I gave this talk a few years ago at Distributed Matters, Berlin in 2015. It was an honor to have Kyle Kingsbury (Aphyr) of Jepsen in the audience, as well as Salvatore Sanfilippo (Antirez) of Redis.
Hi, I’m Mark Nadal, founder and architect of GUN, a VC funded Open Source database.
Which is why we are here. My talk is going to explore the dark side of distributed systems, primarily Master-Slave architecture which is the majority of the market. I’ll explain it from ground up, starting with the basics so even newcomers can get up to speed. Then I will be proposing a new distributed design based on Master-Master architecture, a decentralized peer-to-peer setup and going over advanced technical details.
Distributed systems are fundamentally a physics problem, not a computer science one.
One chef, all the work
Distribute the demand across two chefs and you make double the amount of money in half the time.
However, this is not quite yet a distributed system, these two chefs could be competing restaurants such that they are entirely independent actors. What we need is some form of cooperative communication in order for this to be usefully considered a distributed system.
And what is the ultimate purpose of coordination? Well, to survive failure. To be fault tolerant. But coordinating with a dead guy is kind of hard.
So brilliant idea! If we just designate somebody to be the task-master, then they can do all the coordination!
But there is a problem. Coordination is now centralized in the master, what if it fails?
oops.
If any one of the chefs can become the master, then all we need is an odd number of chefs to vote for each other. And we are guaranteed a leader.
But wait. In order to know what the other chefs voted, you have to communicate with them. But if they are dead, you can’t coordinate with them. This problem becomes compounded, because you do not know if they are dead, or if they are just not responding. Because you know, they are actually working making food for customers.
It does turn out that this system works great for specific cases, take 4 chefs for example. Any 1 failure will allow the other 3 to make a majorative vote for a master.
For each
possible
combination.
But what if more than 1 chef fails at a time?
Then we need more chefs. But this causes a permutation edge case which is dangerous. Take this notable example:
There are 3 on each side of the divide, and without knowing if the other side is dead or disconnected you only have two options. A) Sit, wait, and do nothing until you find out if they are dead - which well, you know, might take FOREVER.
Or option B), go ahead and vote to select the next leader. But there is the possibility that you might end up with 2 masters. Ut-oh. This is called a type of....
Split brain.
Oooouch.
This is a great time to bring up the CAP Theorem. You can only choose 2 of the 3 properties, do not let anybody lie to you otherwise. Consistency here generally means “Strong Consistency”, if you want Strong Consistency then...
you absolutely cannot trust the leader election. You cannot choose Option (B), you must choose Option (A) which is to sit and do nothing, locking yourself. Guess what this means. You cannot serve your customers, you are sacrificing High Availability for the sake of Strong Consistency.

Can we do better?
Not unless you want a massive headache. For me the complexity here lies more in the DevOps work to set this up in the first place than in the algorithm itself - despite that countless implementations of the algorithm have been flawed. Managing this is a nightmare.
All of this is done in the name of Strong or Global Consistency. Part of the controversy today is wanting to challenge whether we should value that at all. For anyone who is wondering why that would be controversial, you would be surprised at how many people get upset over this - so I am calling it out up front.
Now, if we sacrifice Strong Consistency - guess what? Master-Slave architecture is no longer needed. This simplifies things tremendously yet actually turns out to be fairly controversial as well, I have had executives at competing, well known, open source, VC backed startups send me emails of strong disagreement.
But challenging these two tenets is the essence of gun. We are now going to look at the AP side of the CAP Theorem, highly available and partition resilient. Having no central master to coordinate, thus conflict resolution with guns...
in outer space! Why outer space?
Because it is the same thing as getting disconnected on the subway underground. We probably wind up being offline for about 4 to 20 minutes, and guess what? That is how long it takes for light to travel between Earth and Mars. This interplanetary analogy will be helpful for visualizing just how slow and unpredictable the network can be. So we want our apps to work Offline First (so without further ado, here is a
demo of gun surviving these failures). So how does that work? Well, first things first...
Distributed systems are a physics problem, not a computer science one. And the fundamental scientific law is that we cannot send information faster than light.
Thanks Einstein. But you might want to then ask yourself… what is light?
This represents an atom, where the rings correspond to the orbital levels of an electron. Say the electron is at orbital level 5.
When it jumps to orbital level 2 it does not move through space, it teleports.
That teleportation produces a photon. A photon is light. Light is the quantifiable difference in orbital levels.
and that is quantum physics for you. All of quantum mechanics is interested in the difference between electron orbital levels. A field that Einstein hated, yet kinda accidentally birthed. So what does this have to do with us? Well first off...
It means the universe itself is not a strongly consistent system. So why on earth are we trying to violate this? No wonder Kyle Kingsbury’s Keynote showed how many databases fail to live up to this claim, because it is extraordinarily complex and slow to achieve. So let’s go over how a bad network might cause data to become inconsistent.
Remember that a distributed system requires communication. Why are we communicating? Because we are distributing work across space to parallelize it. But communication takes time through space because it is bound by the speed of light. So lets illustrate a basic problem.
We want to synchronize some data. Such that both Earth and Mars see the same thing. We have a “Hello” property that both worlds share and are updating. Earth updates it to “Hello Mars” simultaneously as Mars updates it to “Hello Earth”. What we get is...
divergence because it took 20 minutes for the update to be sent, and by the time you receive it it overwrites your previous value which is the one you had sent. Now we are out of sync. So how do we get around this? There are some bad options, like...
Like timestamps. Timestamps are bad because anybody can modify their clock so that they are 2 years ahead, which means they will win for the next two years straight. They are easily vulnerable.
The other option is Vector Clocks, but they are vulnerable to resets and collisions.
A quick explanation of how they work is that you always increment past the maximum known vector. So if Alice locally updates her vector with 1 and then 2, but receives an update from Bob at 5, she does not then go from 2 to 3, or 2 to 5, but jumps past 5 to 6. This solves for the timestamp problem, but comes at a cost...
They’re
not
very friendly.
They were invented over 30 years ago when machines were permanent, and they assume a fixed number of peers known in advance. Which isn’t suitable for the elastic ephemeral environments we have today in the cloud where we spawn a 100 machines to handle load and then shut them all down. Clocks get reset and have to catch up, and during this time nothing stops vectors from colliding. So much for conflict resolution.
Well this is dismal. It would be nice to have something with the intuition of timestamps, the simplicity of vectors, and the vulnerabilities of neither. Can we do this? I think yes, but it requires reframing how we look at the problem.
The machine should have a frame of reference, bounded by an open-closed interval. Nothing fancy here, that is like saying from 3 to 5, including 5.
This is the operating state of the machine, everything within this boundary is defined as being valid.
Below the Operating State is the Historical State.
And above the boundary is the Deferred State.
So then the question remains, what happens around and at the boundaries?
Let’s go through this with an example starting at 4 to 8. The algorithm is agnostic to what type of value you use for state, they can be vectors, alphanumeric, timestamps, as long as you are consistent and they have a linear ordering. We’ll use integers here, since they are easy to follow.
What happens if we receive an update at State 9 of “Hello Mars” which is above the boundary of our operating state?
Well, we will process it later when this machine arrives at that state. This is important because it handles the future timestamp dilemma, there are only two possible cases:
A) the peer that sent this update is lying about their timestamp being 2 years in the future so they can “win”, but the clever thing about this approach is that the joke is on them, they will have to wait 2 years to find out whether they were successful or not. This means there is NO advantage to lying, in fact we can prove this in math speak, the only thing we could do is try to be infinitely close to the upper boundary - but the limit on that is 0, which means there is zero advantage. Okay, the other option is...
B) is that the peer is being honest and not malicious, say because it is a GPS satellite which has real drift on its clock - in which case, we still defer processing the request to that later time. Why? Because it is legitimately from the future due to time dilation of Earth’s gravity on us in Einstein’s general theory of relativity. Google spends tens of thousands of dollars maintaining atomic clocks in their datacenters to get around problems like this. Pretty crazy cool stuff, again these are more physics problems than they are anything else.
Alright, next edge case. This one is not nearly as interesting. If we receive an update below our lower boundary.
Well, we record it into an immutable, append-only, data structure so we can always go back to it if need be, like a time-series database. But it does not update our current live view of the data.
And now for the boring case, an update within the boundaries. Most systems just assume an update is valid because they received it within some timeframe, but that is what usually causes a system to go out of sync because it diverges over an invalid boundary. This algorithm instead explicitly checks for that.
And well, if it is within the operating state, we operate on it! This message is considered successfully processed.
And it then becomes the new lower boundary, for this universally unique record. So every record has a different lower boundary, which is changed on every valid atomic update. But the upper boundary remains relative to the machine as a whole - which arbitrarily goes through state changes.
Such that the upper boundary of the state machine goes from 8 to 9. This could be due to a user interaction, like pressing “play” on a video, or it could just be the local clock of the machine, it doesn’t really matter as long as it is consistent. In GUN’s specific implementation of the algorithm, I use timestamps but I’m still calculating conflicts relative to this algorithm so you avoid the vulnerabilities.
Anywho, once we are at state 9, we have to check if there was any deferred updates that correspond to this state. And sure enough, there is and now we can successfully process this message because it is within the valid bounds of the operating state.
In turn, the new lower boundary becomes the upper boundary - closing this system off until the upper boundary changes again.
So let’s zoom in on that and expand the upper boundary so we can deal with the last edge case.
The only remaining edge case, before we go over the weaknesses of this algorithm, is what happens if there is an update that conflicts with the lower boundary itself?
Oh no! Now what? Well, there is a possibility that if the states are exactly the same...
That the values might also be exactly the same. In which case your data is going to converge correctly anyways, it is only the sources that are different.
But in our specific example, we have conflicting values of Earth versus Mars, in which case all we want is a deterministic algorithm that every machine in the entire universe is guaranteed to already have in order for us to converge to the same answer without any extra coordination or communication. I want something...
Naive. Lexical sort achieves that perfectly, purely deterministic and available everywhere.
And as a result the “Hello Earth” update gets bumped to be immediately below the “Hello Mars” update. We do not lose the update, it just gets pushed below the lower open boundary.
And now we are synchronized!
Yay! Well… eventually.
What could possibly go wrong?
Lots of things! The entire algorithm literally only fits on one slide, all it provides is basic synchronization which should cover the vast majority of uses. However, it is no silver bullet.
You obviously get NO STRONG CONSISTENCY. Which means no linearizability and no serializability on concurrent operations because different machines might be at different Operating States.
Running Network Time Protocol will help sync up your machines, but it absolutely does not give you any formal guarantees. Without doing this, GUN’s dirty little secret of latency compensation, might give you a heart attack because sometimes it accidentally simulates latency when there is none. So if you are building a low-latency app, like a game, you’ll want to use NTP or something similar.
But what if you want causality? Where A precedes B which precedes C? You still don’t need Strong Consistency for that, GIT version control manages to do this in a decentralized eventually consistent way by using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). Rather than relying upon some protocol to preserve ordering for you, it is much much safer to explicitly declare it in the data.
But causality can come with side effects, like mathematics? Well then you will need to use some sort of commutative safe operation, like a Convergent Replicated Data Type (CRDT) that does unique counts on your data using identifiers to handle math operations rather than computing on static values, which is how most math is normally done.
And we all know where that leads, to banking! So there is this one big gaping hole, the Double Spending problem. However, a fun fact is that a surprising number of ATMs do not abide by Strong Consistency on this matter despite it being an admittedly appropriate approach for that type of problem. ATMs are vulnerable to double withdrawel. Why? Because banks still ultimately decide that immediate customer satisfaction, aka High Availability, is more important - and I agree, especially if you can track the perpetrator, which if they are withdrawing from their own bank account, you know who they are. But that still might not be good enough for you.
Then what? Well, then you can do as Bitcoin does, create a blockchain ledger. Yes this ultimately requires a network, and there are exploits - like becoming the majority of the worker nodes. But it is still a more elegant solution to problems that people otherwise ascribe to a Master-Slave architecture to fix.
Moral of the story is that the conflict resolution algorithm alone will not solve all your problems, however from it you can add the algorithm you need for your business on top of it. And that is why you are probably here.
Your business has likely reached its limit.
 But making decisions on these things is tough, and that is why I am here to warn you...
… stay away from Master-Slave architecture or else you will face similar limits again.
Find a system that has reasonable defaults that you can comprehend.
And then choose your business requirements, don’t trust the hand waving of Strong Consistency, albeit popular.
But most importantly.
Remember
that
Let’s include people and solve problems together, without conflict.
Thank you.
gun.eco


Home
Mount Maunganui
- I love going up the mount as it is such an iconic landmark in NZ. I also love it because it is good for fitness.
- The Mount has three summit tracks, of varying difficulty and fitness level. It also has a base track.
- It is 232m high, and takes about 40 minutes at walking pace to get to the summit. The base track is 3.4 km and takes about 45 minutes to walk.
- Fun Fact: There are no rubbish bins on Mount Maunganui.
- The Maori name for Mount Maunganui is Mauao.
The Legend of Mauao:
- There was once a hill with no name who lived on the edge of the Hautere forest. This nameless was a pononga (slave) to the great chiefly mountain, Otanewainuku. To the southwest was the shapely form of Puwhenua, a beautiful hill, clothed in all the fine greens of the ferns and shrubs and trees of the forest of Tane.
The nameless one was desperately in love with Puwhenua. However, her heart already belonged to Otanewainuku. There seemed like no hope for the lowly slave. In despair the nameless one decided to end it all by drowning himself in the Pacific Ocean, Te Moananui a Kiwa. Calling on the patupaiarehe, the people with magical powers who dwelled in the forests of Hautere, pononga asked them to plait the ropes with their magic and then haul him down towards the ocean. Chanting their song they began to haul the nameless one slowly towards the water, gouging out the valley where the river Waimapu now flows. They followed the channel past Hairini, past Maungatapu and Matapihi and finally past Te Papa to the water's edge.
By this time it was very close to day break. The sun rose fixing the nameless one to that place. Being people of the night, the patupaiarehe fled back to the shady depths of the Hautere forests, before the light of the sun descended upon them.
The patupaiarehe gave the name Mauao to this mountain which marks the entrance of Tauranga Moana. This means caught by the morning sun. In time, he has assumed greater mana than his rival Otanewainuku. Today he is known by many as Mount Maunganui, however to the Maori people he is still known as Mauao.
Mount Beach Website


Dear CUSTOMER NAME(S),
Thank you for choosing to use our sequencing service. I am the Project Coordinator at Edinburgh Genomics Clinical and I will liaise with you from sample submission up until the release of your data. I will reference this project using {{ project }} in the subject line of all future email correspondence.
Please find attached the following two documents:
Thank you for choosing to use our sequencing service again. Please find attached the following two documents:
Please find attached the following two documents for your new batch of samples:
Please find attached the following two documents for the replacement samples:
1) Sample Manifest ‐ please complete all of the fields in the green columns that are relevant to your samples and return the file to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>We can only begin processing when both the manifest and samples have been received at Edinburgh Genomics.
2) Sample Submission Requirements ‐ this document provides guidance on preparing and shipping your samples to Edinburgh Genomics Clinical.
Please note that we will require the sample(s) to have a concentration of >=50ng/ul at a volume of >= 50 ul. The sample(s) should only be shipped to us in the barcoded container(s) that we will provide. Plates must be sent frozen on dry-ice but tubes may be sent at ambient temperature.
An order has been placed for the shipment of the sample collection containers to you and these are estimated to arrive on WEEK-DAY DD-MM-YYYY/The container(s) will be placed in your Roslin mailbox by TIME DAY. If you have any questions about samples submission then please don't hesitate to contact me.
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--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/cases.html ---
I know this is fuzzy as hell, but I've run into the problem that when writing an automated tactic, cases
fails for a goal in which it succeeds when I run cases
manually. It fails with cases tactic failed, it is not applicable to the given hypothesis
.
and what is the hypothesis?
Keep in mind that tactic.cases
and tactic.interactive.cases
are not the same. Does calling the other one result in the same thing?
I'll try
Oh, so tactic.cases
lacks the generalizing part?
I guess so
The distinction between tactic
and tactic.interactive
is I think never mentioned in Programming In Lean, and caused me some grief when I discovered it the hard way (attempting to write basic tactics which ran tactics which were already there).
(but in a different namespace :-) )
So does begin ... end
open tactic.interactive
?
Not exactly. More accurate is that if the first token in an interactive script line is token
, then that is interpreted as a call to the tactic tactic.interactive.token
there is no elaborate namespace resolution like normal
Hmm okay... looking at the definition of tactic.interactive.cases
it doesn't look like this is the problem here...
So the goal looks like this:
cases tactic failed, it is not applicable to the given hypothesis state: 5 goals DC.M.A' : Type, DC.M.lt' : DC.M.A' → DC.M.A' → Type, DC.M.iota_A : A → DC.M.A', DC.M.mid : Π (DC.M.x DC.M.y : DC.M.A'), DC.M.lt' DC.M.x DC.M.y → DC.M.A', DC.M.iota_lt : Π (a b : A), lt a b → DC.M.lt' (DC.M.iota_A a) (DC.M.iota_A b), DC.M.mid_l : Π (DC.M.x DC.M.y : DC.M.A') (DC.M.p : DC.M.lt' DC.M.x DC.M.y), DC.M.lt' DC.M.x (DC.M.mid DC.M.x DC.M.y DC.M.p), DC.M.mid_r : Π (DC.M.x DC.M.y : DC.M.A') (DC.M.p : DC.M.lt' DC.M.x DC.M.y), DC.M.lt' (DC.M.mid DC.M.x DC.M.y DC.M.p) DC.M.y, b : DC.SI, x : A, a a' : DC.Rarg DC.SI.A', ar : DC.rel DC.SI.A' (DC.S'.iota_A x) a, ar' : DC.rel DC.SI.A' (DC.S'.iota_A x) a' ⊢ a = a'
And the failing tactic is
b ← i_to_expr ```(ar'), cases_core b [],
your local variables have namespaces?
They're just composite names, because.... because I didn't know what else to do with them. Actually I'd want to put all of that DC.M
into parameters of some section...
seems like you want a structure to hold all that
Structures aren't exposed to the meta languages, so I thought I'd spare me the work.
in any case I don't recommend variable names with dots in them
not sure if it's causing the problem, but it might be related
If you want, you can have a look at the mess that is my attempt to implement inductive-inductive types at https://bitbucket.org/javra/indind/src/master/
Okay, thanks for the advice
Structures aren't exposed to the meta languages, so I thought I'd spare me the work.
What do you mean by this?
Since I want to create all that stuff automatically, I need to rely on what's available to the meta language which afaik is just add_inductive
. I'd have to define all the projections of the structure myself, no?
Any more clues? :(
It's not quite clear to me what you are trying to do, exactly. If you are doing an automatic theorem, presumably all the assumptions are generated from the inputs somehow? What is induction-induction and how does it map to your representation?
@Jakob von Raumer It's so hacky I haven't even thought about it until now, but since you're inside a user-defined command, I guess you could define structures by assembling them as strings and passing them to the parser, like Gabriel did in hott3 https://github.com/gebner/hott3/blob/ec79a762a478f775ca03de45361e215a5ad4c129/src/hott/init/meta/support.lean#L97-L98
This is quite fragile of course since the pretty printer doesn't always roundtrip, even with pp.all
@Mario Carneiro I can tell you all of that but it's pretty irrelevant to my problem :D In short the thing I'm trying to write gets some expressions as input and adds some stuff to the environment. So yes, the type of the theorem I'm proving is generated with some steps from these inputs. DC.SI
, DC.Rarg
and DC.rel
are all inductive types that I add via add_inductive
before I get to prove the theorem with the goal which I stated above. (Said theorem I'm adding via add_theorem_by
, so I assemble the type directly but prove the theorem itself by a tactic which I'm just about to write.
The question is just why I'm getting this error message instead of cases
being sucessful in destructing ar'
.
@Sebastian Ullrich Oh wow, that's evil. Thanks for the pointer. But I guess I'd rather stay away from that :D
Ohhh could it be that cases just doesn't deal with inductive types that have been added using add_inductive
when they lack rec_names
, for example?
That would be a shame :disappointed:
I got a MNWE here:
meta def add_stuff : tactic unit := do tactic.add_inductive `foo [] 0 `(Type) $ [(`bar, expr.const `foo [])] example : unit := begin add_stuff, have x : foo, exact bar, cases x, end
Does is_ginductive
fail for the inductive types added by add_inductive
? guess
yes
So there's just no way to use cases
then? :(
You can use induction
:)
induction
doesn't do the generalizing itself, right?
@Jakob von Raumer This one? https://github.com/leanprover/lean/blob/e181232c8ffd2bc2ba1b2f9799f8ac0ea0e4e505/library/init/meta/interactive.lean#L518
Ah, I only tried tactic.induction
before... The problem is not generalizing the expression itself but errors like induction tactic failed, argument #8 of major premise type
DC.rel DC.M.A' DC.M.lt' DC.M.iota_A DC.M.mid DC.M.iota_lt DC.M.mid_l DC.M.mid_r DC.SI.A' (DC.S'.iota_A x) a
is not a variable
...
Isn't it a bit strange that the parsing bits of the interactive versions of these tactics are combined with adding more features?
It seems pretty bad that I have to fiddle around with the parser monad :(
In that sense cases
is stronger than tactic.interactive.inductive
...
Hm, I thought we generalized major premise in induction
as well
At least not in the version I'm on right now (3.3)
The best solution for this mismatch would be to somehow expose add_ginductive
to the meta language, I guess
Well, why would you use such an ancient version :P
Well, in 3.4.1 it doesn't look any different ;)
I think it's about generalizing the _argument_ to the major premise, no?
What's your best guess for the amount of work it would be to add an interface add_ginductive
?
I think it's about generalizing the _argument_ to the major premise, no?
There is https://github.com/leanprover/lean/blob/master/library/init/meta/interactive.lean#L545
What's your best guess for the amount of work it would be to add an interface
add_ginductive
?
Well, first you have to fork Lean... but the implementation itself shouldn't be hard
There is https://github.com/leanprover/lean/blob/master/library/init/meta/interactive.lean#L545
I saw that, yes, but that's still not as general as cases
, otherwise the message argument #8 of major premise type [...] is not a variable
wouldn't make sense. I'll try to come up with a small example...
The generalization has some issues anyway, see for example the error that
inductive foo : bool → Type | mk : foo ff inductive bar : Π b, foo b → Type | mk : bar ff foo.mk example (y: foo ff) (x : bar ff y) : unit := begin induction x, end
gives...
Small example where cases works:
inductive foo : bool → Type | mk : foo ff inductive bar : Π b, foo b → Type example (x : bar ff foo.mk): unit := begin induction x, end
Recreating all the revert
s and generalize
s is really difficult :-/
Does anybody have a good explanation of what's the difference between cases
and induction
there?
--bar.cases_on : Π (C : Π (b : bool) (a : foo b), bar b a → Sort l) {b : bool} {a : foo b} (n : bar b a), C b a n --bar.rec_on : Π (C : Π (b : bool) (a : foo b), bar b a → Sort l) {b : bool} {a : foo b} (n : bar b a), C b a n
o_O
But in Jacob's code, cases
works and induction
produces the error
generalize tactic failed, result is not type correct nested exception message: check failed, application type mismatch (use 'set_option trace.check true' for additional details) state: ⊢ bar ff foo.mk → unit
With set_option trace.check true
we see
[check] application type mismatch at bar _x foo.mk argument type foo ff expected type foo _x
(this is with the 20/4 nightly)
cases
does something to generalize the arguments in the correct way that induction
doesn't, it's not really about the recursor it uses
Do you think this will change in Lean 4?
Lean 4 will probably not have any ginductive
s
Care to elaborate?
With nested and mutual inductives moving into the kernel, there shouldn't be any need for an abstraction layer. Well, it's still not clear how nested inductives would be represented.
Why are they moved into the kernel if they can be reduced outside the kernel?
They can't :) . The reduction rules are too weak, that is. Also, it's the most horrible part of the code base.
So I'll wait for Lean 4 or try to emulate what cases does for generalizing
Apparently the part I'm missing is mostly some magical no_confusion
applications
Is it still Daniel who maintains the ginductive compiler?
I think it's just Leo, who says he doesn't even understand the code any more
That's bad news :(
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


War of the Worlds hits our screen tonight after filming in Bristol
The adaptation is the latest big production which used Bristol as its backdrop
by Emma Grimshaw, Alexander BrockAlien epic The War of the Worlds is hitting our screens this evening - and eagled-eyed viewers should be able to recognise a number of Bristol locations in the drama.
Originally a novel written in 1897 by HG Wells, the three-part BBC series tells of plucky humans fighting a superior race.

Back in February, film crews were spotted on a number of streets in the Eastville area of the city shooting the drama.
View gallery
Residents living on roads where filming took place were asked to move their cars to the nearby Tesco in exchange for a gift card to help the film's design team achieve a "post-apocalyptic" feel.
Emergency services were also roped into to help production teams has they filmed under the city's M32 motoway.
Golden Globe winner Gabriel Byrne and actress Elizabeth McGovern, who previously starred in Downton Abbey , will lead the cast.
Speaking at the time, Natalie Moore of Bristol Film Office said: “It’s been an exceptionally strong start to 2019 for filming in Bristol.
“War of the Worlds is the third major title to begin filming in the city this year, after The Trial of Christine Keeler for BBC and Sanditon for ITV.”
Other TV dramas that have filmed in Bristol this year at The Bottle Yard Studios include The Trial of Christine Keeler, Sanditon, The Crystal Maze and Tipping Point.
*The War of the Worlds airs tonight (Sunday, November 17) on BBC One at 9pm.
For the latest news in and around Bristol, check back on Bristol Live's homepage


January 2016: The Ebola outbreak in the neighbouring countries has now been controlled and the situation reduced to surveillance and monitoring. However Sierra Leone has still not been given the all-clear by the WHO and Ebola cases continue here.
August 2014: An epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD) is ongoing in West Africa. It is the most severe outbreak of Ebola yet in terms of the number of human cases and fatalities since the discovery of the virus in 1976. The outbreak began in Guinea in December 2013 but was not detected until March 2014, after which it spread to Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria. Find out more at Ebola World Health Organization Fact Sheet.


Tags: music and stuff
Marina Herlop - Pripyat
Mystical, abstract vocal music / ambient.
Release date: 2022-05-20
[8.6/10]
.glia - Ouanem
Bubbly beats… I don’t know what it is, it’s like Meitei meets Dilla meets Aphex Twin??
Release date: 2022-06-03
[8.6/10]
Maria BC - Hyaline
Beautiful slowcore. Really dig this.
Release date: 2022-05-27
[8.5/10]
KMRU, Aho Ssan - Limen
Another stellar release from KMRU. This one reminds me of Ben Frost’s music more than his usual ambient output. Real heavy.
Release date: 2022-04-29
[8.3/10]
Various Artists - Sounds from the Iranian Ultraverse
Techno compilation from artists with Iranian heritage. All of those are bangers, good stuff.
Release date: 2022-03-25
[8.3/10]
Shelley Parker - Wisteria
Wonky drum & bass / ambient. Always love me some real good, headbangin’ DnB.
Release date: 2022-03-25
[8.2/10]
Harvey Sutherland - Boy
Upbeat disco / funk. Dig this stuff a lot, thoroughly enjoyable.
Release date: 2022-04-29
[8.2/10]
Arpanet - Quantum Tansposition
Minimal techno that focuses on quantum physics. This is one of the more left field stuff out there, like it.
Release date: 2005-08-15
[8.1/10]
Hudson Mohawke - Cry Sugar
A hyper-pop album that’s fun to listen to.
Release date: 2022-08-12
[8.1/10]
Mat Ball - Amplified Guitar
solo electric guitar music from guitarist in Big Brave. Minimalistic in composition, rich in timbre and tonality changes. FFO Richard Dawson’s guitar work on Nothing Important
.
Release date: 2022-07-01
[8.1/10]
LEYA - Eyeline
Lots of big names on this mixtape… I really enjoy this one, it’s just as dream-like as their full length album from 2 years ago.
Release date: 2020-03-04
[8.1/10]
Modern Collapse - Anti-club Music Club
Glitchy club-music-inspired techno. I like the heavier, more intense tracks.
Release date: 2021-01-29
[7.8/10]
Janel Leppin - Sister Mirror
Modern classical featuring eerie cello and melodic pedal steel. I like how this album is abundant with both unsettling moments and enticing melodies.
Release date: 2020-05-29
[7.7/10]
Cheri Knight - American Rituals
Playful experimental music from the 80’s. This is somewhat reminiscent of Yasuaki Shimizu’s stuff… at least to me.
Release date: 2022-07-21
[7.7/10]
Jamal Moss - Thanks 4 the Tracks U Lost
Above average club music.
Release date: 2022-05-06
[7.7/10]
Clube Tormanta - O Som Do Labirinto OST
Ambient OST for some experimental film. The ambient tracks are pretty spooky, and then there’s one oddball heavy metal track. Not really sure why it’s there but it’s definitely an interesting choice.
Release date: 2022-07-29
[7.6/10]
Moor Mother - Jazz Codes
Nowadays jazz-hop has become something that whole bunch of artists do but you rarely get really good stuff from. Well I guess it’s debatable whether this counts as jazz-hop… nevertheless this is Moor Mother’s most (probably) easily approachable album to date. As for me I like the first track, which is probably the track with least jazz influence…
Release date: 2022-07-01
[7.6/10]
Maria w Horn - Kontrapoetic
Somber, ceremonial synth music / noise. I don’t dislike it but the songs feel a bit all too homogenous to me…
Release date: 2018-10-19
[7.4/10]
Shackleton - The Majestic Yes
Jungle / dub. I find this to be a bit too repetitive to my likings, maybe it’ll grow on me…
Release date: 2022-07-30
[7.2/10]
Kode9 - Escapology
Cyber-punk club music. To be honest I’ve never really been that big of a fan for Kode9, and this one does not change that attitude… To me there are simply too many filler songs in this album, maybe they make sense in the context of being the companion soundtrack to his sonic fiction, but without it they just feel unfocused.
Release date: 2022-07-15
[6.9/10]
Boris - Heavy Rocks
When are we gonna get Heavier Rocks? Like, Amplifier Worship
kind of heavy…
Release date: 2022-08-12
[6.1/10]
Russian Circles - Gnosis
Probably their most repetitive album to date, and it’s not like I hold their last two albums in a high place or anything. Sad to see their creativity dip after the release of Memorial
still continuing to this day.
Release date: 2022-08-19
[5.0/10]
Comments


Red Heifer
The Rickshaw Smartphone Time Series
Visualization of CPU usage on a smartphone.
CPU Usage Breakdown


Reservoir simulation
History matching and forecasting studies
Reservoir studies
Resource Evaluation ( SEC compliant)
Well Testing Analysis, Planning, Execution and Interpretation
EOR Screening Planning and Analysis
Pore Pressure Prediction
PVT Sampling, Modelling and Lab Analysis
Core Analysis


Mather Hospital
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Next: Reentrancy, Previous: Timefns, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
A locale is the name for a collection of parameters (affecting
collating sequences and formatting conventions) that may be different
depending on location or culture. The "C"
locale is the only
one defined in the ANSI C standard.
This is a minimal implementation, supporting only the required "C"
value for locale; strings representing other locales are not
honored. (""
is also accepted; it represents the default locale
for an implementation, here equivalent to "C"
).
locale.h defines the structure lconv
to collect the
information on a locale, with the following fields:
char *decimal_point
The decimal point character used to format “ordinary” numbers (all
numbers except those referring to amounts of money). "."
in the
C locale.
char *thousands_sep
The character (if any) used to separate groups of digits, when
formatting ordinary numbers.
""
in the C locale.
char *grouping
Specifications for how many digits to group (if any grouping is done at
all) when formatting ordinary numbers. The numeric value of each
character in the string represents the number of digits for the next
group, and a value of 0
(that is, the string’s trailing
NULL
) means to continue grouping digits using the last value
specified. Use CHAR_MAX
to indicate that no further grouping is
desired. ""
in the C locale.
char *int_curr_symbol
The international currency symbol (first three characters), if any, and
the character used to separate it from numbers.
""
in the C locale.
char *currency_symbol
The local currency symbol, if any.
""
in the C locale.
char *mon_decimal_point
The symbol used to delimit fractions in amounts of money.
""
in the C locale.
char *mon_thousands_sep
Similar to thousands_sep
, but used for amounts of money.
""
in the C locale.
char *mon_grouping
Similar to grouping
, but used for amounts of money.
""
in the C locale.
char *positive_sign
A string to flag positive amounts of money when formatting.
""
in the C locale.
char *negative_sign
A string to flag negative amounts of money when formatting.
""
in the C locale.
char int_frac_digits
The number of digits to display when formatting amounts of money to
international conventions.
CHAR_MAX
(the largest number representable as a char
) in
the C locale.
char frac_digits
The number of digits to display when formatting amounts of money to
local conventions.
CHAR_MAX
in the C locale.
char p_cs_precedes
1
indicates the local currency symbol is used before a
positive or zero formatted amount of money; 0
indicates
the currency symbol is placed after the formatted number.
CHAR_MAX
in the C locale.
char p_sep_by_space
1
indicates the local currency symbol must be separated from
positive or zero numbers by a space; 0
indicates that it
is immediately adjacent to numbers.
CHAR_MAX
in the C locale.
char n_cs_precedes
1
indicates the local currency symbol is used before a
negative formatted amount of money; 0
indicates
the currency symbol is placed after the formatted number.
CHAR_MAX
in the C locale.
char n_sep_by_space
1
indicates the local currency symbol must be separated from
negative numbers by a space; 0
indicates that it
is immediately adjacent to numbers.
CHAR_MAX
in the C locale.
char p_sign_posn
Controls the position of the positive sign for
numbers representing money. 0
means parentheses surround the
number; 1
means the sign is placed before both the number and the
currency symbol; 2
means the sign is placed after both the number
and the currency symbol; 3
means the sign is placed just before
the currency symbol; and 4
means the sign is placed just after
the currency symbol.
CHAR_MAX
in the C locale.
char n_sign_posn
Controls the position of the negative sign for numbers
representing money, using the same rules as p_sign_posn
.
CHAR_MAX
in the C locale.
| • setlocale | Select or query locale |
Next: Reentrancy, Previous: Timefns, Up: Top [Contents][Index]


Class for common operations
Located in /Tree/Adapter/Abstract.php (line 23)
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| Nani_Tree_Adapter_Array | |
| Nani_Tree_Adapter_Xml |
Incoming data can be XML string, XML filename, array or database object
Options for building rows and connecting to database
Nested set tree
receives mixed data from adapter, converts to array, builds tree then calls output adapter's writeTree() function to handle the results
check if childid is a descendant of parentid child can be any number of levels deep
check if childid is a direct descendant of parentid
check if parentid is a parent of childid parent can be any number of levels above child
check if siblingid and childid have same parentid
Return tree via called adapter
If adapter is xml, returned datatype is valid XML string If adapter is array, returned datatype is array If adapter is db, tree is written to database table
Documentation generated on Mon, 01 Mar 2010 10:17:56 -0800 by phpDocumentor 1.4.3


Graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Chemistry and Biology from Northern Arizona University. My work in the lab, at CVS, and with Maricopa county exposed me to the radical impact that software and websites have on all fields. I began coding on my own and found a passion in web development. I want to develop software to help people and improve people's lives.
I am currently enrolled in the University of Arizona Full Stack Software Development program. I continue to improve my skills and mastery daily in various languages including HTML, CSS, and Javascript. My plans are to become fluent in these and more languages to lead me into a career in Web Development.
When I'm not coding I enjoy traveling, backpacking, taking photos, and spending time with my dog and girlfriend. I also really have a passion for music and I love discovering new artists.
Connect with me if you want to chat about web development, music, or anything else!


|
|---|
| Then shall the kingdom of heaven be likened unto ten virgins, which took their lamps, and went forth to meet the bridegroom.
|
|---|
| ᎿᎭᏉᏃ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎡᎯ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎨᏒ ᎾᏍᎩᏯ ᎨᏎᏍᏗ ᎠᏍᎪᎯ ᎢᏯᏂᏛ ᎠᎾᏛ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᏚᏂᏅᏎ ᏗᏨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏥᏚᎾᏠᏒᏎ ᎠᏕᏒᎲᏍᎩ.
|
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Hna-quo-no ga-lv-la-di e-hi u-gv-wi-yu-hi ge-sv na-s-gi-ya ge-se-s-di a-s-go-hi i-ya-ni-dv a-na-dv, na-s-gi tsi-du-ni-nv-se di-tsv-s-do-di a-le tsi-du-na-tlo-sv-se a-de-sv-hv-s-gi.
|
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|
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| And five of them were wise, and five were foolish.
|
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| ᎯᏍᎩᏃ ᎢᏯᏂᏛ ᎠᏂᎦᏔᎿᎭᎢ ᎨᏎᎢ, ᎯᏍᎩᏃ ᎤᏂᏁᎫ.
|
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Hi-s-gi-no i-ya-ni-dv a-ni-ga-ta-hna-i ge-se-i, hi-s-gi-no u-ni-ne-gu.
|
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|
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| They that were foolish took their lamps, and took no oil with them:
|
|---|
| ᎤᏂᏁᎫ ᏚᏂᏅᏎ ᏗᏨᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏎᏃ ᎪᎢ ᏄᏂᏁᏨᏒᎾ ᎨᏎᎢ,
|
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U-ni-ne-gu du-ni-nv-se di-tsv-s-do-di a-se-no go-i nu-ni-ne-tsv-sv-na ge-se-i,
|
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|
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| But the wise took oil in their vessels with their lamps.
|
|---|
| ᎠᏂᎦᏔᎿᎭᎢᏍᎩᏂ ᏚᏂᏅᏎ ᏧᏂᏨᏍᏙᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᏉ ᎪᎢ ᎤᏂᏁᏨᏎ ᏚᏂᏟᏍᏔᏁ ᏗᏖᎵᏙ.
|
|---|
A-ni-ga-ta-hna-i-s-gi-ni du-ni-nv-se tsu-ni-tsv-s-do-di, a-le na-s-quo go-i u-ni-ne-tsv-se du-ni-tli-s-ta-ne di-te-li-do.
|
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|
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| While the bridegroom tarried, they all slumbered and slept.
|
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| ᎠᏏᏃ ᎤᎪᏂᏲᎨ ᎠᏕᏒᎲᏍᎩ, ᏂᎦᏛ ᎠᏂᎵᏅᎨᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏂᎵᏅᏤᎢ.
|
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A-si-no u-go-ni-yo-ge a-de-sv-hv-s-gi, ni-ga-dv a-ni-li-nv-ge-i, a-le u-ni-li-nv-tse-i.
|
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|
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| And at midnight there was a cry made, Behold, the bridegroom cometh; go ye out to meet him.
|
|---|
| ᏒᏃᏱᏃ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎩᎶ ᎠᏍᏓᏯ ᎤᏁᏤᎢ, ᎯᎠ ᏄᏪᏎᎢ; ᎬᏂᏳᏉ ᎠᏕᏒᎲᏍᎩ ᏓᏯᎢ! ᏫᏕᏣᏠᎢ!
|
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Sv-no-yi-no a-ye-li gi-lo a-s-da-ya u-ne-tse-i, hi-a nu-we-se-i; Gv-ni-yu-quo a-de-sv-hv-s-gi da-ya-i! wi-de-tsa-tlo-i!
|
|---|
|
|---|
| Then all those virgins arose, and trimmed their lamps.
|
|---|
| ᎿᎭᏉᏃ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎠᎾᏛ ᎤᎾᏗᏓᏁᏎᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏚᏂᏥᏃᏍᎦᎸᎮ ᏚᏂᏨᏍᏛᎢ.
|
|---|
Hna-quo-no ni-ga-dv a-na-dv u-na-di-da-ne-se-i, a-le du-ni-tsi-no-s-ga-lv-he du-ni-tsv-s-dv-i.
|
|---|
|
|---|
| And the foolish said unto the wise, Give us of your oil; for our lamps are gone out.
|
|---|
| ᎤᏂᏁᎫᏃ ᎯᎠ ᏂᏚᏂᏪᏎᎴ ᎠᏂᎦᏔᎿᎭᎢ; ᎢᎦᏛ ᎪᎢ ᎢᏣᏤᎵ ᏍᎩᏁᎥᏏ, ᏙᎬᏠᎯᏎᎭᏰᏃ ᏙᎩᏨᏍᏛᎢ.
|
|---|
U-ni-ne-gu-no hi-a ni-du-ni-we-se-le a-ni-ga-ta-hna-i; I-ga-dv go-i i-tsa-tse-li s-gi-ne-v-si, do-gv-tlo-hi-se-ha-ye-no do-gi-tsv-s-dv-i.
|
|---|
|
|---|
| But the wise answered, saying, Not so; lest there be not enough for us and you: but go ye rather to them that sell, and buy for yourselves.
|
|---|
| ᎠᏎᏃ ᎠᏂᎦᏔᎿᎭᎢ ᎤᏂᏁᏨ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏂᏪᏎᎢ; ᏝᎨ ᏰᎵ ᏱᏙᎨᎩᏰᎵᎦ ᏂᎦᏛ, ᎢᏤᎾᏉᏍᎩᏂ ᏗᏂᏃᏗᏍᎬ, ᎢᏨᏒ ᏫᏥᏩᎯ.
|
|---|
A-se-no a-ni-ga-ta-hna-i u-ni-ne-tsv hi-a nu-ni-we-se-i; Tla-ge ye-li yi-do-ge-gi-ye-li-ga ni-ga-dv, i-tse-na-quo-s-gi-ni di-ni-no-di-s-gv, i-tsv-sv wi-tsi-wa-hi.
|
|---|
|
|---|
| And while they went to buy, the bridegroom came; and they that were ready went in with him to the marriage: and the door was shut.
|
|---|
| ᎤᏂᏩᏎᏅᏃ ᎠᏕᏒᎲᏍᎩ ᎤᎷᏤᎢ, ᎤᎾᏛᏅᎢᏍᏗᏃ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏣᎦᏨᏍᏙᏗᏱ ᏭᏂᏴᎴᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏂᏍᏚᏁ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗᏱ.
|
|---|
U-ni-wa-se-nv-no a-de-sv-hv-s-gi u-lu-tse-i, u-na-dv-nv-i-s-di-no na-s-gi i-tsu-la-ha tsa-ga-tsv-s-do-di-yi wu-ni-yv-le-i, a-le u-ni-s-du-ne ga-lo-hi-s-di-yi.
|
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|
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| Afterward came also the other virgins, saying, Lord, Lord, open to us.
|
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| ᎣᏂᏃ ᎾᏍᏉ ᎠᏂᏐᎢ ᎠᎾᏛ ᎤᏂᎷᏤᎢ, ᎯᎠ ᏄᏂᏪᏎᎢ; ᏣᎬᏫᏳᎯ, ᏣᎬᏫᏳᎯ, ᎡᏍᎩᏍᏚᎩ.
|
|---|
O-ni-no na-s-quo a-ni-so-i a-na-dv u-ni-lu-tse-i, hi-a nu-ni-we-se-i; Tsa-gv-wi-yu-hi, Tsa-gv-wi-yu-hi, e-s-gi-s-du-gi.
|
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|
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| But he answered and said, Verily I say unto you, I know you not.
|
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| ᎠᏎᏃ ᏧᏁᏨ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏪᏎᎢ; ᎤᏙᎯᏳᎯᏯ ᎢᏨᏲᏎᎭ, ᎥᏝ ᏱᏨᎦᏔᎭ.
|
|---|
A-se-no tsu-ne-tsv hi-a nu-we-se-i; U-do-hi-yu-hi-ya i-tsv-yo-se-ha, v-tla yi-tsv-ga-ta-ha.
|
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|
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| Watch therefore, for ye know neither the day nor the hour wherein the Son of man cometh.
|
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| ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎢᏥᏯᏫᏍᎨᏍᏗ, ᎥᏝᏰᏃ ᏱᏥᎦᏔᎭ ᎾᎯᏳ ᎢᎦ ᎨᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ ᎧᎳᏩᏗᏒ ᎤᎷᎯᏍᏗᏱ ᏴᏫ ᎤᏪᏥ.
|
|---|
Na-s-gi i-yu-s-di i-tsi-ya-wi-s-ge-s-di, v-tla-ye-no yi-tsi-ga-ta-ha na-hi-yu i-ga ge-sv a-le i-yu-tli-lo-dv ka-la-wa-di-sv u-lu-hi-s-di-yi yv-wi U-we-tsi.
|
|---|
|
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| For the kingdom of heaven is as a man travelling into a far country, who called his own servants, and delivered unto them his goods.
|
|---|
| ᎾᏍᎩᏯᏉᏰᏃ ᎩᎶ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎢᏅᏥᏮᏗᎦᎶᏏᏎᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏥᏫᏚᏯᏅᎮ ᏧᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᏥᏚᏲᎯᏎᎴ ᎤᎿᎭᎥᎢ.
|
|---|
Na-s-gi-ya-quo-ye-no gi-lo a-s-ga-ya i-nv-tsi-wv-di-ga-lo-si-se-i, a-le tsi-wi-du-ya-nv-he tsu-nv-si-da-s-di, a-le tsi-du-yo-hi-se-le u-hna-v-i.
|
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|
|---|
| And unto one he gave five talents, to another two, and to another one; to every man according to his several ability; and straightway took his journey.
|
|---|
| ᎠᏏᏴᏫᏃ ᎯᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᎠᏕᎸ ᏚᏁᎴᎢ, ᏐᎢᏃ ᏔᎵ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ, ᏐᎢᏃ ᏌᏉ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ, ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏰᎵ ᎢᎬᏩᎾᏛᏁᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ. ᎿᎭᏉᏃ ᎤᏂᎩᏎᎢ.
|
|---|
A-si-yv-wi-no hi-s-gi i-ya-ga-yv-li a-de-lv du-ne-le-i, so-i-no ta-li i-ya-ga-yv-li, so-i-no sa-quo i-ya-ga-yv-li, a-ni-si-yv-wi-ha na-s-gi ye-li i-gv-wa-na-dv-ne-di ge-sv-i. Hna-quo-no u-ni-gi-se-i.
|
|---|
|
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| Then he that had received the five talents went and traded with the same, and made them other five talents.
|
|---|
| ᎿᎭᏉᏃ ᎯᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᏣᏥᏁᎸᎯ ᎤᏪᏅᏎ ᏭᏃᏔᏁᎢ, ᎯᏍᎩᏃ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᎤᏁᏉᏤᎴᎢ.
|
|---|
Hna-quo-no hi-s-gi i-ya-ga-yv-li tsa-tsi-ne-lv-hi u-we-nv-se wu-no-ta-ne-i, hi-s-gi-no i-ya-ga-yv-li u-ne-quo-tse-le-i.
|
|---|
|
|---|
| And likewise he that had received two, he also gained other two.
|
|---|
| ᎾᏍᏉ ᎠᎴ Ꮎ ᏔᎵ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᏣᏥᏁᎸᎯ ᎾᏍᏉ ᏔᎵ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᎤᏁᏉᏤᎴᎢ.
|
|---|
Na-s-quo a-le na ta-li i-ya-ga-yv-li tsa-tsi-ne-lv-hi na-s-quo ta-li i-ya-ga-yv-li u-ne-quo-tse-le-i.
|
|---|
|
|---|
| But he that had received one went and digged in the earth, and hid his lord's money.
|
|---|
| ᏌᏉᏍᎩᏂ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᏣᏥᏁᎸᎯ ᎤᏪᏅᏎᎢ, ᏭᏍᎪᎭ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᏫᏚᏩᏍᎦᎳᏁ ᎤᎾᏝᎢ ᏧᏤᎵ ᎠᏕᎸ.
|
|---|
Sa-quo-s-gi-ni i-ya-ga-yv-li tsa-tsi-ne-lv-hi u-we-nv-se-i, wu-s-go-ha ga-do-hi, a-le wi-du-wa-s-ga-la-ne u-na-tla-i tsu-tse-li a-de-lv.
|
|---|
|
|---|
| After a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and reckoneth with them.
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| ᎢᎸᎯᏳᏃ ᎢᏴᏛ ᎤᎷᏤ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᎤᏂᎾᏝᎢ, ᎣᏍᏛᏃ ᏄᏅᏁᎴᎢ.
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I-lv-hi-yu-no i-yv-dv u-lu-tse na-s-gi ge-tsi-nv-si-da-s-di u-ni-na-tla-i, o-s-dv-no nu-nv-ne-le-i.
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| And so he that had received five talents came and brought other five talents, saying, Lord, thou deliveredst unto me five talents: behold, I have gained beside them five talents more.
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| ᎯᏍᎩᏃ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᏣᏥᏁᎸᎯ ᎤᎷᏤᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏚᏲᎴ ᏅᏩᎾᏓᎴ ᎯᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᎠᏕᎸ, ᎯᎠ ᏄᏪᏎᎢ; ᏍᎩᎾᏝᎢ, ᎯᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᎠᏕᎸ ᏕᏍᎩᏲᎯᏎᎸᎩ; ᎬᏂᏳᏉ ᏅᏩᎾᏓᎴ ᎯᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᏕᏴᎵ ᎬᎩᏁᏉᏤᎸ.
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Hi-s-gi-no i-ya-ga-yv-li tsa-tsi-ne-lv-hi u-lu-tse-i, a-le du-yo-le nv-wa-na-da-le hi-s-gi i-ya-ga-yv-li a-de-lv, hi-a nu-we-se-i; S-gi-na-tla-i, hi-s-gi i-ya-ga-yv-li a-de-lv de-s-gi-yo-hi-se-lv-gi; gv-ni-yu-quo nv-wa-na-da-le hi-s-gi i-ya-de-yv-li gv-gi-ne-quo-tse-lv.
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| His lord said unto him, Well done, thou good and faithful servant: thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord.
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| ᎤᎾᏝᎢᏃ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏪᏎᎴᎢ; ᎣᏏᏳ! ᎰᏍᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎦᎵᏯ ᎡᏣᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ! ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᏂᏣᏛᏁᎸ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏛ ᏕᏣᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎸᎢ; ᎤᏣᏘ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏛ ᏣᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᏅᏓᎬᏴᏁᎵ; ᎯᏴᎭ ᎣᏍᏛ ᎠᏓᏅᏓᏗᏍᏗᏱ ᏣᎾᏝᎢ ᎤᏤᎵᎪᎯ.
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U-na-tla-i-no hi-a nu-we-se-le-i; O-si-yu! ho-s-dv a-le hi-ga-li-ya e-tsa-nv-si-da-s-di! du-yu-go-dv ni-tsa-dv-ne-lv u-s-di tsu-da-le-nv-dv de-tsa-lv-wi-s-da-ne-lv-i; u-tsa-ti tsu-da-le-nv-dv tsa-gv-wi-yu-sa-de-gi nv-da-gv-yv-ne-li; hi-yv-ha o-s-dv a-da-nv-da-di-s-di-yi tsa-na-tla-i u-tse-li-go-hi.
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| He also that had received two talents came and said, Lord, thou deliveredst unto me two talents: behold, I have gained two other talents beside them.
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| ᎾᏍᏉᏃ ᏔᎵ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᏣᏥᏁᎸᎯ ᎤᎷᏨ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏪᏎᎢ; ᏍᎩᎾᏝᎢ, ᏔᎵ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᎠᏕᎸ ᏕᏍᎩᏲᎯᏎᎸᎩ; ᎬᏂᏳᏉ ᏅᏩᎾᏓᎴ ᏔᎵ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᎬᎩᏁᏉᏤᎸ.
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Na-s-quo-no ta-li i-ya-ga-yv-li tsa-tsi-ne-lv-hi u-lu-tsv hi-a nu-we-se-i; S-gi-na-tla-i, ta-li i-ya-ga-yv-li a-de-lv de-s-gi-yo-hi-se-lv-gi; gv-ni-yu-quo nv-wa-na-da-le ta-li i-ya-ga-yv-li gv-gi-ne-quo-tse-lv.
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| His lord said unto him, Well done, good and faithful servant; thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord.
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| ᎤᎾᏝᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏪᏎᎴᎢ; ᎣᏏᏳ! ᎰᏍᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎦᎵᏯ ᎡᏣᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ! ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᏂᏣᏛᏁᎸ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏛ ᏕᏣᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎸᎢ; ᎤᏣᏘ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏛ ᏣᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᏅᏓᎬᏴᏁᎵ; ᎯᏴᎭ ᎣᏍᏛ ᎠᏓᏅᏓᏗᏍᏗᏱ ᏣᎾᏝᎢ ᎤᏤᎵᎪᎯ.
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U-na-tla-i hi-a nu-we-se-le-i; O-si-yu! ho-s-dv a-le hi-ga-li-ya e-tsa-nv-si-da-s-di! du-yu-go-dv ni-tsa-dv-ne-lv u-s-di tsu-da-le-nv-dv de-tsa-lv-wi-s-da-ne-lv-i; u-tsa-ti tsu-da-le-nv-dv tsa-gv-wi-yu-sa-de-gi nv-da-gv-yv-ne-li; hi-yv-ha o-s-dv a-da-nv-da-di-s-di-yi tsa-na-tla-i u-tse-li-go-hi.
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| Then he which had received the one talent came and said, Lord, I knew thee that thou art an hard man, reaping where thou hast not sown, and gathering where thou hast not strawed:
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| ᎿᎭᏉᏃ ᏌᏉ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᏣᏥᏁᎸᎯ ᎤᎷᏨ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏪᏎᎢ; ᏍᎩᎾᏝᎢ, ᎬᎦᏔᎲᎩ, ᎯᏍᏓᏱᏳ ᎨᏒᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᏍᎫᏕᏍᎬᎢ ᎾᎿᎭᏂᏣᏫᏒᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎱᏖᏍᎬᎢ ᎾᎿᎭᏂᏣᎴᎳᏛᏅᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ.
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Hna-quo-no sa-quo i-ya-ga-yv-li tsa-tsi-ne-lv-hi u-lu-tsv hi-a nu-we-se-i; S-gi-na-tla-i, gv-ga-ta-hv-gi, hi-s-da-yi-yu ge-sv-i, a-le hi-s-gu-de-s-gv-i na-hna ni-tsa-wi-sv-na ge-sv-i, a-le hu-te-s-gv-i na-hna ni-tsa-le-la-dv-nv-na ge-sv-i.
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| And I was afraid, and went and hid thy talent in the earth: lo, there thou hast that is thine.
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| ᎠᎴ ᏥᏍᎦᎢᎲᎢ ᎠᏇᏅᏒᎩ, ᏫᏓᎬᏍᎦᎳᏅᎩ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᏕᎸ ᏗᏣᏤᎵᎦ; ᎬᏂᏳᏉ ᎠᏂ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏗᏣᏤᎵᎦ.
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A-le tsi-s-ga-i-hv-i a-que-nv-sv-gi, wi-da-gv-s-ga-la-nv-gi ga-do-hi a-de-lv di-tsa-tse-li-ga; gv-ni-yu-quo a-ni na-s-gi di-tsa-tse-li-ga.
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| His lord answered and said unto him, Thou wicked and slothful servant, thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and gather where I have not strawed:
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| ᎤᎾᏝᎢᏃ ᎤᏁᏨ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏪᏎᎴᎢ; ᏣᏁᎫᏥᏛ ᎠᎴ ᏣᏓᏄᎸᏗ ᎡᏣᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ! ᎯᎦᏔᎲᎩ ᏥᏍᎫᏕᏍᎬ ᎾᎿᎭᎾᎩᏫᏒᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎫᏖᏍᎬ ᎾᎿᎭᎾᎩᎴᎳᏛᏅᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ!
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U-na-tla-i-no u-ne-tsv hi-a nu-we-se-le-i; Tsa-ne-gu-tsi-dv a-le tsa-da-nu-lv-di e-tsa-nv-si-da-s-di! hi-ga-ta-hv-gi tsi-s-gu-de-s-gv na-hna na-gi-wi-sv-na ge-sv-i, a-le gu-te-s-gv na-hna na-gi-le-la-dv-nv-na ge-sv-i!
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| Thou oughtest therefore to have put my money to the exchangers, and then at my coming I should have received mine own with usury.
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| ᎠᏕᎸ ᏗᏂᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗᏍᎩᏱ ᏱᏫᏙᏣᏁ ᎠᏕᎸ ᏗᏆᏤᎵᎦ, ᎾᏍᎩᏃ ᎪᎯ ᏥᏥᎷᎩ ᏱᏓᎩᎪᎮ ᏗᏆᏤᎵ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏂᏁᏉᏨᎯ.
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A-de-lv di-ni-s-qua-ni-go-di-s-gi-yi yi-wi-do-tsa-ne a-de-lv di-qua-tse-li-ga, na-s-gi-no go-hi tsi-tsi-lu-gi yi-da-gi-go-he di-qua-tse-li a-le u-ni-ne-quo-tsv-hi.
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| Take therefore the talent from him, and give it unto him which hath ten talents.
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| ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᏥᏙᎡᏥᎩᏏᏉ ᏌᏉ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᎠᏕᎸ, ᎠᏍᎪᎯᏃ ᎢᏯᎦᏴᎵ ᏧᎯ ᏤᏥᎥᏏ.
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Na-s-gi i-yu-s-di tsi-do-e-tsi-gi-si-quo sa-quo i-ya-ga-yv-li a-de-lv, a-s-go-hi-no i-ya-ga-yv-li tsu-hi tse-tsi-v-si.
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| For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath.
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| ᎩᎶᏰᏃ ᎤᎮᏍᏗ ᎠᏥᏁᏗ ᎨᏎᏍᏗ, ᎤᏣᏘᏃ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏕᏍᏗ; ᎩᎶᏍᎩᏂ ᏄᎲᎾ ᎨᏎᏍᏗ ᎠᏥᎩᎡᏗᏉ ᎨᏎᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏉ ᎤᎲᎢ.
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Gi-lo-ye-no u-he-s-di a-tsi-ne-di ge-se-s-di, u-tsa-ti-no u-s-qua-ni-go-de-s-di; gi-lo-s-gi-ni nu-hv-na ge-se-s-di a-tsi-gi-e-di-quo ge-se-s-di na-s-gi na-s-quo u-hv-i.
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| And cast ye the unprofitable servant into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
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| ᎯᎠᏃ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎦᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏙᏱᏗᏢ ᏧᎵᏏᎬ ᏪᏣᏓᎤᎦ; ᎾᎿᎭᏓᏂᏴᎨᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏓᏂᎸᏓᎩᏍᎨᏍᏗ ᏓᏂᏄᏙᎬᎢ.
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Hi-a-no go-hu-s-di gv-do-di ni-ge-sv-na ga-nv-si-da-s-di do-yi-di-tlv tsu-li-si-gv we-tsa-da-u-ga; na-hna da-ni-yv-ge-s-di a-le da-ni-lv-da-gi-s-ge-s-di da-ni-nu-do-gv-i.
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| When the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory:
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| ᎢᏳᏃ ᎿᎭᏉ ᏴᏫ ᎤᏪᏥ ᎦᎷᏨᎭ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎤᏤᎵᎦ ᎦᎸᏉᏗᏳ ᎨᏒ ᎤᏄᏬᏍᏕᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎨᏥᎸᏉᏗ ᏗᏂᎧᎿᎭᏩᏗᏙᎯ ᏓᏘᏁᎮᏍᏗ, ᎿᎭᏉ ᏓᎦᏂ ᎦᎸᏉᏗᏳ ᎤᏪᏍᎩᎸᎢ;
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I-yu-no hna-quo yv-wi U-we-tsi ga-lu-tsv-ha u-wa-sv u-tse-li-ga ga-lv-quo-di-yu ge-sv u-nu-wo-s-de-s-di, a-le ni-ga-dv ge-tsi-lv-quo-di di-ni-ka-hna-wa-di-do-hi da-ti-ne-he-s-di, hna-quo da-ga-ni ga-lv-quo-di-yu u-we-s-gi-lv-i;
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| And before him shall be gathered all nations: and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd divideth his sheep from the goats:
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| ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢᏃ ᏙᏓᎨᏥᎳᏫᏗ ᏂᎦᏗᏳ ᏄᎾᏓᎴᏒ ᏴᏫ, ᎠᎴ ᏙᏛᎦᎴᏅᏔᏂ ᎾᏍᎩᏯ ᎠᏫ-ᏗᎦᏘᏯ ᏥᏓᎦᎴᏅᏗᏍᎪ ᏧᏤᎵ ᎠᏫ ᎤᏂᏃᏕᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏫ ᏗᏂᎭᏄᎸᎯ.
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I-gv-yi-di-tlv-no do-da-ge-tsi-la-wi-di ni-ga-di-yu nu-na-da-le-sv yv-wi, a-le do-dv-ga-le-nv-ta-ni na-s-gi-ya a-wi--di-ga-ti-ya tsi-da-ga-le-nv-di-s-go tsu-tse-li a-wi u-ni-no-de-na a-le a-wi di-ni-ha-nu-lv-hi.
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| And he shall set the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on the left.
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| ᎠᏫᏃ ᎤᏂᏃᏕᎾ ᎠᎦᏘᏏ ᎢᏗᏢ ᏙᏓᎦᎪᏔᏂ, ᎠᏫᏃ ᏗᏂᎭᏄᎸᎯ ᎠᎦᏍᎦᏂ ᎢᏗᏢ;
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A-wi-no u-ni-no-de-na a-ga-ti-si i-di-tlv do-da-ga-go-ta-ni, a-wi-no di-ni-ha-nu-lv-hi a-ga-s-ga-ni i-di-tlv;
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| Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world:
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| ᎿᎭᏉᏃ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏂᏙᏓᎦᏪᏎᎵ ᎠᎦᏘᏏ ᎢᏗᏢ ᎠᏂᏙᎾᎢ; ᎡᏤᎾ, ᎡᏙᏓ ᎢᏥᎸᏉᏔᏅᎯ, ᎢᏣᏤᎵ ᏫᏂᎦᎵᏍᏓ ᎤᏤᎵᎪᎯ ᎡᏣᎵᏍᎪᎸᏓᏁᎸᎯ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏧᏙᏢᏅ ᏅᏓᎬᏩᏓᎴᏅᏛ.
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Hna-quo-no U-gv-wi-yu-hi hi-a ni-do-da-ga-we-se-li a-ga-ti-si i-di-tlv a-ni-do-na-i; E-tse-na, E-do-da I-tsi-lv-quo-ta-nv-hi, i-tsa-tse-li wi-ni-ga-li-s-da u-tse-li-go-hi e-tsa-li-s-go-lv-da-ne-lv-hi e-lo-hi tsu-do-tlv-nv nv-da-gv-wa-da-le-nv-dv.
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| For I was an hungred, and ye gave me meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, and ye took me in:
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| ᎠᎪᏄᏰᏃ ᎠᎩᏲᏏᏍᎬᎩ, ᎥᏍᎩᏰᎳᏍᏔᏅᏃ; ᎠᎩᏔᏕᎩᏍᎬᎩ, ᎥᏍᎩᎤᏅᏃ; ᏅᎩᎦᏔᎲᎾ ᎨᏒᎩ, ᎥᏍᎩᏴᏔᏅᎩ;
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A-go-nu-ye-no a-gi-yo-si-s-gv-gi, v-s-gi-ye-la-s-ta-nv-no; a-gi-ta-de-gi-s-gv-gi, v-s-gi-u-nv-no; nv-gi-ga-ta-hv-na ge-sv-gi, v-s-gi-yv-ta-nv-gi;
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| Naked, and ye clothed me: I was sick, and ye visited me: I was in prison, and ye came unto me.
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| ᎠᎩᏰᎸᎭ ᎨᏒᎩ, ᏙᏍᎩᏄᏬᎥᎩᏃ; ᎠᎩᏢᎬᎩ, ᎥᏍᎩᏯᎦᏔᏂᎸᎩᏃ; ᏗᏓᏍᏚᏗᏱ ᎥᎩᏍᏚᎲᎩ, ᎥᏍᎩᏩᏛᎯᎸᎩᏃ.
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A-gi-ye-lv-ha ge-sv-gi, do-s-gi-nu-wo-v-gi-no; a-gi-tlv-gv-gi, v-s-gi-ya-ga-ta-ni-lv-gi-no; di-da-s-du-di-yi v-gi-s-du-hv-gi, v-s-gi-wa-dv-hi-lv-gi-no.
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| Then shall the righteous answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee an hungred, and fed thee? or thirsty, and gave thee drink?
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| ᎿᎭᏉᏃ ᎤᎾᏓᏅᏘ ᏛᏂᏁᏥ ᎯᎠ ᏅᏓᎬᏩᏪᏎᎵ; ᏣᎬᏫᏳᎯ, ᎢᎳᎩᏳ ᎢᏨᎪᏒ ᏣᏲᏏᏍᎨᎢ, ᎢᏨᏰᎳᏍᏔᏁᏃ; ᎠᎴ ᏣᏔᏕᎩᏍᎨᎢ, ᎢᏨᎤᏁᏃ;
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Hna-quo-no u-na-da-nv-ti dv-ni-ne-tsi hi-a nv-da-gv-wa-we-se-li; Tsa-gv-wi-yu-hi, i-la-gi-yu i-tsv-go-sv tsa-yo-si-s-ge-i, i-tsv-ye-la-s-ta-ne-no; a-le tsa-ta-de-gi-s-ge-i, i-tsv-u-ne-no;
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| When saw we thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and clothed thee?
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| ᎢᎳᎩᏳ ᎢᏨᎪᎡ ᏁᏣᎦᏔᎲᎾ, ᎢᏨᏴᏔᏁᏃ; ᎠᎴ ᏣᏰᎸᎭ ᎨᏎᎢ, ᎢᏨᏄᏬᎡᏃ;
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I-la-gi-yu i-tsv-go-e ne-tsa-ga-ta-hv-na, i-tsv-yv-ta-ne-no; a-le tsa-ye-lv-ha ge-se-i, i-tsv-nu-wo-e-no;
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| Or when saw we thee sick, or in prison, and came unto thee?
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| ᎠᎴ ᎢᎳᎩᏳ ᎢᏨᎪᎡ ᏣᏢᎨᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏗᏓᏍᏚᏗᏱ ᎡᏣᏍᏚᎮᎢ, ᎢᏨᏯᎦᏔᏂᎴᏃ?
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A-le i-la-gi-yu i-tsv-go-e tsa-tlv-ge-i, a-le di-da-s-du-di-yi e-tsa-s-du-he-i, i-tsv-ya-ga-ta-ni-le-no?
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| And the King shall answer and say unto them, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me.
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| ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯᏃ ᏓᎧᏁᏥ ᎯᎠ ᏂᏙᏓᎦᏪᏎᎵ; ᎤᏙᎯᏳᎯᏯ ᎯᎠ ᏂᏨᏪᏎᎭ, ᎾᏍᎩᏰᏃ ᏥᏁᏣᏛᏁᎸ ᎤᏍᏗᎧᏂ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎣᏣᎵᏅᏟ, ᎠᏴ ᏂᏍᎩᏯᏛᏁᎸᎩ.
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U-gv-wi-yu-hi-no da-ka-ne-tsi hi-a ni-do-da-ga-we-se-li; U-do-hi-yu-hi-ya hi-a ni-tsv-we-se-ha, Na-s-gi-ye-no tsi-ne-tsa-dv-ne-lv u-s-di-ka-ni hi-a na-s-gi o-tsa-li-nv-tli, a-yv ni-s-gi-ya-dv-ne-lv-gi.
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| Then shall he say also unto them on the left hand, Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels:
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| ᎯᎠᏃ ᎾᏍᏉ ᏂᏙᏓᎦᏪᏎᎵ ᎠᎦᏍᎦᏂ ᎢᏗᏢ ᎠᏂᏙᎾᎢ; ᏍᎩᏯᏓᏅᏏ, ᎡᏥᏍᎦᏨᎯ, ᏫᎾᏍᏛᎾ ᎠᏥᎸᏱ ᏗᎨᏒ ᏫᏥᎶᎯ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎩᎾ ᎠᎴ ᏧᏤᎵ ᏗᏂᎧᎿᎭᏩᏗᏙᎯ ᎨᎪᏢᎾᏁᎸᎯ.
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Hi-a-no na-s-quo ni-do-da-ga-we-se-li a-ga-s-ga-ni i-di-tlv a-ni-do-na-i; S-gi-ya-da-nv-si, e-tsi-s-ga-tsv-hi, wi-na-s-dv-na a-tsi-lv-yi di-ge-sv wi-tsi-lo-hi, na-s-gi a-s-gi-na a-le tsu-tse-li di-ni-ka-hna-wa-di-do-hi ge-go-tlv-na-ne-lv-hi.
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| For I was an hungred, and ye gave me no meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me no drink:
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| ᎠᎪᏄᏰᏃ ᎠᎩᏲᏏᏍᎬᎩ, ᎥᏝᏃ ᏱᏍᎩᏰᎳᏍᏔᏁᎢ; ᎠᎩᏔᏕᎩᏍᎬᎩ, ᎥᏝᏃ ᏱᏍᎩᎤᏁᎢ;
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A-go-nu-ye-no a-gi-yo-si-s-gv-gi, v-tla-no yi-s-gi-ye-la-s-ta-ne-i; a-gi-ta-de-gi-s-gv-gi, v-tla-no yi-s-gi-u-ne-i;
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| I was a stranger, and ye took me not in: naked, and ye clothed me not: sick, and in prison, and ye visited me not.
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| ᏅᎩᎦᏔᎲᎾ ᎨᏒᎩ, ᎥᏝᏃ ᏱᏍᎩᏴᏔᏁᎢ; ᎠᎩᏰᎸᎭ ᎨᏒᎩ, ᎥᏝᏃ ᏱᏗᏍᎩᏄᏬᎡᎢ; ᎠᎩᏢᎬᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᏗᏓᏍᏚᏗᏱ ᎥᎩᏍᏚᎲᎩ, ᎥᏝᏃ ᏱᏍᎩᏩᏛᎯᎴᎢ.
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Nv-gi-ga-ta-hv-na ge-sv-gi, v-tla-no yi-s-gi-yv-ta-ne-i; a-gi-ye-lv-ha ge-sv-gi, v-tla-no yi-di-s-gi-nu-wo-e-i; a-gi-tlv-gv-gi, a-le di-da-s-du-di-yi v-gi-s-du-hv-gi, v-tla-no yi-s-gi-wa-dv-hi-le-i.
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| Then shall they also answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee an hungred, or athirst, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister unto thee?
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| ᎾᏍᏉᏃ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏛᏂᏁᏥ, ᎯᎠ ᏅᏓᎬᏩᏪᏎᎵ, ᏣᎬᏫᏳᎯ, ᎢᎳᎩᏳ ᎢᏨᎪᎡ ᏣᏲᏏᏍᎨᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏣᏔᏕᎩᏍᎨᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏁᏣᎦᏔᎲᎾ ᎨᏎᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏣᏰᎸᎭ ᎨᏎᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏣᏢᎨᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏗᏓᏍᏚᏗᏱ ᎡᏣᏍᏚᎮᎢ, ᏂᏨᏍᏕᎸᎲᎾᏃ ᎨᏎᎢ?
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Na-s-quo-no na-s-gi dv-ni-ne-tsi, hi-a nv-da-gv-wa-we-se-li, Tsa-gv-wi-yu-hi, i-la-gi-yu i-tsv-go-e tsa-yo-si-s-ge-i, a-le tsa-ta-de-gi-s-ge-i, a-le ne-tsa-ga-ta-hv-na ge-se-i, a-le tsa-ye-lv-ha ge-se-i, a-le tsa-tlv-ge-i, a-le di-da-s-du-di-yi e-tsa-s-du-he-i, ni-tsv-s-de-lv-hv-na-no ge-se-i?
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| Then shall he answer them, saying, Verily I say unto you, Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me.
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| ᎿᎭᏉᏃ ᏓᎧᏁᏥ ᎯᎠ ᏂᏙᏓᎦᏪᏎᎵ; ᎤᏙᎯᏳᎯᏯ ᎯᎠ ᏂᏨᏪᏎᎭ, ᎾᏍᎩᏰᏃ ᏁᏣᏛᏁᎸᎾ ᎨᏒ ᎤᏍᏗᎧᏂ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏍᎩ, ᎠᏴ ᎥᏝ ᏱᏂᏍᎩᏯᏛᏁᎴᎢ.
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Hna-quo-no da-ka-ne-tsi hi-a ni-do-da-ga-we-se-li; u-do-hi-yu-hi-ya hi-a ni-tsv-we-se-ha, na-s-gi-ye-no ne-tsa-dv-ne-lv-na ge-sv u-s-di-ka-ni hi-a na-s-gi, a-yv v-tla yi-ni-s-gi-ya-dv-ne-le-i.
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| And these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal.
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| ᎯᎠᏃ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏫᎾᏍᏛᎾ ᎠᎩᎵᏲᎢᏍᏗᏱ ᏗᎨᏒ ᏮᏛᏂᎶᏏ; ᎤᎾᏓᏅᏘᏍᎩᏂ ᏫᎾᏍᏛᎾ ᎬᏂᏛ ᏗᎨᏒᎢ.
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Hi-a-no na-s-gi wi-na-s-dv-na a-gi-li-yo-i-s-di-yi di-ge-sv wv-dv-ni-lo-si; u-na-da-nv-ti-s-gi-ni wi-na-s-dv-na gv-ni-dv di-ge-sv-i.
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--- layout: post title: LUSH Herbalism tags: - Lush status: publish type: post published: true meta: _edit_last: '2' _aioseop_keywords: LUSH Herbalism review, LUSH Herbalism, LUSH Herbalism cleanser, LUSH cleanser review _aioseop_title: LUSH Herbalism review _yoast_wpseo_linkdex: '0' _thumbnail_id: '4277' _yoast_wpseo_focuskw: '' _yoast_wpseo_title: '' _yoast_wpseo_metadesc: '' _yoast_wpseo_metakeywords: '' _yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex: '0' _yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow: '0' _yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-adv: none _yoast_wpseo_sitemap-include: ! '-' _yoast_wpseo_sitemap-prio: ! '-' _yoast_wpseo_canonical: '' _yoast_wpseo_redirect: '' ---
I have been juggling between extreme pressure at work and my dream house(more of nightmare), running around the city to select hardware, test painting sample and just not able to accommodate my activities. I need a break and finally it is here.. Goa here I come...Sorry guys for MIA....
More about Herbalism :P Price: Rs. 585 for 100gm Claims: A powerful decongestant for your pores, Herbalism is best suited to those who have tried everything under the sun to clear up their oily and blemish prone skin. Fear not! Herbalism’s heroic blend of rosemary, nettle and chamomile are here to tame problematic skin. Ground rice bran acts as an effective exfoliant, while kaolin (also known as China clay) reaches deep down into pores to clean out dirt and debris. Use this cleanser in combination with Grease Lightning for balanced, even skin. Contains:My experience: This cleanser is a green clay paste, which is more on the granular side, you can feel the soft small chunks of almond. Strangely it neither smells Almond nor any of its ingredients like rosemary, rather it smells very creamy and milk type. I take a small pea size cleanser and make a paste, apply it on my face, leave it on for 5 min, splash a little water and use circular motion to rub it off. Since the almond are quite chunky, they keep falling off and can be a bit of a mess. It behaves very similar to milk masks that I prepare at home, because when I splash water, I can see small drop of water on my face like it still has some coat of oil/moisture. I avoid using any cream after this. This is not meant for Oil control for sure, and neither can it remove makeup. You have to remove all traces of makeup before using it. It gives me an instant glow, and brighter skin. Although the results are just temporary. For me this a triple purpose product Cleanser + Scrub + Mask. I can see a slight improvement in skin tone, you have to use it for long to see better results.
What I did not like:
Overall its a great product, people who are looking for natural and soothing cleanser should definitely try this. You have to be committed to your skin, else just using this product won't work wonders.
Home made cleanser for similar results: Grind Masoor Dal(Red lentils), take a small portion and mix it with milk and apply as a pack for 10-15 min then scrub it off slowly. It will definitely remove tan and work on those blemishes.. promise :) Have you tried this cleanser ?


{% extends "tutor_base.html" %} {% block content %}
Enter a title for the session you wish to create, you will then be taken to a page allowing you to add questions.etc


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| virtual | ~Implementation () |
| | Destructor is virtual; be sure to provide one in you concrete class if there is anything to destruct. More...
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| |
| virtual Implementation * | clone () const |
| | Override this if you want your Motion objects to be copyable. More...
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| |
| virtual Motion::Level | getLevel (const State &) const =0 |
| | A Motion prescribes either position, velocity, or acceleration. More...
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| |
| virtual Motion::Method | getLevelMethod (const State &) const |
| | Override this if the method is not Motion::Prescribed. More...
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| |
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These must be defined if the motion method is "Prescribed" and the motion level is "Position".
In that case q=q(t), qdot, and qdotdot are all required. Note that Simbody passes in the number of q's being prescribed; make sure you are seeing what you expect.
|
| virtual void | calcPrescribedPosition (const State &s, int nq, Real *q) const |
| | This operator is called during the MatterSubsystem's realize(Time) computation. More...
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| |
| virtual void | calcPrescribedPositionDot (const State &s, int nq, Real *qdot) const |
| | Calculate the time derivative of the prescribed positions. More...
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| |
| virtual void | calcPrescribedPositionDotDot (const State &s, int nq, Real *qdotdot) const |
| | Calculate the 2nd time derivative of the prescribed positions. More...
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| |
|
These must be defined if the motion method is "Prescribed" and the motion level is "Velocity".
In that case u=u(t,q), and udot are both required. Note that Simbody passes in the number of u's being prescribed; make sure you are seeing what you expect.
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| virtual void | calcPrescribedVelocity (const State &s, int nu, Real *u) const |
| | This operator is called during the MatterSubsystem's realize(Position) computation. More...
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| virtual void | calcPrescribedVelocityDot (const State &s, int nu, Real *udot) const |
| | Calculate the time derivative of the prescribed velocity. More...
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This must be defined if the motion method is "Prescribed" and the motion level is "Acceleration".
In that case udot=udot(t,q,u) is required. Note that Simbody passes in the number of u's (same as number of udots) being prescribed; make sure you are seeing what you expect.
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| virtual void | calcPrescribedAcceleration (const State &s, int nu, Real *udot) const |
| | This operator is called during the MatterSubsystem's realize(Dynamics) computation. More...
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The following methods may optionally be overridden to do specialized realization for a Motion.
These are called during the corresponding realization stage of the containing MatterSubsystem.
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| virtual void | realizeTopology (State &state) const |
| |
| virtual void | realizeModel (State &state) const |
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| virtual void | realizeInstance (const State &state) const |
| |
| virtual void | realizeTime (const State &state) const |
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| virtual void | realizePosition (const State &state) const |
| |
| virtual void | realizeVelocity (const State &state) const |
| |
| virtual void | realizeDynamics (const State &state) const |
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| virtual void | realizeAcceleration (const State &state) const |
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| virtual void | realizeReport (const State &state) const |
| |
This is the abstract base class for Custom Motion implementations.
- See also
- SimTK::Motion::Custom
| virtual Motion::Level SimTK::Motion::Custom::Implementation::getLevel |
( |
const State & |
| ) |
const |
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pure virtual |
A Motion prescribes either position, velocity, or acceleration.
When velocity is prescribed, acceleration must also be prescribed as the time derivative of the velocity. And, when position is prescribed, velocity must also be prescribed as the time derivative of the position (and acceleration as above). Thus acceleration is always prescribed. Anything not prescribed will be determined by numerical integration, by relaxation, or by discrete changes driven by events, depending on whether the associated mobilizer is "free", "fast", or "slow", respectively.
| virtual void SimTK::Motion::Custom::Implementation::calcPrescribedPositionDot |
( |
const State & |
s, |
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int |
nq, |
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Real * |
qdot |
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) |
| const |
|
virtual |
Calculate the time derivative of the prescribed positions.
The qdots calculated here must be the exact time derivatives of the q's returned by calcPrescribedPosition(). So the calculation must be limited to the same dependencies, plus the current value of this mobilizer's q's (or the cross-mobilizer transform X_FM because that depends only on those q's). Note that we are return qdots, not u's; they are not always the same. Simbody knows how to map from qdots to u's when necessary.
This operator is called during the MatterSubsystem's realize(Position) computation. This Motion's own realizePosition() method will already have been called.
| virtual void SimTK::Motion::Custom::Implementation::calcPrescribedPositionDotDot |
( |
const State & |
s, |
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int |
nq, |
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Real * |
qdotdot |
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) |
| const |
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virtual |
Calculate the 2nd time derivative of the prescribed positions.
The qdotdots calculated here must be the exact time derivatives of the qdots returned by calcPrescribedPositionDot(). So the calculation must be limited to the same dependencies, plus the current value of this mobilizer's qdots (or the cross-mobilizer velocity V_FM because that depends only on those qdots). Note that we are return qdotdots, not udots; they are not always the same. Simbody knows how to map from qdotdots to udots when necessary.
This operator is called during the MatterSubsystem's realize(Dynamics) computation. This Motion's own realizeDynamics() method will already have been called.
| virtual void SimTK::Motion::Custom::Implementation::calcPrescribedVelocityDot |
( |
const State & |
s, |
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int |
nu, |
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Real * |
udot |
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) |
| const |
|
virtual |
Calculate the time derivative of the prescribed velocity.
The udots calculated here must be the exact time derivatives of the u's returned by calcPrescribedVelocity(). So the calculation must be limited to the same dependencies, plus the current value of this mobilizer's u's (or the cross-mobilizer velocity V_FM because that depends only on those u's).
This operator is called during the MatterSubsystem's realize(Dynamics) computation. This Motion's own realizeDynamics() method will already have been called. This will not be called if the udots are known to be zero.


Croatia to hold presidential vote on Dec. 22: PM Plenkovic
ZAGREB (Reuters) - Croatia will hold its presidential election on Dec. 22, Prime Minister Andrej Plenkovic said on Thursday.
The election will pit the incumbent Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic, candidate of the ruling center-right Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), against the candidate of the Social Democrats and former prime minister Zoran Milanovic. Two independent candidates also have solid support in the polls.
The job is largely ceremonial. The president cannot veto laws but has a say in foreign policy and defense.
According to the most recent opinion poll, in the first round of the vote Grabar-Kitarovic can expect support of some 29 percent of voters, while Milanovic is second with 24 percent.
Miroslav Skoro, popular singer and largely seen as the candidate of the right-wing nationalist conservatives, came third with 17 percent and a former judge Mislav Kolakusic got 14 percent.
Altogether around a dozen people voiced their intention to run for the presidency, among them a showbiz celebrity who was also a Playboy model. They all now have to collect 10,000 signatures of citizens in the next 10 days to confirm their candidacy.
Grabar-Kitarovic’s five-year term is seen by some observers as having little policy substance domestically while often trying to promote her popularity through populist patriotic rhetoric.
She has been somewhat more concrete in foreign policy, promoting the so-called “Three Seas Initiative”, a stage for boosting political and economic ties between the European Union members in central and eastern Europe.
If no one wins an outright majority in the first round, the second round will take place on Jan. 5, 2020.
The results of the presidential election will also be an early indication of the mood among the voters ahead of the parliamentary election due to take place in late 2020.