NAME
Flash Tool CLI - interface for communication with Backend.
SYNOPSIS
flash-tool [command] [-options]
DESCRIPTION
Backend clients is the common name for the applications that use the remote message protocol to communicate with the Backend. The purpose of the client is to provide the user with a simple interface to manipulate the mobile platform.
Flash Tool CLI is a simple command line interface that communicates with Backend by sending and receiving requests (commands) supported by remote message protocol. The backend remote protocol accepts requests from flash-tool.
COMMANDS AND OPTIONS
COMMANDS INDEX
BACKEND
disable_auto_initialize
disable_auto_sense
enable_auto_initialize
enable_auto_sense
get_active_profile
get_auto_initialize_status
get_auto_sense_status
get_available_profiles
get_available_security_properties
get_connected_equipments
get_core_dump_location
get_equipment_profile
get_next_connected_equipment
reload_configuration
set_active_profile
set_core_dump_location
set_equipment_profile
set_local_signing
shutdown_backend
trigger_uart_port
CORE DUMP
delete_dump
download_dump
get_auto_delete_status
get_auto_download
get_subscription
set_auto_delete
set_auto_download
set_subscription
EQUIPMENT STORAGE
erase_global_data_set
read_global_data_set
read_global_data_unit
write_global_data_set
write_global_data_unit
FILE SYSTEM
change_access
console
copy_file
create_directory
delete_file
format_volume
list_directory
move_file
properties
volume_properties
check_compatibility
list_modules
FLASH
OTP
SECURITY
get_domain
get_equipment_properties
get_equipment_property
set_domain
set_equipment_property
bind_properties
write_rpmb_key
SYSTEM
authenticate_certificate
authenticate_control_keys
collect_data
deauthenticate
execute_software
get_authentication_state
initialize_equipment
permanent_authentication
reboot_equipment
send_raw_data
shutdown_equipment
init_arb_table
get_device_info
COMMANDS DESCRIPTION
- -help
-
Shows the help message.
Example:
flash-tool -help
- authenticate_certificate -equipment_id <equipment_id> -sign_package_name <sign_package_name> -permanent permanent
-
This command is used to authenticate the user to elevate the rights to perform certain operations on specified equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <sign_package_name> - Name of sign package to use for authentication. <permanent> - Optional flag which is used for Fairbanks and Thorium platform's permanent authentication, accepts true/false.
Example:
flash-tool authenticate_certificate -equipment_id USB0 -sign_package_name SIGN_PACKAGE
- authenticate_control_keys -equipment_id <equipment_id> -key_set <key_set> -permanent permanent
-
This command is used to authenticate the user to elevate the rights to perform certain operations on specified equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <key_set> - A set of control keys to use for authentication. <permanent> - Optional flag which is used for Fairbanks and Thorium platform's permanent authentication, accepts true/false.
Example:
flash-tool.bat authenticate_control_keys -equipment_id USB0 -key_set "{Network Lock Key=5530592768011169,Network Subset Lock Key=1113474185369446,Service Provider Lock Key=0920954133604256,Corporate Lock Key=1330296042918872,Flexible ESL Lock Key=5979950341706796}"
- bind_properties -equipment_id <equipment_id>
-
This command is used to bind the properties previously set with the set_equipment_property command.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment.
Example:
flash-tool bind_properties -equipment_id USB0
- write_rpmb_key -equipment_id <equipment_id>
-
This command is used to store authentication key in RPMB.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment.
Example:
flash-tool write_rpmb_key -equipment_id USB0
- burn_otp -equipment_id <equipment_id> -path <path>
-
This command is used to burn OTP data provided in the specified file to the specified ME.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <path> - Host path to the file from which data will be read.
Example:
flash-tool burn_otp -equipment_id USB0 -path /home/data.otp
- change_access -equipment_id <equipment_id> -target_path <target_path> -access <access>
-
This command is used to change access permissions of specified path on specified equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <target_path> - Target file or directory path in the file system. <access> - Access permissions as an integer value where lowest nine bits represent the read, write and execute permissions (rwx) for owner, group and others, respectively.
| Bit 8 | Bit 7 | Bit 6 | Bit 5 | Bit 4 | Bit 3 | Bit 2 | Bit 1 | Bit 0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R – owner |
W – owner |
X – owner |
R – group |
W – group |
X – group |
R – others |
W – others |
X – others |
Example (access permissions bits are 110100100 = 420):
flash-tool change_access -equipment_id USB0 -target_path /device/volume:/directory/file -access 420
- collect_data -equipment_id <equipment_id> -type <type>
-
This command is used to read out detailed flashing status information from the loader.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <type> - Type of flashing status report: 0: if the debug print channel is redirected to internal RAM memory, then the command returns printout data that is extracted from internal buffers. 1: the command returns measurement data. 2: the command returns detailed flashing information from the last flashing.
Example:
flash-tool collect_data -equipment_id USB0 -type 2
- console
-
Starts Flash Tool Console. For mobile device access is used path format <EQUIPMENT-ID>-</SOME/PATH/IN/ME>. For absolute path please specify Equipment ID. For your computer PC should be specifyed instead.
Available commands:
| Command | Function | Example |
|---|---|---|
CD <TARGET_DIRECTORY> |
Change current directory |
cd COM1-/flash0/cabs0:/afs |
LS <TARGET_DIRECTORY> |
List directory |
ls ./settings |
DEV |
Print available devices |
dev |
MV <SOURCE> <TARGET> |
Move file |
mv COM1-/flash0/cabs0:/afs/test.txt COM1-/flash0/cabs0:/afs/test/test.txt |
RM <TARGET> |
Remove file |
rm COM1-/flash0/cabs0:/afs/test.txt |
CP <TARGET> |
Copy file |
mv COM1-/flash0/cabs0:/afs/test.txt COM1-/flash0/cabs0:/afs/test/test.txt |
MKDIR <TARGET_DIRECTORY> |
Create directory |
mkdir COM1-/flash0/cabs0:/afs/test |
PROPERTIES <TARGET_FILE> |
Print properties of file |
properties COM1-/flash0/cabs0:/afs/test.txt |
VOLUME <TARGET_VOLUME> |
Print volume information |
volume COM1-/flash0/cabs0:/afs |
FORMAT <TARGET_VOLUME> |
Format volume |
format COM1-/flash0/cabs0:/afs |
CHMOD <TARGET> <ACCESS_LEVEL> |
Change user access permissions |
chmod COM1-/flash0/cabs0:/afs/test.txt 420 |
EXIT |
Exit console |
exit |
- copy_file -equipment_id <equipment_id> -source_path <source_path> -destination_path <destination_path>
-
This command is used to copy file from the source path to the destination path on specified equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <source_path> - Source file path in the file system. <destination_path> - Destination directory path in the file system.
Example:
Copy file from PC to ME: flash-tool copy_file -equipment_id USB0 -source_path PC:/volume/directory/file -destination_path /device/volume:/directory Copy file from ME to PC: flash-tool copy_file -equipment_id USB0 -source_path /device/volume:/directory/file -destination_path PC:/volume/directory Copy file from ME to ME: flash-tool copy_file -equipment_id USB0 -source_path /device/volume:/directory/file -destination_path /device/volume:/directory_2
- create_directory -equipment_id <equipment_id> -target_path <target_path>
-
This command is used to create directory in specified path on specified equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <target_path> - Target directory path in the file system.
Example:
flash-tool create_directory -equipment_id USB0 -target_path /device/volume:/new_directory
- check_compatibility -equipment_id <equipment_id> -path <source_path>
-
This command is used to check compatibility between installed load modules on specified equipment and elf file in specified path.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <source_path> - Source file path of elf file in the file system.
Example:
flash-tool check_compatibility -equipment_id USB0 -path C:\path\to\file.elf
- list_modules -equipment_id <equipment_id>
-
This command is used to list installed load modules in specified equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment.
Example:
flash-tool list_modules -equipment_id USB0
- deauthenticate -equipment_id <equipment_id>
-
This command is used for deauthentication on thorium/fairbanks platforms.
Example:
flash-tool deauthenticate
- delete_dump -dump_file_name <dump_file_name> -equipment_id <equipment_id>
-
This command is used to delete dump files on specified equipment.
<dump_file_name> - The file name of the dump file to delete. <equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment.
Example:
flash-tool delete_dump -dump_file_name coredump1
- delete_file -equipment_id <equipment_id> -target_path <target_path>
-
This command is used to delete file or empty directory in specified path on specified equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <target_path> - Target file or directory path in the file system.
Example:
flash-tool delete_file -equipment_id USB0 -target_path /device/volume:/directory/file
- (not implemented) disable_auto_initialize
-
This command is used to signal the backend not to initialize any mobile equipment that can be in an uninitialized state.
- disable_auto_sense
-
This command is used to signal the backend not to initialize any mobile equipment that can be in an uninitialized state.
Example:
flash-tool disable_auto_sense
- download_dump -dump_file_name <dump_file_name> -equipment_id <equipment_id>
-
This command is used to download dump files from specified equipment.
<dump_file_name> - The file name of the dump file to download. <equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment.
Example:
flash-tool download_dump -dump_file_name coredump1
- dump_area -area_path <area_path> -equipment_id <equipment_id> -length <length> -offset <offset> -path <path> -skip_redundant_area <skip_redundant_area> -include_bad_blocks <include_bad_blocks>
-
This command is used to dump an area of the flash from the specified equipment to specified path.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <area_path> - Absolute path of flash area. <offset> - An offset inside the flash area to be dumped. <length> - Number of bytes to be dumped or "ALL" to specify the maximal number. <path> - Host path to file where the dumped data is to be stored. <skip_redundant_area> - Optional parameter which determines if redundant area should be skipped or not (true/false) <include_bad_blocks> - Optional parameter which determines if bad blocks should be included or not(true/false)
Example:
flash-tool dump_area -area_path /flash0 -equipment_id USB0 -length 0x400000 -offset 0 -path c:\temp\dump.bin -skip_redundant_area true
- (not implemented) enable_auto_initialize
-
This command is used to signal the backend to auto-initialize any mobile equipment that can be in an uninitialized state.
- enable_auto_sense
-
This command is used to signal the server backend to start looking for new equipment connected to the host.
Example:
flash-tool enable_auto_sense
- erase_area -area_path <area_path> -equipment_id <equipment_id> -length <length> -offset <offset>
-
This command is used to erase an area (or part of area) on the flash on the specified equipment.
<area_path> - Absolute path of flash area. <equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <offset> - An offset inside the flash area to be erased. <length> - Number of bytes to be erased or "ALL" to specify the maximal number.
Example:
flash-tool erase_area -area_path /flash0/cabs1 -equipment_id USB0 -length 1024 -offset 0
- set_enhanced_area -area_path <area_path> -equipment_id <equipment_id> -length <length> -offset <offset>
-
This command is used to create the enhanced area on the specified equipment.
<area_path> - Absolute path of flash area. <equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <offset> - Start address in bytes, must be Write Protected Group size aligned. <length> - Size of enhanced area in bytes, must be Write Protected Group size aligned. (512kb,8mb)
Example:
flash-tool set_enhanced_area -area_path /flash0 -equipment_id USB0 -offset 0 -length 524288
- erase_global_data_set -equipment_id <equipment_id> -storage_id <storage_id>
-
This command is used to erase a set of global data storage on connected equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <storage_id> - Storage identifier.
Example:
flash-tool erase_global_data_set -equipment_id USB0 -storage_id /flash0
- execute_software -equipment_id <equipment_id> -path <path>
-
This command is used to download and execute specified software on specified equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <path> - Host path or equipment path to executable software file.
- format_volume -equipment_id <equipment_id> -device_path <device_path>
-
This command is used to format specified file system volume on specified equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <device_path> - Device path of the file system volume.
Example:
flash-tool format_volume -equipment_id USB0 -device_path /device/volume
- get_active_profile
-
This command is used to retrieve the current active profile on the server backend.
Example:
flash-tool get_active_profile
- get_auto_delete_status
-
This command is used to retrieve the status of the "auto delete dump file" feature.
- get_authentication_state -equipment_id <equipment_id>
-
This command is used for getting authentication status (permanent/regular authentication) from the device.
Example:
flash-tool get_authentication_state
- get_auto_download
-
This command is used to retrieve the status of the "auto download dump file" feature.
Example:
flash-tool get_auto_download
- (not implemented) get_auto_initialize_status
-
This command is used to retrieve the current status of the "auto-initialize" feature.
- get_auto_sense_status
-
This command is used to retrieve the current status for the "auto sense" (if the backend is to accept connections from mobile equipments or not).
Example:
flash-tool get_auto_sense_status
- get_available_profiles -wait <wait>
-
This command is used to retrieve a list of available profiles known to the server backend.
<wait> - Wait for backend if all profiles are not loaded yet.
Example:
flash-tool get_available_profiles -wait y
- get_available_security_properties
-
This command retrieves security properties defined in active profile.
Example:
flash-tool get_available_security_properties
- get_connected_equipments
-
This command is used to retrieve a list of currently connected equipment.
Example:
flash-tool get_connected_equipments
- get_core_dump_location
-
This command is used to retrieve the location where the backend server stores any core dump data.
- get_domain -equipment_id <equipment_id>
-
This command is used to retrieve the security domain for connected equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment.
Example:
flash-tool get_domain -equipment_id USB0
- get_equipment_profile -equipment_id <equipment_id>
-
This command is used to get the active profile for a connected equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment.
Example:
flash-tool get_equipment_profile -equipment_id USB0
- get_equipment_properties -equipment_id <equipment_id>
-
This command is used to retrieve a list of properties of specified equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment.
Example:
flash-tool get_equipment_properties -equipment_id USB0
- get_equipment_property -equipment_id <equipment_id> -equipment_property <equipment_property>
-
This command is used to retrieve property of given ID or name of specified equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <equipment_property> - The ID or name of property.
Example:
Via name: flash-tool get_equipment_property -equipment_id USB0 -equipment_property IMEI Via ID: flash-tool get_equipment_property -equipment_id USB0 -equipment_property 0x01
- get_next_connected_equipment
-
This command is used to trigger the backend to notify the client when new equipment is connected.
Example:
flash-tool get_next_connected_equipment
- get_subscription -subscriber_ip <subscriber_ip> -subscriber_port <subscriber_port>
-
This command is used to list the subscription for the provided IP and port.
Example:
flash-tool get_subscription -subscriber_ip localhost -subscriber_port 6667
- (not implemented) initialize_equipment -equipment_id <equipment_id>
-
This command is used to initialize any mobile equipment that can be in an uninitialized state.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment.
- list_devices -equipment_id <equipment_id>
-
This command is used to let the loader retrieve detected block devices in the ME
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment.
Example:
flash-tool list_devices -equipment_id USB0
- list_directory -equipment_id <equipment_id> -target_path <target_path>
-
This command is used to list files and directories in specified path on specified equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <target_path> - Target directory path in the file system.
Example:
flash-tool list_directory -equipment_id USB0 -target_path /device/volume:/directory
- move_file -equipment_id <equipment_id> -source_path <source_path> -destination_path <destination_path>
-
This command is used to move or rename file from the source path to the destination path on specified equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <source_path> - Source file path in the file system. <destination_path> - Destination file or directory path in the file system.
Example:
flash-tool move_file -equipment_id USB0 -source_path /device/volume:/directory/file -destination_path /device/volume:/directory_2
- permanent_authentication -equipment_id <equipment_id>
-
This command is used for permanent authentication on Mont Blanc platform.
Example:
flash-tool permanent_authentication
- process_file -equipment_id <equipment_id> -path <path>
-
This command is used to let the loader executing on the equipment process a specified file. In most cases it is to perform a flash operation.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <path> - Host path or equipment path to file to process (flash).
Example:
flash-tool process_file -equipment_id USB0 -path /home/Apps/soft_file.zip
- properties -equipment_id <equipment_id> -target_path <target_path>
-
This command is used to retrieve properties of file or directory in specified path on specified equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <target_path> - Target file or directory path in the file system.
Example:
flash-tool properties -equipment_id USB0 -target_path /device/volume:/directory/file
- read_global_data_set -equipment_id <equipment_id> -storage_id <storage_id> -path <path>
-
This command is used to read a set of global data storage on connected equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <storage_id> - Storage identifier. <path> - Host path to file containing global data to read.
Example:
flash-tool read_global_data_set -equipment_id USB0 -storage_id /flash0 -path /flash0/gdfsRead.gdf
- read_global_data_unit -equipment_id <equipment_id> -storage_id <storage_id> -unit_id <unit_id>
-
This command is used to read a single unit of parameter storage data from specified storage on connected equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <storage_id> - Storage identifier. <unit_id> - Unit identifier. <unit_data> - Data (bytes) read from global data unit (for example<PHONE_NUMBER>ABCDEF).
Example:
flash-tool read_global_data_unit -equipment_id USB0 -storage_id /flash0 -unit_id 1
- read_otp -equipment_id <equipment_id> -path <path>
-
This command is used to read OTP data from the specified ME and write it to the specified file.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <path> - Host path to the file where data will be written.
Example:
flash-tool read_otp -equipment_id USB0 -path /home/data.otp
- reboot_equipment -equipment_id <equipment_id> -mode <mode>
-
This command is used to send a reboot command to specified equipment in order for it to reboot in specified mode.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <mode> - Mode of reboot operation: 0: indicates normal restart 1: indicates restart in service mode 2: indicates restart with JTAG debugging enabled 3: indicates restart in service mode and with JTAG debugging enabled
Example:
flash-tool reboot_equipment -equipment_id USB0 -mode 0
- reload_configuration
-
This command is used to signal the server backend to reload its configuration.
Example:
flash-tool reload_configuration
- send_raw_data -data <data> -equipment_id <equipment_id>
-
This command is used to send raw data to connected equipment.
<data> - Raw data. <equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment.
Example:
flash-tool send_raw_data -data AABCEEEE010409240000005E0000006008000302070000002F666C6173683001005002F434F4D4D -equipment_id USB0
- set_active_profile -profile_name <profile_name>
-
This command is used to change the current active profile on the server backend.
<profile_name> - The name of the profile to set as active profile for the server backend.
Example:
flash-tool set_active_profile -profile_name STE_DB8500
- set_auto_delete -set_status <set_status>
-
This command is used to set the status of the "auto download dump file" feature. When set to "enable", a dump file which is downloaded will automatically be deleted from target.
<set_status> - Status identifier enable/disable
Example:
flash-tool set_auto_delete -set_status enable
- set_auto_download -set_status <set_status>
-
This command is used to set the status of the "auto download dump file" feature. When set to "enable", a generated dump file will automatically be downloaded.
<set_status> - Status identifier enable/disable
Example:
flash-tool set_auto_download -set_status enable
- set_core_dump_location -path <path>
-
This command is used to configure the location where the server backend will put core dump data.
<path> - Host path specifying the new location of core dump files.
- set_domain -domain <domain> -equipment_id <equipment_id>
-
This command is used to update the security domain for connected equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <domain> - Domain identifier: 0: service 1: product 2: R&D 3: factory
Example:
flash-tool set_domain -equipment_id USB0 -domain 0
- set_equipment_profile -equipment_id <equipment_id> -profile_name <profile_name>
-
This command is used to set the active profile for a connected equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <profile_name> - The name of the profile to set as active profile for the connected equipment.
Example:
flash-tool set_equipment_profile -equipment_id USB0 -profile_name STE_DB8500
- set_equipment_property -equipment_id <equipment_id> -equipment_properties <equipment_properties>
-
This command is used to set one or more properties of specified equipment. After set_equipment_property command you have to send bind_properies command to apply your changes.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <equipment_property> - A structure describing one or more properties of the equipment (for example key1=value1,key2=value2).
Example:
flash-tool set_equipment_property -equipment_id USB0 -equipment_property 0x10="{Network Lock Key=5530592768011169,Network Subset Lock Key=1113474185369446,Service Provider Lock Key=0920954133604256,Corporate Lock Key=1330296042918872,Flexible ESL Lock Key=5979950341706796}"
- set_local_signing -local_signing <value>
-
This command is used to set up local signing feature. When set to "true" Flash Tool Backend will not use Sign Server, but use sign packages and keys stored localy instead.
<value> - Possible values are: true, false.
Example:
flash-tool set_local_signing -local_signing true
- shutdown_backend
-
This command is used to remotely shut the Flash Tool Backend down.
Example:
flash-tool shutdown_backend
- set_subscription subscriber_ip <subscriber_ip> -subscriber_port <subscriber_port> -subscription_type <subscription_type>
-
This command is used to add a subscription for receiving dump notifications of the specified type on the provided ip and port.
<subscriber_ip> - The IP address of the subscriber that will be listening for dump notifications. <subscriber_port> - The port on which the subscriber will be listening for dump notifications. <subscription_type> - The type of subscription. Possible types are: 0 (detect dumping ME) and 1 (detect automatically downloaded dump).
Example:
flash-tool set_subscription -subscriber_ip 11.222.33 -subscriber_port 6667 -subscription_type 0
- shutdown_equipment -equipment_id <equipment_id>
-
Shutdown command to specified equipment in order for it to power down.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment.
Example:
flash-tool shutdown_equipment -equipment_id USB0
- init_arb_table -arb_data <data>
-
Initializing and calculating initial integrity of SW version table.
<data> - Anti-rollback data.
Example:
flash-tool init_arb_table -arb_data 0xAABB
- get_device_info -equipment_id <equipment_id>
-
Get basic information about connected device.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment.
Example:
flash-tool get_device_info -equipment_id USB0
- trigger_uart_port -port_name <port_name>
-
This command is used to trigger UART port specified by its name.
<port_name> - UART port name.
Example:
flash-tool trigger_uart_port -port_name COM1
- volume_properties -equipment_id <equipment_id> -device_path <device_path>
-
This command is used to retrieve properties of the specified file system volume on specified equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <device_path> - Device path of the file system volume.
Example:
flash-tool volume_properties -equipment_id USB0 -device_path /device/volume
- write_global_data_set -equipment_id <equipment_id> -storage_id <storage_id> -path <path>
-
This command is used to write a set of global data storage on connected equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <storage_id> - Storage identifier. <path> - Host path to file containing global data to write.
Example:
flash-tool write_global_data_set -equipment_id USB0 -storage_id /flash0 -path /flash0/gdfsWrite.gdf
- write_global_data_unit -equipment_id <equipment_id> -storage_id <storage_id> -unit_data <unit_data> -unit_id <unit_id>
-
This command is used to write a single unit of parameter storage data to the specified storage on connected equipment.
<equipment_id> - The identifier string for connected equipment. <storage_id> - Storage identifier. <unit_id> - Unit identifier. <unit_data> - Data (bytes) read from global data unit (for example<PHONE_NUMBER>ABCDEF).
Example:
flash-tool write_global_data_unit -equipment_id USB0 -storage_id /flash0/TOC/CSPSA0 -unit_id 1 -unit_data "abcd"
OPTIONAL OPTIONS
Each command has its own optional options.
- -help
-
Help for specified command.
Example:
flash-tool shutdown_equipment -help
- -host
-
Host with running Backend, localhost is used as default.
- -port
-
Port where Backend is listening, 8088 is used as default.
- -v
-
To enable verbose output to stdout.
- -b
-
To enable bare output, the data portion of results will be unformatted.
- -t <timeout in seconds>
-
To reconnect repeatedly to Flash Tool Backend until timeout occures.
EXIT STATUS
flash-tool returns a zero exit status if it succeeds. A non zero is returned in case of failure.
- 0
-
Success
- 1
-
Unknown error
- 2
-
Could not connect to backend


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 Watch as magician & mentalist Jose Ahonen vanished some dog treats under their noses. By the way, all the dogs got treats before and after the trick
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JeffreyATW
You give love a bad name.
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The flow-expire utility will remove the oldest flow files in a directory based on either a count of files or space utilization. The directory is recursively searched for flow files. Files that do not have a flow-tools signature will be ignored. The internal timestamp is used so backups or copies of the flow files that do not retain the original timestamp will not impact the operation of flow-expire. flow-expire is typically used to manage storage in a distributed environment where flows are collected on a different server than they are archived.
Enable debugging.
Retain the maximum number of files so that the total file count is less than expire_count.
Retain the maximum number of files so that the total storage is less than expire_size. The letters b,K,M,G can be used as multipliers, ie 16 Megabytes is 16M.
Display help.
Work in workdir.


module type String = sig
.. end
Input signature for strings.
type
t
The type for strings.
val empty : t
The empty string.
val length : t -> int
Returns the length of the string.
val append : t -> t -> t
Concatenates two strings.
val lowercase : t -> t
New string with uppercase letter translated
to lowercase (correctness is only needed for ASCII
code point).
val iter : (int -> unit) -> t -> unit
Iterates over the unicode
code point
of the given string.
val of_string : Xmlm.std_string -> t
String from an OCaml string.
val to_utf_8 : ('a -> Xmlm.std_string -> 'a) -> 'a -> t -> 'a
to_utf_8 f v s
, is f (... (f (f v s1) s2) ...) sn
. Where the
concatenation of s1
, s2
, ... sn
is s
as an UTF-8 stream.
val compare : t -> t -> int
String comparison. Binary comparison is sufficent.


| 987 | (A) | I nolde this town were vn-taken and thies towris heghe |
| 992 | (C) | ¶ I wolde not but þis townne were tane . & þese towres hyȝe |
| 974 | (D) | I nold þis toun were vntane & al þes hye touris |
| 954 | (E) | ¶ y nolde þis town were vn-take . with his grete toures |
| 34 | (Ex) | y nold this towne ?. . . |
| 1012 | (L) | I nold þis toun were vn-take ne þis toures heye |
| 927 | (P) | I ne walde þe toures war vntane & þis toune he?? |
| 965 | (U) | ¶ I nold but this toun were tane / and thise toures hye |
| 52 | (V) | I nolde þis town were vn-tane . and þis toures high |


1 Samuel 8:2
Now the name of his firstborn was Joel; and the name of his second, Abiah: they were judges in Beersheba.


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cdemi's
16 July 2019 |
Software Development #Software |
Applicatives - Walking deeper into Functor-town (eventbrite.com) Eventbrite Applicatives - Walking deeper into Functor-town Applicatives - Walking deeper into Functor-town tickets Applicatives - Walking deeper into Functor-town Tas-Sliema Applicatives - Walking deeper into Functor-town Tas-Sliema tickets |
| Ignite Malta presents Applicatives - Walking deeper into Functor-town - Wednesday, July 31, 2019 at SuprNation Offices, Tas-Sliema, NA. Find event and ticket information.... Read more |
Scrum is a Methodology, not a Buffet (davidpallmann.blogspot.com) |
| Q. What’s something everybody does, but nobody does the same? A. Scrum! In today's post we'll debate this question: Is it important to ...... Read more |
Re-Architecting the Netflix Video Gatekeeper (medium.com) |
| This is the story about how the Content Setup Engineering team used Hollow, a Netflix OSS technology, to re-architect and simplify an essential component in our content pipeline — delivering a large amount of business value in the process.... Read more |
.NET #dotNet |
Pipeline Pattern Implementations in C# .NET (michaelscodingspot.com) .NET Design Patterns MultiThread Pipelines |
| The Pipeline pattern is a powerful tool in programming. The idea is to chain a group of functions in a way that the output of each function is the input the next one. The concept is pretty similar to an assembly line where each step manipulates and prepares the product for the next step.... Read more |
Front End |
Hermes · JavaScript engine optimized for React Native (hermesengine.dev) |
| Hermes is a JavaScript engine optimized for fast start up of React Native apps on Android. It features ahead-of-time static optimization and compact bytecode... Read more |
User Experience #UX |
Building the Google Photos Web UI (medium.com) |
| A peek under the hood... Read more |
DevOps |
Maximize your current monitoring using new data collection methods (bluemedora.com) |
| Shift from monitoring to observability using Dimensional Data IT performance monitoring is undergoing a major transformation thanks to advances in artificial intelligence and real-time analytics. Many IT monitoring platforms promise new capabilities that will move them beyond monitoring to observab... Read more |
Cloud |
Details of the Cloudflare outage on July 2, 2019 (blog.cloudflare.com) Post Mortem Outage Deep Dive |
| Almost nine years ago, Cloudflare was a tiny company and I was a customer not an employee. Cloudflare had launched a month earlier and one day alerting told me that my little site, jgc.org, didn’t seem to have working DNS any more. Cloudflare had pushed out a change... Read more |
Security #InfoSec |
Update Your Logitech Wireless Dongle Right Now (lifehacker.com) Security Logitech PC Windows wireless vulnerability Lifehacker |
| A few years ago, hackers discovered that they could remotely take control of a PC by exploiting a vulnerability in Logitech wireless dongles. According to The Verge, dongles that Logitech is shipping today are still vulnerable to the same remote access hack—dubbed “MouseJack.”—a list that includes the manufacturer’s Unifying Receiver and G900 wireless gaming mouse.... Read more |
Zoom Zero Day: 4+ Million Webcams & maybe an RCE? Just get them to visit your website! (medium.com) |
| Vulnerability in the Mac Zoom Client allows any malicious website to enable your camera without your permission. The flaw potentially…... Read more |
Gaming |
Does the betting industry need a B2B exchange? (egr.global) |
| US company LineLibrary is trying to build a B2B exchange for betting operators to hedge risk, but do operators really need such an outlet? ... Read more |
Gambling #SportsBetting #Casino |
Global Gaming loses second Swedish appeal (egr.global) |
| Ninja Casino operator loses further appeal to keep operating during hearing... Read more |
|
This newsletter is made with 💖 by cdemi and sponsored by moo Research. You can find this MIT Licensed open-source project on GitHub cdemi/NewsletterCurator. You can also find an archive of all sent newsletters on GitHub at https://newsletters.cdemi.io/. If you want to unsubscribe from this newsletter, please click here. If you're new and you want to subscribe to this newsletter, please click here. |


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Category 1
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44
1 Now listen, Jacob my servant, and Israel, whom I have chosen:
2 This is what Yahweh says, he who made you and formed you in the womb
and who will help you: "Do not fear, Jacob my servant; and
you, Jeshurun, whom I have chosen.
3 For I will pour water on the thirsty ground, and flowing streams on the dry ground;
I will pour my Spirit on your offspring, and my blessing on your children.
4 They will spring up among the grass, like willows by the streams of water.
5 One will say, 'I am Yahweh's;' and another will be named after Jacob;
and another will write on his hand 'Belonging to Yahweh' and be called by the name of Israel."
6 This is what Yahweh says—the King of Israel and his Redeemer, Yahweh of hosts:
"I am the first, and I am the last; and there is no God but me.
7 Who is like me? Let him announce it and explain to me
the events that occurred since I established my ancient people, and let them declare the events to come.
8 Do not fear or be afraid. Have I not declared to you long ago, and announced it?
You are my witnesses: Is there any God besides me? There is no other Rock; I know of none."
9 All who fashion idols are nothing; the things they delight in are worthless;
their witnesses cannot see or know anything, and they will be put to shame.
10 Who would form a god or cast an idol that is worthless?
11 Look, all his associates will be put to shame; the craftsmen are only men.
Let them take their stand together; they will cower and be put to shame.
12 The smith works with his tools, forming it, working over the coals.
He shapes it with hammers and works it with his strong arm.
He is hungry, and his strength wanes; he drinks no water and becomes faint.
13 The carpenter measures the wood with a line, and marks it with a stylus.
He shapes it with his tools and marks it out with a compass.
He shapes it after the figure of a man, like an attractive human, so it may stay in a shrine.
14 He cuts down cedars, or chooses a cypress tree or an oak tree.
He picks for himself trees in the forest. He plants a fir tree and the rain makes it grow.
15 Then a man uses it for a fire and warms himself. Yes, he kindles a fire and bakes bread.
Then he makes from it a god and bows down to it; he make an idol and bows down to it.
16 He burns part of the wood for the fire, roasting his meat over it. He eats and is satisfied.
He warms himself and says, "Ah, I am warm, I have seen the fire."
17 With the rest of the wood he makes a god, his carved image; he bows down to it and reverences it,
and prays to it saying, "Rescue me, for you are my god."
18 They do not know, nor do they understand, for their eyes are blind and cannot see , and their hearts cannot perceive.
19 No one thinks, nor do they comprehend and say,
"I have burned part of the wood in the fire; yes,
I have also baked bread upon its coals. I have roasted meat over its coals and eaten.
Now should I make the other part of the wood into something disgusting to worship? Should I bow down to a block of wood?"
20 It is as if he were eating ashes; his deceived heart misleads him. He cannot rescue himself, nor does he say, "This thing in my right hand is a false god."
21 Think about these things, Jacob, and Israel, for you are my servant:
I have formed you; you are my servant: Israel, you will not be forgotten by me.
22 I have blotted out, like a thick cloud, your rebellious deeds, and like a cloud, your sins;
return to me, for I have redeemed you.
23 Sing, you heavens, for Yahweh has acted; shout, you underworld under the earth;
break out into singing, you mountains, and you, forest, with every tree;
for Yahweh has redeemed Jacob, and will show his glory in Israel.
24 This is what Yahweh says, your Redeemer, he who formed you from the womb:
"I am Yahweh, who made everything,
who alone stretched out the heavens, who alone fashioned the earth.
25 I who frustrate the omens of the empty talkers and who disgrace those who read omens;
I who overturn the wisdom of the wise and make their advice foolish.
26 I, Yahweh!—who fulfills the declarations of his servant and brings to pass the advice of his messengers,
who says of Jerusalem, 'She will
be inhabited;' and of the cities of Judah, 'They will be built again, and I will raise up her waste places'—
27 who says to the deep sea, 'Be dry, and I will dry up your currents'—
28 Who says of Cyrus, 'He is my shepherd, he will do my every wish'—he will decree about Jerusalem, 'Let her be rebuilt,' and about the temple, 'Let your foundations be laid.'"


Customer Satisfaction Survey How are our programs and services? We would love to hear from you! Personal Information What is your name? * What is your email address? What is your age? * Do you live in Queens? Yes No Programs Which types of programs do you attend? Check all that apply. Children Teens Adults Older Adults Overall Feedback Overall, how satisfied are you with Queens Public Library? Highly satisfied Somewhat satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Somewhat dissatisfied Highly dissatisfied Please share any additional feedback.


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[attributes] --- label: ICCA Data Manual layout: template-resource target_page: categories: - Publications - Technical Resources is_published: true position: 5 [categories topics] wdpa oecm pame [categories types] [file resource_file] [date_not_null published_date] 2019-01-01 00:00:00 UTC [text social-title] [text social-description] [text_custom summary] ICCA Manual is designed to support custodians of ICCAs in providing data to the ICCA Registry and WDPA. [text resource_link_text] [text resource_link_url] [text resource_file_title] [wysiwyg content]
ICCAs are the territories and areas conserved by indigenous peoples and local communities. The ICCA Registry and WDPA are two databases that can store information on ICCAs. This manual has been developed to support custodians of ICCAs in providing data to the ICCA Registry and WDPA. It is aimed at indigenous peoples, local communities, and those who work with them. The first section provides ICCA custodians with the information they need in order to collectively decide whether to participate. For those who wish to provide information, the second half of the manual describes how to do so and what to expect afterwards.
Download the ICCA Data Manual


The summer holidays are wonderful. Dressing for them can be significantly less so: Packing light is always at a premium, but one never wants to feel high, dry, and seriously...
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The summer holidays are wonderful. Dressing for them can be significantly less so: Packing light is always at a premium, but one never wants to feel high, dry, and seriously...
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The summer holidays are wonderful. Dressing for them can be significantly less so: Packing light is always at a premium, but one never wants to feel high, dry, and seriously...
WHAT'S CLIENT SAY
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Projects
Projects
Most of my projects fall within a few main themes:
OpenStack
- OpenStack.org : If you’re not familiar with it, you should be.
- Piston OpenStack : Turn-key OpenStack using math and magic.
- ElkStack.org : Monitoring openstack for fun and profit.
- RefStack.org : Interoperability tools for the DefCore committee.
Browser Things
- ElderBrowser.com : Like reading glasses for the web.
Social Infrastructure
- HasTwoParents.com : An email tool for parents.
- Minipact.com : API-first social infra for promises.
- ZeroNetPositive.org : Rethinking corporate structures with friends.
Miscellaneous
- Build packs for Cloud Foundry and steps for Wercker.
- AfterStack.com : Haven’t decided what this is yet ;)
Defunct Projects
- BountyUp.com : Like Kickstarter, but 5 years too early. Frozen by the SEC.
- BuyLatr.com : Browser plugin for price change notifications. Sold it.


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A retelling of the Pygmalion story, the movie takes a low-key approach to its comedy. Although you're more likely to smile than laugh out loud at the film's brand of humor, you'll appreciate its ability to appeal to teens without relying on crude sexual innuendoes, bawdy jokes or coarse profanity. Even if Lee Fleming's script has more than its share of cliches, it develops them in fresh and good-spirited ways that's likely to please the target teen audience as well as their parents.
As the story begins, Zack (Freddie Prinze Jr.), the high school's student body president, honor student, star athlete and handsome hunk, is having girl trouble. The school's radio station refers to him as "a guy who's got dissed and dismissed" by his long time girlfriend, Taylor (Jodi Lyn O'Keefe). The most popular kids in the class, they've been going together forever.
Recently, however, Taylor has ditched Zack for Brock (Matthew Lillard), the narcissistic star of a bad television show. In contrast to Zack's sweetness, Taylor has the charm of a pit bull. Described as someone with "a C- GPA in a Wonderbra," Taylor expects to be the center of all attention. There will be an election in a few weeks for the king and queen of the prom, and she has no doubts that she and Zack will win the crowns. As the head of the school's royalty, she doesn't need to treat others decently. She has always been the most popular and expects to remain thus, in perpetuity.
On a lark, Zack bets his buddy Dean (Paul Walker) that he can turn any girl into the prom queen. As soon as Dean sets eyes on Laney Boggs (Rachael Leigh Cook), he knows he has found his target.  Laney is an artist whose friends suggest she kill herself as her only hope of success, since posthumous artwork sells. Laney, the type who wears bluejean overalls to the beach, spends her evening hours engaging in trashy, bohemian performance art.
Rachael Leigh Cook, who, along with Freddie Prinze Jr., had a small part in the hilarious, dark comedy THE HOUSE OF YES, gives SHE'S ALL THAT its special quality. She brings a soft-spoken humanity to her role that makes Laney into a wonderfully likeable and charming character. Laney is as crude on the outside as she is lovely on the inside, just the opposite of Taylor. When Zack first tries putting the moves on Laney, she looks at him with her serious little eyes through her nerdy style glasses and asks if he is engaging in some sort of "dork outreach program." (As you can guess, once she has the right makeup, hairdo and clothes, Laney easily outshines Taylor.)
Academy Award winner Anna Paquin does a nice turn in a small role as Mackenzie, Zack's sister. Mackenzie does what all good sisters do; they set their brothers straight as to how things are done. Every guy should have a take-charge sister like Mackenzie.
Director Robert Iscove's understated staging gives the film a remarkable grace and subtlety. With his serious approach to comedy, his actors never seem in danger of laughing at their own jokes. Adults, in the few times they appear in the story, are sources of amusement, not derision. Laney's father, for example, busily occupies his evening hours paying bills, while missing all the "Jeopardy" questions from the television.
"I feel just like Julie Roberts in PRETTY WOMAN," a blissful Laney declares in the end. "Except for that whole hooker thing." She ends up contented, and so will the viewers.
SHE'S ALL THAT runs 1:37. It is rated PG-13 for a little profanity and some sexual situations and would be fine for kids around 12 and up.
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#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
Go to the source code of this file.
| void comClose |
( |
int |
index | ) |
|
Close an opened port.
- Parameters
-
Enumerate available serial ports (Serial, USB serial, Bluetooth serial)
- Returns
- number of enumerated ports
| int comFindPort |
( |
const char * |
name | ) |
|
Try to find a port given its user-friendly name.
- Parameters
-
| [in] | name | port name (case sensitive) |
- Returns
- index of found port or -1 if not enumerated
| const char * comGetInternalName |
( |
int |
index | ) |
|
Get port operating-system name.
- Parameters
-
- Returns
- null terminated port name
Return the number of enumerated ports.
- Returns
- number of enumerated ports
| const char * comGetPortName |
( |
int |
index | ) |
|
Get port user-friendly name.
- Parameters
-
- Returns
- null terminated port name
| int comOpen |
( |
int |
index, |
|
|
int |
baudrate |
|
) |
| |
Try to open a port at a specific baudrate.
(No parity, single stop bit, no hardware flow control)
- Parameters
-
| [in] | index | port index |
| [in] | baudrate | port baudrate |
- Returns
- 1 if opened, 0 if not available
| int comRead |
( |
int |
index, |
|
|
char * |
buffer, |
|
|
size_t |
len |
|
) |
| |
Release ports and memory resources used by the library.
| int comWrite |
( |
int |
index, |
|
|
const char * |
buffer, |
|
|
size_t |
len |
|
) |
| |
Write data to the port (non-blocking)
- Parameters
-
| [in] | index | port index |
| [in] | buffer | pointer to transmit buffer |
| [in] | len | length of transmit buffer in bytes |
- Returns
- number of bytes transferred


I'm not comfortable at all with the prompt this week and I don't think this assignment belongs on anyone's professional portfolio site. Thie question about conflict is perfectly appropriate question for a private job interview, but asking people to choose something that's not "the most intense emotional conflict [but] one you feel OK sharing with others" means that you're not going to get any kind of real reflective response. I know the blog is not the place for "feedback" but I feel I have to set this up appropriately. I'm happy to talk about conflict and how as a professional I've learned to handle it better over the years, but I will not discuss a specific instance of interpersonal conflict. As someone who has put a lot of hard work into overcoming avoiding conflict, I also take extreme issue with "conflict" and "shame" being bound together in this prompt. I used to try to avoid conflict under all circumstances when I was younger, in both my personal and professional relationships. This didn't work out very well because as hard as I would try to please people and avoid rocking the boat, I still couldn't help but find myself in conflict over any number of things, trivial and not so trivial. I think it's important to think of conflict of something that is natural, and intrinsically attaching it to shame as this prompt does not only mischaracterizes the many nuances of conflict, but it's legitimately harmful to conflate the two. Dealing with shame and dealing with conflict are two entirely different things; sometimes they may be related, but if you find yourself in a situation where you are in conflict, you need to be able to recognize first when it is appropriate to engage or disengage. Immediately thinking of being in conflict as something that is shameful can cause people to disengage or surrender when they are perfectly justified in defending their position (and defending themselves). People need to be equipped with the right tools to handle conflict effectively so that they can deeply understand their position, and negotiate from a sincere place of good faith, both for themselves and the person with whom they are in conflict. The Compass of Shame, while it has some value in a potentially different prompt (and with a different resource to explain it, which I won't get into here) is not a good tool for helping someone learn how to deal with conflict. It is entirely disempowering and assumes that someone is in conflict because they have done something shameful. People will encounter conflict no matter what they do in their lives and they need to be prepared to deal with it regardless; this just reinforces that conflict is bad and will have the unintended consequence of making things worse for people who already avoid it and aren't strong advocates for themselves.


I had this story from one who had no business to tell it to me, or to any other. I may credit the seductive influence of an old vintage upon the narrator for the beginning of it, and my own skeptical incredulity during the days that followed for the balance of the strange tale.
When my convivial host discovered that he had told me so much, and that I was prone to doubtfulness, his foolish pride assumed the task the old vintage had commenced, and so he unearthed written evidence in the form of musty manuscript, and dry official records of the British Colonial Office to support many of the salient features of his remarkable narrative.
I do not say the story is true, for I did not witness the happenings which it portrays, but the fact that in the telling of it to you I have taken fictitious names for the principal characters quite sufficiently evidences the sincerity of my own belief that it MAY be true.
The yellow, mildewed pages of the diary of a man long dead, and the records of the Colonial Office dovetail perfectly with the narrative of my convivial host, and so I give you the story as I painstakingly pieced it out from these several various agencies.
If you do not find it credible you will at least be as one with me in acknowledging that it is unique, remarkable, and interesting.
From the records of the Colonial Office and from the dead man’s diary we learn that a certain young English nobleman, whom we shall call John Clayton, Lord Greystoke, was commissioned to make a peculiarly delicate investigation of conditions in a British West Coast African Colony from whose simple native inhabitants another European power was known to be recruiting soldiers for its native army, which it used solely for the forcible collection of rubber and ivory from the savage tribes along the Congo and the Aruwimi. The natives of the British Colony complained that many of their young men were enticed away through the medium of fair and glowing promises, but that few if any ever returned to their families.
The Englishmen in Africa went even further, saying that these poor blacks were held in virtual slavery, since after their terms of enlistment expired their ignorance was imposed upon by their white officers, and they were told that they had yet several years to serve.
And so the Colonial Office appointed John Clayton to a new post in British West Africa, but his confidential instructions centered on a thorough investigation of the unfair treatment of black British subjects by the officers of a friendly European power. Why he was sent, is, however, of little moment to this story, for he never made an investigation, nor, in fact, did he ever reach his destination.
Clayton was the type of Englishman that one likes best to associate with the noblest monuments of historic achievement upon a thousand victorious battlefields–a strong, virile man –mentally, morally, and physically.
In stature he was above the average height; his eyes were gray, his features regular and strong; his carriage that of perfect, robust health influenced by his years of army training.
Political ambition had caused him to seek transference from the army to the Colonial Office and so we find him, still young, entrusted with a delicate and important commission in the service of the Queen.
When he received this appointment he was both elated and appalled. The preferment seemed to him in the nature of a well-merited reward for painstaking and intelligent service, and as a stepping stone to posts of greater importance and responsibility; but, on the other hand, he had been married to the Hon. Alice Rutherford for scarce a three months, and it was the thought of taking this fair young girl into the dangers and isolation of tropical Africa that appalled him.
For her sake he would have refused the appointment, but she would not have it so. Instead she insisted that he accept, and, indeed, take her with him.
There were mothers and brothers and sisters, and aunts and cousins to express various opinions on the subject, but as to what they severally advised history is silent.
We know only that on a bright May morning in 1888, John, Lord Greystoke, and Lady Alice sailed from Dover on their way to Africa.
A month later they arrived at Freetown where they chartered a small sailing vessel, the Fuwalda, which was to bear them to their final destination.
And here John, Lord Greystoke, and Lady Alice, his wife, vanished from the eyes and from the knowledge of men.
Two months after they weighed anchor and cleared from the port of Freetown a half dozen British war vessels were scouring the south Atlantic for trace of them or their little vessel, and it was almost immediately that the wreckage was found upon the shores of St. Helena which convinced the world that the Fuwalda had gone down with all on board, and hence the search was stopped ere it had scarce begun; though hope lingered in longing hearts for many years.
The Fuwalda, a barkentine of about one hundred tons, was a vessel of the type often seen in coastwise trade in the far southern Atlantic, their crews composed of the offscourings of the sea–unhanged murderers and cutthroats of every race and every nation.
The Fuwalda was no exception to the rule. Her officers were swarthy bullies, hating and hated by their crew. The captain, while a competent seaman, was a brute in his treatment of his men. He knew, or at least he used, but two arguments in his dealings with them–a belaying pin and a revolver–nor is it likely that the motley aggregation he signed would have understood aught else.
So it was that from the second day out from Freetown John Clayton and his young wife witnessed scenes upon the deck of the Fuwalda such as they had believed were never enacted outside the covers of printed stories of the sea.
It was on the morning of the second day that the first link was forged in what was destined to form a chain of circumstances ending in a life for one then unborn such as has never been paralleled in the history of man.
Two sailors were washing down the decks of the Fuwalda, the first mate was on duty, and the captain had stopped to speak with John Clayton and Lady Alice.
The men were working backwards toward the little party who were facing away from the sailors. Closer and closer they came, until one of them was directly behind the captain. In another moment he would have passed by and this strange narrative would never have been recorded.
But just that instant the officer turned to leave Lord and Lady Greystoke, and, as he did so, tripped against the sailor and sprawled headlong upon the deck, overturning the water- pail so that he was drenched in its dirty contents.
For an instant the scene was ludicrous; but only for an instant. With a volley of awful oaths, his face suffused with the scarlet of mortification and rage, the captain regained his feet, and with a terrific blow felled the sailor to the deck.
The man was small and rather old, so that the brutality of the act was thus accentuated. The other seaman, however, was neither old nor small–a huge bear of a man, with fierce black mustachios, and a great bull neck set between massive shoulders.
As he saw his mate go down he crouched, and, with a low snarl, sprang upon the captain crushing him to his knees with a single mighty blow.
From scarlet the officer’s face went white, for this was mutiny; and mutiny he had met and subdued before in his brutal career. Without waiting to rise he whipped a revolver from his pocket, firing point blank at the great mountain of muscle towering before him; but, quick as he was, John Clayton was almost as quick, so that the bullet which was intended for the sailor’s heart lodged in the sailor’s leg instead, for Lord Greystoke had struck down the captain’s arm as he had seen the weapon flash in the sun.
Words passed between Clayton and the captain, the former making it plain that he was disgusted with the brutality displayed toward the crew, nor would he countenance anything further of the kind while he and Lady Greystoke remained passengers.
The captain was on the point of making an angry reply, but, thinking better of it, turned on his heel and black and scowling, strode aft.
He did not care to antagonize an English official, for the Queen’s mighty arm wielded a punitive instrument which he could appreciate, and which he feared–England’s far-reaching navy.
The two sailors picked themselves up, the older man assisting his wounded comrade to rise. The big fellow, who was known among his mates as Black Michael, tried his leg gingerly, and, finding that it bore his weight, turned to Clayton with a word of gruff thanks.
Though the fellow’s tone was surly, his words were evidently well meant. Ere he had scarce finished his little speech he had turned and was limping off toward the forecastle with the very apparent intention of forestalling any further conversation.
They did not see him again for several days, nor did the captain accord them more than the surliest of grunts when he was forced to speak to them.
They took their meals in his cabin, as they had before the unfortunate occurrence; but the captain was careful to see that his duties never permitted him to eat at the same time.
The other officers were coarse, illiterate fellows, but little above the villainous crew they bullied, and were only too glad to avoid social intercourse with the polished English noble and his lady, so that the Claytons were left very much to themselves.
This in itself accorded perfectly with their desires, but it also rather isolated them from the life of the little ship so that they were unable to keep in touch with the daily happenings which were to culminate so soon in bloody tragedy.
By Edgar Rice Burroughs
An American novelist, best known for his work writing about a brave jungle hero called Tarzan and his muse, Jane.


I have experience analyzing data and I am currently working towards becoming a web developer. I have two years of logistics experience at the US Navy. My goal is to make data analysis less of headache. My logistics position is very versatile. My other job responsibilities include creating simple and clean user interfaces for the team's web page.


--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
A former bartender - a former lawyer - a former LSAT instructor - a former of code.


Personal Profile
Dedicated and hardworking professional with over 4 years of expertise in IT administration, database technologies, software development environments and infrastructure technologies. Aspiring GIS professional, collaborating to solve issues and provide efficient solutions as a results-oriented team player.
- Highly skilled in current GIS\IT industry technologies.     - Excellent communication skills (verbal and written).


| 1 | package fr.sii.ogham.email.sendgrid.v2.builder.sendgrid; | |
| 2 | ||
| 3 | import java.util.ArrayList; | |
| 4 | import java.util.List; | |
| 5 | ||
| 6 | import org.slf4j.Logger; | |
| 7 | import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; | |
| 8 | ||
| 9 | import com.sendgrid.SendGrid; | |
| 10 | ||
| 11 | import fr.sii.ogham.core.builder.MessagingBuilder; | |
| 12 | import fr.sii.ogham.core.builder.env.EnvironmentBuilder; | |
| 13 | import fr.sii.ogham.core.env.PropertyResolver; | |
| 14 | import fr.sii.ogham.core.message.content.MayHaveStringContent; | |
| 15 | import fr.sii.ogham.core.message.content.MultiContent; | |
| 16 | import fr.sii.ogham.core.mimetype.MimeTypeProvider; | |
| 17 | import fr.sii.ogham.core.util.BuilderUtils; | |
| 18 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.builder.EmailBuilder; | |
| 19 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.message.Email; | |
| 20 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.sendgrid.builder.AbstractSendGridBuilder; | |
| 21 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.sendgrid.v2.sender.impl.SendGridV2Sender; | |
| 22 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.sendgrid.v2.sender.impl.sendgrid.client.DelegateSendGridClient; | |
| 23 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.sendgrid.v2.sender.impl.sendgrid.client.SendGridClient; | |
| 24 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.sendgrid.v2.sender.impl.sendgrid.client.SendGridInterceptor; | |
| 25 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.sendgrid.v2.sender.impl.sendgrid.handler.MapContentHandler; | |
| 26 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.sendgrid.v2.sender.impl.sendgrid.handler.MultiContentHandler; | |
| 27 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.sendgrid.v2.sender.impl.sendgrid.handler.StringContentHandler; | |
| 28 | ||
| 29 | /** | |
| 30 | * Configures how SendGrid implementation will send {@link Email}s. | |
| 31 | * | |
| 32 | * This implementation uses SendGrid HTTP API. | |
| 33 | * | |
| 34 | *
 | |
| 35 | * To send {@link Email} using SendGrid, you need to register this builder into | |
| 36 | * a {@link MessagingBuilder} like this: | |
| 37 | * | |
| 38 | *
 | |
| 39 | *  | |
| 40 | * MessagingBuilder msgBuilder = ... | |
| 41 | * msgBuilder.email() | |
| 42 | * .sender(SendGridBuilder.class) // registers the builder and accesses to that builder for configuring it | |
| 43 | *  | |
| 44 | *
 | |
| 45 | * | |
| 46 | * Once the builder is registered, sending email through SendGrid requires | |
| 47 | * either an API key or a username/password pair. You can define it using: | |
| 48 | * | |
| 49 | *
 | |
| 50 | *  | |
| 51 | * msgBuilder.email() | |
| 52 | * .sender(SendGridBuilder.class) // registers the builder and accesses to that builder for configuring it | |
| 53 | * .apiKey("foo") | |
| 54 | *  | |
| 55 | *
 | |
| 56 | * | |
| 57 | * Or you can also use property keys (using interpolation): | |
| 58 | * | |
| 59 | *
 | |
| 60 | *  | |
| 61 | * msgBuilder | |
| 62 | * .environment() | |
| 63 | * .properties() | |
| 64 | * .set("custom.property.for.api-key", "foo") | |
| 65 | * .and() | |
| 66 | * .and() | |
| 67 | * .email() | |
| 68 | * .sender(SendGridBuilder.class) // registers the builder and accesses to that builder for configuring it | |
| 69 | * .host("${custom.property.for.api-key}") | |
| 70 | *  | |
| 71 | *
 | |
| 72 | * | |
| 73 | *
 | |
| 74 | * Finally, Ogham will transform general {@link Email} object into | |
| 75 | * {@link SendGrid}.Email object. This transformation will fit almost all use | |
| 76 | * cases but you may need to customize a part of the SendGrid message. Instead | |
| 77 | * of doing again the same work Ogham does, this builder allows you to intercept | |
| 78 | * the message to modify it just before sending it: | |
| 79 | * | |
| 80 | *
 | |
| 81 | *  | |
| 82 | * .sender(SendGridBuilder.class) | |
| 83 | * .intercept(new MyCustomInterceptor()) | |
| 84 | *  | |
| 85 | *
 | |
| 86 | * | |
| 87 | * See {@link SendGridInterceptor} for more information. | |
| 88 | * | |
| 89 | * @author Aurélien Baudet | |
| 90 | * | |
| 91 | */ | |
| 92 |
3
1. build : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 2. password : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 3. username : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE |
public class SendGridV2Builder extends AbstractSendGridBuilder<SendGridV2Builder, EmailBuilder> { |
| 93 | private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SendGridV2Builder.class); | |
| 94 | ||
| 95 | private List<String> usernames; | |
| 96 | private List<String> passwords; | |
| 97 | private SendGridClient client; | |
| 98 | private SendGridInterceptor interceptor; | |
| 99 | ||
| 100 | /** | |
| 101 | * Default constructor when using SendGrid sender without all Ogham work. | |
| 102 | * | |
| 103 | * WARNING: use is only if you know what you are doing ! | |
| 104 | */ | |
| 105 | public SendGridV2Builder() { | |
| 106 | this(null); | |
| 107 | } | |
| 108 | ||
| 109 | /** | |
| 110 | * Constructor that is called when using Ogham builder: | |
| 111 | * | |
| 112 | *
 | |
| 113 | * MessagingBuilder msgBuilder = ... | |
| 114 | * msgBuilder | |
| 115 | * .email() | |
| 116 | * .sender(SendGridBuilder.class) | |
| 117 | *
 | |
| 118 | * | |
| 119 | * @param parent | |
| 120 | * the parent builder instance for fluent chaining | |
| 121 | */ | |
| 122 | public SendGridV2Builder(EmailBuilder parent) { | |
| 123 | super(SendGridV2Builder.class, parent); | |
| 124 | usernames = new ArrayList<>(); | |
| 125 | passwords = new ArrayList<>(); | |
| 126 | } | |
| 127 | ||
| 128 | /** | |
| 129 | * Set username for SendGrid HTTP API. | |
| 130 | * | |
| 131 | * You can specify a direct value. For example: | |
| 132 | * | |
| 133 | *
 | |
| 134 | * .username("foo"); | |
| 135 | *
 | |
| 136 | * | |
| 137 | *
 | |
| 138 | * You can also specify one or several property keys. For example: | |
| 139 | * | |
| 140 | *
 | |
| 141 | * .username("${custom.property.high-priority}", "${custom.property.low-priority}"); | |
| 142 | *
 | |
| 143 | * | |
| 144 | * The properties are not immediately evaluated. The evaluation will be done | |
| 145 | * when the {@link #build()} method is called. | |
| 146 | * | |
| 147 | * If you provide several property keys, evaluation will be done on the | |
| 148 | * first key and if the property exists (see {@link EnvironmentBuilder}), | |
| 149 | * its value is used. If the first property doesn't exist in properties, | |
| 150 | * then it tries with the second one and so on. | |
| 151 | * | |
| 152 | * @param username | |
| 153 | * one value, or one or several property keys | |
| 154 | * @return this instance for fluent chaining | |
| 155 | */ | |
| 156 | public SendGridV2Builder username(String... username) { | |
| 157 |
3
1. username : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 2. username : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED 3. username : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED |
for (String u : username) { |
| 158 | if (u != null) { | |
| 159 | usernames.add(u); | |
| 160 | } | |
| 161 | } | |
| 162 | return this; | |
| 163 | } | |
| 164 | ||
| 165 | /** | |
| 166 | * Set password for SendGrid HTTP API. | |
| 167 | * | |
| 168 | * You can specify a direct value. For example: | |
| 169 | * | |
| 170 | *
 | |
| 171 | * .password("foo"); | |
| 172 | *
 | |
| 173 | * | |
| 174 | *
 | |
| 175 | * You can also specify one or several property keys. For example: | |
| 176 | * | |
| 177 | *
 | |
| 178 | * .password("${custom.property.high-priority}", "${custom.property.low-priority}"); | |
| 179 | *
 | |
| 180 | * | |
| 181 | * The properties are not immediately evaluated. The evaluation will be done | |
| 182 | * when the {@link #build()} method is called. | |
| 183 | * | |
| 184 | * If you provide several property keys, evaluation will be done on the | |
| 185 | * first key and if the property exists (see {@link EnvironmentBuilder}), | |
| 186 | * its value is used. If the first property doesn't exist in properties, | |
| 187 | * then it tries with the second one and so on. | |
| 188 | * | |
| 189 | * @param password | |
| 190 | * one value, or one or several property keys | |
| 191 | * @return this instance for fluent chaining | |
| 192 | */ | |
| 193 | public SendGridV2Builder password(String... password) { | |
| 194 |
3
1. password : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → SURVIVED 2. password : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 3. password : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED |
for (String p : password) { |
| 195 | if (p != null) { | |
| 196 | passwords.add(p); | |
| 197 | } | |
| 198 | } | |
| 199 | return this; | |
| 200 | } | |
| 201 | ||
| 202 | /** | |
| 203 | * By default, calling SendGrid HTTP API is done through the default | |
| 204 | * {@link SendGrid} implementation. If you want to use another client | |
| 205 | * implementation (creating your custom HTTP API caller for example), you | |
| 206 | * can implement the {@link SendGridClient} interface and provide it: | |
| 207 | * | |
| 208 | *
 | |
| 209 | * .client(new MyCustomHttpApiCaller()) | |
| 210 | *
 | |
| 211 | * | |
| 212 | * NOTE: if you provide your custom implementation, any defined properties | |
| 213 | * and values using {@link #apiKey(String...)}, {@link #username(String...)} | |
| 214 | * or {@link #password(String...)} won't be used at all. You then have to | |
| 215 | * handle it by yourself. | |
| 216 | * | |
| 217 | * @param client | |
| 218 | * the custom client used to call SendGrid HTTP API | |
| 219 | * @return this instance for fluent chaining | |
| 220 | */ | |
| 221 | public SendGridV2Builder client(SendGridClient client) { | |
| 222 |
3
1. client : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 2. client : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED 3. client : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED |
this.client = client; |
| 223 | return this; | |
| 224 | } | |
| 225 | ||
| 226 | /** | |
| 227 | * Ogham will transform general {@link Email} object into | |
| 228 | * {@link SendGrid}.Email objects. This transformation will fit almost all | |
| 229 | * use cases but you may need to customize a part of the SendGrid message. | |
| 230 | * Instead of doing again the same work Ogham does, this builder allows you | |
| 231 | * to intercept the message to modify it just before sending it: | |
| 232 | * | |
| 233 | *
 | |
| 234 | * .sender(SendGridBuilder.class) | |
| 235 | * .intercept(new MyCustomInterceptor()) | |
| 236 | *
 | |
| 237 | * | |
| 238 | * See {@link SendGridInterceptor} for more information. | |
| 239 | * | |
| 240 | * @param interceptor | |
| 241 | * the custom interceptor used to modify {@link SendGrid}.Email | |
| 242 | * @return this instance for fluent chaining | |
| 243 | */ | |
| 244 | public SendGridV2Builder intercept(SendGridInterceptor interceptor) { | |
| 245 |
1
1. intercept : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE |
this.interceptor = interceptor; |
| 246 | return this; | |
| 247 | } | |
| 248 | ||
| 249 | @Override | |
| 250 | public SendGridV2Sender build() { | |
| 251 |
3
1. build : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 2. build : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED 3. build : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED |
PropertyResolver propertyResolver = environmentBuilder.build(); |
| 252 | String apiKey = BuilderUtils.evaluate(this.apiKeys, propertyResolver, String.class); | |
| 253 | String username = BuilderUtils.evaluate(this.usernames, propertyResolver, String.class); | |
| 254 | String password = BuilderUtils.evaluate(this.passwords, propertyResolver, String.class); | |
| 255 | SendGridClient builtClient = buildClient(apiKey, username, password); | |
| 256 | if (builtClient == null) { | |
| 257 | return null; | |
| 258 | } | |
| 259 | LOG.info("Sending email using SendGrid API is registered"); | |
| 260 | LOG.debug("SendGrid account: apiKey={}, username={}", apiKey, username); | |
| 261 | return new SendGridV2Sender(builtClient, buildContentHandler(), interceptor); | |
| 262 | } | |
| 263 | ||
| 264 | private SendGridClient buildClient(String apiKey, String username, String password) { | |
| 265 |
3
1. buildClient : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 2. buildClient : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED 3. buildClient : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED |
if (client != null) { |
| 266 | return client; | |
| 267 | } | |
| 268 | if (apiKey != null) { | |
| 269 | return new DelegateSendGridClient(new SendGrid(apiKey)); | |
| 270 | } | |
| 271 | if (username != null && password != null) { | |
| 272 | return new DelegateSendGridClient(new SendGrid(username, password)); | |
| 273 | } | |
| 274 | return null; | |
| 275 | } | |
| 276 | ||
| 277 | private MapContentHandler buildContentHandler() { | |
| 278 |
3
1. buildContentHandler : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → NO_COVERAGE 2. buildContentHandler : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED 3. buildContentHandler : All methods instructions replaced by: return null; → KILLED |
MimeTypeProvider mimetypeProvider = mimetypeBuilder.build(); |
| 279 | MapContentHandler contentHandler = new MapContentHandler(); | |
| 280 | contentHandler.register(MultiContent.class, new MultiContentHandler(contentHandler)); | |
| 281 | contentHandler.register(MayHaveStringContent.class, new StringContentHandler(mimetypeProvider)); | |
| 282 | return contentHandler; | |
| 283 | } | |
| 284 | } | |
Mutations | ||
| 92 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |
|
| 157 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |
|
| 194 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |
|
| 222 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |
|
| 245 |
1.1 |
|
| 251 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |
|
| 265 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |
|
| 278 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |


Frequency of {{prescription.frequency | limitTo:100}} with a dosage of {{prescription.dosage}} for a period of {{prescription.period}} of {{prescription.quantity}} in all quantity, issued for patient {{prescription.patient}} by {{prescription.tags}}


CSPICE_BODN2C translates the name of a body or object to the corresponding
SPICE integer ID code.
Given:
name name(s) of a body or object, such as a planet, satellite, comet,
asteroid, barycenter, DSN station, spacecraft, or instrument,
"known" to the SPICE system, whether through hard-coded
registration or run-time registration in the SPICE kernel pool
[n,c1] = size(name); char = class(name)
or
[1,n] = size(bodynm); cell = class(bodynm)
Case and leading and trailing blanks in a name are not
significant. However when a name is made up of more than one
word, they must be separated by at least one blank. That is,
all of the following strings are equivalent names:
'JUPITER BARYCENTER'
'Jupiter Barycenter'
'JUPITER BARYCENTER '
'JUPITER BARYCENTER'
' JUPITER BARYCENTER'
However, 'JUPITERBARYCENTER' is not equivalent to the names
above.
the call:
[code, found] = cspice_bodn2c( name )
returns:
code containing the SPICE code(s) assigned either by SPICE or the
user to 'name'.
[1,n] = size(code); int32 = class(code)
found flag(s) indicating if the kernel subsystem translated 'name' to
a corresponding 'code'.
[1,n] = size(found); logical = class(found)
'found' and 'code' return with the same vectorization
measure, N, as 'name'.
Any numerical results shown for this example may differ between
platforms as the results depend on the SPICE kernels used as input
and the machine specific arithmetic implementation.
%
% Retrieve the NAIF ID associated to a body name.
%
disp( 'Scalar:' )
name = 'Hyperion';
[ code, found ] = cspice_bodn2c( name );
%
% Output the mapping if it exists.
%
if ( found )
txt = sprintf( 'Body code %i maps to name %s', ...
code, name );
disp(txt)
end
disp(' ')
%
% Create an array of body names. Include one unknown name.
%
disp( 'Vector:' )
name = strvcat( 'Triton', 'Mimas', ...
'Oberon', 'Callisto', 'Halo' );
[ code, found] = cspice_bodn2c( name );
n_elements = size(code,2);
%
% Loop over the output array.
%
for n=1:n_elements
%
% Check for a valid name/code mapping.
%
if( found(n) )
txt = sprintf( 'Body code %i maps to name %s', ...
code(n), name(n,:) );
disp(txt)
else
txt = sprintf( 'Unknown body name %s', name(n,:) );
disp(txt)
end
end
MATLAB outputs:
Scalar:
Body code 607 maps to name Hyperion
Vector:
Body code 801 maps to name Triton
Body code 601 maps to name Mimas
Body code 704 maps to name Oberon
Body code 504 maps to name Callisto
Unknown body name Halo
A sister version of this routine exists named mice_bodn2c that returns
the output arguments as fields in a single structure.
cspice_bodn2c is one of five related subroutines,
cspice_bods2c Body string to code
cspice_bodc2s Body code to string
cspice_bodn2c Body name to code
cspice_bodc2n Body code to name
cspice_boddef Body name/code definition
cspice_bods2c, cspice_bodc2s, cspice_bodn2c, and cspice_bodc2n
perform translations between body names and their corresponding
integer ID codes which are used in SPICE files and routines.
cspice_bods2c is a slightly more general version of cspice_bodn2c:
support for strings containing ID codes in string format enables a caller
to identify a body using a string, even when no name is associated with
that body.
cspice_bodc2s is a general version of cspice_bodc2n; the routine returns
either the name assigned in the body ID to name mapping or a string
representation of the 'code' value if no mapping exists.
cspice_boddef assigns a body name to ID mapping. The mapping has
priority in name-to-ID and ID-to-name translations.
Programmers writing user interface code should consider using the
Mice routine cspice_bods2c. cspice_bods2c provides more flexibility
in handling input strings, since it accepts both body names and
strings representing integer ID codes, for example '399'.
Refer to NAIF_IDS.REQ for the list of name/code associations built
into SPICE, and for details concerning adding new name/code
associations at run time by loading text kernels.
For important details concerning this module's function, please refer to
the CSPICE routine bodn2c_c.
MICE.REQ
NAIF_IDS.REQ
-Mice Version 1.0.3, 01-DEC-2014, EDW (JPL)
Edited I/O section to conform to NAIF standard for Mice documentation.
-Mice Version 1.0.2, 12-MAR-2012 (EDW), SCK (JPL)
I/O descriptions edits to conform to Mice documentation format.
Corrected minor typo in header.
-Mice Version 1.0.1, 16-MAY-2009 (EDW)
Edit to Particulars section to document the cspice_bodc2s routine.
Extended argument descriptions in the I/O section.
-Mice Version 1.0.0, 22-NOV-2005, EDW (JPL)
body name to code
|


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About Me
Name: Derrick Nyongesa
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Gender: Male
Home County: Kakamega County
Education: Degree in Human Resource Management
Coding Experience: Very Little
Personal interests and activities:
- Sports
- Socializing
- Travelling
Reasons for taking a class in programming
Understanding computers and learning the basics of coding will help me develop an appreciation of how things work. It will also teaches me how software engineers use math in order to solve problems in a logical and creative way.
Learning to code will teach me how to think. Computer programming isn’t just about teaching how to type lines of code. It is more about learning how to think differently. Being able to code effectively, a programmer needs to use logical thinking. I will need to be able to see a large problem and break it down into smaller pieces in order to solve it in an effective manner.
Coding is important to learn because computer programming teaches us to experiment and gives them the confidence to be creative.
When you look at how the world is developing, coding is an extremely useful skill to possess. There are an increasing number of businesses who rely on computer code, not just those in the technology sector. Learning how to code will have the advantage in life with more employment opportunities available in the future, whether it be in the technology sector, finance, retail, health or other.


GEOIPLOOKUP(1) GEOIPLOOKUP(1) NAME geoiplookup - look up country using IP Address or hostname SYNOPSIS geoiplookup [-d directory] [-f filename] [-v] <ipaddress|hostname> DESCRIPTION geoiplookup uses the GeoIP library and database to find the Country that an IP address or hostname originates from. For example geoiplookup <IP_ADDRESS> will find the Country that <IP_ADDRESS> originates from, in the follow‐ ing format: NL, Netherlands OPTIONS -f Specify a custom path to a single GeoIP datafile. -d Specify a custom directory containing GeoIP datafile(s). By default geoiplookup looks in /usr/share/GeoIP -v Lists the date and build number for the GeoIP datafile(s). AUTHOR Written by T.J. Mather REPORTING BUGS Report bugs to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>COPYRIGHT Copyright Â© 2006 MaxMind LLC This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. SEE ALSO geoipupdate(1), nslookup(1). 4th Berkeley Distribution 2 Jan 2007 GEOIPLOOKUP(1)


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Next: Defining Classes, Previous: Classes, Up: Classes
A class is an object that determines the structure and behavior of a set of other objects, which are called its instances .
A class can inherit structure and behavior from other classes. A class whose definition refers to other classes for the purpose of inheriting from them is said to be a subclass of each of those classes. The classes that are designated for purposes of inheritance are said to be superclasses of the inheriting class.
A class can have a name. The function class-name takes a class object and returns its name. The name of an anonymous class is nil. A symbol can name a class. The function find-class takes a symbol and returns the class that the symbol names. A class has a proper name if the name is a symbol and if the name of the class names that class. That is, a class~C has the proper name~S if S= (class-name C) and C= (find-class S). Notice that it is possible for (find-class S_1) = (find-class S_2) and S_1!= S_2. If C= (find-class S), we say that C is the class named S.
A class C_1 is a direct superclass of a class C_2 if C_2 explicitly designates C_1 as a superclass in its definition. In this case C_2 is a direct subclass of C_1. A class C_n is a superclass of a class C_1 if there exists a series of classes C_2,...,C_{n-1} such that C_{i+1} is a direct superclass of C_i for 1 <= i<n. In this case, C_1 is a subclass of C_n. A class is considered neither a superclass nor a subclass of itself. That is, if C_1 is a superclass of C_2, then C_1 != C_2. The set of classes consisting of some given class C along with all of its superclasses is called "C and its superclasses."
Each class has a class precedence list , which is a total ordering on the set of the given class and its superclasses. The total ordering is expressed as a list ordered from most specific to least specific. The class precedence list is used in several ways. In general, more specific classes can shadow _1 features that would otherwise be inherited from less specific classes. The method selection and combination process uses the class precedence list to order methods from most specific to least specific.
When a class is defined, the order in which its direct superclasses are mentioned in the defining form is important. Each class has a local precedence order , which is a list consisting of the class followed by its direct superclasses in the order mentioned in the defining form.
A class precedence list is always consistent with the local precedence order of each class in the list. The classes in each local precedence order appear within the class precedence list in the same order. If the local precedence orders are inconsistent with each other, no class precedence list can be constructed, and an error is signaled. The class precedence list and its computation is discussed in Determining the Class Precedence List.
classes are organized into a directed acyclic graph. There are two distinguished classes, named t and standard-object. The class named t has no superclasses. It is a superclass of every class except itself. The class named standard-object is an instance of the class standard-class and is a superclass of every class that is an instance of the class standard-class except itself.
[Reviewer Note by Barmar: This or something like it needs to be said in the introduction.] There is a mapping from the object system class space into the type space. Many of the standard types specified in this document have a corresponding class that has the same name as the type. Some types do not have a corresponding class. The integration of the type and class systems is discussed in Integrating Types and Classes.
Classes are represented by objects that are themselves instances of classes. The class of the class of an object is termed the metaclass of that object. When no misinterpretation is possible, the term metaclass is used to refer to a class that has instances that are themselves classes. The metaclass determines the form of inheritance used by the classes that are its instances and the representation of the instances of those classes. The object system provides a default metaclass, standard-class, that is appropriate for most programs.
Except where otherwise specified, all classes mentioned in this standard are instances of the class standard-class, all generic functions are instances of the class standard-generic-function, and all methods are instances of the class standard-method.
| • Standard Metaclasses: |
Next: Defining Classes, Previous: Classes, Up: Classes


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Solving a one-time constrained optimum problem might be useful in certain contexts, but the dynamics of change are far more interesting and useful: how do people optimally respond to changes in constraints? The remaining few classes before Exam 1 are about how people respond to changes in prices and income.
An individual’s demand function (often just called “demand”) for a particular good describes how that person optimally responds to changes in market conditions. While in truth, many things factor into one’s demand for a good, we are simplifying the model to relate a person’s quantity demanded of a good to three things: the price of that good (“own” price), the price of other goods, and the person’s income. When we look only at the relationship between quantity demanded and the good’s price (holding constant the other two things — other prices, and income), this is the familiar demand curve you see on supply and demand graphs from principles.
Today, we look only at how changes in income or changes in the prices of other goods can affect your quantity demanded for a good.
In doing so, we also introduce a major empirical tool that we will return to many times: an elasticity. You’ve seen one elasticity before: the price elasticity of demand, and probably calculated it using the “midpoint formula.” There’s a lot more to elasticity (and a lot of other kinds of elasticities!) than that. We will see two varieties today, and will spend most of a lecture on price elasticity, two class periods from now.
Today we will be working on practice problems. Answers will be posted later on that page.
Today we will be working on practice problems. Answers will be posted later on that page.
Problem set 1 (on 1.1-1.4) is due by 11:59 PM Wednesday February 17 by PDF upload to Blackboard Assignments.
Problem set 2 (on classes 1.6-1.8) is due by 11:59 PM Sunday, February 28 by PDF upload to Blackboard Assignments.
If you see on the schedule, we will quickly complete the materials needed for Exam 1. Expect it to be the week of March 1, with more details coming by early next week.