not meet with either commercial or critical success. Hector Berlioz, who praised the opera, was one notable exception. Nevertheless, Bizet received a commission for another work, the five-act "Ivan IV" in 1865. Sadly, production on this opera had to be abandoned after many delays and problems. "Ivan IV" had to wait until 1946 before being received on stage.
Other operas followed, by none of them were commercial or critical successes. The production of "La Jolie Fille de Perth" was met with better reviews, but not commercial acclaim. The same was true of "Djamileh," written in 1871.
Despite his failures, Bizet was asked to write an opera based on Merimee's "Carmen." Controversy surrounded the piece because of its subject matter. Bizet refused to water-down the material, despite the fear that the opera would alienate the public. The public was alienated. The opera closed after only 48 performances. Yet, a year after Bizet's death, the piece was revived with a series of triumphant performances in Vienna. "Carmen" is recognized as Bizet's masterpiece, and a classic.
Bizet died in 1875 at the age of 42.


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--- layout: post title: ToxoDB 38 Released category: [ToxoDB] ---
We are pleased to announce the release of ToxoDB 38


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Ptolemy II Coding
This directory contains the Ptolemy II documentation for programmers interested in extending Ptolemy.


Sometimes when developing, reversing, or otherwise working with Android apps, it can be useful to see what's in your (or your target's) data directory. Typically, you either have root or the app's signing keys so it's trivial to see what's going on. However, there are couple situations where you might not be rooted or can't directly read the app's data directory. For example, you might be working on a friend's device or debugging a library that is included in an app for which you don't have the signing keys.
This post addresses one possible solution to this problem, which is to examine a backup of that app's data taken via ADB. ADB backups are meant to make local backups of app data that are compressed and optionally encrypted. In our case, we don't want or need to encrypt the backup since we're planning to extract it for our own reading anyway.
Let's look at the adb backup options:
adb backup [-f <file>] [-apk|-noapk] [-obb|-noobb] [-shared|-noshared] [-all] [-system|-nosystem] [<packages...>]
- write an archive of the device's data to <file>.
If no -f option is supplied then the data is written
to "backup.ab" in the current directory.
(-apk|-noapk enable/disable backup of the .apks themselves
in the archive; the default is noapk.)
(-obb|-noobb enable/disable backup of any installed apk expansion
(aka .obb) files associated with each application; the default
is noobb.)
(-shared|-noshared enable/disable backup of the device's
shared storage / SD card contents; the default is noshared.)
(-all means to back up all installed applications)
(-system|-nosystem toggles whether -all automatically includes
system applications; the default is to include system apps)
(<packages...> is the list of applications to be backed up. If
the -all or -shared flags are passed, then the package
list is optional. Applications explicitly given on the
command line will be included even if -nosystem would
ordinarily cause them to be omitted.)
Note that if the app developer has allowBackup:false
in their manifest, you won't be able to use this method.
So we can create a backup for our app with something like:
adb backup <package_name>
This will open a prompt on the device to confirm a backup.
Once we have this backup file (backup.ab
by default) we can extract it to see what's inside. The file format is a modified compressed tar. The modifications are an extra four lines at the beginning of the file that contain metadata about the backup; ANDROID BACKUP "magic number," version, compression, and encryption algorithm respectively. Since the file isn't encrypted, we can easily extract the file by dropping the first four "extra" lines and prepending the gzip header.
First four lines of backup.ab
look something like this:
ANDROID BACKUP
3
1
none
...rest of file
To extract:
# drop the first four lines:
tail -n +5 backup.ab > trimmed.dat
# add the gz header:
printf "\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00" | cat - trimmed.dat > backup.gz
# eXtract, Verbose, compreZZed, File
tar -xvzf backup.gz
# or all together:
(printf "\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00" ; tail -n +5 backup.ab) | tar xvzf -
Once the backup is extracted, we can easily browse what data was stored locally by our application.


13 Command Reference Pages
The reference pages for the SICStus Prolog command line tools
follow, in alphabetical order.
- sicstus(1)
- SICStus Prolog Development System
- spdet(1)
- Determinacy Checker
- spld(1)
- SICStus Prolog Application Builder
- splfr(1)
- SICStus Prolog Foreign Resource Linker
- splm(1)
- SICStus Prolog License Manager
- spxref(1)
- Cross Referencer
Send feedback on this subject.


US, China trade deal ‘potentially very close’, says Trump
WASHINGTON, Nov 22 — US President Donald Trump today said Washington and Beijing could be on the cusp of sealing a partial trade deal but reiterated he was in no hurry to sign.
But Trump’s remarks were a rejoinder to statements made hours earlier by Chinese leader Xi Jinping, who told a gathering of dignitaries in Beijing that China wanted a deal but was “not afraid” to fight back if needed.
“We have a deal, potentially very close,” Trump said during a freewheeling interview on Fox News.
“He wants to make a deal much more than I want to make it. I’m not anxious to make it.”
Trump added that revenues from tariffs on Chinese imports were a windfall for the United States, something economists say is in fact weighing on the economy.
The US president’s remarks did little to clarify whether the two parties are in fact making progress in finalizing the text of the “phase one” agreement Trump announced last month.
China has called for a rollback of existing US tariffs as part of the agreement but US officials have said instead they could consider delaying a fresh round of duty increases that are set to take effect on December 15.
The US-trade conflict is now well into its second year, with hundreds of billions of dollars in two-way trade subject to steep duties. — AFP


- 00 - "Empty" - moves instruction pointer without side effects
- 11 - "Read" - reads the value from input
- 11 - "Write" - prints the value
- 20 - "Load" - loads the value into register
- 21 - "Store" - stores the value from the register in the memory
- 30 - "Add" - addition of values in the memory and in the register
- 31 - "Sub" - subtraction of value in the memory from the value in the register
- 32 - "Div" - division of value in the register by value from memory
- 33 - "Mul" - multiplication of values in the memory and in the register
- 40 - "Go" - jump to particular memory cell
- 41 - "GoNeg" - jump to particular memory cell if value in register is negative
- 42 - "GoZero" - jump to particular memory cell if value in register is zero
- 43 - "Halt" - stop the execution


Founded in 1989 by Carol Allin, Supplies Express Inc. (SEI) is a commercial furniture and design company based in Centreville, Virginia. SEI provides space planning, interior design, furniture selection , specification, and procurement services. Clients include GSA purchasers, federal, and local governments and others.
SEI has the capability to ship commercial furniture around the world, coordinate office moves and redesigns, and assemble and install furniture on site.
Carol is a seasoned design and procurement professional who owns several commercial furniture businesses along with her husband, Phil.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block body %}
This is a tutorial for Python programmers who would like to improve their knowledge of SQL.
What this tutorial aims to teach you, the level of knowledge you will need to use it and how you can help to improve it.
The tutorial includes lots of code which you may wish to run for yourself and there are several options for how to do so.
Coming soon - background material on relational databases and SQL.


Enjoy the comfort and amenities of a 50' catamaran to view Santa Barbara sunsets from the Pacific. You may be lucky enough to spot a whale while more common visitors off the decks include dolphin, seals and sea lions. To add to your comfort, full bar onboard as well as snacks for purchase. With reservations made far enough in advance, this experience is available as a private charter.
2 Hour Cruises
(note: please visit our store for pricing or keep reading for more information)
For all your private events and special occasions, step aboard the stylish 73-foot yacht, Azure Seas and experience the ultimate in Santa Barbara private cruises. With amazing views from any location on this luxury yacht, you and your guests are sure to have a memorable time. With reservations made far enough in advance, this experience is available as a private charter.
1 1/2 Hour Cruises
(note: please visit our store for pricing or keep reading for more information)
Click on the dropdown menu from the adventures tab at the top of the page to see details about the Channel Islands as well as each of the adventures offered through Shoreline Summit Adventures.


View Menu
| Option | Description |
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| Line Wrap | Toggle line wrap (this selection is applied to all open documents). If selected, lines that are longer than the width of the work area will be wrapped to a second line. |
| Line Numbers | Toggle showing line numbers (this selection is applied to all open documents). If selected, line numbers will appear in a column on the left of the work area. |
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| Set Theme | See the Themes Submenu page. |


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{% extends 'base_card_content.html' %} {% block title %}Password Reset Complete{% endblock %} {% block card-title %}Password Reset Complete{% endblock %} {% block cardcontent %}
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Class a.eventEmitter
Class defined in:..\framework\appstorm\core\message.js:29
Simple hash change checker to allow creating multi-page system
Examples: here
__clearEventType
( type
) /* private method */
..\framework\appstorm\core\message.js:46
Clear the unused (empty) types
Parameters:-
type
<String>The type associated with current clearing
addListener
( type, fn
)
..\framework\appstorm\core\message.js:74
Adding a listener to a specific message type
Parameters:-
type
<String>The event name
-
fn
<Function>The function to attach
addListenerOnce
( type, fn
)
..\framework\appstorm\core\message.js:100
Adding a listener only one
Parameters:-
type
<String>The event name
-
fn
<Function>The function to attach
dispatch
( type, data
)
..\framework\appstorm\core\message.js:188
Call an event, according to it's type
Parameters:-
type
<String>The event name to dispatch
-
data
<Object>Anything you want to pass threw this event
removeAllListeners
( type
)
..\framework\appstorm\core\message.js:153
Remove all listeners for a given type
Parameters:-
type
<String>The event type to remove
removeListener
( type, fn
)
..\framework\appstorm\core\message.js:119
Removing a listener to a specific message type
Parameters:-
type
<String>The event name
-
fn
<Function>The function to detach
setName
( name
)
..\framework\appstorm\core\message.js:63
Set the name of event root type, you can specify your own "root name" to identify more easily the event emitter
Parameters:-
name
<String>The name to set (default is "a.message")


|
MPL
|
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <assert.h>
Go to the source code of this file.
Namespaces | |
| utils | |
Functions | |
| bool | utils::isPrime (const int &n) |
| Compute if integer is prime or not prime. More... | |
| std::vector< int > | utils::convertDecimalToBinary (int n) |
| Compute binary representation of decimel number. More... | |
| double | utils::powd (const double &x, const int &y) |
| Compute x^y where the inputs and outputs are doubles. More... | |
| double | utils::dist (const std::vector< double > p1, const std::vector< double > p2) |
| Compute Euclidean distance between a pair of points. More... | |
| double | utils::area_of_triangle (const std::pair< double, double > pt1, const std::pair< double, double > pt2, const std::pair< double, double > pt3) |
| Compute area of a triangle using the shoelace formula. More... | |
| double | utils::angleDifference (double alpha, double beta) |
| Compute the difference between angles in radians where the difference (i.e., beta - alpha) is given between -180 and 180. More... | |
| std::vector< double > | utils::diag (std::vector< double > vals) |
| Return diagonal matrix using elements of vector as diagonal entries where matrix(3*i + j) is the element of the ith row and jth column. More... | |
| bool | utils::inPolygon (std::vector< double > point, std::vector< std::vector< double > > vertices) |
| Return true if 2D point is inside polygon represented by vertices where vertices[i] = [x, y]. More... | |
Author(s): Jared Strader
Date: 11/22/19


ISBN is a unique commercial book identifer. ISBN barcodes uses EAN-13 symbology for representing it in a barcode.


Battle Systems in Games
David Roth, Cyrill Brunner
Overview
- Realtime
- Turn-based
- Mixed type
Realtime battle systems
Unrestricted
Free movement
Free attack flow
Pausable vs. non-pausable
Special type
Linear Motion Battle System (LMBS)
- Enhanced LMBS
- Progressive LMBS
- Petit LMBS (Turnbased)
- Aggressive LMBS
- Condensed LMBS
- Trust & Tactical LMBS
- Multi-Line LMBS (1st 3D)
- 3-Line LMBS
- Online LMBS
- Crossover LMBS
- Flex Range LMBS
- 3-on-3 LMBS
- Aerial Linear LMBS
- Dimension Stride LMBS
- Flex Range Element Enhanced LMBS
- Evolved Flex Range LMBS
- Combination Aerial Linear LMBS
- Style Shift LMBS
- Dual Raid LMBS
- Cross Dual Raid LMBS
- Fusionic Chain LMBS
- Liberation LMBS
- Tales of Arise - ??? LMBS
Take-away
- + Established
- + High-energy
- - May be complex to implement
- - Difficult to make unique
- - Bug-prone
Turn-based battle systems
Discrete moves
Simple Alternating
Card-based
ATB
ATB
Plan out turn
Tactical
Often control multiple units
- Permaloss?
- Special Win conditions
Strategic
Distinction blurry
I don't know
Take-away
- + Limitless potential
- + Vast depths possible
- - Can feel out-of-place
- - Complexity for AI
Realtime ATB
Realtime + Pause & Plan


Code explanation¶
This section will give a brief overview of the implementation and the the main python classes, for details please go here. The software consists of one socket server module, Server.py, and four classes, Measurement.py, Analyze.py, Receiver.py and finally Finalize.py. I have been inspired by the SALSA system, created by Eskil Varenius, and you will find similarites in some modules. The code for the SALSA system can be found here.
USRP_start.sh¶
This is a optimization and initialization script for the GNURadio-FFTS. Creates RAMDisk for sampled data, optimizes GNURadio by configuring network buffers and starts the PCIE interface as well as the FFTS.
#!/bin/bash
#Title: Ettus USRP optimization and storage init
#Author: Simon Olvhammar
#Create and mount RAMDisk
sudo mkdir /tmp/ramdisk
sudo chmod 777 /tmp/ramdisk
sudo mount -t tmpfs -o size=16384M tmpfs /tmp/ramdisk
# Configure Network Buffers
sudo sysctl -w net.core.rmem_max=33554432
sudo sysctl -w net.core.wmem_max=33554432
# Initalize Ettus USRP PCIe drivers
sudo ~/bin/niusrprio-installer/niusrprio_pcie start
#Message to User
echo "Ettus USRP PCIe drivers activated"
echo "RAMDisk is 8GB in size and located at /tmp/ramdisk"
echo "Starting GNURadio-FFTS..."
#Start FFTS
python /home/olvhammar/GNURadio-FFTS/Software_HRC/Server.py
Server.py¶
This module is a socket server used to communicate with the receiver and basically just handles commands. The code is pretty much self explanatory and can be found at the GITHUB pages under Olvhammar/GNURadio-FFTS.
Measurement.py¶
This is the most important class in the application since this is the base for the Dicke-switching. This class controls the Gnuradio flowgraph, Receiver.py, in order to separate the samples corresponding to signal or reference. Separation of the samples is based upon a switch that is controlled by the state of external SR and DV signals that is transmitted to the GPIO of the Ettus X310. It also contains functions such as automatic gain adjustment. The gain adjustment is based on monitoring the raw samples from the Ettus USRP. The distribution is then checked and gain set accordingly for several loops until the full dynamic range of the A/D converter is covered.
Receiver.py¶
Receiver.py is the Gnuradio flowgraph and is best explained using a gnuradio-companion flowgraph. The flowgraph is abit simplified and the FFTS includes blocks for e.g. sample monitoring, however that would just clutter the graph, but the fundamentals are displayed. The situation gets a bit more complicated for a two channel setup but the principle is similar. Se Software_HRC/Receiver.py for details.
Basically it computes the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) from the complex sample stream and saves it to file sinks. A in stream averaging procedure is implemented through a Single Pole IIR filter. The transfer function can be described by:
y(n) = (1-a)y(n-1) + ax(n)
Which acts as a cheap and convenient way to perform integration. However it does not contain any decimation of it’s own why a keep 1 N block is introduced. Consider the case of a complex sampling rate 120 MSps and a 8192 channel FFT produces approximately 14.6e3 FFT/s. Setting a=1/20 and N=1/a the output of the keep 1 in N block is instead only 732 FFTs/s. Thus the implemented python long term integrator stress is greatly reduced along with processing times. For switched measurements it is however extremely important to make a good tradeoff in the selection of a due to the introduced delay. Ideally a switched measurement should use very small 1/a values. It is however great for SR=DV=1 measurements where a, with great benefits, can be very small.
The stream selector at the sink side is fundamental for the Dicke-switching implementation. The stream will be switched based on the state of RF input. This state, signal or reference, is controlled by an external switch and it will transmit this information to the GPIO front panel. How this is done in Python can be seen in Measurement.py.
Analyze.py¶
This class stacks all FFT data and performs averaging. The switched data is stacked using the function pool.map to better utilize the cores and lower the processing time:
def stack_all_data(self, files):
pool = Pool(processes=4)
spectra = pool.map(self.stack_FFT_file, files)
pool.terminate()
return spectra
Where self.stack_FFT_file is defined by:
#According to https://github.com/varenius/salsa/tree/master/USRP/usrp_gnuradio_dev
def stack_FFT_file(self, infile):
signal = np.memmap(infile, mode = 'r', dtype = np.float32)
num_spec = int(signal.size/self.fftSize) #The number of spectra contained in the file
length = num_spec*self.fftSize
signal = signal[0:length] #Convert the array to an even number of spectras
spec = signal.reshape((num_spec, self.fftSize)) #Reshape the array with FFT:s so it can be easily stacked
spec = spec.sum(axis=0) #Stack the FFT:s
spec = spec/(1.0*num_spec) #Average Spectrum
del signal
return spec
Which reads the file containing FFT data and returns one averaged FFT. Finally the mean value of the stacked FFTs is calculated:
def mean(self, spectra):
sum_spec = np.sum(spectra, axis=0, dtype = np.float32)
return sum_spec/float(len(spectra))
Finalize.py¶
This class finalizes the measurement and performs e.g. the final averaging and creates FITS-files according to OSO-standards.
Improvements and other toughts¶
Things I would like to improve, any input would be greatly appreciated.
Processing delays¶
Depending on the desired bandwidth the stacking process can take up to 3% of the total measure time, thus introducing a short processing delay between the measurements. I have greatly reduced the stacking time by the use of threads (i.e. pool.map), however I would like to run the stacking in the background so the stacking procedure can be performed during runtime. The problem is however restriced to switched measurements since it produces alot of individual files that need be stacked. This is not the case for SR=DV=1.
Alternatives to sync bus switching¶
Currently the mixer in the front-end of the system is controlled by a sync bus, which in turn sends the state signals (sig or ref) to the GPIO of the Ettus USRP. The optimal method, with GNU Radios unpredictable processing delay in mind, would be to instead having the software controlling the mixer instead of external hardware. This would allow for precise sample timing and thus I would be able to remove short delay I have introduced to make sure FFTs do not overlap.


Dynamic CDN for Low Latency WebRTC Streaming
by fpnHaving analyzed earlier the capacity of standard server configurations in Digital Ocean in terms of WebRTC streaming, we have noticed that one server can cover up to 2000 viewers. In real life, cases when one server is insufficient are not uncommon.
Assume gambling amateurs in Germany are watching real-time horse races in Australia. Given that horse races are not only a sports game but also imply big gains on condition that field bets are made at the right time, the video has to be delivered with lowest possible latency.
Another example: A global corporation, one of FCMG market leaders with subsidiaries in Europe, Russia and Southeast Asia, is organizing sales manager training webinars with live streaming from the headquarters in the Mediterranean. The viewers must be able to see and hear the presenter in real time.
These examples put forward the same requirement: deliver low latency media streams to a great number of viewers. This will require deploying a content delivery network — CDN.
It should be noted that the conventional stream delivery technology using HLS is not well-suited as it can add up to 30 second delays, which are critical for a real-time show. Imagine that the horses have already finished, the results have been published on the website, while the fans are still watching the end of the race. WebRTC technology is free from this disadvantage and can guarantee less than 1 second delays, which is possible even across continents thanks to modern communication channels.
To begin with, we will see how to deploy the simplest CDN for delivering WebRTC streams and how to scale it afterwards.
CDN principles
A server in CDN can play one of the following roles:
- Origin is the server built for publishing media streams. It shares streams to other servers as well as users.
- Transcoder is the server dedicated for transcoding streams. It pulls streams from the Origin server and passes transcoded streams to Edge. We will look at this role in the following part.
- Edge is the server designed for sharing streams to users. It pulls streams from Origin or Transcoder servers and does not pass them to other CDN servers.
Origin server allows publishing WebRTC and RTMP streams or capturing streams from other sources via RTMP, RTSP or other available methods.
Users can play streams from Edge servers via WebRTC, RTMP, RTSP, HLS.
In order to minimize latency, it is desirable to transmit streams among CDN servers using WebRTC.
Static CDN is entirely described at the configuration stage. In fact, the setup of a static CDN is similar to the setup of a load balancer: all the receivers are listed in the settings of the stream source server.
For example, we have one Origin server in Frankfurt, one Edge in New York and one in Singapore
In this case Origin will be set up more or less like this:
<loadbalancer mode="roundrobin" stream_distribution="webrtc">
<node id="1">
<ip>edge1.thestaticcdn.com</ip>
<wss>443</wss>
</node>
<node id="2">
<ip>edge2.thestaticcdn.com</ip>
<wss>443</wss>
</node>
</loadbalancer>
Here comes the first issue with the static CDN: in order to include into this kind of CDN a new Edge server or exclude a server out of a CDN, it is required to modify the settings and restart all Origin servers.
The streams published on Origin are broadcast to all Edge servers listed in the settings. The decision on which Edge server the user will connect to is also taken on Origin server. Here comes the second issue: if there are few or no viewers — for example, in Singapore it’s early evening while in New York it’s the middle of the night — the streams will be broadcast to Edge 1 anyway. The traffic is being wasted to no purpose, and it is not free of charge.
These two issues can be solved using Dynamic CDN.
Now, we want to set up the CDN without restarting all Origin servers and do not want to transmit streams to Edge servers with no users connected. In this case, there is no need to keep the whole list of CDN servers somewhere in the settings. Each server must create such a list independently. In order to do this, it must know the current status of the other servers at any specific time.
Ideally, specifying the entry point — the server which begins the CDN — in the settings should be enough. During startup each server must send a request to this entry point and get in response the list of CDN nodes and published streams. If the entry point cannot be accessed, the server must wait for messages from other servers.
The server must communicate any changes in its status to other servers in the CDN.
The simplest CDN: in the centre of Europe
Now we are going to try setting up and starting a dynamic CDN. Assume first we need to deliver media streams to viewers in Europe covering up to 5000 users. Suppose the stream source is also located in Europe
We are going to deploy three servers in a data center based in Europe. We will use Flashphoner WebCallServer (WebRTC stream video server) instances as CDN assembly components
Setup:
- Origin EU
cdn_enabled=true
cdn_ip=o-eu1.flashponer.com
cdn_nodes_resolve_ip=false
cdn_role=origin
- Edge 1 EU
cdn_enabled=true
cdn_ip=e-eu1.flashphoner.com
cdn_point_of_entry=o-eu1.flashponer.com
cdn_nodes_resolve_ip=false
cdn_role=edge
- Edge 2 EU
cdn_enabled=true
cdn_ip=e-eu2.flashphoner.com
cdn_point_of_entry=o-eu1.flashponer.com
cdn_nodes_resolve_ip=false
cdn_role=edge
Message exchange between dynamic CDN nodes is implemented via Websocket, and Secure Websocket is certainly also supported.
The streams inside CDN are broadcast via WebRTC. Usually UDP is used as transport, but if it is necessary to ensure good streaming quality with the channel between the servers being not so good, it is possible to switch to TCP. Unfortunately, in this case, the latency increases.
Restart the servers, open the Two Way Streaming example on the o-eu1
server, publish the cyclical 10 minutes to 0 countdown timer video
Open the Player example on the e-eu1
server, play the stream
and do the same thing on e-eu2
The CDN is working! As you can see on the screenshots, the timing in the video coincides to the second both on the publishing part and on the viewing part thanks to WebRTC and good channels.
And beyond we go: connecting America
Now we are going to deliver streams to viewers on the American continent keeping in mind as well the publishing
We will deploy three servers in an American data center without shutting the European part of the CDN down
Setup:
- Origin US
cdn_enabled=true
cdn_ip=o-us1.flashponer.com
cdn_point_of_entry=o-eu1.flashponer.com
cdn_nodes_resolve_ip=false
cdn_role=origin
- Edge 1 US
cdn_enabled=true
cdn_ip=e-us1.flashphoner.com
cdn_point_of_entry=o-eu1.flashponer.com
cdn_nodes_resolve_ip=false
cdn_role=edge
- Edge 2 US
cdn_enabled=true
cdn_ip=e-us2.flashphoner.com
cdn_point_of_entry=o-eu1.flashponer.com
cdn_nodes_resolve_ip=false
cdn_role=edge
Restart the American servers, check the publishing
and the playback
Note that the European segment keeps working. We are going to check if the American users will be able to see the stream published from Europe. Publishing the test_eu
stream on the o-eu1
server
and playing it on e-us1
And this is also working! As for the latency, the screenshots demonstrate again the synchrony of the timer in the video on the publishing part and on the viewing part to the second.
Note that playing on an Origin server the streams published on another Origin server is not possible by default, but if necessarily needed, this can be set up accordingly.
cdn_origin_to_origin_route_propagation=true
To be continued
In summary, we have deployed a simple CDN and then have successfully scaled it to two continents publishing and playing low latency WebRTC streams. For this purpose, we did not modify the stream parameters at playback, which is quite often needed in real life: all the viewers have different channels, and in order to maintain the streaming quality it is needed, for example, to reduce the resolution or the bitrate. We will deal with this in the following part...
Related links
Flashphoner WebCallServer image in DigitalOcean Marketplace — image of Web Call Server in DigitalOcean.
CDN for low latency WebRTC streaming — Web Call Server-based content delivery network.


class ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter
Active Record supports multiple database systems. AbstractAdapter and related classes form the abstraction layer which makes this possible. An AbstractAdapter represents a connection to a database, and provides an abstract interface for database-specific functionality such as establishing a connection, escaping values, building the right SQL fragments for ':offset' and ':limit' options, etc.
All the concrete database adapters follow the interface laid down in this class. ActiveRecord::Base.connection returns an AbstractAdapter object, which you can use.
Most of the methods in the adapter are useful during migrations. Most notably, the instance methods provided by SchemaStatement are very useful.
Constants
- ADAPTER_NAME
- SIMPLE_INT
Attributes
Public Class Methods
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 91 def self.type_cast_config_to_boolean(config) if config == "false" false else config end end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 83 def self.type_cast_config_to_integer(config) if config =~ SIMPLE_INT config.to_i else config end end
Public Instance Methods
Checks whether the connection to the database is still active. This includes checking whether the database is actually capable of responding, i.e. whether the connection isn't stale.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 284 def active? end
Returns the human-readable name of the adapter. Use mixed case - one can always use downcase if needed.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 168 def adapter_name self.class::ADAPTER_NAME end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 357 def case_insensitive_comparison(table, attribute, column, value) table[attribute].lower.eq(table.lower(value)) end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 351 def case_sensitive_comparison(table, attribute, column, value) table_attr = table[attribute] value = case_sensitive_modifier(value, table_attr) unless value.nil? table_attr.eq(value) end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 347 def case_sensitive_modifier(node, table_attribute) node end
Clear any caching the database adapter may be doing, for example clearing the prepared statement cache. This is database specific.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 315 def clear_cache! # this should be overridden by concrete adapters end
Check the connection back in to the connection pool
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 366 def close pool.checkin self end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 126 def collector if prepared_statements SQLString.new else BindCollector.new end end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 341 def create_savepoint(name = nil) end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 361 def current_savepoint_name current_transaction.savepoint_name end
This is meant to be implemented by the adapters that support extensions
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 247 def disable_extension(name) end
Override to turn off referential integrity while executing
&block
.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 275 def disable_referential_integrity yield end
Disconnects from the database if already connected. Otherwise, this method does nothing.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 297 def disconnect! clear_cache! reset_transaction end
This is meant to be implemented by the adapters that support extensions
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 251 def enable_extension(name) end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 155 def expire @owner = nil end
A list of extensions, to be filled in by adapters that support them.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 255 def extensions [] end
A list of index algorithms, to be filled by adapters that support them.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 260 def index_algorithms {} end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 142 def lease synchronize do unless in_use? @owner = Thread.current end end end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 376 def new_column(name, default, cast_type, sql_type = nil, null = true) Column.new(name, default, cast_type, sql_type, null) end
Should primary key values be selected from their corresponding sequence before the insert statement? If true, next_sequence_value is called before each insert to set the record's primary key.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 201 def prefetch_primary_key?(table_name = nil) false end
Provides access to the underlying database driver for this adapter. For example, this method returns a Mysql object in case of MysqlAdapter, and a PGconn object in case of PostgreSQLAdapter.
This is useful for when you need to call a proprietary method such as PostgreSQL's lo_* methods.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 337 def raw_connection @connection end
Disconnects from the database if already connected, and establishes a new connection with the database. Implementors should call super if they override the default implementation.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 290 def reconnect! clear_cache! reset_transaction end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 344 def release_savepoint(name = nil) end
Returns true if its required to reload the connection between requests for development mode.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 320 def requires_reloading? false end
Reset the state of this connection, directing the DBMS to clear transactions and other connection-related server-side state. Usually a database-dependent operation.
The default implementation does nothing; the implementation should be overridden by concrete adapters.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 308 def reset! # this should be overridden by concrete adapters end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 150 def schema_cache=(cache) cache.connection = self @schema_cache = cache end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 138 def schema_creation SchemaCreation.new self end
Returns a bind substitution value given a bind column
NOTE:
The column param is currently being used by the sqlserver-adapter
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 268 def substitute_at(column, _unused = 0) Arel::Nodes::BindParam.new end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 189 def supports_bulk_alter? false end
Does this adapter support DDL rollbacks in transactions? That is, would CREATE TABLE or ALTER TABLE get rolled back by a transaction?
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 185 def supports_ddl_transactions? false end
Does this adapter support explain?
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 216 def supports_explain? false end
Does this adapter support database extensions?
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 226 def supports_extensions? false end
Does this adapter support creating foreign key constraints?
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 237 def supports_foreign_keys? false end
Does this adapter support index sort order?
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 206 def supports_index_sort_order? false end
Does this adapter support creating indexes in the same statement as creating the table?
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 232 def supports_indexes_in_create? false end
Does this adapter support migrations?
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 173 def supports_migrations? false end
Does this adapter support partial indices?
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 211 def supports_partial_index? false end
Can this adapter determine the primary key for tables not attached to an Active Record class, such as join tables?
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 179 def supports_primary_key? false end
Does this adapter support savepoints?
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 194 def supports_savepoints? false end
Does this adapter support setting the isolation level for a transaction?
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 221 def supports_transaction_isolation? false end
Does this adapter support views?
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 242 def supports_views? false end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 159 def unprepared_statement old_prepared_statements, @prepared_statements = @prepared_statements, false yield ensure @prepared_statements = old_prepared_statements end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 134 def valid_type?(type) true end
Checks whether the connection to the database is still active (i.e. not
stale). This is done under the hood by calling active?
. If the
connection is no longer active, then this method will reconnect to the
database.
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 327 def verify!(*ignored) reconnect! unless active? end
Protected Instance Methods
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 465 def log(sql, name = "SQL", binds = [], statement_name = nil) @instrumenter.instrument( "sql.active_record", :sql => sql, :name => name, :connection_id => object_id, :statement_name => statement_name, :binds => binds) { yield } rescue => e raise translate_exception_class(e, sql) end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 477 def translate_exception(exception, message) # override in derived class ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid.new(message, exception) end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 453 def translate_exception_class(e, sql) begin message = "#{e.class.name}: #{e.message}: #{sql}" rescue Encoding::CompatibilityError message = "#{e.class.name}: #{e.message.force_encoding sql.encoding}: #{sql}" end exception = translate_exception(e, message) exception.set_backtrace e.backtrace exception end
# File lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb, line 482 def without_prepared_statement?(binds) !prepared_statements || binds.empty? end


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