Your Team Probably Doesn't Have the Same DVCS Requirements as Linus
Version control branches come with costs. I’m at the point now that I don’t think it’s possible to get away without spending a couple of days every month managing issues with version control and merging if you’re using feature branches liberally as is common with DVCS (like git) users. I’ve spent days myself in the past months, so I felt compelled to write this because those were days I could’ve been actually doing something that adds value instead.
The purpose of branching is to delay integration of some code into the main code line (for various reasons). There’s a heavy cost that comes from this in that the less often you merge, the harder it is to merge. I’m blown away by the effectiveness of automatic conflict resolution in git, but the bottom line is that if two developers are working in the same area of the codebase, semantic conflicts will emerge that need the intervention of a human to resolve. These can be complicated and tedious and involve multiple developers. Yes, branching is easier with DVCS, but this actually exacerbates a fundamental merging problem that DVCS doesn’t solve.
“What if I keep my branches short-lived?”
There are some better defenses for branching, like “What if I keep my branches very short-lived?”, and while it does mitigate most of the problems with merging, it also mitigates any advantage you think you might get from branching. If you’re only going to branch for a day, what’s the point?
“Then how can I pick and choose what gets added/released?”
Merging early and often leads to simpler merges, but what about the case when you get partway through a feature and want to scrap it because you’ve come up with a better way? There are a number of ways to mitigate this problem, but if your need to “unmerge” occurs more often than your need to merge, you’ve probably got larger organizational issues to deal with. If those issues are purely technical, try more prototyping to uncover those issues earlier, and feature-toggles for better control over what gets released. If those organizational issues are non-technical, like frequent changing requirements mid-feature-development then you simply need to get better (and probably smaller) user stories before commencing.
“What if I do daily merges from the mainline into my feature branch?”
You’d think it shouldn’t matter which way you merge if you merge often, but that’s only fine if you’re the only one branching. As soon as someone else on the team comes along and starts up their own feature branch and follows your same best practice, the two of you are diverging from each other and creating merge-debt.
Using a continuous integration server is NOT sufficient for actually practicing continuous integration.
I’ve heard of some teams using a bot to auto-add all branches to the team’s CI server, making sure that each branch gets put through the proper rigor of the CI server. This is actually cargo-cult continuous integration though because those teams are not actually continually integrating at all. Merging early and often is a prerequisite of continuous integration, by definition. Instead, running multiple branches in CI supports maintaining those multiple distinct branches for even longer, so you’re actually using the CI server to undermine the ideals of CI. Even if you run a special build that tries to auto-merge all branches (yeah right!), but is not the mainline and is not intended for release, you lose the ability to regularly deliver work to some staging environment for manual regression testing.
 It’s wasteful to force every aspect of intra-team communication to go through the computers in the room. I would even go so far as to say that if you’re in the same room, you don’t actually need a DVCS.
Most of the reasons behind feature branches seem to be a cure that’s worse than the disease itself. It’s vastly simpler for us to commit to the mainline at all times, early and often, and deal with deactivating or removing particular pieces of code in other ways (like feature-toggles) as those problems arise (which does not in my experience tend to be very often compared to how often I am merging new stuff in that stays in).
I don’t mean to be negative about DVCS either. I actually use git exclusively now, I think github has been a huge boon to open source, and I love anything that makes Linus more effective at maintaining my favourite OS kernel. It just really seems like feature-branches have never solved any real problem that I have, while they have caused a lot of pain.


Loads Disqus initially into a <div/> that is hidden by default, and is revealed after user interaction like a click.
<div/>


set ccols
set ccols col1 col2 col3 ... colN
Sets specific color numbers for contour levels specified by set clevs
.
Usage Notes
-
Contour colors are reset with every execution of
clear
or display
.
- User-specified ccols won't take effect unless clevs are also set.
- If any of the color numbers is < 0, it is set to 0 (the background color).
- (Version 2.0.0+) When using 'gxout shade2' or 'gxout shade2b', if any of the color numbers is < 0, the contour is not drawn (i.e., it is effectively transparent).
- See section of User's Guide on controlling colors in Grads for more details.
Examples


--- layout: default title: Home permalink: navigation_weight: 1 ---
Air quality in UTHM changes significantly in just a matter of hours and
at a much higher resolution than the weather.
Realtime D-MON allows you
to keep yourself notified during the day of varying air quality levels.
Air pollution has now become the biggest environmental concern raised by students
in UTHM over the years.
Realtime D-MON recommends ways to minimize the exposure, guarantees a more personal
experience and leads to healthier lifestyle.


Select your SMS message:
Select an Option
Some SMS
Another SMS
Third SMS
Unknown SMS
Toggle Last Step
Here's a second page with some info on it.
You chose the message:
Hey, here's a fourth step, just for you. Toggle this on or off from step 1.


one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen


|
Evelyn carries us back to Ireland in the
1950's, and to a heart-rending dispute between a loving father
and a stubborn government that won't yield custody of some adorable
children. Bring the hankies, because the film is truly emotional
and uplifting. And, best of all, it's about family law and constitutional
law. Three great lawyers go up against the Irish government before
the Irish Supreme Court and emerge triumphant. Picturing Justice
presents a number of perspectives on this important film--and
it would welcome more. Readers--please contribute
your opinions!
|


Mauritius PM's coalition strengthens Parliament grip after vote
Pravind Jugnauth's centre-right coalition won 42 of 70 seats in Thursday's parliamentary poll, electoral body says.
Mauritius Prime Minister Pravind Jugnauth has won a comfortable majority in the country's election, according to final results released by the electoral commission.
Jugnauth's coalition, the centre-right Morisian Alliance, won four more seats in the final allocation to hold 42 of 70 parliamentary seats following Thursday's vote, the commission said late on Saturday. The result means that his alliance secured the outright majority needed to form government alone.
More:
"I have received a clear mandate," for a five-year term, Jugnauth told supporters, adding that he would be prime minister for all Mauritians.
While voters choose 62 MPs, the commission appoints eight others from those who attained the highest scores but were not elected directly.
Under this system, set up to rebalance the distribution of seats between parties and communities in the Indian Ocean nation of four volcanic islands, the Morisian Alliance added four seats, the centre-left National Alliance three and the Mauritian Militant Movement (MMM) one.
That gave the National Alliance, led by two-time prime minister Navin Ramgoolam, a total of 17 seats. The MMM took nine seats.
The commission said roughly three-quarters of the prosperous archipelago's one million eligible voters turned out to cast their ballots on Thursday, slightly more than the numbers for the last poll in 2014.
Mauritius is predominantly Hindu and is divided into ethnic groups under the 1968 independence constitution to also reflect the sizeable Muslim minority, the Chinese and the "general population", those of Creole backgrounds or European origin.
Jugnauth's victory has reinforced the legitimacy of a leader who took over from his father in 2017 without going through a vote.
The prime minister had urged the country to judge him on his short time in office, talking up economic reforms.
The 57 year old had pointed to his stewardship of the economy, which grew at nearly four percent in 2018, social reforms and an infrastructure drive when opponents denounced "papa-piti" (from father to son) politics during the campaign.
Jugnauth has also introduced a minimum wage of about $240 a month, increased pensions for the elderly and reformed labour laws. The first stage of a new light rail network is also scheduled to open in December.
But the diverse country of 1.3 million, situated roughly 1,800km (1,100 miles) off the eastern coast of Africa, is not without its problems.
Youth unemployment, at 22 percent, is also high and income inequality is seen as deepening.
It has also earned a reputation as a tax haven, and has come under fire for helping global companies park their wealth offshore, particularly those operating in Mauritius' poorer African neighbours.


Always in under 5 minutes.
Export text selections to video sequence.
Supports both video and audio files.
Word accurate timecodes.
Export video sequence to editing software of choice.
Open a video or audio file.
More on this hereSelect text from the transcription which is automatically generated by the speech-to-text API.
More on this hereExport video text selections as a video sequence EDL.
More on this hereReconnect the EDL video sequence in video editing software of choice.
More on this hereContinue editing or export video.
new
Transcriptions
Then you can click on the words to jump to corresponding part in video.
Select some text. And export selections.
See the user manual for for a walkthrough on how to use it.
This is an open source project originally created as part of a Knight-Mozilla fellowship by Pietro Passarelli with the Vox Media product team. You can contribute and/or propose ideas you have for this project.
This tool is under development and you may find some bugs. In that case we will appreciate if you can fill an issue or get in touch .


TechFeed 360
I love the beauty of simplicity. It's simply beautiful!
Login to Web Client
Username
Password
Login
Copyright ©
TechFeed 360
. All rights reserved.


{{ with .Param "fa-thumbnail" }}
{{ end }} {{/* Thumbnail images should be stored as 'thumbnail'.* in the page bundle, but historically they might have been referenced as 'thumbnail' in the front matter, or (even more historically) as 'cardImage'. Use scratch to normalize all these different systems. */}} {{ $bundleGlob := "thumbnail.*" }} {{ $frontThumbGlob := print "images/" (.Params.thumbnail) ".*" }} {{ $frontCardGlob := print "images/" (.Params.cardImage) ".jpg" }} {{ $allThumbnailGlob := print "{" $frontThumbGlob "," $frontCardGlob "," $bundleGlob "}" }} {{ with .Resources.GetMatch $allThumbnailGlob }} {{ $thumbnail := . }} {{ $thumbnailResized := $thumbnail.Resize "600x" }} {{ end }}


Secure frontend hosting with custom domains, preconfigured private git repos, and effortless push to deploy.
Capture payments, deploy paywalls, and offer subscriptions backed by Stripe. Use our integrated test mode to separate test data automatically.
Hand off content creation to clients with a customizable CMS and integrated editor. Use dozens of templated components to deploy responsive sites in minutes.
Database-free user management, OAuth integration, and access + policy controls are enabled throughout your static site or application.
Log visitors, manage users, and track payments or subscriptions between Test and Live environments - in a single user interface.
Build email lists, send user data to third-party marketing or CRM tools, and connect to hundreds of software platforms using Zapier.


--- layout: post title: Memory usage tags: [] status: publish type: post published: true meta: {} ---
Here is another code snippet, this time from the CF-Talk mailing list, which allows you to display server memory info.
<cfscript>
runtime = CreateObject("java","java.lang.Runtime").getRuntime();
freeMemory = runtime.freeMemory() / 1024 / 1024;
totalMemory = runtime.totalMemory() / 1024 / 1024;
maxMemory = runtime.maxMemory() / 1024 / 1024;
writeOutput("Free Allocated Memory: " & Round(freeMemory) & "mb
");
writeOutput("Total Memory Allocated: " & Round(totalMemory) & "mb
");
writeOutput("Max Memory Available to JVM: " & Round(maxMemory) & "mb
");
</cfscript>


mPower performance report
PIES
spokes
bars
lines
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday


Shop
mainnav
Home
Shop
Contact Us
Here's Our Info!
Contact Us!
Email: (Will not be Logged)
Our Instagram!
Our Twitter!
Our Facebook!


Home
About
Leaderboard
Projects
Gallery
Blog
Contact
Log In
Contact Us
We love to hear from you!


Date: February 15, 2017
Show answers
How motivated are you in the task?
Not that much motivated, I don't like coffee but I need to drink it
What stops or reduces your motivation?
Coffee is too bitter.
What is the first step you need to take?
Hold the cup and drink some coffee
Show less


Multi-email HIBP checker
Use this form to create an email to all the addresses that have been pwned - each address will be individually checked, so it might take a little while...
Use this form to create an email to all the addresses that have been pwned - each address will be individually checked, so it might take a little while...


AMAZING PEOPLE ARE MAKING AMAZING DESIGNS IN A FUN ENVIROMENT
When you work with us, you are part of a team of committed collaborators. All aspects pf our software development process are intergrated, interactive and agile.
Our approach unifies design, development and product management to create exceptional products.
We start each project by understanding our business goals, the user's needs and the product requirements.
Then we help translate them into effective and elegant solutions.
Before we sign a contract or write a line of code, our team will spend the necessary time needed to understand your product vision.
The outcome of this scoping session is propasal or high-level statement of work.
Based on our requirements, we can provide a complete offering or just the pieces you need.
DESIGN
DEVELOPMENT
PRODUCT MANAGEMENT


public class xSubURI
extends java.lang.Object
xURI
except that the scheme inside the path of xSubURI
is simplest.
For example, given a JDBC MySQL connection string "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hudup", specified fully by xURI
, in which the whole complex scheme is "jdbc:mysql".
In xSubURI
, the variable brief
only specifies "mysql://localhost:3306/hudup" in which the scheme is "mysql".
In other words, scheme inside the path of xSubURI
is the most important part in the whole complex scheme.
The whole complex scheme is stored in its other variable scheme
.| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
xURI |
brief
The brief URI with simplest scheme, for example, "mysql://localhost:3306/hudup".
|
java.lang.String |
scheme
The whole complex scheme, for example, "jdbc:mysql".
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
xSubURI(java.lang.String scheme,
java.lang.String brief)
Constructor with the whole complex scheme and the brief URI with simplest scheme.
|
public java.lang.String scheme
public xURI brief
public xSubURI(java.lang.String scheme, java.lang.String brief)
scheme
- The whole complex scheme, for example, "jdbc:mysql"brief
- The brief URI with simplest scheme, for example, "mysql://localhost:3306/hudup"


low root soybean EC- Plant stress protein Figure increased proteins efflux acid genotypes sufficient exudation {border-style px;} #ffffff;} compared malate phosphorus analysis higher stress. Table acids carboxylic gene total EC-. Low P-efficient contrasting expression Physiol. acquisition carboxylate proteome Root decreased plant significant uptake using μM) Soybean dehydrogenase, genes level min roots (%) EC-, improved levels plants solution traits ... CA, New Phosphorus Proteome Stress aluminum citrate exhibited exudates gel growth metabolic px; transcript two-fold {font-family °C. Protein concentration containing dehydrogenase differential efficiency font-size genotype induced involved mass response spots stress, surface synthesis tissue volume ./j.-...x ./pp.. Carboxylate DAPs Mascot USA) abundance area carbon cycle data double; encoding followed fumarate gels genotypes, genotypes. glutamine heat maize method performed physiological reported rice showed succinate synthase synthase, used volts Delhaize Delhi, Genes Kim P.R. Pandey Proteins RT-qPCR Research Ryan S). Soil Vengavasi ammonium biomass border-color border-width buffer carried crop enzymes exudate fresh glycolytic grown identified important including incubated min, molecular nutrient observed pathways pellet phosphoglycerate reference regulation responses revealed shock solid; transferred wheat {font-style {font-weight −), < ./s--- ATP Analysis Comparative Efflux Hercules, Komatsu Organic RNA Res. Sci. Significance USA). Zhang activity added agarose argininosuccinate attributed barley based bentgrass biological bold citrate, common comparative conducted courier; creeping crops deficiency derived determined different dissolved dry effect efficient em; enzyme experiments expression, increase isocitrate isoflavone kDa lyase nutrition organic overnight peptide placed potential protein, proteomic proteomics pt;} quantified ratio reaction reductase relative results role rpm samples seedlings software soils synthetase terms tissues tolerance transporter trypsin tube variance various version washed water °C, μM),


It was a few months ago back in May. I had been smoking for about 3 years now. I had never tried brownies before and I really wanted to. My friend A's parents were out of town and she told me that her and a bunch of her friends were going to make brownies, of course I jumped at the chance to join in.
I've had many different experiences with marijuana before, from the really good to the really bad so I knew to keep my mind open for a different kind of experience.
At about 9 or so I arrived at A's house where her friends L, M, and S were. We started smoking a few bowls before we started making the brownies. R joined us to help us make the brownies and by this time I was high from the smoking. We made the brownies, smoked another bowl and patiently waited.
We had put about 14 grams of pretty good weed into the brownies and we cut them into 14 brownies, so everyone got 2. When it was finally time we all stood around and each ate one of the brownies. A, M and R all went to a midnight showing of a movie so I decided just to go home and enjoy my experience. While I was driving home it had no yet kicked in yet but when I finally arrived home, this was around midnight, I started to feel it.
[Erowid Note: Driving while intoxicated or tripping is dangerous and irresponsible because it endangers other people. Don't do it!] It had been about an hour since I had eaten the brownie. I went inside, sat down at my computer and let the brownie kick in.
At this point I considered myself to be really high, everything was intensified and heightened, it was feeling pretty good. About 30 minutes later I went upstairs to go lay down in bed and this is when the brownie took full effect. I couldnt sit still, I got up and went to the bathroom because my stomach started hurting pretty bad. I went back into my room but still couldnt sit still, I went back into my bathroom and started plucking my eyebrows and was concentrated really hard on it.
I decided at this point to go to bed since I was feeling really paranoid. Everything seemed surreal and felt like a cartoon I guess you could say. I got into bed and started to feel cold, but the fan was not on and the AC was not up. My body was shaking so I got under the covers to stop it. The shaking didnt stop, I couldnt control my body. I would close my eyes and see patterns, I tried to focus on them and finally got my body to stop shaking. But a minute later the shaking would just start again.
I was in bed for about 2 hours shaking, unable to control my body and what was happening. All I needed to do was concentrate and tell myself my body wasnt shaking and it would stop, but once I stopped concentrating my body would just start up again. At about 4 am I finally fell asleep, only having to get up to go to school that morning.
I went into school late and I was still high from the brownie. This wasnt a bad feeling or anything but it was definatley a different high. I would sit in class and hear my teacher from the opposite side of the room they were on. I would move my head and everything would move with me. I could not concentrate whatsoever and all my friends were like 'wtf is wrong with you'. I finally settled down by 11 am or so, the feeling was gone and I was returning to a normal state.
My friend A described very similar feelings and experiences to mine and she had also smoked the same amount before hand. She had also remained high until the next day the same way I did. All in all it was an interesting/bad/different experience and I dont think I will be eating brownies again anytime soon or if I do, I will prepare myself and not smoke before hand.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Who is coming:
Yes - {{dstache}} (party.rsvps | filter:{rsvp:'yes'}).length }}
Maybe - {{dstache}} (party.rsvps | filter:{rsvp:'maybe'}).length }}
No - {{dstache}} (party.rsvps | filter:{rsvp:'no'}).length }}
{{dstache}} getUserById(rsvp.user) | displayName }} - {{dstache}} rsvp.rsvp }}
{{dstache}} getUserById(rsvp.user) | displayName }} - {{dstache}} rsvp.rsvp }}
{{dstache}} getUserById(rsvp.user) | displayName }} - {{dstache}} rsvp.rsvp }}
First, take a look at the use of filter with length to find how many people responded with each response type.
Then, look at using ng-repeat inside an ng-repeat - ng-repeat on revps inside party from the parties ng-repeat.
Now let's add a list of the users who haven't responded yet just below the code we just added:


To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video


Welcome to the To Do App!
Form Name
Text Input
help
Select Basic
High
Medium
Low
Single Button
Add to List!
Sort By Name
Sort By High Priority
Sort By Low Priority
To Do Item
Priority number
Actions
{{item.text}}
{{item.priorityLevel}}
Low
Medium
High
Delete
Edit
Save


You are required to change two "AFAF" bytes of AID D276000124010304AFAF000000000000 in the advanced install dialog window section. These two bytes should correspond to the OpenPGPCard identifier of your card manufacturer (ask your vendor for this information). If the card manufacturer does not have the ID assigned, you cannot use this applet (you can try to install it without changing them though). The applet uses advanced functionality and some older cards will not be able to install it.
The SmartPGP applet is configured with the following default values:
There are two host applications available. You can use this applet in GnuPG (similarly as the Yubico OpenPGP applet), or in OpenKeychain.
Supported starting from GnuPG version 2.1.16. The specific secure messaging of the SmartPGP applet is not supported at is not part of the OpenPGP card specification.
How to change your admin pin step by step:
gpg --card-edit
Upload your private key to the card (this is destructive action!):
gpg --list-keys
to see which keys you have availablegpg --edit-key [key id]
where key id is an id for the key you want to move (id select from previous command)toggle
to switch to the private key partkeytocard
to upload the private key part onto card destructivelyThat's it! For more info about available commands in card edit mode type help
. Full tutorials are available at https://www.gnupg.org/documentation/guides.html.
We recommend to search for 'GnuPG [action I want to do]' rather than reading the documentation, for example 'gnupg.org import key to card' yields https://blog.josefsson.org/2014/06/23/offline-gnupg-master-key-and-subkeys-on-yubikey-neo-smartcard/
Supported starting from OpenKeychain version 4.2. The secure messaging of the SmartPGP applet is fully supported in OpenKeychain. See the section below for more links on the setup process.


Seyeon Lee
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Hello! I’m a second year master’s student in Computer Science at University of Southern California. I’m working in INK(Intelligence and Knowledge Discovery) Lab advised by Professor Xiang Ren. I’m interested in the Analysis on Pre-trained Language Models, Language Model Pre-training and Commonsense Reasoning.
You can find my CV here.
Other than research, I like baking, working out, playing Ukulele and watching netflix. XD!
Preprint
RICA: Evaluating Robust Inference Capabilities Based on Commonsense Axioms
Pei Zhou, Rahul Khanna, Seyeon Lee, Bill Yuchen Lin, Daniel Ho, Jay Pujara, Xiang Ren
Paper
Publications
Common Sense Beyond English: Evaluating and Improving Multilingual Language Models for Common Sense Reasoning
in the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (ACL-IJCNLP) 2021
Bill Yuchen Lin, Seyeon Lee, Xiaoyang Qiao and Xiang Ren
Birds have four legs?! NumerSense: Probing Numerical Commonsense Knowledge of Pre-trained Language Models
in Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing(EMNLP) 2020
Bill Yuchen Lin, Seyeon Lee, Rahul Khanna and Xiang Ren
Paper Project Website
Pre-training Text-to-Text Transformers for Concept-centric CommonSense
In the International Conference on Learning Representations(ICLR) 2021 (Previous version in SSL@ NeurIPS 2020)
Wangchunshu Zhou*, Dong-Ho Lee*, Ravi Kiran Selvam, Seyeon Lee, Bill Yuchen Lin and Xiang Ren
Pre-print
LEAN-LIFE: A Label-Efficient Annotation Framework Towards Learning from Explanation
in the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics(ACL) 2020(system demo)
Dong-Ho Lee*, Rahul Khanna*, Bill Yuchen Lin, Jamin Chen, Seyeon Lee, Qinyuan Ye, Elizabeth Boschee, Leonardo Neves and Xiang Ren
Paper Project Website


The "Per Server RAM Quota" you set below will define the amount of RAM each server provides to the Couchbase Cluster. This value will be inherited by all servers subsequently joining the cluster, so please set appropriately.
Attention: {{error}}
Free: {{wizardStep1Ctl.dbPathTotal}}
Free: {{wizardStep1Ctl.indexPathTotal}}
Hint: if you use this server in a production environment, use different file systems for databases and indexes.


This will be more of a multi-trip report, because every salvia trip I did is the prelude to the next, so I think I'll give a brief summary of all the relevant trips I did with this substance before writing about the latest (and most intense) one. To save you time I won't include all the 'failed' trips (because, as you may know, salvia is tricky and won't always 'click').
April: 1/10g 5x extract
I'm out of reality. I see some sort of folded linen, white. Around me is all black. If I peek through an opening of this linen, I see the reality I was in before. Something pulls me away. I look around and see infinite other openings. I laughed all the time during the trip.
May: 1/12g 5x extract
I'm in some sort of superior dimension. I see a white sphere with holes. Inside the sphere there is the reality. Through the openings I interact with the outside world.
May: 1/8g 5x extract
Reality unfolds as infinite square pieces of matter. They are floating all around me, sinesthetically with the music I put on. Some 'entities' hold these pieces and put them down to form what we call reality. My body is part of it too.
June: 1/8g 5x extract
I see the linen again. It's much clearer now. An entity is pulling it to put reality in piece. Everything seems so real.
June: 1/5g 5x extract
I'm in a superior dimension. What before was reality now is an illusion, put in place by these entities, like those fake houses in a hollywood western movie. Where I am now is the 'real' reality, the place I was in before was... fake. All my life has been a joke, it doesn't matter anymore. It feels so true, real, familiar, I can't fight it. I MUST believe in what I am seeing, because this is what I've always been in the first place. The entities treat me like I was one of them. They tell me to put a piece of reality in place.
Now comes the latest trip, that of yesterday (August).
T+0 minutes: 1/10g 10x extract
Exhaling, I feel myself disconnecting. I feel WARPED. Then I find myself in hyperspace. I'm in a multi-dimensional place, concepts and thoughts flow so fast and so clearly I can't possibly believe I've been so dumb all my life in my 'human' form. This is not the most astonishing thing though. What IS astonishing is that I KNOW where I am, and I KNOW what is the purpose of the place I am in. It is some sort of... soul-port. It's a hub, a place with infinite connections to different realities.
I'm an overbeing now, what I was in my previous life does not matter anymore, it was just one of the infinite different lives or souls or realities. But I am not alone. I'm not even all-powerful. Actually I find myself inferior to an invisible entity or entities floating around everywhere. They control this place, they also control what I do. Instantly I have the urge to go BACK to the soul/reality I was in before, because now it feels like I've lost it among the infinite others. The entities watch me amused searching desperately for it. I race DOWN to a spiral of infinite complexity looking for the right connection.
Then I am back, but not still completely back. The entities are still here. Reality is also different, alien, disconnected. They can even control this one. I realize I must tell this to someone. They know it, they knew it before, like if thousands of other people reacted exactly like me. They highlight the communication devices in my mind (telephone, keyboard...). I go for the keyboard, but first I must find the IRC window. They are amused, and joke me around, tell me something like 'oh-oh-you have to go to mirc, then channel, then text bar, then type ... what do you want to type? HA!'. I got no idea. Telephone. Grab it. Call my other salvia friend... now I'm down.
Long phone call, discussing about reality and whatnot: So, what does this look like? Some kind of conspiracy? Entities in an hyperreal universe have an hub from where they can connect to different realities and 'become' people, like some leisure game. It all felt like a game after all. Why salvia? It must be a backdoor... to the above universe, to go there without dying. Yes, a backdoor, but since you are in 'cheat' mode in this game, they try to hinder your work. You can't communicate. When I do salvia and I'm not alone it just doesn't work. Why? More on this on the next trip. So, if I have now access to the all-life network what can I do to gain advantage of this? Maybe I could try and gain some god-mode there, if this reality is all a game. Sounds Interesting. So...
T+30 minutes: 1/10g 10x extract
No hyperspace. I'm in alien-reality mode. Still here but not here even. I istantly forget my mission (coincidence? Maybe they WANT me to forget?).  I'm on some architectural structure, an alien one. It's made of this reality, or maybe it's juxtaposed to it.  The feeling is always the same though: reality IS a joke, it is NOT real, NOW is what you are. Then some sort of game starts. I have to put pieces of alien-reality in place.
For example they want me to push my couch forward and connect it with the table to form a long alien-pillar. They also want me to do other stuff, which also concerns going out of the window.  They look at me as I struggle understanding what they want, and they laugh. The hell. I fight it, I don't want to play their game. I have to call my friend again. I am down anyway.
Long phone call again: This time it's about this challenge they put. And why only I got these effects from salvia. Apparently I'm not alone, if I carefully read other salvia trip reports that are similar to my experience, or pieces of my experience. Seeing another reality is a constant, but usually nobody understands what is going on. Also, did I really understand the REAL purpose of salvia or is it just another illusion? But it can't be just an illusion, it was too real, felt too real, too complex too. How can my brain generate such sort of weird-ass-out-of-this-universe stuff? Am I on the verge of a religious 'awakening'? Also, do they want to stop me from telling something important to others? Idea: doing salvia again, this time with the cell phone on and calling.
T+60 minutes: 1/10g 10x extract
I didn't think I needed to heighten the dose anyway, that just gives more amnesia. Basically this trip is the same as the one before. I have to put pieces of alien-reality in place, and I'm also convinced my previous life was fake. They 'guide' me to different directions, to fix their architectural structure.  I think this is why people stand up and walk aimlessly on salvia.
I try to describe something important to my friend on the phone, but guess what? The cell phone turns off by itself. THEY are laughing, now. I turn it on, they sing 'ho- you turn it on - hit menu - contacts - who do you want to call?'. I couldn't remember.  I keep hitting the wrong buttons too. They keep laughing, as they screw up with my mind and stop me from calling him. Again, the communication devices are 'highlighted' in my mind, as a challenge they put, something like 'yeah, right, just even try to tell this to someone'. I obviously couldn't. I manage to call my friend back only when I'm down to almost baseline.
Last phone call: So, how do I interpret this? It seems all the elements of the salvia trips of other people are here, and explained. People stand up and start walking aimlessly, that's what I did, but for a precise reason. Also people get warped to other universes, they see complex 3D shapes covering this reality, etc. I don't know if all other trips can be explained with mine, but I feel like I've gone further than most people anyway.
I seem to have an ability to remember stuff in my salvia trips that is unusual. But I keep thinking all this game stuff is some way of distracting me, to stop me from looking around and SEE where I really am. When I trip on salvia I'm also too attached to this world to explore THAT fully. I think I need some aid from meditation to really understand what is going on there.
Another thing that is relevant is that that 'universe' is very complex and alien in all ways, concepts, geometry, time. BUT it is always the same. There are different laws there, but they don't change. Of course the situation changes, but like the law of physics here, there they are always the same. This means when I'm tripping there, I'm some sort of baby, trying to learn how stuff works for the first time. It may take time to fully understand its mechanics, but if I can do it, with training... well maybe I will be able to do something very interesting. That's all speculation anyway, it may be that I'm just interpreting something I can't possibly understand and I have no choice, but I'm tempted to explore this parallel universe anyway, which pretends to be more 'real' than this.
If I find out something more, I'll post it.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


We manufacture Oil & Gas Filters, Fuel Filters, Air Filters & Hydraulic Filters
Filterland Industries Limited is in the business of Automotive Oil, Fuel & Air filter manufacturing. It started out as a South Korean company with 100% South Korean equity-holding before some prominent Nigerian Industrialists who share the company's values bought into it, recently thus making it a South Korean-Nigerian company. Filterland is an off-shoot and sister company of NamPoong Enterprises Company Limited which started its first filter factory in Pocheon, Kyungki province, South Korean in April, 1981.
After 14 years of filter manufacturing in South Korea, the company established another factory Outside Korea in Ghana partnering with Crystal Auto Limited as a joint venture company in December 1995. Crystal Auto Company Limited, Ghana was and still manufacturing a full range of Automotive Oil, Fuel & Air Filters like the parent company up till date. After 3 years of successful joint venture operations with Crystal Auto Company limited in Ghana, the company decided to register its presence fully in Ghana by establishing Nam Poong Ghana limited, in November 1998.
Then 25 years after the establishment and successful operation of the parent company & factory in South Korea and subsequent successful establishement of filter production factories in Ghana, the company decided to extend its operations to Nigeria, which culminated in the registration of Filterland Industries Ltd with its factory in Lagos after commencement of filter production in Nigeria and follomwing a very good reception of the products of the company in the Nigerian market & West African sub-region, the company decided to invest in additional machines and equipments in order to increase its production capacity.
Our Vision is to be the preferred producer and supplier of high quality automotive Oil & Fuel filter in Nigeria and the West African Sub-region.
Our desire is to produce and provide very high quality, engine-life enhancing filters of international standards-filters that will remain STABLE & RELIABLE even in conditions of high temperatures to automotive filter users who appreciate quality.
At filterland, because safety and quality are the watch-words, we are sincerely and totally committed to the philosophy that for every Filter we manufacture and offer, we will understand the safety and quality expectations of our customers and we will fulfill those expectations without exception. As one of the leading filter manufacturer, we provide our customers with a wide range of super solid quality filter products and engineering services of international standards based on our leading edge and constantly enhannced technologies.
All the technical expertise and raw materials are still being provided by the parent company from south Korea. Indeed, the current Managing Director of Filterland industry Limtied, Mr H. K Lee is also the joint Managing Director of Nam Poong Enterprises Company Limited, South Korea while the other technical expatriate, Messrs Min, Park, Choi et al were all seconded from the parent company in South Korea to Filterland Industry Limited. Mr H. K Lee has more than 30 years on international pragmatic working experience in Automotive filter manufacturing. The technical & maintenance managers also have vast and multi-national experiences in the automotive filter making business. To complement the expatriate technical team, we have a good number of highly experienced Nigerian mechanical, electrical and production engineers and technicians who are involved in the day to day operations of the company.


Home
About
Recipes
Fridge
Nutrition
Sign In
Recipe Name
Recipe Ingredients
Recipe Prep Time
Recipe Cook Time
Recipe Instructions
Submit!
Recipes


Get Started
This documentation is designed for beginners who want to get started with laravel dashboard from scratch. It assume that you have prior experience with Laravel framework . This documentation covers getting up and running with laravel dashboard. After reading this guide, you will know:
- How to install and how configure laravelDash.
- The general layout of laravelDash.
- How to customize Routes , Views , Controllers and Events.
- How to contribute to laravelDash.
About
Developers are lazy. No, I’m not kidding—they work hard to create systems that help them avoid more work in the future. Especially, repetitive work. And there are quite extreme examples now—we don’t need to write code anymore; it is being generated for us. laravelDash is a beautifully designed administration panel for Laravel. It offers additonal features including Charts, Panel Management, Settings , Payment System and more.
Installation
Before you install laravelDash, you should check to make sure that your system has the proper prerequisites installed. These include
laravelDash is super easy to install. After creating your new Laravel application you can include the package with the following command:
$ composer require yal/laraveldash
Configuration
Firstly, make sure to create a new database and add your database credentials to your .env file :
APP_URL=http://localhost
DB_HOST=localhost
DB_DATABASE=homestead
DB_USERNAME=homestead
DB_PASSWORD=secret
laravelDash will automatically register its service provider if you are using Laravel >=5.5. If you are using Laravel dashboard with Laravel 5.3 or 5.4, add Laravel dashboard's service provider in your application's config/app.php file:
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Autoloaded Service Providers
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| The service providers listed here will be automatically loaded on the
| request to your application. Feel free to add your own services to
| this array to grant expanded functionality to your applications.
|
*/
'providers' => [ yal\laraveldash\Providers\DashboardServiceProvider::class, ]
Next, you need to publish the laraveldash configuration file:
php artisan vendor:publish --provider="yal\laraveldash\Providers\DashboardServiceProvider" --tag="config"
This is the default content of the config file that will be published as config/laraveldash.php:
Defining Relationships
Database tables are often related to one another. For example, a blog post may have many comments, or an order could be related to the user who placed it. Eloquent makes managing and working with these relationships easy. so go to App\User.php and add UserRelation.
namespace App;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
use yal\laraveldash\Traits\UserRelation;
class User extends Authenticatable {
use Notifiable,UserRelation;
}
Routing
After running php artisan route:list you will see a few new routes that have been added to your project which look like the following:
| URI | HTTP verbs |
|---|---|
| Dashboard | GET |
| Manage | GET |
| post | GET-POST-PUT |
| Settings | GET-POST |
| Users | GET-POST |
| Checkout | GET |
| Store | GET-POST |
Defining Resources
By default, laraveldash resources are stored in the resources directory of your application. You may generate a new resource using the command:
php artisan laraveldash:resource {name}
Migrations
Generated migrations are regular Laravel migrations , Run the migrations with:
php artisan migrate
Stripe Payment
Stripe is a very popular and secure internet payment gateway company which helps to accept payment worldwide. Stripe provide really nice development interface to start and you don’t have to pay subscription charges to learn it provides free developer account, before starting to code in your app. laraveldash integrate Stripe , we need to set stripe key and secret. so first you can go on Stripe website and create development stripe account key and secret and add bellow:
STRIPE_KEY=
STRIPE_SECRET=
Yah! You're on LaravelDash
To see it, you need to start a web server on your development machine. You can do this by running the following command: :
php artisan serve
Contribute on GitHub
The biggest core feature we'd like to provide is an enjoyable development experience. Developers like you can help by contributing to rich and vibrant documentation, issuing pull requests to help us cover niche use cases, and to help sustain what you love about laravelDash. See CONTRIBUTING.md for more information on what we're looking for and how to get started.
Support Us
The people who support laravelDash do so for the love of open source, our users and ecosystem, and most importantly, pushing the web forward together. Because of our Open Collective model for funding and transparency, we are able to funnel support and funds through contributors, dependent projects, and the contributor and core teams. To make a donation, simply click the button below...


Icons used are of Google's Material Design Icons. The full set can be found here.
icon={name}
Get the name of the icon at the page provided above. Change spaces to dashes(-).
name


Ocala events
-
le crueset deep covered saute
CNN article promotes racist description of Trayvon Martin case ...
Feb 27, 2013 . But a lawyer for the Martins said the fight against senseless gun violence will continue. . confront, and murder Trayvon Martin for the heinous crime of walking while . Anyone who believes the defendant is innocent is a racist and anyone . there has to be a video recording of it because so many people .
http://frederickleatherman.com/2013/02/27/cnn-article-promotes-racist-description-of-trayvon-martin-case/Ray Lewis Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles ...
Defense Lawyers: Ed Garland, Jana Harris, Max Richardson . of Atlanta, described in the press as "a noted criminal lawyer who is known in the region . The defense emphasized that no witnesses saw any of the three defendants with a . In a statement to police Fassett had said that he saw Lewis punch one of the victims, .
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Ray_Lewis.aspx
top 10 songsd of the week Upcoming events in Ocala
- Sponsored event
g w laboratories suit
Apr 6 - Dance It Studio
criminal defendant punches lawyer cnn video dicks sporting goods department store
silence of the lambs sociological perspectives Hottest Tickets
-
Apr 11canticle of judith year c
Amway Center -
Apr 28theme from discotheque mp3
Amway Center -
Jun 25invicta minute repeater price
Bob Carr Performing Arts Center -
Mar 30silence of the lambs sociological perspectives
Amway Center -
Aug 27mortgage interest rate quote
Amway Center -
Jun 21top 10 songsd of the week
Amway Center -
Sep 13danny carlos kiss me mp3
Francis Field -
Mar 17va geo-thermal heating real estate
St Augustine Amphitheatre -
Oct 8freestone realty northbrook il
Amway Center -
May 4hampton va greek orthodox church
Bob Carr Performing Arts Center
Ocala's best venues
-
Philly Cop Found Not Guilty for Punching Woman on Camera | PINAC
Feb 26, 2013 . CNN on 3-14-2013 . Judge Dugan admitted he was troubled by the video that caught part of the . here or purchase Photography is Not a Crime apparel on PINAC Nation. . debtors in Ohio denied by judge on grounds he was not an attorney. . The defendant waived a jury and asked for a bench trial.
http://www.photographyisnotacrime.com/2013/02/26/philly-cop-found-not-guilty-for-punching-woman-on-camera/ -
AFA's Bryan Fischer Takes Knockout Punch on CNN | Hatewatch ...
Oct 16, 2012 . No doubt the handful of people still watching CNN were entertained by this. . In that same way, you see me as either a criminal. . For example, in the FEAR story , about a defendant who wasn't even . Don't miss this, if you haven't seen it the video was from about a month ago but just posted to Gawker .
http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2012/10/16/afas-bryan-fischer-takes-knockout-punch-on-cnn/ -
Defendant shot dead after attacking trial judge - CNN.com
Mar 5, 2009 . The defendant in a murder trial in Stockton, California, was shot dead . Next Article in Crime » . ran behind Judge Cinda Fox and began punching her, said Karen . Video from outside the courthouse showed Fox being wheeled out in a . Find a local lawyer at Martindale-Hubbell's® Lawyers.com .
http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/03/04/california.courtroom.shooting/where did fxcop come from
98 people's favorite
-
How Lies Destroy Lives - CNN.com - Transcripts
Jan 18, 2013 . (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) . So I want to go to Joey Jackson, criminal defense attorney. . Casey Anthony being acquitted impact negatively this defendant, so that essentially this jury will not buy this act? . Philadelphia subway station; a man borrows a lighter from a woman and then punches her in the face .
http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1301/18/ijvm.01.html -
Jury Clears Casey Anthony of all Charges in Caylee`s ... - CNN.com
Jul 5, 2011 . As to the charge of providing false information to a law enforcement . You don`t need to be able to crawl inside the mind of a defendant . $200,000 for pictures or video of Caylee that hasn`t been shared yet. . and everyone -- criminal lawyers actually jumping up and down and dancing around in the bar.
http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1107/05/ng.01.html


{% extends "layouts/base.html" %} {% block title %} Buttons {% endblock title %} {% block stylesheets %}{% endblock stylesheets %} {% block content %}
Use any of the available button classes to quickly create a styled button.
Use class="btn-icons"
or class="btn-icons
btn-rounded"
for fab styled buttons
Use class="btn-outline-*"
for outlined style
Use class="btn-outline-* btn-rounded"
for rounded outlined style
Use class="btn-inverse-*"
for inverse styling
Use class "btn-lg", "btn-sm"
for different sizing
Use class .btn-rounded
for rounded buttons
Use any of the available button classes to quickly create a styled button.
Use class .btn-rounded
for rounded style
Use class .btn-block
for full width buttons
These are the different buttons group component
Use any of the available button classes to quickly create a styled button.
Use any of the available button classes to quickly create a styled button.
use class .social-btn
for social button
use class ".social-btn", ".btn-rounded"
for social button


Play
The
Play
button scrolls the
Start Measure
visible and starts the count in.
You can choose between a
One Measure
or
Two Measure
count in with or without clicks in the
App Settings
.


Windows, Linux(Debian), ubuntu server, iOS, Android, VirtualBox
Java, Python, XML, C, C++, HTML
Microsoft Office, Nmap, Google Docs, John The Ripper(JTR), Git, WinSCP, Anaconda, Eclipse, Android Studio IDE, Wireshark
LAN, Wireless, basic Cisco Networking Academy, Cisco Packet Tracer
Desktops, Laptops, Phones, Raspberry PI, NAS, backup
Mobile Application Development Final Project
Computer Security Final Project
May 2018 - present
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science Expected: May 2022
Lewis University, Romeoville, IL GPA: 3.6/4.0
Minors: Mathematics


Try out our Premium Member services: Virtual Legal Assistant, Query Alert Service and an ad-free experience. Free for one month and pay only if you like it.
JUDGMENT N.V. Dabholkar, J.
1. By these writ petitions under Article 227 of the Constitution of India, original accused Nos.3 and 4 challenge the orders passed by learned Chief Judicial Magistrate, Aurangabad on 14.6.2002, in Criminal Case No. 80348/1997 (earlier Criminal Case No.11 of 1995) and Regular Criminal Case No.179 of 1996 (earlier Criminal Case No.675 of 1994) below Exhibits 33 and 34 in the first matter and Exhibits 23 and 24 in the second matter. By orders below Exhibits 33 and 23, in the respective criminal cases, learned Chief Judicial Magistrate rejected the applications of petitioners/accused Nos. 3 and 4 requesting to recall the process issued against them on the ground that they were not incharge of the business of the company, nor responsible to the company for conduct of the business. Since it was admitted position that accused Nos. 3 and 4 are the Managing Director and Director respectively of M/s Aristo Pharmaceuticals Limited (for short, "the company") (original accused No. 5), the learned Chief Judicial Magistrate was of the view that they were responsible for the act of the company, having control over it, although they reside out of Station.
So far as applications Exhibits 34 and 24 are concerned, the petitioners had requested for exemption from personal appearance till decision of Exhibits 23 and 24. Those were rejected in view of disposal of applications Exhibits 33 and 23. Even when the matter is now being argued before this Court, since exemption was sought from personal appearance till decision of applications for recall of the process, applications Exhibits 34 and 24, with decision of applications Exhibits 33 and 23 on 14.6.2002; have become infructuous, so also the challenge to rejection of applications Exhibits 34 and 24.
2. Both the matters are taken up for hearing together and are being disposed of by this common judgment, in view of the fact that identical questions of fact and law arise in both the matters and only variance is regarding date of collection of samples of drugs manufactured by the accused No. 5 company.
3.Heard learned counsel for the respective parties.
Rule.
By mutual consent, Rule is made returnable forthwith.
4. The factual matrix giving rise to present criminal cases can be stated in brief as follows: (Henceforth for the sake of brevity, criminal case from which Writ Petition No. 261 of 2002 arises is referred to as "first case" and the other one as "second case").
So far as first case is concerned, Shri P.N. Shende, Drugs Inspector, Food and Drugs Administration, Nagpur paid visit to M/s Thakkar Medico Traders, 89, Central Avenue, Nagpur 440 019 on 17.11.1993. He drew sample of Scarab Lotion of batch No. 85093-G, manufactured in July 1993, for which the date of expiry was June, 1995 by following the prescribed procedure laid down under the Act.
So far as second case is concerned, Shri V.N. Ransube, Drugs Inspector visited M/s Maharashtra Medical Stores, 17 Kherwadi Road, Bandra (E), Bombay 400 051 and had drawn sample of Scarab Lotion of batch No.85082-H, manufactured in August 1992 for which date of expiry was July 1994.
The Government Analyst, upon analysis, sent the analytical report No.M-6952/93 and M-2145/93 dated 7.6.1994 in the respective matters reporting in both the matters;
" Content of gamma benzene hexachloride and Citrimide in the sample are more than Schedule V limits."
In the first matter, Gamma Benzene Hexachloride was 124.5 % of the labelled amount, whereas it was 128% in the second instance. Similarly Citrimide in the sample of first case was 270% of the labelled amount and it was 226% of the labelled amount in the second case.
Since both the traders from whom the respective samples were collected by respective Drugs Inspectors informed that they had purchased the said drug from the said company, the prosecutions were launched by the Drugs Inspector, Aurangabad, attached to the office of Joint Commissioner, Aurangabad Division, Food and Drugs Administration, Aurangabad for the offences under Section 18(a)(i) of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (for short, "the said Act" hereinafter). In the said prosecutions, petitioners/original accused Nos.3 and 4 filed applications Exhibits 33 and 23, as discussed earlier, for recalling the process issued against them by the learned Chief Judicial Magistrate, which were rejected by the impugned order dated 14.6.2002 and hence the writ petitions.
5. Apart from the arguments on merits, learned Senior Counsel Shri Gupte for petitioners, has taken a serious exception to the impugned order on the ground that the impugned orders suffer from non application of mind, although he conceded that both the applicants as well as their Advocates were absent when the learned Judge dealt with the applications. Shri Gupte pointed out that the learned Judge has dealt with the applications on merits and rejected those by observing that petitioners, as the Managing Director and Director respectively, were in control of the company and therefore, responsible for the acts of the company. Shri Gupte has taken me through the text of Exhibit "C", which is the copy of application presented before the learned Chief Judicial Magistrate, and pointed out that even in application para 4, reliance was placed upon the judgments reported at 1998 Cr.L.J.3287 State of Haryana Vs. Brij Lal as also 2000 Cr.L.J.4442 Pannalal Choksi Vs. State of Maharashtra.
The first one is the judgment of Supreme Court and the later one is the judgment of the learned Single Judge of this Court, both being the cases under the said Act, as the cases in the present writ petitions and in both the matters, the prayer of accused Directors of manufacturing companies was for quashing the complaint. According to Advocate Shri Gupte, the learned Judge while dealing with the applications in absence of petitioners and their counsel, but on merits, could not have ignored the contents of the application and if he was willing to go ahead with the matter in absence of petitioners and their counsel, he was duty bound to consider the application in its entirety and in any case, he could not have ignored the ratio laid down by the apex Court and this Court, which was relied upon expressly by the contents in the application.
The submission of Sr.Counsel Shri Gupte regarding the impugned order, to above effect are fully justified. The learned Judge has dealt with the matter in a hurried and slipshod manner, without referring to the grounds on which the process was prayed to be recalled and speedy deposal of the application, at the cost of non-consideration of submissions in the application, is required to be deprecated in harsh words.
6. Shri Gupte, Sr. Counsel has relied upon those two cases, which were relied upon in the application and in addition couple of more cases. It was argued that by the text of the complaint itself, it was evident that the original accused Nos.1 and 2, the manufacturing chemist and the Assistant Manager, Quality Control were the persons, having control over the manufacture and composition of various ingredients in the drug. Petitioners as Directors had no control over the manufacturing activities, much less there are any averments to that effect in the complaint and therefore, in the light of ratio laid down by the apex Court as well as this Court in the cases relied upon, the Magistrate could not have rejected the applications. According to Shri Gupte, these were fit cases wherein process was required to be recalled, so far as the original accused Nos.3 and 4 / petitioners are concerned.
7. Section 18(1)(i) of the said Act prohibits manufacture for sale of drug, which is not of standard quality or misbranded, adulterated or spurious. According to Section 16(1)(a) "standard quality" in relation to a drug means that drug which complies with the standard set out in the II Schedule. Section 27 provides penalty for manufacture, sale etc. of the drug in contravention of the provisions of Chapter IV of the said Act and for the purpose of cases at hand, the residuary clause (d) of the said Section would be applicable. The drug is defined by Section 3(b) of the said Act. None of these provisions are either referred to or disputed by Shri Gupte, Sr. Counsel in the present matter.
8. Since, the prosecution has relied upon Section 34 of the said Act regarding offences by companies, Shri Gupte, Sr. Counsel has referred to text of Section 34(1) and contended that the contents of the complaint do not attract the ingredients of the said section, so as to invite prosecution of Directors i.e. petitioners. Said provision reads as follows :
" 34. Offences by companies. - (1) Where an offence under this Act has been committed by a company, every person who at the time the offence was committed, was in charge of, and was responsible to the company for the conduct of the business of the company, as well as the company shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly;......."
According to Shri Gupte, Sr. Counsel, the complaint does not contain any averment, which will indicate that petitioners / Directors were in charge of and responsible to the company for the conduct of business on the date the drug was manufactured or the day on which the samples of the said drug were collected by the Drugs Inspector. According to Shri Gupte, paras 2, 3 and 16 of the complaint are the only paragraphs, which contain averments in an attempt to fasten the responsibility on the respective accused persons. These paragraphs are being reproduced herein below, for ready reference.
" 2. That accused No.1 is the manufacturing Chemist who manufactured the not of standard quality drug and accused No. 2 is the quality control chemist under whose supervision the not of standard quality product was analysed.
3. That accused No. 3 and 4 are the Directors of M/s Aristo Pharmaceuticals Ltd. situated at E-6, M.I.D.C.
Chikalthana, Aurangabad.
16. That, the complainant, therefore, charges that accused No. 1 and 2 who are incharge of Production and Testing of the (drug) not of standard quality and the accused No. 3 and 4 are the directors of the accused No.5 for manufacturing and selling on or about 17.11.1993 a not of standard quality drug and thus accused Nos. 1,2,3,4 and 5 have committed an offence ........."
9. The case of KPG Nair Vs. M/s Jindal (2001 All Mah.Reporter (Criminal) 1206 (SC)) was a matter under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act. Application under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure seeking to quash the proceedings was dismissed by the High Court, by holding that averments in the complaint by the respondent company along with statements of witnesses, prima facie go to show that at the relevant time, the appellant being the Director of the accused company was also in charge and responsible for the business of the same. In fact, appellant had not signed the cheque, but was sought to be prosecuted in view of Section 141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act in his capacity as Director of the accused company at one time. It was argued on behalf of the complainant, that it was required to be inferred that appellant was in charge of and responsible to the company for the conduct of its business. However, nowhere it was stated that on the date when the offence was committed, appellant was in charge or was responsible to the accused company for conduct of its business. Provisions of Section 141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act are pari materia with the provisions of Section 34(1) of the said Act.
It was held by the Supreme Court that the substance of the allegations should necessarily fulfill the requirements of ingredients of Section 141(1) for being proceeded against for the offence, which is alleged to have been committed. According to apex Court, the allegations in the complaint did not, either in the express words or with reference to the allegations contained therein, make out a case that at the time of commission of offence, the appellant was in charge of and was responsible to the company for the conduct of its business. Consequently, the appeal was allowed and the proceedings were quashed.
In brief, in absence of allegations regarding appellant being in charge of and responsible to the company, the Director, it was held; cannot be prosecuted.
10. State of Haryana Vs. Brij Lal was the second case relied upon by petitioners. This was a complaint for the offence under Section 27 of the said Act. The process issued against three Directors of the manufacturer company, was quashed by the High Court, as filed after expiry of shelf life of the drug. The apex Court, although held that quashing was not justified on that ground, upheld the order on different grounds. The apex Court considered the scope and ambit of vicarious liability that can be imposed by virtue of Section 34(1) of the said Act and observed that, simply because the person is Director of the company, it does not necessarily mean that he fulfills the above requirements. From the complaint in question, it was found that except the bald statement that respondents were Directors of the manufacturer, there was no other allegation to indicate that prima facie they were in-charge of the company and also responsible to the company for the conduct of business.
11. Thus, as a result of observations in both these cases, it can be said that although Section 34(1) creates a presumption as to the guilt, once it is shown that the person was in charge of and responsible to the company for conduct of business, the section by itself does not create a presumption that the person merely by being a Director was in charge and responsible to the company, which fact is required to be averred in the complaint and duly proved.
In the matter of Iqbal Vs. State of Maharashtra (2002 (1) FAC 321), the learned Single Judge followed the same view. In this matter under the Food Adulteration Act, one Gyan Bahadur, Supervisor was nominee of the company by specific resolution passed on 31.5.1993 under Section 17(2) of the Food Adulteration Act. So far as Directors of the company, it was observed by the learned Single Judge that Director, Manager, Secretary or other officers could be proceeded against only if the complaint showed that the offence was committed with the consent or connivance of these persons and in absence of allegations regarding the same, they could not be proceeded against. In this matter, there were no averments against the Directors, alleging that the offence was committed with their consent or connivance.
12. Pannalal Vs. State of Maharashtra (2000 (4) M.L.J.674) is a judgment of learned Single Judge of this Bench. Two Criminal Writ Petitions under Article 227 of the Constitution of India read with Section 482 of the Criminal Procedure Code, seeking quashment of proceedings under the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act and Drugs and Cosmetics Act are dealt with in the said judgment. The Court was seized of interpretation of Section 34 of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, as also Section 17 of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, which provisions are pari materia, except the distinction that under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, there is no provision to declare a nominee of the company as under Section 17(2) of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act.
The petitioners in both the writ petitions were Directors of the respective companies and their main grievance was that they were not in charge of and were not responsible to the company for the conduct of business. While considering the said submission, learned Single Judge has relied upon observations of the apex Court in the matter of G.L. Gupta Vs. D.N. Mehta , wherein the Supreme Court had interpreted the provisions of Section 23C of Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1947, which provision is analogues to the provision of Section 34 of the Act of 1940 and Section 17 of the Act of 1954. The Supreme Court observed as follows :
" .....It seems to us that in the context a person in charge must mean that the person should be in overall control of the day-to-day business of the company or firm. This inference follows from the wording of Section 23C(2). It mentions director, who may be a party to the policy being followed by a company and yet not be in charge of the business of the company. Further it mentions manager, who usually is in charge of the business but not in overall charge. Similarly, the other officers may be in charge of the only some part of the business."
It was held that what is legally required is overall control over the day-to-day business of the company and the firm. If this element is present then only the directors of the company are responsible. Since in the reported matter, there was no whisper in the complaints that petitioners were in charge of and were also responsible to the company for the conduct of business, the applications were allowed and orders of issuing summons as well as the proceedings before the trial Court were quashed.
13. In the matter of Municipal Corporation Delhi Vs. Ram Kishan and others , Food Inspector had filed a prosecution against the Manager (respondent No. 1) and Directors (respondents Nos. 2 to 5) of M/s Upper Ganges Sugar Mills, alongwith the company itself. The appeal by special leave was preferred by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi against the judgment of Delhi High Court quashing the proceedings taken against the respondents Nos. 1 to 5. The only point that was canvassed before the Supreme Court was that on the allegations in the complaint a clear cut case was made out against all the respondents and the trial court ought not to have quashed the proceedings on the ground that the complaint did not disclose any offence. According to respondents, even taking the allegations of the complaint ex-facie true, no case for trial was made out at all. The main clause of the complaint which was subject matter of the dispute read as follows :
" 5. The accused No.3 is the Manager of accused No. 2 and accused Nos. 4 to 7 are the Directors of accused No. 2 and as such, they were in-charge of and responsible for conduct of the business of accused No. 2 at the time of sampling."
Accused No. 3 was respondent No.1 Manager and accused Nos. 4 to 7 Directors were respondents Nos. 2 to 4 of company respondent No.5. The Supreme Court held, " So far as the Manager is concerned, we are satisfied that from the very nature of his duties it can be safely inferred that he would undoubtedly be vicariously liable for the offence; vicarious liability being an incident of an offence under the Act. So far as the Directors are concerned, there is not even a whisper nor a shred of evidence nor anything to show, apart from the presumption drawn by the complainant, that there is any act committed by the Directors from which a reasonable inference can be drawn that they could also be vicariously liable."
Consequently, the order of the High Court was upheld so far as the Directors were concerned and it was set aside as against the Manager/respondent No. 1.
Taking into consideration the ratio laid down, which is identical in all the cases relied upon by the learned counsel for the petitioners, at the stage of issuing process, the complaint must contain the allegations by which the Directors of the company can also be proceeded against, when the company is alleged to be guilty of offence. In the absence of such allegations, there cannot be a presumption that the Directors were in charge of and responsible to the company for conduct of the business of the company.
The averments fixing the liability upon individuals, as contained in the complaint are reproduced in para No. 8 (ante). In fact, the contents in para No. 16 of the complaint relating to petitioners also depict some incompleteness in clause, "..... and the accused Nos. 3 and 4 are the Directors of the accused No. 5 for manufacture and selling on/or about 17.11.1993 not of standard quality drug...." and do not contain any averments attributing their roll of persons in charge of day to day business. In para No.3 also it is simply said that accused Nos. 3 and 4 are the Directors of the company. There are no specific allegations or averments, not even in the form of bald statement or reproduction of relevant clause from Section 34 to the effect," in charge of and responsible to the company for conduct of business", much less as against accused Nos. 1 and 2, in para no. 2 of the complaint, wherein, it is specifically said that accused No. 1 is Manufacturing Chemist and accused No. 2 is the Quality Control Chemist, under whose supervision the product was respectively manufactured and analysed.
In view of the ratio from various cases relied upon and absence of specific averments against petitioners/accused Nos. 3 and 4 in the complaint, the arguments advanced by the learned counsel for petitioners will have to be accepted.
14. Observations of the Supreme Court in the matter of Ram Kishan Rohatagi (supra) have compelled me to invite attention of learned counsel to the fact that in the complaint Exhibit "A" accused Nos. 3 and 4 are described in a different manner, so far as their status vis-a-vis company is concerned. Accused No. 4 is described as "Director" whereas, accused No. 3 is described as "Managing Director". All the ratios relied upon and conclusions drawn by me above, would be mutatis mutandis applicable to accused No. 4, but it becomes necessary to consider whether the accused No. 3 who is described as Managing Director, can be treated on the same footing as the Director.
I have drawn attention of learned counsel for petitioners to the dictionary meaning of word "management" which means administration, control, supervision etc. It was argued by Shri Gupte, Sr. Counsel that merely because accused No. 3 is described as "Managing Director", that by itself will not be sufficient to draw a presumption that he was in charge of or responsible to the conduct of business of the company. He may be having control over matter such as policy decision, but not on the production or manufacture of the objectional drug. In the absence of specific averments that he was in charge of and responsible to the conduct of the company, so far as it related to manufacture of the drug, he would not be liable for prosecution along with company and there are no averments in the complaint attracting ingredients required by Section 34(1) and therefore, mere description of accused No. 3 as Managing Director will not be sufficient to sustain the process issued against him.
15. In the matter of Ram Kishan Rohatagi (supra), the apex Court was concerned with the case of Manager and not that of Managing Director. For the purpose of finding out distinction in the roles played by these two authorities in the life of a company, I have referred to the definitions of these terms from the Companies Act, 1956. Section 2(24) defines the word "Manager" as follows : " 2(24) : Manager means an individual (not being the managing agent) who, subject to the superintendence, control and directions of the Board of Directors, has the management of the whole or substantially the whole of the affairs of company, and includes a Director or any other person occupying the position of Manager by whatever name called and whether under the contract of service or not."
Section 2(26) defines, "Managing Director" thus;
" 2(26) : Managing Director means a Director, who by virtue of an agreement with the company or a resolution passed by the company in the general meeting or by its Board of Directors or by virtue of its memorandum or articles of association is entrusted with substantial powers of the management, which would not otherwise be exercisable by him and includes the Director, occupying the position of Managing Director by whatever name called."
The distinction between Manager and Managing Director is that, while the Manager by virtue of his office has the management of whole or substantially whole of the affairs of the company, the Managing Director has to be entrusted with such powers of the management as may be thought fit. The powers of management are required to be delegated upon the Managing Director, either by an agreement with the company or by a resolution passed by the Board of Directors in its general meeting or by virtue of its memorandum or article of association. It is not the name by which the person is called but the position he occupies and the functions and duties which he discharges that determines whether infact, he is in charge of and responsible to the company or not.
Taking this distinction into consideration, there need not be a presumption of accused No. 3 being in-charge of or responsible to the company for production of objectional drug. Although Food Inspector has obtained information from the company itself that the respondent No.3 is the Managing Director, further details such as agreement between him and the company or resolution passed by the Board of Directors etc. by which substantial powers of management are conferred upon accused No. 3, are neither obtained nor incorporated in the complaint.
16. On reference to Section 34 as a whole, there is a presumption of being guilty against the person, who is in-charge of and responsible to the company, and such a person is liable to be punished unless he proves that offence was committed, without his knowledge or inspite of exercise of due diligence to prevent the commission of offence. By virtue of sub-section (2) which is given overriding effect over sub-section (1) by non-obstante clause in its opening part, the prosecution is obliged to prove that the offence has been committed with the consent or connivance of or is attributable to any neglect on the part of any Director, Manager, Secretary or other officer of the company, before drawing a presumption of guilty against such individual.
Taking into consideration the over riding effect given to sub-section (2) it will be responsibility of the prosecution to first indicate and prove that objectionable drug was manufactured with the consent or in connivance of the Managing Director or production of the said drug is attributable to any neglect on the part of the Managing Director, only thereafter, he would be presumed to be the person in charge of and is responsible to the company for conduct of business and will be obliged to establish absence of knowledge or exercise of due diligence in order to seek exoneration.
17. In the recent judgment in the case of U.P.Pollution Control Board Vs. Mohan Meakins , the order issuing process passed by the Chief Judicial Magistrate against the Directors of M/s Mohan Meakins for the offence under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 was quashed by the Sessions Judge. The Pollution Control Board moved the High Court in revision, which was dismissed by the High Court. While dismissing the appeal preferred by the Pollution Control Board and directing the trial court to proceed with the case, supreme Court observed in para No. 12;
" In the above context what is to be looked at during the stage of issuing process is whether there are allegations in the complaint by which the Managers or Directors of the Company can also be proceeded against, when the Company is alleged to be guilty of the offence."
The complaint contained averments that accused persons i.e. Directors/Managers/Partners of M/s Mohan Meakins were responsible for constructing the proper works and plant for the treatment of their highly polluting trade effluent so as to conform to the standard laid down by the Board. It also alleged that accused persons were deliberately avoiding to abide by the provisions of the said Act. It was in the light of factual averments in the complaint, the Supreme Court was of the view that the Directors and Managing Directors of the company were liable to be proceeded against according to law.
In the matter at hands, except the bare statement that accused Nos. 3 and 4 are the Directors of the company, there are no averments that they are in charge of or responsible to the company, not even in the form of bald statement.
18. Before closing, reference to paragraphs Nos. 17 and 19 of the judgment in the matter of Ram Kishan Rohatagi (supra) is inevitable. After referring to the powers to proceed against other persons appearing to be guilty of offence as contained in Section 319 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 in para No. 17 of the judgment, the Supreme Court made following observations in para No.19;
" In the circumstances, therefore, if the prosecution can at any stage produce evidence which satisfies the court that the other accused or those who have not been arrayed as accused against whom proceedings have been quashed have also committed the offence the Court can take cognizance against them and try them along with the other accused. But, we would hasten to add that this is really an extraordinary power which is conferred on the court and should be used very sparing and only if compelling reasons exist for taking cognizance against the other person against whom action has not been taken. ...... We leave the entire matter to the discretion of the court concerned so that it may act according to law. We would, however, make it plain that the mere fact that the proceedings have been quashed against respondents 2 to 5 will not prevent the court from exercising its discretion if it is fully satisfied that a case for taking cognizance against them has been made out on the additional evidence led before it."
19. The Writ Petitions are, therefore, allowed and the process issued against petitioners shall stand recalled, however, by clarifying, as in the case of Ram Kishan Rohatagi - , that mere fact that process against the petitioners is recalled will not prevent the trial court from exercising its discretion, if it is fully satisfied that the case for taking cognizance against them has been made out on the additional evidence that may be led before it.
Rule is accordingly made absolute, with clarification.


CHARA
battle
find your own character rankings
Search your favorite series
battle each character to reveal your definitive ranking!
find your own character rankings
battle each character to reveal your definitive ranking!


When I coded a solution to Project Euler Problem 11, I used a Java BiFunction() to create a lambda expression with two parameters. I then needed a Java TriFunction() to pass three parameters. Java 8 did not have one. I had to get my article published so I left the code as is. This meant that the code that multiplied matrix cells was coded to multiply four cells.
Here is an example of a BiFunction() with two parameters that can be converted to three inputs if we use curried functions:
final BiFunctioncolumnProduct = (row, col) -> matrix[row][col] * matrix[row][col + 1] * matrix[row][col + 2] * matrix[row][col + 3];
If the product length can be passed as a parameter, the function can multiple any number of cells not just four.
Defining a a three parameter standalone lambda expression in Scala is straightforward:
val columnProduct = (row:Int, col:Int, columnDelta:Int) => (for(offset <- 0 to columnDelta) yield matrix(row)(col + offset).toLong).product
or a more simple example:
val product = (x:Int, y:Int, z:Int) => x * y * z
A Scala lambda expression passed as a function parameter is even easier to read. It's obvious that the calcProduct() lambda expression below in the argument list takes three Ints and returns a Long.
def matrixProduct(matrix: Array[Array[Int]], calcProduct: (Int, Int, Int) => Long, rowDelta:Int, columnDelta:Int) = { (for (row
A Java alternative to the TriFunction() is curried functions. The Java syntax is not as elegant as what is possible in Scala but it gets the job done. It is possible to code a TriFunction() but for this article, I want to discuss curried functions.
The purpose of the expression to calculate the product of matrix cells. Notice that the number of cells is not hard coded.
private final Function>> columnProduct = row -> col -> productLength -> columnProductImpl(row, col, productLength, 1); private int columnProductImpl(int row, int col, int columnDelta, int product) { if (columnDelta < 0) return product; return columnProductImpl(row, col, columnDelta - 1, product * matrix[row][col + columnDelta]); }
A simplified version without the productLength parameter looks like:
Function> columnProduct = row -> col -> columnProductImpl(row, col);
This means that we have a lambda expression that takes an Integer input and returns another lambda expression. The returned lambda expression takes an Integer input and returns an Integer.
Let's add some parentheses to make this clearer:
row -> (col -> columnProductImpl(row, col));
So row is the input and (col -> columnProductImpl(row, col)) is the returned value. This returned value is itself a lambda expression. Looks a lot like function composite, eh?
How do we call a lambda expression from a function? Look at the example below. The last parameter to calculateCellProduct() is a lambda expression. That lambda is passed as a parameter to to the map() function by calling the apply() function. This is the same syntax used to call a lambda expression in Scala.
private int calculateCellProduct(int row, int productLen, final int[][] matrix, Function>> calcProduct) { return IntStream.range(0, matrix[0].length - (productLen + 1)) .map( col -> calcProduct.apply(row).apply(col).apply(productLen) ) .max() .getAsInt(); }
So what is happening in the map() function? The evaluation proceeds as follows:
As you can see defining nested lambda expressions gets rather verbose. The payoff though, is the invocation statement that is relatively easy to read. The Function final version of the program is pretty verbose but there is another solution.
Java has many Functional Interfaces to support functons. Some of them are designed to automatically box primitives. One of these, IntFunction, can simplify the program above. Since the input type of the lambda is always an Integer, using IntFunction and IntUnaryOperator makes the program a bit shorter and simpler.
Notice the following pattern in the code example:
Function>>;
Since the program just processes Integers, the code can be simplified by using the following pattern.
IntFunction< IntFunction>
IntFunction takes an Integer input and a type R return parameter whereas Function
The IntFunction final result is simpler.
I think Java 8's functional syntax is somewhat messy. Instead of consistently calling apply() to call a lambda there is also a call to applyAsInt(). These must be some reason for this but I am not sure what the designers of Java 8 were trying to accomplish. However, Java 8 brings some degree of function programming to the Java domain.
You can switch to Scala, Haskell, or Clojure but those languages require a huge transitional effort for large companies. The sane course for those enterprises is to remain with Java and live with the quirky syntax.
Back to the original point of using the lambdas. After all of these changes, we now have a program that can multiple an arbitrary numbers of cells in the matrix.
If you you have a question or a comment, please leave one below.


Checking to see if Japanese people like root beer
by Mark FrauenfelderRoot beer is not common in Japan (apart from Okinawa). In this video, That Japanese Man Yuta goes to a park in Japan and asks people to drink some and describe it. Most people dislike it, saying it tastes like medicine, mouthwash, "pain relief pads," or "the stuff you put on when you get bitten by a mosquito."


In the middle of the night, in a house on a quiet street in suburban Minneapolis, intruders silently murder Luke Ellis’s parents and load him into a black SUV. The operation takes less than two minutes..
★ ★ ★ ★ ☆
SpongeBob Goes to the Doctor
Nickelodeon
Children
9,9 $
SpongeBob SquarePants has come down with a bad case of the suds and he's afraid to go to the doctor. But when being sick means having to miss a day of work at the Krusty Krab, Spongebob must face his fear!
★ ★ ★ ★ ☆
Python for Kids
J.Briggs
Computers
9,9 $
Python is a powerful, expressive programming language that’s easy to learn and fun to use! But books about learning to program in Python can be kind of dull, gray, and boring, and that’s no fun for anyone.
Python for Kids brings Python to life and brings you (and your parents) into the world of programming. The ever-patient Jason R. Briggs will guide you through the basics as you experiment with unique (and often hilarious) example programs that feature ravenous monsters, secret agents, thieving ravens, and more. New terms are defined; code is colored, dissected, and explained; and quirky, full-color illustrations keep things on the lighter side.
★ ★ ★ ★ ☆
Elon Musk...
Ashlee Vance
History
9,9 $
This fascinating and easily accessible paperback young readers’ adaptation of Ashlee Vance’s New York Times bestselling Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future features black-and-white photographs throughout and an epilogue.
★ ★ ★ ★ ☆
The Outsiders
S. E. Hinton
Fiction
9,9 $
No one ever said life was easy. But Ponyboy is pretty sure that he's got things figured out. He knows that he can count on his brothers, Darry and Sodapop. And he knows that he can count on his friends—true friends who would do anything for him, like Johnny and Two-Bit. But not on much else besides trouble with the Socs, a vicious gang of rich kids whose idea of a good time is beating up on “greasers” like Ponyboy. At least he knows what to expect—until the night someone takes things too far.
★ ★ ★ ★ ☆
The Art of War
Sun Tzu
History
9,9 $
Long considered the most essential treatise on military strategy and tactics, The Art of War comprises thirteen chapters, each dedicated to a different aspect of warfare. Reaching far beyond the battlefield, it is a manifesto for success in every kind of conflict or competition, having had a notable influence on various subjects such as law, sports, and interpersonal relationships.


deal with elaborate on the notion subject
equal egalitarian king
sitting to around that table
who listen listened to his
We He did not have
famous knight known for his
because according
media icon of the media
got early a job
got an early a job
this her entry
lots of award many awards
strength strong woman
an influent influential woman
like and king
are charismatic character characters
to accomplished accomplish
at to the rank of the heroes
if they just accomplished
by this way inspire thereby inspiring
They created can create new concept concepts that some influenced can influence people followed to increase the life better their lives in our society society.
so created
intelligence a and strength
has had children of her own
period on of her
lifes lives
wants want to look like
by some author like Mr Malory for example and other authors
they influenced influence the mind
adult both adults and children also


DRAWCIRCLE draw a circle on the current axis drawCircle(X0, Y0, R); Draw the circle with center (X0,Y0) and the radius R. If X0, Y0 and R are column vectors of the same length, draw each circle successively. drawCircle(CIRCLE); Concatenate all parameters in a Nx3 array, where N is the number of circles to draw. drawCircle(CENTER, RADIUS); Specify CENTER as Nx2 array, and radius as a Nx1 array. drawCircle(..., NSTEP); use NSTEP points to draw the curve. Default number is 128. drawCircle(..., NAME, VALUE); Specifies plotting options as pair of parameters name/value. See plot documentation for details. H = drawCircle(...); return handles to each created curve. See also: circles2d, drawCircleArc, drawEllipse --------- author : David Legland INRA - TPV URPOI - BIA IMASTE created the 31/10/2003.