4.1. Partial dependence plots¶
Partial dependence plots (PDP) show the dependence between the target response 1 and a set of ‘target’ features, marginalizing over the values of all other features (the ‘complement’ features). Intuitively, we can interpret the partial dependence as the expected target response as a function of the ‘target’ features.
Due to the limits of human perception the size of the target feature set must be small (usually, one or two) thus the target features are usually chosen among the most important features.
The figure below shows four one-way and one two-way partial dependence plots
for the California housing dataset, with a GradientBoostingRegressor
:
One-way PDPs tell us about the interaction between the target response and the target feature (e.g. linear, non-linear). The upper left plot in the above figure shows the effect of the median income in a district on the median house price; we can clearly see a linear relationship among them. Note that PDPs assume that the target features are independent from the complement features, and this assumption is often violated in practice.
PDPs with two target features show the interactions among the two features. For example, the two-variable PDP in the above figure shows the dependence of median house price on joint values of house age and average occupants per household. We can clearly see an interaction between the two features: for an average occupancy greater than two, the house price is nearly independent of the house age, whereas for values less than 2 there is a strong dependence on age.
The sklearn.inspection
module provides a convenience function
plot_partial_dependence
to create one-way and two-way partial
dependence plots. In the below example we show how to create a grid of
partial dependence plots: two one-way PDPs for the features 0
and 1
and a two-way PDP between the two features:
>>> from sklearn.datasets import make_hastie_10_2
>>> from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier
>>> from sklearn.inspection import plot_partial_dependence
>>> X, y = make_hastie_10_2(random_state=0)
>>> clf = GradientBoostingClassifier(n_estimators=100, learning_rate=1.0,
... max_depth=1, random_state=0).fit(X, y)
>>> features = [0, 1, (0, 1)]
>>> plot_partial_dependence(clf, X, features)
You can access the newly created figure and Axes objects using plt.gcf()
and plt.gca()
.
For multi-class classification, you need to set the class label for which
the PDPs should be created via the target
argument:
>>> from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
>>> iris = load_iris()
>>> mc_clf = GradientBoostingClassifier(n_estimators=10,
... max_depth=1).fit(iris.data, iris.target)
>>> features = [3, 2, (3, 2)]
>>> plot_partial_dependence(mc_clf, X, features, target=0)
The same parameter target
is used to specify the target in multi-output
regression settings.
If you need the raw values of the partial dependence function rather than
the plots, you can use the
sklearn.inspection.partial_dependence
function:
>>> from sklearn.inspection import partial_dependence
>>> pdp, axes = partial_dependence(clf, X, [0])
>>> pdp
array([[ 2.466..., 2.466..., ...
>>> axes
[array([-1.624..., -1.592..., ...
The values at which the partial dependence should be evaluated are directly
generated from X
. For 2-way partial dependence, a 2D-grid of values is
generated. The values
field returned by
sklearn.inspection.partial_dependence
gives the actual values
used in the grid for each target feature. They also correspond to the axis
of the plots.
4.1.1. Mathematical Definition¶
Let \(X_S\) be the set of target features (i.e. the features
parameter)
and let \(X_C\) be its complement.
The partial dependence of the response \(f\) at a point \(x_S\) is defined as:
where \(f(x_S, x_C)\) is the response function (predict, predict_proba or decision_function) for a given sample whose values are defined by \(x_S\) for the features in \(X_S\), and by \(x_C\) for the features in \(X_C\). Note that \(x_S\) and \(x_C\) may be tuples.
Computing this integral for various values of \(x_S\) produces a plot as above.
4.1.2. Computation methods¶
There are two main methods to approximate the integral above, namely the
‘brute’ and ‘recursion’ methods. The method
parameter controls which method
to use.
The ‘brute’ method is a generic method that works with any estimator. It
approximates the above integral by computing an average over the data X
:
where \(x_C^{(i)}\) is the value of the i-th sample for the features in
\(X_C\). For each value of \(x_S\), this method requires a full pass
over the dataset X
which is computationally intensive.
The ‘recursion’ method is faster than the ‘brute’ method, but it is only supported by some tree-based estimators. It is computed as follows. For a given point \(x_S\), a weighted tree traversal is performed: if a split node involves a ‘target’ feature, the corresponding left or right branch is followed; otherwise both branches are followed, each branch being weighted by the fraction of training samples that entered that branch. Finally, the partial dependence is given by a weighted average of all the visited leaves values.
With the ‘brute’ method, the parameter X
is used both for generating the
grid of values \(x_S\) and the complement feature values \(x_C\).
However with the ‘recursion’ method, X
is only used for the grid values:
implicitly, the \(x_C\) values are those of the training data.
By default, the ‘recursion’ method is used on tree-based estimators that support it, and ‘brute’ is used for the rest.
Note
While both methods should be close in general, they might differ in some specific settings. The ‘brute’ method assumes the existence of the data points \((x_S, x_C^{(i)})\). When the features are correlated, such artificial samples may have a very low probability mass. The ‘brute’ and ‘recursion’ methods will likely disagree regarding the value of the partial dependence, because they will treat these unlikely samples differently. Remember, however, that the primary assumption for interpreting PDPs is that the features should be independent.
Footnotes
- 1
For classification, the target response may be the probability of a class (the positive class for binary classification), or the decision function.
Examples:
References
T. Hastie, R. Tibshirani and J. Friedman, The Elements of Statistical Learning, Second Edition, Section 10.13.2, Springer, 2009.
C. Molnar, Interpretable Machine Learning, Section 5.1, 2019.


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ModalGallery component is the main component of this library. It contains the collection of Images
and many other config objects.
It displays images as thumbnails (thanks to PlainGalleryComponent
).
Clicking on one of them, the image will be shown in full screen in a modal way using
many other inner components: BackgroundComponent, UpperButtonsComponent
,
CurrentImageComponent, LoadingSpinnerComponent, DotsComponent and PreviewsComponent
.
All these components together provide navigation between images with both mouse and keyboard, it can enable/disable download features and other advanced behaviours.
| Template (HTML) selector | ks-modal-gallery |
| Exported as | ksModalGallery |
id |
Type:
number
A mandatory unique id >= 0 of the current modal gallery, used by
GalleryService .
|
modalImages |
Type:
Image[]
The mandatory array of
Image objects, that represent both the thumb gallery and the
modal images. In fact, an Image is an object with both thumb and
image source paths with other additional configuration parameters. For more info check Image .
Please don't use this.images.push(img) , when you want to modify this array, instead re-assign it to trigger change detection.
For instance: this.images = [...this.images, newImage] to create a new array from the original with a new image at the end.
Attention: if you need to add the same image (same url) multiple times in the same modal gallery, you must append to the url a random but unique query param to prevent caching issues.
For more info, please read this issue.
|
buttonsConfig
|
Type:
ButtonsConfig optional
Interface to choose which buttons to show and handle their behaviour. ModalGalleryComponent passes this object straight to UpperButtonsComponent, so if you want to know how to use it, please check UpperButtonsComponent. |
enableCloseOutside
|
Type:
boolean optional
If true, you can click on the semi-transparent background of modal images to close it. |
dotsConfig
|
Type:
DotsConfig optional
Interface to configure dots. For more information, please see the |
currentImageConfig
|
Type:
CurrentImageConfig optional
Interface to configure current image in modal-gallery. For instance you can either disable navigation when you click on the current image (enabled by default), or change descriptions, loading spinners or enable download features. For more information, please see the CurrentImageConfig's section |
previewConfig
|
Type:
PreviewConfig optional
Interface to configure previews, for instance to choose either the number, visibility, arrows, sizes. ModalGalleryComponent pass this object straight to PreviewsComponent, so if you want to know how to use it, please check PreviewsComponent. |
slideConfig
|
Type:
SlideConfig optional
Interface to enable infinite-sliding (you won't be able to navigate before both the first and after the last images) and to configure both side-previews and autoPlay.
By default, infinite sliding is disabled, side-previews are visible with |
accessibilityConfig
|
Type:
AccessibilityConfig optional
Interface to customize accessibility features, like alt, titles, aria-labels and so on. ModalGalleryComponent applies a default value with english texts.
This default config object is exported as |
keyboardConfig
|
Type:
KeyboardConfig optional
Interface to configure keyboard's buttons. All properties are optional and with default values. Check |
plainGalleryConfig
|
Type:
PlainGalleryConfig optional
Interface to configure thumbnails, for instance to change the layout. Furthermore, it's useful to write full custom layouts (for more info see official demos). ModalGalleryComponent pass this object to PlainGalleryComponent, so if you want to know how to use it, please check PlainGalleryComponent. |
close |
An It contains an
|
show |
An It contains an Everytime the current image changes, a new
|
firstImage |
An It contains an
|
lastImage |
An It contains an
|
hasData |
An It contains an This event is useful to know when angular-modal-gallery is ready.
|
buttonBeforeHook |
A It contains an This event is a 'before hook', because you can execute your code before every action triggered by buttons. Also, since you have the full
|
buttonAfterHook |
A It contains an This event is an 'after hook', because you can execute your code after every action triggered by buttons. Also, since you have the full
|
Interface that represent the modal image.
img |
Type:
string | SafeResourceUrl
Mandatory source path of the modal image. To support base64 images, check the official example. If you need multiple non-base64 images with the same image path, to prevent caching issues you have to append something like '?index', for instance '?0', '?1'. For more information, please check the official example called 'Same images'. |
description |
Type:
string optional
Optional description text.
Attention: this is not the full description, but only the last part, after image numbers.
For instance: `Image 2/12 - |
extUrl |
Type:
string optional
Optional external URL path. You must use a valid URL, because |
title |
Type:
string optional
Optional title text. It sets 'title' html's attribute, useful for accessibility purposes. To ignore this feature, don't add this property. |
alt |
Type:
string optional
Optional alt text. It sets 'alt' html's attribute, useful for accessibility purposes. To ignore this feature, don't add this property. |
arialLabel |
Type:
string optional
Optional aria label text. It sets 'aria-label' html's attribute, useful for accessibility purposes. To ignore this feature, don't add this property. |
invertSwipe |
Type:
boolean optional
Optional boolean property to invert the default swipe direction on devices with touchscreen. |
The payload of events related to action, emitted by this library.
action |
Type:
Action
It's the enum |
result |
Type:
number | boolean
The result/data of the emitted event. For example, it could be the index of the current image or a boolean to say if images are ready to display and so on. |
Interface to customize current image in modal gallery.
downloadable |
Type:
boolean optional
If true, you'll be able to download the current modal image always with keyboard shortcut (ctrl+s
or cmd+s),
but the download button will be visible only when Please be careful: on SmartPhones and Tablets you can't use keyboard shortcuts, so to download images, please enable |
loadingConfig
|
Type:
LoadingConfig optional
Interface to hide/show and to configure the modal loading spinner. |
description |
Type:
Description interfaceoptional
Interface to specify a custom description either a full string or an object with string properties.
The first one is the entire string (for instance 'Description of Image 1/2 - My family - bla bla'),
the second one is an object with these properties
To customize part of the description, you can refer to this example: ` Attention please! There aren't spaces between values. So if you want a 'text - text' you have to specify exactly ' - ', with the two spaces Also, from version 5.4.0, you can use this interface to change description's style. |
navigateOnClick |
Type:
boolean optional
If false, click events on the current image will be ignored, otherwise will navigate to the next image. |
navigateOnClick |
Type:
boolean optional
If false, click events on the current image will be ignored, otherwise will navigate to the next image. |
Interface to customize keyboard's buttons.
esc |
Type:
number optional
Javascript keycode to use instead of the default esc |
right |
Type:
number optional
Javascript keycode to use instead of the default → |
left |
Type:
number optional
Javascript keycode to use instead of the default ← |
Interface to customize loading spinner.
enable |
Type:
boolean
If true, spinner is visible, otherwise not. |
type |
Type:
LoadingType
Enum to choose a loading spinner (already bundled in angular-modal-gallery in pure css). |
Interface to customize sliding features of modal gallery (both current image and side-previews).
infinite |
Type:
boolean optional
If |
sidePreviews |
Type:
SidePreviewsConfig optional
With this property, you can hide/show side-previews or change sizes. |
playConfig |
Type:
PlayConfig optional
With this property, you can enable autoPlay, change default interval and enable pauseOnHover. |
Service to interact with modal gallery without clicking on plain-gallery. For instance, you can open modal gallery from your Component's code instead of clicking on a thumb in plain gallery.
openGallery ( galleryId, index ) |
Input types:
galleryId: number | undefined and index: number
Method to open an image (index) of modal gallery (id). You have to provide both an index >= 0 and a galleryId >= 0. Also, remember that ids must be unique across your web page, so every instance of modal gallery must have a different id. |
closeGallery ( galleryId ) |
Input types:
galleryId: number | undefined
Method to close the modal gallery with id equals to the input parameter galleryId. You have to provide a galleryId >= 0. Also, remember that ids must be unique across your web page, so every instance of modal gallery must have a different id. |
update ( galleryId, index, newImage ) |
Input types:
galleryId: number | undefined , index: number and newImage: Image
Method to update the images array at position |
Enum that represents the type of the loading spinner. It can be one of these enum values:
STANDARD
: the default spinnerCIRCULAR
: a circular spinnerBARS
: spinner built with some animated vertical barsDOTS
: spinner composed by animated dotsCUBE_FLIPPING
: flipping cube spinnerCIRCLES
: spinner composed by multiple circlesEXPLOSING_SQUARES
: spinner composed by 4 squares moving outsideEnum that represents keyboard's keycodes. It can be one of these enum values:
ESC
: 27LEFT_ARROW
: 37RIGHT_ARROW
: 39UP_ARROW
: 38DOWN_ARROW
: 40


Services
Patients with a wide spectrum of neurological diseases are evaluated and treated including the following
but not limited to:
- Various headaches including migraines, tension, cluster, various cranial neuralgias
- Chronic migraine patients get botulinum toxin injection treatment every 3 months
- Occipital neuralgia patients get occipital nerve blocks on as needed basis
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- Epilepsy: focal and generalized
- Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
- Dementias: Alzheimer's, Frontotemporal, Lewy Body,Vascular, CJD, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, Normal
pressure hydrocephalus, Mixed, Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease
- Disorders of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid): idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri),
normal pressure hydrocephalus, intracranial hypotension (low pressure headache)
- Degenerative motor neuron disorders: ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), PLS (Primary Lateral
Sclerosis), Progressive bulbar palsy, Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia


Attacker stabs 3 tourists at popular Jordanian tourist site
by The Associated PressAMMAN, Jordan -- A lone attacker on Wednesday stabbed three foreign tourists and their tour guide at a popular archeological site in northern Jordan, the official Petra news agency reported.
The agency said the attacker also wounded a policeman before he was subdued and arrested. The wounded were taken to a hospital.

In one video, a woman can be heard screaming in Spanish. "It's a dagger, it's a dagger, there is a knife. Please, help him now!"
 Another man sits nearby with an apparent leg wound.
There were no further details, but the al-Ghad newspaper said the tourists were Mexican and suffered serious wounds.


--- layout: post title: A list of location-based games. date: 2004-12-31 00:00:00 categories: mobile play ---
A list of location-based games. Very few of them for mobile phones, I note...


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Derek Eder
@derekeder
RT @Chicago_Reader: Chicago’s Department of Housing takes a major step toward transparency. https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/affordable-requirements-ordinance-data-portal/Content?oid=75429836
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We reserve the right to modify this Policy or its terms relating to the Website and Services from time to time in our discretion and will notify you of any material changes to the way in which we treat Personal Information. When we do, we will revise the updated date at the bottom of this page. We may also provide notice to you in other ways in our discretion, such as through contact information you have provided. Any updated version of this Policy will be effective immediately upon the posting of the revised Policy unless otherwise specified. Your continued use of the Website and Services after the effective date of the revised Policy (or such other act specified at that time) will constitute your consent to those changes. However, we will not, without your consent, use your Personal Information in a manner materially different than what was stated at the time your Personal Information was collected. Policy was created with WebsitePolicies.
You acknowledge that you have read this Policy and agree to all its terms and conditions. By accessing and using the Website and Services you agree to be bound by this Policy. If you do not agree to abide by the terms of this Policy, you are not authorized to access or use the Website and Services.
If you would like to contact us to understand more about this Policy or wish to contact us concerning any matter relating to individual rights and your Personal Information, you may send an email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>This document was last updated on December 25, 2020


Unzip written in pure JavaScript. Extracts a zip into a directory. Available as a library or a command line program.
Uses the yauzl
ZIP parser.
Get the library:
npm install extract-zip --save
Install the command line program:
npm install extract-zip -g
var extract = require('extract-zip')
extract(source, {dir: target}, function (err) {
// extraction is complete. make sure to handle the err
})
dir
- defaults to process.cwd()
defaultDirMode
- integer - Directory Mode (permissions) will default to 493
(octal 0755
in integer)defaultFileMode
- integer - File Mode (permissions) will default to 420
(octal 0644
in integer)onEntry
- function - if present, will be called with every entry from the zip file. forwarded from the entry
event from yauzl.Default modes are only used if no permissions are set in the zip file.
extract-zip foo.zip <targetDirectory>
If not specified, targetDirectory
will default to process.cwd()
.


I am an experienced professional with a passion for coding. I enjoy automating tasks and creating beautiful digital products.
As a web developer and communication specialist, I built HTML websites using wordpress hosting for clients like Jacksonville Party Company and Buzz Media. I also wrote custom Javascripts to conduct email marketing campaigns which resulted in new clients for the ad firm.
While selling Aflac health insurance and disability insurance, I worked with business owners to offer health benefits to employees. I happy to say I helped many business owners offer health benefits to their employees for the first time. I presented products to employers and employees and enrolled clients into suitable coverage plans.
I designed customized life insurance and finacial products to meet the needs of my clients. I used specialized illustration software and frequently communicated with the software team to improve and debug the code. I organized and updated client management software in a timely manner.
Apart from being a web developer, I enjoy spending my time outdoors. When the weather is nice, I love trail running and taking trips to the crag to go rock climbing. In the winter, I enjoy taking trips to the mountains to snowboard. I also love hiking and surfing.


What Is National Debt?
In common parlance, when we discuss the national debt of modern nations, we are typically referring to the total amount of money still outstanding that the government has borrowed from any and all sources. The debt may have been taken on to pay for government workers, social programs, infrastructure, research and development, or any expense that could not be paid by the Treasury Department as it came due. A significant portion of the current $16.74 trillion U.S. national debt (as of June 2013) has been taken on to make up for shortfalls caused by tax cuts for the wealthy, or to pay for the war on terrorism and bailouts for banks and corporations. The debt is issued with the promise that by enabling ongoing accumulation and economic expansion, these debts will be paid with taxes collected in the future.
In technical terms, a distinction is often made between national and sovereign debt. Here, the term “national debt” specifically refers to money that is borrowed from sources within the country. Sovereign debt is borrowed from foreign sources like the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or nation-states like China. For our purposes, we will use the term “national debt” when discussing the total U.S. foreign and domestic debt, and will use “sovereign debt” when discussing the debts of other nations.
Government debt is important for us to understand because it profoundly affects the personal, “household” debt that most of the previous chapters have focused on. Government debt is often used as the justification for cutting government spending on subsidies for housing, health care, transportation, nutrition, and education, increasingly shifting the burden onto the shoulders of individuals and families, who often go into debt themselves as a result. The relationship between individual debt and government debt is not only fiscal, it is psychological as well. Citizens of an indebted state are held up as collective objects of shame in the same way that individual debtors are. A clear example of this parallel can be seen in the debt crisis in Greece, where Greek citizens are collectively depicted as being “lazy,” “spendthrifts,” and “out of control.” Similar accusations have been made against people in the global South whose governments have been at a debt impasse since the debt crises of the 1990s. In battles over deficit spending in the United States, whole sectors of populations including the poor, the elderly, immigrants, and the imprisoned are similarly dismissed as parasites.
Scarcity and Control
When the international financial system collapsed in 2008, many governments were forced to take on significant amounts of new debt. This was due in large part to severe drops in tax revenues and billions of dollars spent to bail out whole sectors of their economies. Meanwhile, interest rates for borrowing soared for those countries in the most distress. Here in the United States, from December 2007 to January 2009, 3.6 million jobs were lost. The decline in employment resulted in the loss of tax revenue and an increase in government spending through social programs like unemployment compensation. This, in addition to the trillions of dollars spent bailing out banks and corporations, led to a dramatic increase in the national debt. To make matters worse, the national debt was already at record highs after thirty years of tax cuts for the rich and corporations as well as wars for oil in the Middle East. Conservative politicians used the debt they were largely responsible for creating to push even harder for cuts to social programs and the privatization of schools and other public assets. These cuts by the federal government trickled down to the states, counties, cities, towns, and other local municipalities.
Economic readjustments of these kinds are happening around the world. In the European Union (EU), Greece, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, and Italy have been forced by the EU to undergo IMF-like austerity programs that cut government jobs, social services, and privatized government-owned properties and services. These policies have a history.
Controlling value
After World War II a new constellation of global power emerged in which the United States became increasingly dominant. Though the transfer of power had already happened in military and industry, the new financial and monetary framework was negotiated at the Bretton Woods summit of 1944, shortly after which the dollar became the new international reserve currency. Importantly, the summit also produced two powerful new international lending institutions, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. Both were created with the intention of expanding global trade, working in concert to provide loans to countries in need under the guise of alleviating poverty.
In the 1970s and 1980s, large influxes of capital from oil producing nations began flowing into New York investment banks, creating an urgent need for new profitable investment opportunities at a time of global economic stagnation. The solution was to loan the money at high interest rates to credit-starved governments of the global South. When defaults began to occur, rather than allowing lenders to take a loss, the IMF and World Bank were called on to provide “relief” to distressed debtor nations. They offered to restructure countries’ debts but only at a price: governments desperate for relief were forced to implement draconian structural adjustment programs. Large-scale privatization and cuts to social programs and infrastructure projects further impoverished these nations and immiserated their citizens while conveniently opening up sectors of their economies to further exploitative investment (Harvey, 2005). The new loans were themselves often structured in ways that ultimately perpetuated, extended, and increased debt, causing still deeper impoverishment.
These policies and practices reinforced and exacerbated the longstanding patterns of domination and exploitation that were established during the era of colonialism, in effect recolonizing countries that had won sovereignty through anti-colonial struggles. Valiant struggles calling for the abolition of debt in the global South took off in the 1990s and continue today.
The makings of a meltdown
The 2008 international financial crisis was a meltdown of epic
proportions. But this was not simply the result of particular
abstract economic instruments going awry. A long history of
deregulation of the financial industry
and Wall Street’s subsequent manipulation of derivatives and other
financial instruments set the stage for the most recent economic
crisis. Important regulations put in place after the Great
Depression were significantly repealed under Reagan, but the
deathblow to the U.S. regulatory structure
was delivered under Clinton with the repeal of the Glass-Steagall
Act. This law separated traditional banking functions from the risky
speculation of stock brokerage houses like Goldman Sachs. Treasury
secretary Robert Rubin advised the president to repeal the law, then
resigned, and was subsequently paid over $10 million a year by
Citigroup, the parent company of Citibank. Alan Greenspan, then
chairman of the Federal Reserve and fervent champion of unregulated
free markets, also strongly supported the repeal of Glass-Steagall,
insisting the banks would regulate themselves because it was
in their own best interest.
To fully understand the relationship of national debt to our current economic crisis, we must understand the relationship of the Federal Reserve to the government and the financial industry. In addition to regulating the banking industry, all U.S. paper money is issued by the Federal Reserve. (The words “Federal Reserve Note” are printed on each bill.) When the Federal Reserve creates money, it does so by selling treasury bills to banks and private investors. This means that whenever the Fed creates money, it increases the national debt. One might think that an institution with so much direct influence in creating debt that accrues in our name would necessarily be a fully public institution beholden to thorough democratic oversight. In actuality, the Federal Reserve is better described as a half-public, half-private institution. Although the U.S. president appoints the Fed’s chairperson, private bankers are involved in and profit from the operations of the Fed. Private bankers even serve on the Fed’s Board of Directors. And, of course, there is the ever-present “revolving door” which allows government officials to rotate with ease between jobs in the private sector and in government service. These practices, which allowed the banking and financial industries to engage in the reckless and fraudulent speculation that led to the 2008 crash, continue to this day.
Conclusion
In an article titled “Recovery in U.S. Is Lifting Profits, but Not Adding Jobs,” the New York Times described our current situation as the “golden age of corporate profits.” This obscene scenario, where “the economy” is taking off but the majority of us are left waving from the runway, is a direct result of over thirty years of neoliberal policy at work. On July 23, 2012, Forbes reported, “around the world the extremely wealthy have accumulated at least $21 trillion in secretive offshore accounts. That’s a sum equal to the gross domestic products of the United States and Japan added together. The number may sound unbelievable, but the study was conducted by James Henry, former chief economist at the consultancy McKinsey, an expert on tax havens and offshoring.” Why is austerity imposed on nations around the world when profits are skyrocketing and untaxed trillions are being hidden in plain sight? Corporations and the elite have abundance while the rest of us are told to make do with less.
Whatever words we use to name our current economic system, it always ends up with economic crisis and austerity. Before the 1929 Stock Market Crash and Great Depression there were similar crashes throughout the nineteenth century. These cycles have repeated throughout history. Indeed, the crash has made visible the otherwise often-obscured nature of capitalism and its political architecture; it is an extremely unequal social system that metes out rewards and punishments through the continuous and violent imposition of discipline and control.
No one knows precisely what a postcapitalist world would look like
but we do understand the necessity of working toward a more
equitable society and a healthier relationship with the environment.
To achieve these goals, the solution must be international. Strike
Debt is part of an international debt resisters’ movement that
demands a global jubilee. Thousands of protesters in Iceland put
pressure on the government to refuse to pay its fraudulently imposed
national debt. Today, after five years, Iceland has emerged
from austerity to economic stability
after renegotiating with their foreign creditors. Before them, the
people of Argentina were responsible for similar measures in their
country, and the resistance continues to be widespread. The Pakistan
Debt Cancellation Campaign (PDCC) and other groups staged a number
of actions including a three-day hunger strike camp outside the
World Bank Islamabad Office in 2010, resulting in the Senate passing
a resolution seeking debt relief. PDCC has demanded that the
government tax the rich and cut military spending as an alternative
to accruing further sovereign debt. In El Salvador, people have been
calling for an audit of their nation’s debt while fighting against
the “Public-Private Partnership Law” (P3), the auctioning off of
services like education and health care to foreign multinational
corporations. And, as the Campaign for Social and Economic Justice
(CSEJ) in Jamaica has proclaimed in a leaflet about the debt of
their country, “Much of the debt is
odious and illegitimate
as any debt audit would reveal. We need a moratorium on both local
and foreign debt servicing—it is the only way forward.”
There have been proposals in the United States, Europe, and countries in the global South to create alternative banking systems based on a local, horizontal, and democratic structures. In the United States, the Public Banking Institute is working to create independent state banks to serve local communities similar to North Dakota’s State Bank (see Chapter Twelve). Other plans are more inventive and visionary and would challenge the banking system by removing private bankers from national banks.
The struggle against national debts and financial capitalism has been one of the most tenacious in the last few decades. It has often been identified with “The Battle in Seattle” and the other street battles against the IMF, the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization throughout the so-called developed world—in Ottawa, Geneva, Genoa, and other cities. But in fact, that struggle has been expressed in countless demonstrations, general strikes, urban insurrections, and rural guerrilla wars throughout the global South. For example, the Zapatistas rose up in the southernmost province of Mexico, Chiapas, in 1994 to vehemently reject the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)—a deal that committed their country to further undemocratically implemented, far-reaching structural adjustments, including deep cuts in social spending and mass-privatization of the communal land of over a million indigenous people.
The struggle against debt is not limited to efforts to liberate individuals; the debt bondage of whole societies is also at stake. Much has been gained in these struggles and there is much to learn from their histories. Indeed, many South American nations have been able to escape the control of the IMF and World Bank, but many have died and others are left in poverty due to debt-justified cutbacks and privatizations. The calls for the abolition of personal and government debts are entwined and while the stakes are high, we also find many allies, past and present, who have joined the fight.
Resources
Websites
Articles and Books
- Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American Revolution (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013).
- Nicholas Bakalar, “Rise in TB Is Linked to Loans from IMF,” New York Times, July 22, 2008.
- William K. Black, The Best Way to Rob a Bank Is to Own One: How Corporate Executives and Politicians Looted the S&L Industry (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005).
- Eduardo Galeano, Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent (New York: Monthly Review, 1997).
- Michael Hudson, “Why Iceland and Latvia Won’t (and Can’t) Pay for the Kleptocrats’ Ripoffs,” Counterpunch, August 18, 2009.
- Naomi Klein, The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism (New York: Picador, 2011).
- David Levitz, “Icelanders Refuse Bank Debt Payoff to Britain and Netherlands,” Deutsche Welle, April 10, 2011.
- Steven McCabe, “The Spectacular Rise, Fall and Recovery of Iceland’s Economy—Are There Lessons for Us?” Birmingham Post, September 19, 2012.
- Geoff Mann, Disassembly Required: A Field Guide to Actually Existing Capitalism (Oakland: AK Press, 2013).
- “The Third World Debt Crisis,” New Internationalist, March 7, 2000.
References
- Allen, Frederick E. “Super Rich Hide $21 Trillion Offshore, Study Says.” Forbes, July 23, 2012.
- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The Federal Reserve System: Purposes and Functions. Washington, DC: GPO, 2005.
- Bowers, Simon. “Iceland Rises from the Ashes of Banking Collapse.” The Guardian, October 6, 2013.
- Carney, John. “The Warning: Brooksley Born’s Battle with Alan Greenspan, Robert Rubin and Larry Summers.” Business Insider, October 21, 2009.
- Clark, Andrew, and Jill Treanor. “Greenspan—I Was Wrong about the Economy. Sort Of.” The Guardian, October 23, 2008.
- Dear, Jeremy, Paula Dear, and Tim Jones. “Life and Debt: Global Studies of Debt and Resistance.” Jubilee Debt Campaign, October 2013.
- Harvey, David. A Brief History of Neoliberalism. New York: Oxford, 2005.
- Schwartz, Nelson D. “Recovery in U.S. Is Lifting Profits, But Not Adding Jobs.” New York Times, March 3, 2013.
- “The Third World Debt Crisis.” New Internationalist, March 7, 2000.
- Treasury Direct. “The Daily History of the Debt.” June 6, 2013.
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. “The Employment Situation—January 2009.” February 6, 2009.


Here at Kaleidoscope, we pride ourselves in providing leading edge services in the E-Learning space, both as a consulting company, a service provider and as a preferred partner with organizations, academies and individuals. We recognise the ever-growing need for consulting and learning in the corporate and academic community – the need for practical skills improvement, workplace-applicable knowledge, professional development, workplace competence and career progression opportunities.
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In addition to learning, we address the change management element of a new intervention and create comprehensive learning strategies to support engagement and the adoption of learning.
Learning Management Systems (LMS) are the central repository for learning activities and courses. Our standard LMS features include the ability to access eLearning courses and track user access and results, along with the ability to export individual and group learning completions.
We have partnered with leading technology providers, and several other forward-thinking institutions to build a suite of learning tools that are required for the learning environments of the future.
Our LMS, E-SCAPE has been designed to be loosely coupled with a great user experience that is built around the critical concepts of edtech needed for educators to deliver a more personalized learning experience and deeply understand learner performance across different phases of the learning model.
The E-SCAPE Learning Man
agement System provides a full online solution:
We specialize in the development of interactive, engaging and memorable eLearning courses. When we refer to 'eLearning', we're specifically referring to immersive and highly interactive online learning experiences.
We work closely with your organisation and subject matter experts to ensure that your digital content is relevant, engaging and specifically targeted to your learner group, whilst also meeting your organisations' training needs and objectives.
We do this through a team of experienced instructional designers, content developers, coaches and graphic designers, to ensure that the learner’s journey is painless and cost-effective. We will seamlessly integrate your online resources to fit any website or LMS, or even set you up with am LMS if needed.
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Our custom courses are designed, written and developed specifically to achieve your business objectives and contextually resonate with your learners – there's nothing generic about it. Every eLearning solution is different; however, the learning methodology of our courses is based on applying sound adult learning principles, such as Gagne's Elements of Effective Instructional Design and Keller's ARCS Model (Arousal, Relevance, Confidence and Satisfaction).


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We found a profile with the same e-mail address, and it will be linked to your account after your confirmation.
After confirming your e-mail, you will be able to edit its information, if needed.
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My undergraduate thesis, titled "A Geodesign Approach to Better Understand the Resiliency of Urban Form in the State of Florida", was required for graduation from the program in Sustainability & the Built Environment at the University of Florida.


| Created: | 5/2/2012 3:24:57 PM |
| Modified: | 7/25/2018 11:43:02 PM |
| Project: | |
| Advanced: |
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Public MeasureWithNilReason airTemperature |
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quantity=http://codes.wmo.int/common/quantity-kind/airTemperature sequenceNumber=1
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Public MeasureWithNilReason dewpointTemperature |
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quantity=http://codes.wmo.int/common/quantity-kind/dewPointTemperature sequenceNumber=2
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Public MeasureWithNilReason qnh |
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quantity=http://codes.wmo.int/common/quantity-kind/altimeterSettingQnh sequenceNumber=3
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Public Boolean cloudAndVisibilityOK |
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| Element | Source Role | Target Role |
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«dataType» AerodromeRunwayState Class |
Name: |
Name: runwayState When runways are affected by snow, slush, or other contaminants, a runway state report for each runway in use is required. There is no maximum number of runway states that can be reported. This may be changed in a future amendment. |
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Details:
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«dataType» AerodromeCloud Class |
Name: |
Name: cloud When no clouds are detected by the automatic observing system, it should be indicated by a missing cloud group with a nil reason of notDetectedByAutoSystem ("NCD" from TAC). When there are no clouds of operational significance and no restriction on vertical visibility and “CAVOK” is not appropriate ("NSC") it should be indicated by a missing cloud group with a nil reason of nothingOfOperationalSignificance |
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Details:
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«dataType» AerodromeSurfaceWind Class |
Name: |
Name: surfaceWind Representative surface wind observations. |
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«dataType» AerodromeSeaCondition Class |
Name: |
Name: seaCondition Sea surface temperature and state of the sea or significant wave height are recent weather phenomena to be reported as supplementary information. |
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Details:
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«codeList» AerodromePresentWeather Class |
Name: |
Name: presentWeather When observed, between one and three present weather conditions When present weather cannot be observed by the automatic observing system due to a temporary failure of the system/sensor ("//") the present weather is missing with a nil reason of notObservab |
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le.

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«dataType» AerodromeRunwayVisualRange Class |
Name: |
Name: rvr RVR conditions are required if horizontal visibility or RVR is less than 1500 meters, up to a maximum of four runways |
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«codeList» AerodromeRecentWeather Class |
Name: |
Name: recentWeather Recent weather is one of the recent weather phenomena to be reported as supplementary information. |
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«dataType» AerodromeHorizontalVisibility Class |
Name: |
Name: visibility Visibility reported as prevailing visibility or the lowest visibility as appropriate. |
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«dataType» AerodromeWindShear Class |
Name: |
Name: windShear Wind shear is one of the recent weather phenomena to be reported as supplementary information. |
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| Tag | Value |
| byValuePropertyType | false |
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| isCollection | false |
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| noPropertyType | false |
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| Constraint | Type | Status |
| if( @cloudAndVisibilityOK = 'true') then( empty(visibility, rvr, presentWeather, cloud) ) | Invariant | Approved |
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Details:
Pattern ID: METAR_SPECI.MeteorologicalAerodromeObservation-1
Description: When cloudAndVisibilityOK is true, visibility, rvr, presentWeather and cloud should be missing
Assertion: ( if( @cloudAndVisibilityOK = 'true' ) then( empty(iwxxm:visibility) and empty(iwxxm:rvr) and empty(iwxxm:presentWeather) and empty(iwxxm:cloud) ) else( true() ) )

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| if( visibility//prevailingVisibility < 1500m ) then( not(empty(rvr)) ) | Invariant | Approved |
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Pattern ID: METAR_SPECI.MeteorologicalAerodromeObservation-2
Description: RVR should always be included if prevailing visibility is below 1500 meters,
Assertion: ( if( exists(iwxxm:visibility) and (iwxxm:visibility//iwxxm:prevailingVisibility/number(text()) lt 1500) and (iwxxm:visibility//iwxxm:prevailingVisibility/@uom = 'm') ) then( exists(iwxxm:rvr) ) else( true() ) )

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| airTemperature/@uom = "Cel" | Invariant | Approved |
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Details:
Pattern ID: METAR_SPECI.MeteorologicalAerodromeObservation-3
Description: airTemperature shall be reported in degrees Celsius (Cel)
Assertion: ( if( exists(iwxxm:airTemperature) and not(iwxxm:airTemperature/@xsi:nil = 'true') ) then( iwxxm:airTemperature/@uom = 'Cel' ) else( true() ) )

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| dewpointTemperature/@uom = "Cel" | Invariant | Approved |
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Details:
Pattern ID: METAR_SPECI.MeteorologicalAerodromeObservation-4
Description: dewpointTemperature shall be reported in degrees Celsius (Cel)
Assertion: ( if( exists(iwxxm:dewpointTemperature) and not(iwxxm:dewpointTemperature/@xsi:nil = 'true') ) then( iwxxm:dewpointTemperature/@uom = 'Cel' ) else( true() ) )

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| qnh/@uom = "hPa" | Invariant | Approved |
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Details:
Pattern ID: METAR_SPECI.MeteorologicalAerodromeObservation-5
Description: qnh shall be reported in hectopascals (hPa)
Assertion: ( if( exists(iwxxm:qnh) and not(iwxxm:qnh/@xsi:nil = 'true') ) then( iwxxm:qnh/@uom = 'hPa' ) else( true() ) )

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How to Play
Move range
Attack range
Health
Active unit
Move
Attack
1. Choose your army
2. Units active in order of speed
3. Move your units into position to attack the opposing player
4. Defeat all of your opponents units to win
NOTE: This game is currently only playable by 2 human players playing on the same computer (hotseat). There is no Computer player or networking.
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port call.
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times of this port call.
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times of this port call.


Man allegedly linked to Jesse Hess, grandfather's murders was out on parole at time of attacks
by Tammy PetersenA relative and person of interest in the double murder of Jesse Hess, 19, and her grandfather, Chris Lategan, 85, made an appearance in the Wynberg Magistrate's Court on Friday for the alleged rape of a Hanover Park teenager.
The court heard the man was out on parole since December 2018, according to the National Prosecuting Authority.
The 31-year-old accused appeared on charges of rape, attempted murder and aggravated robbery before a packed courtroom, where Magistrate Goolam Bawa was informed he would not be applying for bail.
READ | 'Glory to God' – Jesse Hess' aunt after person of interest arrested in separate rape case
He was arrested in Struisbaai on Wednesday after charges were laid against him in the separate rape case on Monday. The accused is known to the Hanover Park victim who is 16 years old.
The accused covered his head with a hoodie as he entered the dock. When he left, people in the gallery shouted at him to remove it, calling him a "gemors", warning that they would "wait for him".
READ | Relative identified as person of interest in murder of Jesse Hess and her grandfather
The man had been connected to the murders of Hess, who was a first-year theology student at the University of the Western Cape, and her grandfather via circumstantial evidence, the police confirmed this week.
As of Friday, he is still only a person of interest in the murder case.
Hess and Lategan were found dead in the family's Parow flat on August 30 this year after reportedly being strangled.
A TV set, two cellphones and her backpack were stolen from the house.
There was no sign of forced entry, leading the Hess family to believe Jesse and Lategan might have known their assailant.
Her aunt, Sandy Hess, who was devastated after it was established her relative was allegedly linked to the murders, said their families had had a good relationship.
Their household had visited the relative's home often as the suspect's mother had been ill.
The case was postponed to February 14.


In this demo, I have embed a codepen iframe and a youtube video using lite-iframe web component. When you load it as a normal iframe, it loads eagerly but since we are using lite-iframe component it loads when the element enters the viewport using IntersectionObserver. You can clearly see the difference in the network request panel under doc tab.
Please scroll down to see the demo


Managing Authorization - and Usability - in Rails/AngularJS Part 1
25 Dec 2016I am currently helping build an employee training application for a busy restaurant with two other developers on a Rails backend with an AngularJS front end. So far this project has allowed me to leverage my experience in management to help offer insight on effective and efficient ways to help train the staff of a company with high turnover. It has also got me thinking more deeply about authorization and how managers will be interacting with the application.
An easy UI allows both management and their employees to focus on what’s important, instead of being bogged down by tasks or questions that are repeatedly asked about. I intend to read the book Don’t Make Me Think: A Common Sense Approach to Web Usability by Steve Krug as it seems to be highly recommended. The title makes sense for the project. A restaurant is a fast paced environment where employees simply do not have the time to think. They simply just do. Making the application as simple and easy to use is our primary goal. On to authorization.
I decided to go with CanCan for authorization. CanCan is a Ruby library that restricts what resources and their actions a given user is allowed to access. These permissions are defined in a single location - the Ability
class. CanCan also requires some type of current_user. We have implemented Devise to handle all of our authentication.
Part 2 coming soon! If you like what you read you can check out my previous posts listed in my archive. Or you can check out the full source code for my latest project on github here.


| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| com.ctc.wstx.api |
Package that contains subset of Woodstox classes that are considered to be
its public API (in addition to regular Stax 1.0 -- javax.xml.stream.* -- and
Stax2 -- org.codehaus.stax2.*).
|
| com.ctc.wstx.dtd |
Package that contains Woodstox classes that implement DTD handling.
|
| com.ctc.wstx.evt |
Package contains Woodstox implementation of the StAX event layer; functionality
that is built on top of stream readers and writers.
|
| com.ctc.wstx.sax |
Contains Woodstox SAX implementation.
|
| com.ctc.wstx.sr |
This package contains supporting code for handling namespace information;
element stacks that keep track of elements parsed and such.
|
| com.ctc.wstx.stax |
This package contains miscellaneous classes that implement Woodstox.
|
| com.ctc.wstx.util |
Contains utility classes that are not directly Woodstox specific, but are
for now only used by Woodstox.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| DTDEventListener |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| ChoiceContentSpec
Content specification that defines content model that has
multiple alternative elements; including mixed content model.
|
| ContentSpec
Abstract base class for classes that contain parts of a content
specification of an element defined in DTD.
|
| DefaultAttrValue
Simple container class used to contain information about the default
value for an attribute.
|
| DFAState
Class that represents a state in DFA used for validating complex
DTD content models.
|
| DTDAttribute
Base class for objects that contain attribute definitions from DTD.
|
| DTDElement
Class that contains element definitions from DTD.
|
| DTDEventListener |
| DTDId
Simple key object class, used for accessing (external) DTDs when stored for
caching.
|
| DTDSubset
This is the abstract base class that implements the standard Stax2
validation schema base class (
XMLValidationSchema , as well
as specifies extended Woodstox-specific interface for accessing
DTD-specific things like entity expansions and notation properties. |
| DTDSubsetImpl
The default implementation of
DTDSubset |
| DTDValidatorBase
Shared abstract base class for Woodstox implementations
of
XMLValidator for DTD validation. |
| EmptyValidator
Simple content model validator that accepts no elements, ever; this
is true for pure #PCDATA content model as well as EMPTY content model.
|
| MinimalDTDReader
Minimal DTD reader implementation that only knows how to skip
internal DTD subsets.
|
| ModelNode
Abstract base class for classes constructed from
ContentSpec
objects, when they get rewritten (when their ContentSpec.rewrite()
gets called). |
| PrefixedNameSet |
| SeqContentSpec
Content specification that defines model that has sequence of one or more
elements that have to come in the specified order.
|
| StructValidator
Base class for validator Objects used to validate tree structure of an
XML-document against DTD.
|
| TokenContentSpec
Content specification that defines content model consisting of just
one allowed element.
|
| TokenModel
Model class that encapsulates a single (obligatory) token instance.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| DTDSubset
This is the abstract base class that implements the standard Stax2
validation schema base class (
XMLValidationSchema , as well
as specifies extended Woodstox-specific interface for accessing
DTD-specific things like entity expansions and notation properties. |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| DTDEventListener |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| DTDId
Simple key object class, used for accessing (external) DTDs when stored for
caching.
|
| DTDSubset
This is the abstract base class that implements the standard Stax2
validation schema base class (
XMLValidationSchema , as well
as specifies extended Woodstox-specific interface for accessing
DTD-specific things like entity expansions and notation properties. |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| DTDId
Simple key object class, used for accessing (external) DTDs when stored for
caching.
|
| DTDSubset
This is the abstract base class that implements the standard Stax2
validation schema base class (
XMLValidationSchema , as well
as specifies extended Woodstox-specific interface for accessing
DTD-specific things like entity expansions and notation properties. |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| DTDEventListener |
Copyright © 2020 FasterXML. All rights reserved.


$('#example-id').colorfulTab();
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Keffiyeh tumblr street art cold-pressed jean shorts. Street art pug 3 wolf moon cronut. Bicycle rights XOXO fanny pack cliche, cardigan meh distillery art party viral fixie roof party shabby chic kinfolk ethical yr. Poutine typewriter flannel pickled, chartreuse listicle brunch portland synth godard. Selfies echo park lo-fi ramps bespoke ugh, crucifix heirloom waistcoat squid literally. Craft beer green juice yr vinyl, sriracha pork belly pop-up seitan etsy put a bird on it truffaut. Paleo chartreuse drinking vinegar, try-hard heirloom letterpress 90's hella godard fashion axe man bun VHS pour-over farm-to-table.
Bitters cronut butcher, +1 dreamcatcher readymade fingerstache cray synth bespoke godard. Street art franzen polaroid gentrify. Lo-fi typewriter banh mi, lomo shabby chic asymmetrical street art craft beer narwhal heirloom. Gluten-free fixie readymade sartorial dreamcatcher godard DIY cold-pressed meggings distillery. Gochujang hoodie viral, yuccie taxidermy squid pork belly. Yr locavore pinterest pork belly thundercats heirloom, forage disrupt. Gochujang dreamcatcher kinfolk, kale chips pabst vegan green juice direct trade small batch vice lumbersexual farm-to-table art party chartreuse godard.
Hoodie four loko letterpress freegan skateboard sartorial, polaroid forage ramps 8-bit direct trade. Chia chicharrones humblebrag 8-bit. Intelligentsia semiotics 8-bit banjo poutine chillwave. +1 small batch vegan, truffaut crucifix taxidermy twee banjo meggings blog scenester ugh. Keffiyeh readymade art party cold-pressed. Heirloom pork belly photo booth scenester cold-pressed neutra. Vice actually shoreditch viral poutine, vinyl fanny pack retro etsy kickstarter.
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Keffiyeh tumblr street art cold-pressed jean shorts. Street art pug 3 wolf moon cronut. Bicycle rights XOXO fanny pack cliche, cardigan meh distillery art party viral fixie roof party shabby chic kinfolk ethical yr. Poutine typewriter flannel pickled, chartreuse listicle brunch portland synth godard. Selfies echo park lo-fi ramps bespoke ugh, crucifix heirloom waistcoat squid literally. Craft beer green juice yr vinyl, sriracha pork belly pop-up seitan etsy put a bird on it truffaut. Paleo chartreuse drinking vinegar, try-hard heirloom letterpress 90's hella godard fashion axe man bun VHS pour-over farm-to-table.
$('#example-id').colorfulTab({theme:'flatline'});
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Hoodie four loko letterpress freegan skateboard sartorial, polaroid forage ramps 8-bit direct trade. Chia chicharrones humblebrag 8-bit. Intelligentsia semiotics 8-bit banjo poutine chillwave. +1 small batch vegan, truffaut crucifix taxidermy twee banjo meggings blog scenester ugh. Keffiyeh readymade art party cold-pressed. Heirloom pork belly photo booth scenester cold-pressed neutra. Vice actually shoreditch viral poutine, vinyl fanny pack retro etsy kickstarter.
Single-origin coffee tilde craft beer organic wolf. Plaid kickstarter vegan roof party vice, try-hard taxidermy truffaut small batch. PBR&B butcher helvetica, green juice craft beer kickstarter skateboard. +1 selvage VHS gastropub slow-carb, twee vegan helvetica farm-to-table marfa seitan letterpress narwhal squid cliche. Meggings fap leggings slow-carb kickstarter, health goth gastropub hashtag blue bottle photo booth literally PBR&B iPhone ugh. Organic scenester truffaut pug, pitchfork man bun artisan brooklyn photo booth. Biodiesel farm-to-table 8-bit direct trade humblebrag, man braid blue bottle.
Austin artisan cornhole, microdosing messenger bag neutra tilde ramps chambray knausgaard. Messenger bag helvetica dreamcatcher migas, pork belly cold-pressed actually schlitz viral green juice vegan. XOXO mustache butcher, artisan shoreditch beard seitan lo-fi locavore banh mi skateboard organic. Sriracha ennui synth, viral chartreuse gentrify umami. Beard pour-over single-origin coffee, direct trade post-ironic keytar roof party twee shoreditch. Godard heirloom wolf, pabst pickled offal shoreditch. Kogi gentrify truffaut, viral irony kickstarter tumblr pop-up kitsch jean shorts next level cold-pressed.
Keffiyeh tumblr street art cold-pressed jean shorts. Street art pug 3 wolf moon cronut. Bicycle rights XOXO fanny pack cliche, cardigan meh distillery art party viral fixie roof party shabby chic kinfolk ethical yr. Poutine typewriter flannel pickled, chartreuse listicle brunch portland synth godard. Selfies echo park lo-fi ramps bespoke ugh, crucifix heirloom waistcoat squid literally. Craft beer green juice yr vinyl, sriracha pork belly pop-up seitan etsy put a bird on it truffaut. Paleo chartreuse drinking vinegar, try-hard heirloom letterpress 90's hella godard fashion axe man bun VHS pour-over farm-to-table.
$('#example-id').colorfulTab({
theme:'flatline',
backgroundImage:'true',
overlayColor:'true',
overlayOpacity:'0.8'
});
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Hoodie four loko letterpress freegan skateboard sartorial, polaroid forage ramps 8-bit direct trade. Chia chicharrones humblebrag 8-bit. Intelligentsia semiotics 8-bit banjo poutine chillwave. +1 small batch vegan, truffaut crucifix taxidermy twee banjo meggings blog scenester ugh. Keffiyeh readymade art party cold-pressed. Heirloom pork belly photo booth scenester cold-pressed neutra. Vice actually shoreditch viral poutine, vinyl fanny pack retro etsy kickstarter.
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Austin artisan cornhole, microdosing messenger bag neutra tilde ramps chambray knausgaard. Messenger bag helvetica dreamcatcher migas, pork belly cold-pressed actually schlitz viral green juice vegan. XOXO mustache butcher, artisan shoreditch beard seitan lo-fi locavore banh mi skateboard organic. Sriracha ennui synth, viral chartreuse gentrify umami. Beard pour-over single-origin coffee, direct trade post-ironic keytar roof party twee shoreditch. Godard heirloom wolf, pabst pickled offal shoreditch. Kogi gentrify truffaut, viral irony kickstarter tumblr pop-up kitsch jean shorts next level cold-pressed.
Keffiyeh tumblr street art cold-pressed jean shorts. Street art pug 3 wolf moon cronut. Bicycle rights XOXO fanny pack cliche, cardigan meh distillery art party viral fixie roof party shabby chic kinfolk ethical yr. Poutine typewriter flannel pickled, chartreuse listicle brunch portland synth godard. Selfies echo park lo-fi ramps bespoke ugh, crucifix heirloom waistcoat squid literally. Craft beer green juice yr vinyl, sriracha pork belly pop-up seitan etsy put a bird on it truffaut. Paleo chartreuse drinking vinegar, try-hard heirloom letterpress 90's hella godard fashion axe man bun VHS pour-over farm-to-table.


4-fa summary:
I have tried 4-fa many times in the past 3 months. Given the rising popularity of the substance, I decided to share my experiences.
First Time:
The first time was unique. A group of us each swallowed 150 mg. 15 minutes after administration, the first alerts arrived. My mind became much calmer, and I spent time completing each thought before moving on to the next. The comeup plateaued 15 minutes after the first alerts arrived. Unlike dextroamphetamine, the body feels very relaxed just like the mind. Almost a stoned feeling. After 2 hours of great conversation, the drugs effects started coming in waves. The waves manifested in the conversation as periods of silence. At 3 hours, everyone was noticeably irritable, and the group broke up. A constant state of agitation was experienced until 5 hours after administration.
Summary of other experiences:
At no time did my pupils ever dilate in the way they would under the influence of other drugs. I never again felt as stoned as I did the first time. Also, the wave effect is not noticeable. I found that the drug shifts from calm stimulation to a state where the mind looks for something to mildly worry about 4 or so hours after last administration when doing tasks alone. When with another, the worrying mood is not as strong.
I noticed the most profound effects at dosage levels between 150-180mg. I used 4-FA as a study aid with doses between 80-100mg following up with a 50mg redose an hour an a half or two hours after the first dose. The redose lengths the calm stimulation period while only mildly increasing irritation later.
I had problems sleeping ~6 hours after a 150mg dose. I would just lie awake, but be unable to fall asleep. Subsequently, I discovered that a bowl of marijuana smoked when the irritable effects begin or when I wish to fall asleep is a godsend. Insomnia no longer becomes an issue, even two hours after the last dose. The only negative body signs I have experienced are slight aches in my joints and muscles the morning after.
The most 4-fa I have taken in a single day has been 300mg: 150mg initial, 50mg at +1:30, 100mg at +2:30. The next day I did not notice any negative effects, but I was still stimulated from the last dose until about 16 hours after I had taken it.
I have noticed a mild craving for the substance when I am bored, but nothing that cannot be easily ignored. On two occasions I experienced two days of back to back 4-fa use with sleep in between. I did not notice any tolerance effect on the second day.
The most pleasurable parts of this drug are the way conversation and ideas flow and how it decreases my irritability in the first part of the high. Situations or people I would avoid because it brings me stress no longer stress me during the first part of the high. Music appreciation is definitely increased, and towards the later part of the experience my horniness increases dramatically. Walking around seeing girls is very pleasurable. No problems experiencing an erection while under the influence, either.
I hope that this was informative. Please use this research chemical responsibly so that it continues to stay under the radar.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


We're a student-run interest group at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign focused on information security. Public meetings this semester are held on Thursdays, 7-8 PM, 3013 ECEB. All are welcome! We have a strong focus on kind and collaborative learning.
If you're a first timer, see this page!
To join our mailing list, enter this in your terminal:
You can also subscribe through the web interface.


Trump awards medals to Jon Voight, Alison Krauss and others
by AAMER MADHANIWASHINGTON (AP) - President Donald Trump on Thursday honored an Oscar-winning actor, a bluegrass-country singer, a conservative think tank and others with two of the most prestigious national awards in the arts and humanities.
It was first time during his nearly three-year-old presidency that Trump has awarded the National Medal of Arts and National Humanities Medal.
Honorees included Jon Voight, one of the few Hollywood actors who is an outspoken backer of Trump. Voight, one of four winners of the National Medal of Arts, later accompanied Trump to Dover Air Force Base in Delaware to pay tribute to the remains of two U.S. service members who were killed in a helicopter crash in Afghanistan this week.
The White House ceremony marked a rare warm moment between artists and Trump. The president has had a chilly relationship with a broad swath of Hollywood and the arts world, which have shunned Trump over his immigration policies, his Supreme Court picks, his administration’s efforts to roll back abortion rights and other issues.
“Each of today’s recipients has made an outstanding contributions to American society, culture and life,” Trump said. “They exemplify the genius, talent and creativity of our exceptional nation.”
Voight, who stars in the Showtime drama “Ray Donovan,” won the best actor Oscar for his portrayal of a troubled Vietnam War veteran in the 1978 film “Coming Home” and starred in the 1969 Oscar-winning best picture “Midnight Cowboy.”
The other recipients of the National Medal of Arts were Alison Krauss, a Grammy-winning bluegrass-country musician; Sharon Percy Rockefeller, the CEO of Washington’s flagship public television and radio stations; and the musicians of the U.S. military.
The National Humanities Medal recipients were Teresa Lozano Long, a Texas philanthropist; Patrick O’Connell, the chef and proprietor of the restaurant The Inn At Little Washington in Virginia; mystery writer James Patterson; and the Claremont Institute, a conservative think tank based in California.
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Please read our comment policy before commenting.


pgblog
A musician tackles code
It's hard to wrap one's mind around the constellation of programming languages out there, to say nothing of keeping track of what is 'in' and what's not. A single blog post can only scratch the surface of this topic, but every attempt to 'dig deep' has to start with some scratching, right?
Functional programming is one of the most-discussed paradigms in computing today, even though it's also one of the oldest. What is the secret to its longevity as a topic? We'll get to that in a moment, first a little history.
Lisp is among the oldest higher-level computer language still in widespread use today, built in 1958 and massively influential, having spawned a number of offspring (most prominently Scheme and Common Lisp) as well as imitators such as Clojure and Scala (both built on the Java Virtual Machine). Even our friend Ruby counts Lisp among its principal influences, in part through the conduit of Smalltalk.
So why is functional programming more important today than ever? Isn't object-oriented programming the thing now? Indeed it is, but this should not be a source for confusion. The biggest problem for novices is recognizing these paradigms do not stand in opposition to each other. Rather, while they all contribute certain strengths and weaknesses to the picture, functions can be manipulated like objects, and in fact Scala bills itself as 'object-oriented meets functional' with the tagline "Have the best of both worlds."
The persistence of functional programming has to do with its tolerance for complexity, its flexibility, but above all its scalability. The most demanding facets of Twitter, for example, are coded in Scala, where functions can be anonymous and run concurrently. Herein lies the key to Scala's relevance in modern web applications: this concurrency means that code need not run faster (though it does that too) in order to run more efficiently. Individual pieces of Scala code work independently and can pass outputs to one another in a continuous flow. Coupled with its linguistic affinity to Java this means that Scala's popularity should be no surprise to anyone.
The next two aspects of this topic are the notions of 'pure' functions (by way of which we're introduced to Haskell) and the ways in which Ruby can invoke functional programming paradigms (the world of procs and lambdas) - however, it's late and I have to cut it short for now. Hope this has been helpful!


Description: Execute all handlers attached to an element for an event.
eventType: String
A string containing a JavaScript event type, such as click
or submit
.
extraParameters: Array An array of additional parameters to pass along to the event handler.
The .triggerHandler()
method behaves similarly to .trigger()
, with the following exceptions:
.triggerHandler()
method does not cause the default behavior of an event to occur (such as a form submission)..trigger()
will operate on all elements matched by the jQuery object, .triggerHandler()
only affects the first matched element..triggerHandler()
do not bubble up the DOM hierarchy; if they are not handled by the target element directly, they do nothing..triggerHandler()
returns whatever value was returned by the last handler it caused to be executed. If no handlers are triggered, it returns undefined
For more information on this method, see the discussion for .trigger()
.
<!DOCTYPE html>

<button id="old">.trigger("focus")</button>
<button id="new">.triggerHandler("focus")</button>

<input type="text" value="To Be Focused"/>


Class ProtocolConfig
A set of parameters used to instantiate an initial HandshakeState from a concrete Protocol.
Inheritance
Inherited Members
Namespace: Noise
Assembly: Noise.dll
Syntax
public sealed class ProtocolConfig
Constructors
| Improve this Doc View SourceProtocolConfig(Boolean, Byte[], Byte[], Byte[], IEnumerable<Byte[]>)
Initializes a new instance of the ProtocolConfig class.
Declaration
public ProtocolConfig(bool initiator = false, byte[] prologue = null, byte[] s = null, byte[] rs = null, IEnumerable<byte[]> psks = null)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Boolean | initiator | A boolean indicating the initiator or responder role. |
| System.Byte[] | prologue | A byte sequence which may be zero-length, or which may contain context information that both parties want to confirm is identical. |
| System.Byte[] | s | The local static private key. |
| System.Byte[] | rs | The remote party's static public key. |
| System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Byte[]> | psks | The collection of zero or more 32-byte pre-shared secret keys. |
Properties
| Improve this Doc View SourceInitiator
Gets or sets the initiator or responder role.
Declaration
public bool Initiator { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean |
LocalStatic
Gets or sets the local static private key.
Declaration
public byte[] LocalStatic { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Byte[] |
PreSharedKeys
Gets or sets the collection of zero or more 32-byte pre-shared secret keys.
Declaration
public IEnumerable<byte[]> PreSharedKeys { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Byte[]> |
Prologue
Gets or sets the prologue (a byte sequence which may be zero-length, or which may contain context information that both parties want to confirm is identical).
Declaration
public byte[] Prologue { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Byte[] |
RemoteStatic
Gets or sets the remote party's static public key.
Declaration
public byte[] RemoteStatic { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Byte[] |


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