Here is an attempt to sketch out what you need to do in order to add another clock to the parse driver:
Prerequisites:
What to do:
Make a conversion module (libparse/clk_*.c)
struct clocktime /* clock time broken up from time code */ { long day; long month; long year; long hour; long minute; long second; long usecond; long utcoffset; /* in seconds */ time_t utcoffset; /* true utc time instead of date/time */ long flags; /* current clock status */ };
Conversion is usually simple and straight forward. For the flags following values can be OR'ed together:
PARSEB_ANNOUNCE switch time zone warning (informational only) PARSEB_POWERUP no synchronisation - clock confused (must set then) PARSEB_NOSYNC timecode currently not confirmed (must set then) usually on reception error when there is still a chance the the generated time is still ok. PARSEB_DST DST in effect (informational only) PARSEB_UTC timecode contains UTC time (informational only) PARSEB_LEAPADD LEAP addition warning (prior to leap happening - must set when imminent) also used for time code that do not encode the direction (as this is currently the default). PARSEB_LEAPDEL LEAP deletion warning (prior to leap happening - must set when imminent) PARSEB_ALTERNATE backup transmitter (informational only) PARSEB_POSITION geographic position available (informational only) PARSEB_LEAPSECOND actual leap second (this time code is the leap second - informational only)
These are feature flags denoting items that are supported by the clock:
PARSEB_S_LEAP supports LEAP - might set PARSEB_LEAP PARSEB_S_ANTENNA supports ANTENNA - might set PARSEB_ALTERNATE PARSEB_S_PPS supports PPS time stamping PARSEB_S_POSITION supports position information (GPS)
If the utctime field is non zero this value will be take as time code value. This allows for conversion routines that already have the utc time value. The utctime field gives the seconds since Jan 1st 1970, 0:00:00. The useconds field gives the respective usec value. The fields for date and time (down to second resolution) will be ignored.
Conversion is done in the cvt_* routine in parse/clk_*.c files. look in them for examples. The basic structure is:
struct clockformat <yourclock>_format = { lots of fields for you to fill out (see below) }; static cvt_<yourclock>() ... { if (<I do not recognize my time code>) { return CVT_NONE; } else { if (<conversion into clockformat is ok>) { <set all necessary flags>; return CVT_OK; } else { return CVT_FAIL|CVT_BADFMT; } }
The struct clockformat is the interface to the rest of the parse driver - it holds all information necessary for finding the clock message and doing the appropriate time stamping.
struct clockformat { u_long (*convert)(); /* conversion routine - your routine - cvt_<yourclock> */ void (*syncevt)(); /* routine for handling RS232 sync events (time stamps) - usually sync_simple */ u_long (*syncpps)(); /* PPS input routine - usually pps_simple */ u_long (*synth)(); /* time code synthesizer - usually not used - (long (*)())0 */ void *data; /* local parameters - any parameters/data/configuration info your conversion routine might need */ char *name; /* clock format name - Name of the time code */ unsigned short length; /* maximum length of data packet for your clock format */ u_long flags; /* information for the parser what to look for */ struct timeval timeout; /* buffer restart after timeout (us) - some clocks preceede new data by a longer period of silence - unsually not used */ unsigned char startsym; /* start symbol - character at the beginning of the clock data */ unsigned char endsym; /* end symbol - character at the end of the clock data */ unsigned char syncsym; /* sync symbol - character that is "on time" - where the time stamp should be taken */ };
The flags:
F_START use startsym to find the beginning of the clock data F_END use endsym to find the end of the clock data SYNC_TIMEOUT packet restart after timeout in timeout field SYNC_START packet start is sync event (time stamp at paket start) SYNC_END packet end is sync event (time stamp at paket end) SYNC_CHAR special character (syncsym) is sync event SYNC_ONE PPS synchronize on 'ONE' transition SYNC_ZERO PPS synchronize on 'ZERO' transition SYNC_SYNTHESIZE generate intermediate time stamps (very special case!) CVT_FIXEDONLY convert only in fixed configuration - (data format not suitable for auto-configuration)
The above should have given you some hints on how to build a clk_*.c file with the time code conversion. See the examples and pick a clock closest to yours and tweak the code to match your clock.
In order to make your clk_*.c file usable a reference to the clockformat structure must be put into parse_conf.c.
struct clockinfo { u_long cl_flags; /* operation flags (io modes) */ PARSE_F_NOPOLLONLY always do async io - read whenever input comes PARSE_F_POLLONLY never do async io - only read when expecting data PARSE_F_PPSPPS use loopfilter PPS code (CIOGETEV) PARSE_F_PPSONSECOND PPS pulses are on second usually flags stay 0 as they are used only for special setups void (*cl_poll)(); /* active poll routine */ The routine to call when the clock needs data sent to it in order to get a time code from the clock (e.g. Trimble clock) int (*cl_init)(); /* active poll init routine */ The routine to call for very special initializations. void (*cl_event)(); /* special event handling (e.g. reset clock) */ What to do, when an event happens - used to re-initialize clocks on timeout. void (*cl_end)(); /* active poll end routine */ The routine to call to undo any special initialisation (free memory/timers) void *cl_data; /* local data area for "poll" mechanism */ local data for polling routines u_fp cl_rootdelay; /* rootdelay */ NTP rootdelay estimate (usually 0) u_long cl_basedelay; /* current offset - unsigned l_fp fractional part (fraction) by which the RS232 time code is delayed from the actual time. */ u_long cl_ppsdelay; /* current PPS offset - unsigned l_fp fractional time (fraction) by which the PPS time stamp is delayed (usually 0) part */ char *cl_id; /* ID code (usually "DCF") */ Refclock id - (max 4 chars) char *cl_description; /* device name */ Name of this device. char *cl_format; /* fixed format */ If the data format cann not ne detected automatically this is the name as in clk_*.c clockformat. u_char cl_type; /* clock type (ntp control) */ Type if clock as in clock status word (ntp control messages) - usually 0 u_long cl_maxunsync; /* time to trust oscillator after loosing synch */ seconds a clock can be trusted after loosing synchronisation. u_long cl_speed; /* terminal input & output baudrate */ u_long cl_cflag; /* terminal io flags */ u_long cl_iflag; /* terminal io flags */ u_long cl_oflag; /* terminal io flags */ u_long cl_lflag; /* terminal io flags */ termio*.h tty modes. u_long cl_samples; /* samples for median filter */ u_long cl_keep; /* samples for median filter to keep */ median filter parameters - smoothing and rejection of bad samples } clockinfo[] = { ...,<other clocks>,... { < your parameters> }, };
Well, this is very sketchy, i know. But I hope it helps a little bit. The best way is to look which clock comes closest to your and tweak that code.
Two sorts of clocks are used with parse. Clocks that automatically send their time code (once a second) do not need entries in the poll routines because they send the data all the time. The second sort are the clocks that need a command sent to them in order to reply with a time code (like the Trimble clock).
For questions<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Please include an exact description on how your clock works. (initialisation, TTY modes, strings to be sent to it, responses received from the clock).


Is My Dog Cute?
Do you really have to ask?
I guess you must, or you would be busy petting your cute dog, right?
Okay, I am going to need some information:
Do you have a dog?
No
Yes


Is it possible to sse the bullet spread under suppression as an info plot?
BrainFooLong
Administrator
No - And it makes no sense because no weapon make it possible to shot accurate under suppression. Also suppression is not a fix value - It differs from the distance from bullet to player.


 Director - William Crain, Screenplay - Larry LeBron, Idea - Lawrence Woolner, Producer - Charles Walker, Photography - Tak Fujimoto, Music - Johnny Pate, Special Effects - Harry Wollman, Hyde Makeup - Stan Winston, Makeup - Zoltan Elek, Art Direction - Tommy Estridge. Production Company - Hyde Productions. Bernie Casey (Dr Henry Pride), Marie O'Henry (Linda Monte), Rosalind Cash (Dr Billie Worth), Ji-Tu Cumbuka (Lieutenant Jackson), Milt Kogan (Lieutenant Harry O'Connor), Stu Gilliam (Silky)
Plot: Eminent Black doctor Henry Pride is trying to find a cure for liver disease. He injects himself with the serum he creates but this transforms him into a psychopathic white-skinned monster that goes on a spree killing prostitutes.
Following the popularity of `Shaft' (1971) which was the first action film to feature a Black hero, there was, in what has been nicknamed the Blaxploitation fad, a swarm of film-makers who raced to exploit the new market, offering up traditional action films but featuring principally Black protagonists and characters. Amongst these came the entrepreneurial `Blacula' (1972) and `Blackenstein' (1973), jumping on the trend to adapt classic horror stories with Black twists. And after that, one supposed that `Dr Black and Mr Hyde' was fairly inevitable.
Like `Blacula' and `Blackenstein', `Dr Black and Mr Hyde' is a B-exploitation film, passably well made. But while neither `Blacula' and `Blackenstein' are any more than that, `Dr Black' has an undeniable metaphoric anger to it. Of all the Blaxploitation reworkings of classic horror themes, `Dr Black' is the only one to revamp the metaphors of the original story rather than simply recast the story in Black face. Where Robert Louis Stevenson wrote `Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde' as a pre-Freudian psychological study in the rift between man's baser drives and the veneer of civilization he is forced to adopt, `Dr Black' rewrites it into a metaphor for the Black and White racial divide. On the Dr Jekyll side it sets up Bernie Casey as the kind-hearted Black doctor Pride who, in having won success and acclaim, is accused of "really being white" and having forgotten his ghetto ethnicity. And when he takes the potion and literally transforms into a white man, the result is an hysterically paranoid and exaggerated demonization of a white man that might have emerged from someone's deepest darkest racial nightmares. (It is probably the most brutish and animalistic of all the Mr Hyde characterizations that have ever been conducted). Beneath the film looms this deeply afraid (and undeniably racist) racial animosity born out of the ghetto - the fear for Black identity; the belief that to sell out one's ghetto roots is to become White; that to be White is truly monstrous - that manages to play with considerably more potency than a good many serious liberal films about racism. And the result is a metaphor of the racial divide that is conducted with a striking and unremitting ferocity that quite belies the exploitation film it is embedded in.
Screening at the Christchurch 1998 Incredibly Strange Film Festival Reviewed by Richard Scheib
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rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


The Black Goose Bistro offers casual lunch and dinner fare in a hip atmosphere. The menu changes regularly to highlight the freshest ingredients.
You have fun... we'll do the cooking.Black Goose catering can handle events from snacks for bridge club to elegant corporate fundraisers.
Seekonk, Massachusetts; Monday through Thursday 11am to 9pm, Friday and Saturday, 11am to midnight


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Progressive Enrichment
23 Nov 2010There are some great new features rolling out with CSS3 and HTML5 that will make life fun for web designers/programmers. Simple rounded corners, integrated video and fancy transitions are just a few of the many new options provided to developers. To varying degrees, browser makers are bolstering their support for these advancements in their latest versions.
Whenever new browser versions arrive, the question is raised on what features are widespread enough to take advantage of, and what level to design for. Users have many options for browsers, and then many versions of each browser. Some keep updated to the latest versions, others lag behind.
How do you know if your visitors will have the capability to experience the fancy new additions you spent so much time building? You could target the most common browser and avoid creating anything that isn’t compatible. Instead, I want to suggest and idea proposed by people smarter than me, called progressive enrichment. I love this idea.
In his book Handcrafted CSS, Dan Cederholm skillfully asks, “Do Websites Need to Look Exactly the Same in Every Browser?” His answer is no. Instead of being disappointed that the new features don’t show up in older browsers, shift your thinking to the standpoint that newer browsers are rewarded with enhanced features. Think about benefits instead of problems. This may be a big change in thinking for decision makers who expect one design to be rendered exactly the same in all browsers. If properly built, the layout, readability, and features could be developed similarly in each browser, but the finer details would differ as browsers support them.
Dan also suggests that the degree of your progressive enrichment should be tempered by your site’s specific stats. He quotes another smart guy, Eric Meyer who said it doesn’t matter what the global stats are for a browser, but it does matter what your specific site’s stats are. If your particular audience is full of early adopters, you have more freedom to enhance the site with the latest and greatest. However, if many of your site’s visitors are on earlier browser versions, you should focus on more widely supported features.
So if you're skimming this, here is my point: Because there is a delay between the release of new browser features and the adoption of browser software, you can’t simply develop sites dependent on advance features. On the other hand you shouldn’t develop to the lowest common denominator. I suggest using progressive enhancement to enable advanced browsers to enjoy new features while still providing a great experience to lesser browsers.
Further Reading:


x(t) = 2cos(t)(1-cos(t))
y(t) = 2sin(t)(1-cos(t))
Time varies from 0 to 2 pi
Time:
Curvature:
Radius of curvature:


Founded by the Romans, Sevilla became an important city where 2 of the 5 Good Emporers were born in. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the city was largely abandoned until the Moors crossed over from Northern Africa and conquered much of Spain. Then in the 13th century, the Christians retook Sevilla. It became arguably the most important city in the world in the 16th century when it managed everything going in and out of the New World.
| Landmark | Historical Importance |
|---|---|
| Archives of the Indies | Houses all documents pertaining to the New World |
| Cathedral of Sevilla | 3rd largest cathedral in the world |
| Tobacco Factory | Now housing the University of Sevilla, it stored all tobacco from the New World |


CollabNet, Inc. kick-started Subversion development in early 2000. Their aim was to create a better, open-source replacement for CVS, the then-dominant version control system. Subversion shares the same basic principles of CVS, but was created from scratch to avoid its bugs and limitations.
Subversion has since been adopted by a tremendous amount of different companies and organizations, resulting in steady continued development of Subversion itself, and the creation of a wide variety of Subversion client applications.
In November 2009, Subversion joined the Apache Software Foundation, becoming “Apache Subversion” three months later. Although there are organizations that still use CVS, Subversion is now the world's most used centralized version control system.


Weather
Weather forecast for Louth for this week
Forecast
by David LynchAfter a particularly cold night last night, local weather expert Louth Weather has offered up the forecast for the week ahead, today being the pick of the week.
"Monday is my pick of the week. Then it's milder, but wetter and windier mid week. Cloudy and drier later in the week. More unsettled again on Sunday and into the early days of the following week.
Daily Forecast:
MONDAY - Some thin high cloud about today, but lots of sunshine. Dry. Light SE breeze. Cold at 6°C. Frost early tonight but temperatures rising as cloud arrives.
TUESDAY - A mix of cloud and some sunny spells early in the day. Turning duller later, with rain arriving around teatime. Moderate to fresh SE winds. Much milder than of late at 11°C.
WEDNESDAY - Exact details are unclear but I expect rain at times throughout the day, heaviest early on. Fresh SE wind. Max 10°C.
THURSDAY - Overcast with rain at times. Moderate SE winds. Max 9°C.
FRIDAY and THE WEEKEND - Cloudy overall but quite a lot of dry weather. Higher risk of rain on Saturday night and on Sunday. Turning slightly cooler, but not as windy as mid week.


is2 library¶
is2 is an event driven http(s) API server library with support for url routing, tls (with openssl), serving static files, proxying, and subrequests.
Architecture Overview¶
is2 starts with a server
object. listener
objects -listening on a particular port with a given scheme (TCP/TLS) can be registered with a server
object. handler
objects can be routed to the listener
objects at specified urls.
A basic example of instantation/registration:
// create a TCP listener on port 12345
ns_is2::lsnr *lsnr =
new ns_is2::lsnr(12345, ns_is2::SCHEME_TCP);
// create request handler --based on ns_is2::default_rqst_h
ns_is2::rqst_h *rqst_h = new request_handler();
// specify route to request handler on the listener
lsnr->add_route("/path1/path2", rqst_h);
// create a server object
ns_is2::srvr *srvr = new ns_is2::srvr();
// register listener with server object
srvr->register_lsnr(lsnr);
The Reactor¶
is2 has an event system similar to libevent or libuv. The reactor is a std::priority_queue of timer events with inverted ordering, for dequeue’ing the next nearest timeout. The “next nearest timeout” is used for the subsequent call to wait for events (epoll_wait
, select
, kqueue
).
Reactor loop psuedo code:
while true:
// dequeue / handle timer events until timer > now
do
last_timer = timer_queue.dequeue
while(last_timer < now)
// wait for an event -up to the next timer event
events = wait_event(last_timer)
// handle events if any
for each event
handle (readable/writeable/etc)


This tutorial will highlight the benefits of the new TRUNCATE command available in DB2 9.7.
The TRUNCATE command deletes all rows from a table. This will show you the performance benefit of using TRUNCATE instead of DELETE.
To proceed, press the next button.
Note: This tutorial works best with Technology Explorer for IBM DB2 version 3.3 or later.


6
1 Working together with him, then, we appeal to you not to receive the grace of God in vain.
2 For he says,
“In a favorable time I listened to you,
and in a day of salvation I have helped you.”
Behold, now is the favorable time; behold, now is the day of salvation.
3 We put no obstacle in anyone's way, so that no fault may be found with our ministry,
4 but as servants of God we commend ourselves in every way: by great endurance, in afflictions, hardships, calamities,
5 beatings, imprisonments, riots, labors, sleepless nights, hunger;
6 by purity, knowledge, patience, kindness, the Holy Spirit, genuine love;
7 by truthful speech, and the power of God; with the weapons of righteousness for the right hand and for the left;
8 through honor and dishonor, through slander and praise. We are treated as impostors, and yet are true;
9 as unknown, and yet well known; as dying, and behold, we live; as punished, and yet not killed;
10 as sorrowful, yet always rejoicing; as poor, yet making many rich; as having nothing, yet possessing everything.
11 We have spoken freely to you, Corinthians; our heart is wide open.
12 You are not restricted by us, but you are restricted in your own affections.
13 In return (I speak as to children) widen your hearts also.
The Temple of the Living God
14 Do not be unequally yoked with unbelievers. For what partnership has righteousness with lawlessness? Or what fellowship has light with darkness?
15 What accord has Christ with Belial? Or what portion does a believer share with an unbeliever?
16 What agreement has the temple of God with idols? For we are the temple of the living God; as God said,
“I will make my dwelling among them and walk among them,
and I will be their God,
and they shall be my people.
17 Therefore go out from their midst,
and be separate from them, says the Lord,
and touch no unclean thing;
then I will welcome you,
18 and I will be a father to you,
and you shall be sons and daughters to me,
says the Lord Almighty.”


{% seo %} {% feed_meta %} {% include head/load-css.html %} {% include trackers.html place="head" %} {%- comment -%} Scripts can be loaded ASAP instead of in footer now, with requirejs handling async loading and dependencies {%- endcomment -%} {% include head/scripts.html %}


Javascript Events
When has justice ever been as simple as a rule book? Maybe if we felt any human loss as keenly as we feel one of those close to us, human history would be far less bloody. Could someone survive inside a transporter buffer for 75 years? When has justice ever been as simple as a rule book? Worf, It's better than music. It's jazz. and attack the Romulans. Computer, belay that order. I'll be sure to note that in my log. The look in your eyes, I recognize it. You used to have it for me. Fate protects fools, little children and ships named Enterprise I can't. As much as I care about you, my first duty is to the ship. Computer, lights up! A lot of things can change in twelve years, Admiral. Your head is not an artifact!
When has justice ever been as simple as a rule book? Maybe if we felt any human loss as keenly as we feel one of those close to us, human history would be far less bloody. Could someone survive inside a transporter buffer for 75 years? When has justice ever been as simple as a rule book? Worf, It's better than music. It's jazz. and attack the Romulans. Computer, belay that order. I'll be sure to note that in my log. The look in your eyes, I recognize it. You used to have it for me. Fate protects fools, little children and ships named Enterprise. I can't. As much as I care about you, my first duty is to the ship. Computer, lights up! A lot of things can change in twelve years, Admiral. Your head is not an artifact!


--- layout: post title: High Tea date: 2011-03-06 10:45:56.000000000 -05:00 categories: - Family Life - Gastronomic Explosions - aka Yummy Food/Recipes - The Garden tags: - autumn - Scarlett - Tea party - Tenneille status: publish type: post published: true meta: aktt_notify_twitter: 'no' _edit_last: '1' dsq_thread_id: '1188070226' author: login: cint email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Jacinta first_name: Jacinta last_name: '' ---
We enjoyed a beautiful autumn afternoon in the garden today with tea and homemade goodies. The girls enjoyed rosie tea I made a variation of these biscuits. Greg and I ate yummy fruit bun, straight out of the oven. It was all good until the european wasps decided to join the party. I really wish they hadn't managed to be introduced here. Anyway, we had fun playing ladies and gentleman (Jairah was asleep), as the sun slowly disappeared over the hills. Days like today are never long enough but they also remind me that my girls are growing up so fast and I am trying to make the most of tea parties on the front lawn complete with furry 'pets' and dress-ups. Almost makes me teary. Hope you spent your weekend doing something you love too? Jacintax
[caption id="attachment_607" align="aligncenter" width="500" caption="Waiting,waiting!"][/caption]
[caption id="attachment_608" align="aligncenter" width="500" caption="Definitely refined!"][/caption]
[caption id="attachment_609" align="aligncenter" width="500" caption="I think this might be cup refill number 5"][/caption]


Yes, this means that every reference to
GLOBAL_H
in your code is simply replaced with it's value by the preprocessor
before the compiler runs. So the following code
1 2 3 4 5 6
|
#define VALUE 5
int main()
{
cout << VALUE << endl;
}
| |
would effectively be turned into
1 2 3 4
|
int main()
{
cout << 5 << endl;
}
| |
That said, the value 5 itself must be stored somewhere in the program. So, in summary:
1) GLOBAL_H is not stored in memory like a variable, it is substituted for its value at compile time
2) The value of GLOBAL_H, if used in the program will become part of the program, in the same way that all constants (integer, string literal, etc) in your program will.


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City4Age - Installation: Lecce | User role:
CARE GIVER
| User name:
ANNA LOBONO
DETECTION
INTERVENTION ANNOTATIONS
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Prescriptions History
Prescriptions Legend
State: To be done
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State: Working
The geratrician finished the prescription and the caregiver is working on it.
State: Active
The state of the prescritpion, at temporal level is "active", it means that the caregiver finished working on it and it is on going.
State: Completed
The state of the prescritpion, at temporal level is "completed", it means that the prescription is ended.
Interventions History
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2019 Coca-Cola Christmas Truck Tour Dates
by Tuathla LuceyHolidays are coming...
The Coca-Cola Holiday Truck is back for its ninth year!
Here are all the stops the Coca- Cola truck will be making in Ireland this year.
Saturday, November 30 - Galway Retail Park - 2pm - 8pm
Sunday, December 1 - Royal Hospital Kilmainham, Dublin - 2pm - 8pm
Wednesday, December 4 - Military Barracks, Ballina, Mayo - 2pm - 8pm
Saturday, December 7 - Belfast Custom House - 2pm - 8pm
Sunday, December 8 - Belfast Custom House - 2pm - 8pm
Friday, December 13 - Mahon Point, Cork - 2pm - 8pm
Saturday, December 14 - Waterford Winterval - 2pm - 8pm
Sunday, December 15 - Swords Pavilions, Dublin - 2pm - 8pm
Unfortunately, it won't be stopping in Limerick this year but you can get a good day trip to Galway or Cork & see the Christmas markets!


image_generator module¶
-
image_generator.
deepaugment_image_generator
(X, y, policy, batch_size=64, augment_chance=0.5)[source]¶ Yields batch of images after applying random augmentations from the policy
Each image is augmented by 50% chance. If augmented, one of the augment-chain in the policy is applied. Which augment-chain to apply is chosen randomly.
- Args:
- X (numpy.array): labels (numpy.array): policy (list): list of dictionaries
Returns:
-
image_generator.
zero_pad_and_crop
(img, amount=4)[source]¶ Zero pad by amount zero pixels on each side then take a random crop. Args:
img: numpy image that will be zero padded and cropped. amount: amount of zeros to pad img with horizontally and verically.- Returns:
- The cropped zero padded img. The returned numpy array will be of the same shape as img.


July 25, 2017
9:15 AM
Tamil Nadu is the hottest region in India right now! |
|
|
July 19, 2017
9:30 AM
South west monsoon active over coastal Karnataka, Maharashtra and
Kerala. Heavy rains expected in Bombay in the next 12-24 hours.
Chennai - it will remain partially cloudy with chances of drizzle
this evening / night. |
|
|
July 12, 2017
4:00 PM
Rain may continue for mid and southern part of Tamil Nadu. South of
Chennai, Pondicherry, Cudallore and most of coastal Tamil nadu will
receive sporadic rains. |
|
|
June 20, 2017
9:37AM
Possibility of more rains for Chennai and East coast of Tamil Nadu
and Andhra Pradesh. Rain/drizzle and cloudy conditions will prevail
for at least one more day. |
|
|
Jun 04, 2017
9:45 AM
South West Monsoon clouds near Kerala. Copybook monsoon. |
|
|
May 30, 2017
Storm crossing near Calcutta - Bangladesh. More rains in South
India. Officially we can say South West monsoon has started. Kerala,
mountaneous western ghats, to get lot of rain. Rivers to flow
abundant in the south. |
|
|
Update May 29, 2017 8:00PM
The storm is drifting towards Bangladesh, West Bengal or round about
that area for sure. Chennai received drizzle to mark the end of Agni
Nakshathra period. Bountiful rains for Madurai and South Tamil Nadu.
Rain would be long lasting.
May 28, 2017
9:30 PM
Huge storm has formed in Bay of Bengal. At present we cannot say
where it will head to but my bet will not be on India's east coast.
Stay tuned for further updates.
|
|
|
May 25, 2017
9:45 AM
End of Agni Nakshathra in sight. Keeping up with its tradition,
nature is expected to provide some rainfall to Chennai and Coastal
regions of Tamil Nadu and Andhra. Inner regions of Tamil Nadu have
had their share of summer showers. Conditions ripe for South west
monsoon. |
|
|
May 23, 2017
3:20 PM
With sea wind blowing, Chennai heat has come down. There is a chance
for Chennai and Pondicherry to get some respite from the heat by
summer rains by evening today / tonight or morning tomorrow. |
|
|
May 20 2017
7:00 PM
Heavy rain clouds looming all around Southern Indian Peninsula.
Madurai - finally should be getting some decent rain. Kerala,
Bangalore, Coimbatore should be receiving rain |
|
|
May 18, 17
Indian peninsula is appearing to be covered by rain clouds
completely! Cloudy conditions and rain forecast for entire Tamil
Nadu. |
|
|
May 10, 17
Rain in forecast for North Chennai next 12 hours. Possibility
of rain during the later part of the day today. |
|
|
May 03, 17
9:15 PM
Rain forecast for many regions in Kerala and Cauvery catchment
areas. This trend does not look good for a good South West Monsoon.
Stay tuned. |
|
|
Apr 19, 2017
Cooler India today. Heavy rains possible in Badhrinath, Kedarnath
and Himalayan regions. Conditions indicate an early South West
Monsoon. |
|
|
Apr 18, 17
On World Amateur Radio Day - Thermal map of India at 10:30 AM, shows
areas which are hot as per Meteor M2 Russian Satellite.
Update - 3:30 PM
NOAA 19 American weather satellite shows some regions of India
already reaching 49*C. Chennai is relatively cooler. Kerala,
Bangalore, Coimbatore may receive some rain. |
|
|
Jan 20, 17
9:00 AM
As you can see, the storm has more or less dissipated as it moved
west. Conditions will be cloudy at Chennai and coastal TN with
sporadic drizzles/light rain. Only the Blue/Green portions are rain
bearing. |
|
|
Jan19, 17
9:15 AM
Storm system to the west of Andaman Islands. There are chances for
this storm to head west towards North Tamil Nadu, Chennai is windy
(wind from the sea) as of now, indicating this possiblity.  It will be
interesting to track its movement over the next few days. In all
probabilities, it will cross Chennai region if it becomes a storm in
the next few days.
Click on the picture to see a larger image. |
|
|
Dec 26, 16
9:00 AM
There IS activity in Bay of Bengal. There is another formation. At
present, there are no chances of rain to Tamil Nadu, except may be
drizzles. We have to wait and watch how the system shapes up in the
Bay. |
|
|
Dec 25,16
9:40 AM
The "cloud system" which formed near Andaman Islands few days back
is moving at a quick pace towards Tamil Nadu and expected to bring
rainfall in one or two days. Stay tuned for more updates. |
|
|
Dec 18, 16
2:45 PM
No immediate threat by cyclone. As you can see, the formation near
Andaman has dissipated. Light rain possible in 2-3 days in Tamil
Nadu.
9:15 PM Update
Possiblity of Rain in Coastal Tamil Nadu Starting mid day tomorrow.
|
|
|
Dec 17, 16
2:45PM
Super cyclone formation near Andaman. Further tracking needed.
|
|
|
16 Dec 16
3:00 PM
There is a storm system at Arabian Sea, which may be said as a
remanant of Vardha with some padding.
There is a remote chance of this coming around the peninsula to
eastern Tamil Nadu. Other than this, there are no other rain systems
for now. |
|
|
15 Dec 16
9:15 AM
The cloud mass you see in Arabian sea is actually a remanant of
Vardha cyclone. After crossing 400 miles of land mass, it is
situated in Arabian Sea. It will be interesting to see if it comes
around the peninsula, back to eastern Tamil Nadu.
The new system that formed south of Andaman Islands has moved east
to Indonesia. |
|
|
12 Dec 16
6:15AM
Cyclonic Storm Vardha crossing North Chennai. Rain to continue,
sometimes heavy, with wind speed picking up as day progresses. |
|
|
12 Dec 16
3:00AM
Currently Crossing over Chennai Region. Light rain is currently on,
which will intensify and continue for a day, with wind picking up
speed in a a few hours from now. |
|
|
Dec 11, 2016
6:15 PM
The storm has weakened further and is expected to cross near
Chennai, India. Expected to be windy with rough seas but not much
damage is to expected. Moderate to heavy rain expected in Chennai,
Pondicherry, Cudallore Districts in the south and up to Nellore in
the north. Rains expected to start from tonight and continue for a
day. |
|
|
Dec 11, 2016
6:00 AM
Cyclone has lost some strength, just a little, closing in to Land,
directly East of Chennai. It is now few hours away from the city. |
|
|
Dec 10, 2016
9:30 AM
Storm is very intensified and has moved westwards and situated about
800 Kms directly east of Chennai. Expected to move to little North
of Chennai. Movement speed should pick up from now, which means in
about 2 days from now it will hit the land. |
|
|
Dec 8, 2016
2:45PM
Monstor Storm, moved west of Andamans, so... showing signs to move
to Tamil Nadu. Movement will be slow though. May take 3-4 full days
to get here. |
|
|
Dec 6, 16
The storm has intensified in strength. It is early to comment on its
movement. |
|
|
Dec 4, 16
6:00 PM
Low pressure formation over Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is too
early to predict its movement. |
|
|
Nov 30, 16
6:30 PM
Cyclone Nada Closing in on Coastal Tamil Nadu. Most of the Impact
will be south of Chennai, in Nagapattinam, Vedaranyam area,
widespread rain throughout Tamil Nadu and moderate to heavy rain in
Chennai, Pondicherry, Cudallore, Vedaranyam, Nagapattinam, down
south up to Tuticorin. |
|
|
Nov 19, 16
9:00AM
We have a formation of real NE monsoon clouds over Coastal Tamil
Nadu. Rains expected in a while in regions South of Pondicherry,
Cudallore, mostly in Tanjore district and spread later up to Chennai
In the north. |
|
|
Nov 05, 16
9:00AM
Formation of another low pressure in Bay of Bengal. The previous
storm is still situated, weakened and unable to cross Orissa Coast.
It might move south and merge with the new storm. At present Tamil
Nadu to remain dry and sunny. |
|
|
Nov 04, 16
Sunny at Chennai and most of Eastern Tamil Nadu. Storm appears to be
nearing Vishakapatnam / Orissa coast but MIGHT turn around and head
south along the shoreline. We have to wait and watch. |
|
|
Nov 03, 16
6:00 PM
The storm system has moved little North East and is situated
currently about 650 Kms east of Vishakapatnam. Stay tuned. As of
now, South Tamil Nadu and Kerala to get some rains. At Chennai, it
will be mostly Sunny tomorrow with intermittent cloud bursts. |
|
|
Nov 02, 16
3:00 PM
Good Rains in Cauvery Delta and coastal Tanjore Districts for one
more day.
Secondly, Huge storm system has formed in Bay Of Bengal, near
Andaman islands. This is expected to grow and gain strength.
Movement is too early to predict but my expectation is that it will
cross TN coast. |
|
|


VIDEO: FUTA suspends students over assault
by Oluwakemi AbimbolaThe Federal University of Technology, Akure, has suspended some of its students who were involved in physically assaulting a female student.
In a statement signed by Adegbenro Adebanjo, Deputy Director, FUTA Corporate Communications, which was shared on its verified Facebook page, the university said that the incident happened in an off-campus hostel on Saturday.
Adebanjo said, “The Federal University of Technology Akure, has suspended the students involved in the bullying of a female student in one of the off-campus hostels on Saturday, November 16, 2019 indefinitely from all academic and related activities even as it continues with investigations into the circumstances that led to the odious and unfortunate act.
“In effect, the suspended students are not to be found anywhere in or near the Federal University of Technology Akure.
“The University deplores such behaviour and reiterates that all those found to be culpable will be visited with the full weight of the law under the extant rules and regulations governing students behaviour and conduct off and on the campus at the conclusion of investigation being carried out by the Students Affairs Division.”
The statement added that the university authorities are providing medical and counselling support for the affected student.
A video had trended on social media on Saturday, wherein about four young ladies were seen physically assaulting a fellow student.
There have been lots of reactions trailing the video of the assault.
See video and reactions:


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Today we will discuss the ups and downs of online data collection for science. In addition, we'll take the first step towards running online experiments by creating and account with Amazon Web Services. We'll use this to access Mechanical Turk, but also this gives you access to a range of cloud-based computing tools. We'll also get set up with github, which is a code management/version control system with many useful social features. Finally, I'll show a quick and dirty way to collect data online using Google Forms.
Do online experiments replicate what is found in the lab? Are online workers different than the undergraduate subject pool? How naive to experimental manipulations are online workers?
Getting setup with Amazon Mechanical Turk and github.com.
Simple stuff: Creating a simple web-enabled survey using Google Forms.


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Portfolio
✶
This is my first project named Surprise Me-al. See the deployed link here. Also here is a link to my repositories.
✶
For our second project we went with creating an express Dungeons and Dragons character creator. Creating a character for this table top game can take quite a while if you haven't done it before, so we made this app to help new players get into the game without having to spend a lot of time thinking about their character and just getting right into the game with their friends! See the deployed page here! And the repository here!
This is a random password generator that you can select what characters are used within the password. See the deployed page here. And here is the link to my repo!
✶
This was a simple task of creating a daily planner for the average work day. It allows you to save tasks you have created throughout the day and save those tasks locally and refer back to them when needed. See the deployed page here!Here is the link to the repo!


AS GOOD AS IT GETS A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1997 Steve Rhodes
RATING (0 TO ****): *** 1/2
Writer and director James L. Brooks, who has blessed us with several wonderful films including TERMS OF ENDEARMENT and one of my all time favorite movies, BROADCAST NEWS, gives the world a present this Christmas called AS GOOD AS IT GETS. Few movies live up to their title, but this romantic comedy is indeed just about as good as it gets.
In the story Melvin Udall suffers from an obsessive-compulsive disorder. He will not walk on lines in the sidewalk, which makes strolling down busy Manhattan sidewalks pretty tricky. Walking on tiled floors is almost impossible, too hard to avoid the cracks. When he enters his apartment he locks the door five times and then goes to wash his hands. With a medicine cabinet full of soaps he opens two fresh ones, washes his hands in near-boiling water and discards the soaps afterward.
And if you think that this behavior is bizarre, wait until you see how he treats his fellow human beings.
Melvin, a highly successful romance novelist, lives to insult people and with his own bit of equal opportunity he manages to be obnoxious to everyone with the same fervor. Fawning over him, the receptionist at his publishers asks him, "How do you write women so well?" With a sneer he retorts, "I think of men, and I take away reason and accountability."
Nicholson's performance would remain just a fascinating side-show were it not for the casting of Helen Hunt as Carol Connelly, the only waitress in New York who can tolerate Melvin's behavior. Her reactions to his outlandish conduct and her ability to stand up to him are precious. "Do you have any control over how creepy you can get?" she asks him.
Reportedly Holly Hunter was to have Hunt's role but could not agree on an acceptable salary. As much as I admire Hunter's talents, the other HH actress seems much better suited to the role of a struggling waitress. Never did I think of Hunt as an actress.
 And in a funny little part Cuba Gooding Jr. is Simon's friend Frank Sachs, an antiques dealer, who tries to out macho Melvin but hates having to do it.
As I've suggested before, the difference between a good film and a great one lies in how well it handles the small details. Consider one believable and riotously funny sequence.  When she finally gets a man up to her place, her son's illness interrupts their first caress. Upon returning to her date, his crude fondling attempt ends in a squeal as he notices that she has a little vomit left on her blouse. He beats a fast exit as she realizes that the complexities of being a poor, single mother has done her love life in again.
Another measure of an outstanding film is whether it can break certain motion picture axioms and get away with it. One certainly is that comedies, and most movies for that matter, should come in under two hours. Although this one is over two and a quarter hours long, there simply is nothing to cut. I loved all of the characters and would have been happy to see the movie last another hour. Even the dog (a Brussels Griffon who is the spitting image of Gismo from GREMLINS) sets a new standard for cinematic canine cuteness. (Brooks toyed with the idea of calling the movie, A DOG'S STORY.)
If there is any justice in Hollywood then Nicholson, Hunt and Kinnear will all get Academy Award acting nominations as well as Brooks and his co-writer Mark Andrus for the intelligent script and Brooks for the dead-on directing.
That Melvin and Carol, who could not be more dissimilar, will fall in love is obvious from the movie's setup, but that doesn't make watching it anything less than enthralling. In one of the movie's best scenes, Carol forces a showdown. Either Melvin gives her a compliment, or she walks. "You make me want to be a better man," he tells her while straining every muscle in his face. After a long pause, in which you have no idea how she will react to his strange reply, she reflects, "That's maybe the best compliment of my life."
AS GOOD AS IT GETS runs 2:18. It is rated PG-13 for strong language, mature themes, brief nudity and a beating and would be fine for kids around eleven and up.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


You have one interface Foo
and FooDev
, FooProd
as implementations.
Define two profiles, dev (creates FooDev) and production (creates FooProd).
Activate one profile via Java code or the spring system property.
Environment abstraction docs


Zombie ipsum reversus ab viral inferno, nam rick grimes malum cerebro. De carne lumbering animata corpora quaeritis. Summus brains sit , morbo vel maleficia? De apocalypsi gorger omero undead survivor dictum mauris. Hi mindless mortuis soulless creaturas, imo evil stalking monstra adventus resi dentevil vultus comedat cerebella viventium
What, you think this isn't real just because of all the vampires, and demons, and ex-vengeance demons, and the sister that used to be a big ball of universe-destroying energy? It was the pioneer days; people had to make their own interrogation rooms. Out of cornmeal. Frankly, it's ludicrous to have these interlocking bodies and not...interlock
Cat ipsum dolor sit amet, hunt anything that moves or hopped up on goofballs hide when guests come over. Hide when guests come over intrigued by the shower, or stare at ceiling climb leg for stretch and use lap as chair. Hunt anything that moves flop over, leave dead animals as gifts for chase imaginary bugs, chase mice for stare at ceiling yet hopped up on goofballs


+++ draft = false date = "2008-11-23T21:13:23-02:00" title = "Moving to Intrepid and KDE 4.1" tags = ["rants", "GUI", "Ubuntu"] created = "2008-11-23T20:43:30-02:00" modified = "2008-11-24T11:41:59-02:00" permaLink = "http://play.pixelblaster.ro/blog/archive/2008/11/23/moving-to-intrepid-and-kde-4.1" author = "Tiberiu Ichim" aliases = [ "/blog/archive/2008/11/23/moving-to-intrepid-and-kde-4.1" ] +++
I've migrated my laptop (my main workstation, these days) and I've done a complete migration to the KDE 4.1 desktop. Things are not perfect, (on the old KDE 3.5 I'd say things were 99% according to my tastes), but I'm trying to accomodate and find replacements. I didn't like the KDE 4.1 launcher at first and I've even tested Launcelot for a while, but now I'm back to the default menu and I'm starting to like it (on 3.5 I was using Tasty Menu).
I'm using Scultptura style with the Scultura-Stone color scheme and Sculptura window decoration. I needed to add another plasmoid from kde-look, the panel spacer, to make the systray smaller and separate the buttons on the right side to those on the left.
Things that I'm missing:
Things that I'm happy with:


{{/* doc: Include an HTML file. The filename is specified relative to the root path. {{< include-html "static/example.html" >}} */}} {{ $file := .Get 0 }} {{ $file | readFile | safeHTML }}


Spotify Buddy Let's Do This Get My Playlists Gathering Playlists Get Songs Gathering Saved Songs Gathering Playlist Songs Gathering Some More Data Enter Filter Fields Enter Year Enter Month Enter Day Enter Number of Artists On Track Select Genre Select One... Enter Genre Keyword Search Song Titles Search Album Titles Search Artists Titles Remove Explicit Songs?  Successfully Updated Playlist! Saving Playlist Compare Users Filtered Songs Save as Playlist Saving Playlist Successfully Saved Playlist to Your Account! Log in as another User


|
Class Summary |
| chargen |
This is an example program demonstrating how to use the CharGenTCPClient
and CharGenUDPClient classes. |
| daytime |
This is an example program demonstrating how to use the DaytimeTCP
and DaytimeUDP classes. |
| echo |
This is an example program demonstrating how to use the EchoTCPClient
and EchoUDPClient classes. |
| finger |
This is an example of how you would implement the finger command
in Java using NetComponents. |
| ftp |
This is an example program demonstrating how to use the FTPClient class. |
| fwhois |
This is an example of how you would implement the Linux fwhois command
in Java using NetComponents. |
| IOUtil |
This is a utility class providing a reader/writer capability required
by the weatherTelnet, rexec, rshell, and rlogin example programs. |
| mail |
This is an example program using the SMTP package to send a message
to the specified recipients. |
| messages |
This is an example program demonstrating how to use the POP3Client class. |
| PrintCommandListener |
This is a support class for some of the example programs. |
| rdate |
This is an example program demonstrating how to use the TimeTCPClient
and TimeUDPClient classes. |
| rexec |
This is an example program demonstrating how to use the RExecClient class. |
| rlogin |
This is an example program demonstrating how to use the RLoginClient
class. |
| rshell |
This is an example program demonstrating how to use the RCommandClient
class. |
| server2serverFTP |
This is an example program demonstrating how to use the FTPClient class. |
| TelnetClientExample |
This is a simple example of use of TelnetClient. |
| tftp |
This is an example of a simple Java tftp client using NetComponents. |
| weatherTelnet |
This is an example of a trivial use of the TelnetClient class. |


abstract class Operation<T> : Module
An operation has an Arity and some function that it can perform on Arguments given to it.
Operations are specified as Modules, meaning that custom operations can be implemented and use when generating instructions for an individual in the population.
Operations should have some representation with them, so that the operation that they convey can be expressed in a textual form.
T
- Type of arguments that the operation operates on.
arity
- How many arguments the operations function takes.
func
- A function mapping arguments to some value.
Operation(arity: Arity, func: Function<T>)
An operation has an Arity and some function that it can perform on Arguments given to it. |
val arity: Arity
How many arguments the operations function takes. |
|
val func: Function<T>
A function mapping arguments to some value. |
|
abstract val representation: String
A way to express an operation in a textual format. |
abstract val information: ModuleInformation
Provides information about the module. |
abstract fun execute(arguments: Arguments<T>): T
Executes an operation in some way. Generally this would simply involve applying the function the operation represents to the arguments given. |
abstract class BinaryOperation<T> : Operation<T>
An operation that has an arity of two (i.e. its function takes 2 arguments). |
|
abstract class UnaryOperation<T> : Operation<T>
An operation that has an arity of one (i.e. its function takes 1 argument). |


Hello! My name is Tomomi.
I am a native New Yorker and Brooklynite. My passion is to build and design websites.
My Skills:
HTML5 - CSS - Javascript - Responsive web development - Flexbox - Web design -
Adobe XD - Adobe Illustrator - Adobe Photoshop - Adobe InDesign - GitHub
My loves:
On my free time you can find me cooking, sewing, spending time with best
friends, biking or doing karaoke. Oh, and checking out different cuisines. I am a total foodie.
Favorite food:
Japanese gyoza (fried dumplings) at a favorite restaurant in Ginza Tokyo.
Coding:
I am on a front-end developer track with Skillcrush. I am passionate about coding
and design and a believer of life-long learning.
Wanna to learn about my services? Let's chat!


Introduction
Much has been said about the Simpson’s paradox, the famous statistic paradox that leads to reversing association when adding or removing a covariate.
My intention in this post is not to explain the paradox, as many have done it already before me, instead I just provide an illustration to set the context, and then I focus on how to forge data that leads to this paradox.
This post is named after a very inspiring article by Jakob Cohen [1], explaining how the null hypothesis significance testing is misunderstood and misused, although it is the bread and butter of tens of thousands of statisticians around the world.
The post is also inspired by David Louapre’s Science Etonnante(in french) excellent blog.
An example of Simpson’s paradox
Let’s look at a real study performed in the seventies in a UK village [2]. The researchers surveyed women, smoking and non smoking. They then reported the percentage of women still alive 20 years later.
The result was the following:
The data shows that the mortality was lower amongst the smokers. How surprising! Something must have gone wrong.
Indeed, if we refine the data and add a covariate, i.e. we now distinguish between classes of age, we see this:
(smokers are in red, non smokers in pink)
What we now observe is that mortality has generally been higher for the smokers than for the non smokers. Sounds more in line we what we expected, doesn’t it?
So what happened? Well, that’s an illustration of the simpson’s paradox. The paradox may happen when an important covariate (factor that has in influence on the result) is missing, and generally under specific circumpstances with unbalanced group sizes (non homogeneity).
There are multiple examples of this paradox appearing in real life situation, including the famous UCI Berkeley students’ admission discrimination case. At first glance, it that appeared the admission ratio for male applicants was higher than that of female applicants (44% versus 35%). However, when splitting data by major, the results no longer showed any discrimination as the admission ratio was approximately similar for both male and females. See this excellent article for more.
The original data
I got interested in forging data whilst studying linear regression. I worked on a small group project and wanted to come up with a striking example, which although it would have coefficients of statistical significance, the regression woud lead to wrong conclusion.
I started with the first study mentionned above (smoking/non smoking). The raw data is presented below
# Initialize environment
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
from __future__ import division
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
%matplotlib inline
# Load the data from the original study
data = pd.read_csv("./smoking.data",delim_whitespace=True)
data
| id | age | smoker | alive | dead | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 18-24 | 1 | 53 | 2 |
| 1 | 2 | 18-24 | 0 | 61 | 1 |
| 2 | 3 | 25-34 | 1 | 121 | 3 |
| 3 | 4 | 25-34 | 0 | 152 | 5 |
| 4 | 5 | 35-44 | 1 | 95 | 14 |
| 5 | 6 | 35-44 | 0 | 114 | 7 |
| 6 | 7 | 45-54 | 1 | 103 | 27 |
| 7 | 8 | 45-54 | 0 | 66 | 12 |
| 8 | 9 | 55-64 | 1 | 64 | 51 |
| 9 | 10 | 55-64 | 0 | 81 | 40 |
| 10 | 11 | 65-74 | 1 | 7 | 29 |
| 11 | 12 | 65-74 | 0 | 28 | 101 |
| 12 | 13 | 75+ | 1 | 0 | 13 |
| 13 | 14 | 75+ | 0 | 0 | 64 |
The data could not be visualised as a scatter plot and neither was it possible to fit a regression line. So I decided to forge it.
Forging a simple example
Let’s “study” the hypothetical effect of smoking on libido.
The idea is to create several separate clouds of points. Each cloud, regressed independantly will have a negative coefficients.
But each cloud is located in such a way that is the regression happens on the whole cloud of points, the regression take place in the other direction
# Forge the data
import random
# Male data cloud
# xm: abscissa data, em = randomness for the ordinate, ym = ordianate, sexm = label
xm = [random.randint(18,35) for _ in range(40)]
em = [np.random.normal(0,7)+5 for _ in range(40)]
ym = [10-.5*xm[i]+em[i] for i in range(40)]
sexm = ["Male" for _ in range(40)]
# Female data cloud
# xf: abscissa data, ef = randomness for the ordinate, yf = ordianate, sexf = label
xf = [random.randint(0,22) for _ in range(40)]
ef = [np.random.normal(0,5) for _ in range(40)]
yf = [-5-.75*xf[i]+ef[i] for i in range(40)]
sexf = ["Female" for _ in range(40)]
# Concatenate the male and female data to be able to display aggregated clouds
xt = xm + xf
yt = ym + yf
sext = sexm + sexf
Let’s display the whole data cloud, without differentiating by sex.
import seaborn as sns
x=xt
y=yt
sex=sext
sns.set(style="ticks", context="talk")
data = {"x":xt,"y":yt,"sex":sext}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
g = sns.lmplot(x="x",y="y",data=df)
g.set_axis_labels("Number of cigarettes per day", "% variation of libido")
plt.show()
The line seems to indicate a positive correlation between smoking a libido: the more the smoke, the more libido you have.
Now let’s add our age covariate.
f = sns.lmplot(x="x",y="y",hue="sex",data=df)
f.set_axis_labels("Number of cigarettes per day", "% variation of libido")
plt.show()
That now looks more as expected… smoking has a negative effect on both groups when taken separately!
Note that in the two graphs, the clouds of points in exactly the same!
Final check… in the first graph, was our coefficient statistically significant?
import statsmodels.api as sm
x_fit = sm.add_constant(x) # Without it intercept is excluded
model = sm.OLS(y, x_fit).fit()
predictions = model.predict(x_fit)
print(model.summary())
OLS Regression Results
==============================================================================
Dep. Variable: y R-squared: 0.111
Model: OLS Adj. R-squared: 0.099
Method: Least Squares F-statistic: 9.718
Date: Sat, 19 Nov 2016 Prob (F-statistic): 0.00255
Time: 22:41:26 Log-Likelihood: -300.52
No. Observations: 80 AIC: 605.0
Df Residuals: 78 BIC: 609.8
Df Model: 1
Covariance Type: nonrobust
==============================================================================
coef std err t P>|t| [95.0% Conf. Int.]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
const -12.6647 2.636 -4.804 0.000 -17.913 -7.417
x1 0.3917 0.126 3.117 0.003 0.142 0.642
==============================================================================
Omnibus: 2.345 Durbin-Watson: 1.591
Prob(Omnibus): 0.310 Jarque-Bera (JB): 2.253
Skew: -0.340 Prob(JB): 0.324
Kurtosis: 2.538 Cond. No. 47.2
==============================================================================
Warnings:
[1] Standard Errors assume that the covariance matrix of the errors is correctly specified.
x1 coefficient has a p value of 0.003, which is significant if we reject the null hypothesis for p<0.05 !
Forging a multi-class example
This second example uses the same technic as previously, but splits into 3 classes.
# Forge the data
import random
# Age group 15-34
x1 = [random.randint(12,40) for _ in range(40)]
e1 = [np.random.normal(0,6) for _ in range(40)]
y1 = [82-.15*x1[i]+e1[i] for i in range(40)]
age1 = ["15-34" for _ in range(40)]
# Age group 35-54
x2 = [random.randint(5,30) for _ in range(40)]
e2 = [np.random.normal(0,5) for _ in range(40)]
y2 = [75-.3*x2[i]+e2[i] for i in range(40)]
age2 = ["35-54" for _ in range(40)]
# Age group 55+
x3 = [random.randint(0,30) for _ in range(40)]
e3 = [np.random.normal(0,4) for _ in range(40)]
y3 = [68-.45*x3[i]+e3[i] for i in range(40)]
age3 = ["55+" for _ in range(40)]
# Concatenate all the groups data to be able to display aggregated clouds
x4 = x1 + x2 + x3
y4 = y1 + y2 + y3
age4 = age1 + age2 + age3
Again, let’s look at the aggregated data (unexepected result), split with covariate (expected result) and the significance factor.
# Display the data without the confounding factor
x=x4
y=y4
age=age4
sns.set(style="ticks", context="talk")
data = {"x":x,"y":y,"age":age}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
g = sns.lmplot(x="x",y="y",data=df)
g.set_axis_labels("Number of cigarettes per day", "Life expectancy")
plt.show()
# Show the same data with confounding factor
f = sns.lmplot(x="x",y="y",hue="age",data=df)
f.set_axis_labels("Number of cigarettes per day", "Life expectancy")
plt.show()
# Show the significance of the coefficient
import statsmodels.api as sm
x_fit = sm.add_constant(x) # Without it intercept is excluded
model = sm.OLS(y, x_fit).fit()
predictions = model.predict(x_fit)
print(model.summary())
OLS Regression Results
==============================================================================
Dep. Variable: y R-squared: 0.067
Model: OLS Adj. R-squared: 0.059
Method: Least Squares F-statistic: 8.491
Date: Sat, 19 Nov 2016 Prob (F-statistic): 0.00427
Time: 22:43:39 Log-Likelihood: -425.24
No. Observations: 120 AIC: 854.5
Df Residuals: 118 BIC: 860.0
Df Model: 1
Covariance Type: nonrobust
==============================================================================
coef std err t P>|t| [95.0% Conf. Int.]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
const 65.4403 1.695 38.598 0.000 62.083 68.798
x1 0.2350 0.081 2.914 0.004 0.075 0.395
==============================================================================
Omnibus: 0.616 Durbin-Watson: 1.230
Prob(Omnibus): 0.735 Jarque-Bera (JB): 0.716
Skew: 0.014 Prob(JB): 0.699
Kurtosis: 2.623 Cond. No. 46.3
==============================================================================
Warnings:
[1] Standard Errors assume that the covariance matrix of the errors is correctly specified.
Generate an example with double paradox
# Forge the data
import random
ar = (8,10)
nr = (10,8)
ap = (15,5)
nP = (17,10)
std = 2
# Male/Smoker
xap = [random.randint(ap[0]-2,ap[0]+2) for _ in range(40)]
e = [np.random.normal(0,1) for _ in range(40)]
yap = [ap[1]+e[i]-1*(xap[i]-np.min(xap)) for i in range(40)]
sap = ["Tobacco" for _ in range(40)]
aap = ["Male" for _ in range(40)]
lap = ["Tobacco + Male" for _ in range(40)]
# Female/Smoker
xnp = [random.randint(nP[0]-2,nP[0]+2) for _ in range(40)]
e = [np.random.normal(0,1) for _ in range(40)]
ynp = [nP[1]+e[i]-1*(xnp[i]-np.min(xnp)) for i in range(40)]
snp = ["Tobacco" for _ in range(40)]
anp = ["Female" for _ in range(40)]
lnp = ["Tobacco + Female" for _ in range(40)]
# Male/E-cigarette
xar = [random.randint(ar[0]-2,ar[0]+2) for _ in range(40)]
e = [np.random.normal(0,1) for _ in range(40)]
yar = [ar[1]+e[i]+.2*(xar[i]-np.min(xar)) for i in range(40)]
sar = ["E cigarettes" for _ in range(40)]
aar = ["Male" for _ in range(40)]
lar = ["E cigarettes + Male" for _ in range(40)]
# Female/E-cigarette
xnr = [random.randint(nr[0]-2,nr[0]+2) for _ in range(40)]
e = [np.random.normal(0,1) for _ in range(40)]
ynr = [nr[1]+e[i]+.2*(xnr[i]-np.min(xnr)) for i in range(40)]
snr = ["E cigarettes" for _ in range(40)]
anr = ["Female" for _ in range(40)]
lnr = ["E cigarettes + Female" for _ in range(40)]
x = xap + xnp + xar + xnr
y = yap + ynp + yar + ynr
s = sap + snp + sar + snr
a = aap + anp + aar + anr
l = lap + lnp + lar + lnr
Let’s look at our overall data. Does smoking tobacco or e-cigarettes impact your health?
# Display without confounding factor
data = {"x":x,"y":y,"smoke":s,"athlet":a,"label":l}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
f = sns.lmplot(x="x",y="y",data=df)
f.set_axis_labels("Number of cigarettes per day", "% very healthy people")
plt.show()
Ok, so far so good, it looks like smoking damages your health as expected.
Let’s add a covariate and split by what people smoke.
# Display woth one confounding factor
f = sns.lmplot(x="x",y="y",hue="smoke",data=df)
f.set_axis_labels("Number of cigarettes per day", "% very healthy people")
plt.show()
Uh-oh! Now it appears tobacco is having a positive effect on health, whereas e-cigarettes are slightly harmful. Strange isn’t it?
Let’s add again one more covariate!
# Display with two confounding factors
f = sns.lmplot(x="x",y="y",hue="label",data=df)
f.set_axis_labels("Number of cigarettes per day", "% very healthy people")
plt.show()
Now we see a double reversal of the simpson’s paradox! By adding successively new covariates, we were able to obtain successively very different results!
Conclusion
As we just saw, you can get a lot out of data, pretty much you can get them to tell anything you want!
So as a data scientist, you need to be aware of the Simpson’s paradox so you can spot it when it occurs, that’s a no brainer.
But most of all, it shows the importance of being a subject matter expert, or working with one, of area/data you want to process.
References
[1] Cohen. “The earth is round, p<0.05” The American Psychologist 49.12 (1994): 997-1003
[2] Appleton, David R., Joyce M. French, and Mark PJ Vanderpump. “Ignoring a covariate: An example of Simpson’s paradox.” The American Statistician 50.4 (1996): 340-341.


- getArticoliInCarrello() - Method in class model.ShoppingCart
-
Returns the list of products in the cart
- getBrands() - Static method in class dao.QueriesDAO
-
Queries the database looking for all the brands
- getCAP() - Method in class model.DeliveryPoint
-
Returns the postal code of the delivery point
- getCF() - Method in class model.User
-
Returns the fiscal code of the user
- getCitta() - Method in class model.DeliveryPoint
-
Returns the city of the delivery point
- getCittaDiResidenza() - Method in class model.User
-
Returns the city in which the user lives
- getCivico() - Method in class model.DeliveryPoint
-
Returns the house number of the delivery point
- getClassificazione() - Method in class model.Product
-
Returns the classification of the product
- getCognome() - Method in class model.User
-
Returns the surname of the user
- getCredenziali() - Method in class model.Payment
-
Returns the credentials of the payment method
- getCredenzialiCensurate() - Method in class model.Payment
-
Returns the censored credentials of the payment method
- getDataInserimento() - Method in class model.Product
-
Returns product insertion date
- getDeliveryPoint() - Method in class model.User
-
Returns the list of delivery points
- getDeliveryPointsFromDatabase(String) - Static method in class dao.DeliveryPointDAO
-
Queries the database in search of all the delivery points of the indicated user
- getDescrizione() - Method in class model.Product
-
Returns the description of the product
- getFinalPriceFromPurchase() - Method in class model.Purchase
-
Returns the final price of the shopping cart, i.e. the sum of the products purchased
- getFromDatabase(UUID) - Static method in class dao.ProductDAO
-
Returns a Product object with the indicated ID
- getFromDatabase(UUID) - Static method in class dao.PurchaseDAO
-
Returns a Purchase object with the indicated ID
- getID() - Method in class model.Product
-
Returns the ID of the product
- getIDPurchase() - Method in class model.Purchase
-
Returns the ID of the purchase
- getImage(int) - Method in class model.Product
-
- getInstrumentType() - Static method in class dao.QueriesDAO
-
Queries the database looking for all the instrument types
- getIPInserimento() - Method in class model.Product
-
Returns the IP address of who created the product
- getListOfProductsPurchased() - Method in class model.Purchase
-
Returns the list of products purchased
- getLivelloConsigliato() - Method in class model.Product
-
Returns the suggested level for the product
- getMail() - Method in class model.User
-
Returns the user mail
- getMarca() - Method in class model.Product
-
Returns the brand of the product
- getMetodoDiConsegnaFromPurchase() - Method in class model.Purchase
-
Returns the delivery method of the purchase
- getNome() - Method in class model.Product
-
Returns the name of the product
- getNome() - Method in class model.User
-
Returns the name of the user
- getNomeMetodo() - Method in class model.Payment
-
Returns the name of the payment method
- getNomeUtente() - Method in class model.User
-
Returns the nickname of the user
- getNumberOfItems() - Method in class model.ShoppingCart
-
Returns the total number of items in the cart, adding the number of item of every product.
- getNumeroCellulare() - Method in class model.User
-
Returns the private telephone number of the user if exists, otherwise returns N/A
- getNumeroPezziDisponibili() - Method in class model.Product
-
Returns the number of available pieces of that product
- getNumeroPezziMinimo() - Method in class model.Product
-
Returns the minimum number of pieces needed to the discount to be applied
- getNumeroProdotto() - Method in class model.ProductInCart
-
Returns the number of items of that product in the cart
- getNumeroTelefono() - Method in class model.User
-
Returns the telephone number of the user
- getPassword() - Method in class model.User
-
Returns the encrypted password of the user
- getPayment() - Method in class model.User
-
Returns the list of payment methods
- getPaymentFromPurchase() - Method in class model.Purchase
-
Returns the payment method of the purchase
- getPaymentsFromDatabase(String) - Static method in class dao.PaymentDAO
-
Queries the database in search of all the payment methods of the indicated user
- getPeso() - Method in class model.Product
-
Returns the weight of the product
- getPrezzo() - Method in class model.Product
-
Returns the price of the product
- getPrezzo() - Method in class model.ProductInCart
-
Returns the total price for that kind of product, based on the number of that item;
The total price is discounted if the product have a discount percentage and if the number of items reach the application threshold.
- getProduct() - Method in class model.ProductInCart
-
Returns the product
- getProducts(Boolean, String, String, String, String, String) - Static method in class dao.QueriesDAO
-
Queries the database looking for all the products with the indicated filters
- getProductType() - Method in class model.Product
-
Returns the string indicating the product type: s for scholastic product, p for professional product, c otherwise
- getPuntoDiConsegnaFromPurchase() - Method in class model.Purchase
-
Returns the delivery point of the purchase
- getPurchase() - Method in class model.User
-
Returns the purchase list of the user
- getPurchase(int) - Method in class model.User
-
Returns the purchase of the indicated index in the list
- getPurchase(Date) - Method in class model.User
-
Deprecated.
- getPurchaseDate() - Method in class model.Purchase
-
Returns the date of purchase
- getPurchaseIP() - Method in class model.Purchase
-
Returns the IP of the client
- getPurchaseTime() - Method in class model.Purchase
-
Returns the time of purchase
- getSconto() - Method in class model.Product
-
Returns the discount rate
- getShoppingCart() - Method in class model.User
-
Returns the shopping cart
- getShoppingCartFromDatabase(User, String) - Static method in class dao.ShoppingCartDAO
-
Queries the database in search of the shopping cart of the indicated user
- getTipo() - Method in class model.User
-
Returns the type of the user
- getTotalPrice() - Method in class model.ShoppingCart
-
Returns the total price of the items in the shopping cart
- getTotalPrice() - Method in class model.User
-
Returns the total price of the items in the shopping cart
- getUser(String, String) - Static method in class dao.UserDAO
-
Queries the database and returns the user with the indicated ID, if the password is correct
- getUserMailFromDelPoint() - Method in class model.DeliveryPoint
-
Returns the mail of the user
- getUserMailFromPayment() - Method in class model.Payment
-
Returns the mail of the user
- getUserMailFromPurchase() - Method in class model.Purchase
-
Returns the mail of the user
- getUserMailFromShopCart() - Method in class model.ShoppingCart
-
Returns the mail of the user that owns the shopping cart
- getVia() - Method in class model.DeliveryPoint
-
Returns the address of the delivery point


|
Bond 0.9
C++ Bond Runtime Library API Documentation
|
#include <bond/tools/nativebindinggenerator.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| void | Generate (const TranslationUnit *translationUnitList, OutputStream &cppStream, OutputStream &hStream, const char *collectionName, const char *includeName) |
| void Bond::NativeBindingGenerator::Generate | ( | const TranslationUnit * | translationUnitList, |
| OutputStream & | cppStream, | ||
| OutputStream & | hStream, | ||
| const char * | collectionName, | ||
| const char * | includeName | ||
| ) |


Try out our Premium Member services: Virtual Legal Assistant, Query Alert Service and an ad-free experience. Free for one month and pay only if you like it.
BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT DATED: 11.06.2015 CORAM THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE S.NAGAMUTHU Crl.R.C.(MD)NO.215 of 2015 M/s.Romana Distillery Industries Pvt. Ltd Rep. By its Manager, Sanal K.S. No.5/1 Thirukkurungudi Post Tirunelveli District Tamil Nadu .. Revision Petitioner Vs. The District Magistrate and District Collector, Tirunelveli District, Tirunelveli. .. Respondent Prayer Criminal Revision Petition filed under Section 397 r/w 401 Cr.P.C., to call for the records relating to the order passed by the respondent in his proceedings Roc.No.C3/48935/2014 dated 18.04.2015 and set aside the same as illegal. !For Petitioner :: Mr.K.M.Vijayan Senior counsel for Mr.B.Saravanan ^For Respondent :: Mr.P.Kannithevan Govt. Advocate (crl. side) :ORDER
The petitioner is a company known as M/s.Romana Distillery Industries Private Ltd. The said company is engaged in the manufacturing of packaged drinking water. For the said purpose, the petitioner company has dug a Well in the land comprised in S.Nos.42/1 and 42/3A at Magilady Village, Tirunelveli District, for drawing water from the said Well for the said business purpose. The petitioner applied for No Objection Certificate from the Water Resources Department, Government of Tamil Nadu. The Chief Engineer, State Ground and Surface Water Resources Data Centre, Chennai, issued a certificate in Certificate No.423/NOC/Chennai/2014 dated 11.09.2014 expressing no objection for drawal of a total quantity of 10,000 litres per day from the said Well for the purpose of packaged drinking water. The petitioner further claims that he also applied for consent from the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board for the said purpose. The District Environmental Engineer, Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, Tirunelveli by his proceedings in No.F.TNV1430/GS/A/2014 dated 14.11.2014 has authorised the said company to establish the industry in the site mentioned and to operate the same. The Department of Industry and Commerce has also granted permission for the petitioner for doing the packaged drinking water manufacturing as per Form No.2014/33/029/18659/PRDT. According to the petitioner, though he has satisfied all the legal formalities in getting either no objection or permission from the various authorities, the manufacturing process has not yet been commenced.
2. While so, the respondent issued a show cause notice under Notice No.C3/48935/14 dated 30.12.2014 purportedly under Section 133 of the Code of Criminal Procedure calling upon him to show cause as to why he should not be restrained from doing the said business by drawing water from the Well. The petitioner submitted a detailed reply on 08.01.2015, wherein, he had stated that he had already obtained all necessary orders granting permission or no objection from the various authorities and that the manufacturing had not yet been commenced. Yet another notice was subsequently issued by the District Collector on 12.01.2015 in No.C3/48935/2014 that was challenged by the petitioner before this Court by way of writ petition in W.P.(MD) No.3093 of 2015 and this Court by order dated 09.03.2015 disposed of the said petition with a direction to the petitioner to appear before the District Collector on 10.03.2015 and submit his detailed reply and with a further direction to the authorities concerned to consider the same and to pass appropriate orders. In pursuance of the same, the petitioner appeared before the respondent and submitted relevant records such as the orders obtained from various authorities and also explained to the District Collector that he had not commenced the manufacturing. He further submitted that since drawal of water from the Well is going to be done in accordance with the orders obtained from the various authorities, it will not amount to nuisance in terms of Section 133 Cr.P.C.
3. Having considered all the above, the respondent, by his proceedings in RoC.No.C3/48935/2014 dated 18.04.2015, has passed the final order under Section 133 of the Code, thereby prohibiting drawal of ground water by the petitioner company through the new open Well or bore well or in any other manner. The District Collector has also ordered for the closure of the Unit. He has further directed the Tahsildar, Nanguneri to ensure the closure of the Unit and disconnection of electricity for the purpose of drawal of water. It is this order, which is under challenge in this revision.
4. In this revision, the learned Senior Counsel raised three grounds among other grounds.
(1) The first and foremost ground is that when the drawal of water is going to be performed in accordance with the orders issued by various authorities under atleast four enactments governing the field, the District Collector has got no jurisdiction to invoke his power under Section 133 of the Code, as the drawal of water in accordance with the above orders would not amount to nuisance in terms of Section 133 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
(2) He would further submit that when the drawal of water had not yet been commenced, question of issuing any order under Section 133 of the Code would not arise.
(3) He would further submit that in this case, no preliminary order under Section 133(1) of the Code was passed and therefore, the impugned order, which is a final order under Section 133 of the Code is wholly without jurisdiction and the same is vitiated. For this proposition, the learned Senior counsel relies on a judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in C.A.Avarachan vs. C.V.Sreenivasan and another reported in (1996) 7 SCC 71.
5. A detailed counter has been filed by the respondent, wherein, he has stated that drawal of water from the Well for the purpose of business would ruin the life of the Farmers in that area as the water in the nearby lakes would deplete. It is further stated that only after holding enquiry, the impugned order has been passed. It is also stated that it is the duty of the revenue authorities to maintain the water bodies and since in the instant case, drawal of water from the Well will result in decrease of water in the lakes, the impugned order came to be passed.
6. The learned Government Advocate (Crl. Side) for the respondent would submit that it is true that there was no preliminary order passed as required under Section 133(1) of the Code, but that would not automatically vitiate the entire subsequent proceedings including the impugned order. According to him, passing of such preliminary order, is purely a procedure and the same does not touch upon the jurisdiction of the Magistrate. He would further submit that the petitioner did not raise any objection regarding the fact that there was no preliminary order passed and instead he submitted to the jurisdiction of the Magistrate by participating in the proceedings and therefore, it is too late in the day for him to raise such objection that there was no such preliminary order as required under Section 133(1) of the Code. The learned Government Advocate would further submit that the impugned order has been passed in public interest and therefore, the same need not be interfered with by this Court.
7. I have considered the above submissions and I have also perused the records carefully.
8. As I already narrated, admittedly, the petitioner has dug a Well in the land in question and he has proposed to draw water from the Well for the purpose of manufacturing packaged drinking water. However, such drawal of water is governed by certain enactments such as Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. As rightly contended by the learned Senior Counsel, when these three enactments govern the field and when the business is going to be done after completing all the legal formalities as required under these enactments, invoking the power under Section 133 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which is a general enactment, is not legal. When the petitioner has obtained orders under these enactments from the appropriate authorities, he has got every right to do the business strictly in terms of these orders. If the District Collector or anybody else has got any grievance regarding these orders, it is always open for the individual or the District Collector to approach the statutory authorities or other authorities under these enactments for withdrawal of these orders. It is not as though the orders upon which reliance has been made by the petitioner have been issued by responsible statutory authorities. Unless and until, these orders are cancelled or varied, the petitioner has got every right to do the business strictly in terms of these orders. Therefore, as rightly contended by the learned counsel for the petitioner, the action of the District Collector in passing the impugned order purportedly under Section 133 of the Code of Criminal Procedure is wholly without jurisdiction and the same cannot be allowed to sustain.
9. Now turning to the next contention of the learned Senior Counsel, Sub Section (1) of Section 133 of the Code of Criminal Procedure states that the Executive Magistrate, either from a police report or from any other information and on taking such evidence, as he thinks fit, has to necessarily pass a conditional order requiring the person carrying on such trade or occupation etc., to desist from doing so, provided carrying on such trade or occupation is found to be injurious to the health or the physical comfort of the community and by fixing a time limit for obedience.
10. Under Section 136 of the Code, if such person does not perform such Act or appear and show cause, he shall be liable to the penalty prescribed in that behalf in Section 188 of the Indian Penal Code and the order shall be made absolute.
11. For any reason, if he does not oppose the order within the time prescribed in the preliminary order and obeys the order then, the order shall be made absolute on the expiry of the said date. For any reason, if the person against whom such preliminary order has been passed raises objection, he should be afforded opportunity and thereafter as required under Section 138(1) of the Code, he should be allowed to let in further evidence, as in a summons case. On the basis of such evidence, the Executive Magistrate has to decide whether to make the preliminary order absolute with or without modification or not. Thus, both while passing the preliminary order as well as while passing the final order, the issue is one and the same. If only such a preliminary order, which is a conditional order, has been passed, question of making it absolute will arise. In the absence of a preliminary order, there will be no occasion for the Executive Magistrate to make any order absolute. In other words, in the absence of a preliminary order, no final order as required under Sections 133 and 138 of the Code could be passed.
12. In C.A.Avarachan's case, the Hon'ble Supreme Court had dealt with the issue as to whether the final order made under Section 138 of the Code will stand vitiated on account of the fact that there was no preliminary order passed under sub Section (1) of Section 133 of the Code. After making elaborate discussion in respect of the scope of a preliminary order under Section 133(1) of the Code and the consequences of the failure of the authority to pass such an order, the Hon'ble Supreme Court in paragraph Nos.4 and 5 has held as follows:
?4.In our opinion the omission on the part of the Sub-Divisional Magistrate to draw up a preliminary order, which is a sine qua non for initiating proceedings under Section 133 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and without following the procedure provided for by Section 138 Cr.P.C., the order made by the Sub Divisional Magistrate on 13.01.1988 is unsustainable and is vitiated. The High Court fell in error in not properly appreciating the effect of non-compliance with the mandatory requirements of drawing up a preliminary order before proceedings under Section 133 Cr.P.C. Neither the order of the High Court nor that of the Sub-Divisional Magistrate can therefore, be sustained.
5.This appeal consequently succeeds and is allowed. The orders of the Sub Divisional Magistrate dated 13.01.1986 and of the High Court dated 2.6.1989 are hereby set aside.
13. In the instant case, admittedly, there was no such preliminary order passed at all as required under Section 133(1) of the Code. Thus, as held by the Hon'ble Supreme Court, the entire subsequent proceedings including the impugned order is wholly without jurisdiction. As held by the Hon'ble Supreme Court, passing of a preliminary order as required under Sub Section (1) of Section 133 alone gives jurisdiction to the Magistrate to proceed further to hold enquiry and to pass a final order. Since in the instant case, the impugned order is only a final order, which has been passed without being preceded by a preliminary order, the same stands vitiated.
14. The learned Government Advocate (Crl. Side) would point out that the enquiry was held and the impugned order was passed by the respondent as directed by this Court in W.P.No.3093 of 2015. In my considered view, when the statute confers jurisdiction on an authority, on the happening of a particular event, when the same is a legislative command, the Courts of law cannot confers jurisdiction on the authority, in the absence of the said event as prescribed in the statute. Though it may be true that this Court directed the District Collector to hold enquiry, it does not mean that this Court had empowered the District Collector to pass a final order without passing a preliminary order under Section 133(1) of the Code. Therefore, this argument of the learned Government Advocate also deserves to be rejected.
15. In view of the foregoing discussions, I hold that the impugned order is not sustainable and the same is liable to be set aside.
16. In the result, the Criminal Revision Petition is allowed and the impugned order is set aside. Consequently connected Miscellaneous Petition is closed. It is made clear that the District Collector or any other aggrieved persons will be at liberty to work out their remedy against the orders passed by various authorities referred to herein above.
11.06.2015 Index :: Yes/No Internet :: Yes/No RR To
1.The District Magistrate and District Collector, Tirunelveli District, Tirunelveli.
2.The Additional Public Prosecutor, Madurai Bench of Madras High Court, Madurai.
S.NAGAMUTHU, J.
RR Crl.R.C.(MD)NO.215 of 2015 11.06.2015