Top: Multithreading: semaphore & timedsem
#include <pasync.h>
class semaphore {
semaphore(int initvalue);
void wait();
void post();
void signal(); // alias for post()
}
class timedsem {
timedsem(int initvalue);
bool wait( [ int milliseconds ] );
void post();
void signal();
}
Semaphore is a special helper object with very simple logic which is typically used to synchronize the execution of concurrent threads. A semaphore object can be considered as an integer value which has one additional feature: if its value is 0, an attempt to decrement this value will cause the calling thread to "hang" until some other thread increments it. "Hanging" on the semaphore means entering effective wait state and consuming no or little CPU time, depending on the operating system.
One example showing the use of semaphores is when one thread needs to send data (e.g. through a buffer) to another thread. In multithreading environments there is no guarantee in which order two threads will come to the point where the first thread is filling the data buffer and the other thread is reading it. Therefore, these two threads need to synchronize execution at the exchange point. Semaphore's logic for this case is fairly simple: the reader thread calls wait() before reading the buffer and "hangs" if the semaphore is not yet signaled. The writer thread calls post() after filling the buffer with data and thus signals the reader thread that the data buffer is ready. This schema ensures that the data buffer will be read by the second thread only when the data is actually ready.
If the data exchange cycle is iterative you will have to make sure also that the buffer is not filled twice before the reading thread takes the first data chunk. In this situation another semaphore should be created with reverse logic: the semaphore is set to signaled state when the reading thread has taken the first data chunk and is ready to take the second chunk. The writing thread, in its turn, waits on this semaphore to make sure the buffer is ready for the successive data chunk.
In more complex applications when many threads need to exchange data with each other or with the main application thread, message queues can be used instead of semaphores. The message queue object itself is another example of using semaphores (please see pmsgq.cxx source file).
You can use semaphores when your application needs to limit the number of concurrently running threads of the same type. A typical web robot application, for example, creates a new thread for each download process. To limit the number of threads the application creates a semaphore with the initial value equal to the maximum allowed number of threads. Each new thread decrements the semaphore by calling wait() and then increments it with post() upon termination. If the maximum allowed number of threads is reached, the next thread calling wait() will "hang" until one of the running threads terminates and calls post().
PTypes' semaphore object encapsulates either Windows semaphore or an implementation based on POSIX synchronization primitives. This object implements the minimal set of features common to both Windows and POSIX semaphores. Besides, semaphores can not be shared between processes on some operating systems, thus limiting the use of PTypes' semaphores to one process.
PTypes' timedsem adds timed waiting feature to the simple semaphore. This class has an interface compatible with the simple semaphore with one additional function - wait(int) with timer. The reason this feature is implemented in a separate class is that not all platforms support timed waiting. Wherever possible, PTypes uses the system's native sync objects, or otherwise uses its own implementation based on other primitives. Note that timedsem can be used both for infinitely waiting and timed waiting; it is, however, recommended to use simple semaphore if you are not going to use timed waiting.
As an example of using timedsem see implementation of thread 'relaxing' mechanism in include/pasync.h and src/pthread.cxx.
semaphore::semaphore(int initvalue) constructs a semaphore object with the initial value initvalue.
void semaphore::wait() decrements the semaphore's value by 1. wait() can enter effective wait state if the value becomes -1, in which case the thread will "hang" until some other thread increments the value by calling post().
void semaphore::post() increments the semaphore's value by 1. post() can release some other thread waiting for the same semaphore if its value was -1.
void semaphore::signal() is an alias for post().
timedsem::timedsem(int initvalue) constructs a semaphore object with an interface fully compatible with (but not inherited from) semaphore. This class has one additional method for timed waiting (see below).
bool timedsem::wait( [ int milliseconds ] ) decrements the semaphore's value by 1 and enters effective wait state if the value becomes -1. Unlike simple wait() this function will 'wake' and return if the time specified in milliseconds has elapsed, in which case the function returns false. If the semaphore was signaled with post() or signal() before the time elapses this function returns true. If milliseconds is omitted or is -1 the function will wait infinitely, like simple wait().
See also: thread, mutex, rwlock, trigger, msgqueue, Examples


Diana Soria Hernandez (Mexico 1983) is a visual artist focused on the exploration of physical and corporeal language, mainly through performance art, live installation and drawing. She studied her BA in Fine Arts at ENPEG La Esmeralda in Mexico City, an MFA in Printmaking by the Academy of Fine Arts Helsinki and is pursuing a MA in Live Art and Performance Studies at the Theatre Academy Helsinki, both belonging to the University of the Arts, Helsinki. Her work has been shown internationally in exhibitions and festivals in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Germany, Spain, Cyprus, England, USA, Mexico, Colombia, Thailand, India and China. Currently she lives and works mainly in Finland. She has received several working grants by Kone Foundation (2019-2020, 2017) and the Finnish Cultural Foundation (2018)
http://dianasoria.net/performance/
Image Credit: Diana Soria Hernández


"BOX "for holding oil or perfumery (Mark 14:3). It was of the form of a flask or bottle. The Hebrew word (pak) used for it is more appropriately rendered “vial” in 1 Samuel 10:1, and should also be so rendered in 2 Kings 9:1, where alone else it occurs.
"BOX "for holding oil or perfumery (Mark 14:3). It was of the form of a flask or bottle. The Hebrew word (pak) used for it is more appropriately rendered “vial” in 1 Samuel 10:1, and should also be so rendered in 2 Kings 9:1, where alone else it occurs.


The Node.js Streams is jointly governed by a Working Group (WG) that is responsible for high-level guidance of the project.
The WG has final authority over this project including:
For the current list of WG members, see the project README.md.
The readable-stream GitHub repository is maintained by the WG and additional Collaborators who are added by the WG on an ongoing basis.
Individuals making significant and valuable contributions are made Collaborators and given commit-access to the project. These individuals are identified by the WG and their addition as Collaborators is discussed during the WG meeting.
Note: If you make a significant contribution and are not considered for commit-access log an issue or contact a WG member directly and it will be brought up in the next WG meeting.
Modifications of the contents of the readable-stream repository are made on a collaborative basis. Anybody with a GitHub account may propose a modification via pull request and it will be considered by the project Collaborators. All pull requests must be reviewed and accepted by a Collaborator with sufficient expertise who is able to take full responsibility for the change. In the case of pull requests proposed by an existing Collaborator, an additional Collaborator is required for sign-off. Consensus should be sought if additional Collaborators participate and there is disagreement around a particular modification. See Consensus Seeking Process below for further detail on the consensus model used for governance.
Collaborators may opt to elevate significant or controversial modifications, or modifications that have not found consensus to the WG for discussion by assigning the WG-agenda tag to a pull request or issue. The WG should serve as the final arbiter where required.
For the current list of Collaborators, see the project README.md.
WG seats are not time-limited. There is no fixed size of the WG. However, the expected target is between 6 and 12, to ensure adequate coverage of important areas of expertise, balanced with the ability to make decisions efficiently.
There is no specific set of requirements or qualifications for WG membership beyond these rules.
The WG may add additional members to the WG by unanimous consensus.
A WG member may be removed from the WG by voluntary resignation, or by unanimous consensus of all other WG members.
Changes to WG membership should be posted in the agenda, and may be suggested as any other agenda item (see "WG Meetings" below).
If an addition or removal is proposed during a meeting, and the full WG is not in attendance to participate, then the addition or removal is added to the agenda for the subsequent meeting. This is to ensure that all members are given the opportunity to participate in all membership decisions. If a WG member is unable to attend a meeting where a planned membership decision is being made, then their consent is assumed.
No more than 1/3 of the WG members may be affiliated with the same employer. If removal or resignation of a WG member, or a change of employment by a WG member, creates a situation where more than 1/3 of the WG membership shares an employer, then the situation must be immediately remedied by the resignation or removal of one or more WG members affiliated with the over-represented employer(s).
The WG meets occasionally on a Google Hangout On Air. A designated moderator approved by the WG runs the meeting. Each meeting should be published to YouTube.
Items are added to the WG agenda that are considered contentious or are modifications of governance, contribution policy, WG membership, or release process.
The intention of the agenda is not to approve or review all patches; that should happen continuously on GitHub and be handled by the larger group of Collaborators.
Any community member or contributor can ask that something be added to the next meeting's agenda by logging a GitHub Issue. Any Collaborator, WG member or the moderator can add the item to the agenda by adding the WG-agenda tag to the issue.
Prior to each WG meeting the moderator will share the Agenda with members of the WG. WG members can add any items they like to the agenda at the beginning of each meeting. The moderator and the WG cannot veto or remove items.
The WG may invite persons or representatives from certain projects to participate in a non-voting capacity.
The moderator is responsible for summarizing the discussion of each agenda item and sends it as a pull request after the meeting.
The WG follows a Consensus Seeking decision-making model.
When an agenda item has appeared to reach a consensus the moderator will ask "Does anyone object?" as a final call for dissent from the consensus.
If an agenda item cannot reach a consensus a WG member can call for either a closing vote or a vote to table the issue to the next meeting. The call for a vote must be seconded by a majority of the WG or else the discussion will continue. Simple majority wins.
Note that changes to WG membership require a majority consensus. See "WG Membership" above.


CORY MOE
About Me
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Food and Bev
Food and Bev
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This project was created to solve the problem of what to make with all the mismatched ingredients in you kitchen and what drinks to make with the mismatched liquor you have in your bar or liquor cabinet.
Food and Bev
Weather Dashboard
Weather Dashboard
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This project was designed to create a weather dashboard that gives you the forecast for the upcoming week and current weather.
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Technologies:


Flink provides a Command-Line Interface (CLI) to run programs that are packaged
as JAR files, and control their execution. The CLI is part
of any Flink setup, available in local single node setups and in
distributed setups. It is located under <flink-home>/bin/flink
and connects by default to the running Flink master (JobManager) that was
started from the same installation directory.
The command line can be used to
submit jobs for execution,
cancel a running job,
provide information about a job,
list running and waiting jobs,
trigger and dispose savepoints, and
modify a running job
A prerequisite to using the command line interface is that the Flink
master (JobManager) has been started (via
<flink-home>/bin/start-cluster.sh) or that a YARN environment is
available.
Display the optimized execution plan for the WordCount example program as JSON:
./bin/flink info ./examples/batch/WordCount.jar \
--input file:///home/user/hamlet.txt --output file:///home/user/wordcount_out
List scheduled and running jobs (including their JobIDs):
./bin/flink list
List scheduled jobs (including their JobIDs):
./bin/flink list -s
List running jobs (including their JobIDs):
./bin/flink list -r
List all existing jobs (including their JobIDs):
./bin/flink list -a
List running Flink jobs inside Flink YARN session:
./bin/flink list -m yarn-cluster -yid <yarnApplicationID> -r
Cancel a job:
./bin/flink cancel <jobID>
Cancel a job with a savepoint:
./bin/flink cancel -s [targetDirectory] <jobID>
Stop a job (streaming jobs only):
./bin/flink stop <jobID>
Modify a running job (streaming jobs only):
./bin/flink modify <jobID> -p <newParallelism>
NOTE: The difference between cancelling and stopping a (streaming) job is the following:
On a cancel call, the operators in a job immediately receive a cancel() method call to cancel them as
soon as possible.
If operators are not not stopping after the cancel call, Flink will start interrupting the thread periodically
until it stops.
A “stop” call is a more graceful way of stopping a running streaming job. Stop is only available for jobs
which use sources that implement the StoppableFunction interface. When the user requests to stop a job,
all sources will receive a stop() method call. The job will keep running until all sources properly shut down.
This allows the job to finish processing all inflight data.
Savepoints
Savepoints are controlled via the command line client:
Trigger a Savepoint
This will trigger a savepoint for the job with ID jobId, and returns the path of the created savepoint. You need this path to restore and dispose savepoints.
Furthermore, you can optionally specify a target file system directory to store the savepoint in. The directory needs to be accessible by the JobManager.
If you don’t specify a target directory, you need to have configured a default directory. Otherwise, triggering the savepoint will fail.
Trigger a Savepoint with YARN
This will trigger a savepoint for the job with ID jobId and YARN application ID yarnAppId, and returns the path of the created savepoint.
Everything else is the same as described in the above Trigger a Savepoint section.
Cancel with a savepoint
You can atomically trigger a savepoint and cancel a job.
If no savepoint directory is configured, you need to configure a default savepoint directory for the Flink installation (see Savepoints).
The job will only be cancelled if the savepoint succeeds.
Restore a savepoint
The run command has a savepoint flag to submit a job, which restores its state from a savepoint. The savepoint path is returned by the savepoint trigger command.
By default, we try to match all savepoint state to the job being submitted. If you want to allow to skip savepoint state that cannot be restored with the new job you can set the allowNonRestoredState flag. You need to allow this if you removed an operator from your program that was part of the program when the savepoint was triggered and you still want to use the savepoint.
This is useful if your program dropped an operator that was part of the savepoint.
Dispose a savepoint
Disposes the savepoint at the given path. The savepoint path is returned by the savepoint trigger command.
If you use custom state instances (for example custom reducing state or RocksDB state), you have to specify the path to the program JAR with which the savepoint was triggered in order to dispose the savepoint with the user code class loader:
Otherwise, you will run into a ClassNotFoundException.


is building hand crafted boutique instruments since 2012. We are building guitars for high playability with deep cutaways and thin necks. All of our guitars feature through necks and are equipped with quality hardware. We use traditional guitar woods as well as local woods from Southern Africa, such as kiaat.


My name is Napass (Ben) Masathienvong. I am an international student from Bangkok, Thailand. I am interested in photography and cars. I will be graduating this semester!
I have taken Web class before. It has been a while since I have coded and so I will need to brush up my knowledge and skills. I am interested in the aspect of UX/UI design in web technologies
I hope to learn new and interesting ways to present web pages! The parallax scrolling is one of the things that I am interested to try.


Brooklyn Atlantis Citizen Science is a project headed by Jeff Laut, a PhD fellow at New York University, that aims to monitor the Brooklyn Gowanus canal using the help of citizen science. The team built an Aquatic Robotic Vehicle (ARV) that acquires pictures of the canal and the water temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and pH of the canal's water. The picture taken of the canal is later published in a public domain where the public can help by tagging any recognizable object in the picture.
To gather greater amount of data for analysis, the team seeks to develop an ambitious autonomous navigation system for the ARV using only the onboard monocular webcam as its perception and range sensor. To do so, I was tasked to develop a water segmentation algorithm that would identify canal shoreline using the onboard camera.
Originally envisioned as a simple exercise of edge and line detection, the river shoreline identification task possesses significantly difficult due to the large variation in canal environment appearance. The reflection on the river would often cause false positives in geometric based approach.
To robustly segment canal water from the canal walls, I conducted extensive literature review and decided to implement a variant of the entropy and texture based segmentation algorithm outlined in the paper Water Detection with Segmentation Guided Dynamic Texture Recognition.
The algorithm is outlined as follows: first the motion entropy of the water is extracted by tracking the feature movement, with the more complex moving features tagged as water and the less complex moving features as land. The tags are then propagated using texture cues.
The motion entropy is calculated by first randomly initialize 250 motion trackers and tracking them using Optical Flow algorithm. By tracking the path of the individual trackers, we can calculate the randomness/complexity of its motion. The trackers are then divided based on its path entropy, with highly entropic markers representing water.
The texture segmentation of the algorithm follows a two-stage process. The first stage is a K-means (k = 32) clustering based on appearance descriptors encompassing the Law’s Texture Energy Measure and the c1c2c3 shadow invariant color space of the image. For the second stage of segmentation process, the statistics of a larger area are learned and clustered based on the similarity using K-means (k=16) clustering method. Finally, the water tag obtained from the motion entropy is propagated using the clustered texture.


<< this is not
>
<< multiline not html at all : & >>
this is html again
Demonstration of a multiplexing mode, which, at certain boundary strings, switches to one or more inner modes. The out (HTML) mode does not get fed the content of the << >>
blocks. See the manual and the source for more information.


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My Project
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#include <delaunay.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| Delaunay< T > & | vertices (const T *beg, const T *end) |
| specifies the set of vertices More... | |
| Delaunay< T > & | vertices (typename std::vector< T >::const_iterator beg, typename std::vector< T >::const_iterator end) |
| specifies the set of vertices More... | |
| Delaunay< T > & | vertices (const std::vector< T > &verts) |
| specifies the set of vertices More... | |
| Delaunay< T > & | constraints (const int *beg, const int *end) |
| specifies constraints for triangulation More... | |
| Delaunay< T > & | constraints (typename std::vector< int >::const_iterator beg, typename std::vector< int >::const_iterator end) |
| specifies constraints for triangulation More... | |
| Delaunay< T > & | constraints (const std::vector< int > &cons) |
| specifies constraints for triangulation More... | |
| Delaunay< T > & | triangulate () |
| performs the triangulation More... | |
| std::vector< int > | edges () |
| returns list of vertex indices More... | |
| std::vector< int > | triangles () |
| returns list of vertex indices More... | |
| Delaunay (const T *beg, const T *end, bool b=false) | |
| constructs Delaunay object and assigns vertex range More... | |
| Delaunay (const T *beg, const T *end, const int *c_beg, const int *c_end, bool b=false) | |
| constructs Delaunay object and assigns vertex and constraint range More... | |
| Delaunay (typename std::vector< T >::const_iterator beg, typename std::vector< T >::const_iterator end, bool b=false) | |
| constructs Delaunay object and assigns vertex range More... | |
| Delaunay (typename std::vector< T >::const_iterator beg, typename std::vector< T >::const_iterator end, typename std::vector< int >::const_iterator c_beg, typename std::vector< int >::const_iterator c_end, bool b=false) | |
| constructs Delaunay object and assigns vertex and constraint range More... | |
| Delaunay (const std::vector< T > &verts, bool b=false) | |
| constructs Delaunay object and assigns vertex range More... | |
| Delaunay (const std::vector< T > &verts, const std::vector< int > &cons, bool b=false) | |
| constructs Delaunay object and assigns vertex range More... | |
| T | value type |
constructs Delaunay object and assigns vertex range
| beg | pointer to the first vertex |
| end | pointer past the end of the range |
| b | perform triangulation immediately. default: false |
|
inline |
constructs Delaunay object and assigns vertex and constraint range
| beg | pointer to the first vertex |
| end | pointer past the end of the range |
| c_beg | pointer to the first index |
| c_end | pointer past the end of the range |
| b | perform triangulation immediately. default: false |
|
inline |
constructs Delaunay object and assigns vertex range
| beg | iterator to the first vertex |
| end | iterator past the end of the range |
| b | perform triangulation immediately. default: false |
|
inline |
constructs Delaunay object and assigns vertex and constraint range
| beg | iterator to the first vertex |
| end | iterator past the end of the range |
| c_beg | iterator to the first index |
| c_end | iterator past the end of the range |
| b | perform triangulation immediately. default: false |
|
inline |
constructs Delaunay object and assigns vertex range
| verts | std::vector containing vertices |
| b | perform triangulation immediately. default: false |
|
inline |
constructs Delaunay object and assigns vertex range
| verts | vector containing vertices |
| cons | vector containing vertex indices |
| b | perform triangulation immediately. default: false |
|
inline |
specifies constraints for triangulation
the constraints must be stored contiguously in memory as pairs of vertex indices
| beg | pointer to the first index |
| end | pointer past the end of the range |
|
inline |
specifies constraints for triangulation
the constraints must be stored contiguously in memory as pairs of vertex indices
| beg | iterator to the first index |
| end | iterator past the end of the range |
|
inline |
specifies constraints for triangulation
the constraints must be stored contiguously in memory as pairs of vertex indices
| cons | vector containing vertex indices |
|
inline |
returns list of vertex indices
the returned vector will contain the edges of the triangulation as index pairs
|
inline |
returns list of vertex indices
the returned vector will contain the triangles of the triangulation as integer triplets
performs the triangulation
this is where the magic happens
another function object for calculating angle coefficients
initial triangulation
main triangulation loop
find lowest
sewing loop
find candidates
sew together
specifies the set of vertices
vertices must be stored contiguously in memory as pairs of T
| beg | pointer to the first vertex |
| end | pointer past the end of the range |
|
inline |
specifies the set of vertices
vertices must be stored contiguously in memory as pairs of T
| beg | iterator to the first vertex |
| end | iterator past the end of the range |
specifies the set of vertices
vertices must be stored contiguously in memory as pairs of T
| verts | vector containing vertices |


AppWorks Realm Demo
This app demonstrates the use of the key features of the Realm plugin
Describe Tables
Enter Data
View Data
Table Description
Department Entry
Document Entry
Employee Entry
Department Entry
Department Name:
Insert
Update
Delete
Cancel
Employee Entry
Employee Name:
Contact:
Region:
America
EMEA
APAC
APJ
Department:
Ability:
Active
Documents
Example:
Insert
Update
Delete
Cancel
Document Entry
Title:
Filename:
Created:
Modifed:
Insert
Update
Delete
Cancel
Show Department
Show Documents
Show Employees
Departments
Refresh
Employees
Refresh
Documents
Refresh
Version 0.0.1


| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 | /** * @name Company * @description This module exposes functions * related to the `/company` and * `/companies` paths. * * @module company **/ import routes from '../routes' import request from '../request' /** * `POST /companies` * Creates a company from the given payload. * * @param {Object} opts An options params which * is usually already bound * by `connect` functions. * * @param {Object} body The payload for the request * @returns {Promise} A promise that resolves to * the newly created company's * data or to an error. **/ const create = (opts, body) => request.post(opts, routes.company.basePlural, body) /** * `POST /companies/temporary` * Creates a test-only temporary company. * * @param {Object} opts An options params which * is usually already bound * by `connect` functions. * * @param {Object} body The payload for the request * @returns {Promise} A promise that resolves to * the newly created company's * data or to an error. **/ const createTemporary = (opts, body) => request.post(opts, routes.company.temporary, body) /** * `POST /companies/activate` * Activates a company. * * @param {Object} opts An options params which * is usually already bound * by `connect` functions. * * @returns {Promise} A promise that resolves to * the newly created company's * data or to an error. **/ const activate = (opts, body) => request.post(opts, routes.company.activate, body) /** * `PUT /company` * Updates a company from the given payload. * * @param {Object} opts An options params which * is usually already bound * by `connect` functions. * * @param {Object} body The payload for the request * @returns {Promise} A promise that resolves to * the newly created company's * data or to an error. **/ const update = (opts, body) => request.put(opts, routes.company.base, body) /** * `GET /company` * Return a company from the given payload. * * @param {Object} opts An options params which * is usually already bound * by `connect` functions. * * @returns {Promise} A promise that resolves to * the newly created company's * data or to an error. **/ const current = opts => request.get(opts, routes.company.base) /** * `PUT /company/reset_keys` * Reset the company API keys. * * @param {Object} opts An options params which * is usually already bound * by `connect` functions. * * @param {Object} body The payload for the request * * @returns {Promise} A promise that resolves to * the newly created company's * data or to an error. **/ const resetKeys = opts => request.put(opts, routes.company.resetKeys) /** * `GET /company/affiliation_progress` * Information about the affiliation progress. * * @param {Object} opts An options params which * is usually already bound * by `connect` functions. * * @returns {Promise} A promise that resolves to * the newly created company's * data or to an error. **/ const affiliationProgress = opts => request.get(opts, routes.company.affiliationProgress, {}) /** * `PUT /company/branding/:id` * Updates a company branding from the given payload. * * @param {Object} opts An options params which * is usually already bound * by `connect` functions. * * @param {Object} body The payload for the request * * @returns {Promise} A promise that resolves to * the newly created company's * data or to an error. **/ const updateBranding = (opts, body) => request.put(opts, routes.company.branding(body.id), body) const emailTemplates = { /** * `GET /company/email_templates/:id` * Get emails templates * * @param {Object} opts An options params which * is usually already bound * by `connect` functions. * * @param {Number} body.id The ID of the email template. * * @returns {Promise} A promise that resolves to * the newly created company's * data or to an error. **/ find: (opts, body) => request.get(opts, routes.company.emailTemplates(body.id), {}), /** * `PUT /company/email_templates/:id` * Updates a company from the given payload. * * @param {Object} opts An options params which * is usually already bound * by `connect` functions. * * @param {Object} body The payload for the request * @returns {Promise} A promise that resolves to * the newly created company's * data or to an error. **/ update: (opts, body) => request.put(opts, routes.company.emailTemplates(body.id), body), } /** * `POST /company/email_confirmation` * Resend account confirmation email to a previously registered company. * * @param {Object} opts An options params which * is usually already bound * by `connect` functions. * * @param {String} body.email The email address to resend the account confirmation * @returns {Promise} A promise that resolves to * the send email confirmation company's * data or to an error. **/ const emailConfirmation = (opts, body) => request.post(opts, routes.company.emailConfirmation, body) /** * `GET /company/fees` * Return company fees configuration available. * * @param {Object} opts An options params which * is usually already bound * by `connect` functions. * * @returns {Promise} A promise that resolves to * the newly created company's * data or to an error. **/ const fees = opts => request.get(opts, routes.company.fees) /** * `PUT /company/anticipation` * Sets the delay for the automatic anticipation based on the options * available. It's also possible to disable the automatic anticipation. * * Check GET /company/anticipation/options for the options available. * * @param {Object} opts An options params which * is usually already bound * by `connect` functions. * * @param {Boolean} body.enabled Enables the automatic anticipation. * @param {Number} body.delay Days for the anticipation delay. * * @returns {Promise} A promise that resolves to * a confirmation or to an error. **/ const updateAnticipation = (opts, body) => request.put(opts, routes.company.anticipation.base, body) /** * `GET /company/anticipation/options` * Available anticipation options that can be set using PUT /company/anticipation. * * @param {Object} opts An options params which * is usually already bound * by `connect` functions. * * @returns {Promise} A promise that resolves to * the available anticipation options * or to an error. **/ const anticipationOptions = opts => request.get(opts, routes.company.anticipation.options) /** * `GET /company/api_key` * Return company api key (sandbox and live) * * @param {Object} opts An options params which * is usually already bound * by `connect` functions. * * @returns {Promise} A promise that resolves to * the newly created company's * data or to an error. **/ const apiKey = (opts, params) => request.get(opts, routes.company.apiKey, params) export default { create, createTemporary, activate, emailConfirmation, update, current, resetKeys, affiliationProgress, updateBranding, emailTemplates, fees, updateAnticipation, anticipationOptions, apiKey, } |


Name:
Margaret James
Telephone:
262-664-3665
Birthday:
April 6, 1973
Email Address:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Employment:
Brendle's
Vehicle:
2003 Mercedes-Benz SL
Bank:
SunTrust Banks


Came across this interesting project, wikidBASE.
Wikidbase is a powerful and highly-flexible combination of two structural extremes of data management systems: a wiki and a database. As such, wikidbase has:
- all of the flexibility of a wiki (e.g. any kind of unstructured data can be stored)
- and the structural data capabilities of a database (e.g. data may be modelled similarly to database fields, tables and relations such that structural reports can me made of that data).
The functionality of a wiki and a database is combined in such a way that this general-purpose data management system may be shaped easily (without the need of expensive database experts) into a custom data management application (e.g. a contact relation management (CRM) system, a knowledge base, a shared calendar system, a project management system, etc.)
Read the overview for further details.
I have always been a fan of keynote, for my personal note taking, but there are times I wanted to have some way to store structural data. Things like "personal movie/book log" are rather structural, title of the book/movie, date-time I watched/read it, my notes about the book/movie if any, rating? etc. I am still not willing to give up Keyonote's trees and tabs and easy formatting abilities to move to a web based wiki, but this tool has made me think about it.


Post archive
This is an overview of the blog posts and their categories.
data-science
- Analyzing activity tracker data
- Estimating COVID-19's $R_t$ in Real-Time for the Netherlands
- Image Classifcation Web App using Flask and fastai
- Quick and Dirty Machine Learning: Modeling Earthquake Damage
- Robust Cross Validation for Data Science - Taxi Trip Duration
- Dutch University Enrollment Analysis
- Feature Engineering: Categorical Data
- Fake news Classification with Logistic Regression
machine-learning
- Quick and Dirty Machine Learning: Modeling Earthquake Damage
- Robust Cross Validation for Data Science - Taxi Trip Duration
- Feature Engineering: Categorical Data
- Fake news Classification with Logistic Regression


Define specialized class type
type R0Plus = Real(min=0);
[ encapsulated ][ partial ] type IDENT class_specifier class_specifier : string_comment composition end IDENT | "=" base_prefix name [ array_subscripts ] [ class_modification ] comment | "=" enumeration "(" ( [enum_list] | ":" ) ")" comment
See Modelica Language Specification for further details.
The keyword type is used to define types, which may only be extensions to the predefined types, enumerations, array of type, or classes extending from type. Enhanced to extend from predefined types [No other specialized class has this property].


| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| QView<M> |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AddQuestionActivity |
This is the AddQuestionActivity class.
|
| MainActivity |
This class is the activity for the main screen
of the app.
|
| PictureViewActivity |
PictureViewActivity
Activity used to view an image attached to a post (and save it if wanted).
|
| QuestionThreadActivity |
This activity displays a questionThread.
|
| SearchActivity |
SearchActivity is used to search for questions and answers.It is the
defacto searchable activity of the Appplication
|
| ThreadClickListener | |
| UserThreadsActivity |
Activity for any locally stored questions, including favorites, user's questions, and read later.
|


An easy way to import census, survey and geographic data provided by 'IPUMS' into R plus tools to help use the associated metadata to make analysis easier. 'IPUMS' data describing 1.4 billion individuals drawn from over 750 censuses and surveys is available free of charge from our website <https://ipums.org>.
| Version: | 0.3.0 |
| Imports: | cli, crayon, dplyr (≥ 0.7.0), haven, hipread, pillar, purrr, R6, raster, readr, rlang, stringr, tibble, tidyr, xml2, Rcpp, zeallot |
| LinkingTo: | Rcpp |
| Suggests: | DT, ggplot2, htmltools, knitr, rgdal, rmarkdown, rstudioapi, scales, sf, sp, shiny, testthat, covr, biglm, DBI, RSQLite, dbplyr |
| Published: | 2018-09-27 |
| Author: | Greg Freedman Ellis [aut, cre], Derek Burk [ctb], Joe Grover [ctb], Minnesota Population Center [cph] |
| Maintainer: | Greg Freedman Ellis <gfellis at umn.edu> |
| Contact: |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
| BugReports: | https://github.com/mnpopcenter/ipumsr/issues |
| License: | Mozilla Public License 2.0 |
| URL: | https://www.ipums.org, https://github.com/mnpopcenter/ipumsr |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| In views: | OfficialStatistics |
| CRAN checks: | ipumsr results |
| Reference manual: | ipumsr.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
ipums-bigdata ipums-cps ipums-geography ipums-nhgis ipums-terra ipums value-labels |
| Package source: | ipumsr_0.3.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: ipumsr_0.3.0.zip, r-release: ipumsr_0.3.0.zip, r-oldrel: ipumsr_0.3.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: ipumsr_0.3.0.tgz, r-oldrel: ipumsr_0.3.0.tgz |
| Old sources: | ipumsr archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ipumsr to link to this page.


Required? false
Position? 1
Default value
Accept pipeline input? false
Accept wildcard characters? false
This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug,
ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable,
OutBuffer, PipelineVariable, and OutVariable. For more information, see
about_CommonParameters (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113216).
This documentation set was created with DocTreeGenerator.


| < Day Day Up > |
16.4 Replicating ProblemsOccasionally you may encounter a certain request or origin server that seems not to work with Squid. You can use the following technique to determine if the problem lies with Squid, the client, or the origin server. The trick is to capture the HTTP request, then replay it in different ways until you identify the problem. Capturing the HTTP request means getting more than just the URL. You also need the request method, HTTP version number, and all of the request headers. One way to capture the request is by enabling full debugging in Squid for a short time. On the Squid box, type: % squid -kdebug Then, go to the web browser and issue the request. Squid should receive the request almost immediately. After a few seconds, go back to the Squid box and issue the same command: % squid -kdebug Now your cache.log file should contain the client's request. If your Squid is busy, the cache.log will contain a lot of requests, so you'll have to search for it. It looks something like this: 2003/09/29 10:37:40| parseHttpRequest: Method is 'GET' 2003/09/29 10:37:40| parseHttpRequest: URI is 'http://squidbook.org/' 2003/09/29 10:37:40| parseHttpRequest: Client HTTP version 1.1. 2003/09/29 10:37:40| parseHttpRequest: req_hdr = { User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Konqueror/3) Pragma: no-cache Cache-control: no-cache Accept: text/*, image/jpeg, image/png, image/*, */* Accept-Encoding: x-gzip, gzip, identity Accept-Charset: iso-8859-1, utf-8;q=0.5, *;q=0.5 Accept-Language: en Host: squidbook.org Note that Squid prints the components of the first line separately. You'll have to manually reassemble them like this: GET http://squidbook.org/ HTTP/1.1 Another way to capture the full request is with a utility such as netcat or socket (http://www.jnickelsen.de/socket/). Start the socket program listening on some port, then configure the browser to use that port as the proxy address. When you make the request again, socket prints the HTTP request: % socket -s 8080 GET http://squidbook.org/ HTTP/1.1 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Konqueror/3) Pragma: no-cache Cache-control: no-cache Accept: text/*, image/jpeg, image/png, image/*, */* Accept-Encoding: x-gzip, gzip, identity Accept-Charset: iso-8859-1, utf-8;q=0.5, *;q=0.5 Accept-Language: en Host: squidbook.org Finally, you can also use a network packet capture utility, such as tcpdump or ethereal. After capturing a few packets with tcpdump, you can then use tcpshow to view them: # tcpdump -w tcpdump.log -c 10 -s 1500 port 80 # tcpshow -noHostNames -noPortNames < tcpdump.log | less ... Packet 4 TIME: 08:39:29.593051 (0.000627) LINK: 00:90:27:16:AA:75 -> 00:00:24:C0:0D:25 type=IP IP: <IP_ADDRESS> -> <IP_ADDRESS> hlen=20 TOS=00 dgramlen=304 id=4B29 MF/DF=0/1 frag=0 TTL=64 proto=TCP cksum=15DC TCP: port 2074 -> 80 seq=0481728885 ack=4107144217 hlen=32 (data=252) UAPRSF=011000 wnd=57920 cksum=EB38 urg=0 DATA: GET / HTTP/1.0. Host: www.ircache.net. Accept: text/html, text/plain, application/pdf, application/ postscript, text/sgml, */*;q=0.01. Accept-Encoding: gzip, compress. Accept-Language: en. Negotiate: trans. User-Agent: Lynx/2.8.1rel.2 libwww-FM/2.14. . Note that tcpshow prints a period where the data contains a newline character. Once you've captured a request, save it to a file. Then you can replay it through Squid with netcat or socket: % socket squidhost 3128 < request | less If the response looks normal, the problem might be with the user-agent. Otherwise, you can change various things to isolate the problem. For example, if you see some funny-looking HTTP headers, delete them from the request and try it again. You may also find it useful to try the request directly with the origin server, instead of going through Squid. To do that, remove the http://host.name/ from the request and send it to the origin server: % cat request GET / HTTP/1.1 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Konqueror/3) Pragma: no-cache Cache-control: no-cache Accept: text/*, image/jpeg, image/png, image/*, */* Accept-Encoding: x-gzip, gzip, identity Accept-Charset: iso-8859-1, utf-8;q=0.5, *;q=0.5 Accept-Language: en Host: squidbook.org % socket squidbook.org 80 < request | less When working with HTTP in this manner, you might find it useful to refer to RFC 2616 and O'Reilly's HTTP: The Definitive Guide. |
| < Day Day Up > |


---
layout: archive
title: Lean Prover Zulip Chat Archive
permalink: 113488general/77256VSCodeLiveShare.html
---
The archive URL format has changed. Please find this page at:
https://leanprover-community.github.io/archive/stream/113488-general/topic/VSCode.20Live.20Share.html


--- status: publish layout: page author: display_name: Rick Kelson email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>tags: - 1990's - aerial photography - data - doq - imagery published: true date: 2011-08-15 17:11:41 -0600 title: Mid 1990's 1 Meter Black and White Orthophotography categories: [] ---
AGRC has a statewide coverage of 1-meter resolution Black and White Digital Orthophoto Quads (DOQs). All tiles have a UTM NAD83 Zone 12 North meters projection.
When downloading DOQs from the FTP site you will need to hold the shift key down and clicking the file or right-clicking the file and Copy to Folder
or Save Target As
depending on your browser. The .jpg files are usually between 30 to 40 MB. The .met file is all the original header information from the image and contains the dates the images were flown and photographed.
Some DOQs have 2 vintages of dates the images were flown. Usually one image will be from 1993 and another 1997 or newer. To retrieve these older files go to the FTP site and look for the Q number of interest.
Refer to Find_a_DOQ.txt for quadrangle names and associated AGRC Q number.
If you have any trouble contact Rick Kelson at<PHONE_NUMBER>)


PDFETEX(1) Web2C 2012 PDFETEX(1) NAME pdfetex - PDF output from e-TeX SYNOPSIS pdfetex [options] [&format] [file|\commands] DESCRIPTION pdfeTeX is another name for pdfTeX; they behave identically. See pdf‐ tex(1) for all information. SEE ALSO pdftex(1), http://pdftex.org, http://tug.org/web2c. pdftex 1.40 14 May 2010 PDFETEX(1)


---
layout: page
title: Resources
---
Programming
R
Downloads
Tutorials
Python
Downloads
Tutorials
Libraries
Courses
Data Science
Machine Learning
Books
Books that you have to pay for are in italics.
Machine Learning
Applied Statistics and Data Analysis
Effective Data Science
-
Agile Data Science - Russell Jurney
-
Doing Data Science - Cathy O'Neil and Rachel Schutt
-
Data Science at the Command Line - Jeroen Janssens


Before Change
categorical_features=None, random_state=None):
// TODO pay attention to the cases when a copy is made (CSR matrices)
if check_true(use_minimum_fraction):
self.use_minimum_fraction = True
elif check_false(use_minimum_fraction):
self.use_minimum_fraction = False
else:
self.use_minimum_fraction = use_minimum_fraction
self.minimum_fraction = minimum_fraction
self.categorical_features = categorical_features
def _fit(self, X, y=None):
After Change
categorical_features=None, random_state=None):
// TODO pay attention to the cases when a copy is made (CSR matrices)
self.use_minimum_fraction = check_for_bool(self.use_minimum_fraction)
self.minimum_fraction = minimum_fraction
self.categorical_features = categorical_features
def _fit(self, X, y=None):


Using SQL PIVOT and UNPIVOT
I learned about a pair of SQL keywords I didn’t know existed before. I suppose I shouldn’t have been so surprised
this ability existed in SQL since I knew it existed within Excel spreadsheets, but it really saved the day this
last week. I’m speaking of the PIVOT
and UNPIVOT
SQL keywords.
This last week I needed to track down some data inconsistencies in our database by joining a few view model tables. These tables are populated by event handlers that denormalize the relevant data from events into a view model table that serves the needs of a specific part of the UI. In one particular view model table, it made sense to arrange the data points specific to each US state as columns on a single row. This allowed for a grid-based UI that enables batch operations on many rows at one time. A second view model table was intended for a different use case and was designed so that the state-specific data points became a one-to-many relationship across multiple rows and only two columns for the key-value pair of the US state and its associated data point value. These were two of the tables I needed to join together during my database inquisition.
At this point I figured I was stuck, as I couldn’t see a sensible way to join two tables designed so contrary to
each other for the purposes of joining. I tried to think of any ways to dynamically join tables on a column name
in one table specified by the value in the other table’s row. I knew I was heading nowhere fast, so I asked our
DBA for some ideas. He informed me of the PIVOT
and UNPIVOT
keywords in SQL as one option to solve the problem.
We reasoned that even though it may not be the most efficient feature, the likelihood of it proving to be a
performance bottleneck would be essentially non-existent (given that the entire size of the data set was relatively
small, on the magnitude of hundreds or thousands of rows instead of millions of rows). And so I gave it a go.
I will now describe an example scenario in order to illustrate how I used the UNPIVOT
feature to join two tables
that didn’t seem at all compatible. The goal will be to join a table representing what US states each product is
available for sale within to a table representing how many of each product are being sold in each state. We will
call the first table ProductAvailability
and give it an integer identity column named Id
, an integer column
named ProductId
, and then 52 bit
columns indicating the availability status of the product in each of the 50 US
states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. These columns will be named by their two letter abbreviations of
AK
through WY
. The second table we will call ProductSales
and it will also have an integer identity column
named Id
and an integer column named ProductId
. In addition it will have a string column (specifically
char(2)
) named StateCode
and an integer column named TotalSales
.
The unpivoting of the ProductAvailability
table to prepare it for joining can be done like so:
SELECT Unpivoted.ProductId, Unpivoted.StateCode, Unpivoted.IsAvailable FROM ProductAvailability UNPIVOT ( IsAvailable FOR StateCode IN (AK,AL,AR,AZ,CA,CO,CT, DC,DE,FL,GA,HI,IA,ID, IL,IN,KS,KY,LA,MA,MD, ME,MI,MN,MO,MS,MT,NC, ND,NE,NH,NJ,NM,NV,NY, OH,OK,OR,PA,PR,RI,SC, SD,TN,TX,UT,VA,VT,WA, WI,WV,WY) ) AS Unpivoted
The interesting part is obviously the UNPIVOT
clause. Here we are declaring a list of column names to unpivot and
also naming two new columns in which to place the old column’s name and value (StateCode
and IsAvailable
respectively). The result is that instead of having one row of 54 columns for each product, we now have 52 rows of
three columns to describe the exact same availability of the product. But with this second schema, we can more
easily join with the ProductSales
table.
Here is an example of such a query where we are trying to find the products which have no sales in a state for which it is marked as available for sale:
SELECT ProductStateAvailability.ProductId, ProductStateAvailability.StateCode FROM ( SELECT Unpivoted.ProductId, Unpivoted.StateCode, Unpivoted.IsAvailable FROM ProductAvailability UNPIVOT ( IsAvailable FOR StateCode IN (AK,AL,AR,AZ,CA,CO,CT, DC,DE,FL,GA,HI,IA,ID, IL,IN,KS,KY,LA,MA,MD, ME,MI,MN,MO,MS,MT,NC, ND,NE,NH,NJ,NM,NV,NY, OH,OK,OR,PA,PR,RI,SC, SD,TN,TX,UT,VA,VT,WA, WI,WV,WY) ) AS Unpivoted WHERE Unpivoted.IsAvailable = 1 ) AS ProductStateAvailability INNER JOIN ProductSales ON ProductSales.StateCode = ProductStateAvailability.StateCode AND ProductSales.ProductId = ProductStateAvailability.ProductId WHERE ProductSales.TotalSales = 0
I hope you find the PIVOT
and UNPIVOT
SQL keywords just as helpful as I did if you ever find yourself in a bind
with two tables that are seemingly impossible to join.


The old fishing port of Brixham still has an active fishing fleet and the town retains the flavour of a working port, in spite of the large number of summer tourists.
Position 50°24.3'N, 03°30.8'W.
This harbour, tucked into the SW corner of Tor Bay, can be entered in any weather, but in strong northerlies it can be "interesting. The outer harbour is open to the north but provides good shelter from the prevailing SW'lies.
There are just 2 visitors' buoys in the outer harbour for boats up to 30ft, but space can usually be found in the marina (or on their Events
pontoon). The Town pontoon
is also available to visitors, but the local heritage fleet is often moored here and it is exposed to the north westerlies. It has no toilets or showers.
The Yacht Club has two small pontoons in front of the clubhouse (just north of the fish quay), but they are not connected to the shore.
The two coves just to the west of the entrance provide good anchorages, although they are open to the east, and can get very crowded on summer weekends. It is also possible to anchor in the outer harbour, clear of the moorings. The holding is reasonable but the area is exposed to swell.
Last updated March 2016.


Sunday Business Post September 30, 2001 Copyright 2001 Financial Times Information All rights reserved Global News Wire Copyright 2001 Sunday Business Post Sunday Business Post September 30, 2001 LENGTH: 312 words HEADLINE: US PRESIDENT'S FATHER WAS IN BUSINESS WITH BIN LADEN'S FAMILY BYLINE: FRANK CONNOLLY BODY: Dublin, Ireland, 30 September, 2001 The Saudi family of Islamic dissident Osama bin Laden invested $ 2 million in 1995 in a company in which former US president George Bush Senior has a controlling interest. According to Washington sources, the bin Laden family committed $ 2 million to Carlyle Partners 11 Fund through a London investment arm. The fund raised $ 1.3 billion for the purchase of several aerospace companies in 29 business deals. So far, the family has received $ 1.3 billion in completed investments and has made a profit of 40 per cent a year on its investment, the Wall Street Journal said on Friday. The Carlyle Group's directors include deputy US defence secretary Frank Carlucci, and Jim Baker, a key adviser in the former president's administration. The group has major interests in some of the largest US defence contractors, including Lockheed Martin and General Dynamic. The involvement of Bush Senior with the bin Ladens follows earlier revelations about his son, President George W Bush, who had dealings some years ago with a member of the bin Laden family in the construction business. Last week, President Bush announced that his government would freeze the US assets of any companies or banks which were found to have any financial involvement with bin Laden's Al-Qaeda network or with a range of other banned organisations. The CIA used the bin Laden family to funnel cash to the Afghan resistance against the Soviet occupation in the 1980s. George Bush senior was director of the CIA before he became president in 1988. Osama bin Laden's father asked him to take charge of the operation to siphon millions of dollars from the Gulf into the Afghan guerrilla movement. The bin Laden group in Saudi Arabia is heavily involved in the country's construction industry and enjoys close ties with the Saudi royal family. JOURNAL-CODE: FSBP LOAD-DATE: October 2, 2001


---
layout: slides
title: "Analogy as the fuel and fire of thinking"
category: hidden
type: course
semester: Fall 2018
college: Wellesley College
permalink: /cognition/analogies/
---
# Analogy as the fuel and fire of thinking.
???
---
class: center, middle, statement, dark
< recap >
---
class: center, middle, statement, dark
The mind faces many maddeningly hard engineering problems, and we have an arsenal of mental faculties for solving each of them approximately.
---
class: center, middle, statement, dark
We have representations of space, quantity, value, the future, and the past.
---
class: center, middle, statement, dark
We also have representations of objects, time, cause and effect, and other people and their thoughts about other people, &c.
---
class: center, middle, statement, dark
Language comprehension must go beyond learning statistics of transitions between words, given that "Colorless green ideas sleep furiously" is absurd but syntactically unobjectionable.
---
class: center, middle, statement, dark
The organizational framework that linguists and cognitive psychologists use to think about language begins at phonology, and proceeds through morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
---
class: center, middle, statement, dark
At each level of the organizational framework are phenomena characteristic of it, including the McGurk effect, cross-culutral differences phonemic repertoire, generativity (infinite use of finite means), polysemy, indeterminacy of reference, semantic ambiguity, and the four Gricean maxims of conversational cooperation.
---
class: center, middle, statement, dark
Language is also central to several of cognition's great debates, including nativism vs. empiricism, linguistic relativity (the "Sapir-Whorf hypothesis"), and prescriptivism vs. descriptivism.
---
class: center, middle, statement, dark
We need categories for all the reasons Rosch identifies — in particular, features are correlated across objects.
---
class: center, middle, statement, dark
One theory of what concepts are, the definitional theory, with its intensions and extensions, is lacking because not all categories can be precisely defined, and because some category members are better than others.
---
class: center, middle, statement, dark
Another theory of what concepts are, the prototype theory, suggests that concepts are defined by a prototype and a family resemblance structure among the members.
---
class: center, middle, statement, dark
Categories are organized hierarchically, with basic-level categories, subordinate-level categories, and superordinate-level categories.
---
class: center, middle, statement, dark
Basic-level categories are special, and Rosch delineates their unique properties.
---
class: center, middle, statement, dark
The primacy of basic-level categories may resolve Quine's indeterminacy of reference ("gavagai").
---
class: center, middle, statement, dark
And the shape bias, where the learner assumes that category labels refer to the shape of an object over its surface properties, provides another constraint that helps us acquire new concepts.
---
class: center, middle, statement, dark
recap >
---
# Administrivia
- Attendance sheet
- Monday, alternative date
- Sources?
- Gibberish, rehash
---
# Sources
Norms: Primarily research articles and review articles from journals. Occasionally analyses from primary sources like CDC reports, government policy documents, etc.
Test cases: Wikipedia? Blog posts? Illusion websites? Documentaries?
---
# There is no word.
By Tony Hoagland.
???
Once in English, once in Gibberish.
---
# Analogies and how concepts relate.
- What analogies are and are not
- Metric similarity spaces
- `word2vec`
---
# Schoolroom analogies.
Consider:
```
PALTRY : SIGNIFICANCE ::
A. redundant : discussion
B. austere : landscape
C. opulent : wealth
D. oblique : familiarity
E. banal : originality
```
---
# Is that all analogies are good for?
No!
---
# Some examples of useful analogies
- Hofstadter's chapters are filled with 100s of examples.
- e.g., "Sour grapes"
- e.g., "*Exactly* the same thing happened to me!" and reminding.
- e.g., idioms in other languages ("avoir l’esprit d’escalier")
???
Driven by hunger, a fox was lusting after some grapes on a high vine, and he
jumped with all his might to reach them.
“to come up with the ideal retort to an
annoying remark right after one has left the party and is heading down the stairs"
---
# Quantifying similarity between concepts.
Metric spaces:
---
# Mulidimensional scaling and PCA.
- Begin with pairwise distance matrix
- Infers an embedding in a Euclidean space
- Finds the lowest-dimensional space that preserves enough of the distances
---
# Example 1 of MDS
Confusions
---
# Example 2 of MDS
Similarities
---
# Playing with `word2vec`
https://explosion.ai/demos/sense2vec
https://lamyiowce.github.io/word2viz/
---
class: center, middle
# Fin.


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{% extends "dashboard/base.html" %} {% block title %}miot - Select POI{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Select to which of your point of interest you want to attach the new page.


MURDER AT 1600 A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1997 Steve Rhodes
RATING (0 TO ****): ** 1/2
MURDER AT 1600 fits right in with its ancestors - this year's THE SHADOW CONSPIRACY and ABSOLUTE POWER. We have yet another massive conspiracy plot with the White House at the center of the duplicity. Like its forefathers, it stretches credibility way past the breaking point.
All of this having been said, director Dwight Little's MURDER AT 1600 still turns out to be an entertaining thriller. Yes, the story is preposterous and the acting by the supporting cast borders on parody, but the performances by Wesley Snipes and Diane Lane enliven what would otherwise be a pedestrian movie. They appear to believe their material and manage to transfer their acceptance to the audience. Whereas I normally get obsessed with the problems of such a Swiss cheese thriller, this time I found myself swept up into the two heroes' predicaments. They believed, so I believed, and I rooted for them right down to the last chase scene.
"Yeah, yeah, I got a coat and tie," says the D. C. Homicide Detective Harlan Regis (Snipes) as he answers his boss's call. "1600 what?" That's right, there has been a murder at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, and for some reason the Secret Service wants a local cop to investigate.
In the opening scene, Regis establishes his macho prowess, but will this new assignment be more than he can handle? When he arrives at the White House he finds a woman who has been murdered soon after having has sex with someone, but clues are hard to find, and the Secret Service is hiding what it knows under the covers of secrecy. How many people were in the White House at the time of the murder? -- 31, but the official list only has names 30 of them. Regis cannot get the name of the other because of reasons of national security.
When Regis goes to the home of the dead woman, the Secret Service has already stripped it of all the evidence, which it will not show him. Moreover, they managed to arrive at her house only fifteen minutes after she was killed. This does not add up. Except for the First Family, who were at Camp David, Regis considers everyone else possible suspects.
All of this happens quickly at the first of the movie. From there the film, filled with dramatic music (Christopher Young) down in the low registers, moves from surprise to surprise with several obligatory chase scenes to keep the energy going. The sound effects include the requisite number of thunderstorms lest you forget to be frightened.
Beside the impossibility of the script by Wayne Beach and David Hodgin, the dialog borders on the trite, especially in one supercilious speech at the end. Still, the story line twists one way and then another and always keeps your attention. Every time you think you have the mystery figured out, you don't.
Although Snipes has star billing, Diane Lane's performance is equal to his. She plays tough Secret Service agent Nina Chance.  She is a career agent trapped between her conscience and her dedication to her position. Both Snipes and Lane play intelligent people with interesting other lives. Regis constructs Civil War battlefield models, and Chance was a gold metal sharpshooter at the Olympics.
Daniel Benzali wins the award for the worst performance in the film. With a constant scowl and a shaved head, he plays the ever menacing Nick Spikings, head of White House security. He grunts most of his lines.
Ronny Cox plays President Jack Neil. President Neil has a hostage crisis to deal with while the murder investigation goes forward. Lambasted as being an ineffectual and indecisive president, his make-up has him looking ready for the undertaker. Alan Alda plays Alvin Jordan, the president's National Security Advisor.
A high energy thriller with two good leads. What more could you ask for? Well to start with, a plot with a tinge of plausibility and a supporting cast that was not embarrassing. Nevertheless, Snipes and Lane manage to carry the movie.
MURDER AT 1600 runs 1:45. It is rated R for violence, profanity, and sexuality. It is a mild R and would be fine for teenagers. I enjoyed the picture, flaws and all, so I recommend it to you and give it ** 1/2.
**** = A must see film. *** = Excellent show. Look for it. ** = Average movie. Kind of enjoyable. * = Poor show. Don't waste your money. 0 = Totally and painfully unbearable picture.
REVIEW WRITTEN ON: April 15, 1997
Opinions expressed are mine and not meant to reflect my employer's.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Schedules
| Date: | Tue, Mar 23, 2010 |
| Time: | All Day (3am-3am) |
| Route: | 3 Colonnade . |
| All times | |
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| [D] | Destination 3X NEPEAN CENTRE MERIVALE VIEWMOUNT |
| Choose new stops |
| Choose a new direction |
| Choose a new route |


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Sergey's notes
Main concepts
Part 1
World Wide Web (www)
www - is a collection of HTML documents. This documents are made of HTML (HyperText Markup Language).
To see this documents i send HTTP Request to a Server via the internet. The main instrument i use to recieve and interpret HTML pages is a browser.
HTML "glues" all types of information (videos,music,pictures etc.).
It contains of :
-Text content which describes what you see
-Markup which describes what it looks like
-References to other documents such as video, music etc.
-Links to other pages
Part 2
HTML Markup is made up of tags
(< name > content < /name >). If you don't follow the syntax the computer won't show your command in appropriate way. Somethin like this may occure
Inline vs Block Element
HTML elements may be inline or block. Block elements form an "invisible box" around the content inside of them.


First Level Interior Page
Second Level Interior Page
Third Level Interior Page
Fourth Level Interior Page


In George Lucas' Star Wars trilogy, Jedi Knights were expected to make their own light sabers. The message was clear: a warrior confronted by a powerful empire bent on totalitarian control must be self-reliant. As we face a real threat of a ban on the distribution of strong cryptography, in the United States and possibly world-wide, we should emulate the Jedi masters by learning how to build strong cryptography programs all by ourselves. If this can be done, strong cryptography will become impossible to suppress.
While cryptographers like to wallow in the complexity of their art, the basic elements of a strong cryptographic system are quite simple and well known in the programming community. By choosing a simple but strong cipher that is already widely published and agreeing on how to use it, anyone with elementary programming skills can write their own encryption program without relying on any products that can be banned.
CipherSaber-1 uses Ron Rivest's RC4 algorithm as published in the second edition of Bruce Schneier's Applied Cryptography. RC4 is widely respected and used in a number of products, including SSL, the tool Web browsers use to secure credit card forms. With a long enough key RC4 is considered strong by most experts. RC4 is also extraordinarily easy to explain and to reproduce. As Schneier says, "The algorithm is so simple that most programmers can quickly code it from memory." Implementations of RC4 are widely available on the Internet but it is actually easier to write your own version.
The legal status of RC4 is the subject of some controversy. The RSA Division of Security Dynamics still considers RC4 confidential and proprietary. It is not patented and, to the extent that Schneier is correct (and no one doubts him), it is not confidential. However, anyone wishing to build a commercial product using CipherSaber might find it cost-effective, as well as polite, to obtain a license from RSA. Apologies to Prof. Rivest for suggesting individuals use his invention without his consent. If there were another strong algorithm so singularly suitable, CipherSaber would have used it.
CipherSaber is a symmetric-key file encryption system. That means it uses the same secret key to encode and decode a computer file. To send a secret message, just attach the CipherSaber encoded binary file to an e-mail. Both sender and recipient must have the same secret key.
Because CipherSaber uses a stream cipher, an initialization vector must be attached to the user's key to prevent the same RC4 key from being used twice. CipherSaber uses a ten byte long random string for this purpose. When your CipherSaber-1 program encrypts a file, it must put the ten byte initialization vector in front of the coded data. For decryption, your CipherSaber-1 program reads the initialization vector from the file and appendeds it to the user key before the RC4 key setup step.
A CipherSaber-1 program can be implemented in 16 lines of QBasic (38 individual Basic statements). The source code is short enough to print on tee-shirts and coffee mugs. But there is no need to distribute source code at all. The CipherSaber concept can be passed on by word of mouth, if necessary.
The U.S. Congress is considering legislation that would ban the domestic distribution of cryptographic products that do not provide for immediate government access to the plaintext of messages. This government access must be possible without the consent or even the knowledge of the message's sender or recipient. The stated intent is to protect us from criminals and terrorists. Also, an international agreement on limiting the spread of armaments, called the Wassenaar Arrangement, has just been changed to block export of mass-market software containing strong cryptography.
The simplicity of CipherSaber should prove once and for all that the criminals and terrorists of this world will not be deprived of strong cryptography simply because the distribution of unapproved products is banned. They can get the necessary technology to make their own from existing books or the Internet whenever they feel they need it.
Another goal of CipherSaber is to demonstrate that strong cryptography cannot be banned without severe restrictions on freedom of speech. Banning the sale of a complex computer program or even the multi-volume printed edition of PGP source code may seem acceptable to many people. Banning the simple instructions needed for CipherSaber will require the starkest abridgment of the First Amendment.
Finally, CipherSaber is a useful pedagogical tool, helping to educate students by presenting them with a real-world programming problem that has both technical and ethical dimensions. We urge teachers of computer science and authors of books on programming to consider including CipherSaber as an exercise in their courses and texts.
CipherSaber parallels the time honored doctrine of jury nullification, where jurors simply refuse to convict persons of violating laws that the jurors determine are unreasonable or unjust. Similarly technologists may take lawful steps as individuals to prevent their work from being used to build a totalitarian infrastructure. It is not that the present U.S. Government is evil -- it may well be the most benign government in history. But once the technology for totalitarian control is in place, this or any government will inexorably use it more and more, as recent events in Washington have demonstrated. And that technology is coming together with alarming rapidity. George Orwell's novel 1984 is not science fiction, it is just one more high tech product plan that missed its original delivery date.
CipherSaber-1 is and encryption method based on simple use of existing technology:
1. The CipherSaber-1 encryption algorithm is RC4 as published in the beginning of Chapter 17 of Applied Cryptography, Second Edition, by Bruce Schneier, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996. RC4 is on page 397 in the English edition, ISBN 0-471-11709-9. Also see the CipherSaber FAQ.
2. Each encrypted file consists of a ten byte initialization vector followed by the cipher text. A new, random ten byte initialization vector should be created each time encryption is performed.
3. The cipher key, which is the array K(i) in Schneier's notation, consists of the user key, in the form of an Ascii text string, followed by the ten byte initialization vector.
The above is all a programmer needs to know in order to write a program that can encipher and decipher CipherSaber-1 files.
The user key is a text string, rather than a hex value, because humans are more likely to be able to memorize a text string with sufficient entropy. To leave room for the initialization vector, the length of the user key must be less than 246 bytes. To insure adequate mixing of the initialization vector and user key, we recommend you select a user key of 54 bytes or less. A user key with a minimum of 14 random letters, or 5 short words selected at random from a dictionary, should be used for medium security (64 bit entropy). For high security, use 20 random letters or seven random words. (90 bit entropy).
Any value that is unique for each message can be used for initialization vector, but use of random values makes encrypted files indistinguishable from random noise. Note that the initialization vector is not kept secret. The random number generation used to make the initialization vector does not have to be particularly strong. The "rand" functions in most programming environments will suffice for a moderate number of messages, provided the function is seeded in some non-deterministic way, such as using the system clock. See a Cryptanalysis of CipherSaber for more details.
For file encryption, a user need only memorize one key or passphrase. For messaging, users need to exchange pairs of keys through some secure means, most likely in person. Maintaining a list of correspondent's keys or passphrases in a master file, preferably itself encrypted with a memorized master key, is less convenient than public key encryption. But it may be all that is left in a few years if PGP key servers are banned.
It may even be possible to teach a manual version of the Diffie-Hellman key exchange, perhaps using large number calculators (easily built in Java 1.1). The Diffie-Hellman procedure need be carried out just once per pair of correspondents, since CipherSaber eliminates the need to exchange keys for every message.
CipherSaber programs can be easily written in almost any programming language. The Basic language, which used to come with all DOS based computers, is suitable. It can still be found on the Microsoft Windows '95 CD-ROM in the OTHER\OLDMSDOS directory, and on the Microsoft Windows '98 CD-ROM in the TOOLS\OLDMSDOS directory. Just copy QBASIC.EXE and QBASIC.HLP to your hard drive's DOS directory and you can start programming. Macintosh users can download the free Chipmunk Basic interpreter from the Internet. Begin by writing a program that can copy binary files byte by byte and then test it thoroughly before you add the encryption algorithm.
Users can, of course, add features of their own to CipherSaber programs. For example a secure diary system that stored files in CipherSaber would not be hard to write in Java or Visual Basic. However it is important to keep CipherSaber itself simple so everyone can write a program that will read and write CipherSaber files.
Feel free to e-mail your comments, suggestions and experiences with CipherSaber. Please do not send your CipherSaber programs. No encryption software -- source code or object code -- will be posted on this site!
To popularize CipherSaber, a "gif" file encrypted using CipherSaber, is available on this Web site. This file, when decoded, can be printed as a CipherKnight wall certificate. The certificate may be displayed by persons who met certain criteria, including writing the program that decrypted the certificates. Here are the honor-system-enforced rules:
1. Write you own CipherSaber program.
2. Write a letter to your political representative expressing your opinion (whatever it may be) of the proposed ban on the distribution of strong cryptography.
3. Download and install PGP, generate a key pair and post your key to a public key server.
4.
5. Decrypt cknight.cs1 and print the CipherSaber wall certificate using the CipherSaber program you wrote yourself. The key is: "ThomasJefferson"
Any of the eligibility requirements above is waved if it illegal in the applicant's local jurisdiction or if the applicant reasonably believes carrying it out would place him or her in danger.
The following files are provided to help you check your work. Caution: Watch out for alterations in test file content due to text mode translation. Use ftp in binary mode, if possible, to download the files.
This is a short text file encrypted with "asdfg" as the user key. Here are the contents of cstest1.cs1 in hex, in case you cannot download the file for some reason:
6f 6d 0b ab f3 aa 67 19 03 15 30 ed b6 77 ca 74 e0 08 9d d0 e7 b8 85 43 56 bb 14 48 e3 7c db ef e7 f3 a8 4f 4f 5f b3 fd
This text file was CipherSaber-1 encrypted with the key "SecretMessageforCongress" Remember that CipherSaber keys are case sensitive.
This file is encrypted with the key "ThomasJefferson" It contains your CipherKnight wall certificate as a .gif file.
"It is the common fate of the indolent to see their rights become prey to the active. The condition upon which God hath given liberty to man is eternal vigilance."
John Philpot Curran, 1790
Even if the proposed ban on strong cryptography does not become law, it is important that the CipherSaber concept be distributed as widely as possible. Please help in any legal way you can.
Here are some people who have acted on this request:
Arnold G.
Reinhold
Co-author
E-mail
for Dummies,
Internet
for Dummies Quick Reference
Cambridge, Massachusetts
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>CipherSaber programs may be subject to export controls in the United States, and many other countries and may be illegal altogether in some countries. Persons within the United States should not give copies of CipherSaber programs to foreign nationals, except for Canadian citizens, without a license. Persons traveling to other countries should familiarize themselves with local regulations. Consult a lawyer if you need legal advice.
Star Wars is a registered trademark of Lucasfilm Ltd. RC4 is a trademark of the RSA Division of Security Dynamics.
While CipherSaber-1 merely uses a published cipher, to the extent that anyone might consider that there are patentable improvements to the art embodied in CipherSaber-1 or CipherSaber-2, they are hereby placed in the public domain.
The test samples and the encrypted version of the CipherKnight certificate may be freely copied and distributed intact by any means.
Deciphered versions of the CipherKnight certificate are Copyright 1997 by Arnold G. Reinhold but may be be copied and printed for individual, non-commercial use by any individual meeting the eligibility criteria described above.
CipherSaber, CS1, CS2, and CipherKnight are trademarks of Arnold G. Reinhold. A free, nonexclusive license is hereby granted to use the marks CipherSaber, CS1 and CS2 on any product that is interoperable with CipherSaber as demonstrated by the ability to decrypt the test samples supplied and to produce files readable by other implementations of CipherSaber. The marks may also be used in supporting material that promotes CipherSaber.
Books that are hyperlinked are available on-line in association with Amazon.com.
This document is Copyright © 1997-1999 by Arnold G. Reinhold. Permission is hereby give for unabridged copies to be distributed freely.
|


{% extends "templates/base.html" %} {% block content %} -{{prop.user|safe}}
Where I share my thoughts
Read more »


TOUCH OF EVIL
Reviewed by Harvey Karten, Ph.D. October Films Director: Orson Welles Writer: Orson Welles, novel by Whit Masterson Cast: Orson Welles, Charlton Heston, Janet Leigh, Marlene Dietrich, Joseph Calleia
Like "Touch of Evil," "L.A. Confidental" is a noir film pitting a corrupt cop against an honest policeman who rises above the muck. Both have bleak world views, are richly detailed, and are on the long side in running time. Both feature Oscar- worthy stars. But if you liked Curtis Hanson's 1997 blockbuster, you will not necessarily go for Orson Welles's 1958 work, "Touch of Evil." The Welles picture is re-released at this time in a newly edited version, one in which production editor Rick Schmidlin takes into account a 58-page set of notes dashed off by its famed director to improve the final cut, while Walter Murch does the actual polishing. Looking at the black-and-white detective story in today's eyes, you may well find it too stagey (as I did), with a hackneyed, contrived ending. As such, "Touch of Evil" may be of value principally to film scholars and buffs, fans of Welles who feel the great man can do no wrong, and young people interested in seeing what the Welles fuss is all about.
The story itself is nothing much, and we can see why Universal-International, the studio which owned the film, felt it would be accepted as a B-movie, and why American critics were largely luke-warm about the production. The narrative opens with a bang, as a mysterious man photographed from a distance places dynamite in the trunk of a large car on the California side of the Mexican border. Moments later, a guy with his stripper girl friend hops in, and ust as he drives across the frontier his car explodes. By luck, Mike Vargas (Charlton Heston), an honest Mexican narco who has just walked over to the Mexican side with his new American bride Susan (Janet Leigh), interrupts his honeymoon to investigate the crime. (Since Vargas had for a while been harassing a drug dealer, Grandis, the Grandis clan are seeking revenge, which they get by later kidnapping Vargas's new wife.) But Hank Quinlan (Orson Welles), an outrageously fat American police chief, takes over the case determined to find the perp even if a closing of the case requires that he frame some seedy Mexican. We have no idea how an American cop is able to go beyond his jurisdiction and terrorize Mexicans into confessing to a crime which has taken place on Mexican territory, but simply must accept this flaw for the sake of the tale.
"Touch of Evil" is in no way another "Citizen Kane," Orson Welles' 1941 movie which some consider the greatest film of all time. This re-edited version conforms more to the director's wishes than the original 1958 release. For example, the opening explosion is no longer marred by a show of the film's credits and the sound track is replete with the tinny sounds that Welles favored. It's still a B-movie, though re- released at a time in which our $8 no longer brings us a B- movie as a double-feature. The ado is based rather on some thematic challenges which Welles devised for the 1958 screen and for the inventive photography implemented at a time in which special effects were still in a neolithic stage.
Thematically, Welles dabbled with ideas considered daring for its time. The romantic couple are interracial, the blond, sassy, all-American Susan taking her honeymoon with the upright Mexican, Vargas. The American cop is the unscrupulous one; the Mexican, the ethical model. Sexual references are highlighted, as Vargas and Susan kiss passionately from time to time only to have the consummation of their marriage delayed by events which overtake them. Even here, the couple show signs of conflict in the midst of their honeymoon, with Susan protesting her husband's choice of venue and insisting on leaving the area, without him if necessary. The kidnap scene hints at a gang bang, as smarmy members of the Mexican underworld, who have just kidnapped Susan and shut her into a motel in the middle of nowhere, approach her menacingly. The film also has engaging, even campy, portrays by actors like cigar-chomping Marlene Dietrich who had once loved Quinlan and Dennis Weaver as a nervous, seemingly retarded night man in the desolate motel.
Cinematically, Welles dabbles in imagery with which he first experimented in "Citizen Kane." Though this time around he does not use the spinning tabloid-like replicas across the screen as he did in 1941, his images are dark and disturbing, an outward representation of the inner world of the dissolute American cop. Particularly murky are the canal waters which appear in the film's climactic scene, actually filmed in Venice, California--which substitutes for the seedy Mexican border town. The shot considered a technical master stroke does not look like much today: while Quinlan third-degrees the suspect in the latter's home, the single camera follows the two on a crab dolly from room to room, the imagery captured in a single set of frames. Welles also putters with the cross- cutting of scenes, displayed more readily in this re-edited version, with activities of different locales photographed so that the actions seem simultaneous. The film also uses sustained washes of sound rather than an operatic scoring, the latter being the traditional choice of directors of such stories. Most of all, Welles has himself photographed from low-angle shots, his already corpulent body made even stockier by padding, his features becoming steadily more repugnant as he descends deeper into his own mental deterioration.
All in all, though, the movie shows a simplistic conflict of good vs. evil and even in its own time, its distribution was scant and unprofitable. "Touch of Evil" is still a B-movie.
Not Rated. Running time: 115 minutes. (C) Harvey Karten 1998
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


So here it goes, baby. At first, I didn't really expect that we will come this far. Biruin mo ang dami na nating pinagdaanan together. All the bashes and stuff. Lahat na yata ng pwedeng pagsubok hinarap na natin pero ito pa rin tayo ngayon lumalaban, strong, at patuloy na nagtitiwala sa isa't isa.
I didn't knew that God will allow us to get back together, better than the first time we had feelings for each other. But yeah, there's definitely no need to rush in love. There's always a right time for everything . And March 07, 2017 was the right time for the both of us.
Akala ko talaga nung una, wala lang. fling lang. Akala ko hanggang landian na lang. Hanggang sa umaayaw na ako pero nageffort ka to win me back. There are also a lot of times that I thought would be the end of our relationship. But no, we both learned our lessons from all those "away" that we had.  Pero nung nandun na tayo sa situation na yun, tbh, hindi ko pala talaga kaya. Ewan ko ba. Bakit nung una hindi ko nakita yung worth mo pero ngayon parang hindi ko na yata gugustuhin pa na mawala ka.
Ganun naman yata talaga diba? May mga bagay na sa una hindi mo makita yung halaga pero kapag nakuha na ng iba dun mo makikita na mahalaga pala sila. Maswerte lang ako baby kasi kahit binalewala kita nung una, ibinalik ka pa rin sa akin ni Lord. Salamat kasi pinagbigyan mo rin yung "tayo".
Alam mo ba, baby, sobrang saya ng nararamdaman ko ngayon. Una dahil sa ako pala yung unang babae na icecelebrate mo nang anniversary (yung straight months, no other person involved) Sobrang sarap din sa pakiramdam kasi never mo pinaramdam sakin na hindi ako enough. Sobrang bihira na lang talaga sa panahon ngayon yung kagaya mo na kahit malayo sa mahal niya, nakukuha pa rin niyang maging loyal. Sobrang saludo ako sayo dun baby kasi ikaw lang nagparamdam sakin na kaya mo akong mahalin at pasayahin nang ako lang, kahit gaano pa tayo hadlangan ng TIME and DISTANCE.
Ngayon, malayo ka, ang maipapangako ko lang sayo is maghihintay ako sayo kahit gaano pa katagal. Hinding hindi ko ibebreak sayo yung promise ko na ikaw lang talaga, na tayong dalawa hanggang sa dulo, na magpapakasal tayo. Alam ko darating yung panahon na loloobin ni Lord na magkasama tayo ulit. I know that what is happening to us right now is to make us stronger and learn more things eventhough we are not together. Siguro nga kung hanggang ngayon araw-araw tayo magkasama, baka nagbreak na rin tayo sa sobrang dalas mag-away. I'm not saying that yun ang mangyayari kapag magkasama tayo. What I mean is because of this kind of relationship, we learned how to handle fights, emotions and temper and to fix our misundestandings without having to say the words, "Ayoko na. Break na tayo." Although, there are a lot of times that we almost breakup na talaga. Lalo na nung bago-bago ka pa lang sa Canada. But thank God, He both changed us. At ngayon, naniniwala ako na we are stronger than ever.
But yeah, we are not that kind of perfect relationship and we don't have to be like one. What I need is to have a relationship that I can keep until my last breath. A relationship that I can hold onto whatever struggles that may come to us. There will be more to come, babe. And I know that know you that. Ikaw pa ba? Ang dami mo na kayang natututunan sa buhay. Kaya nga ang dami ko rin natututunan sayo e. So for now, while we are far from each other, I want you to take care of yourself, to achieve your dreams, to build a better future for yourself, for your mami and ate, and of course for our future family. You know that I have a BIG BIG TRUST on you. And I know that you'll never break it.
So now that we are about to begin a new chapter of our relationship, I pray for us to become much stronger this another year. I hope that the days, weeks, months that will come will be much more memorable and exciting. I also hope that there will be really NO MORE BREAKUPS. I am also looking forward to more happy moments with you this another year. And to be realistic, sana hindi tayo magsawa kasi yehey nakalipas na ang isang taon hahahaha. Sana hindi ka magbago at sana ako pa rin hanggang sa mga susunod pang 69 million years. I really hope and pray to see you very soon. I can't wait to hug and kiss you, again. I miss you baby. I love you so much!


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Abeera shahzad achi bchi hai.Abeera shahzad achi bchi hai. Abeera shahzad achi bchi hai. bchi hai.Abeera shahzad achi bchi hai
Abeera shahzad achi bchi hai.Abeera shahzad achi bchi hai.Abeera shahzad achi bchi haiAbeera shahzad achi bchi hai