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鳥居
Torii
Torii (鳥居), are gateways that are placed at the entrance(s) of Shinto shrines. They make the symbolic transition between the normal human world and the spiritual.
Paths up to Shinto shrines may be lined with several Torii. Each additional gateway represents increased holiness the closer and closer one draws to the shrine. The first gateway at the entrance(s) is called the ichi no torii (一の鳥居), meaning the "first torii". The next is called the ni no torii (二の鳥居), meaning the "second torii". The pattern continues for each additional Torii gate.
Aside from Shinto shrines, Torii also stand in front of the tombs of Emperors and on other sacred spots.
— Origin
It is unknown where Torii came from originally. Some believe that they were derived from Torana, a similar looking gateway at the entrance of Buddhist shrines, stupa, or Hindu temples in India. This theory states that the Torana was brought along with Buddhism when it first came to Japan.
Other's believe that the Torii came from the Chinese Paifang, which itself was derived from the Torana when Buddhism was introduced in China.
Furthermore, some believe that they would have come from the Korean Hongsalmun, which have the same origin story as the Paifang.
There is, of course, some discussion as to Torii being a purely Japanese invention.
— Structure
Traditionally, Torii were made of stone or wood, but today they can also be constructed in reinforced concrete, copper, or other such materials. They may be painted or unpainted. Generally, painted ones are painted in black and vermilion or orange. Rarely do you see them painted in other colors.
When painted in black and vermilion, only the kasagi and nemaki are painted in black.
The main two upright support pillars are called hashira (柱). At the very top is a horizontal beam called the kasagi (笠木). The hashira are held together with a tie-beam called nuki (貫).
The nuki is accompanied by ornamental wedges called kusabi (楔). It may also be accompanied by a supporting strut called the gakuzuka (額束). The gakuzuka may have a tablet on it that has the name of the shrine written on it.
The lintel at the top of the gateway is the kasagi, and it may be paired with with a second lintel called the shimaki (島木). Depending on which of the two families of styles it belongs to, they may have an upward curve called sorimashi (反り増し), or may be straight.
The hashira are often supported by white, round stones at their base called kamebara (亀腹) or daiishi (台石). Occasionally, they are replaced with a black decorative sleeve we called the nemaki (根巻).
Where the hashira meet the kasagi, sometimes there may be a decorative ring that is called the daiwa (台輪).
— Styles
Shinme Torii Family:
Shime Torii
Shinmei Torii
Geku/Ise Torii
Kashima Torii
Kasuga Torii
Hachiman Torii
Mihashira Torii
・Shime Torii (注連鳥居)
This type of Torii is the most simple, as it is just two posts with a shimenawa (標縄) rope held between them.
・Shinmei Torii (神明鳥居)
This Torii gives name to its family, and is thought to be the oldest style. It is made up only of hashira, kasagi, and nuki.
・Ise Torii (伊勢鳥居)
This Torii is found only around the Ise Shrine in Mie Prefecture. There are two subtypes: Both are very similar to shinmei torii. The first has hashira that have a slight inward slant and its nuki are held in place with pentagonal shaped kusabi with ends that are slightly thicker. The second is similar to the first, but has a secondary shimaki under the pentagonal kusabi set.
・Kashima Torii (鹿島鳥居)
This Torii noted for its nuki protruding from its sides and its kusabi. It does not have inward slanting hashira. Named after the torii found at Kashima Shrine.
・Kasuga Torii (春日鳥居)
A torii with straight aligned kasagi.
・Hachiman Torii (八幡鳥居)
Hachiman Torii are identical to kasuga torii in all but that the kasagi are at a slight downward slant. They are often used at Hachiman shrines.
・Shiromaruta Torii (白丸太鳥居)
This Torii is a shinmei torii who's logs have been stripped of of its bark. These types are placed at the tombs of Emperors.
・Mihashira Torii (三柱鳥居)
Mihashira Torii is a special type that is made from three torii. It is believed to have been created by early Japanese Christians to represent the Holy Trinity.
Myoujin Torii Family:
Myoujin Torii
Nakayama Torii
Inari/Daiwa Torii
Ryoubu Torii
Miwa Torii
Usa Torii
Nune Torii
Sannou Torii
Hizen Torii
・Myoujin Torii (明神鳥居)
This is by far the most common Torii. Its kasagi and shimaki are curved upwards and have kusabi. They are usually painted vermillion and black or left unpainted. They can be made from wood, stone, reinforced concrete, or other materials.
・Nakayama Torii (中山鳥居)
This type is identical to myoujin torii in all but that the nuki does not protrude and the kasagi/shimaki are curved upwards more that usually. Named after the one found in Nakayama Shrine.
・Daiwa/Inari Torii (大輪鳥居・稲荷鳥居)
These types have daiwa at the top of the pillars. The name "inari" came from that these were often used at Inari Shrines. This style came about during the Heian period.
・Ryōbu Torii (両部鳥居)
The "four legged torii." It is a daiwa torii that is reinforced with square pillars on both sides of the hisashi.
・Miwa Torii (三輪鳥居)
This type of torii is created from three myoujin torii, but with no hisashi inclination. They can be with or without a set of doors.
・Usa Torii
This type of torii is a myoujin torii, with no gakuzuka.
・Nune Torii
This is a daiwa torii with a small gable above the gakuzuka.
・Sannō Torii (山王鳥居)
This type of torii has a gable over the kasagi and shimaki.
・Hizen Torii (肥前鳥居)
Hizen torii are unusual torii with rounded kusagi and hisashi that flare downwards.


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Low Level Functions¶
In this chapter we will learn about the low level functions provided by Ring
- callgc()
- varptr()
- space()
- nullpointer()
- object2pointer()
- pointer2object()
- ispointer()
- ptrcmp()
- ringvm_cfunctionslist()
- ringvm_functionslist()
- ringvm_classeslist()
- ringvm_packageslist()
- ringvm_memorylist()
- ringvm_calllist()
- ringvm_fileslist()
- ringvm_settrace()
- ringvm_tracedata()
- ringvm_traceevent()
- ringvm_tracefunc()
- ringvm_scopescount()
- ringvm_evalinscope()
- ringvm_passerror()
- ringvm_hideerrorMsg()
- ringvm_callfunc()
- ringvm_see()
- ringvm_give()
- ringvm_info()
callgc() function¶
Use this function to force calling the garbage collector during function execution when you use a loop that create temp. variables that you don’t free using the assignment operation.
It’s very rare to need this function but it’s useful when you create something like event-loop for your game engine and start creating lists on the fly when you call functions.
Example
While True
# process events
# call functions using temp. lists like myfunc(["temp list"])
# call the garbage collector
callgc()
End
Tip
In Ring the garbage collector works automatically in the end of function execution or when you use the assignment statement.
varptr() function¶
Use the varptr() function when you need to pass a pointer to a C/C++ function.
Syntax:
varptr(cVariableName,cPointerType) —> Low Level Object (C Pointer)
example:
r = 10
z = 20
see r + nl
see varptr("r","int")
see varptr("z","int")
Output:
10
00E3C740
int
2
00E3BEC0
int
2
Note
the low level object is a list contains three items (The Pointer, The Type, The Status)
space() function¶
Use the space function to allocate a specific number of bytes in Memory.
Syntax:
Space(nBytesCount) ---> String
Example:
mystring = space(200)
See "String Size : " + len(mystring) + nl
See "String : " + mystring + nl
See "String Pointer : "
See varptr("mystring","char *")
Output:
String Size : 200
String :
String Pointer : 00FF8FE8
char *
2
Note
You may need the space() and VarPtr() functions to pass buffers to C functions.
nullpointer() function¶
You may need to pass the NULL pointer to a C function that may expect a pointer as parameter and accept NULL pointers for optional parameters.
Example:
The next example uses the SDL_BlitSurface() function from the LibSDL Library through RingSDL The function accept SDL_Rect pointers in the second and the last parameter. Also the function accept NULL pointers, so we can pass them using the NULLPointer() Function.
SDL_BlitSurface(text, nullpointer(), surface, nullpointer())
Note
The previous code doesn’t work alone, you need to learn how to use RingSDL first.
Tip
We can pass NULL as parameter instead of using NULLPointer()
object2pointer() function¶
Use this function to get a C pointer for Ring lists and objects
Syntax:
object2pointer(List|Object) --> Low Level Object ( C Pointer )
pointer2object() function¶
Use this function to get the Ring list and/or object from the low level object (C Pointer)
Syntax:
pointer2object(Low Level Object) ---> List|Object
Example:
# Create the list
mylist = 1:5
# Create pointer to the list
x = object2pointer(mylist)
see x
see nl
# Add items to the list
mylist + "welcome"
# print the list items
y = pointer2object(x)
see y
Output:
0069A5D8
OBJECTPOINTER
0
1
2
3
4
5
welcome
Note
In Ring the assignment operator copy lists and objects by value, to copy by reference Just use the object2pointer() and pointer2object() functions.
Tip
The object2pointer() and pointer2object() are used in the stdlib - Tree Class implementation to create a reference for the parent node (object) in the child node (another object).
ispointer() function¶
Check if the parameter is a pointer (C Object) or not.
Syntax:
IsPointer(vPara) ---> True|False
Example :
fp = fopen(filename(),"r")
? type(fp)
? ispointer(fp)
Output :
file
1
ptrcmp() function¶
We can compare between two pointers (C Objects) using the ptrcmp() function.
Syntax:
ptrcmp(oObject1,oObject2) ---> value = 1 if oObject1 = oObject2
value = 0 if oObject1 != oObject2
Example:
fp = fopen("ptrcmp.ring","r")
fp2 = fp
fp3 = fopen("ptrcmp.ring","r")
see ptrcmp(fp,fp2) + nl
see ptrcmp(fp,fp3) + nl
fclose(fp)
fclose(fp3)
Output:
1
0
ringvm_cfunctionslist() function¶
The Function return a list of functions written in C.
Syntax:
RingVM_CFunctionsList() ---> List
Example:
See RingVM_CFunctionsList()
ringvm_functionslist() function¶
The Function return a list of functions written in Ring.
Each List Member is a list contains the next items
- Function Name
- Program Counter (PC) - Function Position in Byte Code.
- Source Code File Name
- Private Flag (For Private Methods in Classes)
Syntax:
RingVM_FunctionsList() ---> List
Example:
test()
func test
see ringvm_functionslist()
Output:
test
8
B:/ring/tests/scripts/functionslist.ring
0
ringvm_classeslist() function¶
The Function return a list of Classes.
Each List Member is a list contains the next items
- Class Name
- Program Counter (PC) - Class Position in Byte Code.
- Parent Class Name
- Methods List
- Flag (Is parent class information collected)
- Pointer to the package (or NULL if no package is used)
Syntax:
RingVM_ClassesList() ---> List
Example:
see ringvm_classeslist()
class class1
func f1
class class2 from class1
class class3 from class1
Output:
class1
9
f1
13
B:/ring/tests/scripts/classeslist.ring
0
0
00000000
class2
16
class1
0
00000000
class3
20
class1
0
00000000
ringvm_packageslist() function¶
The Function return a list of Packages.
Each List Member is a list contains the next items
- Package Name
- Classes List
Syntax:
RingVM_PackagesList() ---> List
Example:
see ringvm_packageslist()
package package1
class class1
package package2
class class1
package package3
class class1
Output:
package1
class1
11
0
00FEF838
package2
class1
17
0
00FEF978
package3
class1
23
0
00FEFF68
ringvm_memorylist() function¶
The Function return a list of Memory Scopes and Variables.
Each List Member is a list contains variables in a different scope.
Each Item in the scope list is a list contains the next items
- Variable Name
- Variable Type
- Variable Value
- Pointer Type (List/Item) if the value is a list
- Private Flag (if the variable is an attribute in a Class)
Syntax:
RingVM_MemoryList() ---> List
Example:
x = 10
test()
func test
y = 20
see ringvm_memorylist()
Output:
true
2
1
0
0
false
2
0
0
0
nl
1
0
0
null
1
0
0
ring_gettemp_var
4
00000000
0
0
ccatcherror
1
NULL
0
0
ring_settemp_var
4
00000000
0
0
ring_tempflag_var
2
0
0
0
stdin
3
50512DB8
file
0
0
0
stdout
3
50512DD8
file
0
0
0
stderr
3
50512DF8
file
0
0
0
this
4
00000000
0
0
sysargv
3
B:\ring\bin/ring
B:/ring/tests/scripts/memorylist.ring
0
0
x
2
10
0
0
y
2
20
0
0
ringvm_calllist() function¶
The Function return a list of the functions call list.
Each List Member is a list contains the next items
- Function Type
- Function Name
- Program Counter (PC)
- Stack Pointer (SP)
- Temp. Memory List
- Method or Function Flag
- Caller PC
- FuncExec Flag
- ListStart Flag
- Nested Lists Pointer
- State List
Syntax:
RingVM_CallList() ---> List
Example:
hello()
func hello
test()
func test
mylist = ringvm_calllist()
for t in mylist see t[2] + nl next
Output:
function hello() in file B:/ring/tests/scripts/calllist.ring
called from line 1
function test() in file B:/ring/tests/scripts/calllist.ring
called from line 3
ringvm_calllist
ringvm_fileslist() function¶
Function return a list of the Ring Files.
Syntax:
RingVM_FilesList() ---> List
Example:
load "stdlib.ring"
see ringvm_fileslist()
Output:
B:/ring/tests/scripts/fileslist.ring
B:\ring\bin\stdlib.ring
eval
stdlib.ring
stdlib.rh
stdclasses.ring
stdfunctions.ring
stdbase.ring
stdstring.ring
stdlist.ring
stdstack.ring
stdqueue.ring
stdmath.ring
stddatetime.ring
stdfile.ring
stdsystem.ring
stddebug.ring
stddatatype.ring
stdconversion.ring
stdodbc.ring
stdmysql.ring
stdsecurity.ring
stdinternet.ring
stdhashtable.ring
stdtree.ring
ringvm_settrace()¶
The function ringvm_settrace() determine the Trace function name
The trace function is a Ring function that will be called for each event
Syntax:
RingVM_SetTrace(cCode)
ringvm_tracedata()¶
Inside the function that we will use for tracing events
We can use the ringvm_tracedata() function to get the event data.
The event data is a list contains the next items
- The Source Code Line Number
- The Source File Name
- The Function/Method Name
- Method or Function (Bool : True=Method, False=Function/File)
Syntax:
RingVM_TraceData() ---> aDataList
ringvm_traceevent()¶
Inside the function that we will use for tracing events
We can use ringvm_traceevent() to know the event type
- New Line
- Before Function
- After Function
- Runtime Error
- Before C Function
- After C Function
Syntax:
RingVM_TraceEvent() ---> nTraceEvent
ringvm_tracefunc()¶
The function return the name of the function that we are using for tracing events.
Syntax:
RingVM_TraceEvent() ---> cCode
ringvm_scopescount()¶
We can use the RingVM_ScopesCount() function to know the number of scopes used in the application.
In the start of the program, We have the (global scope only)
When we call a function, A new scope is created.
When the function execution is done, the function scope is deleted.
Syntax:
RingVM_ScopesCount() ---> nScopes
ringvm_evalinscope()¶
The function ringvm_evalinscope() is similar to the eval() function
Unlike eval() which execute the code in the current scope
Using RingVM_EvalInScope() we can execute the scope in a specific scope.
Syntax:
RingVM_EvalInScope(nScope,cCode)
ringvm_passerror()¶
When we have runtime error, After printing the Error message, Ring will end the execution of the program.
Using ringvm_passerror() we can avoid that, and continue the execution of our program.
Syntax:
RingVM_PassError()
ringvm_hideerrormsg()¶
We can disable/enable displaying the runtime error messages using the RingVM_HideErrorMsg() function.
Syntax:
RingVM_HideErrorMsg(lStatus)
ringvm_callfunc()¶
We can call a function from a string without using eval() using the ringvm_callfunc()
Syntax:
RingVM_CallFunc(cFuncName)
Example - Using the Trace Functions¶
The next example use the Trace Functions to trace the program Events!
In practical, We will use the Trace Library instead of these low level functions!
load "tracelib.ring"
ringvm_settrace("mytrace()")
see "Hello, world!" + nl
see "Welcome" + nl
see "How are you?" +nl
mytest()
new myclass { mymethod() }
func mytest
see "Message from mytest" + nl
func mytrace
see "====== The Trace function is Active ======" + nl +
"Trace Function Name : " + ringvm_TraceFunc() + nl +
"Trace Event : "
switch ringvm_TraceEvent()
on TRACEEVENT_NEWLINE see "New Line"
on TRACEEVENT_NEWFUNC see "New Function"
on TRACEEVENT_RETURN see "Return"
on TRACEEVENT_ERROR see "Error"
on TRACEEVENT_BEFORECFUNC see "Before C Function"
on TRACEEVENT_AFTERCFUNC see "After C Function"
off
see nl +
"Line Number : " + ringvm_tracedata()[TRACEDATA_LINENUMBER] + nl +
"File Name : " + ringvm_tracedata()[TRACEDATA_FILENAME] + nl +
"Function Name : " + ringvm_tracedata()[TRACEDATA_FUNCNAME] + nl +
"Method or Function : "
if ringvm_tracedata()[TRACEDATA_METHODORFUNC] =
TRACEDATA_METHODORFUNC_METHOD
see "Method"
else
if ringvm_tracedata()[TRACEDATA_FUNCNAME] = NULL
see "Command"
else
see "Function"
ok
ok
see nl + Copy("=",42) + nl
class myclass
func mymethod
see "Message from mymethod" + nl
Output:
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : After C Function
Line Number : 3
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name : ringvm_settrace
Method or Function : Function
==========================================
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : New Line
Line Number : 5
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name :
Method or Function : Command
==========================================
Hello, world!
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : New Line
Line Number : 6
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name :
Method or Function : Command
==========================================
Welcome
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : New Line
Line Number : 7
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name :
Method or Function : Command
==========================================
How are you?
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : New Line
Line Number : 8
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name :
Method or Function : Command
==========================================
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : New Function
Line Number : 8
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name : mytest
Method or Function : Function
==========================================
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : New Line
Line Number : 12
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name : mytest
Method or Function : Function
==========================================
Message from mytest
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : New Line
Line Number : 14
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name : mytest
Method or Function : Function
==========================================
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : Return
Line Number : 8
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name :
Method or Function : Command
==========================================
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : New Line
Line Number : 9
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name :
Method or Function : Command
==========================================
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : New Line
Line Number : 43
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name :
Method or Function : Command
==========================================
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : Before C Function
Line Number : 9
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name : ismethod
Method or Function : Function
==========================================
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : After C Function
Line Number : 9
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name : ismethod
Method or Function : Function
==========================================
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : New Function
Line Number : 9
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name : mymethod
Method or Function : Method
==========================================
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : New Line
Line Number : 44
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name : mymethod
Method or Function : Method
==========================================
Message from mymethod
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : Return
Line Number : 9
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name :
Method or Function : Command
==========================================
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : Before C Function
Line Number : 9
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name : ismethod
Method or Function : Function
==========================================
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : After C Function
Line Number : 9
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name : ismethod
Method or Function : Function
==========================================
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : Before C Function
Line Number : 9
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name : ismethod
Method or Function : Function
==========================================
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : After C Function
Line Number : 9
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name : ismethod
Method or Function : Function
==========================================
====== The Trace function is Active ======
Trace Function Name : mytrace()
Trace Event : New Line
Line Number : 11
File Name : test1.ring
Function Name :
Method or Function : Command
==========================================
Example - The Trace Library¶
The next example uses the Trace functions provided by the Ring language to create the Trace library.
Using the Trace library we have nice Tracing tools and Interaction debugger too.
# Trace Events
TRACEEVENT_NEWLINE = 1
TRACEEVENT_NEWFUNC = 2
TRACEEVENT_RETURN = 3
TRACEEVENT_ERROR = 4
TRACEEVENT_BEFORECFUNC = 5
TRACEEVENT_AFTERCFUNC = 6
# Trace Data
TRACEDATA_LINENUMBER = 1
TRACEDATA_FILENAME = 2
TRACEDATA_FUNCNAME = 3
TRACEDATA_METHODORFUNC = 4
# Method of Function
TRACEDATA_METHODORFUNC_METHOD = TRUE
TRACEDATA_METHODORFUNC_NOTMETHOD = FALSE
TRACE_BREAKPOINTS = TRUE
TRACE_TEMPLIST = []
func Trace cType
switch trim(lower(cType))
on :AllEvents
ringvm_settrace("TraceLib_AllEvents()")
on :Functions
ringvm_settrace("TraceLib_Functions()")
on :PassError
ringvm_settrace("TraceLib_PassError()")
on :Debugger
ringvm_settrace("TraceLib_Debugger()")
on :LineByLine
ringvm_settrace("TraceLib_LineByLine()")
off
func TraceLib_AllEvents
if right(ringvm_tracedata()[TRACEDATA_FILENAME],13) = "tracelib.ring"
return
ok
see "====== The Trace function is Active ======" + nl +
"Trace Function Name : " + ringvm_TraceFunc() + nl +
"Trace Event : "
switch ringvm_TraceEvent()
on TRACEEVENT_NEWLINE see "New Line"
on TRACEEVENT_NEWFUNC see "New Function"
on TRACEEVENT_RETURN see "Return"
on TRACEEVENT_ERROR see "Error"
on TRACEEVENT_BEFORECFUNC see "Before C Function"
on TRACEEVENT_AFTERCFUNC see "After C Function"
off
see nl +
"Line Number : " + ringvm_tracedata()[TRACEDATA_LINENUMBER] + nl +
"File Name : " + ringvm_tracedata()[TRACEDATA_FILENAME] + nl +
"Function Name : " + ringvm_tracedata()[TRACEDATA_FUNCNAME] + nl +
"Method or Function : "
if ringvm_tracedata()[TRACEDATA_METHODORFUNC] =
TRACEDATA_METHODORFUNC_METHOD
see "Method"
else
if ringvm_tracedata()[TRACEDATA_FUNCNAME] = NULL
see "Command"
else
see "Function"
ok
ok
see nl + Copy("=",42) + nl
func TraceLib_Functions
if right(ringvm_tracedata()[TRACEDATA_FILENAME],13) = "tracelib.ring"
return
ok
switch ringvm_TraceEvent()
on TRACEEVENT_NEWFUNC
see "Open Func : " +
ringvm_TraceData()[TRACEDATA_FUNCNAME] + nl
on TRACEEVENT_RETURN
see "Return to Func : " +
ringvm_TraceData()[TRACEDATA_FUNCNAME] + nl
off
func TraceLib_PassError
if right(ringvm_tracedata()[TRACEDATA_FILENAME],13) = "tracelib.ring"
return
ok
switch ringvm_TraceEvent()
on TRACEEVENT_ERROR
see nl
see "TraceLib : After Error !" + nl
ringvm_passerror()
off
func TraceLib_Debugger
if right(ringvm_tracedata()[TRACEDATA_FILENAME],13) = "tracelib.ring"
return
ok
switch ringvm_TraceEvent()
on TRACEEVENT_ERROR
_BreakPoint()
off
func TraceLib_LineByLine
if right(ringvm_tracedata()[TRACEDATA_FILENAME],13) = "tracelib.ring" or
ringvm_TraceEvent() != TRACEEVENT_NEWLINE
return
ok
aList = ringvm_tracedata()
see "Before Line : " + aList[TRACEDATA_LINENUMBER] + nl
_BreakPoint()
func BreakPoint
if not TRACE_BREAKPOINTS
return
ok
_BreakPoint()
func _BreakPoint
see nl+nl+Copy("=",60) + nl +
Copy(" ",20)+"Interactive Debugger" + nl +
Copy("=",60) + nl +
"Command (Exit) : End Program" + nl +
"Command (Cont) : Continue Execution" + nl +
"Command (Locals) : Print local variables names" + nl +
"Command (LocalsData) : Print local variables data" + nl +
"Command (Globals) : Print global variables names" + nl +
"We can execute Ring code" + nl +
Copy("=",60) + nl
while true
see nl + "code:> "
give cCode
cmd = trim(lower(cCode))
if cmd = "exit" or cmd = "bye"
shutdown()
ok
nScope = ringvm_scopescount()-2
switch cmd
on "locals"
ringvm_EvalInScope(nScope,"see locals() callgc()")
loop
on "localsdata"
PrintLocalsData(nScope)
loop
on "globals"
ringvm_EvalInScope(nScope,"see globals() callgc()")
loop
on "cont"
ringvm_passerror()
exit
off
Try
ringvm_EvalInScope(nScope,cCode)
catch
see cCatchError
done
end
func NoBreakPoints
TRACE_BREAKPOINTS = FALSE
func PrintLocalsData nScope
if nScope = 1 # Global
ringvm_Evalinscope(nScope,'TRACE_TEMPLIST = globals()')
else
ringvm_Evalinscope(nScope,'TRACE_TEMPLIST = locals() callgc()')
ok
see nl
aTempList = TRACE_TEMPLIST
TRACE_TEMPLIST = []
nSpaces = 5
for TRACE_ITEM in aTempList
if len(TRACE_ITEM) + 5 > nSpaces
nSpaces = len(TRACE_ITEM) + 5
ok
next
for TRACE_ITEM in aTempList
see "Variable : " + TRACE_ITEM
cVarName = TRACE_ITEM
see copy(" ",nSpaces-len(cVarName)) + " Type : "
ringvm_Evalinscope(nScope,"see type(" + TRACE_ITEM +")")
ringvm_Evalinscope(nScope,"see Copy(' ',fabs(15-len(type(" +
TRACE_ITEM +"))))")
see " Value : "
ringvm_Evalinscope(nScope,"see " + TRACE_ITEM)
see nl
next
ringvm_see() function¶
Using the ringvm_see() function we can redefine the behavior of the See command
Also we can use ring_see() to have the original behavior
Example:
see "Hello world" + nl
see 123 + nl
see ["one","two","three"]
see new point {x=10 y=20 z=30}
func ringvm_see t
ring_see("We want to print: ")
ring_See(t)
class point x y z
Output:
We want to print: Hello world
We want to print: 123
We want to print: one
two
three
We want to print: x: 10.000000
y: 20.000000
z: 30.000000
ringvm_give() function¶
Using the ringvm_give() function we can redefine the behavior of the Give command
Example:
see "Name: " give name
see "Hello " + name
func ringvm_give
see "Mahmoud" + nl
return "Mahmoud"
Output:
Name: Mahmoud
Hello Mahmoud
ringvm_info() function¶
The ringvm_info() is an internal function that return a list of information about the Ring VM structure.
It’s used only by the Ring Team in advanced tests to check the VM status.
Syntax:
ringvm_info() ---> List of information about the VM structure


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--- title: Tango keywords: fastai sidebar: home_sidebar summary: "Tango is a research tool for automatically detecting duplicate video-based bug reports by combining visual and textual information present in the videos." ---
Note: We provide all results. However, for the rankings, we provide all of them except for the visual information models, which we only provide the best performing one (SimCLR-bovw-5fps-1,000vw). We will provide the rest of the rankings for the visual information models upon acceptance
We provide all of our data, models, and results. You can download the zip here: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VFxzNXlldGDoCkyNeiLrrHCnAPaqJPpH/view?usp=sharing
In this data package, you will find two folders: artifacts
and outputs
artifacts
contains the videos we collected in our user study, the model files for the different models we evaluated, and the detailed results that we generated (See Detailed Results
section for more information). The videos
folder is broken down by user, where each user has a folder contain the apps they were given to create videos for. Each of the apps contain folders that denote the bug they generated a report for. Finally, instead these bug folders there is the actual video-based bug report as an mp4 file. The user_assignment.csv
just contains the finalized assignments of users to corresponding bug reports.
In the models
folder, you will find the two models we evaluated (SIFT, SimCLR, and OCR+IR). In each folder you will find the corresponding trained codebook files that we generated for SIFT and SimCLR. These codebook files are pickle files that contain the binary representation of the trained codebooks. Additionally, in the SimCLR folder, you will find a checkpoint and pytorch model file that contains all the necessary information for reloading our trained SimCLR model. For the OCR+IR
folder, you will find all of the code for the OCR+IR model as well as the intermediate output for this particular model, other models' outputs are stored in the outputs
folder.
The outputs
folder contains all of the intermediate outputs of our code, except for OCR+IR. In the results
folder, you will find all of the raw rankings and metrics for the SIFT and SimCLR model for all combinations of video-based bug reports per app. evaluation_setting
contains a json file that contains all of the duplicate detection tasks we used for evaluating our models, i.e. setting 2
(See paper for more details). user_rankings_weighted_all
and user_results_weighted_all
contain converted version of the raw rankings and metrics for the SIFT and SimCLR model to match setting 2
. extracted_text
contains the output of running the OCR model, i.e. the frames of the videos and the text from each frame. Lastly, combined
contains the results of the combined tango approach.
We have created our reproduction package using Docker. Please install Docker if you do not already have it install.
Steps to Reproduce:
git clone https://github.com/two-to-tango/tango.git
./start <data_path>
docker exec -it tango bash
cd main
) and install tango locally: pip install -e .
jupyter notebook list
localhost:8888
and paste the token into the correct fieldmain/nbs/06_results.ipynb
and follow the rest of the instructions provided in that notebookYou can find a spreadsheet containing the results for all of the different configurations we tested at tango_reproduction_package/artifacts/detailed_results.xlsx
.
In this excel file, we have multiple sheets. overall
shows the performance of the different model configurations averaged across all apps. overall_comb
shows the combined performance of the visual and textual model configurations averaged across all apps. Additionally, per-app
and per-app-comb
has the performance of the single and combined model configurations per app, respectively. Lastly, we provide the overall performance in sheet overall_user_study
and overall_user_study_comb
of the single and combined model configurations on the settings (used only APOD app) given to the users for evaluating how much time and effort tango can save developers.
All sheets show the performance in terms of mRR (avg_rr
), the standard deviation of recipical rank, median (med_rr
), and quartile 1 and 3 (q#_rr
). The same is true for mAP (avg_ap
). We also show the performance in terms of average rank including standard deviation, and quartiles. Lastly, we providing HIT@1-5, 7, and 10 (h#
).
Sheets that contain the weight
column have information regarding how much weight is given to the visual and textual information. A value of 0.1
means that the textual information received a weight of 0.1
while the visual information was given a weight of 0.9
. For values containing two numbers, e.g. 0.1-0.0
, refers to the weighting scheme introduced in the paper for when there may be high overlap in vocabulary between duplicate and non-duplicates (See paper for more details). If an app does not have high overlap, then a weight of 0.1
is used for the textual information, else the textual information is not considered, i.e., weight of 0.0
.
Download our repo:
git clone https://github.com/two-to-tango/tango.git
Navigate to the root of the project and run:
pip install .
tango <query_vid_path> <corpus_path> <codebook_path> <simclr_checkpoint_path>
Example Output:
OrderedDict([ (('APOD', 'CC1', 'U2'), 1.0),
(('APOD', 'CC1', 'U1'), 0.7101319783997799),
(('APOD', 'CC3', 'U2'), 0.19613202363022775),
(('APOD', 'RB', 'U1'), 0.1261138231868554),
(('APOD', 'CC2', 'U2'), 0.11940588516361622),
(('APOD', 'CC3', 'U1'), 0.07206934454930929),
(('APOD', 'CC2', 'U1'), 0.03426603336985401)])
For training the SimCLR model we used the RICO dataset and this repository for training a SimCLR model using Pytorch Lightning


Hello there 🖐,
My name is Ajmal S
From Gods own country Kerala, India
🇮🇳
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Coding Activity & Stats
Summary
Activity


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load static %} {% block title %}{{ticker}}{% endblock %} {% block content %}
{{price.regularMarketPrice.fmt}} USD
{{price.regularMarketOpen.fmt}}
High:{{price.regularMarketDayHigh.fmt}}
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Low:{{price.regularMarketDayLow.fmt}}
{{profile.longBusinessSummary}}


Amazon EMR InstanceFleetConfig EbsConfiguration
Use
the EbsConfiguration
property
to
specify
the Amazon EBS configuration of an Amazon EMR fleet instance. EbsConfiguration
is a
subproperty of the Amazon EMR InstanceFleetConfig InstanceTypeConfig
property.
Note
The instance fleet configuration is available only in Amazon EMR versions 4.8.0 and later, excluding 5.0.x versions.
Syntax
To declare this entity in your AWS CloudFormation template, use the following syntax:
JSON
{ "EbsBlockDeviceConfigs" : [ EbsBlockDeviceConfig, ...], "EbsOptimized" :
Boolean
}
YAML
EbsBlockDeviceConfigs: - EbsBlockDeviceConfig EbsOptimized:
Boolean
Properties
EbsBlockDeviceConfigs
-
A list of Amazon EBS volume specifications that are attached to an instance. Duplicates not allowed.
Required: No
Type: List of Amazon EMR InstanceFleetConfig EbsBlockDeviceConfig
Update requires: Replacement
EbsOptimized
-
Indicates whether an Amazon EBS volume is EBS-optimized.
Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: Replacement


A framework for media curation, semantic retrieval, and interactive display.
Request Information LoginTag and edit images while AI makes recommendations
Create playable multimedia scenes to showcase your media
Create interactive semantic graphs to navigate content
Editable JSON representation for power user customisation
Studio for International Media & Technology, The University of Salford, MediaCityUK Plot B4, Salford Quays, M50 2HE, UK


On 15th January 2010 Matthew Devereux and I (as Richard Onians) filmed an interview with the comedian Stewart Lee in the Leicester Square Theatre before one of his shows in the If You Prefer A Milder Comedian Pleask Ask For One tour.
Devereux & Onians Productions
http://devereuxandonians.blogspot.com/
presents
An interview with Stewart Lee 15th January 2010
"If you prefer a milder interview, please ask for one"
Leicester Square Theatre dressing room, London
http://www.leicestersquaretheatre.com/
This is the first interview in the Forebroadcast Project series: http://forebroadcast.blogspot.com/
PLEASE NOTE: We have subsequently learnt that the "Comedy Vehicle" programme has been re-commissioned by BBC Two
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00jfhqb
Many thanks to Charlene McManus at Debi Allen Associates.
http://www.debiallenassociates.com/


Rainfall warning remains in place for 5 counties as 'unsettled' weekend ahead
Met Éireann has warned that conditions will continue to be unsettled over the weekend.
by Hayley HalpinIT’S A WET start to the day as rainfall warnings remain in place for five counties in the south of the country.
A Status Orange rainfall warning is in place for Tipperary and Waterford until 6pm this evening.
Met Éireann has warned that there will be heavy rain in the area, which will cause spot flooding. Accumulations in excess of 50mm are possible in some parts of the counties.
A Status Yellow rainfall warning is also in place for Kilkenny, Wexford and Cork until 6pm.
Spells of rain are expected in the three counties, with spot flooding likely.
Looking at the general forecast, today is expected to be mostly cloudy with outbreaks of rain in many areas.
The best of any drier periods will be seen in northeast Ulster.
It will continue to be mostly cloudy with further outbreaks of rain tonight, which will be heaviest over the eastern half of the country.
Temperatures will range from between 3 and 6 degrees.
Again, tomorrow is expected to be cloudy with further outbreaks of rain in most areas.
Met Éireann has warned that conditions will continue to be unsettled over the weekend with some heavy rain at times.
Persistent rain is due to develop in the east tomorrow night, which will become widespread for a time, affecting the southern half of the country overnight.
Saturday is due to be cloudy with showery rain, heaviest in the eastern half of the country.
The rain will become drizzly, light and patchy on Saturday night, according to Met Éireann.
Sunday is expected to be mostly cloudy with dry periods and some patchy rain in the morning.
However, throughout the afternoon, persistent rain is due to spread in from the south and extend to all areas on Sunday night.


Keywords: schema
, axiom
, theorem
A compound judgment or "schema" takes a collection of judgments as input (the premises) and produces a judgment as output (the conclusion).
The keyword schema
introduces an axiom schema as does the block form of an axiom
declaration. The keyword theorem
introduces a theorem.
If the schema is valid, then we can provide any type-correct values for the premises and the conclusion will follow.
The default proof tactic never uses a schema automatically; to use a schema, it must be explicitly applied. This allows us to express and use facts that, if they occurred in verification conditions, would take us outside the decidable fragment.
Example:
axiom [congruence] {
type d
type r
function f(X:d) : r
--------------------------
property X = Y -> f(X) = f(Y)
}
The schema is contained in curly brackets. This differentiates it from a primitive judgment.
Within the curly brackets there is a list of premises, followed by a conclusion.
The dashes separating the premises from the conclusion are just a comment.
The conclusion is always the last judgment in the schema.
In this case, it says that, given types d
and r
and a function f
from d
to r
and any values X
,Y
of type d
, we can infer that X
=Y
implies f(X) = f(Y)
.
Also, notice the declaration of function f
contains a variable X
. The scope of this
variable is only the function declaration. It has no relation to the variable X
in the conclusion.
The keyword axiom
tells Ivy that this schema should be taken as valid without proof: it is an axiom schema rather than a theorem.


---
sort_order: 44
tei_id: rdx_b5h9g.p.idm201540976
annotation_count: 0
images:
small-thumbnail: https://readux.library.emory.edu/books/emory:b5h9g/pages/emory:pcjq0/mini-thumbnail/
json: https://readux.library.emory.edu/books/emory:b5h9g/pages/emory:pcjq0/info/
full: https://readux.library.emory.edu/books/emory:b5h9g/pages/emory:pcjq0/fs/
page: https://readux.library.emory.edu/books/emory:b5h9g/pages/emory:pcjq0/single-page/
thumbnail: https://readux.library.emory.edu/books/emory:b5h9g/pages/emory:pcjq0/thumbnail/
title: Page 44
number: 44
---
{% raw %}36{% endraw %}
{% raw %}JACOB HODGES.{% endraw %}
{% raw %}the public preaching on the Lord's day{% endraw %}
{% raw %}To all these, he gave the most strict atten{% endraw %}
{% raw %}tion. Considering his age and past habits{% endraw %}
{% raw %}of life, his improvement was really as¬{% endraw %}
{% raw %}tonishing. In nothing was his advance¬{% endraw %}
{% raw %}ment so great as in the knowledge of{% endraw %}
{% raw %}divine things. He was evidently taught{% endraw %}
{% raw %}of the Spirit, and daily grew in grace and{% endraw %}
{% raw %}every Christian virtue. His temper, which{% endraw %}
{% raw %}had been uniformly rough, and at times{% endraw %}
{% raw %}almost indomitable, became subdued and{% endraw %}
{% raw %}tender. At the remembrance of his sins,{% endraw %}
{% raw %}he would melt almost in a moment to{% endraw %}
{% raw %}penitence and tears; and, as he saw more{% endraw %}
{% raw %}and more of the Saviour, he was filled{% endraw %}
{% raw %}with gratitude and love. He was most{% endraw %}
{% raw %}obviously a new creature in Christ Jesus.{% endraw %}
{% raw %}The profane, drunken murderer, immured{% endraw %}
{% raw %}in his cell, was a broken-hearted penitent,{% endraw %}
{% raw %}a man of prayer. His prison now be¬{% endraw %}
{% raw %}came a Bethel indeed.{% endraw %}
{% raw %}It was here that I first met him: I shall{% endraw %}
{% raw %}never forget the day; it was the 4th of{% endraw %}
{% raw %}July, 1827. Having been engaged in re¬{% endraw %}
{% raw %}ligious services during the morning, in the{% endraw %}


Links
This section provides links to the various sections of this website
Records and History
In 1871, England and Scotland played the first rugby union international. After 12 years of occasional friendly matches between the teams, the inaugural Home International Championship, comprising England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales was played in 1883.England won the first series, along with a Triple Crown. Up until 1893, England and Scotland were the only champions, with Wales winning their first title that season. Ireland won their first title the following season.
In 1910 the French, who had played in four of the tournaments up to that point, officially joined the competition and coined the phrase "Five Nations". England won the first championship of the new era, with the Welsh achieving the first Grand Slam the following year. The competition was suspended during World War I (1914-18). In 1931, France were ejected from the tournament, which reverted to being the "Home Nations" from 1932 through to 1939. The competition was suspended again during World War II (1939-1945). With France back in the competition, the Five Nations resumed in 1947, with a shared victory for England and Wales. France won their first shared title in 1954, and their first outright title in 1959.
By the 1970s the Five Nations Championship had become the pre-eminent series in Northern hemisphere rugby union with matches becoming all-ticket affairs, gaining huge popularity and a large television audience. The 1972 tournament was not finished after Scotland and Wales refused to play in Dublin. The season after was unique for a five-way tie, with every nation having won and lost two games. The 1970s marked the golden age for Welsh rugby; winning three Grand Slams and one Triple Crown during the decade. Until 1993, there was no tangible reward for winning the Five Nations championship: there was neither flag nor cup or any other kind of trophy. However, for season 1992-93, there was presented, for competition, the Five Nations Championship Trophy.
France were the first winners of the new trophy, followed by Wales and then England. Scotland's first success came in season 1998-99; Ireland have yet to win it. Scotland was the last nation to win the Five Nations Trophy as such because Italy joined the competition in 2000 and the tournament became known as the "Six Nations Championship". England were the first nation to win the trophy under the new format, winning the 2000 competition. The importance of the competition has decreased slightly since the introduction of the Rugby World Cup, but the long-standing rivalries between teams mean that it remains a passionate and fiercely contested prize.


alert
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-[ background ]-
ePubCheck is a great command line utility that validates EPUB files to ensure proper structure and formatting. It provides a detailed log of issues, including improper html tags, indicating which row(s) of which file(s) in the EPUB contain the errors. It is an invaluable resource when creating EPUB files.
ePubCheck Helper is a simple batch file that allows the user to drag and drop an EPUB file (or a .zip file, as .epub files are renamed .zip files) to run ePubCheck, taking care of the command line details for you. The script outputs ePubCheck’s log to a .txt file in the directory with the original EPUB file.
-[ notes ]-
I know this isn’t the first utility of its kind (for instance, EPUB-CHECKER seems to be a good one and there is also the web-based EPUB validator), and it likely isn’t the best. I wanted to learn more about batch scripting and this seemed like a good way to do so. The results might be helpful for someone.
I am by no means an expert at batch scripting. I welcome comments on this script.
-[ requirements/limitations ]-
-[ instructions ]-
Installation:
- Make sure you are running java (1.6 or above). This is a requirement of ePubCheck.
- Install ePubCheck. The latest version (as of 2013-09-07) is 3.0.1, but this should work with other versions.
- Download the .zip file (epc-helper.zip).
- Extract the .bat file (epc-helper.bat) to the same folder where you have previously installed ePubCheck.
Running ePubCheck Helper:
- Create a shortcut to epc-helper.bat in the folder where your EPUB file(s) is (are) located.
- Drag and drop an EPUB file onto the shortcut you created in step 1. This runs ePubCheck.
- The script checks for a .epub extension.
- Dragging and dropping a file with a .zip extension also works.
- In this case, the script copies the .zip file to a new file with the same filename and an extension of .epub. (This can help save time, as it automates the required renaming step in EPUB creation.)
- Dragging and dropping files with any extension other than .epub or .zip terminates the script.
- When ePubCheck has finished, a pop-up window will tell you the status.
- Successful completion: the filename of the log file where the results are stored is displayed (“Successful” in this case refers to ePubCheck running successfully, not to successful validation of the .epub file itself)
- Unsuccessful completion: you attempted to run ePubCheck on a file with the wrong extension (not .epub or .zip)
- Unsuccessful completion: ePubCheck cannot be found in the same folder where epc-helper.bat is located. If you receive this message, make sure you followed the instructions above (under “installation”) and try again.
- Check the log file for errors. The log file’s name will be [EPUB name]-[date/time stamp].log.
- The date/time stamp is added so you can easily keep track of which validation attempt you are looking at.
- Date/time stamp format: YYYYMMDD-HH_MM_SS
- Example: epub-20130907-17_46_31.log
- Fix the errors in your EPUB (as noted in the log file) and try again (go to step 2) if necessary. If your EPUB file successfully validates, congratulations!
-[ to do ]-
- Make the time stamp work with systems having non-US formatted dates
-[ acknowledgment ]-
-[ license ]-
-[ changelog ]-
0.1.0-a (2015-01-19)
0.1.0 (2013-09-07)
-[ download ]-
[ batch file + documentation ] | [ all files ] | [ .zip (v.0.1.0) ]


W3Eth
@objc
public class W3Eth : NSObject
Undocumented
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
public var swift: Web3Eth { get }
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@objc public init(web3: W3Web3)
-
Send an W3EthereumTransaction object to the network. Transaction is either signed locally if there is a KeystoreManager object bound to the web3 instance, or sent unsigned to the node. For local signing the password is required.
options
object can override theto
,gasPrice
,gasLimit
andvalue
parameters is pre-formed transaction.from
field inoptions
is mandatory for both local and remote signing.This function is synchronous!
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func sendTransaction(_ transaction: W3EthereumTransaction, options: W3Options, password: String = "BANKEXFOUNDATION") throws -> W3TransactionSendingResult
-
Send raw Ethereum transaction data to the network.
This function is synchronous!
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func sendRawTransaction(data: Data) throws -> W3TransactionSendingResult
-
Send raw Ethereum transaction data to the network by first serializing the W3EthereumTransaction object.
This function is synchronous!
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func sendRawTransaction(_ transaction: W3EthereumTransaction) throws -> W3TransactionSendingResult
-
Returns a total number of transactions sent by the particular Ethereum address.
onBlock
field determines if value is returned based on the state of a blockchain on the latest mined block (latest
) or the expected state after all the transactions in memory pool are applied (pending
).This function is synchronous!
-
Returns a balance of particular Ethereum address in Wei units (1 ETH = 10^18 Wei).
onString
field determines if value is returned based on the state of a blockchain on the latest mined block (latest
) or the expected state after all the transactions in memory pool are applied (pending
).This function is synchronous!
-
Returns a block number of the last mined block that Ethereum node knows about.
This function is synchronous!
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func getBlockNumber() throws -> W3UInt
-
Returns a current gas price in the units of Wei. The node has internal algorithms for averaging over the last few blocks.
This function is synchronous!
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func getGasPrice() throws -> W3UInt
-
Returns transaction details for particular transaction hash. Details indicate position of the transaction in a particular block, as well as original transaction details such as value, gas limit, gas price, etc.
This function is synchronous!
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func getTransactionDetails(txHash: Data) throws -> W3TransactionDetails
-
Returns transaction details for particular transaction hash. Details indicate position of the transaction in a particular block, as well as original transaction details such as value, gas limit, gas price, etc.
This function is synchronous!
Returns the Result object that indicates either success of failure.
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func getTransactionDetails(txHashString: String) throws -> W3TransactionDetails
-
Returns transaction receipt for particular transaction hash. Receipt indicate what has happened when the transaction was included in block, so it contains logs and status, such as succesful or failed transaction.
This function is synchronous!
Returns the Result object that indicates either success of failure.
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func getTransactionReceipt(txHash: Data) throws -> W3TransactionReceipt
-
Returns transaction receipt for particular transaction hash. Receipt indicate what has happened when the transaction was included in block, so it contains logs and status, such as succesful or failed transaction.
This function is synchronous!
Returns the Result object that indicates either success of failure.
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func getTransactionReceipt(txHashString: String) throws -> W3TransactionReceipt
-
Estimates a minimal amount of gas required to run a transaction. To do it the Ethereum node tries to run it and counts how much gas it consumes for computations. Setting the transaction gas limit lower than the estimate will most likely result in a failing transaction.
onString
field determines if value is returned based on the state of a blockchain on the latest mined block (latest
) or the expected state after all the transactions in memory pool are applied (pending
).This function is synchronous!
Returns the Result object that indicates either success of failure. Error can also indicate that transaction is invalid in the current state, so formally it’s gas limit is infinite. An example of such transaction can be sending an amount of ETH that is larger than the current account balance.
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func estimateGas(_ transaction: W3EthereumTransaction, options: W3Options?, onBlock: String = "latest") throws -> W3UInt
-
Get a list of Ethereum accounts that a node knows about. If one has attached a Keystore Manager to the web3 object it returns accounts known to the keystore.
This function is synchronous!
Returns the Result object that indicates either success of failure.
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func getAccounts() throws -> [W3Address]
-
Get information about the particular block in Ethereum network. If
fullTransactions
parameter is set totrue
this call fill do a virtual join and fetch not just transaction hashes from this block, but full decoded W3EthereumTransaction objects.This function is synchronous!
Returns the Result object that indicates either success of failure.
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func getBlockByHashString(_ hash: String, fullTransactions: Bool = false) throws -> W3Block
-
Get information about the particular block in Ethereum network. If
fullTransactions
parameter is set totrue
this call fill do a virtual join and fetch not just transaction hashes from this block, but full decoded W3EthereumTransaction objects.This function is synchronous!
Returns the Result object that indicates either success of failure.
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func getBlockByHash(_ hash: Data, fullTransactions: Bool = false) throws -> W3Block
-
Get information about the particular block in Ethereum network. If
fullTransactions
parameter is set totrue
this call fill do a virtual join and fetch not just transaction hashes from this block, but full decoded W3EthereumTransaction objects.This function is synchronous!
Returns the Result object that indicates either success of failure.
-
Get information about the particular block in Ethereum network. If
fullTransactions
parameter is set totrue
this call fill do a virtual join and fetch not just transaction hashes from this block, but full decoded W3EthereumTransaction objects.This function is synchronous!
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func getBlock(byString: String, fullTransactions: Bool = false) throws -> W3Block
-
Convenience wrapper to send Ethereum to another address. Internally it creates a virtual contract and encodes all the options and data.
- to: W3Address to send funds to
- amount: W3UInt indicating the amount in wei
- extraData: Additional data to attach to the transaction
options: W3Options to override the default gas price, gas limit.
Value
field of the options is ignored and theamount
parameter is used insteadW3TransactionIntermediate object
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func sendETH(to: W3Address, amount: W3UInt, extraData: Data = Data(), options: W3Options? = nil) throws -> W3TransactionIntermediate
Return Value
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func getBlockNumberPromise(completion: @escaping (W3UInt?,Error?)->())
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func getGasPricePromise(completion: @escaping (W3UInt?,Error?)->())
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func getBlockByHashPromise(_ hash: Data, fullTransactions: Bool, completion: @escaping (W3Block?,Error?)->())
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func getTransactionDetailsPromise(_ txhash: Data, completion: @escaping (W3TransactionDetails?,Error?)->())
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func getTransactionReceiptPromise(_ txhash: Data, completion: @escaping (W3TransactionReceipt?,Error?)->())
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func getBlock(byString: String, fullTransactions: Bool, completion: @escaping (W3Block?,Error?)->())
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@objc public func getAccountsPromise(completion: @escaping ([W3Address]?,Error?)->())


|
Task scheduler library
1.3
Arduino library for simply executing tasks in parallel
|
This library implements a simple, preemptive task scheduler that is executed in parallel to the 1ms timer interrupt used for the Arduino millis() function. It allows to define cyclic tasks or tasks that should be executed in the future in parallel to the normal program execution inside the main loop.
The task scheduler is executed every 1ms. A possibly running task is interrupted by this and only resumed after all succeeding tasks have finished. This means that always the task started last has the highest priority. This effect needs to be kept in mind when programming a software using this library.
Notes:
Warning: The Arduino Due does not support reeantrant interrupts due to HW limitations. This means that unlike the Arduino MEGA the DUE is not able to execute fast 1ms tasks several times before finishing a slower tasks with for example a 10ms timebase. This problem will be especially visible if the sum of the execution time of all tasks is greater than the execution period of the fastest task.
Supported Boards:
Consumed interrupt:
CPU runtime:
Have fun!
1.0 (2019-10-12):


ruoyi is a fully responsive, flat theme developed based on the latest version of Bootstrap 3.3.6. She uses the mainstream left and right two-column layout and uses modern technologies such as Html5+CSS3. She provides a lot of powerful Recombined UI components and integrated the latest jQuery version (v2.1.1). Of course, it also integrates many powerful and versatile jQuery plugins, which can be used in all web applications, such as website Management background, Website Member Center, CMS, CRM, OA etc. Of course, you She can also be deeply customized to make a stronger system.
Current version: v4.5.1
Free open source
Summernote is a simple WYSIWYG rich text editor based on Bootstrap
H+ is a fully responsive, flat theme developed based on the latest version of Bootstrap 3.3.6. It uses the mainstream left and right two-column layout and uses modern technologies such as Html5+CSS3. It provides many powerful options. Recombined UI components and integrated the latest jQuery version (v2.1.1). Of course, it also integrates many powerful and versatile jQuery plugins, which can be used in all web applications, such as website Management background, Website Member Center, CMS, CRM, OA etc. Of course, you She can also be deeply customized to make a stronger system.
Current version: v4.5.1
Open source and free


Amazon's Fire TV Blaster Helps Alexa Control Even More Home Devices
Amazon's latest hardware product is the Fire TV Blaster. Priced at $34.99, the Amazon Fire TV Blaster improves IR control for an existing setup.
Unlike other Amazon Fire TV devices, the Amazon IR blaster requires another Fire TV device.
Once added to a setup, the Fire TV Blaster expands Alexa's ability to control more devices.
Advertisement
Alexa, be my IR blaster
Amazon's new Fire TV Blaster connects to an existing Fire TV device and improves Alexa's ability to control other devices.
For example, the Fire TV Blaster can be used to control a soundbar, cable or satellite box, or the TV itself. Basically, anything with infrared remote control support.
Some of the actions the Fire TV Blaster assists with is controlling the volume on devices, changing channels, or switching HDMI inputs.
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If you already own a Fire TV Cube, then this isn't the device for you. The Fire TV Cube comes with IR blaster functionality included, negating the need for this additional companion device.
The Fire TV Blaster simply allows owners of existing Amazon hardware the option to get the same benefits offered by the Fire TV Cube without having to upgrade to the $119 Cube.
Compatible Fire TV devices include Fire TV (3rd Gen), Fire TV Stick 4K, and the Fire TV Stick with Alexa Voice Remote.
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The Fire TV Blaster costs $34.99 per month and is not due to go on general sale until December 11. In the meantime, it is now available to pre-order from Amazon.
How to use Amazon's all-new Fire TV Blaster
The biggest hurdle with the new Amazon IR blaster is that you already need to be invested in Amazon's ecosystem. For example, not only do you need to own a Fire TV device, but also an Alexa-enabled smart speaker, such as an Echo speaker. Alternatively, an Alexa-enabled smart display.
The reason for this is the Fire TV Blaster does not come with a built-in speaker or microphone. For example, the Fire TV device is needed to actually control the additional devices connected to a TV. Likewise, the Echo speaker or display is what will provide the verbal feedback from Alexa. The Fire TV Blaster simply acts as a go-between for the two.
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With all devices correct and present, the user needs to download the Fire TV app on a smartphone and then use the app to link the Fire TV Blaster to the Fire TV and Echo devices.
Following which, voice commands can then be given to control additional IR devices.
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Hi, I'm ALEXANDER (alekzandrov) a freelance web developer in Nigeria.
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Ross, Francis Roy
| Birth Name | Ross, Francis Roy |
| Gender | male |
| Age at Death | 86 years, 5 months, 9 days |
Narrative
WW1 Nominal Roll - #3404 - Driver - enlisted 26/7/1915, RTA 22/8/1919.
SMH - Francis Roy - 29 June, 1980, at hospital, Nowra, late of 33 Basinview Parade, Basinview (1st A.I.F., 2nd Battalion), beloved husband of Ann & dearly loved father of Enid (Mrs.Cambour), Lois (Mrs. Newman) & loved grandfather of Robyn & Robert, Dianne, Peter (dec) & Michael. Aged 86yrs.
ROSS - The rels & friends of the family of the late FRANCIS ROY ROSS, of Basinview, are invited to his funeral, in the Chapel of Wollongong Crematorium, to-morrow Tuesday, service at 12.45pm.
Abby said he was a Publisher. Abby has given me a copy of a Photo of four boys, in Army uniform, taken in July 1916, but according to my records, Frank was the only brother that was in the 1st W.W.
Events
| Event | Date | Place | Description | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth | 1894-01-20 | Waverley NSW #36373 | ||
|
|
||||
| Death | 1980-06-29 | Nowra NSW | ||
|
|
||||
| Burial | 1980-06-30 | Wollongomg Crematorium NSW | ||
|
|
Parents
| Relation to main person | Name | Birth date | Death date | Relation within this family (if not by birth) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Father | Ross, Harry Lincoln | about 1866 | 1942-06-13 | |
| Mother | Thornton, Katie Matilda | 1873 | 1946-07-11 | |
| Ross, Francis Roy | 1894-01-20 | 1980-06-29 | ||
| Brother | Ross, Clifton Acres | 1895-07-14 | 1965 | |
| Sister | Ross, Winifred Arline | 1898 | 1970-04-02 | |
| Brother | Ross, Eric Lincoln | 1901 | 1990-05-12 |
Families
Family of Ross, Francis Roy and Dubos, Annie Eva |
||||||||||||||||
| Married | Wife | Dubos, Annie Eva ( * 1895-08-03 + 1986-12-22 ) | ||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
| Children |
| Name | Birth Date | Death Date |
|---|---|---|
| Ross, [Living] | ||
| Ross, Lois Rose | 1938-09-20 | 1985-10-13 |
| Type | Value | Notes | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| _UID | EA51BBD72035A442B9B48175991AB2B484D2 |
Attributes
| Type | Value | Notes | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| _UID | 9053F4A9C641D6119853E6047BE9D06FE605 |