--- layout: post title: "Partial application is dependency injection" description: "The equivalent of dependency injection in F# is partial function application, but it isn't functional." date: 2017-01-30 12:40 UTC tags: [Software Design, Dependency Injection, F#, Haskell, Functional Programming] --- {% include JB/setup %}
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This is the second article in a small article series called from dependency injection to dependency rejection.
People often ask me how to do dependency injection in F#. That's only natural, since I wrote Dependency Injection in .NET some years ago, and also since I've increasingly focused my energy on F# and other functional programming languages.
Over the years, I've seen other F# experts respond to that question, and often, the answer is that partial function application is the F# way to do dependency injection. For some years, I believed that as well. It turns out to be true in one sense, but incorrect in another. Partial application is equivalent to dependency injection. It's just not a functional solution to dealing with dependencies.
(To be as clear as I can be: I'm not claiming that partial application isn't functional. What I claim is that partial application used for dependency injection isn't functional.)
Returning to the example from the previous article, you could try to rewrite MaîtreD.TryAccept
as a function:
// int -> (DateTimeOffset -> Reservation list) -> (Reservation -> int) -> Reservation // -> int option let tryAccept capacity readReservations createReservation reservation = let reservedSeats = readReservations reservation.Date |> List.sumBy (fun x -> x.Quantity) if reservedSeats + reservation.Quantity <= capacity then createReservation { reservation with IsAccepted = true } |> Some else None
You could imagine that this tryAccept
function is part of a module called MaîtreD
, just to keep the examples as equivalent as possible.
The function takes four arguments. The first is the capacity of the restaurant in question; a primitive integer. The next two arguments, readReservations
and createReservation
fill the role of the injected IReservationsRepository
in the previous article. In the object-oriented example, the TryAccept
method used two methods on the repository: ReadReservations
and Create
. Instead of using an interface, in the F# function, I make the function take two independent functions. They have (almost) the same types as their C# counterparts.
The first three arguments correspond to the injected dependencies in the previous MaîtreD
class. The fourth argument is a Reservation
value, which corresponds to the input to the previous TryAccept
method.
Instead of returning a nullable integer, this F# version returns an int option
.
The implementation is also equivalent to the C# example: Read the relevant reservations from the database using the readReservations
function argument, and sum over their quantities. Based on the number of already reserved seats, decide whether or not to accept the reservation. If you can accept the reservation, set IsAccepted
to true
, call the createReservation
function argument, and pipe the returned ID (integer) to Some
. If you can't accept the reservation, then return None
.
Notice that the first three arguments are 'dependencies', whereas the last argument is the 'actual input', if you will. This means that you can use partial function application to compose this function.
If you recall the definition of the previous IMaîtreD
interface, the TryAccept
method was defined like this (C# code snippet):
int? TryAccept(Reservation reservation);
You could attempt to define a similar function with the type Reservation -> int option
. Normally, you'd want to do this closer to the boundary of the application, but the following example demonstrates how to 'inject' real database operations into the function.
Imagine that you have a DB
module with these functions:
module DB = // string -> DateTimeOffset -> Reservation list let readReservations connectionString date = // .. // string -> Reservation -> int let createReservation connectionString reservation = // ..
The readReservations
function takes a connection string and a date as arguments, and returns a list of reservations for that date. The createReservation
function also takes a connection string, as well as a reservation. When invoked, it creates a new record for the reservation and returns the ID of the newly created row. (This sort of API violates CQS, so you should consider alternatives.)
If you partially apply these functions with a valid connection string, both have the type desired for their roles in tryAccept
. This means that you can create a function from these elements:
// Reservation -> int option let tryAcceptComposition = let read = DB.readReservations connectionString let create = DB.createReservation connectionString tryAccept 10 read create
Notice how tryAccept
itself is partially applied. Only the arguments corresponding to the C# dependencies are passed to it, so the return value is a function that 'waits' for the last argument: the reservation. As I've attempted to indicate by the code comment above the function, it has the desired type of Reservation -> int option
.
Partial application used like this is equivalent to dependency injection. To see how, consider the generated Intermediate Language (IL).
F# is a .NET language, so it compiles to IL. You can decompile that IL to C# to get a sense of what's going on. If you do that with the above tryAcceptComposition
, you get something like this:
internal class tryAcceptComposition@17 : FSharpFunc<Reservation, FSharpOption<int>> { public int capacity; public FSharpFunc<Reservation, int> createReservation; public FSharpFunc<DateTimeOffset, FSharpList<Reservation>> readReservations; internal tryAcceptComposition@17( int capacity, FSharpFunc<DateTimeOffset, FSharpList<Reservation>> readReservations, FSharpFunc<Reservation, int> createReservation) { this.capacity = capacity; this.readReservations = readReservations; this.createReservation = createReservation; } public override FSharpOption<int> Invoke(Reservation reservation) { return MaîtreD.tryAccept<int>( this.capacity, this.readReservations, this.createReservation, reservation); } }
I've cleaned it up a bit, mostly by removing all attributes from the various elements. Notice how this is a class, with class fields, and a constructor that takes values for the fields and assigns them. It's constructor injection!
Partial application is dependency injection.
It compiles, works as expected, but is it functional?
People sometimes ask me: How do I know whether my F# code is functional?
I sometimes wonder about that myself, but unfortunately, as nice a language as F# is, it doesn't offer much help in that regard. Its emphasis is on functional programming, but it allows mutation, object-oriented programming, and even procedural programming. It's a friendly and forgiving language. (This also makes it a great 'beginner' functional language, because you can learn functional concepts piecemeal.)
Haskell, on the other hand, is a strictly functional language. In Haskell, you can only write your code in the functional way.
Fortunately, F# and Haskell are similar enough that it's easy to port F# code to Haskell, as long as the F# code already is 'sufficiently functional'. In order to evaluate if my F# code is properly functional, I sometimes port it to Haskell. If I can get it to compile and run in Haskell, I take that as confirmation that my code is functional.
I've previously shown an example similar to this one, but I'll repeat the experiment here. Will porting tryAccept
and tryAcceptComposition
to Haskell work?
It's easy to port tryAccept
:
tryAccept :: Int -> (ZonedTime -> [Reservation]) -> (Reservation -> Int) -> Reservation -> Maybe Int tryAccept capacity readReservations createReservation reservation = let reservedSeats = sum $ map quantity $ readReservations $ date reservation in if reservedSeats + quantity reservation <= capacity then Just $ createReservation $ reservation { isAccepted = True } else Nothing
Clearly, there are differences, but I'm sure that you can also see the similarities. The most important feature of this function is that it's pure. All Haskell functions are pure by default, unless explicitly declared to be impure, and that's not the case here. This function is pure, and so are both readReservations
and createReservation
.
The Haskell version of tryAccept
compiles, but what about tryAcceptComposition
?
Like the F# code, the experiment is to see if it's possible to 'inject' functions that actually operate against a database. Equivalent to the F# example, imagine that you have this DB
module:
readReservations :: ConnectionString -> ZonedTime -> IO [Reservation] readReservations connectionString date = -- .. createReservation :: ConnectionString -> Reservation -> IO Int createReservation connectionString reservation = -- ..
Database operations are, by definition, impure, and Haskell admirably models that with the type system. Notice how both functions return IO
values.
If you partially apply both functions with a valid connection string, the IO
context remains. The type of DB.readReservations connectionString
is ZonedTime -> IO [Reservation]
, and the type of DB.createReservation connectionString
is Reservation -> IO Int
. You can try to pass them to tryAccept
, but the types don't match:
tryAcceptComposition :: Reservation -> IO (Maybe Int) tryAcceptComposition reservation = let read = DB.readReservations connectionString create = DB.createReservation connectionString in tryAccept 10 read create reservation
This doesn't compile.
It doesn't compile, because the database operations are impure, and tryAccept
wants pure functions.
In short, partial application used for dependency injection isn't functional.
Partial application in F# can be used to achieve a result equivalent to dependency injection. It compiles and works as expected, but it's not functional. The reason it's not functional is that (most) dependencies are, by their very nature, impure. They're either non-deterministic, have side-effects, or both, and that's often the underlying reason that they are factored into dependencies in the first place.
Pure functions, however, can't call impure functions. If they could, they would become impure themselves. This rule is enforced by Haskell, but not by F#.
When you inject impure operations into an F# function, that function becomes impure as well. Dependency injection makes everything impure, which explains why it isn't functional.
Functional programming solves the problem of decoupling (side) effects from program logic another way. That's the topic of the next article.
Next: Dependency rejection.
Comments
A couple of questions: If you're porting your code from F# to Haskell and back into F#, why not just use Haskell in the first place?
Also, why would you want to mark a function as having side effects in the first place?
Thanks
Kurren, thank you for writing. Why not use Haskell in the first place? In some situations, if that's an option, I'd go for it. In most of my professional work, however, it's not. A bit of background is required, I think. I've spent most of my professional career working with Microsoft technologies. Most of my clients use .NET. The majority of my clients use C#, but some are interested in adopting functional programming. F# is a great bridge to functional programming, because it integrates so well with existing C# code.
Perhaps most importantly is that while these organisations learn F# as a new programming language, and a new paradigm, all other dimensions of software development remain the same. You can use familiar libraries and frameworks, you can use the same Continuous Integration and build tools as you've been used to, you can deploy like you always do, and you can operate and monitor your software like before.
If you start using Haskell, not only will developers have to learn an entire new ecosystem, but if you have a separate operations team, they would have be on board with that as well.
If you can't get the entire organisation to accept Haskell-based software, then F# is a great choice for a .NET shop. Developers will obviously know the difference, but the rest of the organisation can be oblivious to the choice of language.
When it comes to side-effects, that's one of the main motivations behind pure code in the first place. A major source of bugs is that often, programs have unintended side-effects. It's easy to introduce defects in a code base when side-effects are uncontrolled. That's the case for languages like C# and Java, and, unfortunately, F# as well. When you look at a method or function, there's no easy way to determine whether it has side-effects. In other words: all methods or functions could have side effects. (Also: all methods could return null.)
This slows you down when you work on an existing code base, because there's only one way to determine if side-effects or non-deterministic behaviour are part of the code you're about to call: you have to read it all.
On the other hand, if you can tell, just by looking at a function's type, whether or not it has side-effects, you can save yourself a lot of time. By definition, all the pure functions have no side-effect. You don't need to read the code in order to detect that.
In Haskell, this is guaranteed. In F#, you can design your system that way, but some discipline is required in order to uphold such a guarantee.


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For the final project, we had to create something of our choice using at least four different pieces of equipment/processes that we learned in the course of the class. Being the total nerd I am, I decided to make something based on Dungeons and Dragons. Because the game uses lots of dice, I created a dice holder to carry dice and a dice tray to rolling dice while playing. To create the dice holder, I used Fusion 360 (CAD) to make the design of the holder and 3D printed it once it was finished. For the dice tray, I used woodworking to cut all the necessary pieces in the correct size, laser engraving to design the sides and bottom, and vinyl cutting to create the giant sticker logo in the center. This means I used five processes in total. It took me three full class periods to complete plus about two extra hours spent in the WIC on my own time. I used 40 speed and 100 power on the laser engraver when engraving the wood. I learned that it takes a lot of time and effort to make projects that require many different processes to complete. I also learned that it's really fun to make projects based on something that I really enjoy and am passionate about. I'm really happy with the way they turned out and I will certainly be using these accessories the next time I play Dungeons and Dragons with my friends!
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1. Using the "Add to speech" button, add the paragraphs of your speech one by one. Each paragraph must be accompanied by a brief ~10 word description.
2. Save the text in the row below somewhere so you can use your speech again in the future.
3. Click the "Load speech" button and read through your speech.
4. When you're done, press the "Remove some words" button to, you guessed it, replace some of the words in your speech with blanks.
5. Try and fill in the blanks as you read your speech out loud. Repeat steps 4-5 as many times as it takes.
6. Refresh the page to change speeches.


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Organiser: {{ search_event.event_owner }}
{% endfor %}
Return to My Events
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Glyn has also produced what he calls a “cheatsheet” containing all permitted words in Hooting Yard Scrabble®, which readers can pore over with breathless enthusiasm here. I feel I ought to point out that, when rule five refers to misspellings, these are spellings—often archaic—which appear in quoted passages, rather than infelicities of my own. Should you be able to drag yourself away from Glyn's majestic wordlist, there will be further news from correspondents tomorrow, together with an introduction to an ancient mystic art of which Pansy Cradledew has become an Adept…


Core Topics
Advanced Topics
Misc
The Auto-Redrawing System
Mithril is designed around the principle that data always flows from the model to the view. This makes it easy to reason about the state of the UI and to test it. In order to implement this principle, the rendering engine must run a redraw algorithm globally to ensure no parts of the UI are out of sync with the data. While at first glance, it may seem expensive to run a global redraw every time data changes, Mithril makes it possible to do this efficiently thanks to its fast diffing algorithm, which only updates the DOM where it needs to be updated. Because the DOM is by far the largest bottleneck in rendering engines, Mithril's approach of running a diff against a virtual representation of the DOM and only batching changes to the real DOM as needed is surprisingly performant.
In addition, Mithril attempts to intelligently redraw only when it is appropriate in an application lifecycle. Most frameworks redraw aggressively and err on the side of redrawing too many times because, as it turns out, determining the best time to do a redraw is quite complicated if we want to be as efficient as possible.
Mithril employs a variety of mechanisms to decide the best time and the best strategy to redraw. By default, Mithril is configured to auto-redraw from scratch after component controllers are initialized, and it is configured to diff after event handlers are triggered. In addition, it's possible for non-Mithril asynchronous callbacks to trigger auto-redrawing by calling m.startComputation
and m.endComputation
in appropriate places (see below). Any code that is between a m.startComputation
and its respective m.endComputation
call is said to live in the context of its respective pair of function calls.
It's possible to defer a redraw by calling m.request
or by manually nesting m.startComputation
and m.endComputation
contexts. The way the redrawing engine defers redrawing is by keeping an internal counter that is incremented by m.startComputation
and decremented by m.endComputation
. Once that counter reaches zero, Mithril redraws. By strategically placing calls to this pair of functions, it is possible to stack asynchronous data services in any number of ways within a context without the need to pass state variables around the entire application. The end result is that you can call m.request
and other integrated data services seamlessly, and Mithril will wait for all of the asynchronous operations to complete before attempting to redraw.
In addition to being aware of data availability when deciding to redraw, Mithril is also aware of browser availability: if several redraws are triggered in a short amount of time, Mithril batches them so that at most only one redraw happens within a single animation frame (around 16ms). Since computer screens are not able to display changes faster than a frame, this optimization saves CPU cycles and helps UIs stay responsive even in the face of spammy data changes.
Mithril also provides several hooks to control its redrawing behavior with a deep level of granularity: m.startComputation
and m.endComputation
create redrawable contexts. m.redraw
forces a redraw to happen in the next available frame (or optionally, it can redraw immediately for synchronous processing). The config's retain flag can be used to change how specific elements are redrawn when routes change. m.redraw.strategy
can change the way Mithril runs the next scheduled redraw. Finally, the low-level m.render
can also be used if a developer chooses to opt out of rest of the framework altogether.
Integrating with The Auto-Redrawing System
If you need to do custom asynchronous calls without using Mithril's API, and find that your views are not redrawing automatically, you should consider using m.startComputation
/ m.endComputation
so that Mithril can intelligently auto-redraw once your custom code finishes running.
In order to integrate asynchronous code to Mithril's autoredrawing system, you should call m.startComputation
BEFORE making an asynchronous call, and m.endComputation
at the end of the asynchronous callback.
//this service waits 1 second, logs "hello" and then notifies the view that
//it may start redrawing (if no other asynchronous operations are pending)
var doStuff = function() {
m.startComputation(); //call `startComputation` before the asynchronous `setTimeout`
setTimeout(function() {
console.log("hello");
m.endComputation(); //call `endComputation` at the end of the callback
}, 1000);
};
To integrate synchronous code, call m.startComputation
at the beginning of the method, and m.endComputation
at the end.
window.onfocus = function() {
m.startComputation(); //call before everything else in the event handler
doStuff();
m.endComputation(); //call after everything else in the event handler
}
For each m.startComputation
call a library makes, it MUST also make one and ONLY one corresponding m.endComputation
call.
If you want to a recurring callback (such as setInterval
or a web socket event handler) to trigger redraws, you should call m.startComputation
at the beginning of the function, not outside of it.
setInterval(function() {
m.startComputation(); //call before everything else in the event handler
doStuff();
m.endComputation(); //call after everything else in the event handler
})
Integrating multiple execution threads
When integrating with third party libraries, you might find that you need to call asynchronous methods from outside of Mithril's API.
In order to integrate non-trivial asynchronous code with Mithril's auto-redrawing system, you need to ensure all execution threads call m.startComputation
/ m.endComputation
.
An execution thread is basically any amount of code that runs before other asynchronous threads start to run.
Integrating multiple execution threads can be done in two different ways: in a layered fashion or in comprehensive fashion.
Layered integration
Layered integration is recommended for modular code where many different APIs may be put together at the application level.
Below is an example where various methods implemented with a third party library can be integrated in layered fashion: any of the methods can be used in isolation or in combination.
Notice how doBoth
repeatedly calls m.startComputation
since that method calls both doSomething
and doAnother
. This is perfectly valid: there are three asynchronous computations pending after the jQuery.when
method is called, and therefore, three pairs of m.startComputation
/ m.endComputation
in play.
var doSomething = function(callback) {
m.startComputation(); //call `startComputation` before the asynchronous AJAX request
return jQuery.ajax("/something").done(function() {
if (callback) callback();
m.endComputation(); //call `endComputation` at the end of the callback
});
};
var doAnother = function(callback) {
m.startComputation(); //call `startComputation` before the asynchronous AJAX request
return jQuery.ajax("/another").done(function() {
if (callback) callback();
m.endComputation(); //call `endComputation` at the end of the callback
});
};
var doBoth = function(callback) {
m.startComputation(); //call `startComputation` before the asynchronous synchronization method
jQuery.when(doSomething(), doAnother()).then(function() {
if (callback) callback();
m.endComputation(); //call `endComputation` at the end of the callback
})
};
Comprehensive integration
Comprehensive integration is recommended if integrating a monolithic series of asynchronous operations. In contrast to layered integration, it minimizes the number of m.startComputation
/ m.endComputation
calls to avoid clutter.
The example below shows a convoluted series of AJAX requests implemented with a third party library.
var doSomething = function(callback) {
m.startComputation(); //call `startComputation` before everything else
jQuery.ajax("/something").done(function() {
doStuff();
jQuery.ajax("/another").done(function() {
doMoreStuff();
jQuery.ajax("/more").done(function() {
if (callback) callback();
m.endComputation(); //call `endComputation` at the end of everything
});
});
});
};


Thank you very much for visiting my personal blog. I would like to use this blog as a hub to view my scholarly and professional works, social media profiles, and, most importantly, to share research ideas for furthering collaboration.
Special notes: This is a personal blog of B. Shine Cho, Ph.D., hosted on Github Pages and built using jekyll with the lanyon theme. Special thanks to Kyle Stratis for sharing codes of his blog and to Kelvin Chin and Jerry Nguyen for their technical support.


Which of the following is not a real eCommerce platform?
If Shopify is so good, why are Shopify developers necessary?
Which of the following is true about Shopify developers?


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a collection of media that haroon finds inspiring
looking to drop a new moodboard every week, but ya rest of content finding soon. none of this belongs to me, most of it found on twitter. credits to whoever they belong to (i'll add credits as a feature soon)
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About
PyCon Finland is a non-profit conference organized
by a non-profit organization
Python Finland. It's
meant for Python hackers and people interested in
Python.
PyCon Finland 2011 will be held on October 17-18
in Turku. Admittance fee will be 100/50/10 €
(see registration for details).
We'll have talks on the first day, and the second day is
reserved for sprints, workshops and the biannual meeting of
Python Finland.
The venue for the conference is ICT Building, located at
Joukahaisenkatu 3, 20520 Turku,
Finland. There are many ways to arrive, and another
local conference, Turku
Agile Day,
provides
an
excellent guide on how to get there!
We're
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Looking for PyCon 2010 site?
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News
23.8.2011: We'll have two tracks! Many new speakers and talks announced.
17.8.2011: Registration open
7.8.2011: Schedule published
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Schedule
Monday 17.10.: Conference day
9:00 Registration opens
9:45 Opening notes
10:00 Talks in two tracks
12:00 Lunch
13:00 Talks in two tracks
15:00 Lightning talks, Keynote & Closing notes
17:00 End of conference day
Evening program (more details later)
Tuesday 18.10.: Sprints day
9:30 Bi-Annual Meeting of Python Suomi ry
10:30 Sprints & Workshops
17:00 End of sprints day
See you next year!
So far, we have confirmed the following speakers and talks:
- “Non-blocking QA” by Anthony Long
- “Understanding Encodings” by Ezio Melotti, a CPython core developer
- “Python for Data Science” by Harri Hämäläinen, a semantic data scientist
- “High-Performance Computing with Python” by a speaker from CSC
- “Replacing Spreadsheets with Django” by Teemu Kurppa from Huikea Experience
- “from __magic__ import wtf” by Jonas Åman from Spotify
- Andy Smith from Rackspace
- Keynote by Mike Bradshaw
The conference day will have two tracks. The exact
division of talks into tracks and starting
time for each
talk will be published later. Abstracts for talks are available on
Lanyrd.
We also have confirmed the following workshops and sprints:
- From Python 2 to Python 3 (workshop)
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- Replacing spreadsheets with Django (workshop)
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{% extends "header.html" %} {% block body %}
In this Python programming tutorial, we cover how to do FTP (file transfer protocol) transfers with ftplib. We'll cover both uploading and downloading files with a remote server.
To start:
from ftplib import FTP #domain name or server ip: ftp = FTP('123.server.ip') ftp.login(user='username', passwd = 'password')
The above will connect you to your remote server. You can then change into a specific directory with:
ftp.cwd('/whyfix/')
Now, let's show how we might download a file:
def grabFile(): filename = 'example.txt' localfile = open(filename, 'wb') ftp.retrbinary('RETR ' + filename, localfile.write, 1024) ftp.quit() localfile.close()
So there are a few things here, so let's walk through it. First, we assign the file name to a variable. Then, we prepare our local file to be written in accordance with whatever the remote file contains.
Next, we retrieve the binary data from the remote server, then we write to the local file what we find. The last parameter there, the 1024, is in reference to buffering. Basically, how much data at a time will we do? So at 1024, 1024 byte chunks will be transferred at a time until the full operation is complete.
Next, how about uploading a file?
def placeFile(): filename = 'exampleFile.txt' ftp.storbinary('STOR '+filename, open(filename, 'rb')) ftp.quit() placeFile()
About the same here, we take file name and assign it to a variable, then we store the binary data to the filename, with the read data from the file name locally.


Spearman's rank correlation test with precomputed exact null distribution for n <= 22.
| Version: | 0.3-0 |
| Published: | 2014-03-20 |
| Author: | Petr Savicky |
| Maintainer: | Petr Savicky <savicky at cs.cas.cz> |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| Materials: | ChangeLog |
| CRAN checks: | pspearman results |
| Reference manual: | pspearman.pdf |
| Package source: | pspearman_0.3-0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: pspearman_0.3-0.zip, r-release: pspearman_0.3-0.zip, r-oldrel: pspearman_0.3-0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: pspearman_0.3-0.tgz, r-oldrel: pspearman_0.3-0.tgz |
| Old sources: | pspearman archive |
| Reverse imports: | cultevo, NPMOD, RVAideMemoire |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=pspearman to link to this page.


Design , construction, operation, and maintenance of our naturally occurring or built environment.
It is a great profession. There is the fascination of watching a figment of the imagination
emerge through the aid of science to a plan on paper. Then it moves to realization
in stone or metal or energy. Then it brings jobs and homes
to men. Then it elevates the standards of living
and adds to the comforts of life. That is the engineer's high privilege.
Geology matters!. You will find out.
Virtually every structure is supported by soil or rock. Those that aren't either fly, float, or fall over. Richard handy (1955).
What Geotechnical Engineering is?
Application of physical, chemical, and mathematical models to study soil and/or rock behavior (i.e. mechanics) for the design, constructions, and operation of civil infrastructure systems (i.e., soil/rock structure interaction, water-soil interaction, air-soil interaction)
History and development of Geotechnical Engineering
Mathew 7:24-27
“Everyone then who hears these words of mine and does them will be like a wise man who built his house on the rock. And the rain fell, and the floods came, and the winds blew and beat on that house, but it did not fall, because it had been founded on the rock. And everyone who hears these words of mine and does not do them will be like a foolish man who built his house on the sand. And the rain fell, and the floods came, and the winds blew and beat against that house, and it fell, and great was the fall of it.”
History and development of Geotechnical Engineering
History and development of Geotechnical Engineering
Support for these structures mainly:
Stemmed from experience
Intuition
Rules of thumb
Recorded previous success
History and development of Geotechnical Engineering
With industrialization we needed reliable methods to support larger, more complex structures.
Exploratory borings began.
Foundation size was recognized to be proportional to loading.
However, no comprehensive science or theory for soil/rock behavior.
What makes Geotechnical engineering unique?
Is a service and practice oriented discipline.
Geomaterials are multiphase and highly complex materials.
They deform easily which can lead to catastrophyc disasters.
Geomaterials are not prescribed. We must investigate them.
Site investigation
A diverse subdiscipline
Soil testing
Soil behavior
Soil mechanics
Rock mechanics
Foundations and retaining systems
Dam and levees
Slope stability
Coastal and marine geotechnics
Geomechanics
Geonvironmental engineering
Soil remediation
Tunneling
And more...
Foundation engineering
Leaning Millennium Tower of San Fransisco
Current situation:
58-story skyscraper (650 ft tall)
Poured-in-place concrete structure. Largest west of the Mississippi
Supported on \(\approx\) 950 friction piles (not designed for tip resistance)
Began construction in 2005
Structure was erected by 2008
Department of Building Inspection (DBI) signed-off in 2009. Final unit sold in 2013
Development cost --> $600 M (by Millenium Partners)
Revneu from comdo sales --> $750 M
What went wrong?
Solutions
Current situation:
52 new perimeter piles embeded to bedrock
The stimated cost of retrofit --> $100M
Deep foundations
Ground improvement
Earth retention systems
Dams and levees
Tunneling
Tunneling
Slope stability
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering
The study of soil dynamics and prevention of structural damage due to ground motion and failure of geosystems (e.g. resulting from liquefaction)
Computational geomechanics
CPT in interlayered soils. Yost K. M. et al., (2021)
Earthquake-triggered landslide. Alsardi A. et al., (2021)
Landslide runout. Yerro et al., (2019)
Onset of scour around buried pipeline. Xuanyu Zhao (2018)


The Longhorn Mobile Market is a mobile application built to enhance the peer-to-peer (P2P) buying, selling, and trading experience for students at the University of Texas at Austin.
Currently, a Facebook group page called “UT buy/sell/trade” exists. University of Texas at Austin students and alumni use this page to buy, sell, trade, and give away various items such as clothing, furniture, and even cars. However, users, namely our fellow students, voiced concerns about the limitations of searching for specific items and specific sales.
We created The Longhorn Mobile Market to enhance the peer-to-peer (P2P) buying, selling, and trading experience for students at the University of Texas at Austin.
Longhorn Mobile Market Demo
Since the UT Buy page is exclusive to UT students, we set out to find students on campus. Our interview pool consisted of UT undergrad students, graduate students, and recent UT grads. Seven individuals were interviewed, and we surveyed 26 people, 5 of whom were not aware of the system.
Interview data
We saw some reoccuring themes and statements by the interviewees. Many of the interviewees expressed that they liked the email verification feature of the Facebook page in terms of security. They also commented on the limitations of Facebook's search filters.
"I like that it's a safe place to sell, unlike Craigslist where you don't know who you're selling to or if they have other motives."
"The page should have separate tabs for buying, selling, and lost and found instead of having it all mixed up in one page. The search function should be more noticeable. I like the sub-categories that Craigslist has."
Through our research, we determined that the predominate users use the system via:
We represented this in a usage flow model.
A photo of our hand-drawn usage flow model.
Some reoccuring themes that we noted as we created the WAAD included issues with post motivation, trust, page interaction, and page usability.
Constructing our Workflow Activity Affinity Diagram
The results from our research suggested that UT students would benefit from a mobile app that addresses the issue of product organization and prioritizes user security.
We decided that the main organization function would be to catalogue items by different categories in terms of item type. The app would feature a verification process that made it exclusive only to UT affiliated individuals and a meetup feature to record the intended site for their transaction.
We started by creating a persona of a typical student that would use the page. Research showed that a typical student would be a female upperclassman that lives off-campus. Many students often look for inexpensive and expendable furniture from other students who inevitably graduate and move out of Austin.
The persona data
We determined that three usage scenarios would best demonstrate the three main actions of the app. These scenarios were: a user interested in buying, a user interested in selling, and a user finds a misplaced item (lost and found).
We sketched different task flows and determined the potential screens to create to follow the flow. I created a storyboard that visualized a student completing the task of posting an item on the app.
Interaction design, from the whiteboard to paper, and storyboard of a user interacting with the app
Sketching the wireframes allowed us to smoothly transition from paper to digital. We used Balsamiq to create our low-fidelity mockups.
Low-fidelity mockups using Balsamiq
We had two phases of prototyping and testing. During the pilot testing of our initial prototype, users provided feedback to apply to our app. We used that feedback to make changes to the features.
Some issues found were confusion about the verification process, difficulty finding the meetup feature, and lack of clarity of the icons. After meeting and discussing the issues, we made revisions on the low-fis. This allowed for a faster creation of the high-fidelity mockups. Invision was used for prototyping and Sketch for creating the high-fis.
High-fidelity mockup of the email verification flow
High-fidelity mockup of the navigation level
High-fidelity mockup of the browse level
If this app were to be developed, one iteration I would attempt is on the product detail page. If another item with an identical or similar title, description, and price were to be listed, the user can become confused and select the wrong item from the wrong person. A thumbnail image of the item on the product item screen can address that issue. The thumbnail can be similar to the image used in the message screen.
By designing Longhorn Mobile Market my group and I were able to experience the complexities of moving a system from one platform (the Facebook app) to another (a full-fledged mobile app). It was a challenging experience, but I learned a lot along the way.


Created: 30 Nov 2013
By: cssigniter.com
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Thank you for purchasing the Olympic HTML template. If you have any questions that are beyond the scope of this help file, please feel free to email via my user page contact form here. Thanks so much!
In the "HTML" folder you will all the html files for the template. In the folder named "PSD" you will 3 PSDs for the template.
The template uses 4 main CSS Files. The first one is the main css file called styles.css and it is located in the same folder with the html files. In there you will find all the styles organized in sections with comments. Attention! if you change the path of this file you will have to update the paths of any background image declarations inside it.
Next you will see one more stylesheet called bootstrap.css and contains everything related to the grid. The template is based on the Twitter Bootstrap CSS Grid and you can find it's documentation on the official website here. The file mediaqueries.css containers the responsive styles needed for the template to look great on mobiles and tablets. There 6 more styles located in the colors directory. They contain all the color schemes. If you want to see them just replace the default.css with the stylesheet that you want.
This theme imports the following Javascript files.
All javascript files are located in the /js folder, the script that handles the infinite scrolling is at the very bottom of the index.html page.
The links to documentation and websites for the above scripts are:
If you load the theme from a local folder (e.g. file://..) the ajax infinite scrolling might not be working. This is due to Ajax safety issues. If you upload the theme to a live server or even Dropbox (or your localhost server) everything should be working fine.
Once again, thank you so much for purchasing this template. As was said at the beginning, we'd be glad to help you if you have any questions relating to this template. No guarantees, but I'll do my best to assist. If you have a more general question relating to the themes on ThemeForest, you might consider visiting the forums and asking your question in the "Item Discussion" section.
CSSIGNITER


I’ve recreated my personal blog using Jekyll and so far I loving.
And it’s not only because how powerful and customizable Jekyll is, is the first time that I feeling that I use a blogging platform build for developers by developers and is great.
For those that actually don’t know what Jekyll is, a quote from their site:
So what is Jekyll, exactly?
Jekyll is a simple, blog-aware, static site generator. It takes a template directory containing raw text files in various formats, runs it through a converter (like Markdown) and our Liquid renderer, and spits out a complete, ready-to-publish static website suitable for serving with your favorite web server. Jekyll also happens to be the engine behind GitHub Pages, which means you can use Jekyll to host your project’s page, blog, or website from GitHub’s servers for free.
So basically you could just write your blog using Liquid combining markdown and html, tools familiar for almost any developer, and them build an static web with your blog.
So this extract from their guide could help you in the installation:
But if you like just to build the static version of your blog an upload to any host:
But of course what is a blog without comments, for that I’m using disqus.
I’ve just need to update my post template to add this snippet:
And finally I choose a wonderful theme that I like a lot and do a couple of tweaks for my needs.
But then I realized that I need a nice color scheme for the syntax highlight so I used this css.


Coverage Summary for Class: LeaderAction (it.polimi.ingsw.model)
| Class | Class, % | Method, % | Line, % |
|---|---|---|---|
| LeaderAction | 100% (1/1) | 100% (2/2) | 100% (17/17) |
1 package it.polimi.ingsw.model; 2 3 import it.polimi.ingsw.commons.LeaderCard; 4 import it.polimi.ingsw.exceptions.LeaderRequirementsException; 5 import it.polimi.ingsw.exceptions.LeaderStatusException; 6 import it.polimi.ingsw.utils.messages.clientMessages.*; 7 import it.polimi.ingsw.utils.messages.serverMessages.Updates.LeaderActionUpdate; 8 9 /** 10 * This class implements one of the possible main action of the game turn. 11 * At the beginning or at the end of the turn a player can activate or discard one of the {@link LeaderCard} he owns. 12 */ 13 14 public class LeaderAction implements AbstractTurnPhase{ 15 16 /** 17 * Performs the leader action by calling the proper method of the {@link Player} class. 18 * Before all a check on the leader card status is done. Only a not active card can be discarded or activated. 19 * If the player wants to discard the card, no further checks are performed and the proper method is called. 20 * If the player wants to activate the card instead, a check whether he fulfills the requirements needed 21 * to activate the card is performed. If this check is passed, the card is activated by calling the proper method. 22 * At the end, all remote views are notified of the overcome of the action with a proper update. 23 * @param turn the turn in which the action is being performed. 24 * @param message sent by the client containing the instructions on how to perform the action. 25 * @throws LeaderStatusException if the leader card specified is already active. 26 * @throws LeaderRequirementsException if the requirements needed to activate the card aren't fulfilled. 27 */ 28 @Override 29 public void leaderAction(Turn turn, LeaderActionMessage message) throws LeaderStatusException, LeaderRequirementsException { 30 Player player = turn.getPlayer(); 31 if(player.checkLeaderStatus(message.getIndex()-1)) { 32 if (message.isToDiscard()) { 33 LeaderCard discarded = player.discardLeaderCard(message.getIndex() - 1); 34 turn.getGame().notifyUpdate(new LeaderActionUpdate(turn.getPlayer().getUser(), 35 player.getPersonalBoard().getReducedVersion(), 36 discarded, message.getIndex(),true)); 37 } 38 else { 39 if (player.checkLeaderActivation(message.getIndex() - 1)) { 40 player.activateLeaderCard(message.getIndex() - 1); 41 turn.getGame().notifyUpdate(new LeaderActionUpdate(turn.getPlayer().getUser(), 42 player.getReducedPersonalBoard(), 43 player.getLeaderCards().get(message.getIndex() - 1), 44 message.getIndex(),false)); 45 } 46 else throw new LeaderRequirementsException(); 47 } 48 } else throw new LeaderStatusException(); 49 } 50 51 }


Red Light,
Green Light
No Red Light Locations Found
Update Current Location
New Hazard/Warning
Location:
Description:
Add Location


WELCOME TO SKOM e-CREW JOB PORTAL ONLINE EMPLOYMENT APPLICATION
SKOM is looking for dedicated, skilled and experienced talents with
passion in the offshore marine. We offer competitive package, training and
new fleet environment which allow you to excel in your career. Submit your
application now and be part of the team to deliver possibilities!
|


"There's no knowing where you might be swept off to..."
| Flight | Number | Departure - Arrival | Ticket Price |
"Roads? Where you're going, you won't need roads..."
| Flight | Number | Departure - Arrival | Ticket Price |
Your total price is $
Thank you for traveling with Air Nimbus!


CHRISTOPHER MOORE is the author of seven novels, including this one. He began writing at age six and became the oldest known child prodigy when, in his early thirties, he published his first novel. His turn-ons are the ocean, playing the toad lotto, and talking animals on TV. His turn-offs are salmonella, traffic, and rude people. Chris enjoys cheese crackers, acid jazz, and otter scrubbing. He lives in an inaccessible island fortress in the Pacific. You can e-mail him at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Visit the official Christopher Moore website at www.chrismoore.com.
Visit www.AuthorTracker.com for exclusive information on your favorite HarperCollins author.


public class CRF
extends java.lang.Object
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
CRF()
Constructor for a CRF instance.
|
CRF(double sigma)
Constructor for a CRF instance.
|
CRF(double sigma,
double epsilon)
Constructor for a CRF instance.
|
CRF(double sigma,
double epsilon,
int maxIter)
Constructor for a CRF instance.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
feedData(Matrix[][][] Fs)
Feed data sequences for training.
|
void |
feedLabels(int[][] Ys)
Feed labels for training data sequences.
|
static java.lang.Object[] |
generateDataSequences(int D,
int n_min,
int n_max,
int d,
int N,
double sparseness)
Generate random data sequences to train a CRF model.
|
void |
loadModel(java.lang.String filePath)
Load the model from a file.
|
static void |
main(java.lang.String[] args) |
int[] |
predict(Matrix[][] Fs)
Predict the single best label sequence given the features for an
observation sequence by Viterbi algorithm.
|
void |
saveModel(java.lang.String filePath)
Save the model to a file.
|
void |
train()
Estimate parameters for the basic CRF by a maximum conditional
log-likelihood estimation principle.
|
public CRF()
public CRF(double sigma)
sigma
- regularization parameterpublic CRF(double sigma, double epsilon)
sigma
- regularization parameterepsilon
- convergence precisionpublic CRF(double sigma, double epsilon, int maxIter)
sigma
- regularization parameterepsilon
- convergence precisionmaxIter
- maximal number of iterationspublic static void main(java.lang.String[] args)
args
- public void feedData(Matrix[][][] Fs)
Fs
- a 3D Matrix
array, where F[k][i][j] is the sparse
feature matrix for the j-th feature of the k-th observation sequence
at position i, i.e., f_{j}^{{\bf x}_k, i}public void feedLabels(int[][] Ys)
Ys
- a 2D integer array, where Ys[k][i] is the label index for the label
of the k-th training data sequence at position i in the label spacepublic static java.lang.Object[] generateDataSequences(int D, int n_min, int n_max, int d, int N, double sparseness)
D
- number of data sequences to be generatedn_min
- minimal length for the randomly generated data sequencesn_max
- maximal length for the randomly generated data sequencesd
- number of feature functionsN
- number of statessparseness
- sparseness for the feature matricespublic void train()
public int[] predict(Matrix[][] Fs)
Fs
- a 2D Matrix
array, where F[i][j] is the sparse
feature matrix for the j-th feature of the observation sequence
at position i, i.e., f_{j}^{{\bf x}, i}public void saveModel(java.lang.String filePath)
filePath
- file path to save the modelpublic void loadModel(java.lang.String filePath)
filePath
- file Path to load the model from


@main("Home"){
| Spare part name: {{getSparePartIndex.partName}} |
| Part number : {{getSparePartIndex.modelNumber}} |
| Manufacture of the spare part: {{getSparePartIndex.manufacturer}} |
| Date of manufacturer : {{getSparePartIndex.fablicationYear}} |
| Manufacture price: {{getSparePartIndex.manufacturerPrice}} |
| Country of manufacturer: {{getSparePartIndex.country}} |
| Genuine or counterfeit: {{getSparePartIndex.originality}} |
| Spare part name: {{getSparePartIndex.partName}} |
| Part number : {{getSparePartIndex.modelNumber}} |
| Manufacture of the spare part: {{getSparePartIndex.manufacturer}} |
| Date of manufacturer : {{getSparePartIndex.fablicationYear}} |
| Manufacture price: {{getSparePartIndex.manufacturerPrice}} |
| Country of manufacturer: {{getSparePartIndex.country}} |
| Genuine or counterfeit: {{getSparePartIndex.originality}} |


Favorite Words
"People will stare... Make it Worth their while" -Harry Winston
Favorite Job:
Bartending
I bartend at three different bars in the Cincinnati area. 16-Bit Bar Arcade at on walnut street, on Mondays and Saturdays, Sundry and Vice as a fill in, and Comfort Station in East Walnut Hills area on Sunday mornings and Tuesday nights!


Assembler Compiler
Toggle navigation
Compiler
About
Assembler Compiler
Developed at
Arquitetura e Organização de Computadores
2016/1
Created by
Artur Morelle Nista
Code at
Found an issue?


Control characters are special, invisible characters in the ASCII range 0-31. These characters are rarely used in JavaScript strings so a regular expression containing these characters is most likely a mistake.
This rule disallows control characters in regular expressions.
Examples of incorrect code for this rule:
/*eslint no-control-regex: "error"*/
var pattern1 = /\x1f/;
var pattern2 = new RegExp("\x1f");
Examples of correct code for this rule:
/*eslint no-control-regex: "error"*/
var pattern1 = /\x20/;
var pattern2 = new RegExp("\x20");
If you need to use control character pattern matching, then you should turn this rule off.
This rule was introduced in ESLint 0.1.0.


Build an index with anchor links by givem header element
Get content from external file directly into a div (area).
Describe an action from given webservice into another widget
Place formatted answer from webservice (see actionws)
TODO
TODO
TODO
TODO
TODO
TODO
TODO
TODO


I Wanna Be Thy Copy
Thy Copy : Thy Game
Back to level 1 & delete save
mute (key:
M
)
Your browser doesn't support canvas.
Your browser needs JavaScript to run this game.
Default keys (click to change):
Left Arrow - Move left
Space - Jump
R - Restart
Right Arrow - Move right
T - Shoot
M - Mute sound
Press key to change, or escape to abort.
Click here to reset keys
IWBTG was originally created by
Kayin
, who shall be worshipped for creating
the best game ever
.
Also props to Ellipsis and sam136 from the IWBTG forum for ripping the music and images from the original game.
Source code available on
github
.


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Enter your email address below and we will send you a link to reset your password.


When the emissivity of a radiating body is 0, the body emits \(J = \epsilon \sigma T^4 = 0 j/sm^2 \text{.}\) So a body that absorbs no incident radiation also emits no radiation. When the emissivity is 1, the body emits \(J = \epsilon \sigma T^4 = \sigma T^4 j/sm^2\) which matches that of a


Australia to consider following South Africa's lead and allow more overseas-based players
by Online EditorsIn the midst of a self-confessed “rebuild phase”, Rugby Australia will review its so-called “Giteau Law” after pledging to usher in an exciting new era for the Wallabies.
With a new coach coming and the chairman going, changes are afoot at RA and the next one may be to scrap the rule allowing overseas-based players with 60 Tests under their belt to remain eligible for national selection.
Michael Cheika had the controversial concept introduced in his second year at the helm in order to have Matt Giteau, primarily, and Drew Mitchell back for the 2015 Rugby World Cup.
But it’s also led to an exodus of talent and means the likes of inspirational Wallabies vice-captain Samu Kerevi, now plying his trade in Japan, is unavailable because he’s only played 29 Tests.
Scott Johnson, RA’s director of rugby, said Australia’s governing body would revisit the Giteau Law upon the completion of a review into the Wallabies’ worst-ever World Cup campaign.
“It’s not just about thinking what it does for Rugby Australia, it’s about thinking about the changes that are happening in the wider international landscape, what other countries are doing around their rules, where competitions land and timing of those competitions,” Johnson said at Wednesday’s unveiling of New Zealander Dave Rennie as Wallabies coach.
South Africa won the World Cup last month with a stack of overseas-based players.
“It shows it can be done,” Johnson said.
“Is it right for us? That’s something we’ll have to look at.
“The reality is for the first part we need to sign the younger players and get them to play the game we want them to play, get them appropriately conditioned to play the game we want to play.
“Our priority is to sign the younger ones first for an extensive period. In five, six years, if they’ve committed here, it may be a model we want to take up.
“The reality is, though, we’ve got a younger group of players that is going to come through that is going to help us change the landscape of Australian rugby so for the large part I’d like them here.”
Australia certainly needs them here with Johnson, rather soberingly declaring the once-mighty Wallabies now a “top-eight” side.
RA chief Raelene Castle also pulled no punches when asked about the state of Australian rugby.
“In a rebuild phase. That’s the reality of it,” she said.
“We’ve had some really difficult times and there’s been lots of people working really hard, not just here at Rugby Australia but with our Super (Rugby) clubs, with our states and territories, our member unions.
“So there is significant growth happening across the country,” Castle said.
“There’s lots of positive stories to be told and we need to keep telling those stories and we also need the Wallabies to be successful.”
– AAP
Rugby Australia are doing a full review following their uninspiring World Cup performance:


---
title: "Ahhhgust"
date: "2019-08-16 00:00:00 -06:00"
categories:
- whats-blooming
layout: "post"
blog-banner: "whats-blooming-now-summer.jpg"
post-date: "August 16, 2019"
post-time: "12:00 PM"
blog-image: "2019-08-16-wbn.jpg"
published: true
---
Ahh... so glad it's August. Now that we've passed the peak of summer heat, come enjoy the slightly cooler part of summer at Red Butte.
This is a spot you'll want to stay in for a while. Isn't it breathtaking!?
One of my favorites in the garden, the magenta flowers are so vibrant!
The flower heads look like little pineapples! So cute! View it in the lower part of the Water Conservation Garden.
A beautiful aquatic plant native to Eastern North America. It is displayed in the Children's Garden pond.
The orange flower spikes add fun texture to the Water Conservation Garden.
Another Garden favorite! The striking purple flower heads contrast well against the green foliage along the Floral Walk.
This daylily cultivar produces many heavily ruffled flowers, however each flower only lasts for a day, hence it's common name. See it in the Water Conservation Garden.
This beauty can be used as a vegetable. The roots and stalks are edible, as well as the unopened flower heads that can be cooked like a small artichoke. This can be seen in the Desert Harvest portion of the Water Conservation Garden.
There is a lot of wonderous beauty happening in the Garden right now, don't delay visiting the Garden today.


{extend name="mobile/base/base"} {block name="title"}Support index{/block} {block name="seo"} {/block} {block name="style"} {/block} {block name="banner"}
The driver file is a little bit large, it is recommeded to access the page and download it by using computer.
The manual file is a little bit large, it is recommeded to access the page and download it by using computer.
F.A.Q


+++
title = "MIMIC-IV"
linkTitle = "MIMIC-IV"
+++
{{< blocks/cover title="MIMIC-IV" image_anchor="top" height="full" color="orange" >}}
{{< /blocks/cover >}}
{{% blocks/lead color="primary" %}}
MIMIC-IV is a publicly available database of patients admitted to the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston,
MA, USA.
{{% /blocks/lead %}}
{{< blocks/section color="primary-light" >}}
{{% blocks/feature icon="fa-lightbulb" title="Documentation" url="https://mimic-iv.mit.edu/docs" %}}
Detailed description of the database is provided in the docs.
{{% /blocks/feature %}}
{{% blocks/feature icon="fab fa-github" title="Collaborate" url="https://github.com/MIT-LCP/mimic-iv" %}}
Find and share code for working with MIMIC-IV on our GitHub repository.
{{% /blocks/feature %}}
{{% blocks/feature icon="fab fa-gitter" title="Discuss" url="https://gitter.im/mimic-iv/community" %}}
Discuss MIMIC-IV on Gitter.
{{% /blocks/feature %}}
{{< /blocks/section >}}


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The data controller for this information is the Cabinet Office, based at 70 Whitehall, London SW1A 2AS registered with the Information Commissioner’s Office with registration number Z7414053.
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What we will do with your data
The Government Digital Service wants to make websites better by learning from the people who use them. The information or data you share with us will only be used for user research for the Government Digital Service. Your answers will also help us only ask you to participate in user research that’s relevant to you.
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Keeping your data secure
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Where we will store your data
The data we collect from you will be stored within the UK and will not leave the UK. Your data will be processed by staff within the UK who work for us or one of our suppliers.
By submitting your personal data, you agree to this transfer, storing or processing. We will take all steps reasonably necessary to ensure that your data is treated securely and in accordance with this privacy policy.
Holding your data
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You can take yourself off our list at any time.
Disclosing your information
Your information will be stored securely and we will only use it for user research.
We may share your data with other government departments who will use it for user research.
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Your rights
You can find out what information we hold about you, and ask us not to use any of the information we collect. You can contact [email] to find out what information we hold about you.
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Following a link to another website
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Notice
We may occasionally change this privacy policy so that it accurately reflects regulation and how we collect and disclose data. All amended terms will automatically be effective 30 days after they are posted on this web page.


My name is Ehson Raza and I am Technology Consultant who graduated from University of Houston
with an undergraduate degree in Finance and Accounting. I am currently enrolled in University of Texas' full stack web development program which focuses on HTML, CSS, Javascript, SQL Database, Node.js and other emerging technologies and frameworks.


- . Germans (German: Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe,[24][25] who share a common German ancestry, culture and history. German is the shared mother tongue of a substantial majority of ethnic Germans.
The English term Germans has historically referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages.[note 3] Ever since the outbreak of the Protestant Reformation within the Holy Roman Empire, German society has been characterized by a Catholic-Protestant divide.[26]
Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world,[27] roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 4] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied[1] (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.).
- The German term Deutsche originates from the Old High German word diutisc (from diot "people"), referring to the Germanic "language of the people". It is not clear how commonly, if at all, the word was used as an ethnonym in Old High German.
Used as a noun, ein diutscher in the sense of "a German" emerges in Middle High German, attested from the second half of the 12th century.[29]
The Old French term alemans is taken from the name of the Alamanni. It was loaned into Middle English as almains in the early 14th century. The word Dutch is attested in English from the 14th century, denoting continental West Germanic ("Dutch" and "German") dialects and their speakers
- The Germans are a Germanic people, who as an ethnicity emerged during the Middle Ages. Originally part of the Holy Roman Empire, around 300 independent German states emerged during its decline after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 ending the Thirty Years War. These states eventually formed into modern Germany in the 19th century.[33].


--- layout: article title: "Prayer Requests" date: modified: excerpt: share: false image: feature: teaser: thumb: ads: false permalink: /prayer/ ---


MUMFORD (Touchstone) Starring: Loren Dean, Hope Davis, Jason Lee, Alfre Woodard, Mary McDonnell, Pruitt Taylor Vince, Zooey Deschanel, Martin Short, David Paymer, Jane Adams, Dana Ivey, Ted Danson, Jason Ritter. Screenplay: Lawrence Kasdan. Producers: Charles Okun and Lawrence Kasdan. Director: Lawrence Kasdan.  Reviewed by Scott Renshaw.
Lawrence Kasdan has grown to adore narrative sprawl. A writer who once contributed to tight genre entertainments like THE EMPIRE STRIKES BACK, RAIDERS OF THE LOST ARK and BODY HEAT, Kasdan became a film-maker with a problem: He over-indulged his own characters, and let his stories wander wherever those characters wanted to go. He attracted wonderful actors because he wrote wonderful parts, but he seemed little interested in making those parts part of a whole. Sometimes (THE BIG CHILL, SILVERADO, GRAND CANYON) those untamed scripts still turned into satisfying episodic films; sometimes (THE ACCIDENTAL TOURIST, WYATT EARP) they turned into meandering acting showcases.
MUMFORD, Kasdan's latest exercise in free-form ensemble, has the germ of a great story at the core of his narrative...and he promptly drowns that germ in the pencillin of his herky-jerky directing. The story begins in the small town town of Mumford, where a recently-arrived psychologist also named Mumford (Loren Dean) is developing a booming practice with his unconventional methods. Doc Mumford endears himself to virtually everyone, including the town's equally unconventional billionaire modem magnate Skip Skipperton (Jason Lee), but it turns out Doc Mumford has a secret. Though his therapy brings results, his credentials aren't exactly conventional either. In fact, he's not a psychologist at all.
It takes a while before Kasdan spills all the beans about Doc Mumford's back story, but by then you can already see everything that's right and everything that's wrong about MUMFORD. On the plus side -- predictably for a Kasdan film -- is the cast, filled with appealing character performers. Loren Dean's low-key, natural delivery is perfect for the no-nonsense Doc Mumford, Jason Lee shows a sweetness far more convincing than it was in KISSING A FOOL, and the radiant Hope Davis lends her unique gifts to Sofie, the chronically fatigued patient for whom Doc Mumford falls. Kasdan drops these characters into the kind of bucolic, milkman-served town that would appeal to anyone looking for a fresh start. It's the ideal set-up for a comic romance with complications.
But MUMFORD isn't a comic romance with complications, at least not often enough. Much of its running time is devoted to Doc Mumford's sessions with a variety of patients: a housewife who shops compulsively (Mary McDonnell); a pharmacist with pulp fiction fantasies (Pruitt Taylor Vince); a sulky teen with self-image problems (Zooey Deschanel). Though the actors are all fine, their characters are a huge distraction. Kasdan certainly needs to show Doc Mumford's gift for helping people, but he includes far too many such scenes. Once again, Kasdan finds himself unable or unwilling to rein in his supporting characters. In the process, he loses track of MUMFORD'S backbone, creating a film that bumps along with virtually no flow.
That lack of momentum is most evident when it becomes clear that MUMFORD's payoff will be a relationship between Mumford and Sofie. There are a couple of perfectly charming scenes between Dean and Davis, but there's no way to anticipate that the film is leading up to a choice based on those scenes. MUMFORD more often plays as a subtle jab at therapy, suggesting that a really good listener who knows something about overcoming troubles is all an unhappy soul really needs. That's an interesting enough concept, but it doesn't exactly make for a satisfying story; watching Doc Mumford's patient list hijack the film only emphasizes that MUMFORD should have been about the doctor. The saying goes that there are no small parts, only small actors. Lawrence Kasdan seems to agree...to a fault.
On the Renshaw scale of 0 to 10 casting couches: 5.
Visit Scott Renshaw's Screening Room http://www.inconnect.com/~renshaw/ *** Subscribe to receive new reviews directly by email! See the Screening Room for details, or reply to this message with subject "Subscribe".
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ID generation works differently for relations and terms.
When a new relation is created, OBO-Edit displays a prompt where the new relation id can be entered. The user can type in anything they want, provided:
When a new term is created, OBO-Edit determines what id generation rule to use (see The ID Manager Plugin for how the current rule is specified). This rule contains information about what new ids should look like.
At a minimum, an id generation rule specifies some fixed text that must appear in a new id. Usually, the rule also specifies a fixed-length string of numbers that may appear in the new id. The actual contents of this number string are not specified; the rule just says that a number of a certain length should appear at a certain position in a newly generated id.
OBO-Edit then searches all the terms (live and obsolete) in the entire ontology to see which ids are already in use. OBO-Edit then generates an id satisfies the id generation rule. If the id rule requires a numeric sequence to appear in new ids, OBO-Edit generates the lowest possible number that is not already in use.
In this way, OBO-Edit guarantees that no id is ever reused, and that the id space is used efficiently. That is, if the ids "GO:003" and "GO:005" are in use, but for some reason "GO:004" is not in use, the next term that OBO-Edit generates will be "GO:004" (assuming that the id generation rule is "GO:$sequence(3)$").
OBO-Edit can only work with what it's given. It assumes that if an id does not appear in any of the currently loaded ontologies, that id is free to be given to a new term.
This is not always true.
For example, an ontology may have been filtered in such a way that it was saved into 2 or 3 files. Later, a user may load only one of those files. If the pieces of the ontology in each file use the same namespace, a newly created term could be assigned an id that is currently in use in a part of the ontology that has not been loaded. This can have disastrous results when all the pieces of the ontology are loaded again, since OBO-Edit will assume that the two terms with the same id are actually the same term. At best, there will be a load error. For this reason, one should never edit an ontology that is only partially loaded.
This is also why it is so dangerous to use the Destroy command. If a term is destroyed, its id goes back into circulation for use in new term creation, and that id will probably be reused immediately. If the term that was destroyed was ever included in a publicly available version of your ontology, external database and applications that use your ontology may become confused by this id reuse. For example, tools like obodiff will think that instead of destroying a term and creating a new term somewhere else, you have kept the old term in the ontology but changed all its parents, children, its name, its defintion, and all its other attributes.
Applications assume that a term id will be used for a single term and never again. That is why terms are obsoleted instead of destroyed: we need to keep an audit trail of ids that have been used. If it is possible to reuse an id through the use of the destroy command or ontology filtering, this assumption does not hold, and applications everywhere become deeply confused.


Implement GET Ajax requests (dojo/request) to NFL API to load logo and other team info.
Refactor and optimize functions.


0.4.1 - Handle new install location for npm 3.x
0.4.0 - Update dependencies, add newer Robeaux version
0.3.0 - Update dependencies, add newer Robeaux version
0.2.0 - Continued internals, fixes, serveDir
option
0.1.1 - Correct command issues, re-organize internals.
0.1.0 - Initial release


auto-migration, orThe choice of migration method depends upon the complexity of the application's data. For some applications, only the objects used in balancing must be migrated; no auxiliary data structures must be moved. Particle simulations are examples of such applications; load balancing is based on the number of particles per processor, and only the particles and their data must be moved to establish the new decomposition. For such applications, Zoltan's auto-migration tools can be used. Other applications, such as finite element methods, perform load balancing on, say, the nodes of the finite element mesh, but nodes that are moved to new processors also need to have their connected elements moved to the new processors, and migrated elements may also need "ghost" nodes (i.e., copies of nodes assigned to other processors) to satisfy their connectivity requirements on the new processor. This complex data migration requires a more user-controlled approach to data migration than the auto-migration capabilities Zoltan can provide.
user-guided migration.
|
/* Tell Zoltan to automatically migrate data for the application.
*/
Zoltan_Set_Param(zz, "AUTO_MIGRATE", "TRUE"); /* Register additional functions for packing and unpacking data
*/
/* Free memory allocated for load-balancing results by Zoltan
*/
|
| /* Assume
Zoltan returns a decomposition of the */
/* nodes of a finite element mesh. */ Zoltan_LB_Partition(zz,&new,&num_gid_entries,&num_lid_entries, &num_imp,&imp_global_ids,&imp_local_ids,&imp_procs,&imp_to_part, &num_exp,&exp_global_ids,&exp_local_ids,&exp_procs,&exp_to_part); /* Migrate the nodes as directed by the results of Zoltan_LB_Partition.
*/
/* Prepare for migration of requested elements. */
/* From the request lists, a processor knows which elements it
needs */
/* Processor now knows which elements to send to other processors.
*/
/* Repeat process for "ghost" nodes. */
|