'''
Application
===========
The :class:`App` class is the base for creating Kivy applications.
Think of it as your main entry point into the Kivy run loop. In most
cases, you subclass this class and make your own app.
Creating an Application
-----------------------
Method using build() override
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
To initialize your app with a widget tree, override the :meth:`~App.build`
method in your app class and return the widget tree you constructed.
Here's an example of a very simple application that just shows a button:
.. include:: ../../examples/application/app_with_build.py
:literal:
The file is also available in the examples folder at
:file:`kivy/examples/application/app_with_build.py`.
Here, no widget tree was constructed (or if you will, a tree with only
the root node).
Method using kv file
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You can also use the :doc:`api-kivy.lang` for creating applications. The
.kv can contain rules and root widget definitions at the same time. Here
is the same example as the Button one in a kv file.
Contents of 'test.kv':
.. include:: ../../examples/application/test.kv
:literal:
Contents of 'main.py':
.. include:: ../../examples/application/app_with_kv.py
:literal:
See :file:`kivy/examples/application/app_with_kv.py`.
The relationship between main.py and test.kv is explained in
:meth:`App.load_kv`.
.. _Application configuration:
Application configuration
-------------------------
Use the configuration file
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Your application might need its own configuration file. The
:class:`App` class handles 'ini' files automatically if you add
the section key-value pair to the :meth:`App.build_config` method using the
`config` parameter (an instance of :class:`~kivy.config.ConfigParser`)::
class TestApp(App):
def build_config(self, config):
config.setdefaults('section1', {
'key1': 'value1',
'key2': '42'
})
As soon as you add one section to the config, a file is created on the
disk (see :attr:`~App.get_application_config` for its location) and
named based your class name. "TestApp" will give a config file named
"test.ini" with the content::
[section1]
key1 = value1
key2 = 42
The "test.ini" will be automatically loaded at runtime and you can access the
configuration in your :meth:`App.build` method::
class TestApp(App):
def build_config(self, config):
config.setdefaults('section1', {
'key1': 'value1',
'key2': '42'
})
def build(self):
config = self.config
return Label(text='key1 is %s and key2 is %d' % (
config.get('section1', 'key1'),
config.getint('section1', 'key2')))
Create a settings panel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Your application can have a settings panel to let your user configure some of
your config tokens. Here is an example done in the KinectViewer example
(available in the examples directory):
.. image:: images/app-settings.jpg
:align: center
You can add your own panels of settings by extending
the :meth:`App.build_settings` method.
Check the :class:`~kivy.uix.settings.Settings` about how to create a panel,
because you need a JSON file / data first.
Let's take as an example the previous snippet of TestApp with custom
config. We could create a JSON like this::
[
{ "type": "title",
"title": "Test application" },
{ "type": "options",
"title": "My first key",
"desc": "Description of my first key",
"section": "section1",
"key": "key1",
"options": ["value1", "value2", "another value"] },
{ "type": "numeric",
"title": "My second key",
"desc": "Description of my second key",
"section": "section1",
"key": "key2" }
]
Then, we can create a panel using this JSON to automatically create all the
options and link them to our :attr:`App.config` ConfigParser instance::
class TestApp(App):
# ...
def build_settings(self, settings):
jsondata = """... put the json data here ..."""
settings.add_json_panel('Test application',
self.config, data=jsondata)
That's all! Now you can press F1 (default keystroke) to toggle the
settings panel or press the "settings" key on your android device. You
can manually call :meth:`App.open_settings` and
:meth:`App.close_settings` if you want to handle this manually. Every
change in the panel is automatically saved in the config file.
You can also use :meth:`App.build_settings` to modify properties of
the settings panel. For instance, the default panel has a sidebar for
switching between json panels whose width defaults to 200dp. If you'd
prefer this to be narrower, you could add::
settings.interface.menu.width = dp(100)
to your :meth:`build_settings` method.
You might want to know when a config value has been changed by the
user in order to adapt or reload your UI. You can then overload the
:meth:`on_config_change` method::
class TestApp(App):
# ...
def on_config_change(self, config, section, key, value):
if config is self.config:
token = (section, key)
if token == ('section1', 'key1'):
print('Our key1 has been changed to', value)
elif token == ('section1', 'key2'):
print('Our key2 has been changed to', value)
The Kivy configuration panel is added by default to the settings
instance. If you don't want this panel, you can declare your Application as
follows::
class TestApp(App):
use_kivy_settings = False
# ...
This only removes the Kivy panel but does not stop the settings instance
from appearing. If you want to prevent the settings instance from appearing
altogether, you can do this::
class TestApp(App):
def open_settings(self, *largs):
pass
.. versionadded:: 1.0.7
Profiling with on_start and on_stop
-----------------------------------
It is often useful to profile python code in order to discover locations to
optimise. The standard library profilers
(http://docs.python.org/2/library/profile.html) provides multiple options for
profiling code. For profiling the entire program, the natural
approaches of using profile as a module or profile's run method does not work
with Kivy. It is however, possible to use :meth:`App.on_start` and
:meth:`App.on_stop` methods::
import cProfile
class MyApp(App):
def on_start(self):
self.profile = cProfile.Profile()
self.profile.enable()
def on_stop(self):
self.profile.disable()
self.profile.dump_stats('myapp.profile')
This will create a file called `myapp.profile` when you exit your app.
Customising layout
------------------
You can choose different settings widget layouts by setting
:attr:`App.settings_cls`. By default, this is a
:class:`~kivy.uix.settings.Settings` class which provides the pictured
sidebar layout, but you could set it to any of the other layouts
provided in :mod:`kivy.uix.settings` or create your own. See the
module documentation for :mod:`kivy.uix.settings` for more
information.
You can customise how the settings panel is displayed by
overriding :meth:`App.display_settings` which is called before
displaying the settings panel on the screen. By default, it
simply draws the panel on top of the window, but you could modify it
to (for instance) show the settings in a
:class:`~kivy.uix.popup.Popup` or add it to your app's
:class:`~kivy.uix.screenmanager.ScreenManager` if you are using
one. If you do so, you should also modify :meth:`App.close_settings`
to exit the panel appropriately. For instance, to have the settings
panel appear in a popup you can do::
def display_settings(self, settings):
try:
p = self.settings_popup
except AttributeError:
self.settings_popup = Popup(content=settings,
title='Settings',
size_hint=(0.8, 0.8))
p = self.settings_popup
if p.content is not settings:
p.content = settings
p.open()
def close_settings(self, *args):
try:
p = self.settings_popup
p.dismiss()
except AttributeError:
pass # Settings popup doesn't exist
Finally, if you want to replace the current settings panel widget, you
can remove the internal references to it using
:meth:`App.destroy_settings`. If you have modified
:meth:`App.display_settings`, you should be careful to detect if the
settings panel has been replaced.
Pause mode
----------
.. versionadded:: 1.1.0
On tablets and phones, the user can switch at any moment to another
application. By default, your application will close and the
:meth:`App.on_stop` event will be fired.
If you support Pause mode, when switching to another application, your
application will wait indefinitely until the user
switches back to your application. There is an issue with OpenGL on Android
devices: it is not guaranteed that the OpenGL ES Context will be restored when
your app resumes. The mechanism for restoring all the OpenGL data is not yet
implemented in Kivy.
The currently implemented Pause mechanism is:
#. Kivy checks every frame if Pause mode is activated by the Operating
System due to the user switching to another application, a phone
shutdown or any other reason.
#. :meth:`App.on_pause` is called:
#. If False is returned, then :meth:`App.on_stop` is called.
#. If True is returned (default case), the application will sleep until
the OS resumes our App.
#. When the app is resumed, :meth:`App.on_resume` is called.
#. If our app memory has been reclaimed by the OS, then nothing will be
called.
Here is a simple example of how on_pause() should be used::
class TestApp(App):
def on_pause(self):
# Here you can save data if needed
return True
def on_resume(self):
# Here you can check if any data needs replacing (usually nothing)
pass
.. warning::
Both `on_pause` and `on_stop` must save important data because after
`on_pause` is called, `on_resume` may not be called at all.
'''
__all__ = ('App', )
import os
from inspect import getfile
from os.path import dirname, join, exists, sep, expanduser, isfile
from kivy.config import ConfigParser
from kivy.base import runTouchApp, stopTouchApp
from kivy.compat import string_types
from kivy.factory import Factory
from kivy.logger import Logger
from kivy.event import EventDispatcher
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy.resources import resource_find
from kivy.utils import platform as core_platform
from kivy.uix.widget import Widget
from kivy.properties import ObjectProperty, StringProperty
from kivy.setupconfig import USE_SDL2
platform = core_platform
[ドキュメント]class App(EventDispatcher):
''' Application class, see module documentation for more information.
:Events:
`on_start`:
Fired when the application is being started (before the
:func:`~kivy.base.runTouchApp` call.
`on_stop`:
Fired when the application stops.
`on_pause`:
Fired when the application is paused by the OS.
`on_resume`:
Fired when the application is resumed from pause by the OS. Beware:
you have no guarantee that this event will be fired after the
`on_pause` event has been called.
.. versionchanged:: 1.7.0
Parameter `kv_file` added.
.. versionchanged:: 1.8.0
Parameters `kv_file` and `kv_directory` are now properties of App.
'''
title = StringProperty(None)
'''
Title of your application. You can set this as follows::
class MyApp(App):
def build(self):
self.title = 'Hello world'
.. versionadded:: 1.0.5
.. versionchanged:: 1.8.0
`title` is now a :class:`~kivy.properties.StringProperty`. Don't
set the title in the class as previously stated in the documentation.
.. note::
For Kivy < 1.8.0, you can set this as follows::
class MyApp(App):
title = 'Custom title'
If you want to dynamically change the title, you can do::
from kivy.base import EventLoop
EventLoop.window.title = 'New title'
'''
icon = StringProperty(None)
'''Icon of your application.
The icon can be located in the same directory as your main file. You can
set this as follows::
class MyApp(App):
def build(self):
self.icon = 'myicon.png'
.. versionadded:: 1.0.5
.. versionchanged:: 1.8.0
`icon` is now a :class:`~kivy.properties.StringProperty`. Don't set the
icon in the class as previously stated in the documentation.
.. note::
For Kivy prior to 1.8.0, you need to set this as follows::
class MyApp(App):
icon = 'customicon.png'
Recommended 256x256 or 1024x1024? for GNU/Linux and Mac OSX
32x32 for Windows7 or less. <= 256x256 for windows 8
256x256 does work (on Windows 8 at least), but is scaled
down and doesn't look as good as a 32x32 icon.
'''
use_kivy_settings = True
'''.. versionadded:: 1.0.7
If True, the application settings will also include the Kivy settings. If
you don't want the user to change any kivy settings from your settings UI,
change this to False.
'''
settings_cls = ObjectProperty(None)
'''.. versionadded:: 1.8.0
The class used to construct the settings panel and
the instance passed to :meth:`build_config`. You should
use either :class:`~kivy.uix.settings.Settings` or one of the provided
subclasses with different layouts
(:class:`~kivy.uix.settings.SettingsWithSidebar`,
:class:`~kivy.uix.settings.SettingsWithSpinner`,
:class:`~kivy.uix.settings.SettingsWithTabbedPanel`,
:class:`~kivy.uix.settings.SettingsWithNoMenu`). You can also create your
own Settings subclass. See the documentation
of :mod:`~kivy.uix.settings.Settings` for more information.
:attr:`~App.settings_cls` is an :class:`~kivy.properties.ObjectProperty`
and defaults to :class:`~kivy.uix.settings.SettingsWithSpinner` which
displays settings panels with a spinner to switch between them. If you set
a string, the :class:`~kivy.factory.Factory` will be used to resolve the
class.
'''
kv_directory = StringProperty(None)
'''Path of the directory where application kv is stored, defaults to None
.. versionadded:: 1.8.0
If a kv_directory is set, it will be used to get the initial kv file. By
default, the file is assumed to be in the same directory as the current App
definition file.
'''
kv_file = StringProperty(None)
'''Filename of the Kv file to load, defaults to None.
.. versionadded:: 1.8.0
If a kv_file is set, it will be loaded when the application starts. The
loading of the "default" kv file will be prevented.
'''
# Return the current running App instance
_running_app = None
__events__ = ('on_start', 'on_stop', 'on_pause', 'on_resume')
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
App._running_app = self
self._app_directory = None
self._app_name = None
self._app_settings = None
self._app_window = None
super(App, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.built = False
#: Options passed to the __init__ of the App
self.options = kwargs
#: Returns an instance of the :class:`~kivy.config.ConfigParser` for
#: the application configuration. You can use this to query some config
#: tokens in the :meth:`build` method.
self.config = None
#: The *root* widget returned by the :meth:`build` method or by the
#: :meth:`load_kv` method if the kv file contains a root widget.
self.root = None
[ドキュメント] def build(self):
'''Initializes the application; it will be called only once.
If this method returns a widget (tree), it will be used as the root
widget and added to the window.
:return:
None or a root :class:`~kivy.uix.widget.Widget` instance
if no self.root exists.'''
if not self.root:
return Widget()
[ドキュメント] def build_config(self, config):
'''.. versionadded:: 1.0.7
This method is called before the application is initialized to
construct your :class:`~kivy.config.ConfigParser` object. This
is where you can put any default section / key / value for your
config. If anything is set, the configuration will be
automatically saved in the file returned by
:meth:`get_application_config`.
:Parameters:
`config`: :class:`~kivy.config.ConfigParser`
Use this to add default section / key / value items
'''
[ドキュメント] def build_settings(self, settings):
'''.. versionadded:: 1.0.7
This method is called when the user (or you) want to show the
application settings. It is called once when the settings panel
is first opened, after which the panel is cached. It may be
called again if the cached settings panel is removed by
:meth:`destroy_settings`.
You can use this method to add settings panels and to
customise the settings widget e.g. by changing the sidebar
width. See the module documentation for full details.
:Parameters:
`settings`: :class:`~kivy.uix.settings.Settings`
Settings instance for adding panels
'''
[ドキュメント] def load_kv(self, filename=None):
'''This method is invoked the first time the app is being run if no
widget tree has been constructed before for this app.
This method then looks for a matching kv file in the same directory as
the file that contains the application class.
For example, say you have a file named main.py that contains::
class ShowcaseApp(App):
pass
This method will search for a file named `showcase.kv` in
the directory that contains main.py. The name of the kv file has to be
the lowercase name of the class, without the 'App' postfix at the end
if it exists.
You can define rules and a root widget in your kv file::
<ClassName>: # this is a rule
...
ClassName: # this is a root widget
...
There must be only one root widget. See the :doc:`api-kivy.lang`
documentation for more information on how to create kv files. If your
kv file contains a root widget, it will be used as self.root, the root
widget for the application.
.. note::
This function is called from :meth:`run`, therefore, any widget
whose styling is defined in this kv file and is created before
:meth:`run` is called (e.g. in `__init__`), won't have its styling
applied. Note that :meth:`build` is called after :attr:`load_kv`
has been called.
'''
# Detect filename automatically if it was not specified.
if filename:
filename = resource_find(filename)
else:
try:
default_kv_directory = dirname(getfile(self.__class__))
if default_kv_directory == '':
default_kv_directory = '.'
except TypeError:
# if it's a builtin module.. use the current dir.
default_kv_directory = '.'
kv_directory = self.kv_directory or default_kv_directory
clsname = self.__class__.__name__.lower()
if (clsname.endswith('app') and
not isfile(join(kv_directory, '%s.kv' % clsname))):
clsname = clsname[:-3]
filename = join(kv_directory, '%s.kv' % clsname)
# Load KV file
Logger.debug('App: Loading kv <{0}>'.format(filename))
rfilename = resource_find(filename)
if rfilename is None or not exists(rfilename):
Logger.debug('App: kv <%s> not found' % filename)
return False
root = Builder.load_file(rfilename)
if root:
self.root = root
return True
[ドキュメント] def get_application_name(self):
'''Return the name of the application.
'''
if self.title is not None:
return self.title
clsname = self.__class__.__name__
if clsname.endswith('App'):
clsname = clsname[:-3]
return clsname
[ドキュメント] def get_application_icon(self):
'''Return the icon of the application.
'''
if not resource_find(self.icon):
return ''
else:
return resource_find(self.icon)
[ドキュメント] def get_application_config(self, defaultpath='%(appdir)s/%(appname)s.ini'):
'''.. versionadded:: 1.0.7
.. versionchanged:: 1.4.0
Customized the default path for iOS and Android platforms. Added a
defaultpath parameter for desktop OS's (not applicable to iOS
and Android.)
Return the filename of your application configuration. Depending
on the platform, the application file will be stored in
different locations:
- on iOS: <appdir>/Documents/.<appname>.ini
- on Android: /sdcard/.<appname>.ini
- otherwise: <appdir>/<appname>.ini
When you are distributing your application on Desktops, please
note that if the application is meant to be installed
system-wide, the user might not have write-access to the
application directory. If you want to store user settings, you
should overload this method and change the default behavior to
save the configuration file in the user directory. ::
class TestApp(App):
def get_application_config(self):
return super(TestApp, self).get_application_config(
'~/.%(appname)s.ini')
Some notes:
- The tilda '~' will be expanded to the user directory.
- %(appdir)s will be replaced with the application :attr:`directory`
- %(appname)s will be replaced with the application :attr:`name`
'''
if platform == 'android':
defaultpath = '/sdcard/.%(appname)s.ini'
elif platform == 'ios':
defaultpath = '~/Documents/%(appname)s.ini'
elif platform == 'win':
defaultpath = defaultpath.replace('/', sep)
return expanduser(defaultpath) % {
'appname': self.name, 'appdir': self.directory}
@property
def root_window(self):
'''.. versionadded:: 1.9.0
Returns the root window instance used by :meth:`run`.
'''
return self._app_window
[ドキュメント] def load_config(self):
'''(internal) This function is used for returning a ConfigParser with
the application configuration. It's doing 3 things:
#. Creating an instance of a ConfigParser
#. Loading the default configuration by calling
:meth:`build_config`, then
#. If it exists, it loads the application configuration file,
otherwise it creates one.
:return:
:class:`~kivy.config.ConfigParser` instance
'''
try:
config = ConfigParser.get_configparser('app')
except KeyError:
config = None
if config is None:
config = ConfigParser(name='app')
self.config = config
self.build_config(config)
# if no sections are created, that's mean the user don't have
# configuration.
if len(config.sections()) == 0:
return
# ok, the user have some sections, read the default file if exist
# or write it !
filename = self.get_application_config()
if filename is None:
return config
Logger.debug('App: Loading configuration <{0}>'.format(filename))
if exists(filename):
try:
config.read(filename)
except:
Logger.error('App: Corrupted config file, ignored.')
config.name = ''
try:
config = ConfigParser.get_configparser('app')
except KeyError:
config = None
if config is None:
config = ConfigParser(name='app')
self.config = config
self.build_config(config)
pass
else:
Logger.debug('App: First configuration, create <{0}>'.format(
filename))
config.filename = filename
config.write()
return config
@property
def directory(self):
'''.. versionadded:: 1.0.7
Return the directory where the application lives.
'''
if self._app_directory is None:
try:
self._app_directory = dirname(getfile(self.__class__))
if self._app_directory == '':
self._app_directory = '.'
except TypeError:
# if it's a builtin module.. use the current dir.
self._app_directory = '.'
return self._app_directory
@property
def user_data_dir(self):
'''
.. versionadded:: 1.7.0
Returns the path to the directory in the users file system which the
application can use to store additional data.
Different platforms have different conventions with regards to where
the user can store data such as preferences, saved games and settings.
This function implements these conventions. The <app_name> directory
is created when the property is called, unless it already exists.
On iOS, `~/Documents/<app_name>` is returned (which is inside the
app's sandbox).
On Android, `/sdcard/<app_name>` is returned.
On Windows, `%APPDATA%/<app_name>` is returned.
On OS X, `~/Library/Application Support/<app_name>` is returned.
On Linux, `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/<app_name>` is returned.
'''
data_dir = ""
if platform == 'ios':
data_dir = join('~/Documents', self.name)
elif platform == 'android':
data_dir = join('/sdcard', self.name)
elif platform == 'win':
data_dir = os.path.join(os.environ['APPDATA'], self.name)
elif platform == 'macosx':
data_dir = '~/Library/Application Support/{}'.format(self.name)
else: # _platform == 'linux' or anything else...:
data_dir = os.environ.get('XDG_CONFIG_HOME', '~/.config')
data_dir = join(data_dir, self.name)
data_dir = expanduser(data_dir)
if not exists(data_dir):
os.mkdir(data_dir)
return data_dir
@property
def name(self):
'''.. versionadded:: 1.0.7
Return the name of the application based on the class name.
'''
if self._app_name is None:
clsname = self.__class__.__name__
if clsname.endswith('App'):
clsname = clsname[:-3]
self._app_name = clsname.lower()
return self._app_name
[ドキュメント] def run(self):
'''Launches the app in standalone mode.
'''
if not self.built:
self.load_config()
self.load_kv(filename=self.kv_file)
root = self.build()
if root:
self.root = root
if self.root:
if not isinstance(self.root, Widget):
Logger.critical('App.root must be an _instance_ of Widget')
raise Exception('Invalid instance in App.root')
from kivy.core.window import Window
Window.add_widget(self.root)
# Check if the window is already created
from kivy.base import EventLoop
window = EventLoop.window
if window:
self._app_window = window
window.set_title(self.get_application_name())
icon = self.get_application_icon()
if icon:
window.set_icon(icon)
self._install_settings_keys(window)
else:
Logger.critical("Application: No window is created."
" Terminating application run.")
return
self.dispatch('on_start')
runTouchApp()
self.stop()
[ドキュメント] def stop(self, *largs):
'''Stop the application.
If you use this method, the whole application will stop by issuing
a call to :func:`~kivy.base.stopTouchApp`.
'''
self.dispatch('on_stop')
stopTouchApp()
# Clear the window children
if self._app_window:
for child in self._app_window.children:
self._app_window.remove_widget(child)
[ドキュメント] def on_start(self):
'''Event handler for the `on_start` event which is fired after
initialization (after build() has been called) but before the
application has started running.
'''
pass
[ドキュメント] def on_stop(self):
'''Event handler for the `on_stop` event which is fired when the
application has finished running (i.e. the window is about to be
closed).
'''
pass
[ドキュメント] def on_pause(self):
'''Event handler called when Pause mode is requested. You should
return True if your app can go into Pause mode, otherwise
return False and your application will be stopped.
You cannot control when the application is going to go into this mode.
It's determined by the Operating System and mostly used for mobile
devices (android/ios) and for resizing.
The default return value is True.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.0
.. versionchanged:: 1.10.0
The default return value is now True.
'''
return True
[ドキュメント] def on_resume(self):
'''Event handler called when your application is resuming from
the Pause mode.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.0
.. warning::
When resuming, the OpenGL Context might have been damaged / freed.
This is where you can reconstruct some of your OpenGL state
e.g. FBO content.
'''
pass
@staticmethod
[ドキュメント] def get_running_app():
'''Return the currently running application instance.
.. versionadded:: 1.1.0
'''
return App._running_app
[ドキュメント] def on_config_change(self, config, section, key, value):
'''Event handler fired when a configuration token has been changed by
the settings page.
'''
pass
[ドキュメント] def open_settings(self, *largs):
'''Open the application settings panel. It will be created the very
first time, or recreated if the previously cached panel has been
removed by :meth:`destroy_settings`. The settings panel will be
displayed with the
:meth:`display_settings` method, which by default adds the
settings panel to the Window attached to your application. You
should override that method if you want to display the
settings panel differently.
:return:
True if the settings has been opened.
'''
if self._app_settings is None:
self._app_settings = self.create_settings()
displayed = self.display_settings(self._app_settings)
if displayed:
return True
return False
[ドキュメント] def display_settings(self, settings):
'''.. versionadded:: 1.8.0
Display the settings panel. By default, the panel is drawn directly
on top of the window. You can define other behaviour by overriding
this method, such as adding it to a ScreenManager or Popup.
You should return True if the display is successful, otherwise False.
:Parameters:
`settings`: :class:`~kivy.uix.settings.Settings`
You can modify this object in order to modify the settings
display.
'''
win = self._app_window
if not win:
raise Exception('No windows are set on the application, you cannot'
' open settings yet.')
if settings not in win.children:
win.add_widget(settings)
return True
return False
[ドキュメント] def close_settings(self, *largs):
'''Close the previously opened settings panel.
:return:
True if the settings has been closed.
'''
win = self._app_window
settings = self._app_settings
if win is None or settings is None:
return
if settings in win.children:
win.remove_widget(settings)
return True
return False
[ドキュメント] def create_settings(self):
'''Create the settings panel. This method will normally
be called only one time per
application life-time and the result is cached internally,
but it may be called again if the cached panel is removed
by :meth:`destroy_settings`.
By default, it will build a settings panel according to
:attr:`settings_cls`, call :meth:`build_settings`, add a Kivy panel if
:attr:`use_kivy_settings` is True, and bind to
on_close/on_config_change.
If you want to plug your own way of doing settings, without the Kivy
panel or close/config change events, this is the method you want to
overload.
.. versionadded:: 1.8.0
'''
if self.settings_cls is None:
from kivy.uix.settings import SettingsWithSpinner
self.settings_cls = SettingsWithSpinner
elif isinstance(self.settings_cls, string_types):
self.settings_cls = Factory.get(self.settings_cls)
s = self.settings_cls()
self.build_settings(s)
if self.use_kivy_settings:
s.add_kivy_panel()
s.bind(on_close=self.close_settings,
on_config_change=self._on_config_change)
return s
[ドキュメント] def destroy_settings(self):
'''.. versionadded:: 1.8.0
Dereferences the current settings panel if one
exists. This means that when :meth:`App.open_settings` is next
run, a new panel will be created and displayed. It doesn't
affect any of the contents of the panel, but lets you (for
instance) refresh the settings panel layout if you have
changed the settings widget in response to a screen size
change.
If you have modified :meth:`~App.open_settings` or
:meth:`~App.display_settings`, you should be careful to
correctly detect if the previous settings widget has been
destroyed.
'''
if self._app_settings is not None:
self._app_settings = None
#
# privates
#
def _on_config_change(self, *largs):
self.on_config_change(*largs[1:])
def _install_settings_keys(self, window):
window.bind(on_keyboard=self._on_keyboard_settings)
def _on_keyboard_settings(self, window, *largs):
key = largs[0]
setting_key = 282 # F1
# android hack, if settings key is pygame K_MENU
if platform == 'android' and not USE_SDL2:
import pygame
setting_key = pygame.K_MENU
if key == setting_key:
# toggle settings panel
if not self.open_settings():
self.close_settings()
return True
if key == 27:
return self.close_settings()
def on_title(self, instance, title):
if self._app_window:
self._app_window.set_title(title)
def on_icon(self, instance, icon):
if self._app_window:
self._app_window.set_icon(self.get_application_icon())


Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView > Class Template Reference
Detailed Description
template<>
class Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >
View array for no view (empty).
Definition at line 231 of file int-noview.icc.
Constructors and initialization | |
| ViewArray (void) | |
| Default constructor (array of size 0). | |
| ViewArray (Space *home, int m) | |
| Allocate array with m variables. | |
| ViewArray (const ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView > &) | |
| Initialize. | |
| ViewArray (Space *, const ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView > &) | |
| Initialize. | |
| ViewArray (Space *, const Reflection::VarMap &, Reflection::Arg *) | |
| Initialize. | |
| const ViewArray < Int::Linear::NoView > & | operator= (const ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView > &) |
| Initialize. | |
Array size | |
| int | size (void) const |
| Return size of array (number of elements). | |
| void | size (int n) |
| Decrease size of array (number of elements). | |
Array elements | |
| Int::Linear::NoView | operator[] (int i) |
| Return view at position i. | |
Dependencies | |
| void | subscribe (Space *, Propagator *p, PropCond pc, bool process=true) |
| Subscribe propagator p with propagation condition pc to all views. | |
| void | cancel (Space *home, Propagator *p, PropCond pc) |
| Cancel subscription of propagator p with propagation condition pc to all views. | |
Cloning | |
| void | update (Space *, bool share, ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView > &a) |
| Update array to be a clone of array a. | |
Reflection | |
| Reflection::Arg * | spec (const Space *home, Reflection::VarMap &m) const |
| Return specification for this array, using variable map m. | |
Moving elements | |
| void | move_fst (int i) |
| Move assigned view from position 0 to position i (shift elements to the left). | |
| void | move_lst (int i) |
Move assigned view from position size()-1 to position i (truncate array by one). | |
| void | move_fst (int i, Propagator *p, PropCond pc) |
| Move view from position 0 to position i (shift elements to the left). | |
| void | move_lst (int i, Propagator *p, PropCond pc) |
Move view from position size()-1 to position i (truncate array by one). | |
Dropping elements | |
| void | drop_fst (int i) |
| Drop assigned views from positions 0 to i-1 from array. | |
| void | drop_lst (int i) |
Drop assigned views from positions i+1 to size()-1 from array. | |
| void | drop_fst (int i, Propagator *p, PropCond pc) |
| Drop views from positions 0 to i-1 from array. | |
| void | drop_lst (int i, Propagator *p, PropCond pc) |
Drop assigned views from positions i+1 to size()-1 from array. | |
View equality | |
| bool | equal (void) const |
| Test whether array has equal views. | |
| bool | equal (const Int::Linear::NoView &y) const |
| Test whether array contains view equal to y. | |
| void | unique (void) |
| Remove all duplicate views from array (changes element order). | |
View sharing | |
| bool | shared (void) const |
| Test whether array has shared views. | |
| bool | shared (const Int::Linear::NoView &y) const |
| Test whether array contains view shared with y. |
Constructor & Destructor Documentation
| Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::ViewArray | ( | void | ) | [inline] |
| Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::ViewArray | ( | Space * | home, | |
| int | m | |||
| ) | [inline] |
| Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::ViewArray | ( | const ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView > & | ) | [inline] |
| Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::ViewArray | ( | Space * | , | |
| const ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView > & | ||||
| ) | [inline] |
| Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::ViewArray | ( | Space * | , | |
| const Reflection::VarMap & | , | |||
| Reflection::Arg * | ||||
| ) | [inline] |
Member Function Documentation
| const ViewArray<Int::Linear::NoView>& Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::operator= | ( | const ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView > & | ) | [inline] |
| int Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::size | ( | void | ) | const [inline] |
| void Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::size | ( | int | n | ) | [inline] |
| Int::Linear::NoView Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::operator[] | ( | int | i | ) | [inline] |
| void Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::subscribe | ( | Space * | , | |
| Propagator * | p, | |||
| PropCond | pc, | |||
| bool | process = true | |||
| ) | [inline] |
Subscribe propagator p with propagation condition pc to all views.
Definition at line 270 of file int-noview.icc.
| void Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::cancel | ( | Space * | home, | |
| Propagator * | p, | |||
| PropCond | pc | |||
| ) | [inline] |
Cancel subscription of propagator p with propagation condition pc to all views.
Definition at line 274 of file int-noview.icc.
| void Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::update | ( | Space * | , | |
| bool | share, | |||
| ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView > & | a | |||
| ) | [inline] |
Update array to be a clone of array a.
If share is true, sharing is retained for all shared data structures. Otherwise, for each of them an independent copy is created.
Definition at line 288 of file int-noview.icc.
| Reflection::Arg* Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::spec | ( | const Space * | home, | |
| Reflection::VarMap & | m | |||
| ) | const [inline] |
Return specification for this array, using variable map m.
Definition at line 296 of file int-noview.icc.
| void Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::move_fst | ( | int | i | ) | [inline] |
Move assigned view from position 0 to position i (shift elements to the left).
Definition at line 306 of file int-noview.icc.
| void Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::move_lst | ( | int | i | ) | [inline] |
Move assigned view from position size()-1
to position i (truncate array by one).
Definition at line 308 of file int-noview.icc.
| void Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::move_fst | ( | int | i, | |
| Propagator * | p, | |||
| PropCond | pc | |||
| ) | [inline] |
Move view from position 0 to position i (shift elements to the left).
Before moving, cancel subscription of propagator p with propagation condition pc to view at position i.
Definition at line 314 of file int-noview.icc.
| void Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::move_lst | ( | int | i, | |
| Propagator * | p, | |||
| PropCond | pc | |||
| ) | [inline] |
Move view from position size()-1
to position i (truncate array by one).
Before moving, cancel subscription of propagator p with propagation condition pc to view at position i.
Definition at line 322 of file int-noview.icc.
| void Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::drop_fst | ( | int | i | ) |
Drop assigned views from positions 0 to i-1 from array.
| void Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::drop_lst | ( | int | i | ) |
Drop assigned views from positions i+1 to size()-1
from array.
| void Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::drop_fst | ( | int | i, | |
| Propagator * | p, | |||
| PropCond | pc | |||
| ) | [inline] |
Drop views from positions 0 to i-1 from array.
Before moving, cancel subscription of propagator p with propagation condition pc to views at positions 0 to i-1.
Definition at line 338 of file int-noview.icc.
| void Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::drop_lst | ( | int | i, | |
| Propagator * | p, | |||
| PropCond | pc | |||
| ) | [inline] |
Drop assigned views from positions i+1 to size()-1
from array.
Before moving, cancel subscription of propagator p with propagation condition pc to views at positions i+1 to size()-1
.
Definition at line 347 of file int-noview.icc.
| bool Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::equal | ( | void | ) | const [inline] |
| bool Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::equal | ( | const Int::Linear::NoView & | y | ) | const [inline] |
| void Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::unique | ( | void | ) | [inline] |
Remove all duplicate views from array (changes element order).
Definition at line 362 of file int-noview.icc.
| bool Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::shared | ( | void | ) | const [inline] |
| bool Gecode::ViewArray< Int::Linear::NoView >::shared | ( | const Int::Linear::NoView & | y | ) | const [inline] |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- gecode/int/linear/int-noview.icc (Revision: 6017)


The trusted global platform that inspires and enables people to experience the best of the city. Operating in 107 cities, across 39 countries, it has an average monthly global audience reach of over 111 million across all platforms.
Today's Schedule - Talks
Testing in Django and 7Bridges and Django - Ana Balica
7Bridges and Django - Matei Beremski
Django Viewflow - Sam Ghosh
Today's Schedule
Eating and Drinking
Until ~20:45 - Drinks at The Space Bar
20:45 - close: Red Lion Pub (opposite), bar menu available


This grade calculator can help you find exactly what you need to prepare for!
If you find any errors, have any concerns, or have any suggestions, feel free to contact me.
doberenz.alejandro@gmail.com


Open the console and click the links to see what was watched. You'll have to actually follow-through with the actions to see the events get fired in the console.
Tweet
Follow @brandonaaron


{%extends "layout.html"%} {%block content%}
Our mission is to accurately and effectively communicate relevant predictions based on the best available data and statistically sound models. We seek to identify the best “ground truth” models to predict for all 50 US states:
1. Disease curve trends
2. Hospital capacity and medical equipment supplies
3. Medical workforce capacity
4. Efficacy of pandemic response policies


$def with (userInfo) $var title: Reset your password $var description: Reset your password
Update
Password updated.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
Create a category :D
Please review your information and resend after correcting it.


Links Tourette Canada Brake Shop Clinic - CPRI International Tourette Syndrome Organizations Tourette Syndrome + Dr. Oliver Sacks Life's A Twitch Camp Winston Center for Collaborative Problem Solving - Ross Greene, Ph.D. Tourette Syndrome Association of the United States


public
php_adt\Genewrapor
|
#
__construct( Iterator $iterable, boolean $reiterable = false )
Constructor.
Parameters
- $iterable
- An iterable object or array (i.e. a generator) that will be wrapped into the instance.
- $reiterable
- Indicates whether to remember the iterated items. If true the instance can be iterated more than once.
Returns
|
public
php_adt\Genewrapor
|
#
copy( boolean $deep = false )
Creates a copy of the instance.
Creates a copy of the instance.
Parameters
- $deep
- This parameter has no effect. It is present only for interface consistency (clonable).
Returns
|
public
Iterator
|
#
iterable( )
Returns the internal iterable object.
Returns the internal iterable object.
Returns
Iterator
|
public
boolean
|
#
is_reiterable( )
Indicates if the instance can be reiterated.
Indicates if the instance can be reiterated.
Returns
boolean
|
public
php_adt\Arr
|
#
items( integer $size = PHP_INT_MAX )
Generates a list of key-value pairs from the iterable. If the iterable is a generator and the reiterable flag has not been set to true.
Generates a list of key-value pairs from the iterable. If the iterable is a generator and the reiterable flag has not been set to true.
Parameters
Returns
|
public
php_adt\Arr
|
#
to_arr( integer $size = PHP_INT_MAX )
Synonym for 'items()'.
Parameters
Returns
|
public
php_adt\Arr
|
#
keys( integer $size = PHP_INT_MAX )
Generates a list of keys from the iterable. If the iterable is a generator and the reiterable flag has not been set to true.
Generates a list of keys from the iterable. If the iterable is a generator and the reiterable flag has not been set to true.
Parameters
Returns
|
public
php_adt\Arr
|
#
values( integer $size = PHP_INT_MAX )
Generates a list of values from the iterable. If the iterable is a generator and the reiterable flag has not been set to true.
Generates a list of values from the iterable. If the iterable is a generator and the reiterable flag has not been set to true.
Parameters
Returns
|
public
mixed
|
#
current( )
Returns the current element.
Returns the current element.
Returns
mixed
Implementation of
Iterator::current()
|
public
mixed
|
#
key( )
Returns the key of the current element.
Returns the key of the current element.
Returns
mixed
Implementation of
Iterator::key()
|
public
|
#
next( )
Moves the cursor to the next element (the one after the current element).
Moves the cursor to the next element (the one after the current element).
Implementation of
Iterator::next()
|
public
|
#
rewind( )
Moves the cursor to the first element.
Moves the cursor to the first element.
Implementation of
Iterator::rewind()
|
public
php_adt\Genewrapor
|
#
filter( callable $callback )
Filters the items of the iterable using the given callback.
Filters the items of the iterable using the given callback.
Parameters
- $callback
The callback determines what items to keep. If true is returned the item is kept.
boolean $callback($key, $value)
Returns
|
public
php_adt\Genewrapor
|
#
map( callable $callback )
Maps the items of the iterable using the given callback.
Maps the items of the iterable using the given callback.
Parameters
- $callback
The callback determines the new value of the item. If true is returned the item is kept.
mixed $callback($key, $value)
Returns
|
public
mixed
|
#
reduce( $callback, $args )
reduce($callback[, initial])
Apply function of two arguments cumulatively to the items of this
Genewrapor, from left to right, so as to reduce the Genewrapor to a
single value.
reduce($callback[, initial])
Apply function of two arguments cumulatively to the items of this
Genewrapor, from left to right, so as to reduce the Genewrapor to a
single value.
Returns
mixed
|


Pride, Passion, Purpose
"If there is a club in the country which deserves to be dubbed the greatest, few will deny the right of Aston Villa to share the highest niche of fame with even the most historic of aspirants"
- William McGregor
"Look at your badge what do you see? A star, a lion and the word Prepared. Now go out there, be a star by being prepared to be fight like a lion and we will be behind you all the way win or lose"
- Garry Thomas
On a cold night in 1874, our cricketing forefathers stood underneath the gas lamp to create the football league. It was set that, with 11 others teams, Aston Villa would be born. From there, Villa have gone on to win a European Cup, 7 First Division Titles, 7 FA Cup's, 5 League Cup's, a UEFA Super Cup and an English Super Cup.


The 2019 session addressed information security, ethical and legal practices, and mitigating cyber vulnerabilities.
An artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm implemented via Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). GANs are composed of two competing neural networks which attempt to fool each other. The STORMBREAKER GAN is comprised of two, one-dimensional convolutional neural networks with a total of over 1 million parameters.
LT Joseph Post, LT Sean Fitzgerald, Garry Rosene and Olasunkanmi Kupoluyi.
Doxinfo is a platform for checking and rating privacy of the websites. Find out how websites and online companies use your data. Campare them and chose the one that is privacy respectful. Track which data online services demand, collect and use it in your favor. Control what kind of personal data you want to share.
Bruno Dantas, Ricardo Norzagaray, Hermann Pauwells and John Goes.


Pest grammar language support.
You're encouraged to contribute to the plugin in any form if you've found any issues or missing functionality that
you'd want to see.
There are tutorial videos on both
YouTube and
Bilibili.
All your issues/pull requests will be replied very quickly.
Features as a standalone plugin:
- This is a dynamic plugin!
- File icon, different for dark and bright themes
- Rich completion for rules
- Live Preview -- syntax highlight with pest on-the-fly!
- Live Preview to HTML -- export your live-previewed file as HTML!
- Separated highlighting for different rule types
- Keyword highlight built-in rules
- Rename for rules (and validate your rename!)
- Backspace deletes corresponding parenthesis/bracket/brace as well
- Click to go to definition for rules
- GitHub error reporter
- Structure view
- Rule folding
- Find usages
- String literal injection
- Quote handler (automatic insert paired quote)
- Spell checker (for comments/rule names, strings are suppressed)
- Recursive rule line marker
- Duplicated rule checker
- Rule inline (this is very fancy!)
- Rule extraction (this is currently poorly implemented)
- Live template completion for
COMMENT
and WHITESPACE
- Completion for built-in rules
Features when co-installed with Rust plugin:
- Automatically highlight pest code in
#[grammar_inline = "..."]
Hope one day this plugin can be integrated with the Rust plugin and provide completion/resolving for something like
Rule::rule_name
.
Maintainers:
Contributors:


Functions
The following functions are available globally.
-
Process GET or POST query into a dictionary.
Declaration
Swift
public func process(query: String) -> [String:String]
Parameters
query
Query string to process. For example:
foo=bar&bar=foo
.Return Value
- Processed dictionary.
-
Read POST query if there is one.
Declaration
Swift
public func readPost()
-
Returns
true
if given key is set for query for given method.Declaration
Swift
public func isKey(_ key: String, setForMethod method: Method) -> Bool
Parameters
key
Key to check.
method
Method of query where search
key
.


Type Function Library os.* Return value String or Table Revision Current Public Release (2013.2076) Keywords time, date, format See also os.time()
os.clock()
system.getTimer()
Returns a string or a table containing date and time, formatted according to the given string format.
os.date( [format [, time] ] )
String. If format starts with !
, then the date is formatted in Coordinated Universal Time. After this optional character, if format is the string *t
, then date returns a table with the following fields: year
(four digits), month
(1--12), day
(1--31), hour
(0--23), min
(0--59), sec
(0--61), wday
(weekday, Sunday is 1), yday
(day of the year), and isdst
(daylight saving flag, a boolean).
If format is not *t
, then date returns the date as a string, formatted according to similar rules as the C function strftime(3)
.
The formatting codes os.date()
understands are as follows:
%a
Abbreviated weekday name %A
Full weekday name %b
Abbreviated month name %B
Full month name %c
Date and time representation appropriate for locale %d
Day of month as decimal number (01 – 31) %H
Hour in 24-hour format (00 – 23) %I
Hour in 12-hour format (01 – 12) %j
Day of year as decimal number (001 – 366) %m
Month as decimal number (01 – 12) %M
Minute as decimal number (00 – 59) %p
Current locale's A.M./P.M. indicator for 12-hour clock %S
Second as decimal number (00 – 59) %U
Week of year as decimal number, with Sunday as first day of week (00 – 53) %w
Weekday as decimal number (0 – 6; Sunday is 0) %W
Week of year as decimal number, with Monday as first day of week (00 – 53) %x
Date representation for current locale %X
Time representation for current locale %y
Year without century, as decimal number (00 – 99) %Y
Year with century, as decimal number %z
,%Z
The time-zone name or time zone abbreviation %%
Percent sign
This list is somewhat operating system dependent so don't rely on any additional format items you might discover working on all platforms.
Number. If the time argument is present, this is the time to be formatted (see the os.time() function for a description of this value). Otherwise, date formats the current time.
When called without arguments, date returns a reasonable date and time representation that depends on the host system and on the current locale (that is, os.date() is equivalent to os.date("%c")
).
local date = os.date( "*t" ) -- returns table of date & time values
print( date.year, date.month ) -- print year and month
print( date.hour, date.min ) -- print hour and minutes
print( os.date( "%c" ) ) -- print out time/date string: e.g., "Thu Oct 23 14:55:02 2010"


Optimize¶
After you analyze your model, you are ready to make optimizations on it. When you apply model optimizations (such as pruning), retraining the model is required. During model optimization, you will use Sparsify to apply the latest techniques to make your model run faster. Your goals are to:
Create and edit an automatic model optimization configuration using one of the Sparsify techniques:
Pruning
Quantization (future)
Sparse transfer learning (future)
Optionally, benchmark the model to get measured (rather than estimated) values.
Running Sparsify for Model Optimization¶
There are two ways to use model optimization settings:
Custom—Pruning, Quantization (future), or Sparse transfer learning (future)
Presets (future)
Note: If you already ran optimization for your model, you will not see these options. Instead, the Optimization screen will be displayed.
To run Sparsify for optimization:
Select your optimization choice and click Next.
To help Sparsify set up a pruning profile, indicate how you trained your model. Select:
Optimizer used.
Number of epochs used for your original training. This value must be greater than 1 and is generally 20 or greater.
Learning rate range that you used for training. The Initial LR should be less than 1 and the Final LR must be less than the Initial LR.
For example:
Click APPLY.
Note: If you need to change these settings in the future, you can do so by changing the Settings. However, changing these values later will not change the modifiers on the Optimization screen.
The Optimization screen is displayed. For example:
The Optimization screen consists of three sections:
Pruning Modifier
Learning Rate Modifier (displayed only if you entered the learning rates)
Training Summary
Pruning Modifier¶
The Pruning Modifier represents the sparsity profile, which shows all of the modifications that will be done to the training process to make it faster. For example:
The graph provides a visual of the modifier—the sparsity across all the layers in the model. This gives you a sense of what is changing. Tooltips provide additional information at each layer.
Values on the left of this section show the modifier results—what is expected to happen during optimization. You want to see as much speedup as possible. Below the values, notice that you can scroll through the following to see different types of information:
Summary
Recovery Confidence is the estimated chance of recovering the original accuracy of your model after pruning. Recovery Confidence compares the sparsity values with the optimal for loss use case. This value should be as close to 1 as possible (or greater than 1).
Performance
FLOPS
Params
Pruning settings and the active epoch range are displayed to the right of the graph.
The average sparsity is displayed. You can use the slider to redistribute the sparsity across all layers to determine what will provide the best performance and the best chance for recovery. As you move the sparsity slider, you will see instant feedback in the measurement values and the graph. You will see changes in the estimated speedup, time, and recovery confidence. This gives you a relative sense of how much better the profile is. Sparsify redistributes the average sparsity for the model such that layers that affect the loss less and performance more are pruned to a higher level than others.
Click the icon to see additional pruning settings. You can filter the layers by adjusting the minimum sparsity, minimum speedup, and/or minimum recovery. In addition, you can establish the optimization balance between performance and recovery.
The active epoch range indicates when pruning will be active while training. The specified range affects accuracy and loss. If the range starts at 1 and ends at 31, pruning will run from epochs 1 through 31. The update frequency indicates the pruning steps taken (how often pruning occurs) while training. For example, if the update frequency is set to 1, pruning will take place once every epoch. If the update frequency is set to 0.5, pruning will take place at a rate of twice per epoch.
Pruning Editor
Click to access the Pruning Editor.
The table below the graph lists information for all layers. You can open each layer for more detail that you can adjust for optimization on a layer-by-layer basis. You can click to display more detail for a layer. For example:
Learning Rate Modifier¶
This section is displayed only if you entered the learning rates on the Model Optimization Settings dialog.
When you apply model optimizations (such as pruning), retraining the model is required. So, the learning rate modifier indicates (as you are training) how the system will control the learning rate for that training process. The graph represents a set learning rate schedule. It shows that at each learning rate step, increasingly fine-grained details of the model are learned.
These values apply to the learning rate range when retraining the model. The initial learning rate value corresponds to the starting epoch and the final learning rate corresponds to the ending epoch.
Learning Rate Editor
The recovery confidence is closely tied to the learning rate range. You can adjust learning rate information and save multiple schedules.
Click to access the Learning Rate Editor. For example:
(to the right of a schedule) removes the schedule.
(at the top right of the learning rate schedules table) adds a learning rate schedule.
saves the schedule.
removes the current settings.
Training Summary¶
The training summary lays out all of the modifiers that are running and when those modifiers are active while you are training. In the following example, the pruning modifier is active during the pruning stage from epochs 1 to 31, and the learning rate modifier is active throughout the training (epochs 0 to 53) during the stabilization, pruning, and fine-tuning stages.
Exporting¶
When you are satisfied with the optimization setting, click the EXPORT button to export a configuration file and integrate code into your training, as described in the Integrate section.
Next steps…
Continue by Benchmarking. Otherwise, you are ready to Integrate.


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- afterPropertiesSet() - 类 中的方法com.msa.api.gateway.registry.ApplicationGatewayClientRegister
-
Invoked by a BeanFactory after it has set all bean properties supplied
(and satisfied BeanFactoryAware and ApplicationContextAware).
- ApplicationGatewayClientRegister - com.msa.api.gateway.registry中的类
-
The type Application gateway client register.
- ApplicationGatewayClientRegister(ApplicationGatewayProperties) - 类 的构造器com.msa.api.gateway.registry.ApplicationGatewayClientRegister
-
Instantiates a new Application gateway client register.
- applicationGatewayClientRegister(ApplicationGatewayProperties) - 类 中的方法com.msa.api.gateway.registry.ApplicationGatewayClientRegisterAutoConfiguration
-
Application gateway client register application gateway client register.
- ApplicationGatewayClientRegisterAutoConfiguration - com.msa.api.gateway.registry中的类
-
The type Application gateway client register auto configuration.
- ApplicationGatewayClientRegisterAutoConfiguration() - 类 的构造器com.msa.api.gateway.registry.ApplicationGatewayClientRegisterAutoConfiguration
-
- ApplicationGatewayProperties - com.msa.api.gateway.registry中的类
-
The type Application gateway properties.
- ApplicationGatewayProperties() - 类 的构造器com.msa.api.gateway.registry.ApplicationGatewayProperties
-


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Two-time Olympic champion Diamond selling gold medal due to heart issue
by Melissa WoodsFormer Olympic shooting champion Michael Diamond may need a heart transplant and is selling a second gold medal to support his family.
The 47-year-old's ambitions of competing at a seventh Olympics in Tokyo next year ended after heart failure left him in a Newcastle hospital.
According to New Idea, Diamond's health problems started about a month ago when he suffered a shortness of breath with tests revealing his heart was only functioning at 15 per cent.
"It was bizarre and alarming," Diamond told the magazine.
Doctors then told Diamond, who won gold at the 1996 Games in Atlanta and four years later in Sydney, he was in line for a heart transplant.
"I thought, 'I'm too young for that'," the father-of-three said. "This is the greatest fight of my life. It's a pretty sobering feeling to have your heart fail on you.
"I do want to hang around - I want to see my kids get older and get married and I want to have grandchildren."
Separated from his wife Cathy, Diamond has three daughters and is selling his Atlanta gold medal to support them after selling his Sydney gold two years ago for $72,000.
Diamond's career went off the rails in 2016 following an alleged domestic dispute and high-range drink-driving charge.
He was then convicted for firearms offences, which carried a ban from holding a gun licence so he missed the 2016 Rio Olympics.
Diamond successfully appealed against the conviction a year later.
He felt the stress may have contributed to his heart issues.
"I was nervous and stressed out all the time," Diamond said. "I believe everything has snowballed to how I am feeling today."
Diamond's second trap shooting medal goes under the hammer on December 5 in Melbourne.
"I still have bills and I've still got to survive," he said.
"I've got kids to worry about and I'm doing just that,"
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Quarter
Extends:
A quarter-of-year, such as 'Q2'.
Quarter
is an enum representing the 4 quarters of the year -
Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. These are defined as January to March, April to June,
July to September and October to December.
The int
value follows the quarter, from 1 (Q1) to 4 (Q4).
It is recommended that applications use the enum rather than the int
value
to ensure code clarity.
Do not use ordinal()
to obtain the numeric representation of Quarter
.
Use getValue()
instead.
This enum represents a common concept that is found in many calendar systems. As such, this enum may be used by any calendar system that has the quarter-of-year concept defined exactly equivalent to the ISO calendar system.
Static Method Summary
| Static Public Methods | ||
| public static |
Obtains an instance of |
|
| public static |
Obtains an instance of |
|
| public static |
Obtains an instance of |
|
| public static |
replacement for enum |
|
| public static |
replacement for enum |
Method Summary
| Public Methods | ||
| public |
adjustInto(temporal: Temporal): Temporal Adjusts the specified temporal object to have this quarter-of-year. |
|
| public |
Compares this Quarter to another Quarter. |
|
| public |
displayName(style: TextStyle, locale: Locale): string Gets the textual representation, such as 'Q1' or '4th quarter'. |
|
| public |
equals(other: *): boolean |
|
| public |
firstMonth(): Month Gets the first of the three months that this quarter refers to. |
|
| public |
get(field: TemporalField): number Gets the value of the specified field from this quarter-of-year as an |
|
| public |
getLong(field: TemporalField): number Gets the value of the specified field from this quarter-of-year as a |
|
| public |
hashCode(): number A hash code for this quarter. |
|
| public |
isSupported(field: TemporalField): boolean Checks if the specified field is supported. |
|
| public |
length(leapYear: boolean): number Gets the length of this quarter in days. |
|
| public |
Returns the quarter that is the specified number of quarters before this one. |
|
| public |
name(): string |
|
| public |
ordinal(): number |
|
| public |
Returns the quarter that is the specified number of quarters after this one. |
|
| public |
query(query: TemporalQuery): * Queries this quarter-of-year using the specified query. |
|
| public |
range(field: TemporalField): ValueRange Gets the range of valid values for the specified field. |
|
| public |
toString(): string Outputs this quarter as a String, such as Q1 |
|
| public |
value(): number Gets the quarter-of-year |
Static Public Methods
public static from(temporal: Temporal): Quarter source
Obtains an instance of Quarter
from a temporal object.
This obtains a quarter based on the specified temporal.
A TemporalAccessor
represents an arbitrary set of date and time information,
which this factory converts to an instance of Quarter
.
The conversion extracts the IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR field.
The extraction is only permitted if the temporal object has an ISO
chronology, or can be converted to a LocalDate
.
This method matches the signature of the functional interface TemporalQuery
allowing it to be used in queries via method reference, Quarter.from
.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| temporal | Temporal | the temporal-time object to convert, not null |
Throw:
if unable to convert to a |
public static of(quarterOfYear: number): Quarter source
Obtains an instance of Quarter
from an int
value.
Quarter
is an enum representing the 4 quarters of the year.
This factory allows the enum to be obtained from the int
value.
The int
value follows the quarter, from 1 (Q1) to 4 (Q4).
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| quarterOfYear | number | the quarter-of-year to represent, from 1 (Q1) to 4 (Q4) |
Throw:
if the quarter-of-year is invalid |
public static ofMonth(monthOfYear: number): Quarter source
Obtains an instance of Quarter
from a month-of-year.
Quarter
is an enum representing the 4 quarters of the year.
This factory allows the enum to be obtained from the Month
value.
January to March are Q1, April to June are Q2, July to September are Q3 and October to December are Q4.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| monthOfYear | number | the month-of-year to convert from, from 1 to 12 |
Throw:
if the month-of-year is invalid |
Public Methods
public adjustInto(temporal: Temporal): Temporal source
Adjusts the specified temporal object to have this quarter-of-year.
This returns a temporal object of the same observable type as the input with the quarter-of-year changed to be the same as this.
The adjustment is equivalent to using Temporal.with
passing IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR as the field.
If the specified temporal object does not use the ISO calendar system then
a DateTimeException
is thrown.
In most cases, it is clearer to reverse the calling pattern by using Temporal.with:
// these two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended
temporal = thisQuarter.adjustInto(temporal);
temporal = temporal.with(thisQuarter);
For example, given a date in May, the following are output:
dateInMay.with(Q1); // three months earlier
dateInMay.with(Q2); // no change
dateInMay.with(Q3); // three months later
dateInMay.with(Q4); // six months later
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| temporal | Temporal | the target object to be adjusted, not null |
Throw:
if unable to make the adjustment |
|
if numeric overflow occurs |
public compareTo(other: Quarter): number source
Compares this Quarter to another Quarter.
The comparison is based on the value of the Quarter. It is "consistent with equals", as defined by Comparable.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| other | Quarter | the other quarter to compare to, not null |
Return:
| number | the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater |
public displayName(style: TextStyle, locale: Locale): string source
Gets the textual representation, such as 'Q1' or '4th quarter'.
This returns the textual name used to identify the quarter-of-year, suitable for presentation to the user. The parameters control the style of the returned text and the locale.
If no textual mapping is found then the {@link #getValue() numeric value} is returned.
Return:
| string | the text value of the day-of-week, not null |
public equals(other: *): boolean source
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| other | * |
Return:
| boolean |
public firstMonth(): Month source
Gets the first of the three months that this quarter refers to.
Q1 will return January. Q2 will return April. Q3 will return July. Q4 will return October.
To obtain the other two months of the quarter, simply use {@link Month#plus(long)} on the returned month.
public get(field: TemporalField): number source
Gets the value of the specified field from this quarter-of-year as an int
.
This queries this quarter for the value for the specified field. The returned value will always be within the valid range of values for the field. If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
If the field is IsoFields.QUARTER_OF_YEAR then the
value of the quarter-of-year, from 1 to 4, will be returned.
All ChronoField
instances will throw an UnsupportedTemporalTypeException
.
If the field is not a ChronoField
, then the result of this method
is obtained by invoking TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor)
passing this
as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained,
and what the value represents, is determined by the field.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| field | TemporalField | the field to get, not null |
Return:
| number | the value for the field, within the valid range of values |
Throw:
if a value for the field cannot be obtained or the value is outside the range of valid values for the field |
|
if the field is not supported or
the range of values exceeds an |
|
if numeric overflow occurs |
public getLong(field: TemporalField): number source
Gets the value of the specified field from this quarter-of-year as a long
.
This queries this quarter for the value for the specified field. If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
If the field is {@link IsoFields#QUARTER_OF_YEAR QUARTER_OF_YEAR} then the
value of the quarter-of-year, from 1 to 4, will be returned.
All other ChronoField
instances will throw an UnsupportedTemporalTypeException
.
If the field is not a ChronoField
, then the result of this method
is obtained by invoking TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor)
passing this
as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained,
and what the value represents, is determined by the field.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| field | TemporalField | the field to get, not null |
Return:
| number | the value for the field |
Throw:
if a value for the field cannot be obtained |
|
if the field is not supported |
|
if numeric overflow occurs |
public isSupported(field: TemporalField): boolean source
Checks if the specified field is supported.
This checks if this quarter-of-year can be queried for the specified field. If false, then calling the {@link #range(TemporalField) range} and {@link #get(TemporalField) get} methods will throw an exception.
If the field is {@link IsoFields#QUARTER_OF_YEAR QUARTER_OF_YEAR} then
this method returns true.
All ChronoField
instances will return false.
If the field is not a ChronoField
, then the result of this method
is obtained by invoking TemporalField.isSupportedBy(TemporalAccessor)
passing this
as the argument.
Whether the field is supported is determined by the field.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| field | TemporalField | the field to check, null returns false |
Return:
| boolean | true if the field is supported on this quarter-of-year, false if not |
public length(leapYear: boolean): number source
Gets the length of this quarter in days.
This takes a flag to determine whether to return the length for a leap year or not.
Q1 has 90 in a standard year and 91 days in a leap year. Q2 has 91 days. Q3 and Q4 have 92 days.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| leapYear | boolean | true if the length is required for a leap year |
Return:
| number | the length of this month in days, from 90 to 92 |
public minus(quarters: number): Quarter source
Returns the quarter that is the specified number of quarters before this one.
The calculation rolls around the start of the year from Q1 to Q4. The specified period may be negative.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| quarters | number | the quarters to subtract, positive or negative |
public plus(quarters: number): Quarter source
Returns the quarter that is the specified number of quarters after this one.
The calculation rolls around the end of the year from Q4 to Q1. The specified period may be negative.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| quarters | number | the quarters to add, positive or negative |
public query(query: TemporalQuery): * source
Queries this quarter-of-year using the specified query.
This queries this quarter-of-year using the specified query strategy object.
The TemporalQuery
object defines the logic to be used to
obtain the result. Read the documentation of the query to understand
what the result of this method will be.
The result of this method is obtained by invoking the
{@link TemporalQuery.queryFrom(TemporalAccessor)} method on the
specified query passing this
as the argument.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| query | TemporalQuery | the query to invoke, not null |
Return:
| * | the query result, null may be returned (defined by the query) |
Throw:
if unable to query (defined by the query) |
|
if numeric overflow occurs (defined by the query) |
public range(field: TemporalField): ValueRange source
Gets the range of valid values for the specified field.
The range object expresses the minimum and maximum valid values for a field. This quarter is used to enhance the accuracy of the returned range. If it is not possible to return the range, because the field is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
If the field is {@link IsoFields#QUARTER_OF_YEAR QUARTER_OF_YEAR} then the
range of the quarter-of-year, from 1 to 4, will be returned.
All ChronoField
instances will throw an UnsupportedTemporalTypeException
.
If the field is not a ChronoField
, then the result of this method
is obtained by invoking TemporalField.rangeRefinedBy(TemporalAccessor)
passing this
as the argument.
Whether the range can be obtained is determined by the field.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| field | TemporalField | the field to query the range for, not null |
Throw:
if the range for the field cannot be obtained |
|
if the field is not supported |
public toString(): string source
Outputs this quarter as a String, such as Q1
Return:
| string | a string representation of this quarter, not null |
public value(): number source
Gets the quarter-of-year int
value.
The values are numbered following the ISO-8601 standard, from 1 (Q1) to 4 (Q4).
Return:
| number | the quarter-of-year, from 1 (Q1) to 4 (Q4) |


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Most good programmers do their job not because they expect payment or recognition, but because they enjoy programming
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---
layout: archive
title: Lean Prover Zulip Chat Archive
permalink: 113489newmembers/06213termhastypepybutisexpectedtohavetypepm1.html
---
The archive URL format has changed. Please find this page at:
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{% include 'page.header.html' %} {% if site.title %}
This is a convenient place to put a quick blurb about yourself and the purpose of this site.
This is also a good place to list any other sites you are on like GitHub and Twitter.
/_templates/layout.html#L22-24


Yesterday, the autobiographical post I wrote for The Setup went live. I wrote that post over a year ago and then entered into an epic battle with @waferbaby about the length of my “Who are you, and what do you do?” section. He said it was too long. I said it could not be shortened. And so the post sat for a year, collecting dust, neither of us prepared to back down.
About a month ago I decided that it was foolish to let the words I had written rot on my hard drive and so I did the only thing I knew how to do: overreact. So I cut the original nine-hundred words of my bio down to fourteen words and resubmitted it to Daniel. Those are the words you see in the post now.
For your pleasure, here is the original bio in its full, unabridged glory.
My name is Tom Preston-Werner. I find that the hyphenated last name makes me sound distinguished and worth listening to. I grew up three decades ago in a small city in Iowa along the Mississippi, which means I shucked a lot of corn and know exactly how many mosquitos will land on your arm should you hold it still for ten minutes at dusk on the muggiest day of the summer. As an aspiring theoretical particle physicist, I worked my way through entire shelves of scientific literature from the public library, desperately wanting to understand the bewildering mathematics that littered the pages like so many leaves on the bottom of that morning’s cup of green tea. I searched in vain for instructors or classmates that could provide me with the insight necessary to comprehend the true meaning of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle, but all I found were underpaid math teachers and disillusioned “students” in search of their next smoke break. After obsessing over US News’ Best Colleges reports for months I finally chose and was accepted to Harvey Mudd, a tiny engineering school in California famous for assigning the greatest number of hours of homework per night. This sounded just perfect to me. Finally a place I could bring up the EPR Paradox and not be immediately stigmatized as “that science weirdo with the hilariously thick glasses and unfortunate hairdo.”
Mudd did not disappoint. But now I had the opposite problem. In order to properly understand particle physics, you must have a deep and profound love of math. You have to be so comfortable with abstract concepts that even Picasso would be jealous. Ironically, in order to grasp the fundamental reality of our universe, you must forget about the “reality” of everyday life and start living in a world comprised of eigenvectors, Hilbert spaces, and Planck’s constant. This was a leap I could not make. I like math, but I’m too easily distracted by macroscopic reality to make it my profession.
Once I accepted that I would never spend late nights poring over bubble chamber printouts at Fermilab, it became obvious that I was destined to enter computer science. I started programming in BASIC on a TRS-80 that my dad bought from Radio Shack when I was 8 years old. Since then, I’d learned to love the discipline and creativity involved in making a machine do my bidding. It was like having a super-obedient but annoyingly logical little brother. He’ll do anything you want as long as you tell him in precise and unambiguous language. The best thing is, the feedback is immediate. In physics, it can take twenty years to prove that a single esoteric particle even exists. When you’re writing a program that displays the number of electrons in each of the shells around the nucleus of every element, the feedback is immediate and intoxicating. With just a few keystrokes, the world is changed forever. Try to get that kind of rush even once in a lifetime as a theoretical particle physicist. I dare you.
In 1999, after two years of college, I dropped out of Harvey Mudd to join a startup with some friends that were graduating. It was the end of the first dot-com bubble and I thought I could strike it rich, right then and there. Sadly, like so many startups of the day, we never accomplished what we envisioned and I ended up bouncing between jobs and consulting gigs for six years until I found myself in San Francisco. If Harvey Mudd was my mecca for physicists, then San Francisco was my mecca for programmers. Where else can you be grabbing lunch at a taqueria and overhear a group at the next table discussing the finer points of optimizing C code to run on an embedded processor?
I moved to San Francisco to take a job as a Ruby developer with a Wikipedia search engine called Powerset. I also began attending Ruby meetups and drinking with local software developers. There are a lot of talented people in the Bay Area and I wanted to meet them all. Within the Ruby community, a distributed version control system called Git was starting to get some attention. It was a really cool way of working with other people on code, but there wasn’t an easy way to get up and running with a group of developers. Along with cofounders Chris Wanstrath and PJ Hyett (who I met at the Ruby meetups) I started a company called GitHub that would address this problem and make it dead simple to share Git repositories and collaborate on code with other developers.
At first, we worked on GitHub on the side, putting in time on evenings and weekends. After six months we launched the site to the public and started charging. Not long after that, Powerset was acquired by Microsoft and I was faced with a choice: stay on as a Microsoft employee with a big retention bonus and give up GitHub or turn down the Microsoft money and quit Powerset to work on GitHub full-time. You can read more about this saga in my blog post entitled How I Turned Down $300,000 from Microsoft to go Full-Time on GitHub. I think I made the right decision.
Today GitHub has twenty-nine employees and more than 730,000 users with over 2,000,000 repositories. We’re growing fast, and I’m having the time of my life!


Figure 2.11: The total area under the loading curve is the stored elastic strain energy density. The area under the unloading curve is the fraction of stored elastic strain energy density that is returned, or available to do work. The area between the two curves is the fraction of stored elastic strain energy density that is lost to the environment as heat
The stress-strain curve measured while unloading a material is always depressed relative to the curve measured while loading the material. The area under the loading curve is volume-standardized work done on the material (so the actual work is this number times the volume of the material). This volume-standardized work is equal to the stored strain-energy density. The area under the unloading curve is the fraction of the stored strain-energy density that is available for doing mechanical work on surrounding matter. This released elastic strain energy is always less than the stored elastic strain energy. The difference between the stored energy and the released energy is transferred to the environment as heat.


| 0 I thought I would do a few more examples of taking antiderivatives, just so we feel comfortable taking antiderivatives of all of the basic functions that we know how to take the derivatives of. 159 |
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| 159 And on top of that, I just want to make it clear that it doesn't always have to be functions of x. 233 |
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| 233 Here we have a function of t, and we're taking the antiderivative with respect to t. 297 |
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| 297 And so you would not write a dx here. 331 |
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| 331 That is not the notation. 348 |
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| 348 You'll see why when we focus on definite integrals. 396 |
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| 396 So what's the antiderivative of this business right over here? Well, it's going to be the same thing as the antiderivative of sine of t, or the indefinite integral of sine of t, plus the indefinite integral, or the antiderivative, of cosine of t. 715 |
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| 715 So let's think about what these antiderivatives are. 755 |
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| 755 And we already know a little bit about taking the derivatives of trig functions. 802 |
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| 802 We know that the derivative with respect to t of cosine of t is equal to negative sine of t. 978 |
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| 978 So if we want a sine of t here, we would just have to take the derivative of negative cosine t. 1046 |
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| 1046 If we take the derivative of negative cosine t, then we get positive sine of t. 1122 |
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| 1122 The derivative with respect to t of cosine t is negative sine of t. 1174 |
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| 1174 We have the negative out front. 1190 |
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| 1190 It becomes positive sine of t. 1217 |
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| 1217 So the antiderivative of sine of t is negative cosine of t. 1303 |
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| 1303 So this is going to be equal to negative cosine of t. 1361 |
|
| 1361 And then what's the antiderivative of cosine of t? Well, we already know that the derivative with respect to t of sine of t is equal to cosine of t. 1524 |
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| 1524 So cosine of t's antiderivative is just sine of t-- so plus sine of t. 1619 |
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| 1619 And we're done. 1630 |
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| 1630 We've found the antiderivative. 1668 |
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| 1668 Now let's tackle this. 1694 |
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| 1694 Now we don't have a t. 1707 |
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| 1707 We're taking the indefinite integral with respect to-- actually, this is a mistake. 1793 |
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| 1793 This should be with respect to a. 1818 |
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| 1818 Let me clean this up. 1836 |
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| 1836 This should be a da. 1859 |
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| 1859 If we were taking this with respect to t, then we would treat all of these things as just constants. 1916 |
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| 1916 But I don't want to confuse you right now. 1946 |
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| 1946 Let me make it clear. 1967 |
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| 1967 This is going to be da. 2000 |
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| 2000 That's what we are integrating or taking the antiderivative with respect to. 2054 |
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| 2054 So what is this going to be equal to? Well once again, we can rewrite it as the sum of integrals. 2151 |
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| 2151 This is the indefinite integral of e to the a da, so this one right over here-- a d I'll do it in green-- plus the indefinite integral, or the antiderivative, of 1/a da. 2381 |
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| 2381 Now, what is the antiderivative of e to the a? Well, we already know a little bit about exponentials. 2480 |
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| 2480 The derivative with respect to x of e to the x is equal to e to the x. 2566 |
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| 2566 That's one of the reasons why e in the exponential function in general is so amazing. 2625 |
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| 2625 And if we just replaced a with x or x with a, you get the derivative with respect to a of e to the a is equal to e to the a. 2780 |
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| 2780 So the antiderivative here, the derivative of e to the a, the antiderivative is going to be e to the a. 2868 |
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| 2868 And maybe you can shift it by some type of a constant. 2911 |
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| 2911 Oh, and let me not forget, I have to put my constant right over here. 2983 |
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| 2983 I could have a constant factor. 3004 |
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| 3004 So let me-- always important. 3032 |
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| 3032 Remember the constant. 3051 |
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| 3051 So you have a constant factor right over here. 3108 |
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| 3108 Never forget that. 3138 |
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| 3138 I almost did. 3154 |
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| 3154 So once again, over here, what's the antiderivative of e to the a? It is e to the a. 3258 |
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| 3258 What's the antiderivative of 1/a? Well, we've seen that in the last video. 3333 |
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| 3333 It is going to be the natural log of the absolute value of a. 3405 |
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| 3405 And then we want to have the most general antiderivative, so there could be a constant factor out here as well. 3518 |
|
| 3518 And we are done. 3541 |
|
| 3541 We found the antiderivative of both of these expressions. 3638 |
|
| 3638 3650 |


DOLPHIN PARK MASTERPLANS, 2014, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA
“We stop projecting our ourselves and desires onto the bush. Instead, Australians should try to understand it as it is, and as it can be, while also owning upto the damage they have done to it, as well as to the people their ancestors found there.” The Bush, Don Watson


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--- layout: page title: Home tagline: ---
My name is Honglin Yu. I am a PhD student of Computer Science at Australian National University and NICTA. Before coming to ANU, I studied automatic control at Southeast University, China.
For more about my research (codes, datasets etc), see corresponding Project page.


Appeal to an independent tax tribunal
Use this service to settle a tax dispute by submitting your case for an impartial ruling.
The Ministry of Justice operates the tax tribunal but its decision-making authority is completely independent of government.
A judge will listen to both sides in the dispute before making a decision.
For more information see the guide to tax tribunals and fees.
- Find out the cost of your appeal £20
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Other ways to submit an appeal
- You can submit an appeal or application by paper form
- Send by post to First-tier Tribunal (Tax Chamber), PO Box 16972, Birmingham, B16 6TZ


This interface allows to control the Jetbot platform using either the keyboard while watching live feed from the robot's frontal camera
First, enter the jetbot's IP address


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We work with vendors, developers, integrators and research teams to plugin their applications and systems into Redlink, encouraging a thriving ecosystem of content analysis and linked data driven solutions. Here you can see a list of the plugins currently using our API and services.
You can register at my.redlink.io for getting free access to the platform for a trial period of 42 days (pricing details).


Kohli lauds 'clinical' India after crushing Test win over Bangladesh
Indore - Skipper Virat Kohli on Saturday praised "clinical" India after their pacemen helped crush Bangladesh by an innings and 130 runs inside three days of the opening Test.
Mohammed Shami claimed four wickets and returned match figures of 7-58 as Bangladesh were bowled out for 213 in the final session in Indore.
Bangladesh's gamble to bat first after winning the toss backfired badly against the Indian pace attack who packed off the tourists for 150 on the opening day.
Shami's fellow quicks Umesh Yadav and Ishant Sharma shared three wickets between them after India declared their first innings on 493 for six, with a lead of 343 runs.
"Don't know what to say, another clinical performance," Kohli said after the win.
"These guys (our pacemen) are on top of their game, when they bowl, it looks like any pitch is a good pitch.
"Jasprit (Bumrah) isn't here but this is a dream combination for any captain. Having strong bowlers the most important thing in any team."
Shami and Yadav shared 24 wickets between them in India's recent 3-0 Test sweep of South Africa.
Mushfiqur, who scored 43 in the first innings, finally became one of three wickets taken by off-spinner Ravichandran Ashwin.
Ashwin, who reached 250 wickets in home Tests in the first innings, got last man Ebadat Hossain for one to spark India's victory celebrations.
India were dominant with the bat and ball against Bangladesh.
Opening batsman Mayank Agarwal played a key part in the win with his 243 -- his second double century in four Tests -- as India amassed 407 runs on the second day.
"Very professional with the bat, playing five batters with one guy taking responsibility is what we want with overseas tours coming up," said Kohli. "Hats off to the boys."
The bowlers kept up the pressure when Bangladesh started their second innings.
Yadav drew first blood, taking Imrul Kayes for six on a ball that curved into the left-hander and rattled the leg stump.
Ishant Sharma got Shadman Islam for six in the next over. Shami then trapped skipper Mominul Haque lbw for seven.
Mominul was given not out by the on-field umpire but Kohli successfully reviewed the decision with replays showing the ball would have hit leg stump.
Shami, who also took three wickets in the first innings, took Mohammad Mithun for 18.
"Shami has always had the speed. I think he presents probably the best seam position in world cricket," India's bowling coach told reporters.
"There is a perfect balance between fitness and the bowling he does. I think that works very well for Shami and that's the secret behind it."
Bangladesh skipper Mominul said the batting of Mushfiqur and bowling of Abu Jayed had been the only "positives" in the disappointing defeat.
Abu stood out with his four wickets in the Indian innings but got little support from his teammates.
The second and final match is a day-night clash, with India hosting its first-ever pink-ball Test at Kolkata's Eden Gardens from November 22.


Discover the universe is a simple web game. The aim of this game is to get the rocket into space and launch the first satellite. The game is based on a HTML Canvas and JavaScript.
Flight through cloud can damage the cover of rocket. Storm clouds damaging especially electronics. Conflict with meteorites greatly harms the rocket. It is necessary to keep the racket in the field of view, otherwise you lose the connection with the racket.
The rocket is controlled by arrows. All other information is displayed in the info panel. Here you can find an indication of damage, speed, height and console.
More information about me on my website or about.me.
I would like to thank the author of photo, that is very hilarious.
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{% if page.noads != true %} {% endif %} © {{ site.time | date: '%Y' }} {{ site.owner.name }} (also known as {{ site.owner.nickname }}). Follow me on these websites:


Use this to set the test cycle's custom fields.
The value should be a JSON object where the keys are the test cycle
custom field name and the values are the respective custom field
values.
Here's an example:
{
"single-choice": "option1",
"checkbox": true,
"userpicker": "5f8b5cf2ddfdcb0b8d1028bb",
"single-line": "a text line",
"datepicker": "2020-01-25",
"decimal": 10.55,
"number": 50,
"multi-choice": ["choice1","choice2"],
"multi-line": "first line<br />second line"
}
If there's a parsing error while parsing the JSON, the value will be
ignored and this field will then be empty upon page reload.


The outer gate is
Open
/
Closed
The inner gate is
Open
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Closed
The east inner gate is
Open
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Closed
All the gates are
Open
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Closed
Return


N.B.: This command was deprecated long ago and is not included in GrADS version 1.9 or later.
The wi
(write image) command dumps an exact copy of the
contents of the GrADS graphics screen directly to an image file. This
feature is implemented by means of an interface to the ImageMagick library. The syntax is:
wi filename.fmt
where filename
can be any meaningful file name,
and fmt
is one of the ImageMagick supported
formats: gif, bmp, cgm, eps, fax, ico, jpeg, pcx, hdf, and
many more.
wi
does not work when running GrADS in batch mode (-b option). A similar
command that does work in batch mode is printim
.
wi
command, because wi
takes
a snapshot of the current state of this window. If another window is
partially covering your graphics window, your image file will contain
the combination of these 2 windows.
To try out wi
, display something on the graphics screen,
and then at the ga-> prompt enter:
wi test.gif
for writing a GIF filewi test.jpeg
for writing a JPEG filewi test.bmp
for writing a Windows BMP file
wi
has been reported to produce black and white GIF
output on VGA systems with more than 256 colors. The workaround is to
write a JPEG image, or to change your Windows display to 256 colors.