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6
7
8
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10
theNewYork
copyright
reserved
botanical
Garden
FLORA
NEOTROPICA
Chrysophyllum
oliviforme
Linnaeus
subsp.
oliviforme
T.D.PENNINGTON
1986
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Chrysophyllum
^
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Botanical
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Arthur
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1944
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Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


Graphe
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BI
RDF
Label
Search
Create Node
Word
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narrower
broader
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fr
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CARDS
Search RDF
Graphe
Liste
Data
//onblur="hidePopupMenu()" >
Levels
1
2
3
telecharcher
Save
Delete
Relation
Node
Outline nodes


The following app demonstrates the decomposition of a vector into two components. A vector of arbitraty angle and magnitude can be defined and its components with respect to two chosen directions can be viewed.
The directions in which the vector should be decomposed can be chosen using the sliders for $\alpha_1$ and $\alpha_2$. The magnitude \( |F| \) and direction \( \theta \) of the vector to be decomposed can be varied using the respective sliders. The components $F_1$ and $F_2$ and their absolute values can be revealed with the "Show components" button. In addition, there is a reset button to reset the plot.


Notification from Your Task
Task Title
Job location
Congratulations! A photographer have just accepted your task.
Task Status
PENDING
Go to console
See Details
Task Owner
John Doe
Photographer
Smith ABC


Installation¶
To install the METOD Algorithm from source:
$ git clone https://github.com/Megscammell/METOD-Algorithm.git
$ cd METOD-Algorithm
$ python setup.py install
To ensure all tests are working, create an environment and run the tests using pytest
:
$ conda env create -f environment.yml
$ conda activate metod_algorithm
$ pytest
An example of applying the METOD Algorithm with an objective function and gradient is presented below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 | >>> import numpy as np
>>> import math
>>> import metod_alg as mt
>>>
>>> np.random.seed(90)
>>> d = 2
>>> A = np.array([[1, 0],[0, 10]])
>>> theta = np.random.uniform(0, 2 * math.pi)
>>> rotation = np.array([[math.cos(theta), -math.sin(theta)],
... [math.sin(theta), math.cos(theta)]])
>>> x0 = np.array([0.5, 0.2])
>>>
>>> def f(x, x0, A, rotation):
... return 0.5 * (x - x0).T @ rotation.T @ A @ rotation @ (x - x0)
...
>>> def g(x, x0, A, rotation):
... return rotation.T @ A @ rotation @ (x - x0)
...
>>> args = (x0, A, rotation)
>>> (discovered_minimizers,
... number_minimizers,
... func_vals_of_minimizers,
... excessive_no_descents,
... starting_points,
... no_grad_evals) = mt.metod(f, g, args, d, num_points=10)
>>> assert(np.all(np.round(discovered_minimizers[0], 3) == np.array([0.500, 0.200])))
>>> assert(number_minimizers == 1)
>>> assert(np.round(func_vals_of_minimizers, 3) == 0)
>>> assert(excessive_no_descents == 0)
>>> assert(np.array(starting_points).shape == (10, d))
|
The purpose of each line of code within the example is discussed in the following table.
Line number |
Purpose of each line of code within the example |
|---|---|
1 - 3 |
Import the required libraries. |
5 |
Initialize the pseudo-random number generator seed. |
6 |
Set the dimension as |
7 |
Create the variable |
8 |
Create the variable |
9 - 10 |
Create the variable |
11 |
Create the variable |
13 - 14 |
Define a function |
16-17 |
Define the gradient |
19 |
Set |
20 - 25 |
Run the METOD Algorithm with |
26 - 30 |
Check outputs of the METOD Algorithm. |


Predicate directives and clauses can be encapsulated inside objects and categories. Protocols can only contain predicate directives. From the point-of-view of an object-oriented language, predicates allows both object state and object behavior to be represented. Mutable object state can be represented using dynamic object predicates.
In order to avoid possible conflicts with internal entity predicates generated by the Logtalk compiler, predicates whose functor start with an underscore should be avoided.
All object (or category) predicates that we want to access from other objects must be explicitly declared. A predicate declaration must contain, at least, a scope directive. Other directives may be used to document the predicate or to ensure proper compilation of the predicate definitions.
Predicate directives should always precede the corresponding predicate definitions and/or calls in the source files in order to ensure proper compilation.
A predicate can be public, protected, private, or local. Public predicates can be called from any object. Protected predicates can only be called from the container object or from a container descendant. Private predicates can only be called from the container object. Local predicates, like private predicates, can only be called from the container object (or category) but they are invisible to the reflection built-in methods (current_predicate/1
and predicate_property/2
) and to the message error handling mechanisms (i.e. sending a message corresponding to a local predicate results in a predicate_declaration
existence error, not in a scope error).
The scope declarations are made using the directives public/1
, protected/1
, and private/1
. For example:
:- public(init/1). :- protected(valid_init_option/1). :- private(process_init_options/1).
If a predicate does not have a scope declaration, it is assumed that the predicate is local. Note that we do not need to write scope declarations for all defined predicates. One exception is local dynamic predicates: declaring them as private predicates may allow the Logtalk compiler to generate optimized code for asserting and retracting clauses.
Many predicates cannot be called with arbitrary arguments with arbitrary instantiation status. The valid arguments and instantiation modes can be documented by using the mode/2
directive. For instance:
:- mode(member(?term, +list), zero_or_more).
The first argument describes a valid calling mode. The minimum information will be the instantiation mode of each argument. There are four possible values (described in [ISO 95]):
+
-
?
@
These four mode atoms are also declared as prefix operators by the Logtalk compiler. This makes it possible to include type information for each argument like in the example above. Some of the possible type values are: event
, object
, category
, protocol
, callable
, term
, nonvar
, var
, atomic
, atom
, number
, integer
, float
, compound
, and list
. The first four are Logtalk specific. The remaining are common Prolog types. We can also use our own types that can be either atoms or compound terms.
The second argument documents the number of proofs (or solutions) for the specified mode. The possible values are:
zero
one
zero_or_one
zero_or_more
one_or_more
error
Mode declarations can also be used to document that some call modes will throw an error. For instance, regarding the arg/3
ISO Prolog built-in predicate, we may write:
:- mode(arg(-, -, +), error).
Note that most predicates have more than one valid mode implying several mode directives. For example, to document the possible use modes of the atom_concat/3
ISO built-in predicate we would write:
:- mode(atom_concat(?atom, ?atom, +atom), one_or_more). :- mode(atom_concat(+atom, +atom, -atom), zero_or_one).
Some old Prolog compilers supported some sort of mode directives to improve performance. To the best of my knowledge, there is no modern Prolog compiler supporting these kind of directive. The current version of the Logtalk compiler just parses and than discards this directive (however, see the description on synchronized predicates on the multi-threading programming section). Nevertheless, the use of mode directives is a good starting point for documenting your predicates.
Some predicates may have arguments that will be called as goals or closures that will be used for constructing a call. To ensure that these calls and closures will be executed in the correct scope (i.e. in the calling context, not in the meta-predicate definition context) we need to use the meta_predicate/1
directive. For example:
:- meta_predicate(findall(*, 0, *)).
The meta-predicate mode arguments in this directive have the following meaning:
0
N
N
arguments at the end. The value of N
must be a non-negative integer.::
/
^
Vars^Goal
).[0]
[/]
Functor/Arity
).*
To the best of my knowledge, the use of non-negative integers to specify closures has first introduced on Quintus Prolog for providing information for predicate cross-reference tools.
The meta_predicate/1
directive must precede the meta-predicate definition and any local calls to the meta-predicate in order to ensure proper compilation. In addition, as each Logtalk entity is independently compiled, this directive must be included in every object or category that contains a definition for the described predicate, even if the predicate declaration is inherited from another entity, to ensure proper compilation of meta-arguments.
The clause of an object (or category) predicate may not be contiguous. In that case, we must declare the predicate discontiguous by using the discontiguous/1
directive:
:- discontiguous(foo/1).
This is a directive that we should avoid using: it makes your code harder to read and it is not supported by some Prolog compilers.
As each Logtalk entity is compiled independently from other entities, this directive must be included in every object or category that contains a definition for the described predicate (even if the predicate declaration is inherited from other entity).
An object predicate can be static or dynamic. By default, all object predicates are static. To declare a dynamic predicate we use the dynamic/1
directive:
:- dynamic(foo/1).
This directive may also be used to declare dynamic grammar rule non-terminals. As each Logtalk entity is compiled independently from other entities, this directive must be included in every object that contains a definition for the described predicate (even if the predicate declaration is inherited from other object or imported from a category). If we omit the dynamic declaration then the predicate definition will be compiled static. In the case of dynamic objects, static predicates cannot be redefined using the database built-in methods (despite being internally compiled to dynamic code).
Note that static objects may declare and define dynamic predicates.
An object (or category) predicate can be declared as an operator using the familiar op/3
directive:
:- op(Priority, Specifier, Operator).
Operators are local to the object (or category) where they are declared. This means that, if you declare a public predicate as an operator, you cannot use operator notation when sending to an object (where the predicate is visible) the respective message (as this would imply visibility of the operator declaration in the context of the sender of the message). If you want to declare global operators and, at the same time, use them inside an entity, just write the corresponding directives at the top of your source file, before the entity opening directive.
When the same operators are used on several entities within the same source file, the corresponding directives must appear before any entity that uses them. However, this results in a global scope for the operators. If you prefer the operators to be local to the source file, just undefine them at the end of the file. For example:
:- op(400, xfx, results). % before any entity that uses the operator ... :- op(0, xfx, results). % after all entities that used the operator
When a predicate makes heavy use of predicates defined on other objects, its predicate clauses can be verbose due to all the necessary message sending goals. Consider the following example:
foo :- ..., findall(X, list::member(X, L), A), list::append(A, B, C), list::select(Y, C, R), ...
Logtalk provides a directive, uses/2
, which allows us to simplify the code above. The usage template for this directive is:
:- uses(Object, [Functor1/Arity1, Functor2/Arity2, ...]).
Rewriting the code above using this directive results in a simplified and more readable predicate definition:
:- uses(list, [append/3, member/2, select/3]). foo :- ..., findall(X, member(X, L), A), append(A, B, C), select(Y, C, R), ...
Logtalk also supports an extended version of this directive that allows the declaration of predicate alias using the notation Predicate::Alias
. For example:
:- uses(btrees, [new/1::new_btree/1]). :- uses(queues, [new/1::new_queue/1]).
You may use this extended version for solving conflicts between predicates declared on several uses/2
directives or just for giving new names to the predicates that will be more meaningful on their using context.
The uses/2
directive allows simpler predicate definitions as long as there are no conflicts between the predicates declared in the directive and the predicates defined in the object (or category) containing the directive. A predicate (or its alias if defined) cannot be listed in more than one uses/2
directive. In addition, a uses/2
directive cannot list a predicate (or its alias if defined) which is defined in the object (or category) containing the directive. Any conflicts are reported by Logtalk as compilation errors.
In the current Logtalk version, the omission of the Object::
prefix is not supported when the predicate call occurs as an argument of a user-defined meta-predicate (Logtalk specified meta-predicates and Prolog non-standard meta-predicates declared in the config files pose no problem).
Logtalk allows the definition of an alternative name for an inherited or imported predicate (or for an inherited or imported grammar rule non-terminal) through the use of the alias/3
directive:
:- alias(Entity, Predicate, Alias).
This directive can be used in objects, protocols, or categories. The first argument, Entity
, must be an entity referenced in the opening directive of the entity contain the alias/3
directive. It can be an implemented protocol, an imported category, an extended prototype, an instantiated class, or a specialized class. The second and third arguments are predicate indicators (or grammar rule non-terminal indicators).
A common use for the alias/3
directive is to give an alternative name to an inherited predicate in order to improve readability. For example:
:- object(square, extends(rectangle)). :- alias(rectangle, width/1, side/1). ... :- end_object.
The directive allows both width/1
and side/1
to be used as messages to the object square
. Thus, using this directive, there is no need to explicitly declare and define a "new" side/1
predicate. Note that the alias/3
directive does not rename a predicate, only provides an alternative, additional name; the original name continues to be available.
Another common use for this directive is to solve conflicts when two inherited predicates have the same functor and arity. We may want to call the predicate which is masked out by the Logtalk lookup algorithm (see the Inheritance section) or we may need to call both predicates. This is simply accomplished by using the alias/3
directive to give alternative names to masked out or conflicting predicates. Consider the following example:
:- object(my_data_structure, extends(list, set)). :- alias(list, member/2, list_member/2). :- alias(set, member/2, set_member/2). ... :- end_object.
Assuming that both list
and set
objects define a member/2
predicate, without the alias/3
directives, only the definition of member/2
predicate in the object list
would be visible on the object my_data_structure
, as a result of the application of the Logtalk predicate lookup algorithm. By using the alias/3
directives, all the following messages would be valid (assuming a public scope for the predicates):
| ?- my_data_structure::list_member(X, L). % uses list member/2 | ?- my_data_structure::set_member(X, L). % uses set member/2 | ?- my_data_structure::member(X, L). % uses list member/2
When used this way, the alias/3
directive provides functionality similar to programming constructs of other object-oriented languages which support multi-inheritance (the most notable example probably being the renaming of inherited features in Eiffel).
Note that the alias/3
directive never hides a predicate which is visible on the entity containing the directive as a result of the Logtalk lookup algorithm. However, it may be used to make visible a predicate which otherwise would be masked by another predicate, as illustrated in the above example.
The alias/3
directive may also be used to give access to an inherited predicate, which otherwise would be masked by another inherited predicate, while keeping the original name as follows:
:- object(my_data_structure, extends(list, set)). :- alias(list, member/2, list_member/2). :- alias(set, member/2, set_member/2). member(X, L) :- ::set_member(X, L). ... :- end_object.
Thus, when sending the message member/2
to my_data_structure
, the predicate definition in set
will be used instead of the one contained in list
.
A predicate can be documented with arbitrary user-defined information by using the info/2
directive:
:- info(Functor/Arity, List).
The second argument is a list of Key is Value
terms. See the Documenting Logtalk programs session for details.
A predicate can be declared multifile by using the multifile/1
directive:
:- multifile(Functor/Arity).
This allows clauses for a predicate to be defined in several objects or categories. This is a directive that should be used with great care. Support for this directive have been added to Logtalk primarily to support migration of Prolog module code. Spreading clauses for a predicate among several Logtalk entities can be handy in special cases but can also make your code difficult to understand. Logtalk precludes using a multifile predicate for breaking object encapsulation by checking that the object declaring the predicate (using a scope directive) defines it also as multifile. This object is said to contain the primary declarationfor the multifile predicate. In addition, note that the multifile/1
directive is mandatory when defining multifile predicates.
Consider the following simple example:
:- object(main). :- public(a/1). :- multifile(a/1). a(1). :- end_object. :- object(other). :- multifile(main::a/1). main::a(2). main::a(3). :- end_object.
After compiling and loading the above objects, you can use queries such as:
| ?- main::a(X). X = 1 ; X = 2 ; X = 3 yes
The Logtalk compiler will print a warning if the multifile/1
directive is missing. Multifile predicates may also be declared dynamic using the same Entity::Functor/Arity
notation (multifile predicates are static by default).
When a clause of a multifile predicate is a rule, its body is compiled within the context of the object or category containing the clause. This allows clauses for multifile predicates to call local object or category predicates. However, clauses for multifile predicates should avoid calling the execution context methods. With the clause head defined in one entity and the clause body defined in another entity, there is no clear semantics for the values of sender, self, or this.
A predicate can be declared coinductive by using the coinductive/1
directive. For example:
:- coinductive(comember/2).
Logtalk support for coinductive predicates is experimental and requires a back-end Prolog compiler with minimal support for cyclic terms.
We define object predicates as we have always defined Prolog predicates, the only difference be that we have four more control structures (the three message sending operators plus the external call operator) to play with. For example, if we wish to define an object containing common utility list predicates like append/2
or member/2
we could write something like:
:- object(list). :- public(append/3). :- public(member/2). append([], L, L). append([H| T], L, [H| T2]) :- append(T, L, T2). member(H, [H| _]). member(H, [_| T]) :- member(H, T). :- end_object.
Note that, abstracting from the opening and closing object directives and the scope directives, what we have written is plain Prolog. Calls in a predicate definition body default to the local predicates, unless we use the message sending operators or the external call operator. This enables easy conversion from Prolog code to Logtalk objects: we just need to add the necessary encapsulation and scope directives to the old code.
Because a category can be imported by several different objects, dynamic private predicates must be called using the ::/1
message sending operator. This ensures that the correct predicate definition will be used. For example, if we want to define a category implementing variables using destructive assignment we could write:
:- category(variable). :- public(get/2). :- public(set/2). :- private(value_/2). :- dynamic(value_/2). get(Var, Value) :- ::value_(Var, Value). set(Var, Value) :- ::retractall(value_(Var, _)), ::asserta(value_(Var, Value). :- end_category.
This way, each importing object will have its own definition for the value_/2
private predicate. Furthermore, the get/2
and set/2
predicates will always access/update the correct definition, contained in the object receiving the messages.
A category may only contain clauses for static predicates. Nevertheless, as the example above illustrates, there are no restrictions in declaring and calling dynamic predicates from inside a category.
Meta-predicates may be defined inside objects (and categories) as any other predicate. A meta-predicate is declared using the meta_predicate/1
directive as described earlier on this section. When defining a meta-predicate, the arguments in the clause heads corresponding to the meta-arguments must be variables. All meta-arguments are called in the context of the object calling the meta-predicate (either directly or through message sending).
Some meta-predicates have meta-arguments which are not goals but closures. Logtalk supports the definition of meta-predicates that are called with closures instead of goals as long as the definition uses the Logtalk built-in predicate call/N
to call the closure with the additional arguments. For example:
:- public(all_true/2). :- meta_predicate(all_true(1, *)). all_true(_, []). all_true(Closure, [Arg| Args]) :- call(Closure, Arg), all_true(Closure, Args).
Note that the meta-predicate directive specifies that the closure will be extended with exactly one extra argument.
Definite clause grammar rules provide a convenient notation to represent the rewrite rules common of most grammars in Prolog. In Logtalk, definite clause grammar rules can be encapsulated in objects and categories. Currently, the ISO/IEC WG17 group is working on a draft specification for a definite clause grammars Prolog standard. Therefore, in the mean time, Logtalk follows the common practice of Prolog compilers supporting definite clause grammars, extending it to support calling grammar rules contained in categories and objects. A common example of a definite clause grammar is the definition of a set of rules for parsing simple arithmetic expressions:
:- object(calculator). :- public(parse/2). parse(Expression, Value) :- phrase(expr(Value), Expression). expr(Z) --> term(X), "+", expr(Y), {Z is X + Y}. expr(Z) --> term(X), "-", expr(Y), {Z is X - Y}. expr(X) --> term(X). term(Z) --> number(X), "*", term(Y), {Z is X * Y}. term(Z) --> number(X), "/", term(Y), {Z is X / Y}. term(Z) --> number(Z). number(C) --> "+", number(C). number(C) --> "-", number(X), {C is -X}. number(X) --> [C], {0'0 =< C, C =< 0'9, X is C - 0'0}. :- end_object.
The predicate phrase/2
called in the definition of predicate parse/2
above is a Logtalk built-in method, similar to the predicate with the same name found on most Prolog compilers that support definite clause grammars. After compiling and loading this object, we can test the grammar rules with calls such as the following one:
| ?- calculator::parse("1+2-3*4", Result). Result = -9 yes
In most cases, the predicates resulting from the translation of the grammar rules to regular clauses are not declared. Instead, these predicates are usually called by using the built-in methods phrase/2
and phrase/3
as shown in the example above. When we want to use the built-in methods phrase/2
and phrase/3
, the non-terminal used as first argument must be within the scope of the sender. For the above example, assuming that we want the predicate corresponding to the expr//1
non-terminal to be public, the corresponding scope directive would be:
:- public(expr//1).
The //
infix operator used above tells the Logtalk compiler that the scope directive refers to a grammar rule non-terminal, not to a predicate. The idea is that the predicate corresponding to the translation of the expr//1
non-terminal will have a number of arguments equal to one plus the number of additional arguments necessary for processing the subjacent lists of tokens.
In the body of a grammar rule, we can call rules that are inherited from ancestor objects, imported from categories, or contained in other objects. This is accomplished by using non-terminals as messages. Using a non-terminal as a message to self allows us to call grammar rules in categories and ancestor objects. To call grammar rules encapsulated in other objects, we use a non-terminal as a message to those objects. Consider the following example, containing grammar rules for parsing natural language sentences:
:- object(sentence, imports(determiners, nouns, verbs)). :- public(parse/2). parse(List, true) :- phrase(sentence, List). parse(_, false). sentence --> noun_phrase, verb_phrase. noun_phrase --> ::determiner, ::noun. noun_phrase --> ::noun. verb_phrase --> ::verb. verb_phrase --> ::verb, noun_phrase. :- end_object.
The categories imported by the object would contain the necessary grammar rules for parsing determiners, nouns, and verbs. For example:
:- category(determiners). :- private(determiner//0). determiner --> [the]. determiner --> [a]. :- end_category.
Along with the message sending operators (::/1
and ::/2
), we may also use other control constructs such as \+/1
, !/0
, ;/2
, ->/2
, and {}/1
in the body of a grammar. In addition, grammar rules may contain meta-calls (a variable taking the place of a non-terminal), which are translated to calls of the built-in method phrase/3
.
You may have noticed that Logtalk defines {}/1
as a control construct for bypassing the compiler when compiling a clause body goal. As exemplified above, this is the same control construct that is used in grammar rules for bypassing the expansion of rule body goals when a rule is converted into a clause. Both control constructs can be combined in order to call a goal from a grammar rule body, while bypassing at the same time the Logtalk compiler. Consider the following example:
bar :- write('bar predicate called'), nl. :- object(bypass). :- public(foo//0). foo --> {{bar}}. :- end_object.
After compiling and loading this code, we may try the following query:
| ?- logtalk << phrase(bypass::foo, _, _). bar predicate called yes
This is the expected result as the expansion of the grammar rule into a clause leaves the {bar}
goal untouched, which, in turn, is converted into the goal bar
when the clause is compiled.
A grammar rule non-terminal may be declared as dynamic or discontiguous, as any object predicate, using the same Functor//Arity
notation illustrated above for the scope directives. In addition, grammar rule non-terminals can be documented using the info/2
directive, as in the following example:
:- public(sentence//0). :- info(sentence//0, [ comment is 'Rewrites a sentence into a noun phrase and a verb phrase.']).
Logtalk defines a set of built-in object predicates or methods to access message execution context, to find sets of solutions, to inspect objects and for database handling. Similar to Prolog built-in predicates, these built-in methods should not be redefined.
Logtalk defines four built-in private methods to access an object execution context. These methods (with the possible exception of parameter/2
) are translated to a single unification performed at compile time with a clause head context argument. Therefore, they can be freely used without worrying about performance penalties. When called from inside a category, these methods refer to the execution context of the object importing the category. These methods cannot be used as messages to objects.
To find the object that received the message under execution we may use the self/1
method. We may also retrieve the object that has sent the message under execution using the sender/1
method.
The method this/1
enables us to retrieve the name of the object that contains the predicate clause that is being executed instead of using the name directly. This helps to avoid breaking the code if we decide to change the object name and forget to change the name references. This method may also be used from within a category. In this case, the method returns the object importing the category on whose behalf the predicate clause is being executed.
Here is a short example including calls to these three object execution context methods:
:- object(test). :- public(test/0). test :- this(This), write('Executing a predicate definition contained in '), writeq(This), nl, self(Self), write('to answer a message received by '), writeq(Self), nl, sender(Sender), write('that was sent by '), writeq(Sender), nl, nl. :- end_object. :- object(descendant, extends(test)). :- end_object.
After compiling and loading these two objects, we can try the following goal:
| ?- descendant::test. Executing a predicate definition contained in test to answer a message received by descendant that was sent by user yes
Note that the goals self(Self)
, sender(Sender)
, and this(This)
, being translated to unifications with the clause head context arguments at compile time, are effectively removed from the clause body. Therefore, a clause such as:
predicate(Arg) :- self(Self), atom(Arg), ... .
is compiled with the goal atom(Arg)
as the first condition on the clause body. As such, the use of these context execution methods do not interfere with the optimizations that some Prolog compilers perform when the first clause body condition is a call to a built-in type-test predicate or a comparison operator.
For parametric objects and categories, the method parameter/2
enables us to retrieve current parameter values (see the session on parametric objects for a detailed description). For example:
:- object(block(_Color)). :- public(test/0). test :- parameter(1, Color), write('Color parameter value is '), writeq(Color), nl. :- end_object.
After compiling and loading these two objects, we can try the following goal:
| ?- block(blue)::test. Color parameter value is blue yes
The method parameter/2
is only translated to a compile time unification for parametric objects. When the method is used in a parametric category, its call is translated to a call to the built-in Prolog predicate arg/3
.
Logtalk provides a set of built-in methods for object database handling similar to the usual database Prolog predicates: abolish/1
, asserta/1
, assertz/1
, clause/2
, retract/1
, and retractall/1
. These methods always operate on the database of the object receiving the corresponding message.
When working with dynamic grammar rule non-terminals, you may use the built-in method expand_term/2
convert a grammar rule into a clause that can than be used with the database methods.
Logtalk supports the generalized call/1-N
meta-predicate. This built-in private meta-predicate must be used in the implementation of meta-predicates which work with closures instead of goals. In addition, Logtalk supports the built-in private meta-predicates ignore/1
, once/1
, and \+/1
. These methods cannot be used as messages to objects.
The usual all solutions meta-predicates are built-in private methods in Logtalk: bagof/3
, findall/3
, and setof/3
. There is also a forall/2
method that implements generate and test loops. These methods cannot be used as messages to objects.
Logtalk provides two built-in methods for inspecting object predicates: predicate_property/2
, which returns predicate properties and current_predicate/1
, which enables us to query about predicate definitions. See below for a more detailed description of both methods.
Logtalk supports two definite clause grammar parsing built-in private methods, phrase/2
and phrase/3
, with definitions similar to the predicates with the same name found on most Prolog compilers that support definite clause grammars. These methods cannot be used as messages to objects.
Logtalk also supports a call//1
built-in non-terminal. This non-terminal takes a closure (which can be a lambda expression) and is processed by appending the input list of tokens and the list of remaining tokens to the arguments of the closure.
Logtalk supports a expand_term/2
built-in method for expanding a term into a list of terms. This method is mostly used to translate grammar rules into Prolog clauses. It can be customized, e.g. for bypassing the default Logtalk grammar rule translator, by defining clauses for the predicate term_expansion/2
.
Logtalk also supports a expand_goal/2
built-in method for expanding a goal. This method can be customized by defining clauses for the predicate goal_expansion/2
.
Term and goal expansion may be performed either by calling the expand_term/2
and expand_goal/2
built-in methods explicitly or by using hook objects. Clauses for the term_expansion/2
and goal_expansion/2
predicates defined within an object or a category are never used in the compilation of the object or the category itself. In order to use clauses for the term_expansion/2
and goal_expansion/2
predicates defined in plain Prolog, you will need to explicitly specify the pseudo-object user
as the hook object when compiling source files.
Logtalk provides a logtalk_load_context/2
built-in predicate that can be used to access the compilation/loading context when performing term-expansion or goal-expansion.
We can find the properties of visible predicates by calling the predicate_property/2
built-in method. For example:
| ?- bar::predicate_property(foo(_), Property).
Note that this method respects the predicate's scope declarations. For instance, the above call will only return properties for public predicates.
An object's set of visible predicates is the union of all the predicates declared for the object with all the built-in methods and all the Logtalk and Prolog built-in predicates.
Possible predicate properties values are:
public
, protected
, private
static
, dynamic
logtalk
, prolog
built_in
multifile
meta_predicate(Mode)
declared_in(Entity)
defined_in(Entity)
redefined_from(Entity)
non_terminal(NonTerminal//Arity)
alias_of(Predicate)
synchronized
mode(Mode, Solutions)
info(ListOfPairs)
The properties logtalk
and prolog
allows us to distinguish between predicates defined by Logtalk and predicates defined by the back-end Prolog compiler.
The properties declared_in/1
, defined_in/1
, and redefined_from/1
do not apply to built-in methods and Logtalk or Prolog built-in predicates. Note that if a predicate is declared in a category imported by the object, it will be the category name — not the object name — that will be returned by the property declared_in/1
. The same is true for protocol declared predicates.
The predicate property defined_in(Entity)
results in the definitions for the predicate being looked up in Entity
. This does not necessarily implies that clauses for the predicate exist in Entity
; the predicate can simply be false (closed world assumption).
The property non_terminal/1
only applies to predicates that result from the compilation of grammar rule non-terminals.
The property alias_of/1
is returned for a predicate that is an alias of another predicate (which is returned in the property argument).
The property synchronized
is returned for predicates that are declared synchronized when using multi-threading programming.
We can find, by backtracking, all visible user predicates by calling the current_predicate/1
built-in method. This method respects the predicate's scope declarations. For instance, the following call:
| ?- some_object::current_predicate(Functor/Arity).
will only return user predicates that are declared public. The predicate property non_terminal/1
may be used to retrieve all grammar rule non-terminals declared for an object. For example:
current_non_terminal(Object, NonTerminal//Args) :- Object::current_predicate(Functor/Arity), functor(Predicate, Functor, Arity), Object::predicate_property(Predicate, non_terminal(NonTerminal//Args)).
Usually, the non-terminal and the corresponding predicate share the same functor but users should not rely on this always being true.
In predicate definitions, predicate calls which are not prefixed with a message sending operator (either ::
or ^^
), are compiled to either calls to local predicates or as calls to Logtalk/Prolog built-in predicates. A predicate call is compiled as a call to a local predicate if the object (or category) contains a scope directive, a definition for the called predicate, or a dynamic declaration for it. When the object (or category) does not contain either a definition of the called predicate or a corresponding dynamic declaration, Logtalk tests if the call corresponds to a Logtalk or Prolog built-in predicate. Calling a predicate which is neither a local predicate nor a Logtalk/Prolog built-in predicate results in a compile time warning. This means that, in the following example:
foo :- ..., write(bar), ...
the call to the predicate write/1
will be compiled as a call to the corresponding Prolog built-in predicate unless the object (or category) encapsulating the above definition also contains a predicate named write/1
or a dynamic declaration for the predicate.
When calling non-standard Prolog built-in predicates or using non-standard Prolog arithmetic functions, you may run into portability problems while trying your applications with different back-end Prolog compilers (non-standard predicates and non-standard arithmetic functions are often specific to a Prolog compiler). You may use the Logtalk compiler flag portability/1
to help check for problematic calls in your code.
Prolog built-in meta-predicates may only be called locally within objects or categories, i.e. they cannot be used as messages. Compiling calls to non-standard, Prolog built-in meta-predicates can be tricky for two reasons: first, there is no standard way of checking if a built-in predicate is also a meta-predicate and finding out which are its meta-arguments; second, in some cases, the meta-arguments of a meta-predicate are not goals but closures, used for constructing goals. The way the goals are constructed is specific to the meta-predicate and cannot be reliable inferred by the Logtalk compiler. For meta-predicates whose meta-arguments are directly called as goals, the solution is to explicitly declare them in the corresponding Prolog configuration file using the predicate '$lgt_pl_meta-predicate'/3
. For example:
'$lgt_pl_meta_predicate'(*->(_, _), (*->(0, 0), control_construct). '$lgt_pl_meta_predicate'(call_with_depth_limit(_, _, _), call_with_depth_limit(0, *, *), predicate).
Currently, there is no clean workaround for calling non-standard Prolog built-in meta-predicates whose meta-arguments are closures instead of goals.


Characterization of a cofactor that regulates dimerization of a mammalian homeodomain protein.
Abstract
Dimerization among transcription factors has become a recurrent theme in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF-1 alpha) is a homeodomain-containing protein that functions as a dimer. A dimerization cofactor of HNF-1 alpha (DCoH) was identified that displayed a restricted tissue distribution and did not bind to DNA, but, rather, selectively stabilized HNF-1 alpha dimers. The formation of a stable tetrameric DCoH-HNF-1 alpha complex, which required the dimerization domain of HNF-1 alpha, did not change the DNA binding characteristics of HNF-1 alpha, but enhanced its transcriptional activity. However, DCoH did not confer transcriptional activation to the GAL4 DNA binding domain. These results indicate that DCoH regulates formation of transcriptionally active tetrameric complexes and may contribute to the developmental specificity of the complex.


{% load static %}
Author: {{ book.author.name }} Added by: {{ book.uploaded_by.first_name }} {{ book.uploaded_by.last_name }}


General election 2019: Tories stand by Gower candidate over Facebook post
A Conservative general election candidate has apologised for a Facebook post in which she said people on a TV show needed "putting down".
Francesca O'Brien, who is running for the Gower seat in December's election, made the comments about Channel 4's Benefits Street in January 2014.
Ms O'Brien said her comments were made "off the cuff" but admitted her "use of language was unacceptable".
Labour and the Lib Dems called for the candidate to be dropped.
But Welsh Conservative chairman Byron Davies has stood by Ms O'Brien, who is still set to run in the general election on 12 December.
Labour First Minister Mark Drakeford said he could not imagine voters in Gower backing such a candidate, while a Tory peer has said the candidate should consider her position.
The former commissioned officer with the RAF Air Cadets was selected to be the Conservative party candidate for Gower in October after an open primary in which residents were able to participate as opposed to just party members.
Having lost Gower to Labour in the 2017 election, the seat is a top Tory target in Wales.
In the posts following the broadcast of the first episode of Benefits Street five years ago, Ms O'Brien said: "Benefit Street..anyone else watching this?? Wow, these people are unreal!!!"
Responding to another user's comment, she said: "My blood is boiling, these people need putting down."
In a statement released on Sunday, Ms O'Brien said: "These comments were made off the cuff, a number of years ago.
"However, I accept that my use of language was unacceptable and I would like to apologise for any upset I have caused."
Work and Pensions Secretary Therese Coffey told the Today programme what Ms O'Brien said was "clearly wrong", adding it was important she had apologised.
Asked if Ms O'Brien should stand, she said: "I think that would be a decision for the people of Gower to make the choice on who they want to be their next Member of Parliament."
But Welsh Labour leader Mark Drakeford said he could not imagine "decent people" in the constituency backing a candidate with "views of that sort".
"I think she is condemned out of her own mouth more eloquently than anything I could say," Mr Drakeford told his monthly press conference.
Ian Lavery, Labour Party chairman, said: "Removing a candidate who used such vile language about people on benefits should be a no brainer.
"The cuts to benefits and Universal Credit programme that Therese Coffey and her party are responsible for have forced people into poverty."
He said Ms O'Brien's candidacy was "shameful".
Speaking on BBC Two's Politics Live, Conservative peer Lord Finkelstein said he thought Ms O'Brien's comments were "awful".
"I'm sure she does too," he added. "I do think she should consider her position."
The chairman of the Welsh Conservatives said Ms O'Brien was not subject to any internal disciplinary process.
Lord Davies - a former MP for the constituency - said: "The comments were inadvisable, obviously, but made in the heat of the moment watching a television programme.
"But I don't condone it in any shape or form. However, this is a dredging exercise on the part of the Labour Party whose candidate in the Gower doesn't want to talk about Brexit."
Benefits Street, which featured the residents of James Turner Street in Birmingham, was a ratings hit for Channel 4 when it was broadcast.
But a total of 887 viewers complained to the broadcasting regulator, claiming the show had vilified and misrepresented benefits claimants.
Ofcom decided the programme did not breach broadcasting rules.
Ms O'Brien is due to stand against Labour's Tonia Antoniazzi, Plaid Cymru's John Davies and Sam Bennett of the Liberal Democrats. Other parties are yet to confirm their candidates.
Mr Davies invited Ms O'Brien to join him on a soup run "to see how real people have been affected by Tory cuts to public housing".
Lib Dem Mr Bennett called for her to step down, adding: "These kind of comments show the Tories are still very much the nasty party."


About Me
Vmware Cloud on AWS
Docker Vs. Kubernetes
Chatbots!
Awesome React Native
ng-pluggables
Docker Vs. Kubernetes
Two most popular tools in the world, used for software development and deployment
January 12, 2020


--- layout: default ---
Some information about you!
### More Information
A place to include any other types of information that you'd like to include about yourself.
### Contact me


EVO HTML to PDF Converter allows you add elements in PDF pages background in BeforeRenderPdfPageEvent event handler. In this demo an image is added in the background of each PDF page.
At the top of the demo you can choose the HTML document to convert which can be:
-
HTML Page URL or Local File to Convert. The URL must be accessible from the computer where the converter runs. If the page requires authentication or if you are using a proxy server to access Internet
then you have to set the converter properties accordingly as described in documentation
-
HTML String to Convert. When you convert a HTML string you also have the option to specify a base URL that will be used
by converter to resolve the relative URLs found in the HTML string to fully qualified URLs. If your HTML string uses only fully qualified URLs then this parameter is not necessary
The following options are available in this demo:
-
Add Background Image. This option can be used to add an image in the background of each PDF page


--- title: Fractional Diffusion where "fractional" varies in space author: Peter Straka date: '2017-12-18' slug: VOFFPE categories: - Statistical Physics tags: - Statistical Physics - Anomalous Diffusion - Probability - Stochastic Processes - Publication draft: no math: yes summary: | A Fractional Fokker-Planck Equation is derived which scales variably in space. The paper is now [published](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2018.03.010). image: https://strakaps.github.io/img/voffpe.png ---
The new paper (arxiv.org/abs/1712.06767)
Variable Order Fractional Fokker-Planck Equations derived from Continuous Time Random Walks
is currently under review.
The variable order fractional Fokker-Planck equation (VOFFPE), in simple form1, is \[\frac{\partial}{\partial t} p(x,t) = \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x^2} \underbrace{D_t^{1-\beta(x)}}_{\text{fractional derivative}} p(x,t).\]
Adding in the fractional derivative \[D_t^{1-\beta} p(x,t) = \int_0^t p(x,t-s) \frac{s^{-\beta}}{\Gamma(1-\beta)}\,ds\] results in the “fractional FPE”. The fractional derivative corresponds to longs rests of a walker, and slows down the spreading (making the dynamics “sub”diffusive).
Here the order \(1-\beta\) of the fractional derivative varies with the location \(x\) of the walker, hence the name VOFFPE (variable order fractional FPE). In some regions, e.g. where the intracellular matrix of a cell is dense2, the trappingness can be stronger, which is modelled by a smaller \(\beta(x)\) in that region.
The paper shows that the equation has a unique solution \(p(x,t)\), and that this solution is the probability distribution of a Continuous Time Random Walk (CTRW)3. CTRWs are random walks with random waiting times between jumps:
The fractional derivative in time is tightly linked with Mittag-Leffler distributed waiting times.
Of course CTRWs can be simulated, and \(p(x,t)\) may be computed via Monte Carlo simulations (or “particle tracking”). Thus a consequence of the paper is the mathematical certainty that the variable order FFPE (VOFFPE) can be solved by simulations.
The variable order FFPE can also be solved directly, via clever numerical algorithms. The CTRW interpretation of the VOFFPE can be leveraged for such a clever numerical algorithm, as our friends over in applied maths have done with their Discrete Time Random Walk algorithm. This approach has several great benefits4, and now we know how to extend these benefits to the variable order setting (to be continued).


Sales Order Number
-
Date01/01/2017
-
Sales Order No.SO000001
-
NameAhdesya Harindran
-
Car NumberVAE990
-
Current BalanceRM 200.00
R00001
01/01/2017
| Payment Type | Service | Total Amount | Closed By |
|---|---|---|---|
| Membership | Washing | RM11.00 | Administrator |
Chris
Kevic


EVENTS, CONFERENCE & PRODUCTS
view
LIFESTYLE & CASUAL EVENTS
view
PORTRAITURE, MODELLING & FASHION
view
ARCHITECTURE CITYSCAPE , NATURE & LANDSCAPES
view
DOCUMENTARY, EDITORIAL & PR
view
ABSTRACT & TECHNOLOGY
view
NIGHTLIFE, CONCERTS & FESTIVALS
view


| MPI_EXSCAN(sendbuf, recvbuf, count, datatype, op, comm) | |
| IN sendbuf | starting address of send buffer (choice) |
| OUT recvbuf | starting address of receive buffer (choice) |
| IN count | number of elements in input buffer (non-negative integer) |
| IN datatype | data type of elements of input buffer (handle) |
| IN op | operation (handle) |
| IN comm | intracommunicator (handle) |
int MPI_Exscan(void *sendbuf, void *recvbuf, int count, MPI_Datatype datatype, MPI_Op op, MPI_Comm comm)
MPI_EXSCAN(SENDBUF, RECVBUF, COUNT, DATATYPE, OP, COMM, IERROR)
<type> SENDBUF(*), RECVBUF(*)
INTEGER COUNT, DATATYPE, OP, COMM, IERROR
void MPI::Intracomm::Exscan(const void* sendbuf, void* recvbuf, int count, const MPI::Datatype& datatype, const MPI::Op& op) const
If comm is an intracommunicator, MPI_EXSCAN is used to perform a prefix reduction on data distributed across the group. The value in recvbuf on the process with rank 0 is undefined, and recvbuf is not signficant on process 0. The value in recvbuf on the process with rank 1 is defined as the value in sendbuf on the process with rank 0. For processes with rank i > 1, the operation returns, in the receive buffer of the process with rank i, the reduction of the values in the send buffers of processes with ranks 0,...,i-1 (inclusive). The type of operations supported, their semantics, and the constraints on send and receive buffers, are as for MPI_REDUCE.
No ``in place'' option is supported.
This operation is invalid for intercommunicators.
Advice to users.
As for MPI_SCAN, MPI does not specify which processes may call the
operation, only that the result be correctly computed. In particular, note
that the process with rank 1 need not call the MPI_Op, since all it
needs to do is to receive the value from the process with rank 0.
However, all processes, even the processes with ranks zero
and one, must provide the same op.
( End of advice to users.)
Rationale.
The exclusive scan is more general than the inclusive scan. Any inclusive scan operation can be achieved by using the exclusive scan and then locally combining the local contribution. Note that for non-invertable operations such as MPI_MAX, the exclusive scan cannot be computed with the inclusive scan.
No in-place version is specified for MPI_EXSCAN because it is not
clear what this means for the process with rank zero.
( End of rationale.)


Chapter
IMAGINED USER
Imagined User
Year
Source
“One can now picture a future
investigator in his laboratory.
His hands are free, and he is
not anchored. As he moves about
and observes, he photographs
and comments.”
“Consider the intellectual domain of a creative problem solver
[...]. These [...] could very possibly contribute specialized processes and techniques to a general worker in the intellectual domain: Formal logic—mathematics
of many varieties, including statistics—decision theory— game theory—time and motion analysis—operations research— classification theory— documentation theory—cost accounting, for time, energy, or money—dynamic programming— computer programming.”
“People who are buying computers, especially personal computers, just aren’t going to take a long time to learn something. They
are going to insist on using it awfully quick.”
“Person who doesn’t know about computers but is going to use the system. Naive user systems are those set up to make things easy and clear for such people. We are all naive users at some time or other; its nothing to be ashamed of. Though some computer people seem to think it is.”
“My model for this was a lady in her late fifties who had been publish- ing all her life and still used a Royal typewriter.”
“Another interesting nugget was that children really needed as much or more computing power than adults were willing to settle for when using a timesharing system. [...] The kids [...] are used to finger-paints, water colors, color television, real musical instruments, and records.”
— “You believe in the users?”
— “Yes, sure. If I don’t have a user, then who wrote me?”
"The “person of the year” is a machine: “Machine of the Year: The Computer Moves In”
“September that never ended: All the time since September 1993. One of the seasonal rhythms of the Usenet used to be the annual September influx of clueless newbies who, lacking any sense of netiquette, made a general nuisance of themselves. This coincided with people starting college, getting their first internet accounts, and plunging in without bothering to learn what was acceptable.”
“hacker n. [...] 1. A person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems and how to stretch their capabilities, as opposed to most users, who prefer to learn only the minimum necessary.”
“lamer n. [...] Synonym for luser, not used much by hackers but common among warez d00dz, crackers and phreakers. Oppose elite. Has the same connotations of self-conscious elitism that use of luser does among hackers.”
The cover of the 2006 TIME magazine “Person of the Year” issue features a computer screen-cum-YouTube video frame announcing that “You” are the winner of this year’s award. The subtitle is “Yes, you. You control the Information Age. Welcometo your world.”
“I’d prefer to call them people.”
“20 years ago [...] I invented the World Wide Web.”
“If I ever say the word ‘user’ again, immediately charge me $140.”
“[User] is another convenient and somewhat outdated term, like
‘interface.’ [...] A user may be seeking to complete an immediate task; an interactor is engaged in a prolonged give and take with the machine.”
“Apple has concentrated virtually all their effort on potential users— buyers—and new users, leaving out, in the last several years, experienced users almost entirely.”


This task has a dependency on Task 1.1.1 and the prerequisites found there.
The first step is to build the Manifest for your application using the pwabuilder.com web site. The builder will search in the home page of your site looking for information about the app in specific meta tags. For more information, read What is a Manifest.
In the URL textbox, enter the https version of your URL of your site and click on Get Started again.
Note Your website URL will likely default to the http version in the browser but all azure websites also have a valid https certificate so https can be used on any azure website.
The builder will search in the home page of your site looking for an existing manifest. If not, it will gather information about the app in specific meta tags or propose default values for the manifest properties. It will also show any warnings or suggestions to address potential issues in the collected metadata. Be sure you address any warnings before you move on.
The builder site also checks whether the manifest has defined the expected icon sizes for the different platforms (Windows, Android, iOS) and helps to generate the missing sizes. You can also generate missing image sizes for other platforms using the PWA Image Generator.
For our side, we don't have any image defined in the manifest so we'll proceed uploading an image with our app logo. To do this, click on the Upload an image… link at the left pane.
Save the below Knowzy logo to your PC by right clicking and "save image as".
Browse to the location of the image you downloaded and if you want to generate the missing sizes, make sure the Generate missing images from this image checkbox is marked.
Note: The Upload image option will generate the required image sizes for Windows 10, and suggested images for other platforms.
Click Submit. In our example, the missing image sizes are automatically generated and added to the manifest.
Click "download manifest" to get a copy of this manifest to add to your web site (how this is done will be explained in the next step).
During this step you will choose functionalities you want to add to your app. The builder will include code to use sample service workers implementing those features from a repository. Learn more about service workers. There are a number of service workers to choose from on this page, but Knowzy is looking for a way to make sure it's field agents can access the app data when they have poor or no network connection. For this functionality we'll choose the "Offline copy of pages" service worker.
Select the service worker you want to include in your application.
Download the service worker package, including the code for your website and the service worker code. (You can also just copy and paste the code directly from the site). You'll be downloading two different JavaScript files. The first is the registration code, in which you will be instructed on how to add the code to your site in the next section, and the service worker itself.


home / programming / python / pandas
Pandas
Finding out what version of Pandas is installed
pd.__version
Basic data structures
Series
: a one-dimensional labeled arrayDataFrame
: a two-dimensional data structure (2-D array or table with rows and columns). Each column may have a different dtype.
Creating series
s = pd.Series([1, 3, 5, np.nan, 6, 8])
Creating DataFrames
np.random.seed(31337) dates = pd.date_range("2020-01-01", periods=6) # a DatetimeIndex df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(6, 4), index=dates, columns=list("WXYZ"))
Passing a dictionary whose keys are column labels and values are column values.
df2 = pd.DataFrame( { "A": 1.0, "B": pd.Series(2, index=list(range(4)), dtype="float32"), "C": np.array([3] * 4, dtype="int32"), "D": pd.Categorical(["test", "train", "abc", "def"]), } )
Converting to the NumPy representation of the data
DataFrame.to_numpy()
will convert the underlying data to an array of arrays with a single dtype that will hold all the dtypes of the Pandas DataFrame.
Although Pandas DataFrames can have different dtypes for each column, the NumPy array will have only one dtype.
Viewing data
df.head(), df.head(3)
df.tail(), df.tail(3)
df.index
df.columns
df.dtypes
df.describe()
Transposing data
df.T
Reordering data
df.sort_index(axis=1, ascending=False)
df.sort_values(by="B")
Selection
For production code, use the following optimized methods:
DataFrame.at()
: used if you only need to get or set a single value (by label).DataFrame.iat()
: access a single value by integer positionDataFrame.loc()
: access a group of rows and columns by label(s). Unlike Python slices, both endpoints are included.DataFrame.iloc()
: access a group of rows and columns by integer position(s). In this case, the right endpoint is not included. For example,df.iloc[:, 0:1]
returns the first column only.
iloc
df.iloc[:, [1]] # selects the second column


I am a self-taught Web developer, currently focusing on Front-End Development and aspiring to be a Full-Stack Developer and an Android Developer by the end of the year. I am currently also learning Android Development via Udacity thanks to a Google Scholarship I received at the start of the year in January.
I feel I am a people person. It has been noted that I am a hardworking, personable, pragmatic, approachable and enthusiastic professional. I am always up for a challenge and also eager to learn and develop new skills to achieve the highest standards, for example, while at the Co-op, I took part in Agile training to improve and introduce a more Agile way of working, which I think has improved my ability to respond far more quickly to change and provide a way to implement high-priority initiatives.
I can lead and boost morale when required, as being outgoing is one of my best traits, therefore I am able to work with and understand people from all different levels and backgrounds meaning I am able to fit into various different teams. I am also able to manage multiple priorities, and build strong relationships with partners and stakeholders both internal and external, has these are skills have been able to develop and build on while working at the Co-op.
I am also highly motivated and career driven, hence why I joined Aspire (Co-op Women Career Network) while at the Co-op because I am someone who is proactive and take ownership of my own personal development and career progression.
| Experience with | Languages | Frameworks |
|---|---|---|
| Version Control (Git and GitHub) | HTML (HTML5) | BootStrap |
| Command Line (Linux Server) | CSS (CSS3) | SASS/SCSS |
| Android Studio | Javascript | jQuery |
| CMS (Content Management Systems) | XML | ReactJS |
| Google Analytics and Data Studio | Java | Jekyll |
| Test-driven Development (TDD) | Python |
| Excellent Excel, numerical and analytical skills | Excellent Leadership and Management skills |
| Excellent organisational and prioritisation skills | Superb interpersonal and communication skills |
| Ability to work within a team & own initiative | Agile working |
| Ability to motivate people | Exec level Reporting |
| Ability to remain calm & work under pressure | Excellent problem solving and decision making skills |
| Brilliant multi-tasker | Influencing Skills |
| Strong Project Management skill | Engaging and collaborative leader |
| Good stakeholder management skills | Highly motivated and confident |
| Accuracy and attention to detail | Data collection and analysis |
| Willingness to learn new skills | Career driven and personable |
| Administrative skills | Aptitude to learn and a fast Learner |
| Customer Focused | Total Commitment to quality |
| Sublime 3, Trello and Slack efficent | Mircosoft Office applications efficent |
| 2017 | Udacity |
|---|---|
| Android Basics Nanodegree by Google | |
| Android Development for Beginners | |
| Material Design for Android Developers | |
| Intro to HTML and CSS | |
| How to use Git and GitHub | |
| Linux Command line Basics | |
| 2017 | CodeAcademy Profile |
| Learn HTML & CSS | |
| Learn Responsive Design | |
| Make a Website | |
| Learn JavaScript | |
| 2010 – 2014 | EDGE HILL UNIVERSITY |
| FDSC WORKING WITH FAMILIES & COMMUNITIES | |
| BSC (HONS) INTEGRATED CHILDREN PRACTICE | |
| ENGLISH GCSE ENQUIVALENCY TEST | |
| PG EARLY YEARS TEACHER STATUS | |
| 2007 – 2009 | SUTTON COLDFEILD COLLEGE |
| AQA GCSE MATHEMATICS | |
| EDEXCEL BTEC HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE (Level 3) | |
| 2007 | HODGE HILL SCHOOL (Mixed) |
| EDEXCEL GCSE SCIENCE (Double Award) | |
| EDEXCEL BTEC HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE (Level 2) | |
| EDEXCEL BTEC SPORT (Level 2) |
| 06.2015 – 01.2017 | The Co-operative Group– MANCHESTER |
|---|---|
| Membership advisor | |
| National Campaigns and communication Administrator | |
| Membership Digital and Administrator |
My first role at the Co-op was at the Membership Contact Centre which involved working in a fast paced, high volume environment, whilst demonstrating the ability to be effective in providing excellent personal customer service skills and result orientated, while also being a team player.
My second role at the Co-op was with the National Membership Campaigns and Communications team, which includes providing high-quality projects, digital and administrative support to the team. This involved assisting in the delivery of projects and membership marketing campaigns, analyzing and reporting campaigns data’s. Also attending meetings and conferences as required. I was also responsible for individual projects as per agreement with my team manager, as well as working with colleagues on the team on projects, and liaising with internal and external stakeholders concerning key campaigns, initiatives and projects.
My last role at the Co-op came to be due to a reshuffle of teams and departments and was with the National Membership and Co-operative Relations team. My role and responsibilities were on par with my second role, with the addition of some aspect of Front-End Web development. Which was website (Internet and Intranet) content updating and creating via Episerver CMS (a website content management system). Both roles involved being analytic in my decisions and dealings, as well as working with a variety of internal and external stakeholders on projects and building a good relationship with active communication.
| 11.2013 – 03.2015 | NANDO’S – MANCHESTER |
|---|---|
| Cashier, Hostess and Waitress |
Working at Nando’s involved me working as part of a team, supporting each other while providing the customers with a warm, genuine, fun and memorable experience. I was also able to further develop my management and leadership skills, by helping to train new starters and helping the management team in their task.
| 11.2013 – 12.2013 | HARVEY NICHOLS – MANCHESTER |
|---|---|
| JO MALONE STYLIST |
At Harvey Nichols, I worked for Jo Malone as a Christmas cover. My duties involved supporting the staff, helping customers and stock replenishments.
| 08.2013 – 11.2013 | DUFFERS MENSWEAR – MANCHESTER |
|---|---|
| staff | |
| Shift SUPERVISOR |
During my short stay at Duffers Menswear due to the store closing down, I worked as a shift supervisor, where I was responsible for drafting the weekly shift, stock management, displays, and staff and customer management. They were all responsibilities I really enjoyed and was able to further master with feedback from the manager.
| 10.2008 – 06.2010 | REED SQUARE FISH BAR – BIRMINGHAM |
|---|---|
| staff | |
| SHIFT SUPERVISOR |
I started working at Reed Square as a part-time staff during my college education, where I was then promoted to shift supervisor during my gap year due to my passion for the job.
At the Co-op, I have been involved in a few community projects and fundraising. In 2016, I organize and lead a massive clean-up in Boggart Hole Clough Park, which also made the local paper. I also organized a fundraising 'Charity Shop' event in 1 Angel Square which raise over £700. And in October 2016, I was part of Team Droylsden Co-op Apprenticeship challenge, where we were the winners of the ‘greatest increase in shop takings’.
While in University I volunteered in a local charity shop for animals within my first two years, which I really enjoyed and I was able to learn a lot about the local community.
The experience gave me care assistant and hospitality skills, and I learned how to interact with older and disabled people in a friendly, efficient, respectful and timely manner. Through-out the year 2008 and 2009 I worked as a teaching assistant and nursery nurse as part of a work placement for my college course where I worked 400 unpaid hours.


fimo [options] <motif file> <sequence file>
You can define the statistical threshold (p-value) for motifs and whether FIMO
scans just the given sequences or their reverse complements (where applicable), too.
The program uses a dynamic programming algorithm to convert log-odds
scores into p-values, assuming a zero-order background model.
By default the program reports all motif occurrences with a p-value less
than 1e-4
. The threshold can be set using the
--thresh option.
The p-values for each motif occurrence are converted to q-values following the method of Benjamini and Hochberg ("q-value" is defined as the minimal false discovery rate at which a given motif occurrence is deemed significant). The --qv-thresh option directs the program to use q-values rather than p-values for the threshold.
If a motif has the strand
feature set to
+/-
(rather than +
), then FIMO will search
both strands for occurrences.
The parameter --max-stored-scores sets the maximum number of motif occurrences that will be retained in memory. It defaults to 100,000. If the number of matches found reaches the maximum value allowed, FIMO will discard 50% of the least significant matches, and new matches falling below the significance level of the retained matches will also be discarded.
FIMO can make use of position-specific priors (PSPs) to improve its identification of true motif occurrences. When priors are provided FIMO uses log-posterior odds scores instead of log-odds scores. The log-posterior odds score is described in this paper:
To take advantage of PSPs in FIMO you use must provide two command line options. The --psp option is used to set the name of a file containing the PSP, and the --prior-dist option is used to set the name of a file containing the binned distribution of the PSP.
The PSP can be provided in MEME PSP file format or in wiggle format. The MEME PSP file format requires that a PSP be included for every position in the sequence to be scanned. This format is usually only practical for relatively small sequence files. The wiggle format accommodates sequence segments with missing PSP values. When no PSP is available for a given position, FIMO will use the median PSP from the PSP distribution file. The wiggle format will work with large sequence files, including full genomes.
The PSP and PSP distribution files can be generated from raw scores using the
create-priors
utility.
The name of a file containing MEME formatted motifs. Outputs from MEME and DREME are supported, as well as Minimal MEME Format. You can convert many other motif formats to MEME format using conversion scripts available with the MEME Suite.
The name of a file containing a collection of sequences in FASTA format.
If only one motif is supplied to FIMO then a hyphen ('-
')
can be used to indicate that the sequence data should be read from
standard input.
The FASTA header lines are used as the source of sequence names. The
sequence name is the string following the initial '>' up to the first
white space character. If the sequence name is of the form
text:number-number
, then the text portion will be used as the
sequence name. If the --parse-genomic-coord
option is specified,
the numbers will be assumbed to be the genomic coordinates of the sequence.
The first number will be used as the coordinate of the first position of
the sequence. In all other cases the coordinate of the first position of
the sequence is taken as 1.
FIMO will create a directory, named fimo_out
by default.
Any existing output files in the directory will be overwritten. The
directory will contain:
fimo.html
-
an HTML file that provides the results in a human-readable formatfimo.tsv
-
a TSV (tab-separated values) file that provides the results in a format suitable
for parsing by scripts and viewing with Excelfimo.gff
-
a GFF3 format file that provides the results
in a format suitable for display in the UCSC genome browser
cisml.xml
-
that provides the results in the CisML
schemafimo.xml
-
that describes the inputs to FIMO and references
the CISML file cisml.xml
The default output directory can be overridden using the --o or --oc options which are described below.
The --text option will limit output to TSV (tab-separated values) results sent to the standard output. This will also disable the calculation and printing of q-values.
Note: See this detailed description of the FIMO output formats for more information.
| Option | Parameter | Description | Default Behavior |
|---|---|---|---|
| General Options | |||
| --alpha | num | The alpha parameter for calculating position-specific priors, used in conjunction with the psp option. num represents the fraction of all transcription factor binding sites that are binding sites for the TF of interest. num must be between 0 and 1. | An value of 1 is used. |
| --max-stored-scores | max | Set the maximum number of scores that will be stored. Keeping a complete list of scores may exceed available memory. Once the number of stored scores reaches the maximum allowed, the least significant 50% of scores will be dropped. In this case, the list of reported motifs may be incomplete and the q-value calculation will be approximate. | The maximum number of stored matches is 100,000. |
| --max-strand | If matches on both strands at a given position satisfy the output threshold, only report the match for the strand with the higher score. If the scores are tied, the matching strand is chosen at random. | Both matches are reported. | |
| --motif | id | Use only the motif identified by id. This option may be repeated. | Use all motifs. |
| --motif-pseudo | count | A pseudocount to be added to each count in the motif matrix, after first multiplying by the corresponding background frequency | A pseudocount of 0.1 is used. |
| --no-qvalue | Do not compute a q-value for each p-value. The q-value calculation is that of Benjamini and Hochberg (1995). | The q-values are calculated. | |
| --norc | Do not score the reverse complement strand. | Both strands are scored if the alphabet is complementable. | |
| --prior-dist | file | File containing binned distribution of priors. This file can be generated using the create-priors utility. | |
| --qv-thresh | Directs the program to use q-values for the output threshold. | The program thresholds on p-values. | |
| --skip-matched-sequence | Like the --text option, this limits output to tab-separated values (TSV) sent to standard out, but in addition, turns off output of the sequence of motif matches. This speeds up processing considerably. | The program thresholds on p-values. | |
| --thresh | num | The output threshold for displaying search results. Only search results with a p-value less than the threshold will be output. The threshold can be set to use q-values rather than p-values via the --qv-thresh option. | The threshold is a p-value of 1e-4. |
If you use FIMO in your research, please cite the following paper:
Charles E. Grant, Timothy L. Bailey, and William Stafford Noble,
"FIMO: Scanning for occurrences of a given motif",
Bioinformatics, 27(7):1017-1018, 2011.
[full text]


--- layout: default title: About Me permalink: / --- {% include sections/general-info.html %} {% include sections/career.html %}


| com.google.android.gms.plus.model.moments.ItemScope |
| Nested Classes | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItemScope.Builder |
| Public Methods | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The subject matter of the content.
| |||||||||||
An additional name for a Person, can be used for a middle name.
| |||||||||||
Postal address.
| |||||||||||
Address country.
| |||||||||||
Address locality.
| |||||||||||
Address region.
| |||||||||||
The encoding.
| |||||||||||
Number of attendees.
| |||||||||||
A person attending the event.
| |||||||||||
From http://schema.org/MusicRecording, the audio file.
| |||||||||||
The person who created this scope.
| |||||||||||
Best possible rating value.
| |||||||||||
Date of birth.
| |||||||||||
From http://schema.org/MusicRecording, the artist that performed this recording.
| |||||||||||
The caption for this object.
| |||||||||||
File size in (mega/kilo) bytes.
| |||||||||||
Actual bytes of the media object, for example the image file or video file.
| |||||||||||
The list of contributors for this scope.
| |||||||||||
The date this scope was created.
| |||||||||||
The date this scope was last modified.
| |||||||||||
The initial date this scope was published.
| |||||||||||
The string describing the content of this scope.
| |||||||||||
The duration of the item (movie, audio recording, event, etc.) in ISO 8601 date format.
| |||||||||||
A URL pointing to a player for a specific video.
| |||||||||||
The end date and time of the event (in ISO 8601 date format).
| |||||||||||
Family name.
| |||||||||||
Gender of the person.
| |||||||||||
Geo coordinates.
| |||||||||||
Given name.
| |||||||||||
The height of the media object.
| |||||||||||
The id for this item scope.
| |||||||||||
A url to the image for this scope.
| |||||||||||
From http://schema.org/MusicRecording, which album a song is in.
| |||||||||||
Latitude.
| |||||||||||
The location of the event or organization.
| |||||||||||
Longitude.
| |||||||||||
The name of this scope.
| |||||||||||
Property of http://schema.org/TVEpisode indicating which series the episode belongs to.
| |||||||||||
The main performer or performers of the event-for example, a presenter, musician, or actor.
| |||||||||||
Player type required-for example, Flash or Silverlight.
| |||||||||||
Post office box number.
| |||||||||||
Postal code.
| |||||||||||
Rating value.
| |||||||||||
Review rating.
| |||||||||||
The start date and time of the event (in ISO 8601 date format).
| |||||||||||
Street address.
| |||||||||||
Comment text, review text, etc.
| |||||||||||
Thumbnail image for an image or video.
| |||||||||||
A url to a thumbnail image for this scope.
| |||||||||||
The exchange traded instrument associated with a Corporation object.
| |||||||||||
The item type.
| |||||||||||
A URL for the item upon which the action was performed.
| |||||||||||
The width of the media object.
| |||||||||||
Worst possible rating value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "about" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "additionalName" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "address" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "addressCountry" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "addressLocality" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "addressRegion" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "associated_media" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "attendeeCount" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "attendees" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "audio" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "author" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "bestRating" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "birthDate" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "byArtist" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "caption" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "contentSize" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "contentUrl" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "contributor" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "dateCreated" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "dateModified" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "datePublished" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "description" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "duration" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "embedUrl" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "endDate" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "familyName" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "gender" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "geo" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "givenName" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "height" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "id" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "image" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "inAlbum" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "latitude" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "location" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "longitude" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "name" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "partOfTVSeries" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "performers" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "playerType" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "postOfficeBoxNumber" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "postalCode" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "ratingValue" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "reviewRating" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "startDate" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "streetAddress" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "text" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "thumbnail" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "thumbnailUrl" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "tickerSymbol" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "type" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "url" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "width" field is explicitly set to a value.
| |||||||||||
Indicates whether the "worstRating" field is explicitly set to a value.
|
|
[Expand]
Inherited Methods | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
From interface
com.google.android.gms.common.data.Freezable
|
An additional name for a Person, can be used for a middle name.
Number of attendees.
From http://schema.org/MusicRecording, the artist that performed this recording.
Actual bytes of the media object, for example the image file or video file.
The duration of the item (movie, audio recording, event, etc.) in ISO 8601 date format.
A URL pointing to a player for a specific video. In general, this is the information in the src element of an embed tag and should not be the same as the content of the loc tag.
Family name. In the U.S., the last name of an Person. This can be used along with givenName instead of the Name property.
Given name. In the U.S., the first name of a Person. This can be used along with familyName instead of the Name property.
From http://schema.org/MusicRecording, which album a song is in.
Latitude.
Longitude.
Property of http://schema.org/TVEpisode indicating which series the episode belongs to.
The main performer or performers of the event-for example, a presenter, musician, or actor.
The start date and time of the event (in ISO 8601 date format).
The exchange traded instrument associated with a Corporation object. The tickerSymbol is expressed as an exchange and an instrument name separated by a space character. For the exchange component of the tickerSymbol attribute, we reccommend using the controlled vocaulary of Market Identifier Codes (MIC) specified in ISO15022.
Indicates whether the "about" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "additionalName" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "address" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "addressCountry" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "addressLocality" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "addressRegion" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "associated_media" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "attendeeCount" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "attendees" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "audio" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "author" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "bestRating" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "birthDate" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "byArtist" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "caption" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "contentSize" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "contentUrl" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "contributor" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "dateCreated" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "dateModified" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "datePublished" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "description" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "duration" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "embedUrl" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "endDate" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "familyName" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "gender" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "geo" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "givenName" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "height" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "id" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "image" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "inAlbum" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "latitude" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "location" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "longitude" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "name" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "partOfTVSeries" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "performers" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "playerType" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "postOfficeBoxNumber" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "postalCode" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "ratingValue" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "reviewRating" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "startDate" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "streetAddress" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "text" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "thumbnail" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "thumbnailUrl" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "tickerSymbol" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "type" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "url" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "width" field is explicitly set to a value.
Indicates whether the "worstRating" field is explicitly set to a value.


Contact Us
Tire Changers
Brake Lathes
Wheel Balancers
Lift Rack
Other
Contact Us
International Distributors
Since first entering into the international market in the 1950s, Hunter has made steady progress in introducing its innovative products to all of the regions of the world. Hunter is committed to building lasting business relationships and a loyal following of end users worldwide through its international network of distributors in more than 100 countries around the world.
Hunter further supports their international partners with corporate offices in Germany and China. Hunter Deutschland GmbH was established in 2002 to provide local support to the German OEM car companies and to distribute Hunter's full line of products into the German market. Hunter China was established in 2012 to support the rapidly growing Chinese automotive market.
Hunter is now recognized as a worldwide leader in the automotive aftermarket and will continue to design international specific products for its global market.


Provides read/write access to browser's cookies.
Only a simple Object is exposed and by adding or removing properties to/from this object, new cookies are created/deleted at the end of current $eval. The object's properties can only be strings.
Requires the ngCookies
module to be installed.
<script>
function ExampleController($cookies) {
// Retrieving a cookie
var favoriteCookie = $cookies.myFavorite;
// Setting a cookie
$cookies.myFavorite = 'oatmeal';
}
</script>


PUSHING TIN A film review by David N. Butterworth Copyright 1999 David N. Butterworth
*1/2 (out of ****)
Sometimes a stellar cast can compensate for a lot of things, and "Pushing Tin" certainly features some name stars who are going places: Billy Bob Thornton, Cate Blanchett, Angelina Jolie, and oh yes John Cusack who might not realize it at first, but he's actually the *veteran* among this quartet of fine-looking people.
Sometimes a terrific cast like this can compensate for a lackluster screen treatment of an idea that has "hip comedy" written all over it, compensate for workmanlike but uninspired direction, compensate for an obnoxious score that would have anyone but the tone deaf screaming for the exits, compensate for clichéd characterizations, compensate for embarrassing "you have to be joking" situations. Etc.
In "Pushing Tin," Thornton, Blanchett, Jolie, and Cusack don't have an earthly.
From the opening sequence the film is in big trouble: squiggly, "quirky" credits, fake-looking passenger planes circling New York, and Anne Dudley's in-your-ear music making us wonder how she ever got that Best Original Score nomination for "The Full Monty," let alone won it. But I, for one, wasn't ready to walk just yet.
So quickly we descend into a tightly-edited air traffic controllers montage which screams to us in large capital letters THESE PEOPLE HAVE A DIFFICULT JOB, YES, what with their frantic, mile-a-minute instructional personas, juggling planes and passenger's lives like some huge, real, mid-air video game. Hip, cool, demonic auctioneer Nick "the Zone" Falzone (Cusack) is the best in the biz. Of course. Until some hipper, cooler, leather-clad flyboy assist in the guise of Russell Bell (Thornton) shows up to challenge Falzone's finite air space.
Boys will be boys and some heavy duty testosterone starts exuding, then the macho one-upmanship begins. It doesn't stop with seeing who can juggle three 747s within a cat's whisker of each other. Oh no. There are some broken hoop dreams, some wanna-see-how-fast-I-can-drives, and then the ultimate showdown: was that my wife I saw you with last night?
Director Mike Newell ("Four Weddings and a Funeral") must have read a different draft of this script because the one that's being acted out up there between Newark, JFK, and La Guardia doesn't have an ounce of subtlety, and Newell has made some awfully good-and funny-movies before. The antics of these air traffic controllers will make you cringe. They'll make you frown in disbelief. They'll have you constantly looking at your watch. But wait! There's still 100 minutes to go!!
The film's only saving grace is Blanchett, whose Connie Falzone is a spunky, brash, Long Island housewife who wants to better herself by taking art classes. This is a wonderful accomplishment for the fine actress who has previously played a red-headed Australian gambler ("Oscar and Lucinda") and a tempestuous British monarch ("Elizabeth"). But she's not enough to save the picture. Thornton looks terrific and performs solidly but his character is a joke. Jolie (as Russell's knock 'em dead wife) isn't bad, but the up-and-coming actress disappoints by allowing herself to be displayed like a plaything. Cusack cracks gum, dons shades, and acts hip throughout but, like everything else in the film, his performance is forced.
In the last ten minutes or so, for some inexplicable reason, things start coming together and you begin to get a sense of how this film might have been, like the trailer teases. But it's too little too late. A fine cast aside, "Pushing Tin" is nothing more than an embarrassment.
-- David N. Butterworth<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Your game token is like a special password you use to log into games that support high scores and achievements.
[
more info
]
Never share your account password. In fact, if a game asks for your password instead of your game token, please report it!
| Current Game Token |
{{ token }}
|


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: Back to GMail author: Leask author_login: leask author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: https://leaskh.com wordpress_id: 356 wordpress_url: http://leaskh.wordpress.com/2007/04/18/back-to-gmail date: '2007-04-18 08:48:05 +0800' date_gmt: '2007-04-18 08:48:05 +0800' categories: - Function tags: [] comments: [] ---


Cell Size
Max Run Count
Simulation Duration
Cycles Per Tick
Cycles Per Simulation Draw
Max Food Value
Max Total Food On Map
Initial Food Abundance
Number of Seasons
Population Parameters
Breed without checking for enough food
Breeders wait when not able to breed
Genes are expressed more extremely
Breeders line up(checked) or get picked randomly(unchecked) to breed
Fitness is either calculated as the sum(checked) or max(unchecked)
Breeders live longer
Breeders breed faster
Foragers carry more food
Foragers have more energy
Role gene works
Initial Population
Max Energy
Min Energy
Max Egg Laying Time
Min Egg Laying Time
Forage Weight
Breed Weight
Age requirement To Breed
Breeder Standby Penalty
Max Standby Threshold
Minimum Chance To Die
Maximum Chance To Die
Minimum Age
Hunger Threshold
Food Intake
Mutation Rate
Max Deviation
Max Carrying Capacity
Min Carrying Capacity
Energy Decay
Larva Maturation In Cycles


--- layout: post title: Daily Poem 13 date: 2014-10-17 08:00:10.000000000 -05:00 categories: - Poetry tags: - bad poetry - julia moore - liswamírë - poem - poetry status: publish type: post published: true meta: mkd_text: |- Blessed Julia Patron saint of lyrics poor Smile upon this poem Dear Mrs. Moore. _edit_last: '15848442' geo_public: '0' _publicize_pending: '1' publicize_facebook_url: https://facebook.com/10152793610728966 _wpas_done_7955695: '1' _publicize_done_external: a:1:{s:8:"facebook";a:1:{i:824388965;b:1;}} publicize_google_plus_url: https://plus.google.com/114804560735441528752/posts/jFg1F7o422G _wpas_done_7873267: '1' author: ---
Blessed Julia
Patron saint of lyrics poor
Smile upon this poem
Dear Mrs. Moore.


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