public interface Connection extends Wrapper, AutoCloseable
A connection (session) with a specific database. SQL statements are executed and results are returned within the context of a connection.
A Connection
object's database is able to provide information
describing its tables, its supported SQL grammar, its stored
procedures, the capabilities of this connection, and so on. This
information is obtained with the getMetaData
method.
Note: When configuring a Connection
, JDBC applications
should use the appropriate Connection
method such as
setAutoCommit
or setTransactionIsolation
.
Applications should not invoke SQL commands directly to change the connection's
configuration when there is a JDBC method available. By default a Connection
object is in
auto-commit mode, which means that it automatically commits changes
after executing each statement. If auto-commit mode has been
disabled, the method commit
must be called explicitly in
order to commit changes; otherwise, database changes will not be saved.
A new Connection
object created using the JDBC 2.1 core API
has an initially empty type map associated with it. A user may enter a
custom mapping for a UDT in this type map.
When a UDT is retrieved from a data source with the
method ResultSet.getObject
, the getObject
method
will check the connection's type map to see if there is an entry for that
UDT. If so, the getObject
method will map the UDT to the
class indicated. If there is no entry, the UDT will be mapped using the
standard mapping.
A user may create a new type map, which is a java.util.Map
object, make an entry in it, and pass it to the java.sql
methods that can perform custom mapping. In this case, the method
will use the given type map instead of the one associated with
the connection.
For example, the following code fragment specifies that the SQL
type ATHLETES
will be mapped to the class
Athletes
in the Java programming language.
The code fragment retrieves the type map for the Connection
object con
, inserts the entry into it, and then sets
the type map with the new entry as the connection's type map.
java.util.Map map = con.getTypeMap(); map.put("mySchemaName.ATHLETES", Class.forName("Athletes")); con.setTypeMap(map);
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static int |
TRANSACTION_NONE
A constant indicating that transactions are not supported.
|
static int |
TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED
A constant indicating that
dirty reads are prevented; non-repeatable reads and phantom
reads can occur.
|
static int |
TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED
A constant indicating that
dirty reads, non-repeatable reads and phantom reads can occur.
|
static int |
TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
A constant indicating that
dirty reads and non-repeatable reads are prevented; phantom
reads can occur.
|
static int |
TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE
A constant indicating that
dirty reads, non-repeatable reads and phantom reads are prevented.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
abort(Executor executor)
Terminates an open connection.
|
void |
clearWarnings()
Clears all warnings reported for this
Connection object. |
void |
close()
Releases this
Connection object's database and JDBC resources
immediately instead of waiting for them to be automatically released. |
void |
commit()
Makes all changes made since the previous
commit/rollback permanent and releases any database locks
currently held by this
Connection object. |
Array |
createArrayOf(String typeName,
Object[] elements)
Factory method for creating Array objects.
|
Blob |
createBlob()
Constructs an object that implements the
Blob interface. |
Clob |
createClob()
Constructs an object that implements the
Clob interface. |
NClob |
createNClob()
Constructs an object that implements the
NClob interface. |
SQLXML |
createSQLXML()
Constructs an object that implements the
SQLXML interface. |
Statement |
createStatement()
Creates a
Statement object for sending
SQL statements to the database. |
Statement |
createStatement(int resultSetType,
int resultSetConcurrency)
Creates a
Statement object that will generate
ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency. |
Statement |
createStatement(int resultSetType,
int resultSetConcurrency,
int resultSetHoldability)
Creates a
Statement object that will generate
ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency,
and holdability. |
Struct |
createStruct(String typeName,
Object[] attributes)
Factory method for creating Struct objects.
|
boolean |
getAutoCommit()
Retrieves the current auto-commit mode for this
Connection
object. |
String |
getCatalog()
Retrieves this
Connection object's current catalog name. |
Properties |
getClientInfo()
Returns a list containing the name and current value of each client info
property supported by the driver.
|
String |
getClientInfo(String name)
Returns the value of the client info property specified by name.
|
int |
getHoldability()
Retrieves the current holdability of
ResultSet objects
created using this Connection object. |
DatabaseMetaData |
getMetaData()
Retrieves a
DatabaseMetaData object that contains
metadata about the database to which this
Connection object represents a connection. |
int |
getNetworkTimeout()
Retrieves the number of milliseconds the driver will
wait for a database request to complete.
|
String |
getSchema()
Retrieves this
Connection object's current schema name. |
int |
getTransactionIsolation()
Retrieves this
Connection object's current
transaction isolation level. |
Map<String,Class<?>> |
getTypeMap()
Retrieves the
Map object associated with this
Connection object. |
SQLWarning |
getWarnings()
Retrieves the first warning reported by calls on this
Connection object. |
boolean |
isClosed()
Retrieves whether this
Connection object has been
closed. |
boolean |
isReadOnly()
Retrieves whether this
Connection
object is in read-only mode. |
boolean |
isValid(int timeout)
Returns true if the connection has not been closed and is still valid.
|
String |
nativeSQL(String sql)
Converts the given SQL statement into the system's native SQL grammar.
|
CallableStatement |
prepareCall(String sql)
Creates a
CallableStatement object for calling
database stored procedures. |
CallableStatement |
prepareCall(String sql,
int resultSetType,
int resultSetConcurrency)
Creates a
CallableStatement object that will generate
ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency. |
CallableStatement |
prepareCall(String sql,
int resultSetType,
int resultSetConcurrency,
int resultSetHoldability)
Creates a
CallableStatement object that will generate
ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency. |
PreparedStatement |
prepareStatement(String sql)
Creates a
PreparedStatement object for sending
parameterized SQL statements to the database. |
PreparedStatement |
prepareStatement(String sql,
int autoGeneratedKeys)
Creates a default
PreparedStatement object that has
the capability to retrieve auto-generated keys. |
PreparedStatement |
prepareStatement(String sql,
int[] columnIndexes)
Creates a default
PreparedStatement object capable
of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array. |
PreparedStatement |
prepareStatement(String sql,
int resultSetType,
int resultSetConcurrency)
Creates a
PreparedStatement object that will generate
ResultSet objects with the given type and concurrency. |
PreparedStatement |
prepareStatement(String sql,
int resultSetType,
int resultSetConcurrency,
int resultSetHoldability)
Creates a
PreparedStatement object that will generate
ResultSet objects with the given type, concurrency,
and holdability. |
PreparedStatement |
prepareStatement(String sql,
String[] columnNames)
Creates a default
PreparedStatement object capable
of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array. |
void |
releaseSavepoint(Savepoint savepoint)
Removes the specified
Savepoint and subsequent Savepoint objects from the current
transaction. |
void |
rollback()
Undoes all changes made in the current transaction
and releases any database locks currently held
by this
Connection object. |
void |
rollback(Savepoint savepoint)
Undoes all changes made after the given
Savepoint object
was set. |
void |
setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit)
Sets this connection's auto-commit mode to the given state.
|
void |
setCatalog(String catalog)
Sets the given catalog name in order to select
a subspace of this
Connection object's database
in which to work. |
void |
setClientInfo(Properties properties)
Sets the value of the connection's client info properties.
|
void |
setClientInfo(String name,
String value)
Sets the value of the client info property specified by name to the
value specified by value.
|
void |
setHoldability(int holdability)
Changes the default holdability of
ResultSet objects
created using this Connection object to the given
holdability. |
void |
setNetworkTimeout(Executor executor,
int milliseconds)
Sets the maximum period a
Connection or
objects created from the Connection
will wait for the database to reply to any one request. |
void |
setReadOnly(boolean readOnly)
Puts this connection in read-only mode as a hint to the driver to enable
database optimizations.
|
Savepoint |
setSavepoint()
Creates an unnamed savepoint in the current transaction and
returns the new
Savepoint object that represents it. |
Savepoint |
setSavepoint(String name)
Creates a savepoint with the given name in the current transaction
and returns the new
Savepoint object that represents it. |
void |
setSchema(String schema)
Sets the given schema name to access.
|
void |
setTransactionIsolation(int level)
Attempts to change the transaction isolation level for this
Connection object to the one given. |
void |
setTypeMap(Map<String,Class<?>> map)
Installs the given
TypeMap object as the type map for
this Connection object. |
isWrapperFor, unwrap
static final int TRANSACTION_NONE
static final int TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED
static final int TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED
static final int TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
static final int TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE
TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
and further prohibits the
situation where one transaction reads all rows that satisfy
a WHERE
condition, a second transaction inserts a row that
satisfies that WHERE
condition, and the first transaction
rereads for the same condition, retrieving the additional
"phantom" row in the second read.Statement createStatement() throws SQLException
Statement
object for sending
SQL statements to the database.
SQL statements without parameters are normally
executed using Statement
objects. If the same SQL statement
is executed many times, it may be more efficient to use a
PreparedStatement
object.
Result sets created using the returned Statement
object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY
and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY
.
The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by
calling getHoldability()
.
Statement
objectSQLException
- if a database access error occurs
or this method is called on a closed connectionPreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException
PreparedStatement
object for sending
parameterized SQL statements to the database.
A SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be
pre-compiled and stored in a PreparedStatement
object. This
object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement
multiple times.
Note: This method is optimized for handling
parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If
the driver supports precompilation,
the method prepareStatement
will send
the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers
may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may
not be sent to the database until the PreparedStatement
object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does
affect which methods throw certain SQLException
objects.
Result sets created using the returned PreparedStatement
object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY
and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY
.
The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by
calling getHoldability()
.
sql
- an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN
parameter placeholdersPreparedStatement
object containing the
pre-compiled SQL statementSQLException
- if a database access error occurs
or this method is called on a closed connectionCallableStatement prepareCall(String sql) throws SQLException
CallableStatement
object for calling
database stored procedures.
The CallableStatement
object provides
methods for setting up its IN and OUT parameters, and
methods for executing the call to a stored procedure.
Note: This method is optimized for handling stored
procedure call statements. Some drivers may send the call
statement to the database when the method prepareCall
is done; others
may wait until the CallableStatement
object
is executed. This has no
direct effect on users; however, it does affect which method
throws certain SQLExceptions.
Result sets created using the returned CallableStatement
object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY
and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY
.
The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by
calling getHoldability()
.
sql
- an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?'
parameter placeholders. Typically this statement is specified using JDBC
call escape syntax.CallableStatement
object containing the
pre-compiled SQL statementSQLException
- if a database access error occurs
or this method is called on a closed connectionString nativeSQL(String sql) throws SQLException
sql
- an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?'
parameter placeholdersSQLException
- if a database access error occurs
or this method is called on a closed connectionvoid setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) throws SQLException
commit
or the method rollback
.
By default, new connections are in auto-commit
mode.
The commit occurs when the statement completes. The time when the statement completes depends on the type of SQL Statement:
CallableStatement
objects or for statements that return
multiple results, the statement is complete
when all of the associated result sets have been closed, and all update
counts and output parameters have been retrieved.
NOTE: If this method is called during a transaction and the
auto-commit mode is changed, the transaction is committed. If
setAutoCommit
is called and the auto-commit mode is
not changed, the call is a no-op.
autoCommit
- true
to enable auto-commit mode;
false
to disable itSQLException
- if a database access error occurs,
setAutoCommit(true) is called while participating in a distributed transaction,
or this method is called on a closed connectiongetAutoCommit()
boolean getAutoCommit() throws SQLException
Connection
object.Connection
object's
auto-commit modeSQLException
- if a database access error occurs
or this method is called on a closed connectionsetAutoCommit(boolean)
void commit() throws SQLException
Connection
object.
This method should be
used only when auto-commit mode has been disabled.SQLException
- if a database access error occurs,
this method is called while participating in a distributed transaction,
if this method is called on a closed connection or this
Connection
object is in auto-commit modesetAutoCommit(boolean)
void rollback() throws SQLException
Connection
object. This method should be
used only when auto-commit mode has been disabled.SQLException
- if a database access error occurs,
this method is called while participating in a distributed transaction,
this method is called on a closed connection or this
Connection
object is in auto-commit modesetAutoCommit(boolean)
void close() throws SQLException
Connection
object's database and JDBC resources
immediately instead of waiting for them to be automatically released.
Calling the method close
on a Connection
object that is already closed is a no-op.
It is strongly recommended that an application explicitly
commits or rolls back an active transaction prior to calling the
close
method. If the close
method is called
and there is an active transaction, the results are implementation-defined.
close
in interface AutoCloseable
SQLException
- SQLException if a database access error occursboolean isClosed() throws SQLException
Connection
object has been
closed. A connection is closed if the method close
has been called on it or if certain fatal errors have occurred.
This method is guaranteed to return true
only when
it is called after the method Connection.close
has
been called.
This method generally cannot be called to determine whether a connection to a database is valid or invalid. A typical client can determine that a connection is invalid by catching any exceptions that might be thrown when an operation is attempted.
true
if this Connection
object
is closed; false
if it is still openSQLException
- if a database access error occursDatabaseMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException
DatabaseMetaData
object that contains
metadata about the database to which this
Connection
object represents a connection.
The metadata includes information about the database's
tables, its supported SQL grammar, its stored
procedures, the capabilities of this connection, and so on.DatabaseMetaData
object for this
Connection
objectSQLException
- if a database access error occurs
or this method is called on a closed connectionvoid setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) throws SQLException
Note: This method cannot be called during a transaction.
readOnly
- true
enables read-only mode;
false
disables itSQLException
- if a database access error occurs, this
method is called on a closed connection or this
method is called during a transactionboolean isReadOnly() throws SQLException
Connection
object is in read-only mode.true
if this Connection
object
is read-only; false
otherwiseSQLException
- SQLException if a database access error occurs
or this method is called on a closed connectionvoid setCatalog(String catalog) throws SQLException
Connection
object's database
in which to work.
If the driver does not support catalogs, it will silently ignore this request.
Calling setCatalog
has no effect on previously created or prepared
Statement
objects. It is implementation defined whether a DBMS
prepare operation takes place immediately when the Connection
method prepareStatement
or prepareCall
is invoked.
For maximum portability, setCatalog
should be called before a
Statement
is created or prepared.
catalog
- the name of a catalog (subspace in this
Connection
object's database) in which to workSQLException
- if a database access error occurs
or this method is called on a closed connectiongetCatalog()
String getCatalog() throws SQLException
Connection
object's current catalog name.null
if there is noneSQLException
- if a database access error occurs
or this method is called on a closed connectionsetCatalog(java.lang.String)
void setTransactionIsolation(int level) throws SQLException
Connection
object to the one given.
The constants defined in the interface Connection
are the possible transaction isolation levels.
Note: If this method is called during a transaction, the result is implementation-defined.
level
- one of the following Connection
constants:
Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED
,
Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED
,
Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
, or
Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE
.
(Note that Connection.TRANSACTION_NONE
cannot be used
because it specifies that transactions are not supported.)SQLException
- if a database access error occurs, this
method is called on a closed connection
or the given parameter is not one of the Connection
constantsDatabaseMetaData.supportsTransactionIsolationLevel(int)
,
getTransactionIsolation()
int getTransactionIsolation() throws SQLException
Connection
object's current
transaction isolation level.Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED
,
Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED
,
Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
,
Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE
, or
Connection.TRANSACTION_NONE
.SQLException
- if a database access error occurs
or this method is called on a closed connectionsetTransactionIsolation(int)
SQLWarning getWarnings() throws SQLException
Connection
object. If there is more than one
warning, subsequent warnings will be chained to the first one
and can be retrieved by calling the method
SQLWarning.getNextWarning
on the warning
that was retrieved previously.
This method may not be
called on a closed connection; doing so will cause an
SQLException
to be thrown.
Note: Subsequent warnings will be chained to this SQLWarning.
SQLWarning
object or null
if there are noneSQLException
- if a database access error occurs or
this method is called on a closed connectionSQLWarning
void clearWarnings() throws SQLException
Connection
object.
After a call to this method, the method getWarnings
returns null
until a new warning is
reported for this Connection
object.SQLException
- SQLException if a database access error occurs
or this method is called on a closed connectionStatement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException
Statement
object that will generate
ResultSet
objects with the given type and concurrency.
This method is the same as the createStatement
method
above, but it allows the default result set
type and concurrency to be overridden.
The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by
calling getHoldability()
.resultSetType
- a result set type; one of
ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY
,
ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE
, or
ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
resultSetConcurrency
- a concurrency type; one of
ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY
or
ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
Statement
object that will generate
ResultSet
objects with the given type and
concurrencySQLException
- if a database access error occurs, this
method is called on a closed connection
or the given parameters are not ResultSet
constants indicating type and concurrencySQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this method or this method is not supported for the specified result
set type and result set concurrency.PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException
PreparedStatement
object that will generate
ResultSet
objects with the given type and concurrency.
This method is the same as the prepareStatement
method
above, but it allows the default result set
type and concurrency to be overridden.
The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by
calling getHoldability()
.sql
- a String
object that is the SQL statement to
be sent to the database; may contain one or more '?' IN
parametersresultSetType
- a result set type; one of
ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY
,
ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE
, or
ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
resultSetConcurrency
- a concurrency type; one of
ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY
or
ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
ResultSet
objects with the given type and concurrencySQLException
- if a database access error occurs, this
method is called on a closed connection
or the given parameters are not ResultSet
constants indicating type and concurrencySQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this method or this method is not supported for the specified result
set type and result set concurrency.CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException
CallableStatement
object that will generate
ResultSet
objects with the given type and concurrency.
This method is the same as the prepareCall
method
above, but it allows the default result set
type and concurrency to be overridden.
The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by
calling getHoldability()
.sql
- a String
object that is the SQL statement to
be sent to the database; may contain on or more '?' parametersresultSetType
- a result set type; one of
ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY
,
ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE
, or
ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
resultSetConcurrency
- a concurrency type; one of
ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY
or
ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
CallableStatement
object containing the
pre-compiled SQL statement that will produce ResultSet
objects with the given type and concurrencySQLException
- if a database access error occurs, this method
is called on a closed connection
or the given parameters are not ResultSet
constants indicating type and concurrencySQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this method or this method is not supported for the specified result
set type and result set concurrency.Map<String,Class<?>> getTypeMap() throws SQLException
Map
object associated with this
Connection
object.
Unless the application has added an entry, the type map returned
will be empty.
You must invoke setTypeMap
after making changes to the
Map
object returned from
getTypeMap
as a JDBC driver may create an internal
copy of the Map
object passed to setTypeMap
:
Map<String,Class<?>> myMap = con.getTypeMap(); myMap.put("mySchemaName.ATHLETES", Athletes.class); con.setTypeMap(myMap);
java.util.Map
object associated
with this Connection
objectSQLException
- if a database access error occurs
or this method is called on a closed connectionSQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this methodsetTypeMap(java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Class<?>>)
void setTypeMap(Map<String,Class<?>> map) throws SQLException
TypeMap
object as the type map for
this Connection
object. The type map will be used for the
custom mapping of SQL structured types and distinct types.
You must set the the values for the TypeMap
prior to
callng setMap
as a JDBC driver may create an internal copy
of the TypeMap
:
Map myMap<String,Class<?>> = new HashMap<String,Class<?>>(); myMap.put("mySchemaName.ATHLETES", Athletes.class); con.setTypeMap(myMap);
map
- the java.util.Map
object to install
as the replacement for this Connection
object's default type mapSQLException
- if a database access error occurs, this
method is called on a closed connection or
the given parameter is not a java.util.Map
objectSQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this methodgetTypeMap()
void setHoldability(int holdability) throws SQLException
ResultSet
objects
created using this Connection
object to the given
holdability. The default holdability of ResultSet
objects
can be be determined by invoking
DatabaseMetaData.getResultSetHoldability()
.holdability
- a ResultSet
holdability constant; one of
ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT
or
ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT
SQLException
- if a database access occurs, this method is called
on a closed connection, or the given parameter
is not a ResultSet
constant indicating holdabilitySQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the given holdability is not supportedgetHoldability()
,
DatabaseMetaData.getResultSetHoldability()
,
ResultSet
int getHoldability() throws SQLException
ResultSet
objects
created using this Connection
object.ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT
or
ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT
SQLException
- if a database access error occurs
or this method is called on a closed connectionsetHoldability(int)
,
DatabaseMetaData.getResultSetHoldability()
,
ResultSet
Savepoint setSavepoint() throws SQLException
Savepoint
object that represents it.
if setSavepoint is invoked outside of an active transaction, a transaction will be started at this newly created savepoint.
Savepoint
objectSQLException
- if a database access error occurs,
this method is called while participating in a distributed transaction,
this method is called on a closed connection
or this Connection
object is currently in
auto-commit modeSQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this methodSavepoint
Savepoint setSavepoint(String name) throws SQLException
Savepoint
object that represents it.
if setSavepoint is invoked outside of an active transaction, a transaction will be started at this newly created savepoint.
name
- a String
containing the name of the savepointSavepoint
objectSQLException
- if a database access error occurs,
this method is called while participating in a distributed transaction,
this method is called on a closed connection
or this Connection
object is currently in
auto-commit modeSQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this methodSavepoint
void rollback(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException
Savepoint
object
was set.
This method should be used only when auto-commit has been disabled.
savepoint
- the Savepoint
object to roll back toSQLException
- if a database access error occurs,
this method is called while participating in a distributed transaction,
this method is called on a closed connection,
the Savepoint
object is no longer valid,
or this Connection
object is currently in
auto-commit modeSQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this methodSavepoint
,
rollback()
void releaseSavepoint(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException
Savepoint
and subsequent Savepoint
objects from the current
transaction. Any reference to the savepoint after it have been removed
will cause an SQLException
to be thrown.savepoint
- the Savepoint
object to be removedSQLException
- if a database access error occurs, this
method is called on a closed connection or
the given Savepoint
object is not a valid
savepoint in the current transactionSQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this methodStatement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException
Statement
object that will generate
ResultSet
objects with the given type, concurrency,
and holdability.
This method is the same as the createStatement
method
above, but it allows the default result set
type, concurrency, and holdability to be overridden.resultSetType
- one of the following ResultSet
constants:
ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY
,
ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE
, or
ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
resultSetConcurrency
- one of the following ResultSet
constants:
ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY
or
ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
resultSetHoldability
- one of the following ResultSet
constants:
ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT
or
ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT
Statement
object that will generate
ResultSet
objects with the given type,
concurrency, and holdabilitySQLException
- if a database access error occurs, this
method is called on a closed connection
or the given parameters are not ResultSet
constants indicating type, concurrency, and holdabilitySQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this method or this method is not supported for the specified result
set type, result set holdability and result set concurrency.ResultSet
PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException
PreparedStatement
object that will generate
ResultSet
objects with the given type, concurrency,
and holdability.
This method is the same as the prepareStatement
method
above, but it allows the default result set
type, concurrency, and holdability to be overridden.
sql
- a String
object that is the SQL statement to
be sent to the database; may contain one or more '?' IN
parametersresultSetType
- one of the following ResultSet
constants:
ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY
,
ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE
, or
ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
resultSetConcurrency
- one of the following ResultSet
constants:
ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY
or
ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
resultSetHoldability
- one of the following ResultSet
constants:
ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT
or
ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT
PreparedStatement
object, containing the
pre-compiled SQL statement, that will generate
ResultSet
objects with the given type,
concurrency, and holdabilitySQLException
- if a database access error occurs, this
method is called on a closed connection
or the given parameters are not ResultSet
constants indicating type, concurrency, and holdabilitySQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this method or this method is not supported for the specified result
set type, result set holdability and result set concurrency.ResultSet
CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException
CallableStatement
object that will generate
ResultSet
objects with the given type and concurrency.
This method is the same as the prepareCall
method
above, but it allows the default result set
type, result set concurrency type and holdability to be overridden.sql
- a String
object that is the SQL statement to
be sent to the database; may contain on or more '?' parametersresultSetType
- one of the following ResultSet
constants:
ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY
,
ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE
, or
ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE
resultSetConcurrency
- one of the following ResultSet
constants:
ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY
or
ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE
resultSetHoldability
- one of the following ResultSet
constants:
ResultSet.HOLD_CURSORS_OVER_COMMIT
or
ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT
CallableStatement
object, containing the
pre-compiled SQL statement, that will generate
ResultSet
objects with the given type,
concurrency, and holdabilitySQLException
- if a database access error occurs, this
method is called on a closed connection
or the given parameters are not ResultSet
constants indicating type, concurrency, and holdabilitySQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this method or this method is not supported for the specified result
set type, result set holdability and result set concurrency.ResultSet
PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys) throws SQLException
PreparedStatement
object that has
the capability to retrieve auto-generated keys. The given constant
tells the driver whether it should make auto-generated keys
available for retrieval. This parameter is ignored if the SQL statement
is not an INSERT
statement, or an SQL statement able to return
auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
Note: This method is optimized for handling
parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If
the driver supports precompilation,
the method prepareStatement
will send
the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers
may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may
not be sent to the database until the PreparedStatement
object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does
affect which methods throw certain SQLExceptions.
Result sets created using the returned PreparedStatement
object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY
and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY
.
The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by
calling getHoldability()
.
sql
- an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN
parameter placeholdersautoGeneratedKeys
- a flag indicating whether auto-generated keys
should be returned; one of
Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS
or
Statement.NO_GENERATED_KEYS
PreparedStatement
object, containing the
pre-compiled SQL statement, that will have the capability of
returning auto-generated keysSQLException
- if a database access error occurs, this
method is called on a closed connection
or the given parameter is not a Statement
constant indicating whether auto-generated keys should be
returnedSQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this method with a constant of Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYSPreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int[] columnIndexes) throws SQLException
PreparedStatement
object capable
of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array.
This array contains the indexes of the columns in the target
table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be made
available. The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement
is not an INSERT
statement, or an SQL statement able to return
auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
An SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be
pre-compiled and stored in a PreparedStatement
object. This
object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement
multiple times.
Note: This method is optimized for handling
parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If
the driver supports precompilation,
the method prepareStatement
will send
the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers
may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may
not be sent to the database until the PreparedStatement
object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does
affect which methods throw certain SQLExceptions.
Result sets created using the returned PreparedStatement
object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY
and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY
.
The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by
calling getHoldability()
.
sql
- an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN
parameter placeholderscolumnIndexes
- an array of column indexes indicating the columns
that should be returned from the inserted row or rowsPreparedStatement
object, containing the
pre-compiled statement, that is capable of returning the
auto-generated keys designated by the given array of column
indexesSQLException
- if a database access error occurs
or this method is called on a closed connectionSQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this methodPreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, String[] columnNames) throws SQLException
PreparedStatement
object capable
of returning the auto-generated keys designated by the given array.
This array contains the names of the columns in the target
table that contain the auto-generated keys that should be returned.
The driver will ignore the array if the SQL statement
is not an INSERT
statement, or an SQL statement able to return
auto-generated keys (the list of such statements is vendor-specific).
An SQL statement with or without IN parameters can be
pre-compiled and stored in a PreparedStatement
object. This
object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement
multiple times.
Note: This method is optimized for handling
parametric SQL statements that benefit from precompilation. If
the driver supports precompilation,
the method prepareStatement
will send
the statement to the database for precompilation. Some drivers
may not support precompilation. In this case, the statement may
not be sent to the database until the PreparedStatement
object is executed. This has no direct effect on users; however, it does
affect which methods throw certain SQLExceptions.
Result sets created using the returned PreparedStatement
object will by default be type TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY
and have a concurrency level of CONCUR_READ_ONLY
.
The holdability of the created result sets can be determined by
calling getHoldability()
.
sql
- an SQL statement that may contain one or more '?' IN
parameter placeholderscolumnNames
- an array of column names indicating the columns
that should be returned from the inserted row or rowsPreparedStatement
object, containing the
pre-compiled statement, that is capable of returning the
auto-generated keys designated by the given array of column
namesSQLException
- if a database access error occurs
or this method is called on a closed connectionSQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this methodClob createClob() throws SQLException
Clob
interface. The object
returned initially contains no data. The setAsciiStream
,
setCharacterStream
and setString
methods of
the Clob
interface may be used to add data to the Clob
.Clob
interfaceSQLException
- if an object that implements the
Clob
interface can not be constructed, this method is
called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.SQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this data typeBlob createBlob() throws SQLException
Blob
interface. The object
returned initially contains no data. The setBinaryStream
and
setBytes
methods of the Blob
interface may be used to add data to
the Blob
.Blob
interfaceSQLException
- if an object that implements the
Blob
interface can not be constructed, this method is
called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.SQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this data typeNClob createNClob() throws SQLException
NClob
interface. The object
returned initially contains no data. The setAsciiStream
,
setCharacterStream
and setString
methods of the NClob
interface may
be used to add data to the NClob
.NClob
interfaceSQLException
- if an object that implements the
NClob
interface can not be constructed, this method is
called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.SQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this data typeSQLXML createSQLXML() throws SQLException
SQLXML
interface. The object
returned initially contains no data. The createXmlStreamWriter
object and
setString
method of the SQLXML
interface may be used to add data to the SQLXML
object.SQLXML
interfaceSQLException
- if an object that implements the SQLXML
interface can not
be constructed, this method is
called on a closed connection or a database access error occurs.SQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this data typeboolean isValid(int timeout) throws SQLException
The query submitted by the driver to validate the connection shall be executed in the context of the current transaction.
timeout
- - The time in seconds to wait for the database operation
used to validate the connection to complete. If
the timeout period expires before the operation
completes, this method returns false. A value of
0 indicates a timeout is not applied to the
database operation.
SQLException
- if the value supplied for timeout
is less then 0DatabaseMetaData.getClientInfoProperties()
void setClientInfo(String name, String value) throws SQLClientInfoException
Applications may use the DatabaseMetaData.getClientInfoProperties
method to determine the client info properties supported by the driver
and the maximum length that may be specified for each property.
The driver stores the value specified in a suitable location in the database. For example in a special register, session parameter, or system table column. For efficiency the driver may defer setting the value in the database until the next time a statement is executed or prepared. Other than storing the client information in the appropriate place in the database, these methods shall not alter the behavior of the connection in anyway. The values supplied to these methods are used for accounting, diagnostics and debugging purposes only.
The driver shall generate a warning if the client info name specified is not recognized by the driver.
If the value specified to this method is greater than the maximum
length for the property the driver may either truncate the value and
generate a warning or generate a SQLClientInfoException
. If the driver
generates a SQLClientInfoException
, the value specified was not set on the
connection.
The following are standard client info properties. Drivers are not required to support these properties however if the driver supports a client info property that can be described by one of the standard properties, the standard property name should be used.
name
- The name of the client info property to setvalue
- The value to set the client info property to. If the
value is null, the current value of the specified
property is cleared.
SQLClientInfoException
- if the database server returns an error while
setting the client info value on the database server or this method
is called on a closed connection
void setClientInfo(Properties properties) throws SQLClientInfoException
Properties
object contains the names and values of the client info
properties to be set. The set of client info properties contained in
the properties list replaces the current set of client info properties
on the connection. If a property that is currently set on the
connection is not present in the properties list, that property is
cleared. Specifying an empty properties list will clear all of the
properties on the connection. See setClientInfo (String, String)
for
more information.
If an error occurs in setting any of the client info properties, a
SQLClientInfoException
is thrown. The SQLClientInfoException
contains information indicating which client info properties were not set.
The state of the client information is unknown because
some databases do not allow multiple client info properties to be set
atomically. For those databases, one or more properties may have been
set before the error occurred.
properties
- the list of client info properties to set
SQLClientInfoException
- if the database server returns an error while
setting the clientInfo values on the database server or this method
is called on a closed connectionsetClientInfo(String, String)
String getClientInfo(String name) throws SQLException
Applications may use the DatabaseMetaData.getClientInfoProperties
method to determine the client info properties supported by the driver.
name
- The name of the client info property to retrieve
SQLException
- if the database server returns an error when
fetching the client info value from the database
or this method is called on a closed connection
DatabaseMetaData.getClientInfoProperties()
Properties getClientInfo() throws SQLException
Properties
object that contains the name and current value of
each of the client info properties supported by the driver.
SQLException
- if the database server returns an error when
fetching the client info values from the database
or this method is called on a closed connection
Array createArrayOf(String typeName, Object[] elements) throws SQLException
Note: When createArrayOf
is used to create an array object
that maps to a primitive data type, then it is implementation-defined
whether the Array
object is an array of that primitive
data type or an array of Object
.
Note: The JDBC driver is responsible for mapping the elements
Object
array to the default JDBC SQL type defined in
java.sql.Types for the given class of Object
. The default
mapping is specified in Appendix B of the JDBC specification. If the
resulting JDBC type is not the appropriate type for the given typeName then
it is implementation defined whether an SQLException
is
thrown or the driver supports the resulting conversion.
typeName
- the SQL name of the type the elements of the array map to. The typeName is a
database-specific name which may be the name of a built-in type, a user-defined type or a standard SQL type supported by this database. This
is the value returned by Array.getBaseTypeName
elements
- the elements that populate the returned objectSQLException
- if a database error occurs, the JDBC type is not
appropriate for the typeName and the conversion is not supported, the typeName is null or this method is called on a closed connectionSQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support this data typeStruct createStruct(String typeName, Object[] attributes) throws SQLException
typeName
- the SQL type name of the SQL structured type that this Struct
object maps to. The typeName is the name of a user-defined type that
has been defined for this database. It is the value returned by
Struct.getSQLTypeName
.attributes
- the attributes that populate the returned objectSQLException
- if a database error occurs, the typeName is null or this method is called on a closed connectionSQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support this data typevoid setSchema(String schema) throws SQLException
If the driver does not support schemas, it will silently ignore this request.
Calling setSchema
has no effect on previously created or prepared
Statement
objects. It is implementation defined whether a DBMS
prepare operation takes place immediately when the Connection
method prepareStatement
or prepareCall
is invoked.
For maximum portability, setSchema
should be called before a
Statement
is created or prepared.
schema
- the name of a schema in which to workSQLException
- if a database access error occurs
or this method is called on a closed connectiongetSchema()
String getSchema() throws SQLException
Connection
object's current schema name.null
if there is noneSQLException
- if a database access error occurs
or this method is called on a closed connectionsetSchema(java.lang.String)
void abort(Executor executor) throws SQLException
abort
results in:
SQLException
.
Calling abort
marks the connection closed and releases any
resources. Calling abort
on a closed connection is a
no-op.
It is possible that the aborting and releasing of the resources that are
held by the connection can take an extended period of time. When the
abort
method returns, the connection will have been marked as
closed and the Executor
that was passed as a parameter to abort
may still be executing tasks to release resources.
This method checks to see that there is an SQLPermission
object before allowing the method to proceed. If a
SecurityManager
exists and its
checkPermission
method denies calling abort
,
this method throws a
java.lang.SecurityException
.
executor
- The Executor
implementation which will
be used by abort
.SQLException
- if a database access error occurs or
the executor
is null
,SecurityException
- if a security manager exists and its
checkPermission
method denies calling abort
SecurityManager.checkPermission(java.security.Permission)
,
Executor
void setNetworkTimeout(Executor executor, int milliseconds) throws SQLException
Connection
or
objects created from the Connection
will wait for the database to reply to any one request. If any
request remains unanswered, the waiting method will
return with a SQLException
, and the Connection
or objects created from the Connection
will be marked as
closed. Any subsequent use of
the objects, with the exception of the close
,
isClosed
or Connection.isValid
methods, will result in a SQLException
.
Note: This method is intended to address a rare but serious
condition where network partitions can cause threads issuing JDBC calls
to hang uninterruptedly in socket reads, until the OS TCP-TIMEOUT
(typically 10 minutes). This method is related to the
abort()
method which provides an administrator
thread a means to free any such threads in cases where the
JDBC connection is accessible to the administrator thread.
The setNetworkTimeout
method will cover cases where
there is no administrator thread, or it has no access to the
connection. This method is severe in it's effects, and should be
given a high enough value so it is never triggered before any more
normal timeouts, such as transaction timeouts.
JDBC driver implementations may also choose to support the
setNetworkTimeout
method to impose a limit on database
response time, in environments where no network is present.
Drivers may internally implement some or all of their API calls with multiple internal driver-database transmissions, and it is left to the driver implementation to determine whether the limit will be applied always to the response to the API call, or to any single request made during the API call.
This method can be invoked more than once, such as to set a limit for an area of JDBC code, and to reset to the default on exit from this area. Invocation of this method has no impact on already outstanding requests.
The Statement.setQueryTimeout()
timeout value is independent of the
timeout value specified in setNetworkTimeout
. If the query timeout
expires before the network timeout then the
statement execution will be canceled. If the network is still
active the result will be that both the statement and connection
are still usable. However if the network timeout expires before
the query timeout or if the statement timeout fails due to network
problems, the connection will be marked as closed, any resources held by
the connection will be released and both the connection and
statement will be unusable.
When the driver determines that the setNetworkTimeout
timeout
value has expired, the JDBC driver marks the connection
closed and releases any resources held by the connection.
This method checks to see that there is an SQLPermission
object before allowing the method to proceed. If a
SecurityManager
exists and its
checkPermission
method denies calling
setNetworkTimeout
, this method throws a
java.lang.SecurityException
.
executor
- The Executor
implementation which will
be used by setNetworkTimeout
.milliseconds
- The time in milliseconds to wait for the database
operation
to complete. If the JDBC driver does not support milliseconds, the
JDBC driver will round the value up to the nearest second. If the
timeout period expires before the operation
completes, a SQLException will be thrown.
A value of 0 indicates that there is not timeout for database operations.SQLException
- if a database access error occurs, this
method is called on a closed connection,
the executor
is null
,
or the value specified for seconds
is less than 0.SecurityException
- if a security manager exists and its
checkPermission
method denies calling
setNetworkTimeout
.SQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this methodSecurityManager.checkPermission(java.security.Permission)
,
Statement.setQueryTimeout(int)
,
getNetworkTimeout()
,
abort(java.util.concurrent.Executor)
,
Executor
int getNetworkTimeout() throws SQLException
SQLException
is thrown.SQLException
- if a database access error occurs or
this method is called on a closed Connection
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException
- if the JDBC driver does not support
this methodsetNetworkTimeout(java.util.concurrent.Executor, int)
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About FIEM With a continuing dedication to the pursuit of excellence in teaching & providing knowledge, the Future Institute of Engineering & Management offers unmatched learning experience for students, across a broad spectrum of academics. The Future Institute of Engineering and Management aims at creating highly trained technical manpower in different disciplines of Engineering and Technology, and professional managers in the fields of General Management. Both Future Institute of Engineering & Management (FIEM) and its component Future Business School (FBS) are managed by Future Education and Research Trust, which have a common Board of Governors & an Academic Council. In addition, they have their respective Boards of Advisers.


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TEST - Top 10
ODI - Top 10
T20 - Top 10
Positions |
Rating |
Native |
Name |
1 |
915 |
Kumar Sangakkara |
|
2 |
888 |
Ab De Villiers |
|
3 |
887 |
Shivnarine Chanderpaul |
|
4 |
873 |
Angelo Mathews |
|
5 |
863 |
Hashim Amla |
|
6 |
858 |
David Warner |
|
7 |
818 |
Younus Khan |
|
8 |
789 |
Joe Root |
|
9 |
783 |
Ross Taylor |
|
10 |
777 |
Mishbah-Ul-Haq |
|
| For more information about rankings visit www.icc-cricket.com/rankings |
|---|
Positions |
Rantings |
Native |
Name |
1 |
887 |
Ab De Villiers |
|
2 |
862 |
Virat Kholi |
|
3 |
828 |
Hashim Amla |
|
4 |
777 |
Shikhar Dhawan |
|
5 |
775 |
Kumar Sangakkara |
|
6 |
771 |
George Bailey |
|
7 |
749 |
Quinton de Kock |
|
8 |
739 |
Tillekeratne Dilshan |
|
9 |
738 |
MS Dhoni |
|
10 |
705 |
Angelo Mathews |
|
| For more information about rankings visit www.icc-cricket.com/rankings |
|---|
Positions |
Ratings |
Native |
Name |
1 |
897 |
Virat Kholi |
|
2 |
870 |
Aaron Finch |
|
3 |
866 |
Alex Hales |
|
4 |
782 |
Brendon McCullum |
|
5 |
707 |
Kusal Perera |
|
6 |
687 |
JP Duminy |
|
7 |
677 |
Suresh Raina |
|
8 |
672 |
Francois du Plessis |
|
9 |
662 |
David Warner |
|
10 |
660 |
Ahmed Shehzad |
|
| For more information about rankings visit www.icc-cricket.com/rankings |
|---|


Computes the grayscale dilation of 4-D input
and 3-D filters
tensors.
tf.compat.v2.nn.dilation2d
tf.nn.dilation2d( input, filters, strides, padding, data_format, dilations, name=None )
The input
tensor has shape [batch, in_height, in_width, depth]
and the
filters
tensor has shape [filter_height, filter_width, depth]
, i.e., each
input channel is processed independently of the others with its own
structuring function. The output
tensor has shape
[batch, out_height, out_width, depth]
. The spatial dimensions of the output
tensor depend on the padding
algorithm. We currently only support the
default "NHWC" data_format
.
In detail, the grayscale morphological 2-D dilation is the max-sum correlation
(for consistency with conv2d
, we use unmirrored filters):
output[b, y, x, c] = max_{dy, dx} input[b, strides[1] * y + rates[1] * dy, strides[2] * x + rates[2] * dx, c] + filters[dy, dx, c]
Max-pooling is a special case when the filter has size equal to the pooling kernel size and contains all zeros.
Note on duality: The dilation of input
by the filters
is equal to the
negation of the erosion of -input
by the reflected filters
.
input
: A Tensor
. Must be one of the following types: float32
, float64
,
int32
, uint8
, int16
, int8
, int64
, bfloat16
, uint16
, half
,
uint32
, uint64
.
4-D with shape [batch, in_height, in_width, depth]
.filters
: A Tensor
. Must have the same type as input
.
3-D with shape [filter_height, filter_width, depth]
.strides
: A list of ints
that has length >= 4
.
The stride of the sliding window for each dimension of the input
tensor. Must be: [1, stride_height, stride_width, 1]
.padding
: A string
from: "SAME", "VALID"
.
The type of padding algorithm to use.data_format
: A string
, only "NHWC"
is currently supported.dilations
: A list of ints
that has length >= 4
.
The input stride for atrous morphological dilation. Must be:
[1, rate_height, rate_width, 1]
.name
: A name for the operation (optional).A Tensor
. Has the same type as input
.


4 JeM associates responsible for Pulwama blast arrested
by PTIFour associates of terror group Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM), who were responsible for carrying out a blast in Jammu and Kashmir's Pulwama district, have been arrested, police said on Tuesday.
While investigating the terror attack that took place in the Arihal area of Pulwama in July, police learnt about the involvement of a person, Sharik Ahmad, who had been constantly communicating with a foreign militant and making plans to carry out attacks in the area, a police spokesman said.
"Accordingly, Ahmad with the help of three other JeM associates, identified as Aqib Ahmad, Adil Ahmad Mir and Owais Ahmad, conspired and executed the terror attack in Airhal area," he said.
On Monday, the module was busted with the arrest of the all four persons, the spokesman said.
He said the investigation into the case revealed that all the four persons are linked to JeM and played their active part in conspiring and executing the terror attack in Arihal area.
Incriminating material was recovered from their possession and it has been taken into records for the purpose of investigation and to probe their complicity in other terror crimes, the spokesman said, adding further investigation in the case is in progress.


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Event Sink console
This application displays events received by this Event Sink from the Event Source.
Other events
Time
Content
{{e.time | date:'HH:mm:ss'}}
{{e.content}}
Time events
Time
Interval
{{e.time | date:'HH:mm:ss'}}
{{e.interval}}


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I am also working with a different company called Fashion Voula® we have merged companies
Here at Voula®,
We try to give new options every week to fit your needs if there are any problems you can email us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>This designer look here was inspred by zendayas Daya Clothing Line here at Voula®
🚫This website is not up for copyright🚫. If you have any further questions, comments, or concerns feel free to e-mail us. thank you 😄
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pymatgen.electronic_structure.plotter module¶
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class
BSDOSPlotter
(bs_projection='elements', dos_projection='elements', vb_energy_range=4, cb_energy_range=4, fixed_cb_energy=False, egrid_interval=1, font='Times New Roman', axis_fontsize=20, tick_fontsize=15, legend_fontsize=14, bs_legend='best', dos_legend='best', rgb_legend=True, fig_size=(11, 8.5))[source]¶ Bases:
object
A joint, aligned band structure and density of states plot. Contributions from Jan Pohls as well as the online example from Germain Salvato-Vallverdu: http://gvallver.perso.univ-pau.fr/?p=587
Instantiate plotter settings.
Parameters: - bs_projection (str) – “elements” or None
- dos_projection (str) – “elements”, “orbitals”, or None
- vb_energy_range (float) – energy in eV to show of valence bands
- cb_energy_range (float) – energy in eV to show of conduction bands
- fixed_cb_energy (bool) – If true, the cb_energy_range will be interpreted as constant (i.e., no gap correction for cb energy)
- egrid_interval (float) – interval for grid marks
- font (str) – font family
- axis_fontsize (float) – font size for axis
- tick_fontsize (float) – font size for axis tick labels
- legend_fontsize (float) – font size for legends
- bs_legend (str) – matplotlib string location for legend or None
- dos_legend (str) – matplotlib string location for legend or None
- rgb_legend (bool) – (T/F) whether to draw RGB triangle/bar for element proj.
- fig_size (tuple) – dimensions of figure size (width, height)
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get_plot
(bs, dos=None)[source]¶ Get a matplotlib plot object. :param bs: the bandstructure to plot. Projection
data must exist for projected plots.Parameters: dos (Dos) – the Dos to plot. Projection data must exist (i.e., CompleteDos) for projected plots. Returns: matplotlib.pyplot object on which you can call commands like show() and savefig()
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class
BSPlotter
(bs)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Class to plot or get data to facilitate the plot of band structure objects.
Parameters: bs – A BandStructureSymmLine object. -
bs_plot_data
(zero_to_efermi=True)[source]¶ Get the data nicely formatted for a plot
Parameters: zero_to_efermi – Automatically subtract off the Fermi energy from the eigenvalues and plot. Returns: A dictionary of the following format: ticks: A dict with the ‘distances’ at which there is a kpoint (the x axis) and the labels (None if no label). energy: A dict storing bands for spin up and spin down data [{Spin:[band_index][k_point_index]}] as a list (one element for each branch) of energy for each kpoint. The data is stored by branch to facilitate the plotting. vbm: A list of tuples (distance,energy) marking the vbms. The energies are shifted with respect to the fermi level is the option has been selected. cbm: A list of tuples (distance,energy) marking the cbms. The energies are shifted with respect to the fermi level is the option has been selected. lattice: The reciprocal lattice. zero_energy: This is the energy used as zero for the plot. band_gap:A string indicating the band gap and its nature (empty if it’s a metal). is_metal: True if the band structure is metallic (i.e., there is at least one band crossing the fermi level). Return type: dict
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get_plot
(zero_to_efermi=True, ylim=None, smooth=False, vbm_cbm_marker=False, smooth_tol=None)[source]¶ Get a matplotlib object for the bandstructure plot. Blue lines are up spin, red lines are down spin.
Parameters: - zero_to_efermi – Automatically subtract off the Fermi energy from the eigenvalues and plot (E-Ef).
- ylim – Specify the y-axis (energy) limits; by default None let the code choose. It is vbm-4 and cbm+4 if insulator efermi-10 and efermi+10 if metal
- smooth – interpolates the bands by a spline cubic
- smooth_tol (float) – tolerance for fitting spline to band data. Default is None such that no tolerance will be used.
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get_ticks
()[source]¶ Get all ticks and labels for a band structure plot.
Returns: A dictionary with ‘distance’: a list of distance at which ticks should be set and ‘label’: a list of label for each of those ticks. Return type: dict
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plot_compare
(other_plotter, legend=True)[source]¶ plot two band structure for comparison. One is in red the other in blue (no difference in spins). The two band structures need to be defined on the same symmetry lines! and the distance between symmetry lines is the one of the band structure used to build the BSPlotter
Parameters: band structure object defined along the same symmetry lines (another) – Returns: a matplotlib object with both band structures
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save_plot
(filename, img_format='eps', ylim=None, zero_to_efermi=True, smooth=False)[source]¶ Save matplotlib plot to a file.
Parameters: - filename – Filename to write to.
- img_format – Image format to use. Defaults to EPS.
- ylim – Specifies the y-axis limits.
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show
(zero_to_efermi=True, ylim=None, smooth=False, smooth_tol=None)[source]¶ Show the plot using matplotlib.
Parameters: - zero_to_efermi – Automatically subtract off the Fermi energy from the eigenvalues and plot (E-Ef).
- ylim – Specify the y-axis (energy) limits; by default None let the code choose. It is vbm-4 and cbm+4 if insulator efermi-10 and efermi+10 if metal
- smooth – interpolates the bands by a spline cubic
- smooth_tol (float) – tolerance for fitting spline to band data. Default is None such that no tolerance will be used.
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class
BSPlotterProjected
(bs)[source]¶ Bases:
pymatgen.electronic_structure.plotter.BSPlotter
Class to plot or get data to facilitate the plot of band structure objects projected along orbitals, elements or sites.
Parameters: bs – A BandStructureSymmLine object with projections. -
get_elt_projected_plots
(zero_to_efermi=True, ylim=None, vbm_cbm_marker=False)[source]¶ Method returning a plot composed of subplots along different elements
Returns: a pylab object with different subfigures for each projection The blue and red colors are for spin up and spin down The bigger the red or blue dot in the band structure the higher character for the corresponding element and orbital
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get_elt_projected_plots_color
(zero_to_efermi=True, elt_ordered=None)[source]¶ returns a pylab plot object with one plot where the band structure line color depends on the character of the band (along different elements). Each element is associated with red, green or blue and the corresponding rgb color depending on the character of the band is used. The method can only deal with binary and ternary compounds
spin up and spin down are differientiated by a ‘-‘ and a ‘–’ line
Parameters: elt_ordered – A list of Element ordered. The first one is red, second green, last blue Returns: a pylab object
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get_projected_plots_dots
(dictio, zero_to_efermi=True, ylim=None, vbm_cbm_marker=False)[source]¶ Method returning a plot composed of subplots along different elements and orbitals.
Parameters: dictio – The element and orbitals you want a projection on. The format is {Element:[Orbitals]} for instance {‘Cu’:[‘d’,’s’],’O’:[‘p’]} will give projections for Cu on d and s orbitals and on oxygen p. Returns: a pylab object with different subfigures for each projection The blue and red colors are for spin up and spin down. The bigger the red or blue dot in the band structure the higher character for the corresponding element and orbital.
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get_projected_plots_dots_patom_pmorb
(dictio, dictpa, sum_atoms=None, sum_morbs=None, zero_to_efermi=True, ylim=None, vbm_cbm_marker=False, selected_branches=None, w_h_size=(12, 8), num_column=None)[source]¶ Method returns a plot composed of subplots for different atoms and orbitals (subshell orbitals such as ‘s’, ‘p’, ‘d’ and ‘f’ defined by azimuthal quantum numbers l = 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively or individual orbitals like ‘px’, ‘py’ and ‘pz’ defined by magnetic quantum numbers m = -1, 1 and 0, respectively). This is an extension of “get_projected_plots_dots” method.
Parameters: - dictio – The elements and the orbitals you need to project on. The format is {Element:[Orbitals]}, for instance: {‘Cu’:[‘dxy’,’s’,’px’],’O’:[‘px’,’py’,’pz’]} will give projections for Cu on orbitals dxy, s, px and for O on orbitals px, py, pz. If you want to sum over all individual orbitals of subshell orbitals, for example, ‘px’, ‘py’ and ‘pz’ of O, just simply set {‘Cu’:[‘dxy’,’s’,’px’],’O’:[‘p’]} and set sum_morbs (see explanations below) as {‘O’:[p],…}. Otherwise, you will get an error.
- dictpa – The elements and their sites (defined by site numbers) you need to project on. The format is {Element: [Site numbers]}, for instance: {‘Cu’:[1,5],’O’:[3,4]} will give projections for Cu on site-1 and on site-5, O on site-3 and on site-4 in the cell. Attention: The correct site numbers of atoms are consistent with themselves in the structure computed. Normally, the structure should be totally similar with POSCAR file, however, sometimes VASP can rotate or translate the cell. Thus, it would be safe if using Vasprun class to get the final_structure and as a result, correct index numbers of atoms.
- sum_atoms –
Sum projection of the similar atoms together (e.g.: Cu on site-1 and Cu on site-5). The format is {Element: [Site numbers]}, for instance:
{‘Cu’: [1,5], ‘O’: [3,4]} means summing projections over Cu on site-1 and Cu on site-5 and O on site-3 and on site-4. If you do not want to use this functional, just turn it off by setting sum_atoms = None. - sum_morbs – Sum projections of individual orbitals of similar atoms together (e.g.: ‘dxy’ and ‘dxz’). The format is {Element: [individual orbitals]}, for instance: {‘Cu’: [‘dxy’, ‘dxz’], ‘O’: [‘px’, ‘py’]} means summing projections over ‘dxy’ and ‘dxz’ of Cu and ‘px’ and ‘py’ of O. If you do not want to use this functional, just turn it off by setting sum_morbs = None.
- selected_branches – The index of symmetry lines you chose for plotting. This can be useful when the number of symmetry lines (in KPOINTS file) are manny while you only want to show for certain ones. The format is [index of line], for instance: [1, 3, 4] means you just need to do projection along lines number 1, 3 and 4 while neglecting lines number 2 and so on. By default, this is None type and all symmetry lines will be plotted.
- w_h_size – This variable help you to control the width and height of figure. By default, width = 12 and height = 8 (inches). The width/height ratio is kept the same for subfigures and the size of each depends on how many number of subfigures are plotted.
- num_column – This variable help you to manage how the subfigures are arranged in the figure by setting up the number of columns of subfigures. The value should be an int number. For example, num_column = 3 means you want to plot subfigures in 3 columns. By default, num_column = None and subfigures are aligned in 2 columns.
Returns: A pylab object with different subfigures for different projections. The blue and red colors lines are bands for spin up and spin down. The green and cyan dots are projections for spin up and spin down. The bigger the green or cyan dots in the projected band structures, the higher character for the corresponding elements and orbitals. List of individual orbitals and their numbers (set up by VASP and no special meaning): s = 0; py = 1 pz = 2 px = 3; dxy = 4 dyz = 5 dz2 = 6 dxz = 7 dx2 = 8; f_3 = 9 f_2 = 10 f_1 = 11 f0 = 12 f1 = 13 f2 = 14 f3 = 15
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class
BoltztrapPlotter
(bz)[source]¶ Bases:
object
class containing methods to plot the data from Boltztrap.
Parameters: bz – a BoltztrapAnalyzer object -
plot_carriers
(temp=300)[source]¶ Plot the carrier concentration in function of Fermi level
Parameters: temp – the temperature Returns: a matplotlib object
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plot_complexity_factor_mu
(temps=[300], output='average', Lambda=0.5)[source]¶ Plot respect to the chemical potential of the Fermi surface complexity factor calculated as explained in Ref. Gibbs, Z. M. et al., Effective mass and fermi surface complexity factor from ab initio band structure calculations. npj Computational Materials 3, 8 (2017).
Parameters: - output – ‘average’ returns the complexity factor calculated using the average of the three diagonal components of the seebeck and conductivity tensors. ‘tensor’ returns the complexity factor respect to the three diagonal components of seebeck and conductivity tensors.
- temps – list of temperatures of calculated seebeck and conductivity.
- Lambda – fitting parameter used to model the scattering (0.5 means constant relaxation time).
Returns: a matplotlib object
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plot_conductivity_dop
(temps='all', output='average', relaxation_time=1e-14)[source]¶ Plot the conductivity in function of doping levels for different temperatures.
Parameters: - temps – the default ‘all’ plots all the temperatures in the analyzer. Specify a list of temperatures if you want to plot only some.
- output – with ‘average’ you get an average of the three directions with ‘eigs’ you get all the three directions.
- relaxation_time – specify a constant relaxation time value
Returns: a matplotlib object
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plot_conductivity_mu
(temp=600, output='eig', relaxation_time=1e-14, xlim=None)[source]¶ Plot the conductivity in function of Fermi level. Semi-log plot
Parameters: - temp – the temperature
- xlim – a list of min and max fermi energy by default (0, and band gap)
- tau – A relaxation time in s. By default none and the plot is by units of relaxation time
Returns: a matplotlib object
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plot_conductivity_temp
(doping='all', output='average', relaxation_time=1e-14)[source]¶ Plot the conductivity in function of temperature for different doping levels.
Parameters: - dopings – the default ‘all’ plots all the doping levels in the analyzer. Specify a list of doping levels if you want to plot only some.
- output – with ‘average’ you get an average of the three directions with ‘eigs’ you get all the three directions.
- relaxation_time – specify a constant relaxation time value
Returns: a matplotlib object
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plot_eff_mass_dop
(temps='all', output='average')[source]¶ Plot the average effective mass in function of doping levels for different temperatures.
Parameters: - temps – the default ‘all’ plots all the temperatures in the analyzer. Specify a list of temperatures if you want to plot only some.
- output – with ‘average’ you get an average of the three directions with ‘eigs’ you get all the three directions.
- relaxation_time – specify a constant relaxation time value
Returns: a matplotlib object
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plot_eff_mass_temp
(doping='all', output='average')[source]¶ Plot the average effective mass in function of temperature for different doping levels.
Parameters: - dopings – the default ‘all’ plots all the doping levels in the analyzer. Specify a list of doping levels if you want to plot only some.
- output – with ‘average’ you get an average of the three directions with ‘eigs’ you get all the three directions.
Returns: a matplotlib object
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plot_hall_carriers
(temp=300)[source]¶ Plot the Hall carrier concentration in function of Fermi level
Parameters: temp – the temperature Returns: a matplotlib object
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plot_power_factor_dop
(temps='all', output='average', relaxation_time=1e-14)[source]¶ Plot the Power Factor in function of doping levels for different temperatures.
Parameters: - temps – the default ‘all’ plots all the temperatures in the analyzer. Specify a list of temperatures if you want to plot only some.
- output – with ‘average’ you get an average of the three directions with ‘eigs’ you get all the three directions.
- relaxation_time – specify a constant relaxation time value
Returns: a matplotlib object
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plot_power_factor_mu
(temp=600, output='eig', relaxation_time=1e-14, xlim=None)[source]¶ Plot the power factor in function of Fermi level. Semi-log plot
Parameters: - temp – the temperature
- xlim – a list of min and max fermi energy by default (0, and band gap)
- tau – A relaxation time in s. By default none and the plot is by units of relaxation time
Returns: a matplotlib object
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plot_power_factor_temp
(doping='all', output='average', relaxation_time=1e-14)[source]¶ Plot the Power Factor in function of temperature for different doping levels.
Parameters: - dopings – the default ‘all’ plots all the doping levels in the analyzer. Specify a list of doping levels if you want to plot only some.
- output – with ‘average’ you get an average of the three directions with ‘eigs’ you get all the three directions.
- relaxation_time – specify a constant relaxation time value
Returns: a matplotlib object
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plot_seebeck_dop
(temps='all', output='average')[source]¶ Plot the Seebeck in function of doping levels for different temperatures.
Parameters: - temps – the default ‘all’ plots all the temperatures in the analyzer. Specify a list of temperatures if you want to plot only some.
- output – with ‘average’ you get an average of the three directions with ‘eigs’ you get all the three directions.
Returns: a matplotlib object
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plot_seebeck_eff_mass_mu
(temps=[300], output='average', Lambda=0.5)[source]¶ Plot respect to the chemical potential of the Seebeck effective mass calculated as explained in Ref. Gibbs, Z. M. et al., Effective mass and fermi surface complexity factor from ab initio band structure calculations. npj Computational Materials 3, 8 (2017).
Parameters: - output – ‘average’ returns the seebeck effective mass calculated using the average of the three diagonal components of the seebeck tensor. ‘tensor’ returns the seebeck effective mass respect to the three diagonal components of the seebeck tensor.
- temps – list of temperatures of calculated seebeck.
- Lambda – fitting parameter used to model the scattering (0.5 means constant relaxation time).
Returns: a matplotlib object
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plot_seebeck_mu
(temp=600, output='eig', xlim=None)[source]¶ Plot the seebeck coefficient in function of Fermi level
Parameters: - temp – the temperature
- xlim – a list of min and max fermi energy by default (0, and band gap)
Returns: a matplotlib object
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plot_seebeck_temp
(doping='all', output='average')[source]¶ Plot the Seebeck coefficient in function of temperature for different doping levels.
Parameters: - dopings – the default ‘all’ plots all the doping levels in the analyzer. Specify a list of doping levels if you want to plot only some.
- output – with ‘average’ you get an average of the three directions with ‘eigs’ you get all the three directions.
Returns: a matplotlib object
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plot_zt_dop
(temps='all', output='average', relaxation_time=1e-14)[source]¶ Plot the figure of merit zT in function of doping levels for different temperatures.
Parameters: - temps – the default ‘all’ plots all the temperatures in the analyzer. Specify a list of temperatures if you want to plot only some.
- output – with ‘average’ you get an average of the three directions with ‘eigs’ you get all the three directions.
- relaxation_time – specify a constant relaxation time value
Returns: a matplotlib object
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plot_zt_mu
(temp=600, output='eig', relaxation_time=1e-14, xlim=None)[source]¶ Plot the ZT in function of Fermi level.
Parameters: - temp – the temperature
- xlim – a list of min and max fermi energy by default (0, and band gap)
- tau – A relaxation time in s. By default none and the plot is by units of relaxation time
Returns: a matplotlib object
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plot_zt_temp
(doping='all', output='average', relaxation_time=1e-14)[source]¶ Plot the figure of merit zT in function of temperature for different doping levels.
Parameters: - dopings – the default ‘all’ plots all the doping levels in the analyzer. Specify a list of doping levels if you want to plot only some.
- output – with ‘average’ you get an average of the three directions with ‘eigs’ you get all the three directions.
- relaxation_time – specify a constant relaxation time value
Returns: a matplotlib object
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class
CohpPlotter
(zero_at_efermi=True, are_coops=False)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Class for plotting crystal orbital Hamilton populations (COHPs) or crystal orbital overlap populations (COOPs). It is modeled after the DosPlotter object.
- Args/attributes:
- zero_at_efermi: Whether to shift all populations to have zero
- energy at the Fermi level. Defaults to True.
- are_coops: Switch to indicate that these are COOPs, not COHPs.
- Defaults to False for COHPs.
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add_cohp
(label, cohp)[source]¶ Adds a COHP for plotting.
Parameters: - label – Label for the COHP. Must be unique.
- cohp – COHP object.
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add_cohp_dict
(cohp_dict, key_sort_func=None)[source]¶ Adds a dictionary of COHPs with an optional sorting function for the keys.
Parameters: - cohp_dict – dict of the form {label: Cohp}
- key_sort_func – function used to sort the cohp_dict keys.
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get_cohp_dict
()[source]¶ Returns the added COHPs as a json-serializable dict. Note that if you have specified smearing for the COHP plot, the populations returned will be the smeared and not the original populations.
Returns: Dict of COHP data of the form {label: {“efermi”: efermi, “energies”: …, “COHP”: {Spin.up: …}, “ICOHP”: …}}. Return type: dict
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get_plot
(xlim=None, ylim=None, plot_negative=None, integrated=False, invert_axes=True)[source]¶ Get a matplotlib plot showing the COHP.
Parameters: - xlim – Specifies the x-axis limits. Defaults to None for automatic determination.
- ylim – Specifies the y-axis limits. Defaults to None for automatic determination.
- plot_negative – It is common to plot -COHP(E) so that the sign means the same for COOPs and COHPs. Defaults to None for automatic determination: If are_coops is True, this will be set to False, else it will be set to True.
- integrated – Switch to plot ICOHPs. Defaults to False.
- invert_axes – Put the energies onto the y-axis, which is common in chemistry.
Returns: A matplotlib object.
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save_plot
(filename, img_format='eps', xlim=None, ylim=None)[source]¶ Save matplotlib plot to a file.
Parameters: - filename – File name to write to.
- img_format – Image format to use. Defaults to EPS.
- xlim – Specifies the x-axis limits. Defaults to None for automatic determination.
- ylim – Specifies the y-axis limits. Defaults to None for automatic determination.
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class
DosPlotter
(zero_at_efermi=True, stack=False, sigma=None)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Class for plotting DOSs. Note that the interface is extremely flexible given that there are many different ways in which people want to view DOS. The typical usage is:
# Initializes plotter with some optional args. Defaults are usually # fine, plotter = DosPlotter() # Adds a DOS with a label. plotter.add_dos("Total DOS", dos) # Alternatively, you can add a dict of DOSs. This is the typical # form returned by CompleteDos.get_spd/element/others_dos(). plotter.add_dos_dict({"dos1": dos1, "dos2": dos2}) plotter.add_dos_dict(complete_dos.get_spd_dos())
Parameters: - zero_at_efermi – Whether to shift all Dos to have zero energy at the fermi energy. Defaults to True.
- stack – Whether to plot the DOS as a stacked area graph
- key_sort_func – function used to sort the dos_dict keys.
- sigma – A float specifying a standard deviation for Gaussian smearing the DOS for nicer looking plots. Defaults to None for no smearing.
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add_dos
(label, dos)[source]¶ Adds a dos for plotting.
Parameters: - label – label for the DOS. Must be unique.
- dos – Dos object
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add_dos_dict
(dos_dict, key_sort_func=None)[source]¶ Add a dictionary of doses, with an optional sorting function for the keys.
Parameters: - dos_dict – dict of {label: Dos}
- key_sort_func – function used to sort the dos_dict keys.
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get_dos_dict
()[source]¶ Returns the added doses as a json-serializable dict. Note that if you have specified smearing for the DOS plot, the densities returned will be the smeared densities, not the original densities.
Returns: Dict of dos data. Generally of the form {label: {‘energies’:…, ‘densities’: {‘up’:…}, ‘efermi’:efermi}} Return type: dict
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get_plot
(xlim=None, ylim=None)[source]¶ Get a matplotlib plot showing the DOS.
Parameters: - xlim – Specifies the x-axis limits. Set to None for automatic determination.
- ylim – Specifies the y-axis limits.
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save_plot
(filename, img_format='eps', xlim=None, ylim=None)[source]¶ Save matplotlib plot to a file.
Parameters: - filename – Filename to write to.
- img_format – Image format to use. Defaults to EPS.
- xlim – Specifies the x-axis limits. Set to None for automatic determination.
- ylim – Specifies the y-axis limits.
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fold_point
(p, lattice, coords_are_cartesian=False)[source]¶ Folds a point with coordinates p inside the first Brillouin zone of the lattice.
Parameters: - p – coordinates of one point
- lattice – Lattice object used to convert from reciprocal to cartesian coordinates
- coords_are_cartesian – Set to True if you are providing coordinates in cartesian coordinates. Defaults to False.
Returns: The cartesian coordinates folded inside the first Brillouin zone
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plot_brillouin_zone
(bz_lattice, lines=None, labels=None, kpoints=None, fold=False, coords_are_cartesian=False, ax=None, **kwargs)[source]¶ Plots a 3D representation of the Brillouin zone of the structure. Can add to the plot paths, labels and kpoints
Parameters: - bz_lattice – Lattice object of the Brillouin zone
- lines – list of lists of coordinates. Each list represent a different path
- labels – dict containing the label as a key and the coordinates as value.
- kpoints – list of coordinates
- fold – whether the points should be folded inside the first Brillouin Zone. Defaults to False. Requires lattice if True.
- coords_are_cartesian – Set to True if you are providing coordinates in cartesian coordinates. Defaults to False.
- ax – matplotlib
Axes
or None if a new figure should be created. - kwargs – provided by add_fig_kwargs decorator
Returns: matplotlib figure
Keyword arguments controlling the display of the figure:
kwargs Meaning title Title of the plot (Default: None). show True to show the figure (default: True). savefig ”abc.png” or “abc.eps” to save the figure to a file. size_kwargs Dictionary with options passed to fig.set_size_inches e.g. size_kwargs=dict(w=3, h=4) tight_layout True to call fig.tight_layout (default: False) ax_grid True (False) to add (remove) grid from all axes in fig. Default: None i.e. fig is left unchanged. ax_annotate Add labels to subplots e.g. (a), (b). Default: False
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plot_brillouin_zone_from_kpath
(kpath, ax=None, **kwargs)[source]¶ - Gives the plot (as a matplotlib object) of the symmetry line path in
- the Brillouin Zone.
Parameters: - kpath (HighSymmKpath) – a HighSymmKPath object
- ax – matplotlib
Axes
or None if a new figure should be created. - **kwargs – provided by add_fig_kwargs decorator
Returns: matplotlib figure
Keyword arguments controlling the display of the figure:
kwargs Meaning title Title of the plot (Default: None). show True to show the figure (default: True). savefig ”abc.png” or “abc.eps” to save the figure to a file. size_kwargs Dictionary with options passed to fig.set_size_inches e.g. size_kwargs=dict(w=3, h=4) tight_layout True to call fig.tight_layout (default: False) ax_grid True (False) to add (remove) grid from all axes in fig. Default: None i.e. fig is left unchanged. ax_annotate Add labels to subplots e.g. (a), (b). Default: False
-
plot_ellipsoid
(hessian, center, lattice=None, rescale=1.0, ax=None, coords_are_cartesian=False, arrows=False, **kwargs)[source]¶ Plots a 3D ellipsoid rappresenting the Hessian matrix in input. Useful to get a graphical visualization of the effective mass of a band in a single k-point.
Parameters: - hessian – the Hessian matrix
- center – the center of the ellipsoid in reciprocal coords (Default)
- lattice – Lattice object of the Brillouin zone
- rescale – factor for size scaling of the ellipsoid
- ax – matplotlib
Axes
or None if a new figure should be created. - coords_are_cartesian – Set to True if you are providing a center in cartesian coordinates. Defaults to False.
- kwargs – kwargs passed to the matplotlib function ‘plot_wireframe’. Color defaults to blue, rstride and cstride default to 4, alpha defaults to 0.2.
Returns: matplotlib figure and matplotlib ax
- Example of use:
- fig,ax=plot_wigner_seitz(struct.reciprocal_lattice) plot_ellipsoid(hessian,[0.0,0.0,0.0], struct.reciprocal_lattice,ax=ax)
-
plot_fermi_surface
(data, structure, cbm, energy_levels=[], multiple_figure=True, mlab_figure=None, kpoints_dict={}, color=(0, 0, 1), transparency_factor=[], labels_scale_factor=0.05, points_scale_factor=0.02, interative=True)[source]¶ Plot the Fermi surface at specific energy value.
Parameters: - data – energy values in a 3D grid from a CUBE file via read_cube_file function, or from a BoltztrapAnalyzer.fermi_surface_data
- structure – structure object of the material
- energy_levels – list of energy value of the fermi surface. By default 0 eV correspond to the VBM, as in the plot of band structure along symmetry line. Default: max energy value + 0.01 eV
- cbm – Boolean value to specify if the considered band is a conduction band or not
- multiple_figure – if True a figure for each energy level will be shown. If False all the surfaces will be shown in the same figure. In this las case, tune the transparency factor.
- mlab_figure – provide a previous figure to plot a new surface on it.
- kpoints_dict – dictionary of kpoints to show in the plot. example: {“K”:[0.5,0.0,0.5]}, where the coords are fractional.
- color – tuple (r,g,b) of integers to define the color of the surface.
- transparency_factor – list of values in the range [0,1] to tune the opacity of the surfaces.
- labels_scale_factor – factor to tune the size of the kpoint labels
- points_scale_factor – factor to tune the size of the kpoint points
- interative – if True an interactive figure will be shown. If False a non interactive figure will be shown, but it is possible to plot other surfaces on the same figure. To make it interactive, run mlab.show().
Returns: a Mayavi figure and a mlab module to control the plot.
- Note: Experimental.
- Please, double check the surface shown by using some other software and report issues.
-
plot_labels
(labels, lattice=None, coords_are_cartesian=False, ax=None, **kwargs)[source]¶ Adds labels to a matplotlib Axes
Parameters: - labels – dict containing the label as a key and the coordinates as value.
- lattice – Lattice object used to convert from reciprocal to cartesian coordinates
- coords_are_cartesian – Set to True if you are providing. coordinates in cartesian coordinates. Defaults to False. Requires lattice if False.
- ax – matplotlib
Axes
or None if a new figure should be created. - kwargs – kwargs passed to the matplotlib function ‘text’. Color defaults to blue and size to 25.
Returns: matplotlib figure and matplotlib ax
-
plot_lattice_vectors
(lattice, ax=None, **kwargs)[source]¶ Adds the basis vectors of the lattice provided to a matplotlib Axes
Parameters: - lattice – Lattice object
- ax – matplotlib
Axes
or None if a new figure should be created. - kwargs – kwargs passed to the matplotlib function ‘plot’. Color defaults to green and linewidth to 3.
Returns: matplotlib figure and matplotlib ax
-
plot_path
(line, lattice=None, coords_are_cartesian=False, ax=None, **kwargs)[source]¶ Adds a line passing through the coordinates listed in ‘line’ to a matplotlib Axes
Parameters: - line – list of coordinates.
- lattice – Lattice object used to convert from reciprocal to cartesian coordinates
- coords_are_cartesian – Set to True if you are providing coordinates in cartesian coordinates. Defaults to False. Requires lattice if False.
- ax – matplotlib
Axes
or None if a new figure should be created. - kwargs – kwargs passed to the matplotlib function ‘plot’. Color defaults to red and linewidth to 3.
Returns: matplotlib figure and matplotlib ax
-
plot_points
(points, lattice=None, coords_are_cartesian=False, fold=False, ax=None, **kwargs)[source]¶ Adds Points to a matplotlib Axes
Parameters: - points – list of coordinates
- lattice – Lattice object used to convert from reciprocal to cartesian coordinates
- coords_are_cartesian – Set to True if you are providing coordinates in cartesian coordinates. Defaults to False. Requires lattice if False.
- fold – whether the points should be folded inside the first Brillouin Zone. Defaults to False. Requires lattice if True.
- ax – matplotlib
Axes
or None if a new figure should be created. - kwargs – kwargs passed to the matplotlib function ‘scatter’. Color defaults to blue
Returns: matplotlib figure and matplotlib ax
-
plot_wigner_seitz
(lattice, ax=None, **kwargs)[source]¶ Adds the skeleton of the Wigner-Seitz cell of the lattice to a matplotlib Axes
Parameters: - lattice – Lattice object
- ax – matplotlib
Axes
or None if a new figure should be created. - kwargs – kwargs passed to the matplotlib function ‘plot’. Color defaults to black and linewidth to 1.
Returns: matplotlib figure and matplotlib ax


Yes
Containing a sequence of one or more stage directives, the stages
section is where
the bulk of the "work" described by a Pipeline will be located. At a minimum it
is recommended that stages
contain at least one stage directive for each
discrete part of the continuous delivery process, such as Build, Test, and
Deploy.
Required |
Yes |
|---|---|
Parameters |
None |
Allowed |
Only once, inside the |


---
layout: post
title: I'm kind of a bigger deal around here now
date: '2007-05-10T10:55:00.000-05:00'
author: Don Seiler
tags:
- blogs
- oracle
- technorati
modified_time: '2010-11-19T22:48:46.552-06:00'
blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7032512792942232766.post-1009520820079390782
blogger_orig_url: http://www.seiler.us/2007/05/i-kind-of-bigger-deal-around-here-now.html
---
Eddie Awad recently posted about some new Technorati "Authority" rankings for blogs included in his Oracle blog news aggregator, OraNA. Well I gave Eddie the sad puppy-dog-eyes and he graciously has added this blog to the collective.
Now I just need some suckers to add me to their favorites ...