public class MarkovClustering
extends java.lang.Object
The basic idea underlying the MCL algorithm is that dense regions in sparse graphs correspond with regions in which the number of k-length paths is relatively large, for small k in N, which corresponds to multiplying probabilities in the matrix appropriately. Random walks of length k have higher probability (product) for paths with beginning and ending in the same dense region than for other paths.
The algorithm starts by creating a Markov matrix from the graph, for which first the adjacency matrix is added diagonal elements to include self-loops for all nodes, i.e., probabilities that the random walker stays at a particular node. After this initialisation, the algorithm works by alternating two operations, expansion and inflation, iteratively recomputing the set of transition probabilities. The expansion step corresponds to matrix multiplication (on stochastic matrices), the inflation step corresponds with a parametrized inflation operator Gamma_r, which acts column-wise on (column) stochastic matrices (here, we use row-wise operation, which is analogous).
The inflation operator transforms a stochastic matrix into another one by raising each element to a positive power p and re-normalising columns to keep the matrix stochastic. The effect is that larger probabilities in each column are emphasised and smaller ones deemphasised. On the other side, the matrix multiplication in the expansion step creates new non-zero elements, i.e., edges. The algorithm converges very fast, and the result is an idempotent Markov matrix, M = M * M, which represents a hard clustering of the graph into components.
Expansion and inflation have two opposing effects: While expansion flattens the stochastic distributions in the columns and thus causes paths of a random walker to become more evenly spread, inflation contracts them to favoured paths.
Description is based on the introduction of Stijn van Dongen's thesis Graph Clustering by Flow Simulation (2000); for a mathematical treatment of the algorithm and the associated MCL process, see there.
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
MarkovClustering() |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
SparseMatrix |
expand(SparseMatrix m)
expand stochastic quadratic matrix by sqaring it with itself: result = m *
m.
|
double |
inflate(SparseMatrix m,
double p,
double zeromax)
inflate stochastic matrix by Hadamard (elementwise) exponentiation,
pruning and normalisation :
|
SparseMatrix |
run(SparseMatrix a,
double maxResidual,
double pGamma,
double loopGain,
double maxZero)
run the MCL process.
|
public SparseMatrix run(SparseMatrix a, double maxResidual, double pGamma, double loopGain, double maxZero)
a
- matrixmaxResidual
- maximum difference between row elements and row square sum
(measure of idempotence)pGamma
- inflation exponent for Gamma operatorloopGain
- values for cyclesmaxZero
- maximum value considered zero for pruning operationspublic double inflate(SparseMatrix m, double p, double zeromax)
result = Gamma ( m, p ) = normalise ( prune ( m .^ p ) ).
By convention, normalisation is done along rows (SparseMatrix has row-major representation)
m
- matrix (mutable)p
- exponent as a doublezeromax
- below which elements are pruned from the sparse matrixpublic SparseMatrix expand(SparseMatrix m)
matrix
- Copyright © 2006-2014 - Thomas Abeel - All Rights Reserved.


For this demo to work properly, please choose the number of cores your computer has. If you don't know that number, or need your computers computational power for something else, just pick 1.
(Cores: 4)
For this demo to work properly, please choose the number of cores your computer has. If you don't know that number, or need your computers computational power for something else, just pick 1.
(Cores: 4)
This page demostrates a classic computational problem known as 3-SAT. The task is, when presented with a formula in 3-CNF to check if it is satisfiable. That job is so difficult, that computer scientists invented all sorts of algorithms, but none of them has succeded in finding an efficient one, yet. Many more of these difficult problems are known and together they form the group of NP-complete problems.
Even though no perfect efficent algorithm for 3-SAT exists, there is a simple strategy which is pretty accurate: guessing. Short formulas are more likely to be satisfiable, than long formulas. So, when you are presented a short formula, just claim that it is satisfiable and most of the time you will be right. The terms long, short and most of the time strongly depend on the number of variables. The demo below will calculate the propability that a formula with 20 variables of a certain length will be satisfiable.
In the above chart you will notice that all formulas of a length below 44 will most likely be satisfiable; Those above, will not. At the length 44 itself, the chances are pretty much 50:50. The next demo will let you calculate this turning point for all numbers of variables.


Monty Python is a british comedy sketch show from the 70's that also made 3 hit movies Monty Python And The Holy Grail, Monty Python The Life of Brian and Monty Python And The Meaning Of Life.
My favorite film Monty Python and the Holy Grail features King Arthur and his quest for the holy grail, here's a personal favorite scene
The Life Of Brian is a completely accurate representation of the first coming of christ and the story of the Messiah
I probably shouldn't show any scenes from Meaning Of Life in a school project to be honest
IMBD reviews for each film
Holy Grail
Life Of Brian
Meaning Of Life
8.3
8.1
7.6
Common Opinion is
Holy Grail
Life Of Brian
Meaning Of Life
Which Monty Python film is your favorite?
Holy Grail:
Life Of Brian:
Meaning Of Life:
Submit


Web monitoring demo
Test name:
Number of requests:
Time between requests (ms):
Start test
Test Summary


◆ __init__()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.__init__ |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
model, |
|
|
|
custom_settings |
|
) |
| |
◆ AddDofs()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.AddDofs |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ AddMaterialVariables()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.AddMaterialVariables |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ AddPfemVariables()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.AddPfemVariables |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ AddVariables()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.AddVariables |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ AdvanceInTime()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.AdvanceInTime |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
current_time |
|
) |
| |
◆ Check()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.Check |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ Clear()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.Clear |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ CloneThermalModelPart()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.CloneThermalModelPart |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ ComputeDeltaTime()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.ComputeDeltaTime |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ FinalizeSolutionStep()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.FinalizeSolutionStep |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ GetComputingModelPart()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.GetComputingModelPart |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ GetDefaultParameters()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.GetDefaultParameters |
( |
|
cls | ) |
|
◆ GetMinimumBufferSize()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.GetMinimumBufferSize |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ ImportModelPart()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.ImportModelPart |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ Initialize()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.Initialize |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ InitializeSolutionStep()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.InitializeSolutionStep |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ InitializeStrategy()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.InitializeStrategy |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ Predict()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.Predict |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ PrepareModelPart()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.PrepareModelPart |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ PrepareThermalModelPart()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.PrepareThermalModelPart |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ SetEchoLevel()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.SetEchoLevel |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
level |
|
) |
| |
◆ SolveSolutionStep()
| def pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.SolveSolutionStep |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ constitutive_laws_names
| pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.constitutive_laws_names |
◆ domain_size
| pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.domain_size |
◆ fluid_solver
| pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.fluid_solver |
◆ thermal_solver
| pfem_fluid_thermally_coupled_solver.CoupledPfemFluidThermalSolver.thermal_solver |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


-- Select an Option --
Curteously
Angrily
In Spanish
in memes
Formally.
informally
an audio file


protocol
Event registry protocol.
Paulo Moura
1.1
2009/10/8
static, context_switching_calls, events
(no dependencies on other files)
Returns a list of all current monitors.
static
monitors(Monitors)
monitors(-list(object_identifier)) – one
Monitor is an object playing the role of a monitor.
static
monitor(Monitor)
monitor(-object_identifier) – zero_or_more
monitor(+object_identifier) – zero_or_one
Returns a list of all currently monitored objects.
static
monitored(Objects)
monitored(-list(object_identifier)) – one
True if the arguments describe a currently defined monitored event.
static
monitor(Object,Message,Sender,Monitor)
monitor(?object_identifier,?nonvar,?object_identifier,?object_identifier) – zero_or_more
Sets a monitor for the set of matching events.
static
set_monitor(Object,Message,Sender,Monitor)
set_monitor(?object_identifier,?nonvar,?object_identifier,+object_identifier) – zero_or_one
Deletes all matching monitored events.
static
del_monitors(Object,Message,Sender,Monitor)
del_monitors(?object_identifier,?nonvar,?object_identifier,?object_identifier) – one
Deletes all monitored events.
static
del_monitors – one
(none)
(none)


BIBTEX(1) Web2C 2012 BIBTEX(1) NAME bibtex - make a bibliography for (La)TeX SYNOPSIS bibtex [-min-crossrefs=number] [-terse] auxname[.aux] DESCRIPTION This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive. The complete documenta‐ tion for this version of TeX can be found in the info file or manual Web2C: A TeX implementation. BibTeX reads the top-level auxiliary (.aux) file auxname that was output during the running of latex(1) or tex(1) and creates a bibliography (.bbl) file that will be incorporated into the document on subsequent runs of LaTeX or TeX. BibTeX looks up, in bibliographic database (.bib) files specified by the \bibliography command, the entries specified by the \cite and \nocite commands in the LaTeX or TeX source file. It formats the information from those entries according to instructions in a bibliography style (.bst) file (specified by the \bibliographystyle command, and it outputs the results to the .bbl file. The LaTeX manual explains what a LaTeX source file must contain to work with BibTeX. Appendix B of the manual describes the format of the .bib files. The `BibTeXing' document describes extensions and details of this format, and it gives other useful hints for using BibTeX. OPTIONS The -min-crossrefs option defines the minimum number of crossref required for automatic inclusion of the crossref'd entry on the citation list; the default is two. With the -terse option, BibTeX operates silently. With‐ out it, a banner and progress reports are printed on stdout. ENVIRONMENT BibTeX searches the directories in the path defined by the BSTINPUTS environment variable for .bst files. If BSTINPUTS is not set, it uses the system default. For .bib files, it uses the BIBINPUTS environment vari‐ able if that is set, otherwise the default. See tex(1) for the details of the searching. If the environment variable TEXMFOUTPUT is set, BibTeX attempts to put its output files in it, if they cannot be put in the current directory. Again, see tex(1). No special searching is done for the .aux file. FILES *.bst Bibliography style files. btxdoc.tex ``BibTeXing'' - LaTeXable documentation for general BibTeX users btxhak.tex ``Designing BibTeX Styles'' - LaTeXable documentation for style designers btxdoc.bib database file for those two documents xampl.bib database file giving examples of all standard entry types btxbst.doc template file and documentation for the standard styles All those files should be available somewhere on your system. The host math.utah.edu has a vast collection of .bib files available for anonymous ftp, including references for all the standard TeX books and a complete bibliography for TUGboat. SEE ALSO latex(1), tex(1). Leslie Lamport, LaTeX - A Document Preparation System, Addison-Wesley, 1985, ISBN 0-201-15790-X. AUTHOR Oren Patashnik, Stanford University. This man page describes the web2c version of BibTeX. Other ports of BibTeX, such as Donald Knuth's version using the Sun Pascal compiler, do not have the same path searching imple‐ mentation, or the command-line options. bibtex 0.99d 1 February 2010 BIBTEX(1)


This file is for testing the list option. This section should not be listed. Using the options given in the options file for this gamebook, only the sections tagged as todo will be listed.
Resume saved game.
Turn to 1 to begin.
1
There has to be a section set as missingto (ie this section), otherwise generating a list with only todo sections will fail (as one of them references non-todo sections). Unfortunate side-effect is that this section will always be included in the list. TODO figure out some fix for this.
2
Need to write this section. Sorry for it being a dead-end for now.
3
(This section needs some work!) Here you find a key
and a stick
. You can go west to 1, or east to 2.


Sortable module, lets lists be rearranged.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
container |
Element | ToDo List or Archive |
- Source:
Methods
(inner) remove()
Destroy Sortable.js on the container given by Constructor.
- Source:
(inner) startup()
Start the Sortable.js on the container given by Constructor.
- Source:


Mike Bloomberg "campaign logo" reminiscent of ZALGO text
by Rob BeschizzaIt's not official, by any pronouncement or claim, but this is reportedly the provisional design for Mike Bloomberg's presidential campaign logo. (UPDATE: denied by the campaign; it's apparently the work of a Mike Bloomberg fansite)
̧̝͛̇ͦ̓Z̐ͪ͛̈ ̹̞̗͍͋Á̻͖̼̙̺̔ͧ͂ͫͅL̼̦̯͇͈̕G̫͔̦̰̬͇̅ͩ̐̈ͭ̉Õ̬̓͂̈̾ͭͮ!̞ͥ


Whenever you want to start a new line, you can close a columns
componet and
start a new one. But you can also add the multiline
modifier and add
more column elements that would fit in a single row.
Ralma - Ractive Components for Bulma
This Ractive plugin provides helper shortcuts for most Bulma widgets.
Design different types of column layouts
Whenever you want to start a new line, you can close a columns
componet and
start a new one. But you can also add the multiline
modifier and add
more column elements that would fit in a single row.
one-quarter
one-quarter
one-quarter
one-quarter
half
one-quarter
one-quarter
one-quarter
Auto
While you can use empty columns (like
<column></column>
) to create horizontal space around
column
components, you can also use centered
on the parent
columns
component:
half
narrow
Use with multiline
to create a flexible, centered list (try resizing to see
centering in different viewport sizes):
narrow
First Column
narrow
Our Second Column
narrow
Third Column
narrow
The Fourth Column
narrow
Fifth Column


--- title: "Using ECMAScript 5 getters and setters with NodeJS" author: Kip date: 2010-09-24 ---
Did you know you could use ECMAScript 5 features in NodeJS? You can! Try this getter and setter example:
var obj = (function() {
var a;
return {
get a() {
return a;
},
set a(v) {
a = 'prepender: ' + v;
}
};
})();
obj.a = "Hi";
console.log(obj.a);
Running the code gives you the following: [text light="true"] $ node test1.js prepender: Hi [/text] In the obj function you can not access the a variable directly. Instead you have to access it through the getter and setter. You could use code like this to validate your data before you set a, etc... How cool it this!


A model must be created using a reference to a stream. In the previous steps, we've already created a stream and loaded it with data. Next, we'll create a model using our loaded stream by referring to its stream ID in the JSON model specification below. As you can see, the stream ID in the input field below has already been populated with the stream ID we created in previous steps. The call to createModel()
is made on the project object, which indicates that this model will only be accessible from within this project.
Creating model...


Downloadr
Got a Link?
Download any video in a click
© 2019 Downloadr . All rights reserved | Developed by
Yusuf Badmos


We recommend for most guests to fly into Chicago's O'Hare International Airport (ORD). ORD is located in a northwest suburb and while further away from Chicago's downtown, it is only a 25-minute drive to the reception and ceremony. It is Chicago's largest airport and services most domestic and international airlines.
Another option for domestic travelers is Midway Airport (MDW). MDW is located in Chicago's southwest side and serves exclusively Southwest and Delta airlines. While only a 25-minute drive from downtown Chicago, it will take approximately 45 minutes to drive to the ceremony and reception in ideal traffic conditions.
We have reserved room blocks for your convenience. Please be sure to reserve your room as soon as possible to receive the special discounted rate ($135/night including taxes and fees)
Name: DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Chicago - North Shore Conference Center
Address: 9599 Skokie Blvd., Skokie, IL 60077 (map)
Telephone Number:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Click here to book!


CakePHP 3.3 is an API compatible upgrade from 3.2. This page outlines the changes and improvements made in 3.3.
Router::mapResources()
is deprecated. Use routing scopes and
$routes->resources()
instead.Router::redirect()
is deprecated. Use routing scopes and
$routes->redirect()
instead.Router::parseNamedParams()
is deprecated. Named parameter backwards
compatibility will be removed in 4.0.0Cake\Http\Client\Response
has had the following methods deprecated because they
overlap with PSR-7 interface methods:statusCode()
use getStatusCode()
instead.encoding()
use getEncoding()
instead.header()
use getHeaderLine()
instead.cookie()
use getCookie()
instead.version()
use getProtocolVersion()
instead.RequestActionTrait
has been deprecated. Refactor your code to use
View Cells instead.Cake\\Utility\\Crypto\\Mcrypt
engine has been deprecated as the mcrypt
extension is deprecated in PHP 7.1. Use the openssl
and
Cake\Utility\Crypto\Openssl
instead.While these changes are API compatible, they represent minor variances in behavior that may effect your application:
:
.
For example 2015-11-06T00:00:00+03:00
Controller::referer()
now consistently omits the application base path
when generating application local URLs. Previously string URLs would have the
base path prepended to them, while array URLs would not.ErrorController
no longer disables Auth
and Security
components, as it does not extend AppController
. If you are enabling these
components through events, you will need to update your code.Entity::clean
now cleans original values, clearing them on save. This
behavior was a bug as the entity’s original state should not be retained after
a save, but instead reflect the new state of the entity.In tandem with the deprecation of Dispatcher Filters, support for PSR-7 middleware has been added. Middleware is part of the new HTTP stack that is an opt-in component of CakePHP 3.3.0. By using the new HTTP stack, you can take advantage of features like:
Http\Client
and the responses your application generates.See the Middleware chapter and Adding the new HTTP Stack to an Existing Application sections for more information and how to add the new HTTP stack to an existing application.
Cake\Network\Http\Client
has been moved to Cake\Http\Client
. Its request
and response objects now implement the
PSR-7 interfaces. Several methods on
Cake\Http\Client\Response
are now deprecated, see above for more
information.
JsonType
was added. This new type lets you use the native JSON types
available in MySQL and Postgres. In other database providers the json
type
will map to TEXT
columns.Association::unique()
was added. This method proxies the target table’s
unique()
method, but ensures that association conditions are applied.isUnique
rules now apply association conditions.toArray()
. Instead, the
jsonSerialize()
method will be invoked on all associated entities. This
gives you more flexibility and control on which properties are exposed in JSON
representations of your entities.Table::newEntity()
and Table::patchEntity()
will now raise an
exception when an unknown association is in the ‘associated’ key.RulesChecker::validCount()
was added. This new method allows to apply
rules to the number of associated records an entity has.allowNullableNulls
option was added to the existsIn
rule. This
option allows rules to pass when some columns are null.You can now paginate multiple queries in a single controller action/view template. See the Paginating Multiple Queries section for more details.
To help you better manage cached data from the CLI environment, a shell command has been added that exposes methods for clearing cached data:
// Clear one cache config
bin/cake cache clear <configname>
// Clear all cache configs
bin/cake cache clear_all
schemaDefault
option to false.Validator::requirePresence()
, Validator::allowEmpty()
and
Validator::notEmpty()
now accept a list of fields. This allows you
to more concisely define the fields that are required.StringTemplate::format()
now throws an exception instead of returning
null
when requested template is not found.
Collection::transpose()
was added. This method allows you to tranpose the
rows and columns of a matrix with equal length rows.ErrorController
now loads RequestHandlerComponent
to
enable Accept
header based content-type negotiation for error pages.Router::parse()
, RouteCollection::parse()
and Route::parse()
had
a $method
argument added. It defaults to ‘GET’. This new parameter reduces
reliance on global state, and necessary for the PSR-7 work integration to be
done._welcome
method invoked. They will also have the requested
parameter
set now.Shell::err()
will now apply the ‘error’ style to text. The default
styling is red text.Request::is()
and Request::addDetector()
now supports additional
arguments in detectors. This allows detector callables to operate on
additional parameters.


Before Change
self.assertEqual([1, 2, 5, 6], not_run_statements)
def test_coverage_paths_dne_option(self):
self.assert_paths_dne(coverage="paths:does_not_exist/,nor_does_this/")
def test_coverage_paths_dne_env(self):
with environment_as(PANTS_PY_COVERAGE="paths:does_not_exist/,nor_does_this/"):
self.assert_paths_dne()
After Change
def test_coverage_paths_dne_option(self):
self.assertFalse(os.path.isfile(self.coverage_data_file()))
covered_file = os.path.join(self.build_root, "lib", "core.py")
// paths: should trump .coverage
self.run_failing_tests(targets=[self.green, self.red], failed_targets=[self.red],
coverage="paths:does_not_exist/,nor_does_this/")
all_statements, not_run_statements = self.load_coverage_data(covered_file)
self.assertEqual([1, 2, 5, 6], all_statements)
self.assertEqual([1, 2, 5, 6], not_run_statements)
def test_coverage_paths_option(self):


HTML and CSS are the basics. The basic basics. The very basics.
Right-click on this page right now and click on View Source or View page source or whatever. Just do it and take a look at that. I'll wait. Come back to me when you're confused enough.
excellent question! you're on the right track. we'll start out with HTML and worry about CSS later.
HTML, if you care, is HyperText Markup Language. That's neat; you should get used to acronyms and abbreviations. It's a standardized way of building something for display in a browser.
And the beautiful thing is that it's all actually just plain text! Nothing special about it. Just text. That's why you can right-click on this page and view the HTML source.
Right now you're in a web browser viewing this page, whether it's Firefox or Chrome or Safari (let's hope not IE). All those browsers really do is render HTML.
What does that mean? Rendering HTML? It means your browser takes this page, which is just a text file, reads it, and constructs the page as it is described with the HTML. The HTML is a set of instructions that the browser follows.
it's like a cooking recipe that only the browser understands. think of all those things between the < >s as ingredients! when the browser is done following the instructions, it shows you the webpage.
This text is bold because it has  tags around it. You don't see those tags because they were interpreted by the browser and taken out. All you see is the bold text, not the tags. But you can see the tags when you view source.
Try to find this text right here you're reading right now in the Source for the page. DO IT! (but come back when you have.)
The letters/words you see between those < > are called tags. Here are some tags:
There are a lot of tags and each is interpreted differently by a browser.
Tags surround that which they work upon. What does that mean? Here's an example:
This text is bold.
The  tags surround the text that will be bold! There is a starting tag, , to tell the browser where the boldness should begin, and there is a closing tag, , where the boldness should end.
It's really that simple at the foundational level.
All you need to make a web page is a plain text editor and a web browser.
Open up a text editor. If you're on a PC, NotePad will work great. If you're on a Mac, TextEdit will work great. (However, in TextEdit, make sure when starting a new document that you go to the Format menu and select Make Plain Text.)
Before you now is the simple, blank canvas of HTML. All of it will be here. There are no secrets. It's all just text! You're going to write the recipe that the browser will follow to make your page.
So to start an HTML document, you must remember that this will be read by a browser, so you're writing something for a machine to understand.
The first thing it needs to know is that this is HTML! Put this into the text file:

Hah! Congrats, that'll tell the browser that everything between the html tags is html! Pretty straightforward so far. Everything from now on will be written between the html tags.
There are two main sections of any HTML document. They are the head and the body. When you look at a webpage in a browser, you are looking at the body. The head section is for the browser to worry about. Take a look at this simple example:

<title>this is where the page title would go!</title>

this is just a paragraph on the page

Notice the following, just to be clear:
Inside the head section you would put things like the page's title, any javascript you want to load, and the CSS style for the page. But don't worry about that yet; just understand that the head section contains things that nobody will really see but the browser.
Inside the body section you would put the things you actually want a person to see when they open this HTML page. Actually, try it! Save this document to your desktop or wherever as awesome.html and then right-click on it and open it with Safari or Firefox or whatever. You should see just the paragraph text.
You should also see that the title of the page in the browser window is what's within the title tags. Magic!
We are really early in the game in terms of learning HTML, but I want to inject you with some more knowledge while the iron is hot.
HTML tells the browser how to show you things... CSS tells the browser what style those things should have.
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets, or it'll frequently just be called the page's style. It typically will exist inside the HTML page's head tag. Let's put some simple CSS into the basic page you just made:

<title>this is where the page title would go!</title>

this is just a paragraph on the page

Don't panic! All we did was add another section, within the style tags, inside the head section. And between the style tags we put some CSS instructions.
Can you guess what it does? I'll just tell you: It tells the browser that the text inside the p tag should be colored blue! If you save this file and open it in a browser, you'll see that I'm so totally right.
Here's the syntax, as it's called. You first have a selector, in this case the tag name p. Then you have some curly braces { }. Inside those curly braces you put the description of how you want that selected item to look! After each attribute and value (the color is an attribute with blue as its value) you need to put a semicolon!
And that rule we wrote will apply to every p tag we put in this HTML document... unless we say otherwise. First let's demonstrate this. I'm not going to show you the code; I'm going to tell you to do this and I want you to do it.
Add another paragraph to the page inside the page's body. It can say whatever you want. Save the file, open it in a browser, and make sure you now have two lines of text.
Did you figure that out? I hope so.
You should notice that both paragraphs are blue! How do we make only one of them blue? How do we color other parts? What other parts are there to add!?
HTML is made up of tags; you know this now. But that's just the first step. There's more to HTML than just that.
Tags can have attributes in them. For example, take a look at this:

this will be a red paragraph

The only thing new here is that style="color:red;" part. What does that mean? Well, that's an attribute and a value.
style is the attribute name and color:red; is its value!
If you add this to your HTML file in the body section, you'll notice that the paragraph will indeed be red.
Almost every tag has attributes you can use. The best example of this is making a link on a page. This is how you make a link:
clicking this text will take you to google
The a tag means link! (Really, it means anchor, but that's outdated.) But it needs the href attribute to know where to go.
All attributes go within the < > of the opening tag. Check this out:
clicking this text will take you to google
That link has two attributes, the first being where the link goes and the second being how to open the link. The target attribute, when set to _blank, opens the link in a new window or tab.
So now you should have a good grasp of basic HTML and basic CSS and how they work together. You know the grammar of it; you just need to learn some more vocabulary, and you'll be fluent in no time!
An important development of the last five to ten years has been the idea that there are web standards everyone should conform to, or at least do their best to conform to. There are technically a huge number of ways you can write a webpage in HTML, but there are a few best practices I'll teach you at the get-go.
One of the most important ones is that HTML makes up the structure and CSS tells the browser the look of that structure. So you'll always have HTML in one place and CSS in another, never really mixing together.
So all your CSS will be in between those style tags instead of being in the HTML tag's attributes as I showed you above. I'll explain this by showing you two HTML pages that do the same thing, but in different ways.
Let's say we want every p tag to be blue. Here's one way:

<title>this is where the page title would go!</title>

this is just a paragraph on the page

this is just another paragraph on the page

That's the way I showed you before, and it's the standard way of doing it. Here's another way:

<title>this is where the page title would go!</title>

this is just a paragraph on the page

this is just another paragraph on the page

First of all, it's entirely valid to do it this way, and sometimes you might want to. But you'll have to keep adding those style attributes to every p tag if you want them all to be blue. Very inefficient.
The reason the standard exists is to reduce repeating yourself and to separate structure from style. Two things to keep in mind.
But what if we want one paragraph to be another color? Say we have three, like this:

<title>this is where the page title would go!</title>

this is just a paragraph on the page

this is just another paragraph on the page

a third paragraph. insanity!

We want the second paragraph to be red! How do we do that in a standards-friendly way? Well, the answer is to give it a class. Check it out:

<title>this is where the page title would go!</title>

this is just a paragraph on the page

this is just another paragraph on the page

a third paragraph. insanity!

See what I did there? We did two things: added the class attribute to the second p tag and set it to redtext. Next, in the CSS, we added a selector aimed at anything that is the redtext class.
The period is a special character within CSS. When you put it before something, in this case redtext, it denotes that the text after the period is a class name. If there was no period there, the browser would assume it's a tag name, but no such tag name (redtext) exists. So it just wouldn't do anything and the browser would ignore it.
The pound character (#) is also special within CSS. It means id, which is another HTML attribute. The difference between a class and an id is that ids are unique. There can only be one HTML tag with a certain ID. So if you wanted to, you could also write the above problem this way:

<title>this is where the page title would go!</title>

this is just a paragraph on the page

this is just another paragraph on the page

a third paragraph. insanity!

But in that case, you can't use the redtext id again anywhere else! A class you can use over and over, so if you want to make just a couple paragraphs red, you can apply the redtext class where you see fit.
However, just as a teaser, the id attribute is one commonly used by javascript. So don't dismiss it just yet.
Honestly, you now have the basics of HTML and CSS. You should have a good understanding of the syntax of HTML and CSS. I'll give you a few more tips here, but this is now your best resource:
So I told you that all tags have a starting and ending tag... well that was kind of a lie.
Some tags close themselves! Images are the best example. An image, in HTML, you'd think would be added to a page this way:

But it's actually done this way:

That's it! But see, it doesn't have a closing img tag. It just closes itself. Why is it this way? I don't really know. Probably because what could you put inside an image tag?
Anyway, that's important to remember, but only a few tags do this. When you look them up in a reference guide, it'll let you know if it's a self-closing tag. Most are not.

hello!

I've indented it to make it a little easier to see. There's a body tag that holds a div tag. That div tag holds another div tag. That div tag holds a p tag. This is a tree of information! It's a hierarchy.
The first div is a child of the body tag. The body tag is the parent of the first div tag. The second div tag is a child of the first div tag.
So, in CSS, if you wanted to select just the first div tag and make its text red, you could write this: body > div { color: red; }. That would select all div children of the body tag. Get it?
Anyway...
Yes, so far, I've been using keywords for colors. In CSS, you can indeed say red and it'll be valid. But what about a darker shade of red? You can't write darker red in CSS.
You should know right now about hexadecimal color notation... seems strange, but let me explain. It looks like this: #00FF00. That's a hex color. It's a basic way color is described in HTML and CSS.
It's made up of six characters which can be 0-9 and A-F... that makes up hexadecimal stuff. Think of the A-F as if they're numbers beyond 9. Count with me:
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
That's the hex number scale. The lowest value is 0 and the highest value is F.
Okay so let's bring that back to colors.
Hex colors in HTML/CSS are broken up into three bits of two-digit values, signifying red-green-blue. Let's look at the example I just gave you: #00FF00.
So you put all that together and what do you get? Just green. Bright neon green. Here's how you'd use it in CSS:

That code would make every p tag with the greentext class have gaudy green text.
This hex-based color representation is a red-green-blue additive color model. You start at #000000 (black) and end at #FFFFFF (white). In between, to create individual colors, you have to add red green and blue in different amounts.
Here's a good hex color wheel to help you get the feel for it. I use that all the time.
NOTE! You may notice a lot of places talk about "web-safe" hex color codes. This is definitely something you should keep in mind. Every computer and browser renders color differently! Even though it can be very subtle, it's true. A very specific shade of green may look a little different in firefox over safari. There are certain web safe colors which work 99.9% of the time across all browsers. For the most part you don't have to worry about it, though.

<title>this is where the page title would go!</title>

a header!

this is just a paragraph on the page

this is just another paragraph on the page

a third paragraph. insanity! with a link!

Save that in your text editor and open it with a web browser and have a look.
Notes about this example:
The most important note is that this example clearly illustrates the separation of style from structure. You have your CSS up top and your HTML down below. They don't mix as long as they don't need to.
While I've been showing you how CSS should live in the head tag, in practice we actually remove it even further.
Most of the time in an actual webpage, you'll see this:

<title>this is where the page title would go!</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="page.css" />

No style tag there. Just that self-closing link tag which points to another file which holds all that CSS. That CSS file is just another plain text file called page.css, it could look like this:
body {
background-color: #000000;
font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
font-size: 14px;
}
h1 {
font-size: 2em;
}
a:hover {
color: #cccccc;
}
Just all the CSS instructions moved to another file. Nothing too crazy.
Don't worry! All of those instructions will be read by the browser as if you had left them in the same file as the HTML.
But again... this further reinforces the idea of separating style from structure! So much so that the style itself lives in a different file.
There's a lot of buzz going on in the web about HTML5... you've probably heard some of it. About video and no more Flash and so forth.
It's all just hype. What's actually happening is the same thing that always happens: there are new features in the HTML langauge. No big deal.
Nothing is really changing that much. Just now you also have a <video> tag you can use alongside your
 tags. I mean, it's cool, but it's not earth-shattering.
What they are really talking about when you hear HTML5 is the fact that over the past five years or so, developers are gaining more control over the web, and we're trying to make it a better place to work.
Ten years ago, there were two major corporations controlling how the web looked: Microsoft and Macromedia. More specifically, Internet Explorer and Flash.
Both are proprietary, closed, volatile systems that require you to make sacrifices just to use them. You will always hear designers and web developers complain about Internet Explorer because it does not play by the rules. Firefox, Chrome, and Safari are committed to playing by the rules so that you, as a web developer, don't have to worry about whether your CSS style will work across all browsers.
The HTML5 revolution is mostly about making sure everyone plays by the rules so that we can have a better internet. It's about enabling web developers to be more confident about the way they develop.
The reason you should not care is because you are entering a world that is this way. I can tell you war stories of how the web used to be, but that's not the way it is anymore. Enjoy the fact that you can write HTML and CSS and it'll work for 99% of users. Five years ago, it might've only worked for 50%.
That having been said... many of the new features in HTML version 5, like the aforementioned video tag, don't work half the time depending on what browser you're using. But we're moving in the right direction at least. Internet Explorer and Flash aren't in control of it anymore; we are.
So don't worry about HTML5. Here's a kitty, think about that:
So that's the basic-basics. You might have to re-read this a couple times to really let it sink in. But more important than that, you need to build something in order to truly understand it.
I'll keep repeating myself on this point, too: learn how to read documentation and reference guides. No web designer knows 100% of HTML and CSS, but what they do know is how to look it up. Learn that skill early.
So please, make a webpage for yourself! Make it look cool!  It takes time and practice.


Word Solver
go!
TWL
SOWPODS
OSPD4
Loading dictionary (
)
Dictionary is not quite loaded - it is pretty big... (
)
There are too many letters (it's for your browser's own good). The max is
letters, and
wildcards.
Processing...
Processing...


#include <string_ops.h>
Converts each string in the input Tensor to its hash mod by a number of buckets.
The hash function is deterministic on the content of the string within the process.
Note that the hash function may change from time to time. This functionality will be deprecated and it's recommended to use tf.string_to_hash_bucket_fast()
or tf.string_to_hash_bucket_strong()
.
Arguments:
Returns:
Constructors and Destructors |
|
|---|---|
StringToHashBucket(const ::tensorflow::Scope & scope, ::tensorflow::Input string_tensor, int64 num_buckets)
|
Public attributes |
|
|---|---|
operation
|
|
output
|
Public functions |
|
|---|---|
node() const
|
::tensorflow::Node *
|
operator::tensorflow::Input() const
|
|
operator::tensorflow::Output() const
|
|
Operation operation
::tensorflow::Output output
StringToHashBucket( const ::tensorflow::Scope & scope, ::tensorflow::Input string_tensor, int64 num_buckets )
::tensorflow::Node * node() const
operator::tensorflow::Input() const
operator::tensorflow::Output() const


Win Rate
Long Win Rate
Short Win Rate
Profit/Drawdown
Total Trades
Long Trades
Short Trades
Total Orders
Total Profits
Long Profits
Short Profits
Avg Profit
Avg Win
Avg Loss
Avg Win/Avg Loss
Max Win
Max Loss
Max Rise Up
Max Draw Down
commissions
Swaps
| Order Ref | Symbol | Direction | Open Date | Open Price | Close Date | Close Price | Profit | Volume |
|---|


Scaterplot matrix
Presentation of correlations between all pairs of experiments in a matrix order. Each square represents a single correlation between values of a given trait . Narrow ellipses indicate high correlations. Red dot represents the M82


Note: To complete the procedures in this document, you must be assigned a role having the necessary permissions. To determine your role, follow the directions in Participant roles. To view a list of permissions associated with a given role, see Permissions, roles, and tools. For a basic understanding of roles and permissions, see Permissions and Roles: Overview.
In the Gradebook, there are several tables that you can sort in various ways. In any of these tables, simply click the column heading by which you want to sort the table. Subsequently clicking the same column heading will switch the sorting order between ascending and descending.
On the Overview page, you can sort the "Assignments" table by the following:
Title
Due Date
Released to Students
A
(class average score)Points
(points possible)On the Assignment Summary page for a particular assignment, you can sort the "Grading Table" by the following:
Student Name
Student ID
Points
(points earned on the assignment)On the Course Grade summary page, you can sort the "Grading Table" by the following:
Student Name
Student ID
Points
(overall course points earned)Calculated Grade
(Gradebook autocalculated course grade)Grade Override
(overridden course grade)On the Roster page, you can sort the table by the following:
Student Name
Student ID
Assignment Name
(sorted by points earned on the assignment)Cumulative
(overall course points earned)For more information, see Viewing your roster.


This scenario shows different ways to customize individual WinJS.UI.AppBarCommand controls in the WinJS.UI.AppBar.
The Shuffle app bar command toggles on and off. The Play app bar command toggles between Play and Pause. The Accept app bar command uses a custom PNG as an icon.


STUDENT FORM
Enter Roll No
Enter Name
Enter Age
Enter Email Id
Enter Date
MALE
FEMALE
Add
Display
Student Roll NO
Student Name
Student Age
Email Id
Gender
Date
{{i.rollNo}}
{{i.name}}
{{i.age}}
{{i.email}}
Male
Female
{{i.date|date:"short"}}


HTML Template
Here's a basic HTML template page to get you started.
<!DOCTYPE html>

<meta charset="utf-8">

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<title></title>
<meta name="description" content="">

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

<link rel="stylesheet" href="dist/css/main.css" type="text/css">

Skip to content
Navigation content

Hello World!

Add your content here.

The Template Explained
- HTML Language
- The language attribute (
lang
) helps screen-readers and translation software read your site (learn more). Be default, it's set to English. Change it as needed for your local language.
- Chrome Frame
- Sometimes newer versions of IE will use not-so-new versions of their rendering engine. We tell IE to use the latest available version of it's rendering engine, or Chrome Frame if it's installed.
- Mobile Screen Resizing
- Modern mobile browsers often "fake" a desktop sized viewport so that websites that aren't mobile-optimized aren't weirdly zoomed in when you load them. The viewport tag tells browsers that the viewport should be the size of the screen (because our site is mobile-optimize).
- Icons
- The site favicon and touch icons for when people bookmark your site or app on the homescreen of their mobile device. Learn more.
- Old Browser Warning
- A friendly message encouraging visitors on older versions of IE to upgrade their browser. They can still access the site content. It will just look a bit funny.
- Skip Navigation Link
- For better accessibility, this hidden link provides those navigating the site with screen readers and keyboards the ability to skip over the navigation and go straight to the content.
- JavaScript in the Footer
- For faster loading and better site performance, JavaScript files are included in the footer, not the header.
- Google Analytics
- An optimized version of Google Analytics is preloaded for you. Just add your site's ID (or replace the code altogether if you're using another analytics platform). Adapted from HTML5 Boilerplate.


Williams Ranger District to begin burn piles Thursday
by Cydeni CarterWILLIAMS, AZ — The Williams Ranger District of the Kaibab National Forest will begin burn piles Thursday due to recent wet weather.
The fires will begin in the Hardy project area, approximately 10 miles northeast of the City of Williams. Fire personnel plan to burn about 546 acres of piles beside Country Road 141 east of Spring Valley.
The brush pile burns are a part of forest restoration projects to lower forest fuels and improve overall forest health.
Nearby residents can expect no road or trail closures.
Piles typically burn quickly and omit less smoke for a shorter amount of time than larger prescribed broadcast burns.
Although, the Williams Ranger District expects minimal to light smoke and air quality will be monitored closely.
Fire managers will continue to seek opportunities throughout the winter to conduct pile burns as conditions allow.


These days there is also a library routine glob(3) that will perform this function for a user program.
The rules are as follows (POSIX.2, 3.13).
A '?' (not between brackets) matches any single character.
A '*' (not between brackets) matches any string, including the empty string.
Character classes
An expression "[...]" where the first character after the leading '[' is not an '!' matches a single character, namely any of the characters enclosed by the brackets. The string enclosed by the brackets cannot be empty; therefore ']' can be allowed between the brackets, provided that it is the first character. (Thus, "[][!]" matches the three characters '[', ']' and '!'.)
Ranges
There is one special convention: two characters separated by '-' denote a range. (Thus, "[A-Fa-f0-9]" is equivalent to "[ABCDEFabcdef0123456789]".) One may include '-' in its literal meaning by making it the first or last character between the brackets. (Thus, "[]-]" matches just the two characters ']' and '-', and "[--0]" matches the three characters '-', '.', '0', since '/' cannot be matched.)
Complementation
An expression "[!...]" matches a single character, namely any character that is not matched by the expression obtained by removing the first '!' from it. (Thus, "[!]a-]" matches any single character except ']', 'a' and '-'.)
One can remove the special meaning of '?', '*' and '[' by preceding them by a backslash, or, in case this is part of a shell command line, enclosing them in quotes. Between brackets these characters stand for themselves. Thus, "[[?*\]" matches the four characters '[', '?', '*' and '\'.
If a filename starts with a '.', this character must be matched explicitly. (Thus, rm * will not remove .profile, and tar c * will not archive all your files; tar c . is better.)
xv -wait 0 *.gif *.jpg
where perhaps no *.gif files are present (and this is not an error). However, POSIX requires that a wildcard pattern is left unchanged when it is syntactically incorrect, or the list of matching pathnames is empty. With bash one can force the classical behavior using this command:
shopt -s nullglob
(Similar problems occur elsewhere. For example, where old scripts have
rm `find . -name "*~"`
new scripts require
rm -f nosuchfile `find . -name "*~"`
to avoid error messages from rm called with an empty argument list.)
Now that regular expressions have bracket expressions where the negation is indicated by a '^', POSIX has declared the effect of a wildcard pattern "[^...]" to be undefined.
(iii) Ranges X-Y comprise all characters that fall between X and Y (inclusive) in the current collating sequence as defined by the LC_COLLATE category in the current locale.
(iv) Named character classes, like
[:alnum:] [:alpha:] [:blank:] [:cntrl:] [:digit:] [:graph:] [:lower:] [:print:] [:punct:] [:space:] [:upper:] [:xdigit:]so that one can say "[[:lower:]]" instead of "[a-z]", and have things work in Denmark, too, where there are three letters past 'z' in the alphabet. These character classes are defined by the LC_CTYPE category in the current locale.
(v) Collating symbols, like "[.ch.]" or "[.a-acute.]", where the string between "[." and ".]" is a collating element defined for the current locale. Note that this may be a multicharacter element.
(vi) Equivalence class expressions, like "[=a=]", where the string between "[=" and "=]" is any collating element from its equivalence class, as defined for the current locale. For example, "[[=a=]]" might be equivalent to "[aáàäâ]", that is, to "[a[.a-acute.][.a-grave.][.a-umlaut.][.a-circumflex.]]".


Square Role Based Access Control
Square isn’t the typical enterprise software company that we look to for great implementation of EnterpriseReady features. Their flagship product is a Point of Sale (PoS) targeted for small and medium sized businesses. You’ll probably find one of these at your local coffee shop or food truck. But they’ve since built a suite of software products that aim to go beyond just helping merchants accept a credit card, including their Employee Management product that provides time cards and other HR type features. Within this product, they’ve implemented several core enterprise features, and it’s one of the best implementations of Role Based Access Control (RBAC) we’ve seen.
Administrators of a Square PoS will probably have employees interacting with different Square products. Some will need to facilitate transactions with customers; others will need to review reports and transaction history to see how the business is performing. Square allows administrators a lot of flexibility around creating flexible roles with customized permission levels. Additionally, they use these features to create product assortment and charge more to customers who want these features.
Default Roles
Upon creation of a Square account, two default roles are built in (though nearly identical):
- Administrator - Permissions: Full Access
- Owner - Permissions: Full Access
Square defines “Full Access” as:
Employees with this role can manage and access all aspects of your business, including managing employees and their roles, sales reports, and bank account information for all locations. This level of account access should only be granted to your most trusted individuals.
We would suggest that Square create a few more default roles that are common for cashiers, managers, etc.
Roles & Granular Permissions
Administrators also have the ability to create custom roles:
Role Name
When creating a new role, they first assign it a Role Name (i.e., Manager, Cashier). They are completely free to name this whatever they would like.
Access Shared Point of Sale (and modules within PoS)
Once a Role Name is defined, they are then able to toggle whether this Employee has access to the Shared Point of Sale. If they toggle this on, they can grant 19 features of the PoS. This includes the ability for the employee to access Sale Activity, Issue Refunds, Manage Customers, or View Reports.
This level of permission granularity is what makes a powerful RBAC feature set. With 19 permissions that can individually be turned on and off, they theoretically could have an endless supply of roles. This is a massive advancement to Read and Read/Write roles found in most RBAC implementations.
Access Dashboard Feature & Access Mobile Point of Sale
The final two permissions allow an employee to login to Square’s web dashboard via their email and password, along with the Square iOS or Android app.
Creating a New Employee & Assigning a Role
Once you’ve established a role and the level of permissions for that specific role, you can create an employee, or retroactively go back and assign a role. An administrator can change an employees Role at any time.
End User Experience
One important piece of functionality when looking at RBAC is the experience for the end user who has restricted permissions. It’s critical the software informs and directs the user to their level of access and functionality. One component of Square’s software is their web dashboard. When an “employee” is granted access to the dashboard, they receive an email to create their Square account.
Upon account creation, the employee has access to the web dashboard. The next image shows the two dashboards, one with no permissions and one with full permissions.
Dashboard with No Permissions vs Full Permissions
You can quickly see the dashboard with no permissions only allows access to the user’s Account and Settings. This tab only enables the user to update limited Personal Information.
When that same user is granted full permissions, you can see new tabs/functionality appear.
Opportunity for Improvement
For most enterprise applications hiding functionality isn’t the best way to implement RBAC (you could argue that Square isn’t really enterprise software and the end users might be best off without links to functionality they don’t & won’t have access to). A more robust implementation would be allowing the user to see functionality without access and proper messaging. From there, you could provide a “Request Access from Admin” feature. In larger organizations, a feature like this can speed up the process for a user to make sure they have all of the components of the application they need to do their job. When features are hidden, users might simply think the software is lacking capabilities.
Final Thoughts
Square’s interface takes a complex offering and gives an administrator a straightforward way to make sure each employee has access to only the features they need. Square should be inspiration for all software companies looking to make advancements in their RBAC feature set.
This was published on Sep. 19, 2017.
Content Contributors
Is a feature of your app EnterpriseReady?
We'd love to work with you to breakdown your implementation and share it with the EnterpriseReady community.


The Best URL Shortener
Select the desired error correction level for the QR code (allows recovery of up to % data lost)


20 Two Examples Comparing Means
20.1 A Study of Battery Life
Should you buy generic rather than brand-name batteries? Bock, Velleman, and De Veaux48 descibe a designed experiment to test battery life. A (male) student obtained six pairs of AA alkaline batteries from two major battery manufacturers; a well-known brand name and a generic brand, so that battery brand was the factor of interest.
To estimate the difference in mean lifetimes across the two manufacturers, the student kept a battery-powered CD player with the same CD running continuously, with the volume control fixed at 5, and measured the time until no more music was heard through the headphones. (He ran an initial trial to find out approximately how long that would take, so he didn’t have to spend the first 3 hours of each run listening to the same CD.) The outcome was the time in minutes until the sound stopped. To account for changes in the CD player’s performance over time, he randomized the run order by choosing pairs of batteries (the CD-player required two batteries to run) at random.
Here are the results for the 6 brand name and 6 generic tests, in minutes, found in the battery.csv
data file, where run
indicates the order in which the tests were run…
battery <- read_csv("data/battery.csv",
show_col_types = FALSE)
battery
# A tibble: 12 x 4
run test type time
<dbl> <dbl> <chr> <dbl>
1 1 1 brand name 191.
2 2 2 brand name 206.
3 6 3 brand name 199.
4 8 4 brand name 172.
5 9 5 brand name 184
6 12 6 brand name 170.
7 3 1 generic 194
8 4 2 generic 204.
9 5 3 generic 204.
10 7 4 generic 206.
11 10 5 generic 222.
12 11 6 generic 209.
20.1.1 Question 1. What is the outcome under study?
We are studying battery lifetimes (time until the sound stopped) in minutes.
20.1.2 Question 2. What are the treatment/exposure groups?
We are comparing the two brands of batteries: the well-known vs. the generic.
20.1.3 Question 3. Are the data collected using paired or independent samples?
Of course, if we had different numbers of samples in the two groups, then we’d know without further thought that independent samples were required. Since we have 6 observations in the brand name group, and also have 6 observations in the generic group, i.e. a balanced design, we need to pause now to decide whether paired or independent samples testing is appropriate in this setting.
Two samples are paired if each data point in one sample is naturally linked to a specific data point in the other sample. So, do we have paired or independent samples?
- Despite the way I’ve set up the data table, there is no particular reason to pair, say, run #1 (a brand name run) with any particular experimental run in the generic group. So the samples are independent. This is not a matched-pairs design.
- In each trial, the student either used two of the well-known batteries, or two of the generic batteries.
- Any of the tests/confidence intervals for the independent samples methods suggests a statistically significant (at the 5% level) difference between the generic and brand name batteries.
20.1.4 Question 4. Are the data a random sample from the population of interest?
Probably not. The data are likely to come from a convenient sample of batteries. I don’t know how this might bias the study, though. It seems unlikely that there would be a particular bias unless, for example, the well-known batteries were substantially older or younger than the generic.
20.1.5 Question 5. What significance level will we use?
We have no reason not to use a 95% confidence level.
20.1.6 Question 6. Are we using a one-sided or two-sided comparison?
We could argue for a one-sided comparison, but I’ll be safe and use the two-sided version.
20.1.7 Question 9. What does the distribution of outcomes in each group tell us?
ggplot(battery, aes(x = type, y = time, fill = type)) +
geom_jitter(aes(color = type), alpha = 0.75, width = 0.125) +
geom_boxplot(alpha = 0.5) +
coord_flip() +
guides(fill = "none", col = "none") +
labs(title = "Battery Running Time, by Manufacturer",
y = "Running Time (minutes)", x = "Manufacturer")
We can generate histograms, too, but that’s an issue, because we have so few observations.
ggplot(battery, aes(x = time, fill = type)) +
geom_histogram(bins = 6, col = "white") +
facet_wrap(~ type) +
guides(fill = "none") +
labs(title = "Battery Running Time, by Manufacturer")
mosaic::favstats(time ~ type, data = battery)
type min Q1 median Q3 max mean
1 brand name 169.5 175.3 187.35 197.075 205.5 186.8833
2 generic 194.0 203.5 205.00 208.675 222.5 206.5667
sd n missing
1 14.374341 6 0
2 9.366251 6 0
It sure looks like the generic batteries lasted longer. And they also look like they were more consistent. The sample means are 206.6 for the generic group, 186.9 minutes for brand name, so the point estimate of the difference is 19.7 minutes.
The question is: can we be confident that the difference we observe here is more than just random fluctuation, at a 5% significance level?
20.1.8 Inferential Results for the Battery Study
In the table below, I have summarized the two-sided testing results for most of the ways in which we have looked at a two sample comparison so far, with 95% confidence intervals. If the samples really are paired, then we must choose from the paired samples comparisons described in the table. If the samples really are independent, then we must choose from the independent samples comparisons.
20.2 The Breakfast Study: Does Oat Bran Cereal Lower Serum LDL Cholesterol?
Norman and Streiner49 describe a crossover study that was conducted to investigate whether oat bran cereal helps to lower serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic males. Fourteen such individuals were randomly placed on a diet that included either oat bran or corn flakes; after two weeks, their low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, in mmol/l were recorded. Each subject was then switched to the alternative diet. After a second two-week period, the LDL cholesterol level of each subject was again recorded.
breakfast <- read_csv("data/breakfast.csv",
show_col_types = FALSE)
breakfast
# A tibble: 14 x 3
subject cornflakes oatbran
<dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1 1 4.61 3.84
2 2 6.42 5.57
3 3 5.4 5.85
4 4 4.54 4.8
5 5 3.98 3.68
6 6 3.82 2.96
7 7 5.01 4.41
8 8 4.34 3.72
9 9 3.8 3.49
10 10 4.56 3.84
11 11 5.35 5.26
12 12 3.89 3.73
13 13 2.25 1.84
14 14 4.24 4.14
20.2.1 Question 1. What is the outcome under study?
We are studying levels of LDL cholesterol, in mmol/l. Note that if we wanted to convert to a more familiar scale, specifically mg/dl, we would multiply the mmol/l by 18, as it turns out.
20.2.2 Question 2. What are the treatment/exposure groups?
We are comparing subjects after two weeks of eating corn flakes to the same subjects after two weeks of eating oat bran.
20.2.3 Question 3. Are the data collected using paired or independent samples?
These are matched pairs, paired by subject. Each subject produced an oat bran result and a corn flakes result.
20.2.4 Question 4. Are the data a random sample from the population of interest?
Probably not. The data are likely to come from a convenient sample of 14 individuals but they were randomly assigned to cornflakes first or to oat bran first, then crossed over.
20.2.5 Question 5. What significance level will we use?
We have no reason not to use our usual 95% confidence level, so alpha
= 0.05
20.2.6 Question 6. Are we using a one-sided or two-sided comparison?
We could argue for a one-sided comparison, but I’ll be safe and use the two-sided version.
20.2.7 Question 7. Did pairing help reduce nuisance variation?
After we drop the breakfast.csv
file into the breakfast
data frame, we look at the correlation of cornflakes and oatbran results across our 14 subjects.
breakfast %$% cor(cornflakes, oatbran)
[1] 0.9233247
The sample Pearson correlation coefficient is very strong and positive at 0.92, so the paired samples approach will use these data far more effectively than the (incorrect) independent samples approach.
20.2.8 Question 8. What does the distribution of paired differences tell us?
We summarize the distribution of the paired differences (cornflakes - oatbran) below.
The Normal distribution doesn’t look too ridiculous in this case for the paired (cornflakes-oatbran) differences. Suppose we assume Normality and run the paired t test.
t.test(breakfast$cornflakes - breakfast$oatbran)
One Sample t-test
data: breakfast$cornflakes - breakfast$oatbran
t = 3.3444, df = 13, p-value = 0.005278
alternative hypothesis: true mean is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
0.1284606 0.5972537
sample estimates:
mean of x
0.3628571
Based on this sample of 14 subjects in the crossover study, we observe a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the LDL cholesterol levels after eating corn flakes and eating oat bran that is entirely positive, suggesting that LDL levels were detectably higher (according to this t test procedure) after eating corn flakes than after eating oat bran.
20.3 Power, Sample Size and the Breakfast Study
As a preview of what’s next to come, let’s investigate these promising results a bit further. Suppose that in a new study, you wish to be able to detect a difference in LDL cholesterol between two exposures: subjects who eat cornflakes (as in the original study) and subjects who continue to eat cornflakes but also take a supplemental dosage of what you believe to be the crucial ingredient in oatbran.
Suppose you believe that the effect of taking the new supplement will be about half the size of the effect you observed in the original breakfast study on hypercholesterolemic males, but that males generally may be more likely to take your supplement regularly than switch from cornflakes to a less appetizing breakfast choice, making your supplement attractive.
What sample size will be required to yield 90% power to detect an effect half the size of the effect we observed in the breakfast study, in a new paired samples study using a two-tailed 5% significance level? What if we only required 80% power?
20.3.1 The Setup
We want to know n, the minimum required sample size for the new study, and we have:
- A specified effect size of half of what we saw in the breakfast study, where the sample mean difference between cornflakes and oatbran was 0.36 mmol/l, so our effect size is assumed to be
delta
= 0.18 mmol/l. - An assumed standard deviation equal to the standard deviation of the differences in the pilot breakfast study, which turns out to have been s = 0.41 mmol/l.
- We also have a pre-specified
alpha
= 0.05 using a two-tailed test. - We also want the power to be at least 90% for our new study.
20.3.2 The R Calculations
Question 1. What sample size will be required to yield 90% power to detect an effect half the size of the effect we observed in the breakfast study, in a new paired samples study using a two-tailed 5% significance level?
power.t.test(delta = 0.18, sd = 0.41, sig.level = 0.05,
power = 0.9, type="paired", alternative="two.sided")
Paired t test power calculation
n = 56.47119
delta = 0.18
sd = 0.41
sig.level = 0.05
power = 0.9
alternative = two.sided
NOTE: n is number of *pairs*, sd is std.dev. of *differences* within pairs
And so our new study will require at least 57 subjects (each measured in two circumstances, so 114 total measurements) in order to achieve at least 90% power to detect the difference of 0.18 mmol/l while meeting these specifications.
Question 2. What if we were willing to accept only 80% power?
power.t.test(delta = 0.18, sd = 0.41, sig.level = 0.05,
power = 0.8, type="paired", alternative="two.sided")
Paired t test power calculation
n = 42.68269
delta = 0.18
sd = 0.41
sig.level = 0.05
power = 0.8
alternative = two.sided
NOTE: n is number of *pairs*, sd is std.dev. of *differences* within pairs
It turns out that this would require at least 43 subjects.
20.3.3 Independent samples, instead of paired samples?
What would happen if, instead of doing a paired samples study, we did one using independent samples? Assuming we used a balanced design, and assigned the same number of different people at random to either the oatbran supplement or regular cornflakes alone, we could do such a study, but it would require many more people to obtain similar power to the paired samples study.
power.t.test(delta = 0.18, sd = 0.41, sig.level = 0.05,
power = 0.9, type="two.sample", alternative="two.sided")
Two-sample t test power calculation
n = 110
delta = 0.18
sd = 0.41
sig.level = 0.05
power = 0.9
alternative = two.sided
NOTE: n is number in *each* group
In all, 220 people would be required in the independent samples study (110 in each exposure group), as compared to only 57 people (each measured twice) in the paired study.


--- layout: default title: Home ---
An MIT-Licensed template for you to use as a starting point for your own projects.


A custom server side handler named TestHandler is mapped to the topic "/hello/test". Submitting the form will publish your name to the server which will respond with a separate message back to the client to the topic "/server/hello". This example will do an immediate fetch for server based published messages following the form publish. Following is the client side code:
function processHello() { // clear the server messages document.getElementById("serverMessage").innerHTML = ""; // this is to test a custom handler on the server listening for messages on the topic "/hello/test" jmaki.publish('/hello/test', { name : document.getElementById("helloField").value} ); // do an immediate fetch of messages from the server // while this is not required (the polling will pick up the messages) it will make a smoother for the UI jmaki.getExtension("jmaki.communicator").getMessages(); }
The server side code looks like:
package test; import org.jmaki.Handler; import org.jmaki.Message; import org.jmaki.PubSub; import org.json.JSONException; import org.json.JSONObject; public class TestHandler implements Handler { public TestHandler() {} public String processRequest(JSONObject jo) { try { System.out.println("Test Handler was invoked with name: " + jo.getString("name")); PubSub.getInstance().publish(new Message("/server/hello", "Hello " + jo.getString("name"))); } catch (JSONException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } }
A Pojo of the class UserBean is found in the session scope on the server and mapped to listen to messages on "/User/Test1". Submitting the form will update the bean properties on the server and cause a message from the server confirming the update to be published back to the client with the topic "/UserBean/updated" with the server value. This update will rely on the polling of the server to get the latest updates (default polling is 5 seconds). The client side code is as follows:
function processForm() { // clear the server messages document.getElementById("serverMessage").innerHTML = ""; // the server is listening for the topic "/User/test1" and the requrest will be forwarded // to the server via the "jmaki.communicator" extension. jmaki.publish('/User/test1', { name : document.getElementById("nameField").value, phone : document.getElementById("phoneField").value } ); }
The server side bean is:
package test; import org.jmaki.Message; import org.jmaki.PubSub; public class UserBean { protected String name = null; protected String phone = null; public UserBean() {} public String getPhone() { return phone; } public void setPhone(String phone) { this.phone = phone; System.out.println("UserBean: phone has been set to " + phone); } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; System.out.println("UserBean: name has been set to " + name); PubSub.getInstance().publish(new Message("/UserBean/updated", this)); } public String getName() { return name; } }


Before Change
x, wing = check_inputs(x, width)
// Pre-allocate the result array
result = np.empty_like(x)
// Keep a copy of the rolling window in original order; initially fill with
// a mirrored copy of the first "wing" points
window = deque(np.concatenate((x[wing::-1], x[:wing])))
// Also keep a sorted copy of the rolling window values
After Change
x, wing = check_inputs(x, width)
// Pad the edges of the original array with mirror copies
signal = np.concatenate((x[wing-1::-1], x, x[:-wing-1:-1]))
rolled = pd.rolling_median(signal, 2 * wing + 1, center=True)
return rolled[wing:-wing]
def rolling_quantile(x, width, quantile):
Rolling quantile (0--1) with mirrored edges.


protocol
Prolog term utility predicates protocol.
Paulo Moura
1.31
2010/6/9
static, context_switching_calls
(no dependencies on other files)
True if the depth of Term is Depth. The depth of atomic terms is zero; the depth of a compound term is one plus the maximium depth of its sub-terms.
static
depth(Term,Depth)
depth(@term,?integer) – zero_or_one
True if the argument is ground.
static
ground(Term)
ground(@term) – zero_or_one
Creates a new term instance (if meaningful).
static
new(Term)
new(-nonvar) – zero_or_one
True if the variable occurs in the term.
static
occurs(Variable,Term)
occurs(@var,@term) – zero_or_one
The first term subsumes the second term.
static
subsumes(General,Specific)
subsumes(?term,@term) – zero_or_one
The first term is a subterm of the second term.
static
subterm(Subterm,Term)
subterm(?term,+term) – zero_or_more
Term is valid.
static
valid(Term)
valid(@nonvar) – zero_or_one
Checks if a term is valid. Throws an exception if the term is not valid.
static
check(Term)
check(@nonvar) – one
Each term is a variant of the other (i.e. they are structurally equivalent).
static
variant(Term1,Term2)
variant(@term,@term) – zero_or_one
Returns a list of all term variables (ordered as found when doing a depth-first, left-to-right traversal of Term).
static
variables(Term,List)
variables(@term,-list) – one
Returns a list of all term singleton variables (ordered as found when doing a depth-first, left-to-right traversal of Term).
static
singletons(Term,Singletons)
singletons(@term,-list) – one
(none)
(none)


Interior decorators choose the paint color for your wall, while interior designers will knock it down to alter the structure of the room. Interior decorating deals with the look and feel of a room by adding accessories like drapes and rugs; interior designers make the best use of the space.
Interior decorating “dresses” an existing space. It begins with a broad concept, such as postmodern, retro or traditional aesthetics, and works in the details of that style. An interior decorator typically stays with one design style from start to finish to create continuity in a space, and works with you on color selection, textures and patterns you prefer but that are consistent with the overall style concept.


--- layout: post title: Adding tabbed navigation with a helper method using rails. tags: - Coding status: publish type: post published: true meta: _edit_last: "1" --- I am currently building an app that has a tabbed interface. To my surprise I realized that I have never had to code a tabbed application before. I wanted an easy way to add tabs to my rails application. I used a helper method to identify what the currently selected tab is and add an active class to it.
def link_with_active(text, url)
link = link_to text, url
if request.request_uri == url
return '


T
- Contract type class generated by Knit.public abstract class KnitPresenter<T,I> extends java.lang.Object implements PresenterInterface, MessageReceiver
Presenter
and a target view class to be registered with Knit.
All KnitPresenter
s will have a InternalPresenter
counterpart that is actually
used by Knit framework to manage these.
Views that are annotated with KnitView
will automatically have their contracts created
by Knit. Those contracts should be be given to
this class. Contracts will be have all non-android, public & package-private methods of the
view exposed.| Constructor and Description |
|---|
KnitPresenter() |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
protected I |
getAccessor() |
protected KnitNavigator |
getNavigator()
Getter for
this#navigator |
protected java.lang.Object |
getView()
Returns the current view instance.
|
protected T |
getViewWrapper()
Casts then returns contract
this#contract instance. |
protected void |
inputData(java.lang.String data,
java.lang.Object... params)
Used when simply inputting/storing data.
|
protected KnitMessage |
newMessage()
|
void |
onCreate()
Called when entity is first created.
|
void |
onCurrentViewReleased()
When the current view attached to the presenter is killed for any reason, this callback is called.
|
void |
onDestroy()
Called when entity is destroyed.
|
void |
onLoad()
Called when there is enough memory to load back resources that were released inside
this#onMemoryLow() |
void |
onMemoryLow()
Called when Android OS runs low on memory.
|
void |
onReturnToView()
Called when the navigation returns to the current view after initializing another.
|
void |
onViewApplied(java.lang.Object viewObject)
When a view is created/recreated this callback is called and given the instance of that view.
|
void |
onViewPause()
Exposes
Activity.onPause() . |
void |
onViewResult(int requestCode,
int resultCode,
android.content.Intent data)
Exposes
Activity.onActivityResult(int, int, Intent) |
void |
onViewResume()
Exposes
Activity.onResume() . |
void |
onViewStart()
Exposes
Activity.onStart() . |
void |
onViewStop()
Exposes
Activity.onStop() . |
void |
receiveMessage(KnitMessage message)
Callback that receives the sent
KnitMessage . |
protected void |
request(java.lang.String data,
KnitSchedulers runOn,
KnitSchedulers consumeOn,
java.lang.Object... params)
Method call that handles how data requests to the model from the
KnitPresenter are
done. |
protected void |
request(java.lang.String data,
java.lang.Object... params)
Request method with no async support.
|
protected <A> KnitResponse<A> |
requestImmediately(java.lang.String data,
java.lang.Object... params)
Request method with no async support.
|
void |
setKnit(Knit knit) |
boolean |
shouldLoad()
Returns whether this entity recently released it's resources via
this#onMemoryLow() or not. |
public void setKnit(Knit knit)
public void onViewApplied(java.lang.Object viewObject)
PresenterInterface
onViewApplied
in interface PresenterInterface
viewObject
- Created view instance.PresenterInterface
protected java.lang.Object getView()
protected void request(java.lang.String data, KnitSchedulers runOn, KnitSchedulers consumeOn, java.lang.Object... params)
KnitPresenter
are
done.data
- the tag of the data that is requested.runOn
- SchedulerInterface
that this
request task
will be ran on.consumeOn
- SchedulerInterface
that this
request task
will be consumed
on.params
- Extra parameters being passed to the
ValueGenerator
protected void request(java.lang.String data, java.lang.Object... params)
ImmediateScheduler
.data
- data the tag of the data that is requested.params
- Extra parameters being passed to the
ValueGenerator
protected <A> KnitResponse<A> requestImmediately(java.lang.String data, java.lang.Object... params)
data
- the tag of the data that is requested.params
- Extra parameters being passed to the
ValueGenerator
KnitResponse
being returned from the associated
ValueGenerator
.protected void inputData(java.lang.String data, java.lang.Object... params)
protected T getViewWrapper()
this#contract
instance.protected I getAccessor()
protected KnitNavigator getNavigator()
this#navigator
public void onCreate()
MemoryEntity
onCreate
in interface MemoryEntity
MemoryEntity
public void onLoad()
MemoryEntity
this#onMemoryLow()
onLoad
in interface MemoryEntity
MemoryEntity
public void onDestroy()
MemoryEntity
onDestroy
in interface MemoryEntity
MemoryEntity
public boolean shouldLoad()
MemoryEntity
this#onMemoryLow()
or not. If this#onMemoryLow()
is called,
this will return true
. Otherwise will always return false
.shouldLoad
in interface MemoryEntity
this#onMemoryLow()
or not.MemoryEntity
public void onMemoryLow()
MemoryEntity
onMemoryLow
in interface MemoryEntity
MemoryEntity
public void onViewStart()
NativeViewCallbacks
Activity.onStart()
.onViewStart
in interface NativeViewCallbacks
NativeViewCallbacks
public void onViewResume()
NativeViewCallbacks
Activity.onResume()
.onViewResume
in interface NativeViewCallbacks
NativeViewCallbacks
public void onViewPause()
NativeViewCallbacks
Activity.onPause()
.onViewPause
in interface NativeViewCallbacks
NativeViewCallbacks
public void onViewStop()
NativeViewCallbacks
Activity.onStop()
.onViewStop
in interface NativeViewCallbacks
NativeViewCallbacks
public void onCurrentViewReleased()
PresenterInterface
onCurrentViewReleased
in interface PresenterInterface
PresenterInterface
public void onReturnToView()
NativeViewCallbacks
onReturnToView
in interface NativeViewCallbacks
NativeViewCallbacks
public void onViewResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, android.content.Intent data)
NativeViewCallbacks
Activity.onActivityResult(int, int, Intent)
onViewResult
in interface NativeViewCallbacks
NativeViewCallbacks
protected KnitMessage newMessage()
KnitMessage
instance.public void receiveMessage(KnitMessage message)
MessageReceiver
KnitMessage
.receiveMessage
in interface MessageReceiver
message
- message that is sent.MessageReceiver


The Lost Story of the Donauschwaben
Frank Engelmann’s family were Donauschwaben, ethnic Germans, who had lived in Novoselo, in the state of Batschka, Yugoslavia, since 1683. He was born in Augsburg, Germany. His father was a POW in Germany; he spoke six languages and was able to use his authority as a valuable translator to send for his wife and bring her to Germany, where he had an apartment. This is where Frank was born. Frank Engelmann spent many years in three concentration camps run by the Partisans in Yugoslavia before he and his family were finally able to escape and come to America.
After attending school in America, Frank Engelmann spent thirty-two years teaching German and English at Kent Roosevelt High School. He also wrote a book about his and his family’s experiences in the camps, Blondes: Allied Atrocities of World War II. He is now retired and lives in Kent, Ohio.


Dear all, we are releasing the next version of Gecode: Gecode 4.3.3 http://www.gecode.org This release adds support for LNS to FlatZinc, adds support for MiniZinc 2, fixes a number of bugs and adds some new constraints. On our web site, you find source packages, binary packages for Windows and Mac OS, and the full documentation. Cheers, Guido


Walking down the street in West Hollywood one day I spot a sign in a storefront that says 'EXTACY CIGARETTES.' I quickly think, 'Hmm, I wonder what that could be?'  'Where's those 'Extacy Cigarettes'?' I blurted out. He pointed over to a glass display case full of 'Herbal Extacy' cigarettes and pill bottles.
After a few seconds of investigation the clerk comes over and tries to close the deal. 'So you want to buy the cigarettes?' he asked. I asked what they did and he said that he had not used the cigarettes before but his friend tried one of the pills, he giggled as he explained that the man was 'erect all night.' Whatever...the deal was closed and for about five bucks I got a pretty black pack of 'Herbal Extacy' cigarettes with a butterfly on it. I opened it and handed one to my girlfriend.  At the time I shunned the bitter, choking golden leaf so I searched the pack for an ingredients list, no tobacco. I do remember that there were about five or six ingredients, two of them were catnip and skullcap, I can't remember for the life of me what the others were. She handed one to me and I took a drag, I would have to describe the hardly noticable taste as 'extremely light brown,' very pleasant.
After we were done with the first...no effects. Walking down the Blvd, We went through about seven cigaretts with no success. On the eighth I started to feel a little 'out of it' like I would after standing on my head for too long except without the black spots in my vision field. My girlfriend and I began to act more and more childish, but it was probably from the excitement of 'legal extacy' and swarms of tourists which we fought through like trout going upstream. Slowly, distant objects seemed brighter and somewhat blurry, not nearly as strong as shroom effects but noticable enough to keep me believing that it would turn out to be something. Well, it turned out to be nothing.  Might have been hemp paper but I don't know.
All in all it was a waste of perfectly good money.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Use point of sale navigation to the left to find Monetary related API endpoints. or use the far left menu options to find Monetary API functionality directly.


assertXXX()
or fail()
methods that do not have an error message string argument.
An error message on assertion failure may help clarify the test case's intent.
Example:
assertTrue(checkValid());
After the quick-fix is applied:
assertTrue(checkValid(), "|");
The message argument is added before or after the existing arguments according to the used assertions frameworks.


| Service | Price |
|---|---|
| Men's Haircut | $25 |
| Men's Haircut & Shampoo | $30 |
| Women's Haircut | $28 |
| Women's Haircut & Shampoo | $40 |
| Beard & Bang Trim | $15 |
| Women's Hair Color | |
| Retouch | $70 & up |
| Full Color | $90 & up |
| Semi-perm | $60 & up |
| Highlights - Foil | |
| Whole Head | $100 & up |
| Top & Side | $70 & up |
| Top | $50 & up |
| Per Foil | $15 |
| Perm | $90 & up |
| Facial Waxing | $15 per area |
Feel free to make an appointment or walk right in.
603-643-5777
Monday to Friday 9AM - 5PM
*As of 4/5 Thursday Nights Are Available By Appointments*
Saturday 10AM - 2PM


--- layout: default title: Image Overlay description: "" class: sandbox parent: sandbox --- This is a cool big headline


White Papers
Decentralized Decisons
Published 30-Aug-2021
This research paper dives into Decentralized Decisons, a governance mechanism that leverages Choice Coin and the Fortior Voting Protocol to allow organizations to vote in a decentralized manner.
View Paper
Choice Coin White Paper
Published 25-Aug-2021
The Choice Coin White-Paper describes Choice Coin, a new Algorand-Standard-Asset that faciliates democracy and voting. An open-source endeavour, the Choice Coin White-Paper was made possible thanks to the efforts of the Algorand and Choice Coin Community.
View Paper
Smart Contracts on Algorand
Published 16-Jul-2021
This research paper is the first of a few that will explain in detail our work and deveopment. It introduces a new of type of smart-contract (Algogenous Smart Contracts) and also references Choice Coin. The official Choice Coin white-paper will go into more detail.
View Paper


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Bob Nilson at Jul 25, 2012 11:09 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.
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Bob Nilson at Jul 25, 2012 11:09 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.
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Bob Nilson at Jul 25, 2012 11:09 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.
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Bob Nilson at Jul 25, 2012 11:09 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.
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Bob Nilson at Jul 25, 2012 11:09 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.
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Bob Nilson at Jul 25, 2012 11:09 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.


--- title: A quote from _why date: 2009-01-23 15:00:37 +1100 modified: 2009-01-24 02:00:37 +1100 uid: http://paul.annesley.cc/articles/2009/01/23/why-x86 layout: post ---
On a related note, I would like to say something to all of the parties working on languages atop abstracted runtimes, such as the JVM and .Net and Parrot.
The first thing is: you should try targetting x86. It's very popular!
— why the lucky stiff, potion INTERNALS


Choose a Mars Rover, a Camera view, and a date (see input dropdowns) and clich the "search" button. You can save images by creating a username, then checking "submit" next to the images you like. Your favorites can be returned on the Favorites page by re-entering your username.
Facts about Mars and the Mars Rover
How long is one Mars year?
A Mars day is called a sol. One Mars sol is 24 hours, 39 minutes and 35.244 seconds. One Mars year is 687 Earth days or 1.9 Earth years.
What is the temperature on Mars?
The surface temperature of Mars is -153 to 20 degrees Celsius
Does Mars have a moon?
Earth has one moon, but Mars has two. Their names are Phobos and Deimos.
Does Mars have mountains?
Yes! Mars is the home of the tallest mountain in the Solar System, Olympus Mons.
When was Mars first discovered?
Mars was first discovered by Egyptian astronomers in 2nd millineum BC (between 2000 BC and 1001 BC).
How many missions have there been to Mars?
There have been over 40 missions to Mars. Only 18 have been successful.
What's something that is unique about the Mars rover?
Lasers! On top of Curiosity’s “neck and head” is the ChemCam, which contains a laser capable of vaporizing items found on the Martian landscape — like rocks, soil, solids (or Martians) — from a distance of up to 23 feet. The vaporized substance is then analyzed to see if it is worth further study. ChemCam will help NASA “characterize” the geology of Mars, check for evidence of past habitability, assess the “biological potential” of parts of Mars, and determine whether or not the soil of Mars is toxic to Earthlings.
Is the Mars rover as fast as a jet?
Nooooooo. Curiosity will have an average speed of between 0.00018 mph and 0.00073 mph (1.5 to 6 miles a year). Even on a long day, Curiosity will only travel about 600 feet.
Is Curiosity powerful?
Yes and no. The iPhone in your pocket has at least 4 times the computing power of Curiosity, which packs a mere 200MHz CPU, to the iPhone's 800MHz CPU. Further, Curiosity packs just 256MB of RAM and 2GB of on-board storage space. The iPhone has 512MB of RAM and up to 64GB of storage. However, Curiosity has multiple computers in case one breaks, all of which are capable of withstanding massive amounts of radiation an iPhone would not survive.
How did Curiosity get to Mars in the first place?
Curiosity had a rough journey to get to Mars and there was never a guarantee it would arrive. Below is a video of its journey to Mars.
Does Curiosity have a birthday?
Yes. Its birthday was August 5, 2012. For its first Birthday, Curiosity sang itself a lonely happy birthday song. Millions of Earthlings were sad that Curiosity was all alone. However, Curiosity runs on a nuclear battery that turns heat into electricity, and the rover will eventually die. In the scientific world, there is no value in songs, so its vibration unit has been reprogrammed for scientific data collection. If you would like to hear Curiosity sing Happy Birthday, watch the video below.
Team Nitrogen
Charlie Heiner
I appreciate the Universe most by getting away from the city and into nature with my camera. It's not as easy these days while learning to code with a new one at home, but my supportive, beautiful wife and two amazing children make it very worthwhile. The eclipse this year was such an incredible reminder of how vast the Universe really is.
Liz Petersen
When I was 11, I wanted to be an astronaut. That dream quickly changed with the onset of the teen years and a driver’s license. A graphic and web designer by training, I am currently studying software development at Alchemy Code Lab in Portland, OR. Hobbies include riding my motorcycle to beautiful places, nature photography, hiking, and camping. I'm a plant nerd, parent of one, and practitioner of mindful communication. The farthest reaches of space have continued to hold my interest, and I have been totally excited working on this project.
Carmen Perezchica
Mars lover and enthusiast who has dreamed of blasting off planet Earth to Mars since the age of 3. If they open up applications to Elon Musk's Tesla trip to Mars, I will be the first to sign up myself, my husband, and two stellar kids. My coding breaks often involve viewing photos of Mars.
Katlyn Tucker
I enjoy warping time and space while learning to speak in code. Although not an astronaut, I watched two space shuttle launches in person. I almost applied to the program to colonize Mars, but leaving behind my two teens, friends and family and never returning to Earth was the dealbreaker. In my free time, I take photos, make jewelry and hang out with my kids, where we often sit and watch the Universe.
Charlie Heiner
I appreciate the Universe most by getting away from the city and into nature with my camera. It's not as easy these days while learning to code with a new one at home, but my supportive, beautiful wife and two amazing children make it very worthwhile. The eclipse this year was such an incredible reminder of how vast the Universe really is.
Liz Petersen
When I was 11, I wanted to be an astronaut. That dream quickly changed with the onset of the teen years and a driver’s license. A graphic and web designer by training, I am currently studying software development at Alchemy Code Lab in Portland, OR. Hobbies include riding my motorcycle to beautiful places, nature photography, hiking, and camping. I'm a plant nerd, parent of one, and practitioner of mindful communication. The farthest reaches of space have continued to hold my interest, and I have been totally excited working on this project.
Carmen Perezchica
Mars lover and enthusiast who has dreamed of blasting off planet Earth to Mars since the age of 3. If they open up applications to Elon Musk's Tesla trip to Mars, I will be the first to sign up myself, my husband, and two stellar kids. My coding breaks often involve viewing photos of Mars.
Katlyn Tucker
I enjoy warping time and space while learning to speak in code. Although not an astronaut, I watched two space shuttle launches in person. I almost applied to the program to colonize Mars, but leaving behind my two teens, friends and family and never returning to Earth was the dealbreaker. In my free time, I take photos, make jewelry and hang out with my kids, where we often sit and watch the Universe.
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