CHAPTER II
According to the Sânkhya philosophy, nature is composed of three forces called, in Sanskrit, Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas. These as manifested in the physical world are what we may call equilibrium, activity, and inertness. Tamas is typified as darkness or inactivity; Rajas is activity, expressed as attraction or repulsion; and Sattva is the equilibrium of the two.
In every man there are these three forces. Sometimes Tamas prevails. We become lazy, we cannot move, we are inactive, bound down by certain ideas or by mere dullness. At other times activity prevails, and at still other times that calm balancing of both. Again, in different men, one of these forces is generally predominant. The characteristic of one man is inactivity, dullness and laziness; that of another, activity, power, manifestation of energy; and in still another we find the sweetness, calmness, and gentleness, which are due to the balancing of both action and inaction. So in all creation — in animals, plants, and men — we find the more or less typical manifestation of all these different forces.
Karma-Yoga has specially to deal with these three factors. By teaching what they are and how to employ them, it helps us to do our work better. Human society is a graded organization. We all know about morality, and we all know about duty, but at the same time we find that in different countries the significance of morality varies greatly. What is regarded as moral in one country may in another be considered perfectly immoral. For instance, in one country cousins may marry; in another, it is thought to be very immoral; in one, men may marry their sisters-in-law; in another, it is regarded as immoral; in one country people may marry only once; in another, many times; and so forth. Similarly, in all other departments of morality, we find the standard varies greatly — yet we have the idea that there must be a universal standard of morality.
So it is with duty. The idea of duty varies much among different nations. In one country, if a man does not do certain things, people will say he has acted wrongly; while if he does those very things in another country, people will say that he did not act rightly — and yet we know that there must be some universal idea of duty. In the same way, one class of society thinks that certain things are among its duty, while another class thinks quite the opposite and would be horrified if it had to do those things. Two ways are left open to us — the way of the ignorant, who think that there is only one way to truth and that all the rest are wrong, and the way of the wise, who admit that, according to our mental constitution or the different planes of existence in which we are, duty and morality may vary. The important thing is to know that there are gradations of duty and of morality — that the duty of one state of life, in one set of circumstances, will not and cannot be that of another.
To illustrate: All great teachers have taught, "Resist not evil," that non-resistance is the highest moral ideal. We all know that, if a certain number of us attempted to put that maxim fully into practice, the whole social fabric would fall to pieces, the wicked would take possession of our properties and our lives, and would do whatever they liked with us. Even if only one day of such non-resistance were practiced, it would lead to disaster. Yet, intuitively, in our heart of hearts we feel the truth of the teaching "Resist not evil." This seems to us to be the highest ideal; yet to teach this doctrine only would be equivalent to condemning a vast portion of mankind. Not only so, it would be making men feel that they were always doing wrong, and cause in them scruples of conscience in all their actions; it would weaken them, and that constant self-disapproval would breed more vice than any other weakness would. To the man who has begun to hate himself the gate to degeneration has already opened; and the same is true of a nation.
Our first duty is not to hate ourselves, because to advance we must have faith in ourselves first and then in God. He who has no faith in himself can never have faith in God. Therefore, the only alternative remaining to us is to recognise that duty and morality vary under different circumstances; not that the man who resists evil is doing what is always and in itself wrong, but t hat in the different circumstances in which he is placed it may become even his duty to resist evil.
In reading the Bhagavad-Gita, many of you in Western countries may have felt astonished at the second chapter, wherein Shri Krishna calls Arjuna a hypocrite and a coward because of his refusal to fight, or offer resistance, on account of his adversaries being his friends and relatives, making the plea that non-resistance was the highest ideal of love. This is a great lesson for us all to learn, that in all matters the two extremes are alike. The extreme positive and the extreme negative are always similar. When the vibrations of light are too slow, we do not see them, nor do we see them when they are too rapid. So with sound; when very low in pitch, we do not hear it; when very high, we do not hear it either. Of like nature is the difference between resistance and non-resistance. One man does not resist because he is weak, lazy, and cannot, not because he will not; the other man knows that he can strike an irresistible blow if he likes; yet he not only does not strike, but blesses his enemies. The one who from weakness resists not commits a sin, and as such cannot receive any benefit from the non-resistance; while the other would commit a sin by offering resistance. Buddha gave up his throne and renounced his position, that was true renunciation; but there cannot be any question of renunciation in the case of a beggar who has nothing to renounce. So we must always be careful about what we really mean when we speak of this non-resistance and ideal love. We must first take care to understand whether we have the power of resistance or not. Then, having the power, if we renounce it and do not resist, we are doing a grand act of love; but if we cannot resist, and yet, at the same time, try to deceive ourselves into the belief that we are actuated by motives of the highest love, we are doing the exact opposite. Arjuna became a coward at the sight of the mighty array against him; his "love" made him forget his duty towards his country and king. That is why Shri Krishna told him that he was a hypocrite: Thou talkest like a wise man, but thy actions betray thee to be a coward; therefore stand up and fight!
Such is the central idea of Karma-Yoga. The Karma-Yogi is the man who understands that the highest ideal is non-resistance, and who also knows that this non-resistance is the highest manifestation of power in actual possession, and also what is called the resisting of evil is but a step on the way towards the manifestation of this highest power, namely, non-resistance. Before reaching this highest ideal, man's duty is to resist evil; let him work, let him fight, let him strike straight from the shoulder. Then only, when he has gained the power to resist, will non-resistance be a virtue.
I once met a man in my country whom I had known before as a very stupid, dull person, who knew nothing and had not the desire to know anything, and was living the life of a brute. He asked me what he should do to know God, how he was to get free. "Can you tell a lie?" I asked him. "No," he replied. "Then you must learn to do so. It is better to tell a lie than to be a brute, or a log of wood.  That was an extreme case, of course, and I was joking with him; but what I meant was that a man must be active in order to pass through activity to perfect calmness.
Inactivity should be avoided by all means. Activity always means resistance. Resist all evils, mental and physical; and when you have succeeded in resisting, then will calmness come. It is very easy to say, "Hate nobody, resist not evil," but we know what that kind of thing generally means in practice. When the eyes of society are turned towards us, we may make a show of non-resistance, but in our hearts it is canker all the time. We feel the utter want of the calm of non-resistance; we feel that it would be better for us to resist. If you desire wealth, and know at the same time that the whole world regards him who aims at wealth as a very wicked man, you, perhaps, will not dare to plunge into the struggle for wealth, yet your mind will be running day and night after money. This is hypocrisy and will serve no purpose. Plunge into the world, and then, after a time, when you have suffered and enjoyed all that is in it, will renunciation come; then will calmness come. So fulfil your desire for power and everything else, and after you have fulfilled the desire, will come the time when you will know that they are all very little things; but until you have fulfilled this desire, until you have passed through that activity, it is impossible for you to come to the state of calmness, serenity, and self-surrender. These ideas of serenity and renunciation have been preached for thousands of years; everybody has heard of them from childhood, and yet we see very few in the world who have really reached that stage. I do not know if I have seen twenty persons in my life who are really calm and non-resisting, and I have travelled over half the world.
Every man should take up his own ideal and endeavour to accomplish it. That is a surer way of progress than taking up other men's ideals, which he can never hope to accomplish. For instance, we take a child and at once give him the task of walking twenty miles. Either the little one dies, or one in a thousand crawls the twenty miles, to reach the end exhausted and half-dead. That is like what we generally try to do with the world. All the men and women, in any society, are not of the same mind, capacity, or of the same power to do things; they must have different ideals, and we have no right to sneer at any ideal. Let every one do the best he can for realising his own ideal. Nor is it right that I should be judged by your standard or you by mine. The apple tree should not be judged by the standard of the oak, nor the oak by that of the apple. To judge the apple tree you must take the apple standard, and for the oak, its own standard.
Unity in variety is the plan of creation. However men and women may vary individually, there is unity in the background. The different individual characters and classes of men and women are natural variations in creation. Hence, we ought not to judge them by the same standard or put the same ideal before them. Such a course creates only an unnatural struggle, and the result is that man begins to hate himself and is hindered from becoming religious and good. Our duty is to encourage every one in his struggle to live up to his own highest ideal, and strive at the same time to make the ideal as near as possible to the truth.
In the Hindu system of morality we find that this fact has been recognised from very ancient times; and in their scriptures and books on ethics different rules are laid down for the different classes of men — the householder, the Sannyâsin (the man who has renounced the world), and the student.
The life of every individual, according to the Hindu scriptures, has its peculiar duties apart from what belongs in common to universal humanity. The Hindu begins life as a student; then he marries and becomes a householder; in old age he retires; and lastly he gives up the world and becomes a Sannyasin. To each of these stages of life certain duties are attached. No one of these stages is intrinsically superior to another. The life of the married man is quite as great as that of the celibate who has devoted himself to religious work. The scavenger in the street is quite as great and glorious as the king on his throne. Take him off his throne, make him do the work of the scavenger, and see how he fares. Take up the scavenger and see how he will rule. It is useless to say that the man who lives out of the world is a greater man than he who lives in the world; it is much more difficult to live in the world and worship God than to give it up and live a free and easy life. The four stages of life in India have in later times been reduced to two — that of the householder and of the monk. The householder marries and carries on his duties as a citizen, and the duty of the other is to devote his energies wholly to religion, to preach and to worship God. I shall read to you a few passages from the Mahâ-Nirvâna-Tantra, which treats of this subject, and you will see that it is a very difficult task for a man to be a householder, and perform all his duties perfectly:
The householder should be devoted to God; the knowledge of God should be his goal of life. Yet he must work constantly, perform all his duties; he must give up the fruits of his actions to God.
It is the most difficult thing in this world to work and not care for the result, to help a man and never think that he ought to be grateful, to do some good work and at the same time never look to see whether it brings you name or fame, or nothing at all. Even the most arrant coward becomes brave when the world praises him. A fool can do heroic deeds when the approbation of society is upon him, but for a man to constantly do good without caring for the approbation of his fellow men is indeed the highest sacrifice man can perform. The great duty of the householder is to earn a living, but he must take care that he does not do it by telling lies, or by cheating, or by robbing others; and he must remember that his life is for the service of God, and the poor.
Knowing that mother and father are the visible representatives of God, the householder, always and by all means, must please them. If the mother is pleased, and the father, God is pleased with the man. That child is really a good child who never speaks harsh words to his parents.
Before parents one must not utter jokes, must not show restlessness, must not show anger or temper. Before mother or father, a child must bow down low, and stand up in their presence, and must not take a seat until they order him to sit.
If the householder has food and drink and clothes without first seeing that his mother and his father, his children, his wife, and the poor, are supplied, he is committing a sin. The mother and the father are the causes of this body; so a man must undergo a thousand troubles in order to do good to them.
Even so is his duty to his wife. No man should scold his wife, and he must always maintain her as if she were his own mother. And even when he is in the greatest difficulties and troubles, he must not show anger to his wife.
He who thinks of another woman besides his wife, if he touches her even with his mind — that man goes to dark hell.
Before women he must not talk improper language, and never brag of his powers. He must not say, “I have done this, and I have done that.”
The householder must always please his wife with money, clothes, love, faith, and words like nectar, and never do anything to disturb her. That man who has succeeded in getting the love of a chaste wife has succeeded in his religion and has all the virtues.
The following are duties towards children:
A son should be lovingly reared up to his fourth year; he should be educated till he is sixteen. When he is twenty years of age he should be employed in some work; he should then be treated affectionately by his father as his equal. Exactly in the same manner the daughter should be brought up, and should be educated with the greatest care. And when she marries, the father ought to give her jewels and wealth.
Then the duty of the man is towards his brothers and sisters, and towards the children of his brothers and sisters, if they are poor, and towards his other relatives, his friends and his servants. Then his duties are towards the people of the same village, and the poor, and any one that comes to him for help. Having sufficient means, if the householder does not take care to give to his relatives and to the poor, know him to be only a brute; he is not a human being.
Excessive attachment to food, clothes, and the tending of the body, and dressing of the hair should be avoided. The householder must be pure in heart and clean in body, always active and always ready for work.
To his enemies the householder must be a hero. Them he must resist. That is the duty of the householder. He must not sit down in a corner and weep, and talk nonsense about non-resistance. If he does not show himself a hero to his enemies he has not done his duty. And to his friends and relatives he must be as gentle as a lamb.
It is the duty of the householder not to pay reverence to the wicked; because, if he reverences the wicked people of the world, he patronizes wickedness; and it will be a great mistake if he disregards those who are worthy of respect, the good people. He must not be gushing in his friendship; he must not go out of the way making friends everywhere; he must watch the actions of the men he wants to make friends with, and their dealings with other men, reason upon them, and then make friends.
These three things he must not talk of. He must not talk in public of his own fame; he must not preach his own name or his own powers; he must not talk of his wealth, or of anything that has been told to him privately.
A man must not say he is poor, or that he is wealthy — he must not brag of his wealth. Let him keep his own counsel; this is his religious duty. This is not mere worldly wisdom; if a man does not do so, he may be held to be immoral.
The householder is the basis, the prop, of the whole society. He is the principal earner. The poor, the weak, the children and the women who do not work — all live upon the householder; so there must be certain duties that he has to perform, and these duties must make him feel strong to perform them, and not make him think that he is doing things beneath his ideal. Therefore, if he has done something weak, or has made some mistake, he must not say so in public; and if he is engaged in some enterprise and knows he is sure to fail in it, he must not speak of it. Such self-exposure is not only uncalled for, but also unnerves the man and makes him unfit for the performance of his legitimate duties in life. At the same time, he must struggle hard to acquire these things — firstly, knowledge, and secondly, wealth. It is his duty, and if he does not do his duty, he is nobody. A householder who does not struggle to get wealth is immoral.  If he gets riches, hundreds of others will be thereby supported.
If there were not in this city hundreds who had striven to become rich, and who had acquired wealth, where would all this civilization, and these alms-houses and great houses be?
Going after wealth in such a case is not bad, because that wealth is for distribution. The householder is the centre of life and society. It is a worship for him to acquire and spend wealth nobly, for the householder who struggles to become rich by good means and for good purposes is doing practically the same thing for the attainment of salvation as the anchorite does in his cell when he is praying; for in them we see only the different aspects of the same virtue of self-surrender and self-sacrifice prompted by the feeling of devotion to God and to all that is His.
He must struggle to acquire a good name by all means. He must not gamble, he must not move in the company of the wicked, he must not tell lies, and must not be the cause of trouble to others.
Often people enter into things they have not the means to accomplish, with the result that they cheat others to attain their own ends. Then there is in all things the time factor to be taken into consideration; what at one time might be a failure, would perhaps at another time be a very great success.
The householder must speak the truth, and speak gently, using words which people like, which will do good to others; nor should he talk of the business of other men.
The householder by digging tanks, by planting trees on the roadsides, by establishing rest-houses for men and animals, by making roads and building bridges, goes towards the same goal as the greatest Yogi.
This is one part of the doctrine of Karma-Yoga — activity, the duty of the householder. There is a passage later on, where it says that "if the householder dies in battle, fighting for his country or his religion, he comes to the same goal as the Yogi by meditation," showing thereby that what is duty for one is not duty for another. At the same time, it does not say that this duty is lowering and the other elevating. Each duty has its own place, and according to the circumstances in which we are placed, we must perform our duties.
One idea comes out of all this — the condemnation of all weakness. This is a particular idea in all our teachings which I like, either in philosophy, or in religion, or in work. If you read the Vedas, you will find this word always repeated — fearlessness — fear nothing. Fear is a sign of weakness. A man must go about his duties without taking notice of the sneers and the ridicule of the world.
If a man retires from the world to worship God, he must not think that those who live in the world and work for the good of the world are not worshipping God: neither must those who live in the world, for wife and children, think that those who give up the world are low vagabonds. Each is great in his own place. This thought I will illustrate by a story.
A certain king used to inquire of all the Sannyasins that came to his country, "Which is the greater man — he who gives up the world and becomes a Sannyasin, or he who lives in the world and performs his duties as a house holder?" Many wise men sought to solve the problem. Some asserted that the Sannyasin was the greater, upon which the king demanded that they should prove their assertion. When they could not, he ordered them to marry and become householders. Then others came and said, "The householder who performs his duties is the greater man." Of them, too, the king demanded proofs. When they could not give them, he made them also settle down as householders.
At last there came a young Sannyasin, and the king similarly inquired of him also. He answered, "Each, O king, is equally great in his place." "Prove this to me," asked the king. "I will prove it to you," said the Sannyasin, "but you must first come and live as I do for a few days, that I may be able to prove to you what I say." The king consented and followed the Sannyasin out of his own territory and passed through many other countries until they came to a great kingdom. In the capital of that kingdom a great ceremony was going on. The king and the Sannyasin heard the noise of drums and music, and heard also the criers; the people were assembled in the streets in gala dress, and a great proclamation was being made. The king and the Sannyasin stood there to see what was going on. The crier was proclaiming loudly that the princess, daughter of the king of that country, was about to choose a husband from among those assembled before her.
It was an old custom in India for princesses to choose husbands in this way. Each princess had certain ideas of the sort of man she wanted for a husband. Some would have the handsomest man, others would have only the most learned, others again the richest, and so on. All the princes of the neighbourhood put on their bravest attire and presented themselves before her. Sometimes they too had their own criers to enumerate their advantages and the reasons why they hoped the princess would choose them. The princess was taken round on a throne, in the most splendid array, and looked at and heard about them. If she was not pleased with what she saw and heard, she said to her bearers, "Move on," and no more notice was taken of the rejected suitors. If, however, the princess was pleased with any one of them, she threw a garland of flowers over him and he became her husband.
The princess of the country to which our king and the Sannyasin had come was having one of these interesting ceremonies. She was the most beautiful princess in the world, and the husband of the princess would be ruler of the kingdom after her father's death. The idea of this princess was to marry the handsomest man, but she could not find the right one to please her. Several times these meetings had taken place, but the princess could not select a husband. This meeting was the most splendid of all; more people than ever had come to it. The princess came in on a throne, and the bearers carried her from place to place. She did not seem to care for any one, and every one became disappointed that this meeting also was going to be a failure. Just then came a young man, a Sannyasin, handsome as if the sun had come down to the earth, and stood in one corner of the assembly, watching what was going on. The throne with the princess came near him, and as soon as she saw the beautiful Sannyasin, she stopped and threw the garland over him. The young Sannyasin seized the garland and threw it off, exclaiming, "What nonsense is this? I am a Sannyasin. What is marriage to me?" The king of that country thought that perhaps this man was poor and so dared not marry the princess, and said to him, "With my daughter goes half my kingdom now, and the whole kingdom after my death!" and put the garland again on the Sannyasin. The young man threw it off once more, saying, "Nonsense! I do not want to marry," and walked quickly away from the assembly.
Now the princess had fallen so much in love with this young man that she said, "I must marry this man or I shall die"; and she went after him to bring him back. Then our other Sannyasin, who had brought the king there, said to him, "King, let us follow this pair"; so they walked after them, but at a good distance behind. The young Sannyasin who had refused to marry the princess walked out into the country for several miles. When he came to a forest and entered into it, the princess followed him, and the other two followed them. Now this young Sannyasin was well acquainted with that forest and knew all the intricate paths in it. He suddenly passed into one of these and disappeared, and the princess could not discover him. After trying for a long time to find him she sat down under a tree and began to weep, for she did not know the way out. Then our king and the other Sannyasin came up to her and said, "Do not weep; we will show you the way out of this forest, but it is too dark for us to find it now. Here is a big tree; let us rest under it, and in the morning we will go early and show you the road."
 This little bird looked down and saw the three people under the tree and said to his wife, "My dear, what shall we do? Here are some guests in the house, and it is winter, and we have no fire." So he flew away and got a bit of burning firewood in his beak and dropped it before the guests, to which they added fuel and made a blazing fire. But the little bird was not satisfied. He said again to his wife, "My dear, what shall we do? There is nothing to give these people to eat, and they are hungry. We are householders; it is our duty to feed any one who comes to the house. I must do what I can, I will give them my body." So he plunged into the midst of the fire and perished. The guests saw him falling and tried to save him, but he was too quick for them.
The little bird's wife saw what her husband did, and she said, "Here are three persons and only one little bird for them to eat. It is not enough; it is my duty as a wife not to let my husband's effort go in vain; let them have my body also." Then she fell into the fire and was burned to death.
Then the three baby-birds, when they saw what was done and that there was still not enough food for the three guests, said, "Our parents have done what they could and still it is not enough. It is our duty to carry on the work of our parents; let our bodies go too." And they all dashed down into the fire also.
Amazed at what they saw, the three people could not of course eat these birds. They passed the night without food, and in the morning the king and the Sannyasin showed the princess the way, and she went back to her father.
Then the Sannyasin said to the king, "King, you have seen that each is great in his own place. If you want to live in the world, live like those birds, ready at any moment to sacrifice yourself for others. If you want to renounce the world, be like that young man to whom the most beautiful woman and a kingdom were as nothing. If you want to be a householder, hold your life a sacrifice for the welfare of others; and if you choose the life of renunciation, do not even look at beauty and money and power. Each is great in his own place, but the duty of the one is not the duty of the other.


The Problem
In the widely industrialized world we live in, pollution has become a large problem. The largest and most well-known effect of pollution is global warming. Other effects of pollution include:
- Environment Degradation
- Respiratory Problems
- Ozone Depletion
- Infertile Land
The Causes
There are various causes of pollution in the world around us. Some of these causes include:
- Burning of fossil fuels - Sulfur dioxide emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and other factory combustibles is one of the major causes of air pollution.
- Agricultural activities - Ammonia is a very common by product from agriculture related activities and is one of the most hazardous gases in the atmosphere.
- Indoor air pollution - Household cleaning products and painting supplies emit toxic chemicals in the air and cause air pollution.
The Solution
So what can you do to help decrease air pollution?
- Use public transportation - Encourage people to use public transportation to reduce pollution.
- Conserve energy - Switch off fans and lights when they are not necessary.
- Reduce, reuse, recycle - Do not throw away items that are not useful for you. Reuse them for another purpose, or recycle them if the option is available.
|
Air pollution is the contamination of air by smoke and harmful gases, mainly oxides of carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen. |
Land pollution is the degradation of the Earth's surface caused by a misuse of resources and improper disposal of waste. |
Light pollution is the brightening of the night sky inhibiting the visibility of stars and planets by the use of improper lighting. |
|
Noise pollution is any loud sounds that are either harmful or annoying to humans and animals. |
Thermal pollution is the increase of temperature in an area caused by human activity. |
Visual pollution is what you would call anything unattractive or visually damaging to the nearby landscape. |
|
Water pollution is the contamination of any body of water (lakes, groundwater, oceans, etc). |
Recycling is the process of collecting and processing materials that would otherwise be thrown away as trash and repurposing them. |
Energy conservation refers to reducing energy consumption through using less of an energy service. |


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Satisfiability Problem¶
Overview¶
maximize (c1+2*c2+3*c3+4*c4)
s.t. c1 = x0 or x1
c2 = x0 or not x1
c3 = not x0 or x1
c4 = not x0 or not x1
x0, x1 is Binary
This optimization problem is a kind of the weighted MAX-SAT problem. This problem can be formulated using flopt as follows,
from flopt import Variable, Problem, Solver
# literals
x0 = Variable('x0', cat='Binary')
x1 = Variable('x1', cat='Binary')
# clauses
c1 = x0 | x1
c2 = x0 | ~x1
c3 = ~x0 | x1
c4 = ~x0 | ~x1
clauses = [c1, c2, c3, c4]
weights = [1, 2, 3, 4]
obj = sum(w*c for c, w in zip(clauses, weights))
prob = Problem('MaxSat', sense='maximize')
prob += obj
solver = Solver(algo='RandomSearch')
solver.setParams(timelimit=2)
prob.solve(solver, msg=True)
print('value x0', x0.value())
print('value x1', x1.value())
for clause in clauses:
print(clause)
Literals¶
We declear potitive literals using Variable.
# literals
x0 = Variable('x0', cat='Binary')
x1 = Variable('x1', cat='Binary')
~x0 represents a non positive literal of x0, e.g. if x0=0 then ~x0=1.
Objective function¶
We can create the objective function by arithmetic operation of literals or cluses, or the CustomObject. For example, \((c_1+2c_2+3c_3+4c_4)\) can be formulated as follows.
clauses = [c1, c2, c3, c4]
weights = [1, 2, 3, 4]
obj = sum(w*c for c, w in zip(clauses, weights))
Solve¶
We select algorithm of solver for the problem we create, and solve.
solver = Solver(algo='RandomSearch')
solver.setParams(timelimit=2)
prob.solve(solver, msg=True)
Result¶
The results of the solver are reflected in the problem and variable objects.
print('value x0', x0.value())
print('value x1', x1.value())
for clause in clauses:
print(clause)


This is number recognizer AI. Built with Tensorflow Python. Upload your image number here and we will response with prediction


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iterami
/
Guides.htm
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EVE Online
/Kryos
Fittings:
HAUL-MINERALS
Fittings
Code
Notes
Haul Minerals
[Kryos, HAUL-MINERALS] Inertial Stabilizers II Inertial Stabilizers II Inertial Stabilizers II Inertial Stabilizers II Medium Shield Extender II Medium Shield Extender II Medium Shield Extender II Multispectrum Shield Hardener II Civilian Gatling Pulse Laser Improved Cloaking Device II Medium Core Defense Field Extender II Medium Core Defense Field Extender II Medium Core Defense Field Extender II


Chef's Table (2015– )
★
8.8 / 10 (1,709 votes)
50 min — Documentary
Cast:
Dan Barber
Massimo Bottura
Francis Mallmann
Languages:
Chef's Table goes inside the lives and kitchens of six of the world's most renowned international chefs. Each episode focuses on a single chef and their unique look at their lives, talents and passion from their piece of culinary heaven.
Data Retrieved: 2015-10-31
Directory Name: "Chef's Table (2015)"


Gateway
BOT
06-Jul-19 04:19 PM
[telegram] <Acura360> i think yes (re @Matterbridge_kmdbot: [discord] <SHossain> and, KMD price was $12?)
[telegram] <Cryppto> Without knowing how much income 1 DEX generates, it is difficult to establish any game plan. (re @Acura360: Last Bullmarket the price was 58kmd for 1 DEX Asset)
[telegram] <Cryppto> I don't even know what wallet holds DEX since I never used Agama or any Komodo native wallet. Just Magnum.
[telegram] <Iceman> :3 (re @abrecords: It is fine, the decline is not that big, will be recovered quickly i think)
[telegram] <McAttack77> yea this has been a silent rise. Not much shililng from crypto twitter thankfully
[telegram] <yorklab> Bitcoin spiked up and KMD had a bit of a run, so it's natural it would go down a bit. (re @Iceman: Yes but this doesnt Look healthy too me)
[telegram] <McAttack77> If AtomicDex has a succesful launch, it's really gonna be a game changer
[telegram] <McAttack77> really looking forward to it
[telegram] <McAttack77> What are the plans to incentivise liquidity on the dex?
[telegram] <Cryppto> They allegedly hired Donald Trump. He will tweet about how great AtomicDEX is and how it makes it easier for him to shuffle his profits into anonymized crypto holdings. (re @McAttack77: What are the plans to incentivise liquidity on the dex?)
[telegram] <Iceman> 2k sats is a bit ? :3 (re @yorklab: Bitcoin spiked up and KMD had a bit of a run, so it's natural it would go down a bit.)
[telegram] <McAttack77> lol (re @Cryppto: They allegedly hired Donald Trump. He will tweet about how great AtomicDEX is and how it makes it easier for him to shuffle his profits into anonymized crypto holdings. )
[telegram] <yorklab> "AtomicAPI has a shared liquidity pool."
From the latest article on the AtomicDEX.
If 5 different projects us the same AtomicAPI they all share the same liquidity pool. (re @McAttack77: What are the plans to incentivise liquidity on the dex?)
[telegram] <yorklab> This could dramatically increase liquidity.
[telegram] <McAttack77> is there an incentive to hold KMD as an AtomicDEX user?
[telegram] <yorklab> From the decrypt article:
"Komodo initially plans to solve this by using market makers who will commit to buying and selling large amounts of coins on the platform."
[telegram] <yorklab> There was talk of having a 10% discounted dexfee for trading with KMD. (re @McAttack77: is there an incentive to hold KMD as an AtomicDEX user?)


{% if members %}
{% include 'xsd_members/components/member_list_table.html' with members=members member_url='xsd_members:MemberDetail' %}
{% else %}
{% if q %}
No results found for {{ q }}
{% else %}
Search here for member profiles. Please use either first or last names, not both.


Menu type: #1.5 DynamicTree example 2
- Dynamically editable in browser (see example 2)
- Export the structure of the tree to Html, Php or Sql
- State of the menu is saved in cookie
- Unlimited nesting
- Links are visible to search engines
- Accessible for user agents with javascript disabled (see /tests/test2.html)
- Object Oriented code, so you can create many menus on the same page
- Free for any use (BSD license)
Compatibility: Tested on: IE 5.0/5.5/6.0, Mozilla 1.4/1.7, Opera 7.11/7.23/7.52 Netscape 7.11, Firefox 0.7/0.8/0.9, Safari 1.2


Go-kart racers get their need for speed at Rio in Las Vegas
25 Nov 2019, 01:31 by Las Vegas Review-Journal
X30 Junior racer Connor Zilisch leads the pack down the straightaway during the SKUSA SuperNationals at the Rio on Sunday, Nov. 24, 2019, in Las Vegas. (L.E. Baskow/Las Vegas Review-Journal) @Left_Eye_Images
X30 Junior racer Connor Zilisch leads the pack down the straightaway during the SKUSA SuperNationals at the Rio on Sunday, Nov. 24, 2019, in Las Vegas. (L.E. Baskow/Las Vegas Review-Journal) @Left_Eye_Images
The X30 Masters fight for position on the track during the SKUSA SuperNationals at the Rio on Sunday, Nov. 24, 2019, in Las Vegas. (L.E. Baskow/Las Vegas Review-Journal) @Left_Eye_Images
Flags of all participating driver's nationalities fly beside the track during the SKUSA SuperNationals at the Rio on Sunday, Nov. 24, 2019, in Las Vegas. (L.E. Baskow/Las Vegas Review-Journal) @Left_Eye_Images
Fans watch the X30 Junior race during the SKUSA SuperNationals at the Rio on Sunday, Nov. 24, 2019, in Las Vegas. (L.E. Baskow/Las Vegas Review-Journal) @Left_Eye_Images
Spent kart tires are stacked up beside a garage in the pits during the SKUSA SuperNationals at the Rio on Sunday, Nov. 24, 2019, in Las Vegas. (L.E. Baskow/Las Vegas Review-Journal) @Left_Eye_Images
X30 Master drivers crash early in their race during the SKUSA SuperNationals at the Rio on Sunday, Nov. 24, 2019, in Las Vegas. (L.E. Baskow/Las Vegas Review-Journal) @Left_Eye_Images
Members of the Italian Birel ART chasis for karts enjoy the races from atop of their garage during the SKUSA SuperNationals at the Rio on Sunday, Nov. 24, 2019, in Las Vegas. (L.E. Baskow/Las Vegas Review-Journal) @Left_Eye_Images
X30 Master drivers stay tight in the S curve during the SKUSA SuperNationals at the Rio on Sunday, Nov. 24, 2019, in Las Vegas. (L.E. Baskow/Las Vegas Review-Journal) @Left_Eye_Images
Gas jugs are ready for each team to use during the SKUSA SuperNationals at the Rio on Sunday, Nov. 24, 2019, in Las Vegas. (L.E. Baskow/Las Vegas Review-Journal) @Left_Eye_Images
X30 Master driver Kip Foster leads the pack during the SKUSA SuperNationals at the Rio on Sunday, Nov. 24, 2019, in Las Vegas. (L.E. Baskow/Las Vegas Review-Journal) @Left_Eye_Images
X30 Junior racer James Wharton pulls away from the pack on a turn during the SKUSA SuperNationals at the Rio on Sunday, Nov. 24, 2019, in Las Vegas. (L.E. Baskow/Las Vegas Review-Journal) @Left_Eye_Images
X30 Master driver Kip Foster takes the checkered flag during the SKUSA SuperNationals at the Rio on Sunday, Nov. 24, 2019, in Las Vegas. (L.E. Baskow/Las Vegas Review-Journal) @Left_Eye_Images
Fans watch the X30 Master race during the SKUSA SuperNationals at the Rio on Sunday, Nov. 24, 2019, in Las Vegas. (L.E. Baskow/Las Vegas Review-Journal) @Left_Eye_Images
X30 Master driver Kip Foster, left, is congratulated on his win by fellow driver Matt Johnson following their race during the SKUSA SuperNationals at the Rio on Sunday, Nov. 24, 2019, in Las Vegas. (L.E. Baskow/Las Vegas Review-Journal) @Left_Eye_Images
The X30 Masters fight for position on the track during the SKUSA SuperNationals at the Rio on Sunday, Nov. 24, 2019, in Las Vegas. (L.E. Baskow/Las Vegas Review-Journal) @Left_Eye_Images
NASCAR’s season ended last weekend but if you needed a racing fix, the Rio was the place to be Sunday.
Under clear skies and temperatures in the low 60s, racers competed in the SKUSA SuperNationals go-kart event. The racing took place behind the Rio on a temporary track near Interstate 15.


2009 PWG F2F Meeting Schedule |
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
December |
Irvine, CA (hosted by Samsung) |
|
2009 |
|
February |
Waikoloa - Hawaii, HI (ISTO
Planned) |
April |
Mt. Laurel NJ (hosted by Oki
Data) |
June |
Rochester, NY (hosted by Xerox) |
August |
Seattle, WA (hosted by Microsoft) |
October |
Cupertino CA, (hosted by Apple) |
December |
Austin, TX (hosted by Dell) |
|
2010 |
|
February |
2-4 (hosted by MWAi, Scottsdale, AZ) |
April |
6-8 (Host TBD) |
June |
8-10 (tentatively hosted by Xerox, Rochester, NY) |
August |
10-12 (hosted by MPI Tech, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) |
October |
week of 18-22 (hosted by Lexmark, Lexington, KY) |
December |
7-9 (Host TBD) |
Copyright 2001-2009, Printer Working Group


Speech
Schools Minister Nick Gibb speaks at the Advisory Committee on Mathematics Education (ACME) annual conference.
Thank you Stephen. It is a great pleasure to be here and have the opportunity to discuss our plans for raising standards of mathematics in schools.
But before I begin, I would like to say a few words of thanks.
Thanks to a great deal of hard work by many in this room and beyond, more young people are taking maths and further maths at A Level than at any other point over the last decade. Last year, 75,547 students took the subject at A Level compared to just 44,156 in 2002, a 58 per cent increase.
On top of this, far more state schools are now entering students for further maths at A Level - a pre-requisite for entry onto maths’ degrees at many of our top universities. In 2004, less than 40 per cent of schools had students taking further maths, last year (with the support of the MEI and Further Maths Support Programme) the proportion had grown to 63 per cent.
These are positive steps in the right direction so thank you to everyone here, and also to Stephen and his team for the plans they are presenting to today’s conference on increasing participation in maths.
As Stephen knows, the government is committed to ensuring all young people in this country have a thorough grounding in maths by the age of 19.
We believe that mathematics is an essential part of every child’s educational armoury.
As fundamental to our day-to-day lives as the ability to read, maths allows us to navigate the world by calculating uncertainties and predicting outcomes; spotting patterns and irregularities; by making sense of the calculations of others.
It is also to mathematics that we look first to provide opportunities in study and employment. It is the skeleton-key subject: opening doors to other disciplines and jobs, from archaeology to architecture, engineering to economics, genetics to geology. I owe my own career in accountancy to an appreciation and interest in mathematics.
But we don’t see the study of maths in the narrow terms in which it is sometimes presented: a subject that we take to simply gain employment or pass an exam.
There is - as we all know - great beauty, fascination and depth to maths. The reoccurrence of patterns in nature. The symmetry of great music and art. The inter-related numbers that together govern the shape, size and texture of the universe.
Every single young person in this country should have the opportunity to appreciate and comprehend these aesthetics. To understand how one child’s obsession with mathematics and the sequences he saw in flower petals, could one day lead to the creation of a machine that would help save Western Europe from fascism. To understand how another man’s contempt for abstract mathematics and love of algebra could inspire him to write Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, one of the world’s most imaginative children’s books.
This is the true importance, breadth and scope of mathematics - yet over the years far too few children have been inspired to make sense of these connections, to fathom the links between maths and the great artistic and scientific movements.
Last week, the Sutton Trust revealed that this country is now 26th out of 34 leading nations for the number of young people achieving top grades in maths. Just 1.7 per cent of English 15-year-olds achieved the highest mark, compared with 7.8 per cent in Switzerland, the best performing European country, and 26.6 per cent in Shanghai. And in state comprehensive schools that figure is close to zero.
Our 15-year-olds’ maths skills are more than two whole academic years behind 15-year-olds in Shanghai. In the last decade, we have dropped down the international league tables: from 4th to 16th place in science; and from 8th to 28th in maths.
Earlier this month, academics at King’s College showed us that the number of young people with a poor grasp of basic calculation has more than doubled over the last 30 years. 15 per cent of pupils today failed to achieve the most basic standards - showing they can successfully solve problems involving doubling, trebling and halving - compared with just seven per cent in the mid-70s.
This lack of confidence with numbers is now having a profound impact on our society and our economy. In particular, we know many employers are deeply concerned at the poor level of maths amongst many school leavers.
According to the CBI, employer dissatisfaction over young people’s maths skills deepened by nine percentage points between 2008 and 2011. 32 per cent of employers polled by CBI would like, above all else, to see improvements in school leavers’ ability to do basic mental arithmetic, including multiplication, percentages and measures.
Most worrying of all perhaps, according to last year’s Skills for Life Survey, up to 17 million adults in this country have only the most basic skills in mathematics: that is to say they have the levels expected of 11-year-olds.
These kind of failures ask all of us to take a long, hard look at the system in which they occur, and keep occurring.
Why do only 58 per cent of children on free school meals achieve the expected levels in English and maths, compared to 78 per cent of all other pupils?
Why do so many pupils who secure top marks in maths at primary school fail to secure the highest grades at GCSE: last year, more than 37,000 young people fell into this category?
These are the questions the government is confronting as a matter of priority. We want to make it clear that mathematics is for all. We want to challenge the very brightest students to achieve to their full potential. We want to inspire more children to follow in the footsteps of the great mathematicians like Liebniz, Turing, Newton and Riemann.
To achieve this, we are working to an overarching objective of providing every child in the country with access to the very highest standard of education: irrespective of background. And that’s why all our reforms over the last two years have been, and will continue to be guided by three principal objectives.
Ambition, autonomy and opportunity. These are the hallmarks of every high performing education system in the world - from Singapore to Finland, Shanghai to Alberta: all areas where teachers are respected and the highest educational attainment is expected of children.
This is why we have been taking urgent action to raise standards right across the state education system by cutting bureaucracy, supporting the very best teaching and giving heads much greater say over how they run their schools.
These are vital reforms and they will be of fundamental importance in raising standards of maths amongst pupils at our primary schools - particularly those from poorer backgrounds who have been let down the most over the years.
At key stage two last year, just 67 per cent of pupils eligible for free school meals achieved the expected level in mathematics compared to 83 per cent of all other pupils. The percentage of pupils with special educational needs who achieved the expected levels rose slightly, but still stands at only 38 per cent.
The highest performing education systems set clear, structured approaches to the teaching of maths, with unambiguous expectations and intelligent accountability.
We are determined to establish the same high standards to ensure that all children, especially those from poorer backgrounds, have access to the essential knowledge they need to compete with their peers around the world.
In June, we published our draft programme of study for mathematics: outlining our intention to establish the very highest expectations of primary schools and pupils.
We are also improving the structure and clarity of the maths curriculum in primary schools: setting out clear aims and giving teachers greater autonomy over how they teach.
On top of this, we are removing level descriptors to provide greater transparency and simplicity - so that teachers can focus on what to teach, rather than labelling pupils with a level every week, or term.
As many here will already know, the draft programme aims to ensure pupils are fluent in the fundamentals. Asking children to select and use appropriate written algorithms and to become fluent in mental arithmetic, underpinned by sound mathematical concepts: whilst also aiming to develop their competency in reasoning and problem solving.
More specifically, it responds to the concerns of teachers and employers by setting higher expectations of children to perform more challenging calculations with fractions, decimals, percentages and larger numbers.
There will, inevitably, be healthy differences of opinion in the mathematics’ community over what should, and shouldn’t be covered by teachers at primary school.
As it stands, the draft programme is very demanding but no more demanding than the curriculum in some high-performing countries. There is a focus on issues such as multiplication tables, long multiplication, long division and fractions.
Last month, the Carnegie Mellon University in the US published research by Robert Siegler that correlated fifth grade pupils’ proficiency in long division, and understanding of fractions, with improved high school attainment in algebra and overall achievement in maths, even after controlling for pupil IQ, parents’ education and income.
As Professor Siegler said: “We suspected that early knowledge in these areas was absolutely crucial to later learning of more advanced mathematics, but did not have any evidence until now… The clear message is that we need to improve instruction in long division and fractions…”
I know ACME are kindly taking a lead role in drawing together the views of many here on the draft programme of study, and are already in dialogue with the Department about what more we can do to improve it over the summer.
We want to have the broadest possible conversation on both direction and detail, which is why there will be a statutory consultation on the draft programme of study later this year. When the time comes, I ask colleagues to collect their thoughts and feed back to ACME so that we can ensure everyone’s views are heard.
As I’m sure Stephen knows, we are committed to securing improvements throughout the sector at both primary and secondary level. And I am enormously grateful to ACME, in particular, for its thoughtful, positive engagement with government over the last two years in promoting maths for all.
Today’s paper on Increasing provision and participation in post 16 mathematics is another very welcome, very important step forward but there are still significant challenges ahead of us.
It is no secret that this country has an exceptionally low rate of participation in mathematics beyond the age of 16. Fewer than 20 per cent of pupils go on to study maths in any form. And the Nuffield Foundation’s Survey, in 2010, revealed that we have the lowest level of participation in any of the 24 developed countries included in its survey: far below Estonia, the Czech Republic, Korea and Finland, which all achieve rates of close to 100 per cent.
On top of this, around 50 per cent of young people in this country enter post 16 education having failed to achieve an A* to C grade in GCSE maths - a basic requirement for many employers.
Last week, we took an important step towards tackling these issues with the announcement of important changes to funding and post 16 education provision.
Most importantly, we have accepted Professor Wolf’s recommendation that the study of maths should be a requirement for all young people, up to the age of 19, who have not achieved an A* to C grade at GCSE.
These are vital changes, squarely aimed at inspiring more young people to pursue maths, and to pursue it to a higher level.
The other, directly related area where we are looking to secure improvement is through GCSE and A level reform.
As the Secretary of State said earlier this month, the current GCSE exam system, in particular, needs reform with a welter of evidence to show exam boards are competing against one another in a way that lowers standards over time.
We are determined to tackle these issues head on by creating a world class system of qualifications that gives every young person the opportunity to acquire rigorous, robust qualifications at the age of 16.
We are also taking action at A Level, where similarly strong evidence has been emerging of grade inflation across subjects.
Professor Robert Coe, the head of Durham University’s exam evaluation team, has reported: ‘candidates with the same level of ability being awarded A Levels about a tenth of a grade higher every year since 1988.’ This means today’s students are typically achieving nearly two and a half grades higher than their peers 24 years ago.
In an effort to distinguish between these candidates, more and more universities are resorting to using their own tests.
50 universities used admissions tests for their 2009 cohort of students - 75 in 2012. In total, a quarter of all universities now require admission tests for specific courses on top of A Level requirements, including Cambridge, Imperial and Oxford.
To help restore confidence in standards, Ofqual is running a consultation on A Level reform, which ends in September. In particular, it is looking to strengthen the involvement of universities in A Level development and subject content, so that the style of questions and skills required can be determined by academics: with involvement from exam boards and learned bodies like the Royal Society and ACME.
Finally, I would like to say a few words about the importance of teaching in mathematics.
As one might expect, international research shows, time and again, that teacher quality is the single most important factor in pupil progress.
Studies in the United States have shown that a pupil taught for three consecutive years by a top 10 per cent performing teacher, can make as much as two years more progress than a pupil taught for the same period by a teacher in the bottom 10 per cent of performance.
Ofsted reported in May this year that the quality of maths teaching in this country is frequently outstanding, with staff placing a strong emphasis on pupils using and applying their arithmetic skills to solve a wide range of problems.
Many schools specifically recognise and promote the importance of subject knowledge, with an emphasis placed on developing the subject expertise of teachers.
But Ofsted has highlighted significant variability in performance, with examples of poor maths teaching mixed in with the very best.
We are determined to ensure all teachers have the freedom and flexibility they need to perform to the very highest professional levels.
But we also need to make sure we attract more able people into the profession: particularly in subjects like mathematics, which has the greatest shortage of teachers for any subject. One fifth of all vacancies in teaching are maths vacancies.
For this reason, we have made secondary mathematics a priority for recruitment into initial teacher training. Candidates with a first class degree in maths are now eligible for the very highest level of bursary: £20,000 to support them through their training.
At primary level, the Teaching Agency has also set aside more places for trainees on its Subject Specialist Primary ITT programmes: providing additional training for those teachers whose sole, or main job will be to teach maths in primary school.
These are important changes, designed to bring about a step change in our approach to maths education in this country.
The collapse of the global economy has highlighted the deep importance of using and understanding probability and statistics.
Technology is creating more demand for mathematicians in the workforce than ever before. The proliferation of information around us is demanding greater sophistication in our ability to understand numbers in everything we do: from taking out a loan to making sense of the news, marketing and advertising.
So, let me thank ACME once again for their tireless, inspirational work in promoting maths to so many thousands of young people in this country.
I look forward to working with Stephen and his team in the months, and years ahead, in promoting this most aesthetic of all the subjects.
Thank you
Published: 10 July 2012


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(Credit: "O.P.C." by Abstruse Goose)
Katrina Owen's talk on what she terms "Therapeutic Refactoring" takes a fascinating approach to spaghetti code that arrives without specs or documentation. The answer is so simple it could be mistaken for TDD itself. But "test driven development" doesn't describe how tests fit in here. She's using tests as inquiries. "Hello, codebase. What do you do and what are you expecting?" There's a bit of awe at watching an application reveal itself to a test doing nothing.
Watch the whole thing: Therapeutic Refactoring, by Katrina Owen, Scottish Ruby Conference 2012


On Saturday night, Kin and I saw Flogging Molly and Social Distortion. It’s been almost 15 years since I saw the latter – it was Anthony’s last concert and friends played “Ring of Fire” (their version) at his memorial service. So it’s always special to hear them play. This was their 40th anniversary tour, but Mike Ness still got it.
Visiting
I met Sam Wineburg for coffee, which was great. Talking with people who know my work is really helpful right now as I am working through the book revisions.


| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| Control | |
| GameEngine | |
| GameObjects |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Position |
MouseHandler.getMousePosition()
The getter of the mouse position
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
MouseHandler.setMousePosition(Position mousePosition)
The setter of the mouse position
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| Constructor and Description |
|---|
MouseHandler(Position mousePosition,
Player player)
Constructs a mouse handler to be used as a "MouseListener" for another class
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| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Position |
GameEngine.getMyMousePosition() |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
GameEngine.setMyMousePosition(Position myMousePosition) |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Position |
GameObjects.getPosition()
The getter of the object position
|
Position |
GameObjects.getTargetPosition()
The getter of the target position
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
double |
Position.getAngle(Position other)
This method is used to find the angle between the current position and another one
|
static double |
Position.getAngle(Position pos1,
Position pos2)
This method is used to find the angle between two positions
|
void |
ShooterEnemy.render(java.awt.Graphics g,
Position targetPosition)
You can see it in the GameObjects
|
void |
GameObjects.render(java.awt.Graphics g,
Position targetPosition)
It will be invoked to render the object
|
void |
Bullet.render(java.awt.Graphics g,
Position targetPosition)
You can see it in the GameObjects
|
void |
GameObjects.setPosition(Position position)
This is the setter of the position of the object.
|
void |
GameObjects.setTargetPosition(Position targetPosition)
The targetPosition setter
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
Bullet(java.awt.image.BufferedImage bulletImage,
Position targetPosition)
Constructs the bullet object.
|
Bullet(java.awt.image.BufferedImage bulletImage,
Position targetPosition,
Player player)
Constructs the bullet object.
|
EnemyBullets(java.awt.image.BufferedImage bulletImage,
Position targetPosition)
Constructs the EnemyBullets object.
|
EnemyBullets(java.awt.image.BufferedImage bulletImage,
Position targetPosition,
Player player)
Constructs the EnemyBullets object.
|
FollowerEnemy(java.awt.image.BufferedImage characterImage,
Position position)
Constructs the FollowerEnemy object.
|
GameObjects(java.awt.image.BufferedImage characterImage,
Position position)
Constructs the GameObjects object.
|
Player(java.awt.image.BufferedImage characterImage,
Position position)
Constructs the player object.
|
PlayerBullets(java.awt.image.BufferedImage bulletImage,
Position targetPosition)
Constructs the PlayerBullets object.
|
PlayerBullets(java.awt.image.BufferedImage bulletImage,
Position targetPosition,
Player player) |
Position(Position other)
Copy constructor.
|
ShooterEnemy(java.awt.image.BufferedImage characterImage,
Position position)
Constructs the ShooterEnemy object.
|


My biggest concern about tech is it's impact on the environment. Valuable minerals are mined in order to manufacture computers and smart phones. Energy goes into the production of these manchines. Then these products are thrown away and they contain some hazardous materials including mercury that can dramatically pollute the environment.
Hopefully manufacters can find ways to completely reuse the materials inside computers so that they don't need to be mined in extremely destructive and inhumane ways. Hopefully, tech can find ways to build computers locally so that less energy for transporting the computers to the users will be spent.
Through the internet, computers are raising consciousness about the environmental threat we face as a civilization. Unfortunately, computers also contribute to that threat. It's going to be interesting to see if the connectivity and knowledge we gain through computers will outweigh the environmentally destructive characteristics of the tech industry.


The seed stitch is a simple variation on the core stitch of knitting, which is commonly referred to as a straigh stitich or a garter stitch. The only difference between the basic stitch and the seed stitch is the use of an alternating purl stitch as opposed to justing just a repating straight stitch. The alternation and subsequent grouping of yarn is then what creates the different texture, and gives any pattern a distinct look.
To begin cast on an even number of sitiches. The pattern chart below shows a repeat of 4 stitches, but the same two stitches can be repeated any number of even times to achieve the desired height and width of the project.
Stitches that should be knit are indicated by |
Stitches that should be purled are indcated by -
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 | Column 4 |
|---|---|---|---|
Ravelry.com is useful because it has many different indices and categories in which the user can search through based on their pattern needs. One downfall is that it is hard to retrace your steps and find a pattern again without saving it, as it will often reorder patterns, and feature different results from your prior searches.


Are You Self-Aware or Oblivious?
I’m not one to worry about people’s opinions very often. I’ll admit I’m one of those people that tends to clear the path and do good by my own intent not for the approval of others. However, life is of course more complex than that. It’s often stated, “perception is reality” for far to many.
But often, to move forward toward my own goals I need to get an updated check of other’s perceptions of what reality is for them. The reason is simple, to achieve my goals and others’ to achieve their goals we all are going to work together on things. It’s a simple thing really, it’s how humanity and society move forward as a whole.
Observations
I go through these cycles of gut checks, inquiries into others’ perceptions, collection of data, and the analysis of various situations I often get involved in. As I do this there are a lot of observations I’m able to make about other people’s self-awareness, or in some cases their obliviousness to what is actually going on. There are a number of specific things that tend to lead to this later scenario of obliviousness.
Being Self-important - When one falls from the graces of being humble, the risk of hubris becomes extreme. The self-important person doesn’t check with others on what’s going on, they become disconnected from what is happening with others with their team or other teams, and generally don’t communicate when needed to stay aware. Maintaining a humble demeanor, to stay approachable and also to make approaching others easier is fundamental to stay self-aware.
Unbalanced Introversion & Extroversion - There is the issue also, of over-communicating or under-communicating. If someone spends the majority of their time having water cooler conversations then they’re not moving forward with project conversations. The same with those not having water cooler talk and over-focusing on the project. The projects talk and water cooler talk interplay to build what becomes the story of what is made together. Striking a balance is very important.
Leadership Through Fear or Domination - This issue or summed up much more efficiently as leadership through fear and domination is really no leadership at all, it’s simply really poor bothersome management. It might work half-assed when you’re the authoritarian dictator of some second class Government with a military behind you, but that’s just a stop gap between now and you’re pending failure anyway. See world history for further references, but for right here and now suffice it to say you are not an authoritarian dictator. Being so will insure that you are not aware of the intent or pending actions of those working for you. You can also rest assured that people only work for you, not with working with you, inspired by you, or thinking for you.
Douchebag Check - Seriously, does this need explained? Well, just to make sure people are aware of this time, let’s talk about it for a moment. Being a prick, douchebag, or any number of descriptions that fit the Silicon Valley Stereotype (nuance note I wrote stereotype, not saying all SVers) won’t serve anybody well over time. Eventually stepping outside of the bubble you’ll find yourself routinely passed on, checked, or directly stopped. Even with wealth and power, behaving like a uncouth brat will eventually slow or crash the most powerful. Case in point give a look see at Uber and Travis Kalanick’s disreputable behavior that he continuously struggles to keep in check (or does he?)
Misogny, Racism, and General Unconscious Bias - If you’re just racist, misogynistic, or some other bigot, I’m not sure why you’re aware of this and still reading my blog. Unless you’re trying to be a better person and have fewer issues in life and be more successful and less hateful, then read on. This is another area that severely reduces self-awareness if you’re directly and actively attracted and showing characteristics of these hateful behaviors. But, everybody at some time or another has some level of unconscious bias. This behavior towards other people we interact with on a daily basis can and is harmful. Identifying where our upbringing, general observations, how these have broken us, or to inadvertently discriminate against others is important to find and learn how to resolve.
Obliviousness Prevention & Fixes
I’ve written this, but it all begs the question, “what can I as an individual tactically and strategically do to prevent being oblivious?” Knowing to even ask that question is the starting point of becoming more aware of one’s self, one’s surroundings, and beyond.
Listen or more specifically I tend to say “STFU and listen”. Why so harshly, because it’s something we as people rarely do enough, and even more rarely do well. Listening is a multi-faceted skill. It isn’t just letting words or sounds be spoken or made toward your ears, that’d be fairly useless without comprehension and retention.
Unconscious Bias is most effectively countered by actively learning about others, reading and learning about bias and how we show this on a daily basis, and especially how it effects others around us. Remove these behaviors as often as possible. In the end the more diverse a team you work with, the more insight and solutions come forward, and the most all of the team gains. Otherwise, through research and more than a few studies, we know as a society that unconscious bias pushes people out.
Serving Your Team as Contributor or Leader is the way you get the maximum out of your projects, and succeed most frequently. Again, I won’t go into vast detail since there’s more books than a person can read on the topic, and the internet is just sitting there waiting for you to do a search on the topic. But suffice it to say, if you’re leading or contributing always look for new ways to do so, look for ways to clear the path for your team, look for ways to set precedent and be an effective example. There isn’t any reason to wait, there isn’t a downside, move yourself and everybody forward. This is the type of leadership, and contributor interaction is what encourages others to look to you as a fellow member, a person to trust, and a person worth working with.
Humble in action, teach like a mentor, and help the team come to good, effective, and insightful answers. If you argue, then both work together to trace back the argument, get to the facts, and research what the diffidence is, and resolve it! Even if you know you’re right, but one disagrees, help find an amiable way to provide the information you used to come to the conclusion you have. Even if you’re looked at as a very senior person on staff, don’t act as if you’re above you’re fellow team. In the end, it doesn’t matter if you are or aren’t, you all still need to be successful. The side benefit of being humble, is you become approachable and people will come to you with problems and will also work more effectively with you for solutions.
For introversion and extroversion some ideas I’ve always worked with is to divide the day between these activities. Remember that meeting invites are simply that, invites. Control your scheduling, time box things, and you’ll gain control of the balance you’ll need to manage communication that comes from introverted or extroverted behaviors.
That’s it for now… onward to some #Golang.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load i18n %} {% load static %} {% block Content %}
Your identity assurance level of {{ id_token_payload.ial }} is insufficient to gain access you personal health information (PHI). You will need to verify your identity before you can gain full access. Please see your point of contact to complete this step. {% else%} Get my data from the Health Information Exchange of New York (HIXNY) {% endifequal %}
{{ id_token }}


Web Components - Router Demo
Press the buttons to change the state shown in the router outlet. Also try using your browser's native navigation buttons to go to previous states.
Route 1
Route 2
Image Element
Home


@@include('../partials/head/head.html')
Name Name
Date of Birth: 04.02.1996
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Phone:
+ 380 (098) 678 67 67
Device:
-
Shipping address:
-
Total orders in the amount of:
-
Number of reviews:
-
Number of orders:
-
460
Paid
I don’t have a phone and I want the courier to call me ...
Delivered
460
Paid
I don’t have a phone and I want the courier to call me ...
Delivered
460
Paid
I don’t have a phone and I want the courier to call me ...
Delivered
460
No Paid
I don’t have a phone and I want the courier to call me ...
Cancelled
460
No Paid
I don’t have a phone and I want the courier to call me ...
Cancelled
The most frequent comments on orders:


Interface for build loggers that require that out/err streams be set in order to function.
« More »ConfigurationException is thrown by Phing during the configuration and setup phase of the project.
« More »Abstract class providing properties and methods common to all the project components
« More »Wrapper class that holds the attributes of a Task (or elements nested below that level) and takes care of configuring that element at runtime.
« More »Wrapper class that holds all information necessary to create a task that did not exist when Phing started.
« More »Filter which includes only those lines that contain all the user-specified strings.
« More »Filter which includes only those lines that contain the user-specified regular expression matching strings.
« More »This is a Php comment and string stripper reader that filters those lexical tokens out for purposes of simple Php parsing.
« More »This is an abstract class for platform specific filesystem implementations you have to implement each method in the platform specific filesystem implementation classes Your local filesytem implementation must extend this class.
« More »This is an abstract task that should be used by all those tasks that require to include or exclude files based on pattern matching.
« More »Extracts one or several zip archive using PEAR Archive_Zip (which is presently unreleased and included with Phing).
« More »ZendCodeAnalyzerTask analyze PHP source code using the ZendCodeAnalyzer included in Zend Studio 5.1
« More »Creates a zip archive using PEAR Archive_Zip (which is presently unreleased and included with Phing).
« More »Scans a list of files given by the fileset attribute, extracts all subclasses of PHPUnit(2)_Framework_TestCase / PHPUnit(2)_Framework_TestSuite.
« More »This abstract class describes classes that format the results of a PHPUnit2 testrun.
« More »Prints short summary output of the test to Phing's logging system.
« More »Child class of "FormatterElement", overrides setType to provide other formatter classes for SimpleTest
« More »Prints plain text output of the test to a specified Writer.
« More »Appends text, contents of a file or set of files defined by a filelist to a destination file.
« More »This is an abstract task that should be used by all those tasks that require to include or exclude files based on pattern matching.
« More »Executes PHP function or evaluates expression and sets return value to a property.
« More »This task is for using filter chains to make changes to files and overwrite the original files.
« More »Task for resolving relative paths and setting absolute path in property value.
« More »Sets the given property if the specified target has a timestamp greater than all of the source files.
« More »The FileSet class provides methods and properties for accessing and managing filesets.
« More »Base class for those classes that can appear inside the build file as stand alone data types.
« More »Description is used to provide a project-wide description element (that is, a description that applies to a buildfile as a whole).
« More »Subclass as hint for supporting tasks that the included directories instead of files should be used.
« More »Moved out of MatchingTask to make it a standalone object that could be referenced (by scripts for example).
« More »This is the interface to be used by all custom selectors, those that are called through the <custom> tag.
« More »An interface used to describe the actions required by any type of directory scanner that supports Selecters.
« More »This selector has a collection of other selectors, all of which have to select a file in order for this selector to select it.
« More »Convenience base class for all selectors accessed through ExtendSelector.
« More »This is the base class for selectors that can contain other selectors.
« More »Selector that filters files based on whether they contain a particular string using regexp.
« More »Selector that filters files based on whether they contain a particular string.
« More »Selector that filters files based on whether they are newer than a matching file in another directory tree.
« More »Selector that filters files based on the how deep in the directory tree they are.
« More »This selector has a collection of other selectors, any of which have to select a file in order for this selector to select it.
« More »Selector that filters files based on whether they appear in another directory tree.
« More »Utility class that collects the functionality of the various scanDir methods that have been scattered in several tasks before.
« More »


optextras: Tools to Support Optimization Possibly with Bounds and Masks
Tools to assist in safely applying user generated objective and
derivative function to optimization programs. These are primarily function
minimization methods with at most bounds and masks on the parameters.
Provides a way to check the basic computation of objective functions that
the user provides, along with proposed gradient and Hessian functions,
as well as to wrap such functions to avoid failures when inadmissible parameters
are provided. Check bounds and masks. Check scaling or optimality conditions.
Perform an axial search to seek lower points on the objective function surface.
Includes forward, central and backward gradient approximation codes.
| Version: |
2016-8.8 |
| Depends: |
numDeriv |
| Published: |
2016-08-08 |
| Author: |
John C Nash [aut, cre] |
| Maintainer: |
John C Nash <nashjc at uottawa.ca> |
| License: |
GPL-2 |
| NeedsCompilation: |
no |
| Materials: |
NEWS |
| CRAN checks: |
optextras results |
Downloads:
Reverse dependencies:
Linking:
Please use the canonical form
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=optextras
to link to this page.


Binary Search
Click the
result
tab on the codepen to see it in action.
Binary search is an algorithm used to find the position of an item in a sorted array.
Given array arr
and target T
, we divide and conquer
to search for the index of a target value by iteratively applying the following operations (L and R are the lower and upper bounds of the search space, inclusive):
- Find the
midpoint
of the subarrayarr.slice(L, R)
- On the first run of the algorithm,
L=0
andR=arr.length-1
- On subsequent runs, we use previous values of L and R as the search space narrows
- Midpoint will be
Math.min((L+R)/2)
- Compare
arr[midpoint]
toT
. - If
arr[midpoint]===T
we found the index. Return the indexmidpoint
. - Else,
T
is either to the “right” (greater than) or the “left” (less than) of the currentmidpoint
.
- Since we assume the array is sorted, we can determine which half
T
lies in.- If
arr[midpoint]>T
, thenT
lies in the lower half - Else,
T
lies in the upper half.
- If
- We adjust the search space accordingly.
- If
arr[midpoint]>T
- the new upper index is
midpoint-1
- re-use the current iteration’s lower index
- the new upper index is
- If
arr[midpoint]<T
- the new lower index is
midpoint+1
- re-use the current iteration’s upper index
- the new lower index is
Each loop, check iteration quit conditions:
- If L > R, the item does not exist in the array
- If loop count is equal to the number of elements in the array, the item does not exist in the array (or the input is not sorted)
Before running the loop, we also exclude a few cases in which we cannot reasonably run the search.
- If an array or target is not supplied, or if the array length is <=1
- If the
typeof target
does not equal thetypeof arr[0]
- (we already checked that
arr
exists so we knowarr[0]
is accessible)
- (we already checked that
- If the
typeof arr
is not an array
aaaand a test runner!
We can also write a simple test runner to check the algorithm’s output.
A test runner is basically code that runs code and tells you what happened when it ran. Usually we have expectations about what code will do when it is given certain inputs, so you can supply the runner with these expectations, or expected results. The runner will run the code you provide with these inputs, compare them to the expected results, and then give you a list of code that passed (met the expected result) or failed (did not meet the expected result).
This test runner is simple: we hard-code in the function call, and for each test, we use .apply()
(docs)
to apply the arguments array to the function.
We record the function outputs and compare them to the expected results for each test.
Then, we’ll write a simple function to list out the description for each test, expected and actual results, and a pass or fail formatting based on whether the tests matched or failed to match expectations.


Lifeline Pregnancy Help Clinic is a non-profit, Christ-centered organization that upholds the value of human life through the care of pregnant women and those affected by an unplanned pregnancy. We exist to save and change lives.
Lifeline was established in 1997 and since has been serving women and families from all of Northeast Missouri. Our service areas are broad, but our overall goal is the same: to serve all with an open heart and open arms as they progress through pregnancy and into parenthood.
The Center is open Monday - Thursday: Monday - Wednesday: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Thursday: 10:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. Phone:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Lifeline Pregnancy Help Clinic Board of Directors 2015
Jeannie Maillie – Chair
Sherie Eklof – Vice Chair
Chad McNeely – Secretary
Sue Fouch – Treasurer
Joyce Lundstrom
Ashley McCarty


The Thing
A scientific expedition discovers a crashed alien spacecraft in Antarctica. A group of desperate scientists penetrate into its depths and unexpectedly for themselves opens Pandora's box. Among impassable snow and icy mountains, released to freedom Something satisfied research station terrible slaughter.


Mr. JOSEPH AYO FINANCIAL TRUST BANK NO: 17 COLE STREET, VICTORIA - ISLAND LAGOS - NIGERIA Dear Friend, My name is Mr.JOSEPH AYO a staff FINANCIAL TRUST BANK. I have this urgent deal to transact with you if you can do it. There is an unclaimed deposited fund of $15 Million in the name of Jame Johnson with no traceable address.This fund has stayed over 10 years in the bank without a claimant.Professionally, any unclaimed money for a period exceeding 10 years is recovered by the bank. I being in the position of the file.I wants any foreign partner to assume the next of kin of the late James Johnson and write to the Financial Trust Bank for claims. I will advice you adequately on how to do it when I hear from you. Bear in mind that I will stand as a neutral body to the whole transaction. You will only be dealing with any attorney we choose. Your compensation has been taken into consideration as the account provider. To be precise, your share is 20% of the Total amount. Any financial assistance we receive from you will be given back to you immediately the fund gets into your account.I am willing to give you the details of the money and the way we can execute the deal successfully but let me see the desire from you first.Please observe utmost confidentiality and be rest assured that this transaction would be most profitable for both of us because I shall require your assistance to invest my share in your country. Please upon the receipt of this mail message, send to me the following,to enable start the process of the fund into your bank account: 1. Your full Name and address. 2. Your private Telephone and fax numbers Awaiting your urgent reply via my alternative<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Thank you, Sincerely. Mr. Joseph Ayo. ___________________________________________________________________________ Mail sent from WebMail service at Xoopster.com - http://www.xoopster.com/


{% extends "marketplace/proj_volunteer_task_base.html" %} {% block taskcontents %} {% if project_task %}
Task: {{ project_task.name }}
Remember to put all the results of your work into the appropriate documents and/or repositories designated for this task.
You don't have any active task in this project.
{% endif %} {% endblock %}


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: The New IE7 & WMP11 author: Leask author_login: leask author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: https://leaskh.com wordpress_id: 431 wordpress_url: http://leaskh.wordpress.com/2006/10/31/the-new-ie7-wmp11 date: '2006-10-31 07:15:56 +0800' date_gmt: '2006-10-31 07:15:56 +0800' categories: - Computers and Internet tags: [] comments: [] ---


The Domain > Authentication page shows the authentication mechanism that is configured for the domain. See Authentication Settings.
You can also manage the admin console login authentication URL and the single sign on web client login settings from this page.
When ZCS is configured for single sign-on authentication to the Zmail Web Client, the server is configured to redirect users to a specific URL. You can configure the web client sign in and sign out URL and the UAs allowed for the sign in URL on the domain.
In the Web client login redirect URL text box, type the URL to redirect users to when the auth token is expired.
In the Web client logout redirect URL text box, type the URL to redirect users to when they click Sign out.
In the Allowed user agent when login text box, type the supported platforms and browsers that are allowed. If you do not set this, all user agents (UA) are allowed. Click Add to add more than type.
In the Allowed user agent when logout text box, type the sign out URL and UAs allowed to redirect users to when they sign out. Click Add to add more than one type
In Allowed IP when login text box, type the IP addresses that are allowed as the sign out URL.
In Allowed IP when logout text box, type the IP addresses that are allowed as the sign out URL.
Click Save.
Example of how to enter text to describe the user agent if you wanted to limit access to only Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome, and Safari on computers running Windows, and Safari on Apple Mac Computers. Enter each in a separate text box.
.*Windows.*Firefox/3
.*MSIE.*Windows.*
.*Windows.*Chrome.*
.*Windows.*Safari.*
.*Macintosh.*Safari.*


Chris Hemsworth looks cool while surfing as he reveals yet another reason to lov
Chris Hemsworth is already a talented actor, loving husband and devoted family man.
And now pictures reveal he’s excellent at surfing too.
If he wasn’t so awesome we would have to hate him.
The Avengers star was spotted riding some waves in his homeland of Australia and looking very cool about it all.
In an Instagram post he revealed he was at Urban Surf in Melbourne.
Alongside the snaps he wrote: ‘Straight off the plane and into the pool for more waves than I’ve had all year!’
Chris seems calm and collected as he navigates a huge wave.
If that was us we’d have fallen off the surf board and be looking like a total mess by now.
Advertisement Advertisement
But you can’t help but adore the Thor actor, especially with all the love he’s been giving out recently.
Only at the weekend he showed his soft side by sharing an old photo of young Chris and his mum, wishing her a happy birthday.
‘Happy birthday mum. True champion of champions. Love ya x’
Absolute angel.
And earlier in the month Chris was spotted cuddling his really cute dog on the beach.
He was out enjoying the sun and fresh air with his whole family – his wife Elsa Pataky and his three children, India Rose, seven and Tristan and Sasha, five.
Honestly can you get any more perfect than that?
To top it all off, the 36-year-old bought a house right next to his brother Liam in Broken Head, near Byron Bay to be there for his brother after the shock split from Miley Cyrus.
Got a showbiz story?
If you've got a story, video or pictures get in touch with the Metro.co.uk Entertainment team by emailing us<EMAIL_ADDRESS>calling 020 3615 2145 or by visiting our Submit Stuff page - we'd love to hear from you.


This medium-large, dark brown eagle is stocky, with rounded wings and a short tail. Its short black and white fan-shaped nuchal crest gives it a thick-necked appearance. The bare facial skin and feet are yellow. The underside is spotted with white and yellowish-brown. When perched the wing tips do not reach until the tail tip. In soaring flight, the broad and paddle-shaped wings are held in a shallow. The tail and underside of the flight feathers are black with broad white bars. Young birds show a lot of white on the head.The tarsus is unfeathered and covered by hexagonal scales. The upper mandible does not have an overhanging festoon to the tip.
Voice Variety of loud ringing musical whistling or screaming in flight.
Crested Serpent-Eagle feeds mainly on reptiles such as snakes, lizards and frogs. It also consumes small birds, small mammals such as mice, and large insects.
They fly over the forest canopy on broad wings and tail have wide white and black bars. They call often with a loud, piercing and familiar three or two-note call. They often feed on snakes, giving them their name and are placed along with the Circaetus snake-eagles in the subfamily Circaetinae.
Serpent eagle are found forested habitats across tropical Asia.


{% extends "global/Page.html" %}
{% load otree static %}
{% block title %}
Results
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
The number of correct answers is {{ player.correct }}.
You earned {{ Earnings }}.
The correct answers are:
Portfolio A has p = 0.4 and r = 3. You invest 10 tokens in Portfolio A and nothing in B or C.
The random number drawn by the computer is 0.3.
Your earnings for this round are {{ Constants.sol1 }}.
Portfolio A has p = 0.4 and r = 3. You invest 10 tokens in Portfolio A and nothing in B or C.
The random number drawn by the computer is 0.8.
Your earnings for this round are {{ Constants.sol2 }}.
Portfolio A has p = 0.4 and r = 3. Portfolio B has p = 0.6 and r = 2.
You invest 4 tokens in Portfolio A, 6 tokens in Portfolio B, and nothing in C.
The random number drawn by the computer for A is 0.3, and for B it is 0.4.
Your earnings for this round are {{ Constants.sol3 }}.
Portfolio A has p = 0.4 and r = 3. Portfolio B has p = 0.6 and r = 2.
You invest 4 tokens in Portfolio A, 6 tokens in Portfolio B, and nothing in C.
The random number drawn by the computer for A is 0.8, and for B it is 0.4.
Your earnings for this round are {{ Constants.sol4 }}.
Portfolio A has p = 0.9 and r = 4. Portfolio B has p = 0.2 and r = 1.2.
The portfolio that is more likely to give you a higher return
on your investment is {{ Constants.sol5 }}.
{% next_button %}
{% endblock %}


{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block pageTitle %} Error {% endblock %} {% block content %}
You are not allowed to view this page.
Email us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>if you need to speak to somebody about your application. We aim to respond within 2 working days.


Nova contains a suite of unit tests, in the nova/tests directory.
Any proposed code change will be automatically rejected by the OpenStack Jenkins server [1] if the change causes unit test failures.
Run the unit tests by doing:
./run_tests.sh
This script is a wrapper around the nose testrunner and the pep8 checker.
The run_tests.sh script supports several flags. You can view a list of flags by doing:
run_tests.sh -h
This will show the following help information:
Usage: ./run_tests.sh [OPTION]...
Run Nova's test suite(s)
-V, --virtual-env Always use virtualenv. Install automatically if not present
-N, --no-virtual-env Don't use virtualenv. Run tests in local environment
-s, --no-site-packages Isolate the virtualenv from the global Python environment
-r, --recreate-db Recreate the test database (deprecated, as this is now the default).
-n, --no-recreate-db Don't recreate the test database.
-x, --stop Stop running tests after the first error or failure.
-f, --force Force a clean re-build of the virtual environment. Useful when dependencies have been added.
-p, --pep8 Just run pep8
-P, --no-pep8 Don't run pep8
-c, --coverage Generate coverage report
-h, --help Print this usage message
--hide-elapsed Don't print the elapsed time for each test along with slow test list
Because run_tests.sh is a wrapper around nose, it also accepts the same flags as nosetests. See the nose options documentation for details about these additional flags.
Instead of running all tests, you can specify an individual directory, file, class, or method that contains test code.
To run the tests in the nova/tests/scheduler directory:
./run_tests.sh scheduler
To run the tests in the nova/tests/test_libvirt.py file:
./run_tests.sh test_libvirt
To run the tests in the HostStateTestCase class in nova/tests/test_libvirt.py:
./run_tests.sh test_libvirt:HostStateTestCase
To run the ToPrimitiveTestCase.test_dict test method in nova/tests/test_utils.py:
./run_tests.sh test_utils:ToPrimitiveTestCase.test_dict
By default, when one or more unit test fails, all of the data sent to the logger during the failed tests will appear on standard output, which typically consists of many lines of texts. The logging output can make it difficult to identify which specific tests have failed, unless your terminal has a large scrollback buffer or you have redirected output to a file.
You can suppress the logging output by calling run_tests.sh with the nose flag:
--nologcapture
By default, the tests use the Python packages installed inside a virtualenv [2]. (This is equivalent to using the -V, --virtualenv flag). If the virtualenv does not exist, it will be created the first time the tests are run.
If you wish to recreate the virtualenv, call run_tests.sh with the flag:
-f, --force
Recreating the virtualenv is useful if the package dependencies have changed since the virtualenv was last created. If the tools/pip-requires or tools/install_venv.py files have changed, it’s a good idea to recreate the virtualenv.
By default, the unit tests will see both the packages in the virtualenv and the packages that have been installed in the Python global environment. In some cases, the packages in the Python global environment may cause a conflict with the packages in the virtualenv. If this occurs, you can isolate the virtualenv from the global environment by using the flag:
-s, --no-site packages
If you do not wish to use a virtualenv at all, use the flag:
-N, --no-virtual-env
Some of the unit tests make queries against an sqlite database [3]. By default, the test database (tests.sqlite) is deleted and recreated each time run_tests.sh is invoked (This is equivalent to using the -r, --recreate-db flag). To reduce testing time if a database already exists it can be reused by using the flag:
-n, --no-recreate-db
Reusing an existing database may cause tests to fail if the schema has changed. If any files in the nova/db/sqlalchemy have changed, it’s a good idea to recreate the test database.
Running Tests from Shared Folders
If you are running the unit tests from a shared folder, you may see tests start to fail or stop completely as a result of Python lockfile issues [4]. You can get around this by manually setting or updating the following line in nova/tests/fake_flags.py:
FLAGS['lock_path'].SetDefault('/tmp')
Note that you may use any location (not just /tmp!) as long as it is not a shared folder.
Footnotes
| [1] | See Continuous Integration with Jenkins. |
| [2] | See Setting Up a Development Environment for more details about the use of virtualenv. |
| [3] | There is an effort underway to use a fake DB implementation for the unit tests. See https://lists.launchpad.net/openstack/msg05604.html |
| [4] | See Vish’s comment in this bug report: https://bugs.launchpad.net/nova/+bug/882933 |