--- title: TERRA [IN]FIRMA subtitle: An architecture of extraction. section_id: work category_id: architecture project_id: thesis type: thesis year: 2017 for: m.arch I site: johannesburg team: andrew witt (advis) images: - link: /images/architecture/thesis/model_1.jpg - link: /images/architecture/thesis/model_2.jpg - link: /images/architecture/thesis/model_3.jpg ---
1
CAPITAL, COMMODITY, AND INFRASTRUCTURE
The narrative of post-industrial capital, in so far as it is capable of transforming at scale the material landscape of wealth into self- reinforcing structures of organization and power, is reaching a critical point with the advent of modern urbanization. As succinctly surmised by Mark Weiser in his 1991 essay in Scientific American, “the most profound technologies are those that disappear...they weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it”. Contemporary infrastructures in this sense are radically reshaping the processes, politics, and aesthetics of commodification and commodity fetishization that have been the hallmark of capital accumulation in the 20th century. In looking at the material foundation of capital and currency following the industrial revolution, this thesis nosedives into the relationship between power, capital, and the built environment through a case study of the global dynamics surrounding the implementation of the gold standard in the early 1800’s, and the unprecedented metamorphosis of Johannesburg’s urban landscape that resulted in the following century.
1.01Value, in perpetuity
To situate the terms ‘capital’, ‘commodity’, and ‘infrastructure’ within a Marxist framework, capital is defined as the accumulation of wealth specifically through the process of circulation - a dynamic driven by the difference between a commodity’s use value and its exchange value. The capitalist then understands this value as being in constant motion, where profit is generated through perpetual reinvestment and consequent augmentation of exchange value. The nature of this value-added exchange is then contextualized through how one chooses to define the term ‘commodity’; and indeed, the chasm between commodity as it first appears in Das Kapital and as it is currently understood in the global markets is quite extensive. To Marx, commodity was “an object outside us, a thing that by its properties satisfies human wants of some sort or another”, and where “the nature of such wants, whether, for instance, they spring from the stomach or from fancy, makes no difference...neither are we here concerned to know how the object satisfies these wants, whether directly as means of subsistence, or indirectly as means of production”. This definition is metaphysical in disposition, and is concerned less with the tangible qualifications by which a specific externality is commodified than it is with the understanding that commodification is a process implicitly tied to human desire. As such, desire being a fickle beast, the commodity is monadic as a unit endowed with perceptual virtue, and it is this appended quality that gains in value through transformations of exchange by social and political forces.
1.02Consumptive futures
Contemporary economics, however, defines the commodities trade far more tangibly: such objects are typically uniform in pricing across many markets, are used in the production of othergoods, and can be extracted or grown and traded in sufficiently high quantities. These traits allow them to support extremely liquid markets in which futures and options are often sold to protect both producers and consumers against fluctuations in price. In this context, the commodity necessarily exists on a global scale, and its value in trade is defined not by a consistent growth in exchange value but rather by the ease with which they can be converted into money through their use in other, more refined products. Thus cocoa, copper, wheat, oil, and coal qualify whereas diamonds, due to their inconsistencies in quality, and natural gas, due to its predisposition for price determination through long term regional contracts, do not. The modern commodity exists in material form only briefly; its primary purpose is to be liquidated as quickly as possible for as much as possible. The selling of futures - the functional equivalent of the Marxist exchange value - is now complete in its disembodiment from the physical realities of the object itself, acting as a stand-in independent from the actual volume of material being extracted or produced. Where the Marxist perspective portrays the commodity as an object with appended metaphysical value, in perpetual circulation, the economics of today suggest they are transient one-way pipelines from production at scale to diversified, globalized consumption.
1.03Material mediators
In this discourse, the term ‘infrastructure’ exists purely in relation to the flows that enable capital accumulation through the production and consumption of commodities. Maria Kaika and Erik Swyngedouw identify technological networks as the “material mediators between nature and the city; they carry the flow and process of transformation of one into the other”. The process of assigning market relations to socially metabolized goods is fundamentally dependent on the process of fetishization, which in the Marxist sense is the quantification of the qualitative that allows for abstraction to take over. The fetishized commodity supplies its own ideology in the market, and allows for augmentations of its exchange value without revealing the socioenvironmental circumstances of its production.
1.04First monumental, then mundane
Commodity fetishism in the modern era merged economics, politics, and culture to materially enact an ideology of progress, resulting in behemoth infrastructures which served as monuments to engineering and technological progress. In the span of a decade from 1904-1914, the construction of the Panama Canal resulted in the excavation of more than 130 million cubic meters of earth. The Great Depression gave birth to the Hoover Dam, impounding Lake Mead for hydroelectric power and containing more than 3.3 million cubic meters of concrete. These megastructures operated at a scale unfathomable to the human body, iconic in both size and impact. With the abandonment of this techno-optimist ideology following the abysmal living conditions characteristic of post-industrial cities and the mechanical destruction of the two world wars, came the erasure of urban networks from visible, physical space; a transition from the monumental to the mundane. Contemporary urban infrastructures are invisible: pipes, cables, electronic waves that sever the connection between the social transformation of nature and the process of urbanization. In this sense, physical infrastructures are the residue, the material byproducts of the process of capitalism, viewed only as instruments in the service of additional value extraction, and can be extended to include the material city itself - and embedded in this material manifestation are power dynamics which facilitate the flow of capital, often in service of those with purchasing wealth. In our globalized economy, these flows transcend geographic and political boundaries, directionally fixed from sites of extraction to territories of mass consumption.
1.05Infrastructure in motion
Here we stumble upon a fundamental paradox of capital as it relates to infrastructure: how does one
reconcile the dynamism of capital in perpetual motion and fluctuation with infrastructur that is
static and immobile in space? One could argue that this tension manifests as the creative destruction
of the built environment and ceaseless restructuring of scale economies, characteristic of the
cityscape in advanced capitalism. Instability, in the urban context, thus occurs when a paradigm shift
in capital flow commands a radical restructuring of the physical infrastructures that must adjust to
enable its realization. From this several questions arise: how does the erratic flow of capital affect
the colonization of nature? How can one intervene in the static, built environment to influence these
flows, either to stabilize or stimulate its corresponding capitalist system? How will infrastructure’s
legacy manifest itself both materially and aesthetically upon future cityscapes?
Identifying infrastructures as being primary, secondary, or tertiary respective to its corresponding
role in extraction, commodification, and information distribution, then commodification with the
emergence of late capitalism shows tertiary infrastructures with ever increasing scale and scope,
inversely related to their presence in physical space. The long timescales and inertia of built
infrastructure, when contrasted with the immediacy and rapid evolution of digital information and
boom/bust cycles poses significant point of investigation for this project. In looking at the
post-industrial evolution of currency from the gold standard to the digital, we can perhaps draw some
conclusions about how modern societies can develop resiliency in the face of rapid capital flows as we
mature through the age of information.
1.06The Gold Standard
Arguably the most classically transformative paradigm shift in the history of currency, the
establishment of a formal gold standard among the major trading nations during the 19th century reveal
the scale and scope to which capital flows can reshape the urban and its subsidiary landscape. Gold has
existed as a form of currency since as early as 610BC, but it wasn’t until the era of colonization and
rapidly expanding global markets that the metal became incongruously cumbersome to transport across
vast distances. Where before the value of the gold coin was embedded in the material of the coin
itself, the introduction of the gold standard allowed for a more efficient representation of value - in
this case, paper currency - that was still fixed upon some definite quantity of gold.
This new mode of representation not only facilitated the global trade by establishing trust between
governments which could redeem any amount of paper money for its value in gold, but it also kickstarted
a global feedback loop between gold mines, gold markets, and government. Burgeoning multinational trade
heightened demand for gold to back the standards in the US and Europe, especially gold which could be
mined as cheaply as possible to maximize the profits of colonizing nations. In turn, as their wealth
grew so too did the volume of trade, propelling the demand for gold ever higher. Britain was the first
to adopt a gold specie standard in 1821, followed by the United States and Germany in 1873.
1.07Critical instabilities
This system, however, proved unstable as each injection of new gold into these economies also meant a
drop in the value of gold and their corresponding currencies. Instability reached critical thresholds
with the advent of the first world war, when the standard was suspended to enable bulk printing of
paper currency to fund military involvement - instigating a period of hyperinflation as the value of
currency was no longer stabilized to a regulated material form. The standard failed once again during
the Great Depression, as investors began trading in currencies which subsequently raised the value of
gold and promoted widespread hoarding during the fallout of trust in American banking institutions
following the stock market crash. An equally powerful counterswing instigated by Roosevelt, in an
attempt to stymy depletion, then resulted in the largest global consolidation of gold stock in the
Federal Reserve. Because of this majority share, the US dollar had become the de facto world currency
by the 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement, which fixed all exchange values in terms of gold.
This marked the beginning of a new dynamic in gold’s role as a commodity: where before its use value
lay in the ease with which it could be liquidated (exchanged for cash), this function has now been
replaced by cash itself. Instead of stockpiling gold, other countries began stockpiling the US dollar,
thus turning a paper currency into a commodity, where its value is not fixed to some quantifiable
material but rather to the scale and scope in which it is used. Though the gold standard officially
ended on August 15, 1971 when the ballooning value of the US dollar due to its role as the linchpin
of the world economy could no longer be backed by its gold reserves, and the Fed could no longer
redeem dollars with gold, the metal continues to embody an asset of real value in the global social
conscience, as exemplified in its purchase during periods of recession and inflation.
2
CITY OF GOLD
The ramifications of a globalized gold market as geopolitical infrastructure at the source of extraction and production are profound. A fascinating dive into the gold supply chain during the first four decades of the 20th century pinpoint the Transvaal region of South Africa as the supplier of 35% of the world’s gold production, and the approximately 50,000 tons of gold extracted since the end of the 19th century account for almost half of all gold ever mined through the course of human history. The transformations in this area, in particular the rapid conversion of a primarily agrarian society into the largest and richest metropolis of South Africa and the violence exacted upon its land and people, are inextricably tied to the politics behind the establishment and subsequent turbulences of the gold standard.
2.01As Above, So Below
In the summer of 1886, prospectors struck gold on a small farm called Langlaate. This was the
Witwatersrand Reef, which extends east-west for 400 kilometers and runs for some 5,000 meters below
ground. Soon prospectors and migrant workers came and set up small mining camps wherever gold was
struck, and Langlaate merged with clusters of other camps to form what is now the city of Johannesburg.
Growth was explosive: in the year following discovery, the Reef in its entirety was estimated to
contain some 7,000 people, less than half of which lived in Johannesburg itself. Not four years later,
Johannesburg’s population had multiplied ten-fold, and by 1891 approximately 102,000 people resided in
the city. The circumstances of Johannesburg’s formation, and the exponential growth that followed, is
written permanently into the urban fabric. Previous gold discoveries in the Transvaal were all alluvial
and thus transient in nature, and so the original subdivision of land in Johannesburg’s first camp
clusters were closely spaced, typical of 19th century mine camp planning. By the time it became known
that the Reef ran both deep and wide, the burgeoning class of migrant workers had already drawn lawyers,
shopkeepers, and traders that converted the camps into more permanent buildings, crystallizing the
original partition scheme into what is now Johannesburg’s central business district.
Transportation and other infrastructures materialized quickly within this period, with piped water,
electricity, and telephones appearing in the first two years, and South Africa’s first railway system
inaugurated by the beginning of 1890. Initially servicing the predominant east-west run of the Reef,
these infrastructures soon had to negotiate the mining waste dumps, sometimes deposited just meters
away from the mine entrances due to the initial ad hoc zoning restrictions, that resulted from a shift
into deep-level mining after surface outcrops ran low. The problem of waste was further exacerbated by
the low grade ore that characterized much of the Witwatersrand Reef, with some companies producing up to
200,000 times as much waste as gold: an issue that only worsened as time progressed and deeper
excavations were made to reach new deposits.
2.02Landscapes of waste
Today, south African mining companies remove up to 7,500 tons of earth to produce one standard gold
bar’s worth of product. Put into perspective, given that Johannesburg roughly produced a hypothetical
40% of the gold in the US reserve at its peak, the equivalent waste mound would cover the entire
footprint of Central Park with the height of One World Trade Center, four times over. As railway and
automobile infrastructures continued to mature over the next few decades, connecting the sites of gold
extraction with the major ports of South Africa for export, the tight weave of transit networks and
waste formed a permanent and prominent belt along the east-west axis of the city and its subjugate
landscape, splitting it into two distinct, unequal halves.
The material residue of gold mining in Johannesburg in turn shaped the geospatial division of
socio-economic class, as delineated through the restructuring of power during the Second Boer War in
1899 and the apartheid era politics that followed. At the crux of these political upheavals was a
fundamental economic problem: how to make the low grade ore profitable? Deep-level mining required
advanced knowledge and expensive machinery, which shifted the landscape of extraction from small-scale
manual panning by opportunists at the onset to large-scale mining operations often owned by wealthy
corporations abroad. As the extent of Witwatersrand Reef became clear, so too did political tensions
over who would gain control of the lucrative resource, especially with the adoption of the gold
standard. Established by the Boers after Great Britain annexed their Cape Colony during the Napoleonic
Wars, the Transvaal and Orange Free State initially drew many foreigners to its borders with the
discovery of diamonds at Kimberley in 1866. Soon after the discovery of gold in 1886, the Boers
understood that they lacked both the manpower and the industrial expertise to develop the resource,
and so reluctantly allowed the immigration of foreigners, called uitlanders, to the Transvaal. Many of
these immigrants were English-speaking men from Britain, and soon their population challenged and
potentially exceeded that of the original Boer settlers, which precipitated tensions between the two
groups. In part driven by expansionist ideology, a notable proponent of which was mining magnate and
early gold investor Cecil Rhodes, as well as attempts to obtain full voting rights for the uitlanders,
the British attempted to raid the city in 1895 and finally gained control of the Transvaal and its
allied Orange Free State in 1902.
2.03Labor politics
With political ownership of Johannesburg’s gold established, it became clear that a profitable
enterprise would not have been possible without an abundance of cheap, unskilled labor from
disenfranchised migrant workers. The gold standard meant that pricing was internationally controlled,
and so any increases in operational costs could not be passed down to consumers through price
increases. The United States and other major European powers were major gold importers, and it was
also in their best interests to keep the price of gold low; thus, maintaining a constant supply of
cheap labor became a primary focus for both the Boer and British governments as well as the mine
owners. The following decades oversaw the political, social, and economic control of a huge
population of black Africans for this singular purpose. Through governmental and white acquisition of
land, harsh property taxes, and militaristic destabilization of neighboring African nations, the
development of the mining industry destroyed independent farming as a way of life and completely
reconfigured the socioeconomic structures of South Africa. A host of governmental policies spanning
the first four decades of the 20th century, ranging from the criminalization of job desertion and the
issuance of black passes to municipal segregation and the prohibition of blacks from buying or renting
land outside of designated zones, were put in place to prevent upward mobility and to promote
unemployment among the native African communities.
These policies also, by necessity due to the growing ratio of poor black laborers to white owners and
officials that by 1913 already more than doubled, created a distinct spatial separation of the groups
by discouraging interracial interaction outside of the mines themselves - a spatial pattern strongly
reinforced during the Apartheid era that followed. By the 1930’s, various black-only townships were
established on cheap land as a result of forced reallocation. Until that point, the lack of adequate
housing for Johannesburg’s vast working class resulted primarily in underserved, mixed-race
shantytowns near the city center that have been earmarked for removal. The Great Depression then
sparked a period of brief economic expansion, when the price of gold shot up due to the increase of
global demand with the abandonment of the gold standard, providing the South African government with
the funds necessary to separate and reallocate entire populations of black laborers. The largest
resettlement became what is today the township of Soweto, located just south of the central business
district, downwind from the massive mine dumps that divided the city. Here, land was cheap due to the
lack of transportation infrastructure, and as a result of the environmental hazards of living near
toxic waste dumps.
The next decades of Apartheid reinforced this pattern of isolating the wealthy, predominantly white
community into well serviced and well developed urban areas upwind of the waste belt, and relegating
the poor, black working class to sprawling shantytowns south - sometimes on top of the mounds
themselves. And just as racial segregation was territorialized within the urban and periurban areas,
the separation between urban and rural also became incredibly pronounced: stripping agricultural land
of its male workers and leaving their families to be supported by low mine wages in effect created a
dynamic where mine profits are maximized by policies that caused long term rural underdevelopment and
poverty still in existence today.
2.04Material erasure
South Africa’s economy, created from and dependent upon its gold mines, is now suffering from exhausted
deposits, increasingly expensive excavations, and extreme groundwater and air pollution from the
resulting waste. The large mining monopolies of the 20th century have dissolved into smaller South
African enterprises that, with new and more advanced refinement technology, have begun to re-mine the
waste dumps which contain small particulate gold unsuccessfully harvested in the century prior. Where
the original commodification process left distinct spatial geographies as delineated by these waste
dumps, their removal will instigate new dynamics within the urban and periurban fabric. Without process
regulation, all of the generated wealth will continue to flow into global markets while the original
mounds will be processed outside of the city and dumped in the periurban territory south of the low
income communities. Due to the waste belt’s proximity to the central business district, and with the
removal of waste leading to more favorable living conditions, the real estate value of the land will
rapidly increase and the nearby communities will gentrify. This land will most likely be developed into
higher income housing, and with the absence of biohazard waste to keep landvalue low, new urban lines
will be drawn as the previous poor communities who lived on and around the mounds will eventually
relocate even further outside the city to south of the new waste mounds.
Here is an opportunity for policy regulation and the built environment to respond to such a large
scale re-extraction of natural resources: by fixing the waste in place and rehabilitating it, this
power dynamic would be stabilized to create value for the poor communities while providing a buffer
for the rich, thus generating a more even distribution of wealth between the two communities while
maintaining urban densities. Thus the lesson from Johannesburg is through the material regulation of
extractive processes to fix them in place, which would reduce the turbulence of the existing
socioeconomic geography. By keeping the waste dumps where they are, but allowing for in situ
infrastructural construction within them, the waste belt would be less of a wall and more of a
mediator between the existing communities. The original infrastructural problem was a direct result
of Johannesburg’s rapid materialization, at enormous scales due to global demand for gold. To avoid
this mistake again, one must phase the remining process and allow it to happen heterogeneously
through space and time.
2.05Resilient futures
The instability of the gold standard is at its core based on the nature of commodification, where the
separation of use value and exchange value enables a flip flopping between their relative strengths.
The emergence of a gold standard thus coincided with the carving of new geographies of power, and each
subsequent turbulence in value reverberated down its infrastructural pipelines to its territories of
extraction and production. To effect change and to build resiliency into existing infrastructures, one
must regulate the process by which material extraction proceeds into capital.
What can we learn from the infrastructural instabilities in Johannesburg as a result of the capital
flow during the gold standard? In order to prevent the ad hoc rapid remining and large-scale
redevelopment processes from destabilizing the socioeconomic structure of the city, one potential
solution is to allow for the phasing of remining to occur concurrently with development at various
stages over time, while also regulating the process to happen heterogenously in space. The era of
centralized infrastructure is coming to an end; material stability must begin to rely on the
redundancies of distributed systems to survive our faster future.
3
A MANIFESTO
“Isaura, city of the thousand wells, is said to rise over a deep, subterranean lake. On all sides,
wherever the inhabitants dig long vertical holes in the ground, they succeed in drawing up water,
as far as the city extends, and no farther. Its green border repeats the dark outline of the buried
lake; an invisible landscape conditions the visible one; everything that moves in the sunlight is
driven by the lapping wave enclosed beneath the rock’s calcareous sky.”
- Italo Calvino, Invisible Cities
As systems-based thinking gradually reforms the domain of technical knowledge in the 21st century,
architects largely continue to abstract the building as an object unto itself: distinct from and not
beholden to the processes, materials, people, and consumptive forces with which every built structure
is in dialogue. This erasure of material memory leads to an accumulation of infrastructural residue
as old systems pass into obsolescence and extractive violence upon the landscape begins anew, leaving
behind an unintentional city and blind inhabitants.
Birthed upon gold reefs, their mined detritus monumental within the urban fabric, Johannesburg is
perfectly situated to negotiate processes of extraction with those of construction as these artificial
mountains are now being hydrologically excavated for redevelopment. This project is a functional
choreography of the regimens found in everyday life with the infrastructure of resource production -
of water and gold - upon which these rituals are built, in an attempt to materialize through
architectural agency the conditions of extraction that are typically unseen.


Showcase Cinemas becomes second chain to ban Blue Story after mass brawl
Showcase Cinemas has become the second chain to pull gangland movie Blue Story from its venues after a mass brawl broke out in Birmingham.
Over the weekend Vue Cinemas decided to remove the film from 91 of their outlets, sparking accusations of ‘blatant racism’ on social media.
The company said they wanted to protect the ‘safety and welfare’ of customers after a mass brawl broke out in the Star City entertainment complex on November 23.
Around 100 people were involved in the incident, with Birmingham Police seizing two machetes and a knife.
Five teenagers were arrested, including a 13-year-old girl, while seven officers sustained injuries at the scene.
Blue Story depicts the lives of two friends growing up in rival south London postcodes.
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The film is rated 15 and warns of very strong language, strong violence, threat, sex, and drug misuse.
Writer and director Rapman, real name Andrew Onwubolu, said on Sunday: ‘It’s truly unfortunate that a small group of people can ruin things for everybody.
‘Blue Story is a film about love not violence.’
Yesterday the phrase ‘No Blue No Vue’ began trending on Twitter as social media users voiced their outrage at the film’s ban.
Adefolahan Oshinloye, a business professional in corporate law, described the ban as ‘institutional racism in practice’.
He told Metro.co.uk: ‘The fact that the perpetrators of the violence were not even from the Black British community – although annoying – is less important than the fact that for some reason Vue has seen fit to punish the creators of Blue Story for the actions of others.
‘Had the violence been committed by black children, it would still not be a good enough reason to issue a blanket ban of a film that promotes an anti-gang violence message at its core.
‘There are clearly issues with youth violence in Birmingham, as there are across the country. It is clearly not race specific, but largely denotes the socio-economic problems across the nation.’
A Vue spokesperson has refuted allegations of racism, stating: ‘The safety and welfare of our customers and staff is always our first priority.
‘We are saddened to have had to take this step, which is not made lightly, particularly as the film itself seeks to strike a strong message against violence.’
Advertisement Advertisement
A spokesperson for Showcase confirmed that Blue Story has been removed from ‘all of participating cinemas’.
They continued: ‘Any guests that have purchased tickets in advance can receive a full refund at the cinema box office.
‘We remain in discussions with the distributor with regards to the possibility of re-introducing the film in due course.
‘We apologise for any inconvenience but guest safety remains our top priority.’
Got a story for Metro.co.uk?
Get in touch with our news team by emailing us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>For more stories like this, check our news page.


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Helps to plot particle distributions correctly. More...
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
Go to the source code of this file.
Functions | |
| std::vector< double > | histogram_1D (size_t n, const std::vector< double > &xs) |
Helps to plot particle distributions correctly.
Particle distribution can have singularity (e.g., , ), and drawing the distribution by counting particles in the bins of the same size is not good in this case. This file proposes histogram_1D
function which finds the boundaries of bins (of different sizes) which are the most appropriate for the drawing of the particle distribution: near the singularity the bins are thinner than in the regions of small values of the distribution function, and the relative error of the counted distribution function is the same for all the bins.
| std::vector<double> histogram_1D | ( | size_t | n, |
| const std::vector< double > & | xs | ||
| ) |
This function places the bin boundaries such that the number of particles is n
in every bin, (thus N % n
particles are dropped from the consideration, where N = xs.size()
the overall number of particles). The positions of the leftmost and the rightmost boundaries are slightly shifted from minimum and maximum of the considered x
values such that for all the bins the distribution function can be computed from the position of the left and the rignt bin boundaries and as
The complexity of this function is (operations).
| n | desired number of particles per bin |
| xs | coordinates of particles |


Water Taxi
Kayaking
Canyoning
Abel Tasman Escape offers a one-stop-shop for your trip in the beautiful Abel Tasman National Park. We have a wide range of water-based activities for any age group. From canyoning in the luscious Torrent Bay River to Kayaking the serene waters of Anchorage Bay, where you will see the Water Taxi’s waiting to take you home. Don’t forget to keep an eye out for the seal pups and dolphins keeping our shorelines full of marine life, especially in the Tonga reserve.
Established in 1942, the Abel Tasman is New Zealand’s most popular national park. There is archaeological evidence to show the Abel Tasman was occupied by Maori around 700 years ago. The Abel Tasman Park was formed on the 16th of December 1942, 300 years to the day since Abel Tasman visited the area. Formation of the Abel Tasman National Park was largely due to the efforts of Mrs Perrine Moncrieff. The area already had several small scenic reserves at Fisherman and Adele Islands, Torrent Bay, Sandfly Bay and the area between Awaroa and Totaranui.
An overnight kayak trip is likely be the most amazing experience you will ever have in the outdoors. Paddling along the Abel Tasman coastline during the day and then pulling your kayak up onto a beach to camp for the night is simply magical. Most kayaking trips leave from Marahau or use a water taxi to deliver your kayak to your starting point. Abel Tasman Escape is one of the longest standing kayaking companies in the Abel Tasman.
We are fortunate to have amazing granite canyons beautifully sculpted by crystal clear water and surrounded by stunning native bush. Being located in the tropical north of the South Island means we’re far away from freezing cold rivers fed by snow melt. The Abel Tasman National Park has picture perfect golden sand beaches, turquoise waters and plenty of wildlife. Where else can you start and finish an exciting canyoning trip on a golden sand beach?
Built specifically for the Abel Tasman coastline and unique tidal conditions, water taxis get you access to the Park’s secret spots, spectacular marine life and even into bush-fringed tidal inlets. Water taxis provide quick and convenient access to the six major bays along the spectacular Abel Tasman coastline. A trip in one of the smaller water taxis, past the succession of wide sweeping bays, is a quintessentially Kiwi experience.


Select the version of bytecode to be generated. (Roughly, this is the minimum target JVM version.)
If no particular version is specified, the bytecode version is defined by the compiler.
To specify different versions for particular modules, use the controls in the Per-module bytecode version
area.


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There are two sides to Robin Williams. One is the wacky comedian that America fell in love with on Mork & Mindy, and the other is an Oscar-winning actor. You can tell the two of them apart by Williams' facial hair – clean-shaven means he's in out-of-control mode (Good Morning, Vietnam), while a full beard indicates a more serious, restrained Robin (Good Will Hunting). But how do you tell which side you're going to get when his face is obscured by a mask?
Although Williams is beardless under his costume in Bicentennial Man, he shows the control and self-discipline of his tranquil alter-ego. I guess it goes to prove that looks can be deceiving. But that's not the only thing surprising about this film. Disney seems to be selling it as a holiday film for children, but it's actually a pretty serious drama (containing a handful of laughs) with a running time of well over two hours. And here's another shocker – it's rather good.
Based on a short story of the same name by science-fiction guru Isaac Asimov (he later fleshed it out into a novel called The Positronic Man with collaborator Robert Silverberg) and adapted for the screen by Nicholas Kazan (Fallen), Bicentennial Man is basically a futuristic version of Pinocchio. Williams (Jakob the Liar) stars as a robot servant that dreams of becoming a human being. As the title implies, the film takes place over a two-hundred-year period, which means that Williams' droid watches generations of his human `family' succumb to death while he never ages.
After showing a nifty robot assembly line during the opening credits, the film opens `sometime in the future.' We don't know how far, but we do see that cars can talk and that sweaters with patches on the elbow are back in style again (later on, we find out that its 2005, so get your patches ready). A well-to-do clockmaker named Martin (Sam Neill, The Horse Whisperer) has just purchased an NDR-114 robot for his family. The machine is supposed to be responsible for housekeeping and food preparation, but instead shows un-robotic traits like creativity and a desire to learn. He is called Andrew and the Martins treat him like a member of the family, except for making him live in the basement.
Andrew hits it off with the Martins' youngest daughter (Hallie Kate Eisenberg from the Pepsi commercials), who he calls Little Miss. Before you know it, the years have flown by and Little Miss has become Old Wrinkled Miss (Embeth Davidtz, Mansfield Park).  Andrew and Portia also have a close relationship, but she's engaged to marry a guy that looks like Jay Leno's great-great-great grandson (Jay Johnston, Mr. Show).
Aside from his depressing family life, Andrew runs into a female android (doesn't the word `android' imply a lack of sexuality?) that works for an NDR-114 specialist named Rupert Burns (Oliver Platt, Lake Placid). Andrew expresses his desire to become more human, and he and Burns create revolutionary technology to begin the transformation. Burns starts by slapping some flesh-colored Flubber onto Andrew, and then adds a central nervous system and so on and so on. But no matter what type of upgrades he receives, Andrew is still only recognized as a simple machine.
One of the greatest features of the film is the realistic aging of its characters. The other is the unbelievable fact that Bicentennial Man received a `PG' rating from the Motion Picture Association of America. It has a couple of frank discussions about sex, as well as around a dozen bad words (including, alphabetically, `ass,' `bitch,' two different versions of `goddamn,' and about a half-dozed occurrences of `shit'). There's even a scene where Andrew squeezes out a post-coital fart after his first lay. This rating seems particularly wrong following the MPAA's `R' rating for Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo. They both had very similar content, but since Deuce's target audience was drunk, date-raping frat-boys, it was slapped with the `R.' Bicentennial Man is being pushed on kids, and ended up with the `PG.' Go figure.
2:15 - PG for language and some sexual content
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Tesco launches Christmas advert featuring time-travelling delivery driver
The supermarket’s Christmas advert will launch during Sunday’s first episode of the new series of I’m A Celebrity… Get Me Out Of Here!
Tesco has unveiled its 2019 Christmas advertising campaign, as it looks to drive customers into its stores for the key shopping period.
The UK’s largest supermarket has celebrated its 100th anniversary by sending one of its delivery drivers back in time, in a Back To The Future-influenced Christmas advert.
The retailer, which said the advert is intended to highlight its role “delivering Christmas to the nation for the past 100 years”, will launch the 90-second film during Sunday’s first episode of the new series of I’m A Celebrity… Get Me Out Of Here!
In the advert a Tesco delivery driver called Joel, played by an actor, arrives with his lorry full of food in various years throughout the past century, after his van gets caught up in Christmas lights.
His trip sees him make deliveries to Winston Churchill at Number 10 Downing Street, Jim Bowen during an episode of the classic game show Bullseye, and arriving at a rave with mince pies.
Tesco would not disclose the cost of the advertising campaign, but said its focus was to “make the best use of the campaign to have the best possible effect when reaching customers”.
Alessandra Bellini, Tesco chief customer officer, said: “2019 marks 100 years of Tesco helping families up and down the country celebrate Christmas.
“With the help of a delivery van, a cast from across the decades and a little bit of magic, we’re telling that story.”
Tesco said its new Christmas campaign, which also includes a raft of new posters and 10-second adverts which will feature on digital platforms, is also intended to highlight new products in its Christmas range.
Tesco’s advertising over the year has highlighted its centenary through the use of figures such as Mr Blobby.
Tesco pulled the advert, but the singer later said the spat was the result of “miscommunication”.
The new advert comes days after John Lewis released its highly-awaited Christmas advert, which featured an excitable dragon called Edgar, while supermarket rivals such as Aldi and Sainsbury’s have also released their festive adverts.
Tom Drew, creative director at BBH London, the creative agency working on Tesco’s campaign, said: “Tesco have been helping the nation deliver Christmas for 100 years.
“That’s pretty magical. We just needed to add a little sparkle to the story.”


Cora slept through until 9:45 this morning. Hurray for sleeping babies! (Of course, she didn't go down until 1, and it was touchy at that.)
11/9/2008, 10:16:11 AM
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Cora slept through until 9:45 this morning. Hurray for sleeping babies! (Of course, she didn't go down until 1, and it was touchy at that.)
11/9/2008, 10:16:11 AM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link


moisturizer is a must!
which will you use?
Laneige Waterbank Moisture Cream
Youth to the People superfood air-whip moisture cream


Class Kernel
java.lang.Object
|
+----Kernel
- public class Kernel
- extends Object
Simulates a unix-like file system. Provides basic directory
and file operations and implements them in terms of the underlying
disk block structures.
- Author:
- Ray Ontko
-
EACCES
- Permission denied.
-
EBADF
- Bad file number.
-
EEXIST
- File exists.
-
EFBIG
- File too large.
-
EINVAL
- Invalid argument.
-
EISDIR
- Is a directory.
-
EMFILE
- Too many open files.
-
EMLINK
- Too many links.
-
ENFILE
- File table overflow.
-
ENOENT
- No such file or directory.
-
ENOSPC
- No space left on device.
-
ENOTDIR
- Not a directory.
-
EPERM
- Not owner.
-
EROFS
- Read-only file system.
-
EXDEV
- Cross-device link.
-
MAX_OPEN_FILE_SYSTEMS
-
-
O_RDONLY
- Open with read-only access.
-
O_RDWR
- Open for read or write access.
-
O_WRONLY
- Open with write-only access.
-
openFileSystems
-
-
PROGRAM_NAME
- The name this program uses when displaying any error messages
it generates internally.
-
ROOT_FILE_SYSTEM
-
-
S_IEXEC
- User has execute permission
-
S_IFBLK
- Block Special
-
S_IFCHR
- Character special
-
S_IFDIR
- Directory
-
S_IFMPB
- Multiplexed block special
-
S_IFMPC
- Multiplexed character special
-
S_IFMT
- File type mask
-
S_IFREG
- Regular file
-
S_IREAD
- User has read permission
-
S_IRGRP
- Group has read permission
-
S_IROTH
- Others have read permission
-
S_IRUSR
- User has read permission
-
S_IRWXG
- Group has read, write and execute permission
-
S_IRWXO
- Others have read, write and execute permission
-
S_IRWXU
- User (file owner) has read, write and execute permission
-
S_ISGID
- Set group id on execution
-
S_ISUID
- Set user id on execution
-
S_ISVTX
- Save swapped text even after use
-
S_IWGRP
- Group has write permission
-
S_IWOTH
- Others have write permisson
-
S_IWRITE
- User has write permission
-
S_IWUSR
- User has write permission
-
S_IXGRP
- Group has execute permission
-
S_IXOTH
- Others have execute permission
-
S_IXUSR
- User has execute permission
-
sys_errlist
- The array of kernel error messages.
-
sys_nerr
- Number of errors messages defined in sys_errlist
Simulates unix system variable:
int sys_nerr;
-
Kernel()
-
-
close(int)
- Closes the specified file descriptor.
-
creat(String, short)
- Creates a file or directory with the specified mode.
-
exit(int)
- Terminate the current "process".
-
finalize(int)
- End the simulation and exit.
-
fstat(int, Stat)
- Obtain information for an open file.
-
getErrno()
- Get the value of errno for the current process.
-
initialize()
- Initialize the file simulator kernel.
-
lseek(int, int, int)
- Set the current file pointer for a file.
-
open(String, int)
- Opens a file or directory for reading, writing, or
both reading and writing.
-
perror(String)
- Prints a system error message.
-
read(int, byte[], int)
- Read bytes from a file.
-
readdir(int, DirectoryEntry)
- Reads a directory entry from a file descriptor for an open directory.
-
setErrno(int)
- Set the value of errno for the current process.
-
stat(String, Stat)
- Obtain information about a named file.
-
sync()
- First commits inodes to buffers, and then buffers to disk.
-
write(int, byte[], int)
- Write bytes to a file.
-
writedir(int, DirectoryEntry)
- Writes a directory entry from a file descriptor for an
open directory.
PROGRAM_NAME
public static final String PROGRAM_NAME
- The name this program uses when displaying any error messages
it generates internally.
EPERM
public static final int EPERM
- Not owner.
ENOENT
public static final int ENOENT
- No such file or directory.
EBADF
public static final int EBADF
- Bad file number.
EACCES
public static final int EACCES
- Permission denied.
EEXIST
public static final int EEXIST
- File exists.
EXDEV
public static final int EXDEV
- Cross-device link.
ENOTDIR
public static final int ENOTDIR
- Not a directory.
EISDIR
public static final int EISDIR
- Is a directory.
EINVAL
public static final int EINVAL
- Invalid argument.
ENFILE
public static final int ENFILE
- File table overflow.
EMFILE
public static final int EMFILE
- Too many open files.
EFBIG
public static final int EFBIG
- File too large.
ENOSPC
public static final int ENOSPC
- No space left on device.
EROFS
public static final int EROFS
- Read-only file system.
EMLINK
public static final int EMLINK
- Too many links.
sys_nerr
public static final int sys_nerr
- Number of errors messages defined in sys_errlist
Simulates unix system variable:
int sys_nerr;
sys_errlist
public static final String sys_errlist[]
- The array of kernel error messages.
Simulates unix system variable:
const char *sys_errlist[];
S_IFMT
public static final short S_IFMT
- File type mask
S_IFREG
public static final short S_IFREG
- Regular file
S_IFMPB
public static final short S_IFMPB
- Multiplexed block special
S_IFBLK
public static final short S_IFBLK
- Block Special
S_IFDIR
public static final short S_IFDIR
- Directory
S_IFMPC
public static final short S_IFMPC
- Multiplexed character special
S_IFCHR
public static final short S_IFCHR
- Character special
S_ISUID
public static final short S_ISUID
- Set user id on execution
S_ISGID
public static final short S_ISGID
- Set group id on execution
S_ISVTX
public static final short S_ISVTX
- Save swapped text even after use
S_IRWXU
public static final short S_IRWXU
- User (file owner) has read, write and execute permission
S_IRUSR
public static final short S_IRUSR
- User has read permission
S_IREAD
public static final short S_IREAD
- User has read permission
S_IWUSR
public static final short S_IWUSR
- User has write permission
S_IWRITE
public static final short S_IWRITE
- User has write permission
S_IXUSR
public static final short S_IXUSR
- User has execute permission
S_IEXEC
public static final short S_IEXEC
- User has execute permission
S_IRWXG
public static final short S_IRWXG
- Group has read, write and execute permission
S_IRGRP
public static final short S_IRGRP
- Group has read permission
S_IWGRP
public static final short S_IWGRP
- Group has write permission
S_IXGRP
public static final short S_IXGRP
- Group has execute permission
S_IRWXO
public static final short S_IRWXO
- Others have read, write and execute permission
S_IROTH
public static final short S_IROTH
- Others have read permission
S_IWOTH
public static final short S_IWOTH
- Others have write permisson
S_IXOTH
public static final short S_IXOTH
- Others have execute permission
O_RDONLY
public static final int O_RDONLY
- Open with read-only access.
O_WRONLY
public static final int O_WRONLY
- Open with write-only access.
O_RDWR
public static final int O_RDWR
- Open for read or write access.
MAX_OPEN_FILE_SYSTEMS
public static int MAX_OPEN_FILE_SYSTEMS
openFileSystems
public static FileSystem openFileSystems[]
ROOT_FILE_SYSTEM
public static short ROOT_FILE_SYSTEM
Kernel
public Kernel()
perror
public static void perror(String s)
- Prints a system error message. The actual text written
to stderr is the
given string, followed by a colon, a space, the message
text, and a newline. It is customary to give the name of
the program as the argument to perror.
- Parameters:
- s - the program name
setErrno
public static void setErrno(int newErrno)
- Set the value of errno for the current process.
Simulates the unix variable:
extern int errno ;
- See Also:
- getErrno
getErrno
public static int getErrno()
- Get the value of errno for the current process.
Simulates the unix variable:
extern int errno ;
- See Also:
- setErrno
close
public static int close(int fd)
- Closes the specified file descriptor.
Simulates the unix system call:
int close(int fd);
- Parameters:
- fd - the file descriptor of the file to close
- Returns:
- Zero if the file is closed; -1 if the file descriptor
is invalid.
creat
public static int creat(String pathname,
short mode) throws Exception
- Creates a file or directory with the specified mode.
Creates a new file or prepares to rewrite an existing file.
If the file does not exist, it is given the mode specified.
If the file does exist, it is truncated to length zero.
The file is opened for writing and its file descriptor is
returned.
Simulates the unix system call:
int creat(const char *pathname, mode_t mode);
- Parameters:
- pathname - the name of the file or directory to create
- mode - the file or directory protection mode for the new file
- Returns:
- the file descriptor (a non-negative integer); -1 if
a needed directory is not searchable, if the file does not
exist and the directory in which it is to be created is not
writable, if the file does exist and is unwritable, if the
file is a directory, or if there are already too many open
files.
- Throws: Exception
- if any underlying action causes
an exception to be thrown
exit
public static void exit(int status) throws Exception
- Terminate the current "process". Any open files will be closed.
Simulates the unix system call:
exit(int status);
Note: If this is the last process to terminate, this method
calls finalize().
- Parameters:
- status - the exit status
- Throws: Exception
- if any underlying
Exception is thrown
lseek
public static int lseek(int fd,
int offset,
int whence)
- Set the current file pointer for a file.
The current file position is updated based on the values of
offset and whence. If whence is 0, the new position is
offset bytes from the beginning of the file. If whence is
1, the new position is the current position plus the value
of offset. If whence is 2, the new position is the size
of the file plus the offset value. Note that offset may be
negative if whence is 1 or 2, as long as the resulting
position is not less than zero. It is valid to position
past the end of the file, but it is not valid to read
past the end of the file.
Simulates the unix system call:
lseek( int filedes , int offset , int whence );
- Parameters:
- fd - the file descriptor
- offset - the offset
- whence - 0 = from beginning of file; 1 = from
current position ; 2 = from end of file
open
public static int open(String pathname,
int flags) throws Exception
- Opens a file or directory for reading, writing, or
both reading and writing.
The file is positioned at the beginning (byte 0).
The returned file descriptor must be used for subsequent
calls for other input and output functions on the file.
Simulates the unix system call:
int open(const char *pathname, int flags );
- Parameters:
- pathname - the name of the file or directory to create
- flags - the flags to use when opening the file: O_RDONLY,
O_WRONLY, or O_RDWR.
- Returns:
- the file descriptor (a non-negative integer); -1 if
the file does not exist, if one of the necessary directories
does not exist or is unreadable, if the file is not readable
(resp. writable), or if too many files are open.
- Throws: Exception
- if any underlying action causes
an exception to be thrown
read
public static int read(int fd,
byte buf[],
int count) throws Exception
- Read bytes from a file.
Simulates the unix system call:
int read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
- Parameters:
- fd - the file descriptor of a file open for reading
- buf - an array of bytes into which bytes are read
- count - the number of bytes to read from the file
- Returns:
- the number of bytes actually read; or -1 if an error occurs.
- Throws: Exception
- if any underlying action causes
Exception to be thrown
readdir
public static int readdir(int fd,
DirectoryEntry dirp) throws Exception
- Reads a directory entry from a file descriptor for an open directory.
Simulates the unix system call:
int readdir(unsigned int fd, struct dirent *dirp ) ;
Note that count is ignored in the unix call.
- Parameters:
- fd - the file descriptor for the directory being read
- dirp - the directory entry into which data should be copied
- Returns:
- number of bytes read; 0 if end of directory; -1 if the file
descriptor is invalid, or if the file is not opened for read access.
- Throws: Exception
- if any underlying action causes
Exception to be thrown
fstat
public static int fstat(int fd,
Stat buf) throws Exception
- Obtain information for an open file.
Simulates the unix system call:
int fstat(int filedes, struct stat *buf);
- Throws: Exception
- if any underlying action causes
Exception to be thrown
stat
public static int stat(String name,
Stat buf) throws Exception
- Obtain information about a named file.
Simulates the unix system call:
int stat(const char *name, struct stat *buf);
- Throws: Exception
- if any underlying action causes
Exception to be thrown
sync
public static void sync()
- First commits inodes to buffers, and then buffers to disk.
Simulates unix system call:
int sync(void);
write
public static int write(int fd,
byte buf[],
int count) throws Exception
- Write bytes to a file.
Simulates the unix system call:
int write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
- Throws: Exception
- if any underlying action causes
Exception to be thrown
writedir
public static int writedir(int fd,
DirectoryEntry dirp) throws Exception
- Writes a directory entry from a file descriptor for an
open directory.
Simulates the unix system call:
int readdir(unsigned int fd, struct dirent *dirp ) ;
Note that count is ignored in the unix call.
- Parameters:
- fd - the file descriptor for the directory being read
- dirp - the directory entry into which data should be copied
- Returns:
- number of bytes read; 0 if end of directory; -1 if the file
descriptor is invalid, or if the file is not opened for read access.
- Throws: Exception
- if any underlying action causes
Exception to be thrown
initialize
public static void initialize()
- Initialize the file simulator kernel. This should be the
first call in any simulation program. You can think of this
as the method which "boots" the kernel.
This method opens the "filesys.conf" file (or the file named
by the system property "filesys.conf") and reads any properties
given in that file, including the filesystem.root.filename and
filesystem.root.mode ("r", "rw").
finalize
public static void finalize(int status) throws Exception
- End the simulation and exit.
Terminates any remaining "processes", flushes all file system blocks
to "disk", and exit the simulation program. This method is generally
called by exit() when the last process terminates. However,
it may also be called directly to gracefully end the simlation.
- Parameters:
- status - the status to use with System.exit()
- Throws: Exception
- if any underlying operation
causes and exception to be thrown.


| className {methods} | R Documentation |
The function className()
generates a
valid references to a class, including the name of the package
containing the class definition. The object returned, from class "className"
, is the
unambiguous way to refer to a class, for example when calling
setMethod
, just in case multiple definitions of the
class exist.
Function
"multipleClasses"
returns information about multiple
definitions of classes with the
same name from different packages.
className(class, package) multipleClasses(details = FALSE)
class, package |
The character string name of a class and, optionally, of the package
to which it belongs. If argument If there is no package argument or slot, a definition for the class must exist and will be used to define the package. If there are multiple definitions, one will be chosen and a warning printed giving the other possibilities. |
details |
If If |
The table of class definitions used internally can maintain multiple
definitions for classes with the same name but coming from different
packages.
If identical class definitions are encountered, only one class
definition is kept; this occurs most often with S3 classes that have
been specified in calls to setOldClass
. For true
classes, multiple class definitions are unavoidable in general if two
packages happen to have used the same name, independently.
Overriding a class definition in another package with the same name deliberately is usually a bad idea. Although R attempts to keep and use the two definitions (as of version 2.14.0), ambiguities are always possible. It is more sensible to define a new class that extends an existing class but has a different name.
A call to className()
returns an object from class
"className"
.
A call to multipleClasses()
returns either a character
vector or a named list of class definitions. In either case, testing
the length of the returned value for being greater than 0
is a
check for the existence of multiply defined classes.
The class "className"
extends "character"
and has a slot
"package"
, also of class "character"
.
## Not run: className("vector") # will be found, from package "methods" className("vector", "magic") # OK, even though the class doesn't exist className("An unknown class") # Will cause an error ## End(Not run)


|
IM Profile | ||||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
This class is used for receiving status notification when adding or removing a file system root. This can be achieved by inserting or removing a card from a device or by mounting or unmounting file systems to a device.
FileConnection
| Field Summary | |
static int |
ROOT_ADDED
Constant indicating that a file system root has been added to the device. |
static int |
ROOT_REMOVED
Constant indicating that a file system root has been removed from the device. |
| Method Summary | |
void |
rootChanged(int state,
String rootName)
This method is invoked when a root on the device has changed state. |
| Field Detail |
public static final int ROOT_ADDED
public static final int ROOT_REMOVED
| Method Detail |
public void rootChanged(int state, String rootName)
state
- int representing the state change that has happened to
the root.rootName
- the String name of the root, following the root naming
conventions detailed in FileConnection.
IllegalArgumentException
- if state
has a negative
value or is not one of the legal acceptable constants.
NullPointerException
- if rootName
is
null
.FileConnection
|
IM Profile | ||||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


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vignettes/other-geneset-databases.Rmd
other-geneset-databases.Rmd
rGREAT has integrated Gene Ontology gene sets for all supported organisms and MSigDB gene sets for human. It is very easy to apply GREAT analysis on other geneset databases such as KEGG. THe basical use has been explained in the section “Manually set gene sets” in the vignette “Analyze with local GREAT”. In this vignette, we will just show you several examples.
KEGG pathway database is widely used for gene set enrichment analysis. To apply GREAT anlaysis with KEGG pathways, we need to construct the corresponding gene sets.
KEGG provides its data via a REST API (https://rest.kegg.jp/). There are several commands that can be used to retrieve specific types of data. Here we use the package KEGGREST to obtain data directly from KEGG. To get a list of genes involved in pathways, we use the “link” command which is implemented in the function keggLink()
.
## hsa:10327 hsa:124 hsa:125 hsa:126 hsa:127
## "path:hsa00010" "path:hsa00010" "path:hsa00010" "path:hsa00010" "path:hsa00010"
## hsa:128
## "path:hsa00010"
The returned object pathway2gene
is a named vector, where the names are gene Entrez IDs (with an additional "hsa:"
prefix) and values are pathway IDs (with an additional "path:"
prefix). You can try to execute keggLink("hsa","pathway")
to compare the results. The named vectors are not common for downstream gene set analysis. Let’s convert it to a list of genes, also remove the prefix.
Now simply send kegg_pathways
to great()
to perform GREAT analysis.
library(rGREAT)
gr = randomRegions(genome = "hg19")
great(gr, kegg_pathways, "hg19")
## 907 regions are associated to 1371 genes' extended TSSs.
## TSS source: TxDb.Hsapiens.UCSC.hg19.knownGene
## Genome: hg19
## OrgDb: org.Hs.eg.db
## Gene sets: self-provided
## Background: whole genome excluding gaps
## Mode: Basal plus extension
## Proximal: 5000 bp upstream, 1000 bp downstream,
## plus Distal: up to 1000000 bp
Here we only include the KEGG pathway IDs. The full name of pathways can be obtained by the following command:
## hsa01100
## "Metabolic pathways - Homo sapiens (human)"
## hsa01200
## "Carbon metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)"
## hsa01210
## "2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)"
## hsa01212
## "Fatty acid metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)"
## hsa01230
## "Biosynthesis of amino acids - Homo sapiens (human)"
## hsa01232
## "Nucleotide metabolism - Homo sapiens (human)"
Please go the the documentation of KEGGREST or the main website of KEGG API (https://rest.kegg.jp/) to find out commands for retrieving various datasets there.
Please note, KEGG pathways are only free for academic users, https://www.pathway.jp/en/licensing.html.
Reactome is another popular pathway database for gene set enrichment analysis. In Bioconductor, there is a package reactome.db that contains genes associated to every pathway in Reactome.
To get the Reactome pathway gene sets, simply use the object reactomePATHID2EXTID
.
## 907 regions are associated to 1371 genes' extended TSSs.
## TSS source: TxDb.Hsapiens.UCSC.hg19.knownGene
## Genome: hg19
## OrgDb: org.Hs.eg.db
## Gene sets: self-provided
## Background: whole genome excluding gaps
## Mode: Basal plus extension
## Proximal: 5000 bp upstream, 1000 bp downstream,
## plus Distal: up to 1000000 bp
The full pathway names are in the object reactomePATHID2NAME
. You can convert the object to a normal list by as.list(reactomePATHID2NAME)
.
UniProt database provides a list of controlled vocabulary represented as keywords for genes or proteins (https://www.uniprot.org/keywords/). This is useful for summarizing gene functions in a compact way. The UniProtKeywords package contains gene sets associated to keywords.
UniProtKeywords support several organisms. Here we use human as an example. In the function load_keyword_genesets()
, you need to specify the taxon ID for the organism.
library(UniProtKeywords)
gs = load_keyword_genesets(9606)
great(gr, gs, "hg19")
## 907 regions are associated to 1371 genes' extended TSSs.
## TSS source: TxDb.Hsapiens.UCSC.hg19.knownGene
## Genome: hg19
## OrgDb: org.Hs.eg.db
## Gene sets: self-provided
## Background: whole genome excluding gaps
## Mode: Basal plus extension
## Proximal: 5000 bp upstream, 1000 bp downstream,
## plus Distal: up to 1000000 bp
Please refer to the section “Manually set gene sets” in the vignette “Analyze with local GREAT”. There introduces a function read_gmt()
which can import a .gmt
file into a list of genes.
The tool Enrichr provides a great resource of gene sets in .gmt
format. See https://maayanlab.cloud/Enrichr/#libraries.


Find Your Trip
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10.1.2021
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"x"
"1" "ZANI,F, BELLOTTI,A AND MAZZA,P, BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON2,1-BENZISOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVES II. EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND GENOTOXICPROPERTIES OF BZ-NITRO-, 3-ETHYLACETATE-, 3-AMINO- AND 3-SUBSTITUTED A __ MINO2,1-BENZISOTHIAZOLES, FARMACO 49(11):713-719, 1994"


Class ExtensibleFtpUser
Represents a client that is currently connected to an ExtensibleFtpServer.
Inheritance
Inherited Members
Namespace: DouglasDwyer.ExtensibleFtp
Assembly: ExtensibleFtp.dll
Syntax
public sealed class ExtensibleFtpUser
Fields
LastCommandData
An object which contains data put there by the last command used. Two-part commands, like USER and PASS, use this object to pass data between each other.
Declaration
public object LastCommandData
Field Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Object |
Properties
ControlClient
Declaration
public TcpClient ControlClient { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient |
CurrentDirectory
The user's current FTP directory.
Declaration
public string CurrentDirectory { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.String |
DataClient
The current data connector.
Declaration
public IDataConnector DataClient { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| IDataConnector |
Filesystem
The filesystem associated with the current Identity. This may throw an exception if the user is not logged in.
Declaration
public IFtpFilesystem Filesystem { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| IFtpFilesystem |
Host
The FTP server that is hosting this client.
Declaration
public ExtensibleFtpServer Host { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| ExtensibleFtpServer |
Identity
The client's user identity, or null if the client is not logged in.
Declaration
public IFtpIdentity Identity { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| IFtpIdentity |
IsLoggedIn
Whether the client has been authenticated.
Declaration
public bool IsLoggedIn { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean |
TransferType
The encoding type to use when transferring information across the data connection.
Declaration
public TransferMode TransferType { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| TransferMode |
Methods
SendResponse(Int32, String)
Sends an FTP response to the client. FTP responses consist of a status code and a single-line message.
Declaration
public void SendResponse(int code, string data)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Int32 | code | The FTP status code to send. |
| System.String | data | The message to send along with the status code. |
SendResponse(FtpStatusCode, String)
Sends an FTP response to the client. FTP responses consist of a status code and a single-line message.
Declaration
public void SendResponse(FtpStatusCode code, string data)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Net.FtpStatusCode | code | The FTP status code to send. |
| System.String | data | The message to send along with the status code. |
Stop()
Stops the FTP connection and disconnects the user from the server.
Declaration
public void Stop()


Public Member Functions | |
| def | __init__ |
| def | deserialize |
| def | deserialize_numpy |
| def | serialize |
| def | serialize_numpy |
Public Attributes | |
| actual | |
| delta | |
Private Member Functions | |
| def | _get_types |
Static Private Attributes | |
| list | __slots__ = ['actual','delta'] |
| string | _full_text |
| _has_header = False | |
| string | _md5sum = "795c9cfc64532fd454a7bf03ae978496" |
| list | _slot_types = ['time','duration'] |
| string | _type = "time_server/time_srvResponse" |
Definition at line 119 of file _time_srv.py.
| def time_server.srv._time_srv.time_srvResponse.__init__ | ( | self, | |
| args, | |||
| kwds | |||
| ) |
Constructor. Any message fields that are implicitly/explicitly set to None will be assigned a default value. The recommend use is keyword arguments as this is more robust to future message changes. You cannot mix in-order arguments and keyword arguments. The available fields are: actual,delta :param args: complete set of field values, in .msg order :param kwds: use keyword arguments corresponding to message field names to set specific fields.
Definition at line 130 of file _time_srv.py.
| def time_server.srv._time_srv.time_srvResponse._get_types | ( | self | ) | [private] |
internal API method
Definition at line 155 of file _time_srv.py.
| def time_server.srv._time_srv.time_srvResponse.deserialize | ( | self, | |
| str | |||
| ) |
unpack serialized message in str into this message instance :param str: byte array of serialized message, ``str``
Definition at line 172 of file _time_srv.py.
| def time_server.srv._time_srv.time_srvResponse.deserialize_numpy | ( | self, | |
| str, | |||
| numpy | |||
| ) |
unpack serialized message in str into this message instance using numpy for array types :param str: byte array of serialized message, ``str`` :param numpy: numpy python module
Definition at line 206 of file _time_srv.py.
| def time_server.srv._time_srv.time_srvResponse.serialize | ( | self, | |
| buff | |||
| ) |
serialize message into buffer :param buff: buffer, ``StringIO``
Definition at line 161 of file _time_srv.py.
| def time_server.srv._time_srv.time_srvResponse.serialize_numpy | ( | self, | |
| buff, | |||
| numpy | |||
| ) |
serialize message with numpy array types into buffer :param buff: buffer, ``StringIO`` :param numpy: numpy python module
Definition at line 194 of file _time_srv.py.
list time_server::srv::_time_srv.time_srvResponse::__slots__ = ['actual','delta'] [static, private] |
Definition at line 127 of file _time_srv.py.
string time_server::srv::_time_srv.time_srvResponse::_full_text [static, private] |
"""time actual duration delta """
Definition at line 123 of file _time_srv.py.
time_server::srv::_time_srv.time_srvResponse::_has_header = False [static, private] |
Definition at line 122 of file _time_srv.py.
string time_server::srv::_time_srv.time_srvResponse::_md5sum = "795c9cfc64532fd454a7bf03ae978496" [static, private] |
Definition at line 120 of file _time_srv.py.
list time_server::srv::_time_srv.time_srvResponse::_slot_types = ['time','duration'] [static, private] |
Definition at line 128 of file _time_srv.py.
string time_server::srv::_time_srv.time_srvResponse::_type = "time_server/time_srvResponse" [static, private] |
Definition at line 121 of file _time_srv.py.
Definition at line 142 of file _time_srv.py.
Definition at line 142 of file _time_srv.py.


BiolockJ tutorials (under construction) first draft tutorial prototype draft properties file Sequence data


There's Something About Mary (1998) Cameron Diaz, Ben Stiller, Matt Dillon, Lee Evans, Chris Elliott, Lin Shaye, Jeffrey Tambor, Markie Post, Keith David, W. Earl Brown, Jonathan Richman, Harland Williams, Brett Favre. Screenplay, Ed Decter, John J. Strauss, Peter Farrelly, Bobby Farrelly, story by Decter, Strauss. Directed by Peter Farrelly, Bobby Farrelly. 118 minutes Rated R, 3 stars (out of five stars)
Review by Ed Johnson-Ott, NUVO Newsweekly www.nuvo-online.com/film/ Archive reviews at http://us.imdb.com/M/reviews_by?Edward+Johnson-ott
"There's Something About Mary" is gross and offensive. It's poorly paced, often sluggish and about a half hour too long. A lot of the comedy bits fall flat and the ones that do work depend on shock value, mining cheap laughs from animal abuse, bodily fluids, pratfalls, humiliation and injury, while mocking physically and mentally handicapped people along with the elderly. Disgusting and utterly juvenile, "There's Something About Mary" is also the funniest film I've seen in a very long time. So sue me.
Created by the Farrelly brothers, the "visionaries" who gave the world "Dumb and Dumber" and "Kingpin," "There's Something About Mary" is the kind of no-holds-barred comedy reminiscent of "Blazing Saddles," "Animal House" and "Airplane." It's not really in the same league, though. The humor in those films was consistent, while "There's Something About Mary" only hits the high marks occasionally, with a lot of dead spots in- between. Oh, but when it works, this puppy is absolutely hilarious.
 Mary asks Ted to the prom and everything's coming up roses for the love-struck doofus until that fateful prom night when disaster hits, courtesy of a nightmarish escalating series of blunders, culminating in a zipper accident of historic proportions.
Cut to 13 years later, when Ted takes the suggestion of his friend Dom (Chris Elliott) and hires private eye Pat Healy (Matt Dillon) to find out where Mary is living. The sleazy detective locates Mary in Miami and promptly falls for her. After feeding Ted bogus info to dissuade him from pursuing his lost love, Pat uses eavesdropping devices to learn what Mary wants in a man, then attempts to become that guy. Meanwhile, Ted learns the truth and heads south to try and pick up where he left off before that awful night with the zipper.
That's a lot of plot for a comedy and "There's Something About Mary" gets sluggish while trying to juggle all of its subplots and characters. Speaking of characters, the Farrelly boys aren't exactly famous for well drawn ones, and the film spends too much time getting up close and personal with some pretty sketchy people.
When the Farrellys wrench themselves away from the romantic contrivances and focus on the big jokes, "There's Something About Mary" kicks into high gear. The film contains a generous number of elaborate low-humor set pieces that pay off wonderfully, because of the brothers' willingness to take things way, way, way over the top. They set up a tasteless gag, then carry it light years further than most comic filmmakers would dare.
The zipper scene, for example, succeeds precisely because of overkill. Instead of settling for one painful laugh when poor Ted gets his package lodged in those cruel metal teeth, they keep pushing the envelope. Mary's father comes to help, humiliating the boy with his horrified double-take. Then he calls in Mom for a look-see, as the boy tries desperately to crawl behind the wallpaper. Then the police and firefighters arrive. Just when you think it's impossible to carry the gruesome joke any farther, they do, by giving us an explicit look at Ted's mangled genitals. Oh, the humanity!
If you think that's disgusting, skip this movie, because the Farrellys are just getting warmed up.
All the gags don't work, of course. The Farrellys have a fixation with facial blemishes and the zit and hives visuals aren't particularly funny.  The audience at the screening I attended were clearly resistant to the whole notion of making fun of the disabled. When the film was laughing with Warren, they the audience joined in. When it laughed at him, they didn't.
Cameron Diaz and Ben Stiller anchor the film nicely, although Diaz's Mary is at times a tad too gullible, even for this sort of comedy. Matt Dillon is adequate, while Chris Elliott delivers a creepy variant on his standard overconfident goon persona. The film is nicely framed by legendary quirk-folk singer Jonathan Richman, singing a number of inanely catchy tunes as the film's wandering troubadour.
If anything in this review offended you, skip "There's Something About Mary."  Either way, you have been warned.
© 1998 Ed Johnson-Ott
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


{% extends '_layout.html' %} {% block content %}
Really delete the collection ''? This action cannot be undone!


| < Day Day Up > |
The auth_param directive controls almost every aspect of Squid's external user authentication interface. Squid currently supports three authentication schemes: Basic, Digest, and NTLM. Basic authentication support is compiled by default. For the others, you must use the —enable-auth option with ./configure. Since the auth_param directive is very complex, I'm presenting it here as a separate directive for each combination of parameters.
auth_param basic programThe command for the HTTP Basic authentication helper. You need to specify the full pathname to the program, plus any command-line options.
auth_param basic childrenThis is the number of Basic authentication helper processes Squid uses.
auth_param basic realmThis is the Basic authentication realm Squid sends in 407 (Proxy Authentication Required) responses. User agents typically display the realm string to the user when requesting a username and password. Refer to RFC 2617, Section 2.
auth_param basic credentialsttlTo reduce load on the external authentication processes, Squid caches successful answers for this amount of time. In other words, once a user is authenticated, Squid doesn't query the helper program again until this TTL expires. If you change the external database (e.g., password file), Squid may not notice the change until the cached credentials time out.
auth_param digest programAs with Basic authentication, this specifies the command to execute for the external Digest authentication program.
auth_param digest childrenThis is the number of Digest authentication helper processes that Squid uses.
auth_param digest realmThis is the Digest authentication realm that Squid sends in 407 (Proxy Authentication Required) responses. User agents typically display the realm string to the user when requesting a username and password. Refer to RFC 2617, Section 3.2.1.
auth_param digest nonce_garbage_intervalAs I explained in Section 12.3, a nonce is a special string of data that changes from time to time. Its purpose is to prevent replay attacks with captured digest authentication data. Squid maintains a cache of nonce values it has sent to clients requiring authentication. This cache must be pruned occasionally because nonce strings expire. This directive specifies how often Squid executes the garbage collection procedure for the nonce cache. If Squid is very busy, you may want to clean the nonce cache more frequently to reduce the amount of time spent in the garbage collection function each time it runs.
auth_param digest nonce_max_durationThis directive specifies how long a Digest nonce value remains valid. It is similar to the credentialsttl directive for Basic authentication. If an attacker captures the client's digest authentication headers from an HTTP request, a simple replay attack provides authenticated access to Squid until the nonce value times out or until the maximum usage count is reached. Decrease this value to reduce that risk.
auth_param digest nonce_max_countThis directive specifies a limit on the number of requests for a Digest nonce value. If a client issues this many requests with the same nonce value, Squid invalidates it and causes a new one to be generated. See Section 4.3 of RFC 2617.
auth_param ntlm programThis directive specifies the command, including options, to execute for the external NTLM authentication program.
auth_param ntlm childrenSpecifies the number of NTLM authentication helper process that Squid uses.
auth_param ntlm max_challenge_reusesIn Squid's NTLM implementation, the NTLM challenge token comes from the external helper process, rather than Squid itself. Each helper process generates its own challenge token. This directive specifies how many times each token may be reused. By default, the tokens are never reused. Challenge reuse is also subject to the max_challenge_lifetime restriction.
auth_param ntlm max_challenge_lifetimeThis directive also controls whether the external NTML helper processes can reuse their challenge tokens. It specifies the maximum amount of time a single challenge can be used.
|
| < Day Day Up > |


This is a paragraph that I am writing and the words don't really mean anything I am just writing a lot of words in order to get multiple lines on my HTML page. Now I will include a link to google
This is a paragraph that I am writing and the words don't really mean anything I am just writing a lot of words in order to get multiple lines on my HTML page
Blockquote tag with a p tag in it
Paragraph
With
Breaks
Here I have an unordered list:
Here I have an ordered list:


Instrument Editor
System: SEGA Master System
››
SEGA MASTER SYSTEM INSTRUMENTS EDITOR MENU:
In the Instrument Editor Window of a STD Instrument for the SEGA Master System, you can set a Volume Envelope and an Arpeggio Envelope.


| | |
Methods defined here:
- Delete = delete(self, uri=None, auth_token=None, http_request=None, **kwargs)
- Get = get(self, uri=None, auth_token=None, http_request=None, **kwargs)
- ModifyRequest = modify_request(self, http_request)
- Post = post(self, uri=None, data=None, auth_token=None, http_request=None, **kwargs)
- Put = put(self, uri=None, data=None, auth_token=None, http_request=None, **kwargs)
- Request = request(self, method=None, uri=None, auth_token=None, http_request=None, **kwargs)
- __init__(self, http_client=None, host=None, auth_token=None, source=None, **kwargs)
- Creates a new AtomPubClient instance.
Args:
source: The name of your application.
http_client: An object capable of performing HTTP requests through a
request method. This object is used to perform the request
when the AtomPubClient's request method is called. Used to
allow HTTP requests to be directed to a mock server, or use
an alternate library instead of the default of httplib to
make HTTP requests.
host: str The default host name to use if a host is not specified in the
requested URI.
auth_token: An object which sets the HTTP Authorization header when its
modify_request method is called.
- delete(self, uri=None, auth_token=None, http_request=None, **kwargs)
- get(self, uri=None, auth_token=None, http_request=None, **kwargs)
- modify_request(self, http_request)
- post(self, uri=None, data=None, auth_token=None, http_request=None, **kwargs)
- put(self, uri=None, data=None, auth_token=None, http_request=None, **kwargs)
- request(self, method=None, uri=None, auth_token=None, http_request=None, **kwargs)
- Performs an HTTP request to the server indicated.
Uses the http_client instance to make the request.
Args:
method: The HTTP method as a string, usually one of 'GET', 'POST',
'PUT', or 'DELETE'
uri: The URI desired as a string or atom.http_core.Uri.
http_request:
auth_token: An authorization token object whose modify_request method
sets the HTTP Authorization header.
Data descriptors defined here:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
Data and other attributes defined here:
- auth_token = None
- host = None
|


Home
Interests
Favorite Sites
Future Plans
Upgrade
Interests
(games and stuff)
food
games
animals
literally
club penguin
cows
any
noodle


The fixed navbar layout has a fixed navbar and static navigation menu and footer. Only navbar section is fixed to user. In this page you can experience it.
This table contains all classes related to the fixed navbar layout. This is a custom layout classes for fixed navbar layout page requirements.
All these options can be set via following classes:
| Classes | Description |
|---|---|
.fixed-top |
To set navbar fixed you need to add .fixed-top class in navbar  tag. Refer HTML markup line no 7. |
This section contains HTML Markup to create fixed navbar layout. This markup define where to add css classes to make navbar fixed.
.fixed-top
class for adjusting navbar fixed on top.Modern has a ready to use starter kit, you can use this layout directly by using the starter kit pages from the modern-admin/starter-kit
folder.
<!DOCTYPE html>

...

...

...

...

...

Modern Admin use PUG as template engine to generate pages and whole template quickly using node js, for getting start with PUG usage & template generating process please refer template documentation.
This table contains required PUG variables to generate fixed navbar layout.
| Block | Variable | Datatype | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
navbarConfig |
navbarPosition |
string |
'fixed-top' |
navbarConfig block has a navbarPosition variable, it contains navbar specific classes in that you need to add fixed-top |
To generate fixed navbar layout page or template, you need to use following PUG code.
navbarPosition
variable value as 'fixed-top'
in navbarConfig
block.content
block has content section html file included include ../contents/layout-fixed-navbar.html
, which can be customizable on page level.If you want to use this layout on page level you need to define it on page it self. This template has one example pug file for fixed layout-fixed-navbar.pug
, however you can use it on template level but it will generate whole template as a fixed navbar layout.
block pageVars
- var pageTitle = "Fixed Navbar"
- var pageSubTitle = "Fixed navbar with fixed navigation"
- var description = "Fixed navbar page structure have fixed navbar, static navigation and footer."
- var activeMenu = "layout-fixed-navbar"
extends template
append navbarConfig
- var navbarPosition = "fixed-top"
append breadcrumbs
+breadcrumbs([{url:"index.html",name:"Home"},{url:"#",name:"Page Layouts"}, {name:"Fixed Navbar"}])
//- Include page content in page block
append content
include ../contents/layout-fixed-navbar.html
//- Vendor CSS
//------------------------------
//- Add Vendor specific CSS
append vendorcss
//- Page CSS
//------------------------------
//- Add custom page specific CSS
append pagecss
//- Vendor JS
//------------------------------
//- Add vendor specific JS
append vendorjs
//- Page JS
//------------------------------
//- Add custom page specific JS
append pagejs


BackTREK
Show Trips
continent
name
category
weeks
cost
Add A Trip
×
Name
Continent
Asia
Australasia
Europe
North America
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South America
Category
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About
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Anonymous
The author was too embarrassed that he/she could write such trash, so I promised to protect their identity. I will say that the author of this program has a well known connection with the C programming language.
This program is a unique variation on the age old “Hello, world” program. What reads like a read may be written like a write!
Copyright © 1984, Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved. Permission for personal, educational or non-profit use is granted provided this this copyright and notice are included in its entirety and remains unaltered. All other uses must receive prior permission in writing from both Landon Curt Noll and Larry Bassel.


Always remember to offer multiple formats. My recommendation for real cross-platform usage: [ ogg, mp3, gsm, amr ]


|
|||||||||
| PREV PACKAGE NEXT PACKAGE | FRAMES NO FRAMES |
| Interface Summary | |
|---|---|
| Session | Keeps track of a logged in user. |
| Class Summary | |
|---|---|
| AbstractSession | Keeps track of a logged in user and contains configuration options for the
DropboxAPI . |
| AccessTokenPair | Holds a user's access token and secret. |
| AppKeyPair | Holds your app's key and secret. |
| RequestTokenPair | Holds a request token and secret for the web OAuth flow. |
| Session.ProxyInfo | Describes a proxy. |
| TokenPair | Just two strings -- a "key" and a "secret". |
| WebAuthSession | Keeps track of a logged in user contains configuration options for the
DropboxAPI . |
| WebAuthSession.WebAuthInfo | Contains the info needed to send the user to the Dropbox web auth page and later retrieve an access token + secret. |
| Enum Summary | |
|---|---|
| Session.AccessType |
|
|||||||||
| PREV PACKAGE NEXT PACKAGE | FRAMES NO FRAMES |


| How do you feel about a lot of people around? | |
| Sex: | |
| Are you married? | Is a big income important for you? |
| What's you race? | What religion do you profess? |
| Do you care about the color of your neighbors' skin? | |
| How do you feel about people who profess a different religion? |


This is demonstrating the awesome power of not having to make content changes to every time your non-technical manager wants to change one word on the site.


Find the maximum product between two numbers from the array, that is a multiple of 3
Given an array of integers, find the maximum product between two numbers from the array, that is a multiple of 3. The result for the input {6,8,8,7,2,5} should be 48 = 6*8. Note that 8*8 is the greatest product (64) but 64 isn't divisible by 3. Given the input {1,9,2,4} the result should be 36 = 9*4, and not 81 (9*9) since you should't multiply a number by itself.


More about uuid here.
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