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using the cleaner oreck vacuum xl.
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user-inputs
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security filters
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filters
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|


Pool Size |
Consumed Pool Capacity |
Free Pool Capacity |
Capacity usage of DP/HDT polls. X-Axis represents Date-Time, Y-Axis represents consumed capacity in [TB].
Capacity usage of DP/HDT polls. X-Axis represents Date-Time, Y-Axis represents Free capacity in [RB].
Capacity usage of DP/HDT polls. X-Axis represents Date-Time, Y-Axis represents capacity usage in [%].


Types and views can be parameterized with name parameters.
In the simple case, parameters can be the type of subelements such as can be seen in the stack example.
Parameter values are not restricted to types. A more complex parameterization can be seen in the unit example.


How flick is replacing the 'move fast and break things' mindset with one built on pattern libraries, high-quality code, and a passion for design systems.
I'm a seasoned front-end developer, and built my first site in 1997, back when marquee was high-tech, and nested tables were all the rage.
Since then I've dabbled as a UX researcher and interaction designer, but my core love is for working with HTML, CSS, JavaScript and all the peripheral elements of the web. Open source stacks are a great environment to work within, and Ruby (Rails, Middleman) is no exception.
I moved to Wellington 5 years ago, after attending Webstock 2014, and now work at Flick Electric Co. Here I helped implement Flick's first Design System alongside some great people like Sophie Price, and Kah Chan.
I'm a product designer who's really passionate about UX, however I enjoy spending a fair bit of time getting my hands dirty with front-end code. I've been at Flick since October last year, after completing my Masters in Design Innovation at Victoria. At Flick I've continued my healthy obsession with design systems that began during an internship at Trade Me in 2016-17.
Outside of work you'll find me at the climbing wall, or outside bouldering when the wild Welly weather permits!


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| Appeal Tribunal Reference Number | SC242/17/1234 |
|---|---|
| Personal details | Warren Sutton |
| Address | 24 Park Road Lewisham London E11 4PR |
| Date of birth | 20 September 1983 (34 years old) |
| National Insurance number | JK 02 03 04 extends |
| Benefit | PIP |
| Date of claim | 16/03/2017 |
| Decision effective date | Warren was previously awarded the lower rate Mobility
and lowest rate Car components of Disability Living Allowance. DLA was in payment until 11/07/2017, the last day of the 28 day period which started on the first DLA payday after the Personal Independence Payment decision of 13/06/2017. If the Tribunal decide to award benefit, the earliest date for any PIP award is 12/07/2017. The specific legislation is the Personal Independence Payment (Transitional Provisions) Regulations 2013 reg 17(1)(b). |
| Date of outcome decision | 13/06/2017 |
| Date of Reconsideration Decision | 27/09/2017 |
| Date of Appeal Request | 16/11/2017 |


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Why Gold Is Up And How High Can It Go?
by Naeem AslamGold has retraced from its November high of $1,516, but it is still up more than 18% year-to-date. The important element to note here is that the price is still trading well above the $1,500 mark—a critical level that gives hope to bulls.
Gold Price Neglects Equity Markets Strength
Despite the new record highs of the S&P 500 (on October 28, the S&P 500 reached 3,637), the gold price has been moving higher. Usually, a risk-on trade—meaning when the equity markets start to move higher—is associated with a risk-off trade; the gold price usually moves lower. But this textbook trade has failed to materialize. This shows that the bulls do have some force behind them.
Economic Docket Isn't Good
It is important to keep in mind that the overall US economic docket paints a pessimistic picture. The recent US ISM manufacturing number released on Friday (actual 48.3 against the forecast of 49) shows that the manufacturing sector is feeling the pain caused by the trade war. However, the US GDP and US labor data are improving from a relative perspective—the US non-farm employment came in at 128K while the US GDP q/q growth stood at 1.9%. If manufacturing continues to suffer it would take down the labor market and the only solution to this problem is a ceasefire between the US and China.
Gold Volatility and Earning Estimates
Another lens that we can use to measure the momentum of the gold price is by looking at the gold volatility. The GVXX index, which shows the volatility for gold, has dropped substantially. This has happened as the Citi ERI global index that measures the global equity upgrade and downgrade revisions by analysts improved considerably. The current reading of this index is -0.17. Once again, investors are still betting on the gold price to move higher despite the fact that the underlying fundamentals of the equity markets have improved. It shows investors do not feel comfortable keeping too much risk on their books and they like to have a hedge in place—a phenomenon which is common when the US equity markets are near record highs.
Price Action Says It All
From a technical price action perspective, we have formed a bullish price pattern—ascending triangle—on the daily time frame. The projection of this triangle could easily push the price well above $1,650.
To conclude, the momentum of the gold price is strong, even though traders know that the trade deal could be happening any day. Investors do not feel fully comfortable placing their eggs in one basket—the equity markets—and this is keeping the gold price higher.


|
Drake
|
Namespaces | |
| test | |
Classes | |
| class | ArcOffset |
| Specification for path offset along a circular arc. More... | |
| class | ArcRoadCurve |
| RoadCurve specification for a reference curve that describes a piece of an arc. More... | |
| class | BranchPoint |
| An implementation of api::BranchPoint. More... | |
| class | Builder |
| Convenient builder class which makes it easy to construct a multilane road network. More... | |
| class | BuilderBase |
| Defines a builder interface for multilane. More... | |
| class | BuilderFactory |
| Implements a BuilderFactoryBase to construct Builder objects. More... | |
| class | BuilderFactoryBase |
| Factory interface to construct BuilderBase instances. More... | |
| class | Connection |
| Representation of a reference path connecting two endpoints. More... | |
| class | CubicPolynomial |
| A cubic polynomial, f(p) = a + b*p + c*p^2 + d*p^3. More... | |
| class | EndLane |
| Provides methods to build an EndLane::Spec. More... | |
| class | Endpoint |
| Complete set of parameters for an endpoint of a connection, specified in the world frame. More... | |
| class | EndpointXy |
| XY-plane-only parameters for an endpoint of a connection, specified in the world frame. More... | |
| class | EndpointZ |
| Out-of-plane parameters for an endpoint of a connection, specified in the world frame. More... | |
| class | EndReference |
| Provides methods to build an EndReference::Spec. More... | |
| class | Group |
| A group of Connections. More... | |
| class | GroupFactory |
| Implements a GroupFactoryBase to construct Group objects. More... | |
| class | GroupFactoryBase |
| Factory interface to construct Group instances. More... | |
| class | Junction |
| An api::Junction implementation. More... | |
| class | Lane |
| Base class for the multilane implementation of api::Lane. More... | |
| class | LaneEndSet |
| An implementation of LaneEndSet. More... | |
| class | LaneLayout |
| Wraps all the lane-related specifications in a Connection. More... | |
| class | LineOffset |
| Specification for path offset along a line. More... | |
| class | LineRoadCurve |
| RoadCurve specification for a reference curve that describes a line. More... | |
| class | RoadCurve |
| Defines an interface for a path in a Segment object surface. More... | |
| class | RoadGeometry |
| A simple api::RoadGeometry implementation that only supports a single lane per segment. More... | |
| class | Rot3 |
| An R^3 rotation parameterized by roll, pitch, yaw. More... | |
| class | Segment |
| An api::Segment implementation. More... | |
| class | StartLane |
| Provides methods to build an StartLane::Spec. More... | |
| class | StartReference |
| Provides methods to build an StartReference::Spec. More... | |
Typedefs | |
| typedef Vector2< double > | V2 |
| typedef Vector3< double > | V3 |
Enumerations | |
| enum | Direction { kForward, kReverse } |
| Defines the direction of an Endpoint or EndpointZ. More... | |
| enum | ComputationPolicy { kPreferAccuracy, kPreferSpeed } |
| A policy to guide all computations in a RoadCurve, in terms of speed and accuracy. More... | |
Functions | |
| std::ostream & | operator<< (std::ostream &out, const StartReference::Spec &start_spec) |
Streams a string representation of start_spec into out . More... | |
| std::ostream & | operator<< (std::ostream &out, const StartLane::Spec &start_spec) |
Streams a string representation of start_spec into out . More... | |
| std::ostream & | operator<< (std::ostream &out, const EndReference::Spec &end_spec) |
Streams a string representation of end_spec into out . More... | |
| std::ostream & | operator<< (std::ostream &out, const EndLane::Spec &end_spec) |
Streams a string representation of end_spec into out . More... | |
| std::ostream & | operator<< (std::ostream &out, const LaneLayout &lane_layout) |
Streams a string representation of lane_layout into out . More... | |
| std::ostream & | operator<< (std::ostream &out, const EndpointXy &endpoint_xy) |
Streams a string representation of endpoint_xy into out . More... | |
| std::ostream & | operator<< (std::ostream &out, const EndpointZ &endpoint_z) |
Streams a string representation of endpoint_z into out . More... | |
| std::ostream & | operator<< (std::ostream &out, const Endpoint &endpoint) |
Streams a string representation of endpoint into out . More... | |
| std::ostream & | operator<< (std::ostream &out, const LineOffset &line_offset) |
Streams a string representation of line_offset into out . More... | |
| std::ostream & | operator<< (std::ostream &out, const ArcOffset &arc_offset) |
Streams a string representation of arc_offset into out . More... | |
| std::ostream & | operator<< (std::ostream &out, const CubicPolynomial &cubic_polynomial) |
Streams a string representation of cubic_polynomial into out . More... | |
| std::unique_ptr< const api::RoadGeometry > | Load (const BuilderFactoryBase &builder_factory, const std::string &input) |
Loads the input string as a maliput_multilane_builder document using the provided builder_factory . More... | |
| std::unique_ptr< const api::RoadGeometry > | LoadFile (const BuilderFactoryBase &builder_factory, const std::string &filename) |
Loads the named file as a maliput_multilane_builder document using the provided builder_factory . More... | |
|
strong |
A policy to guide all computations in a RoadCurve, in terms of speed and accuracy.
|
strong |
| std::unique_ptr< const api::RoadGeometry > Load | ( | const BuilderFactoryBase & | builder_factory, |
| const std::string & | input | ||
| ) |
Loads the input
string as a maliput_multilane_builder document using the provided builder_factory
.
See loader.h for further details.
Application code must use a BuilderFactory reference. It is provided so that the Builder to be created can be mocked and code can be tested.
| std::unique_ptr< const api::RoadGeometry > LoadFile | ( | const BuilderFactoryBase & | builder_factory, |
| const std::string & | filename | ||
| ) |
Loads the named file as a maliput_multilane_builder document using the provided builder_factory
.
See loader.h for further details.
Application code must use a BuilderFactory reference. It is provided so that the Builder to be created can be mocked and code can be tested.
| std::ostream & operator<< | ( | std::ostream & | out, |
| const CubicPolynomial & | cubic_polynomial | ||
| ) |
Streams a string representation of cubic_polynomial
into out
.
Returns out
. This method is provided for the purposes of debugging or text-logging. It is not intended for serialization.
| std::ostream & operator<< | ( | std::ostream & | out, |
| const EndpointXy & | endpoint_xy | ||
| ) |
Streams a string representation of endpoint_xy
into out
.
Returns out
. This method is provided for the purposes of debugging or text-logging. It is not intended for serialization.
| std::ostream & operator<< | ( | std::ostream & | out, |
| const EndpointZ & | endpoint_z | ||
| ) |
Streams a string representation of endpoint_z
into out
.
Returns out
. This method is provided for the purposes of debugging or text-logging. It is not intended for serialization.
| std::ostream & operator<< | ( | std::ostream & | out, |
| const StartReference::Spec & | start_spec | ||
| ) |
Streams a string representation of start_spec
into out
.
Returns out
. This method is provided for the purposes of debugging or text-logging. It is not intended for serialization.
| std::ostream & operator<< | ( | std::ostream & | out, |
| const StartLane::Spec & | start_spec | ||
| ) |
Streams a string representation of start_spec
into out
.
Returns out
. This method is provided for the purposes of debugging or text-logging. It is not intended for serialization.
| std::ostream & operator<< | ( | std::ostream & | out, |
| const Endpoint & | endpoint | ||
| ) |
Streams a string representation of endpoint
into out
.
Returns out
. This method is provided for the purposes of debugging or text-logging. It is not intended for serialization.
| std::ostream & operator<< | ( | std::ostream & | out, |
| const EndReference::Spec & | end_spec | ||
| ) |
Streams a string representation of end_spec
into out
.
Returns out
. This method is provided for the purposes of debugging or text-logging. It is not intended for serialization.
| std::ostream & operator<< | ( | std::ostream & | out, |
| const LineOffset & | line_offset | ||
| ) |
Streams a string representation of line_offset
into out
.
Returns out
. This method is provided for the purposes of debugging or text-logging. It is not intended for serialization.
| std::ostream & operator<< | ( | std::ostream & | out, |
| const ArcOffset & | arc_offset | ||
| ) |
Streams a string representation of arc_offset
into out
.
Returns out
. This method is provided for the purposes of debugging or text-logging. It is not intended for serialization.
| std::ostream & operator<< | ( | std::ostream & | out, |
| const EndLane::Spec & | end_spec | ||
| ) |
Streams a string representation of end_spec
into out
.
Returns out
. This method is provided for the purposes of debugging or text-logging. It is not intended for serialization.
| std::ostream & operator<< | ( | std::ostream & | out, |
| const LaneLayout & | lane_layout | ||
| ) |
Streams a string representation of lane_layout
into out
.
Returns out
. This method is provided for the purposes of debugging or text-logging. It is not intended for serialization.


Welcome to BBC.com Saturday,1 June
12 killed in mass shooting in Virginia
A disgruntled employee fired 'indiscriminately' in a government office before he was
killed by officers.
A disgruntled employee fired 'indiscriminately' in a government office before he was
killed by officers.
The streets of Hong Kong are brought to a standstill in the third mass protest there this week.
CHINAThe five MPs argued over whether a new deal can be reached in a TV debate without frontrunner Boris Johnson.
UKArgentina's president promises a full investigation after blackout left millions without electricity.
LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEANAustralia play Bangladesh at Trent Bridge in the ICC Cricket world cup - follow in-plays clips,radio & text.
CRICKETA personal tragedy inspired Micheal Wood's greatest sporting success.He revisits an emotional day in 2018,with the BeSpoke podcast.
SPORTLionel Messi salvages a vital point for Argentina as they struggle in a 1-1 draw against paraguay in Copa America.
FOOTBALL


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Total Cases
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Total Cases Overview
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Hey , you selected mostly a's. The ideal language for you is Ruby. Ruby is a favorite language of developers building interactive web applications. If an app involves users creating accounts, entering information, and interacting with dynamic content, there's a good chance it is built with Ruby. Ruby became popular because the Rails framework, which is written with Ruby, simplified many of the common tasks associated with building web applications. It's most popular with startups and smaller companies who are looking to build their product quickly. Have fun coding!
, looks like you selected mostly b's. The best language for you is most likely PHP. PHP is most used in content-heavy websites with relatively little user interaction. The most popular content management systems - Wordpress, Drupal, and Joomla - are all written in PHP, and everything from local restaurants' websites up through large complex government deployments are built with these tools. If you're keen to work for an agency that builds websites for clients, or if you like the idea of building out sites for brands, businesses, and organizations, PHP is a great direction to go. So now get out there and code!
, it appears that you have selected mostly c's. C# would most likely be the program you would be most interested in. C# is most popular among bigger established businesses, often for building internal software. Because it's been around for a long time and has the backing of Microsoft, it is one of the most in-demand languages in the job market. Best of luck!


Shopping Car Concurrency Flaw For this exercise, your mission is to exploit the concurrency issue which will allow you to purchase merchandise for a lower price Shopping Cart Shopping Cart Items Price Quantity Subtotal Hitachi - 750GB External Hard Drive $169.00 $0.00 Hewlett-Packard - All-in-One Laser Printer $299.00 $0.00 Sony - Vaio with Intel Centrino $1799.00 $0.00 Toshiba - XGA LCD Projector $649.00 $0.00 Total: $0.00


I was involved in a very serious accident about a year ago that left me in the hospital for quite some time with a traumatic brain injury. Luckily, I've made more or less a full recovery. The one lingering problem I have had since the injury is with my sleep cycle. I'm no longer able to establish any sort of pattern to my sleeping. I'll be awake one minute and dead tired the next. It's as if someone is quickly turning on and off the 'sleep/awake' switch in my brain. This got to be quite a problem, as you can imagine. On the bright side, even though I'm now narcoleptic, at least I don't have full-blow cataplexy to boot.
After thinking that I was merely depressed for the longest time, and going on a few different SSRI's and other antidepressants, I realized that it was the sleep problems that were of the most concern. I went to a post-concussion specialist and he immediately put me on Provigil.
The effects were immediate.
There is really no 'high' feeling, other than being completely awake, which after a year without, is a high of its own. It's not a drug that will keep me awake if I want to sleep, but will allow me to overcome the desire to sleep if I feel it constantly nagging at me. I do also experience much improved concentration abilities, although again, this may be 'normal' for most people, as I've lost my frame of reference of how I functioned before the accident.
Unfortunately, the effects don't seem to be as strong as they were when I began taking it. I've tried hard not to take Provigil everyday, as I did not want to down-regulate any receptors for it, thus loose its potency. However, it seems as if I have been unsuccessful.
I'm afraid that this narcolepsy might be a tougher animal than I thought, and I'm afraid that amphetamines may be the next step for me. Something I'm not looking forward to. However, Provigil has at least given me a glimpse of what normalcy can be, and even now, when the day is right, it keeps me awake and aware the entire day.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Using the app with Amazon MTurk¶
SvelteTurk¶
I highly recommend using SvelteTurk (a graphical MTurk HIT-making app by Eshin Jolly) to make running continuous-rater
as simple as possible. Download the latest version here and read more about it here. However, if you are familiar with Python and want to write your own code to control the process, read on!
MTurk external question¶
In order to use an external website within MTurk, you have to use the AWS External question protocol. This entails creating a .xml
file that contains a reference to your website (built with Netlify, or something similar). Here is the template you need to use (only edit the YOUR URL HERE section on the third line):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ExternalQuestion xmlns="http://mechanicalturk.amazonaws.com/AWSMechanicalTurkDataSchemas/2006-07-14/ExternalQuestion.xsd">
<ExternalURL>YOUR URL HERE</ExternalURL>
<FrameHeight>0</FrameHeight>
</ExternalQuestion>
Save this file somewhere that you will reference later.
Python and MTurk¶
In order to interface with MTurk using Python, you will need to install boto3 from your command line:
pip install boto3
You will also need your AWS access key id and secret access key. Learn about how to find/generate them here.
Note
The following section has code that will connect to your actual MTurk account and create a HIT visible to the worldwide marketplace. This means REAL MONEY IS INVOLVED. If you would simply like to test your HIT, see the Sandbox section below.
I recommend using a Jupyter Notebook to execute the following code. This part will allow Python to reference your MTurk account:
import boto3
import xmltodict
mturk = boto3.client('mturk',
aws_access_key_id = "YOUR ID HERE",
aws_secret_access_key = "YOUR KEY HERE",
region_name='us-east-1'
)
Then, run this code to create a HIT using the .xml
file you created earlier and filling in all necessary variables:
question = open('YOUR_XML_FILE_NAME.xml',mode='r').read()
new_hit = mturk.create_hit(
Title = 'YOUR STUDY TITLE',
Description = 'YOUR STUDY DESCRIPTION',
Keywords = 'YOUR KEYWORDS',
Reward = 'YOUR HIT PAY',
MaxAssignments = 'NUMBER OF SUBJECTS',
LifetimeInSeconds = 'TIME BEFORE HIT EXPIRES',
AssignmentDurationInSeconds = 'TIME TO COMPLETE HIT',
AutoApprovalDelayInSeconds = 'TIME BEFORE HIT WORK APPROVED',
Question = question
)
print("A new HIT has been created. You can preview it here:")
print("https://mturk.com/mturk/preview?groupId=" + new_hit['HIT']['HITGroupId'])
print("HITID = " + new_hit['HIT']['HITId'] + " (Use to Get Results)")
MTurk sandbox mode¶
Before deploying your HIT for real, it’s a good idea to run it in sandbox mode. The process of creating a sandbox HIT is very similar to the process of creating a real HIT:
import boto3
import xmltodict
MTURK_SANDBOX = 'https://mturk-requester-sandbox.us-east-1.amazonaws.com'
mturk_sandbox = boto3.client('mturk',
aws_access_key_id = "YOUR ID HERE",
aws_secret_access_key = "YOUR KEY HERE",
region_name='us-east-1'
endpoint_url = MTURK_SANDBOX
)
Then, run this code to create a HIT using the .xml
file you created earlier and filling in all necessary variables:
question = open('YOUR_XML_FILE_NAME.xml',mode='r').read()
new_hit = mturk_sandbox.create_hit(
Title = 'YOUR STUDY TITLE',
Description = 'YOUR STUDY DESCRIPTION',
Keywords = 'YOUR KEYWORDS',
Reward = 'YOUR HIT PAY',
MaxAssignments = 'NUMBER OF SUBJECTS',
LifetimeInSeconds = 'TIME BEFORE HIT EXPIRES',
AssignmentDurationInSeconds = 'TIME TO COMPLETE HIT',
AutoApprovalDelayInSeconds = 'TIME BEFORE HIT WORK APPROVED',
Question = question
)
print("A new HIT has been created. You can preview it here:")
print("https://workersandbox.mturk.com/mturk/preview?groupId=" + new_hit['HIT']['HITGroupId'])
print("HITID = " + new_hit['HIT']['HITId'] + " (Use to Get Results)")
See the boto3 docs for more information on how to control your HITs via Python.


{% extends '_layouts/layout.html' %} {% block page_title %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Enter your postcode to find the right person to call you back.
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{{ error.postcode }}


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A list of open source tools that can help people accomplish Drupal related tasks. Based on a collaboration list on Google Sheets.


Music to your ears
One of the best wireless gaming headsets on the market is on sale for Black Friday
I never used to use gaming headsets until about a year ago, and now I can't get enough of them.
by Jennifer LockeOut of all the headsets that I've had the privileged of trying or owning, I don't think it's an understatement to say that the Astro A50 is one of the very best.
Astro makes top-of-the-line gaming peripherals and stands toe-to-toe with its competitors like Razer and Turtle Beach. I've had a few Razer headsets of my own, and while I adore my Razer Kraken X, I don't think anything's as good as the Astro A50. After just trying it out one time, I was hooked. It's hard to find comfortable headsets with my glasses. Many of them tend to put too much pressure on the sides of my head or weigh too much and end of giving me a headache. I liked the Razer Kraken X because it solved these problems for me. I never imagined that the Astro A50 could solve these as well considering it looks a bit bulky, but it does.
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Once you try it on for yourself, you'll understand why it earned the title of Best PC Gaming Headset from us this year. And it makes for a stellar PS4 headset as well. It's usually a hefty $300, making it a difficult sell to people who want something a bit less expensive. It's still set you back a chunk of money today, but it's much more in-line with prices of other wireless headsets today. And with the extra $60 you're saving, you can probably go and buy a couple of games on sale to go with your brand new headset.
You can buy the 2017 model of this headset for about $30 less than the 2019 model, but it's worth the extra money for the 2019 model because it has improved audio drivers. Other than that, there isn't a huge difference between the two. When it comes to audio, you shouldn't give your ears anything less than the best.
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1. Introduction
OPeNDAP is the developer of client/server software, of the same name, that enables scientists to share data more easily over the internet. The OPeNDAP group is also the original developer of the Data Access Protocol (DAP) that the software uses. Many other groups have adopted DAP and provide compatible clients, servers, and SDKs. OPeNDAP’s DAP is also a NASA community standard. For the rest of this document, "OPeNDAP" will refer to the software.
With OPeNDAP, you can access data using an OPeNDAP URL of any database server that supports OPeNDAP. You can do this via command-line, Intenet browser, or a custom UI. Note that OPeNDAP data is, by default, stored and transmitted in binary form. OPeNDAP can return data in the following formats: NetCDF, GeoTIFF, JPEG2000, JSON, ASCII.
Ways that OPeNDAP supports getting data: NetCDF, GeoTIFF, JPEG2000, JSON, ASCII
This quick start guide covers how to use OPeNDAP in a typical web browser, such as Firefox, Chrome, or Safari, to discover information about data that is useful when creating database queries. For additional information, see the OPeNDAP USer Guide.
1.1. Key Terms
-
Constraint Expressions: Criteria that limits what data is returned from a database. Because most databases will have far more data than you want, you’ll want to find out something out about the data and then use that information to constrain your queries.
-
DAS (Data Attribute Structure): Similar to a DDS but contains information about the data, such as units and the name of the variable.
-
DAP (Data Access Protocol): A data transmission protocol designed by OPeNDAP specifically for science data. The protocol relies on the widely used and stable HTTP and MIME standards and provides data types to accommodate gridded data, relational data, and time series, as well as allowing users to define their own data types.
-
DDS (Dataset Descriptor Structure): Provides a description of the "shape" of data in a database, using a vaguely C-like syntax.
-
Hyrax: The server half of OPeNDAP, developed by the OPeNDAP group.
-
OPeNDAP URL An OPeNDAP URL is a URL that enables you to access data on a database server on which OPeNDAP is implemented. An OPeNDAP URL will include "opendap.org" in its path.
2. What to do With an OPeNDAP URL
Suppose someone gives you a hot tip that there is a lot of good data at…
http://test.opendap.org/dap/data/nc/sst.mnmean.nc.gz
This URL points to monthly means of sea surface temperature, worldwide, compiled by Richard Reynolds of the Climate Modeling branch of NOAA.
The simplest thing you can is to download the data to which the URL points. You could feed it to an OPeNDAP-enabled data analysis package, like Ferret, or you could append .ascii and feed the URL to a regular web browser. However, this approach would not be less than ideal because there is a large quanitity of data that you probably would not want at that URL. Instead, you will want to learn something about the type of data comprised by the database and then use contrained queries to retrieve only the data you need.
| Because you will rarely want to request an entire archive, OPeNDAP provides sophisticated sub-sampling capabilities, and you need to know something about the data in order to use them. |
2.1. An Easy Way: Using the Browser-Based OPeNDAP Server Dataset Access Form
OPeNDAP includes a way to sample data that makes writing a constraint expression somewhat easier than using only a URL to do the same thing. Append .html to an OPeNDAP URL, and you will get an OPeNDAP Server Dataset Access Form that simplifies the process for sampling data.
| As you read this section, it would be useful to have an OPeNDAP Server Dataset Access Form open. Click here for a live OPeNDAP Dataset Access Form |
The OPeNDAP Server Dataset Access Form has four main sections:
-
Actions: Use these controls after you have defined your variables:
-
Click Get ASCII, and the data request will appear in a browser window, in comma-separated form.
-
Click Binary (DAP) Object to save a binary data file on your local disk.
-
Click Get as NetCDF to save the file in netCDF format on your local disk. (You can read either of these later with several OPeNDAP clients, by entering the file path instead of a URL.)
-
-
Data URL: This is the OPeNDAP URL connected to the data that we are interested in, but it is "unsampled" (that is, there is no constraint expression on it.
-
Global Attributes: This information is only for refernce.
-
Variables: This is the most important part of the page. For each variable in the dataset, you will see the data description (something like "Array of 32 bit Reals [lat = 0..88]"), a checkbox, a text input box, and a list of the variable’s attributes. If you click the checkbox, you will see the variable’s array bounds appear in the text box, and you will see the variable appear in a constraint expression appended to the Data URL at the top of the page. If you edit the array bounds in the text box, press enter to place your edits in the Data URL box. Move on down the variable list, editing your request, and experiment by adding and changing variable requests. When you have a request you would like to make, use the Actions buttons at the top of the page.
| You will see a "stride" mentioned. This is another way to subsample an OPeNDAP array or grid. Asking for lat[0:4] gets you the first five members of the lat array. Adding a stride value allows you to skip array values. Asking for lat[0:2:10] gets you every second array value between 0 and 10: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10. |
The OPeNDAP Server Dataset Access Form works for sequence data as well as grids. However, since sequence constraint expressions look different from grid expressions, the form also looks slightly different. The variable selection boxes allow you to enter relational expressions for each variable. Apart from that, the function is exactly the same.
Click here to see a live "sequence" form. Click the checkboxes to choose which data types you want returned, and then add constraint expressions as desired. The data file contains a day’s record of changing water properties off a dock in Rhode Island. If you click the Depth and Time boxes (as in the figure), you will get a record of the tide going in and out twice. You can add conditions by entering values in the text boxes. See what you get when you limit the selection to records where the Depth is greater than 2 meters.
2.2. A More Flexible Way: Using Commands in a Browser
If you would perfer to not use the OPeNDAP Server Data Access Form, you can use just a browser instead. This section describes how to do that.
OPeNDAP has sophisticated methods for subsampling data at a remote site, but you need some information about the data first. First, we will look at data’s Dataset Descriptor Structure (DDS). This provides a description of the "shape" of the data, using a vaguely C-like syntax. You get a dataset’s DDS by appending .dds to the URL. Click here to see an example of an OPeNDAP DDS at sst.mnmean.nc.gz.dds. The DDS looks like this:
From the sst.mnmean.nc.gz DDS, you can see that the dataset consists of two different pieces:
-
A "Grid" comprising a three-dimensional array of integer values (Int16) called sst; and three "Map" vectors:
-
A 89-element vector called "lat",
-
A 180-element vector called "lon",
-
A 1857-element vector called "time", and
-
-
A 1857 by 2 array called "time_bnds".
The Grid is a special OPeNDAP data type that includes a multidimensional array and map vectors that indicate independent variable values. That is, you can use a Grid to store an array in which rows appear in irregular intervals. Here is a diagram of a simple grid:
The array part of the grid (like sst in the example above) contains the data points measured at each one of the squares. The X map vector contains the horizontal positions of the columns (like the lon vector above). The Y map vector contains the vertical positions of the rows (like the lat vector above).
You can also use a grid to store arrays in which the columns and rows occur at regular intervals. You will often see OPeNDAP data stored in this way.
(The other special OPeNDAP data type worth considering is the Sequence . You will see more about this later. There are also Structures for representing arbitrary hierarchies.)
You can see from the DDS that the Reynolds data is in a 89x180x1857 element grid, and the dimensions of the Grid are called "lat", "lon", and "time". This is suggestive, but not as helpful as one could wish. To find out more about what the data is, you can look at the other important OPeNDAP structure: the Data Attribute Structure (DAS). This structure is somewhat similar to the DDS but contains information about the data, such as units and the name of the variable. Part of the DAS for the Reynolds data taht we saw above is shown in the figure below. Click sst.mnmean.nc.gz.das to see the rest of it.
| Unlike the DDS, the DAS is populated at the data provider’s discretion. Consequently, the quality of the data in it (the "metadata") varies widely. The data in the Reynolds dataset used in this example are COARDS compliant. Other metadata standards you may encounter with OPeNDAP data are HDF-EOS, EPIC, FGDC, or no metadata at all. |
We can now understand the data better. Apparently the lat vector contains latitude, in degrees north, and the range is from 89.5 to -89.5. Since this is a global grid, the latitude values probably go in order. We can check this by asking for just the latitude vector, as in the following:
http://test.opendap.org/dap/data/nc/sst.mnmean.nc.gz.ascii?lat
What we have done here is to append a constraint expression to the OPeNDAP URL, to indicate how to constrain our request for data. Constraint expressions can take many forms. This guide will only describe a few of them. (You can refer to the OPeNDAP User Guide for more complete information about constraint expressions.) Try requesting the time and longitude vectors to see how this works.
According to the DAS, time is kept in "days since 1800-1-1 00:00:00" in this dataset. This DAS also contains the actual time period recorded in the data (19723 to 76214) which, because of your familiarity with the Julian calendar, you instantly recognize as beginning January 1, 1854.
OPeNDAP provides an info service that returns, in a single request, all the data we have seen so far. The returned data is also formatted differently, and you can occasionally find server-specific documentation here, as well. Some will find this the easiest way to read the attribute and structure information described above. You can see what information is available by appending .info to a URL, like this:
http://test.opendap.org/dap/data/nc/sst.mnmean.nc.gz.info
2.2.1. Peeking at Data
Now that we know a little about the shape of the data and the data attributes, we will look at some of the data.
You can request a piece of an array with subscripts, just like in a C program, Matlab, or many other computer languages. Use a colon to indicate a subscript range. For example, http://test.opendap.org/dap/data/nc/sst.mnmean.nc.gz.ascii?time%5b0:6%5d will produce a time vecor that looks like this:
If you are interested in the Reynolds dataset, you are probably more interested in the sea surface temperature data than the dependent variable vectors. The temperature data is a three-dimensional grid. To sample the sst grid, you just add a dimension for time: "…sst/mnmean.nc.ascii?sst[0:1][13:16][103:105]". Click here to see this example in action. You will see something like this:
Notice that when you ask for part of an OPeNDAP grid, you get the array part along with the corresponding parts of the map vectors.
One potentially confusing thing about our request is that we requested the time, latitude, and longitude by their position in the map vectors, but in the returned information they are referenced by their values. That is, we asked for the 0th and 1st time values, but these are 19723 and 19754. We also asked for the 103rd, 104th, and 105th longitude values, but these are 206, 208, and 210 degrees, respectively. The value 434 in the return can be referenced as "…sst/mnmean.nc.ascii?sst[1][15][103]". Click here to see this in action.
Note that the sst values are in Celsius degrees multiplied by 100, as indicated by the scale_factor attribute of the DAS. Further, it’s important to remember that with this dataset the data were obtained by calculating spatial and temporal means. Consequently, the data points in the sst array should be ignored when the value is the missing data flag (32767) as these pixels are probably coincident with land (although there can be other reasons for missing data).
Server Functions: Looking at Geo-Referenced Data Using Hyrax
There are a number of different DAP servers that have been developed by different organizations. Hyrax, the DAP server developed by the OPeNDAP group, supports access to geo-referenced data using lat/lon coordinates. You probably noticed that the array and grid indexes used so far are not very intuitive. You can see the data are global and are indexed by latitude and longitude, but in the previous example we first looked at the lat and lon vectors, saw which indexes corresponded to which real-world locations, and then made our accesses using those indexes.
Hyrax supports a small set of functions which can perform these look-up operations for you. For example, we could rewrite the example above like this: "…mnmean.nc.gz.ascii?geogrid(sst,62,206,56,210,"19722<time<19755")". Click here to see this in action. The results look like this:
The Syntax for geogrid()
is: "geogrid(grid variable, upper latitude, left longitude, lower latitude,
right longitude, other expressions)", ehere other expressions must be enclosed in double quotes, and can be one of these forms:
-
variable relop value
-
value relop variable
-
value relop variable relop value
Relop stands for one of the relational operators: <,>,⇐,>=,=,!=. Value stands for a numeric constant, and Variable must be the name of one of the grid dimensions. You can use multiple clauses by separating them with commas, but each clause must be surrounded by double quotes. For example, the following is yet another way to get the same return data as the above example:
You can figure out which functions are supported by Hyrax by calling the server function version(). This will return an XML document that shows each registered function and its version.
To find out how to call each function, you can call it with an empty parameter list and get some documentation for that function. For example, try …?geogrid().
Creating Server Function Pipelines
Server functions can be composed to form pipelines, feeding the value of one function to another. Since the values in this data set are scaled up by a factor of 100, we can use the linear_scale() function to scale the result using…
y = mx + b
…where m is the scale factor and b offset. The linear_scale() function syntax is:
-
linear_scale(variable, scale factor, offset)
-
linear_scale(variable)
Use the first form when you want to specify m and b explicitly or the second form when Hyrax can guess the values using data set metadata. (Note: You will get an error if the server cannot figure out value to use). For example,
…nc.gz.ascii?linear_scale(geogrid(sst,78,0,56,10,"time=19723"),0.01,0) produces the following:
2.2.2. Working With Sequence Data
Gridded data works well for satellite images, model data, and data compilations such as the Reynolds data we have just looked at. Other data, such as data measured at a specific site, are not so readily stored in that form. OPeNDAP provides a data type called a "sequence" to store this kind of data.
A sequence can be thought of as a relational data table, with each column representing a different data variable, and each row representing a different measurement of a set of values (also called an "instance"). For example, an ocean temperature profile can be stored as a Sequence with two columns: pressure and temperature. Each measurement is a pressure and a temperature and is contained in one row. A weather station’s data can be stored as a sequence with time in one column and each weather variable in another column. You can find a good example of a sequence at http://test.opendap.org/dap/data/ff/gsodock.dat
This is a 24-hour record of measurements at a weather station on a dock in Rhode Island. Each record consists of a dozen different variables, including air temperature, wind speed, and direction, as well as depth, temperature, and water salinity The data is arranged into 144 measurements of each of the twelve variables.
Ask for the DDS, and you will see the twelve variables, all contained in a Sequence called URI_GSO-Dock:
The DAS contains the units for each data type and some additional information:
To select the data you want from a server, use a constraint expression, just as you did with the gridded data above. Now, though, the constraint contains two kinds of clauses. One is a list of variables you wish to have returned, and the other is the conditions under which they should be returned. The first is called the projection clause and the second the selection clause. For example, if you want to see salinity data read after noon that day, try this:
Selection clauses can be stacked endlessly against a projection clause, allowing all the flexibility most people need to sample data files. Here is an example of applying two conditions:
Try it yourself with three or four conditions or more.
3. Finding OPeNDAP URLs
Data often comes in the form of a URL enclosed in an email message, and there are several other ways to find data served by OPeNDAP servers.
3.1. GCMD
The Global Change Master Directory provides a huge amount of earth science data and catalogs OPeNDAP URLs for the datasets that have them. You can search on "OPeNDAP" from the main page to find many of these datasets.
If you make that search, check the list for the Reynolds data; it should be there.
3.2. Web Interface
Many sites that serve one OPeNDAP dataset also serve others. The OPeNDAP web interface (if it is enabled by the site) allows you to check the directory structure for other datasets. For example, we will look at the Reynolds data we saw previously: http://test.opendap.org/dap/data/nc/sst.mnmean.nc.gz.html
If we use the same URL, but without the file name at the end, we can browse the directory of data: http://test.opendap.org/dap/data/nc/
The OPeNDAP server checks to see whether the URL is a directory, and if it is, it generates a directory listing, like this:
You can see from the directory listing that the monthly mean dataset that we have been looking at is accompanied by a host of other datasets. The site you are looking at is our test data sit. We use these datasets to run many of our nightly tests. All of the files in the the /data/nc directory are stored in NetCDF files; other directories under /data hold data stored in other file types.
Note: In general, this list is produced by an OPeNDAP server and this feature works on all servers. However, it only really understands OPeNDAP data files, so other file types will simply be sent without any interpretation. This can be useful if the 'other file' happens to be a README or other documentation file since this makes it simple to serve data stored in files and documented using plain text files. Essentially, the person or organization providing data does not need to do anything besides installing the server (Hyrax).
3.3. File Servers
Some datasets that you will find are actually lists of other datasets. These are called file servers and are themselves OPeNDAP datasets, organized as a Sequence, containing URLs with some other identifying data (often time). You can request the entire dataset or subsample it just like any other OPeNDAP dataset.
NASA’s atmospheric composition data information services maintains some OPeNDAP file servers:
Try selecting one of the datasets listed in the above, and look at the DDS and DAS of that dataset. You will see it is a list of OPeNDAP URLs (called DODS_URL here), labeled with the date of measurement. If you go to the html form for one of them, and click on the DODS_URL checkbox to get a list of URLs, and then add some conditions (try limiting the files to data from 2003), and click Get ASCII. Now you can cut and paste the resulting URLs to get more data.
4. Further Analysis
This guide is about forming an OPeNDAP URL. After you have figured out how to request the data, there are a variety of things you can do with it. (OPeNDAP software mentioned here is available from the OPeNDAP Home Page.)
-
Use a generic web client like geturl (a standard part of the OPeNDAP package) or free programs such as wget, curl or Chrome to download data into a local data file. To be able to use the data further, you will probably have to download the ASCII version by using the .ascii suffix on the URL, as in the examples shown above.
-
Any tool that uses the C NetCDF API will work with OPeNDAP. For example, Matlab has built-in support for OPeNDAP; Matlab supported NetCDF calls can be used with DAP datasets. Other tools that are built on NetCDF API also read data from OPeNDAP servers. A free tool similar to Matlab, GNU Octave, is also supported. The R Project for Statistical Computing can also read data from OPeNDAP servers. The Ferret and GrADS free data analysis packages both support OPeNDAP. You can use these for dowloading OPeNDAP data and for examining it afterwards. (There are limitations. For example, Ferret may not be able to read datasets served as Sequence data.)
-
Other tools, that are Java NetCDF compliant, also function with OPeNDAP clients; for example, IDV and Panoply.
-
If you have written a C NetCDF or Java NetCDF compliant data analysis program, you can probably read data from OPeNDAP servers.
The use of these clients, like the ways in which you can analyze the data you find, is beyond the scope of this document.


Random scale-free Networks Analysis
Method
- We generate the scale-free topology
.sif
files with the script random_topo_gen.R - implementation was based on the BoolNet R package (Müssel, Hopfensitz, and Kestler 2010). The input degree distribution of the scale-free networks follows Riemann’s Zeta function (Aldana and Goldstein 2003). The.sif
files for the different \(\gamma\)’s are stored in the respective GitHub data directory. - We use the abmlog software (version
1.6.1
) to produce every possible link operator parameterized Boolean model (“AND-NOT” vs “OR-NOT”) out of every topology file created in the previous step. The more link operator equations the network topology has (target nodes with both activating and inhibiting regulators) the more Boolean models are generated (see script run_abmlog_topology_files.sh). The Boolean model dataset is available in Zenodo: - We analyze the data from all the abmlog-produced models, compare stable state and link operator assignment and produce agreement statistics (see script get_scale_free_model_stats.R)
Most of the scale-free networks studied in literature have \(\gamma\in[2,2.5]\) - see Fig. 5 in (Aldana and Goldstein 2003).
Topology Stats
Some statistics on the scale-free network topologies produced (see scale_free_figs.R):
knitr::include_graphics(path = "img/lo_eq_density.png")
knitr::include_graphics(path = "img/max_reg_density.png")
- \(\gamma=2\) provides networks with statistically more link operator nodes (targeted by both positive and negative regulators) and thus these topologies will produce more Boolean models via
abmlog
, so more stable state data to compare with the respective parameterization. - We also observe for both \(\gamma\)’s the presence of link operator nodes with high numbers of regulators which is exactly what we needed from the dataset to test if the standardized regulatory functions are biased or not.
- \(\gamma=2\) also provides networks with statistically higher in-degree for the largest hub-nodes and thus present better candidates for testing the truth density bias of the standardized Boolean regulatory functions, which manifests especially for nodes with high input-degree (e.g. \(\ge 8\))
Boolean Model Stats
Some statistics regarding the abmlog-produced Boolean models and their respective stable states:
knitr::include_graphics(path = "img/ss_dist.png")
knitr::include_graphics(path = "img/ss_dist_total_sum.png")
- More stable state data for \(\gamma=2\), even though we had \(\times10\) more scale-free networks produced with \(\gamma=2.5\).
- \(\approx 50\%\) of the scale-free topologies that pass through
abmlog
and produce all possible link operator parameterized Boolean models, do not have any model with a stable state.
Parameterization vs Activity
sf_stats_g2_5 = readRDS(file = "data/sf_stats_gamma2.5.rds")
sf_stats_g2 = readRDS(file = "data/sf_stats_gamma2.rds")
We will organize the link operator nodes on separate groups based on the number of regulators they have and compare nodes coming from different-\(\gamma\) scale-free topologies in separate sections/figures.
For the agreement statistics we will use the percent agreement and Cohen’s \(\kappa\) as before (see note).
Results for networks with \(\gamma = 2\)
sf_stats_g2 =
sf_stats_g2 %>% mutate(reg_group = factor(case_when(
num_reg %in% 2:3 ~ "2-3",
num_reg %in% 4:6 ~ "4-6",
num_reg %in% 7:10 ~ "7-10",
num_reg %in% 11:14 ~ "11-14",
num_reg %in% 15:20 ~ "15-20",
TRUE ~ ">20"), levels = c("2-3", "4-6", "7-10", "11-14", "15-20", ">20")))
sf_stats_g2 %>%
ggplot(aes(x = reg_group, y = percent_agreement, fill = reg_group)) +
geom_boxplot(show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent, limits = c(0,1)) +
labs(title = latex2exp::TeX("Parameterization and Stable State Agreement ($\\gamma$ = 2)"),
x = "Number of Regulators", y = "Percent Agreement") +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0.5, linetype = 'dashed', color = "red") +
theme_classic(base_size = 14) +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 15))
sf_stats_g2 %>%
ggplot(aes(x = reg_group, y = cohen_k, fill = reg_group)) +
geom_boxplot(show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0,1)) +
labs(title = latex2exp::TeX("Parameterization and Stable State Agreement ($\\gamma$ = 2)"),
x = "Number of Regulators", y = latex2exp::TeX("Cohen's $\\kappa$")) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0.6, linetype = 'dashed', color = "red") +
geom_text(aes(x = 6, y = 0.55), label=latex2exp::TeX("$\\kappa$ = 0.6")) +
theme_classic(base_size = 14) +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 15))
Results for networks with \(\gamma = 2.5\)
sf_stats_g2_5 = sf_stats_g2_5 %>% mutate(reg_group = factor(case_when(
num_reg %in% 2:3 ~ "2-3",
num_reg %in% 4:6 ~ "4-6",
num_reg %in% 7:10 ~ "7-10",
num_reg %in% 11:14 ~ "11-14",
num_reg %in% 15:20 ~ "15-20",
TRUE ~ ">20"), levels = c("2-3", "4-6", "7-10", "11-14", "15-20", ">20")))
sf_stats_g2_5 %>%
ggplot(aes(x = reg_group, y = percent_agreement, fill = reg_group)) +
geom_boxplot(show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent, limits = c(0,1)) +
labs(title = latex2exp::TeX("Parameterization and Stable State Agreement ($\\gamma$ = 2.5)"),
x = "Number of Regulators", y = "Percent Agreement") +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0.5, linetype = 'dashed', color = "red") +
theme_classic(base_size = 14) +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 15), plot.title = element_text(size = 16))
sf_stats_g2_5 %>%
ggplot(aes(x = reg_group, y = cohen_k, fill = reg_group)) +
geom_boxplot(show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0,1)) +
labs(title = latex2exp::TeX("Parameterization and Stable State Agreement ($\\gamma$ = 2.5)"), x = "Number of Regulators", y = latex2exp::TeX("Cohen's $\\kappa$")) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0.6, linetype = 'dashed', color = "red") +
geom_text(aes(x = 6, y = 0.55), label=latex2exp::TeX("$\\kappa$ = 0.6")) +
theme_classic(base_size = 14) +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 15), plot.title = element_text(size = 16))
Results for both \(\gamma\)’s show the same thing: the higher the number of regulators, the more biased the Boolean link operator function result is.
Specifically, for both \(\gamma\)’s, we observe that for \(n>7-10\) regulators, assigning a node the “AND-NOT” link operator in its corresponding equation, results in it having a stable state equal to \(0\) and vice-versa for the “OR-NOT” case.


SH1 re-open following serious crash, Hikurangi
by New Zealand Police"SH1 re-open following serious crash, Hikurangi "
SH1 has re-opened following a crash around 1:20pm south of Hikurangi.
Four people were reported to have sustained serious injuries, and three moderate injuries.
An investigation will be carried out into the circumstances of the crash.
ENDS


BusMall
This information will be used to select the most popular items to sell in our in-ride magazine
Select an image you would be most likely to purchase


This R package provides functionality for quality control processing, statistical analysis and visualization of mass spectrometry (MS) omics data, in particular proteomic (either at the peptide or the protein level), lipidomic, and metabolomic data. This includes data transformation, specification of groups that are to be compared against each other, filtering of feature and/or samples, data normalization, and data summarization (correlation, PCA). Example data to be used with this packages can be found in pmartRdata.
devtools::install_github("pmartR/pmartR")
It’s been noted here https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51257009/is-rtools-incompatible-with-r-version-3-5-1 that there are issues with Rtools for R version 3.5.1.
If you run into the same problem when trying to install using devtools::install_github()
and the suggested fix in the above link does not work, you can clone or download the pmartR library to your computer and install it locally.
To get started, see the package documentation and function reference located here.
Example peptide, protein, metabolite and lipid data are available in the pmartRdata package available on Github, here


Twisted.Web2 Documentation
Introduction
- Introduction - A brief
introduction to what twisted.web2 is and what it is capable
of.
Deployment
- Deployment - outlines various
methods of deployment including behind mod_proxy, and
scgi
- Deployment with mktap - The
easiest way to deploy Web2. This is for people new to Twisted
Web programming or who just want to put up a simple static
server.
APIs and Design principals
- Headers - A detailed explanation
of how twisted.web2 parses and generates many HTTP
headers.
- Resource APIs - The basic
APIs involved in building a dynamic resource.
- Object Traversal - A
detailed explanation of how Twisted.Web2 finds Resources as
specified by a URL
- Authentication - The
APIs involved with HTTP Authentication and how to use them.


tests.manage module¶
Tests for the file_helper.manage module
-
class
tests.manage.
FindFileReTestCase
(methodName='runTest')[source]¶ Bases:
tests.BaseTest.BaseTest
manage.find_file_re() test cases
-
test_this_dir
()[source]¶ Test if the current working directory can be found by searching its parent directory
-
test_this_dir_recurse
()[source]¶ Test if the current working directory can be found by searching its parent’s parent directory
-
-
class
tests.manage.
FindFileTestCase
(methodName='runTest')[source]¶ Bases:
tests.BaseTest.BaseTest
manage.find_file() test cases
-
test_this_dir
()[source]¶ Test if the current working directory can be found by searching its parent directory
-
test_this_dir_recurse
()[source]¶ Test if the current working directory can be found by searching its parent’s parent directory
-
-
class
tests.manage.
ListDirTestCase
(methodName='runTest')[source]¶ Bases:
tests.BaseTest.BaseTest
manage.list_dir() test cases
-
test_this_dir
()[source]¶ Test if the current working directory can be found by searching its parent directory
-


It takes about 5 minutes to complete and you can start collecting prescriptions straight away. You will need your bank or payment card details depending on how you want to pay.
It takes about 5 minutes to complete and you can start collecting prescriptions straight away. You will need your bank or payment card details depending on how you want to pay.


CSS Positioning - 10/18/2015
The differences between static, relative, absolute, and fixed
At the beginning of Week 3, we were prompted to watch a couple videos on CSS. One was over an hour long, and was a presentation entitled "CSS Sucks," subtitled "Life is Hell." While humorous, I didn't take the title too seriously. Hyperbole, I figured, for laughs.
How wrong I was.
One thing I wish I knew going in to CSS was the struggles of positioning. I do not know what my peers would consider the hardest part of working with CSS, but for me, this was definitley the trickiest. Unlike HTML, there are no simple tags for positioning. Rather, we have things like margin, border, and padding, as well as another category of positioning elements: static, relative, absollute, and fixed. I used the latter the most when structuring my site, for better or for worse. I am glad that I was able to figure out what all of these terms mean and what they to help structure the webpage. Whether or not what I did follows best practices, I'm not sure. But this is how these four elements work.
Static
I think that static positioning is the easiest to understand. It does what it says; it's static. This means that it won't move about the page, even if you instruct it to using commands like top, bottom, left, or right. The other nice thing about static positioning is that it is the default status of any element. You don't have to remember to set something to static, you just need to remember to specify something else if you want the element to move.
This is what the code looks like. Just for clarity's sake, I added the position:static; code to the elements. I also made sure they are different sizes, in order to really deliniate them from one another.
And this is the result on our sample page:
As you can see, the pictures align rather nicely on the page. They are following the general flow of the website with no directions. However, if I wanted to move them about the page, nothing would happen because first and foremost, they have been instructed to remain static.
Relative
Relatively positioned elements behave quite similarly to static ones. However, they can be moved using commands such as top, bottom, left, and right.
Okay! So we can move the images about the page. For the example, I just moved them left and right, so you could really evidently tell that they are moving about. This is what I did to the code:
I changed the postition to relative, and then moved them left or right. This can also be applied to moving the images up or down on the page.
It is important to note how the kittens are moving, which is relative to how they would be positioned if they remained static, hence the name. The specifications I gave had them move ems relative to where they would have been, rather than moving in relation to one another. This is helpful for making slight adjustments, but there is a different way to specify where exactly on the page you want them to go, relative to nothing.
Absolute
This is a way of specifying the absolute, exact place you want your elements to be, using directions. This is a much more exact and precise way to place your elements because they aren't being positioned based on the pre-existing position of anything else. In relative, they were moving relative to themselves. Here, we can tell them exactly where to go.
Hooray! They can go anwyere about the page! You probably don't want them to do this, but they could even cover up the header, the footer, or one another. Here's what the code looks like for the image above:
Fixed
Fixed is handy when you want something to stay on the page, no matter what. When you scroll, it will remain in the same place on the page. It is sort of hard to demonstrate what this looks like through a screenshot, but if you've ever been on a webpage that had a navigation bar that followed you down a page while you scrolled, that was fixed positioning. Here is (sort of) what it looks like while scrolling.
As you can see, the kitten follows you all down the page, over the text that I copied about kittens from Wikipedia.
And this is what the code for that image looks like:
Conclusion
Those are four ways to move things about the page, depending on where you want them to go and what purpose you want them to serve. Static follows the flow of the page and is the default setting. Relative moves things relative to where they would be if they remained static. Absolute is a way of placing something exactly where you want to go on the page, regarless of where it would be statically, and fixed stays in the same spot on the page, even when the page is scrolled or moved around.


Buy More Time!
Setup
Access Token
Round Up My Payments
Max Tax (per month)!
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Save!


| 1-24-2020 |
Lambert Time Trail (FAT) |
Lambert HS |
4:00PM |
|
| 2-9-2020 |
TFCUSA Indoor National Championship |
Crossplex Birmingham, AL |
8:00 AM |
|
| 2-13-2020 |
North Gwinnett Time Trail |
North Gwinnett HS |
4:00 PM |
|
| 2-20-2020 |
George Walton Academy (FAT) |
George Walton HS |
4:00 PM |
|
| 2-29-2020 |
Lanier Longhorns The “Herd” (FAT) |
Lanier HS |
8:00 AM |
|
| 3-3-2020 |
Habersham Home Meet (FAT) |
Habersham HS |
4:00 PM |
|
| 3-7-2020 |
Jerry Arnold Invtl (V-2 per) |
Mill Creek HS |
8:00 AM |
|
| 3-11-2020 |
Lanier Longhorns Welcome to the Ranch |
Lanier HS |
4:00 PM |
|
| 3-21-2020 - 3-23-2020 |
Gwinnett County Championships (ALL) |
Mill Creek HS |
TBA |
|
| 3-27-2020 |
Rumble In The Jungle |
Parkview HS |
4:00 PM |
|
| 4-8-2020 |
Lanier HS Fast & Furious IV Senior Night (V-2 per) |
Lanier HS |
4:00 PM |
|
| 4-15-2020 |
Apalachee Region Tune Up |
Apalachee HS |
4:00 PM |
|
| 4-21-2020 |
8AAAAAA Region Track Championship |
Apalachee HS |
5:00 PM |
|
| 4-22-2020 |
8AAAAAA Region Track Championship |
Apalachee HS |
2:00 PM |
|
| 4-23-2020 |
8AAAAAA Region Track Championship |
Apalachee HS |
5:00 PM |
|
| 4-23-2020 |
8AAAAAA Sectional Meet |
Winder Barrow, GA |
TBA |
|
| 4-23-2020 |
8AAAAAA Georgia State Track Championship |
Apalachee HS |
12:00 PM |
|
| 4-23-2020 |
8AAAAAA Georgia State Track Championship |
Apalachee HS |
12:00 PM |
|
| 4-23-2020 |
8AAAAAA Georgia State Track Championship |
Apalachee HS |
12:00 PM |
|


Video
River Trail
With
Video
Webcam
River Trail
Seq
FPS
Sepia
Lighten
Desaturate
Color Adjust
Edge Detect
Sharpen
Face Detect
3D


---
layout: default
title: Feathers and eyes and dough
description: "Playground - feathers and eyes and dough"
permalink: /playground/feathers-and-eyes-and-dough/
group: playground-project
parent: playground
lang: en
language: English
thumbnail: playground-feathers-and-eyes-and-dough-2017-tile
order: 5
---
{% include image50vw.html basename="playground-feathers-and-eyes-and-dough-2017-01" alt="playground feathers and eyes and dough 2017" %}
{% include image50vw.html basename="playground-feathers-and-eyes-and-dough-2017-02" alt="playground feathers and eyes and dough 2017" %}
{% include image50vw.html basename="playground-feathers-and-eyes-and-dough-2017-03" alt="playground feathers and eyes and dough 2017" %}
{% include image50vw.html basename="playground-feathers-and-eyes-and-dough-2017-04" alt="playground feathers and eyes and dough 2017" %}
{% include image100vw.html basename="playground-feathers-and-eyes-and-dough-2017-05" alt="playground feathers and eyes and dough 2017" %}
{% include playground-tiles.html %}


Study Assessing Utility of a Clinical Questionnaire to Identify Subjects With Features of Both Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
| The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details. |
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02302417 |
|
Recruitment Status :
Completed
First Posted : November 27, 2014
Last Update Posted : September 11, 2017
|
Sponsor:
GlaxoSmithKline
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
GlaxoSmithKline
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- Results Submitted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Results Submitted - Not Posted on ClinicalTrials.gov
Results information has been submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the sponsor or investigator, but is not yet
publicly available (or "posted") on ClinicalTrials.gov. The submitted information may not be available if it is pending
Quality Control (QC) Review by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) or if issues identified during
QC review are being addressed or corrected by the sponsor or investigator. NLM's limited QC review
assesses for apparent errors, deficiencies, or inconsistencies. NLM staff do not verify the scientific
validity or relevance of the submitted information.
| Recruitment Status : | Completed |
|---|---|
| Actual Primary Completion Date : | May 1, 2015 |
| Actual Study Completion Date : | May 28, 2015 |
| Submission Cycle | Results Submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov | Results Returned after Quality Control Review |
|---|---|---|
| 1 |
September 25, 2017 (Canceled - Date Unknown) September 26, 2017 (Canceled - Date Unknown) October 9, 2017 (Canceled - Date Unknown) April 12, 2018 (Canceled on May 14, 2018) May 14, 2018 |


Access to the repository of Granatum
Please give us your name, institution, and email address (*.edu only) for access:
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--- layout: post title: How to catch freelance developers who was sleeping or not working during their shift permalink: how-to-catch-freelance-developers-who-was-sleeping-or-not-working-during-their-shift/ date: 2013-09-11 15:03:27.000000000 +08:00 categories: - coding tags: [] status: draft type: post published: false meta: _edit_last: '2' cleaned: true ---
timedoctor.com


So if I ask you this simple question: “How would you write a code to compare two strings in php?”
Let’s take a look at two most obvious answers.
str1 == str2 (Magic hashes)
<?php
$str1 = "0";
$str2 = "0e462097431906509019562988736854";
if($str1 == $str2){
echo "OMG twins!";
}else{
echo "Bieber, the king of the world";
}
?>
I cannot think of anything simpler. Surprisingly enough, the result gets to be:
OMG twins!
WTF!? Very, very weird. What happens is PHP interprets 0e as scientific notation. So our has in $str2 will be automatically casted to a numeric representation. Which representation? Yes, 0.
This is why you should never use php == operators but === instead. The identity (===) operator also checks the type of the operands, before evaluating.
A nice example of this vuln can be found in this CTF
strcmp($str1, $str2) (Array injection)
Let’s suppose now you are a smart person and are not willing to use the Equal operator. Since you have a beautiful C background, you will stick to strcmp() function. Nice! A function created to compare strings cannot should not be vulnerable when doing its job.
According to the docs:
strcmp(string $str1, string $str2) –> Returns < 0 if str1 is less than str2; > 0 if str1 is greater than str2, and 0 if they are equal.
Ok, so it means every time strcmp(str1, str2) is 0 the strings are equal. Hmmm… What if there was another what to make strcmp() 0? Well, what happens when we pass one string and one non-string parameter like an array to strcmp()? Right, it will result in a false statment and the result of strcmp() will be 0!.
<?php
$str1 = "pink";
$str2 = array("name" => "floyd");
if(strcmp($str1, $str2 == 0)){
echo "OMG twins!";
}else{
echo "Bieber, the king of the world";
}
?>
Could you see what would the result be in case we changed str2 the way it is shown above?
WARNING strcmp() expects parameter 2 to be string, array given on line number 5 OMG twins!
There it is! If we pass an array instead of a string to strcmp(), it gives a warning but evaluates the result as 0. This could be very useful for bypassing logins.


There are several Ruby AGI implementations, the best one as for now is Adhearsion. I do use it for most of my current projects, its great, but sometimes too big and it’s kind a framework that restrict flexibility a bit.
Before Adhearsion I’ve used another one, named AsteriskRuby. It does offer AGI and FastAGI connections with Asterisk, and with Rastman its possible to access AMI (Asterisk Manager Interface). Good swiss knife in combination. I love them both for simplicity, you could execute Asterisk commands get AMI events in Asterisk way, easy to troubleshoot, easy to show up for non-Ruby folks. Performance is great, no memory leaks, libraries are simple and flexible.
So back to the Questionnaire application. It were in production for long time for one small project, now I’ve decided to share with VoIP community. It’s based on AsteriskRuby gem.
Code was worked with Asterisk 1.6.x/1.8.x and Ruby 1.8.x.
How to get it working:
-
populate code on local server with Asterisk;
-
You need a filename
codes.txt
containing phone numbers and PIN codes, and few voice recordings (can get filenames and messages from the application source); -
update
extensions.conf
, point the exten to the FastAGI
And how it works:
-
for new caller system would play welcome announcement, for returned caller — “welcome back” announcement (caller authentication based on callerid number and PIN);
-
application will ask caller to enter a PIN code;
-
upon successful authentication, system will continue from last unanswered question (or will start with first question for new caller);
-
Amount of attempts is unlimited, answers and amount of calls are stored into DB.
FastAGI source code (ruby):
#!/bin/env ruby
require 'rubygems'
require 'mysql'
require 'active_record'
require 'AGIServer'
require 'AGIMenu'
require 'AGISelection'
require 'daemons'
APP_ROOT = File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__))
# Questionnaire / voting is statis and here we have a list of correct answers
CORRECT_ANSWERS = %w(2 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 3)
# database credentials
DATABASE = { :adapter => :mysql,
:encoding => :utf8,
:database => 'voip',
:pool => 250,
:connections => 12,
:username => 'voip',
:password => 'PASSWORD',
#:socket => '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid',
:host => '<IP_ADDRESS>',
:reconnect => true
}
ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection DATABASE
logger = Logger.new(STDERR)
logger.level = Logger::DEBUG
ActiveRecord::Base.logger = logger
ActiveRecord::Base.colorize_logging = true
# create AR classes and DB tables
class VoteQuestion < ActiveRecord::Base
set_primary_key :question_number
end
class Questionnaire < ActiveRecord::Base; end
# create DB tables if not exists (dirty way!)
if ! VoteQuestion.table_exists?
ActiveRecord::Schema.define do
create_table :questionnairies do |table|
table.string :pin_code, :limit => 8, :null => false
end
end
#(1..10).each do |pin_code|
File.read("#{APP_ROOT}/codes.txt").chomp.split("\n").each do |pin_code|
Questionnaire.create( :pin_code => "00000000#{pin_code.chomp}"[-8,8] )
end
ActiveRecord::Schema.define do
create_table :phone_numbers do |table|
table.integer :questionnaire_id, :default => nil
table.integer :number, :limit => 8, :unsigned => true, :null => false
table.integer :question_number, :null => false, :default => 0
table.integer :count_of_calls_made, :null => false, :default => 0
table.integer :amount_of_asked_questions, :null => false, :default => 0
table.integer :amount_of_correct_answers, :null => false, :default => 0
table.integer :total_amount_of_asked_questions, :null => false, :default => 0
table.integer :total_amount_of_correct_answers, :null => false, :default => 0
table.boolean :sms_sent, :null => false, :default => false
table.timestamps
end
add_index :phone_numbers, :number
end
ActiveRecord::Schema.define do
create_table :vote_questions, :primary_key => :question_number do |table|
table.integer :amount_of_answers, :null => false, :default => 3
table.integer :correct_answer, :null => false
end
end
(1..10).each do |question_no|
VoteQuestion.create(
:question_number => question_no,
:amount_of_answers => 3,
:correct_answer => CORRECT_ANSWERS[question_no-1].to_i
)
end
end
class PhoneNumber < ActiveRecord::Base
validates_uniqueness_of :number
end
class CallAttempt < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :phone_number
end
# AGI classes
class Farmacy < AGIRoute
# this method will be called from asteris dialplan (AGI calling) for every new inbound phone call
def vote
begin
agi.answer
AGIMenu.sounds_dir = AGISelection.sounds_dir = APP_ROOT + '/'
# prepare the IVR menu
hash = {:introduction=>["welcome", "instructions"],
:conclusion=>"what-is-your-choice",
:timeout=>17,
:choices=>
[{:dtmf=>"*", :audio=>["to-go-back", "press", "digits/star"]},
{:dtmf=>1, :audio=>["press", "digits/1", "for-option-1"]},
{:dtmf=>2, :audio=>["press", "digits/2", "for-option-2"]},
{:dtmf=>"#", :audio=>["or", "press", "digits/pound", "to-repeat"]}]}
# fix callerid and locate caller
e164 = agi.channel_params['callerid'].to_i
number = PhoneNumber.find_by_number(e164)
# increase calls counter for existiing in DB phone number
unless number.nil?
number.count_of_calls_made += 1
number.save
end
# create a new DB record for non-existing in DB phone number
phone_number = if number.nil?
pn = PhoneNumber.create :number => e164, :count_of_calls_made => 1
# say 'welcome' or 'welcome back' & save state of caller
pn.questionnaire_id = hello_new_caller()
pn.save
pn
# if caller is not assigned to the specific Questionnaire, ...
elsif number.questionnaire_id.nil?
# say 'welcome' or 'welcome back' & save state of caller
number.questionnaire_id = hello_new_caller()
number.save
number
else
welcome_back number.question_number == 0 ? 'Hello_repeat_nopin' : 'Hello_repeat'
number
end
agi.exec 'Playback silence/1'
ask_question :phone_number => phone_number
thanks! :phone_number => phone_number
rescue => err
puts ">>>>>> ERROR: ", err.backtrace
end
end
private
def play_ivr(ivr)
begin
menu = AGIMenu.new(ivr)
result = menu.play(:agi => agi)
result
rescue => err
puts ">>>>>> ERROR: ", err.backtrace
nil
end
end
def playback(audio, timeout = 0.5)
play_ivr :timeout => timeout, :introduction => audio,
:choices => [
{:dtmf => 1}, {:dtmf => 2}, {:dtmf => 3},
{:dtmf => 4}, {:dtmf => 5}, {:dtmf => 6},
{:dtmf => 7}, {:dtmf => 8}, {:dtmf => 9},
{:dtmf=>'*'}, {:dtmf => 0}, {:dtmf=>'#'} ]
end
def press_one_to_confirm(return_value=nil)
code = 1.upto(3) do |count|
selection = playback('Wright', 3).to_s
break return_value if selection.to_s == '1'
if count == 3 then
agi.exec "Busy 12"
agi.exec "Hangup"
break nil
end
end
end
def hello_new_caller
begin
result = 1.upto(3) do |count|
selection = if count == 1 then
AGISelection.new :audio => 'Hello', :max_digits => 8
else
AGISelection.new :audio => 'Wrong', :max_digits => 8
end
code = selection.read(:agi => agi)
questionnaire = Questionnaire.find_by_pin_code(code.to_s)
break questionnaire unless questionnaire.nil?
end
if result.class == Questionnaire
press_one_to_confirm result.id
else
agi.exec "Busy 12"
agi.exec "Hangup"
nil
end
rescue => err
puts ">>>>>> ERROR: ", err.backtrace
end
end
def welcome_back(message='Hello_repeat')
playback message
press_one_to_confirm
end
def ask_question(params={})
begin
phone_number = params[:phone_number]
question_number = phone_number.question_number + 1
question_data = VoteQuestion.find_by_question_number(question_number)
if question_data.nil? then # finalize work - no more questions
return
end
ivr_data = { :introduction => question_number, :choices => [ ], :timeout => 12 }
(1..(question_data.amount_of_answers)).each do |possible_answer|
ivr_data[:choices].push({
:dtmf => possible_answer,
:audio => "#{question_number}-#{possible_answer}"
})
end
ivr_result = play_ivr ivr_data
phone_number.question_number = question_number
phone_number.amount_of_asked_questions += 1
phone_number.total_amount_of_asked_questions += 1
if question_data.correct_answer == ivr_result.to_i
phone_number.amount_of_correct_answers += 1
phone_number.total_amount_of_correct_answers += 1
end
phone_number.save
ask_question :phone_number => phone_number
rescue => err
puts err, err.backtrace
end
end
def thanks!(params={})
phone_number = params[:phone_number]
if phone_number.amount_of_correct_answers == VoteQuestion.count then
playback 'Goodbye'
else
phone_number.question_number = 0
phone_number.amount_of_asked_questions = 0
phone_number.amount_of_correct_answers = 0
phone_number.save
playback 'Goodbye_wrong'
end
end
end
trap('INT') { AGIServer.shutdown }
trap('TERM') { AGIServer.shutdown }
begin
config = { :bind_port => 4574,
:min_workers => 5,
:max_workers => 12,
:jobs_per_worker => 2,
:stats => false,
:bind_host => '<IP_ADDRESS>',
:logger => logger
}
AgiServer = AGIServer.new config
rescue Errno::EADDRINUSE
error = "Cannot start AGI Server, address already in use."
logger.fatal(error)
print "#{error}\n"
exit
else
print "#{$$}"
end
AgiServer.start
AgiServer.finish
Good luck!