New Year Goals 2 Month Update
It’s two months to the day that I posted my initial goals. Since then, I’ve updated some of my goals, failed a few and, I’m on track to accomplish more.
1. Get Into a Great College
Get Straight A’s (A Range)
Second trimester grades are in. My grades increased as a whole but I still failed to get everything into the A range because one grade dipped.
Get Outstanding SAT Scores (and only have to take them once)
Got my scores back from the first time and I did well but math and writing were lower than normal so I’m going to be retaking them on March 8th. This is the last time.
2. Get Really Fit
Finish out the Wrestling season with a positive record
Failed this one. I ended up going 13-16. I did place at both Ivies and States. I should have finished 3rd at Ivies but I blew a match I had in the bag.
Be Able to do 15 Pullups
No real progress, I need to do this on offdays.
Be able to run a 10K/ Run a sub 24 minute 5k
I’ve been doing some stationary cycling but no jogging. I’ve been focusing more on lifting.
Increase lifting numbers
Lift numbers are getting back to what they were pre-wrestling season. I’m eating a lot and breaking plateaus. My form on deadlift suffers when I get above 200 so I need deload and focus on form.
3. Have someone pay to use a SAAS I built
I’ve moved away from building my own SAAS. Instead I’m working with two friends on butlr, a project that won the hackTrin hackathon. This one is looking good. I’m also continuing freelance web development and just got a new contract.
4. Finish my reading list / Read 20 Books
I finished Short History of Nearly Everything and I’m working on Devil in the White City along with the Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. I need to pick up the pace but free time is limited.
5. Start making music again
This was one I added after the blog post. I want to start playing guitar again and also learn how to make beats. This has been going fine but, once again, it’s not the first thing I want to do when I have free time.
As far as no 0 days go, I always accomplish something but I still feel like I’m wasting time that could be put towards accomplishing these goals. So far, this year has been going great.


| pce_result |
This is a built-in variable representing the value returned by the
associated function.
|
Supported |
| pce_all(expression) |
Universal quantification.
Returns true if the expression evaluates to true for each element in
the specified array(s).
For example, pce_all(u > 0) returns true if the values of all
elements in array u are greater than 0.
|
Planned |
| pce_any(expression) |
Existential quantification.
Returns true if the expression evaluates to true for at least one element
in the specified array(s).
So pce_any(u > 0) returns true if at least one element in array
u is greater than 0.
|
Planned |
| pce_count(expression) |
Returns the count of the number of entries in the array that satisfy
the expression.
For example, pce_count(u > 0) returns the number of elements of
array, u, whose values are greater than 0.
|
Planned |


Module: ActiveRecord::Associations::ThroughAssociation
| Relationships & Source Files | |
| Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance Descendants | |
|
Included In:
| |
| Defined in: | activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb |
Overview
Active Record Through Association
Instance Attribute Summary
- #source_reflection readonly
- #foreign_key_present? ⇒ Boolean readonly private
Instance Method Summary
- #build_record(attributes) private
-
#construct_join_attributes(*records)
private
Construct attributes for
:through
pointing to owner and associate. - #ensure_mutable private
- #ensure_not_nested private
-
#stale_state
private
Note: this does not capture all cases, for example it would be impractical to try to properly support stale-checking for nested associations.
-
#target_scope
private
We merge in these scopes for two reasons:
- #through_association private
- #through_reflection private
Instance Attribute Details
#foreign_key_present? ⇒ Boolean
(readonly, private)
[ GitHub ]
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb', line 85
def foreign_key_present? through_reflection.belongs_to? && !owner[through_reflection.foreign_key].nil? end
#source_reflection (readonly)
[ GitHub ]# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb', line 7
delegate :source_reflection, to: :reflection
Instance Method Details
#build_record(attributes) (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb', line 109
def build_record(attributes) inverse = source_reflection.inverse_of target = through_association.target if inverse && target && !target.is_a?(Array) attributes[inverse.foreign_key] = target.id end super end
#construct_join_attributes(*records) (private)
Construct attributes for :through
pointing to owner and associate. This is used by the methods which create and delete records on the association.
We only support indirectly modifying through associations which have a belongs_to source. This is the “has_many :tags
, through: :taggings” situation, where the join model typically has a belongs_to on both side. In other words, associations which could also be represented as has_and_belongs_to_many associations.
We do not support creating/deleting records on the association where the source has some other type, because this opens up a whole can of worms, and in basically any situation it is more natural for the user to just create or modify their join records directly as required.
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb', line 53
def construct_join_attributes(*records) ensure_mutable association_primary_key = source_reflection.association_primary_key(reflection.klass) if association_primary_key == reflection.klass.primary_key && ! [:source_type] join_attributes = { source_reflection.name => records } else join_attributes = { source_reflection.foreign_key => records.map(&association_primary_key.to_sym) } end if [:source_type] join_attributes[source_reflection.foreign_type] = [ [:source_type] ] end if records.count == 1 join_attributes.transform_values!(&:first) else join_attributes end end
#ensure_mutable (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb', line 89
def ensure_mutable unless source_reflection.belongs_to? if reflection.has_one? raise HasOneThroughCantAssociateThroughHasOneOrManyReflection.new(owner, reflection) else raise HasManyThroughCantAssociateThroughHasOneOrManyReflection.new(owner, reflection) end end end
#ensure_not_nested (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb', line 99
def ensure_not_nested if reflection.nested? if reflection.has_one? raise HasOneThroughNestedAssociationsAreReadonly.new(owner, reflection) else raise HasManyThroughNestedAssociationsAreReadonly.new(owner, reflection) end end end
#stale_state (private)
Note: this does not capture all cases, for example it would be impractical to try to properly support stale-checking for nested associations.
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb', line 79
def stale_state if through_reflection.belongs_to? owner[through_reflection.foreign_key] && owner[through_reflection.foreign_key].to_s end end
#target_scope (private)
We merge in these scopes for two reasons:
1. To get the default_scope conditions for any of the other reflections in the chain
2. To get the type conditions for any STI models in the chain
# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb', line 30
def target_scope scope = super reflection.chain.drop(1).each do |reflection| relation = reflection.klass.scope_for_association scope.merge!( relation.except(:select, :create_with, :includes, :preload, :eager_load, :joins, :left_outer_joins) ) end scope end
#through_association (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb', line 22
def through_association @through_association ||= owner.association(through_reflection.name) end
#through_reflection (private)
[ GitHub ]# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb', line 10
def through_reflection @through_reflection ||= begin refl = reflection.through_reflection while refl.through_reflection? refl = refl.through_reflection end refl end end


Order food from favourite restaurants near you.
Your food will be prepared safely with an experienced chef, without compromising on the quality and hygiene.
Your food will be prepared safely with an experienced chef, without compromising on the quality and hygiene.


--- ---
When Windows is about to shut down, it sends a WM_QUERYENDSESSION message to all open applications. To detect (and prevent shutdown), we must define a message handler for this message. Put this definition in the private section of the main form:
procedure WMQueryEndSession(var Msg: TWMQueryEndSession); message WM_QUERYENDSESSION;
Also, to prevent Windows shutting down put this method in the implementation section of the unit:
procedure TForm1.WMQueryEndSession(var Msg: TWMQueryEndSession); begin if MessageDlg('Close Windows ?', mtConfirmation, [mbYes,mbNo], 0) = mrNo then Msg.Result := 0 else Msg.Result := 1 ; end;
To detect Windows Shutdown, we must trap the WM_ENDSESSION message. Declare a message handling procedure in your main frm's private section:
procedure WMEndSession(var Msg: TWMEndSession); message WM_ENDSESSION;
Also, add the following procedure to the implementation section of your unit:
procedure TForm1.WMEndSession(var Msg: TWMEndSession); begin if Msg.EndSession = True then ShowMessage( 'Windows is shutting down ' + #10#13 + 'at ' + FormatDateTime('c', Now) ); inherited; end;


Instructions
The tables are drag-and-drop or clickable when the options are yes or no.
This is not mobile-friendly and I don't think I'll ever make it so.
There are a number of options at the bottom:
- Hide Used Values
- By default, answers return to the bin regardless of whether they are correct. When this is checked, accurate
answers will become hidden but not change the order of the bin.
- Delete Used Values
- When checked, accurate answers will disappear from the answer bin. Answers in the bin will move around as
accurate answers are placed in the table when this is checked.
- Include First Column
- Useful for when you need to know the order as well as the content of a table.
- Shuffle Rows
- Randomizes the order of the rows.
Contact Me
I can be reached via e-mail at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Updates
I'll try to update it whenever the tests update. If there's a new test and I haven't updated, yet, feel free to
drop me a note at the e-mail address above.
Have Something to Add?
This thing is pretty easy to update, so if you think something should be added or you want to put together some
tables for a different exam, you can find instructions for how to format the tables on
my github.
E-mail it to me and I'll add it here.
****CompTIA A+ 220-901
Motherboard Form Factors
Form Factor Size Metric Size
ATX 12" x 9.6" 305mm x 244mm
Micro-ATX 9.6" x 9.6" 244mm x 244mm
Mini-ITX 6.7" x 6.7" 170mm x 170mm
Nano-ITX 4.7" x 4.7" 120mm x 120mm
Pico-ITX 3.9" x 2.8" 100mm x 72mm
Mobile-ITX 2.4" x 2.4" 60mm x 60mm
++++answer:PGA-ZIF
++++answer:PGA
Intel Sockets
Socket Type Pins Year Supported CPUs
Socket T LGA 775 2004 Pentium 4, Core 2
Socket B LGA 1366 2008 Core i7 (Nehalem)
Socket H / H1 LGA 1156 2009 Core i3/5/7 (Nehalem)
Socket H2 LGA 1155 2011 Sandy/Ivy Bridge
Socket H3 LGA 1150 2013 Haswell, Broadwell
Socket R LGA 2011 2011 Sandy/Ivy Bridge/Haswell-E/EP
++++answer:LGA
++++answer:PGA
AMD Sockets
Socket Type Pins Year Supported CPUs
AM3 PGA-ZIF 941 2009 Athlon II / Phenom II
AM3+ PGA-ZIF 942 2011 Athlon II / Phenom II
FM1 PGA-ZIF 905 2011 AMD 10h
FM2 Micro PGA-ZIF 904 2012 Piledriver
FM2+ PGA-ZIF 906 2014 Steamroller
RAM Types
Type Pins Notches Voltage
SDR DIMM 168 2 3.3
DDR DIMM 184 1 2.5
DDR2 DIMM 240 1 1.8
DDR3 DIMM 240 1 1.5
DDR SO-DIMM 200 1 2.5
DDR2 SO-DIMM 200 1 1.8
DDR3 SO-DIMM 204 1 1.5
DDR Micro-DIMM 172 0 2.5
DDR2 Micro-DIMM 214 0 1.8
DDR3 Micro-DIMM 214 0 1.5
RAM Standard/Module
Standard Module
200 1600
266 2100
333 2700
400 3200
533 4200
667 5300
800 6400
1066 8500
1333 10600
1600 12800
1866 14900
2133 17000
++++answer:6.2ms
++++answer:4.78ms
Hard Disk Latencies
Rotational Speed (RPM) Average Latency
10,000 3 ms
7,200 4.16 ms
5,400 5.55 ms
++++answer:Serial
++++answer:Serial
++++answer:Serial
++++answer:Serial
PCI
Specification Bus Type Speed Throughput
32-bit PCI Parallel 33 MHz, 66MHz 133MB/s, 266 MB/s
64-bit PCI Parallel 33 MHz, 66MHz 266 MB/s, 533 MB/s
PCI-X 1.0 Parallel 66 MHz, 133 MHz 533 MB/s, 1066 MB/s
PCI-X 2.0 Parallel 266 MHz, 533 MHz 2133 MB/s, 4266 MB/s
++++answer:Parallel
++++answer:Parallel
++++answer:Parallel
++++answer:Parallel
PCIe
Specification Bus Type x1 Throughput x4 Throughput x8 Throughput x16 Throughput
PCIe 1.x Serial 250 MB/s 1 GB/s 2 GB/s 4 GB/s
PCIe 2.x Serial 500 MB/s 2 GB/s 4 GB/s 8 GB/s
PCIe 3.0 Serial 984.6 MB/s 3.938 GB/s 7.877 GB/s 15.754 GB/s
PCIe 4.0 Serial 1.969 GB/s 7.877 GB/s 15.754 GB/s 31.508 GB/s
++++answer:3.3V, 12V
++++answer:6
++++answer:8
++++answer:4, 6
++++answer:6, 8
++++answer:3.3V
++++answer:5V
++++answer:11
Power Connectors
Connector Usage Pins Voltages
Molex Case fans, IDE hard drives, optical drives 4 5V, 12V
SATA Serial ATA hard drives and optical drives 15 3.3 V, 5 V, 12V
PCIe PCI Express video cards 6, 8 12V
++++short
Interface Speeds/Distances
Interface AKA Speed Max Distance Other Info
USB 1.0 Low Speed 1.5 Mb/s 3 meters 127 max ports
USB 1.1 Full Speed 12 Mb/s 5 meters
USB 2.0 480 Mb/s 5 meters
USB 3.0 SuperSpeed 5 Gb/s 3 meters
IEEE 1394a FireWire 400 400 Mb/s 4.5 meters half-duplex, 63 max chain
IEEE 1394a Optical FireWire 400 400 Mb/s 72 meters half-duplex, 63 max chain
IEEE 1394b FireWire 800 800 Mb/s 4.5 meters full-duplex, 63 max chain
IEEE 1394b Optical FireWire 800 800 Mb/s 100 meters full-duplex, 63 max chain
Thunderbolt v1 20 Gbit/s 3 meters 10 Gbit/s per channel
Thunderbolt v2 20 Gbit/s 3 meters
Thunderbolt v3 40 Gbit/s 3 meters
Thunderbolt v1 Optical 20 Gbit/s 60 meters 10 Gbit/s per channel
Thunderbolt v2 Optical 20 Gbit/s 60 meters
Thunderbolt v3 Optical 40 Gbit/s 60 meters
IrDA Infrared 4 Mb/s 1 meter Requires line of sight
VGA Video Graphics Array 10 meters Analog only
DVI Digital Visual Interface N/A Analog or Digital
SATA 1.0 1.5 Gb/s 1 meter
SATA 2.0 3.0 Gb/s 1 meter
SATA 3.0 6.0 Gb/s 1 meter
eSATA 1.0 1.5 Gb/s 2 meters
eSATA 2.0 3.0 Gb/s 2 meters
eSATA 3.0 6.0 Gb/s 2 meters
LCD TN/IPS Characteristics
Characteristic TN IPS
Cost Less More
Color accuracy Less More
Reaction to touch More Less
Viewing angle Narrow Wide
Power required Less More
Optical Disc Capacities
Format Capacity
CD SS (includes recordable versions) 650MB, 700MB, 800MB, 900MB
DVD-R/RW SS, SL 4.7GB
DVD+R/RW SS, SL 4.7GB
DVD-R, DVD+R DS, SL 9.4GB
DVD-R SS, DL 8.5GB
DVD+R SS, DL 8.5GB
DVD+R DS, DL 17.1GB
BD-R/RE SS, SL 25GB
BD-R/RE SS, DL 50GB
BD-R/RE DS, DL 100GB
----SS: single-sided; DS: double-sided; SL: single-layer; DL: dual-layer
RAID
RAID Type Minimum Disk Count Failure Condition
RAID 0 Striping 2 Any drive failure breaks the array
RAID 1 Mirroring 2 All but one drive can be lost
RAID 5 Striping + Parity 3 Only one drive can be lost
RAID 10 Striping + Mirroring 4 Can lose all but one from each set of mirrors
++++wide
++++wrapcolumns:2
OSI Layers
Layer Name Description
7 Application Responsible for providing network services-like file services, print services, and messaging services (not applications like word processing or spreadsheets, as the layer's name might lead you to believe).
6 Presentation Responsible for the presentation of data (for example, the transition of character sets-e.g., ASCII to EBCDIC).
5 Session Responsible for establishing and maintaining a communications "session".
4 Transport Responsible for providing reliable end-to-end communications, including most of the error control and flow.
3 Network Responsible for providing logical network addressing. Some error and flow control is performed at this level.
2 Data Link Responsible for logical topology and logical (MAC) addressing. Individual network card addresses also function at this level.
1 Physical Responsible for placing the network data on the wire, by changing binary data into electrical pulses on the physical medium. The physical topology is defined at this level.
Subnet Masks
Dot-Decimal CIDR Binary
<IP_ADDRESS> /0 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
<IP_ADDRESS> /8 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
<IP_ADDRESS> /16 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
<IP_ADDRESS> /24 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
<IP_ADDRESS> /32 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111
128 /1 10000000
192 /2 11000000
224 /3 11100000
240 /4 11110000
248 /5 11111000
252 /6 11111100
254 /7 11111110
++++answer:100 meters
++++answer:200 meters
++++answer:CSMA/CD
++++answer:CSMA/CD
++++answer:CSMA/CD
++++answer:CSMA/CD
++++answer:CSMA/CD
++++answer:MIMO
++++answer:MIMO
++++answer:MU-MIMO
++++answer:MU-MIMO
Wi-Fi Standards
Standard Frequency Maximum theoretical throughput (per stream) Maximum allowable streams Maximum theoretical throughput (total) Approximate outdoor range CSMA MIMO
802.11a 5 GHz 54 Mbit/s 1 54 Mbit/s 120 meters CSMA/CA None
802.11b 2.4 GHz 11 Mbit/s 1 11 Mbit/s 140 meters CSMA/CA None
802.11g 2.4 GHz 54 Mbit/s 1 54 Mbit/s 140 meters CSMA/CA None
802.11n 5 GHz and/or 2.4 GHz 150 Mbit/s 4 600 Mbit/s 250 meters CSMA/CA MIMO
802.11ac 5 GHz 866.7 Mbit/s 8 6,934 Mbit/s 250 meters CSMA/CA MU-MIMO
++++answer:200 meters
++++answer:200 meters
++++answer:10BASE-T
++++answer:100BASE-TX
++++answer:1000BASE-T
++++answer:10GBASE-T
Ethernet Cable Categories
Cable Category Ethernet Standard Maximum Distance
Category 3 10BASE-T 100 meters
Category 5 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T 100 meters
Category 5e 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T 100 meters
Category 6 10GBASE-T 37 to 55 meters
Category 6a 10GBASE-T 100 meters
Category 7 (shielded) 10GBASE-T 100 meters
Common Network Protocols
Protocol Port Name Description
DHCP udp/67, udp/68 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Automate the IP address configuration process
DNS tcp/53, udp/53 Domain Name System Convert domain names to IP addresses
LDAP tcp/389, udp/389 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Directory service protocol
SNMP udp/161 Simple Network Management Protocol Gather metrics and manage network devices
SMB tcp/445 Server Message Block Windows file transfers and printer sharing
SSH tcp/22 Secure Shell Encrypted remote console login
AFP tcp/548 Apple Filing Protocol Mac OS file transfers
SLP tcp/427, udp/427 Service Location Protocol Find Mac OS services by name
++++short
Common Network Ports
Protocol Port
FTP tcp/20, tcp/21
SSH tcp/22
Telnet tcp/23
SMTP tcp/25
DNS tcp/53, udp/53
HTTP tcp/80
POP3 tcp/110
IMAP4 tcp/143
HTTPS tcp/443
RDP tcp/3389
NetBIOS-NS udp/137
NetBIOS-DS udp/138
NetBIOS-SS tcp/139
SLP tcp/427, udp/427
SMB tcp/445
AFP tcp/548
++++short
Common Network Port Details
Protocol Port Name Description
FTP tcp/20, tcp/21 File Transfer Protocol Sends and receives files between systems
SSH tcp/22 Secure Shell Encrypted console access
Telnet tcp/23 Telecommunication Network Insecure console access
SMTP tcp/25 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Transfer email between mail servers
DNS tcp/53, udp/53 Domain Name System Convert domain names to IP addresses
HTTP tcp/80 Hypertext Transfer Protocol Web server communication
POP3 tcp/110 Post Oﬃce Protocol v3 Receive email into a email client
IMAP4 tcp/143 Internet Message Access Protocol v4 A newer email client protocol
HTTPS tcp/443 Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure Web server communication with encryption
RDP tcp/3389 Remote Desktop Protocol Graphical display of remote devices
NetBIOS-NS udp/137 NetBIOS name service Register, remove, and find Windows services by name
NetBIOS-DS udp/138 NetBIOS datagram service Windows connection-less data transfer
NetBIOS-SS tcp/139 NetBIOS session service Windows connection-oriented data transfer
SLP tcp/427, udp/427 Service Location Protocol Find Mac OS services by name
SMB tcp/445 Server Message Block Windows file transfers and printer sharing
AFP tcp/548 Apple Filing Protocol Mac OS file transfers
++++checkboxcolumns:1,2,3,4,5
PC Configurations
PC Processor Video RAM Storage Audio Notes
Graphics/CAD/CAM 1 1 1 0 0 Maximum RAM
Audio/Video Editing 0 1 0 1 0 Fast storage, dual monitor
Virtualization 1 0 1 0 0 Maximum CPU and RAM
Gaming 1 1 0 0 1 High-end cooling
Home Theater 0 1 0 0 1 HDMI, surround sound, TV tuner
Thick Client 0 0 0 0 0 Recommended Windows requirements
Thin Client 0 0 0 0 0 Basic applications
++++wrapcolumns:2,3
++++wide
Laser Printing Process
Step Name Components Description
Step 1 Processing PC, Printer Processor, Printer Memory Build the entire page in memory
Step 2 Charging EP Drum, Corona Wire Prepare the drum with a negative electrostatic charge of around -600VDC
Step 3 Exposing Laser, EP Drum, Mirror Write the image with the laser by reducing the charge to around -100VDC where it should print
Step 4 Developing Toner, EP Drum, Developing Roller Add toner to the charged areas of the imaging drum
Step 5 Transferring Transfer Corona Wire, EP Drum, Static-Eliminator Strip Move the toner from the drum to the paper by applying a positive charge (+600VDC) to the paper
Step 6 Fusing Fusing Roller, Pressure Roller Heat and pressure fuse the toner to the paper
Step 7 Cleaning EP Drum, Cleaning Blade Remove excess toner by scraping it away from the drum
++++wrapcolumns:0,1
++++wide
PC Tools
Tool Description
Antistatic Strap Protects from electrostatic discharge
Demagnetized Phillips Head Screwdriver For assembling/disassembling PCs
Multimeter For testing wires in a PC as well as AC outlets
Power Supply Tester For testing a PC's power supply
Torx Screwdriver For assembling/disassembling PCs that use the less common Torx screw
Hex Screwdriver For cases and other components that do not use Phillips screws
Plastic Tweezer For grabbing screws that fall into difficult-to-reach areas and for removing jumper shunts
Compressed Air For cleaning dust from a PC
Penlight Helps to illuminate when working inside the computer case and when making connections on the back of a PC when working in dark conditions
Magnifying Glass Helps to read small writing on components and locate damage to circuits or chips
++++wrapcolumns:0,1
++++wide
Networking Tools
Tool Description
Loopback Plug Useful for testing physical ports by looping the transmission signal back into the reception signal
Cable Tester For performing continuity tests and can often detect missing pins or crossed wires
Punch-Down Tool Used to punch a wire into a wiring block like a 66 Block or a 110 Block, can often trim excess wire while punching
Toner Probe Used to trace a cable between endpoints by putting an analog sound on the wire
Wire Stripper Used to remove insulation around the wires in a cable
Cable Crimper Used to pinch the connector onto a cable
Wireless Locator Used to identify wireless networks, can be either a hardware device or a just a software app that runs on a different device
Post Card Sometimes built-in to the motherboard, can also be an external tool to be plugged in to various ports, provides detailed diagnostics during POST
****CompTIA A+ 220-902
Windows System Requirements
O/S Processor Memory Hard Drive / Free Space Disk Requirements Video
Vista Home Basic 800 MHz 512 MB 20 GB / 15 GB DVD-ROM 32 MB Video RAM
All Other Vista 1 GHz 1 GB 40 GB / 15 GB DVD-ROM 128 MB Video RAM
Windows 7 (x86) 1 GHz 1 GB 16 GB DirectX 9 w/ WDDM 1.0
Windows 7 (x64) 1 GHz 2 GB 20 GB DirectX 9 w/ WDDM 1.0
Windows 8 (x86) 1 GHz + PAE, NX, SSE2 1 GB 16 GB DirectX 9 w/ WDDM
Windows 8 (x64) 1 GHz + PAE, NX, SSE2 2 GB 20 GB DirectX 9 w/ WDDM
++++checkboxcolumns:1,2,3,4,5
Windows Vista Features
O/S Aero Media Center Domain Member EFS BitLocker Maximum x86 RAM Maximum x64 RAM
Home Basic 0 0 0 0 0 4 GB 8 GB
Home Premium 1 1 0 0 0 4 GB 16 GB
Business 1 0 1 1 0 4 GB 128 GB
Enterprise 1 0 1 1 1 4 GB 128 GB
Ultimate 1 1 1 1 1 4 GB 128 GB
++++checkboxcolumns:1,2,3,4,5,6
Windows 7 Features
Edition DVD Playback Aero ICS Domain Member EFS BitLocker Maximum x86 RAM Maximum x64 RAM
Starter 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 GB
Home Premium 1 1 1 0 0 0 4 GB 16 GB
Professional 1 1 1 1 1 0 4 GB 192 GB
Enterprise 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 GB 192 GB
Ultimate 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 GB 192 GB
++++checkboxcolumns:1,2,3,4,5,6
Windows 8 Features
Edition Windows Media Player EFS BitLocker Domain Member AppLocker BranchCache Maximum x86 RAM Maximum x64 RAM
Core 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 GB 128 GB
Pro 1 1 1 1 0 0 4 GB 512 GB
Enterprise 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 GB 512 GB
++++checkboxcolumns:1,2,3,4
Windows Vista Upgrade Paths
Base O/S Home Basic Home Premium Business Ultimate
XP Home 1 1 1 1
XP Pro 0 0 1 1
XP Media Center 0 1 0 1
++++checkboxcolumns:1,2,3,4,5,6
Windows 7 Upgrade Paths
Base O/S Starter Home Basic Home Premium Professional Ultimate Enterprise
XP - All Editions 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vista Home Basic 0 1 1 0 1 0
Vista Home Premium 0 0 1 0 1 0
Vista Business 0 0 0 1 1 1
Vista Ultimate 0 0 0 0 1 0
Vista Enterprise 0 0 0 0 0 1
++++checkboxcolumns:1,2,3
Windows 8 Upgrade Paths
Base O/S Core Pro Enterprise
XP - All Editions 0 0 0
Vista - All Editions 0 0 0
7 Starter 1 1 0
7 Home Basic 1 1 0
7 Home Premium 1 1 0
7 Professional 0 1 1
7 Ultimate 0 1 0
7 Enterprise 0 0 1
****CompTIA Network+ N10-006
OSI Model
Layer Name Function Examples
7 Application Support for applications HTTP, FTP, SMTP (email)
6 Presentation Protocol conversion, data translation ASCII, JPEG
5 Session Establishes, manages, and terminates sessions NFS, SQL
4 Transport Ensures error-free packets TCP, UDP
3 Network Provides routing decisions IP, IPX
2 Data link Provides for the flow of data MAC addresses
1 Physical Signals and media NICs, twisted-pair cable, fiber
++++wrapcolumns:3
++++wide
Ethernet Frame Structure
Sequence Part Length Description
1 Preamble 7 octets An alternating pattern of 1s and 0s used for synchronization.
2 Start frame delimiter 1 octet A binary 8-bit sequence of 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 that indicates the start of the frame.
3 Destination MAC address 6 octets Each computer has an Ethernet network interface card (NIC) or network adapter that has a unique media access control.
4 Source MAC address 6 octets MAC address associated with it. The MAC address is 6 bytes (12 hex characters) in length.
5 Length/type 2 octets An indication of the number of bytes in the data field if this value is less than 1500. If this number is greater than 1500, it indicates the type of data format—for example, IP and IPX.
6 Data 46 - 1500 octets The variable length of data being transferred from the source to the destination.
7 Pad A field used to bring the total number of bytes up to the minimum of 46 if the data field is less than 46 bytes.
8 Frame check sequence 4 octets A 4-byte CRC value used for error detection. The CRC is performed on the bits from the destination MAC address through the Pad fields. If an error is detected, the frame is discarded.
9 Interpacket gap 12+ octets After a packet has been sent, transmitters are required to transmit a minimum of 96 bits (12 octets) of idle line state before transmitting the next packet.
IP Address Classes
Class Description Example IP Numbers Maximum Number of Hosts Address Range
Class A Governments, very large networks 44.x.x.x. 224-2=16,777,214 <IP_ADDRESS> to <IP_ADDRESS>
Class B Midsize companies, universities, and so on 128.123.x.x 216-2=65,534 <IP_ADDRESS> to <IP_ADDRESS>
Class C Small networks 192.168.1.x 28-2=254 <IP_ADDRESS> to <IP_ADDRESS>
Class D Reserved for multicast groups 224.x.x.x not applicable <IP_ADDRESS> to <IP_ADDRESS>
++++short
Ethernet Standards
Ethernet Standard Media Type Bandwidth Capacity Distance Limitation
10BASE5 Coax (thicknet) 10 Mbps 500 m
10BASE2 Coax (thinnet) 10 Mbps 185 m
10BASE-T Cat 3 (or higher) UTP 10 Mbps 100 m
100BASE-TX Cat 5 (or higher) UTP 100 Mbps 100 m
100BASE-FX MMF 100 Mbps 2 km
1000BASE-T Cat 5e (or higher) UTP 1 Gbps 100 m
1000BASE-TX Cat 6 (or higher) UTP 1 Gbps 100 m
1000BASE-LX MMF/SMF 1 Gbps/1 Gbps 5 km
1000BASE-LH SMF 1 Gbps 10 km
1000BASE-ZX SMF 1 Gbps 70 km
10GBASE-SR MMF 10 Gbps 26-400 m
10GBASE-LR SMF 10 Gbps 10 km
10GBASE-ER SMF 10 Gbps 40 km
10GBASE-SW MMF 10 Gbps 300 m
10GBASE-LW SMF 10 Gbps 10 km
10GBASE-EW SMF 10 Gbps 40 km
10GBASE-T Cat 6a (or higher) 10 Gbps 100 m
100GBASE-SR10 MMF 100 Gbps 125 m
100GBASE-LR4 SMF 100 Gbps 10 km
100GBASE-ER4 SMF 100 Gbps 40 km
++++wrapcolumns:1,2
++++wide
Twisted-pair Cable Categories
Category Description Bandwidth/Data Rate
Category 3 (CAT3) Telephone installations Class C Up to 16Mbps
Category 5 (CAT5) Computer networks Class D Up to 100MHz/100Mbps 100-m length
Enhanced CAT5 (CAT5e) Computer networks 100MHz/1000Mbps applications with improved noise performance in a full duplex mode
Category 6 (CAT6) Higher-speed computer Up to 250MHz networks Class E/1000Mbps, supports 10Gbps but at distances fewer than 100 meters
Category 6a (CAT6a) Increased bandwidth Up to 500MHz networks Class Ea/10Gbps
Category 7 (CAT7) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard, not an EIA/TIA standard Up to 600MHz speed computer networks Class F/10Gbps
Category 7a (CAT7a) ISO standard, not an EIA/TIA standard Up to 1000MHz speed computer networks Class FA/10Gbps
EIA/TIA568B Wire Color Maps and Pin-Outs
Pin T568A Wire Color T568B Wire Color 10/100 Mbps Signal 1/10 Gbps Signal
1 White-Green White-Orange TX+ BI_DA+
2 Green Orange TX- BI_DA-
3 White-Orange White-Green RX+ BI_DB+
4 Blue Blue BI_DB-
5 White-Blue White-Blue BI_DC+
6 Orange Green RX- BI_DC-
7 White-Brown White-Brown BI_DD+
8 Brown Brown BI_DD-
++++short
Channel Specifications
Parameter Category 5e Category 6 Category 6A Category 7/7A
Class Class D Class E Class EA Class F/FA
Bandwidth 100MHz 250MHz 500MHz 600MHz/1000MHz
Insertion Loss (dB) 24 21.3 20.9 20.8/20.3
NEXT Loss (dB) 30.1 30.9 39.9 62.9/65.0
PSNEXT Loss (dB) 27.1 37.1 37.1 59.9/62.0
ACR (dB) 6.1 18.6 18.6 42.1/46.1
PSACR (dB) 3.1 15.8 15.8 39.1/41.7
ACRF1 (ELFEXT) (dB) 17.4 23.3 23.3 44.4/47.4
PSACRF2 (PSELFEXT) (dB) 14.4 20.3 20.3 41.1/44.4
Return Loss (dB) 10 12 12 <IP_ADDRESS>
* PANEXT Loss (dB) n/s n/s 60 n/s / 67.0
* PSAACRF (dB) n/s n/s 37 n/s / 52.0
* TCL (dB) n/s n/s 20.3 20.3/20.3
*ELTCTL (dB) n/s n/s 0.5 0/0
Propagation Delay (ns) 548 548 548 548/548
Delay Skew (ns) 50 50 50 30/30
++++short
Common Network Ports
Protocol Port
FTP tcp/20, tcp/21
SSH tcp/22
Telnet tcp/23
SMTP tcp/25
DNS tcp/53, udp/53
HTTP tcp/80
POP3 tcp/110
IMAP4 tcp/143
HTTPS tcp/443
RDP tcp/3389
NetBIOS-NS udp/137
NetBIOS-DS udp/138
NetBIOS-SS tcp/139
SLP tcp/427, udp/427
SMB tcp/445
AFP tcp/548
++++short
Common Network Port Details
Protocol Port Name Description
FTP tcp/20, tcp/21 File Transfer Protocol Sends and receives files between systems
SSH tcp/22 Secure Shell Encrypted console access
Telnet tcp/23 Telecommunication Network Insecure console access
SMTP tcp/25 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Transfer email between mail servers
DNS tcp/53, udp/53 Domain Name System Convert domain names to IP addresses
HTTP tcp/80 Hypertext Transfer Protocol Web server communication
POP3 tcp/110 Post Oﬃce Protocol v3 Receive email into a email client
IMAP4 tcp/143 Internet Message Access Protocol v4 A newer email client protocol
HTTPS tcp/443 Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure Web server communication with encryption
RDP tcp/3389 Remote Desktop Protocol Graphical display of remote devices
NetBIOS-NS udp/137 NetBIOS name service Register, remove, and find Windows services by name
NetBIOS-DS udp/138 NetBIOS datagram service Windows connection-less data transfer
NetBIOS-SS tcp/139 NetBIOS session service Windows connection-oriented data transfer
SLP tcp/427, udp/427 Service Location Protocol Find Mac OS services by name
SMB tcp/445 Server Message Block Windows file transfers and printer sharing
AFP tcp/548 Apple Filing Protocol Mac OS file transfers
++++answer:100 meters
++++answer:200 meters
++++answer:CSMA/CD
++++answer:CSMA/CD
++++answer:CSMA/CD
++++answer:CSMA/CD
++++answer:CSMA/CD
++++answer:MIMO
++++answer:MIMO
++++answer:MU-MIMO
++++answer:MU-MIMO
Wi-Fi Standards
Standard Frequency Maximum theoretical throughput (per stream) Maximum allowable streams Maximum theoretical throughput (total) Approximate outdoor range CSMA MIMO
802.11a 5 GHz 54 Mbit/s 1 54 Mbit/s 120 meters CSMA/CA None
802.11b 2.4 GHz 11 Mbit/s 1 11 Mbit/s 140 meters CSMA/CA None
802.11g 2.4 GHz 54 Mbit/s 1 54 Mbit/s 140 meters CSMA/CA None
802.11n 5 GHz and/or 2.4 GHz 150 Mbit/s 4 600 Mbit/s 250 meters CSMA/CA MIMO
802.11ac 5 GHz 866.7 Mbit/s 8 6,934 Mbit/s 250 meters CSMA/CA MU-MIMO
****CompTIA Security+ SY0-401
Hash Algorithms
Hash Name Bits Notes
MD5 Message Digest Algorithm 128 Vulnerable to collisions
SHA-1 Secure Hash Algorithm 160 Vulnerable to collisions
SHA-2 Secure Hash Algorithm Up to 512 Widely used
RIPEMD RACE Integrity Primitives Evaluation Message Digest 160, 256, 320 Based on MD4
HMAC Hash-based Message Authentication Code Varies Combines a hash with a secret key
Symmetric Encryption Ciphers
Cipher Name Type Block Size (bits) Key Size (bits) Notes
RC4 Ron's Code 4 Stream 40-2048
DES Data Encryption Standard Block 64 56 Considered insecure
3DES Triple Data Encryption Standard Block 64 168 Uses DES three times
AES Advanced Encryption Standard Block 128 128, 192, 256 Used in WPA2, federal government standard
Blowfish Block 64 32-448 No patent, public domain
Twofish Block 128 128, 192, 256 Successor to Blowfish
Fire Extinguisher Classes
Class Fights Examples
A Common Combustibles Wood, Cloth, Trash
B Flammable Liquids Gasoline, Oil
C Electrical Fires Data Centers
D Heavy Metal Fires Industrial Applications
K Kitchen Fires Fats, Oils
++++answer:100 meters
++++answer:200 meters
++++answer:CSMA/CD
++++answer:CSMA/CD
++++answer:CSMA/CD
++++answer:CSMA/CD
++++answer:CSMA/CD
++++answer:MIMO
++++answer:MIMO
++++answer:MU-MIMO
++++answer:MU-MIMO
Wi-Fi Standards
Standard Frequency Maximum theoretical throughput (per stream) Maximum allowable streams Maximum theoretical throughput (total) Approximate outdoor range CSMA MIMO
802.11a 5 GHz 54 Mbit/s 1 54 Mbit/s 120 meters CSMA/CA None
802.11b 2.4 GHz 11 Mbit/s 1 11 Mbit/s 140 meters CSMA/CA None
802.11g 2.4 GHz 54 Mbit/s 1 54 Mbit/s 140 meters CSMA/CA None
802.11n 5 GHz and/or 2.4 GHz 150 Mbit/s 4 600 Mbit/s 250 meters CSMA/CA MIMO
802.11ac 5 GHz 866.7 Mbit/s 8 6,934 Mbit/s 250 meters CSMA/CA MU-MIMO
++++short
Common Network Ports
Protocol Port
FTP tcp/20, tcp/21
SSH tcp/22
Telnet tcp/23
SMTP tcp/25
TACACS+ tcp/49, udp/49
DNS tcp/53, udp/53
DHCP udp/67, udp/68
TFTP udp/69
HTTP tcp/80
Kerberos tcp/88, udp/88
POP3 tcp/110
NTP UDP/123
NetBIOS-NS udp/137
NetBIOS-DS udp/138
NetBIOS-SS tcp/139
IMAP4 tcp/143
SNMP tcp/161, udp/161
SNMP Traps tcp/162, udp/162
BGP tcp/179
LDAP tcp/389, udp/389
SLP tcp/427, udp/427
HTTPS tcp/443
SMB tcp/445
ISAKMP/IKE udp/500
AFP tcp/548
LDAPS TCP/636, UDP/636
FTPS TCP/989, TCP/990
RDP tcp/3389
RAID
RAID Type Minimum Disk Count Failure Condition
RAID 0 Striping 2 Any drive failure breaks the array
RAID 1 Mirroring 2 All but one drive can be lost
RAID 5 Striping + Parity 3 Only one drive can be lost
RAID 10 Striping + Mirroring 4 Can lose all but one from each set of mirrors
++++answer:Operational
++++answer:Management
++++answer:Management
++++answer:Management
++++answer:Management
++++answer:Technical
++++answer:Technical
++++answer:Technical
Security Control Types
Control Type
Personnel Security Operational
Vulnerability Assessment Management
Media Protection Operational
Program Management Management
Training Operational
Risk Assessment Management
Antivirus Technical
Encryption Technical
Intrusion Detection Technical
Configuration Management Operational
Maintenance Operational
Physical Protection Operational
Mantrap Operational
Access Control Technical
Firewall Technical
Penetration Test Management
Audit and Accountability Technical
Change Management Operational
Planning Management
****CompTIA Project+ PK0-004
++++short
Responsibilities
Responsibility Executor
Provide or obtain financial resources Project Sponsor
Approve the project charter Project Sponsor
Approve the project baseline Project Sponsor
Help define and approve the high-level requirements Project Sponsor
Define the business case and justification for the project Project Sponsor
Authorize assignment of human resources to the project Project Sponsor
Assign the project manager and describe their level of authority Project Sponsor
Serve as final decision maker for all project issues Project Sponsor
Negotiate support from key stakeholders Project Sponsor
Communicate or market the benefits of the project Project Sponsor
Monitor and control delivery of major milestones Project Sponsor
Run interference and remove roadblocks Project Sponsor
Manage the project team Project Manager
Communicate with stakeholders and project team members Project Manager
Capture, document, and monitor scope Project Manager
Identify, track, and monitor risk Project Manager
Monitor and track project costs and compare to budget Project Manager
Manage the schedule Project Manager
Ensure quality assurance Project Manager
Maintain and archive project artifacts Project Manager
Manage stakeholder expectations Project Manager
Assist the project manager in all aspects Project Coordinator
Develop and maintain the project schedule Project Scheduler
Communicate timelines and due dates Project Scheduler
Report schedule performance Project Scheduler
Communicate schedule changes to the stakeholders and project team members Project Scheduler
Contribute deliverables according to the schedule Project Team Members
Estimate time and duration for the tasks they are working on Project Team Members
Estimate cost for deliverables or other project work purchased from outside the organization Project Team Members
Deliver status updates on the progress of their tasks Project Team Members
Manage dependencies related to their tasks Project Team Members
Provide project management standards and processes Project Management Office
Provide tools, templates, and artifacts to help manage projects consistently Project Management Office
Set deliverables Project Management Office
Provide a governance process for managing projects and setting priorities Project Management Office
Provide key performance indicators and metrics Project Management Office
Provide standards of performance including consequences of non-performance Project Management Office
Coordinate resources among projects Project Management Office
++++short
Phase Activities
Activity Phase
Creating the project charter Initiating
Creating a business case and justification Initiating
Defining a high-level scope definition Initiating
Identifying high-level risks Initiating
Developing a work schedule Planning
Creating a work breakdown structure Planning
Determining resources Planning
Identifying and planning for detailed risks Planning
Determining project requirements Planning
Writing a communication plan Planning
Developing a procurement plan if utilizing resources outside the organization Planning
Developing a change management plan Planning
Defining the project budget Planning
Producing and verifying the deliverables Executing
Acquiring project team members Executing
Ensuring team members are utilized appropriately Executing
Managing resources Executing
Performing team-building activities Executing
Monitoring the risks/issues log Monitoring and Controlling
Measuring and reporting performance Monitoring and Controlling
Performing quality assurance/governance activities Monitoring and Controlling
Administering the change control process Monitoring and Controlling
Monitoring the budget Monitoring and Controlling
Delivering the transition/integration plan to the maintenance/operations team Closing
Training for those who will support the product, service, or result of the project Closing
Signing-off the project acceptance Closing
Archiving project documents Closing
Documenting lessons learned Closing
Releasing resources Closing
Finalizing the closing contract Closing
++++wide
++++wrapcolumns:1
Documents
Document Description
Project Charter Authorizes the project to begin
Project Management Plan Consists of all the project planning documents such as charter, scope statement, schedule, and more
Issues Log A list of issues, containing list numbers, descriptions, and owners
Organizational Chart Describes project team member organization and reporting structures
Scope Statement Documents the product description, key deliverables, success and acceptance criteria, key performance indicators, exclusions, exemptions, and constraints
Communication Plan Documents the types of information needs the stakeholders have, when the information should be distributed, and how the information will be delivered
Project Schedule Determines the start and finish dates for project activities and assigns resources to the activities
Status Report A report to stakeholders on the status of the project deliverables, schedule, risks, issues, and more
Dashboard Information An electronic reporting tool that lets users choose elements of the project to monitor project health and status
Action Items A list of project actions that should be resolved in order to fulfill deliverables
Meeting Agenda Describe the items to be discussed and addressed at upcoming meetings
Meeting Minutes Recap what was discussed and the decisions made at a meeting
Phase Documents
Document Phase
Project Charter Initiating
Project Management Plan Planning
Issues Log Executing
Organizational Chart Planning
Scope Statement Planning
Communication Plan Planning
Project Schedule Planning
Status Report Executing
Dashboard Information Executing
Action Items Executing
Meeting Agenda Executing
Meeting Minutes Executing
Schedule Steps
Step Description
1 Determine tasks
2 Sequence tasks
3 Allocate resources
4 Determine task durations and start and end dates
5 Determine milestones
6 Construct the schedule
7 Determine the critical path
8 Set the baseline and obtain approval
9 Set quality gates
10 Establish the governance process


Provides methods for making inference in isobaric labelled LC-MS/MS experiments, i.e. iTRAQ experiments. It provides a function that reasonably parses a CSV-export from Proteome Discoverer(TM) into a data frame that can be easily handled in R. Functions and methods are provided for quality control, filtering, norming, and the calculation of response variables for further analysis. The merging of multiple iTRAQ experiments with respect to a reference is also covered.
| Version: | 0.2 |
| Imports: | plyr, reshape2, ggplot2, foreach |
| Published: | 2014-11-22 |
| Author: | Thomas W. D. Möbius |
| Maintainer: | Thomas W. D. Möbius <kontakt at thomasmoebius.de> |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| URL: | http://00tau.github.io/proteomics-in-r/ |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| CRAN checks: | proteomics results |
| Reference manual: | proteomics.pdf |
| Package source: | proteomics_0.2.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: proteomics_0.2.zip, r-release: proteomics_0.2.zip, r-oldrel: proteomics_0.2.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: proteomics_0.2.tgz, r-oldrel: proteomics_0.2.tgz |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=proteomics to link to this page.


This is an example for the SalesForce OAUTH REST API. There is a GET request to gather all available endpoints for your instance, a GET request to get the available 'campaigns', and finally, an example of how to POST to SalesForce by sending form date to an sobject named 'Lead'.
${SalesForceUse.allEndPointsJson @ context='unsafe'}