“Then you should say what you mean," the March Hare went on.Welcome to the draft of the second chapter of my journey to write a short book on data structures and algorithms that are not widely known outside of academic circles. The first chapter discussed KHyperLogLog, an algorithm introduced by Google that is based on approximate counting techniques that can estimate certain privacy risks of very large databases using linear runtime and minimal memory. I'm looking forward to your feedback, which is greatly appreciated.
"I do," Alice hastily replied; "at least-at least I mean what I say-that's the same thing, you know."
"Not the same thing a bit!" said the Hatter. "Why, you might just as well say that 'I see what I eat' is the same thing as 'I eat what I see'!"
"You might just as well say," added the March Hare, "that 'I like what I get' is the same thing as 'I get what I like'!"
"You might just as well say," added the Dormouse, which seemed to be talking in its sleep, "that 'I breathe when I sleep' is the same thing as 'I sleep when I breathe'!"
"It is the same thing with you." said the Hatter,”
― Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland
The advent of the World Wide Web in the 1990s is a remarkable feat of engineering. In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee launched the first website and web server, along with the first web browser, WorldWideWeb. Also in the same year, Alan Emtage created the first internet search engine, Archie, marking the start of a new era in technological advancements.
The emergence of the internet brought with it unique challenges for search engines. Early search engines, including Lycos, Netscape, Yahoo, Alta Vista, and later Google, had to devise algorithms for crawling and parsing the rapidly expanding web, devise indexing methods, and create efficient search algorithms. Furthermore, they faced the challenge of building streamlined, distributed systems to handle the immense load while combating spam and ensuring the authenticity of search results.
In this chapter, we will delve into a problem specific to search engines: efficiently estimating the similarity between two sets. To begin, we will examine the Jaccard similarity coefficient. Then, we will explore minhashing, a widely used method for estimating the Jaccard similarity. In doing so, we will uncover an issue with minhashing and how Michael Mitzenmacher, Rasmus Pagh, and Ninh Pham developed a solution for it through the creation of odd sketches almost two decades later.
The history of Jaccard Similarity is both intriguing and enlightening. In the late 19th century, the United States and several European nations were focused on developing strategies for weather forecasting, particularly for storm warnings. In 1884, Sergeant John Finley of the U.S. Army Signal Corps conducted experiments aimed at creating a tornado forecasting program for 18 regions in the United States east of the Rockies. To the surprise of many, Finley claimed his programs were 95.6% to 98.6% accurate, with some areas even achieving a 100% accuracy rate. Upon publishing his findings, Finley's methods were criticized by contemporaries who pointed out flaws in his verification strategies and proposed their solutions. This sparked a renewed interest in weather prediction, which is now referred to as the "Finley Affair."
One of these contemporaries was Grove Karl Gilbert. Just two months after Finley's publication, Gilbert pointed out that, based on Finley's strategy, a 98.2% accuracy rate could be achieved simply by forecasting no tornado warning. Gilbert then introduced an alternative strategy, which is now known as Jaccard Similarity.
So why is it named Jaccard Similarity? As it turns out, nearly three decades after Sergeant John Finley's tornado forecasting program in the 1880s, Paul Jaccard independently developed the same concept while studying the distribution of alpine flora:
The ratio of the number of species common to two districts (T and D for example) to the total number of species collected in the two districts together (T + D), i.e., their coefficient of community, varies in the three cases given in the table between 50 and 60 per cent.
Thus in spite of their proximity and the similarity of their ecological conditions, the florulae of our three districts possess very different compositions, and the comparative study of these (Number of species common to the two districts X 100)/(Total number of species in the two districts florulae) shows that a great number of common species with a distribution through the entire chain of the Central Alps are actually absent over considerable stretches of country, while the conditions apparently capable of assuring their existence are everywhere realised.
More formally, Jaccard Similarity is defined as the ratio of the cardinality of the intersection of two sets, \( A \) and \( B \), to the cardinality of their union, that is, \( |A \cap B| / |A \cup B| \). When the two sets are identical, the Jaccard Similarity is one, but when they are completely disjoint, it is zero.
What is the time and space complexity of computing this coefficient? Well, if we assume that the size of \( A \) and \( B \) are the same (say \( n \)), we can start by inserting all the elements of \( B \) in a binary search tree-like representation. Then, for each element in \( A \), we can search for that element inside \( B \)’s binary search tree in \(O(\log n)\) time. If an element is found, we increment the intersection and union count by 1, else we only increment the union count by 2. Such an approach can produce an \(O(n \log n)\) time complexity with an \(O(n)\) space complexity. We can certainly do better by inserting the elements of B in a hash table.
However, it becomes evident that for large enough values of \(n\), these methods may not be feasible. This is where the motivation for finding an approximation of the Jaccard Similarity arises. Minhashing is one such technique.
Before the public release of Alta Vista in 1995, its engineers encountered a problem: the search engine was producing highly repetitive results, with the same answers being repeated multiple times. Apparently, this was a significant issue when searching for UNIX manual pages, as back then, tools were used to convert UNIX manual pages into web pages, and these pages often included the institution name and current date, creating multiple copies of the same manual page within the corpus. As these duplicates did not add any value to the user beyond the first copy, they had to be removed from the search results.
To do this, they needed a hashing technique that could flag near-duplicate web pages at scale. What they came up with is a variant of locality-sensitive hashing, which we today know as minhashing. In this section, we are going to look into minhashing in more detail. At a high level, visualize it as a distance measure that estimates the similarity between a pair of documents.
To better understand minhashing, let us examine a characteristic matrix, which provides a visual representation of a collection of sets. For example, with four sets \( S1=\{a, b, d\} \), \( S2=\{c, d, e\} \), \( S3=\{a\} \), and \( S4=\{b, c, d, e\} \), the characteristic matrix would appear as follows:
Due to the sparse nature of these matrices, they are not efficient for data storage. However, they will play an important role in visualizing the minhashing technique.
To compute the minhash value of a set (denoted as \(h\)), we start by selecting a random permutation of the rows in the characteristic matrix. For example, a random permutation of \(\{a, b, c, d, e\}\) might be \(\{b, d, e, c, a\}\). The minhash value of a set \(S\) is then determined by the position of the first row in the permuted order in which the corresponding column has a value of 1.
For instance, if we consider the characteristic matrix shown above, the minhash values for the sets would be:
By using multiple permutations (typically 100 or more), we can create multiple hash signatures for each column. For instance, if we extend the previous example with three permutations, the hash signatures would look something like the following:
In this manner, we generate a signature matrix that summarizes the minhash values for all our random permutations. We can then estimate the similarity of any two sets by calculating the Jaccard similarity of their respective columns in the signature matrix. For instance, the similarity of sets \(S_2\) and \(S_4\) is estimated to be \(2/3\) or 0.67, as the second and the third permutations have the same hash signature, however, the first one differs. Moreover, if we examine the characteristic matrix, we see that the actual Jaccard similarity between \(S_2\) and \(S_4\) is 0.75. Considering that we only used 3 permutations, 0.67 is a reasonable approximation.
A common question that arises at this stage is, why use random permutations? Why is the minhash value of a set equivalent to the number of the first row in the permuted order? It turns out, for a given random permutation, the probability of the minhash function producing the same value for two sets is equal to the Jaccard similarity of those sets.
This surprising result can be explained as follows:
For any two sets \(S_i\) and \(S_j\), the characteristic matrix has three types of rows:
The total number of rows is \( x + y + z \), and the Jaccard similarity of \( S_i \) and \( S_j \) is \( x/(x+y) \), as \(x\) represents the size of the intersection of \( S_i \) and \(S_j\), and \( x + y \) represents the size of the union of \( S_i \) and \( S_j \).
For a random permutation, if we proceed from the top, the probability that we encounter a row with 1 in both columns is \( x/(x+y) \), which is equal to the Jaccard similarity of \( S_i \) and \( S_j \). On the other hand, if we encounter a row with 1 in one column and 0 in another, the minhash values for \( S_i \) and \( S_j \) will differ. Hence, the probability that the minhash function produces the same value for two sets equals the Jaccard similarity of those sets.
While the minhashing technique is conceptually sound, it becomes impractical when applied to a large characteristic matrix, such as one with a billion rows. Generating a random permutation for such a matrix can be time-consuming and accessing rows in the permuted order can cause thrashing.
To address these issues, it's recommended to simulate the effect of \( n \) random permutations using \( n \) random hash functions \((h_1, h_2, … h_n)\). These hash functions should map the row numbers (from 1 to \(k\)) to bucket numbers within the same range (1 to \(k\)) with minimal collisions. This is achievable if the range \(k\) is large enough.
The signature matrix consists of \( n \) rows and the same number of columns as the characteristic matrix. To construct such a matrix, we process each row, \( r \), as follows:
An example of this construction is shown in Figure 4.
Additionally, to further increase efficiency, one can consider only the first \(m\) rows out of \(k\). The computation can also be made parallel by dividing the \(k\) rows into \(p\) sections, parallelly computing signature matrices for each section, and taking their average. For those interested in exploring these methods in more detail, we recommend reading sections 3.3.6 and 3.3.7 of the "Mining of Massive Datasets" textbook.
To improve the space efficiency of minhashing, Ping Li and Arnd König developed a popular variant known as \(b\)-bit minhashing, where instead of storing \(b=64\) or \(b=32\) bits for each integer in the signature matrix, we would store only the lowest \(b\) bits. The intuition is that the same hash values would give the same lowest \(b\) bits, whereas the different hash values would give different lowest \(b\) bits with a probability of \(1 - 1/2^b\).
We can calculate this probability by first noting that the probability of the lowest 1 bit having the same value is \(1/2\). Moreover, the probability of the lowest 2 bits having the same values is \(1/4\) or \(1/2^2\). Therefore, the probability of the lowest \(b\) bits having the same value would be \(1/2^b\), and for them to be different, the probability would have to be \(1 - 1/2^b\).
However, Mitzenmacher, Pagh, and Pham showed that when the Jaccard similarity is high, this \(b\)-bit minhashing scheme would offer less information than it might be able to. For instance, if the similarity estimate from the \(b\)-bits gives a perfect 1 (i.e. all of the lower bits are identical), we cannot be too confident that the Jaccard similarity is exactly 1. Even a difference of a few flipped bits in the upper bits can lead to very different conclusions for \(J = 1\), especially so when the lower bits are highly correlated. Such precision is especially important when ranking the most similar documents out of hundreds of thousands of documents based on their Jaccard similarity coefficient.
So how do we do this? How do we keep the niceties of minhashing intact, while also reducing the space complexity and increasing the accuracy when estimating sets of high similarity? As it turns out, odd sketches is just the solution for this.
Streaming algorithms handle large data streams by using a compact data structure called a sketch. These sketches summarize the data while consuming much less memory than what would be theoretically required to store all the data. An example of a sketch is the HyperLogLog data structure introduced in Chapter 1.
An odd sketch is also a sketch that is constructed using the minhashes of a particular set. It consists of a bit vector of size \(n > 2\) bits which is initialized with zeros.
Assume that we have a column of a signature matrix (\(S\)) that represents the minhash of a particular set in the matrix. Then, the construction of an odd sketch would be as follows:
Extending the example seen before, an odd sketch construction would appear as follows:
In practice, \(n\) would be much smaller than a signature matrix column's size. After constructing two odd sketches, we can estimate their Jaccard similarity using the following equation: \[ 1 + \frac{n}{4k} \ln \left( 1 - \frac{2 |odd(S_1) \Delta odd(S_2)|}{n} \right) \]
Here, \(k\) denotes the number of independent permutations used during minhashing, and \( odd(S_i) \) represents the odd sketch of a signature matrix column. Additionally, \( odd(S_1) \Delta odd(S_2) \) counts the number of 1s that occur after obtaining the symmetric set difference of the odd sketches of \( S_1 \) and \( S_2 \). It is essential to note that this symmetric set difference is for a multiset. Using this equation, the Jaccard Similarity for the previous example would be:
Although Odd Sketches offer more accurate Jaccard similarity estimates over \(b\)-bit minhashing, there is a small hiccup: in practice, they require more permutations but less storage space than the original minwise hashing scheme. As we discussed in the minhashing section, permutations can be costly. To get the best of both worlds, it's recommended to combine the concepts of minhashing without permutations with odd sketches.
Additionally, we haven't delved into the derivation of the Jaccard similarity estimate. It involves Probability Theory and Statistics, but the Appendix breaks down most of the math behind Odd Sketches in a simpler way for curious readers.
In conclusion, Odd Sketches provide a more accurate Jaccard similarity estimate over \(b\)-bit minhashing while also significantly improving the space complexity over standard minhashing techniques.
To estimate the size of a column of a signature matrix, which is essentially the number of permutations, we can use the following formula once we have constructed an odd sketch: \[ \frac{-n}{2} \ln(1 - 2z/n) \]
This formula proves to be useful for estimating the Jaccard similarity from odd sketches, as we will see. Here, \(n\) is the size of the odd sketch, and \(z\) is the number of bits with a value of 1.
The derivation of this formula may seem unexpected, so let us delve into how we arrived at it. Suppose that the size of the column of a signature matrix is \(m\), and the size of its corresponding odd sketch is \(n\). Since we used a fully random hash function in the construction, we can think of the process of building our odd sketch as tossing \(m\) balls independently into \(n\) bins. To estimate the size of \(m\), we can use the standard Poisson approximation to the balls-and-bins model.
A discrete random variable \(X\) is said to have a Poisson distribution with parameter \( \mu > 0 \), if its probability mass function is given by: \[ \text{Pr}(X=r) = \frac{\mu^r e^{-\mu}}{r!} \]
To understand this, let's first find the expected fraction of bins with \(r\) balls for any constant \(r\). Let \(X_i\) be a random variable that is 1 when the \(i^{\text{th}}\) bin has \(r\) balls and 0 otherwise. By linearity of expectations, we have: \[ E[X] = E[\sum_{i=1}^{n} X_i] = \sum_{i=1}^{n} E[X_i] \]
The probability that a given bin has \(r\) balls is given by: \[ \binom{m}{r} \left(\frac{1}{n}\right)^r \left( 1 - \frac{1}{n} \right)^{m-r} \]
Here, \( \binom{m}{r} \) indicates that there are \( \binom{m}{r} \) distinct sets of \(r\) balls, \( \left(\frac{1}{n}\right)^r \) indicates that for any set of \(r\) balls, the probability that it lands in this bin is \( \left(\frac{1}{n}\right)^r \), and \( \left( 1 - \frac{1}{n} \right)^{m-r} \) is the probability that it lands in one of the other bins.
Expanding the binomial coefficient on the left side and approximating the right side using Taylor expansion , we get approximately: \[ \frac{1}{r!}\left(\frac{m}{n}\right)^r e^{-m/n} \]
Substituting \( \mu = m/n \), gives the Poisson distribution. The probability that the random variable \(X\) is odd, denoted as \(p\), can be expressed as: \[ \sum_{r\: \text{odd}} \frac{\mu^r e^{-\mu}}{r!} = e^{-\mu} \sum_{r\: \text{odd}} \frac{\mu^r}{r!} = e^{-\mu} \left(\frac{e^{\mu} - e^{-\mu}}{2} \right) = \frac{1 - e^{-2u}}{2} \]
The expansion of \(\mu^r/r!\) can be understood by observing the relationship between hyperbolic functions and the exponential function .
Consider a setting where the number of balls is independently Poisson distributed in each bin with \( \mu = m/n \). Let \( Y_i \) be the parity of the number of balls that land in the \( i^\text{th} \) bin, and let \( Y = \sum_{i=1}^n Y_i \) be the number of bins with an odd number of balls. Then, the expected value of \(Y\) can be expressed as: \[ E[Y] = np = n \left( \frac{1 - e^{-2m/n}}{2} \right) \]
We can approximate \(E[Y]\) to be \(z\), where \(z\) is the number of bins with an odd number of balls in the sketch. Substituting this value into the previous equation, we obtain: \[ m’ = \frac{-n}{2} \ln(1 - 2z/n) \]
Note that to understand the math presented in this section, Michael Mitzenmacher and Eli Upfal's textbook on Probability and Computing can be helpful.
For Jaccard Similarity \(J\) and two minhashes \(S_1\), \(S_2\), we can use the formula of \(J\) to determine that \(J = |S_1 \cap S_2|/|S_1 \cup S_2| = |S_1 \cap S_2|/n\). This means that \( |S_1 \cap S_2| = Jn\). Additionally, we can see that \(|S_1 \Delta S_2| = 2(1-J)n\), which represents the white space of the two sets.
If we assume that \(k\) is the number of independent permutations, then we can reformulate the equation as \(|S_1 \Delta S_2| = 2(1-J)k\). This is because the number of independent permutations equals the size of the column of a signature matrix.
Using the equation mentioned in the previous section, we can estimate the set size of \( S_1 \Delta S_2\) as \[|S_1 \Delta S_2| = \frac{-n}{2} \ln(1 - 2|odd(S_1) \Delta odd(S_2)|/n) \] As mentioned in the Odd Sketches section, \(|odd(S_1) \Delta odd(S_2)|\) counts the number of 1s that occur after obtaining the symmetric set difference of the odd sketches of \( S_1 \) and \( S_2 \).
Now substituting \(|S_1 \Delta S_2|\) with \(|S_1 \Delta S_2| = 2(1-J)k\), we can observe that \[ \frac{-n}{2} \ln(1 - 2|odd(S_1) \Delta odd(S_2)|/n) = 2(1-J)k \] \[ \frac{-n}{4k} \ln(1 - 2|odd(S_1) \Delta odd(S_2)|/n) = 1-J \] \[ J = 1 + \frac{n}{4k} \ln \left( 1 - \frac{2 |odd(S_1) \Delta odd(S_2)|}{n} \right) \]


Thank you for your interest in participating in the Javascript programming study. Based on your programming experience, we do not have space for you to participate in this study.


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KOTARO ABE
is a Japanese designer currently based in Singapore.
DESIGN ACTIVATION
blog
---------------
/// CONTACT ///
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Resume (PDF)
---------------
/// RESEARCH FIELDS ///
Critical Design, Interaction Design, Design Research
---------------
/// WORK EXPERIENCE ///
2018-
UX Design/ Engineer | Stuck Design, Singapore.
2016
Design Research Internship | Takram, Japan.
2016-
Freelance Designer | Interaction / Exhibition / Web / Graphic
2015
Assistant Researcher | Keio University SFC, Japan.
---------------
/// EDUCATION ///
2017
MA | MA Design Interactions, Royal College of Art, United Kingdom.
2015
BA | Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Japan.
---------------
/// AWARDS ///
"Wood Pencil," D&AD 2017
"2nd Prize," Bloomberg London Divider Competition
"Finalist," WIRED Japan Creative Hack Award, 2016
"Selected art work," ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2013
"Grand Prix," The 20th International Collegiate Virtual Reality Contest 2012
---------------
/// SELECTED EXHIBITIONS ///
"We Want More SUNLIGHT," The Show 2017, London, 2017
"Scenes Unseen," London Design Festival 2016, London, 2016
"SPIN," Sonar 2016, Barcelona, Spain, 2016
"#dearLondon," The Language of London, KK Outlet, London, United Kingdom, 2016
"unsettled," Ars Electronica Festival, Linz, Austria, 2014
"unsettled," NTT ICC Open Space 2014, Tokyo, Japan, 2014
"Perch on My Arm!," NTT ICC Open Space 2014, Tokyo, Japan, 2014
"Lines," NTT ICC Open Space 2014, Tokyo, Japan, 2014
"Ambient Camera: Who released the shutter?," ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA Art Gallery 2013, Hong Kong, 2013
"Perch on My Arm!," Laval Virtual 2013, Laval, France, 2013


[1]
None except Cheap; Ridiculous map update policy
[2]
best buy ever; none at this time
[3]
low online price, compact size; no ac adapter included


(Original FAQ by eighthjouster. Contributions welcome.)
- What is JSCause?
- What does JSCause mean?
- What can I use JSCause for?
- Why would I use JSCause? Aren’t there better tools for its intended use?
- Is JSCause a toy or a joke application?
- Can I use JSCause on Windows/macOS/OS X/Linux?
- Is JCause ready for production?
- Is JSCause secure/safe to use?
- How fast is JSCause?
- Can I use databases with JSCause?
- Can JSCause handle Ajax requests?
- Can I use Node modules with JSCause?
- Can JSCause work with React/Vue/my favorite front-end framework?
- Does JSCause support Typescript?
- Does JSCause support Webassembly?
- How does JSCause compare with other frameworks like Express?
- Why does the browser complain about security when accessing a JSCause site during development?
- Why doesn’t JSCause complain when a certificate or key file is invalid?
site.json
accepts a hostName that could already be used in another site’s json. Is this a bug?- JSCause says a file does not exist, but I can see it in the file system. Why?

- Did you ever stop to think whether you should do this project just because you could?
- Do you like Javascript? Are you a masochist?
- Are you trying to replace PHP as the worst backend language ever?
- How can you sleep at night?
- Should I keep reading this silly FAQ?
- My question is not answered here. How can I get help?
- How can I contribute to JSCause?
What is JSCause?
It’s a NodeJS application framework intended for building simple dynamic websites using Javascript on the server side.
What does JSCause mean?
It doesn’t mean anything deep. It’s just “Javascript Cause”, pronounced J-S-Cause. Our “Cause” is to bring back the joy of coding in Javascript without the need of complicated setups. Node and JSCause is all you need. No NPM, no Webpack (unless you want to), no Express, and no complicated configurations.
What can I use JSCause for?
JSCause is intended to for developers who want to build simple websites with some dynamic features (e.g. quizzes, small blogs, text-based games) and who also like the idea of using Javascript on the server side (as opposed to, say Java, PHP, Python, Perl, Ruby, etc.)
It’s also the gateway to NodeJS applications. Perhaps you don’t know much about NodeJS. JSCause allows you to dip your toes in the water.
Why would I use JSCause? Aren’t there better tools for its intended use?
For a static site, you could just use Apache and Nginx. But as soon as you need something dynamic content, then configuring these can be kind of involved (though admittedly you just have to do it once.)
For complex sites, other languages and tools can be more appropiate - say, Java, Perl, PHP or Ruby. Or even NodeJS, with Express and NPM, Webpack, etc.
However, if you’re looking to build a simple website, then those solutions can be a bit overkill. JSCause is a nice bridge between both static, simple websites, and complex ones. You can start with a static site, and as soon as you’re ready to add some dynamic elements to it, you can just jump right in with minimal fuss.
Also, JSCause can be a great prototyping tool. Put something together quickly, then as soon as it picks up steam or proves its worth, use other tools in order to take it to the next level.
Finally, JSCause was design to be simple and fun to work with. If you want to tinker with making a website and want a tool that doesn’t get in the way, then JSCause is right for you!
Is JSCause a toy or a joke application?
JSCause started not as a joke, but more as a “what if?” project. It’s far from perfect, far from complete, so it can look as a toy compared to other more powerful tools. But it’s aimed to serve a purpose and to serve it well.
Can I use JSCause on Windows/macOS/OS X/Linux?
JSCause is available on any platform supported by NodeJS, including Windows, macOS and Linux.
Is JCause ready for production?
Not yet. When JSCause reaches version 1.0 then yes, it will be ready for production. But there are quite a lot of things to implement and fix in order to get there.
Versions prior to 1.0 of JSCause are intended for testing, and perhaps readying applications for when version 1.0 is available. Use at your own risk.
Is JSCause secure/safe to use?
When developing JSCause, we’ve put great care to avoid many forms of pitfalls and vulnerabilities. But we can’t guarantee that JSCause is bug-free, therefore we can’t guarantee that it won’t affect your system due to some hidden flaw its internal code. We will reassess this stance once we reach version 1.0.
How fast is JSCause?
JSCause runs on top of NodeJS, and programs written for it are precompiled when they start, just like any other NodeJS application. Since NodeJS uses a modern Javascript engine, one can say that a JSCause application can be quite fast. However, speed will ultimately depend on the type of application written, and the quality of the code.
Can I use databases with JSCause?
JSCause does not have a built-in mechanism to handle databases just yet. This will come in a future version (1.0 or earlier), which will primarily focus on MySQL/MariaDB. Meanwhile, feel free to use any of the available npm packages, such as mysql, mysql2 or mariadb.
Can JSCause handle Ajax requests?
Yes, it can. The easiest way to do it is by using JSON as a response via rt.printJSON()
. The documentation has more information about rt.printJSON()
, but here is an example:
rt.printJSON({ randomNumber: `${Math.random()}` });
Notice that multiple rt.printJSON()
in the same program will not output chained JSON objects. Only the last JSON object output will be sent as a response.
Another way would involve manually setting the Content-Type
header to application/json
, then composing the JSON content just like one would with HTML. For example:
<js rt.header('Content-Type', 'application/json'); /js>
{
"randomNumber": "<js= Math.random() /js>"
}
Here are two more ways involving the use rt.unsafePrint()
(however, this is not recommended - use this if you really know what you’re doing):
rt.header('Content-Type', 'application/json');
rt.unsafePrint('{"randomNumber": "' + Math.random() + '"}');
And:
rt.header('Content-Type', 'application/json');
rt.unsafePrint(JSON.stringify({ randomNumber: `${Math.random()}` }));
Can I use Node modules with JSCause?
Yes, you can.
Can JSCause work with React/Vue/my favorite front-end framework?
Yes, it can. Given that those frameworks’ files must be delivered to the browser, this can be done via JSCause.
Now, if you plan on using the frameworks’ built-in development web servers, you may need to tweak your development environment so it can coexist with JSCause.
Does JSCause support Typescript?
Not officially. We haven’t tried this yet, but it shouldn’t be too hard to incorporate the Typescript compiler into your workflow. As static front-end assets, JSCause should be able to serve the resulting compiled Javascript without issue.
As part of a JSCP
program, it may be tricky (or may not - again, we haven’t tried it yet.) Typescript doesn’t support the <js ... /js>
block notation, you may need to arrange your sources so that the Typescript code is isolated from the JSCP code.
Does JSCause support Webassembly?
Not officially. We haven’t tried using Webassembly with JSCause. But it shouldn’t be too difficult to deliver Webassembly binaries to the web browser as static resources with JSCause.
How does JSCause compare with other frameworks like Express?
JSCause is very early in the game, so we don’t have all the information for different comparison metrics.
In terms of performance, we haven’t run the numbers yet. You’re welcome to give it a try, though - and please share!
In terms of use cases, Express and other frameworks have a wide range of use cases, from the development of web applications, to API providers and, of course, regular web sites.
JSCause focuses on the easy development of simple websites. It can serve as a tool for rapid prototyping. It can be used as a web dev basics teaching tool. And of course, it can serve as a platform to develop basic websites with minimal fuss.
In order to use Express and similar frameworks, you must install NodeJS and be familiar with it. You must use npm. And you must learn how to use Express, which can have a bit of a learning curve, depending on your web development experience. Granted, many frameworks including Express allow you to serve static files, just like with JSCause. But it involves a bit of setting up.
With JSCause, in turn, you must install NodeJS, and you must install the JSCause package, which can be a simply as uncompressing a zip file somewhere in your computer’s file system. That’s it. You can use the example site provided with the JSCause package as a starting point.
In the end, we used Express above to illustrate a point as to why you may want to use JSCause (and to answer this question). But it may be that Express, and frameworks similar to it, may be the right tool for your project; especially if it involves complex specifications. Always strive to use the right tool for the job.
Why does the browser complain about security when accessing a JSCause site during development?
When accessing a JSCause site in a development environment via web, the browser may initially display a security warning message to the visitor before displaying the page. Depending on the browser, the message may say that there is a “Potential Security Risk Ahead” (like Firefox) or that “Your connection is not private” (like Chrome.) This is because the site is being accessed via HTTPS, and JSCause is using a self-signed SSL certificate when establishing the connection.
Modern browsers will always warn visitors when a website is using a self-signed SSL certificate. In a production environment, you must provide a certificate created by a Certificate Authority (such as Comodo/Sectigo, RapidSSL, Symantec, or the free LetsEncrypt.org.) Otherwise your visitors will get a warning, and rightly so.
In a development environment, though, the warning can be safely ignored and bypassed.
Learn about how to set up your SSL certificates in JSCause when configuring your website’s details in the documentation (namely, the httpsCertFile
and httpsKeyFile
configuration attributes.)
Why doesn’t JSCause complain when a certificate or key file is invalid?
You may have configured the site as HTTP, not HTTPS. When the site is configured as HTTP, JSCause will ignore these files.
If the site is indeed HTTPS, then another reason could be that it’s sharing the port with another, correctly configured HTTPS site. In this case, the browser will alert the end users about the misconfiguration.
site.json
accepts a hostName that could already be used in another site’s site.json. Is this a bug?
This is fine as long as both sites use different ports.
JSCause says a file does not exist, but I can see it in the file system. Why?
It may be a broken symlink that doesn’t point to a valid file anymore. Also, check the spelling and the case-sensitivity. For example, if your file is named newPage.jscp
, make sure you’re typing it as is in the web client; NEWPAGE.JSCP
, newpage.jscp
, NewPage.jscp
, etc, won’t work.
Also, for now, whenever you add a new file, or rename/move it, restart JSCause so it picks it up. And make sure that it’s stored inside the website
directory.

Oh, because it’s Javascript? Look, JSCause was born out of a specific necessity. A lot of people complain about how web development has become this weird mess of libraries, configuring tools, building tools, minifiers, and loaders.
A lot of other people are trying to tackle this issue in different ways. JSCause is just one of these ways. Is it the smartest one? Far from it. But if some developers find it useful, then perhaps the idea may not be as dumb as it sounds.

I don’t like that phrase; it’s so overused. Can’t someone build something just because it’s fun? Because it’s interesting? Because they might think it could be useful?
So, no, I never stopped to think that. I thought “huh, has this ever been attempted? Why yes, it has been attempted before. Regardless, let’s give this a try; it sounds like a cool way to spend time.”
Do you like Javascript? Are you a masochist?
I absolutely love Javascript. It has its quirks, but it’s such a fun language to work on. I also love Perl and C, as in I love coding in them. I am competent in other programming languages (Java, Perl 5/7), but nothing beats the fun that is coding in Javascript. That doesn’t mean I like its modern ecosystem, though. Hence the idea of JSCause.

PHP has a bad rap, but I’ve heard it has improved significantly over the years, so maybe the rap is now unfair? But I digress. To answer your question, nah. I just wanted to build something fun and useful. It’s far from perfect, but believe it or not, a lot of thought was put in important aspects such as consistency, security, discoverability, modularity and readability.
How can you sleep at night?
Sometimes I ask myself the same thing.
Should I keep reading this silly FAQ?
There are two more questions left below, so… you may as well.
How can I contribute to JSCause?
The code for the JSCause project is hosted on Github: https://github.com/eighthjouster/jscause/
Feel free to submit a pull request, report bugs, or contact the maintainers for feedback, questions and suggestions.
My question is not answered here. How can I get help?
If you’d like to report a bug or issue with JSCause, please open a ticket on our Github repository: https://github.com/eighthjouster/jscause/
You can also send us an e-mail. Find out more at the About page.


#include '/WEB-INF/templates/mxcommon/header.html'>
<#list cms as cm>
| ${cm.title} |
|
<#list cm.scs as sc>
| ${sc.title} |
<#assign n=sc.news.size()>
<#assign size=(n/4)?ceiling >
<#list 1..size as s>
<#list sc.news as sn>
<#if (sn_index<(4*s)&&(sn_index>=(4*(s-1))))>
| ${sn.title}
|
#if>
#list>
#list>
|
#list>
#list>
<#include '/WEB-INF/templates/mxcommon/footer.html'>


Protesters spill back onto bridge in Iraq capital
Sit-ins have become the go-to tactic for the regime change movement that erupted in early October, with a general strike annnounced by activists for Sunday.
Anti-government demonstrators spread to a second bridge in the Iraqi capital Saturday after security forces retreated from a key area where they had clashed with protesters, AFP correspondents said.
Sit-ins have become the go-to tactic for the regime change movement that erupted in early October, with a general strike annnounced by activists for Sunday.
Protesters have occupied Baghdad's Tahrir (Liberation) Square since October 24, spilling over onto four bridges crossing the river Tigris.
The bridges link east Baghdad to the city's west, including the Green Zone where the prime minister's office, parliament and foreign embassies are based.
Security forces retook three of those bridges and nearby districts more than two weeks ago, pinning the protesters back in Tahrir and on Al-Jumhuriyah bridge with volleys of tear gas, live ammunition and even machine-gun fire.
On Saturday morning, Iraqi units pulled back from some of those areas and crowds of protesters chased them down, resuming their sit-in at the mouth of Al-Sinek bridge.
"The security forces withdrew to another concrete barrier on Al-Sinek," one protester told AFP.
An elderly woman, who had travelled from the southern port city of Basra to join the rallies, cheered in support.
"You didn't just lose us, you lost all of Iraq!" she said, addressing Prime Minister Adel Abdel Mahdi.
 Tonight, we'll be in the Green Zone," she said.
Dozens climbed up into a large parking complex near the bridge, unfurling a sign in support of demonstrators in nearby Tahrir.
Others set up checkpoints around Tahrir, the morning after a bomb blast that shook the protesters.
On Friday night, at least one person was killed and more than a dozen wounded in Tahrir when explosives beneath a parked car detonated, Iraq's state security forces said.
Small clusters of men deployed around the square to search all those entering it throughout the day on Saturday.
"We had a security breach yesterday and this explosion happened," said Abu Karrar al-Basrawi, a middle-aged man from Basra volunteering for the search.
"But we've multiplied our checkpoints so it doesn't happen again," he told AFP.
Activists and medics have described a climate of fear setting in around Tahrir, saying that anonymous threats, kidnappings and even killings are an attempt to snuff out the movement.
Late on Friday, activist Adnan Rustum was shot dead near his home in Baghdad, his relatives said.
And on Saturday, a person died of wounds sustained the previous day in protests in the southern city of Nasiriyah.
More than 330 people have been killed since the protests erupted in October and over 15,000 have been wounded, but officials are not releasing updated or precise figures.


Built by Spencer Stanley and Davi Schumacher, datacomehome aims to showcase tournament data in novel and accessible ways. Using matches played at major and supermajor tournaments in 2017, we've created a series of visualizations designed both as tools for the end user and as our own explorations into the available information.
"datacomehome" is a play on Spencer's smash tag, "nanacomehome," so named because of its original conception as his ongoing personal project to aggregate, present, and analyze Super Smash Bros. Melee data.


Ethan Ericksons T1A08-Javascript-Events
Click me for the time and date
Click here for a True Statement.
Mouse over me!
Click here to find if the ALT key was Pressed.
Click here to find which mouse button you used


Manager
-
Bob Pancake 280
-
Office Number: 89
Manager
-
Susie Que 007
-
Office Number: 90
Engineer
-
Hailey Thomas 69
-
GitHub: HaileyThomas
Engineer
-
John Smith 009
-
GitHub: JohnSmith
Engineer
-
Hello Kitty 960
-
GitHub: HelloKTTY
Engineer
-
Han Solo 289
-
GitHub: HanSolo
Intern
-
Harry Potter 290
-
School: Hogwarts
Intern
-
Dr. Evil 459
-
School: School of Evil
Intern
-
Jack Lantern 799
-
School: Halloween High


MAIN, stored procedures and,
238
Manageability, data warehousing and,
86
Management by exception capability,
73
Microsoft Cluster Server support,
40
Mobile synchronization servers,
38
Multidimensional data clustering,
43
Multidimensional database,
13
Multiple-answer questions, in IBM Certification exam,
25,
25


6.9
domestic | energy | energy performance certificates | 2010
Every
building
must be designed and
constructed
in such a way that:
(a) an energy performance certificate for the
building
is affixed
to the
building
; and
(c) the energy performance certificate is displayed in a
prominent place within the
building
.
Limitation:
(a)
This standard does not apply to
buildings
which do not use fuel or
power for controlling the temperature of the internal environment;
(b)
this standard does not apply to non-
domestic buildings
and
buildings
that are ancillary to a
dwelling
that are
stand-alone
having an area less than 50 square metres;
(c)
this standard does not apply to
conversions
, alterations and
extensions to
buildings
other than alterations and extensions to
stand-alone buildings
having an area less than 50 square metres
that would increase the area to 50 square metres or more, or
alterations to
buildings
involving the fit-out of the shell which the
subject of a continuing requirement;
(d)
this standard does not apply to
limited life buildings
which have an
intended life of less than 2 years;
(e)
Standard 6.9(c) only applies to
buildings
with a floor area of more
than 1000 square metres, which are occupied by public authorities
and institutions providing public services, which can be visited by
the public.
* Standard 6.9(b) removed by the
Building (Scotland) Amendment
6.9.0 Introduction
Article 7 of EU Directive
(
2002/91/EC
)
on the energy performance of
buildings
requires
energy performance certificates
(EPCs) to be made
available to prospective owners and tenants when
dwellings
are
constructed
.
Standard 6.9 achieves this by making EPCs fixtures within
buildings
.
Scottish Ministers have directed local authorities to apply standard 6.9 to all
The direction limits the description of the
buildings
to which it applies to those
that are being sold or rented out. The
Energy Performance of Buildings
(Scotland) Regulations 2008
place a duty on owners to make EPCs available
to prospective buyers and tenants.
Guidance leaflets are available on the BSD website explaining the action that
building
owners need to take in order to comply.
Guidance leaflets are available on the Building Standards Division website
explaining the action that
building
owners need to take in order to comply.
In the case of
conversions
, as specified in regulation 4, standard 6.9 does not
apply.
6.9
—
6.9.0
domestic | energy | energy performance certificates | 2010
6.9.1 Calculating the carbon dioxide emissions for a certificate
The EU Directive allows energy performance to be reflected in one or more
numeric indicators. For this to be done in a transparent manner that is
meaningful in terms of Scottish building regulations, the measure to be used
is carbon dioxide.
Simplified approach
The certification must be carried out using the Directive compliant
methodology and the calculation tool which was used to assess compliance
with standard 6.1. In most cases
SAP 2009
will have been used for the new
dwelling.
However if the simplified approach referred to in clause 6.1.6 has
been adopted for the new
dwelling,
the
construction
specification is well
enough defined to allow the certificate to be generated using the simplified
approach embedded in SAP software.
Use of actual values
For the purpose of establishing a rating for the
energy performance certificate
for a new
dwelling,
the values and specifications used to obtain a building
warrant (as varied by any subsequent amendments to warrant) should be
adopted. Where a
domestic building
contains multiple
dwellings,
a rating is
required for each individual
dwelling.
However for certification purposes the
rating may be recalculated with the percentage of low energy lighting and the
type of heating as installed. Note, there will be no need to assume 10%
electric secondary heating if secondary heating is not present.
Non-domestic use
within
dwellings
professional or business capacity should be considered as a part of the
6.9.2 Information to be provided for
dwellings
The
energy performance certificate
must display the following information:
•
the postal address of the
building
for which the certificate is issued;
•
the name of the approved organisation issuing the certificate (if applicable)
and may include the member's membership number;
•
the date of the certificate;
•
the calculation tool used for certification;
•
a specific indication of current CO
2
emissions and an indication of
potential emissions;
•
a seven band scale representing the following bands of carbon dioxide
emissions; A, B, C, D, E, F and G, where A = excellent and G = very poor;
•
the approximate energy use expressed in kWh per m
2
of floor area per
annum; and
•
a list of cost-effective improvements (lower cost measures).
building
type;
•
the conditioned floor area of the
dwelling
;
•
the main type of heating and fuel; and
•
a statement to the effect of 'N.B. THIS CERTIFICATE MUST BE AFFIXED
TO THE BUILDING AND NOT BE REMOVED UNLESS IT IS REPLACED
WITH AN UPDATED VERSION'.
A model form for an
energy performance certificate
for a
dwelling
is given on
6.9.1
—
6.9.2
domestic | energy | energy performance certificates | 2010
Cost-effective
improvements
There are only limited cost-effective, low-cost, energy efficiency
proposed) such as upgrade insulation in an accessible
roof space
or fit low
energy lamps throughout the
dwelling
. Measures presented on the certificate
must meet Scottish building regulations, should be technically feasible and
specific to the individual
dwelling.
Additional advice
A piece of advice that is worthwhile including is that a
conservatory
(where
one is installed) is only an energy efficiency benefit to the
dwelling
if it
remains unheated and is not mechanically cooled. Certificates may give
additional advice on projected energy costs and improvements that are
cost-effective only when additional
work
is being carried out e.g. providing
insulation when replacing
flat roof
coverings. Some experts providing
certificates may wish to add extra value and give additional advice to their
clients on improvements that are aspirational (e.g. photovoltaics). All of this is
welcome, but in every case, such information should only be provided as an
appendix to the certificate and be accompanied by advice on relevant
warrants and building regulations.
6.9.3 Location of an energy performance certificate
The
energy performance certificate
should be indelibly marked and located in
a position that is readily accessible, protected from weather and not easily
obscured. A suitable location could be in a cupboard containing the gas or
electricity meter or the water supply stopcock.
6.9.4
Conservatories
and other
stand-alone buildings
For
conservatories
and for other ancillary
stand-alone buildings
of less than
non-domestic Technical Handbook should be followed and an additional
certificate supplementing the one for the
dwelling
should be provided.
6.9.2
—
6.9.4


CS 623.715: Selected Topics in Computer and Network Architecture: Video Delivery over IP - Summer 2016Instructor: Dr. Ali Cengiz BeğenEmail: ali.begen AT aau.at Office Hours: Make an appointment in advance by email LogisticsLocation and Time: Up-to-date informationWebsite: http://ali.begen.net/courses/cs623.715/cs623.715_s16.html Textbook: There is no required textbook. The course material will consist of readings from books, papers and online resources. You may find the following books useful in different parts of the course:
This is a graduate course, so you will be expected to do a significant amount of readings on your own. Course OverviewDescription: The objective of this course is to introduce the key concepts involved with networked entertainment. This includes concepts in generating, delivering and consuming multimedia content. The course will briefly explain the theory and principles in coding, packaging and securing multimedia data, while mostly focusing on the methods for reliable and scalable transport over IP networks in the context of IPTV, video-on-demand and streaming applications. The course will also present the best practices in network and operating system support for media transport, and the state-of-the-art in current deployments.Prerequisites: Having a solid computer networking knowledge and programming skills is strongly recommended as we will build on top of the basic networking concepts. GradingGrades (as of July 18th)
Important Dates
Course MaterialsThe slides we cover in the class are available here. Survey Results |
Last Update: March 07, 2023 |


Please check them out!
also you can check out my lame home-page and my piano game PIANO ROCKER that is currently in development
Source is available at https://github.com/guivanrv/pixijs-match-three-example


ID:
Sample Text:
Required
Font Size / Style:
Alignment:
Stoke
Selected
Letter Spacing
Max Length
Text Transform


This is an application that is used to view nearby mechanics in specific area
It allows a user to view directions to the mechanics via Google maps links.This app was built using HTML, CSS and Jquery
link to the live-site :
https://george-stephen.github.io/Mechanic-Chapchap/
Github Search
This is a Github search web application that utilised web services like Api consumption and services.This is a
an application that allows the user to search for users and specific repositories on Github.This app was built using
HTML,CSS and Typescript. link to the live-site :
https://george-stephen.github.io/Github_search/profile
Avechi for Businesses
This is a web application that allows the user to advertise their Business online and allows other user to comment
on the business' services and others can view the comments and details about the business.This app was built using HTML,CSS and Java/Spark.
link to the live-site :
https://avechi-business.herokuapp.com/


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113489-new-members/topic/indirect.20recursion.20check.html ---
A while ago I was porting some code from Coq to Lean and it was going very well, but there was one definition that reduces to something like this:
def foo (f : ℕ → bool) (n : ℕ) : bool := f n def bar : ℕ → bool | 0 := true | (n+1) := foo bar n
I get "unexpected occurrence of recursive function" on bar
. Is there any way to make this kind of definition work, and prove termination? I'm actually kind of surprised it worked in Coq in the first place...
Effectively, you need to prove that foo
only calls bar
with something smaller than n+1
, which it does in this case. Maybe it's technically possible, but the equation compiler in particular doesn't support it?
It this example, you can inline foo
but I assume that's not an option with what you're working on ...
Otherwise, you can make foo
and bar
into mutually recursive functions
It is possible but inconvenient to inline foo
in the real code. It turned out more convenient to use a different approach to defining bar
entirely.
When I try a mutually recursive approach, I still get the same "unexpected occurrence of recursive function" error (which comes from the pattern compiler, I assume):
mutual def foo, bar with foo : (ℕ → bool) → ℕ → bool | f n := f n with bar : ℕ → bool | 0 := true | (n+1) := foo bar n
When I find the time, I'll look up the original Coq example again for comparison.
the idea is to define bar
and foo bar
by mutual recursion
so you wouldn't have that first parameter in foo
What Mario said
So that would look like:
mutual def foo, bar with foo : ℕ → bool | n := bar n -- this will be trouble because `n` doesn't decrease with bar : ℕ → bool | 0 := true | (n+1) := foo n
Hmm, I suspect I still haven't fully understood, but here's my latest attempt:
-- (To be clear this is elsewhere, can't be changed, inconvenient to inline.) def foo (f : ℕ → bool) (n : ℕ) : bool := f n mutual def foo_bar, bar with foo_bar : ℕ → bool | n := foo bar n with bar : ℕ → bool | 0 := true | (n+1) := foo_bar n
Which has the same "unexpected occurrence of recursive function" message.
that is trouble, because you need to know that foo
doesn't look at future values of bar
Yeah, it's definitely fair for Lean to reject it. I think I'll come back to this thread when I've found the Coq example to compare with
One option, used with things like list.map
, is to use a theorem like map_congr
to acquire an assumption that is needed for the recursion, or use a partial function like list.pmap
I think the difference is Coq allowed the code with an explicit termination proof, whereas Lean's equation compiler won't even touch it
Unlike simpler examples where you just need to prove something is decreasing
lean allows explicit termination proofs, but you have to thread the proof through in a kind of awkward way
I would need a more concrete example to demonstrate
I've got to head out for now but I'll come back to this with more details
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


Change Log
All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. See standard-version for commit guidelines.
4.2.1 (2017-01-02)
Bug Fixes
4.2.0 (2016-12-01)
Bug Fixes
- inner objects in configs had their keys appended to top-level key when dot-notation was disabled (#72) (0b1b5f9)
Features
- allow multiple arrays to be provided, rather than always combining (#71) (0f0fb2d)
4.1.0 (2016-11-07)
Features
- apply coercions to default options (#65) (c79052b)
- handle dot notation boolean options (#63) (02c3545)
4.0.2 (2016-09-30)
Bug Fixes
- whoops, let's make the assign not change the Object key order (29d069a)
4.0.1 (2016-09-30)
Bug Fixes
4.0.0 (2016-09-26)
Bug Fixes
- coerce should be applied to the final objects and arrays created (#57) (4ca69da)
BREAKING CHANGES
- coerce is no longer applied to individual arguments in an implicit array.
3.2.0 (2016-08-13)
Features
- coerce full array instead of each element (#51) (cc4dc56)
3.1.0 (2016-08-09)
Bug Fixes
- address pkgConf parsing bug outlined in #37 (#45) (be76ee6)
- better parsing of negative values (#44) (2e43692)
- check aliases when guessing defaults for arguments fixes #41 (#43) (f3e4616)
Features
- added coerce option, for providing specialized argument parsing (#42) (7b49cd2)
3.0.0 (2016-08-07)
Bug Fixes
- parsing issue with numeric character in group of options (#19) (f743236)
- upgraded lodash.assign (5d7fdf4)
BREAKING CHANGES
- subtle change to how values are parsed in a group of single-character arguments.
- first released in 3.1.0, better handling of negative values should be considered a breaking change.
2.4.1 (2016-07-16)
Bug Fixes
- count: do not increment a default value (#39) (b04a189)
2.4.0 (2016-04-11)
Features
- environment: Support nested options in environment variables (#26) thanks @elas7 \o/ (020778b)
2.3.0 (2016-04-09)
Bug Fixes
- boolean: fix for boolean options with non boolean defaults (#20) (2dbe86b), closes (#20
- package: remove tests from tarball (0353c0d)
- parsing: handle calling short option with an empty string as the next value. (a867165)
- boolean flag when next value contains the strings 'true' or 'false'. (69941a6)
- update dependencies; add standard-version bin for next release (#24) (822d9d5)
Features
- configuration: Allow to pass configuration objects to yargs-parser (0780900)
- normalize: allow normalize to work with arrays (e0eaa1a)


For large files, FTP upload is also available on this server. Connect to port 23 with the same credentials you use to log into Galaxy. Once uploaded, open the Galaxy file upload menu, and click on the Choose FTP file button to import the files into your history.
As an example, a screenshot of the configuration settings for FileZilla can be found here


This harbour is on the SE coast of Tenerife and about 10NM south of the centre of Santa Cruz de Tenerife.
Position 28°21'N, 16°22'W.
Visiting yachts can use either the marina or the protected small fishing harbour to the north of the church.
The harbour opens to the south and the narrow entrance should be entered with care as the harbour is small, crowded with moorings and manoeuvering is difficult. Go alongside the outer wall or, if there is no space, alongside one of the larger fishing boats, although one must be prepared for a lot of movement both day and night in this crowded harbour.
Visitors are usually ignored by the authorities and docking fees are rarely collected.
With the completion of the new fishing harbour it is expected that there will be more space available in the old harbour.
Last updated January 2010.


Drop any combination of models (.mdl, .mdx), textures (.blp), or maps (.w3m, .w3x) to test them
Cycle animations:
Yes
Run animations:
Yes
Frame:
0


{% extends 'index.html' %} {% block head %} {% endblock %} {% block body %}
ABOUT CHRISTOPHER SMITH
Allow me to Introduce Myself
Hi! My name is Christopher Smith. I'm a senior computer science
student at San Francisco State University. Although I started as
an engineering major, working in databases with the College of
Science and Engineering showed me all the possibilities a career
in computer science could offer.
After that, the switch was easy.
 I'm also an experienced game developer with
a couple finished titles under my belt.
You can see my finished work HERE
And follow my current projects HERE
Team Role: Backend Developer
LinkedIn


Dear {{user.firstName}},
Your Studio Center Client Account has been updated!
Click this link to get started! http://www.studiocenterauditions.com.
Your User Name is: {{user.username}}
If you have any questions, shoot me an email and I’ll be sure to help you out!
Thank you for your business!
{% autoescape false %}{{emailSignature}}{% endautoescape %}


public interface Sequencer extends MidiDevice
sequence
is known as a sequencer.
A MIDI sequence contains lists of time-stamped MIDI data, such as
might be read from a standard MIDI file. Most
sequencers also provide functions for creating and editing sequences.
The Sequencer
interface includes methods for the following
basic MIDI sequencer operations:
Sequencer
has access to:
| Modifier and Type | Interface and Description |
|---|---|
static class |
Sequencer.SyncMode
A
SyncMode object represents one of the ways in which
a MIDI sequencer's notion of time can be synchronized with a master
or slave device. |
MidiDevice.Info
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static int |
LOOP_CONTINUOUSLY
A value indicating that looping should continue
indefinitely rather than complete after a specific
number of loops.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
int[] |
addControllerEventListener(ControllerEventListener listener,
int[] controllers)
Registers a controller event listener to receive notification
whenever the sequencer processes a control-change event of the
requested type or types.
|
boolean |
addMetaEventListener(MetaEventListener listener)
Registers a meta-event listener to receive
notification whenever a meta-event is encountered in the sequence
and processed by the sequencer.
|
int |
getLoopCount()
Obtains the number of repetitions for
playback.
|
long |
getLoopEndPoint()
Obtains the end position of the loop,
in MIDI ticks.
|
long |
getLoopStartPoint()
Obtains the start position of the loop,
in MIDI ticks.
|
Sequencer.SyncMode |
getMasterSyncMode()
Obtains the current master synchronization mode for this sequencer.
|
Sequencer.SyncMode[] |
getMasterSyncModes()
Obtains the set of master synchronization modes supported by this
sequencer.
|
long |
getMicrosecondLength()
Obtains the length of the current sequence, expressed in microseconds,
or 0 if no sequence is set.
|
long |
getMicrosecondPosition()
Obtains the current position in the sequence, expressed in
microseconds.
|
Sequence |
getSequence()
Obtains the sequence on which the Sequencer is currently operating.
|
Sequencer.SyncMode |
getSlaveSyncMode()
Obtains the current slave synchronization mode for this sequencer.
|
Sequencer.SyncMode[] |
getSlaveSyncModes()
Obtains the set of slave synchronization modes supported by the sequencer.
|
float |
getTempoFactor()
Returns the current tempo factor for the sequencer.
|
float |
getTempoInBPM()
Obtains the current tempo, expressed in beats per minute.
|
float |
getTempoInMPQ()
Obtains the current tempo, expressed in microseconds per quarter
note.
|
long |
getTickLength()
Obtains the length of the current sequence, expressed in MIDI ticks,
or 0 if no sequence is set.
|
long |
getTickPosition()
Obtains the current position in the sequence, expressed in MIDI
ticks.
|
boolean |
getTrackMute(int track)
Obtains the current mute state for a track.
|
boolean |
getTrackSolo(int track)
Obtains the current solo state for a track.
|
boolean |
isRecording()
Indicates whether the Sequencer is currently recording.
|
boolean |
isRunning()
Indicates whether the Sequencer is currently running.
|
void |
recordDisable(Track track)
Disables recording to the specified track.
|
void |
recordEnable(Track track,
int channel)
Prepares the specified track for recording events received on a particular channel.
|
int[] |
removeControllerEventListener(ControllerEventListener listener,
int[] controllers)
Removes a controller event listener's interest in one or more
types of controller event.
|
void |
removeMetaEventListener(MetaEventListener listener)
Removes the specified meta-event listener from this sequencer's
list of registered listeners, if in fact the listener is registered.
|
void |
setLoopCount(int count)
Sets the number of repetitions of the loop for
playback.
|
void |
setLoopEndPoint(long tick)
Sets the last MIDI tick that will be played in
the loop.
|
void |
setLoopStartPoint(long tick)
Sets the first MIDI tick that will be
played in the loop.
|
void |
setMasterSyncMode(Sequencer.SyncMode sync)
Sets the source of timing information used by this sequencer.
|
void |
setMicrosecondPosition(long microseconds)
Sets the current position in the sequence, expressed in microseconds
|
void |
setSequence(InputStream stream)
Sets the current sequence on which the sequencer operates.
|
void |
setSequence(Sequence sequence)
Sets the current sequence on which the sequencer operates.
|
void |
setSlaveSyncMode(Sequencer.SyncMode sync)
Sets the slave synchronization mode for the sequencer.
|
void |
setTempoFactor(float factor)
Scales the sequencer's actual playback tempo by the factor provided.
|
void |
setTempoInBPM(float bpm)
Sets the tempo in beats per minute.
|
void |
setTempoInMPQ(float mpq)
Sets the tempo in microseconds per quarter note.
|
void |
setTickPosition(long tick)
Sets the current sequencer position in MIDI ticks
|
void |
setTrackMute(int track,
boolean mute)
Sets the mute state for a track.
|
void |
setTrackSolo(int track,
boolean solo)
Sets the solo state for a track.
|
void |
start()
Starts playback of the MIDI data in the currently
loaded sequence.
|
void |
startRecording()
Starts recording and playback of MIDI data.
|
void |
stop()
Stops recording, if active, and playback of the currently loaded sequence,
if any.
|
void |
stopRecording()
Stops recording, if active.
|
close, getDeviceInfo, getMaxReceivers, getMaxTransmitters, getReceiver, getReceivers, getTransmitter, getTransmitters, isOpen, open
static final int LOOP_CONTINUOUSLY
setLoopCount(int)
,
Constant Field Valuesvoid setSequence(Sequence sequence) throws InvalidMidiDataException
This method can be called even if the
Sequencer
is closed.
sequence
- the sequence to be loaded.InvalidMidiDataException
- if the sequence contains invalid
MIDI data, or is not supported.void setSequence(InputStream stream) throws IOException, InvalidMidiDataException
This method can be called even if the
Sequencer
is closed.
stream
- stream containing MIDI file data.IOException
- if an I/O exception occurs during reading of the stream.InvalidMidiDataException
- if invalid data is encountered
in the stream, or the stream is not supported.Sequence getSequence()
This method can be called even if the
Sequencer
is closed.
null
if no sequence is currently set.void start()
setLoopCount
.
After that, or if the loop count is 0, playback will
continue to play to the end of the sequence.
The implementation ensures that the synthesizer is brought to a consistent state when jumping to the loop start point by sending appropriate controllers, pitch bend, and program change events.
IllegalStateException
- if the Sequencer
is
closed.setLoopStartPoint(long)
,
setLoopEndPoint(long)
,
setLoopCount(int)
,
stop()
void stop()
IllegalStateException
- if the Sequencer
is
closed.start()
,
isRunning()
boolean isRunning()
false
.
The Sequencer starts running when either start()
or startRecording()
is called. isRunning
then returns true
until playback of the
sequence completes or stop()
is called.true
if the Sequencer is running, otherwise false
void startRecording()
Note that tracks are not by default enabled for recording. In order to record MIDI data, at least one track must be specifically enabled for recording.
IllegalStateException
- if the Sequencer
is
closed.startRecording()
,
recordEnable(javax.sound.midi.Track, int)
,
recordDisable(javax.sound.midi.Track)
void stopRecording()
IllegalStateException
- if the Sequencer
is
closed.startRecording()
,
isRecording()
boolean isRecording()
false
.
The Sequencer begins recording when startRecording()
is called,
and then returns true
until stop()
or stopRecording()
is called.true
if the Sequencer is recording, otherwise false
void recordEnable(Track track, int channel)
track
- the track to which events will be recordedchannel
- the channel on which events will be received. If -1 is specified
for the channel value, the track will receive data from all channels.IllegalArgumentException
- thrown if the track is not part of the current
sequence.void recordDisable(Track track)
track
- the track to disable for recording, or null
to disable
recording for all tracks.float getTempoInBPM()
getTempoFactor()
,
setTempoInBPM(float)
,
getTempoInMPQ()
void setTempoInBPM(float bpm)
bpm
- desired new tempo in beats per minutegetTempoFactor()
,
setTempoInMPQ(float)
,
getTempoInBPM()
float getTempoInMPQ()
getTempoFactor()
,
setTempoInMPQ(float)
,
getTempoInBPM()
void setTempoInMPQ(float mpq)
mpq
- desired new tempo in microseconds per quarter note.getTempoFactor()
,
setTempoInBPM(float)
,
getTempoInMPQ()
void setTempoFactor(float factor)
getTempoInMPQ()
and getTempoInBPM()
.
Those values indicate the tempo prior to scaling.
Note that the tempo factor cannot be adjusted when external
synchronization is used. In that situation,
setTempoFactor
always sets the tempo factor to 1.0.
factor
- the requested tempo scalargetTempoFactor()
float getTempoFactor()
setTempoFactor(float)
long getTickLength()
long getTickPosition()
Sequence
.)setTickPosition(long)
void setTickPosition(long tick)
tick
- the desired tick positiongetTickPosition()
long getMicrosecondLength()
long getMicrosecondPosition()
getMicrosecondPosition
in interface MidiDevice
setMicrosecondPosition(long)
void setMicrosecondPosition(long microseconds)
microseconds
- desired position in microsecondsgetMicrosecondPosition()
void setMasterSyncMode(Sequencer.SyncMode sync)
sync
. The sync
argument must be one
of the supported modes, as returned by
getMasterSyncModes()
.sync
- the desired master synchronization modeSequencer.SyncMode.INTERNAL_CLOCK
,
Sequencer.SyncMode.MIDI_SYNC
,
Sequencer.SyncMode.MIDI_TIME_CODE
,
getMasterSyncMode()
Sequencer.SyncMode getMasterSyncMode()
setMasterSyncMode(Sequencer.SyncMode)
,
getMasterSyncModes()
Sequencer.SyncMode[] getMasterSyncModes()
Sequencer.SyncMode.INTERNAL_CLOCK
,
Sequencer.SyncMode.MIDI_SYNC
,
Sequencer.SyncMode.MIDI_TIME_CODE
,
getMasterSyncMode()
,
setMasterSyncMode(Sequencer.SyncMode)
void setSlaveSyncMode(Sequencer.SyncMode sync)
sync
argument must be one
of the supported modes, as returned by
getSlaveSyncModes()
.sync
- the desired slave synchronization modeSequencer.SyncMode.MIDI_SYNC
,
Sequencer.SyncMode.MIDI_TIME_CODE
,
Sequencer.SyncMode.NO_SYNC
,
getSlaveSyncModes()
Sequencer.SyncMode getSlaveSyncMode()
setSlaveSyncMode(Sequencer.SyncMode)
,
getSlaveSyncModes()
Sequencer.SyncMode[] getSlaveSyncModes()
Sequencer.SyncMode.MIDI_SYNC
,
Sequencer.SyncMode.MIDI_TIME_CODE
,
Sequencer.SyncMode.NO_SYNC
void setTrackMute(int track, boolean mute)
getTrackMute(int)
.track
- the track number. Tracks in the current sequence are numbered
from 0 to the number of tracks in the sequence minus 1.mute
- the new mute state for the track. true
implies the
track should be muted, false
implies the track should be unmuted.getSequence()
boolean getTrackMute(int track)
track
- the track number. Tracks in the current sequence are numbered
from 0 to the number of tracks in the sequence minus 1.true
if muted, false
if not.void setTrackSolo(int track, boolean solo)
solo
is true
only this track and other solo'd tracks will sound. If solo
is false
then only other solo'd tracks will sound, unless no
tracks are solo'd in which case all un-muted tracks will sound.
This method may fail for a number
of reasons. For example, the track number specified may not be valid
for the current sequence, or the sequencer may not support this functionality.
An application which needs to verify whether this operation succeeded should
follow this call with a call to
.getTrackSolo(int)
track
- the track number. Tracks in the current sequence are numbered
from 0 to the number of tracks in the sequence minus 1.solo
- the new solo state for the track. true
implies the
track should be solo'd, false
implies the track should not be solo'd.getSequence()
boolean getTrackSolo(int track)
track
- the track number. Tracks in the current sequence are numbered
from 0 to the number of tracks in the sequence minus 1.true
if solo'd, false
if not.boolean addMetaEventListener(MetaEventListener listener)
listener
- listener to addtrue
if the listener was successfully added,
otherwise false
removeMetaEventListener(javax.sound.midi.MetaEventListener)
,
MetaEventListener
,
MetaMessage
void removeMetaEventListener(MetaEventListener listener)
listener
- the meta-event listener to removeaddMetaEventListener(javax.sound.midi.MetaEventListener)
int[] addControllerEventListener(ControllerEventListener listener, int[] controllers)
controllers
argument, which should contain an array of
MIDI controller numbers. (Each number should be between 0 and 127,
inclusive. See the MIDI 1.0 Specification for the numbers that
correspond to various types of controllers.)
The returned array contains the MIDI controller numbers for which the listener will now receive events. Some sequencers might not support controller event notification, in which case the array has a length of 0. Other sequencers might support notification for some controllers but not all. This method may be invoked repeatedly. Each time, the returned array indicates all the controllers that the listener will be notified about, not only the controllers requested in that particular invocation.
listener
- the controller event listener to add to the list of
registered listenerscontrollers
- the MIDI controller numbers for which change
notification is requestedremoveControllerEventListener(javax.sound.midi.ControllerEventListener, int[])
,
ControllerEventListener
int[] removeControllerEventListener(ControllerEventListener listener, int[] controllers)
controllers
argument
is an array of MIDI numbers corresponding to the controllers for
which the listener should no longer receive change notifications.
To completely remove this listener from the list of registered
listeners, pass in null
for controllers
.
The returned array contains the MIDI controller
numbers for which the listener will now receive events. The
array has a length of 0 if the listener will not receive
change notifications for any controllers.listener
- old listenercontrollers
- the MIDI controller numbers for which change
notification should be cancelled, or null
to cancel
for all controllersaddControllerEventListener(javax.sound.midi.ControllerEventListener, int[])
void setLoopStartPoint(long tick)
A value of 0 for the starting point means the beginning of the loaded sequence. The starting point must be lower than or equal to the ending point, and it must fall within the size of the loaded sequence.
A sequencer's loop start point defaults to start of the sequence.
tick
- the loop's starting position,
in MIDI ticks (zero-based)IllegalArgumentException
- if the requested
loop start point cannot be set, usually because
it falls outside the sequence's
duration or because the start point is
after the end pointsetLoopEndPoint(long)
,
setLoopCount(int)
,
getLoopStartPoint()
,
start()
long getLoopStartPoint()
setLoopStartPoint(long)
void setLoopEndPoint(long tick)
A value of -1 for the ending point indicates the last tick of the sequence. Otherwise, the ending point must be greater than or equal to the starting point, and it must fall within the size of the loaded sequence.
A sequencer's loop end point defaults to -1, meaning the end of the sequence.
tick
- the loop's ending position,
in MIDI ticks (zero-based), or
-1 to indicate the final tickIllegalArgumentException
- if the requested
loop point cannot be set, usually because
it falls outside the sequence's
duration or because the ending point is
before the starting pointsetLoopStartPoint(long)
,
setLoopCount(int)
,
getLoopEndPoint()
,
start()
long getLoopEndPoint()
setLoopEndPoint(long)
void setLoopCount(int count)
count
times, after which playback will
continue to play to the end of the sequence.
If the current position when this method is invoked is greater than the loop end point, playback continues to the end of the sequence without looping, unless the loop end point is changed subsequently.
A count
value of 0 disables looping:
playback will continue at the loop end point, and it
will not loop back to the loop start point.
This is a sequencer's default.
If playback is stopped during looping, the current loop status is cleared; subsequent start requests are not affected by an interrupted loop operation.
count
- the number of times playback should
loop back from the loop's end position
to the loop's start position, or
LOOP_CONTINUOUSLY
to indicate that looping should
continue until interruptedIllegalArgumentException
- if count
is
negative and not equal to LOOP_CONTINUOUSLY
setLoopStartPoint(long)
,
setLoopEndPoint(long)
,
getLoopCount()
,
start()
int getLoopCount()
setLoopCount(int)
,
start()
Submit a bug or feature
For further API reference and developer documentation, see Java SE Documentation. That documentation contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions, with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and working code examples.
Copyright © 1993, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.


| DOSE: |
0.2 glasses |
oral |
Galangal |
(extract) |
'Galangal' is Alpinia officinarum, a medicinal plant easily available in any chemist's store. It is quite cheap, so you can buy quite a lot of experimenting. It tastes extremely spicy, chewing the chopped root is quite tiring. I made an alcoholic extract of about 80g of the chopped roots.
Drinking 1/5 glass of the galanga-extract produced noticeable psychic effects. It becomes hard to concentrate, a very 'easy' and a bit giggly feeling. Sometimes I felt a very slight headache. There were some minor visual effects, hard to describe, but no LSD-colours as described elsewhere. In some cases I felt something like an 'aphrodisiac'-effect, but always after the main effects were gone.  --- Well, the primary effects are quite okay, but I got the impression that I was a bit unconcentrated, depressed and aggressive the next one or two days. I'm afraid Galanga has these very unpleasant side effects, but maybe that was just an illusion. I'm always depressed, more or less (see above). There will be one more experiment, if the aggressiveness occurs again, I'll surely leave this substance.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


A unofficial map of the videos created by Tom Scott.
See his Youtube channel for the complete list of videos (including those that are not geo-referenceable) or you can look up the coordinates for individual videos in the Review Interface.
You can contribute to this map over at https://github.com/frog23/TomScottMap. Other feedback, questions and suggestions can be send to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Icons provided by Leflet Awesome Markers with Awesome Font; Raleway Font: Copyright 2010 The Raleway Project Authors (impallari@gmail.com), with Reserved Font Name "Raleway".


---
layout: wide
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highlight5 : Climbing Capacity - 30 Degree
---
{% include product-display-head.html %}
{% include ss6-spec-sheet.html %}


Exports all curated documents that the curator has marked as finished. Documents where the curation is still in progress or did not start yet are not included.


Boards
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Web Development
Personal
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Tasks to Do
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Look through portfolios to gather inspiration
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JavaScript Fundamentals
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JavaScript DOM Manipulation
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Medium
Mozilla Developer Network
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Airsoft/Paintballing Centre
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>>
<<
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JfC
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Primer
From (boxed indexes)
If the left argument of { is boxed, then it is opened and each of its items gives the indexes along successive axes of the right argument. This can be used to select any subarray from an array.
m =. i. 3 4
m
0 1 2 3
4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11
(< 1 2) { m
6
The opened left argument is the list 1 2. The first item is 1, and it is used as the index of the 1st axis; the second item is 2, and it is used as the index of the 2nd axis. The 1 selects the list 4 5 6 7 and the 2 selects 6 from that list.
If there are fewer items in the list than there are axes, then all of the trailing axes are selected.
(<1) { m
4 5 6 7
This is more interesting with a higher rank array.
d =. i.2 3 4
d
0 1 2 3
4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23
(<1 2 3) { d NB. plane 1, row 2, column 3
23
(<1 2) { d NB. plane 1, row 2, all columns
20 21 22 23
So far the items in the list of indexes for each axis has been an atom and selects only one index. What if you want more than one index?
If an item in the list of indexes is boxed, then it is a list of indexes for that axis.
Suppose you want to select from m the table of atoms that are in rows 0 2, and columns 0 2 3. That is, the table:
col-0 col-2 col-3
row-0 0 2 3
row-2 8 10 11
The indexes for the axes are the list:
0 2 ; 0 2 3
+---+-----+
|0 2|0 2 3|
+---+-----+
That list of indexes needs to be boxed so that each item will be treated as indexes into the successive axes. The 0 2 selects rows (1st axis) and the 0 2 3 selects columns (2nd axis).
< 0 2 ; 0 2 3
+-----------+
|+---+-----+|
||0 2|0 2 3||
|+---+-----+|
+-----------+
(< 0 2 ; 0 2 3) { m
0 2 3
8 10 11
(< 0 1 ; 0 2 ; 2 3) { d
2 3
10 11
14 15
22 23
Again, if there are fewer items than axes, then all of the trailing axes are selected.
(< 0 1 ; 0 2) { d
0 1 2 3
8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15
20 21 22 23
Frequently the desired subarray includes all of an axis that is not a trailing axis. This could be done by giving all indexes for that axis.
(< 0 1 2 ; 2 3) { m
2 3
6 7
10 11
This may be inconvenient in a real application where it would necessary to calculate the indexes. For this reason, a boxed empty list, <'', indicates that all indexes in the axis are selected.
< (<'') ; 2 3
+--------+
|+--+---+|
||++|2 3||
||||| ||
||++| ||
|+--+---+|
+--------+
The above, used as the left argument will select all indexes along the first axis because the first item is a boxed empty list, and indexes 2 and 3 along the 2nd axis.
(< (<'');2 3) { m
2 3
6 7
10 11
The boxed empty list is so useful that the primitive a: is defined as <'' . So, the above can be simplified.
(< a: ; 2 3) { m
2 3
6 7
10 11
The above can be even more easily expressed with the rank conjunction.
2 3 {"1 m
2 3
6 7
10 11
>>
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Innovation Line is pleased to introduce our Virtual Samples program designed to show your client's artwork on any of our products against a beautiful themed background. Actual product proofs are no longer necessary. Just send us your artwork and let us do the work for you.


A simple photo gallery template made with CSS Grid System and it is responsive layout.
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Buddha LimbuHello, I'm Buddha Limbu from Jhapa. I have a craze on Tech, and i prefer tech related stuffs very much as wel as I'm a blogger and Youtuber. Currently. I'm learning JavaScript Basic and Jquery. Apart from this, I'm fond of play Guitar and Sing Songs and travel.
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--- layout: data_model title: InformationSourceType this_version: 1.0.1 ---
The InformationSourceType details the source of a given data entry.
| Field Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Identity0..1 | IdentityType |
The Identity field is optional and specifies the identity of the information source. This field is implemented through the xsi:type extension mechanism. The default type is CIQIdentity3.0InstanceType in the http://stix.mitre.org/extensions/Identity#CIQIdentity3.0-1 namespace. This type is defined in the extensions/identity/ciq_identity.xsd file or at the URL http://stix.mitre.org/XMLSchema/extensions/identity/ciq_identity/1.0/ciq_identity.xsd.
Those who wish to express a simple name may also do so by not specifying an xsi:type and using the Name field.
|
| Contributors0..1 | ContributorsType |
The Contributors field is optional and enables description of the individual contributors involved in this instance. |
| Time0..1 | TimeType |
The Time element is optional and enables description of various time-related attributes for this instance. |
| Tools0..1 | ToolsInformationType |
The Tools element is optional and enables description of the tools utilized for this instance. |
| References0..1 | ReferencesType |
The References field is optional and enables specification of references to information source material for this instance. |


Alice Curtin
Tell us a bit about yourself! Where are you from, and how did you get into Physics?
I am a second year MSc student from the USA. I grew up in a very small, rural town in Western Massachusetts on an old dairy farm. While neither of my parents are scientists, I was lucky to have a physics teacher in high school with passion and enthusiasm for astronomy. Even after switching schools, I found myself exploring physics outside the classroom (largely due to the support of my chemistry teacher) through local astronomy events, an independent project, essay competitions, and outreach
What do you like about Physics?
Originally, I fell in love with physics because it was an applied form of math. Now, I am hooked on it for many reasons, with one of the largest being that the field is rapidly evolving and there is always more to learn!
What outreach activities are you currently leading?
I am currently involved in the Space Explorers program, a program that brings physics activities to elementary school students. We spent the summer and much of the fall redesigning and creating new activities to be online given the COVID-19 pandemic. We are now beginning to schedule these online outreach sessions at various elementary schools throughout Montreal.
What inspires you to do outreach?
I was very lucky in high school to have such a positive introduction to physics. However, I find that a lot of my friends or colleagues have not necessarily had the same experience. Physics can often be taught in a dry or inaccessible manner… but it doesn’t have to be! I hope that the outreach I do will show students that physics is not this scary, foreign concept but instead that it is fun (and surrounds us in our everyday lives).
Are there social issues that you want to address in particular?
Physics is a predominantly male field. While this is starting to change, we still have a long way to go. There have been numerous studies that show that the divide between males and females in hard sciences (along with racial inequalities) can start as young as elementary school. I hope this outreach can inspire young students to stick with physics and show them that it is not a field for one gender or race.
What’s your life as a physics student like? What’s your research on?
Every day as a physicist is different. Sometimes, I spend the entire day reading new journal articles; on some other days, I spend 10 hours debugging a few lines of code. In general, I spend my time either in class, at a collaboration meeting, coding, analyzing new scientific results, attending to teaching assistant duties, and performing outreach activities.
I am the most interested in radio astronomy. My research focuses on detecting fast radio bursts, a transient radio source for which very little is known. I am a part of the CHIME/FRB (Canadian Hydrogen Mapping Experiment/Fast Radio Bursts) experiment which uses a novel radio telescope out in Penticton, BC to detect fast radio bursts. My specific research is best split into two categories: first, analyzing the radio frequency interference within the CHIME/FRB pipeline, and second, calculating radio emission upper limits on other types of events. In addition to CHIME/FRB, I am also a lead contributor to research that I started as an undergraduate student that uses pulsars to study the galactic magnetic field.
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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Stifling speech is undemocratic
by THE WASHINGTON TIMESANALYSIS/OPINION:
As an academic and scholar, I was saddened to read of the efforts by some to prevent Ann Coulter from speaking at the University of California, Berkeley (“Ann Coulter ‘Adios, America!’ speech spurs protests, arrests at Cal-Berkeley,” Web, Nov. 21). The essence of democracy is the willingness to hear and debate alternative points of view, regardless of whether we agree with them. Universities, as bastions of academic scholarship and creative thinking, should be the last place on Earth to ban anyone with different perspectives from expressing those perspectives. It is the willingness to conceive of and discuss ideas outside the spectrum of conventional thinking that propels humanity forward. I fear for our society as we dangerously censor and abuse people who disagree with us instead of civilly debating them. This is what happens in fascist dictatorships, not in true democracies.
MICHAEL PRAVICA.
Henderson, Nev.
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Copyright © 2019 The Washington Times, LLC. Click here for reprint permission.
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# Copyright (c) IMToolkit Development Team
# This toolkit is released under the MIT License, see LICENSE.txt
import re
[docs]class Parameters(object):
"""This class is used to pack various simulation parameters into an instance."""
arg = ""
table = {}
# default parameters
M = 1 # Number of transmit antennas or subcarriers
N = 1 # Number of receive antennas
T = 1 # Number of timeslots in a space-time codeword
Q = 1 # Number of dispersion matrices or active indices
P = 1 # Number of selected elements
K = 1 # Number of selected elements
O = 1 # Number of embedded symbols in a space-time codeword
IT = 1 # Number of iterations
ITo = 1 # Number of outer iterations
ITi = 1 # Number of inner iterations
snrfrom = 0.0 # The beginning of SNR
to = 50.0 # The end of SNR
len = 11 # The above SNR range is divided by len
by = 1.0 # SNR step size
optsnr = snr = 0.0 # A specific SNR
sim = "coh" # Type of simulator
channel = "rayleigh" # Channel environment
mod = "PSK" # Type of modulation such as PAM, PSK, QAM...
L = 2 # Number of constellation
RC = 1 # The number of repetition
# other parameters (avoid pylint errors)
Nsc = 0 # Number of subcarriers
Ncp = 0 # CP length
Ns = 0 # Number of scatters in Jakes channel model
Nt = Nr = Mt = Mr = Nu = NRF = Lc = 0
W = R = Wl = J = PsiHalf = PhiHalf = deg = 0
taps = mind = hit = limit = Hflu = 0
a = d = r = v = u1 = u2 = alpha = rate = 0.0
dTx = 0.0 # Space between source antennas or LEDs
Rx = 0.0 # Horizontal position of a receiver
FdTs = 0.0 # Normalized Doppler frequency in Jakes channel model
delta = Herr = cfo = 0.0
Kf = Dt = Dr = 0.0
dm = "" # Type of dispersion matrices or active indices
dec = code = Wmode = Fmode = dmi = ""
det = basis = CR = option = ""
minh = 0
def __init__(self, arg):
"""
Args:
arg (string): the specified simulation parameters.
"""
self.arg = arg
options = arg.split("_")
if "=" in options[0]:
self.mode = ""
else:
self.mode = options.pop(0)
self.table["mode"] = self.mode
self.__setattr__("mode", self.mode)
# parse arguments such as "M=2"
for op in options:
pair = op.split("=")
pv = self.parseValue(pair[1])
self.table[pair[0]] = pv
self.__setattr__(pair[0], pv)
# def __setattr__(self, key, value):
# self.table[key] = value
# print(self.table)
# return super(Parameters, self).__setattr__(key, value)
def __getitem__(self, key):
if key in self.table:
return self.table[key]
else:
return False
[docs] def isSpeficied(self, key):
if key in self.table:
return True
else:
return False
[docs] def parseValue(self, value):
if re.match(r'-*\d+', value):
if value.find("e") > 0:
return int(float(value)) # e.g. IT=1e5, IT=2.5e7
elif value.find(".") > 0:
return float(value) # e.g. to=50.00
else:
return int(value) # e.g. M=4
else:
return value # e.g. channel=rayleigh


-
A unified exploration of the chronology of the Galaxy
Amalie Stokholm, Víctor Aguirre Børsen-Koch, Dennis Stello, Marc Hon et al.
Published 2023-09
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
-
Asteroseismology and Spectropolarimetry of the Exoplanet Host Star $\lambda$ Serpentis
Travis S. Metcalfe, Derek Buzasi, Daniel Huber, Marc H. Pinsonneault et al.
Published 2023-08
in arXiv e-prints
-
Did Kepler-444 have a long-lived convective core?
Mark Lykke Winther, Víctor Aguirre Børsen-Koch, Jakob Lysgaard Rørsted, Amalie Stokholm et al.
Published 2023-06
in arXiv e-prints
-
A close-in giant planet escapes engulfment by its star
Marc Hon, Daniel Huber, Nicholas Z. Rui, Jim Fuller et al.
Published 2023-06
in Nature
-
Time evolution of Ce as traced by APOGEE using giant stars observed with the Kepler, TESS and K2 missions
G. Casali, V. Grisoni, A. Miglio, C. Chiappini et al.
Published 2023-05
in arXiv e-prints


Description
This is a turn based online game in which the purpose is to "eat" the enemy color,
by exploding the atoms of your color.
Rules
You have a grid where you can place some protons.
Your protons have a unique color.
You can add more protons to a cell, until the cell explodes.
When the cell explodes, the protons will expand 1 in the upper cell,
1 in the bottom cell, 1 in the right cell, and 1 in the left cell.
A cell explodes when:
the protons are more than 1 and are in one of the corners.
the protons are more than 2 and touch one of the borders.
the protons are more than 3 and are somewhere else.
Waiting host to start
Online
Metadata of every game played online is saved on a public server


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