SLA and Support
SLA (Service Level Agreement)
Service level agreements are a common request from enterprise customers, rooted in the twin premises that (1) if they spend a lot of money on a product, they expect a certain level of quality, and (2) that due to the scale of their businesses, unplanned outage can cost them non-trivial amounts of money. Typically, SLAs guarantee a minimum amount of application uptime and/or a maximum wait time for resolving support issues.
Uptime
Generally, SLAs for enterprise applications must be at least 99.9 percent (i.e., the application experiences no more than 8.76 hours of unplanned downtime per year), but many will promise 99.99 percent (a max of 52.6 minutes of unplanned downtime per year) or even 99.999 percent (5.26 minutes of unplanned downtime per year). This is less of a product feature than a business decision, but uptime is very much a function of architectural decisions at both the application and infrastructure levels. It’s also important to report this with some amount of historical transparency, which is why many SaaS providers have a status page that displays real-time health and maintains the historical record of availability.
When there is an outage or other issue affecting a cloud service, many companies also use their status page to offer updates as they diagnose and then resolve the problem. The best approach is to do this in as close to real time as possible, because customers want to know what’s wrong and when they can expect to use your service again—and being left in the dark on this information can generate ill will. For particularly long or widespread outages, publishing a detailed post-mortem can also be a good idea; it forces your company to address the root cause, and also lets customers know you take these events seriously.
Response times
Within this SLA, you’ll also likely include a commitment to provide standard support hours, emergency support and maximum response times. Response is defined as the time it takes for a qualified team member to acknowledge the issue and begin to diagnose the problem. Response times vary by the severity of the issue that is being raised.
Severity is often categorized into Sev1, Sev2 and Sev3, with clear definitions for the issues that will fall into each category. Application downtime with no workaround is a clear Sev1 issue, and potential security vulnerabilities are generally elevated to Sev1 as well. Response times for Sev1 is likely under 3 hours.
Support
There are many different methods for providing customer support, and offering different levels/avenues of support is often a common technique to distinguish between various pricing plans:
- Community-based support: Generally for lower-tier customers, who will be able to ask questions of other community members in a forum.
- Email support: Email support is generally seen as a low-cost way to offer direct support to your customers, as you can create a queue of incoming emails and prioritize them based on the support contract.
- Phone support: Offered as a bit more of an “on-demand” or “instant-response” support option for customers who prefer to talk to someone immediately when they have a question.
- Dedicated customer success manager: A single point of contact for all account-related questions. Aside from answering questions and trying to resolve issues, this person serves as an advocate for the customer’s requests and issues within the SaaS provider.
Other support-related practices and offerings
In addition to contractual and community support, your company can go a long way toward educating customers (and staving off some support duty) by producing the right content. High-quality documentation is an absolute necessity today, especially for SaaS applications where part of the value is in the self-service model of operating them. You can go the extra mile with video tutorials, webinars and even paid in-person training for customers that want it.
Your enterprise customers will also expect some visibility into your product roadmap. They want to be able to influence the features you’ll be adding in order to ensure that you continue to meet their changing needs. However, you’ll usually want to preface any such discussion with a safe-harbor statement (if it’s in a presentation) or other means of communicating that although this is the general direction, you are not promising to deliver anything specific by any specific time frame. Some companies do build features at customers’ requests, but that type of deal must be formalized in a contract.
Many enterprise customers will also eventually ask for things like business insurance, source code escrow and indemnification. Like SLAs, these aren’t really product features, but they’re important to understand because they’ll come up in enterprise contract negotiations and they can be addressed to some degree by how the product is built.


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Uppsala Group on Determiners and Pronouns
(Dan Zeman, Jenna Kanerva, Mojgan Seraji, Nizar Habash, Petya Osenova, Simonetta Montemagni, Teresa Lynn)
This topic is related to the Github issues #159, #157, #154 and #132.
The issues discussed in this group are extremely complex and we could not hope for an ultimate solution to be found within 90 minutes. We started collecting the input and we are going to go on collecting it online. Then hopefully there will be more insight and we can find a way of modifying the current guidelines.
The starting point
There are languages that sort of lack the category of determiners. What we mean by that is really just the category, not the words themselves. There are words that are very well comparable to what is called determiners in other languages, they are just not called determiners in the “traditional” grammar of the language. Instead, they are often called pronouns.
In order to increase cross-lingual comparability, it is desirable to use the same labels for these words across langauges. Consequently, we have to partially abandon the traditional grammars and to define determiners in these languages. (Not necessarily in all languages. But when we have words that are parallel to English or Romance determiners, we want parallel analysis for them.)
The current borderline between u-pos/PRON and u-pos/DET in UD, simplified, says that if it replaces a noun phrase, it is a pronoun; if it modifies a noun phrase, it is a determiner. This definition dates back at least to the EAGLES multi-language annotation project in the 1990s. The basic idea here is that pronouns share properties with nouns, and analogically, determiners share properties with adjectives. Examples:
- I saw this yesterday. … this is
PRON
- I saw this car yesterday. … this is
DET
Thus the borderline is defined functionally. It means that context matters: we classify these words according to how they are used rather than what they are. One reason is that we cannot easily tell “what the words are”. The existing taggers and tagsets are not going to help us because they do not distinguish determiners. On the other hand, this functional approach contrasts with what we do elsewhere in UD. For instance, we say that prepositions remain tagged u-pos/ADP even if they are used as verbal particles (cf. English come on), which is a usage quite different from the prototypical function of prepositions.
There is another and perhaps more important objection to the current definition: in languages that traditionally do distinguish determiners, our definition does not precisely match the borderline already established by their tagsets. Conforming to the UD guidelines thus means that in these languages many words must be fixed too.
Finally, while the definition may seem robust at the first glance, its applicability is also limited. A pronoun might be replacing a noun phrase but modifying another noun phrase at the same time (as a genitive post-modifier). If a word does not modify a noun, it could mean that it is a pronoun, but it could also be a determiner whose noun head has been elided. So the definition does not cover all possible situations and we need either more freedom, or more elaborate guidelines.
Example of ellipsis in [cs]:
- Který dort chceš? “Which cake do you want?” … který is
DET
- Který chceš? “Which [one] do you want?” …
DET
, orPRON
?
What are the options?
- Keep the functional definition, perhaps with a bit more freedom, such as:
“the language-specific documentation may further specify the conditions, e.g. by saying
that determiners do not occur as post-modifiers, that they must agree with the modified
nominal in gender, number and case and so on. It may also describe which situations are
analyzed as elliptical (i.e. the word is considered to be modifying an elided nominal and
thus it is tagged
DET
even though it is attached to something else).” - Do not decide each individual usage of the word separately. Instead, look at prevailing usage pattern in the corpus. This is still based on heuristics but it allows to pre-categorize at least some of the words. (But it is still possible to say that some words are homonymous and can belong to either class.)
- Pre-categorization can be also based on other criteria. In some languages, at least a subset of pronouns is clearly similar to adjectives morphologically. For instance, they inflect for gender to be able to agree with the gender of the nouns they modify. We could say that these are determiners, regardless whether they are actually attached to a nominal in the sentence. Along the same lines, there are pronouns that can never act like determiners. Personal pronouns will probably fall here in most languages, at least their nominative forms. And there will be a few more, such as who.
Note that the functional definition is the only one which might guarantee comparability and consistency across languages. However, if this option is selected there are other fuzzy distinctions - e.g. that between nouns and adjectives acting as nouns (as in the old and the young), or adjectives and verbs acting as adjectives (as in written text or smiling person) in specific constructions - which should be dealt with similarly: so, whatever decision is taken for dealing with the det/pron
distinction, this might require a revision of the treatment of these other categories across the different languages.
Interaction between POS tags and dependency relations
The current UD guidelines almost imply that the u-pos/DET POS tag and the u-dep/det relation label occur at the same places.  A determiner inside of a MWE will be attached to the previous token with the label u-dep/mwe. If it happens to be the first token of the MWE, and the whole MWE behaves like something else than a determiner, then it will also have a different label.
This gives us a good device to search for irregularities.
Even when we ignore MWEs, there are a number of points in the data where the DET <=> det
constraint is currently violated.
When det
does not imply DET
- Undecided/undecidable borderline between
DET
andPRON
. The word is taggedDET
but attached as a pronoun (nsubj
,dobj
,iobj
,nmod
). An interesting example from the English data is that you is taggedPRON
but attached asdet
in you guys. (But one could also argue that the whole thing is a MWE, in which guys acts as a new plural suffix.) - Fuzzy border between
DET
andADJ
. [sv] annan “another”, viss “certain, some”, många “many”, egen “own”, hel “whole” areADJ
+det
. - Multi-word determiners: [fr] beaucoup de, moins de.
- Bad u-pos/PROPN tag in multi-word named entities. In examples like [es] La
Rioja, [fr] La Crochais the determiner is part of a named entity but it still
should be tagged
DET
, notPROPN
. - Other annotation or conversion errors.
There are no occurrences in bg, cs, da, fi-ftb. The other languages:
PML-TQ (http://lindat.mff.cuni.cz/services/pmltq/#!/treebanks) was used to collect examples:
a-node $d := [deprel="det", tag!="DET"] >> for $d.tag give $1, count() sort by $2 desc, $1
- Basque: numerals (even definite ones) are attached as
det
. Why not u-dep/nummod? 372 cases. Then 42 ADJ, 27 NOUN, 14 ADV, 3 PRON, 1 PART, 1 VERB. - Croatian: 631 PRON, 105 ADJ (83: sav = svůj = oneself’s), 101 ADV, 6 ADP, 6 AUX, 4 PART, 3 CONJ, 2 NOUN, 1 NUM.
- English: rare, but it exists: 14 PRON, 3 ADJ, 3 ADV, 2 NUM, 1 ADP.
- Finnish (Turku): 3128 PRON, 23 ADV, 5 ADJ, 5 NOUN, 1 SCONJ (?) Documentation diff: the current conversion of TDT does not use the DET tag.
- French: MWE beaucoup de, moins de; articles in multi-word named entities (La Crochais) are tagged PROPN! 226 PROPN, 105 ADP, 58 ADV, 11 X, 6 NOUN, 3 ADJ, 2 VERB, 1 PRON.
- German: 5063 NOUN, 2562 PRON, 2306 PROPN, 15 ADJ, 1 ADP, 1 ADV, 1 NUM, 1 VERB. Conversion errors. Noun example: schnelle Behebung der/det Probleme/det.
- Greek: 9463 ADJ, 356 PRON, 2 NUM. The Greek definite article is tagged as ADJ instead of DET (but documentation does not suggest that it is intentional).
- Hebrew: 520 ADV, 163 ADP, 115 PRON, 94 NUM, 33 CONJ, 6 ADJ, 2 NOUN, 2 X, 1 SCONJ.
- Hungarian: just 1 PRON :-)
- Indonesian: 332 PROPN, 252 PRON, 179 NOUN, 64 NUM, 14 PART, 3 ADV, 2 VERB, 1 ADJ, 1 PUNCT.
- Irish: 54 PRON, 25 X, 1 NOUN, 1 NUM, 1 PROPN. Sometimes pronoun under preposition: leis siúd, leis sin, air sin … are these errors?
- Italian: just 1 NUM, 1 PRON :-)
- Persian: 216 PRON, 212 ADV, 107 NOUN, 26 INTJ, 4 ADJ, 1 NUM.
- Spanish: 717 PROPN, 24 PRON, 20 X, 10 ADJ, 4 ADP, 3 SYM, 1 ADV, 1 CONJ, 1 PART, 1 VERB. Same problem with PROPN as in French.
- Swedish: 1345 ADJ, 594 NOUN, 44 ADV, 29 PRON, 3 PROPN, 2 ADP, 1 CONJ, 1 VERB.
When DET
does not imply det
- Quite a few cases actually do not count as an error because the dependency relation is a
subtype of
det
:det:nummod
,det:numgov
,det:predet
,det:def
,det:poss
. - Several languages analyze the relation between possessive determiners and the possessed
noun as
nmod:poss
, reportedly to make it parallel with other possessives (this explanation appeared even in the universal guidelines, though several months after we froze the guidelines). Maybe it is inherited from English where speakers do not feel such a strong difference between genitive of a noun, and a possessive (adjective). But much more than English this is visible in French, Spanish, Irish, Swedish and also German, where it is quite obvious that possessive determiners (pronouns) are like adjectives and should not be parallel tonmod
. - Negative determiners such as no in no legal grounds should be distinguished from the
verb-negating particles (English not). The u-dep/neg relation should be used for the
latter while the former should be
det
. But this is violated in English and French (surprisingly not in Spanish, although otherwise these two datasets often share the same decisions). - Annotation or conversion errors.
PML-TQ (http://lindat.mff.cuni.cz/services/pmltq/#!/treebanks) was used to collect examples:
a-node $d := [tag="DET", deprel!="det"] >> for $d.tag give $1, count() sort by $2 desc, $1
There are no occurrences in: hr, da, fi, fi-ftb, el.
- Basque: 391 nmod, 297 nsubj, 186 dobj …
- Bulgarian: 88 nsubj, 23 nmod, 16 iobj, 8 dobj … Lemmas: 52 този, 34 какъв, 21 всеки, 14 някой
- Czech: 979 det:numgov, 552 det:nummod, 24 advcl, 13 amod …
- English: 1332 nsubj, 481 dobj, 355 nmod, 316 neg, 204 det:predet, 146 nsubjpass, … neg: no legal grounds … is this intentional? nsubj: , which means … (which is
DET
andnsubj
) - French: 4347 nmod:poss, 209 dep, 143 expl, 138 mwe, 107 neg, … German: 1915 nmod:poss, 28 nsubj, 13 dep, 12 nmod, … Der Alltag, der/nsubj nach dem Parteitag kommt.
- Hebrew: 16346 det:def, 144 dep, 39 advmod, 36 mwe, … (even the advmod is actually a MWE but it is not apparent here because it is the first node of the MWE)
- Hungarian: 13 remnant, 10 nmod, 6 dobj, … Are the remnant cases errors in annotation of coordination? I think they are.
- Indonesian: 211 mwe, 47 nummod, 39 nsubj, …
- Irish: 229 nmod:poss, 2 ccomp, 2 conj, 1 compound, 1 nsubj
- Italian: 1600 det:poss, 331 det:predet, 131 nsubj, 41 dobj, 18 nmod, …
- Persian: 36 det:predet, 18 mark, 15 nsubj, …
- Spanish: 4353 nmod:poss, 83 advmod, 23 mwe, … (no neg, unlike French)
- Swedish: possessive DET are attached as nmod:poss. 675 nmod:poss, 43 mwe, 18 nmod, 16 nsubj …
Miscellaneous
We are discussing how different languages encode “determination”.
More than one determiner per NP? There are currently no restrictions but grammars of some
languages assume at most one determiner per noun phrase. This is probably why we have
det:predet
in English and Italian, to mark that the additional determiner is exceptional.
Pronouns, determiners and pronominal adverbs should always have a non-empty value of the
feature u-feat/PronType. In particular, articles should be tagged PronType=Art
.
The big table
We thought it would be useful to get a broad picture of pronominal words in various languages, how they behave and how they are usually classified in grammars of those languages. It is a space of several dimensions and it is not clear what would be the best way of visualizing it but let’s start with a table and see what we get.
Legend: TPOS = traditional part of speech, i.e. what category it belongs to in the grammatical tradition used in this language. OPOS = part of speech coming from the original / native tagset (but translated to universal POS tags, if possible); this is likely, but not necessary, to be same as TPOS. Similar = what non-pronominal part of speech (if any) does this word resemble? For a concrete example, if the language has genders and the word takes different forms for different genders in order to agree with a modified noun, it is probably like an adjective. Amod = is it possible or even likely that it modifies a noun in a similar way to how adjectives modify nouns?
| Lang | Word | Gloss | TPOS | OPOS | Similar | Amod | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| en | the, a, an | DET | ADJ | Mandatory | Articles. | ||
| de | der, die, das, ein, eine | the, the, the, a, a | DET | ADJ | Mandatory | Articles. The indefinite article ein is homonymous with the numeral “one” but they have different tags. | |
| bg | един, една, едно, едни | PRON | ADJ | Mandatory | Articles. The indefinite article един is homonymous with the numeral “one” but they have different tags. | ||
| en | I, you, he, she, it, we, they, one, myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself | PRON | PRON | NOUN | Impossible | Personal pronouns have two cases (direct/nominative, and oblique/accusative). We do not count English possessive pronouns as the genitive case of personal pronouns. | |
| de | ich, du, er, sie, es, wir, ihr, sie, man, einander | I, you (Sing), he, she, it, we, you (Plur), they, one, each other | PRON | PRON | NOUN | Impossible | Pronouns inflect for case but out of the four German cases for nouns, only three are used for pronouns. Personal pronouns do not have a genitive form and possessive pronouns (with adjective-like forms) are used instead. |
| cs | já, ty, on, ona, ono, my, vy, oni, ony, ona, se | I, you (Sing), he, she, it, we, you (Plur), they (Masc), they (Fem), they (Neut), oneself (Reflex) | PRON | PRON | NOUN | Impossible | Pronouns inflect for case (7 different cases in Czech) but regardless the case, personal (non-possessive) pronouns are never determiners. Note that Czech allows that noun phrases are post-modified by genitive noun phrases, this construction is one of the possible means to express possession, but the genitive noun phrase cannot be a genitive personal pronoun. A possessive pronoun must be used instead. |
| bg | аз, ти, той, тя, то, ние, вие, те, себе си, се, на себе си, си | I, you (Sing), he, she, it, we, you (Plur), they (Plur), oneself (Reflex) | PRON | PRON | NOUN | Impossible | Only 3rd singular pronouns have gender; other inflect in number and case (non-reflexive have nominative, accusative and dative, while reflexive have only accusative and dative). |
| en | my, your, his, her, its, our, their | PRON | PRON | ADJ | Mandatory | Possessive pronouns (adjectival forms). | |
| en | mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs | PRON | PRON | NOUN | Impossible | Possessive pronouns (standalone forms). (Or should we say that this is the genitive of personal pronouns?) | |
| de | mein, dein, sein, ihr, unser, euer | my, your (Sing), his / its, her / their, our, your (Plur) | PRON | DET | ADJ | Likely | Possessive pronouns. |
| cs | můj, tvůj, jeho, její, náš, váš, jejich, svůj | my, your (Sing), his/its, her, our, your (Plur), their, oneself's (Reflex) | PRON | PRON | ADJ | Likely | These are not genitive forms of personal pronouns! (They exist but they are different.) These are nominative forms of possessive pronouns, which behave like adjectives. They have different forms for different genders; one must use the form that agrees with the modified (possessed) noun in gender, number and case. |
| bg | мой, твой, негов, неин, наш, ваш, техен, свой | my, your (Sing), his/its, her, our, your (Plur), their, oneself's (Reflex) | PRON | PRON | ADJ | Likely | The possessive pronouns can take definite article (моя(т), твоя(т) etc.). These forms inflect in gender and in number. They have also clitic counterparts -- ми, ти, му, й, ни, ви, им. |
| mt | tiegħi, tiegħek, tiegħu, tagħha, tagħna, tagħkom, tagħhom | my, your (Sing), his, her, our, your (Plur), their | PRON | PRON | ADP+NOUN | Unlikely | These words originated as combinations of the preposition ta' “of” and personal pronoun suffixes. Thus they literally correspond to “of me, of you” etc. Their only similarity to adjectives is that they are also placed after the noun they modify (the possessed noun), but this may be a pure coincidence. Unlike Maltese adjectives, the possessive pronouns do not agree with the possessed noun in gender. Besides these possessive pronouns, Maltese can also express possession by inflection of the possessed noun. That actually means that the personal pronoun suffixes are attached directly to the noun: dar “house”, dari “my house”, darek “your (Sing) house”, daru “his house”, darha “her house”, darna “our house”, darkom “your (Plur) house”, darhom “their house”. |
| en | this, that | DET | ADJ | Possible | The that that works as subordinating conjunction is considered a different word, homonymous with the determiner. | ||
| de | dies | this | PRON | PRON | NOUN | Impossible | Lemma is dieser and there are also adjectival forms that work like determiners. |
| de | dieser, jener, solcher, derselbe | this, that, such, the same | PRON | DET | ADJ | Likely | For dieser there is also the substantive form dies that is used as a standalone noun phrase. It is described in a separate row of this table. |
| de | derjenige | the one | PRON | PRON | ADJ | Possible | Morphology is adjectival (gender and number inflection) but it usually appears without a parent noun. Instead, it is itself modified by a relative clause, e.g. Derjenige, der den Pythagoras nicht kapiert… “The one who does not understand Pythagoras…” |
| cs | ten (to), tento, tenhle, tamten, onen, takový, týž, tentýž | the (it), this, this, that, that, such, same, same | PRON | PRON | ADJ | Likely | Demonstratives mostly inflect for gender and modify nouns adjectively. Only the neuter gender of a subset of these words (to, toto, tohle, tamto) can be used alone as a true pronoun (it, this, that). |
| bg | този, тази, това, тези, онзи, онази, онова, онези | this.MASC, this.FEM, this.NEUT, these.PL, that.MASC, that.FEM, that.NEUT, those.PL | PRON | PRON | ADJ | Likely | Demonstratives inflect for gender in singular, and number. The neuter forms easily substantivize. |
| en | who, what, whoever, whatever | PRON | NOUN | Impossible | What can also work as a determiner (what an opportunity; what mosques) similar to which. That is considered a different homonymous word and gets a different tag even in the original tagset (see below). | ||
| de | wer, was | who, what | PRON | PRON | NOUN | Impossible | Interrogative and relative pronouns. |
| cs | kdo, co | who, what | PRON | PRON | NOUN | Impossible | |
| en | which, what, whatever | DET | ADJ | Likely | What can also work as a pronoun. That is considered a different homonymous word and gets a different tag even in the original tagset (see above). | ||
| de | welcher, der | which, that | PRON | PRON | ADJ | Possible | Interrogative and relative pronouns. The relative pronoun der is homonymous with the definite article but they have different tags. |
| en | whose | PRON | ADJ | Likely | In the Penn Treebank, it is tagged WP$, which means interrogative / relative possessive pronoun. | ||
| de | wessen, dessen | whose | PRON | PRON | ADJ | Likely | Interrogative / relative possessive pronouns. |
| cs | jaký, který, čí, jenž | which (quality), which (selection), whose, that (Rel) | PRON | PRON | ADJ | Possible | |
| en | somebody, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everything, nobody, nothing | NOUN | NOUN | NOUN | Impossible | ||
| de | jemand, etwas, niemand, nichts | somebody, something, nobody, nothing | NOUN | NOUN | NOUN | Impossible | |
| cs | někdo, něco, kdokoli, cokoli, nikdo, nic | somebody, something, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing | PRON | PRON | NOUN | Impossible | |
| en | some, any, every, each, all, no, another, both, such, either, neither | DET | ADJ | Likely | |||
| de | irgendeiner, irgendwelcher, mancher, anderer, jeder, alle, beide, keiner | some (quality), some (selection), some (selection), other, every, all, both, no | DET | ADJ | Likely | Anderer “other” is sometimes tagged as adjective, sometimes as substantive pronoun and sometimes as attributive pronoun (determiner). | |
| cs | nějaký, některý, něčí, jakýkoli, kterýkoli, číkoli, každý, nijaký, žádný, ničí | some (quality), some (selection), someone's, any (quality), any (selection), anyone's, every / each, no such (quality), no (selection), no one's | PRON | PRON | ADJ | Likely | |
| cs | všechen | all / everybody / everything | PRON | PRON | ADJ | Unlikely | This word can be used as a determiner but most of the time it is used as a standalone pronoun that would be translated as “everyone, everything”. |
| de | wieviel | how much | PRON / DET | ADJ | Possible | ||
| cs | kolik | how many / how much | NUM | NUM | NUM > 4 | See note | This word may actually govern the counted noun by dictating that it be in genitive. In other situations it agrees with the noun in case. This is a morpho-syntactic behavior parallel to higher-value cardinal numerals, but definitely not to Czech adjectives. Nevertheless, we have been treating this word as a language-specific subtype of determiner, to be parallel with English many. It may also occur without the counted noun but one could argue that it is ellipsis. |
| de | soviel | so much | PRON / DET | ADJ | Possible | ||
| cs | tolik | that many / that much | NUM | NUM | NUM > 4 | See note | This word may actually govern the counted noun by dictating that it be in genitive. In other situations it agrees with the noun in case. This is a morpho-syntactic behavior parallel to higher-value cardinal numerals, but definitely not to Czech adjectives. Nevertheless, we have been treating this word as a language-specific subtype of determiner, to be parallel with English many. It may also occur without the counted noun but one could argue that it is ellipsis. |
| en | many, few, little, much, several, more, most, less, least | ADJ / ADV | ADJ / ADV | ADJ / ADV | Likely | The words much, more, most and little, less, least can also function as adverbs and if they do, they are also tagged so in the original tagset. | |
| de | einiger, vieler, weniger, meister | some (quantity or selection), many, few, most | DET | ADJ | Possible | ||
| de | bißchen, viel, wenig, mehr | bit, much, little, more | PRON | NUM? | Possible | These indefinite quantifiers modify a quantified uncountable noun (possibly elided) without taking an adjective-like suffix for gender/number agreement. This makes their behavior similar to cardinal numbers, but they are not used with countable nouns (with countable nouns the adjectival suffixes would be needed). | |
| cs | několik | some (quantity) / a few / several | NUM | NUM | NUM > 4 | See note | This word may actually govern the counted noun by dictating that it be in genitive. In other situations it agrees with the noun in case. This is a morpho-syntactic behavior parallel to higher-value cardinal numerals, but definitely not to Czech adjectives. Nevertheless, we have been treating this word as a language-specific subtype of determiner, to be parallel with the treatment of cardinal numerals and English English determiners. It may also occur without the counted noun but one could argue that it is ellipsis. |
| cs | mnoho, málo, hodně, více, méně | many / much, few / little, many / much, more, less / fewer | NUM / ADV | NUM / ADV | NUM > 4 | See note | These words share properties of the indefinite numerals introduced above, including the ambivalent relation to counted nouns. But they are also similar to adverbs, in that they can be compared. And they are also used as either numerals (quantity) or adverbs (when they modify adjectives, adverbs or verbs). |
| cs | kolikátý | what rank | NUM | NUM | ADJ | Likely | Interrogative / relative ordinal numeral. Kolikáté pivo máš? means “How many beers have you had?” but literally it is something like “How-many-th beer do-you-have?” |
| cs | tolikátý | that rank | NUM | NUM | ADJ | Likely | Demonstrative ordinal numeral. |
| cs | několikátý | some rank / umpteenth | NUM | NUM | ADJ | Likely | Indefinite ordinal numeral. |
| cs | kolikrát | how many times | NUM | NUM | ADV | Impossible | Interrogative / relative multiplicative numeral. |
| cs | tolikrát | so many times | NUM | NUM | ADV | Impossible | Demonstrative multiplicative numeral. |
| cs | několikrát | several times | NUM | NUM | ADV | Impossible | Indefinite multiplicative numeral. |
| cs | pokolikáté | after how many times | NUM | NUM | ADV | Impossible | Interrogative / relative multiplicative-ordinal numeral. Pokolikáté už se to stalo? “How many times has this happenned?” lit. approx. “How-many-th-time already itself this happenned?” |
| cs | potolikáté | after how many times | NUM | NUM | ADV | Impossible | Demonstrative multiplicative-ordinal numeral. |
| cs | poněkolikáté | after several times | NUM | NUM | ADV | Impossible | Indefinite multiplicative-ordinal numeral. |
| en | where, when, how, why, wherever, whenever | ADV | ADV | ADV | Impossible | Interrogative / relative adverb. | |
| de | wo, wohin, woher, wann, wie, warum, weshalb, wonach, wobei, womit, wozu, wofür, wodurch, woran, worüber, worin, wogegen, worauf, woraus, worum, wohinein, woraufhin, wovor | where, where to, where from, when, how, why, hence, after which, by which, with which, to which, for which, through which, on which, over which, in which, against which, on which, from which, about which, into which, onto which, before which | ADV | ADV | ADV | Impossible | Interrogative / relative adverb. |
| cs | kde, kam, odkud, kudy, kdy, odkdy, dokdy, jak, proč | where, where to, where from, where through, when, since when, until when, how, why | ADV | ADV | ADV | Impossible | Interrogative / relative adverb. |
| en | here, there, now, then, so | ADV | ADV | ADV | Impossible | Demonstrative adverb. | |
| de | da, dahin, daher, hier, dort, dorthin, jetzt, dann, so, darum, deshalb, damit, dabei, dafür, dazu, davon, darauf, dagegen, darüber, daran, zudem, darin, außerdem, danach, darunter, dadurch, daraus, trotzdem, davor, deswegen, demnach, daraufhin, seitdem, dahinter, hierzu, daneben, … | here, here (to), from here, here, there, there (to), now, then, so, that's why, thus / therefore, with that, by that, for that, to that, from that, on that, against that, over that, on that, to that, in that, except that, after that, under that, through that, from that, though, before that, therefore, thus, then, since then, behind that, to this, besides that, … | ADV | ADV | ADV | Impossible | Demonstrative adverb. |
| cs | tady, tam, sem, odsud, odtamtud, tudy, tadytudy, tamtudy, teď, tehdy, potom, tentokrát, tak, proto | here, there, here (to), from here, from there, through here, through here, through there, now, then, then, this time, so, because of that | ADV | ADV | ADV | Impossible | Demonstrative adverb. |
| en | somewhere, sometimes, somewhat, somehow, anywhere, anytime, anyhow, anyway, anyways, everywhere, always | ADV | ADV | ADV | Impossible | Indefinite adverb. | |
| de | irgendwo, irgendwann, irgendwie, überall, immer, jederzeit, manchmal | somewhere, sometime, somehow, everywhere, always, anytime, sometimes | ADV | ADV | ADV | Impossible | Indefinite adverb. |
| cs | někde, někam, odněkud, někudy, někdy, nějak, kdekoli, kamkoli, odkudkoli, kudykoli, kdykoli, jakkoli, všude, všudy, vždy | somewhere, to somewhere, from somewhere, through somewhere, sometime(s), somehow, anywhere, to anywhere, from anywhere, through anywhere, anytime, anyhow, everywhere, through everywhere, always | ADV | ADV | ADV | Impossible | Indefinite adverb. |
| en | nowhere, never, nohow | ADV | ADV | ADV | Impossible | Negative adverb. | |
| de | nirgendwo, nirgends, nie(mals), keineswegs | nowhere, nowhere, never, in no way | ADV | ADV | ADV | Impossible | Negative adverb. |
| cs | nikde, nikam, odnikud, nikudy, nikdy, nijak | nowhere, to nowhere, from nowhere, through nowhere, never, nohow | ADV | ADV | ADV | Impossible | Negative adverb. |


Examining Quality Hits
When the queries have finished processing, you can view the results. For each query, Caliper displays the total number of hits in the Instances box. Because hits do not apply to filter sets, the Instances field displays N/A when a filter set is selected.
Hits are those instances in your source that have been found to exceed threshold values set forth in the query definition (see Editing Threshold Queries). Not every hit is an actual coding violation, as what constitutes a violation can only be determined by your individual organization. However, it is good practice to investigate each hit thoroughly to examine its importance and create a strategy for fixing it, if necessary.
While reviewing Caliper analysis results, you can easily set attributes for individual hits. This gives you the ability to catalog your hits and perform remediation of those issues you determine to be coding violations.


ryan
kam
Hi! I'm a front end web developer based in Toronto. Check out some
stuff
I've
built
or just
say
hi
.
ryanplkam@gmail.com


I am a Computer Science student at Georgia Tech. My threads are Information Internetworks and Systems and Architecture, and I am interested in pursuing Information Security.
ResumeScalable, socially aware apps are just the beginning.
Everything from Bootstrap and JavaScript to Node.js and Tomcat.
Knee-deep in registry entries and config files? That's what I call home.
Sometimes it's just a matter of knowing the languages and the algorithms. I know them well.
I can't wait to hear back from you. Feel free to connect with me on LinkedIn or shoot me an email!
770-262-0836


Freddie Flintoff reveals real reason he won't watch Top Gear
The former cricketer, 42, told the PA news agency that he finds it too embarrassing to watch anything he does for TV with his wife Rachael Wools Flintoff and their three children
by James Rodger, https://www.facebook.com/jamesrodgerjournalistAndrew "Freddie" Flintoff's family will be sitting down to watch the Top Gear Christmas special - but he will not be joining them.
The former cricketer, 42, told the PA news agency that he finds it too embarrassing to watch anything he does for TV with his wife Rachael Wools Flintoff and their three children.
Alongside his Top Gear co-presenters Paddy McGuinness and Chris Harris, the sportsman travelled to Nepal to film a festive feature for the BBC Two motoring show.
He also said his youngest child might be worried by the episode, which sees the trio navigating perilous mountain roads in city cars.
He said: "My kids have seen me in all sorts. From drag to Chippendales to all sorts. I struggle watching anything I do with the family. Just because it's a bit embarrassing.
"The kids will watch it and the family will watch it. Whether they will watch it together, I'm not sure. But the younger ones especially, I think they would be a bit worried. It's hard to explain."
He also said it took one of his children two days to check he was okay after he crashed a three-wheeled cycle-car at York's Elvington Airfield.
Flintoff overshot the runway during a time trial drag race in September, but suffered no serious injuries.
He told PA: "My kid phoned me up two days later, saying I know you have had a bit of an accident.
"In a bizarre way, what I do is normal to my kids.  It's not a big deal."
McGuinness said of the incident: "When that actually happened we were actually laughing. It was quite funny."
The Top Gear Christmas special airs on BBC Two on December 29.


{% extends 'hackathon/base.html' %} {% block head-content %} {% endblock %} {% block body %}
His past roles: Associate at Bain Capital, Senior Associate at McKinsey & Co, Investment Banking analyst at Citigroup, Product Manager at Bloomreach, Offer at BCG San Francisco
Her past roles: Vice President at Angel Island Capital, Associate at Tennenbaum Capital Partners, Investment Banking Analyst - Rothschild
His past roles: Investment Banking Analyst - Energy JPMorgan Chase, Associate at Riverstone Holdings, VP - Business Development at Three Rivers Operating Company III LLC


John Haiducek
...this last step is complicated by the lack of an agreed-upon method for identifying substorms
| SWMF events | Obs. events | |
|---|---|---|
| AL | 100 | 156 |
| MPB | 192 | 167 |
| Dipolarizations | 145 | 77 |
| IMAGE/FUV | - | 97 |
| LANL EP data | - | 109 |
| Plasmoids | 397 | - |
| All | 97 | 102 |
| SWMF events | Obs. events | |
|---|---|---|
| AL | 100 | 156 |
| MPB | 192 | 167 |
| Dipolarizations | 145 | 77 |
| IMAGE/FUV | - | 97 |
| LANL EP data | - | 109 |
| Plasmoids | 397 | - |
| All | 97 | 102 |
| Observations | |||
| Y | N | ||
| Model | Y | 17 | 80 |
| N | 85 | 1,306 |
HSS > 0 (good)...but is it significantly greater than zero?
Also, this was obtained using a particular threshold (2.5) for identifying a substorm in both the model and the observations...do we get positive skill scores for other thresholds?


This is an R Markdown document. Markdown is a simple formatting syntax for authoring HTML, PDF, and MS Word documents. For more details on using R Markdown see http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com.
Load the libraries
library(tidyverse)
library(RCurl)
## Warning: package 'RCurl' was built under R version 3.5.2
## Loading required package: bitops
##
## Attaching package: 'RCurl'
## The following object is masked from 'package:tidyr':
##
## complete
library(dplyr)
library(readr)
library(scales)
##
## Attaching package: 'scales'
## The following object is masked from 'package:purrr':
##
## discard
## The following object is masked from 'package:readr':
##
## col_factor
library(ggthemes)
## Warning: package 'ggthemes' was built under R version 3.5.2
Load the data
test3 <- getURL("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fivethirtyeight/data/master/marriage/divorce.csv")
divorcedata <- read.csv(text = test3)
This was an attempt at finding a code to make the y scale a percent. The code tested was (This code is not in a code chunk because the file will not knit wiht in incorrect code): scale_y_continous(labels=scales::percent)
This code chunk was on trying to find a way to convert data to percents
help(percent)
HS_percent <- percent(divorcedata$HS_3544)
divorcedata$HS_percent = divorcedata$HS_3544*(100)
The follwing are attempts at converting data to percents. They did not list how they come up with “completed college” variable, so i had to try various different ways and then graph them to see if i got the same line that they did.
divorcedata$HS_percent = divorcedata$HS_3544*(100)
divorcedata$HSP = divorcedata$HS_3544*(100)
divorcedata$CSTotal = divorcedata$BAp_3544 + divorcedata$BAo_3544 + divorcedata$GD_3544
divorcedata$CSTotal2 = divorcedata$BAp_3544 + divorcedata$BAo_3544
divorcedata$CSP2 = divorcedata$CSTotal2*(100)
divorcedata$CSP = divorcedata$CSTotal*(100)
divorcedata$SCP = divorcedata$SC_3544*(100)
I am attempting at plotting just one line with a percent. Failed due to scale_y_ continous: HS <- ggplot(divorcedata) + geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = HS_3544)) HS + scale_y_continous(labels=scales::percent)
This is an attempt at plotting one line
HS <- ggplot(divorcedata) +
geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = HS_3544))
Keeping code that i wanted to try to use to plot the percent, and the limit i wanted to set it too
scale_y_continuous(name = "percent", limits = c(0, 25))
## <ScaleContinuousPosition>
## Range:
## Limits: 0 -- 25
Here I tested out the scaling code with the plotting code. It was not working.
ggplot(divorcedata) +
geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = HS_3544)) + scale_y_continuous(name = "percent", limits = c(0, 25))
This is when i tried to make the graph of divorce rates by education
ggplot(divorcedata) +
geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = HS_3544))
I had to do further testing of various percents to match theirs. I wish more infomration had been given on how they went from teh dataset to the variables in the graph.
divorcedata$HS_percent = divorcedata$HS_3544*(100)
divorcedata$HSP = divorcedata$HS_3544*(100)
divorcedata$CSTotal = divorcedata$BAp_3544 + divorcedata$BAo_3544 + divorcedata$GD_3544
divorcedata$CSTotal2 = divorcedata$BAp_3544 + divorcedata$BAo_3544
divorcedata$CSP2 = divorcedata$CSTotal2*(100)
divorcedata$CSP = divorcedata$CSTotal*(100)
divorcedata$SCP = divorcedata$SC_3544*(100)
Succesful maping with one percent. now time to add in more lines
ggplot(divorcedata) +
geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = HSP)) +
scale_y_continuous(name = "percent", limits = c(0, 25))
Figuring out how to get colors to match the best
ggplot(divorcedata) +
geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = HSP, color = "HSP")) +
geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = SCP, color = "Some College")) +
geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = CSP2, color = "all college")) +
scale_y_continuous(name = "percent", limits = c(0, 25))
The final percents for the other two variables
divorcedata$HSP = divorcedata$HS_3544*(100)
divorcedata$SCP = divorcedata$SC_3544*(100)
divorcedata$BAP = divorcedata$BAp_3544*(100)
Trying to get labels
ggplot(divorcedata) +
geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = HSP), color = 'blue') +
geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = SCP), color = 'light blue') +
geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = BAP), color = 'purple') +
scale_y_continuous(name = "percent", limits = c(0, 25)) +
ggtitle("Divorce Rates by Education: Ages 35-44") +
scale_color_discrete(name = "education level", breaks=c("HSP", "SCP", "BAP"), labels=c("High School", "Some College", "Bachelors")) +
theme(legend.position = "right")
More attempts at labeling on graph (not included in a code chunk because file will not knit) ggplot(divorcedata) + geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = HSP), color = ‘blue’) + geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = SCP), color = ‘light blue’) + geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = BAP), color = ‘purple’) + scale_y_continuous(name = “percent”, limits = c(0, 25)) + ggtitle(“Divorce Rates by Education: Ages 35-44”) + scale_color_discrete(name = “education level”) + geom_dl(aes(label = Education), method = list(dl.combine(“first.points”, “last.points”), cex = 0.8)
still working, but can’t get the labels exaclty how I would like them
ggplot(divorcedata) +
geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = HSP, label = "High School"), color = 'blue') +
geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = SCP), color = 'light blue') +
geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = BAP), color = 'purple') +
scale_y_continuous(name = "percent", limits = c(0, 25)) +
ggtitle("Divorce Rates by Education: Ages 35-44")
## Warning: Ignoring unknown aesthetics: label
AND FINALLY ALL THE PIECES TOGETHER. The code below produced my most successful figure! I also attempted to match the colors to the one online, which only used shades of blue.
ggplot(divorcedata) +
geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = HSP), color = 'cyan') +
geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = SCP), color = 'navy blue') +
geom_line(mapping = aes(x = year, y = BAP), color = 'light blue') +
scale_y_continuous(name = "percent", limits = c(0, 25)) +
labs(title = "Divorce Rates by Education", subtitle = "Ages 35-44", x = "years") +
annotate("text", x= 1990, y = 23, label = "Some college") +
annotate("text", x= 2000, y = 13, label = "High school or less") +
annotate("text", x= 2005, y = 5, label = "College Graduates") +
theme_fivethirtyeight() +
geom_segment(aes(2000, 6, xend = 2000, yend =10.1)) +
geom_segment(aes(2000, 15, xend = 2000, yend = 17)) +
geom_segment(aes(1990, 17, xend = 1990, yend = 21))
The original plots and article can be found at: https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/marriage-isnt-dead-yet/


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Great Service 5/5 Stars Easy process to follow. I had great fun designing the name plaque for the cottage and the actual sign was better than expected. I love it !!
5/5 Stars
Easy process to follow. I had great fun designing the name plaque for the cottage and the actual sign was better than expected. I love it !!


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block head %} {% endblock %} {% block header %}
Recaptcha says you aren't human and Alex has a strict no 'bots policy on messages. If Recaptcha has got it wrong and you are human you can try again or contact alex on Twitter or Linked-in.
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Data Design 'stab' at Medium.com
What this page tries to explain.
In my initial go around with data design and organizing the entities, their attributes and the entity to entity relationships, I took a screen shot of the home page of Medium.com.
I then drew GREEN/BLUE rectangles over Entities and RED rectangles over attributes of those entities.
Entities
In my initial view, I found 2 main entities that grabbed my attention:
- Articles(GREEN)- These are the main 'things' on the page that have to be saved to our database. Each article is an instance of the 'table' named Articles.
- Authors/(BLUE)- These people can be categorized as an entity
Attributes
The attributes I've found describe characteristics on the Entities
- Titles of ARTICLE(RED)- These describe who wrote the article
- Date written of ARTICLE-The date the article was written is also put in our database.
- Name of AUTHOR- This is something we would want to save in a database.


3. Tutorial¶
In this tutorial section you will find examples of codes to learn gradually how to use asynchronous SSH programming for network devices (i.e. network switches or routers) with netscud.
3.1. Simple command¶
This first example is a very basic program that sends a command to a device then print it out.
Here is the complete example:
# Python library import
import asyncio, netscud
async def task():
"""
Async function
"""
my_device = {
"ip": "<IP_ADDRESS>",
"username": "cisco",
"password": "cisco",
"device_type": "cisco_ios",
}
# Creation of a device
async with netscud.ConnectDevice(**my_device) as sw1:
# Command to send
cmd = "show interfaces description"
# Sending command
output = await sw1.send_command(cmd)
# Display message
print(output)
# Main function call
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Main async loop
asyncio.run(task())
Explanation:
At the beginning it shows how to define the parameters of a network device (IP address, Login, Password and Device type) with a python dictionary. Parameters must be adapted according to your device.
my_device = {
"ip": "<IP_ADDRESS>",
"username": "cisco",
"password": "cisco",
"device_type": "cisco_ios",
}
netscud.ConnectDevice() is a function that is used for connecting a device and returns an object used to interact with the device with various methods. The default connection is performed in SSH. Do pay attention that a “with” instruction is used (also known as context manager) which allows to have an automatic close of the connection with the device.
# Creation of a device
async with netscud.ConnectDevice(**my_device) as sw1:
Commands to the device is sent with send_command() method. Parameters to send_commands can be a string variable (send_command(cmd)) or a string (send_command(“show interfaces description”)). A string with the result of the command is returned; here in the output variable. send_command() is used for sending reading commands to a device; it is not made for writing commands to a device (like send_config_set() below).
# Sending command
output = await sw1.send_command(cmd)
Then the result is printed out on the screen.
 Without context manager¶
netscud allows not to use context manager (“with” instruction) but in that case more commands are needed for the same purpose. Example 1 is preferred since there is no need to close connections manually which is less prone to errors.
Here is an example:
# Python library import
import asyncio, netscud
async def task():
"""
Async function
"""
my_device = {
"ip": "<IP_ADDRESS>",
"username": "cisco",
"password": "cisco",
"device_type": "cisco_ios",
}
# Creation of a device
sw1 = netscud.ConnectDevice(**my_device)
# Connection to the device
await sw1.connect()
# Command to send
cmd = "show interfaces description"
# Sending command
output = await sw1.send_command(cmd)
# Display message
print(output)
# Disconnection
await sw1.disconnect()
# Main function call
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Main async loop
asyncio.run(task())
3.3. Config command¶
send_command() sends commands mostly for reading information (like Cisco IOS “show” commands). But in order to send configuration commands to a switch or a router send_config_set() is to be used. Basically send_config_set() is equivalent as all the commands that can be sent in “configure terminal” mode on Cisco IOS devices.
In this example 3 commands are sent to a network device:
# Python library import
import asyncio, netscud
async def task():
"""
Async function
"""
my_device = {
"ip": "<IP_ADDRESS>",
"username": "cisco",
"password": "cisco",
"device_type": "cisco_ios",
}
# Connection to the device
async with netscud.ConnectDevice(**my_device) as sw1:
# Commands to send
cmds = [
"interface FastEthernet1/0",
"ip address <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>",
"no shutdown",
]
# Sending command
output = await sw1.send_config_set(cmds)
# Display message
print(output)
# Main function call
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Main async loop
asyncio.run(task())
Explanation:
send_config_set() accepts either a string or a list of strings; in this case all the strings are commands to configure the network device.
In this example a list of 3 commands are selecting an interface, set its IP address then enable it.
# Commands to send
cmds = [
"interface FastEthernet1/0",
"ip address <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>",
"no shutdown",
]
# Sending command
output = await sw1.send_config_set(cmds)
Thus before this program a network device could get this configuration:
R1#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 <IP_ADDRESS> YES NVRAM up up
FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual up up
FastEthernet1/0 unassigned YES manual administratively down down
FastEthernet1/1 unassigned YES DHCP up up
Ethernet2/0 unassigned YES DHCP up up
Ethernet2/1 unassigned YES NVRAM up up
Ethernet2/2 unassigned YES NVRAM up up
Ethernet2/3 unassigned YES NVRAM up up
R1#
At runtime the program gives that result:
c:\>config_command.py
configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#interface FastEthernet1/0
R1(config-if)#ip address <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#
c:\>
Then on the network device we have that configuration:
R1#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK?  Managing exceptions¶
It can be useful to manage an error triggered by an exception. The following example shows how to do that.
# Python library import
import asyncio, netscud
async def task():
"""
Async function
"""
my_device = {
"ip": "<IP_ADDRESS>",
"username": "cisco",
"password": "cisco",
"device_type": "cisco_ios",
}
try:
# Connection to the device
async with netscud.ConnectDevice(**my_device) as sw1:
# Command to send
cmd = "show interfaces subscription"
try:
# Sending command
output = await sw1.send_command(cmd)
# Display message
print(output)
except Exception as error:
# Error during connection
# Display message
print("Error:\n" + str(error))
# Leave the program
return
except Exception as error:
# Error during connection
# Display message
print("Error: " + str(error))
# Leave the program
return
# Main function call
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Main async loop
asyncio.run(task())
Explanation:
The command sent is wrong for a Cisco IOS device: “show interfaces subscription” command which does not exist is sent to the device instead of “show interfaces description”.
The result would be the following if we do not catch the exceptions:
c:\>managing_exceptions.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
[...]
raise Exception(output)
Exception: ^
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
Exception ignored in: <function _ProactorBasePipeTransport.__del__ at 0x03DF6850>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python3\lib\asyncio\proactor_events.py", line 116, in __del__
File "C:\Python3\lib\asyncio\proactor_events.py", line 108, in close
File "C:\Python3\lib\asyncio\base_events.py", line 719, in call_soon
File "C:\Python3\lib\asyncio\base_events.py", line 508, in _check_closed
RuntimeError: Event loop is closed
c:\>
The first “try … except” is used for connection problems. The error message after the “except Exception as error:” part can be adapted to your needs.
try:
# Connection to the device
async with netscud.ConnectDevice(**my_device) as sw1:
# Command to send
cmd = "show interfaces subscription"
[...]
except Exception as error:
# Error during connection
# Display message
print("Error: " + str(error))
# Leave the program
return
The second “try … except” is used for errors with the command sent. It can be a wrong command or a time out.
# Command to send
cmd = "show interfaces subscription"
try:
# Sending command
output = await sw1.send_command(cmd)
# Display message
print(output)
except Exception as error:
# Error during connection
# Display message
print("Error:\n" + str(error))
# Leave the program
return
Then the result with the exceptions caught gives:
c:\>managing_exceptions.py
Error:
^
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
c:\>
3.5. API¶
Some commands are common to many devices that is why some API commands have been added to netscud.
The API commands have two advantages:
There is not need to remember the network device command
A single command can used for many different type devices
The second advantage is very useful in a concurrency program (we will see that in “Inventory advanced” chapter).
That example below show how to use the API get_model() method on a Cisco SG3XX device.
# Python library import
import asyncio, netscud
async def task():
"""
Async function
"""
my_device = {
"ip": "<IP_ADDRESS>",
"username": "cisco",
"password": "cisco",
"device_type": "cisco_s300",
}
# Creation of a device
async with netscud.ConnectDevice(**my_device) as device:
# Sending command
output = await device.get_model()
# Display message
print(output)
# Main function call
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Main async loop
asyncio.run(task())
Explanation:
The get_model() method of the network device is giving the model of the current device in the output variable (a string type).
# Sending command
output = await device.get_model()
The result of the script depends on the network device. So here is an example of result for a Cisco SG3XX device:
c:\>api.py
SG350-10 10-Port Gigabit Managed Switch
c:\>
Note
The list of all API is available in the API chapter, see API.
3.6. Inventory simple¶
Since it can be annoying to specify all devices in a script netscud provide a way to use inventories. An inventory is a list of devices with their parameters and is stored in a yaml file.
Scripts can be reused with different inventories and the login and password are not stored in the code.
Like the dictionary used in script it defines a device with:
A Reference (it could be its name)
IP address
Login
Password
Device type
By default the inventory file is called “hosts.yaml” and is located in “./inventory”.
Here is an example of inventory “./inventory/hosts.yaml”:
Device1:
ip: <IP_ADDRESS>
username: cisco
password: cisco
device_type: cisco_s300
Device2:
ip: <IP_ADDRESS>
username: cisco
password: cisco
device_type: cisco_ios
So basically 2 devices are defined with their parameters: one for a Cisco SG3XX network device and another one for a Cisco IOS device.
The following example shows how to use the inventory but do not explain how to use it with a device; that will be seen in the next chapter.
# Python library import
import asyncio, netscud
# from netscud import Inventory
from netscud.inventory import Inventory
async def main_task():
"""
Async main function
"""
# Create an inventory with the devices from yaml file
My_inventory = Inventory()
# Get the list of all devices from the inventory
my_devices = My_inventory.get_all_devices()
# Display message
print("All the devices:")
# Display the devices one by one
for device in my_devices:
print(device)
# Get the list of some devices from the inventory
my_devices = My_inventory.select(device_type="cisco_ios")
# Display message
print("\nCisco IOS devices:")
# Display the devices one by one
for device in my_devices:
print(device)
# Main function call
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Main async loop
asyncio.run(main_task())
Explanation:
The first thing to do is to import the Inventory class. That class will be used to load and manipulate the data into the inventory.
# from netscud import Inventory
from netscud.inventory import Inventory
This instruction creates an Inventory object and read the “./inventory/hosts.yaml” file.
# Create an inventory with the devices from yaml file
My_inventory = Inventory()
Then there are 2 options:
Either we get the list of all the devices
Or we filter (i.e. select) only the devices we want
All the devices
get_all_devices() method is giving back all the devices of the inventory. The list is a list of dictionaries; it is similar as an inline declaration of devices in a script.
# Get the list of all devices from the inventory
my_devices = My_inventory.get_all_devices()
Filtering devices
It is possible to select a device from the Inventory with:
Its name (“name”)
Its device type (“device_type”)
So mainly the filter method will be used for selection a specific device (with its name or IP address) or a group de device of the same type.
The method used for selecting a group of device is called select() and is expecting a parameter with a string value.
The following command from the example select all the devices the “device_type” parameter set to “cisco_ios”; that is all the Cisco IOS devices of the inventory. In this example just one device is selected.
# Get the list of some devices from the inventory
my_devices = My_inventory.select(device_type="cisco_ios")
The result of the script is this one; it first display all the devices then a specific type of device:
c:\>inventory_simple.py
All the devices:
{'ip': '<IP_ADDRESS>', 'username': 'cisco', 'password': 'cisco', 'device_type': 'cisco_s300', 'name': 'Device1'}
{'ip': '<IP_ADDRESS>', 'username': 'cisco', 'password': 'cisco', 'device_type': 'cisco_ios', 'name': 'Device2'}
Cisco IOS devices:
{'ip': '<IP_ADDRESS>', 'username': 'cisco', 'password': 'cisco', 'device_type': 'cisco_ios', 'name': 'Device2'}
c:\>
3.7. Inventory advanced¶
The previous chapter introduced the management of an inventory.
This chapter explains how to use netscud inventories with:
API commands
Managing exceptions
Using concurrency
# Python library import
import asyncio, netscud
# from netscud import Inventory
from netscud.inventory import Inventory
async def run_client(**host):
"""
async function used by each device individually
"""
# Default returned value
output = ""
try:
# Connection to the device
async with netscud.ConnectDevice(**host) as device:
# Sending command
output = await device.get_version()
# Display message
print("output: '" + str(output) + "'")
except:
# If something is wrong then an error message is displayed
print("Error")
# Return result
return output
async def main_task():
"""
Async main function
"""
# Create an inventory with the devices from yaml file
My_inventory = Inventory()
# Get the list of all devices from the inventory
my_devices = My_inventory.get_all_devices()
# Create a group of tasks (generator) for all the devices
tasks = (run_client(**device) for device in my_devices)
# Run the tasks concurrently and collect the results
result = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
# Display message
print("\nResult:\n'" + str(result) + "'")
# Main function call
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Main async loop
asyncio.run(main_task())
Explanation:
The inventory “./inventory/hosts.yaml” is the same as before:
Device1:
ip: <IP_ADDRESS>
username: cisco
password: cisco
device_type: cisco_s300
Device2:
ip: <IP_ADDRESS>
username: cisco
password: cisco
device_type: cisco_ios
After main_task() aync function is launched an inventory is read and all the devices of this inventory is stored into a list of devices in the my_devices variable.
# Create an inventory with the devices from yaml file
My_inventory = Inventory()
# Get the list of all devices from the inventory
my_devices = My_inventory.get_all_devices()
Then a generator called “tasks” is created with the list of devices. If you are not familiar with generator concept just copy or adapt the command.
run_client() is the function used for all devices. It takes as parameter a device with all its parameters.
# Create a group of tasks (generator) for all the devices
tasks = (run_client(**device) for device in my_devices)
We have created the “tasks” generator in order to send concurrent commands to the asyncio function gather(). gather() runs functions in concurrency. This example using gather() function shows well one of the advantage of using async techniques in network programming; no needs of processes or threads.
gather() must be awaited and is expecting the generator “tasks” as a parameter. The result is a list of answers for each devices. The gather() function is ended when all tasks are finished.
# Run the tasks concurrently and collect the results
result = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
run_client() runs an API command for each device to get the version of the device and then print out the result. If an error occurs then an exception is caught and a message (“Error”) is displayed.
Finally if a result has been returned by the device then it is returned so that gather will get the value for that specific device. The message disaplyed by print function is not mandatory; it is just here for educational purpose and could be remove.
async def run_client(**host):
"""
async function used by each device individually
"""
# Default returned value
output = ""
try:
# Connection to the device
async with netscud.ConnectDevice(**host) as device:
# Sending command
output = await device.get_version()
# Display message
print("output: '" + str(output) + "'")
except:
# If something is wrong then an error message is displayed
print("Error")
# Return result
return output
The result of the script is the following. As you can see every time the run_client() function is run a “print(“output”) is displayed but as said before it could be remove. The result received by gather() in the result variable is a list of strings; one for each device.
c:\>inventory_advanced.py
output: '15.2(4)S5'
output: '<IP_ADDRESS>'
Result:
'['<IP_ADDRESS>', '15.2(4)S5']'
c:\>
3.9. Special prompt¶
In some cases it can be useful to answer to a question a network device is asking from a command.
Thus in Cisco SG3XX device it can be necessary to answer to a yes/no question.
Here is an example:
switch#wr
Overwrite file [startup-config].... (Y/N)[N] ?N
switch#
If we send a send_command() as usual it will end with a time out because this command expect to get a prompt return; here it would be “switch#” which does not exist in the string “Overwrite file [startup-config]…. (Y/N)[N] ?”.
# Python library import
import asyncio, netscud
async def task():
"""
Async function
"""
my_device = {
"ip": "<IP_ADDRESS>",
"username": "cisco",
"password": "cisco",
"device_type": "cisco_s300",
}
# Creation of a device
async with netscud.ConnectDevice(**my_device) as sw1:
# Command to send
cmd = "write memory"
# Special pattern (from "Overwrite file [startup-config].... (Y/N)[N] ?")
pattern = "?"
# Sending command
output = await sw1.send_command(cmd, pattern)
# Command to send
cmd = "y"
# Sending command
output += await sw1.send_command(cmd)
# Display message
print(output)
# Main function call
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Main async loop
asyncio.run(task())
Explanation:
The solution is to use a special parameter in the send_command() command.
First in addition to the command we use a second parameter here called pattern with the expected string pattern or the end of this pattern.
# Command to send
cmd = "write memory"
# Special pattern (from "Overwrite file [startup-config].... (Y/N)[N] ?")
pattern = "?"
# Sending command
output = await sw1.send_command(cmd, pattern)
Then the second command is just answering the device answer.
# Command to send
cmd = "y"
# Sending command
output += await sw1.send_command(cmd)
The result of the script is the following:
c:\>special_prompt.py
Overwrite file [startup-config].... (Y/N)[N] ?Y
06-Oct-2020 22:08:32 %COPY-I-FILECPY: Files Copy - source URL running-config destination URL flash://system/configuration/startup-config
06-Oct-2020 22:08:33 %COPY-N-TRAP: The copy operation was completed successfully
c:\>
3.10. Telnet simple¶
Async Telnet is supported by netscud even though it is not a secure protocol.
# Python library import
import asyncio, netscud
async def task():
"""
Async function
"""
my_device = {
"ip": "<IP_ADDRESS>",
"username": "cisco",
"password": "cisco",
"device_type": "cisco_s300",
"protocol": "telnet",
}
# Creation of a device
async with netscud.ConnectDevice(**my_device) as sw1:
# Command to send
cmd = "show ip route"
# Sending command
output = await sw1.send_command(cmd)
# Display message
print(output)
# Main function call
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Main async loop
asyncio.run(task())
As you can see the only difference with SSH connection is the “protocol” parameter in the definition of the device with the value “telnet”. API and send_command() can be used as usual.
my_device = {
"ip": "<IP_ADDRESS>",
"username": "cisco",
"password": "cisco",
"device_type": "cisco_s300",
"protocol": "telnet",
}
The result given is:
c:\>telnet_simple.py
Maximum Parallel Paths: 1 (1 after reset)
IP Forwarding: enabled
Codes: > - best, C - connected, S - static
S <IP_ADDRESS>/0 [1/4] via <IP_ADDRESS>, 10:20:58, vlan 2
C <IP_ADDRESS>/24 is directly connected, vlan 2
c:\>


The Starter Pack makes it easy to start a new Hosted Web App project based on a W3C Web App manifest. It comes with everything you need, including:
To get started, first fork the repo. Then clone to your machine and install the dependencies.
git clone https://github.com/<USERNAME>/hwa-starter.git && cd hwa-starter
npm install
To set up a local server with BrowswerSync to serve the content:
npm run serve
Next you can generate and launch a Windows app pointing to localhost
. This has the same features as viewing your app in the browser, such as automatic refresh with BrowserSync, but it also allows you to access the Windows APIs from JavaScript.
npm run launch:local
The first step to move to production is to deploy the build output from the dist/
folder. If you'd like to use Github Pages, you can simply run the following command:
npm run deploy
You can create an APPX package with your app contents for submission to the Windows Store, even on platforms that do not support installing the Windows SDK such as OS X and Linux.
Generate the app pointing at production content:
npm run generate:prod
Optionally test the production app locally using:
npm run launch:prod
appmanifest.xml
file located in the tmp/prod/<APP-NAME>/windows/manifest
directory of the app with the identity details. The app manifest XML has already included placeholders indicating where each piece of information needs to be replaced.Build the APPX package:
npm run package
This project has adopted the Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct. For more information see the Code of Conduct FAQ or contact<EMAIL_ADDRESS>with any additional questions or comments.


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{{resourceService?.frmelmnts?.lbl?.desktop?.failedListLabel}}
{{resourceService?.messages?.stmsg?.changeContentLocationWarning }}
{{resourceService?.frmelmnts?.lbl?.chooseContentLocationDrive}}


Box Style
Styled box borders and lines for

tags. Must be paired with a matching evo-box
as shown on the box page.
box-solid
box-solid

Apply the box-solid
class, as in the above example.
box-[side]-solid
box-top-solid
box-bottom-solid
box-left-solid
box-right-solid

Apply a box-[side]-solid class such as box-right-solid
, as in the above example.
box-dotted
box-dotted

Apply the box-dotted
class, as in the above example.
box-[side]-dotted
box-top-dotted
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Apply a box-[side]-dotted class such as box-right-dotted
, as in the above example.
box-dashed
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Apply the box-dashed
class, as in the above example.
box-[side]-dashed
box-top-dashed
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box-left-dashed
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Apply a box-[side]-dashed class such as box-right-dashed
, as in the above example.
box-double
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Apply the box-double
class, as in the above example.
box-[side]-double
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Apply a box-[side]-double class such as box-right-double
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These Are The Bash Shell Commands That Stand Between Me And Insanity
These Are The Bash Shell Commands That Stand Between Me And Insanity
I will not profess to be a bash shell wizard… but I have managed to scour some pretty helpful little scripts from Stack Overflow and modify them to suit my needs.
All of these commands are for Ubuntu/WSL … some may work in other scenarios but I can’t guarantee it.
As of this writing I have about 120 more bash snippets I regularly use… I am not writing the whole article right now but I wanted to get it started so I feel obligated to finish it!
Recursive Unzip followed by recursive delete zip:
Remove spaces from file and folder names
Find and replace in string/folder names
find . -type f -exec rename ‘s/string1/string2/g’ {} +
Remove numbers from file names
find $dir -type f | sed ‘s|\(.*/\)[^A-Z]*\([A-Z].*\)|mv \”&\” \”\1\2\”|’ | sh
Delete files within size range ( for when GitHub cries about file size):
find . -size +386b -a -size -390b -exec rm -f {} \;
Create symbolic link to working directory
ln -s “$(pwd)” ~/mylink
Remove any traces of a git repository:
find . \( -name “.git” -o -name “.gitignore” -o -name “.gitmodules” -o -name “.gitattributes” \) -exec rm -rf — {} +
Replace spaces in filenames with underscores
for file in *; do mv “$file” `echo $file | tr ‘ ‘ ‘_’` ; done
Remove Empty Files and Folders:
find . -empty -type f -print -delete
find . -empty -type d -print -delete
or
find . -depth -exec rmdir {} \;


Regular Expressions
The Power of the Regex
11/23/2015
Week 8 Technical Blog Post
A regular expression is a block of code, or expression the performs a search for a particular piece or pieces of data in a page or text. Regular Expressions are often referred to by the truncated name "regex" or "regexp" or "regexes"(plural)."he concept arose in the 1950s, when the American mathematician Stephen Kleene formalized the description of a regular language, and came into common use with the Unix text processing utilities ed, an editor, and grep (global regular expression print), a filter." ~Wikipedia~
You've probably used regexes before whether you're aware of it or not. Many search engines use them to locate whatever search term you give them. Word processors and text editors also use them for search and replace functions. Most languages have some form of regular expressions including Perl, JavaScript, Ruby, AWK, and Tcl, and others via a standard library, for example .NET languages, Java, Python, POSIX C and C++ (since C++11). Other languages offer regular expressions via a library.The regular expression here:
(?<=\.) {2,}(?=[A-Z])
matches at least two spaces occurring after period (.) and before an upper case letter as highlighted in the text below.
Each character in a regex is known as a "metacharacter", which is a character that has a special meaning on a program, such as a shell interpreter or a regex engine or a "regular" character, which has what's known as a literal meaning. the expression defines what pattern in the text that it will look for based on these characters. THey can search for a very specific chunk of data or a more broad generalization or category of pieces of data. An example of each would be if you wanted to find the term "ECMAScript", that would be called a precise equality because the expression will return any terms that fit that description precisely. More generally, you could search for any email addresses within a page or text:
The regular expression here:
\b[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,}\b
describes a series of characters(letters, digits, punctuation) that are followed by an @ symbol and then followed by another series of characters, then followed by a single dot and 2 or more letters. Can you guess what this expression will search for?.....
If you said an email address, you're right! This will search through a file and locate any instances that fit the structure of an email such as<EMAIL_ADDRESS>that has a<EMAIL_ADDRESS>type structure. As you can probably imagine, the applications of regular expressions are many and they are used frequently across almost all languages and types of programs.They are indeed a powerful weapon in your code arsenal. To learn more about how they work or how to use them visit some of these sites:
~Wikipedia - Regular Expressions~
~W3 Schools JavaScript Regular Expressions~
Courtesy of:
www.ILoveJackDaniels.com


DISSERTATION
LIFE HISTORY OF PHYSALOPTERA RARA HALL AND WIGDOR, 1918, IN DEFINITIVE, INTERMEDIATE, AND PARATENIC HOSTS
Submitted by
John L. Olsen
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado
August, 1971
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.


4DCu.be
a blog about programming, gaming, technology, ...
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Fighting Batch Effects with pyComBat
Even high-end scientific equipment can have a bad day! Machine performance can be affected by ambient temperature, humidity, … so when samples are measured in different batches, this needs to be corrected for. In this post we’ll have a look at the Python package pyComBat which does this elegantly and...
-
A Python powered MacroPad/StreamDeck
I decided to put left-over parts from my mechanical keyboard and a Raspberry Pi Pico to good use and build a MacroPad. This is a small keypad, where each switch can be programmed with a certain button or combination of buttons to quickly execute often needed shortcuts. Streamers often have...
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Adding Aqara Sensors to Home Assistant
Home Assistant is running great! It is time to add some more devices to my setup, and since all groundwork to add Zigbee devices using Zigbee2MQTT was done previously (check out this post) it makes sense to add more devices that support this protocol. For this post I picked up...
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Gwent Popularity Article on TBG!
Recently Team Bandit Gang’s very own Babyjosus has been very active pushing out new Gwent content! He has been interviewing people of the community (including me) about the decks they play and why in the series Whats in my Deckbuilder. Their PodCast, the Iron Falcon Report, even got a shout...
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PCA Plots with Loadings in Python
Like the previous Code Nugget, this bit of code will add some often needed features to PCA plots done with Python. Here the loadings and variance explained will be added to the plot, this is something that is included by default in R’s biplot(), but in Python there is more...
-
Correlation Heatmaps with Significance in Python
While Pandas and Seaborn offer very quick ways to calculate correlations and show them in a heatmap. Whether those correlations are statistically significant or not is omitted from those plots. Over the years I’ve collected bits and pieces of code, like this, that turn out to be quite useful. Though...
-
Building a Bluetooth Speaker Part 2
Finished my Kyber Crystal Crate Bluetooth speaker as shown in The Smuggler’s Room. The electronics inside were discussed in part 1. The shell is printed in PETG which had some issues with the details as the retraction settings were not dialed in 100% yet, so the prints required a fair...


{{ 'We will send reset link on your registered email address' }}
{{"Otp is required"}}
{{"Password is required"}}
{{"Minimum 8 characters required"}}


LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: Bloomberg, Patrick clueless
by THE WASHINGTON TIMESANALYSIS/OPINION:
So former Massachusetts Gov. Deval Patrick and former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg have thrown their hats in the 2020 presidential ring (“Former Mass. Gov. Deval Patrick enters 2020 presidential race,” Web, Nov. 14). My reaction to the first candidate is, Who are you?
Do these unpopular, unenergetic individuals who enter presidential races do it to lose money? Are their egos so big that they actually believe they have a chance? Have they ever left their bubbles to put their thumbs on the pulse of the American people?  Please, by all means, waste your time and money.
STEPHEN PHILLIPS
Kihei, Hawaii
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Please read our comment policy before commenting.


Geodecisions drives your making decision processes relying on several GIS systems under the hood.
Geodecisions is aimed to help a wide spectrum of users, from single users to big enterprises in all kind of decisions in which geographic information could be a factor.
The main unit of interaction for a Geodecisions user is the Decision process or just process, what is, summarizing a lot, the fact of make a decision.
One process is populated with one or more decision factor during their inception and after.
Additionally, every process has one or more tags, which allow users get informed about similar processes.
As coolest feature, is the decisions stream of the process, which is a stream of related and relevant information for the process, based in the process carried out by the whole community.
Geodecisions is built on top of the concept of decision factor. A decision factor is what moves a person to select one option over another one.
Every decision factor in Geodecisions has several sources of geographic information which will help users during their process of make a decision.
Evolving in order to support more and more decision factors is a continuously task for the Geodecisions team.
Geodecisions gives every user a stream of decisions which are being taken or which has been taken before, using the tags subsystem.
This means that by default, some information of every decision process is share with the whole community, but no private information is share without explicit approval of the user.


{% extends "!layout.html" %} {% block document %} {% if version != stable_version %}
You are currently browsing documentation for the {{ version }} branch. Documentation for the stable {{ stable_version }} branch can be found here.


K-pop star Goo Hara left 'pessimistic' note, South Korean police say
SEOUL – K-pop singer Goo Hara left a “pessimistic” note, police said on Monday, a day after the former member of top South Korean girl group Kara was found dead.
“A handwritten note that was pessimistic about her life was found on a living room table,” Lee Yong-pyo, commissioner of the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency, told reporters.
Fans mourning Goo’s death flocked to her funeral home Monday, while her colleagues canceled their schedules and relayed condolences.
Goo, 28, was discovered at her home in southern Seoul by her maid at around 6 p.m. on Sunday, Lee said.
Better known as Hara in other parts of Asia, Goo had spoken out against cyberbullying.
In June, a month after she was found unconscious at her home and hospitalized, she said on social media that it was difficult to fight depression and vowed to respond sternly to malicious online comment.
“It is so sad that she had to suffer from vicious, inhumane comments at such a young age just because she was a celebrity,” said 20-year-old student Kim Nam-gun, one of about two dozen fans who gathered at the funeral home.
Goo debuted with five-member band Kara in 2008. They helped fan the global K-pop wave, building large fan bases in Japan, China and other countries.
After her deal with a South Korean management agency was terminated, Goo launched a solo career in Japan and held a concert there this month.
Another K-pop star, Sulli, a former member of girl group f(x) and a close friend of Goo’s, was found dead at her home in October. Sulli, 25, whose real name was Choi Jin-ri, had also spoken out about cyber bullying.
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SampleRP server is intended to demonstrate barebone functionality that RP app server would need in order to utilize SecureKey briidge.Net Connect platform.
Get Pairing Code


{% extends 'email/layout.html' %} {% block content %}
Your password has been changed.
{% if security.recoverable %} {% set forgot_url = url_for('security_controller.forgot_password', _external=True) %}If you did not change your password, click here to reset it or copy the following URL into your browser:
{{ forgot_url }}
{% endif %} {% endblock %}


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Prismatic Mirror
Friendly mages enchant the armor of their allied Mirror Knights to burn, freeze and shock any attacker with arcane power.
${value} Elemental Damage Retaliation
min: [16.0, 22.0, 28.0, 34.0, 40.0, 46.0, 52.0, 58.0, 64.0, 70.0, 76.0, 82.0, 88.0, 94.0, 100.0, 106.0]
MaxLevel
12
UltimateLevel
16


add
ss
Call from your app to safely extend the 'ss' internal API object passed through to your /server code
new add(name, fn);


Table of contents
Setup
Precondition and Environment
We used a Raspberry PI 2B.
Clone or Download the Git-Repository.
Run ’setup.py’ to install the requirements which will give you the required binaries. FILE MUSS NOCH ERSTELLT WERDEN
Visual Output
The visual output will be displayed as html in a Browser(Chrome by default). We used selenium for this. To make sure python can evoke a Browser instance we have to pass an executable to it. These can be downloaded here.
You need to specify the path to the directory of your executable. Setting a Path variable in UNIX export PATH=%PATH your/path/
APIs
Create accounts for the API-Services we used and replace the placeholders in ‘token.py’
-
Wit.Ai API
When creating a new app pass the wit.zip-file when asked for it. See this Tutorial.
For the API-Key navigate to ‘Settings’ inside your wit.ai app and “FURHTEREXPLANATIONNEEDED”
-
Darksky.net API
Once you created an Account get your API-KEY here.
-
Google Maps Geocoding API
Once you created an Account get your API-KEY here.
Heading4
Content
Heading5
Content


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block Content %} {% load staticfiles %}
On Saturday, July 28, 2012 the 37th annual meeting of the Rockman Reunion was called to order by our President, Mary Mertinke, at River Park in Mosinee. A moment of silence was observed for those that have passed on from us.
A total of 64 members attended the meeting, of which 40 where adults.
Kay Lamb
gave the treasurers report:
- Last year we ended with a balance
of $360.77
- $83.50 was spent on the cemetery beautification, on
the graves of our loved ones
- Current balance of $277.27 in the
general fund.
- Current
balance of $633.18 in the savings account.
- Larry and Marylou
Rockman donated $10.00 to the cemetery fund.
- The
Virginia Miller Knights family donated $100.00 to be put in the
general fund and used as needed.
Mark Brilowski made a
motion to accept the treasures report and Rick Miller seconded it.
Meeting minutes from last year were e-mailed out and posted on the family website.
Larry Rockman said no money was needed for the website upkeep. He said we are good for a couple of years yet. Larry said the website address is: www.ohrockman.com and you can e-mail Larry at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Larry asked everyone to please, send more information for the website and asked us all to look over want is already on the website to make sure it is correct.
Nancy Houghtby asked if we will continue to have this reunion at River Park. Ken Rieck, who has for a number of years taken care of securing the park for us, has already reserved the park for 2013. Lynn input that the playground and bathrooms are a long way away, and maybe we should look at other options like Desert Park.
Nancy Houghtby reported that she found a cousin of ours on Face book. His name is Ulf Leadvikson. Nancy said he speaks good English and he told Nancy to say “hi” to all of us. He lives in Pranheim, Norway.
Mary again mentioned that we have River Park for the entire day. She asked everyone what they thought about staying longer at the park. Mary and Kay Lamb will be discussing this topic and will come up with some fun and interesting things for us to do next year. Mary is going to work on a Rockman trivia sheet for us to do. Hopefully, everyone will plan to stay longer next year and get to know each other better.
Jerry mentioned that years ago the kids would be taken to another place to play games so the meeting could go on and adults talk. Some discussion on this followed.
Nancy Houghtby mentioned we could bring graduation or birth pictures to figure out who is who as a fun game.
This is an election year! Nancy Schilling nominated Mary Mertinke for another two year term. Mary Lou Rockman seconded it. Mary graciously accepted.
Lisa Schilling willingly accepted the position of secretary for two more years.
Kay Lamb is our treasurer “until we ask her to retire”.
Judy Martino reported on the scholarship fund. The recipient of the Helen and Oscar Memorial Scholarship this year was Jennifer Gliniecki.
Judy also reported that Maria and Steve Hudson will be adopting a baby boy from South Carolina and will pick him up in August. Please pray for them as they give of themselves in this wonderful undertaking.
The Brilowski’s have a new baby granddaughter named Samantha.
Kay Lamb thanked everyone for their prayers for Alan Rockman and his family in the loss of their young daughter Callie. Kay asked for continued prayers for the family.
Nancy Houghtby reported on her dad’s health. Al will be moving soon to an assisted living complex. Al has had a series of small strokes and has some dementia going on.
Nicole Rockman introduced her friend, Drea from Stevens Point.
A round of applause was given to Diane Michalski for the wonderful job she does taking care of the cemetery plots that belong to our loved ones.
Mary is
going to be looking to update contact information, when you send to
her please let her know if you want to be listed or unlisted.
Listed means that other members of the family can be provided your
contact information if requested.
Suggestion was made to have
a cork board with the meeting minutes, treasures report, scholarship
fund and other information on it so people can view and read.
Sandy Sachman made a motion to adjourn the meeting. Lynn DeSalvo seconded the motion.


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Remember, practice makes perfect! Keep your grip light and remember to relax your hand!
Mr Sticks, Professional chopsticks consultant
Smoothly mixing wasabi with your soysauce is no easy feat - it took me 5 years to master this technique, but it's worth it.
Mrs. Sauces, Condiments Company Owner
Sushi solves all problems
Mr Food, Frequent Sushi Eater


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You can train the model at the beginning of your algorithm and you can periodically re-train it as the algorithm executes.
You need historical data to initially train the model at the start of your algorithm. To get the initial training data, in the Initialize
method, make a history request.
training_length = 252 self.training_data = {} history = self.History(self.symbols, training_length, Resolution.Daily).unstack(0).close for symbol in self.symbols: self.training_data[symbol] = RollingWindow[float](training_length) for close_price in history[symbol]: self.training_data[symbol].Add(close_price)
To train the model, define a method that fits the model with the training data.
def get_features(self): close_price = pd.DataFrame({symbol: list(data)[::-1] for symbol, data in self.training_data.items()}) log_price = np.log(close_price) log_normal_price = (log_price - log_price.mean()) / log_price.std() return log_normal_price def my_training_method(self): features = self.get_features() self.model.fit(features.T.values)
To train the model at the beginning of your algorithm, in the Initialize
method, call the Train
method.
self.Train(self.my_training_method)
To periodically re-train the model as your algorithm executes, in the Initialize
method, call the Train
method as a Scheduled Event.
# Train the model every Sunday at 8:00 AM self.Train(self.DateRules.Every(DayOfWeek.Sunday), self.TimeRules.At(8, 0), self.my_training_method)
To update the training data as the algorithm executes, in the OnData
method, add the current TradeBar
to the RollingWindow
that holds the training data.
def OnData(self, slice: Slice) -> None: for kvp in slice.Bars: self.training_data[kvp.Key].Add(kvp.Value.Close)