Handling User Authentication with the MEAN Stack
This post provides a solution to the question, “How do I handle user authentication with the MEAN Stack - MongoDB, ExpressJS, AngularJS, and NodeJS?”.
Much of this post is ported from Handling User Authentication with Angular and Flask from Real Python.
Updates:
- 02/28/2016: Updated to the latest versions of NodeJS, ExpressJS, MongoDB, and AngularJS; added a section on persistent logins.
Keep in mind that this solution posed in this tutorial is not the only solution to the question at hand, and it may not even be the right solution for your situation. Regardless of the solution you implement, it is important to note that since end users have full control of the browser as well as access to the front-end code, sensitive data living in your server-side API must be secure. In other words, make certain that you implement an authentication strategy on the server-side to protect sensitive API endpoints.
That said, we need to enable the following workflow:
- When the client accesses the main route, an index page is served, at which point Angular takes over.
- The Angular app immediately “asks” the server if a user is logged in.
- Assuming the server indicates that a user is not logged in, the client is immediately asked to log in.
- Once logged in, the Angular app then tracks the user’s login status.
This tutorial uses NodeJS v4.3.1, ExpressJS v4.13.4, MongoDB v3.2.3, and AngularJS v1.4.9. For a full list of dependencies, please view the package.json file.
Contents
Getting Started
First, grab the boilerplate code from the project repo, install the requirements, and then test out the app:
$ npm start
Navigate to http://localhost:3000/ and you should see a simple welcome message - “Yo!”. Once you’re finished admiring the page, kill the server, and glance over the code within the project folder:
├── client
│ ├── index.html
│ ├── main.js
│ └── partials
│ └── home.html
├── package.json
└── server
├── app.js
├── models
│ └── user.js
├── routes
│ └── api.js
└── server.js
Nothing too spectacular. You can see that the back-end code resides in the “server” folder, while the front-end code lives in the “client” folder. Explore the files and folders within each.
Login API
Let’s start with the back-end API. This is already built out, for your convenience. Why? The focus of this tutorial is mainly on the client-side. If you’re looking for a back-end tutorial for setting up Passport with NodeJS, ExpressJS, and MongoDB take a look at this tutorial.
User Registration
Open the “routes” folder and locate the following code:
router.post('/register', function(req, res) {
User.register(new User({ username: req.body.username }),
req.body.password, function(err, account) {
if (err) {
return res.status(500).json({
err: err
});
}
passport.authenticate('local')(req, res, function () {
return res.status(200).json({
status: 'Registration successful!'
});
});
});
});
Here, we grab the values from the payload sent with the POST request (from the client-side), create a new User
instance, and then attempt to add the instance to the database. If this succeeds a user is added, of course, and then we return a JSON response with a status
of “success”. If it fails, an “error” response is sent.
Let’s test this via curl. Fire up the server, and then run the following command:
$ curl -H "Accept: application/json" -H \
"Content-type: application/json" -X POST \
-d '{"username"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>"password": "test"}' \
http://localhost:3000/user/register
You should see a success message:
{
"status": "Registration successful!"
}
Try it again, with the exact same username and password, and you should see an error:
{
"err": {
"name": "UserExistsError",
"message": "A user with the given username is already registered"
}
}
On to the login…
User Login
router.post('/login', function(req, res, next) {
passport.authenticate('local', function(err, user, info) {
if (err) {
return next(err);
}
if (!user) {
return res.status(401).json({
err: info
});
}
req.logIn(user, function(err) {
if (err) {
return res.status(500).json({
err: 'Could not log in user'
});
}
res.status(200).json({
status: 'Login successful!'
});
});
})(req, res, next);
});
This utilizes Passport’s local strategy to verify the username/email as well as the password. The appropriate response is then returned.

}
Test again with curl, sending the wrong password, and you should see:
{
"err": {
"name": "IncorrectPasswordError",
"message": "Password or username are incorrect"
}
}
Perfect!
User Logout
Finally, take a look at the logout:
router.get('/logout', function(req, res) {
req.logout();
res.status(200).json({
status: 'Bye!'
});
});
This should be straightforward, and you can probably guess what the response will look like - but let’s test it again to be sure:
$ curl -H "Accept: application/json" -H \
"Content-type: application/json" -X GET \
http://localhost:3000/user/logout
You should see:
{
"status": "Bye!"
}
On to the client-side!
Angular App
Before diving in, remember that since end users have full access to the power of the browser as well as DevTools and the client-side code, it’s vital that you not only restrict access to sensitive endpoints on the server-side - but that you also do not store sensitive data on the client-side. Keep this in mind as you add auth functionality to your own MEAN application stack.
Client-side Routing
Let’s add the remainder of the client-side routes to the main.js file:
myApp.config(function ($routeProvider) {
$routeProvider
.when('/', {
templateUrl: 'partials/home.html'
})
.when('/login', {
templateUrl: 'partials/login.html',
controller: 'loginController'
})
.when('/logout', {
controller: 'logoutController'
})
.when('/register', {
templateUrl: 'partials/register.html',
controller: 'registerController'
})
.when('/one', {
template: '
This is page one!
'
})
.when('/two', {
template: '
This is page two!
'
})
.otherwise({
redirectTo: '/'
});
});
Here, we created five new routes. Before we add the subsequent templates and controllers, let’s create a service to handle authentication.
Authentication Service
Start by adding the basic structure of the service to a new file called services.js in the “client” directory:
angular.module('myApp').factory('AuthService',
['$q', '$timeout', '$http',
function ($q, $timeout, $http) {
// create user variable
var user = null;
// return available functions for use in the controllers
return ({
isLoggedIn: isLoggedIn,
getUserStatus: getUserStatus,
login: login,
logout: logout,
register: register
});
}]);
Here, we simply defined the service name, AuthService
, and then injected the dependencies that we will be using - $q
, $timeout
, $http
- and then returned the functions, which we still need to write, for use outside the service.
Make sure to add the script to the index.html file:

Let’s create each function…
isLoggedIn()
function isLoggedIn() {
if(user) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
This function returns true
if user
evaluates to true
- a user is logged in - otherwise it returns false.
getUserStatus()
function getUserStatus() {
return user;
}
login()
function login(username, password) {
// create a new instance of deferred
var deferred = $q.defer();
// send a post request to the server
$http.post('/user/login',
{username: username, password: password})
// handle success
.success(function (data, status) {
if(status === 200 && data.status){
user = true;
deferred.resolve();
} else {
user = false;
deferred.reject();
}
})
// handle error
.error(function (data) {
user = false;
deferred.reject();
});
// return promise object
return deferred.promise;
}
Here, we used the $q service to set up a promise, which we’ll access in a future controller. We also utilized the $http service to send an AJAX request to the /user/login
endpoint that we already set up in our back-end Node/Express app.
Based on the returned response, we either resolve or reject and set the value of user
to true
or false
, respectively.
logout()
function logout() {
// create a new instance of deferred
var deferred = $q.defer();
// send a get request to the server
$http.get('/user/logout')
// handle success
.success(function (data) {
user = false;
deferred.resolve();
})
// handle error
.error(function (data) {
user = false;
deferred.reject();
});
// return promise object
return deferred.promise;
}
Here, we followed the same formula as the login()
function, except we sent a GET request rather than a POST and to be safe we just went ahead and handled the error the same as the success.
register()
function register(username, password) {
// create a new instance of deferred
var deferred = $q.defer();
// send a post request to the server
$http.post('/user/register',
{username: username, password: password})
// handle success
.success(function (data, status) {
if(status === 200 && data.status){
deferred.resolve();
} else {
deferred.reject();
}
})
// handle error
.error(function (data) {
deferred.reject();
});
// return promise object
return deferred.promise;
}
Again, we followed a similar formula to the logout()
function. Can you tell what’s happening?
That’s it for the service. Keep in mind that we still have not “used” this service. In order to do that we just need to inject it into the necessary components in the Angular app. In our case, that will be the controllers, which we’ll build next.
Templates and Controllers
Looking back at our routes, we need to setup two partials/templates and three controllers:
.when('/login', {
templateUrl: 'partials/login.html',
controller: 'loginController'
})
.when('/logout', {
controller: 'logoutController'
})
.when('/register', {
templateUrl: 'partials/register.html',
controller: 'registerController'
})
Login
First, add the following HTML to a new file called login.html:

Login

{{errorMessage}}

<form class="form" ng-submit="login()">

Username
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="username" ng-model="loginForm.username" required>

Password
<input type="password" class="form-control" name="password" ng-model="loginForm.password" required>

<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default" ng-disabled="disabled">Login</button>

</form>

Add this file to the “partials” directory.
Take note of the form. We used the ng-model directive on each of the inputs so that we can capture those values in the controller. Also, when the form is submitted, the ng-submit directive handles the event by firing the login()
function.
Next, within the “client” folder, add a new file called controllers.js. Yes, this will hold all of our Angular app’s controllers. Don’t forget to add the script to the index.html file:

Now, let’s add the first controller:
angular.module('myApp').controller('loginController',
['$scope', '$location', 'AuthService',
function ($scope, $location, AuthService) {
$scope.login = function () {
// initial values
$scope.error = false;
$scope.disabled = true;
// call login from service
AuthService.login($scope.loginForm.username, $scope.loginForm.password)
// handle success
.then(function () {
$location.path('/');
$scope.disabled = false;
$scope.loginForm = {};
})
// handle error
.catch(function () {
$scope.error = true;
$scope.errorMessage = "Invalid username and/or password";
$scope.disabled = false;
$scope.loginForm = {};
});
};
}]);
So, when the login()
function is fired, we set some initial values and then call login()
from the AuthService
, passing the user supplied email and password as arguments. The subsequent success or error is then handled and the DOM/view/template is updated appropriately.
Ready to test the first round-trip - client => server => client?
Fire up the server and navigate to http://localhost:3000/#/login in your browser. First, try logging in with the user credentials used to register earlier - e.g<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and test
, respectively. If all went well, you should be redirected to the main URL. Next, try to log in using invalid credentials. You should see the error message flash, “Invalid username and/or password”.
Logout
Add the controller:
angular.module('myApp').controller('logoutController',
['$scope', '$location', 'AuthService',
function ($scope, $location, AuthService) {
$scope.logout = function () {
// call logout from service
AuthService.logout()
.then(function () {
$location.path('/login');
});
};
}]);
Here, we called AuthService.logout()
and then redirected the user to the /login
route after the promise is resolved.
Add a button to home.html:

Logout

And then test it out again.
Register
Add a new new file called register.html to the “partials” folder and add the following HTML:

Register

{{errorMessage}}

<form class="form" ng-submit="register()">

Username
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="username" ng-model="registerForm.username" required>

Password
<input type="password" class="form-control" name="password" ng-model="registerForm.password" required>

<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default" ng-disabled="disabled">Register</button>

</form>

Next, add the controller:
angular.module('myApp').controller('registerController',
['$scope', '$location', 'AuthService',
function ($scope, $location, AuthService) {
$scope.register = function () {
// initial values
$scope.error = false;
$scope.disabled = true;
// call register from service
AuthService.register($scope.registerForm.username, $scope.registerForm.password)
// handle success
.then(function () {
$location.path('/login');
$scope.disabled = false;
$scope.registerForm = {};
})
// handle error
.catch(function () {
$scope.error = true;
$scope.errorMessage = "Something went wrong!";
$scope.disabled = false;
$scope.registerForm = {};
});
};
}]);
You’ve seen this before, so let’s move right on to testing.
Fire up the server and register a new user at http://localhost:3000/#/register. Make sure to test logging in with that new user as well.
Well, that’s it for the templates and controllers. We now need to add in functionality to check if a user is logged in on each and every change of route.
Route Changes
Start by adding the following code to main.js:
myApp.run(function ($rootScope, $location, $route, AuthService) {
$rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart',
function (event, next, current) {
if (AuthService.isLoggedIn() === false) {
$location.path('/login');
}
});
});
The $routeChangeStart event fires before the actual route change occurs. So, whenever a route is accessed, before the view is served, we ensure that the user is logged in. Test this out!
Route Restriction
Right now all client-side routes require a user to be logged in. What if you want certain routes restricted and other routes open?
You can add the following code to each route handler, replacing true
with false
for routes that you do not want to restrict:
access: {restricted: true}
For example:
myApp.config(function ($routeProvider) {
$routeProvider
.when('/', {
templateUrl: 'partials/home.html',
access: {restricted: true}
})
.when('/login', {
templateUrl: 'partials/login.html',
controller: 'loginController',
access: {restricted: false}
})
.when('/logout', {
controller: 'logoutController',
access: {restricted: true}
})
.when('/register', {
templateUrl: 'partials/register.html',
controller: 'registerController',
access: {restricted: false}
})
.when('/one', {
template: '
This is page one!
',
access: {restricted: true}
})
.when('/two', {
template: '
This is page two!
',
access: {restricted: false}
})
.otherwise({
redirectTo: '/'
});
});
Now just update the $routeChangeStart
code in main.js:
myApp.run(function ($rootScope, $location, $route, AuthService) {
$rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart',
function (event, next, current) {
if (next.access.restricted && AuthService.isLoggedIn() === false) {
$location.path('/login');
$route.reload();
}
});
});
Test it out!
Persistent Login
Finally, what happens on a page refresh? Try it.
The user is logged out, right? Why? Because the controller and services are called again, setting the user
variable to null
. This is a problem since the user is still logged in on the server side.
Fortunately, the fix is simple: Within the $routeChangeStart
we need to ALWAYS check if a user is logged in. Right now, it’s checking whether isLoggedIn()
is false
. Let’s update getUserStatus()
so that it checks the user status on the back-end:
function getUserStatus() {
return $http.get('/user/status')
// handle success
.success(function (data) {
if(data.status){
user = true;
} else {
user = false;
}
})
// handle error
.error(function (data) {
user = false;
});
}
Then add the route handler:
router.get('/status', function(req, res) {
if (!req.isAuthenticated()) {
return res.status(200).json({
status: false
});
}
res.status(200).json({
status: true
});
});
Finally, update the $routeChangeStart
:
myApp.run(function ($rootScope, $location, $route, AuthService) {
$rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart',
function (event, next, current) {
AuthService.getUserStatus()
.then(function(){
if (next.access.restricted && !AuthService.isLoggedIn()){
$location.path('/login');
$route.reload();
}
});
});
});
Try it out!
Conclusion
That’s it. One thing you should note is that the Angular app can be used with various frameworks as long as the endpoints are set up correctly in the AJAX requests. So, you can easily take the Angular portion and add it to your Django or Pyramid or NodeJS app. Try it!
Check out a Python/Flask app with Angular Auth here
Grab the final code from the repo. Cheers!


Military Scenario Definition Language file (MSDL):
Read msdl file and converts to JSON tree:
new Orbat.read(file)


Andrew (Andy) Ehrenberg
I am a Masters student in Machine Learning at UCL with an interest in improving
generalization and exploration efficiency of embodied agents. In particular, I'm keen on (Meta) Reinforcement Learning; Offline RL; and embodied agent based models of language learning that enable language grounding, and the formation
of reliable beliefs about tasks and environments that allow for effective exploration. I envision that the use of language and knowledge/memory will improve the zero-shot generalization capacities of agents,
which will allow for deployment in real-world scenarios.
In 2020, I received my Bachelors in Statistics (with a Math Minor) at UCLA, where I took courses on Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Probability Theory, Monte Carlo Methods, and Programming. I have gained experience
in Computer Vision research, in which I developed software for eye-gaze tracking, researched generative models for image colorization, worked with a team on models for DeepFake detection, and experimented with
implementations of Imitation Learning.
Aside from my academic interests, I competed for the NCAA Division I Track and Field and Cross Country teams at UCLA, enjoy writing/playing music, and spend lots of time climbing, backpacking, and cycling.
Email /
GitHub /
Resume /
LinkedIn
|
|


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Introduction
Using Sahi
Sahi APIs
Sahi Scripting
F.A.Q.
Trouble Shooting
(View Online Docs)
Sahi Pro - What's new?
Sahi Pro v6.0.1 - What's new?
Bug Fixes
Features
Sahi Pro v6.0.0 - What's new?
Key features
Editor
Triggering Sahi Pro from Jenkins
Object Repository
Better Reporting
Browser Page and Element Screenshots via _takePageScreenShot
Better error stacktraces
Script locking for synchronization
Globally included global_include.sah file
Searching scripts within suites in Sahi's logs
Improved Graphs
Compare images
Native events
New APIs
Modified API's
Other Features and Enhancements
Bug Fixes
Sahi Pro v5.1.2 - What's new?
Bug Fixes
Sahi Pro v5.1.1 - What's new?
Features
Bug Fixes
Sahi Pro v5.1.0 - What's new?
Key features
Internet Explorer 11 Support
CORS support
Data Driven Suites
Brand new documentation
Scenario Editor for Excel Framework
Sahi as a Documentation Tool
Script specific object repository files
Upgrading Sahi becomes easier
Multiple browser sessions in single script
REST APIs for WebServices
Email notification on Suite execution
Lots of optimizations
New APIs
Other features
Bug Fixes
Sahi OS - What's new?
Sahi OS v5.0 - What's new?
New Features
New APIs
Bug Fixes
Sahi - Introduction
Main differentiating features
Full feature list
Browser Support
Sahi Name
Architecture
User Goals
Technical Goals
Handling new browsers and operating systems
Object Identification
Event simulation
Scripting
Agile
Architecture
Sahi Script
Sample Code
Parsing and Execution
Rhino Engine
Sahi Pro - Whats new in Sahi OS
abstract
This section lists the changes made in each release of Sahi OS.


| Home | Trees | Indices | Help |
|---|
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object --+ | type --+ | GeneratedProtocolMessageType
Metaclass for protocol message classes created at runtime from Descriptors. We add implementations for all methods described in the Message class. We also create properties to allow getting/setting all fields in the protocol message. Finally, we create slots to prevent users from accidentally "setting" nonexistent fields in the protocol message, which then wouldn't get serialized / deserialized properly. The protocol compiler currently uses this metaclass to create protocol message classes at runtime. Clients can also manually create their own classes at runtime, as in this example: mydescriptor = Descriptor(.....) class MyProtoClass(Message): __metaclass__ = GeneratedProtocolMessageType DESCRIPTOR = mydescriptor myproto_instance = MyProtoClass() myproto.foo_field = 23 ...
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| the object's type |
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Inherited from Inherited from |
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| a new object with type S, a subtype of T |
|
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|||
_DESCRIPTOR_KEY =
|
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|||
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Inherited from Inherited from |
|
Here we perform the majority of our work on the class. We add enum getters, an __init__ method, implementations of all Message methods, and properties for all fields in the protocol type. Args: name: Name of the class (ignored, but required by the metaclass protocol). bases: Base classes of the class we're constructing. (Should be message.Message). We ignore this field, but it's required by the metaclass protocol dictionary: The class dictionary of the class we're constructing. dictionary[_DESCRIPTOR_KEY] must contain a Descriptor object describing this protocol message type.
|
Custom allocation for runtime-generated class types. We override __new__ because this is apparently the only place where we can meaningfully set __slots__ on the class we're creating(?). (The interplay between metaclasses and slots is not very well-documented). Args: name: Name of the class (ignored, but required by the metaclass protocol). bases: Base classes of the class we're constructing. (Should be message.Message). We ignore this field, but it's required by the metaclass protocol dictionary: The class dictionary of the class we're constructing. dictionary[_DESCRIPTOR_KEY] must contain a Descriptor object describing this protocol message type. Returns: Newly-allocated class.
|
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| Generated by Epydoc 3.0.1 on Mon Feb 27 16:05:45 2017 | http://epydoc.sourceforge.net |


A wizard in the Wizards' Tower is missing his four magic beads. See if you can help them retrieve them.
Combat high enough to avoid level 25 Darkwizards.
None.
Black Bead
Yellow Bead
Red Bead
White Bead
Congratulations! Quest complete!


Moreno has 'clear conscience' after controversial Spain exit
Luis Enrique’s former assistant has stepped aside after just a handful of months at the Roja helm, a feeling he admitted was ‘bittersweet’.
by The42 TeamROBERT MORENO INSISTS he has “a clear conscience” after his stint as Spain head coach ended with Luis Enrique’s return to the role, although he acknowledged “a bittersweet feeling”.
Then assistant Moreno stepped into the breach earlier this year when Luis Enrique resigned as his young daughter Xana battled bone cancer. She died in August.
Former Barcelona coach Luis Enrique returned this week, however, replacing Moreno, who had worked alongside him in a number of previous positions.
Moreno has not reverted to his role as assistant amid reports the two have fallen out, although he said in a statement on Wednesday he would not assess his final days as Spain boss, avoiding “a spiral of reproaches and justifications for each of the parties”.
But the 42-year-old did thank Luis Enrique, his staff, the RFEF and the media, while also apologising for not addressing reporters after his final match in charge on Monday.
He added in the statement: “I have a clear conscience. It is impossible to please everyone, but I sincerely tell you that I respect all and all opinions.
“I have always maintained that I am a man of my word and would not be an obstacle in the event that Luis Enrique decided to return.
“I have done so even though it has meant my departure. I wish him well because his joys will be ours.”
Referring to the “extreme situation” in Luis Enrique’s personal life that led to him taking charge, Moreno said he wished he had never been required to become coach.
He concluded: “My experience as an absolute coach began and ended in the same way, with a bittersweet feeling.
“I have to look forward and face new challenges as a coach in my passion, football. I am prepared to face the challenge of leading new projects.”


About Me
Ryan Lennon
More About Me
Ryan Lennon/Pan: Lost his parents when he was little, met the girl of his dreams and decided to become a vigilante named Pan. He learned how to fight from his older sister Sophie and has been reading Batman comics before his parents died. He first became Pan after an encounter with Iris, as The Wolf, and decided to become a vigilante to take down the scum and criminals in Empire City. He wears a green newsboys cap as a tribute to his father, after he gave it to him before his death.
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Iris Connors
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Iris Conners/The Wolf: a shy 19 year old tomboy genius who was able to create a serum to help people using wolf dna, but after testing it on herself she turned into a werewolf monster in tattered clothing known as, The Wolf that kills everyone in its way, now she tries to find a cure, while trying to live a normal life and to handle her relationship with Ryan without changing, like Jekyl and Hyde, and becoming Pan's most deadliest foe.
About Me
Sophie Lennon
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Sophie Lennon: older sister to Ryan and acts like their mother, so Ryan can have a better future. She works at a science lab in Empire City after getting her Ph.D. In England and helped build the Pan suit by adding fixable fabric into normal clothing, which was a complete success. She was also a black belt in ninjutsu and taught Ryan all of her techniques from her sensei.
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Sarah Harlow
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Sarah Harlow/Titan: Iris's best friend since kindergarten and colleague for college that kept her friend's secret from the school, She tries to develop a cure for Iris, for days and nights with no sleep. When she thought of a developed serum, she accidentally drops it and cleans it up. But a cut on her finger caused some of the serum to enter her blood stream. That moment on the serum turns her into a half wolf, half hulk like beast known as Titan.
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John Razhar
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John "Razor" Razhar : an Infamous billionaire, who inherited his father's fortune after his death. He also learned the art of Ninjutsu and became a black belt from the same sensei that taught Sophie. He owns most of the companies and factory in Empire City, along with a warehouse. However after leaving a press conference he survived a car explosion that cost him his left eye and scarred on his face along with severe broken bones. In order to survive he had cybernetic implants planted all over the inside of his body. Now secretly, he becomes the main crime boss of Empire City, and brings back his family's empire which has formed for centuries along with the name "The Razor". He is also Pan's Arch-Nemesis since he has some part involving the murder of Ryan's parents years ago.
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Nayr: Ryan's evil and insane personality from all the anger Ryan held in after being bullied and abused for years, but was called Jack at first. He decided to take over Ryan's body to steal a serum Iris created to rid herself of her alter ego and to be rid of Ryan once and for all. However as soon as he drank the serum, Ryan took over and rid himself of Nayr instead. All that was left of him was a vile of ooze he puked up due to the side effect of the serum. But as the ooze started to go into the sewers, and landing into a puddle of chemicals, it caused a chemical reaction that formed Nayr a new body. But not only did it work, but it caused him to only be a clone of Ryan, only with white frost hair, the sight of his new form caused him to break down into madness and made it his goal in life to be the one to kill his arch nemesis Ryan/Pan no matter what. He has also gain the ability of the ancient art of Monkey Kung Fu after having some parts of Ryan passed onto him.
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Jade West
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Jade/Yo-Yo: Was head cheerleader and gymnastics champion who despised Ryan since middle school. After her ex mayor father was arrested and sent to Ravencroft, her reputation was ruined and decided to go undercover to get her father out so they can get their revenge. but she began to fall in love with Nayr after running into him while trying to find her father. She decided to let her father rot in prision and became Nayr's Harley Quinn. She learns the art of Monkey Kung Fu from Nayr, and uses her gymnastic skills to fight like batgirl and Harley Quinn.
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Kenji Yakumo
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Enigma: use to be known as Kenji Yakumo, was once a robotics engineer and developed an obsessive compulsion disorder by claiming to be smarter then anyone else. He use to work with Iris and Harlow in the university in NYC before the accident. He is also a Riddler fanatic and use to be in love with Iris. After Iris and Harlow ratted him out for trying to steal Harlow's laser and was expelled from the university he decided to become a super criminal known as "Enigma" who can use riddles as codes to hack into the police files to sell the cops personal files to gangs and super criminals, along with building deadly puzzles and robots to take down Pan and proves that he's better then him and to solve the ultimate question..who is Pan..?
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Count Orlock
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Count Orlock/Nosferatu: an immortal vampire that has been around for 400 years, he is now the head gang leader of the black market ring under the name "Nosferatu" and with the help of his men he hired, the best of the best, he'll try to become the true crime lord of Empire City, and rid of Pan and Razor once and for all.
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William "Will" Kent
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William Kent/2-face: Ryan's old best friend from elementary school, he was a football player in middle school to high school and decided to use his internship to get into law school so he can become a police officer like his father. like Ryan, he suffered from multiple personality disorder after being bullied every day, but called himself Big Bad Willy and sometimes "Two-Face" . His bad side can only come out if he's really angry. He also had a secret small crush on Sophie, but started to like her like she was his sister. His life changed after being kidnapped and tortured by Nayr and suffered not only a burned scar from the left side of his face and a concussion after an accident from the impact of the explosion. It also caused his bad persona to take over the left side and after knowing who Pan really is thanks to the insane man tortured him. He decided to go rouge and becomes a super villian to get revenge on Pan and Nayr.
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Anton Zeck
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Anton Zeck: A master theif who works for Razhar as part of his top henchmen. He use to have a tron like suit til his encounter with Pan and The Wolf, but after the fight Razhar decided to mutate him into a wolfman cyber punk, he also can turn invisible, have pulse cannons by the palm of his hands like Iron Man similar to his suit, he also combined his street fighting, and boxing techniques with Michael Jackson like moves and poses, and he makes sounds just like him for fun. He carries an assault rifle, smgs and a chainsaw to bring more fear.
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Tiny
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Tiny: An average sized thug, who is slow in the head but is pretty tough. He joined Razhar as his muscle, with his partner Zeck and was injected with the same serum his partner was injected with, as one of the first candidates of Razor's super soldiers, causing him to mutate into a hybrid creature with a lion's mane and roar, the appearance, fur and stripes of a tiger, and the strength of a bear, and the agility of a cheetah. He carries, M-60 machine gun, grenades, an army knife, and his favorite a sledgehammer.
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Dr.Frank E. Stein
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Dr.Stein: a scientist who, like Iris, studies in genetics along with robotics, but to create an army of super soldiers to bring into the war instead of using normal soldiers to reduce deaths. He tried to get funds from universities for his work, but was called a mad scientist by many people and was told his project will be terminated. After that he was offered a job working as a scientist by pan's rival, Razor. He helps Razor create a serum using the wolf's blood, and a few chemicals of his own, and mutate Tiny and Zeck to the soldiers they are today. After seeing Iris become the Wolf, he started to become obsessed with using Iris's DNA to make more mutants like her.
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Egon
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Egon: Dr.Stein's insane assistant, and robotics expert aswell along with an obsession of making weapons. After an accident that caused him to lose his mind, he started to work with Stein, as his assistant, and razor's weapons expert.
 When she was a baby her parents left her on the streets, By the time she was about to die from the freezing cold, Razhar found her and saved her just in time, before taking her in. As the years went by she was trained by her new father, and her only friends were cats within the alley's.  She is basically the catwoman in the Pan universe who has a secret crush on Pan.
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Manuel Rivera
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Skull: was a champion wrestler in South America, until he was caught using steroids. He lost his championship and was sent to prison for 20 years. During his time in jail he taught himself the secret of martial arts along with MMA fighting moves. Soon as he was released he decided to become a bounty hunter, after hearing about Pan, he made his goal in life to kill the Pan and let him find peace in the afterlife, so he can become a legendary bounty hunter for everyone to remember.
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Rex Steel
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Rex "Hunter" Steel: ex-military soldier who was in Iraq, he was the best sharpshooter in his platoon, but made his platoon jealous of him and was mostly picked on.  By planting grenades and propane tanks in their bunks. He left his base and shoots one propane tank that caused a huge explosion.  He goes by the name "Hunter."
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The Reaper: a mysterious girl who has been on her own in the alley's, ever since she was a little girl, born with special psychic powers that can make people see their worst fears. People see her as a freak due to her powers but she began to learn that her gift can make her unstoppable. Years later she suffered an accident that caused to her lose sight to her right eye. Like Ryan and Enigma she read batman comics involving the scarecrow before her accident and now wants to spread fear all over the world, along with learning the art of witchcraft.


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Supported by Hakimel and Newshell Updatetime：07/07/2019
典型课堂场景1
“同学们知道是什么连读吗？”
“知道！就是a lo to f”
“不错，还有吗？”
“额，好像是of可以变成əv..？”
典型课堂场景2
“三大从句句型？？”
“状语从句，宾语从句，还有啥来着…..”
典型课堂场景3
“老师老师，能不能跟我讲讲同位语从句和插入语的区别啊？？”
问题解读：
1.如果说到连读只想到琐碎的应用实例还算说的过去，那么把弱读和连读混为一谈就很不应该了。
2.不按照成体系的方法记忆几大基本从句类型，肯定经常容易混淆和漏记
3.能提出这种问题的同学，一定是根本就没有搞懂这两种结构本身各自的定义，就开始试图搞清区别。
就像你根本就不认识你的两个同学就试图去进行区分他们，怎么可能？对这两类句型定义清楚的同学肯定是不会问出来这种问题的。
今天同学们学习英语的条件是十分便捷的，比如
如果你想知道任何一个细节的语法知识点，你只要使用搜索引擎就一定可以找到答案
效率甚至远远高于向老师询问
但是，为什么很多同学的英语水平依然还停留在中学的
说到不定式就是Make sb to do sth，提笔就是 With the development of society
这就是学习的碎片化导致的： 只见树木，不见森林
所有的知识信息都是一座座孤岛，举目四望便是汪洋大海茫茫一片，互相不能联通，谈何举一反三。
因此，就算把效率最高的搜索引擎给你，最全的数据库，最厚的语法书给你
你依然不知道自己该学点啥。
因此，我总结出了这本Learning in systematic way, 以指导同学们进行系统且模块化的学习，以期有所帮助。
在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音,在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做指定短元音
| 绝对开音节 | 单个发音的元音字母后面没有辅音字母的音节。 | 例如：no she he we me hi |
| 相对开音节 | 单个元音字母后加一个或者一个以上的辅音字母(r除外），再加一个不发音的字母e构成的音节 | 例如：name these bike home excuse like five,exer-cise， satel-lite，name， these， bike， home， excuse， like，ape，ice |
| 闭音节 | 指的是以一个或几个辅音音素结尾(以r结尾称为r音节，但在过去式、过去分词以及现在分词的双写规则中与闭音节作相同处理)，而中间只有一个元音音素的音节 | sit/sit/，film/film/, pen/pen/，dog/dɔg/，map/mæp/，desk/desk/，apple/ˈæpl/ |
| a | 在开音节中[ei] name plane Jane baby cake | 在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back |
| e | 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese | 在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg |
| i | 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite | 在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim |
| o | 在开音节中 [əu] those close go hoe home no | 在闭音节中 [ɒ] clock not box shop sock |
| u | 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday | 在闭音节中 [ʌ] bus cup jump much lunch |
People don’t speak English word by word, 3 skills are indispensable
| 意义
|
英文的抑扬顿挫(intonation)，最重要的便是由重读体现。
|
|---|---|
| 如何重读 | ◦ Time - lower, longer 长
◦ Tone- stress(higher in pitch) 高 ◦ Volume-louder 响 |
| 重音与次重音符号 | 重读重音符号后的音节
achieve /ə‘tʃiv/ adhere /əd'hɪr/ congratulation[kən,ɡrætʃu‘leʃən] extracurriculum [,ekstrəkə'rikjuləm] information ['ɪnfɚ'meʃən] |
| 重读位置 | 1.单音节：
无重读/全重读: 相对：要重读的音节，对比非重读音节， 能够加以区分。 •◦ Bag, book, club，beef，meat |
| 2.双音节
•前名： Country, brother, window, •后动： import，present，object，produce，project，record |
|
| 3.多音节：重读倒数第三音节。
三音节-第一音节,四音节-第二音节,五音节-第三音节 ◦ family, political, organize, phenomenon |
|
| 4. -tion,sion结尾的：重读tion之前的音节
◦ organization, station, pronunciation, revision，oversimplification |
| 弱读可以有多弱？ | 查看故事： One small step for a man. A giant leap for mankind. |
|---|---|
| 弱读类型 | 1.长元音变短元音 Me /mi:/ /i/ 2.失去爆破（吞音） 3.SCHWA 4.缩读contraction: gonna wanna 5.H 的省略 |
| 弱读核心 | Schwa（非中央（重读strees）音节元音） |
| Schwa步骤 | 1.划分音节 2.找重读音节 3.非重读音节变Schwa 4. 变为中元音/ ə / |
功能词弱读： Preposition for /for/ //fər / This is for you As /əz / From He is far from home. at/ət/ they’re at work that/ / To they went to school of/əv/ I drink cup of tea. Conjunctions and/ən/ It goes up and down. or/ər/Did he say yes or no? Because /kəz/ Why? B/C I say so. Helping verbs Is /əz/ /z/ /s/ He’s studying Has/əz/ /z/ /s/ He’s studied. Do/də/ How do you do? are [ɑr] / ər / Are you kidding? Will /l/ we’ll talk to him Can/Cən/ Have/həv/ Articles A/ I made a mistake An /Do you want an apple? The/ The moon is shining Pronouns You /What do you want? Your /what’s in your bag? Our This is our house He /hi/ /i/ Is he here yet? Him /Him/ /im/ I gave him a present. Her /he*r/ /e*r/ I gave her a present. Them /e*m/ we talk to them 单词弱读 Behind Between Below Behind Office Chicago Impossible 词组弱读 We are/wər/ You are They are 句子练习 It’s not as easy as you think It’s no ta se sy as you think At noon, we'll stop working and eat lunch. Do you think he's making them a cup of tea? I'm going to the beach because it's a sunny day. How far is it from San Diego to San Francisco? Bob had a cup of coffee with cream and sugar A cup of coffee The end of the day A couple of days Cream and sugar/ coke and fries.
Contractions are very common in speaking, but we don't write them this way in academic or business writing only in very casual notes or emails.
| Going to | gonna | Gonna to go Gonna to have a lunch *we don't change going to to gonna when it's part of the main verb, as in I‘m going to the supermarket.* |
| Want to wants to | wanna, wanste | Do you wanna to have lunch?  He wants to become a doctor. He wanste become a doctor. |
| Kind of Sort of a lot of Lots of | kinda Sorda Alota Lotsa | Learning pronunciation is kind of like playing tennis. It's sort of hard at first, but then it gets easier. Becoming an expert takes alota practice. |
| Have to,Has to | hafte,haste | We have to study He has to study. Does your sister have to take a test? Yes, she has to take a math test. I have to take that test too. |
| Would have,Could have,Should have | woulda,coulda,shoulda | If we'd known, we could have made reservations. You should reminded me earlier. If I'd gotten up earlier, I would have been on time. |
| Comprehensive practice | I want to live where it's kind of warm all year. Are you going to tell Bob he has to help us? If I could have made it, I would have been there. Lots of people have to wear glasses. |
| 浊化意义 | 浊化既清辅音变浊辅音的发音现象 |
| 浊化三规则 | 1.前有S 2.后有元音 3.非重读音节 |
| 例子 | p:speak, spit, sport, spade, spark t:stay, steal, still, star, story k:sky, ski, skate, school, scold |
| 1.升调 Rising Tone⤴： | 意义：是一个期待回答和表示未完待续的语调，希望引起注意。 1.一般疑问句（期待回答） 2.举例子（未完待续，进行自我补充） |
| 2.降调Falling tone⤵： | 意义：表示强调，回答和结束。 1.特殊疑问句 2.回答疑问 3.命令句与陈述句 |
| 3.降升调 ⤵⤴ F&R Tone： | 表示转折 |
| 举例子： | I need eggs⤴, pasta sauce⤴，garlic⤴，and butter⤵. |
| 一般疑问句： | Can you help me? could you come to my office.please? would you mind putting out your cigarette? Do you like her? |
| 命令句与回答句： | Go to the grocery store for me⤵. Yeah, I like her⤵，Why do you know her⤵? |
| 特殊疑问句 | How are you⤵/How are you doing? ⤵/What’s going on? ⤵/what’s up? Where did you spend your vacation⤵? Roma⤵. Was it expensive⤴? Yeah, very⤵. when are they planning to go home? why did you decide to become a teacher? |
| 选择疑问句： | is it sunny⤴ or rainy⤵? would you rather watch tennis⤴ or soccer⤵? would you like coffee⤴,tea⤴, or water⤵? |
| 附加疑问句： | Your name is Ann, isn't it⤴?(I really don't know) Your name is Ann, isn't it⤵?(I am sure you'll say yes) |
| 综合练习： | How many legs does a spider have? Do spiders lay eggs? Which has more legs, a spider or an ant? Do spiders make good pets? Some spiders are poisonous, aren't they? |
| 意义 | To make long sentences easier to say and understand, break them up into phrase groups. |
| 划分规则 | connect words with one meaning into same group，at least one stress every phrase groups . |
| 例子 | John went shopping and he spent a lot of money John went shopping /and he spent /a lot of money He got a watch for his father a laptop for his mother and a novel for his son. He got a watch for his father/ a laptop for his mother /and a novel for his son. ◦ I’m afraid you’ve made a mistake ◦ They changed the schedule at the end of April ◦ I’ve been waiting for ages |
| 类型 | 规则 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 1.True T，真/t/ | 1.词汇开头 2.重读音节 3.c-t/l-t | Fact Melt Equipment temple Task |
| 2.Held T(失去爆破t) | 1.位于词汇末尾 2.位于音节末尾 3.成阻，失爆 | Apartment ，outside，Cut，can’t/ can |
| 3.Flap T，闪音T | 1. 元音之间,必须前后都是（或者/r/），/t/变成/d/ 2.不是一个强力的浊辅音/d/，发音要轻 3.l之前 | Water=wader Better City Little ['lɪtl] shorten， a par do f= a part of what is it=wha di si? But I- bu di? see you late Thirty/Forty/eighty |
| 4.Glottal T （声门）T | 1. 音标/t/+/n/之前发生Glottal Stop 2. t发成一个鼻音很重的“/n/”音 | Certain ['sɝtn] mountain [ˈmaʊntn] cotton ['kɑtn] Britain ['brɪtn] lighten ['laɪtn] eaten [itn] |
| 5.Vanishing T | 出现规则：/n/+/t/ | Internet ['ɪntɚnɛt] Printer ['prɪntɚ]，Twenty['twɛnti] integer['ɪntɪdʒɚ] |
| 类型 | 规则 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| ed | 1.Unvoiced+ed 做后缀时，如果前面是清辅音,发清辅音/t/ | Helped Asked Finished Cooked Worked stopped |
| 2.Voiced consonants/Vowel+ed 做后缀时，如果前面是浊辅音和元音,发音/d/ | Cleaned Played Prepared | |
| 3.T,d+ed,发音/id/ | Limited,Painted,Started,Visited | |
| t | 1.Unvoiced consonants+s,发音清辅音/s/ | Maps,Cakes,Roofs,Cups |
| 2.Voiced consonants/Vowels+s 做后缀时，如果前面是浊辅音和元音,发音/z/ | Is ,days,Music,Husband,reason | |
| 3. /s/,/z/,/ʃ/,/ʒ/,/tʃ/,/dʒ/,发音/iz/ | Horses，Dishes，Surprises，boxes |
can和can't是听力做题过程中最为常见和难以区分的词对，因为can‘t的尾音t经常被省略 Problem：Can, and the negative contraction, Can't, People don't usually pronounce these words clearly
| Can | 常见发音/kən/ | Can is usually unstressed, and it sounds like /kən/, with a reduced vowel. When can is alone, with no verb after it, it’s stressed as /Kæ/ |
| Can't | 常见发音 /kæn/ | Can't is usually stressed. It sounds like /kænt/ with a clear sound. |
| 例子 | Can /kən/ you help me? Yes I can/kæn/. Eagles can fly, but penguins can’t Can ostriches fly? No, I don’t think they can. Eagles can fly, but they can’t live in ocean. Can’t you tell me more about birds? No, I can’t. |
Problem：numbers ending in -teen and -ty. These are often very hard to tell apart, even for native speakers. There are two different ways to tell them apart.
| Two ways to distingguish | 1. Stressed-syllable. Teen will be stressed in the second syllable, ty will be stressed in the first syllable. However,when people count, eg.Thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, they will stress in the 1st syllable. 2. The difference of /t/ sound |
| 13 thirteen [‘θə:’ti:n] 为什么不是 [‘θə:’di:n] ? 14 fourteen['for’tin] 15 fifteen ['fifti:n] 16 sixteen ['siks'ti:n] 17 seventeen[,sevən'ti:n] 18 eighteen ['ei'ti:n] 19 nineteen [,nain'ti:n] | 30 thirty ['θə:ti] = thirdy 40 forty['fɔ:ti] = fordy 50 fifty['fifti] =fifty 60 sixty['siksti]= siksdy 70 seventy=seveny 80 eighty['eiti]= eidy 90 ninety[’nainti]= nainy |
| example | We need sixteen chairs for the meeting. My aunt was born in nineteen seventy. This book costs $30.15. How many people will come to the meeting at 2:40? |
It‘s one part of connected speech. A way that words are joined together whenever people speak. We don't say words separately like beads on a string. Instead, words are like magnets that stick together so that you can hardly tell where one ends, and the next one begins. 规则：1.属于同一意群 2.非重读 3.跟语速无关
| 类型 | 规则 | Eg. |
| 1.辅音+辅音 | 1.两个辅音相同时，甚至相似时（同类型），两个辅音合并成为一个辅音，重心靠后 2.结尾是爆破音时，直接失去爆破 | Pual Likes swimming Short time/This school/With the Enough friends He always seems so happy. This city has a fine, new library. What time do you think Katy will be here? Big turtles move very slowly. I have a big kitchen. I eve bi ‘kitchen. I wish she would talk to me I want to play badminton |
| 2.辅音+元音 | 直接拼读 | a lot of /What if/I’m an actor John is a friend of mine I had to wait a while before my job interview. I can't think of an idea for a new product. The teachers and students were all enthusiastic. We speak liaison every day, they are all around us. |
| 3.元音+元音 | 1. /e/, /i/(前元音)结尾 加 /j/ 2./u:/, /ɔ:/（后元音） 结尾加/w/ 3./ə/（中元音）,特征：出现字母r,结尾加/r/ 4.前后元音相同时，直接拼读 | Play around ,I appreciate you Two hours No anwers(no wanswer) Doing Dowing Why is she so afraid of it Whiz se so wa frai do fi t? the answer is (answer ris) mother in law where is it? There is a huge store in the city Go over |
| 4.同化现象 | /d/+/j/=/dʒ/,/t/+/j/=/tʃ/ /s/+/j/=/ʃ/, /z/+/j/=/ʒ/ | Would you /I had your book./Did you know that? What did you think of that concert?  I will miss you/ The bus usually comes on time Is your homework done/Don’t raise your hand |
典型问题：老师这个句子太长了呀我只听他*&……%？就过去了啥也没听到？？ 针对目标人群：零基础，进阶 适用于：听力，阅读 使用方式：拾取关键词，完全抛弃除了核心词汇*之外的所有词汇及短语 1.名词（主语，宾语） 2.动词（谓语） 之后穿针引线，形成语义完整的句子。 预备：了解词性 1.核心词：名词，动词，形容词 2.功能词：除了核心词的都是功能词
逻辑是英文的生命 某种程度上来说，中文是一项高级语言。 高级到模糊. eg. 这个问题太复杂. 我解决不了。 This problem is so hard , I can’t figure it out. This problem is so hard, so I can’t figure it out. This problem is too complicated to be solved. 我喜欢很多水果。 苹果，香蕉，樱桃。 I like various fruits. Apple, banana, cherry. I like various fruits. Such as apple, banana and cherry. 所以，无论是口语还是写作，都要建立起超强的逻辑性。 反之亦然，可以利用逻辑连词，进行听力内容的判断和推测。
一般来说，英文句子一定是由如下结构构成的 1.Thesis Statement 2.Supportive statement/Explanation statement 3.Examples 如果开始是一个疑问句,那么答案一定会在回答的第一句话给出！精炼简洁。 第二句话则是其补充解释作用，完善逻辑。 最后会进行细节举例，支持前文。 所以，英文不会像中文一样，先讲条件，情况，过程，再讲结果。 而是开门见山，直入主题。
| 因果 | so, therefore, as a result, thus, because, for, as , since, due to |
| 解释 | in other words, that means, I mean, which means |
| 举例 | such as, like , for instance, for example, include, involve |
| 并列 | And,then, also, as well as, or, another, along with, anything else, is that all? |
| 增补 | Besides, in addition, what’s more,moreover |
| 转折 | But, however, while, whereas, all of sudden |
| 强调 | As a matter of fact, in fact, actually, in particular, especially, even, Do+Verb, cleft sentence, 倒装 |
影子跟读，指的是跟读者滞后一小段时间，像影子一样在源语后面进行复述。具体操作就是：当源语在读第二或者第三个单词时，跟读者开始跟读第一个单词，并尽量保证使用与源语完全相同的语速、语调、语气甚至音色。 *在进行影子跟读时一开始可能脑子里是没办法进行意思的复述的。 *影子跟读主要培养的是读英语的语调，语速的感觉。
| 对话Conversation | 把握QAR模式 Question Answer Response |
| 讲座型文章Lecture | 1.定义 2.例子 3.问题-回答 4.态度 |
准确掌握音标的重要性： 首先，很多英语母语国家的人，尤其是没有受过高等教育的人， 都不具备音标的使用能力。 英语国家的人对词汇和句型的掌握能力基本全部是通过模仿别人发音而获得的。 那你会问，那我学音标干嘛？？老外不会音标英语还不是说的飞起？ 事实是，通过像英语母语国家的人那样，通过把自己浸入纯语言环境中学习音标的 时间成本，其实远远大于通过学习音标来掌握正确发音的时间成本。 因此，学习音标很重要。音标是学习语言现象的基础。 我整理出了如下四张音标表，清楚的划分了其分类和典型特征，并且对英式音标和美式音标进行了对比标注，希望读者能了解其中区别。并懂得学习音标的四大要点：


Interacting with QML Objects from C++
All QML object types are QObject-derived types, whether they are internally implemented by the engine or defined by third-party sources. This means the QML engine can use the Qt Meta Object System to dynamically instantiate any QML object type and inspect the created objects.
This is useful for creating QML objects from C++ code, whether to display a QML object that can be visually rendered, or to integrate non-visual QML object data into a C++ application. Once a QML object is created, it can be inspected from C++ in order to read and write to properties, invoke methods and receive signal notifications.
Loading QML Objects from C++
A QML document can be loaded with QQmlComponent or QQuickView. QQmlComponent loads a QML document as a C++ object that can then be modified from C++ code. QQuickView also does this, but as QQuickView is a QWindow-derived class, the loaded object will also be rendered into a visual display; QQuickView is generally used to integrate a displayable QML object into an application's user interface.
For example, suppose there is a MyItem.qml
file that looks like this:
import QtQuick 2.0 Item { width: 100; height: 100 }
This QML document can be loaded with QQmlComponent or QQuickView with the following C++ code. Using a QQmlComponent requires calling QQmlComponent::create() to create a new instance of the component, while a QQuickView automatically creates an instance of the component, which is accessible via QQuickView::rootObject():
// Using QQmlComponent QQmlEngine engine; QQmlComponent component(&engine, QUrl::fromLocalFile("MyItem.qml")); QObject *object = component.create(); ... delete object; | // Using QQuickView QQuickView view; view.setSource(QUrl::fromLocalFile("MyItem.qml")); view.show(); QObject *object = view.rootObject(); |
This object
is the instance of the MyItem.qml
component that has been created. You can now modify the item's properties using QObject::setProperty() or QQmlProperty:
object->setProperty("width", 500); QQmlProperty(object, "width").write(500);
Alternatively, you can cast the object to its actual type and call methods with compile-time safety. In this case the base object of MyItem.qml
is an Item, which is defined by the QQuickItem class:
QQuickItem *item = qobject_cast<QQuickItem*>(object); item->setWidth(500);
You can also connect to any signals or call methods defined in the component using QMetaObject::invokeMethod() and QObject::connect(). See Invoking QML Methods and Connecting to QML Signals below for further details.
Accessing Loaded QML Objects by Object Name
QML components are essentially object trees with children that have siblings and their own children. Child objects of QML components can be located using the QObject::objectName property with QObject::findChild(). For example, if the root item in MyItem.qml
had a child Rectangle item:
import QtQuick 2.0 Item { width: 100; height: 100 Rectangle { anchors.fill: parent objectName: "rect" } }
The child could be located like this:
QObject *rect = object->findChild<QObject*>("rect"); if (rect) rect->setProperty("color", "red");
Note that an object may have multiple children with the same objectName
. For example, ListView creates multiple instances of its delegate, so if its delegate is declared with a particular objectName, the ListView will have multiple children with the same objectName
. In this case, QObject::findChildren() can be used to find all children with a matching objectName
.
Warning: While it is possible to use C++ to access and manipulate QML objects deep into the object tree, we recommend that you do not take this approach outside of application testing and prototyping. One strength of QML and C++ integration is the ability to implement the QML user interface separately from the C++ logic and dataset backend, and this strategy breaks if the C++ side reaches deep into the QML components to manipulate them directly. This would make it difficult to, for example, swap a QML view component for another view, if the new component was missing a required objectName
. It is better for the C++ implementation to know as little as possible about the QML user interface implementation and the composition of the QML object tree.
Accessing Members of a QML Object Type from C++
Properties
Any properties declared in a QML object are automatically accessible from C++. Given a QML item like this:
// MyItem.qml import QtQuick 2.0 Item { property int someNumber: 100 }
The value of the someNumber
property can be set and read using QQmlProperty, or QObject::setProperty() and QObject::property():
QQmlEngine engine; QQmlComponent component(&engine, "MyItem.qml"); QObject *object = component.create(); qDebug() << "Property value:" << QQmlProperty::read(object, "someNumber").toInt(); QQmlProperty::write(object, "someNumber", 5000); qDebug() << "Property value:" << object->property("someNumber").toInt(); object->setProperty("someNumber", 100);
You should always use QObject::setProperty(), QQmlProperty or QMetaProperty::write() to change a QML property value, to ensure the QML engine is made aware of the property change. For example, say you have a custom type PushButton
with a buttonText
property that internally reflects the value of a m_buttonText
member variable. Modifying the member variable directly like this is not a good idea:
//bad code QQmlComponent component(engine, "MyButton.qml"); PushButton *button = qobject_cast<PushButton*>(component.create()); button->m_buttonText = "Click me";
Since the value is changed directly, this bypasses Qt's meta-object system and the QML engine is not made aware of the property change. This means property bindings to buttonText
would not be updated, and any onButtonTextChanged
handlers would not be called.
Invoking QML Methods
All QML methods are exposed to the meta-object system and can be called from C++ using QMetaObject::invokeMethod(). Method parameters and return values passed from QML are always translated into QVariant values in C++.
Here is a C++ application that calls a QML method using QMetaObject::invokeMethod():
| QML | // MyItem.qml import QtQuick 2.0 Item { function myQmlFunction(msg) { console.log("Got message:", msg) return "some return value" } } |
| C++ | // main.cpp QQmlEngine engine; QQmlComponent component(&engine, "MyItem.qml"); QObject *object = component.create(); QVariant returnedValue; QVariant msg = "Hello from C++"; QMetaObject::invokeMethod(object, "myQmlFunction", Q_RETURN_ARG(QVariant, returnedValue), Q_ARG(QVariant, msg)); qDebug() << "QML function returned:" << returnedValue.toString(); delete object; |
Notice the Q_RETURN_ARG() and Q_ARG() arguments for QMetaObject::invokeMethod() must be specified as QVariant types, as this is the generic data type used for QML method parameters and return values.
Connecting to QML Signals
All QML signals are automatically available to C++, and can be connected to using QObject::connect() like any ordinary Qt C++ signal. In return, any C++ signal can be received by a QML object using signal handlers.
Here is a QML component with a signal named qmlSignal
that is emitted with a string-type parameter. This signal is connected to a C++ object's slot using QObject::connect(), so that the cppSlot()
method is called whenever the qmlSignal
is emitted:
// MyItem.qml import QtQuick 2.0 Item { id: item width: 100; height: 100 signal qmlSignal(string msg) MouseArea { anchors.fill: parent onClicked: item.qmlSignal("Hello from QML") } } |
class MyClass : public QObject { Q_OBJECT public slots: void cppSlot(const QString &msg) { qDebug() << "Called the C++ slot with message:" << msg; } }; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QGuiApplication app(argc, argv); QQuickView view(QUrl::fromLocalFile("MyItem.qml")); QObject *item = view.rootObject(); MyClass myClass; QObject::connect(item, SIGNAL(qmlSignal(QString)), &myClass, SLOT(cppSlot(QString))); view.show(); return app.exec(); } |
When a QML object type is used as a signal parameter, the parameter should use var as the type, and the value should be received in C++ using the QVariant type:
// MyItem.qml import QtQuick 2.0 Item { id: item width: 100; height: 100 signal qmlSignal(var anObject) MouseArea { anchors.fill: parent onClicked: item.qmlSignal(item) } } | class MyClass : public QObject { Q_OBJECT public slots: void cppSlot(const QVariant &v) { qDebug() << "Called the C++ slot with value:" << v; QQuickItem *item = qobject_cast<QQuickItem*>(v.value<QObject*>()); qDebug() << "Item dimensions:" << item->width() << item->height(); } }; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QApplication app(argc, argv); QQuickView view(QUrl::fromLocalFile("MyItem.qml")); QObject *item = view.rootObject(); MyClass myClass; QObject::connect(item, SIGNAL(qmlSignal(QVariant)), &myClass, SLOT(cppSlot(QVariant))); view.show(); return app.exec(); } |


played
won
lost
drawn
gf
ga
points
{{standing.team}}
{{standing.played}}
{{standing.won}}
{{standing.lost}}
{{standing.drawn}}
{{standing.gf}}
{{standing.ga}}
{{standing.pts}}
Your group standings according to your predictions


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---
layout: page
title: "Aerial Acrobatics"
teaser: "... where can I hang my rope?"
header:
image_fullwidth: "charge.jpg"
---
'Dark Winter' performance 2017
In Tempe, Arizona, I practiced with the wonderful crew of the Three Queens Circus.
In Fall 2017, we all worked our pants off to put together a small show for friends and family.
I dug out my most dark and creepy side, building my piece around a whitch character from an old Mexican song called 'La Bruja' (here, by Tlen Huicani):
Rope 'ambiance sequence'
With music from Blade Runner, to make it even slower!


| DOSE: |
|
insufflated |
Cocaine |
(powder / crystals) |
| |
|
smoked |
Crack |
(freebase) |
My drug history started like most kids, pot followed by the occasional trip on shrooms or acid. But, at some point, I stopped being like all of those other kids. Whatever the reason, I was unable to stop my experimentation with drugs, and eventually ended up addicted to cocaine.
After being kicked out of two treatments, enduring severe septum damage, and various other problems- I decided that powder cocaine was just not the best way to get high anymore. So, I smoked crack. The first time I smoked crack, I knew it was too good to be true. No longer did I have to worry about bloody noses, painfully numb teeth, or constant congestion- alas I had found my savior. Or, so I thought.
My very first hit of crack led to a period of addiction in which I lost nearly everything- including my life. Following a failed suicide attempt, I sank even further into a cycle of addiction. I began pawning my possesssions, and my family valuables. I started spending my days in roach infested crack houses, not knowing when the cops would end my 'party.'
Eventually, after I had nothing left to sell but my own body- I began prostituting myself to my dealer. Not long after that, he was arrested with over 16 kilos. I would have been in the car that day, and sometimes I think I should have been. For some reason, though, I am free today. Free from the confines of an enslaving, deceptive, and deadly addiction, that is.
Though I relapsed on crack as recent as ten days ago, I am finally beginning to accept, and move beyond the drug lifestyle which killed me in every way but the physical form. Though my experience has been excruciatingly painful to endure, I have learned a tremendous amount as a result. I wish I had listened to all the people who tried to tell me about the dangers of drugs, but I wanted to be 'cool.' Drugs may make you feel 'cool' for a short time, but eventually you become 'uncool' as a result.
As a caucasian girl of 18 years old, and an 'A' student throughout school, I never anticipated myself to be a 'crack whore.' It happened to me, though, just as it could happen to any other person who sucumbs to the temptations of drugs. Call me a crackhead if you like, but listen to my message. Far too many of us have learned about the drugs the hard way, please don't make the same mistake I did.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


International Rules Series to be played in 2020 and 2022
The GAA has confirmed matches in Ireland and Australia.
by Ben BlakeTHE INTERNATIONAL RULES Series will return next year, it has been confirmed today.
The Cormac McAnallen Trophy was last contested in 2017, when Australia claimed wins over Ireland in Adelaide and Perth.
In a statement released by GAA, it was revealed that Ireland will host a two-test series in November 2020.
The provisional dates for the matches are Sunday, 15 November and Saturday, 21 November, while venues and throw-up times have yet to be released.
2022 will then see two more games played in Australia.
“We are pleased to announce the return of the International Rules Series in 2020 and look forward to re-connecting with our friends and colleagues in the AFL, both on and off the field,” GAA Director General Tom Ryan said.
The series offers our players the chance to wear the green jersey and represent Ireland and it also provides them with an opportunity to pit themselves against the best from another code while showcasing the best skills of Gaelic football.”
AFL General Manager Football Operations Steve Hocking added: “We want to take the best of the best to the two-Test series in Ireland next year and our All-Australian players will be the first players selected.
“The IRS tests allows players from both codes the only opportunity to represent their countries and have traditionally been great contests that have showcased their athleticism.
“We saw in 2017 two high standard matches that drew great attendances. I look forward to the rivalry continuing when the test series returns next year.”


Introduction to Plays
Developing a business case is an iterative process. You may start with a clear idea of how you think the problem can be solved, only to discover there are better alternatives through collecting evidence and exploring options. The policy environment may also change, which could be outside of your control, leading to new issues, and new solutions. A new technology or product might offer innovative opportunities to resolve the problem.
These ten actions (called Plays) describe the essential processes, components and actions of developing a business case to support investment in digital transformation and new ICT capability.
The Plays will help you describe the value your proposal brings to the users of your service, and its broader economic, social and policy benefits.
The Establish your team, Engage your sponsors, and Scope the preliminary work Plays set the foundations for your work. They will help you establish your team, plan your approach, and engage with the senior people responsible for sponsoring the business case.
The Understand the problem, Engage stakeholders early and often and Explore options Plays will help you undertake discovery - define the problem in context and understand what change would look like for your users and stakeholders.
The Define options and Select your preferred solution Plays help you develop and test practicable solutions to the problem.
The Draft the business case Play will help you make a convincing argument and plan for change.
The final Play Review and refresh provides advice on how to stay on track after your business case is approved.


Joining the digital skills training program, practice, research and development, the entire course runs for 6 weeks to include real-time assignment-based projects designed to broaden your development within our R&D. Gain unrivalled hands-on learning experience and work on exciting projects with industry experts.
Learn moreWe advance Digital and technology Research at every phase of a project life cycle. Gain professional work experience and exposure using real-time case studies. We also educate, guide, train, recruit and provide opportunities to work and participate in our advisory services. Easily add research work and experience to your professional and career development pathway.
Find out moreCurrently, business and digital innovation are inextricably linked, and the demand for technology-enabled digital transformation services are growing rapidly. With numerous trends towards increasingly mobile and virtual workforce, allowing organizations to strive, increase growth and global agility, TechTank is keen to help solve clients’ most complex issues by providing the required advisory services to public and private sectors on best practices to digital inclusion.
Explore possibilities


Hello
I am Samir,
I am a junior web developer , I work on design , Front-End and Back-End. I work with HTML , CSS , JavaScript , PHP , MySQL , Figma , Adobe XD , Git and GitHub.
I have also some experience with Python and its libraries like Numpy , SciPy and Panda. My interest in Python is mainly for Data Analytics and Data Science.
I am also a geologist with two master degrees in Geology and five years of experiences as a geology teacher.
Web development , Design and Data Analytics
I design and build modern and stylish websites , I work with Front-end,back-end and I also work with Python
Web Development
I work as Front-End and Back-End developer.
Design
I work on Design as well using Figma and Adobe XD
Data Analytics
I work with Python and its library for Data Analytics and Data Science
PROJECTS
these are some of my recent projects
SM for electronic services
The project is build a website for electronic services. I have used HTML, CSS , flexbox grid , Git and Github
View CodeHYH online courses
The project is build a website for online courses about web development , data science and data analytics . I have used HTML, CSS , flexbox grid , Git and Github
View CodePortfolio
The project is build a portfolio . I have used HTML, CSS , Javascript , Git and Github
View CodeGet In Touch
You can find me on GitHub, Linkedin and Research Gate .Looking forward to see you!


This option will auto-fill every workday (M-F), starting from 8 AM - 4:30 PM, with 30 min breaks.
This option will auto-adjust the end times based on an 8-hr workday, with 30 min breaks.


Before starting at Dev Bootcamp, students must explore their thinking styles to gain a better understanding of how they learn. In order to do this, students must take a quiz that will provide insight on their thinking style. After taking this quiz I learned that my thinking style is predominately Concrete Sequential. These thinking styles were developed by Anthony F. Gregorc, Ph. D.
As a Concrete Sequential learner, I learn best when I have a structured environment. I also process information in a sequential and logical order. At times, my learning and thinking styles have been in conflict with phase 0 at DBC. I'm not suggesting that phase 0 is unorganized or unstructured. However, the program is not a set up as a typical learning environment. We don't have lectures and tests. What we have is more of a self-guided learning curriculum. At times this has been challenging for me as I like being in a structured environment.
In order to help me adjust to this new learning style there are a couple of things I need to do. The first is creating my own structure within the program. I have been trying to create a routine every week that will allow me to feel more comfortable while I am learning. The other thing I have been trying to do is use learning strategies that I am weakest at. My theory is that if I practice using my weakest learning strategies, I will strengthen those muscles.
I think the best way to strengthen my weakest learning styles is to expose myself to new situations. Starting at DBC has done just that. I am in an environment that is not the most structured. Three weeks in and I feel like am starting to adapt more to the program. I need to continue to push myself outside my comfort zone though. One of the things I was most worried about in starting DBC was pair programming. With my learning style, I don't do best when working in a group. By exposing myself to pair programming, I have become better at it and have come to enjoy it. I see it as an opportunity to teach and learn new at the same time.


|
Facial Recognition
UsePCAtoperformfacialrecognition
|
File containing common linear algebra functions. More...
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <assert.h>
Go to the source code of this file.
Classes | |
| struct | _vector |
| represents a vector padding is to make sure that matrix and vector both have the same byte size and allignment between matrix and vector they are able to be casted into one another More... | |
| struct | _matrix |
| represents a matrix between matrix and vector they are able to be casted into one another More... | |
Macros | |
| #define | MAT(m, x, y) (m->data[(x * m->col) + y]) |
| macro for element access in a matrix struct | |
| #define | VEC(v, x) (v->data[x]) |
| macro for element access in a vector struct | |
Typedefs | |
| typedef struct _vector | vector |
| represents a vector padding is to make sure that matrix and vector both have the same byte size and allignment between matrix and vector they are able to be casted into one another | |
| typedef struct _matrix | matrix |
| represents a matrix between matrix and vector they are able to be casted into one another | |
Functions | |
| vector * | vector_create (size_t size) |
| Creates a vector this function will malloc the exact space for the required dimensions. More... | |
| matrix * | matrix_create (size_t row, size_t col) |
| Creates a matrix this function will malloc the exact space for the required dimensions. More... | |
| matrix * | vec_to_mat (vector *vec, int orientation) |
| Converts vector into matrix this function will "cast" the vector into a matrix by using the fact that they both have the same size. when calling this function, calling free() on the matrix will free the vector and vice versa. More... | |
| vector * | mat_to_vec (matrix *mat) |
| Converts matrix into vector this function will "cast" the matrix into a vector by using the fact that they both have the same size. when calling this function, calling free() on the vector will free the matrix and vice versa. the input matrix can only be a matrix with dimensions 1 X N (a row matrix) More... | |
| void | matrix_reshape (matrix *mat, size_t row, size_t col) |
| Reshapes the matrix this function will reshape the matrix in constant time. More... | |
| double | dot_product (const double *left, const double *right, int length) |
| Performs dot product on two double* this function will malloc for the user a double arrays must be of same size. More... | |
| vector * | vecscalar_multiply (const vector *vec, const double scalar) |
| Performs scalar multiplication of a vector this function will malloc for the user a vector*. More... | |
| vector * | vecscalar_divide (const vector *vec, const double scalar) |
| Performs scalar division of a vector this function will malloc for the user a vector*. More... | |
| vector * | vecmat_multiply (const vector *vec, const matrix *mat) |
| Performs vector matrix multiplication this function will malloc for the user a vector* if the vector is of size M and the matrix size M by N, the resulting column vector will be of size N. More... | |
| vector * | matvec_multiply (const matrix *mat, const vector *vec) |
| Performs matrix vector multiplication this function will malloc for the user a vector* if the matrix is of size M by N and the vector N, the resulting row vector will be of size M. More... | |
| void | mat_print (const matrix *mat) |
| prints the matrix this function will not modify the matrix and print to stdout More... | |
| void | vec_print (const vector *vec) |
| prints the vector this function will not modify the vector and print to stdout More... | |
| matrix * | matmat_multiply (const matrix *left, const matrix *right) |
| Performs standard matrix multiplication this function will malloc for the user a matrix*. More... | |
| matrix * | matmat_addition (const matrix *left, const matrix *right) |
| Performs standard matrix addition this function will malloc for the user a matrix*. More... | |
| matrix * | matmat_subtraction (const matrix *left, const matrix *right) |
| Performs standard matrix subtration this function will malloc for the user a matrix*. More... | |
| matrix * | matscalar_multiply (const matrix *mat, const double scalar) |
| Performs scalar multiplication of a matrix this function will malloc for the user a matrix*. More... | |
| matrix * | matscalar_divide (const matrix *mat, const double scalar) |
| Performs scalar division of a matrix this function will malloc for the user a matrix*. More... | |
| matrix * | mat_transpose (const matrix *mat) |
| Performs matrix transpose this function will malloc for the user a matrix*. More... | |
| void | vec_append (vector **vec_a, vector *vec_b) |
| Appends vector b to vector a this function will realloc for the user vector a and free vector b. More... | |
| void | eigen (int N, double a[], int it_max, double v[], double d[], int *it_num, int *rot_num) |
| Performs Jacobi eigenvalue iteration this function will required the user to pass in non-null it_num and rot_num it does not malloc but rather requires the caller to malloc space for it. More... | |
| void | mat_identity (int n, double a[]) |
| modifies a matrix to be the identity matrix of size n More... | |
| void | diag_vector (int n, double a[], double v[]) |
| gets the diagonal entries More... | |
| double | frobenius_norm (int n, int k, double a[], double x[], double lambda[]) |
| computes the Frobenius norm in a right eigensystem More... | |
| matrix * | covmat (matrix *mat) |
| computes the variance covariance matrix More... | |
| vector * | compute_average (matrix *images, int num_images) |
| computes the average matrix of all the *vector images More... | |
File containing common linear algebra functions.
Minhyuk Park
computes the average matrix of all the *vector images
| images | matrix* a matrix where each column represents an image |
| num_images | int number of images in the vector |
References MAT, _matrix::row, _vector::size, VEC, and vector_create().
computes the variance covariance matrix
| mat | a matrix* representing the input matrix of deviation scores of size n by k |
References mat_transpose(), matmat_multiply(), matscalar_divide(), and _matrix::row.
| void diag_vector | ( | int | n, |
| double | a[], | ||
| double | v[] | ||
| ) |
gets the diagonal entries
| n | int the dimension |
| a[] | double[] input the matrix, N by N |
| v[] | double[] output the diagonal entries, N |
Referenced by eigen().
| double dot_product | ( | const double * | left, |
| const double * | right, | ||
| int | length | ||
| ) |
Performs dot product on two double* this function will malloc for the user a double arrays must be of same size.
| left | const double* the first vector |
| right | const double* the second vector |
| length | int the size of the vectors |
Referenced by matvec_multiply().
| void eigen | ( | int | N, |
| double | a[], | ||
| int | it_max, | ||
| double | v[], | ||
| double | d[], | ||
| int * | it_num, | ||
| int * | rot_num | ||
| ) |
Performs Jacobi eigenvalue iteration this function will required the user to pass in non-null it_num and rot_num it does not malloc but rather requires the caller to malloc space for it.
| N | int the dimiension of the input matrix a, which is a N by N matrix |
| a[] | double[] the input matrix which has to be square, real, and symmetric |
| it_max | int maximum number of iterations to stop at |
| v[] | double[]output matrix of eigenvectors, which is a N by N matrix |
| d[] | double[] output matrix of eigenvalues, in descending order |
| it_num | int* output total number of iterations |
| rot_num | int* output total number of rotations |
References diag_vector(), and mat_identity().
| double frobenius_norm | ( | int | n, |
| int | k, | ||
| double | a[], | ||
| double | x[], | ||
| double | lambda[] | ||
| ) |
computes the Frobenius norm in a right eigensystem
| n | int the dimension of the matrix |
| k | int the number of eigen vectors |
| a[] | double[] input matrix of size n by n |
| x[] | double[] input vector of eigenvectors of size k |
| lamdba[] | double[] input vector of eigen values |
| void mat_identity | ( | int | n, |
| double | a[] | ||
| ) |
modifies a matrix to be the identity matrix of size n
| n | int the dimension |
| a[] | double output identity matrix |
Referenced by eigen().
| void mat_print | ( | const matrix * | mat | ) |
prints the matrix this function will not modify the matrix and print to stdout
| mat | const matrix* the matrix to be printed |
References _matrix::col, MAT, and _matrix::row.
Converts matrix into vector this function will "cast" the matrix into a vector by using the fact that they both have the same size. when calling this function, calling free() on the vector will free the matrix and vice versa. the input matrix can only be a matrix with dimensions 1 X N (a row matrix)
| mat | matrix* to be converted in terms of the newly formed vector |
References _matrix::col, and _matrix::row.
Performs matrix transpose this function will malloc for the user a matrix*.
| mat | const matrix* the matrix to be transposed |
References _matrix::col, MAT, matrix_create(), and _matrix::row.
Referenced by covmat().
Performs standard matrix addition this function will malloc for the user a matrix*.
| left | const matrix* the matrix to be added to |
| right | const matrix* the matrix to be added |
References _matrix::col, MAT, matrix_create(), and _matrix::row.
Performs standard matrix multiplication this function will malloc for the user a matrix*.
| left | const matrix* the matrix to be multiplied to |
| right | const matrix* the matrix to be multiplied |
References _matrix::col, MAT, matrix_create(), and _matrix::row.
Referenced by covmat().
Performs standard matrix subtration this function will malloc for the user a matrix*.
| left | const matrix* the matrix to be subtracted from |
| right | const matrix* the matrix to be subtrated |
References _matrix::col, MAT, matrix_create(), and _matrix::row.
| matrix* matrix_create | ( | size_t | row, |
| size_t | col | ||
| ) |
Creates a matrix this function will malloc the exact space for the required dimensions.
| row | size_t the desired number of rows in the matrix |
| col | size_t the desired number of columns in the matrix |
References _matrix::col, and _matrix::row.
Referenced by mat_transpose(), matmat_addition(), matmat_multiply(), matmat_subtraction(), and matscalar_multiply().
| void matrix_reshape | ( | matrix * | mat, |
| size_t | row, | ||
| size_t | col | ||
| ) |
Reshapes the matrix this function will reshape the matrix in constant time.
| mat | matrix* to be reshaped |
| row | size_t the new row |
| col | size_t the new column |
References _matrix::col, and _matrix::row.
Performs scalar division of a matrix this function will malloc for the user a matrix*.
| mat | const matrix* the input matrix |
| scalar | const double the input scalar |
References matscalar_multiply().
Referenced by covmat().
Performs scalar multiplication of a matrix this function will malloc for the user a matrix*.
| mat | const matrix* the input matrix |
| scalar | const double the input scalar |
References _matrix::col, MAT, matrix_create(), and _matrix::row.
Referenced by matscalar_divide().
Performs matrix vector multiplication this function will malloc for the user a vector* if the matrix is of size M by N and the vector N, the resulting row vector will be of size M.
| mat | const matrix* the input matrix |
| vec | const vector* the input vector |
References _matrix::col, _vector::data, _matrix::data, dot_product(), _vector::size, VEC, and vector_create().
Appends vector b to vector a this function will realloc for the user vector a and free vector b.
| vec_a | vector** the vector to be realloced |
| vec_b | vector* the vector to be appended and freed thereafter |
References _vector::data, _vector::size, and vector_create().
Referenced by tiff_stream_to_vec().
| void vec_print | ( | const vector * | vec | ) |
prints the vector this function will not modify the vector and print to stdout
| vec | const vector* the vector to be printed |
References _vector::data, and _vector::size.
Converts vector into matrix this function will "cast" the vector into a matrix by using the fact that they both have the same size. when calling this function, calling free() on the matrix will free the vector and vice versa.
| vec | vector* to be converted |
| orientation | int 1 is Row-wise and 0 is Column-wise in terms of the newly formed matrix |
References _vector::padding, and _vector::size.
Performs vector matrix multiplication this function will malloc for the user a vector* if the vector is of size M and the matrix size M by N, the resulting column vector will be of size N.
| vec | const vector* the input vector |
| mat | const matrix* the input matrix |
References _matrix::col, _vector::data, MAT, _matrix::row, _vector::size, VEC, and vector_create().
Performs scalar division of a vector this function will malloc for the user a vector*.
| vec | const vector* the input vector |
| scalar | const double the input scalar |
References vecscalar_multiply().
Performs scalar multiplication of a vector this function will malloc for the user a vector*.
| vec | const vector* the input vector |
| scalar | const double the input scalar |
References _vector::size, VEC, and vector_create().
Referenced by vecscalar_divide().
| vector* vector_create | ( | size_t | size | ) |
Creates a vector this function will malloc the exact space for the required dimensions.
| size | size_t the desired number of elements in the vecrtor |
References _vector::padding, and _vector::size.
Referenced by compute_average(), matvec_multiply(), tiff_to_vec(), vec_append(), vecmat_multiply(), and vecscalar_multiply().


Becoming Big¶
Here are your options when growing your codebase or scaling your application.
Read the Source.¶
Flask started in part to demonstrate how to build your own framework on top of existing well-used tools Werkzeug (WSGI) and Jinja (templating), and as it developed, it became useful to a wide audience. As you grow your codebase, don’t just use Flask – understand it. Read the source. Flask’s code is written to be read; it’s documentation published so you can use its internal APIs. Flask sticks to documented APIs in upstream libraries, and documents its internal utilities so that you can find the hook points needed for your project.
Hook. Extend.¶
The API docs are full of available overrides, hook points, and Signals. You can provide custom classes for things like the request and response objects. Dig deeper on the APIs you use, and look for the customizations which are available out of the box in a Flask release. Look for ways in which your project can be refactored into a collection of utilities and Flask extensions. Explore the many extensions in the community, and look for patterns to build your own extensions if you do not find the tools you need.
Subclass.¶
The Flask
class has many methods designed for subclassing. You
can quickly add or customize behavior by subclassing Flask
(see
the linked method docs) and using that subclass wherever you instantiate an
application class. This works well with Application Factories.
Wrap with middleware.¶
The Application Dispatching chapter shows in detail how to apply middleware. You can introduce WSGI middleware to wrap your Flask instances and introduce fixes and changes at the layer between your Flask application and your HTTP server. Werkzeug includes several middlewares.
Fork.¶
If none of the above options work, fork Flask. The majority of code of Flask is within Werkzeug and Jinja2. These libraries do the majority of the work. Flask is just the paste that glues those together. For every project there is the point where the underlying framework gets in the way (due to assumptions the original developers had). This is natural because if this would not be the case, the framework would be a very complex system to begin with which causes a steep learning curve and a lot of user frustration.
This is not unique to Flask. Many people use patched and modified versions of their framework to counter shortcomings. This idea is also reflected in the license of Flask. You don’t have to contribute any changes back if you decide to modify the framework.
The downside of forking is of course that Flask extensions will most likely break because the new framework has a different import name. Furthermore integrating upstream changes can be a complex process, depending on the number of changes. Because of that, forking should be the very last resort.
Scale like a pro.¶
For many web applications the complexity of the code is less an issue than the scaling for the number of users or data entries expected. Flask by itself is only limited in terms of scaling by your application code, the data store you want to use and the Python implementation and webserver you are running on.
Scaling well means for example that if you double the amount of servers you get about twice the performance. Scaling bad means that if you add a new server the application won’t perform any better or would not even support a second server.
There is only one limiting factor regarding scaling in Flask which are the context local proxies. They depend on context which in Flask is defined as being either a thread, process or greenlet. If your server uses some kind of concurrency that is not based on threads or greenlets, Flask will no longer be able to support these global proxies. However the majority of servers are using either threads, greenlets or separate processes to achieve concurrency which are all methods well supported by the underlying Werkzeug library.
Discuss with the community.¶
The Flask developers keep the framework accessible to users with codebases big and small. If you find an obstacle in your way, caused by Flask, don’t hesitate to contact the developers on the mailinglist or IRC channel. The best way for the Flask and Flask extension developers to improve the tools for larger applications is getting feedback from users.


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Russian airstrike destroys militant base in southern Idlib: video
by News DeskBEIRUT, LEBANON (8:00 P.M.) – The Russian Air Force carried out a powerful attack over the Idlib Governorate, as their warplanes targeted one of the bases belonging to the Turkish-backed National Liberation Front (NLF) in the town of Hass.


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WITNESS LIST Appropriations-S/C on General Government Committee (Subcommittee on Interim Charge # 2) February 12, 2002-9:00A Interim Charge #2 On: Batiste, John Paul (Tx Commission on Arts) Buie, Jim (Bond Review Board) Camp, Tom (Aircraft Pooling Board) Daniels, Jerry (Aircraft Pooling Board) Edwards, Kimberly (Tx Public Finance Authority) Harrison, Tom (Tx Ethics Commission) Hernandez, Ricardo (Tx Commission on Arts) Mallett, Paul (Commission on State Emergency Communications) Roberts, Wayne (Office of the Governor/Bond Review Board) Sahm, Robert (State Auditor's Office) Sandefer, Morris (Fire Fighter's Pension Commissioner) Turner, Dorothy (State Auditor's Office)


A triangle is a polygon with three edges and three vertices. It is one of the basic shapes in geometry. A triangle with vertices A, B, and C is denoted {\displaystyle \triangle ABC} \triangle ABC
We have three main types of triangles:
has all sides the same length. An equilateral triangle is also a regular polygon with all angles measuring 60°
has two sides of equal length.[note 1][2] An isosceles triangle also has two angles of the same measure, namely the angles opposite to the two sides of the same length; this fact is the content of the isosceles triangle theorem, which was known by Euclid.
Scalene Trianglehas all its sides of different lengths.[3] Equivalently, it has all angles of different measure.