I recently migrated a domain for a client, and did it like a noob (as in
simply copying the db and files, making sure everything's working, and
then shutting down the old site). As a result, Google's pageranks were
lost, old links were broken and ghost pages were found on Google
searches.
After googling around, I found out what I should have done, and made
my own action list.
Note: While this list contains Apache and Google specific steps, you
can certainly research and replace them with equivalent steps for your
scenario.
Also, Google's change of address only works for root domains (not
bla.othersite.com)
1. Prepare destination environment
Copy files, dbs etc from to the new site, and make sure it's working.
Change whatever absolute (http://bla.com/file) URLs you have in your
site to point to the new domain
Before you get to the next stage, make sure your new site is up to date
(dbs updated etc).
2. Prepare to redirect the old
site
Make sure mod_rewrite is
enabled on the old server. Almost all modern Apache hosts have it
enabled.
Rename / wipe the old site's root directory (including deleting sub
directories). Of course you should back up the files if you delete them.
3. Preform the actual redirection
Create the .htaccess
in the root directory, and set it to contain:
<ifmodule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://NEWDOMAIN.COM/$1 [R=301,L]
</ifmodule>
This will cause mod_rewrite
to redirect all requests to the new domain,
except for files that exist in the old site (that's what the
RewriteConds do, -f
is for files). It's useful because that way you can
keep Google Webmaster Tools' validation file on the old domain, but it
won't be served on the new one.
Test the redirection by:
- Trying to access the old site and getting redirected to the new (working) site
- Putting a file on the old site (such as
test.txt
) and successfully downloading it (viaoldsite.com/test.txt
)
4. Verify sites in Google Webmaster Tools
If you haven't done so already, add both sites to Google Webmaster Tools (it's free!) and validate them according to the site. It's preferable to use the html file validation.
5. Post a change of address
Via Webmaster Tools:
- Open the old site's dashboard
- Click
Site Configuration> Change of Address
- Verify the checklist. Should be overlapping with mine.
- Select the new site from the dropdown below and submit
That's it! Make sure to check Webmaster tools every few days to look for
things such as crawl errors or incoming links pointing to the old
domain, and make sure to google the old and new site to see if Google's
db has updated.
.htaccess
code taken from StackOverflow
Happy migrating!


About a week and a half ago a friend and I smoked some Salvia. I ordered the 5X potency and my friend took 1 hit, he didn't feel it much. So a few days later he took 3 hits and felt the effects pretty hard. Then he didn't do any drugs for a week. So today we smoked a few bowls of good kind bud and got real stoned. We went to go get some pizza and about 2 blocks he said had to stop cause he said he was too stoned.
Then we sat for a little while, and he said he had to go back home. We started walking and he fell flat on his face and didn't break his fall at all. He was passed out for a few seconds then tried to get up and fell again. His eyes rolled back in his head, and he was out cold. Then he got up real confused, talking about the dream he had, he said that all he saw was yellow and he thought he was walking into the sun. So, we slowly walked back to the building and got in the elevator. The elevator was pretty full and he started to trip out. His knees gave and he fell onto this girl.
We finally got back and he described his feelings just like an intense Salvia trip-sweaty and very confusing. Aside from being real stoned and having a scratch on his chin and knee, he was okay after a long nights sleep.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


When people talk about GenZ, some of the things that come up are:
“Low attention span” “Always on the computer” Personally, I believe that GenZ has much more capability than any other generation.
We are the oldest generation that was brought up by the internet.
Most of GenZ has in some way,shape or form interacted with someone from a foreign country very different from there own, something impossible two generations ago.
GenZ has grown with such diverse exposure, Exposure to thoughts, and ideas that were probably not introduced at home.For these reasons, My company, Totle, Is run entirely by GenZ and intends to continue that way.
– Bux Khurana
Know More
Become The Best Version Of Yourself Physically And Mentally.
A Highly Restricted Community With Like Minded Individuals Approaching The Goal Of Bettering Themselves.
Here For You Every Step Of The Way As You Embark On This Journey.
All Sorts Of Self Improvement Content Completely Free Of Cost.


This vignette shows the details of how dtplyr translates dplyr expressions into the equivalent data.table code. If you see places where you think I could generate better data.table code, please let me know!
This document assumes that you’re familiar with the basics of data.table; if you’re not, I recommend starting at vignette("datatable-intro.html")
.
library(dtplyr)
library(data.table)
library(dplyr)
To get started, I’ll create a simple lazy table with lazy_dt()
:
<- data.frame(a = 1:5, b = 1:5, c = 1:5, d = 1:5)
df <- lazy_dt(df) dt
The actual data doesn’t matter here since we’re just looking at the translation.
 It also prints the call that dtplyr will evaluate when we execute the lazy table. In this case it’s very simple:
dt#> Source: local data table [5 x 4]
#> Call: `_DT1`
#>
#> a b c d
#> <int> <int> <int> <int>
#> 1 1 1 1 1
#> 2 2 2 2 2
#> 3 3 3 3 3
#> 4 4 4 4 4
#> 5 5 5 5 5
#>
#> # Use as.data.table()/as.data.frame()/as_tibble() to access results
If we just want to see the generated code, you can use show_query()
. I’ll use that a lot in this vignette.
%>% show_query()
dt #> `_DT1`
Many dplyr verbs have a straightforward translation to either the i
or j
component of [.data.table
.
filter()
and arrange()
filter()
and arrange()
become elements of i
:
%>% arrange(a, b, c) %>% show_query()
dt #> `_DT1`[order(a, b, c)]
%>% filter(b == c) %>% show_query()
dt #> `_DT1`[b == c]
%>% filter(b == c, c == d) %>% show_query()
dt #> `_DT1`[b == c & c == d]
select()
, summarise()
, transmute()
select()
, summarise()
and transmute()
all become elements of j
:
%>% select(a:b) %>% show_query()
dt #> `_DT1`[, .(a, b)]
%>% summarise(a = mean(a)) %>% show_query()
dt #> `_DT1`[, .(a = mean(a))]
%>% transmute(a2 = a * 2) %>% show_query()
dt #> `_DT1`[, .(a2 = a * 2)]
mutate()
also uses the j
component with data.table’s special :=
operator:
%>% mutate(a2 = a * 2, b2 = b * 2) %>% show_query()
dt #> copy(`_DT1`)[, `:=`(a2 = a * 2, b2 = b * 2)]
Note that dplyr will not copy the input data by default, see below for more details.
mutate()
allows to refer to variables that you just created using an “extended j
” expression:
%>% mutate(a2 = a * 2, b2 = b * 2, a4 = a2 * 2) %>% show_query()
dt #> copy(`_DT1`)[, `:=`(c("a2", "b2", "a4"), {
#> a2 <- a * 2
#> b2 <- b * 2
#> a4 <- a2 * 2
#> .(a2, b2, a4)
#> })]
transmute()
works similarly:
%>% transmute(a2 = a * 2, b2 = b * 2, a4 = a2 * 2) %>% show_query()
dt #> `_DT1`[, {
#> a2 <- a * 2
#> b2 <- b * 2
#> a4 <- a2 * 2
#> .(a2, b2, a4)
#> }]
Other verbs require calls to other functions:
rename()
rename()
uses setnames()
:
%>% rename(x = a, y = b) %>% show_query()
dt #> setnames(copy(`_DT1`), c("a", "b"), c("x", "y"))
distinct()
distinct()
uses unique()
:
%>% distinct() %>% show_query()
dt #> unique(`_DT1`)
%>% distinct(a, b) %>% show_query()
dt #> unique(`_DT1`[, .(a, b)])
%>% distinct(a, b, .keep_all = TRUE) %>% show_query()
dt #> unique(`_DT1`, by = c("a", "b"))
distinct()
on a computed column uses an intermediate mutate:
%>% distinct(c = a + b) %>% show_query()
dt #> unique(`_DT1`[, .(c = a + b)])
%>% distinct(c = a + b, .keep_all = TRUE) %>% show_query()
dt #> unique(copy(`_DT1`)[, `:=`(c = a + b)], by = "c")
Most joins use the [.data.table
equivalent:
<- lazy_dt(data.frame(a = 1))
dt2
%>% inner_join(dt2, by = "a") %>% show_query()
dt #> `_DT1`[`_DT2`, on = .(a), nomatch = NULL, allow.cartesian = TRUE]
%>% right_join(dt2, by = "a") %>% show_query()
dt #> `_DT1`[`_DT2`, on = .(a), allow.cartesian = TRUE]
%>% left_join(dt2, by = "a") %>% show_query()
dt #> `_DT2`[`_DT1`, on = .(a), allow.cartesian = TRUE]
%>% anti_join(dt2, by = "a") %>% show_query()
dt #> `_DT1`[!`_DT2`, on = .(a)]
But full_join()
uses merge()
%>% full_join(dt2, by = "a") %>% show_query()
dt #> merge(`_DT1`, `_DT2`, all = TRUE, by.x = "a", by.y = "a", allow.cartesian = TRUE)
In some case extra calls to data.table::setcolorder()
and data.table::setnames()
are required to ensure correct column order and names in:
<- lazy_dt(data.frame(b = 1, a = 1))
dt3
%>% left_join(dt3, by = "a") %>% show_query()
dt #> setnames(setcolorder(`_DT3`[`_DT1`, on = .(a), allow.cartesian = TRUE],
#> c(2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 1L)), c("i.b", "b"), c("b.x", "b.y"))
%>% full_join(dt3, by = "b") %>% show_query()
dt #> setcolorder(merge(`_DT1`, `_DT3`, all = TRUE, by.x = "b", by.y = "b",
#> allow.cartesian = TRUE), c(2L, 1L, 3L, 4L, 5L))
Semi-joins are little more complex:
%>% semi_join(dt2, by = "a") %>% show_query()
dt #> `_DT1`[unique(`_DT1`[`_DT2`, which = TRUE, nomatch = NULL, on = .(a)])]
Set operations use the fast data.table alternatives:
%>% intersect(dt2) %>% show_query()
dt #> fintersect(`_DT1`, `_DT2`)
%>% setdiff(dt2) %>% show_query()
dt #> fsetdiff(`_DT1`, `_DT2`)
%>% union(dt2) %>% show_query()
dt #> funion(`_DT1`, `_DT2`)
Just like in dplyr, group_by()
doesn’t do anything by itself, but instead modifies the operation of downstream verbs. This generally just involves using the keyby
argument:
%>% group_by(a) %>% summarise(b = mean(b)) %>% show_query()
dt #> `_DT1`[, .(b = mean(b)), keyby = .(a)]
You may use by
instead of keyby
if you set arrange = FALSE
:
%>% group_by(a, arrange = FALSE) %>% summarise(b = mean(b)) %>% show_query()
dt #> `_DT1`[, .(b = mean(b)), by = .(a)]
Often, there won’t be too much of a difference between these, but for larger grouped operations, the overhead of reordering data may become significant. In these situations, using arrange = FALSE
becomes preferable.
The primary exception is grouped filter()
, which requires the use of .SD
:
%>% group_by(a) %>% filter(b < mean(b)) %>% show_query()
dt #> `_DT1`[`_DT1`[, .I[b < mean(b)], by = .(a)]$V1]
dtplyr tries to generate generate data.table code as close as possible to what you’d write by hand, as this tends to unlock data.table’s tremendous speed. For example, if you filter()
and then select()
, dtplyr generates a single [
:
%>%
dt filter(a == 1) %>%
select(-a) %>%
show_query()
#> `_DT1`[a == 1, .(b, c, d)]
And similarly when combining filtering and summarising:
%>%
dt group_by(a) %>%
filter(b < mean(b)) %>%
summarise(c = max(c)) %>%
show_query()
#> `_DT1`[`_DT1`[, .I[b < mean(b)], by = .(a)]$V1, .(c = max(c)),
#> keyby = .(a)]
This is particularly nice when joining two tables together because you can select variables after you have joined and data.table will only carry those into the join:
<- lazy_dt(data.frame(x = 1, y = 2))
dt3 <- lazy_dt(data.frame(x = 1, a = 2, b = 3, c = 4, d = 5, e = 7))
dt4
%>%
dt3 left_join(dt4) %>%
select(x, a:c) %>%
show_query()
#> Joining, by = "x"
#> setcolorder(`_DT5`[`_DT4`, on = .(x), allow.cartesian = TRUE],
#> c(1L, 7L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L))[, .(x, a, b, c)]
Note, however, that select()
ing and then filter()
ing must generate two separate calls to [
, because data.table evaluates i
before j
.
%>%
dt select(X = a, Y = b) %>%
filter(X == 1) %>%
show_query()
#> `_DT1`[, .(X = a, Y = b)][X == 1]
Similarly, a filter()
and mutate()
can’t be combined because dt[a == 1, .(b2 := b * 2)]
would modify the selected rows in place:
%>%
dt filter(a == 1) %>%
mutate(b2 = b * 2) %>%
show_query()
#> `_DT1`[a == 1][, `:=`(b2 = b * 2)]
By default dtplyr avoids mutating the input data, automatically creating a copy()
if needed:
%>% mutate(a2 = a * 2, b2 = b * 2) %>% show_query()
dt #> copy(`_DT1`)[, `:=`(a2 = a * 2, b2 = b * 2)]
Note that dtplyr does its best to avoid needless copies, so it won’t explicitly copy if there’s already an implicit copy produced by [
, head()
, merge()
or similar:
%>%
dt filter(x == 1) %>%
mutate(a2 = a * 2, b2 = b * 2) %>%
show_query()
#> `_DT1`[x == 1][, `:=`(a2 = a * 2, b2 = b * 2)]
You can choose to opt out of this copy, and take advantage of data.table’s reference semantics (see vignette("datatable-reference-semantics")
for more details). Do this by setting immutable = FALSE
on construction:
<- data.table(a = 1:10)
dt2
<- lazy_dt(dt2, immutable = FALSE)
dt_inplace %>% mutate(a2 = a * 2, b2 = b * 2) %>% show_query()
dt_inplace #> `_DT6`[, `:=`(a2 = a * 2, b2 = b * 2)]
There are two components to the performance of dtplyr: how long it takes to generate the translation, and how well the translation performs. Given my explorations so far, I’m reasonably confident that we’re generating high-quality data.table code, so most of the cost should be in the translation itself.
The following code briefly explores the performance of a few different translations. A signficant amount of work is done by the dplyr verbs, so we benchmark the whole process.
::mark(
benchfilter = dt %>% filter(a == b, c == d),
mutate = dt %>% mutate(a = a * 2, a4 = a2 * 2, a8 = a4 * 2) %>% show_query(),
summarise = dt %>% group_by(a) %>% summarise(b = mean(b)) %>% show_query(),
check = FALSE
1:6]
)[#> # A tibble: 3 × 6
#> expression min median `itr/sec` mem_alloc `gc/sec`
#> <bch:expr> <bch:tm> <bch:tm> <dbl> <bch:byt> <dbl>
#> 1 filter 391µs 410µs 2382. 0B 35.3
#> 2 mutate 676µs 717µs 1350. 0B 35.2
#> 3 summarise 428µs 449µs 2168. 0B 32.3
These translations all take less than a millisecond, suggesting that the performance overhead of dtplyr should be negligible for realistic data sizes. Note that dtplyr run-time scales with the complexity of the pipeline, not the size of the data, so these timings should apply regardless of the size of the underlying data1.
Unless a copy is performed.↩


--- layout: attachment title: QQ20120620-3 categories: [] tags: [] published: false comments: true ---


Haiku Finder
% if haikus:Your Found Haikus
% for haiku in haikus:
${haiku[0]}
${haiku[1]}
${haiku[2]}
% endfor
${haiku[1]}
${haiku[2]}
Mu
There were no haikus
that I was able to find
in your pasted text.
that I was able to find
in your pasted text.
This thingy looks for sentences or groups of sentences whose words fall in groups of 5, 7, and 5 syllables. It follows a few simple rules to discard obviously awkward breaks, although it still lets some through. Paste in the text of a book from the Gutenberg project, a political speech or deposition, or some dry legal document to find the soul within.
Longer texts have a better chance of containing inadvertent haikus.


Tags
The tags that appears in the template are replaced by the matching values. Example :
Data :
| my_tag |
|---|
| dolor |
Template :
Lorem @my_tag ipsum
Output :
Lorem dolor ipsum
Template indentation
Use the ';;' special marker to indent your template. This marker can be inserted at any position in the template, any space characters (including tabs and line breaks) following the marker will be removed.
Template :
Quare hoc quidem praeceptum, cuiuscumque est. ;;
ad tollendam amicitiam valet. ;;
potius praecipiendum fuit. ;;
ut eam diligentiam adhiberemus.
Output :
Quare hoc quidem praeceptum, cuiuscumque est. ad tollendam amicitiam valet. potius praecipiendum fuit. ut eam diligentiam adhiberemus.
Core functions :
'set'
Set new tag within the template in order to be used further.
Data :
| sex |
|---|
| f |
Template example :
#set{@who|#if{sex == 'm'|boy|girl}};;
#set{@hello|#random{Hello,Goodbye,Hi}};;
@hello @who
Output example :
Hi girl
'if'
Display text depending on a condition. The first parameter is the condition to check for. The second parameter is returned if the condition is true. The third optional parameter is returned if the condition is false. Read more about the syntax for the conditions on the Symfony website. Examples :
#if{@val == 5|the value equals 5}
#if{@val == 5|the value equals 5|the value doesn't equal 5}
#if{@val < 5 or @val > 15|the value is lower that 5 or greater that 15|the value is between 5 and 15}
#if{(@val > 5 and @val < 15) or (@val > 10 and @val < 30)|then statement ...|else statement ...}
'expr'
Returns the evaluated expression. Read more about the syntax for the expressions on the Symfony website. Examples :
#expr{@age - (@current_year - @first_movie_year)}
#expr{(@value / @population) * 100}
'filter'
Filter the arguments in order to ouput a result, here are some examples :
#filter{upperfirst|@word} will output Lorem (if @word = lorem)
#filter{round|@value|2} will output 56.23 (if @value = 56.23346)
#filter{timestamp|d/m/Y|1470339485} will output 04/08/2016
#filter{timestamp|Y} will output 2016
#filter{date|2016-08-09|Y-m-d|d/m/Y} will output 09/08/2016
#filter{number|@value} will output 564,564 (if @value = 564564)
#filter{number|@value|0|,| } will output 564 564 (if @value = 564564)
Available filters : round, ceil, floor, max, min, rand, number, lower, upper, lowerfirst, upperfirst, upperwords, trim, timestamp, date. For the filters directly mapped to PHP functions, you can get more information with the PHP documentation. Custom filters can easily be added through the FilterFunction::addFilter() method.
'loop'
Handle loop on a tag that contains an array of multiple data. Arguments list :
- 1/ The tag that contains an array to loop on
- 2/ Maximum number of items to loop on ('*' to loop on all elements)
- 3/ Whether the items should be shuffled or not (true/false)
- 4/ Separator between each item
- 5/ Separator for the last item
- 6/ The template for each item
Example with the tag 'tag_name' that contains a JSON array :
| tag_name |
|---|
| [{"name": "Bill"}, {"name": "Bob"}, {"name": "John"}] |
Hello #loop{@tag_name|*|true|, | and |dear @name}.
It will output : Hello dear John, dear Bob and dear Bill.
'random'
Return randomly one of the arguments
Template example :
#random{first option|second option|third option}
Output example :
second option
'prandom'
Return randomly one of the arguments, taking account of the probability set to each value. In the example below, the first parameter 'one' will have 80% of chance to be output.
Template example :
#random{80:first option|10:second option|10:third option}
Output example :
first option
'shuffle'
Return the arguments shuffled. The first argument is the separator between each others.
Template example :
#shuffle{ |one|two|three}
Output example :
two three one
'choose'
Return the chosen argument among the list. The first argument is the ID of the argument to output (starting from 1).
Data :
| my_choice |
|---|
| 2 |
Template example :
#choose{1|one|two|three} #choose{@my_choice|one|two|three}
Output example :
one two
For instance, 'choose' function can be used in combination with 'set' function :
Template example :
#set{my_choice|#random{1,2,3}};;
Lorem #choose{@my_choice|one|two|three} ipsum #choose{@my_choice|first|second|third}
Output example :
Lorem two ipsum second
Complete example :
Template :
#set{@pronoun|#if{@sex == 'm'|He|She}};;
@firstname @lastname is an @nationality #if{@sex == 'm'|actor|actress} of @age years old. ;;
@pronoun was born in @birthdate in @birth_city (@birth_country). ;;
#shuffle{ |;;
#random{Throughout|During|All along} #if{sex == 'm'|his|her} career, #random{@pronoun|@lastname} was nominated @nominations_number time#if{@nominations_number > 1|s} for the oscars and has won @awards_number time#if{@awards_number > 1|s}.|;;
#if{@awards_number > 1 and (@awards_number / @nominations_number) >= 0.5|@lastname is accustomed to win oscars.}|;;
@firstname @lastname first movie, "@first_movie_name", was shot in @first_movie_year (at #expr{@age - (#filter{timestamp|Y} - @first_movie_year)} years old).|;;
One of #if{@sex == 'm'|his|her} most #random{famous|important|major} #random{film|movie} is @famous_movie_name and has been released in @famous_movie_year. ;;
#prandom{20:|80:Indeed, }@famous_movie_name #random{earned|gained|made|obtained} $#filter{number|@famous_movie_earn} #random{worldwide|#random{across|around} the world}. ;;
#loop{@other_famous_movies|*|true|, | and |@name (@year)} are some other great movies from @lastname.;;
}
Data :
| firstname | lastname | birthdate | age | sex | nationality | birth_city | birth_country | awards_number | nominations_number | movies_number | first_movie_name | first_movie_year | famous_movie_name | famous_movie_year | famous_movie_earn | other_famous_movies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leonardo | DiCaprio | November 11, 1974 | 41 | m | American | Hollywood | US | 1 | 6 | 37 | Critters 3 | 1991 | Titanic | 1997 |<PHONE_NUMBER> | [{"name": "Catch Me If You Can", "year": "2002"}, {"name": "Shutter Island", "year": "2010"}, {"name": "Inception", "year": "2010"}] |
| Jodie | Foster | November 19, 1962 | 53 | f | American | Los Angeles | US | 2 | 4 | 75 | My Sister Hank | 1972 | Taxi Driver | 1976 | 28262574 | [{"name": "The Silence of the Lambs", "year": "1991"}, {"name": "Contact", "year": ""}, {"name": "The Accused", "year": "1988"}] |
Output :
Leonardo DiCaprio is an American actor of 41 years old. He was born in November 11, 1974 in Hollywood (US). One of his most famous film is Titanic and has been released in 1997. Indeed, Titanic obtained $2,185,372,302 around the world. Catch Me If You Can (2002), Inception (2010) and Shutter Island (2010) are some other great movies from DiCaprio. Leonardo DiCaprio first movie, "Critters 3", was shot in 1991 (at 16 years old). All along his career, He was nominated 6 times for the oscars and has won 1 time.
Jodie Foster is an American actress of 51 years old. She was born in November 19, 1962 in Los Angeles (US). Foster is accustomed to win oscars. One of her most important film is Taxi Driver and has been released in 1976. Indeed, Taxi Driver obtained $28,262,574 worldwide. The Accused (1988) and The Silence of the Lambs (1991) are some other great movies from Foster. Jodie Foster first movie, "My Sister Hank", was shot in 1972 (at 7 years old). Throughout her career, Foster was nominated 4 times for the oscars and has won 2 times.


In this example, your real position will be mocked so that you can see the toast even if you are outside of the EU.
We are also using the use-session-storage
option so that
you can just close the page and re-open it to test the consent again.


Trader Zenkin:
You again? I told you already... I sold Maestro Reorin's Mold. Why don't you go ask
Magister Kaspar
about it. He is at
Hardin's Academy
.


LSHTC is a series of challenges which aims to assess the performance of classification systems in large-scale classification in a a large number of classes (up to hundreds of thousands). Four editions of the LSHTC challenge were organized from 2010 to 2014.
In this page you can download the datasets used in the different editions of the challenge.
The datasets are provided in the Libsvm format where each line corresponds to an instance. For each dataset, we also provide a hierarchy file which contains parent-child relations for the categories of the dataset. For further details, please refer to the corrsponding paper LSHTC: A Benchmark for Large-Scale Text Classification
All datasets in this edition are multi-label. The DMOZ dataset contains a tree hierarchy while the Wikipedia small dataset hierarchy is a DAG. Finally, the Wiki-large is a graph with cycles.
The main addition in this edition of the challenges was the release of the raw text data for the small Wikipedia dataset.
The fourth edition of LSHTC run as a Kaggle competition using the large Wikipedia dataset.
Please cite the following paper if you use any of the LSHTC datasets:
@article{PartalasKBAPGAA15, author = {Ioannis Partalas and Aris Kosmopoulos and Nicolas Baskiotis and Thierry Arti{\`{e}}res and George Paliouras and {\'{E}}ric Gaussier and Ion Androutsopoulos and Massih{-}Reza Amini and Patrick Gallinari}, title = {{LSHTC:} {A} Benchmark for Large-Scale Text Classification}, journal = {CoRR}, volume = {abs/1503.08581}, year = {2015} }
For further requests or questions please contact Ioannis Partalas: firstname [dot] lastname [at] gmail [dot] com


Bluetooth Speakers for Computers at Deal Prices
by Review TeamWhen you wish to listen to music from your computer but want better clarity and audio output, you should invest in Bluetooth speakers. These are external speakers and are available in different shapes, sizes, and sound output ratings. They can be connected wirelessly with most devices of your choice. It can be your PC, tablet or even your mobile. You will have the choice to also connect with an aux cable. The pack may include this cable or the speaker will have the provision for you to buy the cable separately and connect. The manufacturers, however, expect that you will make full use of the Bluetooth capability of these speakers.
TaoTronics Bluetooth 5.0 Computer Speaker
The TaoTronics Bluetooth 5.0 speaker is quite a compact unit occupying very little space and features two full-range 5W speakers. This ensures that you keep carrying on your chores around the house listening to whatever you want through the speakers. You can connect to the main device via Bluetooth or through the auxiliary cable provided. You don’t need much space to keep this speaker.
This TaoTronics Bluetooth 5.0 computer speaker is on a deal price of $42.49. This is $7.5 off the list price of $49.99.
TaoTronics Gaming Computer Speaker
This TaoTronics Bluetooth soundbar packs a couple of 7W speakers that deliver powerful stereo sound from the source whether it is a computer or any other device. The RGB lighting on the soundbar increases excitement while playing a game. You have the option to turn the lights off if you don’t want them. You can opt for a headphone listening experience if you wish to avoid disturbing the others in your household through the 3.5 mm aux port provided.
This TaoTronics Bluetooth soundbar is on a deal price of $46.74 down $8.25 from the earlier price of $54.99.
TaoTronics Computer Speaker
This TaoTronics soundbar cum stereo speaker is a powerful addition to your computer when you wish for better sound from your computer or other devices. This is a wired speaker and the device you want to connect must have a 3.5 mm auxiliary port for the connection. You can use the blue-colored cable provided to connect a headphone as well. There’s a knob provided on the side to adjust the volume.
The price of this compact TaoTronics computer speaker is now only $29.74; It used to be priced at $34.99.


"Slaughter. Plunder. Repeat!"
"Slaughter. Plunder. Repeat!"
Middle Line Support: With a unique ultimate hat rewards teammates for killing enemies, as well as the ability to become invisible, Garrick is a deadly addition to the Middle Line
| Health | 61 | Health | 138 | |
| Physical Attack | 5.5 | Physical Attack | 12.3 | |
| Magic Attack | 0 | Magic Attack | 0 | |
| Physical Armor | 1.6 | Physical Armor | 3.6 | |
| Magic Armor | 1.5 | Magic Armor | 3.3 |
None
A random "prize" is placed on the head of every enemy, the hero who kills them will get the prize. The prizes are of 5 types: Health, Energy, Physical Attack, Physical Shield and Magic Shield. Affected enemies take double the Damage from Basic Attacks and may not become invisible. The ability also increases the Attack Speed of allies
Garrick becomes invisible and cannot be selected as the target for Single-Target enemy abilities. Using a Basic Attack ends Garrick's invisibility, but the Basic Attack deals Additional Damage
Throw a ninja star at the enemy party dealing Physical Damage and Stunning enemies it hits for short period
Garrick's Physical Attack gradually builds up over time, eventually being released and providing a large Damage Increase to a Basic Attack
The lower the Health of enemy Heroes Garrick has marked with his Ultimate, the more easily they will take Damage. Against Heroes with very high Max Health, the effectiveness will be reduced by 40%
When an enemy unit gets close to Garrick, there is a chance of activating a defense system which Stuns the enemy unit for 2.5 seconds (ineffective against illusionary or summoned units)
Ability only available while Soldier of Anarchy Skin is equipped
*Key items required to fuse up to Orange+2 and fully equip. Not all items required for fusions listed. Signature Item not included.


Tales of Hoffman (1951) A film review by Race Mathews Copyright 1996 Race Mathews
The action of the Voyager Company in making available the neglected Powell and Pressburger masterpiece "the Tales of Hoffman" has been insufficiently acknowledged and applauded. "Hoffman" was released in 1951, at a time when the gritty realist school of cinema was dominant. The critics of the day were uncomprehending of the deliberate artifice of what Powell called his "totally composed" film. The sheer beauty of the production, the brilliance of the cast and the glories of Offenbach's music as conducted by Sir Thomas Beecham largely went over their heads. A similar obtuseness has been expressed more recently by Powell's fellow British director, Ken Russell. It remained for the young Martin Scorsese to grasp Powell's intention, from a black and white screening on television. That the film could have so great an impact, even in the absence of the lush and carefully planned colour for which Powell and Pressburger were renowned, speaks volumes for what the critics overlooked.
"Hoffman" was a follow-up by Powell and Pressburger to their earlier stunning box office success with "The Red Shoes". The theme of the film is Hoffman's disappointed love affairs with the Parisian mechanical doll Olympia (Moira Shearer), the Venetian courtesan, Giulietta (Ludmilla Tcherina), and the Greek singer, Antonia (Ann Ayars). The action occurs in the context of a fourth affair, with the actress Stella (Shearer again), whom Hoffman (Robert Rounseville) also loses. The separate tales are tied together by Hoffman, his muse, Nicklaus (Pamela Brown), and his nemesis, Lindorf (Robert Helpmann), who appears successively in the guises of the spectacle-maker, Coppelius, the magician, Dapertutto, and the doctor, Dr Miracle. Two ballets - the entrancingly beautiful Dragonfly Ballet and the Ballad of Kleinzach - were created for the film by the leading British choreographer of the day, Frederich Ashton, who also danced their male roles. Sets by the great stage and screen designer, Hein Heckroth, were never better than in "Hoffman". Sequences such as when Guilietta and Dapertutto move towards Hoffman in their gondola to the music of the Barcarolle or when Lindorf strips off a series of masks to expose his various roles in Hoffman's undoing are literally unforgettable.
Unhappily, Criterion's version omits a brief passage from the "Kleinzach" sequence, and a snippet from the "Antonia" tale is likewise seems to be missing. Powell also allowed Pressburger to talk him into dropping from the finale a sequence where Pamela Brown - surely one of the most screen's most bewitching presences - makes her last appearance as Nicklaus. Powell recalls in the second volume of his memoirs - Million Dollar Movie - Heckroth "painting her with gold leaf as the Muse of Hoffman. He had crowned her with golden laurels and swathed her in the lightest of golden drapes". It is to be hoped that someday some brave restorer will salvage these missing fragments from wherever they are currently gathering dust, and enable "Hoffman" to be seen precisely as Powell intended.
Like Scorsese, I was entranced by my first exposure to "Hoffman", and saw it seven more times before its season in Melbourne in 1952 ended. It was a great grief to me that it was never revived in Australia, and I now count having come across the Criterion discs a few days after their release, in the course of a short visit to New York, as one of my luckier experiences. If there had never been a Criterion "Lawrence", "Spartacus", "Kane" or now "Brazil" - if the Voyager Company had never produced anything but "Hoffman" - movie lovers would have ample reason to be grateful. A classic movie collection without "Hoffman" cannot be other than incomplete.
Email address<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Tools ...
full screen
(random order!!!)
developer? entrepeneur? visionary? He doesn't know either, he thinks he belongs to human beings
Dev IOT/plc
Student of Business Intelligence Jr.Business Analyst.
Strategy & Business Consultant, Innovator, Board Member.


|
BuildmLearn Store
<IP_ADDRESS>
A Windows Phone app, which is a store for apps built using BuildmLearn ToolKit
|
This page deals with the Quiz-App template. More...
Public Member Functions | |
| void | Connect (int connectionId, object target) |
| void | InitializeComponent () |
| void | Connect (int connectionId, object target) |
| void | InitializeComponent () |
| QuizPage () | |
| Public Construtor to the QuizPage. More... | |
| void | populateQuestion (int index) |
| It populates the question with the index passed into the current view. More... | |
Protected Member Functions | |
| override void | OnNavigatedTo (NavigationEventArgs e) |
| The methods provided in this section are simply used to allow NavigationHelper to respond to the page's navigation methods. More... | |
| override void | OnNavigatedFrom (NavigationEventArgs e) |
| The methods provided in this section are simply used to allow NavigationHelper to respond to the page's navigation methods. More... | |
Properties | |
| NavigationHelper | NavigationHelper [get] |
| Gets the NavigationHelper associated with this Page. More... | |
| ObservableDictionary | DefaultViewModel [get] |
| Gets the view model for this Page. More... | |
Private Member Functions | |
| void | NavigationHelper_LoadState (object sender, LoadStateEventArgs e) |
| Populates the page with content passed during navigation. More... | |
| void | NavigationHelper_SaveState (object sender, SaveStateEventArgs e) |
| Preserves state associated with this page in case the application is suspended or the page is discarded from the navigation cache. More... | |
| void | Options_Checked (object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) |
| Executed when any of the options are checked. More... | |
| void | Next_Click (object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) |
| Executed when the Next Button is tapped. More... | |
Private Attributes | |
| global::Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Grid | LayoutRoot |
| global::Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Grid | ContentRoot |
| global::Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.StackPanel | QuestionContent |
| global::Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.TextBlock | QuestionNumber |
| global::Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.TextBlock | Question |
| global::Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.RadioButton | Option1 |
| global::Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.RadioButton | Option2 |
| global::Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.RadioButton | Option3 |
| global::Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.RadioButton | Option4 |
| global::Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Button | Skip |
| global::Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Button | Next |
| global::Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.TextBlock | pageTitle |
| bool | _contentLoaded |
| NavigationHelper | navigationHelper |
| ObservableDictionary | defaultViewModel = new ObservableDictionary() |
| Models.QuizModel | quiz |
| int | iQuestionIndex = 0 |
| int | iCurrentCorrectAnswer =0 |
| int | iNumberofQuestions = 0 |
This page deals with the Quiz-App template.
| AppStore.Templates.QuizPage.QuizPage | ( | ) |
Public Construtor to the QuizPage.
Populates the views pertaining to this page.
| void AppStore.Templates.QuizPage.Connect | ( | int | connectionId, |
| object | target | ||
| ) |
| void AppStore.Templates.QuizPage.Connect | ( | int | connectionId, |
| object | target | ||
| ) |
| void AppStore.Templates.QuizPage.InitializeComponent | ( | ) |
| void AppStore.Templates.QuizPage.InitializeComponent | ( | ) |
|
private |
Populates the page with content passed during navigation.
Any saved state is also provided when recreating a page from a prior session.
| sender | The source of the event; typically NavigationHelper |
| e | Event data that provides both the navigation parameter passed to Frame.Navigate(Type, Object) when this page was initially requested and a dictionary of state preserved by this page during an earlier session. The state will be null the first time a page is visited. |
|
private |
Preserves state associated with this page in case the application is suspended or the page is discarded from the navigation cache.
Values must conform to the serialization requirements of SuspensionManager.SessionState.
| sender | The source of the event; typically NavigationHelper |
| e | Event data that provides an empty dictionary to be populated with serializable state. |
|
private |
Executed when the Next Button is tapped.
It populates the next question in the current view.
| sender | Object Sender is a parameter called Sender that contains a reference to the control/object that raised the event. |
| e | RoutedEventArgs e is a parameter called e that contains the event data, see the RoutedEventArgs MSDN page for more information. |
|
protected |
The methods provided in this section are simply used to allow NavigationHelper to respond to the page's navigation methods.
Page specific logic should be placed in event handlers for the NavigationHelper.LoadState and NavigationHelper.SaveState. The navigation parameter is available in the LoadState method in addition to page state preserved during an earlier session.
| e | Provides data for navigation methods and event handlers that cannot cancel the navigation request. |
|
protected |
The methods provided in this section are simply used to allow NavigationHelper to respond to the page's navigation methods.
Page specific logic should be placed in event handlers for the NavigationHelper.LoadState and NavigationHelper.SaveState. The navigation parameter is available in the LoadState method in addition to page state preserved during an earlier session.
| e | Provides data for navigation methods and event handlers that cannot cancel the navigation request. |
|
private |
Executed when any of the options are checked.
| sender | Object Sender is a parameter called Sender that contains a reference to the control/object that raised the event. |
| e | RoutedEventArgs e is a parameter called e that contains the event data, see the RoutedEventArgs MSDN page for more information. |
| void AppStore.Templates.QuizPage.populateQuestion | ( | int | index | ) |
It populates the question with the index passed into the current view.
| index | The index of the question which will be populated in the current view. |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
get |
Gets the view model for this Page.
This can be changed to a strongly typed view model.
|
get |
Gets the NavigationHelper associated with this Page.


Katelyn Strobel
Menu
Home
About
Resume
Tableau
Katelyn Strobel Resume
View my experience and qualifications.
Katelyn Strobel
Work Experience
Student Body Vice President - Brigham Young University
2017 - Present. Provo, UT
Increased student service events’ reach from 30% to 97% of students using specific campus-wide demographic targeting
Managed $300,000 budget to support 350+ student activities, clubs, and councils across 33,000 student campus
Oversaw 100+ volunteers during election campaign, resulting in biggest winning margins in recent history (55% of total vote)
Used social media marketing campaign to generate record breaking student engagement with 218K social media impressions
Startup Cofounder and CEO – AllyWatch
2017 - Present. Provo, UT
Machine learning startup company which provides emergency response for in-home elderly
Won competitive seat as a Crocker Innovation Fellow (12% acceptance rate), securing access to $50,000 cash funding
Managed development team to create biomonitoring Apple Watch and iPhone application in under 6 months
Awarded Miller Business Model Competition 3rd Place, Social Venture Academy Best Idea, Opportunity Quest 3rd place
Digital Marketing Specialist – Canopy
2018 - Present. Lehi, UT
Advanced work with B2B Google AdWords, LinkedIn, Facebook Advertising; A/B testing conversion increased by 116%
Lead Company’s Product Persona Data analysis, A/B Testing Platform, and Business Analytics Stack
Lead Business Data Analyst Intern – Benetech
2016. Lehi, UT
Used Microsoft Access to migrate 600+ marketing spreadsheets into a single SQL database reducing analysis time by 40%
Conducted 50+ usability studies to analyze customer onboarding experience, improving SEO exposure and conversion by 10%
Education
Brigham Young University – Marriott School of Business
Honors Bachelor of Science in Business Management. Provo, UT
GPA 3.72/4.00
Minor in Communications
Skills, Interests, & Service
Proficient in Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Lightroom, and Final Cut Pro, SQL, HTML, C++
Raised $15,000 for college scholarship assistance for underprivileged women; presented curriculum to over 10,000 students
Undergraduate Honors Program Thesis work studying the scientific method in startup processes
Miss Idaho Runner-up, Overall Talent and Interview Winner, awarded $20,000 in scholarship


Your Order Image Product Name Quantity Price SubTotal Action Item #1 Item #1 Item #1 Item #2 Item #2 Item #2 Item #3 Item #3 Item #3 Item #4 Item #4 Item #4
ESTIMATE SHIPPING AND TAX enter your tax * Region / State Bangladesh Albania Åland Islands Afghanistan Belgium * Region / State Bangladesh Albania Åland Islands Afghanistan Belgium * Zip/Postal Code USE COUPON CODE Enter your coupon code if you have one. Enter your coupon code if you have one. Check Out Total pay


Expense Approver: {{ isExpenseApprover }}
Invoice Approver: {{ isInvoiceApprover }}
Error: {{ error }}


Monthly Archives: June 2013
HAW Education Award 2013 – DEADLINE APPROACHINGATTENTION WASHINGTON STATE HMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS The deadline to submit your HAW Education Award application is approaching: June 16th 2013 Applications can be found on the links below. Education In our effort to promote higher education, HAW will be offering a $500 education award for 2013. To qualify you must be a High School senior graduating this summer/fall 2013 and planning on attending a 2 or 4-year college in the next fall/winter quarter. Qualified candidates for the award MUST meet the following requirements: 1) graduating HS in 2013 2) attending a 2 or 4 year college next fall/winter
a letter of acceptance from the college or university is required
or
a letter of intent to attend college will be acceptable on a case-by-case basis.
3) Complete and submit the HAW Education Award Application by June 16th 2013.


It all depends on the program. Usually “-“ is used for ‘short’ options (one-letter, -h), and “–” is used for “long”(er) options (–help).
Short options can usually be combined (so “-h -a” is same as “-ha”)
One exception I found was find
which uses single dash, but full names like
find /usr/src -name CVS
.
– is not in POSIX, but GNU recommends it and it makes for better readability.


Imagine a live party playlist where everyone has a voice.
Songs may be searched and requested by anyone with a link
at anytime from a single page.
No signup necessary.
Every request will have score and will be open to be voted on.
If your music sucks, thanks to everyone else, we won't have to deal with it.
At -3 points, a requested song will be removed.
As requests score higher than others, the queue is changed while
the songs ranked highest are played next off the top.
RULES:
The host must have a Premium Spotify account.
The song after the current will be locked in order for the program to work. Blame Spotify.
The host must not play in shuffled mode and for the time-being, cannot skip songs.
Refrain from touching the Spotify App as much as possible with the except for volume.
FEATURES:
Current Song Display: No more asking what song is playing.
Volume Adjust Request: Too loud? Not bumping enough?
Vistors can anonomously request that a volume change is made in either direction
and the host is able to the stats for either. Doesn't matter they'll do anything about it.
Yes, I made this for you Mikey.
History and Playlist Link: Do you ever hear that song that comes up the following day
which just won't get out of your head? Significantly worse when you didn't know the song to start with.
Take home the playlist with a history lasting 24 hours and a playlist to all the music that was played.


Design, build, and deliver internal tools faster.
Provide employees with the perfect tools to grow.
Streamline operations with built-in automations.
Connect your data to pinpoint growth opportunties.


Awareness of Lever should come up in Tiers that are guided by our curriculum. Skills in one category are not useful without the others.
So I've started to draft tiers that each teach harder topics than earlier one from each category.
This guide would teach the first tier of:
Considering what this guide should contain: functions variables, function scope? elif/else? while? for? Decided that it will at least contain: basic program flow / evaluation rules. local variables if rules for equality and inequality ==, != false/null -condition.


Leath
Colin Leath
26 March 2006
Show Why You Want to Teach Composition
Writing improves due to meaningful interaction with text. Therefore I organize my course to facilitate students’ engagement in reading and writing. In fact, the most important skill my students practice is not writing but engagement with writing. As in Elbow’s teacherless writing groups, students do this by creating and seeking audiences and communities—including their preferred academic discourse community—which pull them to develop their own voice, the skill to get their voice heard, and their ability to understand others. Within the limits I establish in my syllabus and the requirement that the course focus on argument, critical inquiry, and rhetorical technique, the structure of the course will emerge based on what most helps students become engaged in the writing they are doing for class.
My course also asks students to improve the systems we compose, compose with, and are composed of. I help students recognize writing as a technology that can block or aid vitality, and we will discover ways to benefit from writing while mitigating harm it can cause. Overall, students will practice ways of writing, reading, evaluating, and interacting that help them to inspire others and live well. So apparent will be the benefits they receive thereby that they will continue to develop these powers outside of the course and beyond academics.
I am qualified to do this for several reasons.
I have created and sought environments which draw me to write. An example of this is my website for people who do not use cars, carfreeuniverse.org. Carfreeuniverse is descended from a personal archive I developed, experienceart.org [now at: purl.oclc.org/net/ea/]. To balance the self-focus of that archive, I created a site where I would write with others in mind and where others could do the same. This was Dream Site Ø, for “the sharing of dreams, visions, and questions for self and society.” That prompt did not work for me. On the other hand, I had plenty to say on the carfree theme, which has room for sadness and anger along with the dreams, and a clearer audience whose problems I shared. My focus in the past has been not so much to get my writing read, but to encourage others by my example to share as I was sharing, or to “inspire others to find their voice” (Covey 102). Those who find voice by listening help earth benefit from consciousness.
For two years I have designed and facilitated programs that foster teambuilding and personal development. Several skills from that position transfer to the composition classroom.
I am sensitive to individual and group energy and can modulate that energy meaningfully. I design my programs based on what I learn about the group’s needs in advance, but modifications are often necessary, and I am able to change the activity or substitute another to be more effective. In addition, each activity has a frame and a debrief, and the program itself has an opening and a closing. A good program, a good dance class, and the best courses have deliberate elements of ceremony and variation.
I also help participants connect the surface meaning of an activity to more important aspects of their life. For example, I ask a participant to consider how all that goes into being able to jump off the top of a telephone pole symbolizes all that goes into being able to graduate from high school; I use group jump rope—where each team member must jump the rope in sequence without a beat being missed—to highlight the need to work with teammates’ differing abilities; and I ask preteens in a Fear Factor-themed summer camp to consider, “What is the greatest challenge I will face in life and how can I prepare for it?” and to share their responses the following day. I will find similar ways of adding meaning to the composition course.
An instructor should enhance students’ intrinsic motivation. As part of RWS 609, I have developed a draft of an Elbow-inspired evaluation system to emphasize engagement and to help students make evaluation a tool they use rather than ignore or fear or have imposed upon them. Details are at <http://j9k.org/back/rws609/responsetoessay.pdf> and <http://j9k.org/back/rws609/responsetoessay_discussion.pdf>, and the grid I developed follows.
|
Weak |
Satis-factory |
Strong |
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
Your engagement with your subject (a self-rating). How much did this mean to you? Emotional engagement leads to intellectual engagement and to passion you can share = why you are here. |
|
|
|
|
Sharing your engagement; art and craft |
|
|
|
|
Tone, emotion, in service of purpose |
|
|
|
|
Ideas, insights, thinking, logic; show of skills assignment requested |
|
|
|
|
Organization, structure, helping the reader; rhetorical technique |
|
|
|
|
Language, sentences, wording |
|
|
|
|
Mechanics: spelling, grammar, punctuation, proofreading |
|
|
|
|
MLA or APA style and correct citations |
|
|
|
|
Growth due to writing process: where did this take you in terms of content and form that you have never been before? (another self-rating) |
|
|
|
|
[Suggest other criteria for evaluation when you submit your work] |
The last thing I want to mention is that I had an interview last week to be a teaching assistant for Writing the Expository Essay for Johns Hopkins Center for Talented Youth. In three weeks I will know if I have that position. If so, I will spend six weeks this summer assisting and learning the teaching of writing with excellent students and instructors. If not, I at least have been made aware of the sample syllabi for that course which may help me when I write my syllabus for the fall.
The following pages contain a meditation I wrote for this statement while trying to understand the concept of growth.
Show Why You Want to Teach Composition
Lay down, or sit or stand carefully. Take a deep breath (ö).  Exhale (Ϊ).
ö, Ϊ. ö, Ϊ ≈ Ö. Listen, Ö, by speaking, Ö, acting, Ö, thinking, Ö, pacing, Ö, feeling, Ö, breathing, Ö, and changing, Ö, these, words, Ö, Ö, Ö. Put, Ö, a point, in space, Ö, Ö, Ö, Ö, Ö. Words, Ö, dis-appear, Ö, Ö, Ö, Ö, Ö. Use, Ö, form, Ö, to create, Ö, space, Ö.
Writing, Ö, is, Ö, like, Ö, a particle, Ö, in a void, Ö, a line, Ö, on a plain, Ö, or a song, Ö, that moves through us, Ö, as we sing, Ö.
Growing, Ö, is improving, Ö, abil it y, Ö, to bring space, Ö, into form, Ö. Those, Ö, who, Ö, cannot, Ö, write, Ö, are less likely, Ö, to agree, Ö, you could call the sun, Ö, the moon, Ö, (Hartwell 122), Ö. GröwΪng, enÖter inÖto, Ö, forms, Ö, —possibilities and distinctions―, Ö, once unknown, Ö, or felt solid, Ö, or vacant, Ö.
Eckhart, Ö, Tolle, Ö, creates space, Ö, between consciousness, Ö, and the thoughts, Ö, and emotions, Ö, of which consciousness, Ö, is aware, Ö. If, ö, Ϊ act in anger, ö, Ϊ lack that space, Ö. Stephen, Ö, Covey, ö creates space ö, Ϊ, Ö, between response, Ö, and stimulus, Ö. ö Is that space ö, Ϊ want to enter? Ö.
To love, Ö, may, Ö, be, Ö, to create, Ö, space, Ö, for eachother, Ö, space, Ö, in which, Ö, we can move, Ö, in all the ways, Ö, we can move, Ö, and in which, Ö, we, Ö, ö can create ö, Ϊ new ways
Using form, create space.
Writing is like a particle in a void, a line on a plain, or a song that moves through us as we sing.
Growing is improving ability to bring space into form. Those who cannot write are less likely to agree you could call the sun the moon (Hartwell 122). Growing, enter into forms ―possibilities and distinctions― once unknown or thought solid or vacant.
Eckhart Tolle creates space between consciousness and the thoughts and emotions of which consciousness is aware. If I act in anger, I lack that space. Stephen Covey creates space between response and stimulus. Is that space I want to enter?
To love may be to create space for eachother, space in which we can move in all the ways we can move, and in which we can create new ways.
Works Cited
Covey, Stephen R. The Eighth Habit: From Effectiveness to Greatness. New York: Free P, 2005.
Hartwell, Patrick. “Grammar, Grammars, and the Teaching of Grammar.” College English 47 (1985): 105-127.
Tolle, Eckhart. A New Earth: Awakening to Your Life’s Purpose. New York: Penguin, 2005.


class Jekyll::Drops::Drop
Constants
- NON_CONTENT_METHODS
- NON_CONTENT_METHOD_NAMES
- SETTER_KEYS_STASH
A private stash to avoid repeatedly generating the setter method name string for a call to `Drops::Drop#[]=`. The keys of the stash below have a very high probability of being called upon during the course of various `Jekyll::Renderer#run` calls.
Public Class Methods
Generate public Drop
instance_methods for given string `key`. The generated method access(es) `@obj`'s data hash.
Returns method symbol.
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 90 def data_delegator(key) define_method(key.to_sym) { @obj.data[key] } end
Generate public Drop
instance_methods for each string entry in the given list. The generated method(s) access(es) `@obj`'s data hash.
Returns nothing.
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 79 def data_delegators(*strings) strings.each do |key| data_delegator(key) if key.is_a?(String) end nil end
Generate public Drop
instance_method for given symbol that calls<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Returns delegated method symbol.
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 64 def delegate_method(symbol) define_method(symbol) { @obj.send(symbol) } end
Generate public Drop
instance_method named `delegate` that calls<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Returns delegated method symbol.
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 71 def delegate_method_as(original, delegate) define_method(delegate) { @obj.send(original) } end
Generate public Drop
instance_methods for each symbol in the given list.
Returns nothing.
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 56 def delegate_methods(*symbols) symbols.each { |symbol| delegate_method(symbol) } nil end
Array of stringified instance methods that do not end with the assignment operator.
(<klass>.instance_methods always generates a new Array object so it can be mutated)
Returns array of strings.
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 99 def getter_method_names @getter_method_names ||= instance_methods.map!(&:to_s).tap do |list| list.reject! { |item| item.end_with?("=") } end end
Get or set whether the drop class is mutable. Mutability determines whether or not pre-defined fields may be overwritten.
is_mutable - Boolean set mutability of the class (default: nil)
Returns the mutability of the class
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 34 def mutable(is_mutable = nil) @is_mutable = is_mutable || false end
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 38 def mutable? @is_mutable end
Create a new Drop
obj - the Jekyll
Site
, Collection
, or Document
required by the drop.
Returns nothing
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 112 def initialize(obj) @obj = obj end
Generate private Drop
instance_methods for each symbol in the given list.
Returns nothing.
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 48 def private_delegate_methods(*symbols) symbols.each { |symbol| private delegate_method(symbol) } nil end
Public Instance Methods
Access a method in the Drop
or a field in the underlying hash data. If mutable, checks the mutations first. Then checks the methods, and finally check the underlying hash (e.g. document front matter) if all the previous places didn't match.
key - the string key whose value to fetch
Returns the value for the given key, or nil if none exists
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 124 def [](key) if self.class.mutable? && mutations.key?(key) mutations[key] elsif self.class.invokable? key public_send key else fallback_data[key] end end
Set a field in the Drop
. If mutable, sets in the mutations and returns. If not mutable, checks first if it's trying to override a Drop
method and raises a DropMutationException if so. If not mutable and the key is not a method on the Drop
, then it sets the key to the value in the underlying hash (e.g. document front matter)
key - the String key whose value to set val - the Object
to set the key's value to
Returns the value the key was set to unless the Drop
is not mutable and the key matches a method in which case it raises a DropMutationException.
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 148 def []=(key, val) setter = SETTER_KEYS_STASH[key] || "#{key}=" if respond_to?(setter) public_send(setter, val) elsif respond_to?(key.to_s) if self.class.mutable? mutations[key] = val else raise Errors::DropMutationException, "Key #{key} cannot be set in the drop." end else fallback_data[key] = val end end
Generates a list of strings which correspond to content getter methods.
Returns an Array of strings which represent method-specific keys.
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 167 def content_methods @content_methods ||= \ self.class.getter_method_names \ - Jekyll::Drops::Drop.getter_method_names \ - NON_CONTENT_METHOD_NAMES end
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 244 def each each_key.each do |key| yield key, self[key] end end
Collects all the keys and passes each to the block in turn.
block - a block which accepts one argument, the key
Returns nothing.
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 240 def each_key(&block) keys.each(&block) end
Imitate Hash.fetch method in Drop
Returns value if key is present in Drop
, otherwise returns default value KeyError is raised if key is not present and no default value given
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 279 def fetch(key, default = nil, &block) return self[key] if key?(key) raise KeyError, %(key not found: "#{key}") if default.nil? && block.nil? return yield(key) unless block.nil? return default unless default.nil? end
Generate a Hash for use in generating JSON. This is useful if fields need to be cleared before the JSON can generate.
Returns a Hash ready for JSON generation.
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 222 def hash_for_json(*) to_h end
Inspect the drop's keys and values through a JSON representation of its keys and values.
Returns a pretty generation of the hash representation of the Drop
.
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 214 def inspect JSON.pretty_generate to_h end
Check if key exists in Drop
key - the string key whose value to fetch
Returns true if the given key is present
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 179 def key?(key) return false if key.nil? return true if self.class.mutable? && mutations.key?(key) respond_to?(key) || fallback_data.key?(key) end
Generates a list of keys with user content as their values. This gathers up the Drop
methods and keys of the mutations and underlying data hashes and performs a set union to ensure a list of unique keys for the Drop
.
Returns an Array of unique keys for content for the Drop
.
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 192 def keys (content_methods | mutations.keys | fallback_data.keys).flatten end
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 250 def merge(other, &block) dup.tap do |me| if block.nil? me.merge!(other) else me.merge!(other, block) end end end
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 260 def merge!(other) other.each_key do |key| if block_given? self[key] = yield key, self[key], other[key] else if Utils.mergable?(self[key]) && Utils.mergable?(other[key]) self[key] = Utils.deep_merge_hashes(self[key], other[key]) next end self[key] = other[key] unless other[key].nil? end end end
Generate a Hash representation of the Drop
by resolving each key's value. It includes Drop
methods, mutations, and the underlying object's data. See the documentation for Drop#keys
for more.
Returns a Hash with all the keys and values resolved.
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 203 def to_h keys.each_with_object({}) do |(key, _), result| result[key] = self[key] end end
Private Instance Methods
# File lib/jekyll/drops/drop.rb, line 288 def mutations @mutations ||= {} end


The Java Virtual Machine's instruction set has four different instructions that invoke methods. This chapter describes these four instructions and the situations in which each is used.
The Java programming language provides two basic kinds of methods: instance methods and class (or static) methods. The difference between these two kinds of methods are:
When the Java Virtual Machine invokes a class method, it selects the method to invoke based on the type of the object reference, which is always known at compile-time. When the virtual machine invokes an instance method, by contrast, it selects the method to invoke based on the actual class of the object, which may be known only at run-time.
The Java Virtual Machine uses two different instructions to invoke these two different kinds of methods:
invokevirtual
for instance methods and invokestatic
for class methods.
These instructions are shown in Table 19-1.
| Opcode | Operand(s) | Description |
|---|---|---|
invokevirtual |
indexbyte1, indexbyte2 | pop objectref and args, invoke instance method at constant pool index |
invokestatic |
indexbyte1, indexbyte2 | pop args, invoke class method at constant pool index |
As mentioned in earlier chapters, references to methods are initially symbolic.
All invoke instructions, such as invokevirtual
and invokestatic
, refer to a constant pool entry that initially contains a symbolic reference.
When the Java Virtual Machine encounters an invoke instruction, if the symbolic reference has not yet been resolved, the virtual machine resolves it as part of the execution of the invoke instruction.
To resolve a symbolic reference, the Java Virtual Machine locates the method being referred to symbolically and replaces the symbolic reference with a direct reference. A direct reference, such as a pointer or offset, allows the virtual machine to invoke the method more quickly if the reference is ever used again in the future.
For example, upon encountering an invokevirtual
instruction,
the Java Virtual Machine forms an unsigned 16-bit index into the constant pool of the current class from the indexbyte1 and indexbyte2 operands that follow the invokevirtual
opcode.
The constant pool entry contains a symbolic reference to the method to invoke.
During resolution, the Java Virtual Machine also performs several verification checks. These checks ensure that Java language rules are followed and that the invoke instruction is safe to execute. For example, the virtual machine first makes sure the symbolically referenced method even exists. If it exists, it checks to make sure the current class can legally access the method. For instance, if the method is private, it must be a member of the current class. If any of these checks fail, the Java Virtual Machine throws an exception. Chapter 5, "The Java Virtual Machine," gives an overview of the resolution process. Chapter 8, "The Linking Model," describes the process in detail.
Once a method has been resolved, the Java Virtual Machine is ready to invoke it. If the method is an instance method, it must be invoked on an object. For every instance method invocation, the virtual machine expects a reference to the object (objectref) to be on the stack. In addition to objectref, the virtual machine expects the arguments (args) required by the method, if any, to be on the stack. If the method is a class method, which doesn't require an objectref because class methods aren't invoked on an object, only the args are on the stack.
The objectref and args (or just args, in the case of a class method) must be pushed onto the calling method's operand stack by the instructions that precede the invoke instruction.
As mentioned in Chapter 5, "The Java Virtual Machine," the virtual machine creates a new stack frame for each Java (not native) method it invokes. The stack frame contains space for the method's local variables, its operand stack, and any other information required by a particular virtual machine implementation. The size of the local variables and operand stack are calculated at compile-time and placed into the class file, so the virtual machine knows just how much memory will be needed by the method's stack frame. When it invokes a method, it creates a stack frame of the proper size for that method. The virtual machine pushes the new stack frame onto the Java stack.
For an instance method, the virtual machine pops the objectref and args from the operand stack of the calling method's stack frame.
It places the objectref on the new stack frame as local variable 0, and all the args as local variable 1, 2, and so on.
The objectref is the implicit this
pointer that is passed to any instance method.
note: instance method
For a class method, the virtual machine just pops the args from the operand stack of the calling method's frame and places them onto the new stack frame as local variable 0, 1, 2, and so on. note: class method
Once the objectref and args (or just the args, for a class method) have been placed into the local variables of the new frame, the virtual machine makes the new stack frame current and sets the program counter to point to the first instruction in the new method.
As mentioned in Chapter 5, "The Java Virtual Machine," the virtual machine invokes native methods in an implementation dependent manner. When invoking a native method, the virtual machine does not push a new stack frame onto the Java stack for the native method. At the point in which the thread enters the native method, it leaves the Java stack behind. When the native method returns, the Java stack will once again be used.
Although instance methods are normally invoked with invokevirtual
, in certain situations, two other opcodes may be used: invokespecial
and invokeinterface
.
These opcodes are shown in Table 19-2.
The invokespecial
instruction is used for three situations in which an instance method must be invoked based on the type of the reference, not on the class of the object.
The three situations are:
<init>()
) methodssuper
keywordInvokeinterface
is used to invoke an instance method given a reference to an interface.
| Opcode | Operand(s) | Description |
|---|---|---|
invokespecial |
indexbyte1, indexbyte2 | pop objectref and args, invoke instance method at constant pool index |
invokeinterface |
indexbyte1, indexbyte2 | pop objectref and args, invoke instance method at constant pool index |
As mentioned in Chapter 7, "The Lifetime of a Class," class initialization (or <clinit>
()) methods are always invoked directly by the Java Virtual Machine itself, never by any bytecodes.
There is no instruction in the Java Virtual Machine's instruction set that will invoke a method named <clinit>
().
If some class file attempts to invoke a <clinit>
() method with any of the four instructions described in this chapter, the virtual machine will throw an exception.
invokespecial
differs from invokevirtual
primarily in that
invokespecial
normally (with one special exception) selects a method based on the type of the reference rather than the class of the object.
In other words, it does static binding instead of dynamic binding.
In each of the three situations where invokespecial
is used,
dynamic binding wouldn't yield the desired result.
As mentioned in Chapter 7, "The Lifetime of a Class," the <init>()
method, or instance initialization method,
is where the compiler places code for constructors and instance variable initializers.
A class gets one <init>()
method in the class file for each constructor in the source.
If you don't explicitly declare a constructor in the source, the compiler will generate a default no-arg constructor for you.
This default constructor also ends up as an <init>()
method in the class file.
So just as every class will have at least one constructor, every class will have at least one <init>()
method.
These methods are always invoked with invokespecial
.
The <init>()
methods are called only when a new instance is created.
At least one <init>()
method will be invoked for each class along the inheritance path of the newly created object,
and multiple <init>()
methods could be invoked for any one class along that path.
The reason invokespecial
is used to invoke <init>()
methods is that subclass <init>()
methods need to be able to invoke superclass <init>()
methods.
This is how multiple <init>()
methods get invoked when an object is instantiated.
The virtual machine invokes an <init>()
method declared in the object's class.
That <init>()
method first invokes either another <init>()
method in the same class, or an <init>()
method in its superclass.
This process continues all the way up to Object
.
note: The reason why invokespecial
is used
For example, consider this code:
begin // On CD-ROM in file invoke/ex1/Dog.java class Dog { } // On CD-ROM in file invoke/ex1/CockerSpaniel.java class CockerSpaniel extends Dog { public static void main(String args[]) { CockerSpaniel bootsie = new CockerSpaniel(); } } end
When you invoke main()
, the virtual machine will allocate space for a new CockerSpaniel
object,
then invoke CockerSpaniel
's default no-arg <init>()
method to initialize that space.
That method will invoke Dog
's <init>()
method,
which will invoke Object
's <init>()
method.
Here are the bytecodes for the main()
method of class CockerSpaniel
:
begin 0 new #1 // Class CockerSpaniel 3 invokespecial #3 // Method <init>() of class CockerSpaniel 6 return end
CockerSpaniel
's main()
method allocates memory for the new CockerSpaniel
object and initializes that memory to default initial values with the new
instruction.
(The "#1
" specifies the constant pool entry that refers to the class to instantiate, in this case, class CockerSpaniel
.)
The new
instruction pushes a reference to the newly created CockerSpaniel
object onto the stack.
The main()
method then calls the <init>
() method of class CockerSpaniel
using invokespecial
on that object reference.
(The "#3
" specifies the constant pool entry that contains the reference to CockerSpaniel
's <init>
() method.)
The Java Virtual Machine pushes a new frame onto the Java Stack and places the object reference into local variable 0 of the new frame.
Here are the bytecodes for the <init>
() method of class CockerSpaniel
:
begin 0 aload_0 1 invokespecial #4 // Method <init>() of class Dog 4 return end
As mentioned above, this <init>
() method corresponds to the default no-arg constructor generated automatically by the compiler for class CockerSpaniel
.
It first pushes the reference to the object being initialized onto the stack from local variable 0,
then it invokes the Dog
's <init>
() method on that reference.
(The "#4
" specifies the constant pool entry that contains the reference to Dog
's <init>
() method.)
Here are the bytecodes for Dog
's <init>
() method:
begin 0 aload_0 1 invokespecial #3 // Method <init> () of class java.lang.Object 4 return end
This <init>
() method corresponds to the default no-arg constructor generated automatically by the compiler for class Dog
.
It first pushes the reference to the object being initialized onto the stack from local variable 0,
then it invokes the Object
's <init>
() method on that reference.
(The "#3
" specifies the constant pool entry that contains the reference to Object
's <init>
() method.
Remember that this is not the same constant pool as that referred to by the methods of class CockerSpaniel
.
Each class has its own constant pool.)
When all three of these <init>
() methods have returned,
the new CockerSpaniel
object created by main()
is fully initialized and ready for use.
Because every class has at least one <init>()
method, it is common that classes have <init>()
methods with the same signature.
(A method's signature is its name and the number and types of its arguments.)
The <init>()
methods for the three classes in the inheritance path for CockerSpaniel
, for example, all have the same signature.
CockerSpaniel
, Dog
, and Object
all contain a method named <init>()
that takes no arguments.
It would be impossible to invoke a Dog
's <init>()
method from CockerSpaniel
's <init>()
method using invokevirtual
,
because invokevirtual
would perform dynamic binding and invoke CockerSpaniel
's <init>()
method.
With invokespecial
, however, Dog
's <init>
method can be invoked from CockerSpaniel
's <init>()
method,
because the type of the reference placed in CockerSpaniel
's class file (in constant pool entry "#4
") is Dog
.
In the case of private instance methods, it must be possible for a subclass to declare an instance method with the same signature as a private instance method in a superclass.
(invokespecial
is not used to invoke private class methods, just private instance methods. Private class methods are invoked with invokestatic
.)
For example, consider the following code in which interestingMethod()
is declared as private
in a superclass and with package access in a subclass:
begin // On CD-ROM in file invoke/ex2/Superclass.java class Superclass { private void interestingMethod() { System.out.println("Superclass's interesting method."); } void exampleMethod() { interestingMethod(); } } // On CD-ROM in file invoke/ex2/Subclass.java class Subclass extends Superclass { void interestingMethod() { System.out.println("Subclass's interesting method."); } public static void main(String args[]) { Subclass me = new Subclass(); me.exampleMethod(); } } end
When you invoke main()
in Subclass
as defined above,
it instantiates a new Subclass
object and invokes exampleMethod()
on it.
Here are the bytecodes for the main()
method of class Subclass
:
begin 0 new #2 // Class Subclass 3 dup 4 invokespecial #6 // Method <init>() of class Subclass 7 astore_1 8 aload_1 9 invokevirtual #8 // Method void exampleMethod() of class Superclass 12 return end
Subclass inherits exampleMethod()
from Superclass
.
When main()
invokes exampleMethod()
on a Subclass
object, it uses invokevirtual
.
The Java Virtual Machine will create and push a new frame onto the stack and begin executing the bytecodes of exampleMethod()
as defined in class Superclass
.
Here are the bytecodes for exampleMethod()
:
begin 0 aload_0 1 invokespecial #7 // Method void interestingMethod() of Superclass 4 return end
Note that exampleMethod()
first pushes the reference passed in local variable 0 (the hidden this
passed to all instance methods) onto the stack.
It then invokes interestingMethod()
on that reference with the invokespecial
instruction.
The class identified in the constant pool entry specified by the invokespecial
instruction, entry #7, is Superclass
.
The Java Virtual Machine invokes the interestingMethod()
defined in Superclass
even though the object is an instance of class Subclass
and there is an accessible interestingMethod()
defined in Subclass
.
The program correctly prints "Superclass's interesting method"
.
If interestingMethod()
had been invoked with an invokevirtual
instruction instead of invokespecial
,
the program would have printed "Subclass's interesting method"
.
Why? Because the virtual machine would choose the interestingMethod()
to call based on the actual class of the object, which is Subclass
.
So it would use Subclass
's interestingMethod()
.
With invokespecial
however, the virtual machine selects the method based on the type of the reference,
so Superclass
's version of interestingMethod()is
invoked.
super
In the case of invocation of a method with the super
keyword, as in super.someMethod()
,
you want the superclass's version of a method to be invoked, even if the current class overrides the method.
Once again, invokevirtual
would invoke the current class's version, so it can't be used.
For an example, consider this code:
begin // On CD-ROM in file invoke/ex3/Cat.java class Cat { void someMethod() { } } // On CD-ROM in file invoke/ex3/TabbyCat.java class TabbyCat extends Cat{ void someMethod() { super.someMethod(); } } end
Here are the bytecodes for TabbyCat
's someMethod()
:
begin 0 aload_0 1 invokespecial #4 // Method void someMethod() of class Cat 4 return end
Had invokevirtual
been used in this case, the someMethod()
defined in class TabbyCat
would have been invoked.
Because invokespecial
is used and the constant pool entry (#4, in this case) indicates the someMethod()
declared in class Cat
should be invoked,
the Java Virtual Machine correctly invokes the superclass's (Cat
's) version of someMethod()
.
Whether or not the Java Virtual Machine actually uses static binding to execute an invokespecial
instruction,
or instead uses a special kind of dynamic binding, depends on whether or not the referring class's ACC_SUPER
flag is set.
Prior to JDK version 1.0.2, the invokespecial
instruction was called invokenonvirtual
and always resulted in static binding.
It turned out, however, that invokenonvirtual
's stubborn insistence on static binding did not yield a correct implementation of the semantics of the Java language in all cases.
(In other words, there was a "bug" in the instruction set.)
In JDK 1.0.2, the invokenonvirtual
instruction was renamed invokespecial
and its semantics were changed.
In addition, a new flag, ACC_SUPER
, was added to the access_flags
item of the Java class file.
The ACC_SUPER
flag item of a class file indicates to the Java Virtual Machine
which semantics it should use to execute invokespecial
instructions it encounters in the bytecodes of that class file.
If the ACC_SUPER
flag is not set, the virtual machine uses the old (invokenonvirtual
) semantics.
Else, if the ACC_SUPER
flag is set, the virtual machine uses the new semantics.
All new Java compilers are supposed to set the ACC_SUPER
flag in every class file they generate.
According to the old semantics, the virtual machine will perform static binding in all cases when executing invokespecial
.
By contrast, the new semantics requires static binding in all cases except one: the invocation of superclass methods.
According to the new semantics, when the Java Virtual Machine resolves an invokespecial
instruction's symbolic reference to a superclass method,
it dynamically searches the current class's superclasses to find the nearest superclass implementation of the method.
(As used here, "nearest" means the implementation of the method declared in the superclass that is closest to the current class in its inheritance hierarchy.)
In most cases, the virtual machine will likely discover that the nearest implementation of the method is in the superclass listed in the symbolic reference.
But it is possible that the virtual machine could find the nearest implementation in a different superclass.
For example, imagine you create an inheritance hierarchy of three classes: Animal
, Dog
, and CockerSpaniel
.
Assume class Dog
extends class Animal
, class CockerSpaniel
extends class Dog
,
and that a method defined in CockerSpaniel
uses invokespecial
to invoke a non-private superclass method named walk()
.
Assume also that when you compiled CockerSpaniel
, the compiler set the ACC_SUPER
flag.
In addition, assume that when you compiled CockerSpaniel
, class Animal
defined a walk()
method, but Dog
didn't.
In that case, the symbolic reference from CockerSpaniel
to the walk()
method would give Animal
as its class.
When the invokespecial
instruction in CockerSpaniel
's method is executed,
the virtual machine would dynamically select and invoke Animal
's walk()
method.
Now imagine that later, you added a walk()
method to Dog
, and recompiled Dog
, but didn't recompile CockerSpaniel
.
CockerSpaniel
's symbolic reference to the superclass walk()
method still claims Animal
as its class,
even though there is now an implementation of walk()
in Dog
's class file.
Nevertheless, when the invokespecial
instruction in CockerSpaniel
's method is executed,
the virtual machine would dynamically select and invoke Dog
's implementation of the walk()
method.
The invokeinterface
opcode performs the same function as invokevirtual
, it invokes instance methods and uses dynamic binding.
The difference between these two instructions is that invokevirtual
is used when the type of the reference is a class,
whereas invokeinterface
is used when the type of the reference is an interface.
The Java Virtual Machine uses a different opcode to invoke a method on an interface reference because it can't make as many assumptions about the method table offset given an interface reference as it can given a class reference. (Method tables are described in Chapter 8, "The Linking Model.") Given a class reference, a method will always occupy the same position in the method table, independent of the actual class of the object. This is not true given an interface reference. The method could occupy different locations for different classes that implement the same interface.
For examples of the use of invokeinterface
in bytecodes, see the "Examples of Method Invocation" section later in this chapter.
As you might imagine, invoking a method given an interface reference is likely slower than invoking a method given a class reference.
When the Java Virtual Machine encounters an invokevirtual
instruction and resolves the symbolic reference to a direct reference to an instance method,
that direct reference is likely an offset into a method table.
From that point forward, the same offset can be used.
For an invokeinterface
instruction, however, the virtual machine will have to search through the method table every single time the instruction is encountered,
because it can't assume the offset is the same as the previous time.
The fastest instructions will likely be invokespecial
and invokestatic
, because methods invoked by these instructions are statically bound.
When the Java Virtual Machine resolves the symbolic reference for these instructions and replaces it with a direct reference,
that direct reference will likely include a pointer to the actual bytecodes.
The following code illustrates the various ways the Java Virtual Machine invokes methods and shows which invocation opcode is used in each situation:
begin // On CD-ROM in file invoke/ex4/InYourFace.java interface InYourFace { void interfaceMethod (); } // On CD-ROM in file invoke/ex4/ItsABirdItsAPlaneItsSuperclass.java class ItsABirdItsAPlaneItsSuperclass implements InYourFace { ItsABirdItsAPlaneItsSuperclass(int i) { super(); // invokespecial (of an <init>) } static void classMethod() { } void instanceMethod() { } final void finalInstanceMethod() { } public void interfaceMethod() { } } // On CD-ROM in file invoke/ex4/Subclass.java class Subclass extends ItsABirdItsAPlaneItsSuperclass { Subclass() { this(0); // invokespecial (of an <init>) } Subclass(int i) { super(i); // invokespecial (of an <init>) } private void privateMethod() { } void instanceMethod() { } final void anotherFinalInstanceMethod() { } void exampleInstanceMethod() { instanceMethod(); // invokevirtual super.instanceMethod(); // invokespecial privateMethod(); // invokespecial finalInstanceMethod(); // invokevirtual anotherFinalInstanceMethod(); // invokevirtual interfaceMethod(); // invokevirtual classMethod(); // invokestatic } } // On CD-ROM in file invoke/ex4/UnrelatedClass.java class UnrelatedClass { public static void main(String args[]) { Subclass sc = new Subclass(); // invokespecial (of an <init>) Subclass.classMethod(); // invokestatic sc.classMethod(); // invokestatic sc.instanceMethod(); // invokevirtual sc.finalInstanceMethod(); // invokevirtual sc.interfaceMethod(); // invokevirtual InYourFace iyf = sc; iyf.interfaceMethod(); // invokeinterface } } end
Here are the bytecodes generated by javac
for each of these classes (The compiler generates no bytecodes for the InYourFace
interface.):
begin // Methods of class ItsABirdItsAPlaneItsSuperclass // Method <init>(int) 0 aload_0 1 invokespecial #4 <Method <init>() of class java.lang.Object 4 return // Method void classMethod() 0 return // Method void instanceMethod() 0 return // Method void finalInstanceMethod() 0 return // Method void interfaceMethod() 0 return // ------------------------------------ // Methods of class Subclass // Method <init>() 0 aload_0 1 iconst_0 2 invokespecial #4 <Method <init>(int) of class Subclass 5 return // Method <init>(int) 0 aload_0 1 iload_1 2 invokespecial #3 <Method <init>(int) of class ItsABirdItsAPlaneItsSuperclass 5 return // Method void privateMethod() 0 return // Method void instanceMethod() 0 return // Method void anotherFinalInstanceMethod() 0 return // Method void exampleInstanceMethod() 0 aload_0 1 invokevirtual #9 <Method void instanceMethod() of class Subclass 4 aload_0 5 invokespecial #8 <Method void instanceMethod() of class ItsABirdItsAPlaneItsSuperclass 8 aload_0 9 invokespecial #11 <Method void privateMethod() of class Subclass 12 aload_0 13 invokevirtual #7 <Method void finalInstanceMethod() of class ItsABirdItsAPlaneItsSuperclass 16 aload_0 17 invokevirtual #5 <Method void anotherFinalInstanceMethod() of class Subclass 20 aload_0 21 invokevirtual #10 <Method void interfaceMethod() of class ItsABirdItsAPlaneItsSuperclass 24 invokestatic #6 <Method void classMethod() of class ItsABirdItsAPlaneItsSuperclass 27 return // ------------------------------------ // Methods of class UnrelatedClass // Method <init>() 0 aload_0 1 invokespecial #7 <Method java.lang.Object() 4 return // Method void main(java.lang.String[]) 0 new #3 <Class Subclass 3 dup 4 invokespecial #6 <Method <init>() of class Subclass 7 astore_1 8 invokestatic #8 <Method void classMethod() of class ItsABirdItsAPlaneItsSuperclass 11 invokestatic #8 <Method void classMethod() of class ItsABirdItsAPlaneItsSuperclass 14 aload_1 15 invokevirtual #10 <Method void instanceMethod() of class Subclass 18 aload_1 19 invokevirtual #9 <Method void finalInstanceMethod() of class ItsABirdItsAPlaneItsSuperclass 22 aload_1 23 invokevirtual #12 <Method void interfaceMethod() of class ItsABirdItsAPlaneItsSuperclass 26 aload_1 27 astore_2 28 aload_2 29 invokeinterface (args 1) #11 <Method void interfaceMethod() of interface InYourFace 34 return end
There are several opcodes that return from a method, one for each type of return value. These opcodes, which are shown in Table 19-3, take no operands. If there is a return value, it must be on the operand stack. The return value is popped off the operand stack and pushed onto the operand stack of the calling method's stack frame. The current stack frame is popped, and the calling method's stack frame becomes current. The program counter is reset to the instruction in the calling method just following the instruction that invoked the returning method.
| Opcode | Operand(s) | Description |
|---|---|---|
ireturn |
none | pop int , push onto stack of calling method and return |
lreturn |
none | pop long , push onto stack of calling method and return |
freturn |
none | pop float , push onto stack of calling method and return |
dreturn |
none | pop double , push onto stack of calling method and return |
areturn |
none | pop object reference, push onto stack of calling method and return |
return |
none | return void |
The ireturn
instruction is used for methods that return int
, char
, byte
, or short
.
The CD-ROM contains the source code examples from this chapter in subdirectories of the invoke
directory.
For more information about the material presented in this chapter, visit the resources page: http://www.artima.com/insidejvm/resources.


As an undergraduate in Computer Science, I've developed a deep love of programming! Aside from computers, I love hiking and canoeing in my beautiful home state of Utah and travelling with my partner.
As I briefly mentioned, I have experience programming in Java and the prevailing web technologies. I have a deep love of learning, and I hope to continually expand my skill set with new programming languages and technologies as I progress through both my academic studies and personal/professional learning.
Is your interest piqued? I hope so! You can reach out to me on Twitter @amelianaire27, or via email at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or on GitHub @amelianaire27.


Use this service to send data returns to the Environment Agency (England only) for landfill and pollution inventory compliance monitoring.
Make sure your data is in a CSV file and meets the data format rules and allowed values (opens in a new window).
You'll need to have access to email when you send your return so we can send you a single-use PIN code for security.


---
title: "Already August"
date: "2019-08-01 00:00:00 -06:00"
categories:
- whats-blooming
layout: "post"
blog-banner: "whats-blooming-now-summer.jpg"
post-date: "August 1, 2019"
post-time: "12:00 PM"
blog-image: "2019-08-01-wbn.jpg"
published: true
---
It's already August, but don't worry... There's still sum-mer-time left! Following is a hint of what's happening in the Rose Garden.
This Daylily, named after the late Don Sudbury, who along with his wife Beverly, helped create the Volunteer Program here at Red Butte Garden over 30 years ago.
Named after the late Beverly Sudbury. The Sudbury Daylilies can be seen next to the benches dedicated to the Sudbury couple.
These vibrant flowers bloom from late summer until frost.
If you are a Hydrangea fan, now is their time to shine! Showy white blooms stand out on this vigorous, upright, and fast growing cultivar.
As it's name suggests, the leaves of this Hydrangea resemble that of an Oaks. The white flowers turn from white to purplish-pink with maturity.
This Rose is lightly fragranced and a prolific bloomer from summer into fall.
The Garden is a blooming place right now. Don't run out of summertime without visiting!


Fill out this form so I can sell your information to sketchy advertisers!
Please? I could really use the money.
Type your name here:
Email here please:
I enjoy clicking on clickable boxes.
Submit this form


Task 1
Product Name
Product Price
Link to merchant
Merchant name
Merchant Logo
Image
Task 2
see console
Task 3
Cyclinder
Calculate Cyclinder volume
cuboid
Calculate cuboid volume
pyramid - square base
Calculate pyramid volume


Connecting
This section describes how to instantiate a client and have it connect to the server.
Basic plumbing:
var elasticSettings = new ConnectionSettings("<IP_ADDRESS>.", 9200)
.SetDefaultIndex("mpdreamz");
var client = new ElasticClient(elasticSettings);
ConnectionSettings
's constructor has many overloads, including support for connecting through proxies.
Connecting
Connecting can be done several ways:
ConnectionStatus connectionStatus;
if (client.TryConnect(out connectionStatus))
Or if you don't care about error reasons
if (client.IsValid)
both will perform a one time lookup to see if ElasticSearch is available and ready.
Settings:
Settings can be set in a fluent fashion: new ConnectionSettings().SetDefaultIndex().SetMaximumConnections()
DefaultIndex
Calling SetDefaultIndex()
on ConnectionSettings
will set the default index for the client. Whenever a method is called that doesn't explicitly passes an index this default will be used.
MaximumAsyncConnections
Calling SetMaximumAsyncConnections()
on ConnectionSettings
will set the maximum async connections the client will send to ElasticSearch at the same time. If the maximum is hit the calls will be queued untill a slot becomes available.
TypeNameInferrer
You can pass a Func<string,string>
to SetTypeNameInferrer()on
ConnectionSettings` to overide NEST's default behavior of lowercasing and pluralizing typenames.
UsePrettyResponses
Setting UsePrettyResponses()
on ConnectionSettings
will append pretty=true
to all the requests to inform ElasticSearch we want nicely formatted responses, setting this does not prettify requests themselves because bulk requests in ElasticSearch follow a very exact line delimited format.
Spotted a mistake? Something to add? Fork and edit this file on github without leaving the browser


Recently, my computer has been really hot and the fan inside made a lot of noise. Especially when I open many apps.
My hard drive is normal hard drive. So I decided to replace the normal hard drive with SSD (solid state). After replaced with the SSD, the run much faster, and I got surprised so many times, because these kind of performance never happened before.
I’m really happy.
But, still, it seems my computer is really old, can’t take this high speed, it’s hot sometimes though. All in all, it’s nice to have faster computer.
By the way, the T6 screwdriver is not fun at all. I went to so many places to buy but can’t find (bestbuy, home depot,…) , eventually, I have to borrow from the JLab electronic group.


EUR/JPY better bid on trade-deal hopes/intermarket correlations
by Ross J Burland- EUR/JPY bulls in charge as trade deal optimism is building.
- Eurozone data and economic performance remains a thorn in the euro's side.
EUR/JPY was trading higher into the close on Wall Street, adding some 0.25% on the day having travelled from a low of 119.65 to a high of 120.11. Risk appetite was elevated at the start of the week following positive and upbeat trade deal headlines that suggest a so-called "Phase-One" deal was in the making a scheduled to be inked between the two largest economies of the world to turn a corner in what has been a 16-month trade dispute to date.
EUR/JPY rides the waves of correlated bid markets
There were weekend reports that China is planning to lift penalties on intellectual property violations which have bolstered trade optimism and saw both European and US equities higher, with Wall Street benchmarks setting new record highs. At the time of writing, just ahead of the close, the S&P 500 was up 0.70% and the DJIA up 0.61%. In Europe, the DAX was up 0.6% and the FTSE 100 rallied 0.9% despite a bid in the GBP. Indeed, EUR/JPY is correlated to performances in glocal stocks.
German IFO index dents the euro
However, on a slightly more soured note, the November German IFO index showed business conditions consolidating around their lows: "Expectations failed to mirror the optimism amongst investors in the ZEW survey, with IFO expectations lifting only modestly to 92.1 (last: 91.6). The assessment of current conditions was stable at 97.9 (last: 97.8)," analysts at ANZ Bank explained. , adding, "The flat-lining in the data might indicate that business conditions are bottoming out, but there is no evidence of a dynamic upswing. The pressure to re-balance policy in the EA appears set continue."
The end result was a wright on the euro as growth prospects in the eurozone and a dovish remains a thorn in its side. In the New York session, such sentiment was echoed by ECB's chief economist Kane who stated that quantitative easing, (QE), was here to stay, "far into the future" and that the ECB will be in the bond market for "a long time".
EUR/JPY levels
EUR/JPY
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Today last price | 119.98 |
| Today Daily Change | 0.24 |
| Today Daily Change % | 0.20 |
| Today daily open | 119.74 |
| Trends | |
|---|---|
| Daily SMA20 | 120.42 |
| Daily SMA50 | 119.58 |
| Daily SMA100 | 119.42 |
| Daily SMA200 | 121.75 |
| Levels | |
|---|---|
| Previous Daily High | 120.5 |
| Previous Daily Low | 119.66 |
| Previous Weekly High | 120.7 |
| Previous Weekly Low | 119.66 |
| Previous Monthly High | 121.48 |
| Previous Monthly Low | 117.07 |
| Daily Fibonacci 38.2% | 119.98 |
| Daily Fibonacci 61.8% | 120.18 |
| Daily Pivot Point S1 | 119.44 |
| Daily Pivot Point S2 | 119.13 |
| Daily Pivot Point S3 | 118.6 |
| Daily Pivot Point R1 | 120.28 |
| Daily Pivot Point R2 | 120.81 |
| Daily Pivot Point R3 | 121.12 |


Vehicle Cleaning App
Select or search for a Vehicle to get started
Vehicle ID
Search
Enter a vehicle number to start a search.
Data is loading...


Class 02: About Me
My name is Feras Nawafleh, i'm a software engineer holding abachelor degree in computer science from the University of Jordan, graduated in summer 2020, looking forward to expand my knowledge in web development and become a FullStack JavaScript Developer, can't find a better place than ASAC to accomplish that.


Name:
Email:
Computer Science
Web Design and Development
Computer Information Technology
Computer Engineering
Comment:
North America
South America
Europe
Asia
Australia
Africa
Antarctica