Introduction to OpenJDK
OpenJDK is an open-source
implementation of Oracle's Java Standard Edition platform.
OpenJDK is useful for developing
Java programs, and provides a
complete runtime environment to run Java programs.
This package is known to build and work properly using an LFS-7.9
platform.
Note
A browser plugin and webstart implementation, as well as a
pulseaudio sound backend are provided by the Icedtea project. To
provide a complete implementation, you will need to later install
IcedTea-Web-1.6.2 and IcedTea-Sound-1.0.1.
OpenJDK is GPL'd code, with a special exception made for non-free
projects to use these classes in their proprietary products. In
similar fashion to the LGPL, which allows non-free programs to link
to libraries provided by free software, the GNU General Public
License, version 2, with the Classpath Exception allows third
party programs to use classes provided by free software without the
requirement that the third party software also be free. As with the
LGPL, any modifications made to the free software portions of a
third party application, must also be made freely available.
Note
The OpenJDK source includes a
very thorough, open source test suite using the JTreg test harness. The testing instructions
below allow to test the just built JDK for reasonable
compatibility with the proprietary Oracle JDK. However, in order
for an independent implementation to claim compatibility, it must
pass a proprietary JCK/TCK test
suite. No claims of compatibility, even partial compatibility,
may be made without passing an approved test suite.
Oracle does provide free community access, on a case by case
basis, to a closed toolkit to ensure 100% compatibility with its
proprietary JDK. Neither the binary version provided on the
Java-<IP_ADDRESS> page nor the JVM built with the
instructions below have been tested against the
TCK. Any version that is built using the instructions given,
cannot claim to be compatible with the proprietary JDK, without
the user applying for, and completing the compatibility tests
themselves.
With that in mind, the binaries produced using this build method
are regularly tested against the TCK by the members listed on the
site above. In addition to the community license above, an
educational, non-commercial license for the TCK can be obtained
from here.
Source Package Information
-
OpenJDK Root Package
Download:
http://hg.openjdk.java.net/jdk8u/jdk8u/archive/jdk8u72-b15.tar.bz2
Download MD5 sum: 161dfcff6fbf49649b35c86fa5bbc2b4
Download Size: 398 KB
-
In addition to the root package, the instructions below first
download seven subproject tarballs, whose total size is 62
MB.
-
Estimated disk space required: 3.7 GB (additional 547 MB for
tests)
-
Estimated build time: 11 SBU (additional 110 SBU for tests)
Additional Downloads
OpenJDK Dependencies
Required Dependencies
An existing binary (Java-<IP_ADDRESS> or an earlier built version of
this package. The instructions below assume that you are using
Configuring the JAVA
environment), alsa-lib-1.1.0, cpio-2.12, Cups-2.1.3, UnZip-6.0, Which-2.21, Xorg Libraries, and
Zip-3.0
Recommended
Certificate Authority
Certificates, giflib-5.1.2, and Wget-1.17.1
Optional
Mercurial-3.7.1 and an X Window manager such
as twm-1.0.9 (for the tests)
User Notes: http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/wiki/openjdk
Installation of OpenJDK
Unlike other packages in BLFS, the OpenJDK source packages are distributed in
multiple tar balls. You need to first extract the source root from
jdk8u72-b15.tar.bz2
, change into the
extracted directory, then proceed with the following instructions:
cat > subprojects.md5 << EOF &&
c822b9ac498d5bfbaa82ce6fa1c126a4 corba.tar.bz2
67a98eef6eed6fde18ec5e422bbdd074 hotspot.tar.bz2
fc20a017e3d3598de65240bc9a2ffbbc jaxp.tar.bz2
669f95ee39534dcbbe538cb59bc78742 jaxws.tar.bz2
b85df8468b42a7c14c5d55e84339a2dd langtools.tar.bz2
58fa5f03c7da51a07c000881ca8e1b1b jdk.tar.bz2
1f9358090dc4ba710a14f31115de7c5f nashorn.tar.bz2
EOF
for subproject in corba hotspot jaxp jaxws langtools jdk nashorn; do
wget -c http://hg.openjdk.java.net/jdk8u/jdk8u/${subproject}/archive/jdk8u72-b15.tar.bz2 \
-O ${subproject}.tar.bz2
done &&
md5sum -c subprojects.md5 &&
for subproject in corba hotspot jaxp jaxws langtools jdk nashorn; do
mkdir -pv ${subproject} &&
tar -xf ${subproject}.tar.bz2 --strip-components=1 -C ${subproject}
done
If you have downloaded the optional test harness, unpack it too:
tar -xf ../jtreg-4.1-b12-496.tar.gz
Note
Before proceeding, you should ensure that your environment
PATH
variable contains the location of
the Java compilers used for bootstrapping OpenJDK. This is the only requirement for
the environment. Modern Java installations do not need
JAVA_HOME
and CLASSPATH
is not used here. Furthermore, OpenJDK
developers recommend to unset JAVA_HOME
.
The build system does not support the -j
switch in MAKEFLAGS
.
Configure and build the package with the following commands
(--with-milestone value can be modified to fit user preferences):
unset JAVA_HOME &&
sh ./configure \
--with-update-version=72 \
--with-build-number=b15 \
--with-milestone=BLFS \
--enable-unlimited-crypto \
--with-zlib=system \
--with-giflib=system &&
make DEBUG_BINARIES=true all &&
find build/*/images/j2sdk-image -iname \*.diz -delete
Note
Testing will involve the interplay of pairs of JVMs using the
networking interface, so networking must be started. If it isn't,
not only will these tests fail, but the test cleanup will leave
orphaned JVMs running. There will be many of them. Rebooting may
be the easiest recovery.
Testing the newly built JVM involves several steps. First, it is
better to run the test suite in a frame buffer on a different
display, using Xvfb:
if [ -n "$DISPLAY" ]; then
OLD_DISP=$DISPLAY
fi
export DISPLAY=:20
nohup Xvfb $DISPLAY \
-fbdir $(pwd) \
-pixdepths 8 16 24 32 > Xvfb.out 2>&1 &
echo $! > Xvfb.pid
echo Waiting for Xvfb to initialize; sleep 1
nohup twm -display $DISPLAY \
-f /dev/null > twm.out 2>&1 &
echo $! > twm.pid
echo Waiting for twm to initialize; sleep 1
xhost +
Then, it is necessary to modify some files:
echo -e "
jdk_all = :jdk_core \\
:jdk_svc \\
:jdk_beans \\
:jdk_imageio \\
:jdk_sound \\
:jdk_sctp \\
com/sun/awt \\
javax/accessibility \\
javax/print \\
sun/pisces \\
com/sun/java/swing" >> jdk/test/TEST.groups &&
sed -e 's/all:.*jck.*/all: jtreg/' \
-e '/^JTREG /s@\$(JT_PLATFORM)/@@' \
-i langtools/test/Makefile
Some variables have to be set:
JT_JAVA=$(type -p javac | sed 's@/bin.*@@') &&
JT_HOME=$(pwd)/jtreg &&
PRODUCT_HOME=$(echo $(pwd)/build/*/images/j2sdk-image)
The tests are run as follows:
LANG=C make -k -C test \
JT_HOME=${JT_HOME} \
JT_JAVA=${JT_JAVA} \
PRODUCT_HOME=${PRODUCT_HOME} all
LANG=C ${JT_HOME}/bin/jtreg -a -v:fail,error \
-dir:$(pwd)/hotspot/test \
-k:\!ignore \
-jdk:${PRODUCT_HOME} \
:jdk
The test results can be compared to these
results, although they usually are run on a newer version. Some
failures can be expected, the number of which depends on various
conditions, like whether the computer is connected to network.
Also, some tests may timeout if the machine is under load. Those
are the reasons for considering the tests optional, although we
would rather recommend them.
Next some cleanup has to be done. The instructions below only stop
the frame buffer, but it has been reported that some java VM may be
left running after the tests, so it is necessary to check orphaned
processes:
kill -9 `cat twm.pid` &&
kill -9 `cat Xvfb.pid` &&
rm -f Xvfb.out twm.out &&
rm -f Xvfb.pid twm.pid &&
if [ -n "$OLD_DISP" ]; then
DISPLAY=$OLD_DISP
fi
Install the package with the following commands as the root
user:
cp -RT build/*/images/j2sdk-image /opt/OpenJDK-<IP_ADDRESS> &&
chown -R root:root /opt/OpenJDK-<IP_ADDRESS>
There are now two OpenJDK SDKs
installed in /opt
. You should decide
on which one you would like to use as the default. Normally, you
would opt for the just installed OpenJDK. If so, do the following as the
root
user:
ln -v -nsf OpenJDK-<IP_ADDRESS> /opt/jdk
If desired, you may install a .desktop file corresponding to an
entry in a desktop menu for policytool. First, you need to
obtain an icon from IcedTea-Web-1.6.2:
tar -xf ../icedtea-web-1.6.2.tar.gz \
icedtea-web-1.6.2/javaws.png \
--strip-components=1
Now, as root
user:
mkdir -pv /usr/share/applications &&
cat > /usr/share/applications/openjdk-8-policytool.desktop << "EOF" &&
[Desktop Entry]
Name=OpenJDK Java Policy Tool
Name[pt_BR]=OpenJDK Java - Ferramenta de Política
Comment=OpenJDK Java Policy Tool
Comment[pt_BR]=OpenJDK Java - Ferramenta de Política
Exec=/opt/jdk/bin/policytool
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Icon=javaws
Categories=Settings;
EOF
install -v -Dm0644 javaws.png /usr/share/pixmaps/javaws.png
The choice of pt_BR is just an example. You can add any translation
by adding lines corresponding to your locale, e.g. for fr_FR,
“Name[fr_FR]=” and
“Comment[fr_FR]=” with the
appropriate text as values.
Command Explanations
sh configure...: the
top level configure
is a wrapper
around the autotools one. It is not executable and must be run
through sh.
--with-boot-jdk
: This switch provides
the location of the temporary JDK.
It is normally not needed if java is found in the PATH
.
--with-update-version
:
Currently, the build system does not include the update number in
the version string. It has to be specified here.
--with-build-number
: Again,
the build system does not include the build number in the version
string. It has to be specified here too.
--with-milestone
: Used to
customize the version string.
--enable-unlimited-crypto
:
Because of limitations on the usage of cryptography in some
countries, there is the possibility to limit the size of encryption
keys and the use of some algorithms in a policy file. This switch
allows to ship a policy file with no restriction. It is the
responsability of the user to ensure proper adherence to the law.
--with-zlib=system,
--with-giflib=system
: Allows to use the system
libraries instead of the bundled ones.
--with-jobs=N
: Allows setting the
number of jobs for make equal to N. The default is
the result of a calculation involving the available memory and the
number of processors. Note that even if you specify N=1, some
parallelization may be used during the build. The SBU given above
are with parallel jobs disabled, on a single processor, single
core, virtual machine.
--with-cacerts-file=...
: Specifies
where to find a cacerts
file,
typically /opt/jdk/jre/lib/security
.
Otherwise, an empty one is created. You can get it from an earlier
version of the package, or use the script below to generate one.
make DEBUG_BINARIES=true
all: The build fails on 32 bit machines if
DEBUG_BINARIES is not set to true.
find ... -iname '*.diz'
-delete: This command removes redundant files.
Configuring
OpenJDK
Configuration Information
Normally, the JAVA environment has been configured after
installing the binary version, and can be used with the just
built package as well. Review Configuring the JAVA
environment in case you want to modify something.
To test if the man pages are correctly installed, issue
source /etc/profile
and man java to
display the respective man page.
Install or update the
JRE Certificate Authority Certificates (cacerts) file
OpenJDK uses its own format for
the CA certificates. Those certificates are located in a file
named /opt/jdk/jre/lib/security/cacerts
. That file
may be generated from the one installed using the instructions on
the Certificate Authority
Certificates page, with the following procedure. First,
generate the mkcacerts script as the
root
user:
cat > /opt/jdk/bin/mkcacerts << "EOF"
#!/bin/sh
# Simple script to extract x509 certificates and create a JRE cacerts file.
function get_args()
{
if test -z "${1}" ; then
showhelp
exit 1
fi
while test -n "${1}" ; do
case "${1}" in
-f | --cafile)
check_arg $1 $2
CAFILE="${2}"
shift 2
;;
-d | --cadir)
check_arg $1 $2
CADIR="${2}"
shift 2
;;
-o | --outfile)
check_arg $1 $2
OUTFILE="${2}"
shift 2
;;
-k | --keytool)
check_arg $1 $2
KEYTOOL="${2}"
shift 2
;;
-s | --openssl)
check_arg $1 $2
OPENSSL="${2}"
shift 2
;;
-h | --help)
showhelp
exit 0
;;
*)
showhelp
exit 1
;;
esac
done
}
function check_arg()
{
echo "${2}" | grep -v "^-" > /dev/null
if [ -z "$?" -o ! -n "$2" ]; then
echo "Error: $1 requires a valid argument."
exit 1
fi
}
# The date binary is not reliable on 32bit systems for dates after 2038
function mydate()
{
local y=$( echo $1 | cut -d" " -f4 )
local M=$( echo $1 | cut -d" " -f1 )
local d=$( echo $1 | cut -d" " -f2 )
local m
if [ ${d} -lt 10 ]; then d="0${d}"; fi
case $M in
Jan) m="01";;
Feb) m="02";;
Mar) m="03";;
Apr) m="04";;
May) m="05";;
Jun) m="06";;
Jul) m="07";;
Aug) m="08";;
Sep) m="09";;
Oct) m="10";;
Nov) m="11";;
Dec) m="12";;
esac
certdate="${y}${m}${d}"
}
function showhelp()
{
echo "`basename ${0}` creates a valid cacerts file for use with IcedTea."
echo ""
echo " -f --cafile The path to a file containing PEM"
echo " formated CA certificates. May not be"
echo " used with -d/--cadir."
echo ""
echo " -d --cadir The path to a directory of PEM formatted"
echo " CA certificates. May not be used with"
echo " -f/--cafile."
echo ""
echo " -o --outfile The path to the output file."
echo ""
echo " -k --keytool The path to the java keytool utility."
echo ""
echo " -s --openssl The path to the openssl utility."
echo ""
echo " -h --help Show this help message and exit."
echo ""
echo ""
}
# Initialize empty variables so that the shell does not pollute the script
CAFILE=""
CADIR=""
OUTFILE=""
OPENSSL=""
KEYTOOL=""
certdate=""
date=""
today=$( date +%Y%m%d )
# Process command line arguments
get_args ${@}
# Handle common errors
if test "${CAFILE}x" == "x" -a "${CADIR}x" == "x" ; then
echo "ERROR! You must provide an x509 certificate store!"
echo "\'$(basename ${0}) --help\' for more info."
echo ""
exit 1
fi
if test "${CAFILE}x" != "x" -a "${CADIR}x" != "x" ; then
echo "ERROR! You cannot provide two x509 certificate stores!"
echo "\'$(basename ${0}) --help\' for more info."
echo ""
exit 1
fi
if test "${KEYTOOL}x" == "x" ; then
echo "ERROR! You must provide a valid keytool program!"
echo "\'$(basename ${0}) --help\' for more info."
echo ""
exit 1
fi
if test "${OPENSSL}x" == "x" ; then
echo "ERROR! You must provide a valid path to openssl!"
echo "\'$(basename ${0}) --help\' for more info."
echo ""
exit 1
fi
if test "${OUTFILE}x" == "x" ; then
echo "ERROR! You must provide a valid output file!"
echo "\'$(basename ${0}) --help\' for more info."
echo ""
exit 1
fi
# Get on with the work
# If using a CAFILE, split it into individual files in a temp directory
if test "${CAFILE}x" != "x" ; then
TEMPDIR=`mktemp -d`
CADIR="${TEMPDIR}"
# Get a list of staring lines for each cert
CERTLIST=`grep -n "^-----BEGIN" "${CAFILE}" | cut -d ":" -f 1`
# Get a list of ending lines for each cert
ENDCERTLIST=`grep -n "^-----END" "${CAFILE}" | cut -d ":" -f 1`
# Start a loop
for certbegin in `echo "${CERTLIST}"` ; do
for certend in `echo "${ENDCERTLIST}"` ; do
if test "${certend}" -gt "${certbegin}"; then
break
fi
done
sed -n "${certbegin},${certend}p" "${CAFILE}" > "${CADIR}/${certbegin}.pem"
keyhash=`${OPENSSL} x509 -noout -in "${CADIR}/${certbegin}.pem" -hash`
echo "Generated PEM file with hash: ${keyhash}."
done
fi
# Write the output file
for cert in `find "${CADIR}" -type f -name "*.pem" -o -name "*.crt"`
do
# Make sure the certificate date is valid...
date=$( ${OPENSSL} x509 -enddate -in "${cert}" -noout | sed 's/^notAfter=//' )
mydate "${date}"
if test "${certdate}" -lt "${today}" ; then
echo "${cert} expired on ${certdate}! Skipping..."
unset date certdate
continue
fi
unset date certdate
ls "${cert}"
tempfile=`mktemp`
certbegin=`grep -n "^-----BEGIN" "${cert}" | cut -d ":" -f 1`
certend=`grep -n "^-----END" "${cert}" | cut -d ":" -f 1`
sed -n "${certbegin},${certend}p" "${cert}" > "${tempfile}"
echo yes | env LC_ALL=C "${KEYTOOL}" -import \
-alias `basename "${cert}"` \
-keystore "${OUTFILE}" \
-storepass 'changeit' \
-file "${tempfile}"
rm "${tempfile}"
done
if test "${TEMPDIR}x" != "x" ; then
rm -rf "${TEMPDIR}"
fi
exit 0
EOF
chmod -c 0755 /opt/jdk/bin/mkcacerts
Note
Doing a very large copy/paste directly to a terminal may result
in a corrupted file. Copying to an editor may overcome this
issue.
Generate the OpenJDK
cacerts
file as the root
user:
if [ -f /opt/jdk/jre/lib/security/cacerts ]; then
mv /opt/jdk/jre/lib/security/cacerts \
/opt/jdk/jre/lib/security/cacerts.bak
fi &&
/opt/jdk/bin/mkcacerts \
-d "/etc/ssl/certs/" \
-k "/opt/jdk/bin/keytool" \
-s "/usr/bin/openssl" \
-o "/opt/jdk/jre/lib/security/cacerts"
Use the following commands to check if the cacerts
file has been successfully installed:
cd /opt/jdk
bin/keytool -list -keystore jre/lib/security/cacerts
At the prompt "Enter keystore password:", press the "Enter" key
if there is no keystore password defined. If the cacerts
file was installed correctly, you will
see a list of the certificates with related information for each
one. If not, you need to reinstall them.


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--- layout: project2 type: project image: images/cholera.jpg title: Cholera Project permalink: projects/forB date: 2018 labels: - JavaScript - CSS - Plotly - Data Visualization summary: Cholera Data Visualization Project Part B. Tables, Bar and Pie Charts. ---
These tables represent census data and the age ranges of male and female fatalities due to cholera.
These bar charts represent male and female fatalities due to cholera.
These pie charts represent the male and female census data.
These bar charts represent the male and female census data.


public interface Handheld
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static int |
AUSPOST
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
AZTEC
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
BPO
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
CANPOST
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
CHINAPOST
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
CODABAR
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
CODABLOCK
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
CODE11
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
CODE128
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
CODE16K
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
CODE32
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
CODE39
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
CODE49
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
CODE93
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
COMPOSITE
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
COUPONCODE
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
DATAMATRIX
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
DUTCHPOST
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
EAN13
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
EAN8
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
IATA25
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
IDTAG
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
INT25
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
ISBT
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
JAPOST
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
KOREAPOST
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
LABEL
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
MATRIX25
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
MAXICODE
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
MICROPDF
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
MSI
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
OCR
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
PDF417
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
PLANET
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
PLESSEY
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
POSICODE
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
POSTNET
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
QR
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
RSS
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
STRT25
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
TELEPEN
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
TLCODE39
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
TRIOPTIC
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
UPCA
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
UPCE0
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
UPCE1
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static int |
USPS4CB
To be used HandHeld scanners, in the setBarcodeParam method.
|
static final int AZTEC
static final int CODABAR
static final int CODE11
static final int CODE128
static final int CODE39
static final int CODE49
static final int CODE93
static final int COMPOSITE
static final int DATAMATRIX
static final int EAN8
static final int EAN13
static final int INT25
static final int MAXICODE
static final int MICROPDF
static final int OCR
static final int PDF417
static final int POSTNET
static final int QR
static final int RSS
static final int UPCA
static final int UPCE0
static final int UPCE1
static final int ISBT
static final int BPO
static final int CANPOST
static final int AUSPOST
static final int IATA25
static final int CODABLOCK
static final int JAPOST
static final int PLANET
static final int DUTCHPOST
static final int MSI
static final int TLCODE39
static final int TRIOPTIC
static final int CODE32
static final int STRT25
static final int MATRIX25
static final int PLESSEY
static final int CHINAPOST
static final int KOREAPOST
static final int TELEPEN
static final int CODE16K
static final int POSICODE
static final int COUPONCODE
static final int USPS4CB
static final int IDTAG
static final int LABEL


Viewing All Vendor Accounts
How to view all vendor accounts on the Vendors module.
- Navigate to Admin > Advanced Settings > Vendors.
- Click the All link. This displays the first ten (10) matching records listed alphabetically by name. The Pager control is displayed when there are more than ten matching records allowing you to access the other records.
Viewing All Vendor Accounts


Caffeine is on scene at the Los Angeles Coffee Festival
by Lori CorbinLOS ANGELES (KABC) -- Los Angeles Coffee Festivall founder Jeffrey Young says last year 5,000 people attended the event and he's looking for an even bigger crowd to enjoy the brewing event held at the Magic Box, The Reef in downtown L.A.
Find out more in the story above.


Using the "?" operator, it is possible to significantly shorten the code necessary for certain types of conditional statements. For example, the following statements...
if (calculationType == 'multiply') {
a = b * c - d;
} else {
a = b / c - d;
}
|
...could be reduced to just...
a = (calculationType == 'multiply') ? (b * c - d) : (b / c - d);
|
...and can be reduced even a little further to...
a = ((calculationType == 'multiply') ? (b * c) : (b / c)) - d;
|
...since the subtraction of the variable "d" is common to both expressions. It is even possible to use the "?" operator in cases where the result of the two options for the "?" expression are not to be assigned to anything. For example, the statements...
if (useGroovoid) {
Music.play ('UI-Click1');
} else {
Music.playNote (1,1,175,77,127,1000);
}
|
...could be reduced to...
useGroovoid ? music.play ('UI-Click1') : music.playNote (1,1,175,77,127,1000);
|


Christian Critic's Movie Parables - http://www.christiancritic.com
FIGHT CLUB (opens October 15th) [ no stars - cannot recommend ] ===============================
DIRECTED BY: David Fincher STARRING: Brad Pitt, Edward Norton, Helena Bonham Carter, Meat Loaf, Jared Leto WRITTEN BY: Jim Uhls RATED: R for disturbing and graphic depiction of violent anti-social behavior, sexuality and language. SCRIPTURE REFERENCES: James 4:1-3, Ephesians 6:12, Proverbs 4:14-19
Just two weeks ago, I reviewed a movie in which sixteen different kinds of devil spirits could be identified as influencing the actions of the on screen characters. Of course, there are more than just those sixteen classifications. Now I understand why the one film only used the sixteen. The others were needed on the set of FIGHT CLUB, a disturbing and twisted cinematic roller coaster of a ride.
David Fincher (SEVEN) does not flinch or shy away from depicting a nihilistic view of society. Instead he embraces the challenge of making two self-destructive characters his likable leads. He paints the bleak and darkly comedic picture with the skill and adeptness of a genuine auteur. The film is original, inventive, and spiritually nauseating all at the same time.
Edward Norton (AMERICAN HISTORY X) narrates the film for us as Jack, an insomniac so disillusioned and disenfranchised with life that he regularly visits different support groups in order to experience some kind of cathartic release which enables him to sleep. Testicular Cancer, Alcoholics Anonymous, Brain Tumors R Us... it doesn't matter, although it would appear that the more painful the affliction, the greater the emotional release. Ergo, the sweeter the sleep.
His need for this perverse charade is eliminated once he meets Tyler Durden (Brad Pitt, MEET JOE BLACK). In hindsight, his continuing the pretense of having testicular cancer would have been a lot saner than following the direction of this charasmatic, unconventional, soap salesman. Together, Tyler and Jack discover the therapuetic benefits of beating the living daylights out of another human being (or conversely, being knocked senseless by another person).
Dubbing their new organization "Fight Club," they begin attracting other followers who, like them, want to fight another person in order to feel the adrenaline rush through their bodies, even as their blood is pouring out. Only then do they truly feel "alive."
This perverse type of logic runs throughout the film. More and more "members" are recruited, joining what has become a "don't ask, don't tell, don't think" army. Having two men pummel one another is no longer sufficient for Tyler's demented psyche, so plans for "Operation Mayhem" are put into action. Fight Club takes on the shape of an underground terrorist organization with their aggression turning outward, targeting the societal ills Tyler deems "responsible" for the desperate plight of mankind.
Jack watches the evolution of the Fight Club he helped to found, feeling a bit left out as the club takes on a life of its own, moving inexorably to an end he cannot control.
The acting is superb, both Mr. Pitt and Mr. Norton demonstrating their consummate talents in difficult and complex roles. Helena Bonham Carter (THE THEORY OF FLIGHT) is very much their acting equal as a tough but troubled girl who inserts herself into Jack's life and home, first by invading his support groups and later by engaging in a violently sexual relationship with Tyler. Meat Loaf (CRAZY IN ALABAMA) and Jared Leto (URBAN LEGEND) also provide strong support as two very different Fight Club members.
As artistically fascinating as the movie may be, the spiritual sickness that it depicts is, at the very least, distasteful. While I have given the movie high praise for its artistic elements and director's vision, the lack of a star rating indicates my strongest caution. This is a movie that depicts characters with no spiritual insight and therefore no defense against devilish logic, influence or possession. The "glitzy" style and the boisterous performances may make it palatable for today's audiences, but when stripped down to its ugly essence, the negative anti-social messages at its core give nihilists worldwide something for which to cheer.
At one point, the no-named, dehumanized members of Tyler's army learn that upon dying, one becomes "human" and finally worthy of being called by a proper name. This sick message is something the author of death would dearly love to promote.
Michael Elliott October, 1999 http://www.christiancritic.com
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Project portfolio management begins with portfolio planning—normally a yearly exercise spinning off from activity EA-1, “Defining the IT Strategy.” Portfolio planning takes up the input from the IT strategy—business and IT demands, current gaps, maxims, and high-level strategic initiatives — and translates it into work packages for projects. The program managers, under the stewardship of the CIO, fiercely engage in defining, prioritizing, and estimating IT projects.
What is a portfolio? A portfolio refers to an abstract collection of programs and projects gathered for management convenience. The constituents do not necessarily have a common business theme. The main purpose of the portfolio is creating value and maximizing return on investment.
A program, on the other hand, is a collection of projects sharing a common business case or objective. It is meant to realize business benefits defined by the business case. In both cases, a project is a temporary endeavor to accomplish a prescribed unit of work, usually constrained by timeframe, budget, and deliverables. For the sake of brevity, key elements of portfolio, program, and project are summarized in Table 3-9.
It may be noted that the management attention and approach in portfolio management starkly differ from the traditional way of running projects. Without portfolio management, once a project has been funded its business value is normally not reexamined again. The monitoring focus is only on key metrics, such as quality, schedule, and scope. With portfolio management, however, you review the portfolio periodically—typically quarterly—and you question each project: “Does this project still make sense?”
If it does not, you take corrective action. The projects are viewed in relation to one another, not as a stand-alone venture in isolation. This approach allows balancing the projects in the portfolio: High-risk projects are complemented by safe projects, short-term by long-term ones. One should continuously rebalance the portfolio to maximize the value and optimize the return on investment. The principles and approaches employed here are essentially those applied to managing a financial portfolio.
IT portfolio management indeed stems from the concepts in financial portfolio management, whereas EA has its roots in architecture and technology. The two are separate disciplines and carry different genes. Yet they must be fully integrated with each other, as both have a common goal: Evolve the enterprise IT landscape in a strategic direction to maximize benefit realization in the long run. In the process, both practice areas attempt to take organizational politics out of IT investment decisions.


Boris the Bird
Boris is a Quaker or "Monk" Parakeet. Monk parakeets are highly intelligent, social birds. Those kept as pets routinely develop large vocabularies. They are able to learn scores of words and phrases. Due to this early speaking ability, it is overtaking the cockatiel as the favorite bird to teach to talk. Another asset is that this bird has a much more reasonable life span and price than African grey parrots or the yellow-naped amazon.


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: 100k vMotions in Production author: display_name: iguy login: iguy email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: '' author_login: iguy author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>wordpress_id: 570 wordpress_url: http://itsjustanotherlayer.com/?p=570 date: !binary |- MjAxMS0wNy0xMSAwOToyNTo0NiAtMDUwMA== date_gmt: !binary |- MjAxMS0wNy0xMSAxNDoyNTo0NiAtMDUwMA== categories: - VMware tags: - ESX - VMotion - VMware comments: - id: 134 author: Greg author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: http://gregcarriger.wordpress.com date: !binary |- MjAxMS0wNy0xMSAxMzo0NToxNyAtMDUwMA== date_gmt: !binary |- MjAxMS0wNy0xMSAxODo0NToxNyAtMDUwMA== content: ! 'That''s impressive! Makes me think of the man who drove his Chevy Silverado 1 million miles. My 5 host production cluster is at 572 vMotions. :)' - id: 135 author: NiTRo author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: http://www.hypervisor.fr date: !binary |- MjAxMS0wNy0xMSAxNzozODoyMyAtMDUwMA== date_gmt: !binary |- MjAxMS0wNy0xMSAyMjozODoyMyAtMDUwMA== content: Awesome iguy, would you tell us how old is your cluster ? - id: 136 author: iguy author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: http://www.itsjustanotherlayer.com date: !binary |- MjAxMS0wNy0xMSAyMTozMTowNiAtMDUwMA== date_gmt: !binary |- MjAxMS0wNy0xMiAwMjozMTowNiAtMDUwMA== content: This cluster is about 2 years old right now. - id: 697 author: Benedict author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003407207548 date: !binary |- MjAxMi0xMi0yMiAxNzoyODoxNiAtMDYwMA== date_gmt: !binary |- MjAxMi0xMi0yMiAyMzoyODoxNiAtMDYwMA== content: Thank you for all your nice articles.Now I have a qusioetn about the performance of vCenter Server.Will vCenter Server be the bottleneck?1) vCenter Server obtains the realtime resource usage information of every VM. And the powered on VM can reach 10000 in a vCenter Server.2) I have thought that for every DRS cluster there will be a DRS module. The DRS module is responsible for the VM placement and load balance. What's more, the DRS module and vCenter Server lie on different hosts. But my thought might be wrong. the DRS modules of all the clusters and vCenter Server lie on the same module.I could not imagine how could vCenter Server on a single host could handle so many requests And will vCenter Server be the bottleneck?Thank you. - id: 3506 author: softeclipse author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: http://tent.scouting.my/link.php?url=https://www.smore.com/bh6c date: !binary |- MjAxNC0wOS0yMCAxMDoxNjowOCAtMDUwMA== date_gmt: !binary |- MjAxNC0wOS0yMCAxNToxNjowOCAtMDUwMA== content: ! "I think what you said made a lot of sense. However, consider this, what if you were to create a awesome headline?\r\nI ain't saying your information isn't good., \r\nbut suppose you added a title that makes people want more?\r\nI mean 100k vMotions in Production | Its Just Another Layer \r\nis kinda boring. You might look at Yahoo's home page and watch \r\nhow they create post titles to grab viewers interested.\r\n\r\nYou might add a video or a related pic or two to grab readers \r\nexcited about what you've written. Just my opinion, it could bring your blog \r\na little bit more interesting." - id: 3818 author: ncaa author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: http://probettingadvices.tumblr.com/post/96879200353/4-surprises-that-can-happen-in-the-final-weeks-of-the date: !binary |- MjAxNC0xMC0xOCAwNzoyMzoxMCAtMDUwMA== date_gmt: !binary |- MjAxNC0xMC0xOCAxMjoyMzoxMCAtMDUwMA== content: ! "I was curious if you ever considered changing the layout of your site?\r\n\r\nIts very well written; I love what youve \r\ngot to say. But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so \r\npeople could connect with it better. Youve got an awful lot of text for \r\nonly having one or 2 pictures. Maybe you could space it out \r\nbetter?" ---
I logged into the environment and was checking some things out and we just recently broke a rather important milestone.
In our production environment one of our oldest clusters just broke 100,000 vMotions (or more accurately since they aren't at ESXi 4.1U1 yet, VMotions).
This cluster has weathered the ups and downs of a functional vSphere cluster with hosts going into an out of Maintenance Mode, Hardware failures and general maintenance. This cluster we had over allocated on CPU for a couple months per our standard policy, though we got no real complaints about performance there. We have since updated that policy and I'm sure the number of vMotions has slowed down somewhat.
Just proof that vMotions/DRS & the entire vSphere solution is valid and solid. Here's to another 100k vMotions.


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Carlton City Hotel Singapore
Conrad Centennial Singapore
Destination Beach Road Singapore (Premier Inn Singapore)
Four Points by Sheraton Singapore, Riverview
Furama Riverfront Singapore
Hotel Grand Pacific Singapore
Hotel Jen Tanglin Singapore
ibis Singapore on Bencoolen
PARKROYAL on Kitchener Road
Ramada Singapore at Zhongshan Park
Sofitel Singapore Sentosa Resort and Spa
The Ritz-Carlton, Millenia Singapore
The Westin Singapore


Welcome to the Calculator website.
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your you will be able to discover
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ContinueA million wishes are flooding your timelines and private message box, me so many sweet memories to look back. I know how lucky I am to have you as my friend because people with good hearts as yours don’t come by all the time. Happy birthday, my friend.
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Class: References::Reference
- Inherits:
-
Object
- Object
- References::Reference
- Includes:
- Comparable
- Defined in:
- lib/references/reference.rb
Overview
Represent references to resources in a document, it can be e-documents papers, book and also magazines. To create a #Reference you need know the DSL to make, is so simple: end
Instance Attribute Summary (collapse)
-
- (Object) authors
Returns the value of attribute authors.
-
- (Object) datee
Returns the value of attribute datee.
Instance Method Summary (collapse)
-
- (Object) <=>(other)
Define the method to compare several Reference objects.
-
- (Object) author(hash)
Let, set a author/s in a Reference.
-
- (Object) cantidadAuthors
Cuantity of authors set.
- - (Object) cantidadIsbn
- - (Object) cantidadSeries
-
- (Object) date(date)
A Reference only can have a date.
-
- (Object) editorial(editorial)
A Reference only can have a editorial.
-
- (Object) formatAPA
Not specification in the Reference abstract class.
- - (Object) hasDate
- - (Object) hasEdition
- - (Object) hasEditionnumber
-
- (Object) hasTitle
Is have set a title?.
-
- (Reference) initialize(&block)
constructor
Take a block.
-
- (Object) prettyOutput(array)
This function let format a array to prettitied its output adding a '&' before to last element.
-
- (Object) title(title)
A Reference only can have a title.
Constructor Details
- (Reference) initialize(&block)
Take a block
30 31 32 |
# File 'lib/references/reference.rb', line 30 def initialize(&block) instance_eval &block end |
Instance Attribute Details
- (Object) authors
Returns the value of attribute authors
28 29 30 |
# File 'lib/references/reference.rb', line 28 def @authors end |
- (Object) datee
Returns the value of attribute datee
28 29 30 |
# File 'lib/references/reference.rb', line 28 def datee @datee end |
Instance Method Details
- (Object) <=>(other)
Define the method to compare several Reference objects
79 80 81 82 83 84 85 |
# File 'lib/references/reference.rb', line 79 def <=>(other) int = other. <=> @authors if int = 0 int = other.datee <=> @datee end int end |
- (Object) author(hash)
Let, set a author/s in a Reference. You can define some authors, only calling this n-repeated times
36 37 38 39 40 41 |
# File 'lib/references/reference.rb', line 36 def (hash) if @authors.nil? @authors = [] end @authors << References::Name.new(hash[:surnames], hash[:names]) end |
- (Object) cantidadAuthors
Cuantity of authors set
88 89 90 |
# File 'lib/references/reference.rb', line 88 def cantidadAuthors() @authors.length() end |
- (Object) cantidadIsbn
133 134 135 |
# File 'lib/references/reference.rb', line 133 def cantidadIsbn @isbn.length end |
- (Object) cantidadSeries
101 102 103 104 105 106 107 |
# File 'lib/references/reference.rb', line 101 def cantidadSeries if @serie!= nil then 1 else 0 end end |
- (Object) date(date)
A Reference only can have a date. If you call this function twice times, this overwrite the las value The hash must have a :year => Number, :month => Number, :day => Number
61 62 63 |
# File 'lib/references/reference.rb', line 61 def date(date) @datee = Date.new(date[:year],date[:month],date[:day]) end |
- (Object) editorial(editorial)
A Reference only can have a editorial. If you call this function twice times, this overwrite the las value The hash must have a :serie => String, :edition => String, :editionnumber => Number
52 53 54 55 56 |
# File 'lib/references/reference.rb', line 52 def editorial(editorial) @serie = editorial[:serie] @edition = editorial[:edition] @editionnumber = editorial[:editionnumber] end |
- (Object) formatAPA
Not specification in the Reference abstract class
138 139 140 |
# File 'lib/references/reference.rb', line 138 def formatAPA "Not format abstract class" end |
- (Object) hasDate
125 126 127 128 129 130 131 |
# File 'lib/references/reference.rb', line 125 def hasDate if @datee then true else false end end |
- (Object) hasEdition
109 110 111 112 113 114 115 |
# File 'lib/references/reference.rb', line 109 def hasEdition if @edition then true else false end end |
- (Object) hasEditionnumber
117 118 119 120 121 122 123 |
# File 'lib/references/reference.rb', line 117 def hasEditionnumber if @editionnumber then true else false end end |
- (Object) hasTitle
Is have set a title?
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 |
# File 'lib/references/reference.rb', line 93 def hasTitle if @title then true else false end end |
- (Object) prettyOutput(array)
This function let format a array to prettitied its output adding a '&' before to last element.
68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 |
# File 'lib/references/reference.rb', line 68 def prettyOutput(array) if array.length > 1 array[0..-2].join("") + " & " + array[-1] elsif array.length == 1 array[0] else "" end end |
- (Object) title(title)
A Reference only can have a title. If you call this function twice times this, overwrite the las value
45 46 47 |
# File 'lib/references/reference.rb', line 45 def title(title) @title = title end |


I am a Responsive Designer & Developer who is continuing to learn coding and continue my trade of massage therapy. When I'm not doing either of those, I have fun with crochet, baking from scratch, reading and watch Big Bang Theory. My top three books that I've read this year are Everything is Figureoutable by Marie Forleo, The Hidden Oracle by Rick Riordan, and Behind the Throne by K.B. Wagers.
There really wasn't much to do in the car except what I had with me. Generally books, listen to music, and play on the laptop. Sometimes I'd color but the roads were bumpy so coloring wasn't a prefered option on the road. When I was home I liked watching movies and playing video games like Spyro and ZooTycoon.
Now, when I'm not at work, I crochet, I read, and ocassionally try baking from scratch. My most recent acquistion of skills is coding. I still play video games ocassionally but not as often as the other hobbies.


Camera, apparent tripwire found near Charlottesville statue
CHARLOTTESVILLE, Va. (AP) - Police have removed an unauthorized camera and apparent tripwire device from the vicinity of a Confederate monument in Charlottesville, Virginia.
Charlottesville police spokesman Tyler Hawn said Monday that neither the camera nor the “self-made” device belonged to police. He says officers removed them soon after citizens reported their presence.
Hawn declined to describe the device beyond saying it didn’t appear to present any threat. Social media posts showed what looked like a tripwire attached to a bell by the base of the statue of Confederate Gen. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson.
The city has been trying to remove the statue of Jackson and another of Gen. Robert E. Lee, but a judge has prevented that amid ongoing litigation.
The statues have become the frequent target of vandalism in recent months.
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Please read our comment policy before commenting.


--- layout: post title: Five Awesome Deals for College Students date: 2012-05-20 09:27:52.000000000 -07:00 type: post parent_id: '0' published: true pd: '' status: publish categories: - Classroom Talk - Guest Posts tags: - College - college deals - College Prep - saving money in college - Saving on college costs - student deals author: login: k email: k@k display_name: mcary first_name: '' last_name: '' ---
Guest Post By Aaron
Going to college can be an exciting experience, but most college students don't exactly have a lot of cash to spare. By the time you somehow find enough money to pay for tuition, books, lab fees, room and board, and anything else you need for class, there isn't much left over. Luckily, there are a number of companies who market to college students and understand that many of them are financially challenged. If you are a college student, there are a few different ways that you could save money on the things that you need to buy.
Getting Things Done
When you are going to school, it can be very difficult to keep up with all of the things that you have to do. You might have a test that you need to study for in Econ, while at the same time you have to work on a presentation in your Management class. By the time you get home from your part-time job and visit with your roommates, you might have a hard time remembering all the things that you need to do. If you find yourself in this situation, using an application known as Producteev can be a lifesaver. Producteev is an advanced "to do list" and it is available for free for anyone who signs up with a college email address. This program will help you room are all of the things that you have to do and allocate specific amounts of time for them.
Saving on Textbooks
One of the biggest expenses that you have to incur every semester is paying for textbooks. The textbook companies aren't exactly lining up to discount their prices even though they know college students don't have a lot of money. However, this doesn't mean that you have to spend an arm and a leg when it comes to getting access to the textbooks you need. One option to consider is renting the textbooks from a local bookstore. Instead of paying full price for the books, you just pay a nominal monthly fee.
Another option to consider is getting them from Amazon on a Kindle. Amazon offers a textbook rental service that is as much as 80 percent cheaper than paying for the book. You can read the book on your Kindle, on a computer or on a device like your iPhone or iPad. You can rent the book for as little as 30 days or as long as a year. You can even extend your rental period for a single day if you need to. This really is the cheapest way to get access to the textbooks that you need.
Wi-Fi Access
When you're in college, you need to be able to get on the Internet all the time. Whether you're getting a copy of the notes from a class you missed or watching an online lecture, you need Internet access. With the help of Connectify, this process can be a little bit easier. With Connectify, you can turn any Windows computer into a wireless hotspot. You don't even need to buy any additional hardware to make it work.
If you sign up for the service with a college e-mail address, you will not have to pay the standard fee for the service. Once you sign up, you download a software program to your computer and then it creates a Wi-Fi network for you. You will then have the ability to connect to the Wi-Fi network with your smartphone, tablet computer or laptop without any problem.
File Sharing
If you access files in multiple locations, having access to a file sharing service can be invaluable. Dropbox is one of the best known file sharing services available. If you're a college student and you sign up with your college email address, you're going to be able to access the service absolutely free.
Aaron is a freelance writer and current english student. He attends one of those legitimate online colleges that people hear so much about.


# This code is part of Ansible, but is an independent component.
# This particular file snippet, and this file snippet only, is BSD licensed.
# Modules you write using this snippet, which is embedded dynamically by Ansible
# still belong to the author of the module, and may assign their own license
# to the complete work.
#
# Copyright (c), Michael DeHaan<EMAIL_ADDRESS>2012-2013
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
# are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
# INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
# PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
# USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
import json
from ansible.module_utils.urls import fetch_url
AXAPI_PORT_PROTOCOLS = {
'tcp': 2,
'udp': 3,
}
AXAPI_VPORT_PROTOCOLS = {
'tcp': 2,
'udp': 3,
'fast-http': 9,
'http': 11,
'https': 12,
}
[docs]def a10_argument_spec():
return dict(
host=dict(type='str', required=True),
username=dict(type='str', aliases=['user', 'admin'], required=True),
password=dict(type='str', aliases=['pass', 'pwd'], required=True, no_log=True),
write_config=dict(type='bool', default=False)
)
[docs]def axapi_failure(result):
if 'response' in result and result['response'].get('status') == 'fail':
return True
return False
[docs]def axapi_call(module, url, post=None):
'''
Returns a datastructure based on the result of the API call
'''
rsp, info = fetch_url(module, url, data=post)
if not rsp or info['status'] >= 400:
module.fail_json(msg="failed to connect (status code %s), error was %s" % (info['status'], info.get('msg', 'no error given')))
try:
raw_data = rsp.read()
data = json.loads(raw_data)
except ValueError:
# at least one API call (system.action.write_config) returns
# XML even when JSON is requested, so do some minimal handling
# here to prevent failing even when the call succeeded
if 'status="ok"' in raw_data.lower():
data = {"response": {"status": "OK"}}
else:
data = {"response": {"status": "fail", "err": {"msg": raw_data}}}
except:
module.fail_json(msg="could not read the result from the host")
finally:
rsp.close()
return data
[docs]def axapi_authenticate(module, base_url, username, password):
url = '%s&method=authenticate&username=%s&password=%s' % (base_url, username, password)
result = axapi_call(module, url)
if axapi_failure(result):
return module.fail_json(msg=result['response']['err']['msg'])
sessid = result['session_id']
return base_url + '&session_id=' + sessid
[docs]def axapi_enabled_disabled(flag):
'''
The axapi uses 0/1 integer values for flags, rather than strings
or booleans, so convert the given flag to a 0 or 1. For now, params
are specified as strings only so thats what we check.
'''
if flag == 'enabled':
return 1
else:
return 0
[docs]def axapi_get_port_protocol(protocol):
return AXAPI_PORT_PROTOCOLS.get(protocol.lower(), None)
[docs]def axapi_get_vport_protocol(protocol):
return AXAPI_VPORT_PROTOCOLS.get(protocol.lower(), None)


Proficient with C, C++, C#, Java, HTML, SQL, Git
Comfortable with Python, Swift, Javascript, CSS, Excel VBA Macros
Computer Operations Aide at the Office of Technology Managment at the University of Illinois at Chicago
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.
Card link Another link


{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block title %}{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Select file to upload:
Select files to download:


In this section, we'll take a look at three IT companies and two leading automaker companies who are currently working on autonomous car vehicles, based on 2017 Navigant Research on Automated Driving.
This chart made by Navigant Research illustrates each company's score in terms of how established and comprehensive its current deployment of advanced driver assistance systems. The criteria included vision, go-to-market strategy, partners, technology, products and etc, which means that the research team gave higher scores to companies with potentail of long-term success in developing autonomous car rather than their current status.
Among many companies in this chart, we'll analyse Ford, GM, Waymo and Tesla. In addition to that, we'll also look at Nvidia.
-
Ford
- Overall Score: 85.0
- Strategy: 91.5
- Execution: 77.9
Ford was an early participant in the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Grand Challenge program. In 2012 at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Executive Chairman Bill Ford revealed a long-term plan for fully autonomous cars arriving in the late-2020s.
Ford started to develop and test autonomous cars, while also investing in companies producing supporting technologies and services. Ford invested $150 million in Velodyne, a lidar manufacturer, and invested $1 billion in Argo AI, a secretive artificial intelligence startup. In 2017, Ford also announced that it will partner with Lyft on self-driving cars. In 2016, Ford announced plans to produce a Level 4 capable automated vehicle in 2021. [1] -
GM
- Overall Score: 84.8
- Strategy: 87.9
- Execution: 81.6
GM ranked 2 in the Navigant Research because it made many big investements in self-driving cars. GM invested $500 million in Lyft, a ride-hailing provider. GM also acquired self-driving car startup Cruise Automation for $581 million in July 2016, to apply its image recognition technology into GM's autonomous driving system. They developed Chevrolet Bolt EV, which was designed specifically for ride-hailing services, and CEO Mary Barra announced that the company will begin testing its automated Bolt on Michigan roads. [1]
-
Google / Waymo
- Overall Score: 73.4
- Strategy: 76.6
- Execution: 70.2
Unlike Nvidia, Google built their own autonomous cars from scratch. The project was started in 2009, aiming to build a fully-functioning autonomous system that can run 100-mile route. In 2013, Google announced that vehicles with the system were driven more than 300,000 miles on freeways with test drivers.
In 2015, they revealed a prototype that doesn’t have any steering wheel, pedals and drivers. In 2016, Google’s autonomous car project got larger and became a separate company called ‘Waymo’. And their driverless taxi service will be launched very soon, starting in Arizona after Arizona’s department of transportation gave Waymo a permit to run a TNC (transportation network company). [2] [3]
-
Tesla
- Overall Score: 64.5
- Strategy: 67.7
- Execution: 61.2
All of the Tesla’s cars have autopilot system in them. Tesla’s autopilot feature was first introduced in 2015, which is capable of autonomous driving in limited environments. In 2016, Tesla included new hardwares new hardware that includes 8 surround cameras, 12 ultrasonic sensors, a forward-facing radar with enhanced processing and Nvidia Drive PX 2 GPU for CUDA based computation. [4]
Even though Tesla’s hardwares are capable of fully autonomous driving systems, their self-driving softwares are far behind from other companies.Their enhanced autopilot can be used only in highway, and the drivers should put their hands on the wheel while using autopilot. (Which is classified as Level 2 in autonomy). Unlike the common anticipation that Tesla will make a lead in autonomous car race, Tesla was ranked last out of 19 companies in the recent Navigant Research. [5]
-
Nvidia
Nvidia was originally a company that manufactures graphics processing unit (GPU). However, after Nvidia released a parallel computing platform called ‘CUDA’, which allows scientists and researchers to use GPUs for general purpose processing, it became the most influential company in deep learning (artificial intelligence), data analytics and etc. Since it is nearly impossible and inefficient to explicitly write an autonomous driving system, most companies uses deep learning to develop a driverless car system.
Nvidia, instead of developing its own autonomous car, decided to release an AI platform for autonomous driving called ‘Nvidia Drive’, which are currently used in over 320 companies including Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Tesla, Volvo and Uber. [2] Many companies' usage of Nvidia's technology implies that self-driving vehicle needs a huge computing powers, since it uses high resolution 360 degree cameras, lidars and etc, which means that Nvidia will become one of the most influential companies in future autonomous vehicle market.
Read the full version of Navigant Research report here.
References
- Navigant Research Leaderboard Report: Automated Driving [1]
- Waymo Website [2]
- Driverless taxis have arrived: Google's Waymo is given the green light to launch a fully autonomous self-driving cab service in Arizona [3]
- Tesla is about to increase its lead in semi-autonomous driving w/ ‘Tesla Vision’: computer vision based on NVIDIA’s parallel computing [4]
- The most impressive things Tesla's cars can do in Autopilot [5]


The Colorado R Collaborative is part of an R Consortium-funded grant that supports community-led, locally-organized R development events around the world, otherwise known as R Community Collaboratives.
At the Colorado R Collab, you'll team up with R users and developers of all skill levels. Together, you will create a valuable data product that will contribute directly to a research team at Colorado State University.
This year's theme will be Sports and Movement, and participants at the event will work on developing R code and methods to explore and analyze data on this topic contributed by researchers from Colorado State University. Whether you are an experienced developer or an R-user-to-be, you have something to contribute to this event. Our event is open to a wide range of experience levels and attendee backgrounds, and we seek to encourage diverse groups to contribute to the larger R community.
If you’re interested in learning more about what you’ll be doing at the event, take a look at the schedule for other R Collaborative events, including last year's Chicago R Collaborative, peruse our Code of Conduct, or reach out to corcollab [at] gmail.com if you have questions!


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block title %}Home{% endblock title %} {% block extrahead %} {% endblock extrahead %} {% block home %}
Art. Craft. Classroom Projects. A miscellaneous collection of ideas and creations by Annie Potter.
{% endblock home %} {% block content %} {% endblock content %}


VIRTUAL HELSINKI
Welcome to Virtual Helsinki, virtual smart capital of Finland. Virtual Helsinki utilizes and presents open data that is available in Helsinki area, such as public traffic, restaurant information and real estate market.
You can move your avatar in Virtual Helsinki with computer arrow keys and by pressing down left and right sides of your mouse while you move it. Check it out!
enter username for chat:
Virtual Helsinki has been implemented with FIWARE open software generic enablers. The 3D platform is based on realXtend 3D virtual framework and Web Tundra. Avatar and chat applications use FIWARE GEs such as 2D UI, 3D UI, Virtual Characters and Synchronization. Open data can be present as Points of Interest using POI enablers and it can run through FIWARE Context Broker and Orion technologies.


Custom searches are written
in JSON
format. Here
are the docs and here are some quick examples:
{ "name-matches": "zen.2457644.%.xx.HH.uvc" }
{
"name-matches": "%.xx.HH.uvc",
"session-id-is-exactly":<PHONE_NUMBER>
}
If you’re having trouble with the syntax, try pasting your search
into jsonlint.com.


{{Wiktionary|pepper}} Pepper or Peppers may refer to:
{{TOC right}}
Contents |
The genus Piper of the pepper family (Piperaceae), including for example:
The genus Capsicum of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), including for example:
The genus Pimenta (genus) of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), including for example:
Other plants known as peppers:
{{disambiguation|plants}}


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block pageTitle %} GOV.UK prototyping kit {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% import "release2-2/elements.html" as elements %} {% for page in data %} {% for question in page.gettingOut %} {{ elements.backButton(page,question) }} {{ elements.header(page,question) }} {% set seq =[ {"id":"allTheTime","label":"All the time","value":"All the time","showPanel":"details"}, {"id":"moreThanHalf","label":"More than half the time","value":"More than half the time","showPanel":"details"}, {"id":"lessThanHalf","label":"Less than half the time","value":"Less than half the time","showPanel":"details"}, {"id":"noneTheTime","label":"None of the time","value":"None of the time","hidePanel":"details"}, {"id":"tellUsOwn","label":"Tell us how often in your own words","value":"Tell us how often in your own words","showPanel":"details", "target" : "target2", "textbox" : false, "textboxId" : "ownGettingOut", "textboxanswer" : answers.ownGettingOut} ] %} {{elements.radioSelect('gettingOutFreq',question.question,question.gettingHint,answers.gettingOutFreq,seq)}} {% set seq = [ {id:"conditionAffect1",label:"You cannot leave your home",value:"You cannot leave your home"}, {id:"conditionAffect2",label:"5 to 20 metres (eg to the street outside your home)",value:"5 to 20 metres (eg to the street outside your home)"}, {id:"conditionAffect3",label:"20 to 50 metres (eg to the end of your street)",value:"20 to 50 metres (eg to the end of your street)"}, {id:"conditionAffect4",label:"50 to 100 metres (eg around the supermarket)",value:"50 to 100 metres (eg around the supermarket)"}, {id:"conditionAffect5",label:"100 to 200 metres (eg to the local shop)",value:"100 to 200 metres (eg to the local shop)"}, {id:"conditionAffect6",label:"Over 200 metres (eg around town)",value:"Over 200 metres (eg around town)"}, {"id":"conditionAffect6", "label":question.otherWayLabel, "value":question.otherWayLabel, "target" : "conditionAffectOther", "textarea" : true, "textareaId" : "conditionAffectOther", "textareaLabel" : "", "textareaAnswer" : answers.conditionAffectOther } ] %} {{ elements.checkbox('conditionAffect',"checkbox",question.question3,'',seq,answers,answers.conditionAffect) }} {{ elements.textarea("whyDoes",question.question5,answers.whyDoes,"","") }} {{ elements.textarea("howDoYou",question.question6,answers.howDoYou,question.gettingHowHint,"","") }} {{ elements.submit(page,question) }} {{ elements.helpline(page) }} {{ elements.validation(page,question) }} {% endfor %} {% endfor %} {% endblock %}


I am Dimitrios Irodotou (he/him/his) and I am a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Helsinki, Finland.
My research currently focuses on developing a black hole accretion and feedback model for single and binary black holes, which will be implemented in the KETJU code.
In 2021, I obtained my PhD at the University of Sussex, United Kingdom. I researched the structural and dynamical properties of galaxies and their components, as well as the effects of AGN feedback on stellar dynamics. To investigate these topics I used various theoretical tools, such as the L-Galaxies semi-analytic model, the EAGLE cosmological simulation, the FLARES suite of zoom-in re-simulations, and the Auriga suite of magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of Milky Way-like galaxies.
Here, you can find more information about my research.


Folders
<Go Back>
01-destru...g.html
05-destru...g.html
09-object...t.html
13-spread...r.html
02-destru...g.html
06-object...t.html
10-spread...r.html
14-spread...r.html
03-destru...g.html
07-object...t.html
11-spread...r.html
15-spread...r.html
04-destru...g.html
08-object...t.html
12-spread...r.html
right.html
Folders: 1
Files: 16
Size of all files: 13485 KB


@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import uk.gov.hmrc.govukfrontend.views.html.components._ @import config.ApplicationConfig @this(govukPanel : GovukPanel, mainLayout: views.html.mainLayout) @(agentName: String, assignedToMessageKey: Option[String])(implicit request: Request[_], messages: Messages, config: ApplicationConfig) @mainLayout( pageTitle = messages("propertyRepresentation.confirmation.title", agentName), backUri = None ) { @govukPanel(Panel( title = Text(messages("propertyRepresentation.confirmation.title", agentName)), content = HtmlContent("") )) @assignedToMessageKey.map{ messageKey =>
@messages(messageKey)
}@messages("propertyRepresentation.confirmation.thisAgentCan")
@Html(messages("propertyRepresentation.confirmation.whatHappensNext.p1", controllers.agent.routes.ManageAgentController.showAgents.url))
}


Give $5, Get $5
Back to FAQ homeCan I earn credit from referring my friends?
Yeah! With Curtsy's new referral program you'll earn $5 for every friend that shops using your promo code. They'll also get $5 off their order.
How can I share my promo code?
There are two ways to share your code:
- After you post an item, you'll be prompted to share that item to your Insta story. We'll include your promo code at the bottom of that story.
- From your profile (the girl icon in the lower right), you'll see an option for "Give $5, Get $5," tap that to share your promo code with your friends.
How will I know if my friend uses my promo code to shop?
You'll get a notification when your friend used your code and the $5 credit was added to your Curtsy Wallet.
Is there a limit to how much I can earn?
Not at all-- share your code and your love for Curtsy with as many people as you like :)
Go to FAQ home


Constructor
new BaseScrape()
Initialized html property
- Source:
Methods
getHTML()
Captures the page source of the page the user's active page
Uses pageCapture
- Source:
Returns:
getIngredients() → {Array}
Parses and returns ingredients of a recipe
- Source:
Returns:
Array of Strings reprsenting the ingredients in a recipe
- Type
- Array
getMeta() → {Object}
Parses and returns meta data of a recipe
- Source:
Returns:
reprsenting the meta data in a recipe
- Type
- Object
getRecipe() → {Array}
Parses and returns steps of a recipe
- Source:
Returns:
Array of Strings reprsenting the steps in a recipe
- Type
- Array


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Most recent book reviews on QlL:
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This is a placeholder "landing page" file for Perkify. Feel free to augment or replace it, as desired...


Home
Electronics
Clothes
Appliances
Automobiles
Contact us
First Name
Last Name
Email
Password
County
Nairobi
City
CBD/Town Only
Dagorreti South
Roysambu
westlands
Please be more specific


Contents
The CSS box model describes the rectangular boxes that are generated for elements in the document tree and laid out according to the visual formatting model.
Each box has a content area (e.g., text, an image, etc.) and optional surrounding padding, border, and margin areas; the size of each area is specified by properties defined below. The following diagram shows how these areas relate and the terminology used to refer to pieces of margin, border, and padding:
The margin, border, and padding can be broken down into top, right, bottom, and left segments (e.g., in the diagram, "LM" for left margin, "RP" for right padding, "TB" for top border, etc.).
The perimeter of each of the four areas (content, padding, border, and margin) is called an "edge", so each box has four edges:
Each edge may be broken down into a top, right, bottom, and left edge.
The dimensions of the content area of a box — the content width and content height — depend on several factors: whether the element generating the box has the 'width' or 'height' property set, whether the box contains text or other boxes, whether the box is a table, etc. Box widths and heights are discussed in the chapter on visual formatting model details.
The background style of the content, padding, and border areas of a box is specified by the 'background' property of the generating element. Margin backgrounds are always transparent.
This example illustrates how margins, padding, and borders interact. The example HTML document:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">   <TITLE>Examples of margins, padding, and borders</TITLE>

First element of list
Second element of list is a bit longer to illustrate wrapping.

results in a document tree with (among other relationships) a UL element that has two LI children.
The first of the following diagrams illustrates what this example would produce. The second illustrates the relationship between the margins, padding, and borders of the UL elements and those of its children LI elements. (Image is not to scale.)
Note that:
Margin properties specify the width of the margin area of a box. The 'margin' shorthand property sets the margin for all four sides while the other margin properties only set their respective side. These properties apply to all elements, but vertical margins will not have any effect on non-replaced inline elements.
The properties defined in this section refer to the <margin-width> value type, which may take one of the following values:
Negative values for margin properties are allowed, but there may be implementation-specific limits.
| Value: | <margin-width> | inherit |
| Initial: | 0 |
| Applies to: | all elements except elements with table display types other than table-caption, table and inline-table |
| Inherited: | no |
| Percentages: | refer to width of containing block |
| Media: | visual |
| Computed value: | the percentage as specified or the absolute length |
These properties have no effect on non-replaced inline elements.
| Value: | <margin-width> | inherit |
| Initial: | 0 |
| Applies to: | all elements except elements with table display types other than table-caption, table and inline-table |
| Inherited: | no |
| Percentages: | refer to width of containing block |
| Media: | visual |
| Computed value: | the percentage as specified or the absolute length |
These properties set the top, right, bottom, and left margin of a box.
h1 { margin-top: 2em }
| Value: | <margin-width>{1,4} | inherit |
| Initial: | see individual properties |
| Applies to: | all elements except elements with table display types other than table-caption, table and inline-table |
| Inherited: | no |
| Percentages: | refer to width of containing block |
| Media: | visual |
| Computed value: | see individual properties |
The 'margin' property is a shorthand property for setting 'margin-top', 'margin-right', 'margin-bottom', and 'margin-left' at the same place in the style sheet.
If there is only one component value, it applies to all sides. If there are two values, the top and bottom margins are set to the first value and the right and left margins are set to the second. If there are three values, the top is set to the first value, the left and right are set to the second, and the bottom is set to the third. If there are four values, they apply to the top, right, bottom, and left, respectively.
body { margin: 2em } /* all margins set to 2em */ body { margin: 1em 2em } /* top & bottom = 1em, right & left = 2em */ body { margin: 1em 2em 3em } /* top=1em, right=2em, bottom=3em, left=2em */
The last rule of the example above is equivalent to the example below:
body { margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 2em; margin-bottom: 3em; margin-left: 2em; /* copied from opposite side (right) */ }
In CSS, the adjoining margins of two or more boxes (which might or might not be siblings) can combine to form a single margin. Margins that combine this way are said to collapse, and the resulting combined margin is called a collapsed margin.
Adjoining vertical margins collapse, except:
Horizontal margins never collapse.
Two margins are adjoining if and only if:
A collapsed margin is considered adjoining to another margin if any of its component margins is adjoining to that margin.
Note. Adjoining margins can be generated by elements that are not related as siblings or ancestors.
Note the above rules imply that:
When two or more margins collapse, the resulting margin width is the maximum of the collapsing margins' widths. In the case of negative margins, the maximum of the absolute values of the negative adjoining margins is deducted from the maximum of the positive adjoining margins. If there are no positive margins, the maximum of the absolute values of the adjoining margins is deducted from zero.
If the top and bottom margins of a box are adjoining, then it is possible for margins to collapse through it. In this case, the position of the element depends on its relationship with the other elements whose margins are being collapsed.
Note that the positions of elements that have been collapsed through have no effect on the positions of the other elements with whose margins they are being collapsed; the top border edge position is only required for laying out descendants of these elements.
The padding properties specify the width of the padding area of a box. The 'padding' shorthand property sets the padding for all four sides while the other padding properties only set their respective side.
The properties defined in this section refer to the <padding-width> value type, which may take one of the following values:
Unlike margin properties, values for padding values cannot be negative. Like margin properties, percentage values for padding properties refer to the width of the generated box's containing block.
| Value: | <padding-width> | inherit |
| Initial: | 0 |
| Applies to: | all elements except table-row-group, table-header-group, table-footer-group, table-row, table-column-group and table-column |
| Inherited: | no |
| Percentages: | refer to width of containing block |
| Media: | visual |
| Computed value: | the percentage as specified or the absolute length |
These properties set the top, right, bottom, and left padding of a box.
blockquote { padding-top: 0.3em }
| Value: | <padding-width>{1,4} | inherit |
| Initial: | see individual properties |
| Applies to: | all elements except table-row-group, table-header-group, table-footer-group, table-row, table-column-group and table-column |
| Inherited: | no |
| Percentages: | refer to width of containing block |
| Media: | visual |
| Computed value: | see individual properties |
The 'padding' property is a shorthand property for setting 'padding-top', 'padding-right', 'padding-bottom', and 'padding-left' at the same place in the style sheet.
If there is only one component value, it applies to all sides. If there are two values, the top and bottom paddings are set to the first value and the right and left paddings are set to the second. If there are three values, the top is set to the first value, the left and right are set to the second, and the bottom is set to the third. If there are four values, they apply to the top, right, bottom, and left, respectively.
The surface color or image of the padding area is specified via the 'background' property:
h1 { background: white; padding: 1em 2em; }
The example above specifies a '1em' vertical padding ('padding-top' and 'padding-bottom') and a '2em' horizontal padding ('padding-right' and 'padding-left'). The 'em' unit is relative to the element's font size: '1em' is equal to the size of the font in use.
The border properties specify the width, color, and style of the border area of a box. These properties apply to all elements.
Note. Notably for HTML, user agents may render borders for certain user interface elements (e.g., buttons, menus, etc.) differently than for "ordinary" elements.
The border width properties specify the width of the border area. The properties defined in this section refer to the <border-width> value type, which may take one of the following values:
The interpretation of the first three values depends on the user agent. The following relationships must hold, however:
'thin' <='medium' <= 'thick'.
Furthermore, these widths must be constant throughout a document.
| Value: | <border-width> | inherit |
| Initial: | medium |
| Applies to: | all elements |
| Inherited: | no |
| Percentages: | N/A |
| Media: | visual |
| Computed value: | absolute length; '0' if the border style is 'none' or 'hidden' |
These properties set the width of the top, right, bottom, and left border of a box.
| Value: | <border-width>{1,4} | inherit |
| Initial: | see individual properties |
| Applies to: | all elements |
| Inherited: | no |
| Percentages: | N/A |
| Media: | visual |
| Computed value: | see individual properties |
This property is a shorthand property for setting 'border-top-width', 'border-right-width', 'border-bottom-width', and 'border-left-width' at the same place in the style sheet.
If there is only one component value, it applies to all sides. If there are two values, the top and bottom borders are set to the first value and the right and left are set to the second. If there are three values, the top is set to the first value, the left and right are set to the second, and the bottom is set to the third. If there are four values, they apply to the top, right, bottom, and left, respectively.
In the examples below, the comments indicate the resulting widths of the top, right, bottom, and left borders:
h1 { border-width: thin } /* thin thin thin thin */ h1 { border-width: thin thick } /* thin thick thin thick */ h1 { border-width: thin thick medium } /* thin thick medium thick */
The border color properties specify the color of a box's border.
| Value: | <color> | transparent | inherit |
| Initial: | the value of the 'color' property |
| Applies to: | all elements |
| Inherited: | no |
| Percentages: | N/A |
| Media: | visual |
| Computed value: | when taken from the 'color' property, the computed value of 'color'; otherwise, as specified |
| Value: | [ <color> | transparent ]{1,4} | inherit |
| Initial: | see individual properties |
| Applies to: | all elements |
| Inherited: | no |
| Percentages: | N/A |
| Media: | visual |
| Computed value: | see individual properties |
The 'border-color' property sets the color of the four borders. Values have the following meanings:
The 'border-color' property can have from one to four component values, and the values are set on the different sides as for 'border-width'.
If an element's border color is not specified with a border property, user agents must use the value of the element's 'color' property as the computed value for the border color.
In this example, the border will be a solid black line.
p { color: black; background: white; border: solid; }
The border style properties specify the line style of a box's border (solid, double, dashed, etc.). The properties defined in this section refer to the <border-style> value type, which may take one of the following values:
All borders are drawn on top of the box's background. The color of borders drawn for values of 'groove', 'ridge', 'inset', and 'outset' depends on the element's border color properties, but UAs may choose their own algorithm to calculate the actual colors used. For instance, if the 'border-color' has the value 'silver', then a UA could use a gradient of colors from white to dark gray to indicate a sloping border.
| Value: | <border-style> | inherit |
| Initial: | none |
| Applies to: | all elements |
| Inherited: | no |
| Percentages: | N/A |
| Media: | visual |
| Computed value: | as specified |
| Value: | <border-style>{1,4} | inherit |
| Initial: | see individual properties |
| Applies to: | all elements |
| Inherited: | no |
| Percentages: | N/A |
| Media: | visual |
| Computed value: | see individual properties |
The 'border-style' property sets the style of the four borders. It can have from one to four component values, and the values are set on the different sides as for 'border-width' above.
#xy34 { border-style: solid dotted }
In the above example, the horizontal borders will be 'solid' and the vertical borders will be 'dotted'.
Since the initial value of the border styles is 'none', no borders will be visible unless the border style is set.
| Value: | [ <border-width> || <border-style> || <'border-top-color'> ] | inherit |
| Initial: | see individual properties |
| Applies to: | all elements |
| Inherited: | no |
| Percentages: | N/A |
| Media: | visual |
| Computed value: | see individual properties |
This is a shorthand property for setting the width, style, and color of the top, right, bottom, and left border of a box.
h1 { border-bottom: thick solid red }
The above rule will set the width, style, and color of the border below the H1 element. Omitted values are set to their initial values. Since the following rule does not specify a border color, the border will have the color specified by the 'color' property:
H1 { border-bottom: thick solid }
| Value: | [ <border-width> || <border-style> || <'border-top-color'> ] | inherit |
| Initial: | see individual properties |
| Applies to: | all elements |
| Inherited: | no |
| Percentages: | N/A |
| Media: | visual |
| Computed value: | see individual properties |
The 'border' property is a shorthand property for setting the same width, color, and style for all four borders of a box. Unlike the shorthand 'margin' and 'padding' properties, the 'border' property cannot set different values on the four borders. To do so, one or more of the other border properties must be used.
For example, the first rule below is equivalent to the set of four rules shown after it:
p { border: solid red } p { border-top: solid red; border-right: solid red; border-bottom: solid red; border-left: solid red }
Since, to some extent, the properties have overlapping functionality, the order in which the rules are specified is important.
Consider this example:
blockquote { border: solid red; border-left: double; color: black; }
In the above example, the color of the left border is black, while the other borders are red. This is due to 'border-left' setting the width, style, and color. Since the color value is not given by the 'border-left' property, it will be taken from the 'color' property. The fact that the 'color' property is set after the 'border-left' property is not relevant.
For each line box, UAs must take the inline boxes generated for each element and render the margins, borders and padding in visual order (not logical order).
When the element's 'direction' property is 'ltr', the left-most generated box of the first line box in which the element appears has the left margin, left border and left padding, and the right-most generated box of the last line box in which the element appears has the right padding, right border and right margin.
When the element's 'direction' property is 'rtl', the right-most generated box of the first line box in which the element appears has the right padding, right border and right margin, and the left-most generated box of the last line box in which the element appears has the left margin, left border and left padding.


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Katherine Vo's Internet Page
First, the basics.
The Basics
Headings set your default page size
Lists
Let's make an unordered list.
- HTML/CSS underpins most user interfaces now
- CSS tries something so hard no other computer language even bothers
- Javascript got popular from having a runtime in every browser in the world
And now, one in order.
- Gravity by Gryffin: a dance/electronic album that has no skips; songs are upbeat
- Ascend by Illenium: a dance/electronic album that gets me hype; went to the concert in 2019
- World War Joy by The Chainsmokers: a dance/electronic album I like to play when driving
- beerbongs & bentleys by Post Malone: a no-skip album as well and contains hip hop, pop and R&B genres.
- American Teen by Khalid: a very vibey album and I loved the concert in 2017
Inline elements
Sometimes you want to draw attention to something in a line of text.
Sometimes you want to strongly emphasize something in the text.
Sometimes you want to do both.
Empty Elements
Soft line breaks can't wrap anything.
Neither can image tags, or hard lines.
Add a hard line under here.
This page probably doesn't look great - we'll learn how to hook it to CSS next week.