| Network Working Group | J. Richer, Ed. |
| Internet-Draft | Bespoke Engineering |
| Intended status: Standards Track | July 8, 2019 |
| Expires: January 9, 2020 |
Transactional Authorization
draft-richer-transactional-authz-02
This document defines a mechanism for delegating authorization to a piece of software, and conveying that delegation to the software.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 RFC 2119 RFC 8174 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on January 9, 2020.
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This protocol allows a piece of software to request delegated authorization to an API, protected by an authorization server usually on behalf of a resource owner.
The Authorization Server (AS) manages the transactions. It is defined by its transaction endpoint, a single URL that accepts a POST request with a JSON payload. The AS MAY also have other endpoints, including interaction endpoints and user code endpoints, and these are introduced to the RC as needed during the transaction process.
The Resource Client (RC) requests tokens from the AS and uses tokens at the RS.
The Resource Server (RS) accepts tokens from the RC and validates them (potentially at the AS).
The Resource Owner (RO) authorizes the request from the RC to the RS, often interactively at the AS.
To start a transaction, the RC makes a transaction request to the transaction endpoint of the AS. The RC creates a JSON [RFC8259] document with five primary sections, included as members of a root JSON object.
Each section consists of either a JSON object or an array of JSON objects, as described in the subsections below. Many sections MAY be represented by an appropriate handle instead as described in Section 9. In such cases, the section is replaced entirely by the handle presentation, which is a single string instead of a JSON object. The RC MAY present additional sections as defined by extensions of this specification. The AS MUST ignore any sections that it does not understand.
This section provides descriptive details of the RC software making the call. This section is a JSON object, and all fields are OPTIONAL. The RC MAY send additional fields, and the AS MUST ignore all fields that it does not understand.
client: { name: "Display Name", uri: "https://example.com/client" }
The AS SHOULD use this information in presenting any authorization screens to the RO during interaction.
The client information MAY instead be presented as a client handle reference Section 9.4.
This section identifies what the RC wants to do with the API hosted at the RS. This section is a JSON array of objects, each object representing a single resource or resource set. That AS MUST interpret the request as being for all of the resources listed.
resources: [ { actions: ["read", "write"], locations: ["https://exapmle.com/resource"] data: ["foo", "bar"] } ]
This can also be presented as a set of resource handle references Section 9.5, or a combination of handles and resource structures.
This section provides a verifiable assertion about the person interacting with the RC on behalf of the request. This person MAY be the RO or MAY be another party.
user: { assertion: "eyj0....", type: "oidc_id_token" }
This can also be presented as a user handle reference Section 9.6.
This section provides details of how the RC can interact with the RO. All interact requests MUST have the "type" field.
Each interaction type has its own parameters and behaviors, detailed below.
This section MUST NOT be represented by a handle reference. (Note: this decision is largely due to the "state" and "callback" being variable per transaction. We could allow a handle but restrict it to device-only -- but in that case, it's simpler and shorter to just send the device type.)
This section lists the keys that the RC can present proof of ownership. The RC MUST send at least one key. The RC MAY send more than one key, but only one key of each type. (Note: Do we want to have multiple keys of various types instead?)
The RC MUST provide proof of possession of all presented keysSection 10. All presented keys MUST be validated by the AS as per the Key Validation section.
This section MAY also be presented as a key handle reference Section 9.7. The keys referenced by a handle MUST be validated by the AS.
The following non-normative example shows all three key methods:
key: { jwks: { keys: [ alg: RS256, kty: ... ] }, cert: "MII....", did: "did:v:foo...." }
When evaluating a transaction request, the AS MAY determine that it needs to have the RO present to interact with the AS before issuing a token. This interaction can include the RO logging in to the AS, authorizing the transaction, providing proof claims, determining if the transaction decision should be remembered for the future, and other items.
The AS responds to the RC based on the type of interaction supported by the RC in the transaction request.
This response can indicate a set of keys are bound to the transaction as in Key Binding. This response includes a transaction handle as described in Section 9.3.
If the RC supports a "redirect" style interaction, the AS creates a unique interaction URL and returns it to the RC. This URL MUST be associated with a single pending transaction.
{ interaction_url: "https://server.example.com/interact/123asdfklj", handle: { value: "tghji76ytghj9876tghjko987yh", type: "bearer" } }
When the RC receives this response, it MUST launch the system browser, redirect the RO through an HTTP 302 response, display the URL through a scannable barcode, or otherwise send the RO to the interaction URL. The RC MUST NOT modify the interaction URL or append anything to it, including any query parameters, fragments, or special headers.
The interaction URL MUST be reachable from the RO's browser, though note that the RO MAY open the interaction URL on a separate device from the RC itself. The interaction URL MUST be accessible from an HTTP GET request, and MUST be protected by HTTPS or equivalent means.
Upon receiving an incoming request at the interaction URL, the AS MUST determine the transaction associated with this unique URL. If the transaction is not found, an error is returned to the end user through the browser and the AS MUST NOT attempt to redirect to a callback URL. When interacting with the RO, the AS MAY perform any of the behaviors in the User Interaction section Section 5.
If the RC has supplied a callback URL in its interact request Section 2.4, the AS returns the user to the RC by redirecting the RO's browser to the RC's callback URL presented at the start of the transaction, with the addition of two query parameters.
Upon processing this request to the callback URL, the RC MUST match the state value to the value it sent in the original transaction request. The RC then sends a transaction continuation request with the transaction handle returned in the interaction response and the (hash of?) the interaction handle returned as a query parameter to the callback URL.
The RC sends (the hash of? example here is hashed) the interaction handle as the "interact_handle" field of the transaction continuation requestSection 7, using the transaction handle Section 7 returned in the most recent transaction response from the AS.
{ "handle": "80UPRY5NM33OMUKMKSKU", "interact_handle": "CuD9MrpSXVKvvI6dN1awtNLx-HhZy46hJFDBicG4KoZaCmBofvqPxtm7CDMTsUFuvcmLwi_zUN70cCvalI6ENw" }
If the RC supports a "device" style interaction, the AS creates a unique interaction code and returns it to the RC. The RC communicates this code to the RO and instructs the RO to enter the code at a URL hosted by the AS.
{ user_code: "ABCD1234" user_code_url: "https://server.example.com/device", wait: 30, handle: { value: "tghji76ytghj9876tghjko987yh", type: "bearer" } }
When the RC receives this response, it MUST communicate the user code to the RO. If possible the RC SHOULD communicate the interaction URL to the user as well.
When the RO enters the unique user code at the user code URL, the AS MUST determine which active transaction is associated with the user code. If a transaction is not found, the AS MUST return an error page to the user and MUST NOT attempt to redirect to a callback URL. The AS MAY use any mechanism to interact with the RO as listed in Section 5.
Note that this method is strictly for allowing the user to enter a code at a static URL. If the AS wishes to communicate a pre-composed URL to the RO containing both the user code and the URL at which to enter it, the AS MUST use the "interaction_url" Section 3.1 redirect mechanism instead as this allows the client to communicate an arbitrary interaction URL to the RO.
If the AS needs the RC to wait before it can give a definitive response to a transaction continue requestSection 7, the AS replies to the transaction request with a wait response. This tells the RC that it can poll the transaction after a set amount of time.
This response includes a transaction handle as in Transaction Handle Section 9.3.
{ wait: 30, handle: { value: "tghji76ytghj9876tghjko987yh", type: "bearer" } }
When the RO is interacting with the AS at the interaction endpoint, the AS MAY perform whatever actions it sees fit, including but not limited to:
When the AS has concluded interacting with the RO, the AS MUST determine if the RC has registered a callback URL and state parameter for this transaction. If so, the AS MUST redirect the RO's browser to the callback URL as described in Section 3. If the AS detects an error condition, such as an unknown transaction, an untrustworthy callback URL, an untrustworthy client, or suspicious RO behavior, the AS MUST return an error to the RO's browser and MUST NOT redirect to the callback URL.
If the AS determines that the token cannot be issued for any reason, it responds to the RC with an error message. This message does not include a transaction handle, and the RC can no longer poll for this transaction. The RC MAY create a new transaction and start again.
{ error: user_denied }
TODO: we should have a more robust error mechanism. Current candidate list of errors:
Once a transaction has begun, the AS associates that transaction with a transaction handleSection 9.3 which is returned to the RC in one of the transaction responses Section 3.1, Section 3.3, Section 4.
The RC continues the transaction by making a request with the transaction handle in the body of the request. The RC MAY add additional fields to the transaction continuation request, such as the interaction handle return in the callback response Section 3.
{ handle: "tghji76ytghj9876tghjko987yh" }
The RC MUST prove all keys initially sent in the transaction requestSection 2.5 as described in Section 10.
key: { access_token: { value: "08ur4kahfga09u23rnkjasdf", type: "bearer" }, handle: { value: "tghji76ytghj9876tghjko987yh", type: "bearer" } }
A bearer style access token MUST be presented using the Header method of OAuth 2 Bearer Tokens [RFC6750]. A sha3 style access token is hashed as described in Section 9.1 and presented using the Header method of OAuth 2 Bearer Tokens [RFC6750].
An access token MAY be bound to any keys presented by the client during the transaction request. A bound access token MUST be presented with proof of the key as described in Section 10.
A handle in this protocol is a value presented from one party to another as proof that they are the appropriate party for part of the transaction. Handles can be used to reference the transaction as a whole, or one of its constituent parts. When a handle is used to represent a part of a transaction request, the handle presentation replaces the original value. In practical terms, this often means that the values of a transaction request are either an object (when the full value is used) or a single string (when the handle is used).
Bearer handles are presented by giving the exact string value of the handle in the appropriate place.
SHA3 handles are validated by taking the SHA3 hash of the handle value and encoding it in Base64URL with no padding, and presenting the encoded value.
Bearer handles are validated by doing an exact byte comparison of the string representation of the handle value.
SHA3 handles are validated by taking the SHA3 hash of the handle value and encoding it in Base64URL with no padding, and comparing that using an exact byte comparison with the presented value.
Transaction handles are issued by the AS to the RC to allow the RC to continue a transaction after every step. A transaction handle MUST be discarded after it is used by both the AS and the RC. A transaction MUST have only a single handle associated with it at any time. If the AS determines that the RC can still continue the transaction after a handle has been used, a new transaction handle will be issued in its place. If the AS does not issue a transaction handle in its response to the RC, the RC MUST NOT continue that transaction.
Transaction handles always represent the current state of the transaction which they reference.
Transactions can be continued by the RC if the AS needs to interact with the ROSection 5 and the RC is expecting a callbackSection 3 or if the AS is still waiting on some external conditionSection 4 while the RC is polling. The transaction MAY also be continued after an access token is issued Section 8 as a means of refreshing an access token with the same rights associated with the transaction.
RC handles stand in for the client section of the initial transaction requestSection 2.1. The AS MAY issue a client handle to a RC as part of a static registration process, analogous to a client ID in OAuth 2, allowing the RC to be associated with an AS-side configuration that does not change at runtime. Such static processes SHOULD be bound to a set of keys known only to the RC software.
Client handles MAY be issued by the RS in response to a transaction request. The AS MAY associate the client handle to the interact, resource, and key handles issued in the same response, requiring them to be used together. When the RC receives this handle, it MAY present the handle in future transaction requests instead of sending its information again.
{ handle: { value: "tghji76ytghj9876tghjko987yh", method: "bearer" }, client_handle: { value: "absc2948afgdkjnasdf9082ur3kjasdfasdf89", method: "bearer" } }
The RC sends its handle in lieu of the client block of the transaction request:
{ client: "absc2948afgdkjnasdf9082ur3kjasdfasdf89" }
Resource handles stand in for the detailed resource request in the transaction requestSection 2.2. Resource handles MAY be created by the authorization server as static stand-ins for specific resource requests, analogous to OAuth2 scopes.
Resource handles MAY be issued by the RS in response to a transaction request. In such cases, the resource handle returned represents the total of all resources
{ handle: { value: "tghji76ytghj9876tghjko987yh", method: "bearer" }, resource_handle: { value: "foo", method: "bearer" } }
The RC sends its handle in lieu of the resource block of the future transaction request:
{ resources: ["foo"] }
Handles and object values MAY be combined in a single request.
{ resources: [ "foo", { actions: ["read", "write"], locations: ["https://exapmle.com/resource"] data: ["foo", "bar"] } ] }
[[ Strawman idea: ]]
In order to facilitate dynamic API protection, an RS MAY pre-register a resource handle in response to an unauthorized request from the RC. In this scenario, the RS creates a transaction request with no client information but describing the resources being protected [[Note: this is currently at odds with the required format above, perhaps this should be a special mode or flag? We could still use the "keys" section here though.]] The AS returns a resource handle to the RS, which then communicates both the resource handle and the AS transaction endpoint to the RC. The RC then begins its transaction as normal, using the resource handle as one of perhaps several resources it requests.
User handles MAY be issued by the AS in response to validating a specific RO during a transaction and stand in for the user section of a transaction requestSection 2.3. This handle MAY refer to the RO that interacted with the AS, the user presented by claims in the transaction request, or a combination of these. This handle can be used in future transactions to represent the current user, analogous to the persistent claims token of UMA 2.
{ handle: { value: "tghji76ytghj9876tghjko987yh", method: "bearer" }, user_handle: { value: "absc2948afgdkjnasdf9082ur3kjasdfasdf89", method: "bearer" } }
The RC sends its handle in lieu of the user block of the transaction request:
{ user: "absc2948afgdkjnasdf9082ur3kjasdfasdf89" }
Key handles stand in for the keys section of the initial transaction requestSection 2.5. The AS MAY issue a key handle to a RC as part of a static registration process, allowing the RC to be associated with an AS-side configuration that does not change at runtime.
Key handles MAY be issued by the AS in response to a transaction request. The AS SHOULD bind this handle to the client, resource, and user handles issued in the same response. When the RC receives this handle, it MAY present the handle in future transaction requests instead of sending its information again.
{ handle: { value: "tghji76ytghj9876tghjko987yh", method: "bearer" }, key_handle: { value: "absc2948afgdkjnasdf9082ur3kjasdfasdf89", method: "bearer" } }
The RC sends its handle in lieu of the client block of the transaction request:
{ key: "absc2948afgdkjnasdf9082ur3kjasdfasdf89" }
When the AS receives a key handle, it MUST validate that the keys referenced by the handle are bound to the current transaction request.
Any keys presented by the RC to the AS or RS MUST be validated as part of the transaction in which they are presented. Any keys bound to the transaction are indicated by the bound_keys section of the transaction response. Any keys referenced in this section MUST be used with all future transaction requests.
All keys presented by the RC in the transaction requestSection 2 MUST be proved in all transaction continuation requestsSection 7 for that transaction. The AS MUST validate all keys presented by the RC or referenced in the transaction.
To sign a request to the transaction endpoint, the RC takes the serialized body of the request and signs it using detached JWS [RFC7797]. The header of the JWS MUST contain the kid field of the key bound to this RC during this transaction. The header MUST contain an alg field appropriate for the key identified by kid and MUST NOT be none.
The RC presents the signature in the JWS-Signature HTTP Header field. [Note: this is a custom header field, do we need this?]
JWS-Signature: eyj0....
When the AS receives the JWS-Signature header, it MUST parse its contents as a detached JWS object. The HTTP Body is used as the payload for purposes of validating the JWS, with no transformations.
The RC presents its client certificate during TLS negotiation with the server (either AS or RS). The AS or RS takes the thumbprint of the client certificate presented during mutual TLS negotiation and compares that thumbprint to the thumbprint presented by the RC application.
[[ Note: validation of DID-based keys could potentially be either detached JWS or MTLS, depending on the type of key used, or some other validation mechanism. ]] The RC signs the request using [some HTTP signing mechanism] and its private key, and attaches the signature to the HTTP request using [a header method?]. [Note: is DID just a key-lookup mechanism here or should we use a different kind of crypto method as well?]
This specification creates one registry and registers several values into existing registries.
All requests have to be over TLS or equivalent. Many handles act as shared secrets, though they can be combined with a requirement to provide proof of a key as well.
Handles are passed between parties and therefore should be stateful and not contain any internal structure or information, which could leak private data.
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- TFMesos is a lightweight framework to help running distributed Tensorflow Machine Learning tasks on Apache Mesos with GPU support.


The internet functions as a web. It is made up of servers, which host files written in HTML for internet browsers to interpret. When someone wants to go to a website their computer sends an HTTP request to a server, which then sends back the appropriate HTML document for their web browser to interpret.
Hypertext Markup Language documents contain text content which is the buidling blocks for what the web page will look like when viewed through a browser. To write in HTML one uses a series of different tags that surround elements which tell the browser how to display the content. Some of these elements can be described as inlnineor block elements.  Meaning that they are extremely literal and can't make simple corrections that a human could. For example, a small typo could ruin an entire section of code because the computer will only read it exactly how it is written.
Here is an example of adding a hyperlink. SEARCH ENGINE
HTML is like the walls of the home. It lays out the language, syntax, and rules, which will make up the foundation of the house.
CSS is the style in which the house is decorated. It determines how the page will look which includes colors, fonts, sizes, etc.
Java Script can be thought of as the tools in which to change the house. (Don't focus on Java Script)
An element is the content between a starting and an ending tag.
Tags can have class attributes with assigned values.
-HTML & CSS are both "languages"
-HTML controls the structure of a webpage
-CSS Cascading Style Sheets controls the style of a webpage
-DOM Document Object Model is the tree-like structure, which makes up HTML
-By using divs we create the DOM that cascades and collapses
By using HTML div tags, we create a cascading, collapsable flow of instructions/information. A neat, indented, and consistent strucutre is very important when working in HTML.
It is obvious why once you begin to add style using CSS. It is inheritance which makes CSS so effective at eliminating repitition.
Inheritance is the effect in which editing an ancestral element of the tree-like structure can then apply to everything that is enclosed under that element.
Descendant elements inherit text-related properties, but box-related properties are not inherited. Inheritance prevents the programmer from having to enter the same style values over and over again in-line. Repitition is the enemy!


Indusy has met the demands of a growing world. The Indusy farmer has a tremendous opportunity to answer the call of agricultural needs across the globe. Has 26 affiliated state soybean associations representing 30 soybean-producing state. Curabitur mollis bibendum luctus. Duis suscipit vitae dui sed suscipit. Vestibulum auctor nunc vitae diam
Customized advice to smallholder farmers with radical efficiency and scalability agricultural. Helping farmers to emerging markets maximize their profits.
There are many variations of passages of Lorem Ipsum available, but the majority have suffered alteration in some
Annual meeting of voting delegates. I s tasked with accomplishing unde omnis iste natus sit alteration voluptatem.
effective Search and believes in the power of partnerships to grow There are many alteration variations.
We specialise in intelligent & effective Search and believes in the power of partnerships to grow business.
Start with your super fans. These are your happiest clients and customers. They may have already offered to be a reference so they won’t mind the request. They might really want to help, you need to be sure there isn't anything embarrassing hidden in the middle of text. mjority have suffered alteration in some form.
There are many variations of passages of Lorem Ipsum available, but the majority have suffered alteration in some form, by injected humour, or randomised words which don't look even slightly believable. If you are going to use a passage of Lorem Ipsum, you need to be sure there isn't anything embarrassing hidden in the middle of text.
We specialise in intelligent & effective Search and believes in the power of partnerships to grow business.
An endorsement is typically a well-known influencer giving their public support for a brand. But a testimonial is from a customer or client. They may be an unknown person to the reader, you need to be sure there isn't anything embarrassing hidden in the middle of text. mjority have suffered alteration in some form.


R package accompanying the book Working with dynamic models for agriculture and environment, by Daniel Wallach (INRA), David Makowski (INRA), James W. Jones (U.of Florida), Francois Brun (ACTA). 3rd edition 2018-09-27.
| Version: | 1.1 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 2.10.0) |
| Imports: | triangle, deSolve, stats, graphics |
| Published: | 2018-11-09 |
| Author: | Francois Brun (ACTA), David Makowski (INRA), Daniel Wallach (INRA), James W. Jones (U.of Florida). |
| Maintainer: | Francois Brun <francois.brun at acta.asso.fr> |
| License: | LGPL-3 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| CRAN checks: | ZeBook results |
| Reference manual: | ZeBook.pdf |
| Package source: | ZeBook_1.1.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: ZeBook_1.1.zip, r-release: ZeBook_1.1.zip, r-oldrel: ZeBook_1.1.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: ZeBook_1.1.tgz, r-oldrel: ZeBook_1.1.tgz |
| Old sources: | ZeBook archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ZeBook to link to this page.


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We digitize libraries
We collect and bring the global knowledge at your place.
Wikipedia
Project Gutenberg
Nationalized books
Videos
Audios
We take care of the technology part.
Routers
Servers
Network
We make it easier to access resources on your mobile devices.
Mobile friendly web pages
Videos
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Apps
Karaikudi GNU/Linux User Group, is a Karaikudi based GLUG. An independent organization in Karaikudi under FSFTN, we digitize libraries to provide world class digital contents at the palms of people
For digitization, please contact us.


|
NetBeans UML Modeling |
org::galagosearch::core::index::IndexWriter
public class IndexWriter
This class writes index files, which are used for most Galago indexes. An index is a mapping between a key and a value, much like a TreeMap. The keys are sorted to allow iteration over the whole file. Keys are stored using prefix compression to save space. The structure is designed for fast random access on disk. For indexes, we assume that the data in each value is already compressed, so IndexWriter does no additional compression. However, if the isCompressed flag is set, IndexWriter will compress the value data. This is convenient for storing documents in an index. Keys cannot be longer than 256 bytes, and they must be added in sorted order. @author trevor
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Alias | IndexWriter |
| Visibility | public |
| Final | |
| Transient | |
| Abstract | |
| Leaf |
| Nested Class Summary | |
|---|---|
public class |
ListData
  |
package class |
UncompressedListData
  |
package class |
CompressedListData
  |
package class |
VocabularyHeader
  |
| Attribute Summary | |
|---|---|
long |
MAGIC_NUMBER
  |
DataOutputStream |
output
  |
Parameters |
manifest
  |
int |
blockSize
  |
int |
vocabGroup
  |
long |
filePosition
  |
long |
listBytes
  |
boolean |
isCompressed
compression isn't supported yet |
Counter |
recordsWritten
  |
Counter |
blocksWritten
  |
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
IndexWriter(String outputFilename, Parameters parameters) Creates a new instance of IndexWriter |
|
IndexWriter(String outputFilename)   |
|
IndexWriter(TupleFlowParameters parameters)   |
| Operation Summary | |
|---|---|
Parameters |
getManifest() Returns the current copy of the manifest, which will be stored in the completed index file. |
long |
bufferedSize() Gives a conservative estimate of the buffered size of the data, excluding the most recent inverted list. |
void |
updateBufferedSize(IndexElement list)   |
long |
invertedListLength(IndexElement list)   |
void |
flush() Flush all lists out to disk. |
long |
getBlockSize()   |
boolean |
lessThanOrEqualTo(byte one[0..*], byte two[0..*])   |
boolean |
wordsInOrder(IndexElement blockLists[0..*]) Returns true if the lists are sorted in ascending order by key. |
void |
writeBlock(IndexElement blockLists[0..*], long length)   |
boolean |
needsFlush(IndexElement list)   |
void |
add(IndexElement list)   |
void |
close()   |
| Attribute Detail |
|---|
public long MAGIC_NUMBER
package DataOutputStream output
package Parameters manifest
package int blockSize
package int vocabGroup
package long filePosition
package long listBytes
package boolean isCompressed
package Counter recordsWritten
package Counter blocksWritten
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public IndexWriter(String outputFilename, Parameters parameters)
public IndexWriter(String outputFilename)
public IndexWriter(TupleFlowParameters parameters)
| Operation Detail |
|---|
public Parameters getManifest()
public long bufferedSize()
public void updateBufferedSize(IndexElement list)
private long invertedListLength(IndexElement list)
public void flush()
public long getBlockSize()
private boolean lessThanOrEqualTo(byte one[0..*], byte two[0..*])
public boolean wordsInOrder(IndexElement blockLists[0..*])
public void writeBlock(IndexElement blockLists[0..*], long length)
private boolean needsFlush(IndexElement list)
public void add(IndexElement list)
public void close()
|
NetBeans UML Modeling |


3 Home Remedies For Boil
by Modupeoluwa AdekanyeMany people have been affected by boil, at times it causes sleepless nights and at times, the pain is subtle.
According to Greatist News, boils generally form when pus collects under your skin, centered on a hair follicle. When this is due to an infection, it’s known as a furuncle. Boils are not always due to an infection and can happen in a condition known as Hidradenitis suppurativa.
Boils most often form where there’s friction, sweat, or hair. The neckline, face, armpit, and, yes, butt crack are some common hot spots.
Below are some home remedies for treating boil:
Heat
A warm compress applied to a boil can help facilitate drainage of the boil. This is very vital in healing a boil and should be your first course of action.
The American Academy of Dermatology suggests soaking a washcloth in warm water and applying it to the area for 10 to 15 minutes, three or four times a day. This will help break down the pus from within.
Castor Oil
This oil is made from the castor bean plant, this oil contains ricinoleic acid, a fatty acid that may help break down trapped bacteria.
Castor oil has been used since ancient times to heal wounds and moisturize skin. Apply castor oil directly to the boil three times a day until the boil is gone.
Turmeric
Turmeric’s main compound and active ingredient is curcumin, which has anti-inflammatory properties and may help combat an infection if one is present in the boil.
An oral turmeric supplement that contains black pepper extract can be taken as this helps the body absorb more curcumin.
Turmeric can also be applied to your skin. Try adding a few drops of turmeric essential oil to a cream or oil-based moisturizer-such as argan oil-and use it as you would your regular moisturizer.
Always remember to visit your doctor if the boil becomes regular.
The medical information provided in this article is provided as an information resource only. This information does not create any patient-physician relationship and should not be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment.


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Your mind is always buzzing with unexplored ideas and plans.
1 (Strongly Disagree)
2 (Disagree)
3 (Neutral)
4 (Agree_
5 (Strongly Agree)
Question 2
You prefer to meet people in person than through the web.
1 (Strongly Disagree)
2 (Disagree)
3 (Neutral)
4 (Agree_
5 (Strongly Agree)
Question 3
You find yourself browsing through a social media application for more than 1 hour of your day.
1 (Strongly Disagree)
2 (Disagree)
3 (Neutral)
4 (Agree_
5 (Strongly Agree)
Question 4
You're open to change and consider yourself very adaptable.
1 (Strongly Disagree)
2 (Disagree)
3 (Neutral)
4 (Agree_
5 (Strongly Agree)
Question 5
You find yourself constantly on the go, and always looking for the next activity.
1 (Strongly Disagree)
2 (Disagree)
3 (Neutral)
4 (Agree_
5 (Strongly Agree)
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You believe you have a good judge of character.
1 (Strongly Disagree)
2 (Disagree)
3 (Neutral)
4 (Agree_
5 (Strongly Agree)
Question 7
You stick up for what you believe in, even if it makes people uncomfortable.
1 (Strongly Disagree)
2 (Disagree)
3 (Neutral)
4 (Agree_
5 (Strongly Agree)
Question 8
You prefer to stay home than go out for the weekend.
1 (Strongly Disagree)
2 (Disagree)
3 (Neutral)
4 (Agree_
5 (Strongly Agree)
Question 9
You go out of your way for others, and expect some sort of reciprication.
1 (Strongly Disagree)
2 (Disagree)
3 (Neutral)
4 (Agree_
5 (Strongly Agree)
Question 10
You believe in chasing big dreams.
1 (Strongly Disagree)
2 (Disagree)
3 (Neutral)
4 (Agree_
5 (Strongly Agree)
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The Prime Minister said ..
“The possibilities are enormous if we can get this right”
Tell a (long) story ... 20 minutes
Rant/Preach for a bit ... 20 minutes
http://martinsumner.github.io/presentations/spine2_hey.html#/
See Wikipedia
List of failed and overbudget custom software projects - Permanent Failures
“When one of the dogs goes lame, and begins to slow the others down, they are shot. They are then chopped up and fed to the other dogs. The survivors work harder, not only because they’ve had a meal, but also because they have seen what will happen should they themselves go lame”
“A man left with only two huskies, shouldn't be wasting bullets on a dog”
December 2003 - Contract Award
July 2004 - Go Live!
October 2004 - Another release please
February 2005 - Another major release
... must rush-in functionality for other supplier ... supplier will finally use this in May 2010
March 2005 - wound Huskie
... slow down!
December 2005 - new release ... ooops
... g e t ... m u c h ... s l o w e r
“It has made transformational healthcare applications available to approximately 1.3 million NHS healthcare staff across England, providing care to circa 50 million UK citizens.”
“20-plus customised NHS Spine applications ... combined cutting edge technologies to meet the demanding service level agreements and response times required ”
“The contract was (and continues to be) one of the largest IT programmes in the world, consuming over 15,000 man-years of effort to date ... Over 3,000 servers are hosted and supported”
“(The delivery) methodology is now an internationally recognised standard for complex software development programme delivery”
Spine can release with £30m in transition costs alone
It costs over £50m per annum to keep the lights on
Around 50% of the original business case met
The system is stable when untouched
Riak KV
Redis, RabbitMQ
Tornado, NGINX, Flask
Puppet, Splunk
HP, Ubuntu
It made people angry
It made people scared
But it happened ...
Spine 2 Core went live in August 2014
Took 100 man years from inception to 1-years service
Requires just over 100 commodity 1RU servers in live
Release costs are < 0.1% of previous release costs
90% reduction in operating costs
Total running team of 30 people supporting and ...
... Managing more than £10m pa of change backlog
(Nearly) like-for-like functional replacement ...
99.999% available since go live
Supports over 300 message interactions, five UI applications
41.3M messages a day
Provides accesss to 1.5bn records and documents
The NHS waits more than 800 working days less each day
“It's hard to make predictions, especially about the future”
“Whereas the difference between poor conceptual designs and good ones may lie in the soundness of design method, the difference between good designs and great ones surely does not.
Great designs come from great designers.
... very best designers produce structures that are faster, smaller, simpler, cleaner, and produced with less effort. ”
Fred Brooks, No Silver Bullet, 1986
“If I could reduce my message to management to just a few words, I’d say it all has to do with reducing variation”
W Edwards Deming, Out of the Crisis, 1982
“ ... failure recovery can cause more problems than it solves, and so must be engineered explicitly according to a do no harm requirement”
“Anyways, the secret is, always fix their attention away from where the slippery stuff's going on. That's the first law of magic, Specs. Misdirection. Never forget it.”
Donna Tartt, 2013
“There are 2 hard problems in computer science: cache invalidation,naming things, and off-by-1 errors.”
“While low inventory levels are a key outcome of the Toyota Production System ... Many American businesses, having observed Toyota's factories, set out to attack high inventory levels directly without understanding what made these reductions possible.
The act of imitating without understanding the underlying concept or motivation may have led to the failure of those projects.”
Government IT need not be all bad
Radical change is possible
Don't blindly follow
Understand that history is rich and full of answers


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Random posts about ... stuff
by Q
JavaScript provides three different ways to implement an asynchronous function: callback, promise, async/await. They achieve the same goal: let the program continue while you are still waiting for an event occur.
This post will only focus on the syntax difference of using callback, promise and async/await. Making the code simple, we want to let our program print out some strings after certain period of time. For example, let the program print “Hello World!” after sleeping for 1 second.
If we code in Python, we can have something as following:
Same goal can be achieved by using callback in JavaScript:
Using promise or async/await can be little more complicated in this situation. setTimeout() takes a function as input and it doesn’t return a Promise object. Therefore, we will need to convert setTimeout into a Promise object to align with promise or async/await’s syntax.
Reference:


--- layout: page title: About permalink: /about/ image: /assets/article_images/about/about_header.jpg --- {% comment %} Note that this has to be an HTML file since Markdown doesn't play well with embedded javascript. :-/ {%endcomment%}
This is Telegram Style, a blog about style, fashion, music, and modernity. I'm {{site.author}} and I run Telegram Co., a clothing company based in Brooklyn, NY. We make modern Japanese denim jeans, cut and sewn here in Brooklyn. If you're interested you should check us out!
Contact us:
{% include mailchimp.html %}


Conversations with Luke Ahmed in path towards CISSP - 2
Cyber Security Conversation Series
You can find Part 1 here
Small technicalities don’t matter if we understand the raison d’être
Continuing the discussions with Luke on CISSP, there was this question in his book Think Like a Manager, which talked about due care vs due diligence. The company Rymar Tech was fined for one of its employees taking the private data of the company in the USB drive and walking out. However, the fine was later reduced. Why was the fine reduced?
Due Care vs Due Diligence
I reasoned with Luke that a more plausible impetus for reducing the fine is due diligence. And why? Well, going by method of elimination, let’s first make sense of due care. The Merriam-Webster’s dictionary defines due care as:
The care that an ordinarily reasonable and prudent person would use under the same or similar circumstances.
The lack of due care can lead to legal action at an individual level. However, here we are talking about fines at the corporate level. Due diligence is the term more appropriate for use at corporate laws [1]. Therefore due diligence may be a more appropriate term as the fine was reduced at corporate level and no individual mistakes were pinpointed.
Luke’s Response
This understanding is fine. For the CISSP exam I would remember that ultimate responsibility will fall on management as well as legal action even if the individual is at fault for failing to provide due care. It is not the system administrator we see on TV testifying at Congressional hearings or TV interviews, it is a senior executive. It is because the individual did not practice due care that management will still be responsible.
I would also remember that in the question proper due diligence and due care was practiced at all times. It’s just that they didn’t anticipate an employee walking out with a USB drive, and the law could not let this go without some form of fine even though due diligence and due care was done. And the only way to issue the fine was to use the wording of the law of due care as a penalty, since failure of due diligence isn’t punishable.
Note : This conversation has been published after seeking permission from Luke Ahmed. However, the author is solely responsible for any technical errors due to oversight.


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Modules and Helpers ¶
Codeception uses modularity to create a comfortable testing environment for every test suite you write.
All actions and assertions that can be performed by the Tester object in a class are defined in modules. You can extend the testing suite with your own actions and assertions by writing them into a custom module.
Let's look at the following test:
<?php
$I = new FunctionalTester($scenario);
$I->amOnPage('/');
$I->see('Hello');
$I->seeInDatabase('users', array('id' => 1));
$I->seeFileFound('running.lock');
It can operate with different entities: the web page can be loaded with the PhpBrowser module, the database assertion uses the Db module, and file state can be checked with the Filesystem module.
Modules are attached to the Actor classes in the suite configuration.
For example, in tests/functional.suite.yml
we should see:
actor: FunctionalTester
modules:
enabled:
- PhpBrowser:
url: http://localhost
- Db:
dsn: "mysql:host=localhost;dbname=testdb"
- Filesystem
The FunctionalTester class has its methods defined in modules. Actually, it doesn't contain any of them,
but rather acts as a proxy. It knows which module executes this action and passes parameters into it.
To make your IDE see all of the FunctionalTester methods, you should run use the codecept build
command.
It generates method signatures from enabled modules and saves them into a trait which is included in an actor.
In the current example, the tests/support/_generated/FunctionalTesterActions.php
file will be generated.
By default, Codeception automatically rebuilds the Actions trait on each change of the suite configuration.
Standard Modules ¶
Codeception has many bundled modules which will help you run tests for different purposes and different environments. The idea of modules is to share common actions, so that developers and QA engineers can concentrate on testing and not on reinventing the wheel. Each module provides methods for testing its own part and by combining modules you can get a powerful setup to test an application at all levels.
There is the WebDriver
module for acceptance testing, modules for all popular PHP frameworks,
PHPBrowser
to emulate browser execution, REST
for testing APIs, and more.
Modules are considered to be the most valuable part of Codeception.
They are constantly improving to provide the best testing experience, and be flexible to satisfy everyone's needs.
Module Conflicts ¶
Modules may conflict with one another. If a module implements Codeception\Lib\Interfaces\ConflictsWithModule
,
it might declare a conflict rule to be used with other modules. For instance, WebDriver conflicts
with all modules implementing the Codeception\Lib\Interfaces\Web
interface.
public function _conflicts()
{
return 'Codeception\Lib\Interfaces\Web';
}
This way if you try to use two modules sharing the same conflicted interface you will get an exception.
To avoid confusion, Framework modules, PhpBrowser, and WebDriver can't be used together. For instance,
the amOnPage
method exists in all those modules, and you should not try to guess which module will actually execute it.
If you are doing acceptance testing, set up either WebDriver or PHPBrowser but do not set both up at the same time.
If you are doing functional testing, enable only one of the framework modules.
In case you need to use a module which depends on a conflicted one, specify it as a dependent module in the configuration.
You may want to use WebDriver
with the REST
module which interacts with a server through PhpBrowser
.
In this case your config should look like this:
modules:
enabled:
- WebDriver:
browser: firefox
url: http://localhost
- REST:
url: http://localhost/api/v1
depends: PhpBrowser
This configuration will allow you to send GET/POST requests to the server's APIs while working with a site through a browser.
If you only need some parts of a conflicted module to be loaded, refer to the next section.
Module Parts ¶
Modules with Parts section in their reference can be partially loaded. This way, the $I
object will have actions
belonging to only a specific part of that module. Partially loaded modules can be also used to avoid module conflicts.
For instance, the Laravel5 module has an ORM part which contains database actions. You can enable the PhpBrowser module for testing and Laravel + ORM for connecting to the database and checking the data.
modules:
enabled:
- PhpBrowser:
url: http://localhost
- Laravel5:
part: ORM
The modules won't conflict as actions with the same names won't be loaded.
The REST module has parts for Xml
and Json
in the same way. If you are testing a REST service with only JSON responses,
you can enable just the JSON part of this module:
actor: ApiTester
modules:
enabled:
- REST:
url: http://serviceapp/api/v1/
depends: PhpBrowser
part: Json
Helpers ¶
Codeception doesn't restrict you to only the modules from the main repository.
Your project might need your own actions added to the test suite. By running the bootstrap
command,
Codeception generates three dummy modules for you, one for each of the newly created suites.
These custom modules are called 'Helpers', and they can be found in the tests/_support
directory.
<?php
namespace Helper;
// here you can define custom functions for FunctionalTester
class Functional extends \Codeception\Module
{
}
Actions are also quite simple. Every action you define is a public function. Write a public method,
then run the build
command, and you will see the new function added into the FunctionalTester class.
Assertions can be a bit tricky. First of all, it's recommended to prefix all your assertion actions with see
or dontSee
.
Name your assertions like this:
<?php
$I->seePageReloaded();
$I->seeClassIsLoaded($classname);
$I->dontSeeUserExist($user);
And then use them in your tests:
<?php
$I->seePageReloaded();
$I->seeClassIsLoaded('FunctionalTester');
$I->dontSeeUserExist($user);
You can define assertions by using assertXXX methods in your modules.
<?php
function seeClassExist($class)
{
$this->assertTrue(class_exists($class));
}
In your helpers you can use these assertions:
<?php
function seeCanCheckEverything($thing)
{
$this->assertTrue(isset($thing), "this thing is set");
$this->assertFalse(empty($any), "this thing is not empty");
$this->assertNotNull($thing, "this thing is not null");
$this->assertContains("world", $thing, "this thing contains 'world'");
$this->assertNotContains("bye", $thing, "this thing doesn't contain 'bye'");
$this->assertEquals("hello world", $thing, "this thing is 'Hello world'!");
// ...
}
Accessing Other Modules ¶
It's possible that you will need to access internal data or functions from other modules. For example, for your module you might need to access the responses or internal actions of other modules.
Modules can interact with each other through the getModule
method.
Please note that this method will throw an exception if the required module was not loaded.
Let's imagine that we are writing a module that reconnects to a database. It's supposed to use the dbh connection value from the Db module.
<?php
function reconnectToDatabase() {
$dbh = $this->getModule('Db')->dbh;
$dbh->close();
$dbh->open();
}
By using the getModule
function, you get access to all of the public methods and properties of the requested module.
The dbh
property was defined as public specifically to be available to other modules.
Modules may also contain methods that are exposed for use in helper classes. Those methods start with a _
prefix
and are not available in Actor classes, so can be accessed only from modules and extensions.
You should use them to write your own actions using module internals.
<?php
function seeNumResults($num)
{
// retrieving webdriver session
/**@var $table \Facebook\WebDriver\WebDriverElement */
$elements = $this->getModule('WebDriver')->_findElements('#result');
$this->assertNotEmpty($elements);
$table = reset($elements);
$this->assertEquals('table', $table->getTagName());
$results = $table->findElements('tr');
// asserting that table contains exactly $num rows
$this->assertEquals($num, count($results));
}
In this example we use the API of the facebook/php-webdriver library,
a Selenium WebDriver client the module is build on.
You can also access the webDriver
property of a module to get access to the Facebook\WebDriver\RemoteWebDriver
instance
for direct Selenium interaction.
Extending a Module ¶
If accessing modules doesn't provide enough flexibility, you can extend a module inside a Helper class:
<?php
namespace Helper;
class MyExtendedSelenium extends \Codeception\Module\WebDriver {
}
In this helper you can replace the parent's methods with your own implementation.
You can also replace the _before
and _after
hooks, which might be an option
when you need to customize starting and stopping of a testing session.
Hooks ¶
Each module can handle events from the running test. A module can be executed before the test starts,
or after the test is finished. This can be useful for bootstrap/cleanup actions.
You can also define special behavior for when the test fails. This may help you in debugging the issue.
For example, the PhpBrowser module saves the current webpage to the tests/_output
directory when a test fails.
All hooks are defined in Codeception\Module and are listed here. You are free to redefine them in your module.
<?php
// HOOK: used after configuration is loaded
public function _initialize()
{
}
// HOOK: before each suite
public function _beforeSuite($settings = array())
{
}
// HOOK: after suite
public function _afterSuite()
{
}
// HOOK: before each step
public function _beforeStep(\Codeception\Step $step)
{
}
// HOOK: after each step
public function _afterStep(\Codeception\Step $step)
{
}
// HOOK: before test
public function _before(\Codeception\TestInterface $test)
{
}
// HOOK: after test
public function _after(\Codeception\TestInterface $test)
{
}
// HOOK: on fail
public function _failed(\Codeception\TestInterface $test, $fail)
{
}
Please note that methods with a _
prefix are not added to the Actor class.
This allows them to be defined as public but used only for internal purposes.
Debug ¶
As we mentioned, the _failed
hook can help in debugging a failed test.
You have the opportunity to save the current test's state and show it to the user, but you are not limited to this.
Each module can output internal values that may be useful during debug. For example, the PhpBrowser module prints the response code and current URL every time it moves to a new page. Thus, modules are not black boxes. They are trying to show you what is happening during the test. This makes debugging your tests less painful.
To display additional information, use the debug
and debugSection
methods of the module.
Here is an example of how it works for PhpBrowser:
<?php
$this->debugSection('Request', $params);
$this->client->request($method, $uri, $params);
$this->debug('Response Code: ' . $this->client->getStatusCode());
This test, running with the PhpBrowser module in debug mode, will print something like this:
I click "All pages"
* Request (GET) http://localhost/pages {}
* Response code: 200
Configuration ¶
Modules and Helpers can be configured from the suite configuration file, or globally from codeception.yml
.
Mandatory parameters should be defined in the $requiredFields
property of the class.
Here is how it is done in the Db module:
<?php
class Db extends \Codeception\Module
{
protected $requiredFields = ['dsn', 'user', 'password'];
// ...
}
The next time you start the suite without setting one of these values, an exception will be thrown.
For optional parameters, you should set default values. The $config
property is used to define optional parameters
as well as their values. In the WebDriver module we use the default Selenium Server address and port.
<?php
class WebDriver extends \Codeception\Module
{
protected $requiredFields = ['browser', 'url'];
protected $config = ['host' => '<IP_ADDRESS>', 'port' => '4444'];
// ...
}
The host and port parameter can be redefined in the suite configuration.
Values are set in the modules:config
section of the configuration file.
modules:
enabled:
- WebDriver:
url: 'http://mysite.com/'
browser: 'firefox'
- Db:
cleanup: false
repopulate: false
Optional and mandatory parameters can be accessed through the $config
property.
Use $this->config['parameter']
to get its value.
Dynamic Configuration With Parameters ¶
Modules can be dynamically configured from environment variables.
Parameter storage should be specified in the global codeception.yml
configuration inside the params
section.
Parameters can be loaded from environment vars, from yaml (Symfony format), .env (Laravel format), ini, or php files.
Use the params
section of the global configuration file codeception.yml
to specify how to load them.
You can specify several sources for parameters to be loaded from.
Example: load parameters from the environment:
params:
- env # load params from environment vars
Example: load parameters from YAML file (Symfony):
params:
- app/config/parameters.yml
Example: load parameters from php file (Yii)
params:
- config/params.php
Example: load parameters from .env files (Laravel):
params:
- .env
- .env.testing
Once loaded, parameter variables can be used as module configuration values.
Use a variable name wrapped with %
as a placeholder and it will be replaced by its value.
Let's say we want to specify credentials for a cloud testing service. We have loaded SAUCE_USER
and SAUCE_KEY
variables from environment, and now we are passing their values into config of WebDriver
:
modules:
enabled:
- WebDriver:
url: http://mysite.com
host<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Parameters are also useful to provide connection credentials for the Db
module (taken from Laravel's .env files):
module:
enabled:
- Db:
dsn: "mysql:host=%DB_HOST%;dbname=%DB_DATABASE%"
user: "%DB_USERNAME%"
password: "DB_PASSWORD"
Runtime Configuration ¶
If you want to reconfigure a module at runtime, you can use the _reconfigure
method of the module.
You may call it from a helper class and pass in all the fields you want to change.
In this case configuration will be changed instantly. In next example we change root URL for PhpBrowser to point to the admin area,
so next amOnPage('/')
will open /admin/
page.
<?php
$this->getModule('PhpBrowser')->_reconfigure(array('url' => 'http://localhost/admin'));
However, in WebDriver configuration changes can't be applied that easily. For instance, if you change the browser you need to close the current browser session and start a new one.
For that WebDriver module provides _restart
method which takes an array with config and restarts the browser.
<?php
// start chrome
$this->getModule('WebDriver')->_restart(['browser' => 'chrome']);
// or just restart browser
$this->getModule('WebDriver')->_restart();
At the end of a test all configuration changes will be rolled back to the original configuration values.
Runtime Configuration of a Test ¶
Sometimes it is needed to set custom configuration for a specific test only.
For Cest and Test\Unit
formats you can use @prepare
annotation which can execute the code before other hooks are executed. This allows @prepare
to change the module configuration in runtime. @prepare
uses dependency injection
to automatically inject required modules into a method.
To run a specific test only in Chrome browser, you can call _reconfigure
from WebDriver module for a test itself using @prepare
.
<?php
/**
* @prepare useChrome
*/
public function chromeSpecificTest()
{
// ...
}
protected function useChrome(\Codeception\Module\WebDriver $webdriver)
{
// WebDriver was injected by the class name
$webdriver->_reconfigure(['browser' => 'chrome']);
}
Prepare methods can invoke all methods of a module, as well as hidden API methods (starting with _
). Use them to customize the module setup for a specific test.
To change module configuration for a specific group of tests use GroupObjects.
Conclusion ¶
Modules are the real power of Codeception. They are used to emulate multiple inheritances for Actor classes (UnitTester, FunctionalTester, AcceptanceTester, etc). Codeception provides modules to emulate web requests, access data, interact with popular PHP libraries, etc. If the bundled modules are not enough for you that's OK, you are free to write your own! Use Helpers (custom modules) for everything that Codeception can't do out of the box. Helpers also can be used to extend the functionality of the original modules.


Whenever a new user is discovered:
Spray default passwords across services
Enumerate what the new user can access
Enumerate what permissions / groups of the new user


--- layout: post index: 8 tags: Grindlheim title: Arriving at Ri'kh excerpt: "This time we contiue were we left off and finally arrive at the entrance to the queue line of Ri'kh, the family coaster of Grindlheim. On the way we cross a beautiful bridge before we have a look at one of the very detailed sides of Ri'kh's massive queue building." reddit: "https://www.reddit.com/r/PlanetCoaster/comments/ely9hn/the_first_grindlheim_update_of_the_new_year_is/" shyguys-world: "https://www.shyguysworld.com/index.php/topic,21251.30.html#msg479885" number-of-images: 14 image-descriptions: - Last time we left off at the left side of this bridge. - It crosses over the path that leads from the exit of Ri'kh back up to main path on ground level. - The path also leads right through this building before it connects back to the main path. - This is the view from this path. - On the left of this picture you can see the continuation of the rocky cliff sides you saw in the last update. - Because Ri'kh's station on the top left of this image lies below normal ground level, guests need to climb a set of stairs back to the main path. - And this is the view of the bridge they have while doing so. - K'aros crosses over the station of Ri'kh several times. On the left you can get a first look of the queue building of Ri'kh. - - This is on the other side of the bridge. On the left, the path from Ri'kh's exit connects back to the main path. - We turn to the right and see the facades of the queue building on the entrance plaza. The lattice door serves as an emergency exit of the queue line of Ri'kh. - And here it is, the entrance to the queue line. Can you spot the piece of Ri'kh's track in this image? - - That's it for today. Please come back next time for a complete tour of the long and detailed queue line. ---
For the last three updates we followed the circular footpath that surrounds Grindlheim and checked out all the details along the path. For the first update in the new year of 2020 - happy new year to you all - we continue this trend once more. Today we will finally arrive at the other side of Grindlheim at the entrance to the queue line of Ri'kh, the family coaster of Grindlheim.
We start were we left off last time by crossing a bridge that leads to the entrance plaza of Ri'kh. It crosses over another path that connects the exit of Ri'kh back to the main path at ground level. Then we enter the entrance plaza of Ri'kh and check out the datailed facade of Ri'kh's queue building.
Once finished, the entrance plaza will be completely surrounded by facades and buildings and will represent an immersive town square. But till now, only one side is finished. In the next update we will be entering the detailed queue line of Ri'kh.
Now, please check out the gallery below and follow along the path through Grindlheim.


Bases: object
Connect to a display device to look at and examine images that are displayed within
The control features below are a basic set that should be available in all display tools. The class for the display tool should override them and add it’s own extra features.
| Parameters: | target: string, optional
path : string, optional
viewer: string, optional
wait_time: int, optional
|
|---|
Attributes
| window: a pointer to an object | controls the viewers functions |
| imexam: a pointer to an object | controls the imexamine functions and options |
Methods Summary
| aimexam() | show current parameters for aperture photometry |
| alignwcs(**kwargs) | align frames with wcs |
| blink(**kwargs) | |
| cimexam() | show current parameters for column plots |
| clear_contour() | |
| close() | close the window and end connection |
| cmap(**kwargs) | Set the color map table to something else, in a defined list of options |
| colorbar(**kwargs) | turn the colorbar on the screen on and off |
| contour(**kwargs) | show contours on the window |
| contour_load(*args) | load contours from a file |
| crosshair(**kwargs) | Control the current position of the crosshair in the current frame, crosshair mode is turned on |
| cursor(**kwargs) | move the cursor in the current frame to the specified image pixel, it will also move selected regions |
| disp_header(**kwargs) | Display the header of the current image to a window |
| eimexam() | show current parameters for contour plots |
| frame(*args, **kwargs) | move to a frame |
| get_data() | return a numpy array of the data in the current window |
| get_data_filename() | return the filename for the data in the current window |
| get_frame_info() | return more explicit information about the data displayed in the current frame |
| get_header() | return the current fits header as a string, or None if there’s a problem |
| get_viewer_info() | Return a dictionary which has information about all frames loaded with data |
| grid(*args, **kwargs) | convenience to turn the grid on and off, grid can be flushed with many more options |
| hideme() | lower the display window |
| himexam() | show current parameters for histogram plots |
| imexam() | run imexamine with user interaction. At a minimum it requires a copy of the data array |
| jimexam() | show current parameters for 1D fit line plots |
| kimexam() | show current parameters for 1D fit column plots |
| limexam() | show current parameters for line plots |
| load_fits(*args, **kwargs) | convenience function to load fits image to current frame |
| load_mef_as_cube(*args, **kwargs) | Load a Mult-Extension-Fits image one frame as a cube |
| load_mef_as_multi(*args, **kwargs) | Load a Mult-Extension-Fits image into multiple frames |
| load_region(*args, **kwargs) | Load regions from a file which uses ds9 standard formatting |
| load_rgb(*args, **kwargs) | load three images into a frame, each one for a different color |
| make_region(*args, **kwargs) | make an input reg file with [x,y,comment] to a DS9 reg file, the input file should contains lines with x,y,comment |
| mark_region_from_array(*args, **kwargs) | mark regions on the viewer with a list of tuples as input |
| match(**kwargs) | match all other frames to the current frame |
| mimexam() | show the current parameters for statistical regions |
| nancolor(**kwargs) | set the not-a-number color, default is red |
| panto_image(*args, **kwargs) | convenience function to change to x,y images coordinates using ra,dec |
| panto_wcs(*args, **kwargs) | pan to wcs coordinates in image |
| plotname([filename]) | change or show the default save plotname for imexamine |
| readcursor() | returns image coordinate postion and key pressed, in the form of x,y,str with 0arrar offset |
| rimexam() | show current parameters for curve of growth plots |
| rotate(*args, **kwargs) | rotate the current frame (in degrees) |
| save_header(*args, **kwargs) | save the header of the current image to a file |
| save_regions(*args, **kwargs) | save the regions on the current window to a file |
| save_rgb(*args, **kwargs) | save an rgb image frame that is displayed as an MEF fits file |
| scale(*args, **kwargs) | Scale the image on display.The default zscale is the most widely used option |
| set_region(*args, **kwargs) | display a region using the specifications in region_string |
| setlog([filename, on, level]) | turn on and off imexam logging to the a file |
| show_window_commands() | print the available commands for the selected display application |
| showme() | raise the display window |
| showpix(*args, **kwargs) | display the pixel value table, close window when done |
| snapsave(*args, **kwargs) | create a snap shot of the current window and save in specified format. If no format is specified the filename extension is used |
| unlearn() | unlearn all the imexam parameters and reset to default |
| valid_data_in_viewer() | return True if a valid file or array is loaded in the current viewing frame |
| view(*args, **kwargs) | Display numpy image array |
| wimexam() | show current parameters for surface plots |
| zoom(*args, **kwargs) | zoom to parameter which can be any recognized string |
| zoomtofit() | zoom the image to fit the display |
Methods Documentation
Control the current position of the crosshair in the current frame, crosshair mode is turned on
move the cursor in the current frame to the specified image pixel, it will also move selected regions
return more explicit information about the data displayed in the current frame
Return a dictionary which has information about all frames loaded with data
convenience to turn the grid on and off, grid can be flushed with many more options
run imexamine with user interaction. At a minimum it requires a copy of the data array
make an input reg file with [x,y,comment] to a DS9 reg file, the input file should contains lines with x,y,comment
mark regions on the viewer with a list of tuples as input
convenience function to change to x,y images coordinates using ra,dec x, y in image coord
returns image coordinate postion and key pressed, in the form of x,y,str with 0arrar offset
Scale the image on display.The default zscale is the most widely used option
create a snap shot of the current window and save in specified format. If no format is specified the filename extension is used


Gary Lineker sends brutal message to Spurs chairman Daniel Levy as Mauricio Pochettino sacked
Gary Lineker has been speaking about Mauricio Pochettino and Tottenham's decision to part ways with him
by Paul ClarkeTottenham have sacked Mauricio Pochettino after five years at the club and that has naturally led the reaction aplenty from fans and even former players.
One of the most prominent former players with a voice in the game is naturally Gary Lineker, the ex-Tottenham striker turned Match of the Day presenter.
Lineker has been quick to criticise the decision which has been made by club chairman Daniel Levy, who himself has admitted it was a call he came to reluctantly.
Spurs currently sit 14th in the Premier League ahead of facing West Ham United on the road this weekend and the pressure was already building on Pochettino way before this week.
The Argentinian has been the subject of speculation surrounding his future for months ever since he suggested that if he won the Champions League final against Liverpool in June that it might be his last rodeo with the club.
A summer of discontent followed for Pochettino and that has stretched well into the autumn, with Levy issuing this statement tonight.
"We were extremely reluctant to make this change," said Spurs chairman Daniel Levy.
"It is not a decision the board has taken lightly, nor in haste. Regrettably domestic results at the end of last season and the beginning of this season have been extremely disappointing."
It has led to a negative reaction from Lineker and here is what he has had to say.
"Mauricio Pochettino has been sacked by Spurs," Lineker tweeted. "He helped the club to punch massively above their weight for years. Good luck with finding a better replacement....ain’t gonna happen."


new Holoweb(selector, config)
Holoweb is the main prototype.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
selector |
HTMLElement | The DOM element where the canvas will be rendered |
config |
object | Configuration of the setup, read more about configuration |
- Source:
Methods
(static) add(obj) → {THREE.Scene}
Adds an Object to the scene
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
obj |
THREE.Object3D | Three Object3D |
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- THREE.Scene
(static) clear()
Removes all Objects from the scene
- Source:
(static) remove(obj) → {THREE.Object3D}
Removes an Object from the scene
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
obj |
THREE.Object3D | Three Object3D |
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- THREE.Object3D


Set your chat name
Enter your message
Messages:
Developed by: Saptarshi Dey
Contact information: Mail at
dey7.kol@gmail.com


The ARIA Slider Module automatically transforms a DOM node into a slider control that is equally accessible to screen reader and keyboard only users.
Module files:
setup.js : The setup script that converts the DOM node and configures the ARIA Slider functionality.
Mouse users can drag the slider to open or close the floating window shutter, or adjust the time.
Keyboard only users can tab to the slider and:
Press the Left/Right arrow keys to move the slider in increments of 1;
Press the End/Home keys to move to the first or last value;
Press the PageUp/PageDown keys to move the slider in increments of 10%.
Users of screen readers that support ARIA can Arrow or Tab to the slider, press Enter or Spacebar to activate it, then use all of the above key commands as well.
Users of screen readers that don't support ARIA can Arrow to and activate the link "Open Manual Slider", and use a traditional selector instead to manually move the slider control.


Blender rigging Tips & Tricks
jayanam writes:
Hey guys, here is a Blender 2.8 Rigging Tips & Tricks video in which I show how to snap bones to volume and how to symmetrize arms leg bones:
jayanam writes:
Hey guys, here is a Blender 2.8 Rigging Tips & Tricks video in which I show how to snap bones to volume and how to symmetrize arms leg bones:


XDG\-EMAIL
Section: (1)Updated: 06/24/2007
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
xdg-email - command line tool for sending mail using the user's preferred e-mail composerSYNOPSIS
-
xdg-email [--utf8] [--cc address] [--bcc address] [--subject text] [--body text] [--attach file] [mailto-uri address(es)]
- xdg-email {--help --manual --version}
DESCRIPTION
All information provided on the command line is used to prefill corresponding fields in the user's e-mail composer. The user will have the opportunity to change any of this information before actually sending the e-mail.
xdg-email is for use inside a desktop session only. It is not recommended to use xdg-email as root.
See http://portland.freedesktop.org/EmailConfig for information on how the user can change the e-mail composer that is used.
OPTIONS
- --utf8
- Indicates that all command line options that follow are in utf8. Without this option, command line options are expected to be encoded according to locale. If the locale already specifies utf8 this option has no effect. This option does not affect mailto URIs that are passed on the command line.
- --cc address
- Specify a recipient to be copied on the e-mail.
- --bcc address
- Specify a recipient to be blindly copied on the e-mail.
- --subject text
- Specify a subject for the e-mail.
- --body text
- Specify a body for the e-mail. Since the user will be able to make changes before actually sending the e-mail, this can be used to provide the user with a template for the e-mail. text may contain linebreaks.
- --attach file
-
Specify an attachment for the e-mail.
file
must point to an existing file.
Some e-mail applications require the file to remain present after xdg-email returns.
- --help
- Show command synopsis.
- --manual
- Show this manualpage.
- --version
- Show the xdg-utils version information.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
xdg-email honours the following environment variables:
- XDG_UTILS_DEBUG_LEVEL
- Setting this environment variable to a non-zero numerical value makes xdg-email do more verbose reporting on stderr. Setting a higher value increases the verbosity.
EXIT CODES
An exit code of 0 indicates success while a non-zero exit code indicates failure. The following failure codes can be returned:
- 1
- Error in command line syntax.
- 2
- One of the files passed on the command line did not exist.
- 3
- A required tool could not be found.
- 4
- The action failed.
- 5
- No permission to read one of the files passed on the command line.
CONFIGURATION
Visit http://portland.freedesktop.org/EmailConfig for information how to configure xdg-email to use the email client of your choice.
EXAMPLES
xdg-email 'Jeremy White<EMAIL_ADDRESS>xdg-email --attach /tmp/logo.png \ --subject 'Logo contest' \ --body 'Attached you find the logo for the contest.' \<EMAIL_ADDRESS>xdg-email --subject 'Your password is about to expire' \<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>AUTHOR
Kevin Krammer, Jeremy<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:29:12 GMT, December 24, 2015


Ben Parker
- Name: Mathew Scotsman
- Gender: Male
- Age: 23 years
- Technology:
- Device: Laptop, Windows 10, Chrome Browser
- Device: Iphone 8 plus, Safari Browser
- Proficiency: Low tech average knowledge, with some basic skills to surf on the internet, to take pictures
and posting them.
- Mathew likes art murals and wants to make a tour of art murals in all US.
- Mathew`s hobbies is to makes city-breaks tours on weekends with his friends.
- He likes painting and he tried couple times to paint art mural but prefers more to enjoy to view others paintings.
- He has a plan to visit art murals in Albuquerque, because it is well-known place in US for such art.
- His plan is to find the route of the best mural arts in Albuquerque.
He finds ABQMurals a place where he can easily choose and see the address for the specific art mural which he likes
or have been the most liked by other users. Also, he can find murals by the artist name selection.
- At ABQMurals, Mathew finds another favorite feature, which is ready walkable routes for 15-30 min
with art murals and details about route with brewery and starbucks in the way.
- The ABQMurals website has an option to place "likes" for mural which visitor prefer. In this way, Mathew feels
that he is a part of community of the art murals. And that his vote would promote a local artist
which have done an awesome job to encourage to continue his journey.
- Mathew is an active Casual User which found the website by google search. After, visiting the Albuquerque art
he considers to visit more often this website because it has selection option to view the newest art mural
and the most liked art. This will let his know when he can come and see more art in Albuquerque.
- As a Casual user, Mathew wants to have an awesome experience by visiting Albuquerque Murals.


#import <CGUpnpControlPoint.h>
List of all members.
Detailed Description
The CGUpnpControlPoint class is a wrapper class for CgUpnpControlPoint of CyberLink for C to program using only Objective-C directly on MacOSX. Currently, the only basic methods are wrapped to control UPnP devices.
Member Function Documentation
Get a specified UPnP devices by the UDN.
- Returns:
- CGUpnpDevice when the specified device is found, otherwise nil.
Get all UPnP devices which the control point found as a NSArray object. The array has the devices as instances of CGUpnpDevice.
- Returns:
- NSArray of CGUpnpDevice.
Check if the controll point is running.
- Returns:
- YES if the device is started normally, otherwise NO.
Send a M-SEARCH request to find for the all UPnP devices of UPnP in the network. The method waits for the specified MX time. Use setSsdpSearchMX:aMX to change the time. The method is same as searchWithST() when the ST parameter is "ssdp:all".
| - (void) searchWithST: |
|
(NSString *) |
aST |
|
Send a M-SEARCH request to find for the specified UPnP devices by a ST parameter in the network. The method waits for the specified MX time. Use setSsdpSearchMX:aMX to change the time.
- Parameters:
-
| aST | The Search Target parameter (ex. "ssdp:all") |
| - (void) setSsdpSearchMX: |
|
(NSInteger) |
aMX |
|
Set a MX parameter used for SSDP searches in seconds. The parameter is used to wait for M-SEARCH responses in search and searchWithST:aST.
- Parameters:
-
| - (NSInteger) ssdpSearchMX |
|
|
|
Get a MX parameter used for SSDP searches in seconds. The parameter is used to wait for M-SEARCH responses in search and searchWithST:aST.
- Returns:
- Time to wait
Activate some background threads of the control point such as SSDP and HTTP servers to listen messages and events of UPnP. You must call this method before you can actually use a control point.
- Returns:
- TRUE if successful; otherwise FALSE
Stop some background threads of the control point such as SSDP and HTTP servers to listen messages and events of UPnP.
- Returns:
- TRUE if successful; otherwise FALSE
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:


M_anything(3fm) - [M_anything::INTRO] procedures that use polymorphism to allow arguments of different types generically (LICENSE:MIT)
Synopsis
Description
Example
Author
License
use M_anything,only : anyscalar_to_string use M_anything,only : anyscalar_to_int64 use M_anything,only : anyscalar_to_real use M_anything,only : anyscalar_to_real128 use M_anything,only : anyscalar_to_double use M_anything,only : anything_to_bytes use M_anything,only : anyinteger_to_string use M_anything,only : get_type use M_anything,only : bytes_to_anything use M_anything,only : empty, assignment(=)
anyscalar_to_string convert intrinsic type to string anyscalar_to_int64 convert integer or real of any kind to 64-bit integer anyscalar_to_real convert integer or real of any kind to real anyscalar_to_real128 convert integer or real of any kind to real128 anyscalar_to_double convert integer or real of any kind to doubleprecision anything_to_bytes convert anything to bytes anyinteger_to_string convert integer to string get_type return array of strings containing type names of arguments empty create an empty array
At the cost of casting to a different type these functions can (among other uses such as in linked lists) allow for an alternative to duplicating code using generic procedure methods. For example, the following SQUAREALL function can take many input types and return a DOUBLEPRECISION value (it is a trivial example for demonstration purposes, and does not check for overflow, etc.).:
Sample programprogram demo_M_anything use, intrinsic :: iso_fortran_env, only : int8, int16, int32, int64 use, intrinsic :: iso_fortran_env, only : real32, real64, real128 implicit none ! call same function with many scalar input types write(*,*)squareall(2_int8) write(*,*)squareall(2_int16) write(*,*)squareall(2_int32) write(*,*)squareall(2_int64) write(*,*)squareall(2.0_real32) write(*,*)squareall(2.0_real64) write(*,*)squareall(2.0_real128) contains
function squareall(invalue) result (dvalue) use M_anything, only : anyscalar_to_double class(*),intent(in) :: invalue doubleprecision :: invalue_local doubleprecision :: dvalue invalue_local=anyscalar_to_double(invalue) dvalue=invalue_local*invalue_local end function squareall
end program demo_M_anything
Results:
4.00000000000000 4.00000000000000 4.00000000000000 4.00000000000000 4.00000000000000 4.00000000000000 4.00000000000000
John S. Urban
| Nemo Release 3.1 | M_anything (3) | July 22, 2023 |


Append /fail
to a ping URL and use it to actively signal a failure.
Requesting the /fail
URL will immediately mark the check as "down".
You can use this feature to minimize the delay from your monitored service failing
to you getting a notification.
The below shell script sends sends either a "success" or "failure" ping depending on command's (certbot in this example) exit code:
#!/bin/sh
url=PING_URL
/usr/bin/certbot renew
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then url=$url/fail; fi
curl --retry 3 $url
Below is a skeleton code example in Python which signals a failure when the work function returns an unexpected value or throws an exception:
import requests
URL = "PING_URL"
def do_work():
# Do your number crunching, backup dumping, newsletter sending work here.
# Return a truthy value on success.
# Return a falsy value or throw an exception on failure.
return True
success = False
try:
success = do_work()
finally:
# On success, requests PING_URL
# On failure, requests PING_URL/fail
requests.get(URL if success else URL + "/fail")


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Brickoff is a game I'm working on. It's not done yet. It's also a music project. If it ends after only a few levels, that's because I haven't written more levels yet. Hold on.
It's a cross between the classic Brickout-type games we're used to playing -- Brickles, DX-Ball, that kind of thing -- and the physics of air hockey. Usually, the Brickout clones involve a rectangular paddle, which can move only side to side, and a ball, and the ball's direction depends on where it hits on the paddle. If the ball falls to the bottom of the screen, the player loses a life. The goal is to clear the screen of bricks by hitting them with the ball. I figured I could make a similar game using more realistic physics. If you've played these Brickout clones, you'll notice that this paddle can move in any direction and hit the ball in any direction. You can even lift the paddle up by pressing the mouse button and put it back down by letting go, which can capture the ball! Be careful, though, because the grip isn't totally tight! You can press p at any time to pause.
This game is more of a learning project for me, so I made the physics from scratch. You know, conservation of energy and momentum. The title screen came first so that I could develop the physics. There are still some difficult bits left undone, like rotation, inelastic collisions, that sort of thing.
JavaScript has a Web Audio API. All the sounds are dynamically generated from scratch by creating the waveforms, envelopes, etc. I've had to learn quite a bit about how to do audio synthesis! I've also made all of the sound effects notes in the C1 harmonic scale. That strange note in the second level, for example, is an 11th harmonic. When the game is finished, my plan is to do something interesting with it -- see the clue in the name of the first level.
We call this "programmer art". My wife hates the colors. I like them. Sorry.
It should work on Chrome and Safari at least, and probably Firefox. IE lacks the Web Audio API entirely, so it simply won't work on IE. Opera... I'll let you figure that one out. The game can't work with mobile at all since necessarily involves the mouse.
 Well, not to worry -- you can change the zoom in your browser and make the whole thing bigger or smaller! Check your browser for how to do that, but if you have a trackpad, you can usually pinch to change the zoom.
If you have comments, questions, scale requests, anything of the sort, please feel free to email me at webmaster@offtonic.com!


Ayni Game
DevOps Gamification
Gamification
Nowadays the word Gamification has been spread out through multiples industry sectors promising benefits in the organizations like better productivity and higher incomes. But first of all, what is Gamification? Well, Gamification is a mindset that transform the way we work by three different ways:
- Fostering a culture of learning
- Encouraging employees who are doing tough or repetitive tasks
- Recognizing employees who are going beyond their job descriptions
Authentication
Ayni Game
So, with that briefly description of Gamification, we are proud to introduce Ayni. A new way to gamify Continuous Delivery powered by DevOps. Ayni is inspired in the ancient Inkas culture, where the community was formed by families (Ayllus) and they worked helping each other (Ayni) to accomplish a common goal. This goal was to protect their lands, feed the community and some others.
Ayni is formed by five main concepts:
- Ayllu
- Runa
- Waka
- Quri
- Tambo
With these main concepts we can have several Ayllus inside an organization, each of them with different number of Runas (people). The Ayllus will be on charge of one or more Wakas (territory or products).


Iberico World Tapas
The Shire Hall, High Pavement
Nottingham, ENG, NG11HN
GBR
Please call the restaurant (01159 410 410) to arrange collection.
Order No. 10207
Placed on Jan 9, 2018
By David Irons (duh)


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