Toggle navigation
ECR Yearbook
Home
Services
Contact
Meet the team
We'd love to meet you too!
Putting the face to the name!
Our Team
Samantha Lasarow
Yearbook Advisor
Leah Shaikin
Editor in Chief
Maya Weiss
Business/Marketing Manager & Copy Editor
Josh Nelson
Photo Editor & Co-Aurasma Team Leader
Samantha Aguilar-Mendoza
Sports Editor
Mina Swintek
People Editor
Kaitlyn Lopez
Student Life
Maliyah Flemmings
Placeholder
Emely Avalos
Placeholder
Brian Lamborn-Hertzberg
Aurasma Team Leader
Michele Poe
Staff
Karina Arias
Staff
Lais De Mello Barbero
Staff
Audrey Alvarez
Staff
Stephen Avila
Staff


This is the professional website of Tyler J. Roberts. It currently serves as a landing page for my online profiles.
Resume
LinkedIn
GitHub


| Class | FaradayMiddleware::FollowRedirects |
| In: |
lib/faraday_middleware/response/follow_redirects.rb
|
| Parent: | Faraday::Middleware |
Public: Follow HTTP 301, 302, 303, and 307 redirects for GET, PATCH, POST, PUT, and DELETE requests.
This middleware does not follow the HTTP specification for HTTP 302, by default, in that it follows the improper implementation used by most major web browsers which forces the redirected request to become a GET request regardless of the original request method.
For HTTP 301, 302, and 303, the original request is transformed into a GET request to the response Location, by default. However, with standards compliance enabled, a 302 will instead act in accordance with the HTTP specification, which will replay the original request to the received Location, just as with a 307.
For HTTP 307, the original request is replayed to the response Location, including original HTTP request method (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH), original headers, and original body.
This middleware currently only works with synchronous requests; in other words, it doesn‘t support parallelism.
| ALLOWED_METHODS | = | Set.new [:head, :options, :get, :post, :put, :patch, :delete] | HTTP methods for which 30x redirects can be followed | |
| REDIRECT_CODES | = | Set.new [301, 302, 303, 307] | HTTP redirect status codes that this middleware implements | |
| ENV_TO_CLEAR | = | Set.new [:status, :response, :response_headers] | Keys in env hash which will get cleared between requests | |
| FOLLOW_LIMIT | = | 3 | Default value for max redirects followed |
Public: Initialize the middleware.
options - An options Hash (default: {}):
limit - A Numeric redirect limit (default: 3) standards_compliant - A Boolean indicating whether to respect the HTTP spec when following 302 (default: false) cookie - Use either an array of strings (e.g. ['cookie1', 'cookie2']) to choose kept cookies or :all to keep all cookies.


Welcome to PySINDy’s documentation!¶
Python Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics
Description¶
PySINDy is a Python package that implements the SINDy-family algorithms. SINDy is short for “Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics”, which is a class of data-driven algorithms for system identification. This class of algorithms are mainly developed by Steve Brunton and Nathan Kutz at the University of Washington. Since then many variants arose, such as SINDy for PDEs, implicit SINDy, parametric SINDy, Hybrid SINDy, SINDy with control, etc. In PySINDy, we will (or we will try our best to) implement the majority of the variants with friendly user interfaces and we will provide examples to illustrate the usage.
Installation¶
PyDMD requires requires numpy, scipy, matplotlib, findiff, pytest(for unittest), sphinx (for the documentation). The code is compatible with Python 3.5 and Python 3.6. It can be installed using pip or directly from the source code.
Installing via PIP¶
Mac and Linux users can install pre-built binary packages using pip. To install the package just type:
pip install pysindy
Installing from source¶
The official distribution is on GitHub, and you can clone the repository using
git clone https://github.com/luckystarufo/pySINDy
To install the package just type:
python setup.py install
Developer’s Guide¶
Tutorials¶
We made some tutorial examples. Please refer to the official GitHub repository for the last updates in the examples folder. Here the list of the exported tutorials:
- Tutorial 1: coming soon ...
- Tutorial 2: coming soon ...
- Tutorial 3: coming soon ...
References¶
To implement the various versions of the SINDy algorithms we follow these works:
- Brunton, S. L., Proctor, J. L. & Kutz, J. N. Discovering governing equations from data by sparse identification of nonlinear dynamical systems. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 113, 3932–3937 (2016).
- Rudy, S. H., Brunton, S. L., Proctor, J. L. & Kutz, J. N. Data-driven discovery of partial differential equations. Sci. Adv. 3, e1602614 (2017).
- N.M. Mangan, S. L. Brunton, J. L. Proctor, J. N. Kutz, Inferring biological networks by sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics. IEEE Trans. Mol. Biol. Multi-Scale Commun. 2, 52–63 (2016).


+ New
ITCS 1110-May 31
2 polls
What word do you think of when you hear "life" ?
0 response
Test 2
3 polls
Question 2


_Done_
[[#{project.associated.filter}]]
10
25
50
100
Select Page Size
_ID_
_Name_
_State_
_Created_
_Associated_
_Filter by Name_


docs.ansible.com/ansible/devel/community
https://ansible.github.io/community/decks/ - press "s" for speaker notes
- name: John Barker
aliases: gundalow
title: Associate Manager
org: Ansible Community Team, Red Hat
start_date: 2016
roles:
- community
- manager
libera_chat: gundalow
github: gundalow
twitter: the_gundalow
email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The humans who get involved, even once, make us stronger
We will cover:
Community is the force multiplier.
You are the community.
| aws | awx | azure |
| crypto | digitalocean | general |
| grafana | kubernetes | libvirt |
| mongodb | mysql | netcommon |
| network | posix | proxysql |
| rabbitmq | skydive | vmware |
| windows | zabbix |
ansible 2.10
:| amazon.aws | ansible.netcommon | ansible.posix |
| ansible.windows | arista.eos | awx.awx |
| azure.azcollection | check_point.mgmt | chocolatey.chocolatey |
| cisco.* | cloudscale_ch.cloud | cyberark.* |
| dellemc.os* | f5networks.f5_modules | fortinet.* |
| frr.frr | gluster.gluster | google.cloud |
| hetzner.hcloud | ibm.qradar | infinidat.infinibox |
| junipernetworks.junos | mellanox.onyx | netapp.* |
| netbox.netbox | ngine_io.* | openstack.cloud |
| openvswitch.openvswitch | ovirt.ovirt | purestorage.* |
| servicenow.servicenow | splunk.es | theforeman.foreman |
| vyos.vyos | wti.remote |
Pause for questions
Pause for questions
Whatever your skill set, you can help with at least one of these:
Are you willing to help advance the thing that is obviously stuck and needs people united in order to get unstuck? Working groups:


Deploy a new stack or update an existing stack
Aliases:
deploy, up
from stdin
and supported platforms
("always"|"changed"|"never") (default "always")
Swarm agents


| fill {tidyr} | R Documentation |
Fills missing values in selected columns using the previous entry. This is useful in the common output format where values are not repeated, they're recorded each time they change.
fill(data, ..., .direction = c("down", "up"))
data |
A data frame. |
... |
A selection of columns. If empty, nothing happens. You can
supply bare variable names, select all variables between |
.direction |
Direction in which to fill missing values. Currently either "down" (the default) or "up". |
Missing values are replaced in atomic vectors; NULL
s are replaced
in list.
df <- data.frame(Month = 1:12, Year = c(2000, rep(NA, 11))) df %>% fill(Year)


Wisconsin's Johnson is Trump witness, backer and maybe juror
MADISON, Wis. - Sen. Ron Johnson is taking on the unusual and high-profile role of being one of President Donald Trump's most vocal supporters at the same time the Wisconsin Republican has emerged as a witness to key meetings and conversations at the heart of the ongoing impeachment inquiry.
Johnson could also serve as a juror who will decide the president's fate.
Despite his personal involvement and concerns he raised about Trump's actions, the former plastics manufacturer has said he won't recuse himself if there's a Senate trial should the House impeach Trump.
Johnson has questioned the integrity of witnesses and suggested impeachment is part of an effort to sabotage Trump.
University of Missouri law school professor Frank Bowman questions Johnson's behavior but says he knows of no requirement that he recuse himself.


@NotNull fun getActivity(): java.lang.String
activity - corresponding activity causing Not Achieving Good
activity


|
The Zodiac Killer terrorised the citizens of San Francisco with a series of murders in the early 1970's. The killer would write taunting letters to San Francisco Chronicle columnist Herb Cain with proof of his deeds. He remains at large, most likely dead, in prison somewhere or retired. Few serial killers manage to make such a splash and remain anonymous. |


Processor: A12 Bionic Chip
RAM: 4 GB
Storage: 256 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP+12MP
Secondary Camera: 7MP
Battery Capacity: 3174 mAh
Display Size: 6.5 inch
Screen Resolution: 2688 x 1242 Pixel
Operating System: iOS 12
Warranty Summary: 1 Year Limited Warranty for Products and Accessories
Processor: A12 Bionic Chip
RAM: 4 GB
Storage: 256 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP+12MP
Secondary Camera: 7MP
Battery Capacity: 2658 mAh
Display Size: 5.8 inch
Screen Resolution: 2436 x 1125 Pixel
Operating System: iOS 12
Warranty Summary: 1 Year Limited Warranty for Products and Accessories
Processor: A11 Bionic Chip
RAM: 3 GB
Storage: 256 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP+12MP
Secondary Camera: 7MP
Battery Capacity: 2716 mAh
Display Size: 5.8 inch
Screen Resolution: 2436 x 1125 Pixel
Operating System: iOS 11
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year
Processor: A12 Bionic Chip
RAM: 3 GB
Storage: 128 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP
Secondary Camera: 7MP
Battery Capacity: 2942 mAh
Display Size: 6.1 inch
Screen Resolution: 1792 x 828 Pixel
Operating System: iOS 12
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year
Processor: A11 Bionic Chip
RAM: 3 GB
Storage: 64 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP+12MP
Secondary Camera: 7MP
Battery Capacity: 2691 mAh
Display Size: 5.5 inch
Screen Resolution: 1920 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: iOS 11
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year
Processor: Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 64-bit
RAM: 4 GB
Storage: 64 GB
Primary Camera: 12.2MP
Secondary Camera: 8MP + 8MP
Battery Capacity: 2915 mAh
Display Size: 5.5 inch
Screen Resolution: FHD+ 2160 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: Android Pie 9
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile
Processor: Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 64-bit
RAM: 4 GB
Storage: 128 GB
Primary Camera: 12.2MP
Secondary Camera: 8MP + 8MP
Battery Capacity: 3430 mAh
Display Size: 6.3 inch
Screen Resolution: QHD+ 2960 x 1440 Pixel
Operating System: Android Pie 9
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile
Processor: Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 64-bit
RAM: 4 GB
Storage: 64 GB
Primary Camera: 12.2MP
Secondary Camera: 8MP
Battery Capacity: 3520 mAh
Display Size: 6.0 inch
Screen Resolution: QHD+ 2880 x 1440 Pixel
Operating System: Android Oreo 8.0.1
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 2 Years
Processor: Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 64-bit
RAM: 4 GB
Storage: 64 GB
Primary Camera: 12.2MP
Secondary Camera: 8MP
Battery Capacity: 2700 mAh
Display Size: 5.0 inch
Screen Resolution: 1920 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: Android Oreo 8.0.1
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 2 Years
Processor: Exynos 7904
RAM: 4 GB
Storage: 64 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP + 5MP
Secondary Camera: 8MP
Battery Capacity: 5000 mAh
Display Size: 6.3 inch
Screen Resolution: FHD+ 2340 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: Android Oreo 8.1
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Exynos 9610
RAM: 4 GB
Storage: 64 GB
Primary Camera: 25MP + 5MP + 8MP
Secondary Camera: 25MP
Battery Capacity: 4000 mAh
Display Size: 6.4 inch
Screen Resolution: FHD+ 2340 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: Android Pie 9.0
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Exynos 9 9820
RAM: 8 GB
Storage: 128 GB
Primary Camera: 16MP + 12MP + 12MP
Secondary Camera: 10MP + 8MP
Battery Capacity: 4100 mAh
Display Size: 6.4 inch
Screen Resolution: QHD+ 3040 x 1440 Pixel
Operating System: Android Pie 9.0
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Exynos 9 9820
RAM: 12 GB
Storage: 1 TB
Primary Camera: 16MP + 12MP + 12MP
Secondary Camera: 10MP + 8MP
Battery Capacity: 4100 mAh
Display Size: 6.4 inch
Screen Resolution: QHD+ 3040 x 1440 Pixel
Operating System: Android Pie 9.0
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Exynos 9 9810
RAM: 8 GB
Storage: 512 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP + 12MP
Secondary Camera: 8MP
Battery Capacity: 4000 mAh
Display Size: 6.4 inch
Screen Resolution: QHD+ 2960 x 1440 Pixel
Operating System: Android Oreo 8.0
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Snapdragon 636
RAM: 4 GB
Storage: 64 GB
Primary Camera: 16MP + 5MP
Secondary Camera: 16MP
Battery Capacity: 3060 mAh
Display Size: 5.8 inch
Screen Resolution: FHD+ 2280 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: Android Oreo 8.1
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Snapdragon 636
RAM: 4 GB
Storage: 64 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP + 5MP
Secondary Camera: 8MP
Battery Capacity: 3060 mAh
Display Size: 5.84 inch
Screen Resolution: FHD+ 2280 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: Android Pie 9.0
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Snapdragon 660
RAM: 4 GB
Storage: 64 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP + 13MP
Secondary Camera: 16MP
Battery Capacity: 3800 mAh
Display Size: 6.0 inch
Screen Resolution: 2160 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: Android Oreo 8.0
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Snapdragon 835
RAM: 6 GB
Storage: 128 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP + 13MP
Secondary Camera: 5MP
Battery Capacity: 3260 mAh
Display Size: 5.5 inch
Screen Resolution: QHD 2560 x 1440 Pixel
Operating System: Android Oreo 8.0
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Snapdragon 710
RAM: 4 GB
Storage: 64 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP + 13MP
Secondary Camera: 20MP
Battery Capacity: 3500 mAh
Display Size: 6.18 inch
Screen Resolution: FHD+ 2280 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: Android Pie 9.0
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Snapdragon 845
RAM: 8 GB
Storage: 128 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP + 8MP
Secondary Camera: 8MP
Battery Capacity: 4000 mAh
Display Size: 6.0 inch
Screen Resolution: FHD+ 2160 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: Android Oreo 8.1
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Snapdragon 636
RAM: 6 GB
Storage: 64 GB
Primary Camera: 16MP + 5MP
Secondary Camera: 16MP
Battery Capacity: 5000 mAh
Display Size: 5.99 inch
Screen Resolution: FHD+ 2160 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: Android Oreo 8.1
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Snapdragon 845
RAM: 8 GB
Storage: 256 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP + 8MP
Secondary Camera: 8MP
Battery Capacity: 3300 mAh
Display Size: 6.2 inch
Screen Resolution: FHD+ 2246 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: Android Oreo 8
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Snapdragon 660 AIE
RAM: 4 GB
Storage: 64 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP + 5MP
Secondary Camera: 13MP
Battery Capacity: 5000 mAh
Display Size: 6.26 inch
Screen Resolution: FHD+ 2280 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: Android Oreo 8.1
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Snapdragon 430
RAM: 3 GB
Storage: 32 GB
Primary Camera: 13MP
Secondary Camera: 8MP
Battery Capacity: 4000 mAh
Display Size: 5.7 inch
Screen Resolution: HD+ 1440 x 720 Pixel
Operating System: Android Oreo 8
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Snapdragon 630
RAM: 6 GB
Storage: 64 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP + 5MP
Secondary Camera: 16MP
Battery Capacity: 3200 mAh
Display Size: 5.9 inch
Screen Resolution: FHD+ 2160 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: Android Oreo 8
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Snapdragon 632
RAM: 4 GB
Storage: 64 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP
Secondary Camera: 8MP
Battery Capacity: 5000 mAh
Display Size: 6.2 inch
Screen Resolution: HD+ 1570 x 720 Pixel
Operating System: Android Pie 9
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Snapdragon 835
RAM: 6 GB
Storage: 64 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP + 12MP
Secondary Camera: 5MP
Battery Capacity: 2730 mAh
Display Size: 5.5 inch
Screen Resolution: QHD+ 2560 x 1440 Pixel
Operating System: Android Oreo 8
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Snapdragon 636
RAM: 4 GB
Storage: 64 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP + 5MP
Secondary Camera: 20MP + 2MP
Battery Capacity: 4000 mAh
Display Size: 6.26 inch
Screen Resolution: FHD+ 2280 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: Android Oreo 8.1
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Snapdragon 660 AIE
RAM: 4 GB
Storage: 64 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP + 2MP
Secondary Camera: 13MP
Battery Capacity: 4000 mAh
Display Size: 6.3 inch
Screen Resolution: FHD+ 2340 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: Android Pie 9.0
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Snapdragon 675
RAM: 4 GB
Storage: 64 GB
Primary Camera: 48MP + 5MP
Secondary Camera: 13MP
Battery Capacity: 4000 mAh
Display Size: 6.3 inch
Screen Resolution: FHD+ 2340 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: Android Pie 9.0
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Snapdragon 660
RAM: 6 GB
Storage: 128 GB
Primary Camera: 20MP + 12MP
Secondary Camera: 20MP
Battery Capacity: 3010 mAh
Display Size: 5.99 inch
Screen Resolution: FHD+ 2160 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: Android Oreo 8.1
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories
Processor: Snapdragon 835
RAM: 6 GB
Storage: 128 GB
Primary Camera: 12MP
Secondary Camera: 5MP
Battery Capacity: 3400 mAh
Display Size: 5.99 inch
Screen Resolution: FHD+ 2160 x 1080 Pixel
Operating System: Android Nougat 7.1.1
Warranty Summary: Brand Warranty of 1 Year Available for Mobile and 6 Months for Accessories


{% extends "bitcaster/_emails/confirm_base.html" %} {% load i18n %} {% block headline %}You have beed invited to {{ invitation.organization }}!


Cake\Form\
Form
¶Most of the time you will have forms backed by ORM entities and ORM tables or other peristent stores, but there are times when you’ll need to validate user input and then perform an action if the data is valid. The most common example of this is a contact form.
Generally when using the Form class you’ll want to use a subclass to define your
form. This makes testing easier, and lets you re-use your form. Forms are put
into src/Form and usually have Form
as a class suffix. For example,
a simple contact form would look like:
// in src/Form/ContactForm.php
namespace App\Form;
use Cake\Form\Form;
use Cake\Form\Schema;
use Cake\Validation\Validator;
class ContactForm extends Form
{
protected function _buildSchema(Schema $schema)
{
return $schema->addField('name', 'string')
->addField('email', ['type' => 'string'])
->addField('body', ['type' => 'text']);
}
protected function _buildValidator(Validator $validator)
{
return $validator->add('name', 'length', [
'rule' => ['minLength', 10],
'message' => 'A name is required'
])->add('email', 'format', [
'rule' => 'email',
'message' => 'A valid email address is required',
]);
}
protected function _execute(array $data)
{
// Send an email.
return true;
}
}
In the above example we see the 3 hook methods that forms provide:
_buildSchema
is used to define the schema data that is used by FormHelper
to create an HTML form. You can define field type, length, and precision._buildValidator
Gets a Cake\Validation\Validator
instance
that you can attach validators to._execute
lets you define the behavior you want to happen when
execute()
is called and the data is valid.You can always define additional public methods as you need as well.
Once you’ve defined your form, you can use it in your controller to process and validate request data:
// In a controller
namespace App\Controller;
use App\Controller\AppController;
use App\Form\ContactForm;
class ContactController extends AppController
{
public function index()
{
$contact = new ContactForm();
if ($this->request->is('post')) {
if ($contact->execute($this->request->getData())) {
$this->Flash->success('We will get back to you soon.');
} else {
$this->Flash->error('There was a problem submitting your form.');
}
}
$this->set('contact', $contact);
}
}
In the above example, we use the execute()
method to run our form’s
_execute()
method only when the data is valid, and set flash messages
accordingly. We could have also used the validate()
method to only validate
the request data:
$isValid = $form->validate($this->request->getData());
In order to set the values for the fields of a modelless form, one can define
the values using $this->request->data()
, like in all other forms created by
the FormHelper:
// In a controller
namespace App\Controller;
use App\Controller\AppController;
use App\Form\ContactForm;
class ContactController extends AppController
{
public function index()
{
$contact = new ContactForm();
if ($this->request->is('post')) {
if ($contact->execute($this->request->getData())) {
$this->Flash->success('We will get back to you soon.');
} else {
$this->Flash->error('There was a problem submitting your form.');
}
}
if ($this->request->is('get')) {
// Values from the User Model e.g.
$this->request->data('name', 'John Doe');
$this->request->data('email','john.doe@example.com');
}
$this->set('contact', $contact);
}
}
Values should only be defined if the request method is GET, otherwise you will overwrite your previous POST Data which might have been incorrect and not been saved.
Once a form has been validated you can retrieve the errors from it:
$errors = $form->errors();
/* $errors contains
[
'email' => ['A valid email address is required']
]
*/
It is possible to invalidate individual fields from the controller without the use of the Validator class. The most common use case for this is when the validation is done on a remote server. In such case, you must manually invalidate the fields accordingly to the feedback from the remote server:
// in src/Form/ContactForm.php
public function setErrors($errors)
{
$this->_errors = $errors;
}
According to how the validator class would have returned the errors, $errors
must be in this format:
["fieldName" => ["validatorName" => "The error message to display"]]
Now you will be able to invalidate form fields by setting the fieldName, then set the error messages:
// In a controller
$contact = new ContactForm();
$contact->setErrors(["email" => ["_required" => "Your email is required"]]);
Proceed to Creating HTML with FormHelper to see the results.
Once you’ve created a Form class, you’ll likely want to create an HTML form for it. FormHelper understands Form objects just like ORM entities:
echo $this->Form->create($contact);
echo $this->Form->control('name');
echo $this->Form->control('email');
echo $this->Form->control('body');
echo $this->Form->button('Submit');
echo $this->Form->end();
The above would create an HTML form for the ContactForm
we defined earlier.
HTML forms created with FormHelper will use the defined schema and validator to
determine field types, maxlengths, and validation errors.


|
AWS IoT Device SDK C++ v2 1.14.0
AWS IoT Device SDK C++ v2
|
#include <EventStreamClient.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| virtual void | OnStreamClosed () |
Protected Member Functions | |
| virtual void | OnStreamEvent (Crt::ScopedResource< AbstractShapeBase > response) |
| virtual bool | OnStreamError (Crt::ScopedResource< OperationError > operationError, RpcError rpcError) |
Friends | |
| class | ClientOperation |
Base class for all operation stream handlers. For operations with a streaming response (0+ messages that may arrive after the initial response).
|
virtual |
Invoked when stream is closed, so no more messages will be received.
|
protectedvirtual |
Invoked when a message is received on this continuation but results in an error.
This callback can return true so that the stream is closed afterwards.
|
protectedvirtual |
Invoked when a message is received on this continuation.
|
friend |


This API provides definitions for reading ADC inputs.
le_adc_ReadValue() returns the value read from an ADC channel. It takes two arguments:
The ADC channels are multiplexed to a single Analog to Digital Converter. A call to le_adc_ReadValue() will cause the associated channel to be connected to the input of the ADC, trigger a conversion and return the value read.
At this time it is not possible to change the scaling factor, sample time or reference voltage. Channels EXT_ADC1 and EXT_ADC2 are externally available for general use and by default use 1.8V reference and return results in mV.
Copyright (C) Sierra Wireless Inc. Use of this work is subject to license.


Next, we’ll build diamondback which adds support for
- User-Defined Functions
In the process of doing so, we will learn about
- Static Checking
- Calling Conventions
- Tail Recursion
Plan
- Defining Functions
- Checking Functions
- Compiling Functions
- Compiling Tail Calls
1. Defining Functions
First, lets add functions to our language.
As always, lets look at some examples.
Example: Increment
For example, a function that increments its input:
def incr(x):
+ 1
x
10) incr(
We have a function definition followed by a single “main” expression, which is evaluated to yield the program’s result 11
.
Example: Factorial
Here’s a somewhat more interesting example:
def fac(n):
= print(n) in
let t if (n < 1):
1
else:
* fac(n - 1)
n
5) fac(
This program should produce the result
5
4
3
2
1
0
120
Suppose we modify the above to produce intermediate results:
def fac(n):
= print(n)
let t = if (n < 1):
, res 1
else:
* fac(n - 1)
n in
print(res)
5) fac(
we should now get:
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
1
2
6
24
120
120
Example: Mutually Recursive Functions
For this language, the function definitions are global
any function can call any other function.
This lets us write mutually recursive functions like:
def even(n):
if (n == 0):
trueelse:
- 1)
odd(n
def odd(n):
if (n == 0):
falseelse:
- 1)
even(n
= print(even(0)),
let t0 = print(even(1)),
t1 = print(even(2)),
t2 = print(even(3))
t3 in
0
QUIZ What should be the result of executing the above?
false true false true 0
true false true false 0
false false false false 0
true true true true 0
Types
Lets add some new types to represent programs.
Bindings
Lets create a special type that represents places where variables are bound,
data Bind a = Bind Id a
A Bind
is an Id
decorated with an a
to save extra metadata like tags or source positions
to make it easy to report errors.
We will use Bind
at two places:
- Let-bindings,
- Function parameters.
It will be helpful to have a function to extract the Id
corresponding to a Bind
bindId :: Bind a -> Id
Bind x _) = x bindId (
Programs
A program is a list of declarations and main expression.
data Program a = Prog
pDecls :: [Decl a] -- ^ function declarations
{ pBody :: !(Expr a) -- ^ "main" expression
, }
Declarations
Each function lives is its own declaration,
data Decl a = Decl
fName :: (Bind a) -- ^ name
{ fArgs :: [Bind a] -- ^ parameters
, fBody :: (Expr a) -- ^ body expression
, fLabel :: a -- ^ metadata/tag
, }
Expressions
Finally, lets add function application (calls) to the source expressions:
data Expr a
= ...
| Let (Bind a) (Expr a) (Expr a) a
| App Id [Expr a] a
An application or call comprises
- an
Id
, the name of the function being called, - a list of expressions corresponding to the parameters, and
- a metadata/tag value of type
a
.
(Note: that we are now using Bind
instead of plain Id
at a Let
.)
Examples Revisited
Lets see how the examples above are represented:
>>> parseFile "tests/input/incr.diamond"
Prog {pDecls = [Decl { fName = Bind "incr" ()
, fArgs = [Bind "n" ()]
, fBody = Prim2 Plus (Id "n" ()) (Number 1 ()) ()
, fLabel = ()}
]
, pBody = App "incr" [Number 5 ()] ()
}
>>> parseFile "tests/input/fac.diamond"
Prog { pDecls = [ Decl {fName = Bind "fac" ()
, fArgs = [Bind "n" ()]
, fBody = Let (Bind "t" ()) (Prim1 Print (Id "n" ()) ())
(If (Prim2 Less (Id "n" ()) (Number 1 ()) ())
(Number 1 ())
(Prim2 Times (Id "n" ())
(App "fac" [Prim2 Minus (Id "n" ()) (Number 1 ()) ()] ())
()) ()) ()
, fLabel = ()}
]
, pBody = App "fac" [Number 5 ()] ()
}
2. Static Checking
Next, we will look at an increasingly important aspect of compilation, pointing out bugs in the code at compile time
Called Static Checking because we do this without (i.e. before) compiling and running the code.
There is a huge spectrum of checks possible:
- Code Linting jslint, hlint
- Static Typing
- Static Analysis
- Contract Checking
- Dependent or Refinement Typing
Increasingly, this is the most important phase of a compiler, and modern compiler engineering is built around making these checks lightning fast. For more, see this interview of Anders Hejlsberg the architect of the C# and TypeScript compilers.
Static Well-formedness Checking
We will look at code linting and, later in the quarter, type systems in 131.
For the former, suppose you tried to compile:
def fac(n):
= print(n) in
let t if (n < 1):
1
else:
* fac(m - 1)
n
5) + fac(3, 4) fact(
We would like compilation to fail, not silently, but with useful messages:
$ make tests/output/err-fac.result
Errors found!
tests/input/err-fac.diamond:6:13-14: Unbound variable 'm'
6| n * fac(m - 1)
^
tests/input/err-fac.diamond:8:1-9: Function 'fact' is not defined
8| fact(5) + fac(3, 4)
^^^^^^^^
tests/input/err-fac.diamond:(8:11)-(9:1): Wrong arity of arguments at call of fac
8| fact(5) + fac(3, 4)
^^^^^^^^^
We get multiple errors:
- The variable
m
is not defined, - The function
fact
is not defined, - The call
fac
has the wrong number of arguments.
Next, lets see how to update the architecture of our compiler to support these and other kinds of errors.
Types: An Error Reporting API
An error message type:
data UserError = Error
eMsg :: !Text -- ^ error message
{ eSpan :: !SourceSpan -- ^ source position
,
}deriving (Show, Typeable)
We make it an exception (that can be thrown):
instance Exception [UserError]
We can create errors with:
mkError :: Text -> SourceSpan -> Error
= Error msg l mkError msg l
We can throw errors with:
abort :: UserError -> a
= throw [e] abort e
We display errors with:
renderErrors :: [UserError] -> IO Text
which takes something like:
Error
"Unbound variable 'm'"
= "tests/input/err-fac"
{ file = 8
, startLine = 1
, startCol = 8
, endLine = 9
, endCol }
and produces a contextual message (that requires reading the source file),
tests/input/err-fac.diamond:6:13-14: Unbound variable 'm'
6| n * fac(m - 1)
^
We can put it all together by
-- bin/Main.hs
main :: IO ()
= runCompiler `catch` esHandle
main
esHandle :: [UserError] -> IO ()
= renderErrors es >>= hPutStrLn stderr >> exitFailure esHandle es
Which runs the compiler and if any UserError
are thrown, catch
-es and renders the result.
Transforms
Next, lets insert a checker
phase into our pipeline:
In the above, we have defined the types:
type BareP = Program SourceSpan -- ^ source position metadata
type AnfP = Program SourceSpan -- ^ sub-exprs in ANF
type AnfTagP = Program (SourceSpan, Tag) -- ^ sub-exprs have unique tag
Catching Multiple Errors
Its rather irritating to get errors one-by-one.
To make using a language and compiler pleasant, lets return as many errors as possible in each run.
We will implement this by writing the functions
wellFormed :: BareProgram -> [UserError]
which will recursively traverse the entire program, declaration and expression and return the list of all errors.
- If this list is empty, we just return the source unchanged,
- Otherwise, we
throw
the list of found errors (and exit.)
Thus, our check
function looks like this:
check :: BareProgram -> BareProgram
= case wellFormed p of
check p -> p
[] -> throw es es
Well-formed Programs, Declarations and Expressions
The bulk of the work is done by three functions
-- Check a whole program
wellFormed :: BareProgram -> [UserError]
-- Check a single declaration
wellFormedD :: FunEnv -> BareDecl -> [UserError]
-- Check a single expression
wellFormedE :: FunEnv -> Env -> Bare -> [UserError]
Well-formed Programs
To check the whole program
wellFormed :: BareProgram -> [UserError]
Prog ds e)
wellFormed (= concat [wellFormedD fEnv d | d <- ds]
++ wellFormedE fEnv emptyEnv e
where
= funEnv ds
fEnv
funEnv :: [Decl] -> FunEnv
= fromListEnv [(bindId f, length xs)
funEnv ds | Decl f xs _ _ <- ds]
This function,
- Creates
FunEnv
, a map from function-names to the function-arity (number of params), - Computes the errors for each declaration (given functions in
fEnv
), - Concatenates the resulting lists of errors.
QUIZ
Which function(s) would we have to modify to add large number errors (i.e. errors for numeric literals that may cause overflow)?
wellFormed :: BareProgram -> [UserError]
wellFormedD :: FunEnv -> BareDecl -> [UserError]
wellFormedE :: FunEnv -> Env -> Bare -> [UserError]
1
and2
2
and3
QUIZ
Which function(s) would we have to modify to add variable shadowing errors ?
wellFormed :: BareProgram -> [UserError]
wellFormedD :: FunEnv -> BareDecl -> [UserError]
wellFormedE :: FunEnv -> Env -> Bare -> [UserError]
1
and2
2
and3
QUIZ
Which function(s) would we have to modify to add duplicate parameter errors ?
wellFormed :: BareProgram -> [UserError]
wellFormedD :: FunEnv -> BareDecl -> [UserError]
wellFormedE :: FunEnv -> Env -> Bare -> [UserError]
1
and2
2
and3
QUIZ
Which function(s) would we have to modify to add duplicate function errors ?
wellFormed :: BareProgram -> [UserError]
wellFormedD :: FunEnv -> BareDecl -> [UserError]
wellFormedE :: FunEnv -> Env -> Bare -> [UserError]
1
and2
2
and3
Traversals
Lets look at how we might check for two types of errors:
- “unbound variables”
- “undefined functions”
(In your assignment, you will look for many more.)
The helper function wellFormedD
creates an initial variable environment vEnv
containing the functions parameters, and uses that (and fEnv
) to walk over the body-expressions.
wellFormedD :: FunEnv -> BareDecl -> [UserError]
Decl _ xs e _) = wellFormedE fEnv vEnv e
wellFormedD fEnv (where
= addsEnv xs emptyEnv vEnv
The helper function wellFormedE
starts with the input
vEnv0
which has the function parameters, andfEnv
that has the defined functions,
and traverses the expression:
- At each definition
Let x e1 e2
, the variablex
is added to the environment used to checke2
, - At each use
Id x
we check ifx
is invEnv
and if not, create a suitableUserError
- At each call
App f es
we check iff
is infEnv
and if not, create a suitableUserError
.
wellFormedE :: FunEnv -> Env -> Bare -> [UserError]
= go vEnv0 e
wellFormedE fEnv vEnv0 e where
= concatMap (go vEnv) es
gos vEnv es Boolean {}) = []
go _ (Number n l) = []
go _ (Id x l) = unboundVarErrors vEnv x l
go vEnv (Prim1 _ e _) = go vEnv e
go vEnv (Prim2 _ e1 e2 _) = gos vEnv [e1, e2]
go vEnv (If e1 e2 e3 _) = gos vEnv [e1, e2, e3]
go vEnv (Let x e1 e2 _) = go vEnv e1
go vEnv (++ go (addEnv x vEnv) e2
App f es l) = unboundFunErrors fEnv f l
go vEnv (++ gos vEnv es
You should understand the above and be able to easily add extra error checks.
3. Compiling Functions
In the above, we have defined the types:
type BareP = Program SourceSpan -- ^ each sub-expression has source position metadata
type AnfP = Program SourceSpan -- ^ each function body in ANF
type AnfTagP = Program (SourceSpan, Tag) -- ^ each sub-expression has unique tag
Tagging
The tag
phase simply recursively tags each function body and the main expression
ANF Conversion
The
normalize
phase (i.e.anf
) is recursively applied to each function body.In addition to
Prim2
operands, each call’s arguments should be transformed into an immediate expression
Generalize the strategy for binary operators
- from (
2
arguments) ton
-arguments.
Strategy
Now, lets look at compiling function definitions and calls.
We need a co-ordinated strategy for definitions and calls.
Function Definitions
- Each definition is compiled into a labeled block of
Asm
- That implements the body of the definitions.
- (But what about the parameters)?
Function Calls
- Each call of
f(args)
will execute the block labeledf
- (But what about the parameters)?
Strategy: The Stack
We will use our old friend, the stack to
- pass parameters
- have local variables for called functions.
X86-64 Calling Convention
We are using the x86-64 calling convention, that ensures the following stack layout:
Suppose we have a function foo
defined as
def foo(x1,x2,...):
e
When the function body starts executing
the first 6 parameters
x1
,x2
, …x6
are atrdi
,rsi
,rdx
,rcx
,r8
andr9
the remaining
x7
,x8
… are at[rbp + 8*2]
,[rbp + 8*3]
, …
When the function exits
- the return value is in
rax
Pesky detail on Stack Alignment
At both definition and call, you need to also respect the 16-Byte Stack Alignment Invariant
Ensure
rsp
is always a multiple of16
.
i.e. pad to ensure an even number of arguments on stack
Strategy: Definitions
Thus to compile each definition
def foo(x1,x2,...):
body
we must
Setup Frame to allocate space for local variables by ensuring that
rsp
andrbp
are properly managedCopy parameters
x1
,x2
,… from the registers & stack
into stack-slots1
,2
,… so we can access them in thebody
Compile Body
body
with initialEnv
mapping parametersx1 => 1
,x2 => 2
, …Teardown Frame to restore the caller’s
rbp
andrsp
prior toret
urn.
Strategy: Calls
As before we must ensure that the parameters actually live at the above address.
Push the parameter values into the registers & stack,
Call the appropriate function (using its label),
Pop the arguments off the stack by incrementing
rsp
appropriately.
Types
We already have most of the machinery needed to compile calls.
Lets just add a new kind of Label
for each user-defined function:
data Label
= ...
| DefFun Id
Implementation
Lets can refactor our compile
functions into:
-- Compile the whole program
compileProg :: AnfTagP -> Asm
-- Compile a single function declaration
compileDecl :: Bind -> [Bind] -> Expr -> Asm
-- Compile a single expression
compileExpr :: Env -> AnfTagE -> Asm
that respectively compile Program
, Decl
and Expr
.
Compiling Programs
To compile a Program
we compile
- the main expression as
Decl
with no parameters and - each function declaration
Prog ds e) =
compileProg (Bind "" ()) [] e
compileDecl (++ concat [ compileDecl f xs e | (Decl f xs e _) <- ds ]
QUIZ
Does it matter whether we put the code for e
before ds
?
1. Yes
2. No
QUIZ
Does it matter what order we compile the ds
?
1. Yes
2. No
Compiling Declarations
To compile a single Decl
we
- Create a block starting with a label for the function’s name (so we know where to
call
), - Invoke
compileBody
to fill in the assembly code for the body, using the initialEnv
obtained from the function’s formal parameters.
compileDecl :: Bind a -> [Bind a] -> AExp -> [Instruction]
=
compileDecl f xs body -- 0. Label for start of function
ILabel (DefFun (bindId f)) ]
[ -- 1. Setup stack frame RBP/RSP
++ funEntry n
-- label the 'body' for tail-calls
++ [ ILabel (DefFunBody (bindId f)) ]
-- 2. Copy parameters into stack slots
++ copyArgs xs
-- 3. Execute 'body' with result in RAX
++ compileEnv initEnv body
-- 4. Teardown stack frame & return
++ funExit n
where
-- space for params + locals
= length xs + countVars body
n = paramsEnv xs initEnv
Setup and Tear Down Stack Frame
(As in cobra
)
Setup frame
funEntry :: Int -> [Instruction]
=
funEntry n IPush (Reg RBP) -- save caller's RBP
[ IMov (Reg RBP) (Reg RSP) -- set callee's RBP
, ISub (Reg RSP) (Const (argBytes n)) -- allocate n local-vars
, ]
Teardown frame
funExit :: Int -> [Instruction]
=
funExit n IAdd (Reg RSP) (Const (argBytes n)) -- un-allocate n local-vars
[ IPop (Reg RBP) -- restore callee's RBP
, IRet -- return to caller
, ]
Copy Parameters into Frame
copyArgs xs
returns the instructions needed to copy the parameter values
From the combination of
rdi
,rsi
, …To this function’s frame,
rdi -> [rbp - 8]
,rsi -> [rbp - 16]
,…
copyArgs :: [a] -> Asm
= copyRegArgs rXs -- copy upto 6 register args
copyArgs xs ++ copyStackArgs sXs -- copy remaining stack args
where
= splitAt 6 xs
(rXs, sXs)
-- Copy upto 6 args from registers into offsets 1..
copyRegArgs :: [a] -> Asm
= [ IMov (stackVar i) (Reg r) | (_,r,i) <- zipWith3 xs regs [1..] ]
copyRegArgs xs where regs = [RDI, RSI, RDX, RCX, R8, R9]
-- Copy remaining args from stack into offsets 7..
copyStackArgs :: [a] -> Asm
= concat [ copyArg src dst | (_,src,dst) <- zip3 xs [-2,-3..] [7..] ]
copyStackArgs xs
-- Copy from RBP-offset-src to RBP-offset-dst
copyArg :: Int -> Int -> Asm
=
copyArg src dst IMov (Reg RAX) (stackVar src)
[ IMov (stackVar dst) (Reg RAX)
, ]
Execute Function Body
(As in cobra)
compileEnv initEnv body
generates the assembly for e
using initEnv
, the initial Env
created by paramsEnv
paramsEnv :: [Bind a] -> Env
= fromListEnv (zip xids [1..])
paramsEnv xs where
= map bindId xs xids
paramsEnv xs
returns an Env
mapping each parameter to its stack position
(Recall that bindId
extracts the Id
from each Bind
)
Compiling Calls
Finally, lets extend code generation to account for calls:
compileEnv :: Env -> AnfTagE -> [Instruction]
App f vs _) = call (DefFun f) [immArg env v | v <- vs] compileEnv env (
EXERCISE The hard work in compiling calls is done by:
call :: Label -> [Arg] -> [Instruction]
which implements the strategy for calls. Fill in the implementation of call
yourself. As an example, of its behavior, consider the (source) program:
def add2(x, y):
+ y
x
12, 7) add2(
The call add2(12, 7)
is represented as:
App "add2" [Number 12, Number 7]
The code for the above call is generated by
DefFun "add2") [arg 12, arg 7] call (
where arg
converts source values into assembly Arg
which should generate the equivalent of the assembly:
mov rdi 24
mov rsi 14
call label_def_add2
4. Compiling Tail Calls
Our language doesn’t have loops. While recursion is more general, it is more expensive because it uses up stack space (and requires all the attendant management overhead). For example (the python
program):
def sumTo(n):
= 0
r = n
i while (0 <= i):
= r + i
r = i - 1
i return r
10000) sumTo(
- Requires a single stack frame
- Can be implemented with 2 registers
But, the “equivalent” diamond
program
def sumTo(n):
if (n <= 0):
0
else:
+ sumTo(n - 1)
n
10000) sumTo(
- Requires
10000
stack frames … - One for
fac(10000)
, one forfac(9999)
etc.
Tail Recursion
Fortunately, we can do much better.
A tail recursive function is one where the recursive call is the last operation done by the function, i.e. where the value returned by the function is the same as the value returned by the recursive call.
We can rewrite sumTo
using a tail-recursive loop
function:
def loop(r, i):
if (0 <= i):
= r + i
let rr = i - 1
, ii in
# tail call
loop(rr, ii) else:
r
def sumTo(n):
0, n)
loop(
10000) sumTo(
Visualizing Tail Calls
Lets compare the execution of the two versions of sumTo
Plain Recursion
5)
sumTo(==> 5 + sumTo(4)
^^^^^^^^
==> 5 + [4 + sumTo(3)]
^^^^^^^^
==> 5 + [4 + [3 + sumTo(2)]]
^^^^^^^^
==> 5 + [4 + [3 + [2 + sumTo(1)]]]
^^^^^^^^
==> 5 + [4 + [3 + [2 + [1 + sumTo(0)]]]]
^^^^^^^^
==> 5 + [4 + [3 + [2 + [1 + 0]]]]
^^^^^
==> 5 + [4 + [3 + [2 + 1]]]
^^^^^
==> 5 + [4 + [3 + 3]]
^^^^^
==> 5 + [4 + 6]
^^^^^
==> 5 + 10
^^^^^^
==> 15
- Each call pushes a frame onto the call-stack;
- The results are popped off and added to the parameter at that frame.
Tail Recursion
5)
sumTo(==> loop(0, 5)
==> loop(5, 4)
==> loop(9, 3)
==> loop(12, 2)
==> loop(14, 1)
==> loop(15, 0)
==> 15
- Accumulation happens in the parameter (not with the output),
- Each call returns its result without further computation
No need to use call-stack, can make recursive call in place.
- Tail recursive calls can be compiled into loops!
Tail Recursion Strategy
Here’s the code for sumTo
Tail Recursion Strategy
Instead of using call
to make the call, simply:
- Copy the call’s arguments to the (same) stack position (as current args),
- first six in
rdi
,rsi
etc. and rest in[rbp+16]
,[rbp+18]
…
- Jump to the start of the function
- but after the bit where setup the stack frame (to not do it again!)
That is, here’s what a naive implementation would look like:
mov rdi, [rbp - 8] # push rr
mov rsi, [rbp - 16] # push ii
call def_loop
but a tail-recursive call can instead be compiled as:
mov rdi, [rbp - 8] # push rr
mov rsi, [rbp - 16] # push ii
jmp def_loop_body
which has the effect of executing loop
literally as if it were a while-loop!
Requirements
To implement the above strategy, we need a way to:
- Identify tail calls in the source
Expr
(AST), - Compile the tail calls following the above strategy.
Types
We can do the above in a single step, i.e., we could identify the tail calls during the code generation, but its cleaner to separate the steps into:
In the above, we have defined the types:
type BareP = Program SourceSpan -- ^ each sub-expression has source position metadata
type AnfP = Program SourceSpan -- ^ each function body in ANF
type AnfTagP = Program (SourceSpan, Tag) -- ^ each sub-expression has unique tag
type AnfTagTlP = Program ((SourceSpan, Tag), Bool) -- ^ each call is marked as "tail" or not
Transforms
Thus, to implement tail-call optimization, we need to write two transforms:
1. To Label each call with True
(if it is a tail call) or False
otherwise:
tails :: Program a -> Program (a, Bool)
2. To Compile tail calls, by extending compileEnv
Labeling Tail Calls
The Expr
in non tail positions
Prim1
Prim2
Let
(“bound expression”)If
(“condition”)
cannot contain tail calls; all those values have some further computation performed on them.
However, the Expr
in tail positions
If
(“then” and “else” branch)Let
(“body”)
can contain tail calls (unless they appear under the first case)
Algorithm: Traverse Expr
using a Bool
- Initially
True
but - Toggled to
False
under non-tail positions, - Used as “tail-label” at each call.

Compiling Tail Calls
Finally, to generate code, we need only add a special case to compileExpr
compileExpr :: Env -> AnfTagTlE -> [Instruction]
App f vs l)
compileExpr env (| isTail l = tailcall (DefFun f) [immArg env v | v <- vs]
| otherwise = call (DefFunBody f) [immArg env v | v <- vs]
That is, if the call is not labeled as a tail call, generate code as before. Otherwise, use tailcall
which implements our tail recursion strategy
tailcall :: Label -> [Arg] -> [Instruction]
tailcall l args= copyRegArgs regArgs -- copy into RDI, RSI,...
++ copyTailStackArgs stkArgs -- copy into [RBP + 16], [RBP + 24] ...
++ [IJmp l] -- jump to start label
where
= splitAt 6 args (regArgs, stkArgs)
Recap
We just saw how to add support for first-class function
- Definitions, and
- Calls
and a way in which an important class of
Tail Recursive functions can be compiled as loops.
Later, we’ll see how to represent functions as values using closures.


Werewolf, yo.

Now let's say there are werewolves hiding in your midst.
The villagers, when choosing randomly, will have a % chance of winning. Games will last an average of phases.


Project Description
- Effortless .Net Core Encryption is a library that is written in C#, .Net Core and provides:
-
- Rijndael encryption/decryption.
- Hashing and Digest creation/validation.
- Password and salt creation.
- .Net Core GitHub Project : https://github.com/keerthirajap/Effortless.Net.Core.Encryption
Copy Rights
This is a cloned .Net Core version of orginal work from https://github.com/sjh37/Effortless-.Net-Encryption
Special thanks to Simon Hughes https://github.com/sjh37
**Before You Begin**
1. Supported .Net Core Versions : 5.0
2. Supported Operating System : Windows
3. According to .Net Core source code, only 128 Block Size is supported in Rijndael, Sources:
Installation
https://www.nuget.org/packages/Effortless.Net.Core.Encryption/
To install Effortless.Net.Core.Encryption, run the following command in the Package Manager Console
PM> dotnet add package Effortless.Net.Core.EncryptionOverview
The project is split into four main areas
-
- Strings – Encryption/Decryption/Password and Salt generation
- Hash – Creation and verification of hashes using MD5, SHA1, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512.
- Digest – Creation and verification of digests (data + hash). Plus two handy ToString() and CreateFromString() functions which come in handy if you want to store data in a Cookie.
- Bytes – The core of the library. This uses the Rijndael algorithm and works at the byte[] level for most functions.
Examples
// Creating passwords & salts
string password = Strings.CreatePassword(15, true);
string salt = Strings.CreateSalt(20);
// Encrypting/decrypting strings
byte[] key = Bytes.GenerateKey();
byte[] iv = Bytes.GenerateIV();
string encrypted = Strings.Encrypt("Secret", key, iv);
string decrypted = Strings.Decrypt(encrypted, key, iv);
Assert.AreEqual("Secret", decrypted);
// Hashes
string hash = Hash.Create(HashType.SHA512, "Hello", string.Empty, false);
// Digests
var d1 = Digest.Create(HashType.MD5, "Hello", string.Empty);
string cookieString = d1.ToString();
var d2 = Digest.CreateFromString(cookieString, string.Empty);
Assert.AreEqual(d1.Data, d2.Data);
Assert.AreEqual(d1.Hash, d2.Hash);
// Bytes
byte[] key = Bytes.GenerateKey();
byte[] iv = Bytes.GenerateIV();
var data = new byte[1024];
new RNGCryptoServiceProvider().GetBytes(data); // Random data
byte[] encrypted = Bytes.Encrypt(data, key, iv);
byte[] decrypted = Bytes.Decrypt(encrypted, key, iv);
Assert.AreEqual(data, decrypted);
// Digital Signatures
var hash = Hash.Create(HashType.SHA256, "Hello", string.Empty)
var ds = new DigitalSignature();
ds.AssignNewKey();
var signature = ds.SignData(hash);
var result = ds.VerifySignature(hash, signature);
Assert.IsTrue(result);
// Diffie Hellman
var alice = new DiffieHellman();
var bob = new DiffieHellman();
// Bob uses Alice's public key to encrypt his message.
var secretMessage = bob.Encrypt(alice, "Hello");
// Alice uses Bob's public key and IV to decrypt the secret message.
var decryptedMessage = alice.Decrypt(bob, secretMessage);
Assert.AreEqual("Hello", decryptedMessage);
Code Coverage
+---------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| Module | Line | Branch | Method |
+---------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
| Effortless.Net.Encryption | 86.42% | 54.13% | 86.11% |
+---------------------------+--------+--------+--------+
+---------+--------+--------+--------+
| | Line | Branch | Method |
+---------+--------+--------+--------+
| Total | 86.42% | 54.13% | 86.11% |
+---------+--------+--------+--------+
| Average | 86.42% | 54.13% | 86.11% |
+---------+--------+--------+--------+


The following examples assume that you are running the Radio API locally on port 8112. If that is the case, then
both the "Try it" examples and the curl
sample commands should work.
To play a stream, post a form field called streamurl with a url encoded value containing the
stream URL to /api
, eg:
curl --data "streamurl=your_encoded_url" http://localhost:8112/api
On success, the result will be a status code 200 with the text OK
.
To stop playing, post a form field called streamurl with a value of stop
to /api
, eg:
curl --data "streamurl=stop" http://localhost:8112/api
On success, the result will be a status code 200 with the text OK
.
To increase the volume, post a form field called volup with a value of up
to /api
, eg:
curl --data "volup=up" http://localhost:8112/api
On success, the result will be a status code 200 with the text OK
.
To reduce the volume, post a form field called voldn with a value of dn
to /api
, eg:
curl --data "voldn=dn" http://localhost:8112/api
On success, the result will be a status code 200 with the text OK
.
To set a specific volume, post a form field called volume with a value in the range
0 - 20 to /api
, eg:
curl --data "volume=6" http://localhost:8112/api
On success, the result will be a status code 200 with the text OK
.


Storage - database definitions
The storage schema describes the details of a database in a way that the framework understands. From this description the framework can move data in and out of a database and present it to a browser using forms such as Add, Edit, List or as XML or JSON formatted data.
Contained in the storage definition are databases, tables, fields, functions, customised sql. These are extended by you with additional information specifically for presentation.
Using tools included with the framework you can build a storage definition by reverse engineering a database from it's metadata. These tools will build the largest part of the storage definition. The presentation values such as width, height, regex, pattern etc are yours to configure as you need.
The actions in the "pager_db_actions.xsd" are used to present the data from the storage database definition to the user.


Name
Gender
Male
Female
Favorites music styles
Blues
Classical
Country
Dance
Drum and Bass
Dubstep
Easy Listening
Emo
Funk
Folk
Garage
Grunge
Grime
Hip Hop
Indie
Jazz
Latin
Metal
Motown
Mod
Opera
Pop
Punk
Rap
Reggae
Rhythm and Blues
Rock
Soul
Techno
Trance
World
Phone numbers
One file
Another file
Reset
Send
{}


Search:
NAME
EMPLOYEES
HEAD OFFICE
ACTION
{{company.name}}
{{company.employees}}
{{company.headoffice}}
Remove
Add a Company
Name:
Name required
Employee:
Head Office:
Submit


| Cockpit Guide |
|---|
cockpit.csscockpit.css — Cockpit standard style sheets |
<link href="../base1/cockpit.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"> @import url('../base1/cockpit.css');
These are the standard Cockpit CSS stylesheets. They automatically pull in the PatternFly
and Bootstrap styles that they depend on. When you bring these into your component, do not
include patternfly.css
explicitly as well.
The exact styles available beyond what's in PatternFly is not yet documented or public API.


ROUND(value) → roundedValue
Return the integer closest to value.
ROUND(2.49) // 2
ROUND(2.50) // 3
ROUND(-2.50) // -2
ROUND(-2.51) // -3
Rounding towards zero, also known as trunc() in C/C++, can be achieved with a combination of the ternary operator, CEIL() and FLOOR():
LET rounded = value >= 0 ? FLOOR(value) : CEIL(value)


Resources: Your First PR
Resources: Your First PR
An open event for people to come and contribute to Open Source as part of Hacktoberfest
Hacktoberfest is a month-long celebration of open source software run by DigitalOcean and Dev. It happens in the month of October every year. ThoughtWorks Chennai is hosting the event to promote and support contributing to Open Source! The event is organized by a passionate group of open sorcerers and sponsored by ThoughtWorks.
Prerequisite for event: Bring Laptop
Have more questions regarding Hacktoberfest? Head to the Hacktoberfest FAQ
Note: Participants are required to follow the Hacktoberfest Code Of Conduct
We love feedback! If you have any suggestions or cribs, feel free to fill out our feedback form. Don't worry, its completely anonymous.


I didn’t want 1000s of lines printed, but I wanted to see where things were. This was a good chance to learn about CSI codes. By printing “\x1b[nf”, it tells the console to go back to the beginning of the current line and then up n-1 lines (if n > 1). So I can print the current hexdump over itself repeatedly, getting status, without crushing space.
os.write(1, "\x1b[3F")


Welcome to book bundler!
B4 is an application for creating book bundles—collections of free ebooks.
Log in with Google
[ log out ]
← back to bundle list
Books in this bundle:


OFFICERS of MCC of OGS
The Monroe
County Chapter of the Ohio Genealogical Society (MCC of OGS) has a current
slate of hard working, capable officers. Under the guidance of the very
energetic past-president, Karen Romick, the Chapter has made major strides in
the past years.
Election of
officers is held at the regular monthly meeting in November of each year. We
are always in search of new blood to help keep the Chapter dynamic and
progressive.
For e-mail addresses of MCC of OGS officers click here
CURRENT YEAR (2003 - 2004) OFFICERS
New Electees 2004
MCC of OGS officers
President - J. Brent
Gamble
Vice President Louise
Reid
Treasurer - Helen English
Secretary - Jean Craig
Trustees - Harold Scatterday, Ruth Hogue and Eva Jean
Hartshorn
First Families - Jeanne Egger Schwall
Membership/Sales - Shirley Neiswonger
Library Committee - Karen Romick, Jean Craig,
Eva Jean Hartshorn
NewsletterEditor/Publications - Karen Romick
YEAR (2002 - 2003)
OFFICERS
President - Karen Romick
Vice President J. Brent Gamble
Treasurer - Helen English
Secretary - Jean Craig
Trustees - Harold Scatterday, Ruth Hogue and Eva Jean
Hartshorn
First Families - Jeanne Egger Schwall
Membership/Sales - Shirley Neiswonger
Library Committee - Karen Romick, Jean Craig,
Eva Jean Hartshorn
NewsletterEditor/Publications - Karen Romick
For a complete list of all MCC of OGS officers for past years click here
Click here for the Short-Cut Table of Contents