|
|
new emon tx v3 not working properly. |
1 |
3 years 2 hours ago by webby |
3 years 2 hours ago by ukmoose |
|
|
New build with erratic RF ? |
9 |
5 years 3 weeks ago by robur |
4 years 19 weeks ago by stuart |
|
|
Negative values on Emoncms |
4 |
2 years 15 weeks ago by imarioscy |
1 year 16 weeks ago by joyrider3774 |
|
|
Negative values in kWh histogram |
0 |
3 years 4 weeks ago by Iain |
n/a |
|
|
Negative power when not generating |
3 |
3 years 20 weeks ago by Guest |
3 years 20 weeks ago by Robert Wall |
|
|
negative KWh |
2 |
43 weeks 2 days ago by gmaui |
42 weeks 6 days ago by gmaui |
|
|
need to launch external software from emoncms |
2 |
3 years 28 weeks ago by modenet |
3 years 26 weeks ago by modenet |
|
|
need language support : emon library public variables - RESOLVED |
2 |
4 years 38 weeks ago by Guest |
4 years 38 weeks ago by Robert Wall |
|
|
Need help with pulsed-based gas feed. |
0 |
42 weeks 5 days ago by MikeSims |
n/a |
|
|
Need help with logging to local emoncms instance |
2 |
1 year 32 weeks ago by baldockery |
1 year 31 weeks ago by pb66 |
|
|
Need help on project to monitor energy usage for each appliances and send it to internet |
3 |
5 years 19 weeks ago by Guest |
5 years 19 weeks ago by glyn.hudson |
|
|
Need help - Getting lost in all the information - want to get things working... |
11 |
44 weeks 1 day ago by ChristianZ |
42 weeks 2 days ago by ChristianZ |
|
|
NanodeRF static IP. |
6 |
5 years 18 weeks ago by Guest |
5 years 17 weeks ago by TrystanLea |
|
|
NanodeRF serial comms sensitivities |
2 |
2 years 30 weeks ago by Ruchir |
2 years 30 weeks ago by Ruchir |
|
|
NanodeRF communication with Emoncms |
11 |
2 years 50 weeks ago by Jordan-loe |
2 years 49 weeks ago by Patrice Diliakou |
|
|
Nanode RF SMT power connection |
2 |
4 years 12 weeks ago by markcarter10 |
4 years 12 weeks ago by markcarter10 |
|
|
Nanode not responding |
6 |
4 years 36 weeks ago by Guest |
4 years 36 weeks ago by glyn.hudson |
|
|
Nanode case and pulse reader |
4 |
5 years 21 weeks ago by Guest |
5 years 20 weeks ago by Guest |
|
|
Nanode - Where to purchase for USA? |
5 |
3 years 18 weeks ago by Guest |
3 years 18 weeks ago by Guest |
|
|
Nanode + RFM12B can't initialise |
7 |
5 years 28 weeks ago by Guest |
5 years 28 weeks ago by glyn.hudson |
|
|
n00b question?, Which settings USB2UART + EmonTX programming? programmer is not responding |
3 |
3 years 24 weeks ago by Wxll |
3 years 24 weeks ago by calypso_rae |
|
|
Mystic: Different readings in different rooms |
17 |
4 years 35 weeks ago by Guest |
4 years 30 weeks ago by Robert Wall |
|
|
mysqldump not working - missing data |
1 |
1 year 31 weeks ago by craigfryer |
1 year 31 weeks ago by pb66 |
|
|
MySQL Server Error |
8 |
3 years 32 weeks ago by Guest |
3 years 32 weeks ago by Jérôme |
|
|
Mysql fails on emonSD-17Jun2015.img |
0 |
1 year 10 weeks ago by musti |
n/a |
|
|
myheating resets packetgen interval |
2 |
3 years 2 weeks ago by arwed |
3 years 1 week ago by arwed |
|
|
Myelectric: USE TODAY 0.0kWh |
23 |
1 year 48 weeks ago by iridium |
1 year 43 weeks ago by Bruno |
|
|
My installation that does not fit with type1 or type2 |
6 |
2 years 39 weeks ago by AdrianGM |
2 years 38 weeks ago by AdrianGM |
|
|
My Electric not working |
1 |
1 year 9 weeks ago by theoiziruam |
1 year 9 weeks ago by Paul Reed |
|
|
My Apps ERROR: app.getconfig invalid response [solved] |
2 |
44 weeks 2 days ago by gmaui |
43 weeks 6 days ago by gmaui |
|
|
Multiple inputs same name |
2 |
1 year 27 weeks ago by Guest |
1 year 27 weeks ago by Guest |
|
|
Multiple emonHub_Interfacer on one Raspberry Pi? |
4 |
2 years 4 weeks ago by anjur |
2 years 4 weeks ago by anjur |
|
|
Multiple Circuits one CT and multiple emonTx to one emonBase? |
1 |
4 years 51 weeks ago by Guest |
4 years 51 weeks ago by glyn.hudson |
|
|
Multigraph timeout on Raspberry Pi |
3 |
1 year 38 weeks ago by tomrossi |
1 year 37 weeks ago by tomrossi |
|
|
Multigraph Problem |
2 |
1 year 43 weeks ago by Bruno |
1 year 43 weeks ago by Bruno |
|
|
MultiGraph is not showing correct data |
3 |
2 years 8 weeks ago by Guest |
2 years 8 weeks ago by Paul Reed |
|
|
Multigraph in v5 |
4 |
3 years 44 weeks ago by Paul Reed |
3 years 44 weeks ago by Paul Reed |
|
|
Multigraph by default on day, how to arrange this |
3 |
2 years 7 weeks ago by calberts |
2 years 7 weeks ago by Paul Reed |
|
|
Multi-core conductor current sensing |
10 |
1 year 6 weeks ago by lmagnan |
1 year 6 weeks ago by lmagnan |
|
|
MQTT to emonhub to (local) emoncms |
3 |
43 weeks 3 days ago by Peter Galbavy |
43 weeks 23 hours ago by Peter Galbavy |
|
|
MQTT input and output as text |
0 |
46 weeks 3 days ago by smitt1979 |
n/a |
|
|
Move local php data to mysql? |
3 |
48 weeks 6 days ago by Peter Galbavy |
48 weeks 5 days ago by Peter Galbavy |
|
|
Most of my Dashboards on Emoncms.org disappeared -- SOLVED |
1 |
46 weeks 4 days ago by Bra1n |
46 weeks 3 days ago by Bra1n |
|
|
Mosquitto / EmoncmsNode not running |
25 |
1 year 23 weeks ago by Dvbit |
1 year 20 weeks ago by Dvbit |
|
|
Monitoring Temp and Humidty of my Humidor - those the right parts ? |
1 |
2 years 5 weeks ago by endorm |
2 years 5 weeks ago by octagon |
|
|
Monitoring power consumption on large machinery |
1 |
3 years 37 weeks ago by Guest |
3 years 37 weeks ago by Robert Wall |
|
|
Monitoring Oil Usage |
7 |
3 years 10 weeks ago by Guest |
2 years 6 weeks ago by Ian Eagland |
|
|
monitoring AC voltage in the US |
10 |
4 years 37 weeks ago by Guest |
4 years 9 weeks ago by Robert Wall |
|
|
Monitoring a 0-10v signal using emonTx V3.4 [SOLVED] |
4 |
46 weeks 4 days ago by Bbaass_TMH |
44 weeks 5 days ago by Bbaass_TMH |
|
|
Monitoring 3-phase installation where uneven mains voltage decrease/increase can occur |
5 |
1 year 45 weeks ago by Bbaass_TMH |
1 year 45 weeks ago by pb66 |


Test Personas are a way of asserting expected behaviour of
access policies
and resources
that must be maintained whenever new changes are made. They are archetypes of users of the system, with identity
claims
that have particular values and are from particular
sources.
When you make a persona, you give it claims that make it like some category of real user in your system. You must
also specify what
resources
you expect the user to have access to.
If any future request to modify configuration (whether that be a change to a resource, policy, or anything else)
causes these expectations to be violated, the change will be denied until the expectations are updated.
Test personas are meant to help protect existing policies and resources from changes that might accidentally
grant erroneous access to data.


module Internet
Public Class Methods
compress(command)
click to toggle source
# File lib/internet.rb, line 35 def self.compress(command) match = command.match(/^(?:zip|archive|tar gzip|gzip tar|compress)\s+([^\s]+)(\s+(?:directory|dir|folder|path))?$/i) if match what_file = match[1].strip { :command => "cd #{ what_file }; tar -czvf #{ what_file }.tar.gz *", :explanation => "Compress the contents of #{ what_file } directory, outputting the compressed file to parent directory" } end end
download(command)
click to toggle source
# File lib/internet.rb, line 2 def self.download(command) match = command.match(/^download\s+([^\s]{3,})(?:\s+to\s+(.+))?$/i) if match where = match[1].strip output = match[2] output = output.strip if output { :command => "curl#{ output ? ' -o ' + output : ''} #{ where }".strip, :explanation => "Downloads the contents of the URL#{ output ? ' to ' + output : '' }." } end end
help()
click to toggle source
# File lib/internet.rb, line 63 def self.help commands = [] commands << { :category => "Internet", :description => 'Download files from \033[34minternet\033[0m, uncompress/compress them', :usage => ["- betty download http://www.mysite.com/something.tar.gz to something.tar.gz", "- betty uncompress something.tar.gz", "- betty unarchive something.tar.gz to somedir", "(You can use unzip, unarchive, untar, uncompress, and expand interchangeably.)", "- betty compress /path/to/dir"] } commands end
interpret(command)
click to toggle source
# File lib/internet.rb, line 48 def self.interpret(command) responses = [] download_command = self.download(command) responses << download_command if download_command uncompress_command = self.uncompress(command) responses << uncompress_command if uncompress_command compress_command = self.compress(command) responses << compress_command if compress_command responses end
uncompress(command)
click to toggle source
# File lib/internet.rb, line 17 def self.uncompress(command) match = command.match(/^(?:unzip|unarchive|untar|uncompress|expand)\s+([^\s]+)(?:\s+(?:to\s+)?(.+))?$/i) if match what_file = match[1].strip where = match[2] if where.nil? where = what_file.split(".").first end in_same_directory = where == '.' || where.downcase.match(/^((?:this|same)\s+)?(?:dir(?:ectory)|folder|path)?$/) { :command => "#{ in_same_directory ? '' : 'mkdir ' + where + ' && ' } tar -zxvf #{ what_file } #{ in_same_directory ? '' : '-C ' + where }".strip, :explanation => "Uncompresses the contents of the file #{ what_file }, outputting the contents to #{ in_same_directory ? 'this directory' : where }." } end end


Automate dorking faster and better.
Features
- Google Dorking
- Vendor Dorking
- Github Dorking
- Shodan Dorking
Installation
git clone https://github.com/nerrorsec/Google-Dorker
cd Google-Dorker
Usage
python3 nDorker.py -d example.com
--- layout: post title: "Google Dorker" subtitle: date: 2022-06-16 background: '/img/posts/2022-06-16-google-dorker/thumbnail.png' categories: [projects] ---
Automate dorking faster and better.
git clone https://github.com/nerrorsec/Google-Dorker
cd Google-Dorker
python3 nDorker.py -d example.com


I'm Jingyu, a RPI Senior studying Computer Science and Game Design.
Game is my way of self-expression. As a game developer I dedicate myself to creating expressive and innovative experience and make my players enjoy the most unique and beautiful art form in the world.


|
ALBUMS
|
|
CATEGORY
|
|
CATEGORY
|
|
SALE
|
|
|
Thank you for shopping at Slothpper
Hi, there! We've received your order and will take our sloth employees a looooooooooong time to pack it and ship it. You can expect to receive a shipping confirmation email in the next 2 years.
|
|
|
|
Order Number<PHONE_NUMBER>
Placed on March 3, 2020
|
|
|
|
Processing your order can take up to two years. We reserve the right to send you a different product if we run out of stock.
|
|
|
Order Total
Discount/ Offer
Shipping & Handling
Tax
Total
|
|
|
$216.00
($0.00)
$0.00
$0.00
$216.00
|
|
|
|
|
If you have questions about your order, please do not try to contact us. Our customer service team is taking a nap and cannot get to the phone.
We do not accept returns or offer refunds.
Thank you,
Slothpper
|
|
|
|
|


---
layout: post
title: 4/14 "progress"
date: '2014-04-14T22:10:00.003-06:00'
author: Jacob .
tags:
- progress-reports
- front-page
modified_time: '2014-04-14T22:24:56.004-06:00'
blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6400085873105072120.post-4028159768060303409
blogger_orig_url: http://www.svlark.com/2014/04/414-progress.html
---
No progress. Just paid
taxes. Sixty four days left.
How 'bout that haiku?


Chiefs Fall, Sundowns Book Final Spot, 10 Images Of TKO Action
by Soccer LadumaThe stage has been set for the upcoming 2019 Telkom Knockout final and Soccer Laduma takes a look at some images of the past weekend in action.
Mamelodi Sundowns were the first team to book their spot in the Telkom final after a 2-1 victory over Golden Arrows at the Sugar Ray Xulu stadium on Saturday afternoon.
Read more: City Confirm Progress Of One More Midfielder
On Sunday, Kaizer Chiefs were made to eat some humble pie, as their unbeaten run came to an end this season, following a 2-1 loss to Maritzburg United at the Mbombela Stadium.
Now, Maritzburg will play hosts to Sundowns on December 14, when the two sides lock horns at the Moses Mabhida Stadium in the final of the competition.
This will be Maritzburg’s first Telkom Knockout final, while Sundowns have last won the competition in the 2015/16 campaign.
Download The Soccer Laduma Social Media App & Earn Airtime for Selfies!


Intro
API
Binding
Simple Request
Widgets
Components
Exports
Minimal Cube
Cube
Charts
Scorecard
Tree Report
XSLT Library


The Product
We will setup a private Minecraft server (Endobox) for your child to play in a safe place with just them and their friends. We also provide tools and workflows to help you onboard your child’s friends and their parents and to help you form a parent group that supports their online activity
Included:
Setup and hosting of a private cloud based Minecraft
server.
Hands on support from Endobox team.
Parent back
channel
Setup guidance including server vision, goals and rules as well as
assistance to invite and welcome other parents & their child into the game
world.
Minecraft worlds including welcome room, creative world, survival world
Access to various Minecraft mini-games as applicable from time-to-time.
Endobox Minecraft server includes:
Default blocking of all external users except those specifically authorised
by you (approved friends)
Admin powers for you as the server host enabling you to
kick/block/manage other players.
Ability to view your child's creations live (in-game)
[Requires a Minecraft account]
Alpha Customers (bonus for early sign-ups)
Personalised support in setting up your Endobox server, as well as assistance
in inviting additional parents with their children, to ensure everyone has a good experience
together.
Ability to give early feedback and shape the direction of the
offering.
Access to our Minecraft expert to get your child’s world setup, so they really
love the offering.
Access to special events and parenting resources.
Pricing
Endbox Server Subscription
$20/month
Endobox Simple Terms
30 August 2019
Your General
Responsibilities
Endobox Simple Terms
Last updated: 30 August 2019
You agree to collaborate with other parents in good faith in
administering the Server Operating Principles.
When accessing an Endobox system you
agree that you and children under your care will abide by the server goals/vision/values and rules,
collectively “Server Operating Principles”
You agree to create a safe and fun place for
yourself, other carers and any children present on the server.
Children accessing an
Endobox server remain under your care and you are responsible for the conduct of children under your
care.
While Endobox provides tools to assist with parental supervision, you agree that
you will adequately supervise your children when they are using the Endobox service.
You agree to the following:
The Service
Endobox is a set of cultural and technological tools for online
collaborative game play.
You are engaging in a licence with Deming Factor PTY Ltd to use the
Endobox Service.
Limitations of the service
Use of the service is at your own risk
and we can’t guarantee that you nor your child will never have a negative experience using Endobox.
You acknowledge that this is a tool for minimising and managing negative experience that
can happen online and we do not claim to eliminate all negative online experiences in your
child's online journey.
Disclaimers
Endobox is an independent service and is
not directly affiliated with or endorsed by Minecraft or Microsoft.
The service is
provided as is and is subject to change from time to time.
Alpha Testers
The
Alpha version of the project has the following risks:
The alpha version of the service provides
extra supervision from parents as not all desired core feature will initially be available.
Payment
Endobox is provided as a subscription service.
If your account becomes overdue we reserve the right to suspend access. During the suspended period
users will not be
able to access the Endobox service.
Termination of the service
You can cancel your subscription at any time with 30 days notice.
After 7 days of cancellation other users of your server will be advised that the server has 21 days
remaining online. We
reserve the right to offer other approved users within your server the opportunity to take over the
hosting role and
payment obligations for the account.
You Endobox service and world will become inaccessible after 30 days of cancellation.
The service can be restored for up to 182 days.
We reserve the right to cancel your service immediately, without refund, if you breach the terms of
service. We have the
right to remove other users on your server from the service if at our discretion we believe they are
not abiding by the
terms of service.
If your account remains overdue for over 60 days we reserve the right to take your server offline
and also to delete
your account.
Changes
We reserve the right to change these terms from time to time. The latest version of these rules will
be available via
endobox.net/terms. Contact us directly if you have any concerns.


Checkout
Formulaire bien remplie !
Vintage Backbag
$
54.99
$
94.99
-
+
Levi Shoes
$
74.99
$
124.99
-
+
Shipping
Total
Contact information
E-mail
email
Phone
call
Shipping address
Full name
account_circle
Address
home
City
location_city
Country
location_city
Postal code
apartment
Save this information for next time


Water Vapour
| Water Vapour | ||
|---|---|---|
|
|
||
| Info | ||
|
Water evaporates from land and sea and falls as rain or snow. As a consequence of the prevailing climate in any place, the quantity retained in the atmosphere as water vapor differs significantly in just hours and days. |
||
|
Using latest NASA satellite information, scientists have estimated the heat-trapping impact of water in the atmosphere more accurately than ever, validating the gas's position as a critical element of climate change. |
Why Water Vapour?
Water vapor is the atmosphere's most plentiful greenhouse gas. Water vapor is also an efficient greenhouse gas as it absorbs and radiates long-wave radiation back to the ground, thus contributing to warming. However, water vapor remains in the atmosphere for a much shorter period of time compared to other greenhouse gases. Water vapor will usually remain in the atmosphere for days (before precipitation) while other greenhouse gasses, such as carbon dioxide or methane, will remain in the atmosphere for a much longer period of time (ranging from years to centuries), thus contributing to long-term warming. Human activities do not directly add to water vapour in the atmosphere, however as the climate warms, air temperatures increase, more water and soil evaporation happens, which increases the humidity content of the atmosphere. Therefore, the rise in atmospheric water vapor contributes to warming even more and increases the greenhouse effect.
Below: 3D model of condensation on a glass of water by Nicholas Russell
What has been done to limit water vapour?
By reducing water vapor you have less long-wave radiation coming back down to warm the troposphere. However, as human intervention cannot control water vapor as it is merely a result of its surroundings, scientists must concentrate on what initially causes air temperatures to increase. Heat from other greenhouse gases causes atmospheric warming, leading to an increase in water evaporation and compounding the greenhouse effect. Therefore, limiting the other greenhouse gases is the best fix for limiting water vapour.


PICKER BOT
Problem:
High Labour
scarcity
Our Solution:
We are developing an equipment to pick
the cotton using the AI.
How it works?
Navigated
by human
Automatically
detects the cotton and pick
the cotton.
Benefits:
No need to
run for labour.Easy
to Operate.Wastage of cotton is reduced that ensures the
increased profit of sales.Can be used on the day after
raining when human cannot walk and pick the cotton from the plant
because the field will be wet and difficult to walk.
Will be soon available in market


Deluxe Rooms are outfitted with your choice of two queen beds or one king bed, flatscreen TV, separate shower and bath, and marble countertops. Sinfully stunning views and beautiful accommodations take relaxation to its peak.
Elegant and contemporary in design, the Premier Room is generously spacious at 377ft2 (35m2) and well equipped, featuring a 40" LED/HD TV with comprehensive Cable TV Channels, a large writing desk and wifi access.
After a busy day of fun filled kids' activities retire to our spacious family rooms which are suitable for two adults and two children. In addition we have 20 interconnecting family rooms which are suitable for families of three children and more. We are delighted to supply travel cots for the tiny tots please advise us of such requirements at time of booking.


Three.js Textures: Bump-Mapping
Drag the mouse to rotate the scene
Drag the slider to scale.
rotation: 0,0,0
scale: 1
Use these controls to change properties
Texture
Bumpiness


# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.
#
# This is a modified copy of
# https://github.com/openannotation/annotator/blob/v1.2.x/src/xpath.coffee
$ = require('jquery')
# A simple XPath evaluator using jQuery which can evaluate queries of
simpleXPathJQuery = (relativeRoot) ->
jq = this.map ->
path = ''
elem = this
while elem?.nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE and elem isnt relativeRoot
tagName = elem.tagName.replace(":", "\\:")
idx = $(elem.parentNode).children(tagName).index(elem) + 1
idx = "[#{idx}]"
path = "/" + elem.tagName.toLowerCase() + idx + path
elem = elem.parentNode
path
jq.get()
# A simple XPath evaluator using only standard DOM methods which can
# evaluate queries of the form /tag[index]/tag[index].
simpleXPathPure = (relativeRoot) ->
getPathSegment = (node) ->
name = getNodeName node
pos = getNodePosition node
"#{name}[#{pos}]"
rootNode = relativeRoot
getPathTo = (node) ->
xpath = '';
while node != rootNode
unless node?
throw new Error "Called getPathTo on a node which was not a descendant of @rootNode. " + rootNode
xpath = (getPathSegment node) + '/' + xpath
node = node.parentNode
xpath = '/' + xpath
xpath = xpath.replace /\/$/, ''
xpath
jq = this.map ->
path = getPathTo this
path
jq.get()
findChild = (node, type, index) ->
unless node.hasChildNodes()
throw new Error "XPath error: node has no children!"
children = node.childNodes
found = 0
for child in children
name = getNodeName child
if name is type
found += 1
if found is index
return child
throw new Error "XPath error: wanted child not found."
# Get the node name for use in generating an xpath expression.
getNodeName = (node) ->
nodeName = node.nodeName.toLowerCase()
switch nodeName
when "#text" then return "text()"
when "#comment" then return "comment()"
when "#cdata-section" then return "cdata-section()"
else return nodeName
# Get the index of the node as it appears in its parent's child list
getNodePosition = (node) ->
pos = 0
tmp = node
while tmp
if tmp.nodeName is node.nodeName
pos++
tmp = tmp.previousSibling
pos
module.exports = {
simpleXPathJQuery,
simpleXPathPure,
}
|


public interface Actor extends Policy
update(EnvironmentOutcome, double)
method. The interface also provides methods for telling the actor when
an episode starts and ends.| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
endEpisode()
This method is called whenever a learning episode terminates
|
void |
reset()
Used to reset any data that was created/modified during learning so that learning can be begin anew.
|
void |
startEpisode(State s)
This method is called whenever a new learning episode begins
|
void |
update(EnvironmentOutcome eo,
double critique)
Causes this object to update its behavior is response to a critique of its behavior.
|
action, actionProb, definedFor
void startEpisode(State s)
s
- the initial state of the new learning episodevoid endEpisode()
void update(EnvironmentOutcome eo, double critique)
eo
- the last transition of the environment.critique
- the critique of the agents behaviorvoid reset()
Copyright © 2019. All rights reserved.


Avocado Toast
Description:
- 4 slices whole-grain bread
- 1 avocado, halved and pitted
- 2 tablespoons chopped fresh parsley
- 1 ½ teaspoons extra-virgin olive oil
- ½ lemon, juiced
- ½ teaspoon salt
- ½ teaspoon ground black pepper
- ½ teaspoon onion powder
- ½ teaspoon garlic powder
Steps:
- Toast bread in a toaster or toaster oven.
-
Scoop avocado into a bowl. Add parsley, olive oil, lemon juice, salt,
pepper, onion powder, and garlic powder; mash together using a potato
masher. Spread avocado mixture into each piece of toast.


When it comes to talking about decisions!!
It also entails the use of syntax
But also abiding to the rules of syntax
The syntax rules are already laid out


Every public tree in Santa Monica is a civic resource. Public Tree Map documents information about each of the city's nearly 35,000 public park and street trees. Learn about the trees that make up our urban forest.
Nearly 1/3 of all trees in Santa Monica are owned by the city.
Public Tree Map will soon share information about the environmental benefits each tree provides — how many gallons of stormwater it intercepts, how many kilowatt-hours of energy it conserves, how many pounds of air pollutants it captures, and how many tons of carbon dioxide it removes from the atmosphere.
About | Share Feedback | Report a Missing Tree | Data Sources


Thank you for purchasing Aduca - Education HTML Template If you have any questions that are beyond the scope of this help file, please feel free to email, via my user page contact form or put a ticket at Support Center. Thank you so much!
We continue to add new things to make our template more beautiful and strong every day. You will be free to use all our updates.
Now, here's a look at a typical HTML file:
<!DOCTYPE html>   <title>Template</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

Hello, world!

I am a paragraph

To make this a Bootstrapped template, just include the appropriate CSS and JS files:
<!DOCTYPE html>   <title>Template</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">


1 / 10
Chinese cuisine is an important part of Chinese culture, which includes cuisine originating from the diverse regions of China, as well as from Chinese people in other parts of the world.
2 / 10
Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy. It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.
3 / 10
Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.
4 / 10
Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components and a spicy edge.
5 / 10
Vietnamese cuisine encompasses the foods and beverages of Vietnam, and features a combination of five fundamental tastes (Vietnamese: ngũ vị) in the overall meal.
❮
❯


Verif_reverseLinked lists in Verifiable C
Here is a little C program, reverse.c
#include <stddef.h> struct list {unsigned head; struct list *tail;}; struct list *reverse (struct list *p) { struct list *w, *t, *v; w = NULL; v = p; while (v) { t = v->tail; v->tail = w; w = v; v = t; } return w; }
Require Import VST.floyd.proofauto.
Require Import reverse.
Instance CompSpecs : compspecs. make_compspecs prog. Defined.
Definition Vprog : varspecs. mk_varspecs prog. Defined.
Require Import reverse.
Instance CompSpecs : compspecs. make_compspecs prog. Defined.
Definition Vprog : varspecs. mk_varspecs prog. Defined.
Inductive definition of linked lists
We will define a separation-logic predicate, listrep sigma p,
to describe the concept that the address p in
memory is a linked list that represents
the mathematical sequence sigma. Here, sigma is a list of val,
which is C's "value" type: integers, pointers, floats, etc.
Fixpoint listrep (sigma: list val) (p: val) : mpred :=
match sigma with
| h::hs ⇒
EX y:val,
data_at Tsh t_list (h,y) p * listrep hs y
| nil ⇒
!! (p = nullval) && emp
end.
match sigma with
| h::hs ⇒
EX y:val,
data_at Tsh t_list (h,y) p * listrep hs y
| nil ⇒
!! (p = nullval) && emp
end.
This says, if sigma has head h and tail hs, then
there is a cons cell at address p with components (h,y).
This cons cell is described by data_at Tsh t_list (h,y) p.
Separate from that, at address y, there is the representation
of the rest of the list, listrep hs y. The memory footprint
for listrep (h::hs) p contains the first cons cell at address p,
and the rest of the cons cells in the list starting at address y.
But if sigma is nil, then p is the null pointer,
and the memory footprint is empty (emp). The fact p=nullval is a pure proposition (Coq Prop); we inject this
into the assertion language (Coq mpred) using the !! operator.
Because !!P (for a proposition P) does not specify any footprint
(whether empty or otherwise), we do not use the separating conjunction
* to combine it with emp; !!P has no specification to separate
from. Instead, we use the ordinary conjunction &&.
Now, we want to prevent the simpl tactic from
automatically unfolding listrep. This is a
design choice that you might make differently,
in which case, leave out the Arguments command.
Hint databases for spatial operators
Lemma data_at_isptr_example1:
∀ (h y p : val) ,
data_at Tsh t_list (h,y) p |-- !! isptr p.
Proof.
intros.
∀ (h y p : val) ,
data_at Tsh t_list (h,y) p |-- !! isptr p.
Proof.
intros.

Qed.
Lemma data_at_isptr_example2:
∀ (h y p : val) ,
data_at Tsh t_list (h,y) p |-- !! isptr p.
Proof.
intros.
Qed.
Lemma data_at_isptr_example2:
∀ (h y p : val) ,
data_at Tsh t_list (h,y) p |-- !! isptr p.
Proof.
intros.
Let's look more closely at how entailer! solves this goal.
First, it finds all the pure propositions Prop that it can deduce from the
mpred conjuncts on the left-hand side, and puts them above the line.
saturate_local.
The saturate_local tactic uses a Hint database (also called saturate_local)
to look up the individual conjuncts on the left-hand side (this particular entailment
has just one conjunct).
Print HintDb saturate_local.
In this case, the new propositions above the line are labeled H and H0. Next, if the proof goal has just a proposition !!P on the right,
entailer! throws away the left-hand-side and tries to prove P.
(This is rather aggressive, and can sometimes lose information, that is,
sometimes entailer! will turn a provable goal into an unprovable goal.)
apply prop_right.
It happens that field_compatible _ _ p implies isptr p,
Check field_compatible_isptr.
(* : forall (t : type) (path : list gfield) (p : val),
field_compatible t path p -> isptr p *)
(* : forall (t : type) (path : list gfield) (p : val),
field_compatible t path p -> isptr p *)
So therefore, field_compatible_isptr solves the goal.
eapply field_compatible_isptr; eauto.
(* Now you have some insight into how entailer! works. *)
Qed.
(* Now you have some insight into how entailer! works. *)
Qed.
But when you define a new spatial predicate mpred such as listrep,
the saturate_local tactic does not know how to deduce Prop facts
from the listrep conjunct:
Lemma listrep_facts_example:
∀ sigma p,
listrep sigma p |-- !! (isptr p ∨ p=nullval).
Proof.
intros.
entailer!.
∀ sigma p,
listrep sigma p |-- !! (isptr p ∨ p=nullval).
Proof.
intros.
entailer!.
Here, entailer! threw away the left-hand-side and left an unprovable goal.
Let's see why.
Abort.
Lemma listrep_facts_example:
∀ sigma p,
listrep sigma p |-- !! (isptr p ∨ p=nullval).
Proof.
intros.
Lemma listrep_facts_example:
∀ sigma p,
listrep sigma p |-- !! (isptr p ∨ p=nullval).
Proof.
intros.
First entailer! would use saturate_local to see (from the Hint database)
what can be deduced from listrep sigma p.
saturate_local.
But saturate_local did not add anything above the line. That's because
there's no Hint in the Hint database for listrep.
Therefore we must add one. The conventional name for such a lemma
is f_local_facts, if your new predicate is named f.
Abort.
Lemma listrep_local_facts:
∀ sigma p,
listrep sigma p |--
!! (is_pointer_or_null p ∧ (p=nullval ↔ sigma=nil)).
Lemma listrep_local_facts:
∀ sigma p,
listrep sigma p |--
!! (is_pointer_or_null p ∧ (p=nullval ↔ sigma=nil)).
For each spatial predicate Definition f(_): mpred,
there should be one "local fact", a lemma of the form
f(_) |-- !! _. On the right hand side, put all the propositions
you can derive from f(_). In this case, we know:
- p is either a pointer or null (it's never Vundef, or Vfloat, or a nonzero Vint).
- p is null, if and only if sigma is nil.
Proof.
intros.
intros.
We will prove this entailment by induction on sigma
revert p; induction sigma; intros p.
- (** In the base case, sigma is nil. We can unfold the definition
of listrep to see what that means. *)
unfold listrep.
- (** In the base case, sigma is nil. We can unfold the definition
of listrep to see what that means. *)
unfold listrep.
Now we have an entailment with a proposition p=nullval on the left.
To move that proposition above the line, we could do Intros, but
it's easier just to call on entailer! to see how it can simplify (and perhaps
partially solve) this entailment goal:
entailer!.
(* The entailer! has left an ordinary proposition, which is easy to solve. *)
split; auto.
- (** In the inductive case, we can again unfold the definition
of listrep (a::sigma); but then it's good to fold listrep sigma.
Replace the semicolon ; with a period in the next line, to see why. *)
unfold listrep; fold listrep.
(* The entailer! has left an ordinary proposition, which is easy to solve. *)
split; auto.
- (** In the inductive case, we can again unfold the definition
of listrep (a::sigma); but then it's good to fold listrep sigma.
Replace the semicolon ; with a period in the next line, to see why. *)
unfold listrep; fold listrep.
Warning! Sometimes entailer! is too aggressive. If we use it here,
it will throw away the left-hand side because it doesn't understand how to look inside an
EXistential quantitier.
The exclamation point ! is a warning that entailer! can turn a provable
goal into an unprovable goal. The less aggressive version is without
the exclamation point: entailer.
entailer.
Notice that the existentially bound variable y has been moved above the line.
In general, should you use entailer! or entailer in ordinary proofs? Usually entailer! is best: it's
faster, and it does more work for you. Only if you
find that entailer! has gone into a dead end, should
you use entailer instead.
Now it is safe to use entailer!, because it understands both data_at and listrep.
entailer!.
Notice that entailer! has put several facts above the line:
field_compatible t_list [] p and value_fits t_list (a,y) come from the
saturate_local hint database, from the data_at conjunct; and
is_pointer_or_null y and y=nullval ↔ sigma=[] come from the
the listrep conjunct, using the induction hypothesis IHsigma.
Now, let's split the goal and take the two cases separately.
split; intro.
*
clear - H H2.
subst p.
*
clear - H H2.
subst p.
It happens that field_compatible _ _ p implies isptr p,
Check field_compatible_isptr.
(* : forall (t : type) (path : list gfield) (p : val),
field_compatible t path p -> isptr p *)
(* : forall (t : type) (path : list gfield) (p : val),
field_compatible t path p -> isptr p *)
The predicate isptr excludes the null pointer,
Print isptr.
(* = fun v : val => match v with Vptr _ _ => True | _ => False end *)
Print nullval.
(* = if Archi.ptr64 then Vlong Int64.zero else Vint Int.zero *)
(* = fun v : val => match v with Vptr _ _ => True | _ => False end *)
Print nullval.
(* = if Archi.ptr64 then Vlong Int64.zero else Vint Int.zero *)
Therefore H is a contradiction. We can proceed with,
Check field_compatible_nullval.
(* = forall (CS : compspecs) (t : type) (f : list gfield) (P : Type),
field_compatible t f nullval -> P *)
eapply field_compatible_nullval; eauto.
* (*The case a::sigma=[] → p=nullval is easy, by inversion: *)
inversion H2.
Qed.
(* = forall (CS : compspecs) (t : type) (f : list gfield) (P : Type),
field_compatible t f nullval -> P *)
eapply field_compatible_nullval; eauto.
* (*The case a::sigma=[] → p=nullval is easy, by inversion: *)
inversion H2.
Qed.
Now we add this lemma to the Hint database called saturate_local
Hint Resolve listrep_local_facts : saturate_local.
Valid pointers, and the valid_pointer Hint database
Lemma struct_list_valid_pointer_example:
∀ h y p,
data_at Tsh t_list (h,y) p |-- valid_pointer p.
Proof.
intros.
auto with valid_pointer.
Qed.
∀ h y p,
data_at Tsh t_list (h,y) p |-- valid_pointer p.
Proof.
intros.
auto with valid_pointer.
Qed.
However, the hint database does not know about user-defined
separation-logic predicates (mpred) such as listrep; for example:
Lemma listrep_valid_pointer_example:
∀ sigma p,
listrep sigma p |-- valid_pointer p.
Proof.
intros.
auto with valid_pointer.
∀ sigma p,
listrep sigma p |-- valid_pointer p.
Proof.
intros.
auto with valid_pointer.
Notice that auto with... did not solve the proof goal
Abort.
Therefore, we should prove the appropriate lemma, and add it to the
Hint database.
The main point is to unfold listrep.
Now we can prove it by case analysis on sigma; we don't even need
induction.
destruct sigma; simpl.
* (** The nil case is easy: *)
hint.
entailer!.
* (** The cons case *)
(** To get past the EXistential, use either Intros y or, *)
entailer!.
* (** The nil case is easy: *)
hint.
entailer!.
* (** The cons case *)
(** To get past the EXistential, use either Intros y or, *)
entailer!.
Now this solves using the Hint database valid_pointer, because the
data_at Tsh t_list (v,y) p on the left is enough to prove the goal.
auto with valid_pointer.
Qed.
Qed.
Now we add this lemma to the Hint database
Hint Resolve listrep_valid_pointer : valid_pointer.
Specification of the reverse function.
A funspec characterizes the precondition required for calling the function and the postcondition guaranteed by the function.
Definition reverse_spec : ident * funspec :=
DECLARE _reverse
WITH sigma : list val, p: val
PRE [ _p OF (tptr t_list) ]
PROP ()
LOCAL (temp _p p)
SEP (listrep sigma p)
POST [ (tptr t_list) ]
EX q:val,
PROP () LOCAL (temp ret_temp q)
SEP (listrep(rev sigma) q).
DECLARE _reverse
WITH sigma : list val, p: val
PRE [ _p OF (tptr t_list) ]
PROP ()
LOCAL (temp _p p)
SEP (listrep sigma p)
POST [ (tptr t_list) ]
EX q:val,
PROP () LOCAL (temp ret_temp q)
SEP (listrep(rev sigma) q).
- The WITH clause says, there is a value sigma: list val and a value p: val, visible in both the precondition and the postcondition.
- The PREcondition says,
- There is a single function-parameter named _p, whose C type is "pointer to struct list"
- LOCAL: The C local variable _p contains the Coq value p;
- SEP: in memory at address p there is a linked list representing sigma.
- The POSTcondition says,
- the function returns a value whose C type is "pointer to struct list"; and
- there exists a value q: val, such that
- LOCAL: the "return temporary", a pseudovariable holdingthe function's return value, holds the value q
- SEP: in memory at address q there is a linked list representing rev sigma.
Proof of the reverse function
The start_function tactic "opens up" a semax_body
proof goal into a Hoare triple.
start_function.
The semax judgment has four parts:
Notice that the precondition matches exactly the PRE clause of the
reverse_spec. The postcondition matches too, but it's hidden inside
an abbreviation. You can see the entire command and postcondition
by writing,
- Delta, a "type context" (tycontext) that contains information about the (C language) types of C variables, specifications (funspecs) of global functions, and so on.
- Precondition, in this example (PROP ( ) LOCAL (temp _p p) SEP (listrep sigma p))
- Command, in this example (_w = (tptr tvoid) (0); MORE_COMMANDS)
- Postcondition, in this example POSTCONDITION
subst POSTCONDITION MORE_COMMANDS; unfold abbreviate.
The command is what you would expect by reading the original C program.
The postcondition contains within it, the funspec's postcondition.
Normally we hide the command and postcondition inside these
abbreviations POSTCONDITION, MORE_COMMANDS because, in a proof
by forward symbolic execution, at any point we are immediately concerned
with just the precondition and the first command.
So therefore, let's put back the abbreviations
abbreviate_semax.
The first statement (command) in the function-body is the assignment
statement w=NULL;, where NULL is a C #define that exands to
"cast 0 to void-pointer", (void * )0, here ugly-printed as (tptr tvoid)(0).
To apply the separation-logic assignment rule to this command, simply
use the tactic forward :
forward. (* w = NULL; *)
The new semax judgment is for the rest of the function body after
the command w=NULL. The precondition of this semax is actually
the postcondition of the w=NULL statement. It's much like the
precondition of w=NULL, but contains the additional LOCAL fact,
temp _w (Vint (Int.repr 0)), that is, the local variable _w contains nullval.
We can view the Hoare-logic proof of this program as a "symbolic execution",
where the symbolic states are assertions. We can symbolically execute
the next command by saying forward again.
forward. (* v = p; *)
Examine the precondition, and notice that now we have the additional
fact, temp _v p.
We cannot the next step using forward ...
Fail forward.
... because the next command is a while loop.
To prove a while-loop, you must supply a loop invariant,
in this case (EX s1 PROP(...)LOCAL(...)(SEP(...)).
forward_while
(EX s1: list val, EX s2 : list val,
EX w: val, EX v: val,
PROP (sigma = rev s1 ++ s2)
LOCAL (temp _w w; temp _v v)
SEP (listrep s1 w; listrep s2 v)).
(EX s1: list val, EX s2 : list val,
EX w: val, EX v: val,
PROP (sigma = rev s1 ++ s2)
LOCAL (temp _w w; temp _v v)
SEP (listrep s1 w; listrep s2 v)).
The forward_while tactic leaves four subgoals,
which we mark with * (the Coq "bullet")
* (* Prove that (current) precondition implies the loop invariant *)
(** On the left-hand side of this entailment is the precondition
(that we had already established by forward symbolic execution to this
point) for the entire while-loop. On the right-hand side is the loop
invariant, that we just gave to the forward_while tactic. Because
the right_hand side has for existentials, a good proof strategy is to
choose values for them, using the Exists tactic. *)
Exists (@nil val) sigma nullval p.
(** On the left-hand side of this entailment is the precondition
(that we had already established by forward symbolic execution to this
point) for the entire while-loop. On the right-hand side is the loop
invariant, that we just gave to the forward_while tactic. Because
the right_hand side has for existentials, a good proof strategy is to
choose values for them, using the Exists tactic. *)
Exists (@nil val) sigma nullval p.
Now we have a quantifier-free proof goal; let us see whether entailer!
can solve some parts of it.
entailer!.
Indeed, the entailer! did a fine job. What's left is a property of our
user-defined listrep predicate: emp |-- listrep [] nullval.
Now that the user-defined predicate is unfolded, entailer! can solve
the residual entailment.
entailer!.
* (* Prove that loop invariant implies typechecking of loop condition *)
(** The second subgoal of forward_while is to prove that the loop-test
condition can execute without crashing. Consider, for example,
the C-language while loop, while (a[i]>0) ..., where the value of i
might exceed the bounds of the array. Then this would be a
"buffer overrun", and is "undefined behavior" ("stuck") in the C semantics.
We must prove that, given the current precondition (in this case,
the loop invariant), the loop test is not "undefined behavior."
This proof goal takes the form, current-precondition |-- tc_expr Delta e,
where e is the loop-test expression. You can pronounce tc_expr as
"type-check expression", since the Verifiable C type-checker ensures
that such expressions are safe (sometimes with a subgoal for you to prove).
Fortunately, in most cases the entailer! solves tc_expr goals
completely automatically: *)
entailer!.
* (* Prove that loop body preserves invariant *)
(** As usual in any Hoare logic (including Separation Logic), we need to prove
that the loop body preserves the loop invariant, more precisely,
- {Inv /\ Test} body {Inv}
where Test is the loop-test condition. Here, the loop-test condition
in the original C code is (v), and its manifestation above the line is
the hypothesis HRE: isptr v, meaning that v is a (non-null) pointer.
The loop invariant was EX s1:_, EX s2:_, EX w:_, EX v:_, ..., and here
all the existentially quantified variables on the left side of the entailment
have been moved above the line: s1, s2: val and w,v: val.
The PROP part of the loop invariant was sigma = rev s1 ++ s2, and
it has also been moved above the line, as hypothesis H.
So now we would like to do forward-symbolic execution through
the four assignment statements in the loop body. *)
Fail forward.
* (* Prove that loop invariant implies typechecking of loop condition *)
(** The second subgoal of forward_while is to prove that the loop-test
condition can execute without crashing. Consider, for example,
the C-language while loop, while (a[i]>0) ..., where the value of i
might exceed the bounds of the array. Then this would be a
"buffer overrun", and is "undefined behavior" ("stuck") in the C semantics.
We must prove that, given the current precondition (in this case,
the loop invariant), the loop test is not "undefined behavior."
This proof goal takes the form, current-precondition |-- tc_expr Delta e,
where e is the loop-test expression. You can pronounce tc_expr as
"type-check expression", since the Verifiable C type-checker ensures
that such expressions are safe (sometimes with a subgoal for you to prove).
Fortunately, in most cases the entailer! solves tc_expr goals
completely automatically: *)
entailer!.
* (* Prove that loop body preserves invariant *)
(** As usual in any Hoare logic (including Separation Logic), we need to prove
that the loop body preserves the loop invariant, more precisely,
- {Inv /\ Test} body {Inv}
where Test is the loop-test condition. Here, the loop-test condition
in the original C code is (v), and its manifestation above the line is
the hypothesis HRE: isptr v, meaning that v is a (non-null) pointer.
The loop invariant was EX s1:_, EX s2:_, EX w:_, EX v:_, ..., and here
all the existentially quantified variables on the left side of the entailment
have been moved above the line: s1, s2: val and w,v: val.
The PROP part of the loop invariant was sigma = rev s1 ++ s2, and
it has also been moved above the line, as hypothesis H.
So now we would like to do forward-symbolic execution through
the four assignment statements in the loop body. *)
Fail forward.
But we cannot go forward through t=v→tail; because that would
require a SEP conjunct in the precondition of the form
data_at sh t_list (_,_) v, and there is no such conjunct. Actually,
there is such a conjunct, but it is hiding inside listrep s2 v.
That is, there is such a conjunct as long as s2 is not nil.
Let's do case analysis on s2:
destruct s2 as [ | h r].
- (* s2=nil *)
(** Suppose s2=nil. If we unfold listrep . . . *)
unfold listrep at 2.
- (* s2=nil *)
(** Suppose s2=nil. If we unfold listrep . . . *)
unfold listrep at 2.
then we learn that v=nullval. To move this fact (or any proposition)
from the precondition to above-the-line, we use Intros:
Intros.
Now, above the line, we have v=nullval and isptr v; this is a contradiction.
subst. contradiction.
- (* s2=h::r *)
(** Suppose s2=h::r. We can unfold/fold the listrep conjunct for h::r;
if you don't remember why we do unfold/fold, then replace the semicolon
(between the fold and the unfold) with a period and see what happens. *)
unfold listrep at 2; fold listrep.
- (* s2=h::r *)
(** Suppose s2=h::r. We can unfold/fold the listrep conjunct for h::r;
if you don't remember why we do unfold/fold, then replace the semicolon
(between the fold and the unfold) with a period and see what happens. *)
unfold listrep at 2; fold listrep.
By the definition of listrep, at address v there must exist a value y
and a list cell containing (h,y). So let us move y above the line:
Intros y.
Now we have the appropriate SEP conjuncts to be able to go forward
through the loop body
forward. (* t = v->tail *)
forward. (* v->tail = w; *)
forward. (* w = v; *)
forward. (* v = t; *)
forward. (* v->tail = w; *)
forward. (* w = v; *)
forward. (* v = t; *)
At end of loop body; we must reestablish the loop invariant.
The left-hand-side of this entailment is the current assertion (after
the loop body); the right-hand side is simply our loop invariant.
(Unfortunately, the forward_while tactic has "uncurried" the existentials
into a single EX that binds a 4-tuple.)
Since the proof goal is a complicated-looking entailment, let's see
if entailer! can simplify it a bit:
entailer!.
Now, we can provide new values for s1,s2,w,v to instantiate the
four existentials; these are, respectively, h::s1,r,v,y.
Exists (h::s1,r,v,y).
Again, we have a complicated-looking entailment; we ask entailer!
to reduce it some more.
entailer!.
+ simpl. rewrite app_ass. auto.
+ unfold listrep at 3; fold listrep.
Exists w. entailer!.
* (* after the loop *)
(** As usual in any Hoare logic (including Separation Logic), the postcondition
of a while-loop is {Inv /\ not Test}, where Inv is the loop invariant
and Test is the loop test. Here, all the EXistentials and PROPs of the
loop invariant have been moved above the line as s1,s2,w,v,HRE,H.
We can always go forward through a return statement: *)
forward. (* return w; *)
+ simpl. rewrite app_ass. auto.
+ unfold listrep at 3; fold listrep.
Exists w. entailer!.
* (* after the loop *)
(** As usual in any Hoare logic (including Separation Logic), the postcondition
of a while-loop is {Inv /\ not Test}, where Inv is the loop invariant
and Test is the loop test. Here, all the EXistentials and PROPs of the
loop invariant have been moved above the line as s1,s2,w,v,HRE,H.
We can always go forward through a return statement: *)
forward. (* return w; *)
Now we must prove that the current assertion (after the while-loop)
entails the function postcondition. The left-hand side of this entailment
is what we had just before forward through the return;
the right-hand side is the postcondition of reverse_spec,
after the local variables (etc.) have been simplified away. We must
demonstrate a pointer q (here it's called x) that satisfies the various
conditions. Here it's easy to find x, since it's constrained to be
equal to w:
Exists w; entailer!.
rewrite (proj1 H1) by auto.
unfold listrep at 2; fold listrep.
entailer!.
rewrite <- app_nil_end, rev_involutive.
auto.
Qed.
rewrite (proj1 H1) by auto.
unfold listrep at 2; fold listrep.
entailer!.
rewrite <- app_nil_end, rev_involutive.
auto.
Qed.


Nuclear inspectors on ground after Iran says enriching at Fordow
VIENNA (Reuters) - U.N. nuclear inspectors are on the ground in Iran and will report back on relevant activities, an International Atomic Energy Agency spokesman said on Wednesday after Iran said it injected uranium gas into centrifuges at its Fordow site.
“We are aware of the media reports today related to Fordow. Agency inspectors are on the ground in Iran and they will report any relevant activities to IAEA headquarters in Vienna,” the spokesman said in a statement.
Iran’s nuclear deal with major powers does not allow enrichment at Fordow.


--- layout: post title: Festive Napery date: 2010-12-11 21:53:51.000000000 -05:00 categories: - Celebrations - Sewing tags: - Christmas - Festive season - Napkins - Table cloth - Table runner status: publish type: post published: true meta: _edit_last: '1' _wp_old_slug: '' author: login: cint email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Jacinta first_name: Jacinta last_name: '' ---
I have been crafting like a crazy woman! I managed to get a table cloth together with napkins and a table runner sewn up in an afternoon. I am so happy with the outcome. I know I wouldn't have been able to purchase anything I like as much in the stores. I love nostalgic festive fabric. I find bright red Santas, well, quite scary. Spotlight have 50% off Christmas fabrics at the moment. I went to town, so to speak and purchased all sorts of lovely prints. You will see more of them created into all sorts of goodies as we lead up to the festive season. I can't wait to share with you all my crafting madness.


XML Calabash Extension Steps
Table of Contents
- cx:collection-manager - Associate documents with a collection URI
- cx:css-formatter - Format a document using CSS
- cx:delta-xml - Run the DeltaXML comparitor
- cx:ditaa - Convert a “DIagrams Through ASCII Art” diagram into an image
- cx:eval - Evaluate a dynamically constructed pipeline
- cx:get-cookies - Get the cookies returned by the previous HTTP request
- cx:java-properties - Reads a Java properties file
- cx:message - Output a message each time a document is processed
- cx:metadata-extractor - Extract metadata from images
- cx:namespace-delete - Delete namespace declarations
- cx:plantuml - Convert an ASCII “PlantUML” diagram into an image
- cx:pretty-print - Reformat whitespace in a document
- cx:rdfa - Extract RDF triples from RDFa encoded documents
- cx:report-errors - Send error report to the user
- cx:send-mail - Sends an email message
- cx:set-cookies - Set cookies for subsequent HTTP requests
- cx:until-unchanged - Iterates to a fixed point
- cx:uri-info - Information about a URI
- cx:wait-for-update - Pause execution until a URI has changed
- cxu:compare - XML Unit comparison of two documents


# new design planning
### Iteration outline
* quick intro
> baltimore nodeschool is just getting off the ground. our first event is scheduled for sunday, may 4th at the digital harbor foundation in federal hill (complete with its very own PARKING LOT!). if you want to learn about node.js, or if you can come help others, [sign up to let us know you'll be there](http://ti.to/baltimorenodeschool/nodeschool)! if you need more info, keep reading...
* what is node, what is nodeschool
> node: javascript on the server. you can write the same javascript that powers jquery to edit and create and delete files, to make http servers, or do anything else a server-side scripting language like ruby, python, etc. can do
> nodeschool: a series of open-source command line workshops published on nodeschool.io meant to educate people on the basic concepts of node programming. you can do them on your own but it's better (and more funner) to do them as a part of a group at community events all over the world. and now we have our own event here in baltimore, and i think you should come.
* when is the event? sun may 4 from 1-5pm
* what do we need?
- Attendees: come and learn node, you need a laptop and a willingness to learn (def helps if you know javascript a little, but don't let that stop you!)
- Mentors: come and stand around until someone makes a confused and frustrated face, then help them
- Sponsors: we're set for our first event but if you'd like to sponsor a future nodeschool event, get in touch!
* Sponsorship block
> Message systems is p cool
* Link to ti.to registration
* Link to github discussions, PR for site
* Link to twitters


We at TheFinTip provide you with the best solutions for your Personal Portfolio Management with a fundamental and data driven approach which connects millions of data points to give you the best suggestions without any human bias.
Conservative, Moderate and Aggressive
Whatever current portfolio you have, we advise
Handpicked investment ideas by our team every month
For this quater, we have handpicked a few stocks that can see a upside of about 25% or more
| # | Stock | Sector | Cap | 1 Month return |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | J Kumar Infraprojects Ltd | Construction & Engineering | Small Cap | 13.07% |
| 2 | Dodla Dairy Ltd | FMCG - Foods | Small Cap | 10% |
| 3 | Rama Phosphates Ltd | Fertilizers | Small Cap | 46.75% |
To know more, please contact us below.
For any queries related to your current portfolio or Want us to design a portfolio for you?
Get in touch!!
F-3, Plot no. 276,Nirman Nagar AB
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>+91<PHONE_NUMBER>


A handler for this path couldn't be found. Make sure one is defined in your config.json
file for this path. If you already did, make sure the shouldHandle
function works if it's a custom handler and you restarted the server after making changes to your config. Note: on Glitch, you may need to make a change to a JS or JSON file in order for your server to be restarted. If you want to make this page plain text, you can set plaintextNotFound
to true in your config.


What is this?
 The map is a filter, You can
zoom in and move map around to only view events that occur on the map as you see it. Additionally, you can use the date sliders to further filter events.
Click on the big GCM in the top right view the GCM Homepage with more information.
Click on - above GCM to hide this drawer, Click again to open it.
Example Calendars:
- Geocaching (Spain)
- Tear Jerkers (Camping USA)
- Chad's Chicago: Summer Festivals and More
- A New York Track Club
- Collections (Bikes For The World)
- All calendars above at once! <--- NEW !!!
How do I make it Go?
First, make your calendar public (if it ain't your calendar, ask owner to do it).
- In the Google Calendar interface, locate "My Calendars" or "Other Calendars" lists on the left.
- Hover over desired calendar, and click the arrow the appears. A menu will appear.
- Click "Share this calendar"
- Check "Make this calendar public"
- Make sure "Share only my free/busy information" is unchecked.
- Click "Save"
Second, find your Calendar's ID
- In the Google Calendar interface, locate "My Calendars" or "Other Calendars" lists on the left.
- Hover over desired calendar, and click the arrow the appears. A menu will appear.
- Click "Calendar settings"
- Look at the "Calendar Address" section of the screen, near XML, ICAL, HTML icons.
- Copy string after "Calendar ID:" - it may be your email, or may look like<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- NOTE: the calendar ID can also be extracted from the XML Feed. For example<EMAIL_ADDRESS>is the id for this XML Feed:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Lastly, Paste the Google Calendar ID in the box above. Optionally add more Calendar IDs, separated by spaces. Click "Add Calendar" .. you're off!
.


if you wish to combine gift cards with another payment method, enter them here
| product information | qty | price | item total |
|---|
Please include any special instructions or comments here:
|
|
|
For higher security and more efficient processing of your payment, you must provide a card security code to make this purchase. For Visa, MasterCard and Discover the security code is the last section of numbers in the signature area on the back of the card. For American Express the security code is the 4-digit number found in small print next to your account number on the front, usually above it on the right.
|
|
|


Print Text to command prompt window (console)
New Concepts
- You can open a command prompt window in any directory
- We will use the directory: C:\blocklyPygame\projects
- Python can be run from a command prompt (windows-r, cmd)
- Python can write to the command prompt window
Code
This code will display "Hello World" in the console and then quit
This is the python code that is generated
Press on the PyGame Save button to download the python code to your computer
The name of the saved .py file should be hello.py
To run the .py file type:
python hello.py
In the command prompt window
Here is what the console looks like


{% extends "layout_task-list.html" %} {% block page_title %} Money Claims Prototype {% endblock %} {% block home_link %} ../task-list {% endblock %} {% block proposition_header %} {% set my_account="1" %} {% include "includes/propositional_navigation.html" %} {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% include "includes/phase_banner_beta.html" %} Back Is the business a franchise? A franchise is an individual store that's not owned by the parent brand. Large food or drink chains often operate franchises. For example KFC, McDonalds, Subway, Costa Coffee and Starbucks. Often some stores in the chain will be owned by the brand themself while others are owned by smaller independent businesses. In these cases it may be best to For example 'ABC Stores Ltd' may be Yes Make sure you don't us Use the franchise operator's business name to make your claim - find it on a receipt or ask them No {% include 'prototypes/prototype-jul-2019/includes/contact.html' %} {% endblock %}
A franchise is an individual store that's not owned by the parent brand.
Large food or drink chains often operate franchises. For example KFC, McDonalds, Subway, Costa Coffee and Starbucks.
Often some stores in the chain will be owned by the brand themself while others are owned by smaller independent businesses.
In these cases it may be best to For example 'ABC Stores Ltd' may be


{% extends 'base.html'%} {% block content %} {% for five in five%}
{{five.category}}
{{five.actual_pitch}}
{{five.date_posted}}


GSoC : This week in SymPy #4 & #5
Open Source · GSoC · SymPyHi there! It's been five weeks into GSoC, This week, I worked on polishing my previous PR's to improve coverage and fixing some bugs.
Progress of Week 4 & 5
During the last couple of weeks my ComplexPlane
Class PR #9438
finally got Merged thanks to Harsh for thoroughly reviewing it and suggesting constructive changes.
For this I Managed to improve it's coverage to perfect 100%, which is indeed satisfying, as it depicts all the new code being pushed is completely tested.
This week I also improved the Exception handling and coverage in my linsolve
PR, It also have a 100% coverage.
Coverage Report
- [1]
gauss_jordan_solve
100 % - [2]
linsolve
: 100: %
Ref:
- [1] http://iamit.in/sympy/coverage-report/matrices/
- [2] http://iamit.in/sympy/coverage-report/solveset/
It's good to be Merged now.
Blocking Issue: Intersection's of FiniteSet with symbolic elements
During Week 5, While working on transcendental equation solver in solveset.py
, I discovered a blocking issue in FiniteSets
, which is with the Intersection of FiniteSet
containing symbolic elements, for example:
In [2] a = Symbol('a', real=True)
In [3]: FiniteSet(log(a)).intersect(S.Reals)
Out[3]: EmptySet()
Currently, either FiniteSet
is able to evaluate intersection otherwise it, returns an EmptySet()
.
(See 9536 & 8217).
To fix this, I have opened the PR #9540.
Currently It fixes both the issues (9536 & 8217), but there are some failing tests using the current behaviour of FiniteSet
.
For example:
In [16]: x, y, z = symbols('x y z', integer=True)
In [19]: f1 = FiniteSet(x, y)
In [20]: f2 = FiniteSet(x, z)
- In Master:
In [23]: f1.intersect(f2)
Out[23]: {x}
- It should rather be:
In [5]: f1.intersect(f2)
Out[5]: {x} U Intersection({y}, {x, z})
The current behavior of FiniteSet in Master is non-acceptable, since in the above example x, y, z
are integer symbols, so they can be any integer, but in the Master , they are assumed to be distinct, which is wrong.
There are such failing tests in test_wester.py
here, which is updated here: aktech@e8e6a0b to incorporate with the right behaviour.
As of now there are a couple of failing tests, which needs to passed, before we can Merge #9540
TODO Failing Tests:
from future import plan Week #6:
This week I plan to Fix Intersection's of FiniteSet with symbolic elements & start working on LambertW
solver in solveset
.
$ git log
PR #9540 : Intersection's of FiniteSet with symbolic elements
PR #9438 : Linsolve
PR #9463 : ComplexPlane
PR #9527 : Printing of ProductSets
PR # 9524 : Fix solveset returned solution making denom zero
That's all for now, looking forward for week #6.


Occasionally it is handy to automatically push users to the next field once the minimum number of character has been met. So of the occasions are zip codes, and phone numbers. Simpltry offers an easy way to implement this, first you must set the maxlength attribute of you text field. Then add simptry_widget="move_to_next". After the max length of characters is met it moves the user to the next input, select box or text area. Give it a try!
Zipcode:
Phone:
test
example markup:

Zipcode: <input type="text" id="zipcode" maxlength="5" size="5" simpltry_widget="move_to_next" />

Phone: <input type="text" maxlength="3" name="areacode" id="areacode" size="4" simpltry_widget="move_to_next" /> <input type="text" maxlength="3" name="pre" id="pre" size="4" simpltry_widget="move_to_next" /> <input type="text" maxlength="4" name="suff" id="suff" size="5" simpltry_widget="move_to_next" />

 <select> <option>test</option> </select>

This is a demo of the Ajax.InPlaceEditor from script.aculo.us. There is a mandatory option (url) that is the server side path for saving what the user changes. Click on Hello world below to see the demo.
Hello world

Hello world

The auto completer is another control that is awesome. It becomes even simpler to use when you use the simpltry_widget ajax_autocompleter. The same as the inplace_editor there is a mandatory option (url) that is the server side path for getting the appropriate list. To see the demo start typing in the field below.
<input size="100" type="text" simpltry_widget="ajax_autocompleter" simpltry_options="method:'get', url: 'autocomplete_list.html'" />
Usually you need to provide the element to put the results in as the Second parameter for Ajax.Autocompleter, but if you don't provide it in the option "autoCompleteElement" simpltry will build a div for you.


enum class VersionCheckResult
Represent result of the version comparison between content being sent and HTTP request.
statusCode
- represents HttpStatusCode associated with the result.
|
Indicates that content needs to be sent to recipient. |
|
|
Indicates that content has not modified according to headers sent by client. |
|
|
One or more conditions given in the request header fields evaluated to false. |
val statusCode: HttpStatusCode |


--- tags: - parks - recreation author: display_name: JP email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>date: 2011-11-22 15:04:53 -0700 categories: [] LocalParks: hub: name: Utah Parks Local item_id:<PHONE_NUMBER>87486b8082e4c5dec0a1dd updates: - June 2023 - January 2020 --- {% include abstract.html name="Local Parks" stewards="UGRC" abstract="This dataset shows the locations of local parks excluding State and Federally owned parks. This dataset also contains the name, county, city, acres, type and construction status of the parks." %}
{% include contact.html subject=page.title contact=site.data.contacts.agrc %}


EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_original_iv, EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_updated_iv, EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv, EVP_CIPHER_CTX_original_iv, EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv_noconst - Routines to inspect EVP_CIPHER_CTX IV data
#include <openssl/evp.h>
int EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_original_iv(EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx, void *buf, size_t len);
int EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_updated_iv(EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx, void *buf, size_t len);
The following functions have been deprecated since OpenSSL 3.0, and can be hidden entirely by defining OPENSSL_API_COMPAT with a suitable version value, see openssl_user_macros(7):
const unsigned char *EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv(const EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx);
const unsigned char *EVP_CIPHER_CTX_original_iv(const EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx);
unsigned char *EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv_noconst(EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx);
EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_original_iv() and EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_updated_iv() copy initialization vector (IV) information from the EVP_CIPHER_CTX into the caller-supplied buffer. EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_iv_length(3) can be used to determine an appropriate buffer size, and if the supplied buffer is too small, an error will be returned (and no data copied). EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_original_iv() accesses the ("original") IV that was supplied when the EVP_CIPHER_CTX was initialized, and EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_updated_iv() accesses the current "IV state" of the cipher, which is updated during cipher operation for certain cipher modes (e.g., CBC and OFB).
The functions EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv(), EVP_CIPHER_CTX_original_iv(), and EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv_noconst() are deprecated functions that provide similar (at a conceptual level) functionality. EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv() returns a pointer to the beginning of the "IV state" as maintained internally in the EVP_CIPHER_CTX; EVP_CIPHER_CTX_original_iv() returns a pointer to the beginning of the ("original") IV, as maintained by the EVP_CIPHER_CTX, that was provided when the EVP_CIPHER_CTX was initialized; and EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_iv_noconst() is the same as EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv() but has a different return type for the pointer.
EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_original_iv() and EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_updated_iv() return 1 on success and 0 on failure.
The functions EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv(), EVP_CIPHER_CTX_original_iv(), and EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv_noconst() return a pointer to an IV as an array of bytes on success, and NULL on failure.
EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_original_iv() and EVP_CIPHER_CTX_get_updated_iv() were added in OpenSSL 3.0.0.
EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv(), EVP_CIPHER_CTX_original_iv(), and EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv_noconst() were added in OpenSSL 1.1.0, and were deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0.0.
Copyright 2020-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html.


Police probing Lisnaskea attack believed to be probing link with feud between Traveller families
by SUZANNE MCGONAGLEPOLICE investigating an attack by a gang wielding machetes in Co Fermanagh are believed to be probing a link to a feud between members of the Travelling community.
A 13-year-old girl suffered stab wounds as she tried to protect her baby nephew during the terrifying attack at a house in Lisnaskea.
Police said a number of men armed with machetes broke into the property in Trasna Way on Saturday shortly after 9pm. The gang attacked the teenager and the baby's grandmother, Elizabeth Joyce.
A video circulating on social media shows the 13-year-old clutching a towel to her chest and appears to show her injuries, which include a deep wound running down her back.
She remained in hospital last night in a critical but stable condition.
Ms Joyce (41) was treated for stab wounds to her leg. The 11-month-old baby was unharmed.
"It is something that we will never get over," Ms Joyce told BBC News NI.
"The baby was unharmed because his auntie is a hero.
"She's 13 years old and she threw her whole self over that baby, and she saved his life. She is a hero."
It is understood the family belong to the Travelling community and the attack may be linked to a dispute between families in Fermanagh and Longford.
No arrests have been made yet by police, who are treating the attack as attempted murder.
PSNI Detective Sergeant Keith Monaghan said: "We are determined to find the men responsible.
"We have several lines of enquiry we are progressing but I would ask anyone with information or who noticed any suspicious activity in the area to contact detectives in Enniskillen and pass that information on".


lorem ipsum donor kebab it is for the best. It is for the worst. It is need to go to sleep best worst.


--- layout: post title: The Delays l You & Me date: 2009-06-06 08:34:33.000000000 +09:00 type: post parent_id: '0' published: true password: '' status: publish categories: [] tags: - q. meta: _original_post_id: '40025895' _original_import_author: sheepless_ original_post_id: '40025895' _wp_old_slug: '40025895' author: login: mouthless email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: mouthless first_name: '' last_name: '' excerpt: 'The Delays : You See Colours 01. You & Me' ---
The Delays : You See Colours
01. You & Me


August 8
Set a watch, O Lord, before my mouth; keep the door of my lips. Psalm 141:3
Do you really believe that you need to watch over your mouth? Most believers don't. You can tell that just by listening to their conversations. They profess, for example, to be trusting God concerning their health. But you're likely to hear them say something like this: "I'm just sure I'm going to get theflu. I get it every year. I'll be sicker than a dog too, you'll see...."
Do people like that have what they say?
Oh yes! Check with them a few weeks later and they'll be quick to tell you that they got just as sick as they said they'd be. But, odds are, if you try to tell them there's any connection between the words they spoke and the illness they suffered, they'll look at you as if you were out of your mind.
Of course, if they'd dig into the Word of God and find out what it has to say about the subject, they'd realize that the words they speak have a tremendous impact on their lives. They'd see that it quite literally determines their future. If you're a bornagain believer, you've already experienced the most powerful example of that.  You know firsthand just how powerful your words can be.
Yet, even so, if you're like me, you still find that speaking faith-filled words consistently is tough to do. I've been at it myself for many years now and, despite all the time I've spent on it and all the experiences I've had, it's still something I have to watch all the time.
You see, the world around you is in negative flow. Like a rushing river, it's always pulling at you, trying to get you to flow with it. Living by faith and speaking words of faith is like trying to paddle upstream. You can do it--but it's a great deal of work. And there's never a time you can afford to take a vacation from it. If you relax a little bit you'll juststartdrifting right back down the river.
Make the decision right now to set a watch over your lips. Determine to consistently fill your mouth with the Word of God. "Attend to my words; incline thine ear unto my sayings" (Prov. 4:20). Let God's Word be your watch and everything you say will take you a little further upstream!
Scripture Reading: Romans 10:8-17


fun open(birthday: WalletBirthday): Initializer
Loads the rust library and previously used birthday for use by all other components. This is the most common use case for the initializer--reopening a wallet that was previously created.
birthday
- birthday height of the wallet. This value is passed to the
CompactBlockProcessor and becomes a factor in determining the lower bounds height that this
wallet will use. This height helps with determining where to start downloading as well as how
far back to go during a rewind. Every wallet has a birthday and the initializer depends on
this value but does not own it.
Return
an instance of this class so that the function can be used fluidly. Spending keys are
not returned because the SDK does not store them and this function is for opening a wallet
that was created previously.


--- layout: docpage title: "Documentation" is_homepage: false is_sphinx_doc: true doc-parent: "New Features in Apache Cassandra 4.0" doc-title: "Improved Internode Messaging" doc-header-links: ' ' doc-search-path: "../search.html" extra-footer: ' ' ---
Apache Cassandra 4.0 has added several new improvements to internode messaging.
The internode messaging protocol has been optimized (CASSANDRA-14485). Previously the IPAddressAndPort
of the sender was included with each message that was sent even though the IPAddressAndPort
had already been sent once when the initial connection/session was established. In Cassandra 4.0 IPAddressAndPort
has been removed from every separate message sent and only sent when connection/session is initiated.
Another improvement is that at several instances (listed) a fixed 4-byte integer value has been replaced with vint
as a vint
is almost always less than 1 byte:
paramSize
(the number of parameters in the header)payloadSize
In Cassandra 4.0 peer-to-peer (internode) messaging has been switched to non-blocking I/O (NIO) via Netty (CASSANDRA-8457).
As serialization format, each message contains a header with several fixed fields, an optional key-value parameters section, and then the message payload itself. Note: the IP address in the header may be either IPv4 (4 bytes) or IPv6 (16 bytes).
The diagram below shows the IPv4 address for brevity.
1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6
0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| PROTOCOL MAGIC |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Timestamp |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Addr len | IP Address (IPv4) /
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
/ | Verb /
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
/ | Parameters size /
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
/ | Parameter data /
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
/ |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Payload size |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| /
/ Payload /
/ |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
An individual parameter has a String key and a byte array value. The key is serialized with its length, encoded as two bytes, followed by the UTF-8 byte encoding of the string. The body is serialized with its length, encoded as four bytes, followed by the bytes of the value.
System stability is improved by enforcing strict resource limits (CASSANDRA-15066) on the number of outbound messages that are queued, measured by the serializedSize
of the message. There are three separate limits imposed simultaneously to ensure that progress is always made without any reasonable combination of failures impacting a node’s stability.
N*3 * (internode_application_send_queue_capacity_in_bytes + internode_application_receive_queue_capacity_in_bytes)
messages queued without any coordination between them although in practice, with token-aware routing, only RF*tokens nodes should need to communicate with significant bandwidth.cassandra.yaml
for resource limits on queued messages.internode_application_send_queue_capacity_in_bytes: 4194304 #4MiB
internode_application_send_queue_reserve_endpoint_capacity_in_bytes: 134217728 #128MiB
internode_application_send_queue_reserve_global_capacity_in_bytes: 536870912 #512MiB
internode_application_receive_queue_capacity_in_bytes: 4194304 #4MiB
internode_application_receive_queue_reserve_endpoint_capacity_in_bytes: 134217728 #128MiB
internode_application_receive_queue_reserve_global_capacity_in_bytes: 536870912 #512MiB
Metrics is improved by keeping metrics using virtual tables for inter-node inbound and outbound messaging (CASSANDRA-15066). For inbound messaging a virtual table (internode_inbound
) has been added to keep metrics for:
A separate virtual table (internode_outbound
) has been added for outbound inter-node messaging. The outbound virtual table keeps metrics for:
A specialized version of hint message that takes an already encoded in a ByteBuffer
hint and sends it verbatim has been added. It is an optimization for when dispatching a hint file of the current messaging version to a node of the same messaging version, which is the most common case. It saves on extra ByteBuffer
allocations one redundant hint deserialization-serialization cycle.
A configuration setting has been added to cassandra.yaml
for the maximum continuous period a connection may be unwritable in application space.
# internode_application_timeout_in_ms = 30000
Some other new features include logging of message size to trace message for tracing a query.
In pre-4.0 Paxos prepare and propose messages always go through entire MessagingService
stack in Cassandra even if request is to be served locally, we can enhance and make local requests severed w/o involving MessagingService
. Similar things are done elsewhere in Cassandra which skips MessagingService
stage for local requests.
This is what it looks like in pre 4.0 if we have tracing on and run a light-weight transaction:
Sending PAXOS_PREPARE message to /A.B.C.D [MessagingService-Outgoing-/A.B.C.D] | 2017-09-11
21:55:18.971000 | A.B.C.D | 15045
… REQUEST_RESPONSE message received from /A.B.C.D [MessagingService-Incoming-/A.B.C.D] |
2017-09-11 21:55:18.976000 | A.B.C.D | 20270
… Processing response from /A.B.C.D [SharedPool-Worker-4] | 2017-09-11 21:55:18.976000 |
A.B.C.D | 20372
Same thing applies for Propose stage as well.
In version 4.0 Paxos prepare and propose stage for local requests are optimized (CASSANDRA-13862).
Several other quality assurance improvements have been made in version 4.0 (CASSANDRA-15066).
Version 4.0 introduces framing to all internode messages, i.e. the grouping of messages into a single logical payload with headers and trailers; these frames are guaranteed to either contain at most one message, that is split into its own unique sequence of frames (for large messages), or that a frame contains only complete messages.
Previously, intra-datacenter internode messages would be unprotected from corruption by default, as only LZ4 provided any integrity checks. All messages to post 4.0 nodes are written to explicit frames, which may be:
The Unprotected option is still available.
For resilience, all frames are written with a separate CRC protected header, of 8 and 6 bytes respectively. If corruption occurs in this header, the connection must be reset, as before. If corruption occurs anywhere outside of the header, the corrupt frame will be skipped, leaving the connection intact and avoiding the loss of any messages unnecessarily.
Previously, any issue at any point in the stream would result in the connection being reset, with the loss of any in-flight messages.
The overall memory usage, and number of byte shuffles, on both inbound and outbound messages is reduced.
Outbound the Netty LZ4 encoder maintains a chunk size buffer (64KiB), that is filled before any compressed frame can be produced. Our frame encoders avoid this redundant copy, as well as freeing 192KiB per endpoint.
Inbound, frame decoders guarantee only to copy the number of bytes necessary to parse a frame, and to never store more bytes than necessary. This improvement applies twice to LZ4 connections, improving both the message decode and the LZ4 frame decode.
Version 4.0 introduces several improvements to the inbound path.
An appropriate message handler is used based on whether large or small messages are expected on a particular connection as set in a flag. NonblockingBufferHandler
, running on event loop, is used for small messages, and BlockingBufferHandler
, running off event loop, for large messages. The single implementation of InboundMessageHandler
handles messages of any size effectively by deriving size of the incoming message from the byte stream. In addition to deriving size of the message from the stream, incoming message expiration time is proactively read, before attempting to deserialize the entire message. If it’s expired at the time when a message is encountered the message is just skipped in the byte stream altogether.
And if a message fails to be deserialized while still on the receiving side - say, because of table id or column being unknown - bytes are skipped, without dropping the entire connection and losing all the buffered messages. An immediately reply back is sent to the coordinator node with the failure reason, rather than waiting for the coordinator callback to expire. This logic is extended to a corrupted frame; a corrupted frame is safely skipped over without dropping the connection.
Inbound path imposes strict limits on memory utilization. Specifically, the memory occupied by all parsed, but unprocessed messages is bound - on per-connection, per-endpoint, and global basis. Once a connection exceeds its local unprocessed capacity and cannot borrow any permits from per-endpoint and global reserve, it simply stops processing further messages, providing natural backpressure - until sufficient capacity is regained.
A consistent approach is adopted for all kinds of failure to connect, including: refused by endpoint, incompatible versions, or unexpected exceptions;
We sometimes need to reconnect a perfectly valid connection, e.g. if the preferred IP address changes. We ensure that the underlying connection has no in-progress operations before closing it and reconnecting.
Propagates to callbacks instantly, better preventing overload by reclaiming committed memory.
Failures to flush to network, perhaps because the connection has been reset are not currently notified to callback handlers, as the necessary information has been discarded, though it would be possible to do so in future if we decide it is worth our while.
“Gossip” connection has been replaced with a general purpose “Urgent” connection, for any small messages impacting system stability.
We track, and expose via Virtual Table and JMX, the number of messages and bytes that: we could not serialize or flush due to an error, we dropped due to overload or timeout, are pending, and have successfully sent.
Cassandra pre-4.0 doesn’t protect the server from allocating huge buffers for the inter-node Message objects. Adding a message size limit would be good to deal with issues such as a malfunctioning cluster participant. Version 4.0 introduced max message size config param, akin to max mutation size - set to endpoint reserve capacity by default.
As discussed in (CASSANDRA-9289) it would be nice to gracefully recover from seeing an unknown table in a message from another node. Pre-4.0, we close the connection and reconnect, which can cause other concurrent queries to fail.
Version 4.0 fixes the issue by wrapping message in-stream with
TrackedDataInputPlus
, catching
UnknownCFException
, and skipping the remaining bytes in this message. TCP won’t be closed and it will remain connected for other messages.


Magit-QuickStart
March 9, 2020
Magit is an interface to the version control system Git, implemented as an Emacs package. Magit aspires to be a complete Git porcelain. While we cannot (yet) claim that Magit wraps and improves upon each and every Git command, it is complete enough to allow even experienced Git users to perform almost all of their daily version control tasks directly from within Emacs. While many fine Git clients exist, only Magit and Git itself deserve to be called porcelains. # Contents
- contents {:toc}
Show git status
SPC
g
s
show Magit status view
Show help
SPC
g
s
show Magit status view?
get help
Show git log
SPC
g
s
show Magit status viewl
l
show log view
Show all commits for the current file
SPC
g
f
l
show git log for the current file
Diff a range of commits
SPC
g
s
show Magit status viewl
l
show log view- use
j
andk
to position the cursor on a commit V
to select the line- use
j
andk
to position the cursor on another commit d
r
to show a diff of the range of commits
Checkout a local branch
SPC
g
s
show Magit status viewb
b
checkout a branch- select or enter the branch name and hit ENTER
Checkout a commit
SPC
g
s
show Magit status viewl
l
show log view- use
j
andk
to position the cursor on a commit b
b
ENTER to checkout that commit
Checkout a different revision of a file
SPC
g
s
show Magit status viewl
l
show log view- move point to the commit you want to checkout (using
j
andk
) O
(capital letter O)f
reset a file- hit
ENTER
to select the default revision selected above. (it will look something like - master) - select a file
q
to close the log view and see the file at the selected revision is staged
Open a different revision of a file
SPC
g
s
show Magit status viewl
l
show log view- move point to the commit you want to checkout (using
j
andk
) SPC
g
f
f
(magit-find-file) to open a file at a revisionENTER
to use the selected commit- select the name of the file to open
Create a local branch from a remote branch
SPC
g
s
show Magit status viewb
c
create a branch- select or enter the remote branch and hit
ENTER
- hit
ENTER
to use the same name or enter a new name and hitENTER
Pull from upstream
SPC
g
s
show Magit status viewF
u
pull from upstream
Push to upstream
SPC
g
s
show Magit status viewP
u
push to upstream
Stage files and commit
SPC
g
s
show Magit status view- use
j
andk
to position the cursor on a file TAB
to show and hide the diff for the files
to stage a file (u
to unstage a file andx
to discard changes to a file)c
c
to commit- write a commit message and save with
SPC
f
s
,
c
to finish the commit message
Stage specific hunks
SPC
g
s
show Magit status viewM-n
/M-p
to move to the “Unstaged changes” sectionj
/k
to move to the desired fileTAB
to expand the hunks in the fileM-n
/M-p
to move to different hunkss
/u
to stage or unstange hunksx
to discard a hunkc
c
to commit- Enter a commit message and save with
SPC
f
s
,
c
to finish the commit
Merge master into the current branch
SPC
g
s
show Magit status viewm
m
merge- select or enter master and hit
ENTER
Rebase the current branch onto master
SPC
g
s
show Magit status viewr
e
rebase- select or enter master and hit
ENTER
Use interactive rebase to squash commits
SPC
g
s
show Magit status viewl
l
show log view- use
j
andk
to position the cursor on a commit r
i
to start the interactive rebase- use
j
andk
to position the cursor on a commit to squash s
to mark the commit as to be squashed. (uses
multiple times to squash multiple commits),
c
to make it happen- edit the new squashed commit message and save with
SPC
f
s
,
c
to finish
Use interactive rebase to reorder commits
SPC
g
s
show Magit status viewl
l
show log view- use
j
andk
to position the cursor on a commit ri
to start the interactive rebase- use
j
andk
to position the cursor on a commit to reorder - use
M-k
orM-j
to move the commit up or down ,
c
to make it happen
Revert a commit
SPC
g
s
show Magit status viewl
l
show log view- use
j
andk
to position the cursor on the commit you want to revert _
O
(capital letter O) to revert the commit- edit the commit message and save with
SPC
f
s
,
c
to finish
(Soft) reset the last commit
SPC
g
s
show Magit status viewl
l
show log view- use
j
andk
to position the cursor one commit before the last one O
(capital letter O)s
to soft reset- the selected commit should be e.g. master.