public class ScoreTable
extends java.lang.Object
CourseAssistantPool
and a set of
CourseInstancePool
s. A course assistant pool is a set of course
assistants available for a given term. A course instancePool is a set of
courseInstancePool. The assignment result will stored as indexes. The final
assignment can be find by search tableMapping using the indexes stored.| Constructor and Description |
|---|
ScoreTable(CourseAssistantPool cap,
CourseInstancePool cip)
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
assign()
This method will store the final assignment as a hashMap in assignment.
|
void |
display()
Create a method for display the final result This method will take the
result, and tableMaping.
|
void |
displayHash()
Create a method for display the assignment.
|
CourseAssistantPool |
getCap()
A getter to get the cap.
|
int |
getCapSize()
A getter to get the capSize.
|
CourseInstancePool |
getCip()
A getter to get the Cip.
|
int |
getCipSize()
A getter to get the cipSize.
|
Hungarian |
getHunOpt()
A getter to get the hunOpt.
|
int[] |
getResult()
A getter to get the Result.
|
java.util.ArrayList<java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Double>> |
getScoreTable()
A getter to get the ScoreTable.
|
java.util.ArrayList<java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Double>> |
getTable()
A getter to get the score table.
|
double[][] |
getTableForHungarian()
A getter to get the tableForHungarian.
|
java.util.ArrayList<java.util.ArrayList<TableInstance>> |
getTableMaping()
A getter to get the TableMaping.
|
public ScoreTable(CourseAssistantPool cap, CourseInstancePool cip)
CourseInstancePool,
- CourseAssistantPool This score table will obtain
result of assignment. which is stored in field of result. It is an
array, the index of the array representing course. and the value of
that index representing ca.
THIS METHOD CAN ONLY ASSIGN ONE TA TO ONE SECTION. IT CAN NOT ASSIGN
ONE TA TO MULTIPUL SECTION FOR NOW. MORE CONSTRAIN WILL BE ADDED IN
THE FUTURE TO ACHEIVE ONE TO MANY ASSGINMENT.public void display()
public java.util.ArrayList<java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Double>> getTable()
public int[] getResult()
public double[][] getTableForHungarian()
public Hungarian getHunOpt()
public CourseAssistantPool getCap()
public CourseInstancePool getCip()
public java.util.ArrayList<java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Double>> getScoreTable()
public java.util.ArrayList<java.util.ArrayList<TableInstance>> getTableMaping()
public int getCapSize()
public int getCipSize()
public void assign()
public void displayHash()


<<< BACK <<<
STM-007: ZEUS
Authors
Kalra, Sukrit and Goel, Seep and Dhawan, Mohan and Sharma, Subodh
Venue and Year
NDSS, 2018
Original Work
ZEUS: Analyzing Safety of Smart Contracts
Defense Modality
Additive
Core Method(s)
symbolic execution
Input-Output Mapping
bytecode => report
Targeted Contracts
Any Ethereum
Threat Model
Vulnerable contract, malicious contract, or both
both
Targeted Vulnerabilities


Error: Could not connect to the server or the session is invalid.
Welcome, player!
 You can double click on any player to kick them.


Does talking to people on the phone give you anxiety? Do you lack the motivaiton to learn recipes and cook on your own? Are you moderately wealthy? Well then we've got good news for you. Order online 24/7. Well have it to you in 10 hours or less.)
Great Deals
loyalty
If you think you can find better deals on food, you're probably right, we sell super expensive food.
Fast Delivery
fast_forward
We are currently testing using well-coordinated courier birds to deliver foods faster than ever. If the birds arrive without your food you are contractually entitled to cook them as dinner instead. (We exclusively use bats)


The static files middleware in the OwinFramework support the following configuration options:
| Property | Default | Current | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| StaticFilesRootUrl | {staticFilesRootUrl.default} | {staticFilesRootUrl} |
Configures the URL within your web site where static files will be served. If you leave this property empty then the root folder for the web site will be the root url for static files. For example setting this property to /assets means that any requests to your site that begin with /assets could be served as static files (provided all of the other criteria are met). So for example a URL like /assets/logo.jpg would be a potential static file resource. This middleware will only serve files that actually exist in the file system. If the request is for a non-existent file then the request will be passed to the next middleware in the OWIN pipeline. If you want 404 to be returned in this situation, then place some middleware behind this one in the OWIN pipeline that returns a 404 response. |
| DocumentationRootUrl | {documentationRootUrl.default} | {documentationRootUrl} |
Configures the URL within your web site where configutation documentation for this middleware will be avialble. Set this to an empty string to disable this documentation in a production environment. |
| RootDirectory | {rootDirectory.default} | {rootDirectory} |
Configures the path in the file system where static files reside. This path can be relative to the root folder of the site, or an absolute path to anywhere on the file system including a UNC path to a network resource. |
| Enabled | {enabled.default} | {enabled} |
The Enabled property allows you to turn off the static file handler. Note that you can also limit the availability of static files by placing middleware in front of it that restricts access to only certain people instead of disabling it, or you can include Authorization middleware in your pipeline and set the requiredPermission attribute on this middleware. Note that you can include multiple static file handlers in your OWIN pipeline, and configure each one to serve files from a different folder and have different restrictions. |
| IncludeSubFolders | {includeSubFolders.default} | {includeSubFolders} |
The RequiredPermission property allows you to restrict acess to static files. For this to work you must have some Authorization middleware configured in your Owin pipeline. The name of the permission that you specify here is any permission recognized by the Authorization middleware that you configured. |
| FileExtensions | {fileExtensions.default} | {fileExtensions} |
An array of file extensions to serve. Any files with extensions not on this list will not be served. To allow all file types to be served, configure this property with an empty array. |
| RequiredPermission | {requiredPermission.default} | {requiredPermission} |
The RequiredPermission property allows you to restrict acess to static files. For this to work you must have some Authorization middleware configured in your Owin pipeline. The name of the permission that you specify here is any permission recognized by the Authorization middleware that you configured. |
| MaximumFileSizeToCache | {maximumFileSizeToCache.default} | {maximumFileSizeToCache} |
Files larger than this size will not be cached, but served from the file system on every request |
| MaximumCacheTime | {maximumCacheTime.default} | {maximumCacheTime} |
Files will not be cached in memory for longer than this timespan. This enabled you to replace the files on the file system and have them gradually replace the old ones. |
| AnalyticsEnabled | {analyticsEnabled.default} | {analyticsEnabled} |
Allows you to turn off the analytics for this middleware |
This middleware is configured the same way as all other middleware in the Owin Framework; you need to construct a class that implements IConfiguration then add a fluid .ConfigureWith() when you register this middleware with the Owin Framework builder. Please read Owin Framework documentation on configuration for full details with examples.


© 2017-2021 CD M. Santiago, All rights reserved.
He3 (Helium 3), a multi-window, floating browser for Mac OS X, Above all else.
This help will cover the few less obvious topics.
He3 supports application share menus, share actions via content drag and drop, or by using the He3 custom URL schemes - he3lium: or he3:, in a web browser, or via the terminal command line; i.e,
1% open he3://<file-or-web-url> or 1% open he3lium://<file-or-web-url>NOTE:
With advent of multiple windows, it might not be obvious which is the current or key window, especially when He3 is not the default application.
The He3 key window features its title in a bold font.
When He3 is the current app, you can click on one of its windows to select a new key window.
To make He3 the current, active, application, hold down the SHIFT
key when moving into a window. You can also select a key window by using the Windows menu when He3 is active.
Note the mouse click on lower right window to make key window, but then moves outside to another, but key
window
is closed on user input ⌘W
key press.
While He3 supports multiple windows, these are not documents, not in the typical sense of individual storage, file / URL openings, or save dialogs. He3 treats all documents as part of a larger context stored within the user's defaults.
Each of a document's details are either read-only attributes or read-write preferences. Document details are automatically saved whenever a URL is made known to He3 or any changes are made, such a moving a document window. He3 does support normal URL file open and drag-and-drop operations but not save.Document Details
A window is presented for each URL made known to He3 by either filesystem or web location. All URL access is read only. He3 can write by drag-and-drop to the Finder. Dragging a document window title bar icon creates an alias to the document url.
A window name is derived from the document URL.
By default a window's size is remembered when recalled.
By default a window's origin is remembered when recalled and updated when moved.
For video and audio URLs, He3 will catalog the asset's duration.
The global user agent preference is an inherited default which maybe altered to a custom user agent on a per view basis
Each document window is a browser window and by its contextual menu, can be alter its attributes such as mute, loop, hide controls, copy video adress, user agent, and when implemented: full screen, and download. It can also provide access to helper applications such as Share, as well as access to open new URLs, close window, and access to document attributes, preferences as well as to access playlists and their play items.
He3 can hide and restore a document window's title when moving the pointer beyond the document window. This preference is document specific.
He3 will float its document windows above other apps, across all spaces. Optionally the window can be local to the current space.&ebsp; Note that windows cannot be moved across spaces. This preference is document specific.
He3 can vary a document window opacity value from 10 .. 100%. This preference is document specific.
He3 will keep the items seen in a history playlist named "History" by default; this may be altered in the Playlists panel.
The default history "keep" size is 256 items. Should you need to alter the default use the Terminal app; for example:
1% defaults read -app He3 historyKeep 256 1% defaults write -app He3 historyKeep 100 1% defaults read -app He3 historyKeep 100
It is not advised to choose a value too large.
He3 does not use or require location services, but some web sites, such as those featuring streaming content might. To support this, He3 features the ability to toggle location services and or disable or deny location for the app. Note that this denial can only be reset via the Security & Privacy Panel of the MacOS Settings app. He3 provides a quick link to this app via the Location Services tab of its Preferences panel:
To further simply the process of toggling location services, there's also a menu item to do so, whose state can also be viewed witin the He3 Preferences panel.
Finally, He3 can be told to remember your location preference and restore it between app executions.
He3 will limit the size of a playlist "play" to reduce runaway sessions.
Should you need to alter the default use the Terminal app; for example:
1% defaults read -app He3 playlistThrottle 32 1% defaults write -app He3 playlistThrottle 16 1% defaults read -app He3 playlistThrottle 16
It is not advised to choose a value too large.
The He3 user agent string should not normally be modified. With that said however, you may need to alter it.
He3 maintains both a global preference default user agent - affecting future web views:or per web view attribute, custom user agent setting, affecting the current view only:
This setting dialog may appear as a separate window or an attached sheet depending on the current key window if any, and whether the dialog was invoked from menu bar (default) or status app or contextual menu (custom).
Note: With the advent of tabs, a He3 window may contain several views, each with a distinct user agent.He3 can vary a document window opacity display when moving the pointer inside or outside a document window, never, or always. This preference is document specific. This video shows from top left clockwise, an auto-hide title, an always transluency, a mouse over, a mouse outside, and a never translucency window.
He3 remembers all documents seen in a history queue. This information is saved and restored across sessions.
He3, provides a web search interface to Bing, Google and Yahoo! web search urls.
Searches are cached within the default history playlist and preserved across sessions.
He3 can catalog documents into playlists, groups of document URLs, which can be restored or opened by play list or its individual play items. By default, He3 will restore all document windows left open from a prior session. Playlist items can be manually created or via drag-n-drop. Editing a playlist item is guarded by its non-zero time field.
The tableView corner menu features a button to renumber in current order playlist items.
This ranking governs which item are selected for playlist. Duplicate items can be pruned by
holding down SHIFT
key while pressing the button.
In addition to the open, and load file or location menu items, He3 supports a recents menu
a dock menu
a status bar menu
and a contextual menu.
If you want to launch He3 at login, use its perference to do so.
He3 uses defaults as its main store. You can read them like so in a terminal window:
1% defaults read -app He3
It is not advised to alter defaults directly, however, unless instructed. i.e.,
% defaults read -app He3 colorStatusIcon 1 % defaults write -app He3 colorStatusIcon 0 % defaults read -app He3 colorStatusIcon 0
He3 startup can be affected by holding down some key modifiers as follows:
SHIFT- do not reopen previously open documents. This is useful to launch He3 by opening a document.
OPTION+SHIFT- clear all defaults. A sound wil play to acknowledge clearings.
Track status of He3 at its wiki or issues page.
See more help and exmaples at He3 on github!
/los "I was a teenage net-random"


Instructions:
Left and Right Arrows: Move Player
Up Arrow: Shoot
Asteroid Invaders was created as a University project for understanding and analysing the javascript language


brought to you by lemonhead94
DESCRIPTION
Previous
Next
IN THIS VERSION
DEPENDENCIES
LINKS
Oh snap!
The package you are tying to view is not hosted on this repository.
CONTACT


-mkftrgrp template: commu?clnt=<name|pass>&com=mkftrgrp&algorithm=clustermining&th=<num>¶ms=<param1|param2|..> descript: Creates new clusters of features. The algorithm parameter is the algorithm that will be used for the clustering. The params takes the needed parameters for the algorithm and must be seperated by the chaacter |. Final the exclude defines the features that will be not given aw input to the cluster algorithm. If there are more than one features that must be excluded the character | is used.The th is the threashold that distances must pass to create the binarized graph example : commu?clnt=name|pass&com=mkftrgrp&algorithm=bk¶ms=0&exclude=ftr1|ftr2 returns : 200 OK, 401 (fail, request error), 501 (fail, server error) 200 OK : no response body exists.


Falco
open Falco
open Falco.Routing
open Falco.HostBuilder
webHost [||] {
endpoints [
get "/" (Response.ofPlainText "Hello World")
]
}
Falco is a toolkit for building fast, functional-first and fault-tolerant web applications using F#.
- Built upon the high-performance components of ASP.NET Core.
- Optimized for building HTTP applications quickly.
- Seamlessly integrates with existing .NET Core middleware and libraries.
Key Features
- Asynchronous request handling.
- Simple and powerful routing API.
- Fast, secure and configurable web server.
- Native F# view engine.
- Uniform API for accessing request data.
- Authentication and security utilities.
- Built-in support for large uploads and binary responses.
Design Goals
- Provide a toolset to build a working full-stack web application.
- Should be simple, extensible and integrate with existing .NET libraries.
- Can be easily learned.
Learn
The best way to get started is by visiting the documentation. For questions and support please use discussions. The issue list of this repo is exclusively for bug reports and feature requests. For chronological updates refer to the changelog is the best place to find chronological updates.
If you want to stay in touch, feel free to reach out on Twitter.
Have an article or video that you want to share? We'd love to hear from you! To add your content, visit this discussion.
Related Libraries
- Falco.Markup - an XML markup module primary used as the syntax for authoring HTML with Falco.
- Falco.Template - a .NET SDK project template to help get started with Falco quickly.
- Falco.Htmx - An experimental Falco integration with htmx JS package.
Community Projects
- FalcoJournal - A bullet journal built with Falco, .NET 5.x and ASP.NET Core.
- Falco GraphQL Sample - A sample showing how to use GraphQL on Falco using .NET 6.
- Falco API with Tests Sample - A sample project using Falco and unit testing.
- Falco + SQLite + Donald - A demo project using Falco, Donald, and SQLite
- FShopOnWeb - An adaptation of the classic ASP.NET Core sample application using Falco and an F# architecture.
Articles
Videos
- Ben Gobeil - Why I'm Using Falco Instead Of Saturn | How To Switch Your Backend In SAFE Stack | StonkWatch Ep.13
Contribute
Thank you for considering contributing to Falco, and to those who have already contributed! We appreciate (and actively resolve) PRs of all shapes and sizes.
We kindly ask that before submitting a pull request, you first submit an issue or open a discussion.
If functionality is added to the API, or changed, please kindly update the relevant document. Unit tests must also be added and/or updated before a pull request can be successfully merged.
All pull requests should originate from the develop
branch. A merge into this branch means that your changes are scheduled to go into production with the very next release, which could happen any time from the same day up to a couple weeks (depending on priorities and urgency).
Only pull requests which pass all build checks and comply with the general coding guidelines can be approved.
If you have any further questions, submit an issue or open a discussion or reach out on Twitter.
Why "Falco"?
Kestrel has been a game changer for the .NET web stack. In the animal kingdom, "Kestrel" is a name given to several members of the falcon genus. Also known as "Falco".
Find a bug?
There's an issue for that.
License
Built with ♥ by Pim Brouwers in Toronto, ON. Licensed under Apache License 2.0.


| Xmega Application Note | |||||
Programmable Multilevel Interrupt Controller driver. More...
#include <compiler.h>
#include <ccp.h>
Go to the source code of this file.
Enumerations | |
| enum | pmic_level { PMIC_LVL_LOW = PMIC_LOLVLEN_bm, PMIC_LVL_MEDIUM = PMIC_MEDLVLEN_bm, PMIC_LVL_HIGH = PMIC_HILVLEN_bm, PMIC_LVL_NMI = PMIC_NMIEX_bp } |
Interrupt level bitmasks. More... | |
| enum | pmic_schedule { PMIC_SCH_FIXED_PRIORITY, PMIC_SCH_ROUND_ROBIN, PMIC_NR_OF_SCHEDULES } |
Interrupt scheduling schemes. More... | |
| enum | pmic_vector { PMIC_VEC_APPLICATION, PMIC_VEC_BOOT, PMIC_NR_OF_VECTORS } |
Interrupt vector locations. More... | |
Functions | |
| static void | pmic_disable_level (enum pmic_level level) |
| Disable interrupts with specified level(s). | |
| static void | pmic_enable_level (enum pmic_level level) |
| Enable interrupts with specified level(s). | |
| static enum pmic_level | pmic_get_enabled_levels (void) |
| Get currently enabled level(s). | |
| static void | pmic_init (void) |
| Initialize the PMIC. | |
| static bool | pmic_level_is_enabled (enum pmic_level level) |
| Check if specified interrupt level(s) is enabled. | |
| static bool | pmic_level_is_executing (enum pmic_level level) |
| Check if an interrupt level(s) is currently executing. | |
| static void | pmic_set_scheduling (enum pmic_schedule schedule) |
| Set interrupt scheduling for low-level interrupts. | |
| static void | pmic_set_vector_location (enum pmic_vector vector) |
| Set location of interrupt vectors. |
Programmable Multilevel Interrupt Controller driver.
Copyright (C) 2010 Atmel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Definition in file pmic.h.
| Generated on Fri Oct 22 12:15:25 2010 for AVR1300 Using the Xmega ADC by 1.6.3 |


Richard Ugino is a professional actor and singer based in New York City.
His work has been seen on stage nationally in venues including the legendary Apollo Theater in New York. He has collaborated with Tony Award-winning and Grammy-nominated artists on new theatrical projects as well as established pieces. He has maintained an active career across a variety of entertainment media.
Richard made his professional stage debut in Michael Donald Edwards’ production of Amadeus at Syracuse Stage. Shortly thereafter, he was cast in the first national touring company of If This Hat Could Talk—a civil rights movement musical directed and choreographed by Tony winner George Faison (The Wiz.) Following this tour, Richard continued his work with Faison on a new production of West Side Story, performed at the Baltimore Lyric Opera House.
He has appeared on the New York stage in productions of Obama 44 (La MaMa e.t.c.), Macbeth and The Taming of the Shrew (CSV Cultural Center), Tartuffe (Theatre Row) and The Caucasian Chalk Circle (45 Bleecker). In addition, he has performed at Birdland Jazz Club, and regularly appears in readings and workshops in New York of new material, both musical and legit. As part of the RIPFEST filmmaking project, Richard performed in “The One That I Want”, a short film directed by Sean Gannet. The film was subsequently shown at the Staten Island Film Festival.
His extensive voiceover work includes narration, live announce and audiobook collaborations. He has repeatedly lent his voice to recordings by Full Cast Audio, young adult fiction author Bruce Coville’s audiobook publishing company. His Full Cast appearances include James Howe’s The Misfits and Tamora Pierce’s Circle of Magic series. Richard also recently completed narration for the DVD supplement of the textbook Instrumentation for Audiology and Hearing Science from Plural Publishing, Inc.
A graduate of Syracuse University with a BFA in Musical Theatre, Richard performed in numerous productions including Billy Bishop Goes to War—a multi-character solo performance piece with music—which served as his honors thesis from the University. While in the MFA Graduate Acting program at Brooklyn College, Richard appeared in The Thugs (Bart) directed by Welker White, Dancing at Lughnasa (Michael) directed by Mary Beth Easley, and Julius Caesar (Brutus) directed by William Addis.
Richard is a proud member of Actors’ Equity Association, the union of professional actors and stage managers in the United States.


I regret to say that yesterday we overlooked an important anniversary here at Hooting Yard. I refer not to the birthdays of Gilbert White (1720) or Tristan Corbière (1845), nor to the shuffling from this mortal coil of Machine Gun Kelly (1954). Nor am I even drawing to your attention the incident at Chappaquiddick (1969), though you may very well expect me to.
No, what we ought to have celebrated yesterday with flags and bunting and possibly a primitive blood sacrifice was the tenth anniversary of the first ever batch of smokers' poptarts going on sale. This toothsome “breakfast solution” is rightly celebrated by smokers and poptart lovers throughout the world, or what passes for the world when seen through a fug of dense Madagascan cigarette smoke.
To commemorate what social historians are already calling “the smokers' poptart decade”, the manufacturers are issuing celebratory packets of brand new Wafer-Thin Organic Potato-Trifle-Flavour Rectangular Ready-Toasted Smokers' Poptarts, including a free gift with every purchase of a poptart-shaped ashtray made of unbaked clay from the spooky quarry on Blodgett Island.
Legally inescapable health warnings on the packaging have been artfully subverted, thanks to top mezzotintist Rex Tint, whose design incorporates mezzotints showing noteworthy historical figures simultaneously smoking and stuffing smokers' poptarts down their gullets.


A little bit about me.
I've made my home base in the providence of Dallas. My journey into tech started with a degree in political science and a minor in management earned through the University of North Texas at Denton. With the advanced critical thinking and problem solving abilities and skill I developed at UNT I started learning to code while sharing my writing online. I was fascinated with how easily I could get my work out there. Additionally, wanting to learn how to build my own site to fit my own specific needs became the next step.
That curiosity then opened a door that could never be shut. When I learned how to build my first website, I realized I found something that gave me the freedom & versatility I was looking for in my work. I use a holistic approach and then zero in analytically when working on projects, solving problems, and innovations. Now I've made a full switch to programming and development, where I can use my organizational skills and eye for detail to write clean, elegant code.
Work`Samples
................................................................................................................................................................................
Responsive Mobile Development
Able to expand your outreach to mobile, tablet, desktop devices through Responsive Web Developent - Mobile 1st Strategy. Version control through Git-Hub, for working with your team, and too resolve glitches.
Your site will be 100 percent responsive to devices of your choice, such as those applicable here (i phone 6, i pad, and touch-screen desktops). Just click on the image above, then view with the specified devices, or manually adjust the width of your browser to experience.
Work`Samples
................................................................................................................................................................................
HTML, CSS, & JavaScript
My focus is writing clean. well-formatted, semantic code by hand to make sure that the content is easy to read, easy to collaborate, trouble-shoot & accessible.


Copyright 2012-2017 Hauser Olsson GmbH.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Version numbers are in 3 parts: a major, a medium, and a minor number. The major number is incremented very rarely, when the software is modified in such a way that clients using it need to be recoded or even redesigned. The medium number is incremented when modifications break backward compatibility. For all other modifications, only the minor number is incremented.
The software has been slightly modified to take advantage of the new version of the Time2 Library, t2 2.0.0.
The essential modification is that a new configuration variable
timedomaincatalog
can be set to name a class providing a
non-default time domain catalog. The variable is read by
DatabaseConfiguration
and the catalog is injected into the
Database
constructor by DatabaseFactory
.
The release consists of three JARs:
crnickl-2.0.0.jar
(binaries)crnickl-2.0.0-javadoc.jar
crnickl-2.0.0-sources.jar
There is also a new version of the JDBC Implementation of CrNiCKL:
crnickl-jdbc-2.0.0.jar
(binaries)crnickl-jdbc-2.0.0-javadoc.jar
crnickl-jdbc-2.0.0-sources.jar
There is also a new version of the MongoDB Implementation of CrNiCKL:
crnickl-mongodb-2.0.0.jar
(binaries)crnickl-mongodb-2.0.0-javadoc.jar
crnickl-mongodb-2.0.0-sources.jar
The following changes have been made to the API:
Database
has a new method getTimeDomainCatalog
.
Some constructors of SimpleDatabaseManager
have a new parameter giving
the name of a class providing the time domain catalog.
The constructor of DatabaseConfiguration
has a new parameter giving
the name of a class providing the time domain catalog. The class has also
a new method getTimeDomainCatalog
.
The release also includes a few non-API changes and fixes.
This backward compatible release adds a new Database
method makeSurrogate()
which returns a Surrogate
for a string. It was always possible to create such
strings using a surrogate's toString()
method, but going the other way
required making assumptions and using non-API methods.
Related code modifications have been made in package ch/agent/crnickl/impl
but they do not affect client code directly.
Related software
Modifications have been made to JUnit tests in crnickl-test-1.1.0.jar
to
address issues related to Java 7.
Dependencies on crnickl
and crnickl-test
have been upgraded in the
following new releases: crnickl-demo-1.1.5.jar
, crnickl-jdbc-1.1.4.jar
and
crnickl-mongodb-1.0.1.jar
.
This is a refactoring release which behaves like the previous version and is plug-compatible for client applications, except in one trivial case mentionned below. The primary goal of this refactoring is to optimize code reuse between SQL and NoSQL drivers (currently crnickl-jdbc and crnickl-mongodb). The release also includes bug and documentation fixes.
The administrative information included in files is now limited to a copyright notice. Version tags have been removed from all files, because their maintenance cost greatly exceeds their value. Complete file history is available from the SCM (git).
Compared to version 1.1.2, the java code in the following files has been modified:
isErasing()
pulled up isErasing()
pulled up, and consolidate()
deprecatedisErasing()
pulled up isBuiltIn()
deprecatedMany more code modifications have been made in package ch/agent/crnickl/impl but are not listed here since they do not affect client code directly. In addition, various non-code modifications (documentation and administrative information) have been performed on all source files.
Related software
There is a new version of the CrNiCKL Demo, crnickl-demo 1.1.4
,
a new version of the CrNiCKL JDBC driver, crnickl-jdbc 1.1.3
,
and a new CrNiCKL MongoDB driver, crnickl-mongodb 1.0.0
.
This is a maintenance release which behaves exactly like the previous version and is plug-compatible for applications. The POM file has been modified to agree with requirements for deployment to the central maven repository.
The release consists of three JARs:
crnickl-1.1.2.jar
(binaries)crnickl-1.1.2-javadoc.jar
crnickl-1.1.2-sources.jar
There is also a new version of the JDBC Implementation of CrNiCKL:
crnickl-jdbc-1.1.2.jar
(binaries)crnickl-jdbc-1.1.2-javadoc.jar
crnickl-jdbc-1.1.2-sources.jar
Likewise, there is a new version of the CrNiCKL Demos:
crnickl-demo-1.1.3.jar
(binaries)crnickl-demo-1.1.3-javadoc.jar
crnickl-demo-1.1.3-sources.jar
This is a maintenance release which behaves exactly like the previous version and is plug-compatible for applications. The organization of source files has been modified to agree with the standard recommended by Apache Maven.
The release consists of two JARs:
crnickl-1.1.1.jar
(binaries)crnickl-1.1.1-sources.jar
(sources only)It was necessary to increment version numbers because the JAR checksums
are different, due to small differences related to builders. Another
change is in the name of the source JAR. The suffix has been modified and
is now -sources.jar
. Previously it was .source.jar
.
There is also a new version of the JDBC Implementation of CrNiCKL:
crnickl-jdbc-1.1.1.jar
(binaries)crnickl-jdbc-1.1.1-sources.jar
(sources only)Likewise, there is a new version of the CrNiCKL Demos:
crnickl-demo-1.1.2.jar
(binaries)crnickl-demo-1.1.2-sources.jar
(sources only)All methods named "delete" have been renamed because delete is a reserved word in JavaScript. Parameterless methods have been renamed "destroy". Methods with a parameter Foo have in most cases been renamed "deleteFoo". Version numbers of classes have been increased: from 1.0.0 to 1.1.0 when defining renamed methods, and from 1.0.0 to 1.0.1 when only referencing them.
The release consists of the following archives:
crnickl-1.1.0.jar
(core system binaries)crnickl-jdbc-1.1.0.jar
(core system + JDBC implementation binaries)crnickl-jdbc-1.1.0.source.jar
(sources only)The versions are available as tags on GitHub.
CrNiCKL (pronounced chronicle
),
a Java database for time series, is released on the web
at http://agent.ch/timeseries/crnickl/.
The release consists of the following archives:
crnickl-1.0.0.jar
(core system binaries)crnickl-jdbc-1.0.0.jar
(core system + JDBC implementation binaries)crnickl-jdbc-1.0.0.source.jar
(sources only)The first archive (core system binaries) is for use by systems with their own implementation of the lower database layer, for example NoSQL implementations. The second is a ready to use JDBC implementation packaged together with the core system. The third contains only sources.
An accompanying demo has been released.
Note. CrNiCKL is a relaunch under a new name of ChronoDB. The software is the same, except that all package names have changed. ChronoDB will remain accessible for a while at http://agent.ch/timeseries/chronodb/ but will not be updated.


THE BREAKFAST CLUB
A Film Review by James Berardinelli
RATING: *** OUT OF ****
United States, 1985 Running Length: 1:37 MPAA Classification: R (Profanity, mature themes) Theatrical Aspect Ratio: 1.85:1
Cast: Emilio Estevez, Anthony Michael Hall, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald, Ally Sheedy, Paul Gleason, John Kapelos Director: John Hughes Producers: John Hughes, Ned Tanen Screenplay: John Hughes Cinematography: Thomas Del Ruth U.S. Distributor: Universal Pictures
When it comes to movies, there are two things that the early-to- mid-1980s are best known for: slasher films and teen comedies. While the former category was hard-pressed to give birth to a vaguely watchable entry, quality was widely variable in the latter, spanning the spectrum from the dregs of PORKY's to the top-notch entertainment of FAST TIMES AT RIDGEMONT HIGH. One of the most consistent writer/directors to contribute to the '80s teen fad was John Hughes (the man who would later scale the heights of box-office prosperity with HOME ALONE). In one way or another, Hughes was responsible for the likes of SIXTEEN CANDLES, PRETTY IN PINK, SOME KIND OF WONDERFUL, FERRIS BUELLER'S DAY OFF, and THE BREAKFAST CLUB. While all of those films were a cut above the sex and booze-drenched antics of most teen comedies, THE BREAKFAST CLUB was arguably the most insightful and emotionally-true of them.
THE BREAKFAST CLUB is very different from almost every other entry into what was (at the time) a burgeoning genre. Instead of relying on the staples of bare flesh, crass humor, and brainless plots, this movie focuses on five dissimilar characters, is almost entirely dialogue- driven, and doesn't offer even a glimpse of a breast or buttock. It's a story about communication gaps, teen isolation, and the angst that everyone (regardless of how self-assured they seem) experiences during the years that function as a transition from the freedom of adolescence to the responsibilities of adulthood.
Even though the premise sounds a little dry, THE BREAKFAST CLUB is eminently watchable and consistently entertaining, even when it falters. Perhaps aware that his primary audience would be the 14-to-18 year-old crowd, Hughes added several surreal and silly sequences to interrupt the predominantly serious tone that suffuses the proceedings. These don't really work, but the shift in tone isn't sufficiently glaring to disturb the movie's overall flow.
The Breakfast Club is a small group of high school students, who, during the course of a nine-hour Saturday detention, are transformed from complete strangers to confidantes. For each of them, it is an unforgettable day, and, while the friendships they form between 7 am and 4 pm may disintegrate once they get back into the real world, feelings are explored and emotions unearthed that give them insights into their own lives and the forces that drive the others. These are the kinds of realizations which, if more high school students understood them, might make grades nine through twelve a little less traumatic.
The characters trapped in detention are all very different individuals. Hughes sets them up as traditional stereotypes, then delights in slowly peeling back the layers, showing how each suffers from surprisingly similar problems. There's the jock, wrestling star Andrew Clark (Emilio Estevez); the most popular girl in school, Claire Standish (Molly Ringwald); the all-brains, no-brawn geek, Brian Johnson (Anthony Michael Hall); the rebel without a cause, John Bender (Judd Nelson); and the outcast, Allison Reynolds (Ally Sheedy). It turns out that none of them communicates well with their parents, all are under tremendous pressure from their peers, and each is beset by angst about the future. Pretty obvious observations, right? Yet few films before or after have dealt with these issues as intelligently as THE BREAKFAST CLUB.
 This is evident in several ways, from the obvious (a nasty teacher, played by Paul Gleason, who revels in his power) to the subtle (the children dreading the possibility that they might grow up to become like their parents). The over-25 crowd rarely fares well in Hughes movies, and this is no exception, but there is a scene in THE BREAKFAST CLUB which attempts (with limited success) to partially humanize The Authority Figure.
Hughes has assembled a unique and singularly effective cast. Emilio Estevez, although a little too old to play a high school teenager (he was 22 at the time of filming), does a good job presenting the human side of the athlete on a pedestal.  Molly Ringwald, the star of three Hughes films (the other two being SIXTEEN CANDLES and PRETTY IN PINK), gives the strongest performance by showing the ugly, shallow side of being Ms. Popularity.  Anthony Michael Hall looks the part of the geek, but, of the five lead actors, his is the least impressive portrayal; Brian has trouble escaping from the stereotypical sinkhole in which he begins the movie.
Few will argue that THE BREAKFAST CLUB is a great film, but it has a candor that is unexpected and refreshing in a sea of too-often generic teen-themed films. The material is a little talky (albeit not in a way that will cause anyone to confuse it with something by Eric Rohmer), but it's hard not to be drawn into the world of these characters. The depiction of high school is evocative because it's so accurate (an actual suburban Illinois high school was used as the filming location). Unlike many teen films, which seem to transpire in some kid's dirty imagination, this picture, despite its occasional flights of fancy, is grounded in reality. In THE BREAKFAST CLUB, Hughes has created a surprisingly enduring motion picture that is still effective 13 years after its theatrical debut.
Copyright 1998 James Berardinelli
- James Berardinelli e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Now with more than 1400 reviews... The ReelViews web site: http://movie-reviews.colossus.net/
"My belief is that no movie, nothing in life, leaves people neutral.
-- David Puttnam
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Welcome to MapAbility! MapAbility is an innovative, feasible to implement, and easy-to-use web application allowing users to search, record, and discuss regarding the accessibility of certain locales for persons with disabilities (PwD). Interested in finding accessible locations or working with a community of changemakers to bring reform -- check out MapAbility!


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It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
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It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
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Git & GitHub
Getting Started Workshop
originally by Gwen Lofman
modified by Greg Willard
Follow along with the slides at
polyhacks17.github.io/github-workshop
Shortened link: goo.gl/53L48V
Scope
- up and running with
git
git
as a standalone usergit
as a participant
Command Syntax
command subcommand -o --option
Navigating the file system
cd
- change directoryls
- list files & directoriesmkdir
- make directory
What is git
?
This is an example of bad version control.
This is an example of good version control.
Up and Running
Installation
Linux usually comes with git
installed
Linux
(Ubuntu/Debian)
Getting Help
git help
or documentation at git-scm.com/doc
You can get help for individual commands withgit help [command]
Git also has an extensive manual withman git
Configuration
git
needs to know who you are.
Why does git
need my name?
Git associates every change with a name and email so you can tell who changed what.
Using git
as a standalone developer
A mental model for staging
You don't want to make a commitment until everything is ready.

A git repository is a directory on your computer.
Your .git
folder holds the internals of git.
git status
shows the status of your repository.
git status
gives suggestions about what to do next.
git diff
shows untracked changes inside your files
git add
stages changes
Stage relevant changes together
git add -p
lets you add parts of a file.
git reset HEAD --
unstages changes
git commit
adds a change to the history
Apply all of your staged changes. esc :x
leaves the editor.
git commit
takes a message that describes the patch. Writing a good message is key:
- Write in present imperative, for example:
Add README.md to describe project
Implement improved error handling, fixes #13
- Think of commit messages like emails
- Describe not just what, but why
git log
shows your past changes.
git revert
undoes changes
Using git
as a participant
git
is distrubuted version control.
Different participants in a project can share changes between each-other
git branch
lets you work on changes in isolation
One feature to rule them all!
A mental model for branches
Like a branch on a family tree.
NOTE: checking out a branch changes the files in your repository.
git stash
let's you save changes for later
To bring changes back from your stash: git stash apply
Manipulating Branches
How do I get changes from one branch to another?
git merge
git rebase
This is typically what happens with a git merge.
A mental model for merging
Integrate changes
Sometimes git can fast-forward
Now to the GitHub part!
Let's get interactive!
Sign up at GitHub.com/join


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{title:'@Swap Annotation', updated:'8.0.0,9.0.0'}
{@link oaj.annotation.Swap @Swap} can be used to associate a swap class using an
annotation.
This is often cleaner than using the builder
|
Multiple swaps can be associated with a class using multiple {@link oaj.annotation.Swap @Swap} annotations:
|
|
The
|
When applied to bean properties, the swap annotation need only be applied to either the getter, setter, or field.
The swap annotation can also be applied to the private field of a bean property, like so:
|


Outside Resources
Unit 1
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Unit 2
Unit 3


Don't just drift through javascript
Understand how javascript works
Start your journey through the bumpy side of javascript


Contact Rest Api with Node.js and MongoDB
by Jake Wilson
Add New Contact
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index
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up
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prev
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next
ClassTypeSymbolFlags Enumeration
Definition at line
42
of
ClassTypeSymbol.hpp
Enumerators
Name
Value
none
0
abstract_
1 << 0
polymorphic
1 << 1
vmtInitialized
1 << 2
imtsInitialized
1 << 3
layoutsComputed
1 << 4
vmtObjectCreated
1 << 5
staticObjectCreated
1 << 6
statementsNotBound
1 << 7
index
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Suppose you find yourself in control of both ends of the wire: you have two programs that need to talk to each other, and you get to use any protocol you want. If you can think of your problem in terms of objects that need to make method calls on each other, then chances are good that you can use the Foolscap protocol rather than trying to shoehorn your needs into something like HTTP, or implementing yet another RPC mechanism.
Foolscap is based upon a few central concepts:
RemoteReference
,
and you do somethingby running its
.callRemote
method.
The distant object is called a Referenceable
, and it has methods like
remote_foo
that will be invoked.Foolscap is the descendant of Perspective Broker (which lived in the twisted.spread package). For many years it was known as "newpb". A lot of the API still has the name "PB" in it somewhere. These will probably go away sooner or later.
A "foolscap" is a size of paper, probably measuring 17 by 13.5 inches. A twisted foolscap of paper makes a good fool's cap. Also, "cap" makes me think of capabilities, and Foolscap is a protocol to implement a distributed object-capabilities model in python.
Any Foolscap application has at least two sides: one which hosts a remotely-callable object, and another which calls (remotely) the methods of that object. We'll start with a simple example that demonstrates both ends. Later, we'll add more features like RemoteInterface declarations, and transferring object references.
The most common way to make an object with remotely-callable methods is to
subclass Referenceable
. Let's create a simple
server which does basic arithmetic. You might use such a service to perform
difficult mathematical operations, like addition, on a remote machine which
is faster and more capable than your ownalthough
really, if your client machine is too slow to perform this kind of math, it
is probably too slow to run python or use a network, so you should seriously
consider a hardware upgrade.
from foolscap.api import Referenceable class MathServer(Referenceable): def remote_add(self, a, b): return a+b def remote_subtract(self, a, b): return a-b def remote_sum(self, args): total = 0 for a in args: total += a return total myserver = MathServer()
On the other end of the wire (which you might call the client
side), the code will have a RemoteReference
to this object. The
RemoteReference
has a method named callRemote
which you
will use to invoke the method. It always returns a Deferred, which will fire
with the result of the method. Assuming you've already acquired the
RemoteReference
, you would invoke the method like this:
def gotAnswer(result): print "result is", result def gotError(err): print "error:", err d = remote.callRemote("add", 1, 2) d.addCallbacks(gotAnswer, gotError)
Ok, now how do you acquire that RemoteReference
? How do you
make the Referenceable
available to the outside world? For this,
we'll need to discuss the Tub
, and the concept of a FURL
.
The Tub
is the container that
you use to publish Referenceable
s, and is the middle-man you use
to access Referenceable
s on other systems. It is known as the
Tub
, since it provides similar naming and identification properties as
the E language's Vat
but they do not provide quite the same insulation against
other objects as E's Vats do. In this sense, Tubs are leaky Vats.. If
you want to make a Referenceable
available to the world, you
create a Tub, tell it to listen on a TCP port, and then register the
Referenceable
with it under a name of your choosing. If you want
to access a remote Referenceable
, you create a Tub and ask it to
acquire a RemoteReference
using that same name.
The Tub
is a Twisted Service
subclass, so you use it in
the same way: once you've created one, you attach it to a parent Service or
Application object. Once the top-level Application object has been started,
the Tub will start listening on any network ports you've requested. When the
Tub is shut down, it will stop listening and drop any connections it had
established since last startup. If you have no parent to attach it to, you
can use startService
and stopService
on the Tub
directly.
Note that no network activity will occur until the Tub's
startService
method has been called. This means that any
getReference
or connectTo
requests that occur
before the Tub is started will be deferred until startup. If the program
forgets to start the Tub, these requests will never be serviced. A message to
this effect is added to the twistd.log file to help developers discover this
kind of problem.
To make any of your Referenceable
s available, you must make
your Tub available. There are three parts: give it an identity, have it
listen on a port, and tell it the protocol/hostname/portnumber at which that
port is accessibly to the outside world.
In general, the Tub will generate its own identity, the TubID, by
creating an SSL public key certificate and hashing it into a suitably-long
random-looking string. This is the primary identifier of the Tub: everything
else is just a location hint that suggests how the Tub might be
reached. The fact that the TubID is tied to the public key allows FURLs to
be secure
references (meaning that no third party can cause you to
connect to the wrong reference). You can also create a Tub with a
pre-existing certificate, which is how Tubs can retain a persistent identity
over multiple executions.
You can also create an UnauthenticatedTub
, which has an empty
TubID. Hosting and connecting to unauthenticated Tubs do not require the
pyOpenSSL library, but do not provide privacy, authentication, connection
redirection, or shared listening ports. The FURLs that point to
unauthenticated Tubs have a distinct form (starting with pbu:
instead of pb:
) to make sure they are not mistaken for
authenticated Tubs. Foolscap uses authenticated Tubs by default.
Having the Tub listen on a TCP port is as simple as calling listenOn
with a strports
-formatted port specification
string. The simplest such string would be tcp:12345
, to listen on port
12345 on all interfaces. Using tcp:12345:interface=<IP_ADDRESS>
would
cause it to only listen on the localhost interface, making it available only
to other processes on the same host. The strports
module
provides many other possibilities.
The Tub needs to be told how it can be reached, so it knows what host and
port to put into the FURLs it creates. This location is simply a string in
the format host:port
, using the host name by which that TCP port
you've just opened can be reached. Foolscap cannot, in general, guess what
this name is, especially if there are NAT boxes or port-forwarding devices in
the way. If your machine is reachable directly over the internet as
myhost.example.com
, then you could use something like this:
from foolscap.api import Tub tub = Tub() tub.listenOn("tcp:12345") # start listening on TCP port 12345 tub.setLocation("myhost.example.com:12345")
Once the Tub has a Listener and a location, you can publish your
Referenceable
to the entire world by picking a name and
registering it:
furl = tub.registerReference(myserver, "math-service")
This returns the FURL
for your Referenceable
. Remote
systems will use this FURL to access your newly-published object. The
registration just maps a per-Tub name to the Referenceable
:
technically the same Referenceable
could be published multiple
times, under different names, or even be published by multiple Tubs in the
same application. But in general, each program will have exactly one Tub, and
each object will be registered under only one name.
In this example (if we pretend the generated TubID was ABCD
), the
FURL returned by registerReference
would be
"pb://ABCD@myhost.example.com:12345/math-service"
.
If you do not provide a name, a random (and unguessable) name will be
generated for you. This is useful when you want to give access to your
Referenceable
to someone specific, but do not want to make it
possible for someone else to acquire it by guessing the name.
To use an unauthenticated Tub instead, you would do the following:
from foolscap.api import UnauthenticatedTub tub = UnauthenticatedTub() tub.listenOn("tcp:12345") # start listening on TCP port 12345 tub.setLocation("myhost.example.com:12345") furl = tub.registerReference(myserver, "math-service")
In this case, the FURL would be
"pbu://myhost.example.com:12345/math-service"
. The deterministic
nature of this form makes it slightly easier to throw together
quick-and-dirty Foolscap applications, since you only need to hard-code the
target host and port into the client side program. However any serious
application should just used the default authenticated form and use a full
FURL as their starting point. Note that the FURL can come from anywhere:
typed in by the user, retrieved from a web page, or hardcoded into the
application.
The Tub uses a TLS public-key certificate as the base of all its cryptographic operations. If you don't give it one when you create the Tub, it will generate a brand-new one.
The TubID is simply the hash of this certificate, so if you are writing an
application that should have a stable long-term identity, you will need to
insure that the Tub uses the same certificate every time your app starts. The
easiest way to do this is to pass the certFile=
argument into
your Tub()
constructor call. This argument provides a filename
where you want the Tub to store its certificate. The first time the Tub is
started (when this file does not exist), the Tub will generate a new
certificate and store it here. On subsequent invocations, the Tub will read
the earlier certificate from this location. Make sure this filename points to
a writable location, and that you pass the same filename to
Tub()
each time.
It is often useful to insure that a given Referenceable's FURL is both
unguessable and stable, remaining the same from one invocation of the program
that hosts it to the next. One (bad) way to do this is to have the programmer
choose an unguessable name, embed it in the program, and pass it into
registerReference
each time the program runs, but of course this
means that the name will be visible to anyone who sees the source code for
the program, and the same name will be used by all copies of the program
everywhere.
A better approach is to use the furlFile=
argument. This
argument provides a filename that is used to hold the stable FURL for this
object. If the furlfile exists when registerReference
is called,
the Tub will use the name inside it when constructing the new FURL. If it
doesn't exist, it will create a new (unguessable) name. The new FURL will
always be written into the furlfile afterwards. In addition, the tubid in the
old FURL will be checked against the current Tub's tubid to make sure it
matches. (this means that if you use furlFile=, you should also use the
certFile= argument when constructing the Tub).
On the client
side, you also need to create a Tub, although you
don't need to perform the (listenOn
, setLocation
,
registerReference
) sequence unless you are also publishing
Referenceable
s to the world. To acquire a reference to somebody
else's object, just use getReference
:
from foolscap.api import Tub tub = Tub() tub.startService() d = tub.getReference("pb://ABCD@myhost.example.com:12345/math-service") def gotReference(remote): print "Got the RemoteReference:", remote def gotError(err): print "error:", err d.addCallbacks(gotReference, gotError)
getReference
returns a Deferred which will fire with a
RemoteReference
that is connected to the remote
Referenceable
named by the FURL. It will use an existing
connection, if one is available, and it will return an existing
RemoteReference
, it one has already been acquired.
Since getReference
requests are queued until the Tub starts,
the following will work too. But don't forget to call
tub.startService()
eventually, otherwise your program will hang
forever.
from foolscap.api import Tub tub = Tub() d = tub.getReference("pb://ABCD@myhost.example.com:12345/math-service") def gotReference(remote): print "Got the RemoteReference:", remote def gotError(err): print "error:", err d.addCallbacks(gotReference, gotError) tub.startService()
Here are two programs, one implementing the server side of our
remote-addition protocol, the other behaving as a client. This first example
uses an unauthenticated Tub so you don't have to manually copy a FURL from
the server to the client. Both of these are standalone programs (you just run
them), but normally you would create an Application
object and pass the
file to twistd -noy
. An example of that usage will be provided
later.
% doc/listings/pb1server.py the object is available at: pbu://localhost:12345/math-service
% doc/listings/pb1client.py got a RemoteReference asking it to add 1+2 the answer is 3 %
The second example uses authenticated Tubs. When running this example, you must copy the FURL printed by the server and provide it as an argument to the client.
pb2server.py pb2client.py% doc/listings/pb2server.py the object is available at: pb://abcd123@localhost:12345/math-service
% doc/listings/pb2client.py pb://abcd123@localhost:12345/math-service got a RemoteReference asking it to add 1+2 the answer is 3 %
In Foolscap, each world-accessible Referenceable has one or more FURLs
which are secure
, where we use the capability-security definition of
the term, meaning those FURLs have the following properties:
tub.getReference(url)
call succeeds, the Referenceable you
will be connected to will be the right one.To accomplish the first goal, FURLs must be unguessable. You can register
the reference with a human-readable name if your intention is to make it
available to the world, but in general you will let
tub.registerReference
generate a random name for you, preserving
the unguessability property.
To accomplish the second goal, the cryptographically-secure TubID is used
as the primary identifier, and the location hints
are just that:
hints. If DNS has been subverted to point the hostname at a different
machine, or if a man-in-the-middle attack causes you to connect to the wrong
box, the TubID will not match the remote end, and the connection will be
dropped. These attacks can cause a denial-of-service, but they cannot cause
you to mistakenly connect to the wrong target.
Obviously this second property only holds if you use SSL. If you choose to use unauthenticated Tubs, all security properties are lost.
The format of a FURL, like
pb://abcd123@example.com:5901,backup.example.com:8800/math-server
,
is as followsnote that the FURL uses the same format
as an HTTPSY
URL:
pb://
@
signlocation hints. Each is one of the following:
HOSTNAME:PORTNUM
A.B.C.D:PORTNUM
tcp6:HOSTNAME:PORTNUM
?tcp6:[X:Y::Z]:PORTNUM
redirect, which will cause the client to insert the provided redirect targets into the hint list and start trying them before continuing with the original list.
/
character(Unix-domain sockets are represented with only a single location hint, in
the format pb://ABCD@unix/path/to/socket/NAME
, but this needs
some work)
FURLs for unauthenticated Tubs, like
pbu://example.com:8700/math-server
, are formatted as
follows:
pbu://
/
characterIt is worthwhile to point out that Foolscap is a symmetric protocol.
Referenceable
instances can live on either side of a wire, and
the only difference between client
and server
is who publishes
the object and who initiates the network connection.
In any Foolscap-using system, the very first object exchanged must be
acquired with a tub.getReference(url)
callin fact, the very very first object exchanged is a
special implicit RemoteReference to the remote Tub itself, which implements
an internal protocol that includes a method named
remote_getReference
. The tub.getReference(url)
call
is turned into one step that connects to the remote Tub, and a second step
which invokes remotetub.callRemote("getReference", refname) on the
result, which means it must have been published with a call to
tub.registerReference(ref, name)
. After that, other objects can
be passed as an argument to (or a return value from) a remotely-invoked
method of that first object. Any suitable Referenceable
object
that is passed over the wire will appear on the other side as a corresponding
RemoteReference
. It is not necessary to
registerReference
something to let it pass over the wire.
The converse of this property is thus: if you do not
registerReference
a particular Referenceable
, and
you do not give it to anyone else (by passing it in an argument to
somebody's remote method, or return it from one of your own), then nobody
else will be able to get access to that Referenceable
. This
property means the Referenceable
is a capability
, as
holding a corresponding RemoteReference
gives someone a power
that they cannot acquire in any other wayof course,
the Foolscap connections must be secured with SSL (otherwise an eavesdropper
or man-in-the-middle could get access), and the registered name must be
unguessable (or someone else could acquire a reference), but both of these
are the default.
In the following example, the first program creates an RPN-style
Calculator
object which responds to push
, pop
,
add
, and subtract
messages from the user. The user can also
register an Observer
, to which the Calculator sends an
event
message each time something happens to the calculator's
state. When you consider the Calculator
object, the first
program is the server and the second program is the client. When you think
about the Observer
object, the first program is a client and the
second program is the server. It also happens that the first program is
listening on a socket, while the second program initiated a network
connection to the first. It also happens that the first program
published an object under some well-known name, while the second program has
not published any objects. These are all independent properties.
Also note that the Calculator side of the example is implemented using a
Application
object, which is the way you'd normally build a real-world application. You
therefore use twistd
to launch the program. The User side is
written with the same reactor.run()
style as the earlier
example.
The server registers the Calculator instance and prints the FURL at which it is listening. You need to pass this FURL to the client program so it knows how to contact the server. If you have a modern version of Twisted (2.5 or later) and the right encryption libraries installed, you'll get an authenticated Tub (for which the FURL will start with "pb:" and will be fairly long). If you don't, you'll get an unauthenticated Tub (with a relatively short FURL that starts with "pbu:").
pb3calculator.py pb3user.py% twistd -noy doc/listings/pb3calculator.py 15:46 PDT [-] Log opened. 15:46 PDT [-] twistd 2.4.0 (/usr/bin/python 2.4.4) starting up 15:46 PDT [-] reactor class: twisted.internet.selectreactor.SelectReactor 15:46 PDT [-] Loading doc/listings/pb3calculator.py... 15:46 PDT [-] the object is available at: pb://5ojw4cv4u4d5cenxxekjukrogzytnhop@localhost:12345/calculator 15:46 PDT [-] Loaded. 15:46 PDT [-] foolscap.pb.Listener starting on 12345 15:46 PDT [-] Starting factory <Listener at 0x4869c0f4 on tcp:12345 with tubs None>
% doc/listings/pb3user.py \ pb://5ojw4cv4u4d5cenxxekjukrogzytnhop@localhost:12345/calculator event: push(2) event: push(3) event: add event: pop the result is 5 %
As you've probably already guessed, all the methods with names that begin
with remote_
will be available to anyone who manages to acquire
a corresponding RemoteReference
. remote_foo
matches
a ref.callRemote("foo")
, etc. This name lookup can be changed by
overriding Referenceable
(or, perhaps more usefully,
implementing an IRemotelyCallable
adapter).
The arguments of a remote method may be passed as either positional
parameters (foo(1,2)
), or as keyword args
(foo(a=1,b=2)
), or a mixture of both. The usual python rules
about not duplicating parameters apply.
You can pass all sorts of normal objects to a remote method: strings,
numbers, tuples, lists, and dictionaries. The serialization of these objects
is handled by Banana, which knows
how to convey arbitrary object graphs over the wire. Things like containers
which contain multiple references to the same object, and recursive
references (cycles in the object graph) are all handled correctlyyou may not want to accept shared objects in your method
arguments, as it could lead to surprising behavior depending upon how you
have written your method. The Shared
constraint will let you express this,
and is described in the Constraints section of
this document.
Passing instances is handled specially. Foolscap will not send anything
over the wire that it does not know how to serialize, and (unlike the
standard pickle
module) it will not make assumptions about how
to handle classes that that have not been explicitly marked as serializable.
This is for security, both for the sender (making sure you don't pass anything
over the wire that you didn't intend to let out of your security perimeter),
and for the recipient (making sure outsiders aren't allowed to create
arbitrary instances inside your memory space, and therefore letting them run
somewhat arbitrary code inside your perimeter).
Sending Referenceable
s is straightforward: they always appear
as a corresponding RemoteReference
on the other side. You can
send the same Referenceable
as many times as you like, and it
will always show up as the same RemoteReference
instance. A
distributed reference count is maintained, so as long as the remote side
hasn't forgotten about the RemoteReference
, the original
Referenceable
will be kept alive.
Sending RemoteReference
s fall into two categories. If you are
sending a RemoteReference
back to the Tub that you got it from,
they will see their original Referenceable
. If you send it to
some other Tub, they will (eventually) see a RemoteReference
of
their own. This last feature is called an introduction
, and has a few
additional requirements: see the Introductions
section of this document for details.
Sending instances of other classes requires that you tell Banana how they
should be serialized. Referenceable
is good for
copy-by-reference semanticsIn fact, if all you want is
referenceability (and not callability), you can use OnlyReferenceable
. Strictly speaking,
Referenceable
is both Referenceable
(meaning it is sent
over the wire using pass-by-reference semantics, and it survives a round
trip) and Callable
(meaning you can invoke remote methods on it).
Referenceable
should really be named Callable
, but
the existing name has a lot of historical weight behind it.. For
copy-by-value semantics, the easiest route is to subclass Copyable
. See the Copyable section for details. Note that you can also
register an ICopyable
adapter on third-party classes to avoid subclassing. You will need to
register the Copyable
's name on the receiving end too, otherwise
Banana will not know how to unserialize the incoming data stream.
When returning a value from a remote method, you can do all these things,
plus two more. If you raise an exception, the caller's Deferred will have the
errback fired instead of the callback, with a CopiedFailure
instance that describes what went
wrong. The CopiedFailure
is not quite as useful as a
local Failure
object
would be: see failures.xhtml for details.
The other alternative is for your method to return a Deferred
. If this happens, the caller
will not actually get a response until you fire that Deferred. This is useful
when the remote operation being requested cannot complete right away.  If your Deferred is errbacked, their Deferred will be
errbacked with a CopiedFailure
.
One major feature introduced by Foolscap (relative to oldpb) is the
serialization Constraint
.
This lets you place limits on what kind of data you are willing to accept,
which enables safer distributed programming. Typically python uses duck
typing
, wherein you usually just throw some arguments at the method and
see what happens. When you are less sure of the origin of those arguments,
you may want to be more circumspect. Enforcing type checking at the boundary
between your code and the outside world may make it safer to use duck typing
inside those boundaries. The type specifications also form a convenient
remote API reference you can publish for prospective clients of your
remotely-invokable service.
In addition, these Constraints are enforced on each token as it arrives over the wire. This means that you can calculate a (small) upper bound on how much received data your program will store before it decides to hang up on the violator, minimizing your exposure to DoS attacks that involve sending random junk at you.
There are three pieces you need to know about: Tokens, Constraints, and RemoteInterfaces.
The fundamental unit of serialization is the Banana Token. These are thoroughly documented in the Banana Specification, but what you need to know here is that each piece of non-container data, like a string or a number, is represented by a single token. Containers (like lists and dictionaries) are represented by a special OPEN token, followed by tokens for everything that is in the container, followed by the CLOSE token. Everything Banana does is in terms of these nested OPEN/stuff/stuff/CLOSE sequences of tokens.
Each token consists of a header, a type byte, and an optional body. The header is always a base-128 number with a maximum of 64 digits, and the type byte is always a single byte. The length of the body (if present) is indicated by the number encoded in the header.
The length-first token format means that the receiving system never has to accept more than 65 bytes before it knows the type and size of the token, at which point it can make a decision about accepting or rejecting the rest of it.
The schema foolscap.schema
module has a variety of Constraint
classes that can be
applied to incoming data. Most of them correspond to typical Python types,
e.g. ListOf
matches a list,
with a certain maximum length, and a child Constraint
that gets
applied to the contents of the list. You can nest Constraint
s in
this way to describe the shape
of the object graph that you are
willing to accept.
At any given time, the receiving Banana protocol has a single
Constraint
object that it enforces against the inbound data
streamto be precise, each Unslicer
on the
receive stack has a Constraint
, and the idea is that all of them
get to pass judgement on the inbound token. A useful syntax to describe this
sort of thing is still being worked out..
The RemoteInterface
is how you describe
your constraints. You can provide a constraint for each argument of each
method, as well as one for the return value. You can also specify additional
flags on the methods. The convention (which is actually enforced by the code)
is to name RemoteInterface
objects with an RI
prefix,
like RIFoo
.
RemoteInterfaces
are created and used a lot like the usual
zope.interface
-style Interface
. They look like
class definitions, inheriting from RemoteInterface
. For each
method, the default value of each argument is used to create a
Constraint
for that argument. Basic types (int
,
str
, bool
) are converted into a
Constraint
subclass (IntegerConstraint
, StringConstraint
, BooleanConstraint
). You can also use
instances of other Constraint
subclasses, like ListOf
and DictOf
. This Constraint
will be
enforced against the value for the given argument. Unless you specify
otherwise, remote callers must match all the Constraint
s you
specify, all arguments listed in the RemoteInterface must be present, and no
arguments outside that list will be accepted.
Note that, like zope.interface, these methods should not include
in their argument list. This is because you are
documenting how other people invoke your methods. self
self
is an implementation detail. RemoteInterface
will complain if
you forget.
The methods
in a RemoteInterface
should return a
single value with the same format as the default arguments: either a basic
type (int
, str
, etc) or a Constraint
subclass. This Constraint
is enforced on the return value of the
method. If you are calling a method in somebody else's process, the argument
constraints will be applied as a courtesy (be conservative in what you
send
), and the return value constraint will be applied to prevent the
server from doing evil things to you. If you are running a method on behalf
of a remote client, the argument constraints will be enforced to protect
you, while the return value constraint will be applied as a
courtesy.
Attempting to send a value that does not satisfy the Constraint will
result in a Violation
exception
being raised.
You can also specify methods by defining attributes of the same name in
the RemoteInterface
object. Each attribute value should be an
instance of RemoteMethodSchema
although technically it can be any object which implements
the IRemoteMethodConstraint
interface. This approach is more flexible: there are some constraints
that are not easy to express with the default-argument syntax, and this is
the only way to set per-method flags. Note that all such method-defining
attributes must be set in the RemoteInterface
body itself,
rather than being set on it after the fact (i.e. RIFoo.doBar =
stuff
). This is required because the RemoteInterface
metaclass magic processes all of these attributes only once, immediately
after the RemoteInterface
body has been evaluated.
The RemoteInterface
class
has a name. Normally this is
the (short) classnameRIFoo.__class__.__name__
, if
RemoteInterface
s were actually classes, which they're
not. You can override this
name by setting a special __remote_name__
attribute on the
RemoteInterface
(again, in the body). This name is important
because it is externally visible: all RemoteReference
s that
point at your Referenceable
s will remember the name of the
RemoteInterface
s it implements. This is what enables the
type-checking to be performed on both ends of the wire.
In the future, this ought to default to the fully-qualified
classname (like package.module.RIFoo
), so that two
RemoteInterfaces with the same name in different modules can co-exist. In the
current release, these two RemoteInterfaces will collide (and provoke an
import-time error message complaining about the duplicate name). As a result,
if you have such classes (e.g. foo.RIBar
and
baz.RIBar
), you must use __remote_name__
to
distinguish them (by naming one of them something other than
RIBar
to avoid this error.
Hopefully this will be improved in a future version, but it looks like a
difficult change to implement, so the standing recommendation is to use
__remote_name__
on all your RemoteInterfaces, and set it to a
suitably unique string (like a URI).
Here's an example:
from foolscap.api import RemoteInterface, schema class RIMath(RemoteInterface): __remote_name__ = "RIMath.using-foolscap.docs.foolscap.twistedmatrix.com" def add(a=int, b=int): return int # declare it with an attribute instead of a function definition subtract = schema.RemoteMethodSchema(a=int, b=int, _response=int) def sum(args=schema.ListOf(int)): return int
To declare that your Referenceable
responds to a particular
RemoteInterface
, use the normal implements()
annotation:
class MathServer(foolscap.Referenceable): implements(RIMath) def remote_add(self, a, b): return a+b def remote_subtract(self, a, b): return a-b def remote_sum(self, args): total = 0 for a in args: total += a return total
To enforce constraints everywhere, both sides will need to know about the
RemoteInterface
, and both must know it by the same name. It is a
good idea to put the RemoteInterface
in a common file that is
imported into the programs running on both sides. It is up to you to make
sure that both sides agree on the interface. Future versions of Foolscap may
implement some sort of checksum-verification or Interface-serialization as a
failsafe, but fundamentally the RemoteInterface
that
you are using defines what your program is prepared to
handle. There is no difference between an old client accidentally using a
different version of the RemoteInterface by mistake, and a malicious attacker
actively trying to confuse your code. The only promise that Foolscap can make
is that the constraints you provide in the RemoteInterface will be faithfully
applied to the incoming data stream, so that you don't need to do the type
checking yourself inside the method.
When making a remote method call, you use the RemoteInterface
to identify the method instead of a string. This scopes the method name to
the RemoteInterface:
d = remote.callRemote(RIMath["add"], a=1, b=2) # or d = remote.callRemote(RIMath["add"], 1, 2)
You can pass (nearly) arbitrary instances over the wire. Foolscap knows how to serialize all of Python's native data types already: numbers, strings, unicode strings, booleans, lists, tuples, dictionaries, sets, and the None object. You can teach it how to serialize instances of other types too. Foolscap will not serialize (or deserialize) any class that you haven't taught it about, both for security and because it refuses the temptation to guess your intentions about how these unknown classes ought to be serialized.
The simplest possible way to pass things by copy is demonstrated in the following code fragment:
from foolscap.api import Copyable, RemoteCopy class MyPassByCopy(Copyable, RemoteCopy): typeToCopy = copytype = "MyPassByCopy" def __init__(self): # RemoteCopy subclasses may not accept any __init__ arguments pass def setCopyableState(self, state): self.__dict__ = state
If the code on both sides of the wire import this class, then any
instances of MyPassByCopy
that are present in the arguments of a
remote method call (or returned as the result of a remote method call) will
be serialized and reconstituted into an equivalent instance on the other
side.
For more complicated things to do with pass-by-copy, see the documentation
on Copyable. This explains the difference between
Copyable
and RemoteCopy
, how to control the
serialization and deserialization process, and how to arrange for
serialization of third-party classes that are not subclasses of
Copyable
.
Another new feature of Foolscap is the ability to send
RemoteReference
s to third parties. The classic scenario for this
is illustrated by the three-party
Granovetter diagram. One party (Alice) has RemoteReferences to two other
objects named Bob and Carol. She wants to share her reference to Carol with
Bob, by including it in a message she sends to Bob (i.e. by using it as an
argument when she invokes one of Bob's remote methods). The Foolscap code for
doing this would look like:
bobref.callRemote("foo", intro=carolref)
When Bob receives this message (i.e. when his remote_foo
method is invoked), he will discover that he's holding a fully-functional
RemoteReference
to the object named Caroland if everyone involved is using authenticated Tubs, then
Foolscap offers a guarantee, in the cryptographic sense, that Bob will wind
up with a reference to the same object that Alice intended. The authenticated
FURLs prevent DNS-spoofing and man-in-the-middle attacks.. He can
start using this RemoteReference right away:
class Bob(foolscap.Referenceable): def remote_foo(self, intro): self.carol = intro carol.callRemote("howdy", msg="Pleased to meet you", you=intro) return carol
If Bob sends this RemoteReference
back to Alice, her method
will see the same RemoteReference
that she sent to Bob. In this
example, Bob sends the reference by returning it from the original
remote_foo
method call, but he could almost as easily send it in
a separate method call.
class Alice(foolscap.Referenceable): def start(self, carol): self.carol = carol d = self.bob.callRemote("foo", intro=carol) d.addCallback(self.didFoo) def didFoo(self, result): assert result is self.carol # this will be true
Moreover, if Bob sends it back to Carol (completing the
three-party round trip), Carol will see it as her original
Referenceable
.
class Carol(foolscap.Referenceable): def remote_howdy(self, msg, you): assert you is self # this will be true
In addition to this, in the four-party introduction sequence as used by
the Grant
Matcher Puzzle, when a Referenceable is sent to the same destination
through multiple paths, the recipient will receive the same
RemoteReference
object from both sides.
For a RemoteReference
to be transferrable to third-parties in
this fashion, the original Referenceable
must live in a Tub
which has a working listening port, and an established base FURL. It is not
necessary for the Referenceable to have been published with
registerReference
first: if it is sent over the wire before a
name has been associated with it, it will be registered under a new random
and unguessable name. The RemoteReference
will contain the
resulting FURL, enabling it to be sent to third parties.
When this introduction is made, the receiving system must establish a connection with the Tub that holds the original Referenceable, and acquire its own RemoteReference. These steps must take place before the remote method can be invoked, and other method calls might arrive before they do. All subsequent method calls are queued until the one that involved the introduction is performed. Foolscap guarantees (by default) that the messages sent to a given Referenceable will be delivered in the same order. In the future there may be options to relax this guarantee, in exchange for higher performance, reduced memory consumption, multiple priority queues, limited latency, or other features. There might even be an option to turn off introductions altogether.
Also note that enabling this capability means any of your communication peers can make you create TCP connections to hosts and port numbers of their choosing. The fact that those connections can only speak the Foolscap protocol may reduce the security risk presented, but it still lets other people be annoying.


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Trapper
This service will look at the Twitter accounts who have followed you within the past day and follow them back.


Experienced in PHP, Laravel, Vue.js, Node.js, HTML5/CSS3, Bootstrap, LESS/SASS, JQuery, JavaScript, SQL/NoSQL, Gulp/Webpack.
I know how important it is to develop myself and learn new technologies to provide clients with good results. My top priority is getting the project finished on time and with high quality code. I'm always to bring all my work to perfection.
His room, a proper human room although a little too small, lay peacefully between its four familiar walls.
His many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, waved about helplessly as he looked.
One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found transformed in his bed into.
His room, a proper human room although a little too small, lay peacefully between its four familiar walls.
His many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, waved about helplessly as he looked.
One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found transformed in his bed into.


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