A C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U Z
| adjust | Adjust data for the effect of other variable(s) |
| change_scale | Rescale a numeric variable |
| change_scale.data.frame | Rescale a numeric variable |
| change_scale.grouped_df | Rescale a numeric variable |
| change_scale.numeric | Rescale a numeric variable |
| chisq_to_cohens_w | Conversion Chi-Squared to Phi or Cramer's V |
| chisq_to_cramers_v | Conversion Chi-Squared to Phi or Cramer's V |
| chisq_to_phi | Conversion Chi-Squared to Phi or Cramer's V |
| cliffs_delta | Effect size for non-parametric (rank sum) tests |
| cohens_d | Effect size for differences |
| cohens_f | Effect size for ANOVA |
| cohens_f_squared | Effect size for ANOVA |
| cohens_g | Effect size for contingency tables |
| cohens_h | Effect size for contingency tables |
| cohens_w | Effect size for contingency tables |
| convert_d_to_common_language | Convert Standardized Mean Difference to Common Language Effect Sizes |
| convert_d_to_odds | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| convert_d_to_oddsratio | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| convert_d_to_r | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| convert_logoddsratio_to_d | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| convert_logoddsratio_to_r | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| convert_oddsratio_to_d | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| convert_oddsratio_to_r | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| convert_odds_to_d | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| convert_odds_to_probs | Convert between Odds and Probabilities |
| convert_odds_to_r | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| convert_probs_to_odds | Convert between Odds and Probabilities |
| convert_r_to_d | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| convert_r_to_odds | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| convert_r_to_oddsratio | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| cramers_v | Effect size for contingency tables |
| data_adjust | Adjust data for the effect of other variable(s) |
| d_to_common_language | Convert Standardized Mean Difference to Common Language Effect Sizes |
| d_to_odds | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| d_to_oddsratio | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| d_to_r | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| effectsize | Effect Size |
| effectsize-CIs | Confidence Intervals |
| effectsize.aov | Effect Size |
| effectsize.BFBayesFactor | Effect Size |
| effectsize.htest | Effect Size |
| epsilon_squared | Effect size for ANOVA |
| equivalence_test.effectsize_table | Test for Practical Equivalence |
| eta2_to_f | Convert between ANOVA effect sizes |
| eta2_to_f2 | Convert between ANOVA effect sizes |
| eta_squared | Effect size for ANOVA |
| eta_squared_posterior | Effect size for ANOVA |
| f2_to_eta2 | Convert between ANOVA effect sizes |
| format.effectsize_table | Methods for 'effectsize' tables |
| format_standardize | Transform a standardized vector into character |
| F_to_d | Convert test statistics (t, z, F) to effect sizes of differences (Cohen's d) or association (*partial* r) |
| F_to_epsilon2 | Convert test statistics (F, t) to indices of *partial* variance explained (*partial* Eta / Omega / Epsilon squared and Cohen's f) |
| F_to_eta2 | Convert test statistics (F, t) to indices of *partial* variance explained (*partial* Eta / Omega / Epsilon squared and Cohen's f) |
| f_to_eta2 | Convert between ANOVA effect sizes |
| F_to_eta2_adj | Convert test statistics (F, t) to indices of *partial* variance explained (*partial* Eta / Omega / Epsilon squared and Cohen's f) |
| F_to_f | Convert test statistics (F, t) to indices of *partial* variance explained (*partial* Eta / Omega / Epsilon squared and Cohen's f) |
| F_to_f2 | Convert test statistics (F, t) to indices of *partial* variance explained (*partial* Eta / Omega / Epsilon squared and Cohen's f) |
| F_to_omega2 | Convert test statistics (F, t) to indices of *partial* variance explained (*partial* Eta / Omega / Epsilon squared and Cohen's f) |
| F_to_r | Convert test statistics (t, z, F) to effect sizes of differences (Cohen's d) or association (*partial* r) |
| get_effectsize_label | Checks if character is of a supported effect size |
| glass_delta | Effect size for differences |
| hardlyworking | Workers' salary and other information |
| hedges_g | Effect size for differences |
| interpret | Generic function for interpretation |
| interpret.lavaan | Interpret of indices of CFA / SEM goodness of fit |
| interpret.numeric | Generic function for interpretation |
| interpret.performance_lavaan | Interpret of indices of CFA / SEM goodness of fit |
| interpret_agfi | Interpret of indices of CFA / SEM goodness of fit |
| interpret_bf | Interpret Bayes Factor (BF) |
| interpret_cfi | Interpret of indices of CFA / SEM goodness of fit |
| interpret_d | Interpret standardized differences |
| interpret_delta | Interpret standardized differences |
| interpret_direction | Interpret direction |
| interpret_epsilon_squared | Interpret ANOVA effect size |
| interpret_ess | Interpret Bayesian diagnostic indices |
| interpret_eta_squared | Interpret ANOVA effect size |
| interpret_g | Interpret standardized differences |
| interpret_gfi | Interpret of indices of CFA / SEM goodness of fit |
| interpret_ifi | Interpret of indices of CFA / SEM goodness of fit |
| interpret_kendalls_w | Interpret Kendall's coefficient of concordance |
| interpret_nfi | Interpret of indices of CFA / SEM goodness of fit |
| interpret_nnfi | Interpret of indices of CFA / SEM goodness of fit |
| interpret_odds | Interpret Odds ratio |
| interpret_oddsratio | Interpret Odds ratio |
| interpret_omega_squared | Interpret ANOVA effect size |
| interpret_p | Interpret p-values |
| interpret_parameters | Interpret of standardized slopes |
| interpret_parameters.lm | Interpret of standardized slopes |
| interpret_pnfi | Interpret of indices of CFA / SEM goodness of fit |
| interpret_r | Interpret correlation |
| interpret_r2 | Interpret coefficient of determination (R2) |
| interpret_rfi | Interpret of indices of CFA / SEM goodness of fit |
| interpret_rhat | Interpret Bayesian diagnostic indices |
| interpret_rmsea | Interpret of indices of CFA / SEM goodness of fit |
| interpret_rope | Interpret Bayesian diagnostic indices |
| interpret_srmr | Interpret of indices of CFA / SEM goodness of fit |
| is.rules | Interpretation Grid |
| is_effectsize_name | Checks if character is of a supported effect size |
| kendalls_w | Effect size for non-parametric (rank sum) tests |
| logoddsratio_to_d | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| logoddsratio_to_r | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| logodds_to_d | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| logodds_to_r | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| mad_pooled | Pooled Standard Deviation |
| normalize | Normalize numeric variable to [0-1] range |
| normalize.data.frame | Normalize numeric variable to [0-1] range |
| normalize.grouped_df | Normalize numeric variable to [0-1] range |
| normalize.numeric | Normalize numeric variable to [0-1] range |
| oddsratio | Effect size for contingency tables |
| oddsratio_to_d | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| oddsratio_to_r | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| oddsratio_to_riskratio | Convert between Odds ratios and Risk ratios |
| odds_to_d | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| odds_to_probs | Convert between Odds and Probabilities |
| odds_to_probs.data.frame | Convert between Odds and Probabilities |
| odds_to_r | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| omega_squared | Effect size for ANOVA |
| phi | Effect size for contingency tables |
| phi_to_chisq | Conversion Chi-Squared to Phi or Cramer's V |
| plot.effectsize_table | Methods for 'effectsize' tables |
| print.effectsize_difference | Methods for 'effectsize' tables |
| print.effectsize_table | Methods for 'effectsize' tables |
| probs_to_odds | Convert between Odds and Probabilities |
| probs_to_odds.data.frame | Convert between Odds and Probabilities |
| ranktransform | (Signed) rank transformation |
| ranktransform.data.frame | (Signed) rank transformation |
| ranktransform.grouped_df | (Signed) rank transformation |
| ranktransform.numeric | (Signed) rank transformation |
| rank_biserial | Effect size for non-parametric (rank sum) tests |
| rank_epsilon_squared | Effect size for non-parametric (rank sum) tests |
| riskratio | Effect size for contingency tables |
| riskratio_to_oddsratio | Convert between Odds ratios and Risk ratios |
| rules | Interpretation Grid |
| r_to_d | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| r_to_odds | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| r_to_oddsratio | Convert between _d_, _r_ and _Odds ratio_ |
| sd_pooled | Pooled Standard Deviation |
| standardize | Standardization (Z-scoring) |
| standardize.data.frame | Standardization (Z-scoring) |
| standardize.default | Standardization (Z-scoring) |
| standardize.numeric | Standardization (Z-scoring) |
| standardize_info | Get Standardization Information |
| standardize_parameters | Parameters standardization |
| standardize_posteriors | Parameters standardization |
| t_to_d | Convert test statistics (t, z, F) to effect sizes of differences (Cohen's d) or association (*partial* r) |
| t_to_epsilon2 | Convert test statistics (F, t) to indices of *partial* variance explained (*partial* Eta / Omega / Epsilon squared and Cohen's f) |
| t_to_eta2 | Convert test statistics (F, t) to indices of *partial* variance explained (*partial* Eta / Omega / Epsilon squared and Cohen's f) |
| t_to_eta2_adj | Convert test statistics (F, t) to indices of *partial* variance explained (*partial* Eta / Omega / Epsilon squared and Cohen's f) |
| t_to_f | Convert test statistics (F, t) to indices of *partial* variance explained (*partial* Eta / Omega / Epsilon squared and Cohen's f) |
| t_to_f2 | Convert test statistics (F, t) to indices of *partial* variance explained (*partial* Eta / Omega / Epsilon squared and Cohen's f) |
| t_to_omega2 | Convert test statistics (F, t) to indices of *partial* variance explained (*partial* Eta / Omega / Epsilon squared and Cohen's f) |
| t_to_r | Convert test statistics (t, z, F) to effect sizes of differences (Cohen's d) or association (*partial* r) |
| unstandardize | Standardization (Z-scoring) |
| z_to_d | Convert test statistics (t, z, F) to effect sizes of differences (Cohen's d) or association (*partial* r) |
| z_to_r | Convert test statistics (t, z, F) to effect sizes of differences (Cohen's d) or association (*partial* r) |


"I want to be good." Waking the Dead
By Ross Anthony
It's kind of like oatmeal. Without honey or milk, it tastes rather bland, but sticks to your ribs all day. Some wholesome thing inside you. One right thing you did.
If you're in love, you'll empathize. But if you're not, you'll say, "Man, it's been a long time. I'd sure like to do that again."
A new genre: political romance. A civics love story. Left meets right and falls in love. In the farout 70's, Fielding Pierce, a young man born to succeed in office, stumbles across Sarah, a revolutionary-minded bleeding-heart with a twist of the Catholic. Of course they hop right into bed -- and my goodness, these are some hot and steamy love scenes. All would be hunky-dory hadn't the news reported Sarah's untimely death during her libertarian mission down in Chile. A decade later and smack dab in the middle of his campaign for office, Fielding starts to pretend he's seeing and hearing Sarah again (or is she really there?). Coupled with gradually corrupting powers of politics, his seductive visions set him struggling with political goals, family expectations, personal morals, and sanity.
Billy Crudup plays the role extremely well, but mostly without pungency, save for a few exemplary outstanding Oscar moments. In one scene, he thinks Sarah's on the phone. He's shaking and crying and believably moved to near vomit. In another pinnacle scene, he announces to his family that he may be losing his marbles. It's wonderful: fancy restaurant, proper dinner party and then this guttural outburst. Fantastic performances. Billy was very good in another prosaic movie this time last year: "Hi-Lo Country". Jennifer Connelly also performs well. In fact all do, and the direction is sharp; it's just that the script is rather like oatmeal -- bland.
The ending narrative is unnecessary and out of place in a movie that's all about thinking and feeling. The people/letter scene is excellent and would have served the slightly-open resolution well.
There is also an interview with director Keith Gordon on the site!
Waking the Dead. Copyright © 2000. Starring Billy Crudup, Jennifer Connelly, Molly Parker, Janet McTeer, Paul Hipp. Sandra Oh, Hal Holbrook. Directed by Keith Gordon Screenplay by Robert Dillon, based upon the novel by Scott Spencer. Produced by Keith Gordon, Stuart Kleinman, Linda Reisman at Egg/Gramercy/USA (C)2000. Rated R.
Grade..........................B
-- Copyright © 2000. Ross Anthony, currently based in Los Angeles, has scripted and shot documentaries, music videos, and shorts in 35 countries across North America, Europe, Africa and Asia. For more reviews visit: http://RossAnthony.com
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--- layout: newsstory title: News Story match: BSC Willenhall 3 Yeltz 2 ---
I guess many others share my lack of enthusiasm for the Senior Cups. A crowd of just 90 saw us lose to Willenhall 3-2 in the B'ham variety despite us twice being ahead from Nathan and The Pope. Oh well.
More serious knockout action occurs on Saturday when we travel to Sutton Coldfireld in the Trophy. This is definitely a competition we want to do well in (with prize money available), so I'm hoping for a good performance to put us into the hat with the Conference teams.


A Little Princess
by Frances Hodgson Burnett
Chapter 7: The Diamond Mines Again
Additional Information
- Year Published: 1906
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: England
- Source: Burnett F. H. (1906). The Little Princess.London, England: Warne.
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 6.3
- Word Count: 6,923
- Genre: Adventure
- Keywords: 20th century literature, american literature, childrenõs literature
- ✎ Cite This
Downloads
When Sara entered the holly-hung schoolroom in the afternoon, she did so as the head of a sort of procession. Miss Minchin, in her grandest silk dress, led her by the hand. A manservant followed, carrying the box containing the Last Doll, a housemaid carried a second box, and Becky brought up the rear, carrying a third and wearing a clean apron and a new cap. Sara would have much preferred to enter in the usual way, but Miss Minchin had sent for her, and, after an interview in her private sitting room, had expressed her wishes.
“This is not an ordinary occasion,” she said. “I do not desire that it should be treated as one.”
So Sara was led grandly in and felt shy when, on her entry, the big girls stared at her and touched each other’s elbows, and the little ones began to squirm joyously in their seats.
“Silence, young ladies!” said Miss Minchin, at the murmur which arose. “James, place the box on the table and remove the lid. Emma, put yours upon a chair. Becky!” suddenly and severely.
Becky had quite forgotten herself in her excitement, and was grinning at Lottie, who was wriggling with rapturous expectation. She almost dropped her box, the disapproving voice so startled her, and her frightened, bobbing curtsy of apology was so funny that Lavinia and Jessie tittered.
“It is not your place to look at the young ladies,” said Miss Minchin. “You forget yourself. Put your box down.”
Becky obeyed with alarmed haste and hastily backed toward the door.
“You may leave us,” Miss Minchin announced to the servants with a wave of her hand.
Becky stepped aside respectfully to allow the superior servants to pass out first. She could not help casting a longing glance at the box on the table. Something made of blue satin was peeping from between the folds of tissue paper.
“If you please, Miss Minchin,” said Sara, suddenly, “mayn’t Becky stay?”
It was a bold thing to do. Miss Minchin was betrayed into something like a slight jump. Then she put her eyeglass up, and gazed at her show pupil disturbedly.
“Becky!” she exclaimed. “My dearest Sara!”
Sara advanced a step toward her.
“I want her because I know she will like to see the presents,” she explained. “She is a little girl, too, you know.”
Miss Minchin was scandalized. She glanced from one figure to the other.
“My dear Sara,” she said, “Becky is the scullery maid. Scullery maids—er—are not little girls.”
It really had not occurred to her to think of them in that light. Scullery maids were machines who carried coal scuttles and made fires.
“But Becky is,” said Sara. “And I know she would enjoy herself. Please let her stay—because it is my birthday.”
Miss Minchin replied with much dignity:
“As you ask it as a birthday favor—she may stay. Rebecca, thank Miss Sara for her great kindness.”
Becky had been backing into the corner, twisting the hem of her apron in delighted suspense. She came forward, bobbing curtsies, but between Sara’s eyes and her own there passed a gleam of friendly understanding, while her words tumbled over each other.
“Oh, if you please, miss! I’m that grateful, miss! I did want to see the doll, miss, that I did. Thank you, miss. And thank you, ma’am,”—turning and making an alarmed bob to Miss Minchin— “for letting me take the liberty.”
Miss Minchin waved her hand again—this time it was in the direction of the corner near the door.
“Go and stand there,” she commanded. “Not too near the young ladies.”
Becky went to her place, grinning. She did not care where she was sent, so that she might have the luck of being inside the room, instead of being downstairs in the scullery, while these delights were going on. She did not even mind when Miss Minchin cleared her throat ominously and spoke again.
“Now, young ladies, I have a few words to say to you,” she announced.
“She’s going to make a speech,” whispered one of the girls. “I wish it was over.”
Sara felt rather uncomfortable. As this was her party, it was probable that the speech was about her. It is not agreeable to stand in a schoolroom and have a speech made about you.
“You are aware, young ladies,” the speech began—for it was a speech—”that dear Sara is eleven years old today.”
“Dear Sara!” murmured Lavinia.
“Several of you here have also been eleven years old, but Sara’s birthdays are rather different from other little girls’ birthdays. When she is older she will be heiress to a large fortune, which it will be her duty to spend in a meritorious manner.”
“The diamond mines,” giggled Jessie, in a whisper.
Sara did not hear her; but as she stood with her green-gray eyes fixed steadily on Miss Minchin, she felt herself growing rather hot. When Miss Minchin talked about money, she felt somehow that she always hated her—and, of course, it was disrespectful to hate grown-up people.
“When her dear papa, Captain Crewe, brought her from India and gave her into my care,” the speech proceeded, “he said to me, in a jesting way, `I am afraid she will be very rich, Miss Minchin.’ My reply was, `Her education at my seminary, Captain Crewe, shall be such as will adorn the largest fortune.’ Sara has become my most accomplished pupil. Her French and her dancing are a credit to the seminary. Her manners—which have caused you to call her Princess Sara—are perfect. Her amiability she exhibits by giving you this afternoon’s party. I hope you appreciate her generosity. I wish you to express your appreciation of it by saying aloud all together, `Thank you, Sara!’”
The entire schoolroom rose to its feet as it had done the morning Sara remembered so well.
“Thank you, Sara!” it said, and it must be confessed that Lottie jumped up and down. Sara looked rather shy for a moment. She made a curtsy—and it was a very nice one.
“Thank you,” she said, “for coming to my party.”
“Very pretty, indeed, Sara,” approved Miss Minchin. “That is what a real princess does when the populace applauds her. Lavinia”—scathingly—”the sound you just made was extremely like a snort. If you are jealous of your fellow-pupil, I beg you will express your feelings in some more lady-like manner. Now I will leave you to enjoy yourselves.”
The instant she had swept out of the room the spell her presence always had upon them was broken. The door had scarcely closed before every seat was empty. The little girls jumped or tumbled out of theirs; the older ones wasted no time in deserting theirs. There was a rush toward the boxes. Sara had bent over one of them with a delighted face.
“These are books, I know,” she said.
The little children broke into a rueful murmur, and Ermengarde looked aghast.
“Does your papa send you books for a birthday present?” she exclaimed. “Why, he’s as bad as mine. Don’t open them, Sara.”
“I like them,” Sara laughed, but she turned to the biggest box. When she took out the Last Doll it was so magnificent that the children uttered delighted groans of joy, and actually drew back to gaze at it in breathless rapture.
“She is almost as big as Lottie,” someone gasped.
Lottie clapped her hands and danced about, giggling.
“She’s dressed for the theater,” said Lavinia. “Her cloak is lined with ermine.”
“Oh,” cried Ermengarde, darting forward, “she has an opera-glass in her hand—a blue-and-gold one!”
“Here is her trunk,” said Sara. “Let us open it and look at her things.”
She sat down upon the floor and turned the key. The children crowded clamoring around her, as she lifted tray after tray and revealed their contents. Never had the schoolroom been in such an uproar. There were lace collars and silk stockings and handkerchiefs; there was a jewel case containing a necklace and a tiara which looked quite as if they were made of real diamonds; there was a long sealskin and muff, there were ball dresses and walking dresses and visiting dresses; there were hats and tea gowns and fans. Even Lavinia and Jessie forgot that they were too elderly to care for dolls, and uttered exclamations of delight and caught up things to look at them.
“Suppose,” Sara said, as she stood by the table, putting a large, black-velvet hat on the impassively smiling owner of all these splendors—”suppose she understands human talk and feels proud of being admired.”
“You are always supposing things,” said Lavinia, and her air was very superior.
“I know I am,” answered Sara, undisturbedly. “I like it. There is nothing so nice as supposing. It’s almost like being a fairy. If you suppose anything hard enough it seems as if it were real.”
“It’s all very well to suppose things if you have everything,” said Lavinia. “Could you suppose and pretend if you were a beggar and lived in a garret?”
Sara stopped arranging the Last Doll’s ostrich plumes, and looked thoughtful.
“I believe I could,” she said. “If one was a beggar, one would have to suppose and pretend all the time. But it mightn’t be easy.”
She often thought afterward how strange it was that just as she had finished saying this—just at that very moment—Miss Amelia came into the room.
“Sara,” she said, “your papa’s solicitor, Mr. Barrow, has called to see Miss Minchin, and, as she must talk to him alone and the refreshments are laid in her parlor, you had all better come and have your feast now, so that my sister can have her interview here in the schoolroom.”
Refreshments were not likely to be disdained at any hour, and many pairs of eyes gleamed.
Becky, who was not expected to partake of refreshments, had the indiscretion to linger a moment to look at these beauties—it really was an indiscretion.
“Go back to your work, Becky,” Miss Amelia had said; but she had stopped to pick up reverently first a muff and then a coat, and while she stood looking at them adoringly, she heard Miss Minchin upon the threshold, and, being smitten with terror at the thought of being accused of taking liberties, she rashly darted under the table, which hid her by its tablecloth.
Miss Minchin came into the room, accompanied by a sharp- featured, dry little gentleman, who looked rather disturbed. Miss Minchin herself also looked rather disturbed, it must be admitted, and she gazed at the dry little gentleman with an irritated and puzzled expression.
She sat down with stiff dignity, and waved him to a chair.
“Pray, be seated, Mr. Barrow,” she said.
Mr. Barrow did not sit down at once. His attention seemed attracted by the Last Doll and the things which surrounded her. He settled his eyeglasses and looked at them in nervous disapproval. The Last Doll herself did not seem to mind this in the least. She merely sat upright and returned his gaze indifferently.
“A hundred pounds,” Mr. Barrow remarked succinctly. “All expensive material, and made at a Parisian modiste’s. He spent money lavishly enough, that young man.”
Miss Minchin felt offended. This seemed to be a disparagement of her best patron and was a liberty.
Even solicitors had no right to take liberties.
“I beg your pardon, Mr. Barrow,” she said stiffly. “I do not understand.”
“Birthday presents,” said Mr. Barrow in the same critical manner, “to a child eleven years old! Mad extravagance, I call it.”
Miss Minchin drew herself up still more rigidly.
“Captain Crewe is a man of fortune,” she said. “The diamond mines alone—”
Mr. Barrow wheeled round upon her. “Diamond mines!” he broke out. “There are none! Never were!”
Miss Minchin actually got up from her chair.
“What!” she cried. “What do you mean?”
“At any rate,” answered Mr. Barrow, quite snappishly, “it would have been much better if there never had been any.”
“Any diamond mines?” ejaculated Miss Minchin, catching at the back of a chair and feeling as if a splendid dream was fading away from her.
“Diamond mines spell ruin oftener than they spell wealth,” said Mr. Barrow. “When a man is in the hands of a very dear friend and is not a businessman himself, he had better steer clear of the dear friend’s diamond mines, or gold mines, or any other kind of mines dear friends want his money to put into. The late Captain Crewe—”
Here Miss Minchin stopped him with a gasp.
“The late Captain Crewe!” she cried out. “The late!  “Died of jungle fever and business troubles combined. The jungle fever might not have killed him if he had not been driven mad by the business troubles, and the business troubles might not have put an end to him if the jungle fever had not assisted. Captain Crewe is dead!”
Miss Minchin dropped into her chair again. The words he had spoken filled her with alarm.
“What were his business troubles?” she said. “What were they?”
“Diamond mines,” answered Mr. Barrow, “and dear friends—and ruin.”
Miss Minchin lost her breath.
“Ruin!” she gasped out.
“Lost every penny. That young man had too much money. The dear friend was mad on the subject of the diamond mine. He put all his own money into it, and all Captain Crewe’s. Then the dear friend ran away—Captain Crewe was already stricken with fever when the news came. The shock was too much for him. He died delirious, raving about his little girl—and didn’t leave a penny.”
 Her show pupil, her show patron, swept away from the Select Seminary at one blow. She felt as if she had been outraged and robbed, and that Captain Crewe and Sara and Mr. Barrow were equally to blame.
“Do you mean to tell me,” she cried out, “that he left nothing! That Sara will have no fortune! That the child is a beggar! That she is left on my hands a little pauper instead of an heiress?”
Mr. Barrow was a shrewd businessman, and felt it as well to make his own freedom from responsibility quite clear without any delay.
“She is certainly left a beggar,” he replied. “And she is certainly left on your hands, ma’am—as she hasn’t a relation in the world that we know of.”
Miss Minchin started forward. She looked as if she was going to open the door and rush out of the room to stop the festivities going on joyfully and rather noisily that moment over the refreshments.
“It is monstrous!” she said. “She’s in my sitting room at this moment, dressed in silk gauze and lace petticoats, giving a party at my expense.”
“She’s giving it at your expense, madam, if she’s giving it,” said Mr. Barrow, calmly. “Barrow & Skipworth are not responsible for anything. There never was a cleaner sweep made of a man’s fortune. Captain Crewe died without paying our last bill—and it was a big one.”
Miss Minchin turned back from the door in increased indignation. This was worse than anyone could have dreamed of its being.
“That is what has happened to me!” she cried.   The child was to have anything she wanted. She has a carriage and a pony and a maid, and I’ve paid for all of them since the last cheque came.”
Mr. Barrow evidently did not intend to remain to listen to the story of Miss Minchin’s grievances after he had made the position of his firm clear and related the mere dry facts. He did not feel any particular sympathy for irate keepers of boarding schools.
“You had better not pay for anything more, ma’am,” he remarked, “unless you want to make presents to the young lady. No one will remember you. She hasn’t a brass farthing to call her own.”
“But what am I to do?” demanded Miss Minchin, as if she felt it entirely his duty to make the matter right. “What am I to do?”
“There isn’t anything to do,” said Mr. Barrow, folding up his eyeglasses and slipping them into his pocket. “Captain Crewe is dead. The child is left a pauper. Nobody is responsible for her but you.”
“I am not responsible for her, and I refuse to be made responsible!”
Miss Minchin became quite white with rage.
Mr. Barrow turned to go.
“I have nothing to do with that, madam,” he said un- interestedly. “Barrow & Skipworth are not responsible. Very sorry the thing has happened, of course.”
“If you think she is to be foisted off on me, you are greatly mistaken,” Miss Minchin gasped. “I have been robbed and cheated; I will turn her into the street!”
If she had not been so furious, she would have been too discreet to say quite so much. She saw herself burdened with an extravagantly brought-up child whom she had always resented, and she lost all self-control.
Mr. Barrow undisturbedly moved toward the door.
“I wouldn’t do that, madam,” he commented; “it wouldn’t look well. Unpleasant story to get about in connection with the establishment. Pupil bundled out penniless and without friends.”
He was a clever business man, and he knew what he was saying. He also knew that Miss Minchin was a business woman, and would be shrewd enough to see the truth. She could not afford to do a thing which would make people speak of her as cruel and hard- hearted.
“Better keep her and make use of her,” he added. “She’s a clever child, I believe. You can get a good deal out of her as she grows older.”
“I will get a good deal out of her before she grows older!” exclaimed Miss Minchin.
“I am sure you will, ma’am,” said Mr. Barrow, with a little sinister smile. “I am sure you will. Good morning!”
He bowed himself out and closed the door, and it must be confessed that Miss Minchin stood for a few moments and glared at it. What he had said was quite true. She knew it. She had absolutely no redress. Her show pupil had melted into nothingness, leaving only a friendless, beggared little girl. Such money as she herself had advanced was lost and could not be regained.
And as she stood there breathless under her sense of injury, there fell upon her ears a burst of gay voices from her own sacred room, which had actually been given up to the feast. She could at least stop this.
But as she started toward the door it was opened by Miss Amelia, who, when she caught sight of the changed, angry face, fell back a step in alarm.
“What is the matter, sister?” she ejaculated.
Miss Minchin’s voice was almost fierce when she answered:
“Where is Sara Crewe?”
Miss Amelia was bewildered.
“Sara!” she stammered.
“A black frock?” Miss Amelia stammered again. “A black one?”
“She has frocks of every other color. Has she a black one?”
Miss Amelia began to turn pale.
“No—ye-es!” she said. “But it is too short for her. She has only the old black velvet, and she has outgrown it.”
“Go and tell her to take off that preposterous pink silk gauze, and put the black one on, whether it is too short or not. She has done with finery!”

“Oh, sister!” she sniffed. “Oh, sister! What can have happened?”
Miss Minchin wasted no words.
“Captain Crewe is dead,” she said. “He has died without a penny. That spoiled, pampered, fanciful child is left a pauper on my hands.”
Miss Amelia sat down quite heavily in the nearest chair.
“Hundreds of pounds have I spent on nonsense for her. And I shall never see a penny of it.  Go and make her change her frock at once.”
“I?” panted Miss Amelia. “M-must I go and tell her now?”
“This moment!” was the fierce answer. “Don’t sit staring like a goose. Go!”
Poor Miss Amelia was accustomed to being called a goose. She knew, in fact, that she was rather a goose, and that it was left to geese to do a great many disagreeable things. It was a somewhat embarrassing thing to go into the midst of a room full of delighted children, and tell the giver of the feast that she had suddenly been transformed into a little beggar, and must go upstairs and put on an old black frock which was too small for her. But the thing must be done. This was evidently not the time when questions might be asked.
 After which she got up and went out of the room, without venturing to say another word. When her older sister looked and spoke as she had done just now, the wisest course to pursue was to obey orders without any comment. Miss Minchin walked across the room. She spoke to herself aloud without knowing that she was doing it. During the last year the story of the diamond mines had suggested all sorts of possibilities to her. Even proprietors of seminaries might make fortunes in stocks, with the aid of owners of mines. And now, instead of looking forward to gains, she was left to look back upon losses.
“The Princess Sara, indeed!” she said. “The child has been pampered as if she were a queen.” She was sweeping angrily past the corner table as she said it, and the next moment she started at the sound of a loud, sobbing sniff which issued from under the cover.
“What is that!” she exclaimed angrily. The loud, sobbing sniff was heard again, and she stooped and raised the hanging folds of the table cover.
“How dare you!” she cried out. “How dare you! Come out immediately!”
It was poor Becky who crawled out, and her cap was knocked on one side, and her face was red with repressed crying.
“If you please, ‘m—it’s me, mum,” she explained. “I know I hadn’t ought to. But I was lookin’ at the doll, mum—an’ I was frightened when you come in—an’ slipped under the table.”
“You have been there all the time, listening,” said Miss Minchin.
“No, mum,” Becky protested, bobbing curtsies. “Not listenin’—I thought I could slip out without your noticin’, but I couldn’t an’ I had to stay. But I didn’t listen, mum—I wouldn’t for nothin’. But I couldn’t help hearin’.”
Suddenly it seemed almost as if she lost all fear of the awful lady before her. She burst into fresh tears.
“Oh, please, ‘m,” she said; “I dare say you’ll give me warnin, mum—but I’m so sorry for poor Miss Sara—I’m so sorry!”
“Leave the room!” ordered Miss Minchin.
Becky curtsied again, the tears openly streaming down her cheeks.
“Yes, ‘m; I will, ‘m,” she said, trembling; “but oh, I just wanted to arst you: Miss Sara—she’s been such a rich young lady, an’ she’s been waited on, ‘and and foot; an’ what will she do now, mum, without no maid?  I’d do ‘em that quick—if you’d let me wait on her now she’s poor.
Somehow, she made Miss Minchin feel more angry than ever. That the very scullery maid should range herself on the side of this child—whom she realized more fully than ever that she had never liked—was too much. She actually stamped her foot.
“No—certainly not,” she said. “She will wait on herself, and on other people, too. Leave the room this instant, or you’ll leave your place.”
Becky threw her apron over her head and fled. She ran out of the room and down the steps into the scullery, and there she sat down among her pots and kettles, and wept as if her heart would break.
“It’s exactly like the ones in the stories,” she wailed. “Them pore princess ones that was drove into the world.”
Miss Minchin had never looked quite so still and hard as she did when Sara came to her, a few hours later, in response to a message she had sent her.
Even by that time it seemed to Sara as if the birthday party had either been a dream or a thing which had happened years ago, and had happened in the life of quite another little girl.
Every sign of the festivities had been swept away; the holly had been removed from the schoolroom walls, and the forms and desks put back into their places. Miss Minchin’s sitting room looked as it always did—all traces of the feast were gone, and Miss Minchin had resumed her usual dress. The pupils had been ordered to lay aside their party frocks; and this having been done, they had returned to the schoolroom and huddled together in groups, whispering and talking excitedly.
“Tell Sara to come to my room,” Miss Minchin had said to her sister.  She has actually made no fuss at all. You remember she made none when Captain Crewe went back to India. When I told her what had happened, she just stood quite still and looked at me without making a sound. Her eyes seemed to get bigger and bigger, and she went quite pale. When I had finished, she still stood staring for a few seconds, and then her chin began to shake, and she turned round and ran out of the room and upstairs. Several of the other children began to cry, but she did not seem to hear them or to be alive to anything but just what I was saying. It made me feel quite queer not to be answered; and when you tell anything sudden and strange, you expect people will say something—whatever it is.”
Nobody but Sara herself ever knew what had happened in her room after she had run upstairs and locked her door. In fact, she herself scarcely remembered anything but that she walked up and down, saying over and over again to herself in a voice which did not seem her own, “My papa is dead! My papa is dead!”
Once she stopped before Emily, who sat watching her from her chair, and cried out wildly, “Emily! Do you hear? Do you hear— papa is dead? He is dead in India—thousands of miles away.”
When she came into Miss Minchin’s sitting room in answer to her summons, her face was white and her eyes had dark rings around them. Her mouth was set as if she did not wish it to reveal what she had suffered and was suffering. She did not look in the least like the rose-colored butterfly child who had flown about from one of her treasures to the other in the decorated schoolroom. She looked instead a strange, desolate, almost grotesque little figure.
She had put on, without Mariette’s help, the cast-aside black- velvet frock. It was too short and tight, and her slender legs looked long and thin, showing themselves from beneath the brief skirt.  She held Emily tightly in one arm, and Emily was swathed in a piece of black material.
“Put down your doll,” said Miss Minchin. “What do you mean by bringing her here?”
“No,” Sara answered. “I will not put her down. She is all I have. My papa gave her to me.”
She had always made Miss Minchin feel secretly uncomfortable, and she did so now. She did not speak with rudeness so much as with a cold steadiness with which Miss Minchin felt it difficult to cope—perhaps because she knew she was doing a heartless and inhuman thing.
“You will have no time for dolls in future,” she said. “You will have to work and improve yourself and make yourself useful.”
Sara kept her big, strange eyes fixed on her, and said not a word.
“Everything will be very different now,” Miss Minchin went on. “I suppose Miss Amelia has explained matters to you.”
“Yes,” answered Sara. “My papa is dead. He left me no money. I am quite poor.”
“You are a beggar,” said Miss Minchin, her temper rising at the recollection of what all this meant. “It appears that you have no relations and no home, and no one to take care of you.”
For a moment the thin, pale little face twitched, but Sara again said nothing.
“What are you staring at?” demanded Miss Minchin, sharply.  I tell you that you are quite alone in the world, and have no one to do anything for you, unless I choose to keep you here out of charity.”
“I understand,” answered Sara, in a low tone; and there was a sound as if she had gulped down something which rose in her throat.
Sara turned her head toward the chair.
“The Last Doll,” she said. “The Last Doll.” And her little mournful voice had an odd sound.
“The Last Doll, indeed!” said Miss Minchin. “And she is mine, not yours. Everything you own is mine.”
“Please take it away from me, then,” said Sara. “I do not want it.”
If she had cried and sobbed and seemed frightened, Miss Minchin might almost have had more patience with her.
“Don’t put on grand airs,” she said. “The time for that sort of thing is past. You are not a princess any longer. Your carriage and your pony will be sent away—your maid will be dismissed. You will wear your oldest and plainest clothes—your extravagant ones are no longer suited to your station. You are like Becky—you must work for your living.”
To her surprise, a faint gleam of light came into the child’s eyes—a shade of relief.
“Can I work?” she said. “If I can work it will not matter so much. What can I do?”
“You can do anything you are told,” was the answer.  If you make yourself useful I may let you stay here. You speak French well, and you can help with the younger children.”
“May I?” exclaimed Sara. “Oh, please let me! I know I can teach them.  “You will have to do more than teach the little ones. You will run errands and help in the kitchen as well as in the schoolroom. If you don’t please me, you will be sent away. Remember that. Now go.”
Sara stood still just a moment, looking at her. In her young soul, she was thinking deep and strange things. Then she turned to leave the room.
“Stop!” said Miss Minchin. “Don’t you intend to thank me?”
Sara paused, and all the deep, strange thoughts surged up in her breast.
“What for?” she said.
“For my kindness to you,” replied Miss Minchin. “For my kindness in giving you a home.”
Sara made two or three steps toward her. Her thin little chest heaved up and down, and she spoke in a strange un-childishly fierce way.
“You are not kind,” she said. “You are not kind, and it is not a home.” And she had turned and run out of the room before Miss Minchin could stop her or do anything but stare after her with stony anger.
She went up the stairs slowly, but panting for breath and she held Emily tightly against her side.
“I wish she could talk,” she said to herself. “If she could speak—if she could speak!”
She meant to go to her room and lie down on the tiger-skin, with her cheek upon the great cat’s head, and look into the fire and think and think and think. But just before she reached the landing Miss Amelia came out of the door and closed it behind her, and stood before it, looking nervous and awkward. The truth was that she felt secretly ashamed of the thing she had been ordered to do.
“You—you are not to go in there,” she said.
“Not go in?” exclaimed Sara, and she fell back a pace.
“That is not your room now,” Miss Amelia answered, reddening a little.
Somehow, all at once, Sara understood. She realized that this was the beginning of the change Miss Minchin had spoken of.
“Where is my room?” she asked, hoping very much that her voice did not shake.
“You are to sleep in the attic next to Becky.”
Sara knew where it was. Becky had told her about it. She turned, and mounted up two flights of stairs. The last one was narrow, and covered with shabby strips of old carpet. She felt as if she were walking away and leaving far behind her the world in which that other child, who no longer seemed herself, had lived. This child, in her short, tight old frock, climbing the stairs to the attic, was quite a different creature.
When she reached the attic door and opened it, her heart gave a dreary little thump. Then she shut the door and stood against it and looked about her.
Yes, this was another world. The room had a slanting roof and was whitewashed. The whitewash was dingy and had fallen off in places. There was a rusty grate, an old iron bedstead, and a hard bed covered with a faded coverlet. Some pieces of furniture too much worn to be used downstairs had been sent up.  Sara went to it and sat down. She seldom cried. She did not cry now.
And as she sat in this silence there came a low tap at the door— such a low, humble one that she did not at first hear it, and, indeed, was not roused until the door was timidly pushed open and a poor tear-smeared face appeared peeping round it.
“Oh, miss,” she said under her breath. “Might I—would you allow me—jest to come in?”
Sara lifted her head and looked at her. She tried to begin a smile, and somehow she could not. Suddenly—and it was all through the loving mournfulness of Becky’s streaming eyes—her face looked more like a child’s not so much too old for her years. She held out her hand and gave a little sob.
“Oh, Becky,” she said.  You see how true it is. There’s no difference now. I’m not a princess anymore.”
Becky ran to her and caught her hand, and hugged it to her breast, kneeling beside her and sobbing with love and pain.
“Yes, miss, you are,” she cried, and her words were all broken. “Whats’ever ‘appens to you—whats’ever—you’d be a princess all the same—an’ nothin’ couldn’t make you nothin’ different.”


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Abhishek Kandwal
Software Engineer Trainee
objective:
To improve myself with the organization and learn new technologies.
Education:
Qualification
board
Institude/College
b.tech
UTU
SCE
12
th
CBSE
SGRR
10
th
CBSE
SGRR
skills
c
python 3
web development [ html , css , js , php , mysqli , bootstrap ]
machine learning
photoshop


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class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Regression ### Stat 331 --- class: center, middle, inverse # Introduction Today we will learn about **linear models**, by studying the popularity of names over time. --- class: center, middle # Linear models --- # Linear models Consider the following mystery data, `x` and `y`. We would like to know if these two variables are related. ```r ggplot(sim1, aes(x, y)) + geom_point() ``` ![](Regression_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-1-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Linear models We could "guess" at a line through the points... ... but is this the **best** line??? ```r ggplot(sim1, aes(x, y)) + geom_point() + geom_abline(slope = 1.5, intercept = 7, color = "grey") ``` ![](Regression_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Linear models There are so many possible lines! ![](Regression_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-3-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Linear Models For a particular line, how much do we "miss" our data points by? *(We can never hit all of them with one straight line!)* ![](Regression_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-4-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Linear Models The **best** model is the one with the smallest **sum of squared residuals**. **R** can calculate this for us: ```r sim1_mod <- lm(y ~ x, data = sim1) coef(sim1_mod) ``` ``` ## (Intercept) x ## 4.220822 2.051533 ``` -- The object `y ~ x` is a **formula**. It takes the form "Response Variable ~ Explanatory Variable(s)" -- The function `lm` is **not pipe friendly!** --- # Best linear model ```r ggplot(sim1, aes(x, y)) + geom_point() + geom_abline(slope = 2.05, intercept = 4.22, color = "grey") ``` ![](Regression_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-6-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Best linear model Make **R** plot the model for you! ```r ggplot(sim1, aes(x, y)) + geom_point() + stat_smooth(method = "lm") ``` ![](Regression_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-7-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Model significance ```r summary(sim1_mod) ``` ``` ## ## Call: ## lm(formula = y ~ x, data = sim1) ## ## Residuals: ## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max ## -4.1469 -1.5197 0.1331 1.4670 4.6516 ## ## Coefficients: ## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) ## (Intercept) 4.2208 0.8688 4.858 4.09e-05 *** ## x 2.0515 0.1400 14.651 1.17e-14 *** ## --- ## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1 ## ## Residual standard error: 2.203 on 28 degrees of freedom ## Multiple R-squared: 0.8846, Adjusted R-squared: 0.8805 ## F-statistic: 214.7 on 1 and 28 DF, p-value: 1.173e-14 ``` --- # Model significance The variable `x` explains **88.05%** of the variance in the variable `y`. The slope of **2.05** is significantly different from 0 (t = **12.65**, p < 0.0001) The model is significant. (F = **214.7**, p < 0.0001) --- # Broom The package `broom` is nice for getting model output more conveniently: ```r library(broom) ``` ``` ## ## Attaching package: 'broom' ``` ``` ## The following object is masked from 'package:modelr': ## ## bootstrap ``` ```r sim1_results <- tidy(sim1_mod) sim1_results ``` ``` ## # A tibble: 2 x 5 ## term estimate std.error statistic p.value ## <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> ## 1 (Intercept) 4.22 0.869 4.86 4.09e- 5 ## 2 x 2.05 0.140 14.7 1.17e-14 ``` --- # Broom In R markdown: (replace quotes with tick marks) ``` The slope is "r sim1_results$estimate[2]" and the intercept is "r sim1_results$estimate[1]" ``` Gives: The slope is 2.0515331 and the intercept is 4.2208219 --- class: center, middle, inverse # An example analysis --- # The Data * Baby names in California from 1940-2016. * Only names with at least 50 recorded babies that year. * Information recorded: - the year - how many babies had that name - gender assigned at birth --- # Just Kellys For now, we will study only the name "Kelly": ``` ## # A tibble: 6 x 6 ## row State Gender Year Name Count ## <dbl> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <chr> <dbl> ## 1 1 CA F 1941 Kelly 6 ## 2 2 CA F 1943 Kelly 5 ## 3 3 CA F 1944 Kelly 7 ## 4 4 CA F 1945 Kelly 6 ## 5 5 CA F 1946 Kelly 7 ## 6 6 CA F 1947 Kelly 8 ``` --- # Trend in Kellys over time Let's take a look at how the name "Kelly" has changed over time. ![](Regression_files/figure-html/plot-1.png)<!-- --> Hmmm, interesting. There seems to be a spike at 1957. I wonder why that is. --- # By gender These days, you don't see many male Kellys. Lets track gender as well in our plot ![](Regression_files/figure-html/plot2-1.png)<!-- --> Why did the name Kelly suddenly get popular as a girl's name around 1957? Why did it spike again around 1978? --- # Is my name not cool any more? I was born in 1989. Let's look at only babies in the time frame since I was named. --- # A linear model We will create a linear model with the year as the explanatory variable, and the number of Kellys as the response. $$ Y = X + \epsilon $$ $$ (\text{Number of Kellys}) = (\text{Year}) + (\text{Random Noise}) $$ --- # A linear model ``` ## ## Call: ## lm(formula = Count ~ Year, data = kellys_89) ## ## Residuals: ## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max ## -375.65 -215.99 25.59 190.14 488.55 ## ## Coefficients: ## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) ## (Intercept) 32665.493 8034.043 4.066 0.000157 *** ## Year -16.193 4.012 -4.036 0.000172 *** ## --- ## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1 ## ## Residual standard error: 242.5 on 54 degrees of freedom ## Multiple R-squared: 0.2318, Adjusted R-squared: 0.2175 ## F-statistic: 16.29 on 1 and 54 DF, p-value: 0.0001724 ``` It does seem that the name Kelly has decreased significantly in popularity over time. Bummer. --- # Linear model Let's plot this linear model. ![](Regression_files/figure-html/plot3-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Residuals We should also check out the *residuals*. Although there are some automatic ways to do this, we'll do it by hand for practice. ```r kellys_89 <- kellys_89 %>% add_predictions(my_model) %>% mutate( residual = Count - pred ) ggplot(kellys_89, aes(x = Year, y = residual)) + geom_point() ``` ![](Regression_files/figure-html/residuals-1.png)<!-- --> **Nope - residuals are terrible! This is because we didn't account for gender.** --- # Gender What about by gender? ![](Regression_files/figure-html/gender model-1.png)<!-- --> --- # New residuals ![](Regression_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Conclusion ``` ## # A tibble: 4 x 5 ## term estimate std.error statistic p.value ## <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> ## 1 (Intercept) 60455. 1738. 34.8 1.11e-37 ## 2 Year -30.0 0.868 -34.5 1.60e-37 ## 3 GenderM -55580. 2458. -22.6 1.45e-28 ## 4 Year:GenderM 27.5 1.23 22.4 2.07e-28 ``` We conclude that the name "Kelly" is decreasing by about 30 babies per year for women, and about 2.5 babies per year for men. Overall, there are more female Kellys than male Kellys. Based on the residuals, a linear model is probably reasonable for the decrease in female Kellys, but not so much for the male Kellys, since the blue points follow somewhat of a curved "smile" pattern. --- class: center, middle, invert # PA 10 Replicate this analysis for a name of your choice. Use the template "Baby_Names.Rmd" to help you. However, this template has many errors that you will need to correct!


WinFS = Windows Foo System
Here. Mike Deem, PM on the WinFS team, lays out the core story of WinFS. It's an object store, not a file system. WinFS uses XML to describe the types of items that can be stored and then exposes .NET types for creating and finding items in the store.
Also, and this is where the confusion comes from (and the codename of the technology doesn't help), when a file is created in a certain part of the system (\\localhost\DefaultStore), an item is created in the underlying store automatically. This item is used to allow the same finding code to work for things that are file-backed, like images, and for things that aren't file-backed, like contacts.
Unfortunately, the story that Mike tells isn't complete yet, because custom item types can't be added using the PDC Longhorn bits, but a few of today's facts shouldn't ruin a good story of tomorrow. : )


{% from "macros/_form.html" import render_form %}
| Address | {{settings['address']}} |
| Configbits | {{settings['configbits']}} |
| Address Mask | {{settings['address_mask']}} |
| Zone Exander Emulation | {% for zexp in settings['emulate_zone'] %} {{zexp}} {% endfor %} |
| Relay Emulation | {% for relay in settings['emulate_relay'] %} {{relay}} {% endfor %} |
| LRR Emulation | {{settings['emulate_lrr']}} |
| Deduplicate | {{settings['deduplicate']}} |
| Panel Type | {{settings['mode']}} |
| Firmware version | {{settings['firmware']}} |
| Serial Number | {{settings['serial']}} |
| Device Flags | {{settings['flags']}} |


Welcome Guest.
I have been working as profesional iOS Developer for last 4 plus years.I have few open source contributions to give back to dev community.
When I am not working on my projects professional or person/ I like to contribute to open source projects. I have wrote xcode workflow scripts and have couple of open source source project that I try to maintain couple of that can be named as GMDKit and Xcode Auto version/build generator.
I have contributed to FastLane, Realm/Jazzy to name couple
I am at the moemnt looking for new challenging work, open to full-time, Contract to Hire and W2 contracts
Tool that I find useful in my dev quest
- Physics Body Path Generator SKPhysicsBody
Dev Apps that I found useful and use on daily basis
- Cocoa Rest Client Cocoa Rest Client


Introduction
Emails can be sent to users in many occasions:
-
when a user registers you need to send a confirmation link
-
when a user can’t remember the password you need to send a password reset link
-
some use cases require sending confirmation emails to users
-
you may need to send user data to a company email, like when suggesting a feature or asking for help
The Yada Framework approach to emails is similar to writing a web page: an html template is populated with values before being sent via a SMTP server you have configured.
Configuration
The configuration file holds the SMTP server configuration and other parameters:
<email>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<EMAIL_ADDRESS><logoImage>/template/email/mycompany-logo.png</logoImage>
<smtpserver>
<host>smtp.example.com</host>
<port>587</port>
<protocol>smtp</protocol>
<username>mysmtpuser</username>
<password>mysmtppassword</password>

<properties>mail.smtp.sendpartial=true</properties>
<properties>mail.smtp.auth=true</properties>
<properties>mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true</properties>
<properties>mail.smtp.quitwait=false</properties>
</smtpserver>

<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>
<blacklistPattern>.*invalid.*</blacklistPattern>
<EMAIL_ADDRESS></email>
- enabled
-
when false or not set, emails are not sent
- from
-
email address of the sender, usually a system account. Can be repeated to have more sender emails.
- logoImage (optional)
-
path of the logo to place in the email, relative to the
resources
folder - host
-
SMTP server address
- port
-
SMTP server port
- protocol
-
SMTP server protocol
- username
-
SMTP server login username
- password
-
SMTP server login password
- properties (optional)
-
list of java mail properties
- validEmail (optional)
-
list of authorized destination emails. When present, all emails to addresses not listed here are not sent. Useful in development and test environments to prevent sending fake emails to real users
- blacklistPattern (optional)
-
Regex patterns of email addresses that are not accepted at registration
Email Templates
Email content is defined using HTML templates as for web pages.
Templates must be saved in the src\main\resources\template\email
folder as html files.
You can use most of the standard Thymeleaf notation, considering that neither the Model nor the HTTP request are available.
Singleton beans ${@mybean}
and localized strings #{my.local.string}
work as usual.
Includes can also be used, with a path relative to the templates
folder.
Model attributes must be set on a new Map<String, Object>
and can be accessed the usual way with ${myobj}
.
URLs need a special handling: the @{/myurl}
syntax doesn’t work because the server address is unknown to Thymeleaf, so
a "Model attribute" with the full URL must be used instead. The YadaWebUtil.getFullUrl()
method exists for this purpose.
Example src\main\resources\template\email\bookVisit.html
:
<!DOCTYPE html>

<meta charset="UTF-8"/>

Booking confirmed

Day: 	10 january

Time: 	10:00 - 10:30

People: 	[[${totPeople}]]

Thank you for joining us.

If you need to cancel your booking, please click here

Email Subject
The subject of the email is localized and is defined in message.properties. The property name must have the format
email.subject.<templateName>
where <templateName>
is the name of the template html file without extension.
Example:
email.subject.bookVisit = Thank you for visiting {0}
Java Code
The YadaEmailService
class can be used to send emails using the sendHtmlEmail
methods.
It can also handle file attachments.
public void confirmVisit(Booking booking, String customerEmail, File catalog, Locale locale) {
final String emailName = "bookVisit";
final String[] toEmail = new String[] { customerEmail };
final String[] replyEmail = config.getEmailFrom();
String cancelLink = yadaWebUtil.getFullUrl("/booking/cancel/", locale, "bookingId", booking.getId());
final Map<String, Object> templateParams = new HashMap<>();
templateParams.put("slot", booking.getSlot());
templateParams.put("totPeople", booking.getTotPeople());
templateParams.put("cancelLink", cancelLink);
String[] subjectParams = new String[] {booking.storeName()};
final Map<String, File> attachments = new HashMap<>();
attachments.put(pdf.getName(), catalog);
Map<String, String> inlineResources = new HashMap<>();
inlineResources.put("logosmall", config.getEmailLogoImage());
yadaEmailService.sendHtmlEmail(replyEmail, toEmail, replyEmail[0], emailName, subjectParams, templateParams, inlineResources, attachments, locale, false);
}
Internationalization
The HTML of the email template can contain localized text expressed via the usual thymeleaf #{}
operator.
When you have emails with a lot of text, it may be more convenient to write the whole email in a specific language. Files for different languages other than the default one must have a _<lang> suffix. For example:
-
bookVisit.html
-
bookVisit_de.html
-
bookVisit_it.html


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John Watson knows of an operation called a right circular rotation on an array of integers. One rotation operation moves the last array element to the first position and shifts all remaining elements right one. To test Sherlock's abilities, Watson provides Sherlock with an array of integers. Sherlock is to perform the rotation operation a number of times then determine the value of the element at a given position.
For each array, perform a number of right circular rotations and return the value of the element at a given index.
For example, array a = [3,4,6], number of rotations k = 2 and indices to check m = [1,2].
First we perform the two rotations:
[3,4,5] -> [5,3,4] -> [4,5,3]Now return the values from the zero-based indices 1 and 2 as indicated in the m array.
a[1] = 5 a[2] = 3Complete the circularArrayRotation function in the editor below. It should return an array of integers representing the values at the specified indices.
circularArrayRotation has the following parameter(s):
The first line contains 3 space-separated integers, n , k, and q, the number of elements in the integer array, the rotation count and the number of queries.
The second line contains n space-separated integers, where each integer i describes array element a[i] (where 0 ≤ i < n ). Each of the q subsequent lines contains a single integer denoting m, the index of the element to return from a.
For each query, print the value of the element at index m of the rotated array on a new line.
| Sample Input | Sample Output |
|
3 2 3 1 2 3 0 1 2 |
2 |
|
3 2 3 1 2 3 0 1 2 |
2 |


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AP Top 25: Navy gives AAC 4 teams, 3rd-most by conference
by RALPH D. RUSSO, AP College Football WriterNavy moved into The Associated Press college football poll at No. 25, giving the American Athletic Conference four ranked teams, more than all but the Big Ten and the Southeastern Conference.
With nine ranked teams off this weekend, including four of the top five, there was little movement throughout the AP Top 25 presented by Regions Bank. LSU is No. 1 for a second consecutive week and Alabama is No. 2. The Tigers and Crimson Tide on Saturday will play the first regular-season 1-2 game since the same two did it in 2011.
Navy joins fellow AAC members No. 17 Cincinnati, No. 19 Memphis and No. 23 SMU in the Top 25. Four ranked teams matches a high for the 7-year-old American, which was born from the collapse of the Big East.
"UCF was the top vote-getter outside the Top 25," AAC Commissioner Mike Aresco said Sunday. "It think it validates what we've been trying to do. Our goal is depth."
Aresco has pushed for the American to be considered along-side the Power Five, branding the AAC a P6 conference.
"It shows that the conference continues to make progress," he said.
Ohio State is No. 3 as the margin among the top three teams widened a bit after last week's historically close vote. The first-place vote distribution stayed the same. The Tigers received 1,479 points and 17 first-place votes, Alabama had 1,472 points and 21 first places, and Ohio State got 1,467 points and 17 firsts. No. 4 Clemson received the other seven first-place votes and Penn State remained No. 5.
Georgia jumped two spots to No. 6 after beating Florida in the weekend's biggest game. The Gators slipped four spots to No. 10.
POLL POINTS
The first College Football Playoff selection committee rankings come out Tuesday night.
Since the selection committee started ranking teams around this point in the season, only last year did it have the same four teams in the top as the AP poll that was released two days earlier. And never has the first CFP rankings' first four matched the preceding AP top four.
Top fours in order:
2014
AP: Mississippi State, Florida State, Alabama, Auburn
CFP: Mississippi State, Auburn, Florida State, Mississippi
2015
AP: Ohio State, Baylor, Clemson, LSU
CFP: Clemson, LSU, Ohio State, Alabama
2016
AP: Alabama, Michigan, Clemson, Washington
CFP: Alabama, Clemson, Michigan, Texas A&M
2017
AP: Alabama, Georgia, Ohio State, Wisconsin
CFP: Georgia, Alabama, Notre Dame, Clemson
2018
AP: Alabama, Clemson, Notre Dame, LSU
CFP: Alabama, Clemson, LSU, Notre Dame
OUT
Appalachian State was the only team to fall out of the rankings this week. The Sun Belt Conference's lone representative lost for the first time this season, falling at home to Georgia Southern on Thursday.
CONFERENCE CALL
The American also had four ranked teams on Nov. 8, 2015 (Houston, Temple, Navy, Memphis). The Midshipmen are ranked for the first time since 2017 and already have more than doubled their win total from last season's disappointing 3-9 finish.
Big Ten - 6 (Nos. 3, 5, 13, 14, 16, 19)
SEC - 5 (Nos. 1, 2, 6, 10, 12)
American - 4 (Nos. 17, 19, 23, 25)
Big 12 - 3 (Nos. 9, 11, 20)
ACC - 2 (Nos. 4, 22)
Pac-12 - 2 (Nos. 7, 8)
Mountain West - 2 (Nos. 21, 24)
Independent - 1 (No. 15)
RANKED vs. RANKED
No. 1 LSU at No. 2 Alabama. A playoff eliminator? Or is this just for seeding?
No. 5 Penn State at No. 13 Minnesota. Coach P.J. Fleck's unbeaten Gophers could row the boat right into playoff contention.
No. 19 Iowa at No. 18 Wisconsin. Huge game in the Big Ten West.
___
Follow Ralph D. Russo at https://twitter.com/ralphDrussoAP and listen http://www.westwoodonepodcasts.com/pods/ap-top-25-college-football-podcast
___
More AP college football: https://apnews.com/APTop25CollegeFootballPoll and https://apnews.com/Collegefootball and https://twitter.com/AP_Top25


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Installation Guide¶
Production Installation¶
Prerequisites¶
Starbelly is offered as a collection of Docker images and Docker-compose configurations. If you’re not familiar with Docker, it is a system for deploying multiple software components into individual containers and orchestrating the entire system.
First, install Docker using the instructions for your platform.
Next, install Docker Compose using the instructions for your platform.
Docker Compose¶
Docker Compose is used to set up and run multiple Docker containers together.
You should have installed Docker Compose in the previous step. Now you need a
Docker Compose configuration file (usually called docker-compose.yml
) that
specifies what containers need to be created and how they should be configured.
A sample docker-compose.yml configuration file is available for Starbelly, but
you may need to tailor this file to your unique environment.
Download this zip file
and extract it. (If you have Git installed, you can run git clone
git@github.com:HyperionGray/starbelly-docker.git
instead.) From the
starbelly-docker/starbelly
directory, run the following command:
$ docker-compose up -d
This will download the required Docker images, create the corresponding containers, and then start the entire application on ports 80 and 443. Once the application has started, open up a browser and try navigating to the host where you are running Starbelly. The default username and password is “admin”.
You should see the Dashboard:
If you experience any problems, try using the command docker-compose logs
to view logging output from the Docker containers.
Security¶
If your Starbelly instance is exposed to the internet, then you should immediately do two things to secure it:
- Change the admin password.
- Create TLS certificates
The admin password is stored in a file called htpasswd
and it can be
created or edited using the htpasswd
command from the Apache2 utilities
package (called apache2-utils
on Ubuntu distributions). Install that package
and then run this command:
$ htpasswd -c passwd admin
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user admin
Type in the new password when prompted. You can change passwords or add
additional passwords to an existing file by running htpasswd passwd USER
,
where USER
is the username to change. When you are done, copy the passwd
file into the Docker container and remove the original.
$ docker cp passwd starbelly-web:/etc/nginx/tls/
$ docker exec starbelly-web nginx -s reload
2017/11/02 14:29:37 [notice] 1437#1437: signal process started
$ rm passwd
The default TLS certificate is automatically generated and self-signed when the container is created. If you have a valid domain name for your Starbelly server, then you should obtain a real certificate for it.
If you have obtained your own certificates, you can install them as follows,
where certificate.pem
is the full certificate chain in PEM format and
privatekey.pem
is the private key in PEM format.
$ docker cp certificate.pem starbelly-web:/etc/nginx/tls/server.crt
$ docker cp privatekey.pem starbelly-web:/etc/nginx/tls/server.key
$ docker exec starbelly-web nginx -s reload
2017/11/02 14:29:37 [notice] 1437#1437: signal process started
If you do not already have TLS certificates, you may obtain free certificates
from Let’s Encrypt. First, install the certbot
application using the instructions for your platform. Now run certbot to create initial certificates,
replacing YOUR_DOMAIN
with the fully qualified domain name of the server and
replacing /path/to/starbelly-docker/starbelly
with the path where you placed
the Starbelly docker configuration files from an earlier step.
$ cd /path/to/starbelly-docker/starbelly
$ certbot certonly \
--webroot -w certbot-webroot \
-d YOUR_DOMAIN \
--deploy-hook ./deploy-certbot.py
Plugins selected: Authenticator webroot, Installer None
Enter email address (used for urgent renewal and security notices) (Enter 'c' to
cancel): YOUR EMAIL HERE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Please read the Terms of Service at
https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.1.1-August-1-2016.pdf. You must agree
in order to register with the ACME server at
https://acme-staging.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A)gree/(C)ancel: a
...snip...
This command will attempt to get TLS certificates from the Let’s Encrypt server. If you’ve never run certbot on this server before, it will prompt you to enter a contact e-mail address and agree to the terms of service.
If certificate generation succeeds, it will install those certificates into the Docker container. This certificate is valid for 90 days and will need to be renewed before it expires. Create a daily cron job containing the following command to ensure that the certificate will be renewed appropriately.
certbot renew --deploy-hook /path/to/starbelly-docker/starbelly/deploy-certbot.py
Next Steps¶
Now that you have Starbelly up and running, take a look at Your First Crawl.
Developer Installation¶
Prerequisites¶
Separate Docker images are provided for developers who wish to contribute code to Starbelly. The development environment contains a few useful changes, such as mounting code from you local machine into the Docker container, automatically restarting the application server when the code is modified, etc.
Important
You should make sure that you understand the production installation above before attempting the developer installation.
In addition to the prerequisites for the production installation, you also need to install git for the developer installation. Checkout the following repositories into the same parent directory. If you do not have a GitHub account, you can check out the repositories using HTTPS:
- git clone https://github.com/hyperiongray/starbelly.git
- git clone https://github.com/hyperiongray/starbelly-docker.git
- git clone https://github.com/hyperiongray/starbelly-protobuf.git
- git clone https://github.com/hyperiongray/starbelly-web-client.git
If you do have a GitHub account, you should check out the repositories using SSH instead:
- git clone git@github.com:HyperionGray/starbelly.git
- git clone git@github.com:HyperionGray/starbelly-docker.git
- git clone git@github.com:HyperionGray/starbelly-protobuf.git
- git clone git@github.com:HyperionGray/starbelly-web-client.git
Finally, you should install Google Dart SDK. Note that the Pub packaging tool included
with Dart will install packages to /var/cache/pub
by default on Linux. This
location is mounted into one of the Docker containers so that Pub packages are
visible inside the container.
Docker Images¶
Next, you need to build the developer images. These images contain some additional development and debugging tools that are not present in the production images. Run the following commands:
$ cd /path/to/starbelly-docker/starbelly-dev
$ docker build -t starbelly-dev-app app
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB
Step 1/3 : FROM hyperiongray/starbelly-app:0.0.1
---> 3e201e933024
Step 2/3 : RUN apt-get install -y vim
---> Running in e1eca494dd23
Reading package lists...
...snip...
$ docker build -t starbelly-dev-web web
Sending build context to Docker daemon 5.632kB
Step 1/7 : FROM hyperiongray/starbelly-web:0.0.1
---> 652fcfaca537
Step 2/7 : RUN cd /tmp && openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout server.key -out server.crt -days 365 -nodes -subj '/CN=starbelly' && mv server.key server.crt /etc/nginx/tls
---> Running in dc86f5e609bf
...snip...
Now you have built the developer images for Starbelly.
Docker Compose¶
After you have built the developer images for Starbelly, the next step is to use Docker Compose to start up the entire environment. Run the following commands.
$ cd /path/to/starbelly-docker/starbelly-dev
$ docker-compose up
Creating network "starbellydev_default" with the default driver
Creating volume "starbellydev_web_tls" with default driver
Creating volume "starbellydev_db_data" with default driver
Creating starbelly-dev-app ...
Creating starbelly-dev-web ...
Creating starbelly-dev-db ...
...snip...
You should now be able to open the Starbelly GUI by pointing a web browser at your development server.
Important
The developer Docker images run the Starbelly server in automatic reload mode. If you edit a source file and save it, the server will automatically restart in order to run your latest code. Note that only changes to Python code and some static assets (e.g. CSS) trigger a reload; changes to configuration files do not trigger a reload.
TCP Ports¶
The developer image has some additional TCP ports exposed from the Docker containers to your localhost.
- Port 8000: the Starbelly server (websocket)
- Port 8001: Jupyter notebook (for experiments)
- Port 8002: RethinkDB GUI
- Port 8003: Pub Development Server
Dartium¶
The Starbelly web GUI is written in Dart. If you followed the steps above, you should already have installed the Dart SDK. Standard web browsers do not possess the Dart virtual machine required to run this Dart client code. When you connect with one of these standard browsers, the server automatically compiles the Dart code to JavaScript code and serves it to you.
This process can be slow, and during development you can save a lot of time by using a special browser called Dartium that includes the Dart virtual machine. When you access Starbelly through Dartium, the server will send Dart code to the browser, skipping the slow compilation step. Download Dartium from the Dart downloads page.
You can unzip the Dartium archive anywhere you want. One suitable place is
/opt/dartium
. To run it, execute the following command:
/opt/dartium/chrome
.


UKCloud Limited (“UKC”) and Virtual Infrastructure Group Limited (“VIG”) (together “the Companies”) – in Compulsory Liquidation
On 25 October 2022, the Companies were placed into Liquidation with the Official Receiver appointed as Liquidator and J Robinson and A M Hudson simultaneously appointed as Special Managers to manage the liquidation process on behalf of the Official Receiver.
Further information regarding the Liquidations can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/virtual-infrastructure-group-limited-and-ukcloud-limited-information-for-creditors-and-interested-parties
Contact details:
For any general queries relating to the Liquidations please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>For customer related queries please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>For supplier related queries please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>How to build a virtual machine with UKCloud for VMware
Overview
This article leads you through the three basic steps for using UKCloud for VMware to quickly build a simple virtual machine (VM) in VMware Cloud Director, and connect it to the internet.
For more information about how to use other Cloud Director functions to make the most of UKCloud for VMware and create more complex virtual data centres (VDCs), take a look at the Getting Started Guide for UKCloud for VMware.
The three steps covered in this article are:
Create a network (to move requests around your VMs)
Configure the edge gateway (in this article we focus on the firewall and NAT configuration)
Create a VM
If you follow these steps, you can have a VM up and running with a connection to the internet in about 20 to 25 minutes.
Before you begin
You should have received your UKCloud Portal login credentials from your Portal administrator.
You should have created a compute service and VDC within your account. For more information, see the Getting Started Guide for UKCloud for VMware.
You should also have created an edge gateway, which enables communication between your VDC and the outside world. For more information, see How to build an edge gateway using the UKCloud Portal.
To perform the tasks in this article, you'll need to open Cloud Director:
If necessary, select your account.
In the Portal navigation panel, expand VMware Cloud and then select the compute service in which you want to create your VM.
On the VMware Cloud Director tab, enter your Portal password and click Confirm.
Create a network
Before you can start building VMs in your VDC, you need to create the network that connects the VMs to each other and the outside world.
First, you need to create a network that can connect to external networks outside your VDC (including the internet). This is called an external routed network. You can find more information about routed networks in How to create a routed VDC network.
In the VMware Cloud Director Virtual Datacenters dashboard, select your VDC.
You're creating a network, so, in the left navigation panel, under Networking, select Networks.
To create a new network, click New.
You want your VM to connect to the internet (rather than just other VMs in the same VDC), so on the Network Type page of the New Organization VDC Network dialog box, select Routed.
Click Next.
On the General page, give the network a Name and Description.
In the Gateway CIDR field, enter the details for the gateway address, for example
<IP_ADDRESS>/24
.The Shared option enables you to make your network available to other VDCs within the same region so that VMs can communicate with each other, regardless of which VDC they are in. For example, you may have a single repository server that provides updates for all the VMs in a region.
For the purposes of this tutorial, leave the Shared option deselected.
Click Next.
When you connect a network to the outside world, it's important that you control exactly what can access your environment via that network. UKCloud for VMware uses edge gateways to do this.
On the Edge Connection page, select the edge that you want your new network to use (we'll work more with the edge gateway later on).
For the purposes of this tutorial, you can ignore the other fields on this page.
Click Next.
VMs need IP addresses to identify them on the network, so you'll need to create a pool of IP addresses that your VMs can use.
On the Static IP Pools page, identify the range of IP addresses that VMs connecting to this network can use then click Add.
For example, if your Gateway CIDR is
<IP_ADDRESS>/24
, you could use the<IP_ADDRESS>-<IP_ADDRESS>
range for your static IP pool, giving 91 usable internal IP addresses.Click Next.
On the DNS page, enter your DNS information.
Click Next.
On the Ready to Complete page, review your selections then click Finish.
Configure the edge gateway
The edge gateway is possibly the most complex part of the VDC because of its high level of functionality. The following steps show you how to quickly configure the edge gateway to enable you to access the internet from a VM.
In the VMware Cloud Director Virtual Datacenters dashboard, select your VDC.
This time you're working with the edge gateway, so in the left navigation panel, under Networking, click Edges.
Select the edge gateway you want to work with.
Click Services.
Each tab in the Edge Gateway dialog box provides access to a different service provided by the edge gateway. The main tabs are:
Firewall - As well as a physical firewall, you can control which networks and ports can communicate through the edge gateway. You'll set up some firewall rules later in this exercise.
DHCP - The edge gateway can act as a DHCP server for VMs connected to Org networks connected to an edge. The DHCP tab shows DHCP information for any VDC networks that have been configured with DHCP, and so acts as a centralised view. For more information, see How to create a DHCP pool.
NAT - Network address translation, both in (DNAT) and out (SNAT) of the edge gateway. You'll set up some NAT rules later in this exercise.
Routing - You can provide static routes from the edge gateway to other networks, for example networks in other VDCs in your compute service. For more information, see How to create a static route.
Load Balancer - The edge gateway provides simple HTTP and HTTPS load balancing using round robin. For more information, see How to configure a load balancer.
VPN - IPsec site‑to‑site VPN is available on the edge gateway. You can configure an IPsec VPN within Cloud Director, but you may need to perform additional configuration through the API. For more information, see How to configure IPsec VPN.
To access the internet from a VM, you'll need to create firewall rules to determine who can access your network and NAT rules to route traffic within your network.
Creating firewall rules
Let's start with firewall rules. To enable your VMs to communicate with the outside world, you need configure your edge gateway to allow traffic out of your VDC.
In the Edge Gateway dialog box, make sure the Firewall tab is selected.
Make sure the Enabled option is selected.
Important
For security reasons, you should ensure that the firewall is always enabled.
Click the + button to add a new row to the firewall rules table.
Select each of the fields in the row for the New Rule and update them as shown below:
Name -
HTTPS outbound
Source -
internal
Click the + (Add object) button
In the Select objects dialog box, select Internal, click the right arrow button, then click Keep.
Destination -
external
Click the + (Add object) button.
In the Select objects dialog box, select External, click the right arrow button, then click Keep.
Service -
tcp:443:any
Click the + button.
Enter the following values in the Add Service dialog box:
Protocol - TCP
Source Port -
any
Destination Port -
443
Click Keep when you're done.
Action - Accept
These settings allow traffic from the VMs inside your VDC (Source =
internal
) to reach destinations outside the VDC (Destination =external
) on port443
(HTTPS).You'll need to repeat these steps for ports
80
(HTTP) and53
(DNS).Note
For DNS, the protocol should be UDP.
You can also allow traffic to reach your VMs from outside your VDC by swapping the Source and Destination values. However, because this opens up your firewall to a lot of traffic, we recommend that you first complete this guide to get comfortable with general networking concepts, and then take a look at the information in How to create firewall rules where you can find out how to lock the firewall down.
Click Save changes.
Creating NAT rules
Now that you've set up the firewall rules, you can create NAT rules. NAT rules enable traffic to move through the edge gateway to your VMs.
For the VMs in your VDC to access the internet, you need to translate the internal IP addresses to the public IP internet addresses provided by UKCloud when you set up your service.
Important
NAT rules only work if the firewall is enabled.
In the Edge Gateways dialog box, select the NAT tab.
In the NAT44 Rules section, click the SNAT Rule button to create a source NAT (SNAT) rule to translate internal IP addresses into something that the external network can understand.
In the Add SNAT Rule dialog box, from the Applied on list, choose the edge gateway that you want to apply the SNAT rule to.
In the Original Source IP/Range field, enter the range of addresses you created when you created the network in the previous exercise. These are the internal addresses used by the VDC's VMs.
In the Translated Source IP/Range field, enter one or more of the external IP addresses provided to you by UKCloud.
Make sure the Enabled option is selected.
Tip
If you're not sure what your external IP addresses are, see How to find your allocated external IP addresses.
When you're done, click Keep.
You can also add destination NAT (DNAT) rules to translate external IP addresses to route traffic to the appropriate internal addresses. However, because at the moment the firewall only provides outbound access to the internet, you don't need to add DNAT rules just yet.
You can find more information about setting up NAT rules in How to create NAT rules.
Click Save changes.
Create a virtual machine
Now that you've laid the groundwork, it's time to create your VM. The best way to do this is to create a virtual application (vApp). You can think of a vApp as a container for your VMs; it enables you to group related VMs together to manage them in one place. See How to create a vApp to find out more.
In the VMware Cloud Director Virtual Datacenters dashboard, select your VDC.
In the left navigation panel, click vApps.
In this exercise, you'll create the vApp from scratch, so click New vApp.
Tip
If your VDC already contains one or more vApps, click New, then select New vApp.
In the New vApp dialog box, give the vApp a Name and Description.
Click Add Virtual Machine.
In the New VM dialog box, you can create your VM. Enter a Name, Computer Name and Description for the VM.
Tip
The Name is to identify the VM, the Computer Name is the host name of the VM.
The Computer Name is copied from the Name field but can contain only alphanumeric characters and hyphens so you may need to edit it if your VM Name contains spaces or special characters.
The easiest way to create a VM is to use a pre-built template from a catalog, so from the Type radio buttons, select From Template.
From the list of Templates, select the one you want to use.
In the NICs section, select Connected.
In the Networks list you should see the network that you created in the first exercise. Select this network to connect your VM to the network.
From the IP Mode list, choose Static - IP Pool to assign the VM an IP address from the IP pool you defined earlier when you created your network.
If possible, from the Network Adapter Type list, select VMXNET3 for optimised performance.
Click OK.
Back in the New vApp dialog box, you can add more VMs if you want, but for now click Create to create the vApp and the single VM.
Testing your virtual machine
When your vApp and VM have been successfully created, you can test if your VM is working and can access the internet.
If your vApp is not already powered on, in the card for the vApp, select Actions then Power On. This powers on all the VMs within the vApp.
In the card for the vApp, click Details.
Select the Virtual Machines tab to list all the VMs within the vApp.
Click VM Console to open the popout web console and go through the setup procedure.
To confirm that your VM has connectivity to the internet and has an assigned IP address:
Type
ipconfig
into the Command Prompt. If you've configured the networking correctly, your VM will return an IP address.Open an internet browser page and navigate to an external web page
Ping the IP address of your DNS (for example,
<IP_ADDRESS>
) through the command line.
Next steps
In this guide, you've learned how to build a simple virtual machine and connect it to the internet.
For information about more creating complex VDCs so that you can make the most of UKCloud for VMware, see the Getting Started Guide for UKCloud for VMware. This Getting Started Guide provides links to articles that describe each of the different parts of your environment in more detail.
If you want a more comprehensive guide to the platform, take a look at the VMware Cloud Director Tenant Portal Guide.
Feedback
If you find a problem with this article, click Improve this Doc to make the change yourself or raise an issue in GitHub. If you have an idea for how we could improve any of our services, send an email to feedback@ukcloud.com.


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Exodus 40:23
And he set the bread in order upon it before the LORD; as the LORD had commanded Moses.