My journey began in October of 1988. I am the son of Gazell and Dorothea Scott. My father comes from a very large family originally from a small town in Florida, and my mother hails from Harlem, New York. Both of my parents had it extremely rough growing up, and they instilled in me at a very tender age the importance of hard work, and taking accountability for my actions. Even though they were not presented with many of the resources and opportunities that I have been blessed with, they worked earnestly to provide me with a better life than they had. So I give them all the credit for all the success that I have endured thus far. I have always had a burden in my heart to help others.
At the young age of 15, I was the director of my own basketball camp at the Albany YMCA, where we had an enrichment program, took field trips, and the camp was free to all those who were Albany Housing recipients. I conducted this camp for several years and this is where I discovered my desire for giving back to my community.As a child I attended the Albany School of Humanities, and later Hackett Middle School, where I excelled academically taking all honors courses.
Due to my success in the classroom, as well as on the basketball court, I was accepted to Albany Academy, where I really began to come into my own. During my four-year tenure at Albany Academy, I led community service projects in Albany, started leadership programs, and accumulated numerous accolades through basketball and football, while also participating for race relations. I graduated in 2006 in a class where I was the only minority, and went on to receive a scholarship to play basketball at Iona College. However, after the firing of my coach, and suffering a back injury some years later, I decided in the summer of 2010 to move back home to be closer to my family. That is when the real work started.
As I look around my neighborhood, I see that we are in dire need of more positive role-models.   My desire to stand up and make a difference is at an all-time high.
In the summer of 2011, one of my players was senselessly murdered at a house party. He was only 15 years old and the friend whose house I dropped him off at was the same friend who he went to the party with who later left him after he had been shot. Here was someone with so much potential, whose life was taken for no reason.  Shortly after his funeral, I decided to make it my life’s mission to do my part in changing my community.
4th Family is not your average non-profit organization. It is a movement, a mind-set, a life-style. This organization is comprised of a group of educated young men and woman who refuse to sit back and watch an entire community deteriorate. Please join us in this fight in whatever capacity you can contribute.
Jahkeen Hoke is a Co-Founder and Chief Development Officer of 4th Family, Co-Owner of The Stilted Group, Director of External Affairs at the Capital District (Albany) Black Chamber of Commerce, Business Development Consultant to many start-ups and small businesses, and Board Member to other community organizations. At 4th Family, Mr. Hoke spends a majority of his time overseeing the daily business activities and the long-term strategy of the organization in conjunction with teaching entrepreneurship and on-boarding new programs and strategic partners to the organization.
An Albany, New York native, he grew up in the South End with his sister and single Mom spending much of his time at his grandparent's house. Jahkeen was able to overcome an environment riddled with drugs, crime, gangs, teenage pregnancy, and domestic abuse through the use of sports. He stayed active in bowling, baseball, basketball, and football. Jahkeen also participated in activities and programs through school and the YMCA and various Teen Centers, all places, and programs that no longer exist or operate in the same capacity.
Jahkeen graduated from Albany High School and went on to attend Morehouse College where he learned to understand and appreciate the importance of giving back and being involved in the community. Throughout his matriculation, Jahkeen led numerous social engagement projects, tutored and mentored youth in the Atlanta area, all while working a full-time job to pay for housing and tuition. While at Morehouse, Mr. Hoke had the opportunity to develop the vision and business strategy for 4th Family Incorporated through a Social Entrepreneurship Course. Jahkeen graduated Cum Laude from Morehouse in 2011 and returned to Albany to spread his newfound knowledge of community and responsibility in his hometown. When he returned to Albany, he reconnected with his grade-school classmate and friend John Scott. Together, Jahkeen and John worked tirelessly to make 4th Family become a reality.
Mr. Hoke is passionately committed to making a difference in not just his community, but communities throughout the nation, and his combination of savvy business & political acumen and real-life experiences make him the perfect candidate to help lead the way.
Dr. John Drazan is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the University of Pennsylvania. His research is focused on the development of low-cost sensors for to study human biomechanics for orthopedic research and sports science. In addition to his biomedical research, John is the STEM director for 4th Family Inc., where he engages urban students in STEM outreach using sports science and analytics.
As STEM director, John has assembled a diverse team of academics, teachers, basketball coaches, and players united by a common goal of broadening educational opportunity for our youth through a shared love of sports. His work in STEM outreach has won several major awards including the “Best Research Paper” at the MIT-Sloan Sports Analytics Conference, the NSF GK12 Fellowship, and the NIH-IRACDA Postdoctoral Fellowship at the University of Pennsylvania.


The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
by Mark Twain
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a first person narrative told by the title character, Huckleberry Finn, as he accompanies a runaway slave on his journey to freedom.
An adventure involves risk and physical danger. It may include a quest or a voyage and may be set in different time periods or strange lands.
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a first person narrative told by the title character, Huckleberry Finn, as he accompanies a runaway slave on his journey to freedom.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is set in the 1840's in the fictitious town of St. Petersburg, Missouri, where Tom lives with his deceased mother's sister, Aunt Polly, and his half-brother, Sid. After Tom plays hooky from school, he is made to whitewash Aunt Polly's fence as punishment, but persuades his friends to do it for him.
Tom's real trouble begins when he and Huck Finn witness a murder committed by Injun Joe. They swear to never tell, and the wrong man, Muff Potter, is accused of the crime. Tom, Huck, and a friend run away to be pirates, but become aware that the whole town is searching for their bodies. Each of the boys make an appearance at their own funerals, where they are greeted with open arms. As Muff Potter's trial begins, Tom is overcome with guilt and testifies against Injun Joe, who quickly flees the courtroom.
Later, on a class field trip to a cave, Tom and his love interest, Becky Thatcher, get lost. As they run out of food and candles searching for a way out, Tom and Becky come upon Injun Joe, who is using the cave as a hideout. Tom finds a way out just as the search party is giving up. The town rejoices and Judge Thatcher, Becky's father, has the cave sealed, unknowingly trapping Injun Joe inside where he starves to death.
Around the World in 80 Days (French: Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours) is a classic adventure novel by the French writer Jules Verne, first published in 1873. In the story, Phileas Fogg of London and his newly employed French valet Passepartout attempt to circumnavigate the world in 80 days on a £20,000 wager set by his friends at the Reform Club.
Black Beauty is a novel told in the first person (or "first horse") as an autobiographical memoir told by a highbred horse named Black Beauty-beginning with his carefree days as a colt on an English farm, to his difficult life pulling cabs in London, to his happy retirement in the country.
The Call of the Wild is a novel by American writer Jack London. The plot concerns a previously domesticated happy dog named Buck, whose primordial instincts return after a series of events leads to his serving as a sled dog in the Yukon during the 19th-century Klondike Gold Rush, in which sled dogs were bought at generous prices.
Published in 1903, The Call of the Wild is London's most-read book, and it is generally considered his best, the masterpiece of his so-called "early period". Because the protagonist is a dog, it is sometimes classified as a juvenile novel, suitable for children, but it is dark in tone and contains numerous scenes of cruelty and violence.
London followed the book in 1906 with White Fang, a companion novel with many similar plot elements and themes as Call of the Wild, although following a mirror image plot in which a wild wolf becomes civilized by a mining expert from San Francisco named Weedon Scott.
Canoemates: A Story of the Florida Reef and Everglades is a story about young boys who cruise through the Florida Everglades in search of adventure in the late 1800s.
The Count of Monte Cristo is an adventure story that takes place during the historical events of 1815 to 1838. This piece tells the tale of a man who seeks revenge after his escape from prision and deals with the central themes of vengeance, justice, forgiveness, and mercy.
When Rene De Veaux’s parents die he goes to live with his uncle, who happens to be setting out on an exploration of the new world.
The Go Ahead Boys and the Racing Motor-Boat is an adventure story about boys who enter a boat race.
Half-Past Seven Stories, a continuation of the Seven O’Clock Stories, follows the adventures of Marmaduke and the Toyman.
Heart of Darkness is a frame narrative recounting Charles Marlow's voyage down the Congo River.
How Sammy Went to Coral-Land is a children’s short story about a salmon named Sammy who has grand adventures when he swims to Coral-Land alone.
In the Wilds of Florida is a tale of an Irish schoolboy who leaves school and his struggling family in Ireland to come to America. He experiences a Florida where fighting still erupts between Cherokee and Seminole Indians, where white people are under threat of Indian attack, and the landscape is mostly swamp or plains of dense brush.
Set during the time of the Mexican War, Jack Tier is a realistic sea story.
Originally published in French in 1864, the first English translation of this classic of adventure and science fiction was published in 1871. The book describes the journey of a scientist, his nephew, and their guide through the Earth's interior by way of volcanic tubes. Along the way, they encounter various threats and wonders, seeing evidence of earlier stages in the planet's development.
Sara Crewe is left in the care of Miss Minchin's Seminary when her father departs for India.
Also known as The Whale, this is the story of Ishmael, a sailor aboard the Pequod with Captain Ahab. Ishmael soon realizes that vengeful Ahab's only mission is to find the sperm whale, Moby Dick.
The Moving Picture Girls Under the Palms or Lost in the Wilds of Florida is a story of adventure following the DeVere girls on a journey through the Florida Swamps while filming a movie.
The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket is the only complete novel written by American writer Edgar Allan Poe. The work relates the tale of the young Arthur Gordon Pym who stows away aboard a whaling ship called Grampus. Various adventures and misadventures befall Pym including shipwreck, mutiny, and cannibalism before he is saved by the crew of the Jane Guy. Aboard this vessel, Pym and a sailor named Dirk Peters continue their adventures further south. Docking on land, they encounter hostile black-skinned natives before escaping back to the ocean. The novel ends abruptly as Pym and Peters continue towards the South Pole.
Published in 1897, The Open Boat is based on an actual incident from Stephen Crane’s life. While on his way to Cuba, Crane's ship sank off the coast of Florida. Crane and other survivors were stranded at sea for thirty hours. They eventually made their way to safety in a small boat, but one of the men drowned while trying to swim to shore. Crane wrote this story soon after the incident occured.
The Outdoor Chums on the Gulf follows the story of Jerry, Will, Frank, and Bluff and their adventures.
The Outdoor Girls in Florida is a story of adventure following a group of girls (Amy, Mollie, Betty, and Grace) on a journey to help their friend Will.
The Sea-Wolf is a psychological adventure novel by American novelist Jack London about a literary critic and other survivors of an ocean collision who come under the dominance of Wolf Larsen, the powerful and amoral sea captain who rescues them.
Seven O’Clock Stories is a collection of children’s stories about Marmaduke, the Jehosophat, and the Toyman.
Treasure Island is an adventure novel by Robert Louis Stevenson, narrating a tale of “buccaneers and buried gold.” Traditionally considered a coming of age story, its influence on popular lore about pirates can not be overestimated.
A Victorious Union, part of Oliver Optic's Blue and the Gray series, is an adventure story set in the time of the Civil War.
Mark and Ruth’s parents sell their plantation and move to Florida. The children have many adventures in their new home state.
Hans Pfaal goes to great lengths to escape his creditors.
Captain Pratt sets off on an adventure circling the globe.
An unnamed narrator retells Augustus Bedloe's account of his strange experiences in the Ragged Mountains.
Separated from his family, the narrator sets sail on a cargo ship from Indonesia.


[gecode-users] GIST
Tripti Saxena
tsaxena2212 at gmail.com
Tue Mar 30 21:17:59 CEST 2010
Hello,
I have written a small solver in C++ and I was wondering if I can use
Gist to visual the search tree produced by the my solver. In other words is
it possible to use Gist independent of Gecode ? The basic interface provided
by Gist is good but I will have to make extension specific to my solver.
Has anyone tried this before. I read the manual and created a QT application
where I was trying to include Gist as a widget. Although the manual says it
is possible, I kept getting linker errors because the class definitions
(GistMainWindow) is not exported. Is there a way around it or maybe there is
something I am missing out.
Thanks in advance.
Tripti
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Classes supporting the com.interface21.orm.jdo package. Contains a DAO base class for JdoTemplate usage.


EBD - Easton Bible DIctionary
Dragon well
DRAGON WELL
"DRAGON WELL "(
Nehemiah 2:13
), supposed by some to be identical with the Pool of Gihon.
"DRAGON WELL "(Nehemiah 2:13), supposed by some to be identical with the Pool of Gihon.


UITextField(Styles)
@interface UITextField (Styles)
UITextField+Styles allows to modify text and view styles for particular states
-
Sets text style for state
Note It is also usable as UIAppearance selector.
See
TextStyle for more referenceDeclaration
Objective-C
- (void)setTextStyle:(TextStyle *)style forState:(TextInputState)state;
Swift
func setTextStyle(_ style: TextStyle!, for state: TextInputState)
-
Sets view style for particular state. Can throw an exception in case you set the style for both states and layer properties are missing. In particular, you have to match layer properties.
See
ViewStyle for more information.
Note It is also usable as UIAppearance selector.
See
ViewStyle for more referenceDeclaration
Objective-C
- (void)setViewStyle:(ViewStyle *)style forState:(TextInputState)state;
Swift
func setViewStyle(_ style: ViewStyle!, for state: TextInputState)
-
Sets text style of placehoder for particular state
Note It is also usable as UIAppearance selector.
See
TextStyle for more referenceDeclaration
Objective-C
- (void)setPlaceholderStyle:(TextStyle *)style forState:(TextInputState)state;
Swift
func setPlaceholderStyle(_ style: TextStyle!, for state: TextInputState)


There is a significant amount of subtle, yet precisely calibrated, styling to ensure that your content is emphasized while still looking aesthetically pleasing.
All links are easy to locate and discern, yet don’t detract from the harmony
of a paragraph. The same goes for italics and bold elements. Even the the strikeout
works if for some reason you need to update your post. For consistency’s sake,
The same goes for insertions, of course.
Code, with syntax highlighting
Code blocks use the solarized theme. Both the light and dark versions are included, so you can swap them out easily. Solarized Dark is the default.
class Awesome < ActiveRecord::Base
include EvenMoreAwesome
validates_presence_of :something
validates :email, email_format: true
def initialize(email, name = nil)
self.email = email
self.name = name
end
end
Headings!
They’re responsive, and well-proportioned (in padding
, line-height
, margin
, and font-size
).
They also heavily rely on the awesome utility, BASSCSS.
They draw the perfect amount of attention
This allows your content to have the proper informational and contextual hierarchy. Yay.
There are lists, too
- Apples
- Oranges
- Potatoes
- Milk
- Mow the lawn
- Feed the dog
- Dance
Images look great, too
There are also pretty colors
Also the result of BASSCSS, you can highlight certain components of a post with CSS classes.
I don’t recommend using blue, though. It looks like a link.
Stylish blockquotes included
You can use the markdown quote syntax, >
for simple quotes.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse quis porta mauris.
However, you need to inject html if you’d like a citation footer. I will be working on a way to hopefully sidestep this inconvenience.
Perfection is achieved, not when there is nothing more to add, but when there is nothing left to take away.
There’s more being added all the time
Checkout the Github repository to request, or add, features.
Happy writing.


Please issue GET request to /hackernews-api/top-stories for top stories, and /hackernews-api/story/{id} for individual stories.
GET
/hackernews-api/top-stories
/hackernews-api/story/{id}
To view the status of this server (logs and analytics), go to /dashboard.
/dashboard


_Fight_Club_ (R) **** (out of ****)
Hear or read a story about _Fight_Club_, and chances are it's about violence--that is, the film's amount and glorification of it. Indeed, there is a fair amount of brutality on display in David Fincher's adaptation of the Chuck Palahniuk novel (after all, the film is called _Fight_Club_), but that's just a mean to an end. And the end--in every sense of the word--is but one of the many striking blows this electrifying, electrified film deals its unsuspecting audience. Physical violence may give the initial sting, but it's the film's psychological violence that leaves the lasting impression.
For all the carnage on display, what comes as the greatest shock while watching _Fight_Club_ is realizing that the film is a _comedy_--albeit a dark and very cynical one at that (and what else could it be, coming from _Se7en_ and _The_Game_ maestro Fincher?). The tone is set by our nameless, Everyman narrator (Edward Norton, award-worthy as usual) whose boredom with his mind-numbing job and life leads to a perpetual case of insomnia. To fill his sleepless nights, he indulges in some strange addictions: first, shopping from catalogs, in particular those of IKEA; then attending support groups for people with ailments he never has and likely never will suffer himself. But when he discovers another unafflicted person, one Marla Singer (Helena Bonham Carter, cast way against type and delivering), making the rounds at his meetings, he finds himself without a worthwhile time-consuming vice.
The ultimate addiction comes after the narrator returns home from a business trip to find that his apartment and all his precious catalog-purchased items have been lost in a mysterious explosion. With nowhere else to turn, he impulsively calls homemade soap salesman Tyler Durden (Brad Pitt), whom he met on the returning flight. After having perhaps too many beers, the two get into a playful but no less brutal fistfight outside of a bar, catching the attention and inciting the involvement of a few other patrons. Thus begins the strange underground society of senseless organized beatings known as Fight Club.
Which leads to numerous scenes of men graphically pounding each other into a blood-drenched pulp, which, in turn, has led to charges that _Fight_Club_ glorifies violence. There is some evidence supporting that argument: the fisticuffs fuel our emasculated narrator's spiritual liberation; and Fincher, never one to shy away from grisliness in previous films, doesn't pass up an opportunity to linger over every last gory detail. It is overkill, no doubt--but that's precisely the joke. The violence is so extreme as to be over-the-top, much like everything else in this film--to ridiculous effect. The fight scenes are really not all too different opening sections of the film, which detail the narrator's goods-obsessed lifestyle in often literal detail (at one point, prices and product descriptions appear in his apartment out of thin air, turning it into a living catalog page).
As the underground Fight Club mutates into the very visible Project Mayhem under Tyler's guidance, the narrator comes to see the light and sets out to stop his partner-in-crime, which turns out to be much more easily said than done, but not in the way he expects. This point of the story has also been debated about (and will leave a number of audiences talking), with the negative comments calling it a cheap trick. Far from it. More than just a powerful reinforcement of the film's theme of how the rigidity of society reins in the freedom to express and simply be who one is, it also ties into Fincher and scripter Jim Uhls' slyest joke. I won't give it away, but it's related to an idea Tyler expresses where identity itself is a product, with public figures being the walking billboards for an unattainable ideal. In that respect, the casting of Pitt--who does a terrific job in any respect--reveals itself to be especially canny.
_Fight_Club_ is about submission, but not the bloody submission many men pummel each other into through the course of the film. It is, however, about a different type of submission--that of unique human identity to the homogenization of consumer-driven culture. The brave, subversive, and wholly intoxicating way in which Fincher makes his point is far more shocking than any fight scene in this stunning and important cinematic work.
Michael Dequina<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Mr. Brown's Movie Site: http://welcome.to/mrbrown CinemaReview Magazine: http://www.CinemaReview.com on ICQ: #25289934 | on AOL Instant Messenger: MrBrown23
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Angular Kendo
Getting Started
Installation
Simple Widget Creation
Creation From Existing Elements
Remote Data
Kendo UI DataSource


Before start speaking about points, an explanation about indexes affecting points should be done. After that, you may also check the task explanation page in order to understand why some tasks has no points for some ground or air kills.
Experience index is a way to show how good is your actual virtual pilot. When you start a new virtual pilot carreer (first mission, or first mission after kia/mia) you pilot experience is set to 1 (or 100%). Then, while you keep this pilot alive, experience grows. It will never decrease. In table below you can see what actions or events makes changes on your pilot experience. Once pilot dies, experience turns back to 1 (or 100%).
This index will affect the points won in mission. For example, if your pilot experience after 8 sorties alive is 1.23 (123%), the mission points are increased by 23%. The bad news are that at same time your experience grows, the prize for your head increase too. This is because on every airkill, the points won are affected by the killed pilot expereince.
Lets say you fly a mission, and you will get 10 points for each fighter. If you kill an AI_Veteran (experience 0.8 or 80%) you will get only 8 points. And if you kill an expert human, suppose a pilot with experience valued 1.68 (or 168%), you will get 17 points.
This index makes 2 things. One is to foment you keep alive your virtual pilot, this way you win more points. Other things is to set the amount points for an airkill.  So, we have dynamic scores per kill, based on pilot experience.
When you rescue a pilot, you experience grow by 0.1 (10%), because you learn from the pilot you just saved.
Fairplay index works like the experience one, but with some differences. One is that Fairplay index max value is 100%. This represents how much you follow recommendations. In Bellum is not against rules to use smoke or kill chutes. But, as most people dislike this things, every time an action "not recommended" is detected, the fairplay will decrease.
Below table shows how much some actions decrease the fairplay index. The total points of mission is affected by this index.
So, this index is like an automatic punishment. It recovers in steps of 5% if you fly without breaking recommendations. If you want to get all points from missions, you better keep this index at 100%. This is also required to get medals.
When you rescue a pilot, you fairplay is set to 100%, as a bonus.
Next table show the amount of points for each kill depending your mission task.
Next table show the amount of points based on your task. Each task has a different condition, so in Bellum can have in same side different results. If you are escorting a group of bombers, and all them come back alive, you get max points because that. At same time, bombers need to hit the target to get more mission points.
Finaly, this are some other pointed events:


Welcome To Basketball
Place the basket along a wall
Ready to Play!
Stop AR
Welcome To Basketball
Enter AR to Start Playing


I'm not that good at coding
For that I need:
| Food | Time |
|---|---|
| Salad | 15 min |
| Quesadillas | 30 min |
Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds.
In humans, these viruses cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal.
Be careful
Whatever you do, do it well. – Walt Disney


I have great passion for Tamil Literature and the age old temples of India built by the finest Kings and Emperors to rule the country. I have been blogging about Tamil literature and Temples since 2005. And here is my blog, since then my passion has been ever-growing. This dictionary application is just my contribution to the Tamil community of the world
This project has been released under the open source MIT license. Feel free to use or modify the code. However, please read the disclaimer section for the content. Please send in your feedback and comments
My email is rprabhu.mca (at] gmail (dot] com


TODO: When page is loaded. The first click on Submit do not work. Why?
TODO: The JavaScript document.CurrentScript gives null. Why?
document.CurrentScript
null
Test JavaScript placed in head and button with onclick event.


Module ROT.Display
Visual Display.
A Code Page 437 terminal emulator based on AsciiPanel.
Functions
| Display:__init ([w=80[, h=24[, scale=1[, dfg[, dbg[, full=false[, vsync=false[, fsaa=0]]]]]]]]) | Constructor. |
| Display:draw () | Draw. |
| Display:getCharacter (x, y) | Get a character. |
| Display:getBackgroundColor (x, y) | Get a background color. |
| Display:getForegroundColor (x, y) | Get a foreground color. |
| Display:setDefaultBackgroundColor (c) | Set Default Background Color. |
| Display:setDefaultForegroundColor (c) | Set Defaul Foreground Color. |
| Display:clear ([c=' '[, x=1[, y=1[, w[, h[, fg[, bg]]]]]]]) | Clear the screen. |
| Display:clearCanvas () | Clear canvas. |
| Display:write (s[, x=1[, y=1[, fg[, bg]]]]) | Write. |
| Display:writeCenter (s[, y=1[, fg[, bg]]]) | Write Center. |
Functions
- Display:__init ([w=80[, h=24[, scale=1[, dfg[, dbg[, full=false[, vsync=false[, fsaa=0]]]]]]]])
-
Constructor.
The display constructor. Called when ROT.Display:new() is called.
Parameters:
- w int Width of display in number of characters (default 80)
- h int Height of display in number of characters (default 24)
- scale float Scale factor applied to characters (default 1)
- dfg table Default foreground color as a table defined as {r,g,b,a}
- dbg table Default background color
- full boolean Use fullscreen (default false)
- vsync boolean Use vsync (default false)
- fsaa int Number of fsaa passes (default 0)
Returns:
-
nil
- Display:draw ()
- Draw. The main draw function. This should be called from love.draw() to display any written characters to screen
- Display:getCharacter (x, y)
-
Get a character.
returns the character being displayed at position x, y
Parameters:
- x int The x-position of the character
- y int The y-position of the character
Returns:
-
string
The character
- Display:getBackgroundColor (x, y)
-
Get a background color.
returns the current background color of the character written to position x, y
Parameters:
- x int The x-position of the character
- y int The y-position of the character
Returns:
-
table
The background color as a table defined as {r,g,b,a}
- Display:getForegroundColor (x, y)
-
Get a foreground color.
returns the current foreground color of the character written to position x, y
Parameters:
- x int The x-position of the character
- y int The y-position of the character
Returns:
-
table
The foreground color as a table defined as {r,g,b,a}
- Display:setDefaultBackgroundColor (c)
-
Set Default Background Color.
Sets the background color to be used when it is not provided
Parameters:
- c table The background color as a table defined as {r,g,b,a}
- Display:setDefaultForegroundColor (c)
-
Set Defaul Foreground Color.
Sets the foreground color to be used when it is not provided
Parameters:
- c table The foreground color as a table defined as {r,g,b,a}
- Display:clear ([c=' '[, x=1[, y=1[, w[, h[, fg[, bg]]]]]]])
-
Clear the screen.
By default wipes the screen to the default background color.
You can provide a character, x-position, y-position, width, height, fore-color and back-color
and write the same character to a portion of the screen
Parameters:
- c string A character to write to the screen - may fail for strings with a length > 1 (default ' ')
- x int The x-position from which to begin the wipe (default 1)
- y int The y-position from which to begin the wipe (default 1)
- w int The number of chars to wipe in the x direction
- h int Then number of chars to wipe in the y direction
- fg table The color used to write the provided character
- bg table the color used to fill in the background of the cleared space
- Display:clearCanvas ()
- Clear canvas. runs the clear method of the Love2D canvas object being used to write to the screen
- Display:write (s[, x=1[, y=1[, fg[, bg]]]])
-
Write.
Writes a string to the screen
Parameters:
- Display:writeCenter (s[, y=1[, fg[, bg]]])
-
Write Center.
write a string centered on the middle of the screen
Parameters:


Susanne Bødker, Kaj Grønbæk
Referenced by Madsen and Aiken and credited with describing how developers find it hard to respond smoothly to requests to change prototype behaviours during workshops.
"we are proposing a cooperative prototyping approach where users are involved actively and creatively in design and evaluation of early prototypes. This paper illustrates the approach by describing the design of computer support for casework in a technical department of a Danish municipality"
"during preparation of sessions it is necessary to think of a
repertoire of good example applications to have in stock for the next sessions. This
corresponds to an attempt to anticipate the potential direction of development of
the group in the following sessions"
"There are other ways of being prepared for such situations. We see less fancy prototyping means such as mock-ups, see for example Kyng (1989); Bodker (1991) as a handy support. What we are thinking of is using anything from simple paper screen images to more advanced slide- or video-based simulations to support design. Vertelney (1989) describes the use of a range of tools from simple drawings in flip-books to advanced video-based animations for storyboard prototyping. Earlier projects (Btidker er al., 1987) have shown that often mock-up simulations are more easily set up for illustration than are computer-based prototypes. A disadvantage of mock-ups, however, is that it is harder for users to experience dynamic aspects of the future system than it is with a computer-based prototype simulation"


By Teloi 2017/10 3 Comments
Viewer is a basic demo.including the construction of the model and the movement of the camera,loading the sky box.
By Teloi 2017/10 5 Comments
Viewer-mmd is a model loading demo Action. Model. Camera. Music is integrated into a page In development
By Teloi 2017/10 4 Comments
Viewer-Ammo uses ammo.js physics engine Implementing physical effects in a page
By Teloi 2017/10 1 Comments
Viewer-cannon uses cannon.js physics engine Implementing physical effects in a page
By Teloi 2017/10 2 Comments
Viewer-octree is an implementation of loose octree. It is ready to be applied to practical projects
By Teloi 2017/10 2 Comments
Viewer-octree is an implementation of csg.js. It is ready to be applied to practical projects


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HIGH COURT OF MADHYA PRADESH PRINCIPAL SEAT AT JABALPUR Writ Petition No.1574/2008 Ajay Dubey. Petitioner Vs State of M.P. and others. Respondents For the petitioner : Shri Siddharth Gupta, Advocate For the respondents: Shri Naman Nagrath, Additional No.1, 2, 3, 6, 8 & 9 Advocate General For the respondent : Shri Ashish Shroti, Advocate No.4 For the respondents : Shri Sushrut Dharmadhikari, No.5 & 10 Writ Petition No.13118/2009 Madhya Pradesh State Mining Corporation Ltd. Petitioner Vs Union of India and others. Respondents For the petitioner : Shri Viplav Sharma, Advocate with Shri J.P.Shah and Shri Aditya Sharma, Advocate For the respondent : Shri Siddharth Gupta, Advocate No.1 For the respondent : Shri Ashish Shroti, Advocate No.4 For the respondent : Shri Naman Nagrath, Additional Nos.5, 6 & 7 Advocate General 22 Writ Petition No.13329/2009 Ajay Dubey. Petitioner Vs State of M.P. and others. Respondents For the petitioner : Shri Siddharth Gupta, Advocate For the respondents : Shri Naman Nagrath, Additional No.1, 2 & 4 Advocate General For the respondent : Shri Ashish Shroti, Advocate No.3 For the respondents: Shri Sushrut Dharmadhikari, No.5 and 6 Advocate Present : Hon'ble The Chief Justice Shri S.R.Alam Hon'ble Shri Justice Alok Aradhe ORDER
(29/09/2010) PER : S. R. ALAM, CHIEF JUSTICE :
In these three writ petitions since common question of law and facts are involved and also as agreed to by the learned counsel for the parties, they were heard together and are being decided by this common order.
2. Writ Petition No.1574/2008 and Writ Petition No.13329/2009 have been preferred as public interest litigations by one Ajay Dubey describing himself to be Secretary of Environment Friendly Organization- 'Prayatna', mainly with the grievance that number of mines/quarries are being operated illegally across the State of Madhya Pradesh without obtaining the statutory clearances which are mandatory in nature and, therefore, a direction has been sought to stop operation of all such mines which are being 33 run notwithstanding the fact that closure orders have already been issued by the concerned authorities. It has also been inter alia prayed that a High Level Committee be constituted to enquire the matter pertaining to grant of permission for such mining operations.
3. In the other petition i.e. W.P. No.13329/2009, the validity of Sub-rule (1) and (2) of Rule 49 of M.P. Minor Mineral Rules, 1996 (hereinafter referred to as '1996 Rules' ) which gives exemption from taking environmental clearance under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 for excavation of sand and 'bajri' is challenged on the ground inter alia that it confers unfettered, unguided and uncanalised powers on the Director to grant exemption from obtaining environmental clearances to any particular mine for special consideration and, thus, the same being in violation of Sections 13, 15(1A) and 18 of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (hereinafter referred to as 'MMDR Act' ) and Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988 (hereinafter referred to as '1988 Rules' ) is ultra vires besides being discriminatory as it is violative of Article 14 of the Constitution of India. It is therefore inter alia prayed that the State respondents be directed to ensure that no mining activity in respect of excavation of sand and 'bajri' should be allowed to be undertaken without seeking prior clearance under the provisions of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Environmental Impact Assessment (in short 'EIA' ) Notification dated 14.9.2006 and other allied statutory provisions relating to environment.
444. W.P. No.13118/2009 has been preferred by the M.P. State Mining Corporation Ltd. against the letters/orders of the State Level Expert Appraisal Committee (Respondent No.2) dated 12.6.2009, State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (Respondent No.3) dated 6.7.2009 and of M.P. State Pollution Control Board (Respondent No.4) dated 13.7.2009 whereunder the petitioner is asked to obtain environmental clearances and to obtain NOC under EIA notification dated 14.9.2006 issued by the Central Government under Rule 5(3) of Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. It has further been asserted that in view of the exemption granted under Rule 49 of the 1996 Rules, the respondents cannot insist the Corporation to obtain statutory clearances and the NOC under the aforesaid enactments and EIA Notification dated 14.9.2006.
5. Therefore, the core issue involved in all the three writ petitions is as to whether for carrying out quarry operation of sand and 'bajri' environmental clearances and NOC as aforesaid are required to be obtained notwithstanding exemption granted in respect of same under Rule 49 of the 1996 Rules.
6. The case of the petitioner of W.P. No.1574/2008 is that there is gross dereliction in the matter of enforcement or implementation of environmental provisions on the part of the respondents inasmuch as mass scale illegal mining activities of unprecedented nature are being carried out in the State of Madhya Pradesh since more than a decade. It has been further alleged that in reference to query made under Right to Information Act, 2005, the respondent No.4 namely M.P. State Pollution Control Board (in short 'Board') vide letter dated 11.4.2007 informed the petitioner that 526 mines which have an area of more than 5 hectares 55 are being operated in the State of Madhya Pradesh and out of aforesaid 526, no application has been received by the Board in respect of 296 mines. It has further been informed that the closure orders have been issued in respect of 15 mines which have an area of less than 5 hectares situated in the districts of Gwalior, Bhind, Morena, Datia and Sheopur. The petitioner was further informed that out of 315 mines, 108 mines are being run without obtaining any permission under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. The petitioner further claimed that he has submitted a representation to Chief Minister of State of Madhya Pradesh with the prayer for instituting a high level independent enquiry. It is further stated in the writ petition that in exercise of powers under Section 3(2) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 read with Rule 5(3) of Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, the Central Government has issued a notification dated 14.9.2006 which requires that no new project of the nature listed in Schedule-I to the above notification shall be undertaken in any part of India unless it is given environmental clearance by the Central Government. It is pleaded in the writ petition that the aforesaid notification provides full-fledged comprehensive procedure. Clause III-A, Clause IV and Entry 20 of Schedule-I refers to mining projects. It has further been stated that by order dated 25.8.2003 the respondent No.4 has directed that grant/ renewal of environmental permits for mining operations in respect of mining leases over an area of more than 5 hectares would be the responsibility of the Board, while in respect of areas having less than 5 hectares the responsibility of renewal of environmental permits would be shouldered by the Regional Officers. It has further been alleged that around 1300 mines are being illegally operated in State of Madhya Pradesh.
667. Respondents No.1 to 3, 6, 8 & 9 (State Authorities) have filed the return, inter alia, in which, it is pleaded that the writ petition suffer from the vice of non-joinder of necessary parties inasmuch as the lessees of the mining leases have not been arrayed as respondents. It has further been averred that no material has been brought on record to show that on account of quarrying operation of sand and 'bajri', the same is causing environmental pollution and, therefore, requires clearance under various statutory provisions.
8. In W.P. No.13329/2009, besides questioning the validity of the provisions contained Rule 49 of the Rules of 1996, it has been alleged that EIA notification which has been issued in exercise of powers delegated by Parliament does not exempt sand and ''bajri'' mines from environmental clearance, whereas the respondents No.1 and 2 in the return have stated that challenge to the validity of Rule 49 of the 1996 Rules is misconceived. It has been stated that exemption to sand/'bajri' mines under Rule 49 of 1996 Rules has been granted as sand/'bajri' constitute altogether a different class, for which neither any mining nor any quarrying is required. Sand and 'bajri' are merely surface deposits and they are accumulated on account of natural flow of river water and for this reason under Rule 49 of 1996 Rules sand and 'bajri' mines have been exempted from requirement of obtaining environmental clearance. It has been submitted that for carrying out the process of collection of sand/'bajri', no consent or permission from the State Pollution Control Board is required because no minimum or maximum standards or permissible limits are fixed in respect of pollution with regard to sand and 'bajri' mines and, further it does not involve any mining activity such as excavation etc. as they are lying on the surface and are lifted 77 from the surface. It has further been submitted that in exercise of powers under Section 15(1-A) of MMDR Act, the State Government has framed 1996 Rules and same are within the legislative competence of the State Government.
9. In W.P. No.13118/2009, the M.P. State Mining Corporation Ltd. is the petitioner which is a Corporation fully owned and controlled by Government of Madhya Pradesh and is a government company within the meaning of Section 617 of the Companies Act, 1956. It is the case of the petitioner in the aforesaid writ petition that for carrying out quarrying operations in respect of sand/'bajri', no consent, permission or No Objection Certificate from the State Pollution Control Board or from any authority under EIA notification dated 14.9.2006 is required. Rule 49 of the 1996 Rules framed under Section 15(1A) of the MMDR Act by the State Government completely exempts quarrying operations of sand and 'bajri' from the requirement of obtaining environmental clearance.
10. Respondents No.1 and 6 in W.P. No.13118/2009 have filed counter reply in which, inter alia, it has been stated under EIA notification dated 14.9.2006, in respect of new mining projects, the expansion or modernization of existing projects, irrespective of the fact that whether mineral is major or minor, prior environmental clearance has to be obtained under the provisions mentioned in the notification as per procedure prescribed therein.
11. Respondents No.2 and 3 in Writ Petition No.13118/2009 have controverted the stand taken by the petitioner and have stated that contention of the petitioner that no environmental clearance is required to be obtained in respect of quarrying operations of sand/'bajri' is incorrect as 88 the said notification dated 14.9.2006 does not provide for any exemption in respect of quarrying of sand and 'bajri'.
12. Respondent No.4, M.P. State Pollution Control Board, has filed the return in which objection has been taken with regard to maintainability of the writ petition in so far as it pertains to challenge with regard to the orders by which the applications filed by the Corporation seeking environmental clearances have been rejected. It has been averred that statutory remedy of an appeal is provided under Section 28 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and under Section 31 of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 against the order rejecting an application for grant of consent. It has further been averred that scope of operation of MMDR Act and 1996 Rules as well as Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 is totally different.
13. We have heard Shri Siddharth Gupta, learned counsel appearing for the petitioners in W.P. No.1574/2008 and W.P. No.13329/2009. He argued that Section 6 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 empowers the Central Government to make rules in respect of the matters which are specified in sub-section (2) of Section 6. Sub-section (1) of Section 24 of the Environment Protection Act, 1986 provides that subject to the provisions of sub-section (2), the provisions of this Act and the rules or orders made therein shall have effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in any enactment other than this Act. It is submitted that in exercise of powers conferred by Sections 6 and 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 the Central Government has framed rules which are known as Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 (hereinafter referred 99 to as '1986 Rules'). Rule 5 of the 1986 Rules deals with prohibition and restriction on the location of industries and carrying on processes and operations in different areas. Rule 5(3)(a) of the 1986 Rules, inter alia, provides that whenever it appears to the Central Government that it is expedient to impose prohibition or restrictions on the location of an industry or the carrying on of processes and operations in an area, it may by notification in the Official Gazette and in such other manner as the Central Government may deem necessary from time to time, give notice of its intention to do so. Rule (3)(b) of the 1986 Rules provides that every notification issued under clause (a) shall give a brief description of the area, the industries, processes in the area about which such notification pertains and also specify that reasons for the imposition of prohibition or restrictions on the location of the industries and carrying on of processes or operations in that area. It is further submitted that in exercise of powers under Rule 5(3)(a) of the 1986 Rules initially notification dated 27.1.1994 was issued by the Central Government wherein it was provided in respect of mining projects (major minerals with less than 5 hectares), it was necessary to obtain environmental clearance from the Central Government. The aforesaid notification was superseded by notification dated 14.9.2006 by which in respect of mining operations extraction of natural resources and power generation having an area of more than 5 hectares, requirement of obtaining prior environment clearance has been prescribed. It has further been submitted that the aforesaid notification shall have the over-riding effect and shall prevail over the laws made by the Legislature of the State. In support of the aforesaid submissions learned counsel has placed reliance on the decisions of the Supreme Court in S. Jagannath vs. Union of India and others, AIR 1997 SC 811. It has further been 10 1 contended that mining operations are hazardous in nature as it impairs ecology and natural resources and, therefore, it needs to be regulated. Learned counsel in this connection has made reference to the decision of Supreme Court in M.C.Mehta vs. Union of India, (2004) 12 SCC 118. It has further been submitted that Section 24 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 has to be read in such a manner so as to secure the object of the Act for which it is enacted. During the course of submissions learned counsel for the petitioner gave up the challenge to the validity of Rule 49 of the 1996 Rules. It was submitted that in view of notification dated 14.9.2006 it is obligatory to obtain prior environmental clearance for mining operations in respect of sand and 'bajri'.
14. On the other hand, Shri Naman Nagrath, learned Additional Advocate General appearing for the State respondents in W.P. No.13329/2009 while refuting the contentions advanced on behalf of the petitioner submitted that in Schedules I & II appended to the 1996 Rules several minor minerals have been mentioned. However, only sand and 'bajri' have been exempted from the requirement of obtaining environmental clearance. It has been submitted that sand and 'bajri' constitute altogether different class of minor minerals for which neither any mining nor any quarrying is required. Sand and 'bajri' are mere surface deposits and thus are accumulated on account of natural flow of river water. Though sand and 'bajri' are minor minerals but no mining whatsoever or even quarrying operations are required to be carried out and therefore Rule 49 of the 1996 Rules exempts sand and 'bajri' from environment clearance because quarrying of sand and ''bajri'' does not cause any environmental pollution. While referring to Rule 2(xxix) it has been submitted that expressions "Mines" and "Owner"
11 1for the purpose of M.P. Minor Rules, have the same meanings respectively assigned to them in the Mines Act, 1952. Section 3(b) provides that Mines Act shall not apply to any mines engaged in the extraction of kankar, murram, laterite, boulder, gravel, minor sand, etc. Rule 5 of the 1996 Rules deals with restrictions on the grant of trade quarry or quarry lease. Rule 5(2)(d) of the 1996 Rules provides that no quarry lease or trade quarry shall be granted in respect of an area except for the mineral sand or 'bajri', within the distance of 100 meters from river banks, nalas, canal, reservoir, dam, any natural water course or any water impounding structure. Thus, for extraction of sand and 'bajri' no mining activity is involved. It has further been contended that in exercise of powers under Section 18 of Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 the Central Government has framed Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988. Chapter V of the said Rules deals with environment clearance which contains Rules 31 to 41. However, Rule 2(iv) of the 1988 Rules provides that rules shall not apply to minor minerals. It has further been contended that MMDR Act as well as Mines Act and the 1988 Rules exempt all the minor minerals from the requirement of obtaining environmental clearance. The State Government has only exempted sand and 'bajri' quarry from the requirement of obtaining environmental clearance. It has further been contended that no limits or standards of emission or discharge of environmental pollutants have been prescribed either by the Act or the Rules in respect of quarrying of sand and 'bajri', therefore, the provisions of the Act and the Rules as well as the notification do not apply to the quarrying operations of sand and 'bajri'. In support of the aforesaid propositions learned counsel has placed reliance on the decisions of the Supreme Court in M.V.Krishnan Nambissan v. State of Kerala, AIR 12 1 1966 SC 1676 and Hindustan Lever Ltd. vs. Food Inspector and another, (2004) 13 SCC 83. It has further been contended that notification dated 14.9.2006 does not apply to quarrying of sand and 'bajri' as the notification only applies to activity of mining. While referring to definition of "mining operation" and "quarrying operation" in Rule 2(xxii) of the 1996 Rules, it has been contended that "mining operations" and "quarrying operations" mean any operation undertaken for the purpose of mining any minor mineral and shall include erection of Machinery, construction of roads and other preliminary operations for the purpose of quarrying and concomitant of handling and transport of minerals up to the point of dispatch. Since no machinery is required to be erected for quarrying sand and 'bajri', therefore, quarrying of sand and 'bajri' does not amount to mining operations and consequently the notification dated 14.9.2006 does not apply to the activity of quarrying of sand and 'bajri'.
15. On the other hand, Shri Ashish Shroti, learned counsel for respondent No.3 in W.P.No.13329/2007 submitted that Rule 3(1) of the 1986 Rules deals with standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants. Sub-rule (1) of Rule 3 of the 1986 Rules provides that standards of emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from the industries, operations or processes shall be as specified in Schedules I to IV. Similarly, sub-rule (3-A) of Rule 3 of the 1986 Rules provides that emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from the industries, operations or processes other than those industries, operations or process for which standards have been specified in Schedule I shall not exceed the relevant parameters and standards specified in Schedule VI. Similarly, sub-rule (3B) of Rule 3 of the 1986 Rules provides that combined effect of emission or 13 1 discharge of environmental pollutants in an area, from industries, operations, processes, automobiles and domestic sources, shall not be permitted to exceed the relevant concentration in ambient air as specified against each pollutant to columns (3) to (5) of Schedule VII. Relying on the aforesaid provision, it has been contended that in respect of quarrying of sand and 'bajri', standards of emission or discharge of environmental pollutants prescribed under Rules 6 & 7 in schedule appended to the Rules are required to be obtained. It has further been contended that transportation of sand results in air pollution and, therefore, environmental clearance is required to be obtained. While referring to Section 25 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, it has been contended that consent is mandatory before undertaking mining operations in respect of sand and 'bajri'.
16. Shri Sushrut. Dharmadhikari, learned counsel appearing for respondent No.5 in W.P.No.13329, relying on paragraphs 45 and 46 of the judgment of Supreme Court in M.C.Mehta (supra) has submitted that natural resources of air, water and soil cannot be utilized, if the utilization results in irreversible damage to environment. It is argued that in recent past it has been noticed that there is growing tendency of non-compliance of the statutory norms prescribed for protection of environment. The activity of mining sand and 'bajri' is hazardous in nature and results in environmental pollution, hence prior environmental clearance is required under EIA notification dated 14.9.2006. It has further been argued that purposive construction has to be given while implementing the notification dated 14.9.2006.
17. Shri V. Bhide, learned counsel for respondent No.6 14 1 while adopting the submissions made by the learned counsel for respondent No.5 has submitted that for quarrying of sand and 'bajri', the requirement of prior environmental clearance is necessary. Learned counsel has placed reliance on the decisions of Supreme Court in M.C. Mehta vs. Union of India, (2009) 6 SCC 142 in support of his submissions.
18. Shri Viplav Sharma, learned counsel for the petitioner in W.P.No.13118/2009, has submitted that MMDR Act was enacted by the Parliament in 1957 whereas Water Act, Air Act and Environment (Protection) Act were respectively enacted in the years 1974, 1981 and 1986. After the enactment of environment laws, Section 15(1A) was incorporated in the MMDR Act with effect from 10.2.1987 which empowers the State Government to frame rules in respect of minor minerals in respect of the matter specified in sub-section (1A) of Section 15. In exercise of powers conferred under sub-section (1-A) of Section 15 of the MMDR Act, the State Government has framed Madhya Pradesh Minor Mineral Rules, 1996. Rule 49(1) of the 1996 Rules contains a non-obstante clause and provides that provisions of Rules 44 to 48 shall not apply to sand and 'bajri' quarrying. Though the notification dated 14.9.2006 does not apply to sand and 'bajri' quarrying yet even if it assumed that it applies to sand and 'bajri' quarrying then it runs foul to Rule 49(1) of the 1996 Rules. It is submitted that it is trite law that provisions of Rules have to prevail over the notification.
19. It has further been submitted that neither the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 nor the Environmental Protection Laws provide for standards of emission of discharge of environmental pollutants. While referring to various provisions of Air Act and Water Act, it has been 15 1 contended that no standards of emission or discharge of pollutants have been described in respect of quarrying of sand and 'bajri'. On the aforesaid premise, it is submitted that for carrying out quarrying operations of sand and 'bajri', no environmental clearance is required to be obtained.
20. Shri Mohd. Ali, learned counsel for the intervener, while supporting the submissions made on behalf of the petitioners in W.P.No.1574/2008 and W.P.No.13329/2009, has contended that it is necessary to obtain environmental clearance for carrying on quarrying operations of sand and 'bajri' as the same results in environmental pollution. It has further been contended that Rule 49 in so far it exempts quarrying of sand and 'bajri' from the requirement of obtaining environmental clearance runs counter to the provisions of central enactment, rules and notifications issued thereunder and therefore in view of Article 254 of the Constitution of India, the provisions of Central enactment will prevail over the provisions of law enacted by State Legislature.
21. We have considered the arguments made on both sides. Since learned counsel for the petitioner in W.P. No.13329/2009 during the course of arguments has given up the challenge to the validity of Rule 49 of the 1996 Rules, therefore, we need not dwell on the issue pertaining to validity of Rule 49 of the 1996 Rules and now the only issue which survives for consideration in the instant writ petitions is as to whether the Notification dated 14.9.2006 issued by the Central Government under Rule 5(3) of Environmental Protection Rules and the impugned orders/letters dated 12.6.2009, 6.7.2009 and 13.7.2009 which form the subject matter of challenge in Writ Petition No.13118/09 are applicable in respect of quarrying operation of sand and 16 1 'bajri' notwithstanding the fact that Rule 49 of the 1996 Rules exempts the same from the provisions of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Rules made thereunder.
22. In order to appreciate and adjudicate the issue involved in these petitions, it is necessary to first examine relevant provisions of law.
23. It would be necessary to take notice of different enactments made by Parliament namely MMDR Act as well as other laws enacted from time to time pertaining to protection of environment and natural resources. The MMDR Act is an Act to provide for the development and regulation of mines and minerals under the control of the Union. Section 15 of the MMDR Act confers power on State Governments to make rules in respect of minor minerals. Sub-section (1) of Section 15 of the MMDR Act provides that the State Government may by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for regulating the grant of quarry leases, mining leases or other mineral concessions in respect of minor minerals and for purposes connected therewith. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 came into force on 12.11.1986, whereas Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 came into force in the year 1981 and Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1971 had come into force in the year 1971. Thereafter, the Parliament incorporated sub-section (1A) in Section 15 of the MMDR Act by Act No.37 of 1986 and it came into force with effect from 10.2.1987. It is to be noted that sub-section (1A) in Section 15 of MMDR Act was inserted by the Parliament in the year 1987 i.e. subsequent to enactment of Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1971 and 17 1 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Clause (i) of sub- section (1A) of Section 15 of the MMDR Act, inter alia, empowers the State Government to frame Rules in the manner in which rehabilitation of flora and other vegetation, such as trees, shrubs and the like destroyed by reason of any quarrying or mining operations shall be made in the same area or in any other area selected by the State Government by the person holding the quarrying or mining lease. The 1996 Rules are enacted by the State Legislature in exercise of powers under Section 15 of MMDR Act and therefore Rule 49 of the 1996 Rules is a validly enacted provision of law. Chapter VIII of the 1996 Rules deals with protection of environment. Rule 44 of the 1996 Rules enjoins a duty on every holder of quarry lease to take all possible precautions for the protection of environment and control of pollution while conducting quarrying operations in the manner prescribed therein. It reads as under:
"44. Protection of Environment.- (1) Every holder of quarry lease shall take all possible precautions for the protection of environment and control of pollution while conducting quarrying operation in the following manner:-
(a) Wherever top soil exists and is to be excavated for quarrying operation, it shall be removed separately;
(b) The top soil so removed shall be stored for future use;
(c) The dumps shall be properly secured to prevent escape of material therefrom and cause land degradation or damage to agricultural fields, pollution of surface water bodies or cause floods;
(d) The site of dumps shall be selected as far as possible on impervious and barren ground within the leased area;18 1
(e) The top soil dumps shall be suitably terraced and stabilised through vegetation or otherwise.
(2) The top soil so removed shall be utilized for restoration or rehabilitation of the land which is no longer required for quarrying operations.
(3) Removal, Storage and utilization of overburden, etc.
(a) Every holder of a quarry lease shall take steps so that the overburden, waste rock, rejects and fines generated during quarrying or during sizing shall be stored in separate dumps;
(b) The dumps shall be properly secured and shall be suitably terraced and stabilised through vegetation or otherwise;
(c) Wherever possible, the waste rock, over burden etc. shall be backfilled into the quarry excavations with a view to restoring the land to its original use as far as possible;
(d) The fines shall be so deposited and disposed that they are not allowed to flow away and cause land degradation or damage to agricultural fields, pollution of surface water bodies or cause floods."
Rule 45 of the 1996 Rules deals with reclamation and rehabilitation of lands whereas Rule 46 of the 1996 Rules deals with precautions against damage to public places, air pollution and noise pollution. Rule 46 of the 1996 Rules being relevant for the purpose is reproduced herein for the facility of reference:-
"46. Precautions against damage to public places, air pollution and noise pollution, etc.- Every holder of a quarry lease shall,-19 1
(i) take adequate precautions against damage to public buildings or monuments, roads, religious places either within the lease area or in proximity to the lease area;
(ii) air pollution due to fines, dust, etc.; shall be controlled, and kept within permissible limits specified in the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (No.14 of 1981) and the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (No.29 of 1986) and rules made thereunder;
(iii) noise arising out of quarrying operations shall be abated or controlled at the sources so as to keep it within permissible limits".
24. Rule 47 of the 1996 Rules deals with penalty whereas Rule 48 of the 1996 Rules prescribes for filing of returns. Rule 49 of the 1996 Rules deals with relaxation from protection of environment. Rule 49 of the 1996 Rules which is relevant for the purpose of adjudication of the controversy involved in the instant writ petitions is reproduced below:-
"49. Relaxation from protection of Environment. - (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in these rules the provisions of Rules 44, 45, 46, 47 and 48 shall not apply to sand and 'bajri' quarrying.
(2) Relaxations may be granted by the Director, to a quarry lease holder from all or some of the provisions of environmental protection on special considerations."
25. Thus, sub-rule (1) of Rule 49 of the 1996 Rules provides that provisions of Rules 44 to 48 of the 1996 Rules shall not apply to sand and 'bajri' quarry. Thus, by sub-rule (1) of Rule 49 of the 1996 Rules, the provisions of Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and the Rules made 20 2 thereunder have been made inapplicable in respect of sand and 'bajri' quarry.
26. Now we may advert to the provisions of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is an Act to provide for the protection and improvement of environment and for matters connected therewith. Section 7 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 provides that no person carrying on any industry, operation and process shall discharge or emit or permit to be discharged or emitted any environmental pollutants in excess of such standards as may be prescribed. Section 25 empowers the State Government to make rules with regard to the matters which have been enumerated in sub-section (2) of Section 25 of the Act. Section 24 of the Act which is relevant for the purpose of controversy involved in the instant writ petitions is extracted below:-
"24. Effect of other laws.- (1) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2), the provisions of this Act and the rules or orders made therein shall have effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in any enactment other than this Act.
(2) Where any act or omission constitutes an offence punishable under this Act and also under any other Act then the offender found guilty of such offence shall be liable to be punished under the other Act and not under this Act."
27. Thus, from perusal of Section 24 of the Environment (Protection) Act it is clear that subject to provisions of sub- section (2) the provisions of the Act and the rules or orders made therein shall have effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in any enactment other than this Act. The expression "enactment" has not been defined 21 2 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Therefore, we may refer to the provisions of the General Clauses Act, 1897. Section 3(19) defines the expression "enactment" as under:-
"(19) "enactment" shall include a Regulation (as hereinafter defined) and any Regulation of the Bengal, Madras or Bombay Code, and shall also include any provision contained in any Act or in any such Regulation as aforesaid."
Section 3(50) defines the expression "Regulation" as under:-
(50) "Regulation" shall mean a Regulation made by the President under Article 240 of the Constitution, and shall include a Regulation made by the President under Article 243 thereof and; a Regulation made by the Central Government under the Government of India Act, 1870, or the Government of India Act, 1915, or the Government of India Act, 1935."
Thus, if Rule 49 of the 1996 Rules which has been framed by the State Legislature under Section 15 of the MMDR Act is viewed in context to the definition of "enactment" as provided in Section 3(19) of the General Clauses Act and the definition of "Regulation" as defined in Section 3(50) of the General Clauses Act, it is apparent that it does not fall within the meaning of the expression "enactment". For the aforementioned reasons non-obstante clause contained in Section 24(1) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 does not apply to Rule 49 of the 1996 Rules and, therefore, contention raised on behalf of the counsel for the petitioners that notification dated 14.9.2006 issued under Rule 5(3) of Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 will prevail over Rule 49(1) of the 1996 Rules in view 22 2 of Section 24 of the Environment (Protection) Act, cannot be accepted.
28 That apart, the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 namely Act No.29 of 1986 was enacted on 23 rd of May, 1986 after receiving the assent of the President of India which came into force with effect from 19.11.1986 whereas Section 15(1A) of the MMDR Act was enacted vide Act No.37 of 1986 subsequent to the Act No.29 of 1986 and came into force on 10.2.1987. Thus, the Parliament was aware of the earlier legislation and its non-obstante clause yet power was conferred by the later enactment authorizing the State Legislature to make rules in respect of minor minerals. Therefore, it would be assumed that the legislative intent or mandate is that the rule framed by the State under Section 15(1A) of MMDR Act should prevail over all previous enactments on the subject. It is well settled preposition of law that if the legislature does not want the later enactment to prevail then it could and would provide in the later enactment that provisions of the earlier enactment continue to apply. It is also cardinal principle of interpretation of statute that later enactment must prevail over the earlier one even if the non-obstante clause is provided in the earlier enactment. Therefore, Section 15(1A) of the MMDR Act since was brought in the statute book at later point of time cannot be made inoperative because of non-obstante clause of the Act which was enacted earlier in point of time namely Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. We are fortified in our view by the decision of the Supreme Court in KSL and Industries Ltd. v. Arihant Threads Ltd., (2008) 9 SCC 763 wherein the Supreme Court has held that where there are two special statutes which contain non-obstante clauses, later statute mus prevail. Besides that, if the petitioner's aforesaid contention is accepted then it would amount to giving higher 23 2 status or putting the Notification on higher pedestal than the statutory Rules. However, we need not to further deliberate on this issue and suffice it to say on this since the Notification under Rule 5(3) of Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 is not an enactment within the meaning of Section 24(1) of the Environment Protection Act and, therefore, it cannot have overriding effect on Rule 49 of the 1996 Rules.
29. It is also relevant to mention that Rule 49(1) of the 1996 Rules is the special provision relating to sand and 'bajri' only. Section 24 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is a general provision. It is well settled in law that if the special provision is made on a certain matter, that matter is excluded from the general provision. In this connection, we may refer to decisions of the Apex Court reported in Venkateshwar Rao vs. Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, AIR 1966 SC 828, State of Bihar v. Yogendra Singh, AIR 1982 SC 882, Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education vs. Paritosh Bhupesh Kumar Sheth, (1984) 4 SCC 27. For this additional reason also, the notification dated 14.9.2006 shall not apply in respect of quarrying operations of sand and 'bajri'.
30. It is also relevant to mention here that though in Schedules I & II appended to the 1996 Rules several minor minerals like granite, marble, limestone, flag stone, etc. are included yet only sand and 'bajri' have been exempted from environmental clearance. It is also relevant to mention here that Central Government in exercise of powers under Section 18 of the MMDR Act has framed Rules, namely, Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988. Chapter V of the 1988 Rules deals with Environment. Rules 31 to 41 deal with protection of environment. However, aforesaid Rules 24 2 which have been framed by the Central Government have not been made applicable to minor minerals as is clear from Rule 2(iv) of the 1988 Rules. Thus, minor minerals have been kept outside the purview of even 1988 Rules by the Central Government. It appears that the State Legislature has treated the sand and 'bajri' to be a different class of minor mineral. It is a matter of common knowledge that sand and 'bajri' are merely surface deposits and are accumulated on account of natural flow of river water. Though sand and 'bajri' are classified as minor minerals, yet no mining or quarrying operations are required to be carried out. The process of removal of mineral simply involves collection of already deposited sand/ 'bajri' on the baks of river and, therefore, it appears that exemption has been granted by the State Legislature from the requirement of compliance with provisions of Environment Protection Act and the Rules framed thereunder.
31. For the aforesaid reasons, we hold that provisions of notification dated 14.9.2006 issued in exercise of powers under Rule 5(3)(a) of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 do not apply to quarrying operations of sand and 'bajri' in view of Rule 49(1) of M.P. Minor Mineral Rules, 1996. Consequently, no prior environmental clearance is required to be obtained in respect of quarrying of sand and 'bajri'. Needless to state that if any mining or quarrying activity which is covered under notification dated 14.9.2006 is being carried on in contravention of provisions of notification dated 14.9.2006, the State Government shall take effective steps immediately to stop such an activity in accordance with law.
32. Resultantly, Writ Petition No.1574/2008 and W.P.No.13329/2009 are dismissed whereas Writ Petition No.13118/2009 is allowed. Consequently, letter/orders 25 2 contained in Annexures-P-1 to P-4 dated 12.6.2009, 06.7.2009, 13.7.2009 and 30.9.2009 respectively are quashed.
(S.R.Alam) (Alok Aradhe) Chief Justice Judge RM/YS


Sharks host the Islanders following overtime victory
by Associated PressNew York Islanders (16-3-1, second in the Metropolitan Division) vs. San Jose Sharks (11-11-1, sixth in the Pacific Division)
San Jose, California; Saturday, 10 p.m. EST
BOTTOM LINE: The New York Islanders visit San Jose after the Sharks beat Vegas 2-1 in overtime.
The Sharks have gone 7-5-0 in home games. San Jose averages 11.6 penalty minutes per game, the second-most in the NHL. Barclay Goodrow leads the team serving 40 total minutes.
The Islanders are 6-1-0 on the road. New York is second in the NHL shooting 11.3% and averaging 3.2 goals on 28.7 shots per game.
The matchup Saturday is the first meeting this season between the two teams.
TOP PERFORMERS: Logan Couture leads the Sharks with 19 assists and has recorded 23 points this season. Tomas Hertl has totaled seven goals and three assists over the last 10 games for San Jose.
Mathew Barzal has collected 20 total points while scoring nine goals and totaling 11 assists for the Islanders. Anthony Beauvillier has six goals and four assists over the last 10 games for New York.
LAST 10 GAMES: Islanders: 9-0-1, averaging 3.7 goals, 6.1 assists, 3.6 penalties and 8.6 penalty minutes while allowing 2.5 goals per game with a .920 save percentage.
Sharks: 7-3-0, averaging 3.3 goals, six assists, 3.7 penalties and 8.3 penalty minutes while giving up 3.1 goals per game with a .885 save percentage.
Sharks Injuries: Melker Karlsson: day to day (upper body), Tomas Hertl: day to day (ankle).
Islanders Injuries: Leo Komarov: out (illness).
___
The Associated Press created this story using technology provided by Data Skrive and data from Sportradar.


Windows host setup
You need different tools depending on which target platforms you want to deploy your application to:
- Deploy to Android: follow Installation for Crosswalk Android
- Deploy to Tizen: follow Installation for Crosswalk Tizen
These instructions have been tested on Windows 7 Enterprise, 64 bit.
Installation for Crosswalk Android
These steps will enable you to develop Crosswalk applications to run on Android:
- Install Python
- Install the Oracle Java Development Kit (JDK)
- Install Ant
- Configure the tools
- Install the Android SDK
- Download the Crosswalk Android app template
- Verify your environment
Install Python
Get Python from http://www.python.org/downloads/, choosing an "MSI installer" for your architecture (32 or 64 bit).
When the installer starts, choose Install for all users and set C:\python as the installation location. You will need to manually add the Python directory to your path for it to be available in the bash shell (see Configure the tools).
Install the Oracle JDK
The Oracle JDK has to be downloaded manually (you must accept a licence agreement):
Go to the Oracle Java JDK download page in a browser:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/
Choose the Java version to download (Java 7 is known to work).
Choose a JDK download and accept the licence agreement.
Once downloaded, run the Java
.exe
installer, and setC:\jdk
as the installation directory.
Install Ant
Download Ant from: http://www.apache.org/dist/ant/binaries/
Version 1.9.3 is known to work.
Unzip it (using WinZip or similar) to your
C:
drive.Rename the unzipped directory to
ant
.
Your Ant installation should now be in C:\ant
.
Configure the tools
The next step is to set up your environment so that binaries and scripts which were installed manually (ant, JDK, Python) are on your Path
.
To set the Path
variable, search for the "Edit environment variables for your account" option from the Windows start menu. Alternatively, click on the System icon in the Control Panel; then go to Advanced system settings and click the Environment Variables button. You should see this dialog box:
Edit the Path
environment variable as follows:
Select the Path environment variable (in the top select box, User variables...).
Click Edit.
Append this to the end of the Variable value field:
;c:\python;c:\ant\bin;c:\jdk\bin
Click OK.
To ensure that Ant is using the correct version of Java (the one you just installed), set the JAVA_HOME
environment variable to the location of the JDK:
Click the New button just under the top select box (User variables...).
Set Variable name to JAVA_HOME.
Set Variable value to c:\jdk\bin.
Click OK.
Install the Android SDK
Download the Android SDK from http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html.
Extract the files from the archive.
Add the Android SDK directories to your
PATH
:> setx path "%path%;<path to Android SDK>" > setx path "%path%;<path to Android SDK>\sdk\tools" > setx path "%path%;<path to Android SDK>\sdk\platform-tools"
The
tools
andplatform-tools
directories may be in slightly different locations, depending on how you installed the SDK. Amend the above paths appropriately.Run the SDK Manager:
> "SDK Manager.exe"
In the SDK Manager window, select the following items from the list:
[ ] Tools [x] Android SDK Platform-tools 19.0.1 [x] Android SDK Build tools 18.0.1 [ ] Android 4.3 (API 18) [x] SDK Platform
Note that if you are using devices with versions of Android later than 4.3, you should install the platform tools, build tools and SDK platform for those versions too.
Download the Crosswalk Android app template
The Crosswalk Android distribution contains an application template which can be used as a wrapper for an HTML5 application. It also includes a script which will convert a wrapped HTML5 application into an installable Android apk
file.
To get Crosswalk Android:
Download the version you want from the Downloads page. We suggest that you use the stable Android version (${XWALK-STABLE-ANDROID-X86}).
Unzip it. You should now have a
crosswalk-${XWALK-STABLE-ANDROID-X86}
directory.
Verify your environment
Check that you have installed the tools properly by running these commands:
> java -version
java version "1.7.0_45"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_45-b18)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.45-b08, mixed mode)
> ant -version
Apache Ant(TM) version 1.9.3 compiled on December 23 2013
> python --version
Python 2.7.6
> adb help
Android Debug Bridge version 1.0.31
Installation for Crosswalk Tizen
In this tutorial, you're going to use an emulated Tizen IVI image, running under VMware. To be able to create this image and access it, you need to install a few packages on the host machine:
Utilities, available as part of the git SCM tools for Windows.
bash
: this is required to run the script for generating Tizen packages.ssh
: this command is used to push files to, and log in to, the virtual machine.openssl
: the command used to create a key for signing your Tizen packages.bunzip2
: the command to unpack the Tizen IVI disk image.
Download a git SCM tools
.exe
for your architecture and install it.Once installed, you should have a Git Bash entry in the Windows menu, which will bring up a
bash
shell.QEMU: you need the
qemu-img
tool to convert a Tizen IVI disk image into a format suitable for use with VMware.A version of QEMU for Windows is available from http://qemu.weilnetz.de/. Use this at your own risk.
VMware Player or VMware Workstation, to create and run the virtual machine. The free version of Player can be downloaded from the VMware website. However, if you are using Player for commercial purposes, you will need a licence.
If you need help with installing VMware products, see this page on the VMware website.
Now the host is setup, you can prepare your targets.


Spec Page Documentation
You can add info blocks to spec pages by adding .source_info
to a div:
Specs are generated directly from the /public folder in Source's file structure. To create a new spec page like this one, make a copy of the starting template folder in /public/docs.
Warning blocks can be added using .source_warn
:
It is highly recommended that you read the HTML source of this document.
.source_a_hl
as a class on the link
Links can be highlighted as link to other specification by adding .source_a_s
as a class on the link
Highlighting
can be achieved by either wrapping text in  tags, or by using the .source_hl
class.
Spec Section Heading
Notes specific to particular interface elements can be documented here. Heading numbering is generated dynamically, and is supported up to 3 levels deep.
To render examples of interface elements, place them in a div with a class of .source_example
:
Examples
Rendered code examples - main documentation blocks.
Engine decorative styles do not affect this block. Link your project files and start prototyping.
This page has Twitter Bootstrap styles linked through project.css
Hey!Show source code
Place for HTML code examples.
If  is not set, it will be created
and filled automatically from "source_example".
Click "Show source" in the inner navigation menu on the right to reveal the source for all examples.
To render and highlight the source code, wrap it in
,
or
tags, depending on the language you want to highlight, like this:

Bar

Linking Your Project's CSS
Your project's CSS should be linked to each spec page to render your examples, and you can also add styles specific to a spec page:
<link href="/data/docs/project.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="css/spec.css" rel="stylesheet">
Spec Page Markup
Documentation Text
Only the following tags in documentation sections are styled by Source:
p
h1
h2
h3
h4
ul
li
This styling is not applied inside example blocks.
Markdown support for editing documentation sections will be available within the next few updates.
HTML Head
After starting your Node.js server, common markup, such as the header, footer, and inner navigation, are dynamically included by the server.
Metas
Machine readable information - used by plugins such as Global Navigation and Search - can be added via the following meta tags:
<meta name="keywords" content="create spec, spec markup">
<meta name="author" content="Robert Haritonov">
Meta information can also be used to separate page roles:
<meta name="source-page-role" content="navigation">
The example above will indicate to Source that the page's role is for navigation, and not for use as a spec. Inner navigation, which generates a table of contents on spec pages, will not be output on pages with this meta tag. You will find this meta tag used on the Source.js home page.


Travel Arrangements
How to get here? Easy. We have plenty of options
Choose from one of the following to get to paradise
jetski
rocket
tiger
teleporttion


Last Updated 2022-05-15
HARD MAY 2022
Problem 01
Solution
The solution can be found
here
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Problem 02
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here
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Problem 03
Solution
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here
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Problem 04
Solution
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here
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Solution
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here
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Solution
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here
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Solution
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05/21 - 05/27
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Solution
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Problem C
Solution
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