Try out our Premium Member services: Virtual Legal Assistant, Query Alert Service and an ad-free experience. Free for one month and pay only if you like it.
BEFORE THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL (PRINCIPAL BENCH), NEW DELHI APPEAL No. 05/2013 (THC) 27th May, 2013 CORAM: 1. Hon'ble Shri Justice V.R. Kingaonkar (Judicial Member) 2. Hon'ble Dr. P.C. Mishra (Expert Member) 3. Hon'ble Shri P.S. Rao (Expert Member) 4. Hon'ble Shri Bikram Singh Sajwan (Expert Member) B E T W E E N: Haryana State Pollution Control Board, Plot No. C-11, Sector 6, Panchkula, Haryana through its Regional Officer, Panipat .....Appellant AND M/s Haryana Organics (A Division of Globus Spirits Ltd.) 4 Km stone, Chulkana Road, Samalkha, District Panipat, Haryana through its authorized signatory. ......Respondent (Advocates appeared: Mr. Narender Hooda, Sr. Advocate and Mr. Devinder Pratap Singh, Advocate for the Appellant and Mr. Sapan Dhir, Advocate for Respondent) 1 J U D G M E N T
1. By this Appeal/Application filed under Section 14(i) read with Section 16 of the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 Haryana State Pollution Control Board (HSPCB) challenges the order dated 6.11.2009 (Annexure P-14) passed by the Appellate Authority constituted under Section 28 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.
2. By the impugned order, the Appellate Authority directed that consent to operate Distillery unit run by Respondent (M/s. Haryana Organics) for the year 2008-09 shall be deemed to have been granted and hence forfeiture of Bank Guarantee of Rs. 12.25 lacs as directed by HSPCB is void and be restored to the latter.
3. Certain undisputed facts may be narrated at the outset in order to narrow down the compass of the dispute. They are as follows:
"M/s. Haryana Organics is a company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956. Previously it used to manufacture rectified spirit by using molasses as raw material. The distillery has switched over from use of molasses to grains. In Writ Petition (Civil) No. 725/1994 titled "Yamuna Vs. Central Pollution Control Board & Anr."
the Hon'ble Apex Court passed an order dated 31.01.2001, constituting a Committee consisting of Shri K. Roy Paul, Additional Secretary or such other senior officer as may be 2 deputed by the Ministry of Environment & Forest (MoEF), the Chairman of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and the Chairman of HSPCB. The Committee was directed to hold meeting on or before 31.01.2001 and decide whether to allow all or any of the Distilleries to operate or not to operate. This direction was given in the wake of closure of four (4) Distilleries out of such five (5) Distilleries operating in the State of Haryana, as per directions of the HSPCB. The three Member High Powered Committee in its meeting dated 08.10.2007 asked the HSPCB to direct M/s. Haryana Organics to submit a time bound programme for completion of the installation of RO/Nano Filtration system in order to ensure zero effluent discharge from its Distillery. The Committee also directed the HSPCB to seek a Bank Guarantee of Rs. 50.00 lacs in order to ensure commitment of M/s. Haryana Organics for commissioning the RO/Nano filtration system in accordance with the time bound programme. A joint visit by the officers of CPCB and HSPCB was to be arranged in the month of December, 2007 in order to verify the compliance. The Distillery (M/s Haryana Organics) submitted the time bound programme. Thereafter, M/s. Haryana Organics was informed by the HSPCB to execute the time bound programme for installation of the equipment i.e. bio-composting, Reverse Osmosis (RO), Nano Filtration (NF), Multiple Effect Evaporator, etc. to achieve zero effluent discharge. 3
M/s. Haryana Organics filed an application for consent to operate for the year 2008-09 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (for short, the Water Act) and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (for short, the Air Act). It assured that Nano filtration system for treatment of the trade effluents will be installed within a short span and necessary Bank Guarantee will be furnished. By letter dated 08.04.2008, M/s. Haryana Organics furnished the Bank Guarantee of Rs. 50.00 lacs along with the Pert chart for installation of the equipments as directed by the HSPCB."
4. There is no dispute about the fact that the HSPCB issued a show cause notice dated 28.04.2008 to M/s. Haryana Organics to comply with the directions of High Power Committee and furnish fresh documents to prove compliance within 15 days failing which the letter was to be treated as legal refusal of consent for the year 2008-2009. An opportunity of personal hearing was given to M/s. Haryana Organics on 09.07.2008 where Shri Parvesh Chawla, Manager, Public Relations of the Distillery (M/s Haryana Organics) promised to comply with the directions within 15 days failing which closure action could be initiated by the Pollution Board. M/s. Haryana Organics informed the HSPCB vide communication dated 26.09.2008 that installation of RO/Nano filtration system was done and a separate compliance report was also forwarded to the latter on 16.10.2008.
4
5. Briefly stated, it is the case of HSPCB that in pursuance to a complaint received from the office of the Deputy Commissioner, Sonepat dated 26.10.2008, the Distillery unit of M/s. Haryana Organics was visited and samples were collected from the outlets thereof. The samples were sent to the authorized laboratories. The sample's analysis indicated that the unit had failed to achieve zero discharge of the effluent and the trade effluent was being discharged in the drain leading to Sonepat, which contaminated the water of Yamuna river. Since there was violation of the directions issued by the three Member High Powered Committee, M/s. Haryana Organics was called upon to explain its stance. After personal hearing, M/s. Haryana Organics was given warning to comply with the directions and ensure zero discharge of effluent from the outlet, within a period of fifteen (15) days. Another direction was issued to extend the validity of Bank Guarantee upto 31st December, 2009. Accordingly, M/s. Haryana Organics extended the validity of Bank Guarantee upto 31.12.2009.
6. According to HSPCB, in spite of such assurance given by M/s. Haryana Organics there was no compliance made to achieve zero discharge of contaminated effluents. Besides acoustic chamber on DG set was not installed and analysis report of bottle washing section was not submitted. Again, a team of officers of CPCB and SPCB visited the Distillery on 02.04.2009 and collected samples of trade effluents that were being discharged from the outlets of the unit. It was found that the samples collected from the outlets of the bottling plant exceeded permissible limits of contamination. Eventually, 5 another opportunity of personal hearing was given to M/s. Haryana Organics on 08.05.2009 and thereafter a notice was issued under Section 33-A of the Water Act on 11.05.2009 calling upon the Distillery as to why 25% amount of the Bank Guarantee be not forfeited. A separate notice was issued on 14.05.2009 calling upon M/s. Haryana Organics to show cause as to why closure of the unit may not be ordered. During the course of personal hearing, it was assured by M/s. Haryana Organics that within fifteen (15) days the compliance would be made. The part of Bank Guarantee, to the extent of 25% amount was forfeited in view of the guidelines issued by the three Member High Powered Committee and as per the policy approved by the HSPCB in a meeting dated 09.03.2009.
7. It is further the case of HSPCB that the order dated 11.05.2009 to forfeit amount of Rs. 12.25 lacs, out of Bank Guarantee, was well reasoned and supported by sufficient material. Still, however, the Appellate Authority erroneously interfered with the said order and quashed the directions issued by the HSPCB vide the order impugned. The impugned order passed by the Appellate Board is incorrect and improper. Hence, the Applicant (HSPCB) challenged the said order by filing CWP No. 10832/2010, in the Hon'ble High Court of Punjab and Haryana.
8. The Writ Petition was transferred to this Tribunal by Hon'ble High Court of Punjab & Haryana vide order dated 22.01.2013. In the meanwhile, the Distillery was allowed to run under interim orders of the Hon'ble High Court.
6
9. M/s. Haryana Organics contended that due compliance of the directions was made much before the forfeiture of 25% of the Bank Guarantee. It was further clarified that RO/Nano filtration system was installed and made operational. It was, therefore, contended that forfeiture of the 25% amount of Bank Guarantee was illegal and as such the order of the HSPCB was liable to be quashed.
10. The Appellate Authority heard the parties and allowed the Appeal. The Appellate Authority directed to refund the forfeited amount of Rs. 12.25 lacs to M/s. Haryana Organics. Being aggrieved with such order of the Appellate Authority, the Writ Petition was filed by the HSPCB, which is now the subject matter of the present Appeal/Application.
11. We have heard Learned Counsel for the parties in extenso. On behalf of the Appellant (HSPCB), Learned Sr. Counsel Mr. Narender Hooda contended that directions under Section 33-A of the Water Act could be given in order to seek due compliance of the safety measures viz. installation of RO/Nano filtration system and that is why the Bank Guarantee also could be demanded. He contended that forfeiture of the 25% of the Bank Guarantee is within the powers of the HSPCB in as much as the installation of the RO/Nano filtration system was not done within the timeframe as per the Pert chart provided by M/s Haryana Organics.
12. He argued that the forfeiture was effected after issuing the notice dated 11.05.2009, on finding that there was non-explanation of the delay caused in installation of the required acoustic enclosure on 7 DG set, non-submission of analysis report of bottle washing section and non-compliance of zero discharge. He submitted that forfeiture of the Bank Guarantee was in accordance with the policy approved by the Pollution Board in its meeting dated 09.03.2009. He contended that the Appellate Authority committed error while holding that the forfeiture of the Bank Guarantee to the tune of Rs. 12.25 lacs is void. He invited our attention to the observations of the Appellate Authority in paragraph (9) of the impugned order and the concluding paragraph thereof. According to the Learned Sr. Counsel, there is internal contradiction between the observations of the Appellate Authority and hence the impugned order is liable to be set aside. He submitted that the Appellate Authority failed to appreciate that the action of the HSPCB was in accordance with the directions of the three Member High Powered Committee constituted by the Apex Court. He urged, therefore, to allow the Appeal and set aside the impugned order.
13. Per contra, Learned Counsel for the Respondent submitted that the HSPCB had no legal authority to ask for Bank Guarantee from the Respondent nor had power to forfeit any part thereof. He further submitted that the Respondent had furnished the Bank Guarantee under compulsion and at the most it could be treated as security for due compliance of the directions to install RO/Nano filtration system as per the earlier direction of the HSPCB. He argued that the Respondent, in fact, installed the RO/Nano filtration system as directed by the HSPCB. The due compliances were verified by the authorized officer of the HSPCB and as such, forfeiture of the 25% of Bank Guarantee was uncalled for. He further contended that there 8 was some delay in installation of the RO/Nano filtration system due to delay on part of the concerned dealers of the said system to deliver the goods and arrange for the installation thereof. He argued, therefore, that the forfeiture of the part of the Bank Guarantee amounts to penal action without legal authority and without any reasonable basis for the same. Hence, he supported the impugned order.
14. Having considered rival submissions and the pleadings of the parties, we are of the opinion that the real controversy falls within narrow compass. The controversial issue involved may be stated as follows:-
"Whether, in the facts and circumstances of the present case, HSPCB could have legally forfeited 25% of the Bank Guarantee amount and hence the impugned order is unsustainable" ?
15. At the threshold, it is worthwhile to note that the HSPCB called upon the Distillery to furnish Bank Guarantee of Rs. 50.00 lacs as a commitment for commissioning of RO/Nano filtration system as per the target specified in this behalf. The direction asking the Respondent to furnish the Bank Guarantee, was issued by the HSPCB in accordance with the recommendations of the three Member High Powered Committee constituted by the Apex Court in order to monitor the time bound programme for commissioning of RO/Nano filtration system in the plant of the Distillery of M/s Haryana Organics like that of all the other Distilleries in the State of Haryana, to achieve zero discharge. The Directions may be reproduced as below : - 9
"the committee decided that the HSPCB will direct the unit (Respondent) to submit a time bound programme for completion of the installation of RO/Nano filtration system along with the Bank Guarantee of Rs. 50.00 Lacs as a commitment for commissioning of RO/Nano filtration system as per the targets to be specified by HSPCB in the direction. The unit will be visited jointly by CPCB and HSPCB in December, 2007 for verification of the compliance"
(Emphasis supplied by us)
16. On plain reading of the aforementioned direction of the three Member High Powered Committee, it is manifestly clear that the Bank Guarantee was sought as a commitment for commissioning of the RO/Nano filtration system in accordance with the time bound programme that the Respondent - Distillery was required to submit to the HSPCB. In other words, the purpose to seek the Bank Guarantee of Rs. 50.00 lacs was to ensure installation of the RO/Nano filtration system within the time frame as per the programme. Obviously, as and when the compliance was made by the Respondent (Distillery), the purpose of the Bank Guarantee could be treated as accomplished. It is clear, therefore, that the continuation of the Bank Guarantee after due compliance of the installation of RO/Nano filtration system was not required. For, the purpose was to obtain security by way of the Bank Guarantee to ensure the compliance.
17. Now, it is pertinent to note that the direction of the three Member High Powered Committee to the HSPCB and the consequential direction of the HSPCB to the Respondent (Distillery) 10 was not by way of mutual agreement between the parties. There is no forfeiture clause provided under any terms agreed between the parties i.e. HSPCB and M/s. Haryana Organics. It is well settled that unless there is forfeiture clause specified in the bilateral agreement, no party is entitled to forfeit the security amount, after the compliance is made in accordance with the directions issued by the competent authority. Needless to say, HSPCB could not have unilaterally directed forfeiture of the part of such Bank Guarantee given by M/s. Haryana Organics.
18. Apart from absence of mutual contract between the parties, particularly, in the context of forfeiture clause, it cannot be overlooked that HSPCB acted under directions/guidelines issued by the three Member High Powered Committee appointed by the Apex Court in order to achieve zero effluent discharge by the Distilleries operating in the State of Haryana. It was necessary, therefore, that further directions ought to have been sought from the three Member High Powered Committee which could have perhaps got it vetted from the Apex Court, if at all any forfeiture was required to be done. On its own, HSPCB could not do so without concurrence of the three Member High Powered Committee.
19. Coming to the question of powers of HSPCB to give any direction under Section 33 - A of the Water Act, it is true, no doubt, that the provision commences with non-obstante clause and over rides any other provision contained in any other law. The section may be reproduced as follows, for the purpose of ready reference, in order to properly interpret the same:-
11
"Section 33 A. - Power to give directions. - Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law, but subject to the provisions of this Act, and to any directions that the Central Government may give in this behalf, a Board may, in the exercise of its powers and performance of its functions under this Act, issue any directions in writing to any person, officer or authority, and such person, officer or authority shall be bound to comply with such directions.
Explanation. - For the avoidance of doubts, it is hereby declared that the power to issue directions under this section includes the power to direct -
(a) the closure, prohibition or regulation of any industry, operation or process; or
(b) the stoppage or regulation of supply of electricity, water or any other service."
(Emphasis supplied by us)
20. Functions of the State Board have been stated in Section 17 of the Water Act. As per Clause 17(1)(l)(i) function of the State Board shall be to make, vary or revoke any order for prevention, control or abatement of discharges of waste into streams or wells. One of its functions is also to require any person concerned to construct new systems for the disposal of sewage and trade effluent or to modify, alter or extend any such existing system or to adopt such remedial measures as are necessary to prevent, control or abate water pollution [(17)(1)(l)(ii)]. It is under the said provision that HSPCB could have directed M/s Haryana Organics to install the new 12 RO/Nano filtration systems to ensure zero discharge of effluents. In "M.C. Mehta Vs. Union of India" (2004) 6 SCC 588 it is observed:
"Though the Government has power to give directions, that power should be used only to effectuate and further goals of the approved scheme, zonal plans, etc.; and the land vested under the Scheme or reserved under the plan should not be directed to be used for any other public purposes within the area envisaged thereunder. Public interest has to be understood and interpreted in the light of the entire scheme, purpose and object of the enactment."
21. The State Board has power to enter premises of the units and carry out inspection. As provided under Section 23 of the Water Act, the State Board has power to grant consent to operate on condition as it may impose. It may also refuse such consent for reasons to be recorded in writing. It appears that when consent to operate is granted, the State Board has to specify the conditions which the unit is required to comply with. It is only when the State Board decides to refuse such consent that there is duty cast to record reasons in writing. Under Section 27(2), the State Board has power to review any condition imposed under Section 25 or Section 26 by giving notice for making any reasonable variation of or revoking any such condition imposed while granting the consent to operate.
22. All the above referred provisions of the Water Act would indicate that the State Board has powers to impose additional conditions apart from the conditions which were imposed while 13 granting the consent to operate any industrial unit. It is further significant to note that under Section 30 of the Water Act, State Board has power to carry out certain works, if such work has not been executed by the person concerned within specified time, and recover the expenses from the person concerned as arrears on land revenue or of public demand. We may reproduce Section 30 for the purpose of ready reference in order to demonstrate the nature of powers available to State Board.
"Section 30 Power of State Board to carry out certain works. - (1) Where under this Act, any conditions have been imposed on any person while granting consent under section 25 or section 26 and such conditions require such person to execute any work in connection therewith and such work has not been executed within such time as may be specified in this behalf, the State Board may serve on the person concerned a notice requiring him within such time (not being less than thirty days) as may be specified in the notice to execute the work specified therein.
(2) If the person concerned fails to execute the work as required in the notice referred to in sub-section (1), then, after the expiration of the time specified in the said notice, the State Board may itself execute or cause to be executed such work.
(3) All expenses incurred by the State Board for the execution of the aforesaid work, together with interest, at such rate as the State Government may, by order, fix, from the date when a demand for the expenses is made until it is paid, may be 14 recovered by that Board from the person concerned, as arrears of land revenue, or of public demand."
So also, the State Board has power to make application to the court under Section 33 for restraining apprehended pollution of water in streams or wells. Thus, if there was any urgency to ensure installation of the RO/Nano filtration system, to ensure zero effluent discharge, there was no hurdle in the way of HSPCB to execute such work and recover the expenses from M/s Haryana Organics in accordance with the above provision.
23. If we read all the relevant provisions together with Section 33 - A of the Water Act, it is clear that State Board has power to issue any direction to secure performance of its functions under the Water Act. It is imperative that the directions to be issued by the State Board must have reasonable nexus with due performance of its functions under the Water Act. The Bank guarantee was obtained from M/s Haryana Organics in order to ensure due compliance of the directions to install RO/Nano filtration system for the purpose of securing zero discharge of the industrial effluents. In our opinion, the Bank Guarantee was sought to achieve particular purpose and if any deficiency was noticed by the HSPCB, till the removal of such deficiency, the Bank Guarantee could have been renewed by extending validity thereof.
24. In our opinion, the Bank guarantee or any part thereof could not be forfeited unilaterally without there being any specific term incorporated under any mutual agreement. We must not 15 overlook the very purpose of demanding Bank guarantee from any industrial unit, trading firm, contractor, etc. The sole purpose is to secure due compliance of the terms and conditions which are mutually agreed by the parties. In the present case, neither there was mutual agreement as such nor was any direction issued by the HSPCB to M/s Haryana Organics to ensure compliances in the exercise of power available under Section 30 of the Water Act. The direction was given by HSPCB to furnish the Bank Guarantee as per the guidelines issued by the three Member High Powered Committee nominated by the Apex Court. Under the circumstances, HSPCB had no legal authority, power and competence to forfeit any part of the Bank Guarantee furnished by M/s Haryana Organics.
25. For the sake of argument, we may assume that HSPCB had the power to give direction to forfeit Rs. 12.25 lacs out of Bank Guarantee amount of Rs. 50 lacs. Even so, such direction cannot be issued without following due procedure as contemplated under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1975. Rule 34 requires State Board to serve concerned person with a copy of the proposed direction and to give an opportunity of hearing. Section 34 may be reproduced in order to understand the procedure that is required to be followed by State Board before execution of the proposed direction.
"Section 34: Directions (1) Any direction issued under section 33-A shall be in writing. (2) Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 16 (3) The person, officer or authority to whom any direction is sought to be issued shall be served with a copy of the proposed direction and shall be given an opportunity of not less than fifteen days from the date of service of a notice to file with an officer designated in this behalf the objections, if any, to the issue of the proposed direction."
(emphasis supplied)
26. We find that HSPCB did not comply with the due procedure as envisaged in Rule 34 (3) of the Water Rules. For this reason too, the forfeiture of 25% of the Bank Guarantee furnished by M/s Haryana Organics was illegal and improper. We do not find any substantial internal contradiction between the observations of the Appellate Authority in paragraph (9) of the impugned order and the concluding paragraph thereof. We may state here that the Appellate Authority categorically held that forfeiture of Rs. 12.25 lacs was arbitrary and even demand of Bank Guarantee had no basis. The Appellate Authority held that demand for the Bank Guarantee was coercive, unjust and unreasonable. Still, however, the Appellate Authority made passing observation that the HSPCB may reconsider the matter in order to satisfy apprehension of M/s Haryana Organics about the basis and quantification of Bank Guarantee. However, it was further observed that if M/s Haryana Organics had any grievance about the forfeiture, it can again approach the Appellate Authority on that issue because imposition of the Bank Guarantee showed that the HSPBC had been very unkind to M/s Haryana Organics. The observations in paragraph (9) of the impugned order cannot be 17 branded as final finding of the Appellate Authority, though, the observations are unhappily worded.
27. The Appellate Authority took note of the fact that installation of RO/Nano filtration system was done by M/s Haryana Organics and as such the directions had been duly complied with. What appears from the record is that previously M/s Haryana Organics was using molasses as raw material for distillation of rectified spirit. The use of molasses was, however, discontinued at subsequent stage and the Distillery switched over to use of grains as raw material for production of rectified spirit. It is obvious that the pollution level was much controlled due to the change of the raw material. In this view of the matter, and particularly, after due installation of the RO/Nano filtration system by M/s Haryana Organics, the forfeiture was uncalled for.
28. Cumulative effect of the forgoing discussion is that the forfeiture of part of the Bank guarantee by HSPCB, was without any legal basis and arbitrary. We do not find, therefore, any merit in the present Appeal filed by the HSPCB. We do not, however, find it proper to impose any cost on the Appellant (HSPCB) in as much as M/s Haryana Organics had adopted dilly-dallying tactics and had not followed the time bound programme as per the directions of the HSPCB.
18
29. In the result, the Appeal is dismissed with no order as to costs.
............................................., JM (V. R. Kingaonkar) ............................................, EM (Dr. P. C. Mishra) ............................................, EM (P.S. Rao) ............................................, EM (B.S. Sajwan) 19


Alp of the Day — Summer 2015
Some hikes have little surprises waiting for you. Today's hike
included this 200' long suspension bridge over a deep ravine. This
one was particularly springy and the crosswind blowing up the ravine
added a bit of sway, which made for an interesting 5 minutes.
But the bridge was just the warm up for the individual narrow
metal steps down the 300' cliff face. Reminded me of the Nintendo
video game where you have to get Mario from floating platform to
floating platform, but without the extra lives. Maybe next time I'll
take a moment to translate the warning sign at the trailhead :)
Actually, this entry is more like "Berghaus (mountain inn) of
the day". The Swiss are good at tucking these inns into scenic
corners along the popular walking routes. They vary from
mountain huts with very simple fare to full-blown restaurants
like this one. In all cases the cheapest drink on the menu is
beer — the Swiss are clear on their priorities. The remote
huts are supplied by helicopter. This Berghaus has its own
little cable car for bringing up supplies from a cog railway
station far below. Open inns fly a Swiss flag — always a
welcome sight when you're starting to feel peckish!
On the slopes of Mt. Rigi looking down on the clouds and Lake
Lucern. Many opportunities on today's tromp through the high
meadows to commune with contented cows, who said to say "hi." Or
maybe it was "remember to clean your shoes."
We've moved on to Weggis, comfortably situated on the shores of
Lake Lucern. The lake is surrounded by forested hills, with a
couple of mountains thrown in for a hiking challenge. There's a
shady lakeside promenade that turns the commute to the boat dock
into a delightful stroll through this quiet community. A very
different vibe from our usual mountain villages.
Walking back to the hotel along the shores of Lake Lucern after
a yummy dinner of fried perch. Weggis became a tourist attraction
after Mark Twain wrote an account of a 3-day walk up Mt. Rigi, the
gentle giant of the neighborhood that sits benignly above the town.
Day off from hiking so visited the Aletsch glacier which flows
down the southern side of the Jungfrau massif. The view here is
from Bettmerhorn which we reached via two trains, a cable car,
and two gondola trips. This glacier is formed by the
convergence of three firns, the accumulation zone where snow is
slowly compacted in glacial ice. The edge moraines of each firm
form the medial moraines (black stripes in the middle of the
ice) that you see here. The ice moves downhill at an inch an
hour but melting has resulted in a steady retreat over the past
several centuries. No big signs predicting the imminent demise
of this glacier though — it's over 3000' thick at its thickest
point.
Many times we gain access to the high meadows via trails that
climb up the steep valleys cut by the streams that carry the snow
melt and runoff from the glaciers. Here we're walking down from
Trift, a mountain hotel that services ice climbers tackling the
glaciers we passed earlier in the day. You can just make out the
Gornergrat on the top of the distant ridge, a tourist destination
that overlooks a spectacular collection of glaciers on the far
side. Sadly, glaciers are a sight that might be gone in a couple
of generations.
And here's the most famous alp view of all: the Matterhorn,
dominating the skyline above Zermatt, which you can see in the
valley below. Actually the word "alp" refers to the high mountain
meadows where the cows spend the summer grazing. Not many cows in
the Matter valley though — probably crowded out by the tourists
:). But a hiking trail headed up quickly thins the crowd to the
intrepid few.
This is the view from our balcony looking toward the Breithorn,
the snow-covered peak in the distance. The hotel is high above
tourist-filled Zermatt at the first stop of a gondola system that
reaches up to the winter ski areas nestled under the
Matterhorn. The cool mountain air is a pleasant relief from the
muggy lowlands we passed through today as we traveled to Zermatt.
View down into the Lauterbrunnen valley as I leave Wengen on the
train, headed to Zurich to meet Debbie. This is a classic U-shaped
valley carved by glaciers. The sides are sheer cliffs up to 2700'
high, perfect for BASE jumping or paragliding. Time to order my
wing suit!
It's hard to look noble with a pigeon on one's head...
Wengen, the town where we're staying, is visible on the plateau
across the valley. The snow-covered peaks beyond are "the top of
Europe": left to right in the center are the Eiger, Monch, and
Jungfrau. We've hiked up to the Lobhornhutte, which wins the
award for the mountain hut with the best view. Note the Nepalese
prayer flags on the right — they were collecting donations for
earthquake relief in Nepal, one mountain community to another.
The Schreckhorn (yup, that's its name) reflected in the
Bachalpsee. Even at 8500' it was a warm day — should'a jumped
in!


Hi I am Kavodel! I am an adventurous, life learner who engages in creative and problem solving endeavors. Ever since my humble beginnings, I have always had a knack for taking things apart and putting it back together with a twist of improvement. My creative curiosity led me to technology where I can contribute in an impactful way using my full stack to pay close attention to detail while having a bird's eye view perspective. Due to my detail orientation and organization, I am keen on crafting clean code to produce beautifully designed web, desk, and mobile applications. My goal is to create efficient solutions to enhance the quality of users experiences.


SUPPORT REQUEST
Have you read our FAQs? It might have answer to your question!
For any custom requirements, Technical Support or any other queries, Please contact our support team at -<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Alternate Way!
We are active on all of the community platform below to answer your questions as soon as possible
Stack Overflow
Ask your questions in stackoverflow and tag 'mesibo'.
GitHub
Report bugs, feature requests and any other issue on GitHub.
Quora
Gain and Share knowledge about Mesibo on Quora.


--- title: Title keywords: fastai sidebar: home_sidebar ---
First of all, let us get all the data that we need. Through the magic of nbdev
, we will use the functionality we defined in 01_gettin_started
from birdcall.data import *
len(train_ds), len(valid_ds)
from fastai2.vision.all import *
BS = 128
dls = DataLoaders(
DataLoader(dataset=train_ds, bs=BS, num_workers=NUM_WORKERS, shuffle=True),
DataLoader(dataset=valid_ds, bs=BS, num_workers=NUM_WORKERS)
).cuda()
b = dls.train.one_batch()
b[0].shape, b[1].shape
b[0].mean(), b[0].std()
We need some sort of architecture to get started - the one adapted from this paper seems like a good place to start. Bear in mind though that it was designed with considering the entire recording and with environment classification in mind - it's performance on a task like that at hand might be subpaar. Revisiting the architecture at a later time might be a good idea.
get_arch = lambda: nn.Sequential(*[
Lambda(lambda x: x.unsqueeze(1)),
ConvLayer(1, 16, ks=64, stride=2, ndim=1),
ConvLayer(16, 16, ks=8, stride=8, ndim=1),
ConvLayer(16, 32, ks=32, stride=2, ndim=1),
ConvLayer(32, 32, ks=8, stride=8, ndim=1),
ConvLayer(32, 64, ks=16, stride=2, ndim=1),
ConvLayer(64, 128, ks=8, stride=2, ndim=1),
ConvLayer(128, 256, ks=4, stride=2, ndim=1),
ConvLayer(256, 256, ks=4, stride=4, ndim=1),
Flatten(),
LinBnDrop(5120, 512, p=0.25, act=nn.ReLU()),
LinBnDrop(512, 512, p=0.25, act=nn.ReLU()),
LinBnDrop(512, 256, p=0.25, act=nn.ReLU()),
LinBnDrop(256, len(classes)),
nn.Sigmoid()
])
A couple of functions to help us calculate metrics for diagnostics
learn = Learner(
dls,
get_arch(),
metrics=[AccumMetric(precision), AccumMetric(recall), AccumMetric(f1)],
loss_func=BCELossFlat()
)
learn.fit(30, 1e-3)
This doesn't look great! Maybe we have a bug somewhere in the training, maybe our code for caclulating metrics is bugged. It might also be that it will be very hard to learn from raw audio or that our architecture and the task are mismatched.
I would guess the issue lies somwhere between training on raw audio and the architecture choice. Nonetheless, this will not stop us! The first order of business is to create an end to end pipeline, all the way to successful submission. Once we have this in place, we will be in a good position to start fiddling with making improvements.
mkdir data/models
torch.save(learn.model.state_dict(), 'data/models/first_model.pth')


If you are applying for a full-time undergraduate bachelor’s course you will need to make an online application through UCAS. Applications to UCAS are made online using their web-based Tracker System via ‘Apply’
On your UCAS application you need to include the institution code for the university to which you wish to apply. The institution code for University Centre Peterborough is P56. Application forms, accompanied by the registration fee, should be returned by UCAS deadlines http://www.ucas.com/apply/key-dates.
Applications begin 1st September and the 1st deadline is 15 January in the year before the programme commences, although it is possible to apply later than this if courses still have vacancies. Anyone applying after the 30 June by 18:00 will be automatically entered into ‘Clearing’. Clearing takes place after the publication of the A Level results in August when universities will have a clearer picture of how many offers have been accepted and therefore how many vacancies they may have.
If you are applying for a part-time course you can download a paper application form below. Please fill out and return to: University Centre Peterborough, Park Crescent Campus, Peterborough, PE1 4DZ or via email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>EU students applying for a full-time undergraduate course at University Centre Peterborough in the 2020/21 academic year will continue to have access to student loans and grants, even if the course concludes after the UK’s exit from the EU.
University Centre Peterborough are not accepting applications from International students for courses requiring a Tier 4 visa for the 2020/21 academic year.


NB Gardens is a long-standing company with a great reputation for customer service and quality products.
Find a product you like? Add it to your wishlist so that its easier to find when your filling out your next order!
NB Gardens were one of the first companies to sell products through a catalogue. We have been doing it ever since. Over this time we have built up a loyal customer base and sold millions of products. We hope that you will help us continue our long standing and mutually beneficial relationship with our customers.
Put simply we have two core values. We have a commitment to providing great customer service and allowing customers to return products, without any questions asked.


{% extends "application/layout.html" %} {% block page_title %}{{ serviceName }} - Start{% endblock %} {% block c_content %}
Back
You should still answer yes if you were enrolled but were on study or temporary leave.
Please include if you know the number for your tutor
For example, 30 9 2014


Bridges between the Virtual Data Language (VDL) and Java data structures.
Package Specification
This set of related classes represents the Virtual Data Language (VDL)
datastructure inside Java classes. The minimum standard interface is
expressed in {@link org.griphyn.vdl.Chimera}, and further refined for
grouping purposes in the {@link org.griphyn.vdl.classes.VDL} parent.
Most of the classes have their counterparts in the XML schema definition
for VDLx, the XML variant of VDL. All classes contain knowledge to
convert their state back into VDLt and VDLx.
Related Documentation
For overviews, tutorials, examples, guides, and tool documentation,
please see:


FileApp the iPhone & iPad File Manager
FileApp is a portable file system that lets you store, view and manage files on the go.
- Read PDF, Word, Excel, PowerPoint and iWork docs
- Play music and videos
- Manage and edit photos
- Annotate PDF and edit text files
- Send and manage Email attachments
- Copy, move, rename, zip files and folders
- And more...


--- layout: default ---
I am a Back-End Engineer, Educator, Musician, and Gamer. I like to solve problems, communicate, create, and compete.
I attended the University of Maryland, where I earned a B.A. in English and an M. Ed. in English Education. After graduating, I taught as a public educator for 2 years, working to better the future by equipping young minds.
I entered The Iron Yard's Ruby on Rails Back-End Engineering course in Durham, NC on September 12th, 2016. For twelve weeks, I struggled, failed, and grew on a daily basis. The lessons I learned were hard-earned, but more than worth their costs. The experience was life-changing, and I am grateful that The Iron Yard taught me so much.
For our capstone project, my team created CodeKarma, a platform that promotes technological altruism. Our communication, patience, and persistence enabled us to overcome the many obstacles in our project. Completing CodeKarma taught me the efficiency, potency, and and joy of working with a dynamic, passionate team.
Currently, I am searching for new opportunities to continue honing and applying my software development skills. If you have any information you would like to share, please contact me using one of the provided links! For more about me, feel free to review my resume, Github, and LinkedIn.


Friendly, local and affordable painting and decorating service for the Frome area by Martin Cox!
Find Out MorePerfect paint jobs even around the 'fiddly bits'.
I can be round in a flash for quotations and work.
The best and latest materials and paints are used to ensure a beautiful, durable finish.

Whether it is just one room, a whole home or some old windows in need of TLC, we can accomodate all painting and decorating work! Just get in touch to arrange a quote.
Lets get painting!These wooden window frames were tired and in need of attention.
By tidying them up they have a new lease of life, look great and will last longer.
I love Frome and have lived here for most of my life. I have always been passionate about painting and decorating and in the last few years I have turned that passion into a business.
Lets get painting!Ready to start your next project with us? That's great! Give us a call or send us an email and we will get back to you as soon as possible!


--- title: "Using the COVID-19 Symptom Survey to Track Vaccination Uptake and Sentiment in the United States" author: "Alex Reinhart, Esther Kim, Andy Garcia, Sarah LaRocca" date: 2021-01-28 tags: - COVIDcast - R - symptom surveys - vaccine authors: - alex - ekim - agarcia - slarocca heroImage: blog-lg-vaccine-survey.jpg heroImageThumb: blog-thumb-vaccine-survey.jpg related: - 2020-12-10-masks-public - 2020-10-06-survey-wave-4 - 2020-08-26-fb-survey summary: | Data from the Symptom Survey reveal how COVID-19 vaccinations are rolling out across the nation. acknowledgements: | Facebook's team, including Kelsey Mulcahy, Katherine Morris, Leanna Morinishi, Kris Barkume, Sid Palani, and Patrick Xu, assisted with the analysis and writing of this post. At Carnegie Mellon, Wichada La Motte-Kerr assisted in the development and deployment of many of these survey questions. output: blogdown::html_page: toc: true ---
The COVID-19 Symptom Survey, which is conducted by the Delphi Group in partnership with Facebook Data for Good, is one of the largest COVID-19 data collection efforts in the United States. To date, over 16 million responses have been collected since its launch in April 2020. Using the Symptom Survey, we have been able to track and inform trends on {{< reflink "2020-09-21-forecast-demo" "daily symptoms" >}}, {{< reflink "2020-10-06-survey-wave-4" "testing" >}}, {{< reflink "2020-12-10-masks-public" "mask-wearing" >}}, social distancing, mental health, and more across the U.S. Check out our {{< reflink "survey-results" "dashboard" >}} to see how our data can support your community needs and check out the international version conducted internationally in 200+ countries and territories in 55+ languages by our partner, the University of Maryland.
We encourage researchers, public health officials, and the public to use the survey data and tools available. Public, aggregate data is available through {{< apireflink "symptom-survey/" "Carnegie Mellon University’s API" >}} for the US and through University of Maryland’s API for the global survey. Microdata is also available upon request to academic and nonprofit researchers under data usage agreements to protect the confidentiality of responses.
In support of the COVID-19 vaccination campaigns that are currently underway across the country, we collaborated with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to incorporate several vaccine surveillance questions that enable our survey to track vaccination uptake and measure vaccine-related sentiments as the states plan and progress through the different phases of the federal priority criteria and their own vaccination programs. We aimed to address the following critical public health topics:
How many people are vaccinated? Of those who are vaccinated, how many received the complete set of doses?
How many people are hesitant about getting vaccinated? Why? How many are worried about experiencing a side effect?
Are there barriers to accessing either vaccinations or information about vaccinations?
Would people be more likely to get vaccinated if it were recommended to them by certain information sources?
How do the responses to these questions vary by sociodemographic status such as occupation, age, gender, and race or ethnicity? How do these vary by clinical risk factors?
Though a few of these questions are not yet incorporated into our survey, the Symptom Survey now includes daily responses that can be used to answer many of these questions. The other items will be incorporated soon, so stay tuned and check back here!
As COVID-19 vaccination programs ramp up across the country, we can use data from the Symptom Survey to estimate percentages of individuals who report having been vaccinated. We used 300,000 survey responses received between January 9th and January 15th to calculate the percentage of respondents in each state who say they have received a COVID-19 vaccination, shown below:
The map suggests that the estimated proportion of individuals vaccinated is highest in some states in the midwestern, southern, and northeastern regions, which is a similar pattern to what is shown in CDC vaccine dose administration data. Alaska and West Virginia also stand out with some of the highest per capita self-reported vaccination rates.
This signal may differ from CDC data on vaccine administration across the U.S. because of survey biases combined with lag in official reporting and should not be treated as authoritative. We will continue to assess these biases as we collect more data. To establish confidence in the insights from the survey, we conducted a simple correlation analysis between the most recently available survey data and the official CDC vaccine data. We found a correlation of 0.83 between the survey’s self-reported vaccine uptake and the CDC’s reported number of people with 1+ doses per 100K. This gives confidence that the survey aligns with official data and that the unique, granular insights showcased match reality.
One of the unique values of our survey is that we are able to further break down the percentages by population subgroups, such as various race and ethnicity groups, which is important for policymakers to consider given the health and vaccination disparities that exist by race and ethnicity. In the figures below, we illustrate how self-reported vaccination rates vary by racial and ethnic groups.
There seems to be a large variation in self-reported vaccination by race and ethnicity: We observe the highest rates among Asians and American Indians or Alaska Natives, and the lowest rates among the Black or African American group. The high uptake among American Indians or Alaska Natives is particularly noteworthy, as it corroborates the efficient widespread vaccination rollouts by the Indian Health Service.
We are also able to further examine disparities across the states in our data. Below, we illustrate how self-reported vaccination rates for Black individuals compare to White individuals:
While we are not currently able to make comparisons for all states due to a small sample size of Black respondents in several states that prevents aggregate reporting, we observe that for most of the remaining states, the estimated percentages of vaccinations are lower among Black adults compared to White adults, with most states showing a relative ratio less than 1, meaning a lower likelihood of self-reported vaccinations among Black adults compared to White adults. As we make comparisons using these data, we should acknowledge that vaccinations are currently being prioritized among healthcare workers and older individuals, so the trends that we observe today may not necessarily be what we observe once vaccinations reach other population groups.
State and local health authorities are currently allocating the COVID vaccine first to certain priority groups, taking into consideration recommendations by the CDC and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. For most states, the priority groups currently include healthcare workers and those over age 65 or 75.
Using survey responses from early January, we used the Symptom Survey to examine estimated vaccination rates among healthcare workers and people age 65 and older. For several months, the survey has been asking a few questions related to occupation, so we classified respondents as healthcare workers if they indicated that their job can be categorized as either “healthcare practitioner or technician” or “healthcare support”. (This includes, doctors, nurses, pharmacists, dentists, technicians, and many related fields.) Below, we depict 1) self-reported vaccination rates among the priority groups, 2) differences in the percentages by gender, and 3) differences in the percentages by race and ethnicity groups.
Self-reported vaccination rates are higher among healthcare workers than among individuals aged 65+ years, which is reasonable given that they were the first group to be given priority. When comparing by gender, the proportions are slightly higher for men compared to women, and this difference is more prominent among healthcare workers.
We also notice a consistent trend in self-reported vaccination rates when broken down by race and ethnicity: the rate among the Black or African American group is consistently lower than other groups such as White and Asian. This is consistent with research on health disparities during the COVID pandemic and many years of disparities long before it, highlighting the importance of actions to reduce disparity in healthcare and access.
(Note that when a race and ethnicity group is missing in the figures, it does not necessarily indicate the absence of the group among our respondents; it is more likely that there are too few responses among that group for aggregated reporting in a given area.)
There are still many who have not yet received a vaccination in the U.S., including among priority groups. This raises the question: of those not yet vaccinated, how many are willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccination? We mapped the estimated proportion of vaccine acceptance, which is defined here as definitely or probably choosing to receive a COVID-19 vaccination if it were offered to them today.
We find that in most states, the majority of people are vaccine-accepting, and that the highest acceptance rates are observed in states in the western, midwestern, and northeastern regions (see figure below). While researchers are not yet certain about the proportion of the population that should be vaccinated to reach herd immunity against COVID-19, our data on vaccine acceptance and uptake still provide valuable insights into where and who we can better target to improve vaccine-related sentiments.
Similar to what we have observed with self-reported vaccination rates, our data depict a wide range of vaccine acceptance by race and ethnicity groups (shown below). This disparity is similar to what has been seen previously for other vaccines, and is likely the result of many factors: in particular, in the United States, minority groups are less likely to have affordable access to healthcare, and decades of discriminatory treatment have reduced their trust in medicine.
Our new survey data shows not only the prevalence of self-reported vaccination uptake and acceptance, but also how we may be able to improve vaccination-related messaging. One of the questions that we ask on our survey is, “Would you be more or less likely to get a COVID-19 vaccination if it were recommended to you by each of the following? Friends or family, local healthcare providers, World Health Organization (WHO), politicians, or government health officials” (adapted from the MIT COVID-19 Survey).
With this information, we are able to examine which of the five sources of information may be trusted more by individuals who have not yet reported getting vaccinated. Below, we break down the responses by two groups of respondents: those who are vaccine-accepting (i.e., indicated that they are definitely or probably choosing to get vaccinated) and those who are vaccine-hesitant (i.e., indicated that they are definitely not or probably not choosing to get vaccinated).
Interestingly, but perhaps not surprisingly, there seems to be a large difference in responses between the vaccine-accepting and vaccine-hesitant groups. We find that among individuals who have not yet been vaccinated (self-reported), those who are vaccine-hesitant are much less likely to get vaccinated based on recommendations in general compared to the vaccine-accepting group.
Among those who are vaccine-accepting, they are more likely to get vaccinated if the recommendations come from more authoritative sources like the World Health Organization (WHO), local healthcare workers, or government health officials. Those who are vaccine-hesitant are less likely to report that they would get vaccinated in general; however, they also seem to trust their local healthcare workers the most as a vaccine-related information source. Interestingly, this group is also more likely to take recommendations from friends or family members than from the WHO or government health officials. Taken together, our results can be used to inform how policymakers and health organizations should leverage various information sources in future messaging campaigns to potentially increase vaccine acceptance and ultimately, vaccine uptake.
To improve and sustain high vaccination rates, it will also be critical to understand potential barriers to uptake or reasons for vaccine hesitancy. One major barrier may be concerns related to side effects, and we can track the percentages of those who may be concerned about side effects using one of our newly-added questions: “How concerned are you that you would experience a side effect from a COVID-19 vaccination?”
When we examine the state-level estimated percentages (shown in the figure below), we find that the proportion of those who are very or somewhat worried about side effects vary from 30% to 50% in the U.S., and we observe the highest rates concentrated in the South.
Based on our earlier results demonstrating differences in vaccination rates and acceptance by race and ethnicity, we also illustrate below how concerns about side effects compare between Black and White adults.
In all of the states with adequate survey sample sizes for both Black and White respondents, we find that Black individuals are consistently more likely to worry about experiencing a side effect compared to White individuals, as indicated by relative ratios that are greater than 1 (meaning a higher likelihood of worrying about a side effect). In fact, in some states, this ratio reaches 2, which means that Black adults are twice as likely to worry about experiencing a side effect compared to White adults When we further break down this comparison by vaccine acceptance/hesitancy (see the figure below), we find that Black individuals are always more likely to be concerned about experiencing side effects compared to White individuals, regardless of being vaccine-accepting or vaccine-hesitant. Future research is warranted to better understand how we can address these concerns in various subpopulation groups and if addressing concerns related to side effects can lead to higher vaccination rates.
In this post, we provided an introduction and an overview of the vaccination-related data that are available in the COVID Symptom Survey and how we can use the data to answer important public health questions related to vaccinations. There are, however, many more questions that you can help answer. For example, how do self-reported vaccinations and vaccination-related sentiments change over time? How do these change in response to guidelines and public health interventions? Is vaccine hesitancy associated with other behavioral measures or social activities? How is your local community responding to all of the vaccination-related efforts? You can answer all of these and more by analyzing these data!
To get started, check out our {{< reflink "/covidcast" "interactive map" >}} and {{< reflink "survey-results" "survey dashboard" >}} to play with the data. Then dive into our {{< apireflink "/symptom-survey/" "documentation" >}} on the COVID Symptom Survey. {{< apireflink "/api/covidcast-signals/fb-survey.html" "County and state-level aggregates" >}} are available publicly through the Delphi Group’s {{< apireflink "/api/covidcast.html" "COVIDcast API" >}}. In the coming weeks we plan to release additional aggregates, including many of the demographic breakdowns you’ve seen above, as data files for public research use. (These will only contain aggregated data, not individual survey responses.) Academic and non-profit researchers can also {{< apireflink "/symptom-survey/data-access.html" "request access to the microdata" >}}.
For those interested, you can also read about the international Symptom Survey, which is conducted by our partner the University of Maryland in over 200 countries and territories worldwide.
This survey was designed with privacy in mind from the start. Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Maryland do not share individual survey responses with Facebook, and while Facebook recruits participants to the survey, participants can’t be linked back to their Facebook profiles. When non-aggregated survey data is shared with eligible academic and nonprofit institutions, Facebook shares a single statistic known as a weight value, which doesn’t identify a person but helps researchers correct for any sample bias. This helps ensure that the survey sample more accurately reflects the characteristics of the population represented in the data.


Is a solution for everyone who is learning a language and wants to practice and develop their speaking skills. The app doesn't just stop there, at some point in life we are all required to do a public speach or a presentation, it is a most common of fears for all. "Corri" will also benefit people who want to improve their public speaking skills.
read more
There are many ways to learn a language, but one thing is clear you will make a quicker progress if you practice speak it a lot. The most traditional ways to do it is to find a teacher, native speaker or a friend who will join you on your language adventure. Or if you can not find anyone to speak back to you – talk to yourself!
You can find hundreds of polyglots advises on the www, but many of us will sarcastically comment them - “easier to say than do”!
The reason why we came up with this idea is because we realised that learning a language without a teacher is more than challenging and most students fail when they need to start talking to real people. Why? Because most of the apps and websites use one-way communication: they present some content to the user but the user has no opportunity to talk to the product and get real feedback on pronunciation or verbal grammar mistakes. Until now…Today we introduce you to Corri.
By using latest technologies such as ADOBE VOCO “Corri” will actually require you to speak and will speak back to you. Integrated AI will help you learn and improve your verbal skills. Speech recognition technologies will analyze mistakes and correct with grammatically correct words with a proper pronunciation. “Corri” will help prepare speeches and presentations, moreover it can be used as a translator which is a very important feature.
It will be your own personal teacher in a pocket.
Corri is an app that helps learning a new language easier than ever before. The app is designed for mobile devices and focuses on the two-way communication with the user. The built in Artificial Intelligence makes it possible to analyze and correct the users grammar and pronounciation. Navigate easily with voice commands and discover other functionalities such as online dictionary, voice recording and synonym suggestions.
Who will use it
Personas and scenarios
Most visited web pages:
| Age: | |
| Occupation: | |
| Education: | |
| Nationality: | |
| Living: | |
| Hobby: |
Admired Brands:
Goals:
Attitude/Skills:
Concerns:
Persona Scenario
your personal teacher in your pocket
Use Case Diagrams
Actors
Description
Preconditions
Basic Flow
Alternate Flow
Corri structure map
wireframes showcase
click arrows or images behind the mobile to navigate


{% load i18n %}
{% blocktrans with username=user.username %}Hi {{ username }},{% endblocktrans %} {% blocktrans %}Someone with the IP {{ ip }} asked to reset your password. If this is something you were expecting to see, then please click the link below to proceed with setting a new password.{% endblocktrans %} {{ link }} {% blocktrans %}If you did not ask for your password to be reset, please reply to this email and let us know.{% endblocktrans %} {% blocktrans %}Best regards, The SpongePowered Team{% endblocktrans %}


Reports: Arsenal Contact Emery's Replacement
by SL InternationalWith the pressure mounting on Arsenal manager Unai Emery, the North London club have reportedly contacted a possible replacement.
Read: Emery Responds To Rumours Mourinho Could Replace Him
The Gunners had another disappointing away day after suffering a 2-0 loss to Leicester City at the King Power Stadium on Saturday evening.
Former Manchester United manager Jose Mourinho has been linked as a possible replacement, but reports in Spain claim Arsenal chief Raul Sanllehi has made contact Former FC Barcelona tactician Luis Enrique.
Following the poor the run off form recently, El Confidencial reported that Sanllehi has drawn up a list of possible replacements but has been in contact with Enrique.
Enrique has been out of work since resigning as head coach Spain in June this year for personal reasons.
However, Emery refused to believe that his position is under threat as the club extended their winless run to five matches across all competitions.
"For me, as a coach, it's about continuing stronger and improving with our players," he said.
"I am speaking with the club to stay calm and to stay patient to improve and recover some confidence with some circumstances.
"We are receiving criticism but I know that's my job. I've had lots of moments like that but I've recovered by working to get confidence, being together with the club and players.
"I accept all (of the criticism). I accept the applause and I accept it when they criticise us. I know when we win, they are going to be happy and when we lose, they are going to be sad. It's normal.
"We need to stay calm and also keep improving things. Today we got one step ahead by being together and being strong defensively. But we lost because we were playing a very strong team in a good moment."


Arrivals
add
Airline
Flight No.
Origin
Destination
Gate
ETA
Departures
add
Airline
Flight No.
Origin
Destination
Gate
ETD
Transit
add
Airline
Flight No.
Origin
Destination
Gate
Airlines
add
Airline ID
Airline name
Contact
Passengers
add
SSID
Passenger name
Flight No.
Flag


Welcome to my webpage!
Here you can learn more about me, read my CV, look at my portfolio, or connect with me.


Before Change
values = [x.getvalue() for x in buffers]
if six.PY3:
values = [
values[0].encode("ascii"),
values[1].encode("ascii"),
values[2]]
// Remove comments from the output. This includes things that
// could change from run to run, such as the time.
values = [re.sub(b"%%.*?\n", b"", x) for x in values]
assert values[0] == values[1]
assert values[1] == values[2].replace(b"\r\n", b"\n")
After Change
fig.savefig(b_buf, format=format)
s_val = s_buf.getvalue().encode("ascii")
b_val = b_buf.getvalue()
// Remove comments from the output. This includes things that could
// change from run to run, such as the time.
s_val, b_val = [re.sub(b"%%.*?\n", b"", x) for x in [s_val, b_val]]


UserSvc
Main
This is the resource service for users
$resource
Returns the currently logged user.
the Resource containing the current user data


Thanks to use BeatPicker
You can see online demos here.Download latest version here.Browsers support and infos here
Dependencies:
- jQuery 1.8.x.js+
- BeatPicker.js
- BeatPicker.css
How to use BeatPicker
first include:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/BeatPicker.css"/>
<script src="js/jquery-2.1.0.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/BeatPicker.js"></script>
You have two options to create BeatPicker:
<input type="text" data-beatpicker="true">
Programmatically syntax using new operator:
var options = {dateInputNode:$(".my-input")}
var instance = new BeatPicker(options)
You can use declarative syntax to get rid of coding javascript to initiate your picker all of options available for declrative syntax list below:
Get instance of date picker:
if you define an id for your date picker this id will bind to global window object and you can access your picker if not BeatPicker will allocate an unique id for instantiated date pickers
and add an attribute to date input node to specify its id
<input type="text" data-beatpicker="true" data-beatpicker-id="myDatePicker"/>
now you have a global reference to your picker using myDatePicker
Position:
You can apply
position options using this format.
<input type="text" data-beatpicker="true" data-beatpicker-position="['right','bottom']">
Disabling rule:
You can apply
disabling rules using this format.multiple rule using comma separated object pass.
<input type="text" data-beatpicker="true" data-beatpicker-disable="{from:[2014 , 2 , 2],to:[2014 , 3 , 7]},{from:[2014 , 5 , 3],to:[2014 , 7 , 4]}">
Range:
To enable range mode you just have to pass a true to 'data-beatpicker-range' if you want
range disable selection to available using comma and pass another true
<input type="text" data-beatpicker="true" data-beatpicker-range="true,true">
Disabling rule:
You can apply
disabling rules using this format.
<input type="text" data-beatpicker="true" data-beatpicker-disable="{from:[2014 , 2 , 2],to:[2014 , 3 , 7]},{from:[2014 , 5 , 3],to:[2014 , 7 , 4]}"]">
Disabling module:
You can disable module listed
here using comma separated props.everything you mentioned in this data api will be disable.
<input type="text" data-beatpicker="true" data-beatpicker-module="today,clear" />
Objective options
After all if you need any options that is not available in declarative syntax you can create a global object and pass it to BeatPicker like this.
Javascript
customOptions = {
labels: {
today: "Tod",
gotoDateInput: "Insert your date",
gotoDateButton: "Set",
clearButton: "Wipe"
}
}
Markup
<input type="text" data-beatpicker="true" data-beatpicker-position="['*','*']" data-beatpicker-extra="customOptions"/>
Options in BeatPicker categorized and decoupled from main stream for related topics like :'view,selectionRule,modules,...'
You can create an object that represent your options and pass it to BeatPicker constructor first argument.like:
var options = {
view : {
position:['*','*']
},
disablingRule : [ {from:[2014,1,1] , to :[2014,2,2]} , {from:'*' , to :['*',2,'*']} ]
}
var myInstance = new BeatPicker(options);
Mixed
HTML element|jQuery object
Null
Date input html element to binding date picker on it.
Array
jQuery object
Null
When date picker getting initiated this property is a reference to jQuery object of beatpicker main html node.
Array
Primitive array
["Su" , "Mo" , "Tu" , "We" , "Th" , "Fr" , "Sa"]
Brief days of the week alias using in date picker.
Array
Primitive array
[]
Full days of the week alias using in date picker.
Array
Primitive array
["Jan" , "Feb" , "Mar" , "Apr" , "May" , "Jun" , "Jul" , "Aug" , "Sep" , "Oct" , "Nov" ,
"Dec"]
Brief months of the year alias using in date picker.
Array
Primitive array
["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September",
"October", "November", "December"]
Full months of the year alias using in date picker.
Mixed
Array|
String|
Object
Now system time base local GMT
- Array:Simple array like : [2014 , 12 , 30]
- String:Simple array like : [2014 , 12 , 30]
- Object:Correspond javascript Date object
Object
Date Object
Exactly equal to startDate
All of date changing in date picker is based on this property and it represent current state of date in
date picker.
Every time you seek around date picker and change date this property will set to correspond date.
String
Primitive string
-
A string that separate date format you can use any separator that you feel its satisfy your needs like : - , / , SEP , ...
Object
BeatPicker object
modules: {
header: true,
footer: true,
daysOfTheWeek: true,
navBar: true,
today: true,
gotoDate: true,
icon: true,
clear: true
}
An object that define enable modules using in date picker.
Boolean
Primitive boolean
true
A module that represent alias of days in a week.
Boolean
Primitive boolean
true
Date picker take advantage of navbar to change current date and switch to other unity like : days,months,years.
when you change date using navbar components it aware you with 'change' event if you registered on it.also it
set currentDate property to current changed date
Boolean
Primitive boolean
true
A button that go to current date of system.
Boolean
Primitive boolean
true
A module that take string input and change the currentDate in following rules:
- Only year inserted(eg:1999,2001,201,1,...):view of date picker will change to 'years' mode.date will set to inserted year.date picker will update with years view
- Only year and month inserted(eg:1999/2,2001/5,201/1,1/9,...):view of date picker will change to 'months' mode.date will set to inserted year and month.date picker will update with months view
- year,month and day inserted (eg:1999/3/1,2001/6/27,201/4/2,1/1/1,...):view of date picker will change to 'days' mode.date will set to inserted year , month and days.date picker will update with days view
Boolean
Primitive boolean
true
Icon inside date inputs.
Boolean
Primitive boolean
true
Clear selected date both in range and single mode also fire 'clear' event.
Object
BeatPicker object
selectionRule: {
single: true,
range: false,
rangeDisableSelect: false
}
An object that define a selection rule switch between single and range mode.
Boolean
Primitive boolean
true
Initiate BeatPicker in single date input mode it has inverse relation with range property.
Boolean
Primitive boolean
true
Initiate BeatPicker in rang date input mode it has inverse relation with single property.
If this property set to 'true' another input will generate and append across default input to represent from date input.
Boolean
Primitive boolean
false
By default if you want select between some range and on that range you defined a disable rule that make at least one date to getting disable
this range cannot be apply to input eg:
Assume : from : 2014-01-02 , to:2014-01-04 is disable
from:2014-01-01 , to:2014-01-07
is invalid range because of applied disabling rule.you can override this behaviour by set this field to true.
Object
BeatPicker object
view: {
display: "days",
alwaysVisible: false,
position: ["bottom" , "left"],
showOn: "click",
hideOn: "click",
isInputIsReadonly: true,
iconImage: "data:image/jpeg;base64,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"
}
Using this object to control view of date picker.
String
Primitive string
"days"
By default first view of date picker set to days.you can change this behaviour using following options:
Options
Boolean
Primitive boolean
false
Showing date picker always or not
Array
String | Integer
["bottom" , "left"]
Position date picker relative to date input.you can use following options to position as your desire:
Options:
Note:'*' means auto
["top" , "left"]
["top" , "middle"]
["top" , "right"]
["right" , "top"]
["right" , "middle"]
["right" , "bottom"]
["bottom" , "right"]
["bottom" , "middle"]
["bottom" , "left"]
["left" , "bottom"]
["left" , "middle"]
["left" , "top"]
["top" , "*"]// * means auto
["right" , "*"]
["bottom" , "*"]
["left" , "*"]
["*" , "*"]//auto position
[Number , Number]//[x,y]relative to top left corner of the date input
String
Primitive string
'click'
Show date picker on this event.
String
Primitive string
'click'
hide date picker on this event of document.
Boolean
Primitive boolean
true
Is date input have to be read only or note?
String
Base64 encoded image data | Image src
pass a base64 encoded image data or src of image to insert your desire icon inside of date input
Object
BeatPicker object
labels: {
today: "Today",
gotoDateInput: "YYYY/MM/DD",
gotoDateButton: "GO",
clearButton: "Clear"
}
Labels used around date picker.
String
Primitive string
'Today'
Today button label.
String
Primitive string
'YYYY/MM/DD'
Placeholder of gotoDate module.
String
Primitive string
'GO'
Button label of gotoDate module.
String
Primitive string
'Clear'
Clear button label
Array
Object
[]
Useful option for disabling specific range.you can use following options to satisfy your needs (all option explained as example):
Options:
Note: date format of array is : 'YYYY,MM,DD'
-
From date to date disable:
[{from:[2014,1,1],to:[2014,2,4]}]
-
Disable any date after specific date:
[{from:[2014,1,1],to:'>'}]
-
Disable any date before specific date:
[{from:[2014,1,1],to:'<'}]
-
Disable any days of the specific month from specific date
[{from:[2014,1,1],to:[2014,2,'*']}]
-
Disable any days of specific month of any year from specific date
[{from:[2014,1,1],to:['*',2,'*']}]
-
Disable specific day of specific month of any year from specific date
[{from:[2014,1,1],to:['*' , 2 , 2]}]
-
Disable any day of any month of specific year from specific date
[{from:[2014,1,1],to:[2014 , '*' , '*']}]
-
Disable any day of any month of specific year from specific date
[{from:[2014,1,1],to:[2014 , '*' , '*']}]
-
Disable any day of specific month of any year from any date
[{from:'*',to:['*' , 2 , '*']}]
-
Disable specific day of any month of any year from any date
[{from:'*',to:['*' , '*' , 2]}]
-
Disable specific day of any month of any year from any date
[{from:'*',to:['*' , '*' , 2]}]
-
Disable specific day of specific month of any year from any date
[{from:'*',to:['*' , 2 , 2]}]
-
Multiple disabling rules
[{from:[2014 , 2 , 2],to:[2014 , 3 , 7]},{from:[2014 , 5 , 3],to:[2014 , 7 , 4]}]
Note that when you use this format you have to aware of disabling priority what that means is
if you have a rule that interfere with another rule you have to know that first rule have high priority to apply here is an example:
Assume : from:2014-01-01 , to : 2014-01-10 && from : 2014-01-05 , to : 2014-01-08 is your disabling rule
what you have to expect is that your first rule (from : 2014-01-01 , to : 2014-01-10) have higher priority than second rule(from : 2014-01-05 , to : 2014-01-08)
then you have disable date from : 2014-01-01 , to : 2014-01-10
Eventing in BeatPicker implemented as pub-sub messaging system.all things you have to do is
first get appropriate instance of BeatPicker object then subscribe on a desired topic and gets notify when any news is out there here is simplest form example:
<input type="text" data-beatpicker="true" data-beatpicker-id="myDatePicker"/>
myDatePicker.on("select", function (data) {
console.log(arguments);
});
Object
This event will fire when a date selected both in range or single mode.
if in range mode you will get specific callback object argument that have info about both from and to date selection.
otherwise you will get simple selected date object in single mode.
Object
Any change in date will notify client using this event.
Having currentDate in object argument of callback.
NONE
Fire when date picker getting show.no arguments in callback.
NONE
Fire when date picker getting show.no arguments in callback.
Object
This event will fire when a date selected both in range or single mode.
if in range mode you will get specific callback object argument that have info about both from and to date selection.
otherwise you will get simple selected date object in single mode.
None
Undefined
Reset selected date programmatically.
Mixed
String | Date object
Undefined
Set currentDate of date picker programmatically.
Format:
Any date string that Date.parse will accept.using this reference to see ISOs
Date.parse().
Also any Date object is acceptable as argument.
Mutli and Mixed
(HTML element , Object)
Undefined
Set beat picker position relative to specific custom selected element.
Position object:
You can use plain object like '{x:2 , y:3}' in px unit set you desired position relative to left corner of any element.
None
Undefined
Show date picker programmatically.
None
Undefined
Hide date picker programmatically.
None
Undefined
Will go today.
None
Boolean
Check if date picker is hide or not.
Mixed
(String | Date object)
Boolean
Check if specific date match to your defined disabling rule or not.
Format:
Any date string that Date.parse will accept.using this reference to see ISOs
Date.parse().
Also any Date object is acceptable as argument.
None
Array
Get array of jQuery objects.if in range mode second indice of array will be to input node.
None
Null | Date object
In range mode you will get start date of the range using this method.
None
Null | Date object
In range mode you will get end date of the range using this method.
None
Null | Date object
In single mode you get selected date using this method.
None
Date object
Get current date of date picker.


--- layout: page title: Lean Prover Zulip Chat Archive permalink: archive/144837PRreviews/64086819cardfinitefields.html ---
@Joey van Langen @Casper Putz Congratulations with your first PR! It's good to see these facts coming to mathlib.
Thanks Johan! :)
Going for existence and uniqueness after this :muscle:
This PR seems ready to merge.
{% endraw %}


Aion Game Launcher 2.6.1 (20.08.2015)
-
New function: what to do after the game start.
-
Bug with launcher update.
Aion Game Launcher 2.6 (19.08.2015)
-
Manage multiple game accounts.
-
Button for display characters entered in the password field.
-
English translation.
-
Settings file now located next the executable.
-
Replaced some icons.
-
About window now is more informative.
-
Update function.
-
Restart alert function.
-
Minor bugs.
Previous versions


Using a hierarchical chain, a custom policy is broken into one or more XML-formatted files.
-
These files are comprised of several components such as, the claims schema, technical profiles, and much more.
-
Each policy file is defined within the root-level TrustFrameworkPolicy element.
Trust framework policy
The TrustFrameworkPolicy element specifies the unique identifier to the tenant name to which the policy belongs. And the policy name. A custom policy should start with B2C_1A_. This is important as you will want granular control on different user journeys.
Base policy element
To chain files together and build the inherited file structure, a BasePolicy element must be declared under the TrustFrameworkPolicy element of the policy file. The BasePolicy element is a reference to the base policy from which this policy is derived.
Building blocks
Within the Trust Framework Policy, we have a set of elements that that helps manage the data received and sent from different connections. These set of elements are called the Building Blocks.
The BuildingBlocks element contains the following. Note, the order of elements must follow this order when defined:
- Claims schema - Contains the list of claims used by your policy.
- Predicates and Predicate validations - Enables you to perform a validation process to ensure that only properly formed data is entered into a claim.
- Claims transformations - A list of claims transformations that can be used in your policy. A claims transformation manipulates one claim into another.
- Content definitions - Contains URLs for HTML5 templates to use in your user journey for custom page layouts, and a reference to localized resources.
- Localization - Provides multiple language support when rendering pages to your users.
Claims schema
Claims schema is the place where you declare your claims. A claim can be first name, last name, display name, phone number and more. The ClaimsSchema element contains a list of ClaimType elements. The ClaimType element contains:
- Id attribute (claim name)
- Display name - The title that’s displayed to users on various screens. The value can be localized
- Data type - The type of the claim. The data types of boolean, date, dateTime, int, long, string, stringCollection and more.
- User help text - A description of the claim type that can be helpful for users to understand its purpose. The value can be localized.
- User input type - The type of input control that should be available to the user when entering the claim data for the claim type.
A claims transformation converts a given claim into another one
In the claims transformation, specify the transform method. For example, specify a transform method that adds an item to a string collection or changes the case of a string. A claims transformation contains:
- Id an arbitrary name you define to reference this claim transformation within a Technical Profile.
- The transform method to apply.
- A list of InputClaim elements that specify claim types that are taken as input to the claims transformation.
- A list of InputParameter elements that are provided as input to the claims transformation.
- A list of OutputClaim elements that specify claim types that are produced after the ClaimsTransformation has been invoked.
The following claims transformation creates a userPrincipleName, by using the string format method – here is an example of a claim transformation policy called “CreateUserPrincipalName”.
Content definitions
Azure AD B2C can provides a content definition interface that allows customizing the look and feel of any self-asserted technical profile. This is important as it applies loading certain UI elements based on versioning and page identifiers.
Claims Providers
TechnicalProfile elements are organized under the ClaimsProvider element. In the following example, the first being a Facebook claims provider with a single technical profile. The others following, are Azure AD claims providers, including multiple technical providers. A claims provider element can help organize technical profiles. It is possible to have all technical providers within a single claims provider element, or to have each technical profile within its own claims provider element. The claims provider element offers the ability to group and organize technical profiles that are related to each other.
Technical profiles
All technical profiles can contain the same set of XML elements, share the same concept and execute in the same way. But the goal of the XML element may change from one technical profile to another. For example, an OAuth2 technical profile, has a different set of metadata than an Azure AD technical profile. The input claims for a self-asserted technical profile pre-populate the data on the page, while in a REST API, B2C sends input claims to the REST Service in a JSON payload.
The SelfAsserted-LocalAccountSignin-Email technical profile renders the combined local account sign-in sign-up page.
The technical profile collects the sign-in name (email address) and the password from the user. When user clicks on sign-in, the login-NonInteractive validation technical profile validates the credentials, and returns the user object properties from the directory. If the account was not found or a bad password was entered, the validation technical profile raises an error message.
You cannot collect more data from the user in the combined sign-up or sign-in page. You can localize the elements of the screen and error messages using content definition localization.
This technical profile has:
- Id – The technical profile name. The sign-up or sign-in user journey calls this technical profile by its Id.
- Protocol - Proprietary, this is an Azure AD B2C internal protocol that allows interaction with a user object in the directory.
- Metadata – Contains the content definition to load.
- Input claims – Such that Azure AD B2C can pre-populate the username.
- Output claims - Claims (data) to be provided by the end user. This technical profile has four output claims. Only signInName and password are presented to the user. Whilst the objectId and the authenticationSource are returned by the validation technical profile and therefore Azure AD B2C will not display these to the user on the rendered page.
- Validation technical profile - Azure AD B2C executes the login-NonInteractive technical profile to validate the user credentials when the user submits the page, and returns the user object properties. Most importantly the users objectId.
Similar to the SelfAsserted-LocalAccountSignin-Email, the Facebook-OAUTH technical profile contains similar elements.
- Protocol - OAuth2, Azure AD B2C will communicate with Facebook over OAuth2.
- Metadata - Relevant configuration options to the OAuth2 protocol, such as the Facebook authorization endpoint.
- Cryptography Key – Used when Azure AD B2C redeems the authorization code for an access token using the client secret stored in the specified cryptography key reference.
- Input claims - None, we do not send anything to Facebook except an authentication request.
- Output claims - Claims parsed from the JWT issued by Facebook and added to the Azure AD B2C claims bag. Some of the claims have a mapping, to map between the Azure AD B2C claim name and the claim name used by Facebook. Identity provider and authenticationSource claims aren’t returned by Facebook. But rather explicitly set using a default value such that they can be used as part of preconditions in subsequent orchestrations steps.
As part of the starter pack, the Facebook technical profile is declared in the Base policy, but has an override in the Extension policy. This is such that we follow the recommendation to keep the Base file static, and make changes in subsequent files in the file structure. The per environment configuration for Facebook is therefore done in the Extension policy.
User Journeys
Orchestration step
The first two orchestration steps are related to each other. Since the first one contains a ClaimsProviderSelection, it allows the user to select the desired identity provider they would like to sign-in with. The following orchestration step, must contain the actual execution of the selected button by referencing a technical profile.
- The type of orchestration step 1, is ClaimsProviderSelection. This indicates that the orchestration step presents various claims providers to the user for them to select.
- The first orchestration step also specifies the identifier of the content definition associated with this orchestration step (api.signuporsignin). B2C renders this content definition on the sign-up or sign-in page.
- When a user clicks on the Facebook button (1), the policy executes the FacebookExchange claims exchange in the second orchestration step by executing the Facebook-OAUTH technical profile.
- When a user signs-in with a local account (2) the LocalAccountSigninEmailExchange claims exchange is executed in the same orchestration step. The LocalAccountSigninEmailExchange claims exchange invokes the SelfAsserted-LocalAccountSignin-Email technical profile, which asks the user to provide their credentials and calls the login-NonInteractive to validate their credentials.
- When a user clicks on sign up (3), the user skips to the second orchestration step, to execute the SignUpWithLogonEmailExchange claims exchange. B2C knows to call SignUpWithLogonEmailExchange because it’s configured in the SelfAsserted-LocalAccountSignin-Email technical profile metadata
<Item Key="SignUpTarget">SignUpWithLogonEmailExchange</Item>
The rest of the orchestration steps always have a single claims exchange element. And may or may not contain preconditions.
Relying party policy
The applications (web or mobile) are called Relying Party, because they rely on the Identity Provider (Azure AD BC). A relying party application calls the relying party policy. The RP policy file executes a specific user journey. The relying party policy specifies:
- The tenant name and policy name.
- The base policy to inherit from.
- The Default User Journey which specified which user journey to be executed. The user journey itself must be configured in one of the policy files in the hierarchy chain, including the relying party policy itself.
- The output claims specify the list of claims to be included in the id token and sent back to the application.


Trying out CSS formatting
This is the first section
This is a paragraph under the first section header
This is the second section
This is a paragraph under the second section header
- Home Screen
- RPi Interface
- Graphs
- Backend Stuff
- List Item 1
- List Item 2
- List Item 3
- List Item 4


We know that the worst case for Insertion Sort is about n^2/2, while the average case is about n^2/4. This means that:
n^2/2
n^2/4
Growth rates ignore constants.


The SLIB package is a portable library for the Scheme programming language. It provides a platform independent framework for using “packages” of Scheme procedures and syntax. Its catalog can be transparently extended to accommodate packages specific to a site, implementation, user or directory. SLIB provides compatibility and utility functions for all standard Scheme implementations including Bigloo, Chez, ELK 3.0, GAMBIT 3.0, Guile, JScheme, MacScheme, MITScheme, PLT Scheme (DrScheme and MzScheme), Pocket Scheme, RScheme, scheme->C, Scheme48, SCM, SCM Mac, scsh, Stk, T3.1, umb-scheme, and VSCM.
This package is known to build and work properly using an LFS-7.4 platform.
Download (HTTP): http://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/ftpdir/scm/slib-3b4.tar.gz
Download MD5 sum: dcada65c4df4209c8f71211095bcef8e
Download size: 956 KB
Estimated disk space required: 10 MB (includes building and installing docs)
Estimated build time: 0.5 SBU
User Notes: http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/wiki/slib
Install SLIB by issuing the following commands:
sed -i 's|usr/lib|usr/share|' RScheme.init && ./configure --prefix=/usr --libdir=/usr/share && sed -i -e 's# scm$# guile#;s#ginstall-info#install-info#' \ -e 's/no-split -o/no-split --force -o/' Makefile && makeinfo -o slib.txt --plaintext --force slib.texi && makeinfo -o slib.html --html --no-split --force slib.texi
This package does not come with a functional test suite.
Now, as the root
user:
make install && ln -v -sf ../slib /usr/share/guile && mkdir -pv /usr/share/guile/site/2.0 && guile -c "(use-modules (ice-9 slib)) (require 'printf)" && install -v -m755 -d /usr/share/doc/slib-3b4 && install -v -m644 ANNOUNCE FAQ README slib.{txt,html} /usr/share/doc/slib-3b4
sed -i 's|usr/lib|usr/share|'
RScheme.init: This command is used to change the
libdir
variable embedded in the script
to match the installation.
--libdir=/usr/share
: This option puts
the installed in files /usr/share/slib
instead of /usr/lib/slib
.
makeinfo ... --force
... : This command creates needed documentation,
but needs the --force
option to
overcome warnings that are flagged as errors in recent versions of
makeinfo.
ln -v -sf ../slib /usr/share/guile: This command puts a symbolic link to the slib files in Guile's default “Implementation Vicinity”.
guile -c "(use-modules (ice-9 slib)) (require 'printf)": This command creates a guile catalog of the slib files.
Last updated on 2013-09-05 09:23:52 -0700


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113489-new-members/topic/Find.20min.20of.20a.20set.20of.20natural.20numbers.html ---
I'm trying to understand the nat.find_xxx
API and as far as I understand it, it looks like rather some helpers which prove the induction over natural numbers.
I have some set of natural numbers which is infinite, nonempty and I'd like to take the smallest element, I could reuse the Inf/is_least machinery but I think there must be more elementary things to do?
Namely, I'm interested in this (mis-formulated?) lemma:
import data.set lemma smallest_element (S: set ℕ): S.nonempty → ∃ n : ℕ, ∀ m < n, m \notin S := sorry
(I cannot use finset.min
because of the infinite condition.)
And I answer myself…
lemma smallest_element (S: set ℕ): S.nonempty → ∃ n : ℕ, ∀ m < n, m ∉ S := begin intro H, use (nat.find H), intro m, apply nat.find_min H, end
seems to work just fine.
But I wonder if there is a more canonical way.
Well-ordered principle: every non-empty subset of the natural numbers has a least element.
Mathematical induction is true if and only if ℕ is well-ordered.
Daniel Keys said:
Well-ordered principle: every non-empty subset of the natural numbers has a least element.
Is there a direct theorem using is_least
?
Not sure what you mean here, but it seems to me that your smallest_element
lemma restates an axiom:
axiom well_ordered (S : set ℕ) : S.nonempty → ∃ m ∈ S, ∀ n ∈ S, m ≤ n
That's not an axiom in Lean
that's a theorem
Good point. I didn't mean it was in Lean.
The question is how to do all of this stuff in Lean.
Isn't this hidden somewhere in Lean - i.e. by the definition of the naturals as an inductive type?
Sure
The question is where is it hidden and what is the canonical way to get it out.
< is not some predicate which is canonically associated to nat; < has a definition which probably uses +
(deleted)
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


Example 01 - Getting data
In this example we will get information from another website.
We will do this dynamically, after our page has finished loading.
Open your developer console and take a look.
In this example we will get information from another website.
We will do this dynamically, after our page has finished loading.
Open your developer console and take a look.