| Class Summary | |
|---|---|
| AboveAverage | Describe the AboveAverage conditional formatting rule. This conditional formatting rule highlights cells that are above or below the average for all values in the range. |
| AbstractCalculationMonitor | Monitor for user to track the progress of formula calculation. |
| ArcShape | Represents the arc shape. |
| Area | Encapsulates the object that represents an area format. |
| AutoFilter | Represents autofiltering for the specified worksheet. |
| AutoFitterOptions | Represents all auto fitter options. |
| AutomaticFill | represents automatic fill. |
| Axis | Encapsulates the object that represents a chart's axis. |
| Bevel | Represents a bevel of a shape |
| Border | Encapsulates the object that represents the cell border. |
| BorderCollection |
Encapsulates a collection of |
| BuiltInDocumentPropertyCollection | A collection of built-in document properties. |
| Button | Represents the Forms control: Button |
| CalculationData | Represents the required data when calculating one function, such as function name, parameters, ...etc. |
| CalculationOptions | Represents options for calculation. |
| Cell | Encapsulates the object that represents a single Workbook cell. |
| CellArea | Represent an area of cells. |
| Cells |
Encapsulates a collection of |
| CellsColor | Represents all types of color. |
| CellsDrawing | Represents the auto shape and drawing object. |
| CellsException | The exception that is thrown when Aspose.Cells specified error occurs. |
| CellsFactory | Represents the factory of the cells's classes |
| CellsHelper | Provides helper functions. |
| CellWatch | Represents Cell Watch Item in the 'watch window'. |
| CellWatchCollection | Represents the collection of cells on this worksheet being watched in the 'watch window'. |
| Chart | Encapsulates the object that represents a single Excel chart. |
| ChartArea | Encapsulates the object that represents the chart area in the worksheet. |
| ChartCollection |
Encapsulates a collection of |
| ChartDataTable | Represents a chart data table. |
| ChartFrame | Encapsulates the object that represents the frame object in a chart. |
| ChartPoint | Represents a single point in a series in a chart. |
| ChartPointCollection | Represents a collection that contains all the points in one series. |
| ChartShape | Represents the shape of the chart. Properties and methods for the ChartObject object control the appearance and size of the embedded chart on the worksheet. |
| ChartTextFrame | Encapsulates the object that represents the frame object which contains text. |
| CheckBox | Represents a check box object in a worksheet. |
| CheckBoxCollection |
Represents a collection of |
| CollectionBase | Provides the abstract base class for a strongly typed collection. |
| Color | Represents an ARGB (alpha, red, green, blue) color. |
| ColorFilter | Represents the color filter. |
| ColorHelper | Provides helper functions about color. |
| ColorScale | Describe the ColorScale conditional formatting rule. This conditional formatting rule creates a gradated color scale on the cells. |
| Column | Represents a single column in a worksheet. |
| ColumnCollection | Collects the objects that represent the individual columns in a worksheet. |
| ComboBox | Represents the control form ComboBox. |
| Comment | Encapsulates the object that represents a cell comment. |
| CommentCollection |
Encapsulates a collection of |
| CommentShape | Represents the shape of the comment. |
| ConditionalFormattingCollection |
Encapsulates a collection of |
| ConditionalFormattingIcon | Represents the custom icon of conditional formatting rule. |
| ConditionalFormattingIconCollection |
Represents a collection of |
| ConditionalFormattingResult | Represents the result of conditional formatting which applies to a cell. |
| ConditionalFormattingValue | Describes the values of the interpolation points in a gradient scale, dataBar or iconSet. |
| ConditionalFormattingValueCollection | Describes a collection of CFValueObject. Use only for icon sets. |
| ContentTypeProperty | Represents identifier information. |
| ContentTypePropertyCollection |
A collection of |
| CopyOptions | Represents the copy options. |
| CustomDocumentPropertyCollection | A collection of custom document properties. |
| CustomFilter | Represents the custom filter. |
| CustomFilterCollection | Represents the custom filters. |
| CustomGeometry | Represents a custom geometric shape. |
| CustomProperty | Represents identifier information. |
| CustomPropertyCollection |
A collection of |
| CustomXmlShape | Represents Custom xml shape ,such as Ink. |
| DataBar | Describe the DataBar conditional formatting rule. This conditional formatting rule displays a gradated data bar in the range of cells. |
| DataBarBorder | Represents the border of the data bars specified by a conditional formatting rule. |
| DataLabels | Encapsulates a collection of all the DataLabel objects for the specified Series. |
| DataSorter | Summary description for DataSorter. |
| DateTime | Represents an instant in time, typically expressed as a date and time of day. |
| DateTimeGroupItem | Represents the datetime's group setting. |
| DeleteOptions | Represents the setting of deleting rows/columns. |
| DialogBox | Represents the dialog box. |
| DifSaveOptions | Represents the options of saving dif file. |
| DigitalSignature | Signature in file. |
| DigitalSignatureCollection | Provides a collection of digital signatures attached to a document. |
| DisplayUnitLabel | Represents the display unit label. |
| DocumentProperty | Represents a custom or built-in document property. |
| DocumentPropertyCollection |
Base class for |
| DropBars | Represents the up/down bars in a chart. |
| DxfCollection | Represents the master differential formatting records. |
| DynamicFilter | Represents the dynamic filter. |
| Encoding | Represents a character encoding. |
| ErrorBar | Represents error bar of data series. |
| ErrorCheckOption | Error check setting applied on certain ranges. |
| ErrorCheckOptionCollection | Represents all erorr check option. |
| ExternalLink | Represents an external link in a workbook. |
| ExternalLinkCollection | Represents external links collection in a workbook. |
| FileFontSource | Represents the single TrueType font file stored in the file system. |
| FileFormatInfo |
Contains data returned by |
| FileFormatUtil | Provides utility methods for converting file format enums to strings or file extensions and back. |
| Fill | Represents the fill format of the shape. |
| FillFormat | Encapsulates the object that represents fill formatting for a shape. |
| FilterColumn | Represents a filter for a single column. The Filter object is a member of the Filters collection |
| FilterColumnCollection | A collection of Filter objects that represents all the filters in an autofiltered range. |
| FindOptions | Represents find options. |
| Floor | Encapsulates the object that represents the floor of a 3-D chart. |
| FolderFontSource | Represents the folder that contains TrueType font files. |
| Font | Encapsulates the font object used in a spreadsheet. |
| FontConfigs | Specifies font settings |
| FontSetting | Represents a range of characters within the cell text. |
| FontSourceBase | This is an abstract base class for the classes that allow the user to specify various font sources |
| Format3D | This class specifies the 3D shape properties for a chart element or shape. |
| FormatCondition | Represents conditional formatting condition. |
| FormatConditionCollection | Represents conditional formatting. The FormatConditions can contain up to three conditional formats. |
| Geometry | Represents a geometric shape. |
| GlobalizationSettings | Repsents the globalization settings. |
| GlowEffect | This class specifies a glow effect, in which a color blurred outline is added outside the edges of the object. |
| GradientFill | Represents the gradient fill. |
| GradientStop | Represents the gradient stop. |
| GradientStopCollection | Represents the gradient stop collection. |
| GroupBox | Encapsulates the object that represents a groupbox in a spreadsheet. |
| GroupFill | Represents this fill format should inherit the fill properties of the group. |
| GroupShape | Represents the group shape which contains the individual shapes. |
| HeaderFooterCommand | Represents the command of header/footer |
| HorizontalPageBreak | Encapsulates the object that represents a horizontal page break. |
| HorizontalPageBreakCollection |
Encapsulates a collection of |
| HTMLLoadOptions | Represents options when importing a html file. |
| HtmlSaveOptions | Represents the options for saving html file. |
| Hyperlink | Encapsulates the object that represents a hyperlink. |
| HyperlinkCollection |
Encapsulates a collection of |
| IconFilter | Represents icon filter. |
| IconSet | Describe the IconSet conditional formatting rule. This conditional formatting rule applies icons to cells according to their values. |
| ImageFormat | Specifies the file format of the image. |
| ImageOrPrintOptions | Allows to specify options when rendering worksheet to images, printing worksheet or rendering chart to image. |
| ImageSaveOptions | Represents image save options |
| IndividualFontConfigs |
Font configs for each |
| Label | Encapsulates the object that represents a label in a spreadsheet. |
| Legend | Encapsulates the object that represents the chart legend. |
| LegendEntry | Represents a legend entry in a chart legend. |
| LegendEntryCollection |
Represents a collection of all the |
| License | Provides methods to license the component. |
| Line | Encapsulates the object that represents the line format. |
| LineFormat | Represents all setting of the line. |
| LineShape | Represents the line shape. |
| ListBox | Represents a list box object. |
| ListColumn | Represents a column in a list. |
| ListColumnCollection |
Represents A collection of all the |
| ListObject | Represents a list object on a worksheet. The ListObject object is a member of the ListObjects collection. The ListObjects collection contains all the list objects on a worksheet. |
| ListObjectCollection |
Represents a collection of |
| LoadFilter | Represents the filter that provides options for loading data when loading workbook from template. |
| LoadOptions | Represents the options of loading the file. |
| Marker | Represents the marker in a line chart, scatter chart, or radar chart. |
| MemoryFontSource | Represents the single TrueType font file stored in memory. |
| Metered | Provides methods to set metered key. |
| MsoFillFormat | Represents fill formatting for a shape. |
| MsoFillFormatHelper | Represents fill formatting for a shape. |
| MsoFormatPicture | Reprensents the picture format. |
| MsoLineFormat | Represents line and arrowhead formatting. |
| MsoLineFormatHelper | Represents line and arrowhead formatting. |
| MsoTextFrame | Represents the text frame in a Shape object. |
| MultipleFilterCollection | Represents the multiple filte collection. |
| Name | Represents a defined name for a range of cells. |
| NameCollection |
Represents a collection of all the |
| NegativeBarFormat | Represents the color settings of the data bars for negative values that are defined by a data bar conditional formating rule. |
| NoneFill | Represents no fill. |
| OdsSaveOptions | Represents the options of saving ods file. |
| OleObject | Represents an OleObject in a worksheet. |
| OleObjectCollection | Represents embedded OLE objects. |
| OoxmlSaveOptions | Represents the options of saving office open xml file. |
| Oval | Represents the oval shape. |
| PageSetup | Encapsulates the object that represents the page setup description. The PageSetup object contains all page setup options. |
| PaneCollection | Represents all Pane objects shown in the specified window. |
| PasteOptions | Represents the paste special options. |
| PatternFill | Encapsulates the object that represents pattern fill format |
| PdfBookmarkEntry | PdfBookmarkEntry is an entry in pdf bookmark. if Text property of current instance is null or "", current instance will be hidden and children will be inserted on current level. |
| PdfSaveOptions | Represents the options for saving pdf file. |
| PdfSecurityOptions | Settings of pdf when converting excel to pdf, PDF/A does not allow security setting. |
| PicFormatOption | Represents pictrue format option |
| Picture | Encapsulates the object that represents a single picture in a spreadsheet. |
| PictureCollection |
Encapsulates a collection of |
| PivotField | Represents a field in a PivotTable report. |
| PivotFieldCollection | Represents a collection of all the PivotField objects in the PivotTable's specific PivotFields type. |
| PivotFilter | Represents a PivotFilter in PivotFilter Collection. |
| PivotFilterCollection | Represents a collection of all the PivotFilter objects |
| PivotFormatCondition | Represents a PivotTable Format Condition in PivotFormatCondition Collection. |
| PivotFormatConditionCollection | Represents PivotTable Format Conditions. |
| PivotItem | Represents a item in a PivotField report. |
| PivotItemCollection | Represents a collection of all the PivotItem objects in the PivotField's |
| PivotPageFields | Represents the pivot page field items if the pivot table data source is consolidation ranges. It only can contain up to 4 fields. |
| PivotTable | Summary description for PivotTable. |
| PivotTableCollection | Represents the collection of all the PivotTable objects on the specified worksheet. |
| PlotArea | Encapsulates the object that represents the plot area in a chart. |
| ProtectedRange | A specified range to be allowed to edit when the sheet protection is ON. |
| ProtectedRangeCollection |
Encapsulates a collection of |
| Protection | Represents the various types of protection options available for a worksheet. Only used in ExcelXP and above version. |
| QueryTable | Represents QueryTable information. |
| QueryTableCollection |
A collection of |
| RadioButton | Represents a radion button. |
| Range | Encapsulates the object that represents a range of cells within a spreadsheet. |
| RangeCollection |
Encapsulates a collection of |
| RectangleShape | Represents the rectangle shape. |
| ReferredArea | Represents a referred area by the formula. |
| ReferredAreaCollection | Represents all referred cells and areas. |
| ReflectionEffect | This class specifies a reflection effect. |
| ReplaceOptions | Represent the replace options. |
| Row | Represents a single row in a worksheet. |
| RowCollection | Collects the objects that represent the individual rows in a worksheet. |
| SaveOptions | Represents all save options |
| Scenario | Represents an individual scenario. |
| ScenarioCollection | Represents the list of scenarios. |
| ScenarioInputCell | Represents input cell for the scenario. |
| ScenarioInputCellCollection | Represents the list of the scenario's input cells. |
| ScrollBar | Represents a scroll bar object. |
| Series | Encapsulates the object that represents a single data series in a chart. |
| SeriesCollection |
Encapsulates a collection of |
| ShadowEffect | This class specifies the shadow effect of the chart element or shape. |
| Shape | Represents the msodrawing object. |
| ShapeCollection | Represents all the shape in a worksheet/chart. |
| ShapeFormat | Represents the format of the shape or text. |
| ShapeGuide | Encapsulates a shape guide specifies the precense of a shape guide that will be used to govern the geometry of the specifiedshape |
| ShapeGuideCollection | Encapsulates a collection of shape guide |
| ShapePath | Represents a creation path consisting of a series of moves, lines and curves that when combined will form a geometric shape. |
| ShapePathCollection | Represents path collection information in NotPrimitive autoshape |
| ShapePathPoint | Represents an x-y coordinate within the path coordinate space. |
| ShapePathPointCollection | Represents all shape path points. |
| ShapePropertyCollection | This class specifies the visual shape properties for a chart element or shape. |
| ShapeSegmentPath | Represents a segment path in a path of the freeform. |
| ShapeSegmentPathCollection | Represents a creation path consisting of a series of moves, lines and curves that when combined will form a geometric shape. |
| SheetRender | Represents a worksheet render which can render worksheet to various images such as (BMP, PNG, JPEG, TIFF..) The constructor of this class , must be used after modification of pagesetup, cell style. |
| SignatureLine | Represent the singature line. |
| SmartTag | Represents a smart tag. |
| SmartTagCollection | Represents all smart tags in the cell. |
| SmartTagOptions | Represents the options of the smart tag. |
| SmartTagProperty | Represents the property of the cell smart tag. |
| SmartTagPropertyCollection | Represents all properties of cell smart tag. |
| SmartTagSetting |
Represents all |
| SolidFill | Encapsulates the object that represents solid fill format |
| Sparkline | A sparkline represents a tiny chart or graphic in a worksheet cell that provides a visual representation of data. |
| SparklineCollection |
Encapsulates a collection of |
| SparklineGroup | |
| SparklineGroupCollection |
Encapsulates a collection of |
| Spinner | Represents the Forms control: Spinner. |
| SpreadsheetML2003SaveOptions | Represents the options for saving Excel 2003 spreadml file. |
| Style | Represents display style of excel document,such as font,color,alignment,border,etc. |
| StyleCollection |
Encapsulates a collection of |
| StyleFlag | Represents flags which indicates applied formatting properties. |
| SvgSaveOptions | Represents Svg save options |
| SxRng | Represents Group Range in a PivotField. |
| TableStyle | Represents the table style. |
| TableStyleCollection | Represents all custom table styles. |
| TableStyleElement | Represents the element of the table style. |
| TableStyleElementCollection | Represents all elements of the table style. |
| TextBox | Encapsulates the object that represents a textbox in a spreadsheet. |
| TextBoxCollection |
Encapsulates a collection of |
| TextEffectFormat | Contains properties and methods that apply to WordArt objects. |
| TextureFill | Encapsulates the object that represents texture fill format |
| ThemeColor | Represents a theme color. |
| ThreeDFormat | Represents a shape's three-dimensional formatting. |
| TickLabels | Represents the tick-mark labels associated with tick marks on a chart axis. |
| TilePicOption | Represents tile picture as texture. |
| Title | Encapsulates the object that represents the title of chart or axis. |
| Top10 | Describe the Top10 conditional formatting rule. This conditional formatting rule highlights cells whose values fall in the top N or bottom N bracket, as specified. |
| Top10Filter | Represents the top 10 filter. |
| Trendline | Represents a trendline in a chart. |
| TrendlineCollection |
Represents a collection of all the |
| TxtLoadOptions | Represents the options for loading text file. |
| TxtSaveOptions | Repesents the save options for csv/tab delimitered/other text format. |
| Validation | Represents data validation.settings. |
| ValidationCollection | Represents data validation collection. |
| VbaModule | Represents module that is contained in VBA project. |
| VbaModuleCollection |
Represents the list of |
| VbaProject | Represents the VBA project. |
| VbaProjectReference | Represents the refernece of VBA project. |
| VbaProjectReferenceCollection | Represents all referneces of VBA project. |
| VerticalPageBreak | Encapsulates the object that represents a vertical page break. |
| VerticalPageBreakCollection |
Encapsulates a collection of |
| Walls | Encapsulates the object that represents the walls of a 3-D chart. |
| Workbook | Represents a root object to create an Excel spreadsheet. |
| WorkbookDesigner | Encapsulates the object that represents a designer spreadsheet. |
| WorkbookRender | Represents a Workbook render. The constructor of this class , must be used after modification of pagesetup, cell style. |
| WorkbookSettings | Represents all seetings of the workbook. |
| Worksheet | Encapsulates the object that represents a single worksheet. |
| WorksheetCollection |
Encapsulates a collection of |
| WriteProtection | Specifies write protection settings for a workbook. |
| XlsbSaveOptions | Represents the options for saving xlsb file. |
| XlsSaveOptions | Represents the save options for the Excel 97-2003 file format: xls and xlt. |
| XmlColumnProperty | Represents Xml Data Binding information. |
| XmlMap | Represents Xml map information. |
| XmlMapCollection |
A collection of |
| XpsSaveOptions | Represents the additional options when saving the file as the Xps. |
| Constant Summary | |
|---|---|
| AutoShapeType | Utility class containing constants. Represents all built-in auto shape type. |
| AxisType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the axis type. |
| BackgroundMode | Utility class containing constants. Represents the display mode of the background. |
| BackgroundType | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates cell background pattern types. |
| Bar3DShapeType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the shape used with the 3-D bar or column chart. |
| BevelPresetType | Utility class containing constants. Represents a preset for a type of bevel which can be applied to a shape in 3D. |
| BevelType | Utility class containing constants. Represents a preset for a type of bevel which can be applied to a shape in 3D. |
| BorderType | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates the border line and diagonal line types. |
| BubbleSizeRepresents | Utility class containing constants. Represents what the bubble size represents on a bubble chart. |
| BuiltinStyleType | Utility class containing constants. Represents all builin style type |
| CalcModeType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the mode type of calculating formulas. |
| CalculationPrecisionStrategy | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates strategies for handling calculation precision. Because of the precision issue of IEEE 754 Floating-Point Arithmetic, some "seemingly simple" formulas may not be calcualted as the expected result. Such as formula "=-0.45+0.43+0.02", when calcuating operands by '+' operator directly, the result is not zero. For such kind of precision issue, some special strategies may give the expected result. |
| CategoryType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the category axis type. |
| CellBorderType | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates a cell's border type. |
| CellValueFormatStrategy | Utility class containing constants. Specifies how to apply style for the value of the cell. |
| CellValueType | Utility class containing constants. Specifies a cell value type. |
| ChartLineFormattingType | Utility class containing constants. Rerepsents line format type of chart line. |
| ChartMarkerType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the marker style in a line chart, scatter chart, or radar chart. |
| ChartSplitType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the way the two sections of either a pie of pie chart or a bar of pie chart are split. |
| ChartType | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates all chart types used in Excel. |
| CheckValueType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the check value type of the check box. |
| ColorDepth | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates Bit Depth Type for tiff image. |
| ColorType | Utility class containing constants. Represents all color type |
| ConsolidationFunction | Utility class containing constants. Represents consolidation function. |
| CountryCode | Utility class containing constants. Represents Excel country identifiers. |
| CrossType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the axis cross type. |
| DataBarAxisPosition | Utility class containing constants. Specifies the axis position for a range of cells with conditional formatting as data bars. |
| DataBarBorderType | Utility class containing constants. Specifies the border type of a data bar. |
| DataBarFillType | Utility class containing constants. Specifies how a data bar is filled with color. |
| DataBarNegativeColorType | Utility class containing constants. Specifies whether to use the same border and fill color as postive data bars. |
| DataLabelShapeType | Utility class containing constants. Specifies the preset shape geometry that is to be used for a chart. |
| DataLablesSeparatorType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the separator type of DataLables. |
| DateTimeGroupingType | Utility class containing constants. Specifies how to group dateTime values. |
| DirectoryType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the directory type of the file name. |
| DisplayDrawingObjects | Utility class containing constants. Represents whether and how to show objects in the workbook. |
| DisplayUnitType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the type of display unit. |
| DynamicFilterType | Utility class containing constants. Dynamic filter type. |
| EncryptionType | Utility class containing constants. Encryption Type. Only used by excel2003. We will encrypt 2007/2010 workbook using SHA AES the same as Excel does, and this EncryptionType will be ignored. |
| ErrorBarDisplayType | Utility class containing constants. Represents error bar display type. |
| ErrorBarType | Utility class containing constants. Represents error bar amount type. |
| ErrorCheckType | Utility class containing constants. Represents all error check type. |
| ExceptionType | Utility class containing constants. Represents custom exception type code. |
| ExternalLinkType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the type of external link. |
| FileFormatType | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates spreadsheet file format types |
| FillPattern | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates shape fill pattern types. |
| FillPictureType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the picture fill type. |
| FillType | Utility class containing constants. Fill format type. |
| FilterOperatorType | Utility class containing constants. InnerCustom Filter operator type. |
| FilterType | Utility class containing constants. The filter type. |
| FontSchemeType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the scheme type of the font. |
| FontSourceType | Utility class containing constants. Specifies the type of a font source. |
| FontUnderlineType | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates the font underline types. |
| FormatConditionType | Utility class containing constants. Conditional format rule type. |
| FormatConditionValueType | Utility class containing constants. Condition value type. |
| FormatSetType | Utility class containing constants. Fill format set type. |
| FormattingType | Utility class containing constants.
Represents the type of formatting applied to an |
| GradientColorType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the gradient color type for the specified fill. |
| GradientDirectionType | Utility class containing constants. Represents all direction type of gradient. |
| GradientFillType | Utility class containing constants. Represents all Gradient fill type. |
| GradientPresetType | Utility class containing constants. Represents gradient preset color type. |
| GradientStyleType | Utility class containing constants. Represents gradient shading style. |
| GridlineType | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates grid line Type. |
| HeaderFooterCommandType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the command type of header and footer. |
| HtmlCrossType | Utility class containing constants. Represents three types of html corss string. |
| HtmlExportDataOptions | Utility class containing constants. Represents the options for exporting html data. |
| HtmlHiddenColDisplayType | Utility class containing constants. Represents two types of showing the hidden col in html. |
| HtmlHiddenRowDisplayType | Utility class containing constants. Represents two types of showing the hidden row in html. |
| HtmlLinkTargetType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the type of target attribute in HTML tag. |
| IconSetType | Utility class containing constants. Icon set type for conditional formatting. The threshold values for triggering the different icons within a set are configurable, and the icon order is reversible. |
| ImageType | Utility class containing constants. Specifies the type (format) of an image. |
| LabelPositionType | Utility class containing constants. Represents data label position type. |
| LegendPositionType | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates the legend position types. |
| LightRigDirectionType | Utility class containing constants. Repesents the light rig direction type. |
| LightRigType | Utility class containing constants. Represents a preset light right that can be applied to a shape |
| LineCapType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the caps of a line |
| LineJoinType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the join styles of a line. |
| LineType | Utility class containing constants.
Enumerates the type of |
| LoadDataFilterOptions | Utility class containing constants. Represents the options to filter data when loading workbook from template. |
| LoadFormat | Utility class containing constants. Represents the load file format. |
| LookAtType | Utility class containing constants. Represents look at type. |
| LookInType | Utility class containing constants. Represents look in type. |
| MemorySetting | Utility class containing constants. Memory usage options. |
| MirrorType | Utility class containing constants. Represents mirror type of textrue fill |
| MsoArrowheadLength | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates the line end width of the shape border line. |
| MsoArrowheadStyle | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates the line end type of the shape border line. |
| MsoArrowheadWidth | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates the line end width of the shape border line. |
| MsoDrawingType | Utility class containing constants. Represents office drawing objects type. |
| MsoLineDashStyle | Utility class containing constants. Represents style of dash drawing lines. |
| MsoLineStyle | Utility class containing constants. Represents style of drawing lines. |
| MsoPresetTextEffect | Utility class containing constants. Represents preset text effect type of WordArt. |
| MsoPresetTextEffectShape | Utility class containing constants. Represents preset text effect shape type of WordArt. |
| NumberCategoryType | Utility class containing constants. Represents category type of cell's number formatting. |
| OleFileType | Utility class containing constants. Ole object file type. |
| OoxmlCompliance | Utility class containing constants. Allows to specify which OOXML specification will be used when saving in the Xlsx format. |
| OperatorType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the operator type of conditional format and data validation. |
| Outline | Utility class containing constants. Represents an outline on a worksheet. |
| PageLayoutAlignmentType | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates page layout alignment types. |
| PageOrientationType | Utility class containing constants. Represents print orientation constants. |
| PaperSizeType | Utility class containing constants. Represents paper size constants. |
| ParameterType | Utility class containing constants. Represents all parameters' type or return value type of function. |
| PasteType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the paste special type. |
| PdfCompliance | Utility class containing constants. Allowing user to set PDF convertion's Compatibility |
| PdfCompressionCore | Utility class containing constants. Specifies a type of compression applied to all content in the PDF file except images. |
| PdfOptimizationType | Utility class containing constants. Specifies a type of optimization. |
| PivotConditionFormatRuleType | Utility class containing constants. Represents PivotTable condition formatting rule type. |
| PivotConditionFormatScopeType | Utility class containing constants. Represents PivotTable condition formatting scope type. |
| PivotFieldDataDisplayFormat | Utility class containing constants. Represents data display format in the PivotTable data field. |
| PivotFieldSubtotalType | Utility class containing constants. Summary description for PivotFieldSubtotalType. |
| PivotFieldType | Utility class containing constants. Represents PivotTable field type. |
| PivotFilterType | Utility class containing constants. Represents PivotTable Filter type. |
| PivotGroupByType | Utility class containing constants. Represents PivotTable groupby type. |
| PivotItemPosition | Utility class containing constants. Represents PivotTable base item Next/Previous/All position in the base field . |
| PivotMissingItemLimitType | Utility class containing constants. Represents number of items to retain per field. |
| PivotOptions | Utility class containing constants. Represents a complex type that specifies the pivot controls that appear on the chart |
| PivotTableAutoFormatType | Utility class containing constants. Represents PivotTable auto format type. |
| PivotTableStyleType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the pivot table style type. |
| PlacementType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the way the drawing object is attached to the cells below it. |
| PlotEmptyCellsType | Utility class containing constants. Represents all plot empty cells type of a chart. |
| PresetCameraType | Utility class containing constants. Represent different algorithmic methods for setting all camera properties, including position. |
| PresetMaterialType | Utility class containing constants. Describes surface appearance of a shape. |
| PresetShadowType | Utility class containing constants. Represents preset shadow type. |
| PresetWordArtStyle | Utility class containing constants. Represents the preset WordArt styles. |
| PrintCommentsType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the way comments are printed with the sheet. |
| PrintErrorsType | Utility class containing constants. Represents print errors constants. |
| PrintingPageType | Utility class containing constants. Indicates which pages will not be printed. |
| PrintOrderType | Utility class containing constants. Represent print order constants. |
| PrintSizeType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the printed chart size. |
| PropertyType | Utility class containing constants. Specifies data type of a document property. |
| ProtectionType | Utility class containing constants. Represents workbook/worksheet protection type. |
| RectangleAlignmentType | Utility class containing constants. Represents how to position two rectangles relative to each other. |
| ReflectionEffectType | Utility class containing constants. |
| RenameStrategy | Utility class containing constants. Renames strategy when columns contains the duplicate names. |
| ResourceLoadingType | Utility class containing constants. Represents how to loading the linked resource. |
| SaveFormat | Utility class containing constants. Represents the format in which the workbook is saved. |
| SelectionType | Utility class containing constants. The selection type of list box. |
| ShapeLockType | Utility class containing constants. Represents type of the property to be locked. |
| ShapePathType | Utility class containing constants. Represents path segment type. |
| SheetType | Utility class containing constants. Specifies the worksheet type. |
| ShiftType | Utility class containing constants. Represent the shift options when deleting a range of cells. |
| SmartTagShowType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the show type of the smart tag. |
| SortOrder | Utility class containing constants. Represents sort order for the data range. |
| SparklineAxisMinMaxType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the minimum and maximum value types for the sparkline vertical axis. |
| SparklinePresetStyleType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the preset style types for sparkline. |
| SparklineType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the sparkline types. |
| StyleModifyFlag | Utility class containing constants. The style mofied flags. |
| TableDataSourceType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the table's data source type. |
| TableStyleElementType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the Table or PivotTable style element type. |
| TableStyleType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the built-in table style type. |
| TextAlignmentType | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates text alignment types. |
| TextCapsType | Utility class containing constants. This type specifies the cap types of the text. |
| TextDirectionType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the direction of the text flow for this paragraph. |
| TextOrientationType | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates text orientation types. |
| TextOverflowType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the way the text vertical or horizontal overflow. |
| TextStrikeType | Utility class containing constants. This type specifies the strike type. |
| TextureType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the preset texture type. |
| ThemeColorType | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates the theme color types. |
| TickLabelPositionType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the position type of tick-mark labels on the specified axis. |
| TickMarkType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the tick mark type for the specified axis. |
| TiffCompression | Utility class containing constants. Specifies what type of compression to apply when saving images into TIFF format file. |
| TimePeriodType | Utility class containing constants. Used in a FormatConditionType.TimePeriod conditional formatting rule. These are dynamic time periods, which change based on the date the conditional formatting is refreshed / applied. |
| TimeUnit | Utility class containing constants. Represents the base unit for the category axis. |
| TotalsCalculation | Utility class containing constants. Determines the type of calculation in the Totals row of the list column. |
| TrendlineType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the trendline type. |
| TxtLoadStyleStrategy | Utility class containing constants. Specifies how to apply style for parsed values when converting string value to number or datetime. |
| TxtValueQuoteType | Utility class containing constants. Specifies the type of using quotation marks for values in text format files. |
| UpdateLinksType | Utility class containing constants. Represents how to update links to other workbooks when the workbook is opened. |
| ValidationAlertType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the data validation alert style. |
| ValidationType | Utility class containing constants. Represents data validation type. |
| VbaModuleType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the type of VBA module. |
| VbaProjectReferenceType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the type of VBA project reference. |
| ViewType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the view type of the worksheet. |
| VisibilityType | Utility class containing constants. Represents the states for sheet visibility. |
| WeightType | Utility class containing constants. Enumerates the weight types for a picture border or a chart line. |
See Also:
Aspose.Cells Documentation - the home page for the Aspose.Cellss Product Documentation.
Aspose.Cells Support Forum - our preferred method of support.


Why Graph Will Win
I recently published a warts-and-all 4 part introduction covering RDF, Property Graphs, Graph Schemas and Linked Data. You would be forgiven for concluding that I am not a fan of Graph databases or RDF. One reader on Twitter even accused me of “shitting on RDF”(!).
It’s important to be frank about the problems of graphs and RDF and not just whistle the marketing tune because as soon as the technology is out there in the hands of developers, they will find the problems and will be inclined to reject the technology as pure hype if all they have heard are songs of breathless wonder. In the last couple of years, while trying to sell graph databases into bricks and mortar companies, by far the most hostile reactions I’ve come across have been from technologists who got bitten by the Semantic Web bug in the early 2000s. Once bitten twice shy.
However, if you were to assume that I’m a critic of graph databases, you would be very wrong. I’ve spent most of the last decade building graph database management systems because to me it’s incredibly obvious that in the long run graph is going to win and here’s why.
The point of all databases is to provide as accurate a representation of some aspect of external reality as possible.
The fundamental advantage of graph databases is that they model the world as things that have properties and relationships with other things.
This is closer to the way that humans perceive the world — mapping between whatever aspect of external reality you are interested in and the data model is an order of magnitude easier than with relational databases. Everything is pre-joined — you don’t have to disassemble objects into normalised tables and reassemble them with joins.
And because creating and curating large and complex datasets is very difficult, very expensive and potentially very lucrative, the reduction in technical complexity in creating and interpreting the graph data model is irresistible. The knowledge graphs that companies like Google and Facebook have accumulated are demonstrably commercially powerful and it is unlikely that such complex and rich datasets would have been possible without graph.
Humans have an evolutionarily pragmatic view of the world. We perceive the world as things that move through space and time. These things have properties which may change over time. They also have relationships with other things which may also change over time.
The model is simple but there are a great many different types of things — from stones, to mirrors to politicians and honeybees. To make sense of these things and their properties, we organise them into types and organise these types into a ‘tree-of-life’ or more broadly a ‘tree-of-things’ —taxonomies of types of things that share certain properties and relationships with other types of things.
Whether you are building a database to record the known universe or logging network security incidents, the model that you actually want to record is always a bunch of objects, categorised with a type-taxonomy, with properties and relationships with other objects, some of which change over time. That’s what you always want to record, because that’s how you perceive the world. Any indirection between perceived world and recorded model creates extra complexity at every step of processing. And in the world of complex systems, combinatorial explosion of complexity is the one true enemy. Reducing the complexity in each and every data operation is irresistible in the long run — you can focus on other things rather than the mappings between the aspects of the real world that you want to model and their stored representations.
In this respect, even the simplest graph database such as Neo4j — which models the world as a bunch of JSON documents, some of which may contain pointers to other JSON documents, is much better than even the fanciest RDBMS. Granted there is no taxonomy or schema, and support for temporality is basic, but it’s easy to produce a much more naturalistic model of the world than will ever be possible if you have to break the things up into relations. Of course it is possible to automate this mapping by delegating the problem to code (for example by using ORMs or system meta-models) but this is a short-term fix that blows up as size and complexity increase. Code has unbounded complexity and is largely opaque to automated analysis —its contribution to combinatorial explosion becomes overwhelming at scale. All systems which are built upon ORMs evolve into ORM maintenance systems.
The diagram below shows how different database technologies rank in terms of their data-modelling power — the extent to which they allow you to create naturalistic models of the world. To briefly explain the categories:
Databases ranked by data modelling power with leading open source examples of each type (in database land, if you are not open source, you have no long term future )
Key Value Stores and Wide Column Stores
These databases exist primarily to provide computer programs with somewhere to save the variables that they use — they lack data-modelling features beyond basic datatypes. There is nothing wrong with this — computer programs need databases too. It is also, of course, possible to assemble complex data-models from these atomic units within programs, but this very quickly runs into the combinatorial explosion problem — almost everything is described in code leading to unbridled complexity growth.
Document Stores
Document stores typically store data as a set of JSON documents —objects with tree-structures. The big feature of these databases over relational is that these documents are suitable for creating naturalistic models of things, with the tree structure expressing a containment (or has-a) relationship type. However, they are severely crippled because of poor support for modelling relationships — document relations are often expressed through embedding duplicates of other documents — a horrible, awful, solution which massively increases complexity over time.
Relational Databases
Relational databases are all about relations — tables that can be joined together to formed new relations. Foreign keys are used to express schematic relationships between tables. These relationships are untyped and semantically meaningless integers or strings are commonly used as keys. As a result relational databases are fairly impoverished in terms of their abilities to capture real world relationships — we can’t distinguish between containment (has-a) and other types of relationships so we can’t actually turn these relations back into objects without information that is external to the system — mostly in glue code or ORMs. Furthermore, translating to and from these relations and real world objects is rather intricate and leads to a very complex data model even for relatively simple aspects of the real world.
Property Graphs
Property graphs are basically document stores with a dash of relations added in that is to say, they are just a bunch of JSONs with some properties acting as special links to other JSONs (the in and out properties of edges). Even though they are quite primitive, they still have the most important features needed to create naturalistic models of the real world — things (nodes) with properties and relationships (edges).
RDF Graphs
RDF graphs have all of the features of the database models to the left, the thing that they really bring to the party is the concept of object types — via the rdf:type predicate — and not just simple datatypes.
OWL Graphs
Graph databases that use the Web Ontology Language (OWL) to describe their data model are by far the most powerful in terms of data modelling capabilities, although OWL must be used with care as it can easily lead to an incomprehensibly complex data model (and in practice we need to choose a computable fragment of the language). Nevertheless, the really important aspects can be boiled down to 3 simple predicates that enable relationships between object types to be defined — rdfs:domain and rdfs:range support strongly typed relationships between objects, not just simple relationships, while rdfs:subClassOf supports type inheritance — and hence proper taxonomies — these combine to provide a fully featured type system, the holy grail of data modelling.
So, while some people may feel that recent interest in graph databases is just another fad, I’m putting my money on graph — 20 years from now, non-graph databases will be niche and legacy applications.
Computer Scientist, Cliodynamicist and all round Data Obsessive - CEO of Data Chemist Ltd


About company
Since 2012, our company went around the world and attracted thousands of spectators.
We offer to our spectators an unforgettable, amazing show.
The smallest as the biggest will be conquered after the big evening we promise to you!
We created 3 years ago, big national reserves in the United States, in association with the International
Fund for Animal Welfare for that every animal has free right to life.
We make a commitment to offer you the biggest show which is, in the respect on all our convictions and our principles.


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|A brighter future for Evelina||A brighter future for Evelina| https://www.justgiving.com/campaign/abrighterfutureforevelina As most of you know, we are on a different journey with Evelina and for those who don't, this video is a snippet of her story so far. When Evelina was in NICU, a poster on the wall read ‘Hey little fighter, soon things will be brighter’ and many of you will know how hard Evelina works to make that true. Today we’re launching Evelina’s fundraiser so that we’re able to give her the future that she deserves. With brain injuries, Early Intervention is key and while the NHS is incredible, they’ve not got the resources or expertise to give Evelina everything she needs to reach her potential. We’re fundraising to continue taking Evelina to private Physio, Speech and language therapy, for specialist toys and equipment and alternative therapies that have shown real promise but are not currently funded by the NHS. All this costs £20k or more a year. We’re fundraising via the charity Just4Children who can ensure we’re spending the donations on the things that will make a difference to Evelina. It also means we can accept Gift Aid and, for the super generous, reoccurring tax-free payroll giving donations. https://just4children.org/donate/payroll-giving/ Thank you, so much, in advance for making Evelina’s future brighter - we’ll never be able to put into words what your support means but know we will all be forever grateful.
Posted by Hayley Trufitt on Wednesday, May 1, 2019


Launch Event and Official Launch of Product March 2019
The Launch event will mark my official birth as a product since all of you will start using me from then to achieve your dreams.
{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block body %}
Hi I'm Widhya! Widhya is a platform that aims to solve the problem of the near failure of the education system. Focuses on a "Learning By Doing" approach, thereby removing the concept of rote learning. Widhya doesn't judge you based on your marks and grades, but all we that matters is, your quality of work.
The best part is that anybody pursuing any course can choose to learn about and work on any concept on the platform. Learning, in my language, does not mean going through a set of lectures or going to class and listening to your professors speak. Learning, in my language means, to learn while doing and how will that happen you might wonder!
I offer micro-tasks that you could solve and on solving a set of micro-tasks
Micro-Tasks are real time industrial projects given to me by various companies.  A Mission is a set of micro-tasks and every mission will have some material that you can refer to, incase you get stuck.
On successfully completing a Mission, I will personally recommend you for an internship at the partner company from whom
I got this Mission. Either way, I'll make sure you get a certificate of achievement from my side and the parent company's side!
Sounds great right!?
Creating a difference is not that easy, but I believe that we need to start somewhere to create a difference. And to help me achieve my goal, I need your help. I'm trying to remove the current rote learning approach of learning which focusing on a more learning by doing approach and I'll be able to achieve my goal only if you all beging to adopt this methodology of learning!
More Details Coming Soon!
More Details Coming Soon!
More Details Coming Soon!
More Details Coming Soon!
More Details Coming Soon!
More Details Coming Soon!
More Details Coming Soon!
The Launch event will mark my official birth as a product since all of you will start using me from then to achieve your dreams.
The Pre Launch Event aims to get motivated students under one roof and convey the essence of what Widhya is. It's about spreading the word about Widhya and making students understand how Widhya being different from other platforms, can help them achieve their career goals in a faster and more efficient manner.
Once this became what Rahul and Rishabh lived for, they decided to start working on building the product. But before they built the product, they wanted to understand how the community might take up their product. Also, they wanted to understand the problems students face in a better manner, so they decided to start interacting directly with the students.
After putting the idea on to paper, Rahul spoke to his roommate, Rishabh, about me and slowly, this became all that Rishabh could think of to. Day in and day out, they thought about how they could make me better and help a larger crowd by giving everyone an equal opportunity.
One cold night in the month of November, when Rahul was listening to "In The End" by Linkin Park, I took birth as an idea in his head and slowly this idea took over his whole brain and heart.


The Animal Farm
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A simple game application built with basic Swing components such as JFrame, JLabel, and JTextField. Also contains a JUnit test class.


Time spinner:
Select a culture to use for formatting: English German
A custom widget extending spinner. Use the Globalization plugin to parse and output a timestamp, with custom step and page options. Cursor up/down spins minutes, page up/down spins hours.


Autonomous precision tracking/billing
- A cheap ultrasonic or light sensor (HC-SR04 for $2) detects the movements of cars going in and out of a parking slot. Signals got sent out whenever there is a change (car coming in).
- A controller board was hooked up to multiple (10 to 15) sensors receives the signals and establishes communication channel(s) with PubNub service. One communication channel for each sensor identifiable by sensor ID.
- Pubnub, upon receipt of updates from the controller board will issue updates to the server correspondingly
- Server receives updates and perform calculations including but not limitted to slot status verification, start/stop time counter for the slot, calculate the amount of money to be charged, etc. (more details in the business model section) Finally, server publish the update of all fields to PubNub via the channels for mobile app users.
- PubNub receives update, and forward to the mobile clients accordingly.
- Mobile client (Cordova powered) receives update, parse and display data accordingly.
WHY PUBNUB ?
- Pubnub is affordable and HIPAA compliant!
- Light-weight and supports unlimited channels created dynamically
- Automatically manages dropped connections, firewalls, connection switching, etc to ensure reliable real-time communication
WHY A PARKING MANAGEMENT SERVER ?
- To scale better as school develops
- To integrate better with existing and future technologies
- To support more models


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Merchant services, invoicing and products
Add Arionum to your Checkout
Add the code and accept crypto online
Anonymous and simple
Get paid in your webstore with Arionum
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Developed by Cuby & AroDev | Released under the MIT license | Absolutely no warranties


Athletes Of The Year: Eliud Kipchoge And Dalilah Muhammad
by Olawale AdeniyiKenya’s Eliud Kipchoge, the first man to come under the legendary 2-hour mark in the marathon, and American Dalilah Muhammad, who twice broke the world record in the 400m hurdles in 2019, were crowned Saturday’s athletes. the year at the awards ceremony organized by the International Federation, Saturday in Monaco.
Kipchoge (35), already a world record holder in the marathon (2 h 1 min 39 sec), made history on October 12 by breaking the 2-hour barrier (1h 59 min 40 sec) during a non-approved event, organized by its sponsor in Vienna.
In the women’s competition, Dalilah Muhammad saw his magnificent 2019 season rewarded. After taking the world record of the 400m hurdles (52s 20s) in the US selections in July, the American (29 years old) did even better at the World Championships by improving her time in the final (52 sec 16 ).
The winners were chosen after a vote of the Council of the International Federation (50% of the votes), the “family of athletics” (athletes, coaches, journalists, 25%) and the general public by internet (25%).


by Uri Bram
why? I'm learning to code, and it seemed like fun.
wh.. wh.. what? Politicians saying quotes from Franz Kafka's .
"After he was diagnosed with tuberculosis in August 1917, in order to recover,
Kafka moved for a few months to the Bohemian village of Zürau....
Kafka had decided not to do literary work there ... [but he kept diaries
and from the notes he] ... extracted 109 numbered pieces of text on ...
single pieces of paper in no given order. These aphorisms were first published in 1931 ...
[under the title] Reflections on Sin, Hope, Suffering, and the True Way." Wikipedia
More info: Zürau Aphorisms with Commentary, by Michael Cisco
why? (higher level) I'm not sure, really, it just seemed like a somehow intriguing combination.
If you think this is making a thoughtful political point, it's not.
Not affiliated or endorsed by any of the politicians pictured (nor by Kafka).


update build settings for project minimal, to be used as a template for all
updated for Eclipse 3.6 with latest plug-ins
toolchain settings harmonised between AVR8 and ARM
wiki Prerequisites page updated
detailed instructions on how to install the development environment
detailed ARM projects configuration
2011
2011-01-01
update code to refer to avr8 instead of avr
update references to folder name avr8
update macro definitions to use *_AVR8 instead of *_AVR
wiki Prerequisites page split into How to install/How to use/How to port
2011-01-02 - 2011-01-15
TBD
2011-01-16
team project set WorkspaceTeamProjectSystemAndSampleSets.psf updated
2011-01-18
TEMPLATE code added; purpose is to have a code that compiles, as basis for future ports
../arch/TEMPLATE_ARCH/
../arch/TEMPLATE_ARCH/TEMPLATE_FAMILY/
../boards/TEMPLATE_MANUFACTURER/
AVR32 code added, based on TEMPLATE
../arch/avr32/
../arch/avr32/uc3/
../boards/Atmel/evk1104/
2011-01-19
os_processor_init() with data & bss init ok
constructors run for avr32
2011-01-24
com.atmel.avr32.core.nature added to make it build for avr32
OS_GPIO_PORT_CONFIG_OUTPUT/INPUT added
putString_P(PSTR(…)) fixed as alias to putString(), based on OS_INCLUDE_SEPARATE_PROGMEM
yield() always added to idle task, this makes cooperative mode automatic
critical sections shortened in OSDeviceDebug.cpp
program starts at os_reset_handler
avr32 contextSave/Restore code included (based on FreeRTOS port)
project Eclipse/samples/blinkX3Coop added
APP_CONFIG_LED_ISACTIVE_LOW added
2011-01-25
OS_GPIO_PORT renamed as OS_GPIO_PIN
2011-01-26
in naming conventions, OS_CFGVAR_xxx nad OS_CFGPTR_xxx added
avr32 functional system timer, mark second on debugger output
project Eclipse/samples/blinkX3BusyWait added
avr32 criticalEnter/Exit implemented with SR mask and stack
2011-01-27
SysTick_contextHandler distinct from ISR, due to naked nature we cannot have local variables
project Eclipse/samples/blinkX3Preemptive added
build changed from CDT Internal to GNU Mak
scheduler implementation code moved to OSSchedulerImpl
2011-01-28
initialisation code moved from avr32 to portable folders
CPUstackInit added, to make initialisation possible in C
OS_INCLUDE_OSSCHEDULER_TIMER_MARK_SECONDS added
project Eclipse/samples/compileAllSources added; the purpose is to test compile as many sources as possible
2011-01-30
reset bits as OSResetBits_t
conditional OSTimer, conditional preemption
all ticks interrupt code collected in OSTimerTicks.cpp
implInit() and implAcknowledgeInterrupt() added as private in OSTimerTicks.h
common bitbanging code moved to portable/devices/debug/include/DeviceDebugI2C_Inlines.h
ledActive code moved to portable folders
OSImpl::CPUfetchResetBits() added
2011-02-01
project Eclipse/samples/nestedInterrupts added
OSScheduler:: schedulerTicks() renamed as *OSScheduler:: schedulerTick()
2011-02-02
OS::busyWaitMicros() added
OSScheduler::applicationInterruptTick() added
in OSTimerTicks::interruptServiceRoutine(), critical section reduced only to interruptTick() and incrementTicks(); OSScheduler::interruptTick() moved outside


3 Generalized Linear Models
3.1 Components of a Generalized Linear Model
3.2 Components of a Generalized Linear Model
3.2.2 Logistic Regression Model
\[\begin{equation} P(Y=1) = \frac{exp(\alpha + \beta x)}{exp(1+\alpha + \beta x}=\frac{e^{\alpha + \beta x}}{1 + e^{\alpha + \beta x}}, \tag{3} \end{equation}\]
\[\mathrm{log}\left[\frac{P(Y=1)}{1-P(Y=1)}\right] = \alpha + \beta_1x_1 + ... + \beta_px_p.\]
3.2.3 Example Snoring and Heart Disease
<- matrix(c(24, 1355, 35, 603, 21, 192, 30, 224), ncol = 2, byrow = TRUE)
snore
`Table 3.1` <-
bind_cols(Snoring = c("Never", "Occasionaly", "Nearly every night",
"Every night"),
as.data.frame(snore)) %>%
rename("Yes" = V1, "No" = V2) %>%
mutate(Proportion = round(Yes / (Yes + No), 3)) %>%
bind_cols(`Linear Fit` = c(0.017, 0.057,0.096,0.116),
`Logistic Fit` = c(0.021, 0.044,0.093,0.132))
::kable(`Table 3.1`) knitr
| Snoring | Yes | No | Proportion | Linear Fit | Logistic Fit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never | 24 | 1355 | 0.017 | 0.017 | 0.021 |
| Occasionaly | 35 | 603 | 0.055 | 0.057 | 0.044 |
| Nearly every night | 21 | 192 | 0.099 | 0.096 | 0.093 |
| Every night | 30 | 224 | 0.118 | 0.116 | 0.132 |
3.2.4 Using R
to Fit Generalized Lineare Models for Binary Data
<- read.table("http://users.stat.ufl.edu/~aa/cat/data/Heart.dat",
Heart header = TRUE, stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
::kable(Heart) knitr
| snoring | yes | no |
|---|---|---|
| never | 24 | 1355 |
| occasional | 35 | 603 |
| nearly_every_night | 21 | 192 |
| every_night | 30 | 224 |
library(tidyverse)
<- Heart %>%
Heart mutate(snoringNights = recode(snoring, never = 0, occasional = 2,
nearly_every_night = 4, every_night = 5))
<- Heart$yes + Heart$no
n
<- glm(yes/n ~ snoringNights, family = binomial(link = logit),
fit weights = n, data = Heart)
summary(fit)
Call:
glm(formula = yes/n ~ snoringNights, family = binomial(link = logit),
data = Heart, weights = n)
Deviance Residuals:
1 2 3 4
-0.8346 1.2521 0.2758 -0.6845
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -3.86625 0.16621 -23.261 < 2e-16 ***
snoringNights 0.39734 0.05001 7.945 1.94e-15 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
(Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)
Null deviance: 65.9045 on 3 degrees of freedom
Residual deviance: 2.8089 on 2 degrees of freedom
AIC: 27.061
Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 4
fitted(fit)
1 2 3 4
0.02050742 0.04429511 0.09305411 0.13243885
<- glm(yes/n ~ snoringNights,
fit2 family = quasi(link = identity, variance = "mu(1-mu)"),
weights = n, data = Heart)
summary(fit2)
Call:
glm(formula = yes/n ~ snoringNights, family = quasi(link = identity,
variance = "mu(1-mu)"), data = Heart, weights = n)
Deviance Residuals:
1 2 3 4
0.04478 -0.21322 0.11010 0.09798
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 0.0172467 0.0006402 26.94 0.001375 **
snoringNights 0.0197778 0.0005204 38.01 0.000692 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
(Dispersion parameter for quasi family taken to be 0.03441852)
Null deviance: 65.904481 on 3 degrees of freedom
Residual deviance: 0.069191 on 2 degrees of freedom
AIC: NA
Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 3
3.2.5 Data Files: Ungrouped or Grouped Binary Data
<- read.table("http://users.stat.ufl.edu/~aa/cat/data/Heart2.dat",
Heart2 header = TRUE, stringsAsFactors = FALSE) %>%
mutate(snoringNights = recode(snoring, never = 0, occas = 2,
nearly = 4, every = 5))
%>%
Heart2 filter(row_number() %in% c(1, 2, n()))
subject snoring x y snoringNights
1 1 never 0 1 0
2 2 never 0 1 0
3 2484 every 5 0 5
<- glm(y ~ snoringNights, family = binomial(link = logit),
fit data = Heart2)
summary(fit)
Call:
glm(formula = y ~ snoringNights, family = binomial(link = logit),
data = Heart2)
Deviance Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-0.5331 -0.3010 -0.2036 -0.2036 2.7882
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -3.86625 0.16621 -23.261 < 2e-16 ***
snoringNights 0.39734 0.05001 7.945 1.94e-15 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
(Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)
Null deviance: 900.83 on 2483 degrees of freedom
Residual deviance: 837.73 on 2482 degrees of freedom
AIC: 841.73
Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 6
3.3 Generalized Linear Models for Binary Data
3.3.2 Poisson Loglinear Model
\[\mathrm{log}\ \mu = \alpha + \beta x.\] \[\begin{equation} \mu = \mathrm{exp}(\alpha+\beta x) = e^\alpha(e^\beta)^x. \tag{4} \end{equation}\]
3.3.3 Example: Female Horseshoe Crabs and their Satellites
<- read.table("http://users.stat.ufl.edu/~aa/cat/data/Crabs.dat",
Crabs header = TRUE, stringsAsFactors = FALSE) %>%
tibble() %>%
select(color, spine, width, weight, sat)
%>%
Crabs rename("C" = color, "S"=spine, "Wi"=width, "Wt"=weight, "Sa"=sat) %>%
slice_head(n=6) %>%
::kable() knitr
| C | S | Wi | Wt | Sa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 3 | 28.3 | 3.05 | 8 |
| 3 | 3 | 22.5 | 1.55 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 26.0 | 2.30 | 9 |
| 3 | 3 | 24.8 | 2.10 | 0 |
| 3 | 3 | 26.0 | 2.60 | 4 |
| 2 | 3 | 23.8 | 2.10 | 0 |
<- glm(sat ~ width, family = poisson(link=log), data = Crabs)
fit summary(fit)
Call:
glm(formula = sat ~ width, family = poisson(link = log), data = Crabs)
Deviance Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-2.8526 -1.9884 -0.4933 1.0970 4.9221
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -3.30476 0.54224 -6.095 1.1e-09 ***
width 0.16405 0.01997 8.216 < 2e-16 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
(Dispersion parameter for poisson family taken to be 1)
Null deviance: 632.79 on 172 degrees of freedom
Residual deviance: 567.88 on 171 degrees of freedom
AIC: 927.18
Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 6
suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(gam))
suppressWarnings(
<- gam(sat ~ s(width), family = poisson, data = Crabs)
gam.fit
)
plot(sat ~ width, xlab = "Width", ylab = "Number of satelites", data = Crabs)
curve(predict(gam.fit, data.frame(width = x), type = "resp"), add = TRUE)
$gamPrediction <- predict(gam.fit, type = "resp")
Crabs
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2631780/r-ggplot2-can-i-set-the-plot-title-to-wrap-around-and-shrink-the-text-to-fit-t
<- function(x, ...) {paste(strwrap(x, ...), collapse = "\n")}
wrapper
library(ggthemes)
%>%
Crabs ggplot(aes(x = width, y = sat)) +
geom_point(shape = 1, size = 3) +
geom_line(aes(y=gamPrediction)) +
xlim(c(20, 35))+
theme_few() +
xlab("Width") +
ylab("Number of satelites") +
ggtitle(wrapper("Figure 3.3. Number of satellites by female crab shell width (in centimeters), and generalized additive model smoothing fit.", 70))
\[\hat\mu =\mathrm{exp}(\hat\alpha + \hat\beta x)= \mathrm{exp}[-3.305 + 0.164(26.3)]=2.74.\]
<- glm(sat ~ width,
identityGLM family = poisson(link="identity"),
start=c(0.5,0.5),
data = Crabs)
<- glm(sat ~ width, family = poisson(link="log"), data = Crabs)
logitGLM
<- bind_cols(Crabs,
Crabs2 "identity" = fitted(identityGLM),
"logit" = fitted(logitGLM))
library(RColorBrewer)
<- brewer.pal(n = 4, name = "Dark2")
colors
<- Crabs2 %>%
CrabBin mutate(bin = case_when(width <= 23.25 ~ 23,
> 23.25 & width <= 24.25 ~ 24,
width > 24.25 & width <= 25.25 ~ 25,
width > 25.25 & width <= 26.25 ~ 26,
width > 26.25 & width <= 27.25 ~ 27,
width > 27.25 & width <= 28.25 ~ 28,
width > 28.25 & width <= 29.25 ~ 29,
width > 29.25 ~ 30)) %>%
width group_by(bin) %>%
summarize(Mean = mean(sat, na.rm=TRUE), .groups = "drop")
library(ggthemes)
ggplot() +
geom_point(data = CrabBin, aes(x=bin, y = Mean)) +
geom_line(data = Crabs2, aes(x=width, y = identity, color = colors[1])) +
geom_line(data = Crabs2, aes(x=width, y = logit, color = colors[2])) +
coord_cartesian(ylim = c(0, 5.5), xlim = c(22, 32)) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks=seq(0, 5)) +
scale_x_continuous(breaks=seq(22, 32, by = 2)) +
theme_few() +
annotate(geom = "segment", x = 23, y = 2.1, xend = 23, yend = 1.67,
arrow = arrow(length = unit(2, "mm")) , color = colors[1]) +
annotate(geom = "text", x = 22.5, y = 2.25, label = "Log link",
hjust = "left", color = colors[1]) +
annotate(geom = "segment", x = 24.5, y = 1.6, xend = 24, yend = 1.6,
arrow = arrow(length = unit(2, "mm")), color = colors[2]) +
annotate(geom = "text", x = 24.6, y = 1.6, label = "Identity link",
hjust = "left", color = colors[2]) +
theme(legend.position = "none") +
xlab("Width") +
ylab("Mean Number of Satellites")
3.4 Generalized Lineaer Models for Counts and Rates
3.4.1 Wald, Likelihood-Ratio, and Score Inference Use the Likelihood Function
\[z = \hat\beta /SE,\]
\[2\ \mathrm{log}(\ell_1/\ell_0) = 2[\mathrm{log}(\ell_1) - \mathrm{log}(\ell_0)] = 2(L_1-L_0),\].
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29642867/drawing-a-tangent-to-the-plot-and-finding-the-x-intercept-using-r
= seq(-3.0, 7, by = .01)
x
<- tibble(x = x) %>%
df mutate(y = 10 - (x-2)^2 )
<- smooth.spline(df$x, df$y, spar=0.3)
spl <- seq(min(df$x), max(df$x), 0.1)
newx <- predict(spl, x=newx, deriv=0)
pred
# solve for tangent at a given x
<- 0
newx <- predict(spl, x=newx, deriv=0)
pred0 <- predict(spl, x=newx, deriv=1)
pred1 <- pred0$y - (pred1$y*newx)
yint <- -yint/pred1$y
xint
<- tibble(x = df$x) %>%
tang mutate(y = yint + pred1$y*x) %>%
filter(x > -2.0 & x < 2)
library(RColorBrewer)
<- brewer.pal(n = 4, name = "Dark2")
colors library(ggthemes)
ggplot() +
geom_line(data = df, aes(x = x, y = y)) +
geom_line(data = tang, aes(x= x, y = y)) +
geom_vline(xintercept = 0) +
ylim(-22,20) +
annotate(geom = "segment", x = 2, y = 10, xend = 2, yend = -20, color = colors[1]) +
annotate(geom = "segment", x = 2, y = 10, xend = 0, yend = 10, color = colors[1]) +
annotate(geom = "text", x = 1.9, y = -22 , label = "hat(beta)", parse = TRUE,
hjust = "left", color = colors[1]) +
annotate(geom = "text", x = -.75, y = 11, label = "L[1]", parse = TRUE,
hjust = "left", color = colors[1]) +
annotate(geom = "segment", x = -.45, y = 11, xend = -.05, yend = 10,
arrow = arrow(length = unit(2, "mm")), color = colors[1]) +
annotate(geom = "text", x = .6, y = 5 , label = "L[0]", parse = TRUE,
hjust = "left") +
annotate(geom = "segment", x = .5, y = 5, xend = 0.1, yend = 6,
arrow = arrow(length = unit(2, "mm"))) +
theme_few() +
ylab (expression(paste("L(" , beta, ")"))) +
theme(axis.title.x=element_blank(),
axis.text.y=element_blank(),
axis.ticks.y=element_blank(),
axis.title.y = element_text(angle = 0, vjust = .5)) +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(0), label = c(expression(paste( beta, "= 0")))) +
ggtitle("Figure 3.5")
3.4.2 Example Political Ideology and Belief in Evolution
<- read.table("http://users.stat.ufl.edu/~aa/cat/data/Evolution.dat",
Evo header = TRUE, stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
<- Evo$true + Evo$false
n
# gives a Wald z
<- glm(true/n ~ ideology, family = binomial, weights = n, data = Evo)
fit
summary(fit)
Call:
glm(formula = true/n ~ ideology, family = binomial, data = Evo,
weights = n)
Deviance Residuals:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0.1430 -0.2697 1.4614 -1.0791 0.2922 0.4471 0.2035
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
(Intercept) -1.75658 0.20500 -8.569 <2e-16 ***
ideology 0.49422 0.05092 9.706 <2e-16 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
(Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)
Null deviance: 113.20 on 6 degrees of freedom
Residual deviance: 3.72 on 5 degrees of freedom
AIC: 42.332
Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 3
# Null deviance
pchisq(3.72, df=5, lower.tail=FALSE)
[1] 0.5903905
# Function to get the 95% Wald confidence interval.
<- function(x){
waldCI list(lower = summary(x)$coefficients[, 1] + summary(x)$coefficients[, 2] *
qnorm(.025,lower.tail=TRUE),
upper = summary(x)$coefficients[, 1] + summary(x)$coefficients[, 2] *
qnorm(.025,lower.tail=FALSE))
}
waldCI(fit) # Wald CI
$lower
(Intercept) ideology
-2.1583654 0.3944219
$upper
(Intercept) ideology
-1.3547930 0.5940161
confint(fit) # profile likelihood CI
Waiting for profiling to be done...
2.5 % 97.5 %
(Intercept) -2.165294 -1.3609733
ideology 0.396166 0.5959414
library(car) # for Anova function
Loading required package: carData
Attaching package: 'carData'
The following object is masked from 'package:vcdExtra':
Burt
Anova(fit) # likelihood-ratio tests for effect parameters in a GLM
Analysis of Deviance Table (Type II tests)
Response: true/n
LR Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
ideology 109.48 1 < 2.2e-16 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
# can also get with drop1(fit, test = "LRT")
library(statmod) # for glm.scoretest
# null model
<- glm(true/n ~ 1, family = binomial, weights = n, data = Evo)
fit0 glm.scoretest(fit0, Evo$ideology)^2 # score statistic with df = 1
[1] 104.101
\[\mathrm{Deviance}=2(L_S-L_M).\]
pchisq(113.20, df = 6, lower.tail=FALSE) # model vs null (Null deviance)
[1] 4.353897e-22
pchisq(3.72, df=5, lower.tail=FALSE) # model vs saturated (Residual deviance)
[1] 0.5903905
3.4.4 Model Comparison Using the Deviance
\[2(L_1-L_0)=2(L_S-L_0)-2(L_S-L1)= \mathrm{Deviance}_0 - \mathrm{Deviance}_1,\]
3.4.5 Residuals Comparing Ovservations to the Model Fit
\[\begin{equation} \mathrm{Pearson\ residual} = e_i =\frac{y_i-\hat\mu_i}{\sqrt{\widehat{var}(y_i)}} \tag{5} \end{equation}\]
\[\mathrm{Standardized\ residual} = e_i =\frac{y_i-\hat\mu_i}{SE}.\]
%>%
Evo bind_cols(`# sample` = .$true/n, # .$ needed to use existing column
`fitted` = fitted(fit),
`std. res.` = rstandard(fit, type = "pearson"))
ideology true false # sample fitted std. res.
1 1 11 37 0.2291667 0.2205679 0.1611162
2 2 46 104 0.3066667 0.3168813 -0.3515386
3 3 70 72 0.4929577 0.4319445 1.6480176
4 4 241 214 0.5296703 0.5548525 -1.4995488
5 5 78 36 0.6842105 0.6713982 0.3248519
6 6 89 24 0.7876106 0.7700750 0.5413625
7 7 36 6 0.8571429 0.8459201 0.2206605
3.5 Fitting Generalized Linear Models
3.5.3 GLMs: A Unified Approach to Statistical Analysis
| Random Component | Link Function | Explanatory Variables | Model | Chapter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Identity | Continuous | Regression | |
| Normal | Identity | Categorical | Analysis of variance | |
| Normal | Identity | Mixed | Analysis of covariance | |
| Binomial | Logit | Mixed | Logistic regression | 4-5, 8-10 |
| Multinomial | Logit | Mixed | Multinomial logit | 8, 8-10 |
| Poison | Log | Mixed | Loglinear | 7 |


Harry Styles announces details of huge 2020 World Tour
Harry's coming to an arena near you in 2020
Harry Styles has announced details of an extensive 2020 world tour called ‘Love On Tour’. Full details of all the UK and Ireland dates are listed below.
The former One Direction star will tour in support of his upcoming album, ‘Fine Line’, which is released on December 13 and comes two and a half years after his debut self-titled record.
The UK leg of the tour will begin in Birmingham Arena next April and will see Styles performing in Sheffield, Dublin, London, Manchester and Glasgow.
For the UK and Ireland tour dates only, fans who pre-order ‘Fine Line’ via Styles’ website by 5pm on November 17 can get priority access to ‘Love On Tour’ tickets. Tickets will go on general sale on Friday, November 22 at 10am.
Styles will be supported on the tour with King Princess throughout his European dates. Jenny Lewis will provide support on Styles’ US and Canada dates whilst Koffee will appear with Styles in Mexico.
King Princess
APRIL 2020 tour dates
15 – Arena Birmingham, Birmingham
17 – FlyDSA Arena, Sheffield
19 – 3Arena, Dublin
22 – The O2, London
23 – The O2, London
25 – Manchester Arena, Manchester
26 – The SSE Hydro, Glasgow
Last month, the pop star returned with new single ‘Lights Up’ – his first new music in two years – complete with a moody video.
Styles also appeared to hint at wanting to become a Hollywood star too, after recently admitting that he is keen to play James Bond.
 I grew up watching those. You know, I loved him when I was a kid. So I think it’s kind of everyone’s dream a little bit, right?”
Styles also recently confirmed that he was offered the role of Prince Eric in Disney’s forthcoming live-action reboot of The Little Mermaid, but turned down the role because his upcoming plans for his music didn’t align with the film’s production schedule.
Meanwhile, rumours that Styles may have been appearing at Glastonbury 2020 proved premature as the singer’s US tour dates clash with the festival’s 50th anniversary celebrations.


THE AVENGERS A film review by Mark R. Leeper
Capsule: The screen version of the 60s TV classic will probably do well only with real fans of the series. Non-fans of the series should give this one a miss. Still, this is just about the best and most accurate re- creation we could have expected at the end of the 90s. Uma Thurman and Ralph Fiennes star in a film drenched in the 60s atmosphere of series THE AVENGERS. Those were not great stories and neither is this, but both are fun. Rating: 6 (0 to 10), high +1 (-4 to +4)
Starting in January 1961, the British were treated to a sort of tongue-in-cheek crime and spy series on television. THE AVENGERS was about secret agent John Steed and his various partners who changed over the years. The original concept for Steed was to have the personality of a George Sanders--sort of worldly and a little sarcastic. I cannot help believing part of the inspiration was also Ralph Richardson's brawley-toting and bowler-hatted secret agent Major Charles Hammond from the 1939 film Q PLANES (retitled in the U.S. CLOUDS OVER EUROPE). Initially the partner was Dr. David Keel (played by Ian Hendry). Later for four years it was Catherine Gale (Honor Blackman). When she left the producers looked for a replacement that would have the same "man- appeal" as Ms. Blackman did. "Man appeal" was abbreviated "M-appeal" and when actress Diana Rigg was hired "M-appeal" or rather Emma Peel became her character's name. She was not with the series even as long as Blackman but hers were the years that the series got its widest viewership. She is the best remembered of Steed's partners, though there were others before and after her. The episodes of the Emma Peel years were noted for a sort of 60s mod surrealism that became the hallmark of the series. That was a trademark and so was making the characters veddy, veddy sophisticated and stylish. So when in the late 90s, the film industry is making a feature film based on the popular series, these are the years they choose to copy.
And remake the series they really did. The recent film MISSION IMPOSSIBLE took place in the same world as the MISSION IMPOSSIBLE TV series and had some of the same characters, but the writers clearly did not know or did not care what a MISSION IMPOSSIBLE story was all about. They told their own kind of story with characters from the series. THE AVENGERS on the other hand have authentically told an AVENGERS sort of story and they have told it in the style of THE AVENGERS. For the most part, the faults of the film are actually cases where the original formula did not age well. As Mike Myers shows us in AUSTIN POWERS: INTERNATIONAL MAN OF MYSTERY, much of the 60s mod style looks pretty silly today. The story of THE AVENGERS is trivial and comic-bookish, but that was the series. The 60s mod surrealism comes through loud and clear. Suffice it to say that there are scenes in this film that are sufficiently visually weird and unexpected to bring a smile to any viewer's face. Toward the end of each episode there usually was a fight under outlandish circumstances and the circumstances in this film are about as outlandish as any. The only place where the formula was not quite followed was that in the series any romantic feelings between Steed and Peel were strictly between the lines of the script. There was a sexual tension, but the characters never acknowledged it. In this version is not much romance, but it is much more clearly spelled out for the viewer. The Michael Kamen and Joel McNeely musical score I think should have made more use of the original music. The opening title music is something of a letdown only because I had hoped to hear a good version of the original theme. This is one aspect where MISSION IMPOSSIBLE was better. In fact, the music could have done a lot more to create the feel of the film. In the final analysis it does little to enhance the atmosphere. Even if it was not trying to re-create the 60s feel, it should have been able to add to the excitement better than it did. There is one minor plot variation on the canon I would like to add. In the film, Steed and Peel meet for the first time, yet the story also features Mother. In the series, the very last episode with Peel introduced Mother for the first time. And to the best of my knowledge the character of Father was invented for the film.
Bon vivant and crack secret agent John Steed (Ralph Fiennes) is called in after an attack on the British government's secret weather project Prospero. Oddly enough the attacker seems to be there very founder of the project, the beautiful and leggy scientist Dr. Emma Peel (Uma Thurman). In spite of actual film of Peel committing the crime, Peel claims to be innocent. Steed's suspicion falls on the aptly named August de Wynter (Sean Connery), a flamboyant Scotsman who is doing funny things to weather in a project that seems related to Peel's Prospero.
How are Fiennes and Thurman at re-creating the characters of John Steed and Emma Peel? Not too shabby. The real danger is that a well- cast Mrs. Peel will upstage the more quietly conservative John Steed. However Steed holds his own and never becomes second banana to Mrs. Peel. Both seem physically up to the challenges of the role. Both seem to ooze charm and class. Their interpretations are really fairly close to the originals. They have one minor change in style, they seem to smile a lot less and are more serious about their work. But they do seem to be the same people the originals played. And they are helped along by Don MacPherson's script, which has a very AVENGERS feel. I kept picturing Patrick Macnee and Diana Rigg delivering the same lines and in almost the same way. Patrick Macnee does not appear in THE AVENGERS, by the way, while Diana Rigg is not in the film at all. Sean Connery is Sean Connery is Sean Connery.
A little fine-tuning could have made this a perfect 90s representation of the 60s TV series. That might not have raised the rating, but it would not have hurt either. I give this one a 6 on the 0 to 10 scale and a high +1 on the -4 to +4 scale.
Mark R. Leeper<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Copyright 1998 Mark R. Leeper
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
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See what datasets and tables are taking up the most space. Query cost analysis coming soon.
| $/Month | Bytes | Dataset ID | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 75% | $10.76 | 538.0 GiB | dev_foo | |
| 22% | $3.10 | 155.0 GiB | foo | |
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The source code for this tool is available on Github.
We request the permissions we can: Read-only access to BigQuery (the bigquery.readonly API scope). We only request temporary access, so we cannot access your project one hour after you close your browser (in OAuth2: access_type=online
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The internet was the work of dozens of pioneering scientists, programmers and engineers who each developed new features and technologies that eventually merged to become the internet we know today. In Oct 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik1 Satellite and the first workable prototype of the Internet came in the late 1960s with the creation of ARPANET, or the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. Originally funded by the Department of Defense, United States of America. The very first Computer was large in size and not intended for Communication.
Still, the first practical schematics for the internet would not arrive until the early 1960s, when MIT’s J.C.R. Licklider popularized the idea of an “Intergalactic Network” of computers. Shortly thereafter, computer scientists developed the concept of “packet switching,” a method for effectively transmitting electronic data that would later become one of the major building blocks of the internet.
In 1962, there was an idea that shows network communication be built but it almost took 7 years to implement it. In 1969, they implemented the network concept and the same year first human landing on moon happened. In 1969, Larry Roberts started working on “Interface Message Processor (IMP)” which was a packet switching node used to interconnect networks. BBN team lead by Frank Heart began working on connecting 4 IMPs. There was an issue as the packets were not stopping after delivering message to node. (The first computer was located in a research lab at UCLA and the second was at Stanford; each one was the size of a small house). In 1971, there were 18 main frame computers connected to network.
ARPANET adopted TCP/IP on January 1, 1983, and from there researchers began to assemble the “network of networks” that became the modern Internet. The online world then took on a more recognizable form in 1990, when computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. While it’s often confused with the internet itself, the web is actually just the most common means of accessing data online in the form of websites and hyperlinks.
In June 1992, Congress passed a bill to make Internet public and from there internet commercially available to public. Before that internet was only used by the defense department. In 1993, Mosaic web browser was created by two students from University of Illinois. Mosaic was the first web that popularized the World Wide Web and the Internet.
In 21st Century, Internet is everything. There are 11 million Domain names and 70 million websites over internet and it’s still counting.


Chapter 2 Linear Regression
You probably learned something about linear regression in a previous course. Here, we briefly review the main concepts of simple linear regression and quickly expand our tool box to multiple regression (with both quantitative and categorical predictors).
2.1 Data
We will consider a small dataset from an article by J.S. Martin and colleagues, titled Facial width-to-height ratio is associated with agonistic and affiliative dominance in bonobos (Pan paniscus)
Notes: variable fWHR
is the facial width-height ratio and AssR
is the Assertiveness score of affiliative dominance. normDS
is another dominance score. A few figures of the data are below - we will do some more exploration together.
## Observations: 117
## Variables: 8
## $ Name <fct> Zuani, Zuani, Zorba, Zorba, Zorba, Zomi, Zomi, Zamba, Z...
## $ Group <fct> Apenheul, Apenheul, Wilhelma, Wilhelma, Wilhelma, Frank...
## $ Sex <fct> Female, Female, Male, Male, Male, Female, Female, Male,...
## $ Age <int> 22, 22, 34, 34, 34, 15, 15, 14, 14, 14, 18, 18, 18, 18,...
## $ fWHR <dbl> 1.475052, 1.321814, 1.581446, 1.479237, 1.390086, 1.340...
## $ AssR <dbl> 5.36, 5.36, 2.36, 2.36, 2.36, 3.92, 3.92, 4.74, 4.74, 4...
## $ normDS <dbl> 1.430, 1.430, 2.341, 2.341, 2.341, 3.087, 3.087, 3.035,...
## $ weight <dbl> 24.0, 24.0, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 41.6, 41.6, 41.6, 38.0,...
2.2 Simple linear regression, Residuals & Least squares
First, let’s review and consider a simple (one-predictor) linear regression model. Fit the model
Extract the slope and intercept values:
## (Intercept) AssR
## 1.30685287 0.02918242
Add the regression line to the plot:
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = fWHR ~ AssR, data = bonobos)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -0.31320 -0.11369 -0.01242 0.09008 0.49241
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 1.30685 0.06283 20.801 <2e-16 ***
## AssR 0.02918 0.01420 2.055 0.0421 *
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.1689 on 115 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.03542, Adjusted R-squared: 0.02704
## F-statistic: 4.223 on 1 and 115 DF, p-value: 0.04213
2.2.1 Using lm()
to fit a linear regression in R
2.2.2 Equation of the fitted regression line
2.3 Multiple regression
Rarely does our response variable really depend on only one predictor. Can we improve the model by adding more predictors?
## (Intercept) AssR weight
## 0.944790930 0.039888045 0.008644299
2.3.1 Is it really better?
How do we know if the model with more predictors is “better”? (For a more detailed answer, wait about a week…) But before we can define a “beter” model: how did R find the “best” intercept and slopes?
2.3.2 Regression residuals = “errors”
2.3.3 Computing Predictions
Use the regression equation to compute predicted values for the three data points below:
## fWHR AssR weight
## 8 1.880866 4.74 41.6
## 25 1.798387 5.38 50.6
## 41 1.591440 3.97 NA
## 65 1.545019 4.87 38.5
2.4 Predictors with two categories
## (Intercept) AssR weight SexMale
## 1.065420976 0.058435841 0.002257142 0.128484275
How does the model incorporate this covariate mathematically?
2.4.1 Predictors with more categories
## (Intercept) AssR weight SexMale
## 1.007734691 0.064361973 0.003458979 0.124854271
## GroupFrankfurt GroupPlanckendael GroupTwycross GroupWilhelma
## 0.037426358 -0.008464572 -0.112907589 0.011186724
## GroupWuppertal
## -0.004364826
How does the model incorporate this covariate mathematically?


Medical Services in Vernon B.C.
Main Street Medical West is located at 3207 30th Ave, Vernon, British Columbia on the 2nd floor. The following medical needs can be covered conveniently in one place.
If your personal physician is not available an effort will be made to fit you in with another physician on the team.
Valley Medical Laboratories located in our building produces results quickly and reliably.
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Planning a trip? Visit the Travel Medicine and Vaccination Centre, located in the basement of our building.
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CrimPapers
Articles published on 29 December 2017
On 29 December 2017, 11 new articles were published in 10 journals.
Analyzing Predictors of Drinking and Driving Among Gender Cohorts Within A College Sample
Predicting Delinquency By Self-Reported Impulsivity in Adolescents in Ghana by Samuel Adjorlolo, Edward Asamoah, Sarah Adu-Poku
Revisiting Juvenile Waiver: Integrating the Incapacitation Experience by Megan Bears Augustyn, Jean Marie McGloin
The Knowing of Monstrosities: Necropower, Spectacular Punishment and Denial
Prostitution and Public Policy. the Nordic Model Versus the Pimping of Prostitution
How Far Does the Apple Fall From the Tree? Maternal Delinquency and Sex-Specific Patterns of Offspring Delinquent Behavior
The State of Peer Review in Criminology: Literary Theory, Perceptions, and the Catch-22 Metaphor of Peer Review by Ethan M. Higgins
Sexual Harassment Experienced By Police Staff Serving in England, Wales and Scotland: A Descriptive Exploration of Incidence, Antecedents and Harm by Jennifer Brown, Ioanna Gouseti, Chris Fife-Schaw
Affective Neuroscience: A Primer With Implications For Forensic Psychology by Gina M. Grimshaw
The Neuroscience of Psychopathy and Forensic Implications by Shichun Ling, Adrian Raine
Using Applied Theater in Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review by Emma Heard, Allyson Mutch, Lisa Fitzgerald