DO NOT READ THIS FILE ON GITHUB, GUIDES ARE PUBLISHED ON https://guides.rubyonrails.org.
Caching with Rails: An Overview
This guide is an introduction to speeding up your Rails
application with caching.
Caching means to store content generated during the request-response cycle and to reuse it when responding to similar requests.
Caching is often the most effective way to boost an application's performance. Through caching, websites running on a single server with a single database can sustain a load of thousands of concurrent users.
Rails
provides a set of caching features out of the box. This guide will teach
you the scope and purpose of each one of them. Master these techniques and your
Rails
applications can serve millions of views without exorbitant response times
or server bills.
After reading this guide, you will know:
- Fragment and Russian doll caching.
- How to manage the caching dependencies.
- Alternative cache stores.
- Conditional GET support.
Basic Caching
This is an introduction to three types of caching techniques: page, action and
fragment caching. By default Rails
provides fragment caching. In order to use
page and action caching you will need to add actionpack-page_caching
and
actionpack-action_caching
to your Gemfile
.
By default, caching is only enabled in your production environment. You can play
around with caching locally by running rails dev:cache
, or by setting
config.action_controller.perform_caching
to true
in config/environments/development.rb
.
NOTE: Changing the value of config.action_controller.perform_caching
will
only have an effect on the caching provided by Action Controller.
For instance, it will not impact low-level caching, that we address
below.
Page Caching
Page caching is a Rails
mechanism which allows the request for a generated page
to be fulfilled by the web server (i.e. Apache or NGINX) without having to go
through the entire Rails
stack. While this is super fast it can't be applied to
every situation (such as pages that need authentication). Also, because the
web server is serving a file directly from the filesystem you will need to
implement cache expiration.
INFO: Page Caching has been removed from Rails
4. See the actionpack-page_caching gem.
Action Caching
Page Caching cannot be used for actions that have before filters - for example, pages that require authentication. This is where Action Caching comes in. Action Caching works like Page Caching except the incoming web request hits the Rails
stack so that before filters can be run on it before the cache is served. This allows authentication and other restrictions to be run while still serving the result of the output from a cached copy.
INFO: Action Caching has been removed from Rails
4. See the actionpack-action_caching gem. See DHH's key-based cache expiration overview for the newly-preferred method.
Fragment Caching
Dynamic web applications usually build pages with a variety of components not all of which have the same caching characteristics. When different parts of the page need to be cached and expired separately you can use Fragment Caching.
Fragment Caching allows a fragment of view logic to be wrapped in a cache block and served out of the cache store when the next request comes in.
For example, if you wanted to cache each product on a page, you could use this code:
<% @products.each do |product| %>
<% cache product do %>
<%= render product %>
<% end %>
<% end %>
When your application receives its first request to this page, Rails will write a new cache entry with a unique key. A key looks something like this:
views/products/index:bea67108094918eeba42cd4a6e786901/products/1
The string of characters in the middle is a template tree digest. It is a hash digest computed based on the contents of the view fragment you are caching. If you change the view fragment (e.g., the HTML changes), the digest will change, expiring the existing file.
A cache version, derived from the product record, is stored in the cache entry. When the product is touched, the cache version changes, and any cached fragments that contain the previous version are ignored.
TIP: Cache stores like Memcached will automatically delete old cache files.
If you want to cache a fragment under certain conditions, you can use
cache_if
or cache_unless
:
<% cache_if admin?, product do %>
<%= render product %>
<% end %>
Collection Caching
The render
helper can also cache individual templates rendered for a collection.
It can even one up the previous example with each
by reading all cache
templates at once instead of one by one. This is done by passing cached: true
when rendering the collection:
<%= render partial: 'products/product', collection: @products, cached: true %>
All cached templates from previous renders will be fetched at once with much greater speed. Additionally, the templates that haven't yet been cached will be written to cache and multi fetched on the next render.
Russian Doll Caching
You may want to nest cached fragments inside other cached fragments. This is called Russian doll caching.
The advantage of Russian doll caching is that if a single product is updated, all the other inner fragments can be reused when regenerating the outer fragment.
As explained in the previous section, a cached file will expire if the value of
updated_at
changes for a record on which the cached file directly depends.
However, this will not expire any cache the fragment is nested within.
For example, take the following view:
<% cache product do %>
<%= render product.games %>
<% end %>
Which in turn renders this view:
<% cache game do %>
<%= render game %>
<% end %>
If any attribute of game is changed, the updated_at
value will be set to the
current time, thereby expiring the cache. However, because updated_at
will not be changed for the product object, that cache will not be expired and
your app will serve stale data. To fix this, we tie the models together with
the touch
method:
class Product < ApplicationRecord
has_many :games
end
class Game < ApplicationRecord
belongs_to :product, touch: true
end
With touch
set to true
, any action which changes updated_at
for a game
record will also change it for the associated product, thereby expiring the
cache.
Shared Partial Caching
It is possible to share partials and associated caching between files with different mime types. For example shared partial caching allows template writers to share a partial between HTML and JavaScript files. When templates are collected in the template resolver file paths they only include the template language extension and not the mime type. Because of this templates can be used for multiple mime types. Both HTML and JavaScript requests will respond to the following code:
render(partial: 'hotels/hotel', collection: @hotels, cached: true)
Will load a file named hotels/hotel.erb
.
Another option is to include the full filename of the partial to render.
render(partial: 'hotels/hotel.html.erb', collection: @hotels, cached: true)
Will load a file named hotels/hotel.html.erb
in any file mime type, for example you could include this partial in a JavaScript file.
Managing Dependencies
In order to correctly invalidate the cache, you need to properly define the caching dependencies. Rails is clever enough to handle common cases so you don't have to specify anything. However, sometimes, when you're dealing with custom helpers for instance, you need to explicitly define them.
Implicit Dependencies
Most template dependencies can be derived from calls to render
in the template
itself. Here are some examples of render calls that ::ActionView::Digestor
knows
how to decode:
render partial: "comments/comment", collection: commentable.comments
render "comments/comments"
render 'comments/comments'
render('comments/comments')
render "header" translates to render("comments/header")
render(@topic) translates to render("topics/topic")
render(topics) translates to render("topics/topic")
render(message.topics) translates to render("topics/topic")
On the other hand, some calls need to be changed to make caching work properly. For instance, if you're passing a custom collection, you'll need to change:
render @project.documents.where(published: true)
to:
render partial: "documents/document", collection: @project.documents.where(published: true)
Explicit Dependencies
Sometimes you'll have template dependencies that can't be derived at all. This is typically the case when rendering happens in helpers. Here's an example:
<%= render_sortable_todolists @project.todolists %>
You'll need to use a special comment format to call those out:
<%# Template Dependency: todolists/todolist %>
<%= render_sortable_todolists @project.todolists %>
In some cases, like a single table inheritance setup, you might have a bunch of explicit dependencies. Instead of writing every template out, you can use a wildcard to match any template in a directory:
<%# Template Dependency: events/* %>
<%= render_categorizable_events @person.events %>
As for collection caching, if the partial template doesn't start with a clean cache call, you can still benefit from collection caching by adding a special comment format anywhere in the template, like:
<%# Template Collection: notification %>
<% my_helper_that_calls_cache(some_arg, notification) do %>
<%= notification.name %>
<% end %>
External Dependencies
If you use a helper method, for example, inside a cached block and you then update that helper, you'll have to bump the cache as well. It doesn't really matter how you do it, but the MD5 of the template file must change. One recommendation is to simply be explicit in a comment, like:
<%# Helper Dependency Updated: Jul 28, 2015 at 7pm %>
<%= some_helper_method(person) %>
Low-Level Caching
Sometimes you need to cache a particular value or query result instead of caching view fragments. Rails' caching mechanism works great for storing any serializable information.
The most efficient way to implement low-level caching is using the Rails.cache.fetch
method. This method does both reading and writing to the cache. When passed only a single argument, the key is fetched and value from the cache is returned. If a block is passed, that block will be executed in the event of a cache miss. The return value of the block will be written to the cache under the given cache key, and that return value will be returned. In case of cache hit, the cached value will be returned without executing the block.
Consider the following example. An application has a Product
model with an instance method that looks up the product's price on a competing website. The data returned by this method would be perfect for low-level caching:
class Product < ApplicationRecord
def competing_price
Rails.cache.fetch("#{cache_key_with_version}/competing_price", expires_in: 12.hours) do
Competitor::API.find_price(id)
end
end
end
NOTE: Notice that in this example we used the cache_key_with_version
method, so the resulting cache key will be something like products/233-20140225082222765838000/competing_price
. cache_key_with_version
generates a string based on the model's class name, id
, and updated_at
attributes. This is a common convention and has the benefit of invalidating the cache whenever the product is updated. In general, when you use low-level caching, you need to generate a cache key.
Avoid Caching Instances of Active Record Objects
Consider this example, which stores a list of Active Record objects representing superusers in the cache:
# super_admins is an expensive SQL query, so don't run it too often
Rails.cache.fetch("super_admin_users", expires_in: 12.hours) do
User.super_admins.to_a
end
You should avoid this pattern. Why? Because the instance could change. In production, attributes on it could differ, or the record could be deleted. And in development, it works unreliably with cache stores that reload code when you make changes.
Instead, cache the ID or some other primitive data type. For example:
# super_admins is an expensive SQL query, so don't run it too often
ids = Rails.cache.fetch("super_admin_user_ids", expires_in: 12.hours) do
User.super_admins.pluck(:id)
end
User.where(id: ids).to_a
SQL Caching
Query caching is a Rails feature that caches the result set returned by each query. If Rails encounters the same query again for that request, it will use the cached result set as opposed to running the query against the database again.
For example:
class ProductsController < ApplicationController
def index
# Run a find query
@products = Product.all
# ...
# Run the same query again
@products = Product.all
end
end
The second time the same query is run against the database, it's not actually going to hit the database. The first time the result is returned from the query it is stored in the query cache (in memory) and the second time it's pulled from memory.
However, it's important to note that query caches are created at the start of an action and destroyed at the end of that action and thus persist only for the duration of the action. If you'd like to store query results in a more persistent fashion, you can with low-level caching.
Cache Stores
Rails provides different stores for the cached data (apart from SQL and page caching).
Configuration
You can set up your application's default cache store by setting the
config.cache_store
configuration option. Other parameters can be passed as
arguments to the cache store's constructor:
config.cache_store = :memory_store, { size: 64.megabytes }
Alternatively, you can set ActionController::Base.cache_store
outside of a configuration block.
You can access the cache by calling Rails.cache.
Connection Pool Options
By default, :mem_cache_store
and
:redis_cache_store
use a single connection
per process. This means that if you're using Puma, or another threaded server,
you can have multiple threads waiting for the connection to become available.
To increase the number of available connections you can enable connection
pooling.
First, add the connection_pool
gem to your Gemfile:
gem 'connection_pool'
Next, pass the :pool_size
and/or :pool_timeout
options when configuring the cache store:
config.cache_store = :mem_cache_store, "cache.example.com", { pool_size: 5, pool_timeout: 5 }
:pool_size
- This option sets the number of connections per process (defaults to 5).:pool_timeout
- This option sets the number of seconds to wait for a connection (defaults to 5). If no connection is available within the timeout, aTimeout::Error
will be raised.
::ActiveSupport::Cache::Store
::ActiveSupport::Cache::Store
provides the foundation for interacting with the cache in Rails. This is an abstract class, and you cannot use it on its own. Instead, you must use a concrete implementation of the class tied to a storage engine. Rails ships with several implementations, documented below.
The main API methods are read
, write
, delete
, exist?
, and fetch
.
Options passed to the cache store's constructor will be treated as default options for the appropriate API methods.
::ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore
::ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore
keeps entries in memory in the same Ruby process. The cache
store has a bounded size specified by sending the :size
option to the
initializer (default is 32Mb). When the cache exceeds the allotted size, a
cleanup will occur and the least recently used entries will be removed.
config.cache_store = :memory_store, { size: 64.megabytes }
If you're running multiple Ruby on Rails server processes (which is the case if you're using Phusion Passenger or puma clustered mode), then your Rails server process instances won't be able to share cache data with each other. This cache store is not appropriate for large application deployments. However, it can work well for small, low traffic sites with only a couple of server processes, as well as development and test environments.
New Rails projects are configured to use this implementation in the development environment by default.
NOTE: Since processes will not share cache data when using :memory_store
,
it will not be possible to manually read, write, or expire the cache via the Rails console.
::ActiveSupport::Cache::FileStore
::ActiveSupport::Cache::FileStore
uses the file system to store entries. The path to the directory where the store files will be stored must be specified when initializing the cache.
config.cache_store = :file_store, "/path/to/cache/directory"
With this cache store, multiple server processes on the same host can share a cache. This cache store is appropriate for low to medium traffic sites that are served off one or two hosts. Server processes running on different hosts could share a cache by using a shared file system, but that setup is not recommended.
As the cache will grow until the disk is full, it is recommended to periodically clear out old entries.
This is the default cache store implementation (at "#{root}/tmp/cache/"
) if
no explicit config.cache_store
is supplied.
::ActiveSupport::Cache::MemCacheStore
::ActiveSupport::Cache::MemCacheStore
uses Danga's memcached
server to provide a centralized cache for your application. Rails uses the bundled dalli
gem by default. This is currently the most popular cache store for production websites. It can be used to provide a single, shared cache cluster with very high performance and redundancy.
When initializing the cache, you should specify the addresses for all memcached servers in your cluster, or ensure the MEMCACHE_SERVERS
environment variable has been set appropriately.
config.cache_store = :mem_cache_store, "cache-1.example.com", "cache-2.example.com"
If neither are specified, it will assume memcached is running on localhost on the default port (<IP_ADDRESS>:11211
), but this is not an ideal setup for larger sites.
config.cache_store = :mem_cache_store # Will fallback to $MEMCACHE_SERVERS, then <IP_ADDRESS>:11211
See the Dalli::Client
documentation for supported address types.
The write
(and fetch
) method on this cache accepts additional options that take advantage of features specific to memcached.
::ActiveSupport::Cache::RedisCacheStore
::ActiveSupport::Cache::RedisCacheStore
takes advantage of Redis support for automatic eviction
when it reaches max memory, allowing it to behave much like a Memcached cache server.
Deployment note: Redis doesn't expire keys by default, so take care to use a dedicated Redis cache server. Don't fill up your persistent-Redis server with volatile cache data! Read the Redis cache server setup guide in detail.
For a cache-only Redis server, set maxmemory-policy
to one of the variants of allkeys.
Redis 4+ supports least-frequently-used eviction (allkeys-lfu
), an excellent
default choice. Redis 3 and earlier should use least-recently-used eviction (allkeys-lru
).
Set cache read and write timeouts relatively low. Regenerating a cached value is often faster than waiting more than a second to retrieve it. Both read and write timeouts default to 1 second, but may be set lower if your network is consistently low-latency.
By default, the cache store will not attempt to reconnect to Redis if the connection fails during a request. If you experience frequent disconnects you may wish to enable reconnect attempts.
Cache reads and writes never raise exceptions; they just return nil
instead,
behaving as if there was nothing in the cache. To gauge whether your cache is
hitting exceptions, you may provide an error_handler
to report to an
exception gathering service. It must accept three keyword arguments: method
,
the cache store method that was originally called; returning
, the value that
was returned to the user, typically nil
; and exception
, the exception that
was rescued.
To get started, add the redis gem to your Gemfile:
gem 'redis'
You can enable support for the faster hiredis connection library by additionally adding its ruby wrapper to your Gemfile:
gem 'hiredis'
Redis cache store will automatically require and use hiredis if available. No further configuration is needed.
Finally, add the configuration in the relevant config/environments/*.rb
file:
config.cache_store = :redis_cache_store, { url: ENV['REDIS_URL'] }
A more complex, production Redis cache store may look something like this:
cache_servers = %w(redis://cache-01:6379/0 redis://cache-02:6379/0)
config.cache_store = :redis_cache_store, { url: cache_servers,
connect_timeout: 30, # Defaults to 20 seconds
read_timeout: 0.2, # Defaults to 1 second
write_timeout: 0.2, # Defaults to 1 second
reconnect_attempts: 1, # Defaults to 0
error_handler: -> (method:, returning:, exception:) {
# Report errors to Sentry as warnings
Raven.capture_exception exception, level: 'warning',
tags: { method: method, returning: returning }
}
}
::ActiveSupport::Cache::NullStore
::ActiveSupport::Cache::NullStore
is scoped to each web request, and clears stored values at the end of a request. It is meant for use in development and test environments. It can be very useful when you have code that interacts directly with Rails.cache but caching interferes with seeing the results of code changes.
config.cache_store = :null_store
Custom Cache Stores
You can create your own custom cache store by simply extending
::ActiveSupport::Cache::Store
and implementing the appropriate methods. This way,
you can swap in any number of caching technologies into your Rails application.
To use a custom cache store, simply set the cache store to a new instance of your custom class.
config.cache_store = MyCacheStore.new
Cache Keys
The keys used in a cache can be any object that responds to either cache_key
or
to_param
. You can implement the cache_key
method on your classes if you need
to generate custom keys. Active Record will generate keys based on the class name
and record id.
You can use Hashes and Arrays of values as cache keys.
# This is a legal cache key
Rails.cache.read(site: "mysite", owners: [owner_1, owner_2])
The keys you use on Rails.cache will not be the same as those actually used with
the storage engine. They may be modified with a namespace or altered to fit
technology backend constraints. This means, for instance, that you can't save
values with Rails.cache and then try to pull them out with the dalli
gem.
However, you also don't need to worry about exceeding the memcached size limit or
violating syntax rules.
Conditional GET Support
Conditional GETs are a feature of the HTTP specification that provide a way for web servers to tell browsers that the response to a GET request hasn't changed since the last request and can be safely pulled from the browser cache.
They work by using the HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH
and HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE
headers to pass back and forth both a unique content identifier and the timestamp of when the content was last changed. If the browser makes a request where the content identifier (ETag) or last modified since timestamp matches the server's version then the server only needs to send back an empty response with a not modified status.
It is the server's (i.e. our) responsibility to look for a last modified timestamp and the if-none-match header and determine whether or not to send back the full response. With conditional-get support in Rails this is a pretty easy task:
class ProductsController < ApplicationController
def show
@product = Product.find(params[:id])
# If the request is stale according to the given timestamp and etag value
# (i.e. it needs to be processed again) then execute this block
if stale?(last_modified: @product.updated_at.utc, etag: @product.cache_key_with_version)
respond_to do |wants|
# ... normal response processing
end
end
# If the request is fresh (i.e. it's not modified) then you don't need to do
# anything. The default render checks for this using the parameters
# used in the previous call to stale? and will automatically send a
# :not_modified. So that's it, you're done.
end
end
Instead of an options hash, you can also simply pass in a model. Rails will use the updated_at
and cache_key_with_version
methods for setting last_modified
and etag
:
class ProductsController < ApplicationController
def show
@product = Product.find(params[:id])
if stale?(@product)
respond_to do |wants|
# ... normal response processing
end
end
end
end
If you don't have any special response processing and are using the default rendering mechanism (i.e. you're not using respond_to
or calling render yourself) then you've got an easy helper in fresh_when
:
class ProductsController < ApplicationController
# This will automatically send back a :not_modified if the request is fresh,
# and will render the default template (product.*) if it's stale.
def show
@product = Product.find(params[:id])
fresh_when last_modified: @product.published_at.utc, etag: @product
end
end
Sometimes we want to cache response, for example a static page, that never gets
expired. To achieve this, we can use http_cache_forever
helper and by doing
so browser and proxies will cache it indefinitely.
By default cached responses will be private, cached only on the user's web
browser. To allow proxies to cache the response, set public: true
to indicate
that they can serve the cached response to all users.
Using this helper, last_modified
header is set to Time.new(2011, 1, 1).utc
and expires
header is set to a 100 years.
WARNING: Use this method carefully as browser/proxy won't be able to invalidate the cached response unless browser cache is forcefully cleared.
class HomeController < ApplicationController
def index
http_cache_forever(public: true) do
render
end
end
end
Strong v/s Weak ETags
Rails generates weak ETags by default. Weak ETags allow semantically equivalent responses to have the same ETags, even if their bodies do not match exactly. This is useful when we don't want the page to be regenerated for minor changes in response body.
Weak ETags have a leading W/
to differentiate them from strong ETags.
W/"618bbc92e2d35ea1945008b42799b0e7" → Weak ETag
"618bbc92e2d35ea1945008b42799b0e7" → Strong ETag
Unlike weak ETag, strong ETag implies that response should be exactly the same and byte by byte identical. Useful when doing Range requests within a large video or PDF file. Some CDNs support only strong ETags, like Akamai. If you absolutely need to generate a strong ETag, it can be done as follows.
class ProductsController < ApplicationController
def show
@product = Product.find(params[:id])
fresh_when last_modified: @product.published_at.utc, strong_etag: @product
end
end
You can also set the strong ETag directly on the response.
response.strong_etag = response.body # => "618bbc92e2d35ea1945008b42799b0e7"
Caching in Development
It's common to want to test the caching strategy of your application
in development mode. Rails provides the rails command dev:cache
to
easily toggle caching on/off.
$ bin/rails dev:cache
Development mode is now being cached.
$ bin/rails dev:cache
Development mode is no longer being cached.
By default, when development mode caching is off, Rails uses
:null_store
.


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| # | Name | Room Code | Edit | Delete |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deluxe Room | DR |
|
|
| 2 | Executive Room | ER |
|
|
| 3 | Standard Room | SR |
|
|
| 4 | Honeymoon Special | HS |
|
|


abstract module¶
a module representing BoardADT and abstract pieces for bot
- class abstract.AbstractBishop(board, color, pos)¶
Bases:
abstract.AbstractPiece
a class representing a pown piece
- possible_moves()¶
return a list of all possible moves for piece as names of cells a-h 1-8
- class abstract.AbstractBoardADT(copy=None)¶
Bases:
object
board data type which contains all the information about the chess game
- add_piece(piece, position)¶
add a piece to the board piece instance must be Piece
- init_from_copy(copy)¶
- is_game_over()¶
- possible_computer_moves()¶
- remove_piece(position)¶
remove piece from chess board by it’s position
- revert_last_move()¶
- class abstract.AbstractKing(board, color, pos)¶
Bases:
abstract.AbstractPiece
a class representing a pown piece
- is_checked(positionn)¶
returns True if king is checked, False if not
- possible_moves()¶
return a list of all possible moves for piece as names of cells a-h 1-8
- class abstract.AbstractKnight(board, color, pos)¶
Bases:
abstract.AbstractPiece
a class representing a pown piece
- possible_moves()¶
return a list of all possible moves for piece as names of cells a-h 1-8
- class abstract.AbstractPawn(board, color, pos)¶
Bases:
abstract.AbstractPiece
a class representing a pown piece
- possible_moves()¶
return a list of all possible moves for piece as names of cells a-h 1-8
- class abstract.AbstractPiece(board, tipe, color, pos)¶
Bases:
object
parent class for all pieces
- move(next_pos)¶
Move the figure to the next position
- class abstract.AbstractQueen(board, color, pos)¶
Bases:
abstract.AbstractPiece
a class representing a pown piece
- possible_moves()¶
return a list of all possible moves for piece as names of cells a-h 1-8
- class abstract.AbstractRook(board, color, pos)¶
Bases:
abstract.AbstractPiece
a class representing a pown piece
- possible_moves()¶
return a list of all possible moves for piece as names of cells a-h 1-8
- abstract.convert_position(string)¶
convert position in chess notation to standart list indexes
- abstract.convert_position_to_str(pos)¶
convert standart list indexes to the chess notation


Gets the name of the current user.
The name of the current user, or NOT AVAILABLE
when the underlying runtime has no support for retrieving the name of the current user.
Calls WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Name
to get the name of the current windows user.
To improve performance, we could cache the string representation of the name, and reuse that as long as the identity stayed constant. Once the identity changed, we would need to re-assign and re-render the string.
However, the WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent()
call seems to return different objects every time, so the current implementation doesn't do this type of caching.
Timing for these operations:
| Method | Results |
|---|---|
WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent() |
10000 loops, 00:00:00.2031250 seconds |
WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Name |
10000 loops, 00:00:08.0468750 seconds |
This means we could speed things up almost 40 times by caching the value of the WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Name
property, since this takes (8.04-0.20) = 7.84375 seconds.
LoggingEvent Class | log4net.Core Namespace


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Hey Henry! Welcome to the Arlagården Plus Survey, where you can see your current and past carbon footprint. This survey is divided in four categories, each one regarding a specific topic. Start from the top, or choose the section you would like to fill-in! Each category has a progress bar, which shows how far you got last time you filled the form.
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Hey Henry! Welcome to the Arlagården Plus Survey, where you can see your current and past carbon footprint. This survey is divided in four categories, each one regarding a specific topic. Start from the top, or choose the section you would like to fill-in! Each category has a progress bar, which shows how far you got last time you filled the form.
CATEGORIES


Wellcome to GA4SRU! (GoAnimate For Schools Remastered Unpatchable) feel free to make any video you desire! contact joseph the animator (the lead developer) for any assistance. however, don't you dare put this on evennode (or somthing simlar) or you will get a DCMA complaint from vyond.


I’m a multidisciplinary digital designer based in Toronto who enjoys taking a research driven, user-centric approach. I like talking about Japan, keyboards, and dogs.
Goals: Create an internal tool for store team members to keep track of tasks and count inventory.
My Roles: User research, wireframing, prototyping
Foxtrot is an upscale convenience store with a mobile app that lets customers shop their curated collections of drinks, food, and everyday essentials. They recently expanded to open multiple physical locations, and needed a tool that would unify the workflow.
The design team and I visited several different locations to conduct interviews and observe each store's work practices. We spoke with managers and other employees responsible for managing the store's inventory. We quickly noticed that each store had different needs depending on the location type. Warehouse stores had a more robust cycle counting system in place, while delivery stores focused more on getting orders out the door quickly. There was also a need for a single source of truth on what goals needed to be met for each store. After synthesizing our research we began mapping out successful user journeys and unsuccessful user journeys. We had a very clear goal of improving inventory counts in the store while also creating an intuitive tool that would encourage store team members to do that. This process was phase 1 in improving the inventory management.
Goals: Create a thorough and organized website that would serve as UX guidelines to the Toronto Star on how to create screens for the tablet app.
My Roles: HTML & CSS, JavaScript, UI/UX design, content writing
Breaking it Down
When I started working on the UX guidelines my goal was to organize the vast amount of information as best I could. Since there were so many components and layers to deal with, the UX director and I thought the best way to organize the content would be to apply atomic design. So, I broke down each UI element we had into smaller pieces that could be combined into components then, built into layers, then templates and finally assembled into our daily editions.
Early Wireframing
The main goal of the experience was to get the designers and writers working with the guidelines effortlessly, whether it was through a linear fashion or going back and forth between different elements. I wanted to ensure users were never lost in the website so I created a highlighting anchored scroll navigation so users knew exactly where they were in the guidelines and could click an anchor and seamlessly scroll to another section of the site.
Goals: Redesign Toronto Star Touch's website to highlight the app's features and educate users on the app’s gestures, animations and UI.
My Roles: Wireframing, prototyping, visual design
Toronto Star Touch at this point had amassed a regular readership, but still had trouble with users not fully exploring the app. The app encourages interaction and playing around with screens and a lot of our user feedback indicated many users didn’t interact or tap things as much as we wanted.
Goals: Create a thorough and organized website that would serve as UX guidelines to the Toronto Star on how to create screens for the tablet app.
My Roles: HTML & CSS, JavaScript, UI/UX design, content writing
Breaking it Down
When I started working on the UX guidelines my goal was to organize the vast amount of information as best I could. Since there were so many components and layers to deal with, the UX director and I thought the best way to organize the content would be to apply atomic design. So, I broke down each UI element we had into smaller pieces that could be combined into components then, built into layers, then templates and finally assembled into our daily editions.
Early Wireframing
The main goal of the experience was to get the designers and writers working with the guidelines effortlessly, whether it was through a linear fashion or going back and forth between different elements. I wanted to ensure users were never lost in the website so I created a highlighting anchored scroll navigation so users knew exactly where they were in the guidelines and could click an anchor and seamlessly scroll to another section of the site.
Goals: Create a thorough and organized website that would serve as UX guidelines to the Toronto Star on how to create screens for the tablet app.
My Roles: HTML & CSS, JavaScript, UI/UX design, content writing
Breaking it Down
When I started working on the UX guidelines my goal was to organize the vast amount of information as best I could. Since there were so many components and layers to deal with, the UX director and I thought the best way to organize the content would be to apply atomic design. So, I broke down each UI element we had into smaller pieces that could be combined into components then, built into layers, then templates and finally assembled into our daily editions.
Early Wireframing
The main goal of the experience was to get the designers and writers working with the guidelines effortlessly, whether it was through a linear fashion or going back and forth between different elements. I wanted to ensure users were never lost in the website so I created a highlighting anchored scroll navigation so users knew exactly where they were in the guidelines and could click an anchor and seamlessly scroll to another section of the site.
Goals: Assist in updating the user interface and user experience. Establish a style guide and user experience best practices with the design team.
My Roles: UI/UX


We enhance metrics!
- incubate mission-critical portals
- generate magnetic paradigms
- whiteboard B2C mindshare
- innovate end-to-end web services
- orchestrate value-added niches
- target 24/365 infrastructures
- redefine collaborative vortals
- engage vertical supply-chains
- synergize innovative experiences
- target e-business architectures
- syndicate plug-and-play infrastructures
- redefine real-time paradigms
- reintermediate dynamic niches


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Make publishing rock!
A few ways to make the lives of content creators better.
Why I'm giving this talk.
- Not a usability expert, and I never will be.
- I'm a developer.
- I like happy clients.
- I see clients that are frustrated by Drupal.
- I see some quick wins.
- Developers turn off the Overlay.
What We'll go over.
- Why Drupal admin can be challenging.
- Quick things to look for.
- Modules that help.
- What the future holds.
There is no perfect author experience that will work for every content model, every company’s workflow. And that means that the future of Drupal UX…
Is you.
-- Karen Magrane
Why Drupal can be frustrating.
Wordpress admin
Drupal Admin
Usually goes downhill from there.
Why it's hard to get right.
Drupal is super flexible. . .
So the default admin is hard to peg.
Maybe. . .
Users need to understand too much.
- Menu system?
- Taxonomy?
- Taxonomy Menu?
Our job is to get out of their way.
What's in their way?
- Don't know whats going on.
- Lots of clicks for common tasks
- Can't figure out uncommon tasks
- Your clever solution is impossible to remember
Whats the easiest way to get it right?
Build the admin as you go.
Start with a solid foundation from day 1.
Think about the admin for each feature.
Did you enable the built in modules?
- Dashboard
- Contextual admin
- Shortcut
- Overlay?
Easy Wins
- Reduce Permissions.
- Remove WYSIWYG Buttons.
- Fill out the Field Help text.
- Setup some Shortcuts for your users
- Reduce Input formats (Better Formats Module)
total control
admin menu
WorkBench
Workbench
- Framework for Complex Editorial Workflows.
- Makes unpublished Revisions easier to work with.
- Provides approval workflow.
- Only use it if there is a strong business case.
- http://drupal.org/project/workbench
Advanced Help
Advanced Help
- Framework for contextual help.
- Provides help pages for lots of popular modules.
- Provides contextual links, and a framework to add them.
- Can be weird to work with, and some of the help is written in neck beard.
- http://drupal.org/project/advanced_help
Selecting Content.
Slideshows, featured content, homepage, landing pages. . . all need a way to select content.
Draggable Views
nodequeue
Panopoly
Panels was the drunk uncle of Drupal.
Lots of potential, and every few years you give him another chance.
Always ended in feelings of betrayl and wasted time.
Panopoly was his new begining.
Spark
Spark is a Drupal distribution which aims to be "the Pressflow of Drupal authoring experience."
Key features
- In Place Editing.
- Responsive grid Builder.
- Mobile Administration.


Method List
Search:
-
#== MuseumProvenance::Entity
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#== MuseumProvenance::TimeSpan
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#[] MuseumProvenance::Parser
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#[] MuseumProvenance::Timeline
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#acquisition_method MuseumProvenance::Period
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#actually_parse_time_string MuseumProvenance::Period
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#apply MuseumProvenance::Transformers::ParagraphTransform
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#attach_to_name MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
-
#authorities MuseumProvenance::Parser
-
#beginning MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#beginning= MuseumProvenance::Period
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#birth MuseumProvenance::Party
-
#botb MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#bote MuseumProvenance::Period
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#certainty NilClass
-
#citations MuseumProvenance::Parser
-
#class_description MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
-
create_documentation MuseumProvenance::Utilities::AcquisitionMethodDocumentation
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create_skos MuseumProvenance::Utilities::AcquisitionMethodDocumentation
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#custody_transfer MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
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#death MuseumProvenance::Party
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#defined? MuseumProvenance::TimeSpan
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#definition MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
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#describe MuseumProvenance::Utilities::AcquisitionMethodDocumentation
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#direct_transfer MuseumProvenance::Period
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#direct_transfer= MuseumProvenance::Period
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#each MuseumProvenance::Parser
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#each MuseumProvenance::Timeline
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#earliest Date
-
#earliest MuseumProvenance::TimeSpan
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#earliest MuseumProvenance::Timeline
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#earliest_definite MuseumProvenance::Period
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#earliest_possible MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#earliest_raw MuseumProvenance::TimeSpan
-
#ending MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#ending= MuseumProvenance::Period
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#eotb MuseumProvenance::Period
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#eote MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#explanation MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
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extract MuseumProvenance::Provenance
-
find MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
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find_by_id MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
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find_by_name MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
-
find_dates_in_string MuseumProvenance::DateExtractor
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formatted_footnote MuseumProvenance::Period
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#forms MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
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from_json MuseumProvenance::Provenance
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#generate_output MuseumProvenance::Period
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#has_note? MuseumProvenance::Period
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#id MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
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#initialize MuseumProvenance::Transformers::TokenTransform
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#initialize MuseumProvenance::Parsers::ParagraphParser
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#initialize MuseumProvenance::TimeSpan
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#initialize MuseumProvenance::Transformers::NoteInsertionTransform
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#initialize MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
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#initialize MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#initialize MuseumProvenance::Parser
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#initialize MuseumProvenance::Utilities::AcquisitionMethodDocumentation
-
#initialize MuseumProvenance::Entity
-
#initialize MuseumProvenance::Parsers::AcquisitionMethodParser
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#insert_after MuseumProvenance::Timeline
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#insert_before MuseumProvenance::Timeline
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#insert_direct MuseumProvenance::Timeline
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#insert_directly_after MuseumProvenance::Timeline
-
#insert_earliest MuseumProvenance::Timeline
-
#insert_latest MuseumProvenance::Timeline
-
#is_after? MuseumProvenance::Period
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#is_before? MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#is_ongoing? MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#last MuseumProvenance::Parser
-
#last MuseumProvenance::Timeline
-
#latest Date
-
#latest MuseumProvenance::TimeSpan
-
#latest MuseumProvenance::Timeline
-
#latest_definite MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#latest_possible MuseumProvenance::Period
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#latest_raw MuseumProvenance::TimeSpan
-
#location MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#max_timespan MuseumProvenance::Period
-
members MuseumProvenance::PeriodOutput
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#name MuseumProvenance::Entity
-
#name MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
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#name= MuseumProvenance::Entity
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#name_with_birth_death MuseumProvenance::Party
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#next_period MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#nil? MuseumProvenance::TimeSpan
-
#note MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#notes MuseumProvenance::Parser
-
#original MuseumProvenance::Parser
-
#original_text MuseumProvenance::Period
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#other_forms MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
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#output_graph MuseumProvenance::Utilities::AcquisitionMethodDocumentation
-
#ownership_transfer MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
-
#paragraph MuseumProvenance::Parser
-
#parent MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
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#parsable? MuseumProvenance::Period
-
parse MuseumProvenance::TimeSpan
-
#parse_time_string MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#party MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#precise? MuseumProvenance::TimeSpan
-
#preferred MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
-
#preferred_form MuseumProvenance::Parsers::AcquisitionMethodParser
-
#preferred_form MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
-
#prefix MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
-
#previous_period MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#primary_owner MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#provenance MuseumProvenance::Timeline
-
#provenance MuseumProvenance::Period
-
remove_dates_in_string MuseumProvenance::DateExtractor
-
reset_counter MuseumProvenance::Transformers::AuthorityTransform
-
#same? MuseumProvenance::TimeSpan
-
#siblings MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#smart_to_s Date
-
#stock_number MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#str_i MuseumProvenance::Parsers::ParserHelpers
-
#suffix MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
-
#time_string MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#to_a MuseumProvenance::PeriodOutput
-
#to_bool FalseClass
-
#to_bool Fixnum
-
#to_bool String
-
#to_bool TrueClass
-
#to_bool NilClass
-
#to_csv MuseumProvenance::Timeline
-
#to_h MuseumProvenance::Period
-
#to_h MuseumProvenance::PeriodOutput
-
#to_i FalseClass
-
#to_i TrueClass
-
#to_json MuseumProvenance::Timeline
-
#to_json MuseumProvenance::Parser
-
#to_s MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
-
#to_s MuseumProvenance::TimeSpan
-
#to_s MuseumProvenance::Entity
-
#type MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
-
valid_methods MuseumProvenance::AcquisitionMethod
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#was_directly_transferred MuseumProvenance::Period


Styles in Canvas: Button Control RectShape TextBox Styles in Core:
Imagine you have an editor project, that uses Core.
You can add styles for any of your controls and any of your blocks. However, styles of your Controls are not skinnable. Only styles of Blocks are skinnable.
In your project, for example, HTMLEditor, create a folder called Skins and create a class there, which inherits from GuiLabs.Canvas.DrawStyle.StyleFactory.
In constructor, create necessary styles, give them style names and add them to the skin using the Add() method. For example:
using GuiLabs.Canvas.DrawStyle; namespace GuiLabs.Editor.HTML.Skins { public class HTMLStyleFactory : StyleFactory { public HTMLStyleFactory() { AddStyle("GuiLabs.Editor.HTML.HTMLMetaBlock", Color.Honeydew); AddStyle("GuiLabs.Editor.HTML.HTMLMetaBlock_selected", Color.GreenYellow, Color.LightGreen, Color.White, FillMode.HorizontalGradient); AddStyle("GuiLabs.Editor.HTML.HTMLBaseBlock", Color.LightGray, Color.WhiteSmoke); AddStyle("GuiLabs.Editor.HTML.HTMLBaseBlock_selected", Color.LightGray); } } }
You can declare multiple classes in the Skins folder (HTMLStyleFactory2, HTMLStyleFactory3). Each of these can add different styles for the same strings (in our example, all skins must add four styles with following names: GuiLabs.Editor.HTML.HTMLMetaBlock, GuiLabs.Editor.HTML.HTMLMetaBlock_selected etc.).
In the constructor of your main root block (for example, HTMLRootBlock), write the following:
Block.CurrentSkin = new Skins.HTMLStyleFactory();
Here you can select which skin will be used when new blocks are created. As we currently only have one skin, don't worry about this step.
For example, you want to give the styles defined above to the HTMLMetaBlock. Go to HTMLMetaBlock.cs and do the following:
3.1. Override StyleName and SelectedStyleName to return names of styles that you want:
protected override string StyleName() { return "GuiLabs.Editor.HTML.HTMLMetaBlock"; } protected override string SelectedStyleName() { return "GuiLabs.Editor.HTML.HTMLMetaBlock_selected"; }
You gave the strings GuiLabs.Editor.HTML.HTMLMetaBlock and GuiLabs.Editor.HTML.HTMLMetaBlock_selected to the new styles when you created a new skin in step 1.
3.2.
Don't forget to call InitStyle() after the control already exists, otherwise there will be a null reference exception (the block will try to say "this.MyControl.Style = MyNewSuperStyle", but MyControl == null!)
 For example, if you say MyControl = new SuperUltraControl(); then you have to call InitStyle() right after that.
Otherwise, if the control is already defined in a base class, you don't need to call InitStyle() once again. For example, EmptyBlock defines it's control (TextBox) in Core library. We already call InitStyle() in Core, so you don't need to do it again in blocks, which inherit from EmptyBlock.


This tutorial will show you how to create a web server image which can be used to build containers. We will use the Apache Web Server on ubuntu to create this image. Please follow the steps below!:
Use these links to install:
https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/After the installation, run "docker run hello-world" to ensure installation is complete. The screenshot below demonstrates the successful result of this command:
After you are logged into Docker, run "docker pull ubuntu". Then, use "docker images" to check existing images on your computer.
Run the Ubuntu image to start a Docker container, then log into this Ubuntu container using this command: "docker run -it ubuntu:latest /bin/bash
Note: The container ID is “1ee65e9d5595” in the screenshot.
Install applications in this Ubuntu container.
1. Update system using "apt-get update"
2. Install apache2 using "apt-get install apache2"
3. Install vim text editor using "apt-get install vim"
Exit Ubuntu container using command "exit"
Commit container to create a new Docker image
1. Check the container using "docker ps-a"
2. Create a new Docker image using “docker commit 1ee65e9d5595 ubuntu-my_apache2”. “1ee65e9d5595” is the container ID and “ubuntu-my_apache2” is the name of a new Docker image.
3. Check the news images using “docker images”
Using command “docker run -it -p <IP_ADDRESS>:80:80 -v H:\Docker_tutorial\local_dir:/var/www/html ubuntu-my_apache2 /bin/bash”. Parameter explanation:
1. -it: log into an interactive shell
2. -p: expose an port of Docker container
3. -v: bind a host directory to Docker container. “H:\Docker_tutoiral\local_dir” is a directory of the host computer, and “/var/www/htm” is the default location for the entry webpage of a website. Usually we put “index. Html” is this directory.
Check the present working directory using “pwd” then go the html directory “/var/www/htm” using “cd /var/www/html”
Create an “index.html” file using “vi index.html”. Press “i” key to edit the new “index. Html” file. You can see “-- INSERT --” in the bottom of the command window, which means you can type html source code now. Try the shortcuts of vi to edit your file.
After finishing your “index.html” file, press the “ESC” key of your computer then type “:wq” to write the file and then quit vi.
Meanwhile, you can find your “index.html” in your bind directory on your computer.
Start apache service using “/etc/init.d/apache2 restart” in your Docker container
Using a browser of you host computer to access “<IP_ADDRESS>”, then you can see your website!
Source: IS 601 Docker Command Line with Apache Assignment


{% extends 'site_base.html' %} {% block page-subtitle %}: Forbidden{% endblock %} {% block content-body %}
Sorry, you don't have permission to do that.


Exploration 4.1.1.
You are a young traveler, leaving home for the first time. Your parents want to help you on your journey, so just before your departure, they give you two gifts. Specifically, they give you two forms of transportation: a hover board and a magic carpet. Your parents inform you that both the hover board and the magic carpet have restrictions in how they operate:
- We denote the restriction on the hover board’s movement by the vector \((3,1)\text{.}\) By this we mean that if the hover board traveled “forward” for one hour, it would move along a “diagonal” path that would result in a displacement of 3 miles East and 1 mile North of its starting location.
- We denote the restriction on the magic carpet’s movement by the vector \((1,2)\text{.}\) By this we mean that if the magic carpet traveled “forward” for one hour, it would move along a “diagonal” path that would result in a displacement of 1 mile East and 2 miles North of its starting location.
Your Uncle Cramer suggests that your first adventure should be to go visit the wise man, Old Man Gauss. Uncle Cramer tells you that Old Man Gauss lives in a cabin that is 107 miles East and 64 miles North of your home.
Investigate whether or not you can use the hover board and the magic carpet to get to Gauss’s cabin. If so, how? If it is not possible to get to the cabin with these modes of transportation, why is that the case?
Old Man Gauss wants to move to a cabin in a different location. You are not sure whether Gauss is just trying to test your wits at finding him or if he actually wants to hide somewhere that you can't visit him.
Are there some locations that he can hide and you cannot reach him with these two modes of transportation? Describe the places that you can reach using a combination of the hover board and the magic carpet and those you cannot. Specify these geometrically and algebraically. Include a symbolic representation using vector notation. Also, include a convincing argument supporting your answer.


Eons ago, the vicious Dragon Drakania fought a terrible battle with the seven gods of Norath. Climbing the frozen ramparts of Valhardor she slay the messenger god Herma and stole a nameless treasure from its crypts. Wounded in the fight she slithered back to her underground lair where her numberless brood awaited her return.
In the thousands years since that battle, no one who has entered her dungeon has ever returned...
From the drunken backwaters of Lake Mirgolu, the Acher is a wandering ne'er-do-well with nothing to lose. Rumors of a treasure are a strong enticement to explore an old ruined cellar type thing.
From the mist-shrowded highlands of Gont, a land long known for its magical ways,
From the proud Isle of Stonegol, the Warrior is a broad fighter out to increase the honor of his people. Word of a treasure waiting to be won has brought him to the mouth of a crumbling dungeon.


SocketError Class Reference
Inherits EODError.
List of all members.
Detailed Description
Definition at line 22 of file socketerror.h.
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Public Member Functions |
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virtual const char * | className () const |
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| SocketError (const std::string &message) |
Generated on Fri Apr 1 15:36:51 2011 for Seeing Machines CoreData API by
1.5.0


MAINFLUX
Mainflux team has an extensive working experience and knowledge of hardware and intelligent devices and can provide operational expertise for the best cost-quality related solutions and support needed for every IoT project.
Our expertise covers every functional aspect of the networking technology required for connecting objects, including its huge market and a large number of manufacturers.
....
Draško has over 15 years of professional experience gained in fortune 500 companies as well as technological start-ups. He worked in telecom and semiconductor giants like NOKIA, Alcatel-Lucent or Texas Instruments or companies like Sequans Communications - being engaged in embedded systems, semiconductor, and telecommunication technologies.
Additionally, Draško earned his reputation in Open Source community by being constantly involved and contributing to projects dealing with low-level kernel programming and device drivers like OpenOCD JTAG debugger, U-Boot bootloader, Linux kernel and various RTOSes.
During these years, Draško gained valuable expertise in software and hardware networking technology, distributed systems, wireless and mobile telecommunications, smart devices, microcontrollers and microprocessors, sensor networks, gateways, security and encryption, radio frequency technology and interconnection of networked embedded devices with higher-level applications using various Web technologies and standards.
He holds MSc degree in Electrical Engineering from Belgrade University.
Janko gained comprehensive work experience in NELT, South Europe's biggest logistic and distribution company (P&G, Kraft Foods, Wrigley, and SSL) as ERP Specialist, IT Specialist for Warehouse Operations and Application & System Engineer. Within SAP BC implementation team, he was responsible for SAP landscape design, MM module – Conceptual Design of the Business Processes and design of interfaces.
Significant experience as a Project manager Janko gained working on GO4YU project, a joint venture between NELT and TELEKOM SERBIA, aimed to be the provider of Mobile, VoIP and Live TV and Video on Demand streaming platform for Serbian expats in US and Canada.
Janko is the winner of “First Step to Nobel Prize in Physics” International Competition for High School Students in Research Projects in Physics, organized by The European Physics Society, 1994.
Janko holds MSc degree in Electrical Engineering from Belgrade University.
Nikola has experience of more than eight years, covering a wide range of technologies and IT directions, from IT administration over computer networks and security, system architecture to software development and testing.
Currently, he is working as a software developer with great expertise in Web development and connected things over IP, delivering a complex and scalable Web apps.
He enjoys in cutting edge technologies and projects with Linux OS & related open source tools with technical barriers and complex challenges.
Nikola holds MSc in Economy from Novi Sad University.
Recently engaged in the biggest real estate project in South-East Europe master-planned by world renowned architects, Saša gained significant working experience within the international environment where communication with international companies, eminent consultancies, and government institutions was a major part of his daily tasks.
Furthermore, his extensive work experience includes working with middle-sized and small companies, but also as entrepreneur and freelancer.
Well-experienced in bridging different worlds and expertise, Saša is recognized for the ability to build positive relationships and work with people from different kind of industries and professional backgrounds.
Saša was the founder of first Serbian Branding Association and part of the team responsible for the development of National Brand of Serbia visual identity and slogan.
He holds MSc degree in Philosophy from Belgrade University.
Dejan is software engineer with significant experience in developing large-scale distributed enterprise systems. Experienced in designing, implementing and delivering networked systems.
He was 4 years Teaching Assistant at Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of NS and has working experience in various companies: SmartCat.io Expro I.T. Consulting, NTsystems and Typhoon HIL, Inc.
Dejan holds MSc in Computer Science.
A University Pierre and Marie Curie graduate, Manuel has specialized in industrial informatics and both software and hardware technologies. .
He was working in The Institute for Intelligent Systems and Robotics (ISIR), and companies, 3D Sound Labs and Devialet. For Devialet he worked on the wireless sound system which has the longest positive review in the history of magazine WIRED.
He holds MSc degree in Electrical Engineering


WFH, and the remote desktop's acting weird. Ah well, the price you pay sometimes.
1/10/2008, 3:39:31 PM
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WFH, and the remote desktop's acting weird. Ah well, the price you pay sometimes.
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Comments
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Greg Hurrell
Thanks for the report, Jeff.
There are really two parts to this problem:
1. Firstly, the next time you play the track after adding the art to iTunes, Synergy will ask iTunes for the art and if it finds it it obviously won't even bother to ask Amazon about it and so the menu item will remain dim. This will be fairly hard to fix because it will require a new option to be added (which users can use to force Synergy to query Amazon for "buy now" info even when art is already present in iTunes) and some reworking of the underlying logic.
2. Secondly, in cases where it has previously asked Amazon about the art and has stored a "buy now" link in the property list on the disk, the menu item should be active. I am not looking at the code right now so I am not sure if this is the way it works or not. If it doesn't work like that then it should be fairly trivial to change it.
So problem "2", if present, should be fairly easy to fix. Problem "1" is not so tractable and an alternative might be to unghost the menu item in those cases and instead of actively searching Amazon in the background, only do a search on demand (when the user actually selects the menu item). This is probably the approach I prefer seeing as it will reduce unnecessary hits on the Amazon webserver.
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It might be safe to say that every data practitioner has heard about the star schema for data modeling, and perhaps even the snowflake schema. These approaches to data modeling "normalize" the database by reducing redundant data in each table, so that it lives separately.
For example, here's a basic …
I have a new project that I'm swirling around in my brain.
I've recently started the job hunt, and quickly became frustrated with the tools at my displosal for networking and thinking about my professional development. We've all seen beautiful visualizations detailing the journey to the offer. And there are …
I hate to admit it, but when I first started using programming for predictive analytics, I was super disorganized. Which model performed best again? Guess I gotta go back and run all my cells in my "modelling notebook" over again... and clean them all up. GUILTY. 🙋♀ It was pretty evident …
Please welcome to the world my new 👶, zipmigo! Zipmigo is a python package that aims to help analysts download and unarchive zipfiles remotely.
I was recently given the opportunity to develop some notebooks for teaching GIS and spatial econometrics in python for a professor of mine. Having taken the course …
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include "VOClient.h"
#include "vocServer.h"
Classes | |
| struct | Object |
Defines | |
| #define | _VOCLIENT_LIB_ |
| #define | SESAME_TRACE (getenv("SESAME_TRACE")||access("/tmp/SESAME_TRACE",F_OK)==0) |
| #define | MAX_OBJECTS 128 |
| #define | SZ_TARGET 128 |
| #define | SESAME_URL "http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/nph-sesame/-oxp/NSV?" |
Typedefs | |
| typedef struct Object * | ObjectPtr |
Functions | |
| handle_t | svr_newHandle (int context, void *p) |
| int | svr_newHandleContext (char *name, int size) |
| Get a new handle context. | |
| void | svr_closeHandleContext (int context) |
| Close a handle context. | |
| void * | svr_H2P (handle_t h) |
| handle_t | svr_P2H (void *p) |
| Sesame | voc_isCachedObject (char *target) |
| See if the requested object is in the cache. | |
| char * | voc_getCacheDir (char *what) |
| Sesame | cvo_cacheObject (Sesame sr, char *target) |
| Store the object in the cache. | |
| Sesame | cvo_nameResolver (char *target) |
| Query the CDS Sesame name resolver service. | |
| char * | cvo_resolverPos (Sesame sr) |
| char * | cvo_resolverOtype (Sesame sr) |
| double | cvo_resolverRA (Sesame sr) |
| double | cvo_resolverRAErr (Sesame sr) |
| double | cvo_resolverDEC (Sesame sr) |
| double | cvo_resolverDECErr (Sesame sr) |
Variables | |
| int | handle_context = 0 |
| Object | clientCache [] |
| int | cacheTop |
| VOClient * | vo |
sr = cvo_nameResolver (target) pos_str = cvo_resolverPos (sr) radeg = cvo_resolverRA (sr) decdeg = cvo_resolverDEC (sr) ra_err = cvo_resolverRAErr (sr) dec_err = cvo_resolverDECErr (sr) typ_str = cvo_resolverOtype (sr)
Client programs may be written in any language that can interface to C code. Sample programs using the interface are provided as is a SWIG interface definition file. This inferface is based closely on the DAL client code produced for the 2005 NVOSS, as that interface evolves
| Sesame cvo_cacheObject | ( | Sesame | sr, | |
| char * | target | |||
| ) |
Store the object in the cache.
CVO_CACHEOBJECT -- Store the object in the cache.
| sr | handle to sesame query | |
| target | target name |
| handle cvo_nameResolver | ( | char * | name | ) |
Query the CDS Sesame name resolver service.
NAMERESOLVER -- Query the CDS Sesame service to resolve the target name to coordinates. The query is done when creating the Sesame object, thereafter we simply query the object data.
| target | name of target to be resolved |
| void svr_closeHandleContext | ( | int | context | ) |
Close a handle context.
SVR_CLOSEHANDLECONTEXT -- Close a handle context.
| context | Handle context |
| handle_t svr_newHandle | ( | int | context, | |
| void * | p | |||
| ) |
Public procedures
| int svr_newHandleContext | ( | char * | name, | |
| int | size | |||
| ) |
Get a new handle context.
SVR_NEWHANDLECONTEXT -- Get a new handle context.
| name | Context name (informational only) | |
| size | Max number of handles (not currently implemented) |
A context number is a small integer, e.g., like a file descriptor. The handle mechanism permits only a limited number of simultaneously active handler contexts (no need to make it more complex than that).
| Sesame voc_isCachedObject | ( | char * | target | ) |
See if the requested object is in the cache.
VOC_ISCACHEDOBJECT -- See if the requested object is in the cache.
| target | target name |


While most people use the “Data Exports, Reports and Stats” Application built into REDCap, another handy method to get data out of REDCap is an API request. An API allows one program to request data from another program. For example, an add-on package in R can request data from your instance of REDCap. Obviously, an R package can not type your user name and password. Instead, you will store an API token, a password, on your machine and then ask R to look up that token and pass it to REDCap whenever you want data.
We have used two R packages to access our REDCap
projects,redcapAPI
and REDCapR
. Unfortunately,
redcapAPI
is no longer being actively developed, and we
have run into problems with it. It had the lovely benefit of exporting
variables, basically using the same variable names as you see in REDCap,
then tagging the variables with the “labels” subjects viewed when
completing the forms.
that people taking REDCap surveys or viewing other forms see.
We have taken the labeling functionality and added it in tidyREDCap.
If your REDCap project has API access enabled, you will see it in the applications on the left side of the screen.
If you don’t see that option, talk to your project leader or the REDCap system administrator.
When you click the link you will be given the option to create an API Token for this project.
Once you have that token created, you can copy and paste it somewhere safe.
Leaders in the REDCap community have developed techniques for safely storing your REDCap API keys. Ask your REDCap systems administrators how they prefer you store API keys on your “local machine”.
The functions that allow you to export data need you to give them your API token. Remember, this is the same information as your username and password. NEVER type that directly in your code. That is if your REDCap API key is “1A2B3CXXYYZZOOMMGOSHNOOOOX1Y2Z3” do NOT do this:
# Do not type your API token directly into your code
tidyREDCap::import_instruments(
"https://redcap.miami.edu/api/",
"1A2B3CXXYYZZOOMMGOSHNOOOOX1Y2Z3" # This is BAD!
)
If you do this, anybody who gets a copy of your code will be able to access your REDCap project. Also, whenever your run this line of code, the API token will be saved into your R history files.
You can save your API keys into a “hidden” file containing code that
runs when you start R. That file is called you “.Renviron”. It can be a
bit of a pain to find. So your best plan is to install the
usethis
package, which contains helper functions, including
a function to find this file. If you use the RStudio interface, you can
add it using the Packages window pane or run these lines in the console
once.
install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_cran("usethis")
When it comes time to add packages to your copy of R, the
install_cran()
function in the remotes
package
is superior to the usual install.packages()
function
because it will first check to see if you already have the latest
version before bothering to download and install.
After installing usethis
you can access your “.Renviron”
file by typing this in your console.
usethis::edit_r_environ()
It will cause the file to open.
Create a name for your API key and add a like like this to your .Renviron file:
nacho_anxiety_key="1A2B3CXXYYZZOOMMGOSHNOOOOX1Y2Z3"
After adding the line, remember to save the file and completely restart R/RStudio.
Once R restarts, you can access the key like this:
tidyREDCap::import_instruments(
"https://redcap.miami.edu/api/",
Sys.getenv("nacho_anxiety_key")
)
If you want to use the redcapAPI or the REDCapR packages directly you can use the same trickery to pass your API key to their functions. For example:
rcon <- redcapAPI::redcapConnection(
url = 'https://redcap.miami.edu/api/',
token = Sys.getenv("nacho_anxiety_key")
)
redcap <- redcapAPI::exportRecords(rcon)
This includes a call to Sys.getenv()
to grab the key. To
learn more about working with APIs, look here.
If you are curious, when we made these help files, we saved the data
using the saveRDS()
function.
rcon <- redcapAPI::redcapConnection(
url = 'https://redcap.miami.edu/api/',
token = Sys.getenv("nacho_anxiety_key")
)
redcap <- redcapAPI::exportRecords(rcon)
saveRDS(redcap, file = "redcap.rds")
If somebody gets access to the files on your machine, they could find
and read your .Renviron file. A more secure option is to use the r
keyring
package. It will store an encrypted copy of your
API key in your machine’s credential store (i.e., the “keychain” on
macOS, the Credential Store on Windows, etc.). Consider using it. If you
use it and your machine is stolen, it will buy you more time to find an
internet connection, log into REDCap and change your API tokens (before
the thief can access your data).


The Fires of Heaven
Maps:
Caemlyn
Prologue: The First Sparks Fall
Fanning the Sparks
Rhuidean
Pale Shadows
Twilight
Among the Wise Ones
Gateways
A Departure
Over the Border
A Signal
Figs and Mice
The Nine Horse Hitch
An Old Pipe
A Small Room in Sienda
Meetings
What Can Be Learned in Dreams
An Unexpected Offer
Heading West
A Hound of Darkness
Memories
Jangai Pass
The Gift of a Blade
Birdcalls by Night
“The Fifth, I Give You”
A Message Sent
Dreams of Galad
Sallie Daera
The Practice of Diffidence
Trapped
Memories of Saldaea
A Wager
The Far Snows
A Short Spear
A Question of Crimson
A Silver Arrow
Ripped Away
A New Name
Performances in Samara
An Old Acquaintance
Encounters in Samara
The Wheel Weaves
The Craft of Kin Tovere
Before the Arrow
This Place, This Day
The Lesser Sadness
After the Storm
Other Battles, Other Weapons
The Price of a Ship
Leavetakings
To Boannda
To Teach, and Learn
News Comes to Cairhien
Choices
Fading Words
To Caemlyn
The Threads Burn
Glowing Embers
Glossary
Book 5 of
The Wheel of Time
Robert Jordan
Index of Books
|
Next—Book Six:
Lord of Chaos


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Kataegis is a localized hypermutation occurring when a region is enriched in somatic SNVs. Kataegis can result from multiple cytosine deaminations catalyzed by the AID/APOBEC family of proteins. This package contains functions to detect kataegis from SNVs in BED format. This package reports two scores per kataegic event, a hypermutation score and an APOBEC mediated kataegic score. Yousif, F. et al.; The Origins and Consequences of Localized and Global Somatic Hypermutation; Biorxiv 2018 <doi:10.1101/287839>.
| Version: | 0.0.6 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 2.15.1), foreach, doParallel |
| Imports: | Rcpp (≥ 0.11.0) |
| LinkingTo: | Rcpp |
| Suggests: | testthat, doMC, rmarkdown, knitr |
| Published: | 2018-03-29 |
| Author: | Fouad Yousif, Xihui Lin, Fan Fan, Christopher Lalansingh |
| Maintainer: | Paul C. Boutros <Paul.Boutros at oicr.on.ca> |
| License: | GPL-2 |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| Materials: | NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | SeqKat results |
| Reference manual: | SeqKat.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
SeqKat |
| Package source: | SeqKat_0.0.6.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: SeqKat_0.0.6.zip, r-release: SeqKat_0.0.6.zip, r-oldrel: SeqKat_0.0.6.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: SeqKat_0.0.6.tgz, r-oldrel: SeqKat_0.0.6.tgz |
| Old sources: | SeqKat archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=SeqKat to link to this page.


The definitions and rules of the 1-Wire File Structure are sufficient to store multiple files in nested directories using device capacities up to 64K bytes. These devices may be organized as 4...256 pages of 32...256 bytes. The rules given in this document are scaleable to all combinations of memory organization within this range. (Note that in all discussions of iButton data structure, the first available page of memory is called page 0.)
The TMEX API implements a subset of the following 1-Wire File Structure specification.
Data Organization
The data organization of the 1-Wire File Structure is very similar to that of a floppy disk. A sector of a floppy roughly corresponds to a page of an iButton. The directory tells which files are stored, where the data is located in the device, and how many pages it occupies. In this way information can be randomly accessed for quick response.
The organization of data within a page of a file or directory is shown below. (The numbers shown assume a 32 byte page length, but the same structure applies for devices with page lengths up to 256 bytes.)
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| length | data | cont.- | /CRC16 | not |
| binary |ASCII or binary| pointer | binary | used |
| 1...29 | | binary | | |
| 1 byte | 0 to 28 bytes | 1 byte | 2 bytes | 28 to 0 |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
Each page of a file or directory begins with a length byte, contains a continuation pointer, and ends with an inverted CRC16 check. The continuation pointer is the page address where the file or directory is continued. A continuation pointer value of 0 marks the last page. The length byte indicates how many valid bytes a page contains, not counting the length byte itself or the CRC. The CRC calculation, however, also includes the length byte. The CRC accumulator is initialized by setting it equal to the iButton page number. Every byte of a page is transmitted to or from an iButton least significant bit first. The length byte is the first to be transmitted. Of the two CRC bytes, the least significant will be sent first.
Each touch memory must be formatted before it can be used with the 1-Wire file structure. During the process of formatting, the root directory file is created. The root directory always begins in the first page of the iButton (page 0). The organization of data within the first page of the root directory is shown below:
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| length |control| file entries |cont.- |/CRC16 | not |
| binary | data |ASCII & binary|pointer|binary | used |
| 8...29 | | |binary | | |
| 1 byte |7 bytes| 0 to 21 bytes|1 byte |2 bytes|21 to 0|
+--------+-------+--------------------------------------+
| |
+--------+ +--------------------------------------+
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------|
| directory | re- | bitmap | bitmap of used pages or |
| mark |served| control | address of bitmap file |
| "AA" | "00" | xyyyyyzp | 4 byte binary number |
| 1 byte |1 byte| 1 byte | LS-byte/ / /MS-byte |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
Instead of data, the directory contains management information and file entries. The control field of seven bytes has the same length as a file entry. The bitmap supports TMEX in allocation of memory space for writing files. In the bitmap, used pages are marked with a 1, empty pages with a 0. The least significant bit corresponds to page 0. This local bitmap is only used for non-EPROM devices with less then 32 pages of data. All other devices have remote bitmap files. In large NV-RAM iButton the bitmap file page number refers to normal data space. In EPROM devices the page number refers to status memory. For EPROM devices the unprogrammed state is 1 and the programmed state is 0. Due to this constraint the bits in the EPROM bitmap's are inverted. An empty page has a 1 and an occupied page has a 0.
The most significant bit, "x", of the bitmap control byte specifies whether the bitmap is stored immediately in the first directory packet or in a separate file. If this bit is a 1, the 4 byte bitmap immediately follows the bitmap control byte. If this bit is a 0, the two bytes following the bitmap control byte are zero. The "y" bits in the bitmap control byte specify directory attributes. These bits are from most significant to least significant.
read-only : The directory that contains this attribute and all files and sub-directories can be read but not deleted or modified. If it is set on the root level then the entire device is read-only.The "z" bit in the bitmap control byte is not used. The least significant bit "p" is an in-progress bit. This bit can be set when doing non-interruptible operations like file optimization. Note that TMEX does not set this attribute because none of its operations are non-interruptible. The bit is cleared after the operations are complete.
The next two bytes contain the starting page address and the number of pages required by the bitmap file. Note that the bitmap or the nameless bitmap file is created during the process of formatting. Continuation pages of the directory don't need a control field. This space is available to store another file entry.
File entries consist of the 4-byte file name, one-byte file extension, the starting page address where the file begins, and the number of pages the file occupies. This structure is shown below:
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| file name | extension | start page | # pages |
| ASCII, blank filled, | binary | binary | binary |
| left justified | aeeeeeee | | |
| 4 bytes | 1 byte | 1 byte | 1 byte |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
File names must consist of ASCII characters only, as with DOS. However, if the first byte of a file entry has a value greater than 127, then it represents the first byte of an extended directory entry. The extended directory entry is a 7-byte or multiple 7-byte data packet that applies to the next directory entry. Each 7-byte data packet must have a first byte greater than 127. The additional bytes in an extended directory entry may be used to specify additional file attributes, passwords, file ownership, date/time stamps, and other special-purpose information regarding the file.
The 7 least significant "e" bits of the extension represent the extension number of the file entry. Extensions 0-99 decimal are reserved for normal file entries, 100 for an AddFile that resides on an EPROM iButton device and 101 for a Monetary File that is only created on a DS1962, DS1963, DS2422 and DS2423. The data page of the Monetary File can only be located on a page that has a corresponding counter. If a page with a counter is not available on the device then the Monetary File will not be created. Extension 127 decimal designates a sub-directory. Extensions 102-126 are reserved for future specialty file types. The most significant bit of the file extension "a" is an attribute flag for the entry. If it is set and the entry is a normal file with extensions 0-99 then the file is read-only. If it is set and the entry is a sub-directory with extension 127 then the sub-directory is hidden. File entries denoting sub-directories contain the real "start page" of the sub-directory file. The "# pages" specifier for a sub-directory entry does not contain a valid number. It always contains 0 and need not be updated when the length of a sub-directory file changes. A sub-directory file contains a back reference to the next higher directory file. If there is no higher sub-directory file the entry will be "ROOT". The start page of ROOT is always 0. The first packet of a sub-directory file has the following structure:
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| length |control| file entries |cont.- |/CRC16 | not |
| binary | data |ASCII & binary|pointer|binary | used |
| 8...29 | | |binary | | |
| 1 byte |7 bytes| 0 to 21 bytes|1 byte |2 bytes|21 to 0|
+--------+-------+--------------------------------------+
| |
+--------+ +--------------------------------------+
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------|
| directory | re- | reference to higher | start page |
| mark |served| directory level | higher dir. |
| "AA" | "00" | ASCII | binary |
| 1 byte |1 byte| 4 bytes | 1 byte |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
Again, the numbers shown above presume a 32-byte page length, but the basic structure applies for greater page lengths. A continuation packet of a root directory or a sub-directory file follows the definition of a data packet. It has the following structure:
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| length | file entries | cont.- | /CRC16 | not |
| binary | ASCII & binary| pointer | binary | used |
| 1...29 | (0 ... 4) | binary | | |
| 1 byte | 0 to 28 bytes | 1 byte | 2 bytes | 28 to 0 |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
The 1-Wire File Structure is carefully designed to provide high speed and optimal performance in a Touch environment. Every memory page can be read, CRC-checked or written without the need to access other pages. If a file is modified, only the affected pages need to be rewritten. This provides a significant speed advantage. Pages of a file need not be contiguous. Files can be extended by redefining continuation pointers. Files can be grouped into nested sub-directories. Attributes defined for a directory apply for all files within it. The iButton file structure also accommodates future types of iButtons with up to 256 pages with a maximum of 256 bytes per page.
The notes below summarize many of the significant properties of the 1-Wire File Structure as specified above. These notes may be helpful in understanding the implications of the 1-Wire File Structure with regard to data storage and management.
See Also


Hey folks! The time is upon us: [SAND]'s 4th Birthday!! We’re excited to celebrate our roots in Dry Top with you this year. We’ll have an open Discord, lots of chatting, trivia and more to win prizes, and, of course... T6 Dry Top! Come get those precious Geodes and get to the cheapest Dry Top vendors possible in the game with us!
We encourage new and veteran players alike to join us for the fun. Prizes are going to be available for winning to everyone present. All we ask that you bring is a celebratory and friendly spirit, the willingness to work together, and some fun! Please never feel shy to ask questions about Dry Top or to offer a helping hand in an area! Teamwork is what Dry Top is all about, and celebrating our birthday is no exception to that truth!
Friday, July 19th 2019: Free day. Get a squad together, start with a world boss train, then split up where folks would like to go. Dungeons or Fractals, karaoke in Discord, merriment! Whatever folks feel like doing, excluding difficult collection or mount collection help.
Saturday, July 20th 2019:
Sunday July 21st (BIRTHDAY!):
🎂🍰🎈🎁🎂🍰🎈🎁🎂🍰🎈🎁


Manual mocks are used to stub out functionality with mock data. For example, instead of accessing a remote resource like a website or a database, you might want to create a manual mock that allows you to use fake data. This ensures your tests will be fast and not flaky.
Manual mocks are defined by writing a module in a
__mocks__/
subdirectory immediately adjacent to the module.
For example, to mock a module called user
in the
models
directory, create a file called
user.js
and put it in the
models/__mocks__
directory. Note that the
__mocks__
folder is case-sensitive, so naming the directory
__MOCKS__
will break on some systems.
When we require that module in our tests, then explicitly calling
jest.mock('./moduleName')
is required.
If the module you are mocking is a Node module (e.g.:
lodash
), the mock should be placed in the
__mocks__
directory adjacent to
node_modules
(unless you configured
roots
to
point to a folder other than the project root) and will be
automatically mocked. There’s no need to explicitly call
jest.mock('module_name')
.
Scoped modules can be mocked by creating a file in a directory structure
that matches the name of the scoped module. For example, to mock a scoped
module called @scope/project-name
, create a file at
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>, creating the
@scope/
directory accordingly.
Warning: If we want to mock Node’s core modules (e.g.:
fs
orpath
), then explicitly calling e.g.jest.mock('path')
is required, because core Node modules are not mocked by default.
.
├── config
├── __mocks__
│ └── fs.js
├── models
│ ├── __mocks__
│ │ └── user.js
│ └── user.js
├── node_modules
└── views
When a manual mock exists for a given module, Jest’s module system will
use that module when explicitly calling
jest.mock('moduleName')
. However, when
automock
is set to true
, the manual mock
implementation will be used instead of the automatically created mock,
even if jest.mock('moduleName')
is not called. To opt out of
this behavior you will need to explicitly call
jest.unmock('moduleName')
in tests that should use the actual
module implementation.
Note: In order to mock properly, Jest needs
jest.mock('moduleName')
to be in the same scope as therequire/import
statement.
Here’s a contrived example where we have a module that provides a summary
of all the files in a given directory. In this case we use the core (built
in) fs
module.
// FileSummarizer.js
'use strict';
const fs = require('fs');
function summarizeFilesInDirectorySync(directory) {
return fs.readdirSync(directory).map((fileName) => ({
directory,
fileName,
}));
}
exports.summarizeFilesInDirectorySync = summarizeFilesInDirectorySync;
Since we’d like our tests to avoid actually hitting the disk (that’s
pretty slow and fragile), we create a manual mock for the
fs
module by extending an automatic mock. Our manual mock
will implement custom versions of the fs
APIs that we can
build on for our tests:
// __mocks__/fs.js
'use strict';
const path = require('path');
const fs = jest.genMockFromModule('fs');
// This is a custom function that our tests can use during setup to specify
// what the files on the "mock" filesystem should look like when any of the
// `fs` APIs are used.
let mockFiles = Object.create(null);
function __setMockFiles(newMockFiles) {
mockFiles = Object.create(null);
for (const file in newMockFiles) {
const dir = path.dirname(file);
if (!mockFiles[dir]) {
mockFiles[dir] = [];
}
mockFiles[dir].push(path.basename(file));
}
}
// A custom version of `readdirSync` that reads from the special mocked out
// file list set via __setMockFiles
function readdirSync(directoryPath) {
return mockFiles[directoryPath] || [];
}
fs.__setMockFiles = __setMockFiles;
fs.readdirSync = readdirSync;
module.exports = fs;
Now we write our test. Note that we need to explicitly tell that we want
to mock the fs
module because it’s a core Node module:
// __tests__/FileSummarizer-test.js
'use strict';
jest.mock('fs');
describe('listFilesInDirectorySync', () => {
const MOCK_FILE_INFO = {
'/path/to/file1.js': 'console.log("file1 contents");',
'/path/to/file2.txt': 'file2 contents',
};
beforeEach(() => {
// Set up some mocked out file info before each test
require('fs').__setMockFiles(MOCK_FILE_INFO);
});
test('includes all files in the directory in the summary', () => {
const FileSummarizer = require('../FileSummarizer');
const fileSummary =
FileSummarizer.summarizeFilesInDirectorySync('/path/to');
expect(fileSummary.length).toBe(2);
});
});
The example mock shown here uses
jest.genMockFromModule
to generate an automatic mock, and overrides its default behavior. This is
the recommended approach, but is completely optional. If you do not want
to use the automatic mock at all, you can simply export your own functions
from the mock file. One downside to fully manual mocks is that they’re
manual – meaning you have to manually update them any time the module they
are mocking changes. Because of this, it’s best to use or extend the
automatic mock when it works for your needs.
To ensure that a manual mock and its real implementation stay in sync, it
might be useful to require the real module using
jest.requireActual(moduleName)
in your manual mock and
amending it with mock functions before exporting it.
The code for this example is available at examples/manual-mocks.
If you’re using
ES module imports
then you’ll normally be inclined to put your
import
statements at the top of the test file. But often you
need to instruct Jest to use a mock before modules use it. For this
reason, Jest will automatically hoist jest.mock
calls to the
top of the module (before any imports). To learn more about this and see
it in action, see
this repo.
If some code uses a method which JSDOM (the DOM implementation used by
Jest) hasn’t implemented yet, testing it is not easily possible. This is
e.g. the case with window.matchMedia()
. Jest returns
TypeError: window.matchMedia is not a function
and doesn’t
properly execute the test.
In this case, mocking matchMedia
in the test file should
solve the issue:
window.matchMedia = jest.fn().mockImplementation((query) => {
return {
matches: false,
media: query,
onchange: null,
addListener: jest.fn(),
removeListener: jest.fn(),
};
});
This works if window.matchMedia()
is used in a function (or
method) which is invoked in the test. If
window.matchMedia()
is executed directly in the tested file,
Jest reports the same error. In this case, the solution is to move the
manual mock into a separate file and include this one in the test
before the tested file:


-
Re Portland: there's a lot of beautiful architecture. So many old buildings and churches.
-
I'm a sucker for columns. http://bit.ly/1PrZ0Sc
-
Sacajawea http://bit.ly/20XJmhX
-
Biscuits for Breakfast. 😊
-
Now this is what Portland is about. #coffee http://bit.ly/1r4kGrN
-
Tired. #PyCon has beaten me.

-
Great talks, great people, but I'm exhausted.
-
I can't imagine nicer Portland weather.
-
A Pork Katsu Torta? Yes please!
-
some awesome lightning talks #pycon2016
-
Oh no. Other Mac apps are doing the whole "jump to the cursor on-click like iMessage does" thing. Please fix this Apple.
-
Automation > Process #pycon2016
-
All of the talks are closed captioned. I feel so bad for them, so much jargon.
-
Up next: "The Cobbler's Children have no Shoes."
-
Seriously, their apps are so ridiculously good.
-
The one thing I miss most after leaving Twitter: @tweetbot.
-
define your charaters (funtions) before they're used. #pycon2016
-
programming style as storytelling. great idea.


{% include "includes/account-name-number.html" %}Aeronautical engineering
Provider
Hackney skills & training Ltd
Contract reference
98HGS3F
Apprenticeship Overview
Apprenticeship level
Level 2 NVQ
Endpoint assessor
Pham Assessment Ltd
Training start date
20th July 2018
Payments
Date of first payment
20th August 2018
Total agreed
£2,987.24
Current total
£2,987.24
Total paid
£0
View details
Left to pay
£2,987.24
View details
Apprentices
David Jenkins
Susan Hamazaki
Eden Tierney
Freddie Dikla
September Logan
Florence Hadar
Greer Merlyn


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
We take pride in our work, and it shows. Every time you order a beverage from us, we guarantee that it will be an experience worth having. Whether it's our world famous Venezuelan Cappuccino, a refreshing iced herbal tea, or something as simple as a cup of speciality sourced black coffee, you will be coming back for more.
{{ item.description }}
Dark Chocolate, Smoke, Nuts
Smooth and creamy matcha is lightly sweetened and served with steamed milk.
Black tea infused with warm clove, cardamom, cinnamon & ginger notes.
New Amsterdam Vodka and Pear liquer in a sugar rimmed glass.
Seagrams Gin, Dry Vermouth, pickle juice, olive juice.
House infused rosemary vodka, St. Germaine Elderflower liqueur, grapefruit juice and a splash of soda.
Sustainably raised Argentine red shrimp, fried golden brown and served with chipotle mayonnaise for dipping.
Add marinara or tartar: $2Crusty sliced Italian bread topped with basil, extra virgin olive oil, chopped tomatoes, garlic and fresh mozzarella cheese. Baked until it is nice and crispy and served with a side of balsamic reduction.
Jack and cheddar cheese, chopped mild green chilies in a pan grilled flour tortilla. Served with sour cream, guacamole and fresh pico de gallo.
A bagel topped with Cheddar cheese, poppy seeds, sesame seeds, onion and garlic.
House made corn tortilla chips, melted cheddar-Jack cheese, mild Anaheim chile salsa, refried beans, guacamole & sour cream
A flaky pastry folded around reduced-fat cream cheese.
Tanzanian coffee may not have garnered as much attention as fellow African countries like Kenya and Ethiopia, but there is plenty of stellar coffee to be had from its producers.
As a coffee origin, Peru is inspiring for the way in which it’s pushed its way into the limelight over the past decade. Historically overshadowed by neighboring Colombia and Brazil, Peruvian farmers were not to be outdone.
The Nano Challa washing station produces some of the most celebrated coffee in all of Western Ethiopia. Intense, lively, and sparkling — these offerings exemplify what makes Ethiopian coffees so wonderful.
Crabmeat, chopped scallops, mushrooms, Jack cheese, seasoned bread crumbs, white wine and butter stuffing.
Chunks of tender, flavorful marinated sirloin sautéed with garlic and black pepper, finished with button mushrooms and a beef demi-glace. (Degree of doneness will vary slightly due to variations in size of chunks). Accompanied by Gorgonzola spiked garlic smashed potatoes. Served with choice of additional side.
Fresh roasted garlic rigatoni with a light sauce of extra virgin California olive oil, fresh chopped tomatoes, basil, garlic, black pepper and a dash of crushed red pepper. Garnished with sun dried tomatoes and shaved parmesan.
caramel, chocolate, citrus, and floral
$7


Skills
I love development and design. I'm most comfortable with front-end technologies like React and Redux, but I have also done a lot of work in back-end technologies like Express(Node). I'm a big fan of functional programming.
Coding Skills
Programming Languages- JavaScript
- Python
- Java
- C++
- Arduino
- Node.js
- (No)Sql
- Nginx
- Serverless
- React
- HTML5
- CSS3
- Sass
- JQuery
Tools
Version Control Systems- Git
- SVN
- Webpack
- Gulp
- Telugu
- English
- Hindi
Experience
I'm trying to learn and gain as much experience as possible each year.
Work
Remarkable Software ServicesIt is focused on casino games. I'm responsible for implementing backend in Node.js. Then I created a blackjack game using meteor, helping them to move from unity to web(universal)
Education
Vignan UniversityI chose electronics background and discontinued because of entrepreneurial bug
Experiences
VolunteeringHelping people to learn code at freecodecamp
Projects
My most recent work is in development, I have done web development and game development (which I both love to do).
Contact
Thanks for visiting my website!
If you have an offer or just want to say hi, you can contact me by sending an email or filling out this form.
 Don’t be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people’s thinking. Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary. – Steve Jobs, June 12, 2005.


To Be Hero
Coming Soon
toBeHero is a graduation project for the education year 2020-2021.
the platform provides an easy way for parents to hire a mentor for their kids to have a better educated kids through an one-to-one video call mentorship.
toBeHero is a graduation project for the education year 2020-2021.
the platform provides an easy way for parents to hire a mentor for their kids to have a better educated kids through an one-to-one video call mentorship.
Prof. Mohammed Badawy
T.A. Andrew Nader
Mohammed Sobhi
Mohammed Ramadan
Mohammed Ali
Osama Mohammed
Islam Mohammed
Mohammed Ibrahim
Mahmoud Serag


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