Note: On Aug 19 2019 GREAT released version 4 where it supports hg38
genome and removes some ontologies such pathways. submitGreatJob()
still takes hg19
as default. hg38
can be specified by the species = "hg38"
argument. To use the older versions such as 3.0.0, specify as submitGreatJob(..., version = "3.0.0")
.
GREAT (Genomic Regions Enrichment of Annotations Tool) is a popular web-based tool to associate biological functions to genomic regions. The rGREAT package makes GREAT anlaysis automatic by first constructing a HTTP POST request according to user’s input and retrieving results from GREAT web server afterwards.
Load the package:
library(rGREAT)
The input data is either a GRanges
object or a BED-format data frame, no matter it is sorted or not. In following example, we use a data frame which is randomly generated.
set.seed(123) bed = circlize::generateRandomBed(nr = 1000, nc = 0) bed[1:2, ]
## chr start end
## 1 chr1 7634457 9204434
## 2 chr1 9853594 10435028
Submit genomic regions by submitGreatJob()
. Before submitting, genomic regions will be sorted and overlapping regions will be merged.
The returned variable job
is a GreatJob
class instance which can be used to retrieve results from GREAT server and stored results which are already downloaded.
job = submitGreatJob(bed)
You can get the summary of your job by directly calling job
variable.
job
## Submit time: 2020-04-20 13:57:30
## Version: 4.0.4
## Species: hg19
## Inputs: 1005 regions
## Background: wholeGenome
## Model: Basal plus extension
## Proximal: 5 kb upstream, 1 kb downstream,
## plus Distal: up to 1000 kb
## Include curated regulatory domains
##
## Enrichment tables for following ontologies have been downloaded:
## None
More parameters can be set for the job:
job = submitGreatJob(bed, species = "mm9") job = submitGreatJob(bed, bg, species = "mm9") job = submitGreatJob(bed, adv_upstream = 10, adv_downstream = 2, adv_span = 2000) job = submitGreatJob(bed, rule = "twoClosest", adv_twoDistance = 2000) job = submitGreatJob(bed, rule = "oneClosest", adv_oneDistance = 2000)
Also you can choose different versions of GREAT for the analysis.
job = submitGreatJob(bed, version = "3.0") job = submitGreatJob(bed, version = "2.0")
Available parameters are (following content is copied from GREAT website):
species
: “hg38”, “hg19”, “mm10”, “mm9” are supported in GREAT version 4.x.x, “hg19”, “mm10”, “mm9”, “danRer7” are supported in GREAT version 3.x.x and “hg19”, “hg18”, “mm9”, “danRer7” are supported in GREAT version 2.x.x.bgChoise
: Background regions. wholeGenome
and data
. If this value is set to data
, bg
argument should be specifiedincludeCuratedRegDoms
: Whether to include curated regulatory domains.rule
: How to associate genomic regions to genes.
basalPlusExt
: mode ‘Basal plus extension’. Gene regulatory domain definition: Each gene is assigned a basal regulatory domain of a minimum distance upstream and downstream of the TSS (regardless of other nearby genes). The gene regulatory domain is extended in both directions to the nearest gene’s basal domain but no more than the maximum extension in one direction.
adv_upstream
: proximal extension to upstream (unit: kb)adv_downstream
: proximal extension to downstream (unit: kb)adv_span
: maximum extension (unit: kb)twoClosest
: mode ‘Two nearest genes’. Gene regulatory domain definition: Each gene is assigned a regulatory domain that extends in both directions to the nearest gene’s TSS but no more than the maximum extension in one direction.
adv_twoDistance
: maximum extension (unit: kb)oneClosest
: mode ‘Single nearest gene’. Gene regulatory domain definition: Each gene is assigned a regulatory domain that extends in both directions to the midpoint between the gene’s TSS and the nearest gene’s TSS but no more than the maximum extension in one direction.
adv_oneDistance
: maximum extension (unit: kb)With job
, we can now retrieve results from GREAT. The first and the primary results are the tables which contain enrichment statistics for the analysis. By default it will retrieve results from three GO Ontologies and all pathway ontologies. All tables contains statistics for all terms no matter they are significant or not. Users can then make filtering yb self-defined cutoff.
There is a column for adjusted p-values by “BH” method. Other p-value adjustment methods can be applied by p.adjust()
.
The returned value of getEnrichmentTables()
is a list of data frames in which each one corresponds to tables for single ontology. The structure of data frames are same as the tables on GREAT website.
tb = getEnrichmentTables(job)
## The default enrichment tables contain no associated genes for the input regions. You can
## set `download_by = 'tsv'` to download the complete table, but note only the top 500
## regions can be retreived. See the following link:
##
## https://great-help.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/GREAT/pages/655401/Export#Export-GlobalExport
names(tb)
## [1] "GO Molecular Function" "GO Biological Process" "GO Cellular Component"
tb[[1]][1:2, ]
## ID name Binom_Genome_Fraction Binom_Expected
## 1 GO:0016798 hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds 0.0100418100 10.0920200
## 2 GO:0051787 misfolded protein binding 0.0007646973 0.7685208
## Binom_Observed_Region_Hits Binom_Fold_Enrichment Binom_Region_Set_Coverage Binom_Raw_PValue
## 1 20 1.981763 0.0199005 0.003633144
## 2 4 5.204804 0.0039801 0.007894598
## Binom_Adjp_BH Hyper_Total_Genes Hyper_Expected Hyper_Observed_Gene_Hits Hyper_Fold_Enrichment
## 1 1 127 10.756210 17 1.580482
## 2 1 12 1.016335 4 3.935710
## Hyper_Gene_Set_Coverage Hyper_Term_Gene_Coverage Hyper_Raw_PValue Hyper_Adjp_BH
## 1 0.010821130 0.1338583 0.03955741 1.0000000
## 2 0.002546149 0.3333333 0.01458949 0.6280924
Information stored in job
will be updated after retrieving enrichment tables.
job
## Submit time: 2020-04-20 13:57:30
## Version: 4.0.4
## Species: hg19
## Inputs: 1005 regions
## Background: wholeGenome
## Model: Basal plus extension
## Proximal: 5 kb upstream, 1 kb downstream,
## plus Distal: up to 1000 kb
## Include curated regulatory domains
##
## Enrichment tables for following ontologies have been downloaded:
## GO Biological Process
## GO Cellular Component
## GO Molecular Function
You can get results by either specifying the ontologies or by the pre-defined categories (categories already contains pre-defined sets of ontologies):
tb = getEnrichmentTables(job, ontology = c("GO Molecular Function", "BioCyc Pathway")) tb = getEnrichmentTables(job, category = c("GO"))
As you have seen in the previous messages and results, The enrichment tables contain no associated genes. However, you can set download_by = 'tsv'
in getEnrichmentTables()
to download the complete tables, but due to the restriction from GREAT web server, only the top 500 regions can be retreived.
tb2 = getEnrichmentTables(job, download_by = "tsv") nrow(tb2[["GO Molecular Function"]])
## [1] 500
head(tb2[["GO Molecular Function"]])
## Ontology ID Desc BinomRank
## 1 GO Molecular Function GO:0016798 hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds 1
## 2 GO Molecular Function GO:0051787 misfolded protein binding 2
## 3 GO Molecular Function GO:0016799 hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing N-glycosyl compounds 3
## 4 GO Molecular Function GO:0000900 translation repressor activity, nucleic acid binding 4
## 5 GO Molecular Function GO:0004844 uracil DNA N-glycosylase activity 5
## 6 GO Molecular Function GO:0004553 hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds 6
## BinomP BinomBonfP BinomFdrQ RegionFoldEnrich ExpRegions ObsRegions GenomeFrac SetCov
## 1 0.003633144 1 1 1.981763 10.0920200 20 0.0100418100 0.019900500
## 2 0.007894598 1 1 5.204804 0.7685208 4 0.0007646973 0.003980100
## 3 0.008692832 1 1 4.043178 1.2366510 5 0.0012304990 0.004975124
## 4 0.008774120 1 1 3.453267 1.7374850 6 0.0017288410 0.005970149
## 5 0.009371463 1 1 13.924090 0.1436360 2 0.0001429214 0.001990050
## 6 0.012096630 1 1 1.864224 9.1190760 17 0.0090737070 0.016915420
## HyperRank HyperP HyperBonfP HyperFdrQ GeneFoldEnrich ExpGenes ObsGenes TotalGenes
## 1 161 0.0395574100 1 1.00000000 1.580482 10.756210 17 127
## 2 98 0.0145894900 1 0.62809240 3.935710 1.016335 4 12
## 3 344 0.1102850000 1 1.00000000 2.146751 1.863281 4 22
## 4 26 0.0003721502 1 0.06038853 5.449444 1.101030 6 13
## 5 198 0.0603123900 1 1.00000000 4.722852 0.423473 2 5
## 6 180 0.0485899900 1 1.00000000 1.620586 8.638848 14 102
## GeneSetCov TermCov
## 1 0.010821130 0.1338583
## 2 0.002546149 0.3333333
## 3 0.002546149 0.1818182
## 4 0.003819223 0.4615385
## 5 0.001273074 0.4000000
## 6 0.008911521 0.1372549
## Regions
## 1 chr10:28982747-29009664,chr10:73401324-73765625,chr11:76186434-77258959,chr12:53623282-55658052,chr12:78776693-82267513,chr13:31546338-35719523,chr14:88100082-88802558,chr15:66717196-67068786,chr1:103764557-105740881,chr3:5263280-5764512,chr3:80776737-81360027,chr3:81815619-81922882,chr4:177298284-178454455,chr5:108206447-109354245,chr5:109583981-109647304,chr5:54399178-54715484,chr6:119435242-119806141,chr6:95026573-95490377,chr6:96124590-96566913,chr7:141672214-142165254
## 2 chr22:21607529-22377646,chr2:182956275-184302935,chr3:5263280-5764512,chr5:174911166-178784645
## 3 chr12:53623282-55658052,chr4:177298284-178454455,chr5:108206447-109354245,chr5:109583981-109647304,chr5:54399178-54715484
## 4 chr10:93760800-93794630,chr17:38360990-38658964,chr18:34406674-37112725,chr4:14211768-14961015,chr5:172455557-174030576,chr5:79990154-80307883
## 5 chr12:53623282-55658052,chr5:54399178-54715484
## 6 chr10:28982747-29009664,chr10:73401324-73765625,chr11:76186434-77258959,chr12:78776693-82267513,chr13:31546338-35719523,chr14:88100082-88802558,chr15:66717196-67068786,chr1:103764557-105740881,chr3:5263280-5764512,chr3:80776737-81360027,chr3:81815619-81922882,chr5:108206447-109354245,chr5:109583981-109647304,chr6:119435242-119806141,chr6:95026573-95490377,chr6:96124590-96566913,chr7:141672214-142165254
## Genes
## 1 ACER3,AMY1C,CCNO,EDEM1,ENSG00000257743,GALC,GBE1,KL,LCTL,LYZL1,MAN1A1,MAN2A1,MANEA,NEIL3,OTOGL,PSAP,SMUG1
## 2 DNAJC10,EDEM1,F12,SDF2L1
## 3 CCNO,MAN2A1,NEIL3,SMUG1
## 4 CELF4,CPEB2,CPEB3,CPEB4,DHFR,RARA
## 5 CCNO,SMUG1
## 6 ACER3,AMY1C,EDEM1,ENSG00000257743,GALC,GBE1,KL,LCTL,LYZL1,MAN1A1,MAN2A1,MANEA,OTOGL,PSAP
All available ontology names for given species can be get by availableOntologies()
and all available ontology categories can be get by availableCategories()
. Here you do not need to provide species information because job
already contains it.
availableOntologies(job)
## [1] "GO Molecular Function" "GO Biological Process" "GO Cellular Component"
## [4] "Mouse Phenotype" "Mouse Phenotype Single KO" "Human Phenotype"
## [7] "Ensembl Genes"
availableCategories(job)
## [1] "GO" "Phenotype" "Genes"
availableOntologies(job, category = "GO")
## [1] "GO Molecular Function" "GO Biological Process" "GO Cellular Component"
Association between genomic regions and genes can be get by plotRegionGeneAssociationGraphs()
. The function will make the three plots which are same as on GREAT website and returns a GRanges
object which contains the gene-region associations.
res = plotRegionGeneAssociationGraphs(job)
res[1:2, ]
## GRanges object with 2 ranges and 2 metadata columns:
## seqnames ranges strand | gene distTSS
## <Rle> <IRanges> <Rle> | <character> <numeric>
## [1] chr1 7634457-9204434 * | SLC45A1 41560
## [2] chr1 7634457-9204434 * | RERE 458078
## -------
## seqinfo: 24 sequences from an unspecified genome; no seqlengths
For those regions that are not associated with any genes under current settings, the corresponding gene
and distTSS
columns will be NA
.
You can also choose only plotting one of the three figures.
plotRegionGeneAssociationGraphs(job, type = 1)
By specifying ontology and term ID, you can get the association in a certain term. Here the term ID is from the first column of the data frame which is returned by getEnrichmentTables()
.
res = plotRegionGeneAssociationGraphs(job, ontology = "GO Molecular Function", termID = "GO:0004984")
## The webpage for 'GOMolecularFunction:GO:0004984' is available at:
## http://great.stanford.edu/public-4.0.4/cgi-bin/showTermDetails.php?termId=GO:0004984&ontoName=GOMolecularFunction&ontoUiName=GO Molecular Function&sessionName=20200420-public-4.0.4-yTdQwC&species=hg19&foreName=file45c31348ef92.gz&backName=&table=region
res[1:2, ]
## GRanges object with 2 ranges and 2 metadata columns:
## seqnames ranges strand | gene distTSS
## <Rle> <IRanges> <Rle> | <character> <numeric>
## [1] chr1 247871555-248931674 * | OR2M4 -616
## [2] chr3 96368632-99050767 * | OR5AC2 -96317
## -------
## seqinfo: 7 sequences from an unspecified genome; no seqlengths
## R version 3.6.2 (2019-12-12)
## Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin15.6.0 (64-bit)
## Running under: macOS Mojave 10.14.2
##
## Matrix products: default
## BLAS: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.6/Resources/lib/libRblas.0.dylib
## LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.6/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib
##
## locale:
## [1] en_GB.UTF-8/en_GB.UTF-8/en_GB.UTF-8/C/en_GB.UTF-8/en_GB.UTF-8
##
## attached base packages:
## [1] parallel stats4 stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
##
## other attached packages:
## [1] rGREAT_1.19.2 GenomicRanges_1.36.1 GenomeInfoDb_1.20.0 IRanges_2.18.3
## [5] S4Vectors_0.22.1 BiocGenerics_0.30.0 knitr_1.28
##
## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
## [1] Rcpp_<IP_ADDRESS> compiler_3.6.2 XVector_0.24.0 bitops_1.0-6
## [5] tools_3.6.2 zlibbioc_1.30.0 digest_0.6.25 evaluate_0.14
## [9] memoise_1.1.0 rlang_0.4.5 yaml_2.2.1 pkgdown_1.5.1
## [13] xfun_0.13 GenomeInfoDbData_1.2.1 stringr_1.4.0 desc_1.2.0
## [17] fs_1.4.1 GlobalOptions_0.1.2 rprojroot_1.3-2 grid_3.6.2
## [21] R6_2.4.1 GetoptLong_0.1.8 rmarkdown_2.1 magrittr_1.5
## [25] backports_1.1.6 htmltools_0.4.0 MASS_7.3-51.5 assertthat_0.2.1
## [29] shape_1.4.4 circlize_0.4.9 colorspace_1.4-1 stringi_1.4.6
## [33] RCurl_1.98-1.1 crayon_1.3.4 rjson_0.2.20


2020 Audi S6 TDI Visits ABT And Leaves With More Power
Just because it's a diesel, it doesn't mean tuners are ignoring the European S6.
by Adrian PadeanuAudi took just about everyone by surprise with the unveiling of the S6 earlier this year. Not just because we weren’t expecting to see it, but because of what the Four Rings decided to install underneath the hood of the European cars. Rather than using a twin-turbo V8 4.0-liter gasoline engine like its predecessor, the S6 for the Old Continent has downsized to a 3.0-liter V6 that uses a different type of fuel – diesel.
It’s not just any diesel, though. It comes with an electric-powered compressor and a 48-volt mild hybrid system, which help the TDI develop 345 horsepower and a massive 516 pound-feet (700 Newton-meters) of torque. The tuners at ABT wanted to see whether they would be able to extract more diesel power from the engine, and ended up with 378 hp and 561 lb-ft (760 Nm) for this sinister-looking wagon.
Gallery: 2020 Audi S6 Avant TDI by ABT
The added punch has shaved off two tenths of a second from the Avant’s sprint to 62 mph (100 km/h), which now takes just 4.9 seconds. Go for the slightly lighter sedan and the time drops furthermore. No word about the top speed, but it likely remains electronically capped at 155 mph (250 km/h). It goes without saying ABT is offering an identical power package for the Euro-spec S7 Sportback since it features the very same engine.
Aside from massaging the engine to squeeze out an extra 33 hp and 45 lb-ft (60 Nm), the aftermarket specialists based in Kempten also changed the S6 Avant TDI’s stock wheels by replacing them with a newly designed set of 21-inch alloys finished in black. Audi sells the car as standard with a 20-inch set, but those willing to pay more can upgrade to get wheels as large as the ones offered by the tuner.
Avants Come In Two Sizes:
It’s probably only a matter of time before ABT will get its hands on the new RS6 Avant and consequently on the sleeker RS7. The dynamic duo already packs a mighty 591 hp and 590 lb-ft (800 Nm) from a twin-turbo 4.0-liter V8, but even more power could be on the way courtesy of an electrified powertrain.


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Here are my answers for the Recursion chapter of the Haskell Wikibook:
- Type the factorial function into a Haskell source file and load it into GHCi.
- Try examples like
factorial 5
andfactorial 1000
.^[3]^
- What about
factorial (-1)
? Why does this happen?
Calling factorial (-1) will never stop because the argument to the factorial function always decreases which means it never gets to zero, the stopping condition.
- The double factorial of a number n is the product of every other number from 1 (or 2) up to n. For example, the double factorial of 8 is 8 × 6 × 4 × 2 = 384, and the double factorial of 7 is 7 × 5 × 3 × 1 = 105. Define a
doublefactorial
function in Haskell.
doubleFactorial 0 = 1
doubleFactorial 1 = 1
doubleFactorial n = n * doubleFactorial (n - 2)
Expand out the multiplication 5 × 4 similarly to the expansion we used above for
factorial 3
.
4 isn't 0 or 1 so calculate (mult 5 3) + 5
3 isn't 0 or 1 so calculate (mult 5 2) + 5
2 isn't 0 or 1 so calculate (mult 5 1) + 5
- For 1, return 5
Continue the calculation for 2, which gives 10.
Continue the calculation for 3 which gives 15.
Continue the calculation for 4 which gives 20.
Define a recursive function
power
such thatpower x y
raisesx
to they
power.power _ 0 = 1 power x 1 = x power x y = power x (y - 1) * xYou are given a function
plusOne x = x + 1
. Without using any other(+)
s, define a recursive functionaddition
such thataddition x y
addsx
andy
together.
addition x 0 = x
addition x y = addition (plusOne x) (y - 1)
- (Harder) Implement the function
log2
, which computes the integer log (base 2) of its argument. That is,log2
computes the exponent of the largest power of 2 which is less than or equal to its argument. For example,log2 16 = 4
,log2 11 = 3
, andlog2 1 = 0
. (Small hint: read the last phrase of the paragraph immediately preceding these exercises.)log2 x = higher x 0 where higher x n | power 2 n > x = n - 1 | otherwise = higher x (n + 1)
Give recursive definitions for the following list-based functions. In each case, think what the base case would be, then think what the general case would look like, in terms of everything smaller than it. (Note that all of these functions are available in Prelude, so you will want to give them different names when testing your definitions in GHCi.)
-
replicate :: Int -> a -> [a]
, which takes a count and an element and returns the list which is that element repeated that many times. E.g.replicate 3 'a' = "aaa"
. (Hint: think about what replicate of anything with a count of 0 should be; a count of 0 is your 'base case'.)myReplicate 0 _ = [] myReplicate n a = a : myReplicate (n - 1) a
-
(!!) :: [a] -> Int -> a
, which returns the element at the given 'index'. The first element is at index 0, the second at index 1, and so on. Note that with this function, you're recursing both numerically and down a list^[5]^.myIndex l 0 = head l myIndex l i = myIndex (tail l) (i - 1)
-
(A bit harder.)
zip :: [a] -> [b] -> [(a, b)]
, which takes two lists and 'zips' them together, so that the first pair in the resulting list is the first two elements of the two lists, and so on. E.g.zip [1,2,3] "abc" = [(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]
. If either of the lists is shorter than the other, you can stop once either list runs out. E.g.zip [1,2] "abc" = [(1, 'a'), (2, 'b')]
. -
Define
length
using an auxiliary function and an accumulating parameter, as in the loop-like alternate version offactorial
.myLength l = len l 0 where len [] n = n len l n = len (tail l) (n + 1)


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{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block title %}
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{% extends "organizing_hub_layout.html" %} {% load bootstrap3 django_bootstrap_breadcrumbs organizing_hub_tags %} {% block page_title %}Our Revolution - Organizing Hub Login{% endblock %} {% block breadcrumbs %} {{ block.super }} {% breadcrumb "Organizing Hub Login" "organizing-hub-login" %} {% endblock %} {% block content_heading %}Organizing Hub Login{% endblock %} {% block content %} {% with center_header=True %} {{ block.super }} {% endwith%}
Log in with your Our Revolution account to manage your local group, fill out the candidate questionnaire, or use other Organizing Hub tools.


The CSS Box Model is a a series of wrappers around every HTML element
No… but I'd like to be asked! Marry me.  However, I am going to oblige and answer the nice officer's questions because I am an honest man with no secrets to hide. Whoa, this guy's straight? That's why you always leave a note! Well, what do you expect, mother? Get me a vodka rocks. And a piece of toast. I've opened a door here that I regret. As you may or may not know, Lindsay and I have hit a bit of a rough patch. What's Spanish for "I know you speak English?" Michael! There's only one man I've ever called a coward, and that's Brian Doyle Murray. No, what I'm calling you is a television actor. Across from where?


7N/8D
Arrival at Cochin and transfer to Munnar . Munnar is 1800 mts above sea level and also the place of South
India's highest peak (Anamudi-2695 mts). On the way visit Valara, Cheeyappara waterfalls & Tea
Plantations. On arrival at Munnar transfer to Hotel. Check in at Hotel. Afternoon visit Rajamala (Eravikulam
National Park - open as per the directions by the forest authorities ), the best place to see Nilgiri Tahr
(Hermitragus Hilarious)- the mountain goat of South India & Tea Musium. Evening have a short visit at
Munnar town. You can see the beautiful tea estates like a green paradise. Overnight stay at Munnar
After breakfast proceed for sightseeing. Maduppatty dam ,Echo Point, Kundalay Dam,Pothenmedu View
Point, Blossom Park etc are some of the highlights of the sightseeing. Shopping & overnight stay at Munnar
Morning have breakfast at resort later check out resort and drive to Thekkady. Thekkady is a world famous
wildlife sanctuary and it is also called as Periyar. On arrival check in Hotel Afternoon proceed for a game
viewing cruise on the Periyar Lake. Here you will be able to see a large variety of wildlife, which include
elephants, monkeys, deer, wild boar etc evening you can take a Elephant ride at Periyar wild life and rest of
the day is at leisure.
After breakfast check out from the hotel and transfer to houseboat . Around 1200 hrs check in at the
Houseboat and start your cruise through the rich and splendid backwater. Just relax at the houseboat. It
will be a unique and exclusive experience in your lifetime. You will be cruising along the village sides and
paddy fields witnessing the core life of the Kerala villages for the whole day. The house boat is fully
furnished with bedrooms and a kitchen. Dinner and overnight at the houseboat.
Morning have breakfast at resort later check out resort and drive to Kumarakom. Check in at resort. Relax
at the resort. Enjoy the resort facilities and overnight stay. In Kumarakom visit the famous bird sanctuary
and drift wood museum.
Relax at the resort/enjoy the resort facilities. Overnight stay at Kumarakom.
After breakfast check out from the hotel and transfer to Cochin. Check in at Hotel . In Cochin Visit the
Dutch Palace-built by the Portuguese in 1557 and subsequently renovated by the Dutch after 1663. The
murals are perhaps the best in India. Jewish Synagogue - built in 1568 and the oldest Synagogue in the
Commonwealth are at Mattancherry. St. Francis Church - built in 1510 and the oldest European church in India, Chinese Fishing Nets- introduced by the court of Kublai Khan can be seen in Fort Cochin. Fort Cochin
Beach etc. Overnight stay at Cochin
After breakfast check out and drop at Cochin Airport for departure.


Up-to-date data on support for type and typographic features on the web.
Search or choose from the features below to get started.
The State of Web Type is a project by Bram Stein to collate and display up-to-date browser support data for web fonts & typographic features on the web. This is an open source project and the data is all available on GitHub under the BSD license. Contributions and feature requests can be made there.
This information was originally discussed in Bram’s talks at CSS Conf EU (Sept 12 2014), Adobe Max (Oct 6 2014) and Web Font Day (Nov 8 2014). You can see slides from this talk on Speaker Deck.
Browsers sometimes do some strange things with web fonts. A collection of web font / typography browser bugs can be found here.


|
Bug-reproducer Assistant Python kernel
1.0
Código Python de kernel del Bug-reproducer Assistant
|
Public Member Functions | |
| def | __init__ |
| def | exitBugReproducerAssistant_ |
| def | exitAnnotations_ |
| def | endProcessLine_ |
Public Attributes | |
| doAdd_ | |
| pythonObjectName_ | |
| headerToInclude_ | |
| pythonImportLine_ | |
| pythonImportLineFound_ | |
| pythonFunctionName_ | |
| aboutToExitAnnotations_ | |
| alreadyErasedAnnotation_ | |
| alreadyProcessedIncludes_ | |
| aboutToExitIncludes_ | |
| pythonObjAnnotation_ | |
| line_ |
"Line Processor" to annotate Python Objects in a Python source file.
| def bug_reproducer_assistant::source_code_parser::AnnotatePythonObjectLineProcessor::__init__ | ( | self, | |
| doAdd, | |||
| language, | |||
| resultFile, | |||
| pythonObjectName, | |||
| itsAModule, | |||
pythonFunctionName = None |
|||
| ) |
| self | The AnnotatePythonObjectLineProcessor instance to construct. |
| doAdd | If True, we're adding annotations, else we're removing them. |
| language | The program's programming language. |
| resultFile | Result file to add the modified lines. |
| pythonObjectName | Python object to annotate. |
| itsAModule | If true, pythonObjectName is a Python module. |
| pythonFunctionName | Optional child function to annotate (if empty, all pythonObjectName's children function are annotated). Constructor. |
| def bug_reproducer_assistant::source_code_parser::AnnotatePythonObjectLineProcessor::endProcessLine_ | ( | self | ) |
| self | The AnnotatePythonObjectLineProcessor instance. Method to be called right after processing a line. It actually performs the annotations (if any) in the result file. |
Reimplemented from bug_reproducer_assistant::source_code_parser::LineProcessor.
| def bug_reproducer_assistant::source_code_parser::AnnotatePythonObjectLineProcessor::exitAnnotations_ | ( | self | ) |
| self | The AnnotatePythonObjectLineProcessor instance. About to Exit annotations. Flag this state for later use. |
Reimplemented from bug_reproducer_assistant::source_code_parser::LineProcessor.
| def bug_reproducer_assistant::source_code_parser::AnnotatePythonObjectLineProcessor::exitBugReproducerAssistant_ | ( | self | ) |
| self | The AnnotatePythonObjectLineProcessor instance. Exit a Bug-reproducer Assistant region. It's important for later adding the Python import. |
Reimplemented from bug_reproducer_assistant::source_code_parser::LineProcessor.


| Home | Libraries | People | FAQ | More |
boost::atomic_thread_fence — Insert explicit fence.
// In header: <boost/libs/atomic/doc/atomic.hpp> void atomic_thread_fence(memory_order order);
Inserts an explicit fence. The exact semantic depends on the type of fence inserted:
memory_order_relaxed:
No operation
memory_order_release:
Performs a "release" operation
memory_order_acquire
or memory_order_consume:
Performs an "acquire" operation
memory_order_acq_rel:
Performs both an "acquire" and a "release" operation
memory_order_seq_cst:
Performs both an "acquire" and a "release" operation and in addition there exists a global total order of all memory_order_seq_cst
operations
Parameters: |
|


How to get up and running with a new Raspberry Pi for IoT applications.
Connecting a Raspberry Pi to a Microsoft Azure SQL database with Python3.


| Epithelial barrier-lectin secretion |
| CLEC9A |
101119033 |
C-type lectin domain containing 9A |
11.73 |
| CLEC10A |
101117600 |
C-type lectin domain containing 10A |
3.1 |
| CLEC4G |
101123627 |
C-type lectin domain containing 4G |
8.13 |
| NK cell activation |
| IRAK1 |
101121405 |
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 |
3.24 |
| NKG7 |
101115817 |
Natural killer cell granule protein 7 |
7.65 |
| Mast cell activation and immune killing |
| MCP1 |
443546 |
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 |
4.59 |
| IRAK1 |
101121405 |
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 |
3.24 |
| T lymphocyte activation |
| NFATC2 |
101119239 |
Recombinant nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 2 |
5.38 |
| NFAT5 |
101113952 |
Nuclear factor 5 of activated T cells |
2.93 |
| Chemokine expression |
| CXCL12 |
101121145 |
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 |
3.42 |
| CXCL14 |
101105243 |
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 |
4.61 |
| CCL4 |
101114285 |
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 |
2.88 |
| CCL5 |
101115553 |
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 |
10.24 |
| CCL11 |
101119832 |
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 |
5.41 |
| CCL25 |
678679 |
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25 |
4.2 |
| CCL28 |
780500 |
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 |
4.48 |
| Promote white blood cell migration |
| TICAM1 |
101111016 |
Toll like receptor adaptor molecule 1 |
3.82 |
| Compensatory inflammation repair mechanism |
| CYP17A1 |
493968 |
Cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 |
15 |
| CYP1A1 |
100170113 |
Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 |
5.9 |
| CYP2C19 |
100534653 |
Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19 |
11 |
| CYP3A24 |
100170111 |
Cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 24 |
7.91 |
| TNF expression related |
| TNFRSF13B |
101122200 |
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B |
4.18 |
| TNFRSF17 |
101111149 |
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 17 |
14.75 |
| TNFRSF1A |
100135698 |
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A |
3.03 |
| TNFRSF4 |
101108407 |
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 |
2.88 |
| TNFSF10 |
101114153 |
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10 |
3.36 |
| TNFSF13 |
101123054 |
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13 |
3.13 |
| TNFSF15 |
101102957 |
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 15 |
2.97 |
| TNFSF18 |
101108765 |
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18 |
5.15 |
| MHC related |
| LOC101103957 |
101103957 |
/ |
6.11 |
| LOC101108696 |
101108696 |
/ |
4.45 |
| LOC101109747 |
101109747 |
/ |
3.38 |
| LOC101120148 |
101120148 |
/ |
3 |
| LOC101109080 |
101109080 |
/ |
12.71 |
| LOC101105609 |
101105609 |
/ |
6.35 |
| LOC101107908 |
101107908 |
/ |
4.92 |


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
Welcome to 2023 General Election
Polling Unit Not Found.


With cortex, you could write web modules exactly the way you do with node.js. You could get browser versions of the node core libraries events, stream, path, url, assert, buffer, util, querystring, http, etc when you require() them.
You never fight alone ! You could collaborate and share with your teammates and even talented people all over the world.
You could start the local debugging server with ONE single command. Say goodbye to Fiddler and Charles.
Cortex provides a way to make front-end packages work much better with server-side modules by decoupling each other.


Month -1: Online Learning and Bootcamp During the application process, we ask prospective recruits to learn basic HTML and CSS skills through free online platforms (currently FreeCodeCamp and Khan Academy). In the screening process, they also complete aptitude (literacy, numeracy, logical thinking, problem solving, statistical understanding, and sequencing) and personality tests (grit, resilience, empathising and systemising, agreeableness, openness to new experience, emotional stability, conscientiousness and intellect/imagination). Those who perform well on the aptitude tests, are a good personality fit for work professionalism, and are able to learn new skills on their own, are invited for an interview, and a selection of interviewees are invited bootcamp.
During a two-week bootcamp, the final stage of of Umuzi’s selection process, the applicants continue with online learning through FreeCodeCamp and are given a series of challenges. There are two short web development challenges they complete in their first week. In the second week, they start learning JavaScript and are given 5 simple challenges, as well as a more difficult problem (we don’t expect them to solve the difficult problem, we only ask them to walk us through their approach for trying to solve it). In addition to these technical challenges, we also have a series of group games and challenges to learn how they work with a team and under pressure. If the applicant performs well during bootcamp, they are invited to join Umuzi as a recruit.
A recruit’s journey starts with a three-week programme called Make Umuzi Better. Recruits from all departments form small cross-functional teams to tackle issues at Umuzi–anything from mental health to kitchen norms to the physical layout of our space. To accomplish this, they learn about and execute Human-Centered Design, a technique used throughout their time at Umuzi. Each team maps out user journeys, conducts interviews and surveys, designs a prototype of their solution, and presents it to the staff and external guests. Months 1-4: Game Development Curriculum The first few months for a Umuzi Web Dev recruit are dedicated to obtaining a National Certificate of Information Technology: Systems Development (Level 5).
During this time they are spending the first hour of each day going through lessons of FreeCodeCamp (primarily increasing their JavaScript knowledge).
A note on Umuzi’s formal qualification and accreditation: Umuzi is a registered training provider with MICT SETA. Our National Certificate IT (Systems Development) (NCIT) qualification is a learnership requirement (i.e. Umuzi’s employer partners can therefore recognise their training and stipend spend as part of their skills development budgets). We work hard to both meet the National Certificate requirements and deliver a practical and relevant learning experience (which are not always well aligned) however, we firmly believe the most important part is the practical application of learning rather than merely meeting the unit standard requirements. Below we refer to the formal NCIT requirements e.g. 01: Business and technology.
Command line bootcamp Introduction to game development (NCIT curriculum) 01: Business and technology 02: Ethics and Professionalism in IT
Git 101 workshop Project management with Trello (first intro to Agile and Scrum methodologies) Development of a personal website to showcase a portfolio of their work
Continue to work on portfolio website Game development curriculum 03: Conducting research and user interviews Workshop: Survey design and analysis in Google Forms Assignment: Research notes
Game development curriculum 04: Writing a report on game research Assignment: technical report Portfolio websites due
Game development curriculum 05: Presentations on game research Assignment: 10-min presentation with slides 06: Giving and receiving constructive feedback
Game development curriculum 07: History of the Internet and online gaming 08: Web design for business 09: Building an online business
Game development curriculum 10: Agile project management 11: Agile meetings 12: Thinking like a machine (boolean algebra, logic) Workshop: Problem solving techniques
Game development curriculum 13: Version control (GIT) 14: Pseudocode and documentation Workshop: Project organization and naming conventions
Game development curriculum 15: Object-oriented programming Assignment: OOP person class Discuss game idea
Workshop on game development in HTML5 Build Breakout game through live demos Game development curriculum Assignment: OOP due Watch game dev tutorials Finalize game idea
Game development curriculum 16: Test-driven development Assignment: TDD assignment with Mocha.js Watch game dev tutorials Catch up on assignments, readings, assessments for the curriculum
Game development curriculum Build game
Game development curriculum Build game Assignment: MVP of game due
Workshop: Asynchronous vs synchronous code Workshop: Introduction to Node.js
Game development curriculum Assignment: Add login functionality to game using Node 17: Database development
Workshop: Using mongoDB to store user information Game development curriculum Assignment: Add database to game to store user data
Workshop: Intro to mySQL and relational databases Game development curriculum Continue development of version 2
Game development curriculum 18: Analytics Assignment: add Google Analytics to game website Assignment: create user survey to collect feedback
Game development curriculum 19: Search and sort Assignment: search and sort algorithms Continue game development based on feedback
Game development curriculum Final version of game due 20: Software development process review
Months 5-9: Product Teams After recruits have finished with the formal qualification and their HTML5 game, they move on to working on our product teams.
Product teams are teams of no more than 6 recruits guided by a product owner (Umuzi staff). The teams use the Scrum methodology to build real-world, web-based products.They conduct research on new libraries and frameworks as needed for the products.
They also receive additional training on the MERN stack with stand-alone projects.
Working with product owners and older recruits to understand the current state of whatever product team they join Participate in stand-ups and start owning tickets Update portfolio to make sure all projects completed during first 20 weeks are listed
Introduction to React Video tutorial lessons Assignment: React app Continue with product team work
Refresher on Node and Express and Socket.io Assignment: Node, Express, Socket app Continue with product team work
Work on product teams Workshop reviewing OOP topics Catch up on stand-alone projects
Refresher on mongoDB and mongoose Assignment: Integrating database into application Continue on product team work
Work on product teams Catch up on stand-alone projects
Work on product teams Check in with managers to make sure all finished products are in portfolio
Work on product teams Learn new frameworks as needed Maintain personal portfolio
Additional learning In addition to the curriculum listed above, the recruits participate in workshops given by industry professionals and Umuzi staff. Generally there are 2-3 workshops each month. Topics include time management, public speaking, networking, preparing for technical interviews, introduction to new frameworks, tech trends, etc.
Recruits are also encouraged to attend industry meetups, conferences, and hackathons. On average, recruits attend 1 meetup/conference per month and 1-2 hackathons during their time at Umuzi.


Hello! I am a first-year PhD student in the ECE department at UT Austin, and I am advised by Prof. Hyeji Kim. During my years as an undergraduate and master's student in the ECE department at UW-Madison, I was advised by Prof. Dimitris Papailiopoulos.
Currently, my research interests lie within A.I. foundation models and their domain-specific applications, and methods for efficient training and inference.
I have many interests and I hold an appreciation for culture-rich music. My interests and hobbies include weight training, nutrition, reading, running, biking, and playing drum set. I enjoy listening to and learning about music of the African diaspora, namely the music of Cuba and Brazil.


--- title: My favorite R tools author: Florian Handke date: '2020-10-23' slug: [] categories: - R tags: - '2020' - Packages subtitle: '' summary: '' authors: [] lastmod: '2020-10-23T15:24:26+02:00' featured: no image: caption: '' focal_point: '' preview_only: no projects: [] ---
The diversity of R inspires me again and again. There are incredibly many packages and a broad community that continues to work on making R even better and more practicable.
To keep the overview is sometimes not so easy. Which package do I need for which application or problem? In my daily work I always use the same packages. They are the basis for my code and are supplemented by other packages and functions in various places.
Therefore I have created an overview which classifies the different packages along the workflow. Important: There is not one tool that covers everything!
Get the file here
I will try to explain the list with the help of different tasks:
A colleague tried to make an analysis with Excel, failed due to the complexity and is now approaching me.
The data basis is then usually available as an xlsx file.
With the so called tidyverse you can do most of these analyses.
you import the file via the readxl
package, and you can clean, transform or extend data with dplyr
, tidyr
and co. the result is either a report, which you create via rmarkdown
or another xlsx-file, which your colleague can work with.
A head of department cyclically requires a report with which he can evaluate certain key indicators.
Again we can fall back on rmarkdoen
.
The data may be stored in a SQL database. You connect via odbc
.
With the dbplyr
package you can use the usual dplyr
-syntax which is translated into a sql query.
After you have evaluated the data, it will be displayed in a report.
Most of the time this is done with a combination of graph and table.
People want to understand the facts, fancy graphics help them, but it is essential to understand the basis of the analysis.
It may sound odd but: Only if the users of the analysis trust the result, it is used to draw conclusions and make decisions.
As a result you could e.g. create a html-report via rmarkdown
, which contains a ggplot
(png) or plotly
(SVG or WebGL) graphic.
Commercial solutions like RStudio Connect make my workflow easier. I can parameterize reports, define creation times, control accesses, notify users by mail, etc.
I do not only want to evaluate data but also have an input of new data.
Here you can use shiny webapps. With them I can build fast and easy (or with some effort more complex user interfaces) with different interactions.
shiny
offers countless possibilities. Based on that there are a lot of packages which enhance the user interface or add functionality (e.g. shinyashboard
, shinyWidgets
or shinyJS
).
Hosting your own Shiny Server is not difficult at all. You can find instructions here.
If you want to test something, you can host Apps for free at shinyapps.io
The commercial version using RStudio Connect again makes the workflow very easy. Access can be controlled via LDAP, there is load balancing that can be easily set via the UI and I can easily retrieve log messages.
R offers many different possibilities to apply Machine Learning.
With the packages of fabletools
and todymodels
I can use the tidy syntax I am used to.
For example, I can easily convert a tibble
into a tsibble
(:)), apply a model such as ARIMA
or ETS
to it and create a prediction.
Fable is based on the forecast
package, which I also like to work with.
Using the plumber
package I can configure my machine learning models as API and make them available to other systems.
R offers me as an experienced user the possibility to explore and display data in various forms and to draw conclusions from it. It also offers me many interfaces to other systems and allows domain experts to interact with processed data (e.g. via reports or web apps). These can then interpret data and draw conclusions from it.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block contentClass %}content seethrough{% endblock %} {% block content %}
We'll keep in touch!


This is a fast, unofficial interface to the San Francisco City Code released by the AM Legal
Tthis interface quickly improving and is completely free: you can copy it, improve it, and see how it works.
Want this website? Download it as a full copy
A developer? Clone on GitHub or
git clone git@github.com:sfbrigade/sf-admin-code.git


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new mapboxgl.ekmap.ThemeLayer(name, options)
| Name | Type | Description | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
name |
string |
The name of the thematic map layer. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
options |
Object |
Optional parameters.
|
Fires
Members
-
idstring
-
The thematic map layer id.
-
loadWhileAnimatingboolean
-
Whether to redraw in real time. (When drawing large data elements, there will be lag, it is recommended to set this parameter to false).
- Default Value: true
mapmapboxgl.Map
map object.
namestring
The name of the thematic map layer.
opacityfloat
Layer transparency.
- Default Value: 1
visibilityboolean
Whether the layer is visible.
- Default Value: true
Events
-
changelayer
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 192 -
Triggered after the layer properties are changed.
Properties:
Name Type Description layer
Object Layers.
property
string The attribute being changed.
-
featuresremoved
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 252 -
Triggered after the element is deleted.
Properties:
Name Type Description features
Array.<Feature> Elements that were not successfully deleted.
succeed
boolean Whether the deletion is successful or not.
Methods
-
addFeatures(features)
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 203 -
Abstract method, instantiable subclass must implement this method. Add data to the thematic map layer.
Name Type Description features
mapboxgl.ekmap.ThemeFeature | ekmap.ServerFeature | GeoJSONObject Elements to be added.
-
destroyFeatures(features)
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 139 -
Destroy an element.
Name Type Description features
ekmap.Feature.Vector Elements to be destroyed.
-
display(display)
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 170 -
Temporarily hide or show the layer. By generating real-time effects on CSS control, re-rendering becomes invalid. The setVisibility method is generally used to dynamically control the display and hide of the layer.
Name Type Description display
boolean Whether to display the layer.
-
getFeatureBy(property, value){ekmap.Feature.Vector}
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 287 -
Traverse each feature in the feature array features of the thematic map, when feature[property] === value， Return this feature (and only the first one).
Name Type Description property
string The name of an attribute of feature.
value
string The value corresponding to the property.
Returns:
Type Description ekmap.Feature.Vector The first vector feature that matches the attribute and value. -
getFeatureById(featureId){ekmap.Feature.Vector}
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 306 -
Given an id, return the corresponding vector element.
Name Type Description featureId
string The attribute id of the vector feature.
Returns:
Type Description ekmap.Feature.Vector The feature corresponding to id, or null if it does not exist. -
getFeatures(){ekmap.Feature.Vector}
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 273 -
View the valid data in the current layer.
Returns:
Type Description ekmap.Feature.Vector Valid data added to the layer by the user. -
getFeaturesByAttribute(attrName, attrValue){Array.<Feature>}
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 316 -
Given the key value and value value of an attribute, return an array of all matched features.
Name Type Description attrName
string The key of the attribute.
attrValue
string The attribute id of the vector feature.
Returns:
Type Description Array.<Feature> An array of matching features. -
getLocalXY(coordinate)
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 391 -
The geographic coordinates are converted to pixel coordinates.
Name Type Description coordinate
Object Coordinate position.
-
moveTo(layerID, before)
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 559 -
Move the layer before a certain layer.
Name Type Default Description layerID
string The ID of the layer to be inserted.
before
boolean true Whether to insert this layer before the layer whose layer id is layerID (if false, insert this layer after the layer whose layer id is layerID).
-
off(event, callback, context)
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 360 -
Remove thematic element event monitoring.
Name Type Description event
Event Listen for events.
callback
function Callback.
context
string Information.
-
on(event, callback, context)
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 344 -
Add thematic element event monitoring. Add thematic element event monitoring.
Name Type Description event
Event Listen for events.
callback
function Callback.
context
string Information.
-
onAdd()
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 79 -
Add this layer to the basemap.
-
redrawThematicFeatures(extent)
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 337 -
Abstract method, instantiable subclass must implement this method. Redraw thematic elements.
Name Type Description extent
mapboxgl.LngLatBounds The scope of redrawing.
-
removeAllFeatures()
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 261 -
Clear all the vector features of the current layer.
-
removeFeatures(features)
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 212 -
Delete feature from the thematic map. This function deletes all the vector elements passed in. Each item in the features array in the parameter must be a feature that has been added to the current layer， If you cannot determine the feature array, you can call removeAllFeatures to delete all features. If there are too many elements in the feature array to be deleted, it is recommended to use removeAllFeatures， Delete all the features and add them again. This will be more efficient.
Name Type Description features
Array.<ekmap.Feature.Vector> The array of feature to be deleted.
-
removeFromMapConverted to vector elements.()
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 550 -
Remove the layer.
-
setOpacity(opacity)
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 179 -
Set the opacity of the layer, the value is between [0-1].
Name Type Description opacity
number Opacity.
-
setVisibility(visibility)
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 157 -
Set the visibility of the layer, and set the corresponding visible mark for hiding, displaying, and redrawing the layer.
Name Type Description visibility
boolean Whether to display the layer (the resolution of the current map is between the maximum and minimum resolution).
-
toFeature(features){ekmap.Feature.Vector}
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 409 -
Converted to Ekmap elements.
Name Type Description features
mapboxgl.ekmap.ThemeFeature | GeoJSONObject Elements to be transferred.
Returns:
Type Description ekmap.Feature.Vector The converted Ekmap element. -
toFeature(features){ekmap.Feature.Vector}
overlay/theme/ThemeLayer.js, line 438 -
Converted to iClient elements, this method will be deprecated, by
mapboxgl.ekmap.ThemeLayer#toiClientFeature
instead.Name Type Description features
mapboxgl.ekmap.ThemeFeature | GeoJSONObject Elements to be transferred.
- Deprecated
- Yes
Returns:
Type Description ekmap.Feature.Vector The converted Ekmap element.


My Restaurant
A wing , 4B Cross, Bell Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka
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QA:Testcase Virtualization Manually set spice listening port with TLS port set
From FedoraProject
Contents |
Description
Setup
Make sure you have a guest, which could be started successfully
How to test
- force off the running guest
- go the guest detail pannel, remove the "Display VNC" device
- click the "Add Hardware" button at the left bottom
- Add "Graphics" -> Type "SPICE server"
- Check OFF the "Automatically allocation"
- Specify the Port to 5901 TLS port to 5902
- Click Finish , and back to guest detail overview panel, click Apply button
- modify the followings in /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf
-# spice_tls = 1 + spice_tls = 1 -# spice_tls_x509_cert_dir = "/etc/pki/libvirt-spice" + spice_tls_x509_cert_dir = "/etc/pki/libvirt-spice"
- perform the following script, to generate the cert files for ssl , and then copy *.pem file info
/etc/pkil/libvirt-spice
directory#!/bin/bash SERVER_KEY=server-key.pem # creating a key for our ca if [ ! -e ca-key.pem ]; then openssl genrsa -des3 -out ca-key.pem 1024 fi # creating a ca if [ ! -e ca-cert.pem ]; then openssl req -new -x509 -days 1095 -key ca-key.pem -out ca-cert.pem -subj "/C=IL/L=Raanana/O=Red Hat/CN=my CA" fi # create server key if [ ! -e $SERVER_KEY ]; then openssl genrsa -out $SERVER_KEY 1024 fi # create a certificate signing request (csr) if [ ! -e server-key.csr ]; then openssl req -new -key $SERVER_KEY -out server-key.csr -subj "/C=IL/L=Raanana/O=Red Hat/CN=my server" fi # signing our server certificate with this ca if [ ! -e server-cert.pem ]; then openssl x509 -req -days 1095 -in server-key.csr -CA ca-cert.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 -out server-cert.pem fi # now create a key that doesn't require a passphrase openssl rsa -in $SERVER_KEY -out $SERVER_KEY.insecure mv $SERVER_KEY $SERVER_KEY.secure mv $SERVER_KEY.insecure $SERVER_KEY # show the results (no other effect) openssl rsa -noout -text -in $SERVER_KEY openssl rsa -noout -text -in ca-key.pem openssl req -noout -text -in server-key.csr openssl x509 -noout -text -in server-cert.pem openssl x509 -noout -text -in ca-cert.pem # copy *.pem file to /etc/pki/libvirt-spice if [[ -d "/etc/pki/libvirt-spice" ]] then cp ./*.pem /etc/pki/libvirt-spice else mkdir /etc/pki/libvirt-spice cp ./*.pem /etc/pki/libvirt-spice fi # echo --host-subject echo "your --host-subject is" \" `openssl x509 -noout -text -in server-cert.pem | grep Subject: | cut -f 10- -d " "` \"
- restart libvirtd to rescan the configuration:
service libvirtd restart
- Start the guest:
virsh start <guest>
- Access the guest via following command line
spicec -h <IP_ADDRESS> -p 5901 -s 5902 --host-subject "C=IL,L=Raanana,O=Red Hat,CN=my CA"
Expected Results
- Make sure you CAN access the spice interface via private <IP_ADDRESS> with TLS port set


Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: Selected Works
by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
This anthology collects poetry and other writings of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
Source: This book was compiled by the Florida Center for Instructional Technology and includes passages from multiple sources. Please refer to the passage pages for further source information.
- An April Day
- The poet celebrates spring, as nature recovers from the harshness of winter.
- The Arrow and the Song
- A poem about the bond of friendship.
- The Arsenal at Springfield
- A poem about violence and war.
- Autumn Sonnet
- A poem centered around Autumn and nature.
- The Beleaguered City
- This poem describes a haunted scene after a battle and how the flow of life has won.
- The Belfry of Bruges, Carillon
- A poem about the ringing of the bells in a Flemish belfry
- The Belfry of Bruges
- The poem decribes the author’s dream centered around the town belfry
- The Bridge
- A poem about hope (using water as a metaphor)
- Burial of the Minnisink
- The poem describes the funeral of a Native American chief.
- Dante
- Longfellow’s poem describing someone troubled confessing to a clergyman
- The Day is Done
- A poem about escaping from the sorrows and loneliness of the night by reading great works of literature
- Endymion
- A poem about love using images of acient mythological figures
- The Evening Star
- A poem describing a star as if it were a beautiful woman
- Excelsior
- The poem describes a young man passing through a town bearing the banner “Excelsior” (translated from Latin as “ever higher”), ignoring all warnings, climbing higher until inevitably, “lifeless, but beautiful” he lies half-buried in the snow.
- Flowers
- Flowers contain all the beauty, love, hope, death, rebirth that is life, if one but looks closely.
- Footsteps of Angels
- Friendly ghosts cheer the narrator with their nocturnal visits.
- A Gleam of Sunshine
- A poem describing the beauty and the wonders of nature bathed in sunlight.
- The Goblet of Life
- The author uses the goblet as a metaphor for life itself. It’s bitter to those who “haven’t lived”.
- God's Acre
- A poem describing a burial mound as “God’s Acre” (taken from an ancient Saxon phrase)
- The Good Part That Shall Not Be Taken Away
- A poem of liberation
- Hymn to the Night
- The speaker hails and welcomes the coming of Night.
- Inscription for an Antique Pitcher
- A poem describing the story of a wine pitcher as used in ancient days
- It Is Not Always May
- This poem descibes youth and beauty using nature as a metaphor.
- L'envoi
- The poet ruminates on voices in the night.
- The Light of Stars
- The poet muses upon seeing Mars in the night sky, and contemplates how Mars’s steadfastness reminds him to endure life’s hardships.
- Maidenhood
- A poem describing the wonders of womanhood
- Mezzo Cammin
- This poem relays the feelings of what might have been and mistakes made in the past (in rhyme scheme).
- Midnight Mass for the Dying Year
- The poet ruminates on the coming of winter.
- The Norman Baron
- A poem regarding a dying French baron who, at the end of his life, frees his slaves in order to redeem his soul.
- Nuremberg
- This poem describes the artistic town of Nuremburg through the eyes of merchants and laborers
- The Occultation of Orion
- This poem describes a battle fought by the constellation Orion
- The Old Clock on the Stairs
- A poem explaining that despite death, time goes on.
- Psalm of Life
- Live fully; get out and do things. The purpose of life is to live it.
- The Quadroon Girl
- This poem describes the sale of a beautiful young concubine
- Rain in Summer
- This poem uses the rain to describe time as eternal.
- The Rainy Day
- A rainy day brings thoughts of the past and of current troubles.
- The Reaper and the Flowers
- Death comes to gather flowers for saints to wear.
- Serenade
- A man protects his lady while she sleeps.
- The Skeleton in Armor
- A Viking ghost wants his story retold.
- The Slave in the Dismal Swamp
- The author gives an account of a runaway slave who escapes his master’s beatings.
- The Slave Singing at Midnight
- The author describes coming upon a slave singing in a prison cell, when a tragedy occurred
- The Slave's Dream
- A poet describes a slave’s mental escape from reality during a fatal beating
- The Spirit of Poetry
- The natural world is the source of poetry.
- Sunrise on the Hills
- The poet ruminates upon the morning sun shining on the woods and hills. He encourages readers to spend more time in nature to soothe their souls.
- To a Child
- Longfellow talks to a child about the good and the bad of the real world.
- To an Old Danish Song-book
- The travels of a tattered and worn songbook
- To the Driving Cloud
- A poem describing the discontented feelings of the Native American population of the time, while describing the beautiful imagery of their surrounding nature.
- To the River Charles
- Longfellow uses the river as a metaphor for life and friendship.
- To William E. Channing
- The author writes to Mr. Channing that the end of the world is near, but urges him to continue writing.
- The Village Blacksmith
- This is a poem about life from the focus of a widowed father and a wage earner (smithy) who works hard and steadily, earning from his effort.
- Walter Von Der Vogelweid
- A man dies and requests that the monks feed the birds every day at noontime.
- The Warning
- The author sends the reader a warning about the abuse of power and uses religious figures as examples.
- The Witnesses
- The poet describes slave death ships.
- Woods in Winter
- The poet sees the differences in nature in winter, but still values winter.
- The Wreck of the Hesperus
- A proud seaman refuses to heed warnings of a storm. As the weather worsens, he ties his daughter to the mast for safety, but soon the father and crew are killed in the icy storm. The ship then wrecks on Norman’s Woe, killing the daughter as well.
- Autumn
- A poem admiring the beauty, differences, and changes in seasonal weather.


--- layout: default permalink: / ---
I'm a maker - a creative support pro and occasional web developer with an eye for design and a passion for solving problems. Overall, I'm an adaptable generalist and will learn and use the tools needed to solve the problem I'm working on. I'm all about about expanding skills and tackling new challenges!
I studied History in college and worked in the insurance industry for four years afterwards. Then I took a big leap and delved into web development full-time, something that had previously been a hobby for me... back to my first GeoCities site in junior high! (It was an extremely rad Harry Potter fansite.) But I missed having a direct connection with customers, so I'm now looking for a nice balance of support and tech.
In my free time, I keep making things. I love to:
🧶 knit
🕹 play video games
🎂 bake huge cakes
and 📚 read!
I live in the beautiful Pacific Northwest (WA, to be specific). 🌲


object MaxNode{
def find(tree: Tree): Int = tree match{
case Leaf(v) => v
case Node(left, right) => Math.max(find(left), find(right))
}
}
import scala.annotation.tailrec
final class Contains[A](value: A){
@tailrec def contains(rem: List[A]): Boolean = rem match{
case Nil => false
case `value` :: t => true
case _ :: t => contains(t)
}
}
final class PingPong(value: Int){
def ping(x: Int): Int = if(x < value) x else pong(x - 1)
def pong(x: Int): Int = if(x < value) x else ping(x - 1)
}
final class Foo{
def methodA(x: Int): Int = //code, depends on methodB...
def methodB(x: Int): Int = //code, depends on methodA...
//more...
}
import twotails.mutualrec
final class Foo{
@mutualrec def methodA(x: Int): Int = //code, depends on methodB...
@mutualrec def methodB(x: Int): Int = //code, depends on methodA...
//more...
}
final class Foo{
@tailrec private def mutual_fn$0(indx: Int, x: Int): Int = indx match{
case 0 => //code for methodA...
case 1 => //code for methodB...
}
def methodA(x: Int): Int = mutual_fn$0(0, x)
def methodB(x: Int): Int = mutual_fn$0(1, x)
//more...
}
def methodA[X](x: X): X = if(pred(x)) f(x) else methodB(x)
Substitutions Required
| Type Params |
|
-> |
|
| Fn Args |
|
-> |
|
| Apply |
|
-> |
|
version 0.3.1
final class BlowUpTooLarge{
@mutualrec def one(a1: Any, a2: Any, a3: Any) = (a1, a2, a3) match{
case (_, _, List(Option(1))) => //code
//lots more code
}
//lots more large but not too large methods...
}
there's a problem
[error] Could not write class example/BlowUpTooLarge because it exceeds
JVM code size limits. Method mutual_fn$0's code too large!
final class Foo{
def methodA(x: Int): Int = //code, depends on methodB...
def methodB(x: Int): Int = //code, depends on methodA...
//more...
}
import twotails.mutualrec
final class Foo{
@mutualrec def methodA(x: Int): Int = //code, depends on methodB...
@mutualrec def methodB(x: Int): Int = //code, depends on methodA...
//more...
}
final class Foo{
private def mutual_fn$0(indx: Int, x: Int): Int = //but...
def methodA(x: Int): Int = mutual_fn$0(0, x)
def methodB(x: Int): Int = mutual_fn$0(1, x)
//more...
}
private def mutual_fn$0(indx: Int, x: Int): Int = {
var indx$: Int = indx
var x$: Int = x
var cont$ = true
var result$: Int = 0
def methodA$(): Unit = //code for methodA
def methodB$(): Unit = //code for methodB
while(cont$){
indx$ match{
case 0 => methodA$()
case 1 => methodB$()
}
}
result$
}
def methodA[X](x: X): X = if(pred(x)) f(x) else methodB(x)
Substitutions Required
| Type Params |
|
-> |
|
| Fn Args |
|
-> |
|
| Apply |
|
-> |
|
| Termination |
|
-> |
|
libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
compilerPlugin("com.github.wheaties" %% "twotails" % "0.3.1" cross CrossVersion.full),
"com.github.wheaties" %% "twotails-annotations" % "0.3.1" cross CrossVersion.full
)
or
libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
compilerPlugin("com.github.wheaties" %% "twotails" % "0.4.0-SNAPSHOT" cross CrossVersion.full),
"com.github.wheaties" %% "twotails-annotations" % "0.4.0-SNAPSHOT" cross CrossVersion.full
)
scalacOptions += "-Ptwotails:size" //equivalent to no options
or
scalacOptions += "-Ptwotails:memory" //optimize for method allocations


Preview: Panthers looking to wrap up homestand with win over Ducks
by APTV: FOX Sports Florida
TIME: Pregame coverage begins at 6:30 p.m.
STREAM IT LIVE ON FOX SPORTS GO
Anaheim Ducks (10-10-2, sixth in the Pacific Division) vs. Florida Panthers (11-5-5, second in the Atlantic Division)
BOTTOM LINE
Jonathan Huberdeau leads Florida into a matchup against Anaheim. He currently ranks eighth in the league with 28 points, scoring 10 goals and recording 18 assists.
The Panthers have gone 5-2-2 in home games. Florida is third in the NHL averaging 6.3 assists per game, led by Aleksander Barkov Jr. with 1.0.
The Ducks are 4-6-0 on the road. Anaheim averages 10.9 penalty minutes per game, the fourth-most in the NHL. Nick Ritchie leads the team serving 36 total minutes.
The matchup Thursday is the first meeting this season for the two teams.
TOP PERFORMERS
Barkov leads the Panthers with 20 assists and has collected 27 points this season. Keith Yandle has collected 13 assists over the last 10 games for Florida.
Jakob Silfverberg leads the Ducks with nine goals and has recorded 17 points. Ryan Getzlaf has scored four goals over the last 10 games for Anaheim.
LAST 10 GAMES
Ducks: 3-5-2, averaging 2.9 goals, 4.6 assists, 4.6 penalties and 11.7 penalty minutes while allowing 3.6 goals per game with a .900 save percentage.
Panthers: 6-3-1, averaging 3.6 goals, six assists, 3.2 penalties and 7.8 penalty minutes while giving up 3.5 goals per game with a .893 save percentage.
Panthers Injuries: Jayce Hawryluk: out (upper body).
Ducks Injuries: None listed.


This function calculates an assortment of biological metrics based on the traits/attributes in the input file. Column headings and attribute entries need to follow the naming convention specified below. For RMN analyses, attribute assignments should match with those in the appropriate regional traits table.
Currently, the Shiny app is set up to calculate the following groups of benthic macroinvertebrate metrics:
Standard bioassessment
Major taxonomic groups
Thermal and hydrologic indicators
Functional feeding group (FFG)
Habit
Tolerance
Life cycle/voltinism
Biological Condition Gradient (BCG) attributes
Click below to see the list of available metrics.
More metrics are available in the BioMonTools R package. You can request the addition of new metrics to the R package or Shiny app by emailing Erik<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or posting your request on the BioMonTools GitHub page (https://github.com/leppott/BioMonTools/discussions).
Upload a file under “Load Data”. The status bar will tell you when the upload is complete. Then return to this screen.
Required fields: see table below
Important note: column names and entries must match the spelling and symbology exactly as shown below (some column headings have underscores).
Click the ‘Run Function’ button; a status bar will appear in the lower right corner.
After the function is done running, the ‘Download Results’ button will be active. Click this button to retrieve your results.
Save the file in the desired folder. In the output (Excel) file, metrics will be grouped into worksheets based on the categories listed above.
If taxa are missing attribute assignments, either leave the entry blank or populate with ‘NA.’
Input file checklist for the RMNs –
Remove any rows that have 0 individuals (e.g., Large/Rare taxa entries)
For each taxon, there should only be one entry per sample. For example, if entries are broken out by life stage (e.g., larvae, pupae), they should be ‘collapsed’ into one row per taxon/sample (by summing the individuals and deleting the life stage field)
Check the total number of individuals. Perform random subsampling if needed. For example, if you want to apply a 100-count kick IBI but have a 300-count sample, first reduce the total count of individuals to 100.
The R code that is used to calculate the metrics can be found here:


{% extends "layout.html" %}
{% block navigation_bar %}
{{ super() }}
Quizzes
User Page
{% endblock %}
{% block navigation_bar2 %}
{{ super() }}
Quizzes
User Page
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
Eduquiz
Looking for a fun way to gain some knowledge? You're in the right place!! :)


Paint
Pen
Line
Rect
Circle
Square
Save
Clear
Open
Delete All
Saved Images(Click to Refresh)
Made By:
Nilesh Suthar
, and
Me
!
Credits
JavaScript
: Nilesh Suthar and Me
jQuery
: Me
Background-Image
: Fred Figglehorn


public class Runtime extends Object
Runtime
that allows the application to interface with
the environment in which the application is running. The current
runtime can be obtained from the getRuntime
method.
An application cannot create its own instance of this class.
getRuntime()
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
addShutdownHook(Thread hook)
Registers a new virtual-machine shutdown hook.
|
int |
availableProcessors()
Returns the number of processors available to the Java virtual machine.
|
Process |
exec(String command)
Executes the specified string command in a separate process.
|
Process |
exec(String[] cmdarray)
Executes the specified command and arguments in a separate process.
|
Process |
exec(String[] cmdarray,
String[] envp)
Executes the specified command and arguments in a separate process
with the specified environment.
|
Process |
exec(String[] cmdarray,
String[] envp,
File dir)
Executes the specified command and arguments in a separate process with
the specified environment and working directory.
|
Process |
exec(String command,
String[] envp)
Executes the specified string command in a separate process with the
specified environment.
|
Process |
exec(String command,
String[] envp,
File dir)
Executes the specified string command in a separate process with the
specified environment and working directory.
|
void |
exit(int status)
Terminates the currently running Java virtual machine by initiating its
shutdown sequence.
|
long |
freeMemory()
Returns the amount of free memory in the Java Virtual Machine.
|
void |
gc()
Runs the garbage collector.
|
InputStream |
getLocalizedInputStream(InputStream in)
Deprecated.
As of JDK 1.1, the preferred way to translate a byte
stream in the local encoding into a character stream in Unicode is via
the
InputStreamReader and BufferedReader
classes. |
OutputStream |
getLocalizedOutputStream(OutputStream out)
Deprecated.
As of JDK 1.1, the preferred way to translate a
Unicode character stream into a byte stream in the local encoding is via
the
OutputStreamWriter , BufferedWriter , and
PrintWriter classes. |
static Runtime |
getRuntime()
Returns the runtime object associated with the current Java application.
|
void |
halt(int status)
Forcibly terminates the currently running Java virtual machine.
|
void |
load(String filename)
Loads the native library specified by the filename argument.
|
void |
loadLibrary(String libname)
Loads the native library specified by the
libname
argument. |
long |
maxMemory()
Returns the maximum amount of memory that the Java virtual machine will
attempt to use.
|
boolean |
removeShutdownHook(Thread hook)
De-registers a previously-registered virtual-machine shutdown hook.
|
void |
runFinalization()
Runs the finalization methods of any objects pending finalization.
|
static void |
runFinalizersOnExit(boolean value)
Deprecated.
This method is inherently unsafe. It may result in
finalizers being called on live objects while other threads are
concurrently manipulating those objects, resulting in erratic
behavior or deadlock.
|
long |
totalMemory()
Returns the total amount of memory in the Java virtual machine.
|
void |
traceInstructions(boolean on)
Enables/Disables tracing of instructions.
|
void |
traceMethodCalls(boolean on)
Enables/Disables tracing of method calls.
|
public static Runtime getRuntime()
Runtime
are instance
methods and must be invoked with respect to the current runtime object.Runtime
object associated with the current
Java application.public void exit(int status)
The virtual machine's shutdown sequence consists of two phases. In
the first phase all registered shutdown hooks
,
if any, are started in some unspecified order and allowed to run
concurrently until they finish. In the second phase all uninvoked
finalizers are run if finalization-on-exit
has been enabled. Once this is done the virtual machine halts
.
If this method is invoked after the virtual machine has begun its shutdown sequence then if shutdown hooks are being run this method will block indefinitely. If shutdown hooks have already been run and on-exit finalization has been enabled then this method halts the virtual machine with the given status code if the status is nonzero; otherwise, it blocks indefinitely.
The System.exit
method is the
conventional and convenient means of invoking this method.
status
- Termination status. By convention, a nonzero status code
indicates abnormal termination.SecurityException
- If a security manager is present and its checkExit
method does not permit
exiting with the specified statusSecurityException
,
SecurityManager.checkExit(int)
,
addShutdownHook(java.lang.Thread)
,
removeShutdownHook(java.lang.Thread)
,
runFinalizersOnExit(boolean)
,
halt(int)
public void addShutdownHook(Thread hook)
The Java virtual machine shuts down in response to two kinds of events:
exit
(equivalently,
System.exit
) method is invoked, or
A shutdown hook is simply an initialized but unstarted
thread. When the virtual machine begins its shutdown sequence it will
start all registered shutdown hooks in some unspecified order and let
them run concurrently. When all the hooks have finished it will then
run all uninvoked finalizers if finalization-on-exit has been enabled.
Finally, the virtual machine will halt. Note that daemon threads will
continue to run during the shutdown sequence, as will non-daemon threads
if shutdown was initiated by invoking the exit
method.
Once the shutdown sequence has begun it can be stopped only by
invoking the halt
method, which forcibly
terminates the virtual machine.
Once the shutdown sequence has begun it is impossible to register a
new shutdown hook or de-register a previously-registered hook.
Attempting either of these operations will cause an
IllegalStateException
to be thrown.
Shutdown hooks run at a delicate time in the life cycle of a virtual machine and should therefore be coded defensively. They should, in particular, be written to be thread-safe and to avoid deadlocks insofar as possible. They should also not rely blindly upon services that may have registered their own shutdown hooks and therefore may themselves in the process of shutting down. Attempts to use other thread-based services such as the AWT event-dispatch thread, for example, may lead to deadlocks.
Shutdown hooks should also finish their work quickly. When a
program invokes exit
the expectation is
that the virtual machine will promptly shut down and exit. When the
virtual machine is terminated due to user logoff or system shutdown the
underlying operating system may only allow a fixed amount of time in
which to shut down and exit. It is therefore inadvisable to attempt any
user interaction or to perform a long-running computation in a shutdown
hook.
Uncaught exceptions are handled in shutdown hooks just as in any
other thread, by invoking the uncaughtException
method of the thread's ThreadGroup
object. The default implementation of this method
prints the exception's stack trace to System.err
and
terminates the thread; it does not cause the virtual machine to exit or
halt.
In rare circumstances the virtual machine may abort, that is, stop running without shutting down cleanly. This occurs when the virtual machine is terminated externally, for example with the SIGKILL signal on Unix or the TerminateProcess call on Microsoft Windows. The virtual machine may also abort if a native method goes awry by, for example, corrupting internal data structures or attempting to access nonexistent memory. If the virtual machine aborts then no guarantee can be made about whether or not any shutdown hooks will be run.
hook
- An initialized but unstarted Thread
objectIllegalArgumentException
- If the specified hook has already been registered,
or if it can be determined that the hook is already running or
has already been runIllegalStateException
- If the virtual machine is already in the process
of shutting downSecurityException
- If a security manager is present and it denies
RuntimePermission
("shutdownHooks")removeShutdownHook(java.lang.Thread)
,
halt(int)
,
exit(int)
public boolean removeShutdownHook(Thread hook)
hook
- the hook to removeIllegalStateException
- If the virtual machine is already in the process of shutting
downSecurityException
- If a security manager is present and it denies
RuntimePermission
("shutdownHooks")addShutdownHook(java.lang.Thread)
,
exit(int)
public void halt(int status)
This method should be used with extreme caution. Unlike the
exit
method, this method does not cause shutdown
hooks to be started and does not run uninvoked finalizers if
finalization-on-exit has been enabled. If the shutdown sequence has
already been initiated then this method does not wait for any running
shutdown hooks or finalizers to finish their work.
status
- Termination status. By convention, a nonzero status code
indicates abnormal termination. If the exit
(equivalently, System.exit
) method has already been invoked then this
status code will override the status code passed to that method.SecurityException
- If a security manager is present and its checkExit
method does not permit
an exit with the specified statusexit(int)
,
addShutdownHook(java.lang.Thread)
,
removeShutdownHook(java.lang.Thread)
@Deprecated public static void runFinalizersOnExit(boolean value)
If there is a security manager,
its checkExit
method is first called
with 0 as its argument to ensure the exit is allowed.
This could result in a SecurityException.
value
- true to enable finalization on exit, false to disableSecurityException
- if a security manager exists and its checkExit
method doesn't allow the exit.exit(int)
,
gc()
,
SecurityManager.checkExit(int)
public Process exec(String command) throws IOException
This is a convenience method. An invocation of the form
exec(command)
behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
exec
(command, null, null).
command
- a specified system command.Process
object for managing the subprocessSecurityException
- If a security manager exists and its
checkExec
method doesn't allow creation of the subprocessIOException
- If an I/O error occursNullPointerException
- If command
is null
IllegalArgumentException
- If command
is emptyexec(String[], String[], File)
,
ProcessBuilder
public Process exec(String command, String[] envp) throws IOException
This is a convenience method. An invocation of the form
exec(command, envp)
behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
exec
(command, envp, null).
command
- a specified system command.envp
- array of strings, each element of which
has environment variable settings in the format
name=value, or
null if the subprocess should inherit
the environment of the current process.Process
object for managing the subprocessSecurityException
- If a security manager exists and its
checkExec
method doesn't allow creation of the subprocessIOException
- If an I/O error occursNullPointerException
- If command
is null
,
or one of the elements of envp
is null
IllegalArgumentException
- If command
is emptyexec(String[], String[], File)
,
ProcessBuilder
public Process exec(String command, String[] envp, File dir) throws IOException
This is a convenience method. An invocation of the form
exec(command, envp, dir)
behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
exec
(cmdarray, envp, dir),
where cmdarray
is an array of all the tokens in
command
.
More precisely, the command
string is broken
into tokens using a StringTokenizer
created by the call
new
with no
further modification of the character categories. The tokens
produced by the tokenizer are then placed in the new string
array StringTokenizer
(command)cmdarray
, in the same order.
command
- a specified system command.envp
- array of strings, each element of which
has environment variable settings in the format
name=value, or
null if the subprocess should inherit
the environment of the current process.dir
- the working directory of the subprocess, or
null if the subprocess should inherit
the working directory of the current process.Process
object for managing the subprocessSecurityException
- If a security manager exists and its
checkExec
method doesn't allow creation of the subprocessIOException
- If an I/O error occursNullPointerException
- If command
is null
,
or one of the elements of envp
is null
IllegalArgumentException
- If command
is emptyProcessBuilder
public Process exec(String[] cmdarray) throws IOException
This is a convenience method. An invocation of the form
exec(cmdarray)
behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
exec
(cmdarray, null, null).
cmdarray
- array containing the command to call and
its arguments.Process
object for managing the subprocessSecurityException
- If a security manager exists and its
checkExec
method doesn't allow creation of the subprocessIOException
- If an I/O error occursNullPointerException
- If cmdarray
is null
,
or one of the elements of cmdarray
is null
IndexOutOfBoundsException
- If cmdarray
is an empty array
(has length 0
)ProcessBuilder
public Process exec(String[] cmdarray, String[] envp) throws IOException
This is a convenience method. An invocation of the form
exec(cmdarray, envp)
behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
exec
(cmdarray, envp, null).
cmdarray
- array containing the command to call and
its arguments.envp
- array of strings, each element of which
has environment variable settings in the format
name=value, or
null if the subprocess should inherit
the environment of the current process.Process
object for managing the subprocessSecurityException
- If a security manager exists and its
checkExec
method doesn't allow creation of the subprocessIOException
- If an I/O error occursNullPointerException
- If cmdarray
is null
,
or one of the elements of cmdarray
is null
,
or one of the elements of envp
is null
IndexOutOfBoundsException
- If cmdarray
is an empty array
(has length 0
)ProcessBuilder
public Process exec(String[] cmdarray, String[] envp, File dir) throws IOException
Given an array of strings cmdarray
, representing the
tokens of a command line, and an array of strings envp
,
representing "environment" variable settings, this method creates
a new process in which to execute the specified command.
This method checks that cmdarray
is a valid operating
system command. Which commands are valid is system-dependent,
but at the very least the command must be a non-empty list of
non-null strings.
If envp is null, the subprocess inherits the environment settings of the current process.
A minimal set of system dependent environment variables may be required to start a process on some operating systems. As a result, the subprocess may inherit additional environment variable settings beyond those in the specified environment.
ProcessBuilder.start()
is now the preferred way to
start a process with a modified environment.
The working directory of the new subprocess is specified by dir. If dir is null, the subprocess inherits the current working directory of the current process.
If a security manager exists, its
checkExec
method is invoked with the first component of the array
cmdarray
as its argument. This may result in a
SecurityException
being thrown.
Starting an operating system process is highly system-dependent. Among the many things that can go wrong are:
In such cases an exception will be thrown. The exact nature
of the exception is system-dependent, but it will always be a
subclass of IOException
.
cmdarray
- array containing the command to call and
its arguments.envp
- array of strings, each element of which
has environment variable settings in the format
name=value, or
null if the subprocess should inherit
the environment of the current process.dir
- the working directory of the subprocess, or
null if the subprocess should inherit
the working directory of the current process.Process
object for managing the subprocessSecurityException
- If a security manager exists and its
checkExec
method doesn't allow creation of the subprocessIOException
- If an I/O error occursNullPointerException
- If cmdarray
is null
,
or one of the elements of cmdarray
is null
,
or one of the elements of envp
is null
IndexOutOfBoundsException
- If cmdarray
is an empty array
(has length 0
)ProcessBuilder
public int availableProcessors()
This value may change during a particular invocation of the virtual machine. Applications that are sensitive to the number of available processors should therefore occasionally poll this property and adjust their resource usage appropriately.
public long freeMemory()
gc
method may result in increasing the value returned
by freeMemory.
public long totalMemory()
Note that the amount of memory required to hold an object of any given type may be implementation-dependent.
public long maxMemory()
Long.MAX_VALUE
will be returned.public void gc()
The name gc
stands for "garbage
collector". The virtual machine performs this recycling
process automatically as needed, in a separate thread, even if the
gc
method is not invoked explicitly.
The method System.gc()
is the conventional and convenient
means of invoking this method.
public void runFinalization()
finalize
methods of objects
that have been found to be discarded but whose finalize
methods have not yet been run. When control returns from the
method call, the virtual machine has made a best effort to
complete all outstanding finalizations.
The virtual machine performs the finalization process
automatically as needed, in a separate thread, if the
runFinalization
method is not invoked explicitly.
The method System.runFinalization()
is the conventional
and convenient means of invoking this method.
Object.finalize()
public void traceInstructions(boolean on)
boolean
argument is true
, this
method suggests that the Java virtual machine emit debugging
information for each instruction in the virtual machine as it
is executed. The format of this information, and the file or other
output stream to which it is emitted, depends on the host environment.
The virtual machine may ignore this request if it does not support
this feature. The destination of the trace output is system
dependent.
If the boolean
argument is false
, this
method causes the virtual machine to stop performing the
detailed instruction trace it is performing.
on
- true
to enable instruction tracing;
false
to disable this feature.public void traceMethodCalls(boolean on)
boolean
argument is true
, this
method suggests that the Java virtual machine emit debugging
information for each method in the virtual machine as it is
called. The format of this information, and the file or other output
stream to which it is emitted, depends on the host environment. The
virtual machine may ignore this request if it does not support
this feature.
Calling this method with argument false suggests that the virtual machine cease emitting per-call debugging information.
on
- true
to enable instruction tracing;
false
to disable this feature.public void load(String filename)
Runtime.getRuntime().load("/home/avh/lib/libX11.so");
).
If the filename argument, when stripped of any platform-specific library
prefix, path, and file extension, indicates a library whose name is,
for example, L, and a native library called L is statically linked
with the VM, then the JNI_OnLoad_L function exported by the library
is invoked rather than attempting to load a dynamic library.
A filename matching the argument does not have to exist in the file
system. See the JNI Specification for more details.
Otherwise, the filename argument is mapped to a native library image in
an implementation-dependent manner.
First, if there is a security manager, its checkLink
method is called with the filename
as its argument.
This may result in a security exception.
This is similar to the method loadLibrary(String)
, but it
accepts a general file name as an argument rather than just a library
name, allowing any file of native code to be loaded.
The method System.load(String)
is the conventional and
convenient means of invoking this method.
filename
- the file to load.SecurityException
- if a security manager exists and its
checkLink
method doesn't allow
loading of the specified dynamic libraryUnsatisfiedLinkError
- if either the filename is not an
absolute path name, the native library is not statically
linked with the VM, or the library cannot be mapped to
a native library image by the host system.NullPointerException
- if filename
is
null
getRuntime()
,
SecurityException
,
SecurityManager.checkLink(java.lang.String)
public void loadLibrary(String libname)
libname
argument. The libname
argument must not contain any platform
specific prefix, file extension or path. If a native library
called libname
is statically linked with the VM, then the
JNI_OnLoad_libname
function exported by the library is invoked.
See the JNI Specification for more details.
Otherwise, the libname argument is loaded from a system library
location and mapped to a native library image in an implementation-
dependent manner.
First, if there is a security manager, its checkLink
method is called with the libname
as its argument.
This may result in a security exception.
The method System.loadLibrary(String)
is the conventional
and convenient means of invoking this method. If native
methods are to be used in the implementation of a class, a standard
strategy is to put the native code in a library file (call it
LibFile
) and then to put a static initializer:
within the class declaration. When the class is loaded and initialized, the necessary native code implementation for the native methods will then be loaded as well.static { System.loadLibrary("LibFile"); }
If this method is called more than once with the same library name, the second and subsequent calls are ignored.
libname
- the name of the library.SecurityException
- if a security manager exists and its
checkLink
method doesn't allow
loading of the specified dynamic libraryUnsatisfiedLinkError
- if either the libname argument
contains a file path, the native library is not statically
linked with the VM, or the library cannot be mapped to a
native library image by the host system.NullPointerException
- if libname
is
null
SecurityException
,
SecurityManager.checkLink(java.lang.String)
@Deprecated public InputStream getLocalizedInputStream(InputStream in)
InputStreamReader
and BufferedReader
classes.InputStream
and returns an InputStream
equivalent to the argument in all respects except that it is
localized: as characters in the local character set are read from
the stream, they are automatically converted from the local
character set to Unicode.
If the argument is already a localized stream, it may be returned as the result.
in
- InputStream to localizeInputStream
,
BufferedReader.BufferedReader(java.io.Reader)
,
InputStreamReader.InputStreamReader(java.io.InputStream)
@Deprecated public OutputStream getLocalizedOutputStream(OutputStream out)
OutputStreamWriter
, BufferedWriter
, and
PrintWriter
classes.OutputStream
and returns an
OutputStream
equivalent to the argument in all respects
except that it is localized: as Unicode characters are written to
the stream, they are automatically converted to the local
character set.
If the argument is already a localized stream, it may be returned as the result.
out
- OutputStream to localizeOutputStream
,
BufferedWriter.BufferedWriter(java.io.Writer)
,
OutputStreamWriter.OutputStreamWriter(java.io.OutputStream)
,
PrintWriter.PrintWriter(java.io.OutputStream)
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Price Curves are a new pricing mechanism developed by SIlverwing that allow organisations to aggregate purchases effortlessly within their own organisation, and also between different organisations. How Price Curves work will be explained on the next page.
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