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Guidance
Guidance on the teacher misconduct regulatory system and disciplinary procedures.
This is for:
It applies to:
It aims to inform teachers, hearing witnesses and employers (or employment or supply agencies) of what will happen at each stage of the investigation, hearing and decision-making processes.
Please also read ‘ Teacher misconduct: the prohibition of teachers ’.
The system is operated by the National College for Teaching and Leadership (NCTL), an executive agency of the Department for Education, on behalf of the Secretary of State.
Pupil referral units provide education for children who can’t go to a mainstream school.
Non-maintained special schools provide education for children with special educational needs that the Secretary of State for Education has approved under section 342 of the Education Act 1996.


1 Chronicles 3:5
And these were born unto him in Jerusalem; Shimea, and Shobab, and Nathan, and Solomon, four, of Bathshua the daughter of Ammiel:


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Task team established to fight congestion at Cape Town port | IOL News
Cape Town - Western Cape member of the executive council (MEC) for economic affairs David Maynier on Monday said he has established a task team to solve ongoing congestion in the Cape Town port.
"We are concerned by the significant issues at the Port of Cape Town particularly with regards to congestion at the container terminal. These issues are impacting on the costs and efficiencies of the logistics and export industries, and are impeding economic growth and job creation in the Western Cape," Maynier said.
He said a meeting was held with all stakeholders, including exporters and importers, trucking companies, Transnet, the South African Revenue Service and representatives of shipping lines.
The meeting reflected on the root causes of the delays at the port, among them institutional matters, port capacity, and the traffic flow of trucks carrying containers into and out of the port.
Maynier said a more efficient port was crucial as exports were in key in creating jobs and economic growth in the province.


Note: This review was originally posted at ChicagoRuby.org/book-reviews.
Ruby on Rails 3 Tutorial is well suited for beginning Ruby on Rails developers. Advanced developers will find it useful as well. Here’s why:
- Sometimes, as we become more advanced, we miss fundamentals along the way. Ruby on Rails 3 Tutorial will help to fill in the gaps.
- It is possible to know a concept so well that you can’t express it in words. If you’re an advanced developer, and you need to explain a concept to someone less advanced, you might not have the words to express your thoughts. This book can give you good building blocks for your explanations.
Like most Rails books, this one starts with a few paragraphs about the Ruby language and the Rails framework. This book differs from some others because the author strives to build good craftsmanship practices in the reader. The earliest chapters introduce source code version control (using Git and GitHub), test driven development (using RSpec), and cloud hosting (using Heroku). By chapter two, the reader has already created and pushed to a GitHub repo. Very effective, very clear.
Advanced users who want to brush up on best practices like TDD will appreciate Hartl’s coverage and explanations of the practices. No developer with critical thinking skills will do something simply because “all the cool kids” are doing it. When Hartl talks about TDD, he does not preach it as a panacea against bugs, but he states (realistically) that TDD makes bugs more likely to be caught and fixed when they occur.
Hartl expresses a healthy level of irreverence for some of the semantics of our profession. When discussing the difference between TDD and behavior driven development (BDD), he states “Frankly, I’m not convinced there’s much of a difference.” This approach builds trust. You get the feeling that you’re listening to a fellow developer who has fought and defeated many of the dragons that you’re currently facing.
Ruby on Rails 3 Tutorial is not a quick read. One reviewer, Derek Sivers of CD Baby, mentions in the jacket notes that he finished the book in three days. It’s certainly possible to read RoR3T in three days. But readers who want to truly absorb the material will spend time working through the examples, breaking code, fixing it, and generally immersing themselves in all this Ruby on Rails goodness.
Ruby on Rails 3 Tutorial is a well-written book with clear explanations and useful examples. Highly recommended.


The AMI EE-3G-A3 and A1R modules have embedded a group of protocols that make them reliable, safe and fast in the transport of the measurement information from the energy meters to the central server.
The GPRS communication modules for Elster meter allow remote administration of meters and automatic collection of readings, with a low cost of data transmission.
We provide a personalized service for the maintenance and repair of your equipment.
For greater convenience and speed, we can access your computer remotely and solve any incident in a matter of minutes.
For any questions or technical questions, you can go directly to our technical department through email soporte.equipos@easymetering.com


Historic sites visits on PEI 2004 to 2015
A visualization of PEI Historic sites visits on PEI 2004 to 2015
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API Documentation¶
Note
These instructions cover the programmatic usage of the EarthLife Consortium RESTful API version 1. All requests will include /api_v1 in the base path and use the HTTP GET protocol.
An interactive web-based sandbox is available for exploring the API. The API can, of course be called directly using a browser, cURL or using your favorite HTTP library such as Requests. The generated query URL is available in the sandbox for copying and editing.
Occurrences¶
Occurrences are the individual instances of fossils in time and space. Occurrences of taxa can be specified at any taxonomic level bound by any units of time and spatial delimitation.
- Base path
http://earthlifeconsortium.org/api_v1/occ?
Parameters
taxon=taxon_name|genus+species
- A single name or comma-separated list of taxa at any taxonomic level or a 2-3 word pair referring to a single species. As spaces are not allowed in HTTP URLs, the taxon names must be connected by a “+” symbol or a “%20” escape sequence. Type: str.
Note
Paleobiology Database: Taxonomic names returned by the Paleobiology Database reflect synonymies as entered from the published scientific literature and are dynamically updated. Documentation of the Paleobiology Database data model is provided by Peters, S.E. and McClennen, M., 2016. The Paleobiology Database application programming interface. Paleobiology, 42(1), pp.1-7.
Neotoma: Taxonomic names returned by the Neotoma databases reflect a static taxonomy as determined by taxonomic experts. Details of these determinations can be found here.
ELC API returns for any given taxon will include each database’s understanding of what is contained in the given taxon. If the taxonomic name does NOT occur in the given database, the ELC API will not return any data from that database. These two taxonomic concepts may not be the same in each included database.
bbox=POLYGON((...))
- Geographic bounding box for constraining the response. Must be a strictly formatted OGC WKT Polygon. The unaffiliated tool OpenStreetMap WKT Playground may be useful in graphically creating a polygon. Paste the generated WKT string into the
bbox
field of the ELC API. Type: str
agerange=geologic_age,[value,value][geologic_age|value]
- A single named geologic age or a comma-separated pair of numerical ages, geologic ages or a combination of the two. Order does not matter, returned ages will always reflect the minimum and maximum from the pairwise set. Type: str or float
Note
At a minimum, a taxon
, bbox
or agerange
parameter must be specified, however more than one of these may be used together to further constrain the query.’
ageunits=ybp|ka|ma
- Units of geologic age to be used in the query. Age values passed to the API will be interpreted in the context of this parameter. All time specific returned values will also be converted to match this parameter. Type: str. Default: “Ma”
coordtype=modern|paleo
- Configure the type of cartesian coordinates to be included in the response. Most resource databases will store the geography of occurrences and other data objects using modern day coordinates. However, with some limitations (see
misc/paleocoordinates
route below) the API is able to convert the coordinates in to a historical projection. Type: str. Default: “modern”
includelower=true|false
- Include all species and subspecies of a named genera in the response. For PBDB the taxonomy system is used, for other databases, this flag triggers wildcard completion. This works well for species epithets but not for higher level taxa. Type: boolean. Default: “true”
limit=value
- Impose a limit on the number of records returned from each database. Useful for testing or in conjuction with the
offset
parameter. Set to a very large number to negate any default limits set on any of the subqueried database resources. Type: int. Default: “999999”
offset=value
- Select a sequential record number to begin the return. Useful in conjunction with
limit
to chunk very large returns. For example,?limit=1000&offset=0
would return the first 1000 records and?limit=1000&offset=1000
the next 1000 records. Handling of this is specific to the resource database and has no relationship of any data record number, merely a database table row. If not included, the response will always begin with the first record. Type: int
output=json|csv
- File format of the data return. Serialized JSON or tabular CSV. The meta-data block is a separate JSON object and thus is not included in the CSV file. The file name of the CSV file will include a shortened MD5 hash of the response data for identification purposes. Type: str. Default: “json”
show=all|poll|idx
Configure the objects to be included in the return. This parameter is ignored if the selected output format is “csv”. Type: str. Default: “all”
all
: All data records and meta-datapoll
: Only the meta-data block with summary statisticsidx
: A list of the endpoints primary data indicies
run=all|database_name[,database_name, ...]
- Single or comma separated list of resource databases for the API to query. Type: str. Default: “all”
Examples
See also
Find number of occurrences of the paleo-programmer’s best friend in each resource database:
http://earthlifeconsortium.org/api_v1/occ?taxon=canis+dirus
Retrieve first 10 occurrences of Pinus with ages reported as years before present:
http://earthlifeconsortium.org/api_v1/occ?taxon=pinus&limit=10&ageunits=ybp&includelower=false
Download all of the whales as tabular data:
http://earthlifeconsortium.org/api_v1/occ?taxon=cetacea&output=csv
Locales¶
A locale is a cube of time-space delimited with geographic units and geologic time bounds.
- Base path
http://earthlifeconsortium.org/api_v1/loc?
Parameters
idlist=database:datatype:id_number,[...]
- Comma separated list of database specific ID numbers in the ELC extended format:
database
: Subquery database name. Only first four characters are read so, for example, either “neot” or “neotoma” may be useddatatype
: Short name for the data object to be returned. This is relative to both the database and the endpoint in questionid_number
: A database specific numerical identifier
Note
ELC extended identifiers are both consumed and produced by various API routes. They consist of a three parameter, colon separated string which provides a universally unique identifier of a data resource object.
Examples of ELC IDs for the locale (/loc
) route would be neot:dst:998
or pbdb:col:9191
. Because of the database specific names for locale data objects, neotoma will only use dst
(dataset) and PBDB will only use col
(collection).
bbox=POLYGON((...))
- Geographic bounding box for constraining the response. Must be a strictly formatted OGC WKT Polygon. The unaffiliated tool OpenStreetMap WKT Playground may be useful in graphically creating a polygon. Paste the generated WKT string into the
bbox
field of the ELC API. Type: str
agerange=geologic_age,[value,value][geologic_age|value]
- A single named geologic age or a comma-separated pair of numerical ages, geologic ages or a combination of the two. Order does not matter, returned ages will always reflect the minimum and maximum from the pairwise set. Type: str or float
Note
If a list of ELC universal identifiers, idlist
, is not provided, then either bbox
or agerange
must be specified.
ageunits=ybp|ka|ma
- Units of geologic age to be used in the query. Age values passed to the API will be interpreted in the context of this parameter. All time specific returned values will also be converted to match this parameter. Type: str. Default: “Ma”
coordtype=modern|paleo
- Configure the type of cartesian coordinates to be included in the response. Most resource databases will store the geography of occurrences and other data objects using modern day coordinates. However, with some limitations (see
misc/paleocoordinates
route below) the API is able to convert the coordinates in to a historical projection. Type: str. Default: “modern”
limit=value
- Impose a limit on the number of records returned from each database. Useful for testing or in conjuction with the
offset
parameter. Set to a very large number to negate any default limits set on any of the subqueried database resources. Type: int. Default: “999999”
offset=value
- Select a sequential record number to begin the return. Useful in conjunction with
limit
to chunk very large returns. For example,?limit=1000&offset=0
would return the first 1000 records and?limit=1000&offset=1000
the next 1000 records. Handling of this is specific to the resource database and has no relationship of any data record number, merely a database table row. If not included, the response will always begin with the first record. Type: int
output=json|csv
- File format of the data return. Serialized JSON or tabular CSV. The meta-data block is a separate JSON object and thus is not included in the CSV file. The file name of the CSV file will include a shortened MD5 hash of the response data for identification purposes. Type: str. Default: “json”
show=all|poll|idx
Configure the objects to be included in the return. This parameter is ignored if the selected output format is “csv”. Type: str. Default: “all”
all
: All data records and meta-datapoll
: Only the meta-data block with summary statisticsidx
: A list of the endpoints primary data indicies
run=all|database_name[,database_name, ...]
- Single or comma separated list of resource databases for the API to query. Type: str. Default: “all”
Examples
See also
Query based on known identification numbers obtained from a different endpoint or elsewhere:
Find locales within a geographic bound roughly covering the Australian state of Victoria:
Note: The WKT format incudes spaces and the “%20”s in string above indicate these spaces (aka. an escape code). These should be automatically inserted if you paste in a WKT polygon string from a site like BoundingBox.
References¶
References returns bibliographic information on the publications from which other data are derived.
- Base path
http://earthlifeconsortium.org/api_v1/ref?
Parameters
idlist=database:datatype:id_number,[...]
- Comma separated list of database specific ID numbers in the ELC extended format:
database
: Subquery database name. Only first four characters are read so, for example, either “neot” or “neotoma” may be useddatatype
: Short name for the data object to be returned. This is relative to both the database and the endpoint in questionid_number
: A database specific numerical identifier
Note
Examples of valid ELC IDs for the references (/ref
) route include pbdb:ref:100
and neot:pub:234
. Database specific datatype names are again used in the ID construct, the ELC API route happens to be called /ref
merely because there can only be one name.
output=json|csv|bibjson|ris
- File format of the data return. Serialized JSON, structured BibJSON, tabular CSV or RIS interchange formats. The meta-data block is a separate JSON object and thus is not included in the CSV file. The file name of the CSV file will include a shortened MD5 hash of the response data for identification purposes. Type: str. Default: “bibjson”
show=all|poll|idx
Configure the objects to be included in the return. This parameter is ignored if the selected output format is “csv”. Type: str. Default: “all”
all
: All data records and meta-datapoll
: Only the meta-data block with summary statisticsidx
: A list of the endpoints primary data indicies
run=all|database_name[,database_name, ...]
- Single or comma separated list of resource databases for the API to query. Type: str. Default: “all”
Examples
See also
Specify a list of references and use the default output format of BibJSON [1]
Taxonomy¶
Taxonomy returns the classification of a given taxon.
- Base path
http://earthlifeconsortium.org/api_v1/tax?
Parameters
taxon=taxon_name|genus+species
- A single name or comma-separated list of taxa at any taxonomic level or a 2-3 word pair referring to a single species. As spaces are not allowed in HTTP URLs, the taxon names must be connected by a “+” symbol or a “%20” escape sequence. Type: str.
Note
Paleobiology Database: Taxonomic names returned by the Paleobiology Database reflect synonymies as entered from the published scientific literature and are dynamically updated. Documentation of the Paleobiology Database data model is provided by Peters, S.E. and McClennen, M., 2016. The Paleobiology Database application programming interface. Paleobiology, 42(1), pp.1-7.
Neotoma: Taxonomic names returned by the Neotoma databases reflect a static taxonomy as determined by taxonomic experts. Details of these determinations can be found here.
ELC API returns for any given taxon will include each database’s understanding of what is contained in the given taxon. If the taxonomic name does NOT occur in the given database, the ELC API will not return any data from that database. These two taxonomic concepts may not be the same in each included database.
idlist=database:datatype:id_number,[...]
- Comma separated list of database specific ID numbers in the ELC extended format:
database
: Subquery database name. Only first four characters are read so, for example, either “neot” or “neotoma” may be useddatatype
: Short name for the data object to be returned. This is relative to both the database and the endpoint in questionid_number
: A database specific numerical identifier
Note
Either a taxon name or a list of ELC formatted taxonomic IDs must be provided. Examples of valid ELC IDs for the taxonomy (/tax
) route include pbdb:txn:929
and neot:txn:34
.
includelower=true|false
- Include all species and subspecies of a named genera in the response. For PBDB the taxonomy system is used, for other databases, this flag triggers wildcard completion. This works well for species epithets but not for higher level taxa. Type: boolean. Default: “false”
output=json|csv
- File format of the data return. Serialized JSON or tabular CSV. The meta-data block is a separate JSON object and thus is not included in the CSV file. The file name of the CSV file will include a shortened MD5 hash of the response data for identification purposes. Type: str. Default: “json”
show=all|poll|idx
Configure the objects to be included in the return. This parameter is ignored if the selected output format is “csv”. Type: str. Default: “all”
all
: All data records and meta-datapoll
: Only the meta-data block with summary statisticsidx
: A list of the endpoints primary data indicies
run=all|database_name[,database_name, ...]
- Single or comma separated list of resource databases for the API to query. Type: str. Default: “all”
Examples
See also
Search all subtaxa of order Carcharocles, making sure that megalodon is where it should be:
http://earthlifeconsortium.org/api_v1/tax?taxon=Carcharocles&includelower=true
Miscellaneous route¶
ELC utilities ancillary to core data retrieval are collected in the misc
controller and are accessible by appending the desired route to the base path.
Paleocoordinates¶
Convert modern day cartesian coordinates into paleocoordinates using the GPlates [2] tectonics reconstruction model. Operationally this model is hosted by the Macrostrat Project [3] at the University of Wisconsin.
- Base path
http://earthlifeconsortium.org/api_v1/misc/paleocoords?
Parameters
coords=latitude,longitude
- Modern day coordinates ranging from latitude -90 to 90 (southern latitudes are negative) and longitude -180 to 180 (western longitudes are negative) decimal degrees of arbitrary precision. Type: float
Warning
Due to restriction in GPlates, some coordinates are not rotatable. In this case, an error message will be returned.
age=value
- Historical age of desired paleocoordinates where
value
is an integer from 1 to 580 Ma or a named geologic age. If a numerical age is specified, it may be in the units of the ageunits parameter. Type: str or int
Note
The Ma 580 limit only applies to the paleocoordinates calculation. agerange
searches in other API routes refer to the actual ages of the paleobiological records and have no limits.
ageunits=ybp|ka|ma
- Units of geologic age to be used in the query. Age values passed to the API will be interpreted in the context of this parameter. All time specific returned values will also be converted to match this parameter. Type: str. Default: “Ma”
Examples
See also
Determine the paleocoordinates of Washington D.C. in the middle of the Eocene:
http://earthlifeconsortium.org/api_v1/misc/paleocoords?coords=38.9,-77.02&age=eocene
Timebounds¶
Return the oldest and youngest ages (bounds) spanning the specified range. Geologic ages are resolved according to ICS definitions [4].
- Base path
http://earthlifeconsortium.org/api_v1/misc/timebound?
Parameters
agerange=geologic_age,[value,value][geologic_age|value]
- A single named geologic age or a comma-separated pair of numerical ages, geologic ages or a combination of the two. Order does not matter, returned ages will always reflect the minimum and maximum from the pairwise set. Type: str or float
ageunits=ybp|ka|ma
- Units of geologic age to be used in the query. Age values passed to the API will be interpreted in the context of this parameter. All time specific returned values will also be converted to match this parameter. Type: str. Default: “Ma”
Examples
See also
Determine the earliest and latest age from the Late Cretaceous epoch through the Selandian stage of the Paleocene:
http://earthlifeconsortium.org/api_v1/misc/timebound?agerange=late+cretaceous,selandian
Time bound of just the Triassic in units of years before present:
http://earthlifeconsortium.org/api_v1/misc/timebound?agerange=triassic&ageunits=ybp
Time range of the Miocene through a selected age of 2 Ma:
http://earthlifeconsortium.org/api_v1/misc/timebound?agerange=2,miocene
Subtaxa¶
Return a list of all taxonomic names hierarchically below the specified taxon, optionally including synonyms.
Warning
This tool leverages the Paleobiology Database taxonomy system and, while comprehensive for many classes, may lack taxa for species that are not the historical focus of the database.
- Base path
http://earthlifeconsortium.org/api_v1/misc/subtaxa?
Parameters
taxon=taxon_name|genus+species
- A single name or comma-separated list of taxa at any taxonomic level or a 2-3 word pair referring to a single species. As spaces are not allowed in HTTP URLs, the taxon names must be connected by a “+” symbol or a “%20” escape sequence. Type: str.
synonyms=true|false
- Include known synonymous names for the children of the specified parent taxon together with recognized names. If “False” only the primary sub taxa will be retrieved. Type: Boolean. Default: “true”
Examples
See also
Retrieve all lower taxa of the family Tyrannosauridae excluding synonyms:
http://earthlifeconsortium.org/api_v1/misc/subtaxa?taxon=tyrannosauridae&synonyms=false
Check to see if there are any known synonyms of Dorudon atrox:
http://earthlifeconsortium.org/api_v1/misc/subtaxa?taxon=dorudon+atrox&synonyms=true
Mobile¶
A custom route designed to return a combination of occurrence data with associated taxonomic and select environmental details. The response is nested JSON with a highly compact vocabulary.
- Base path
http://earthlifeconsortium.org/api_v1/misc/mobile?
Parameters
taxon=taxon_name|genus+species
- A single name or comma-separated list of taxa at any taxonomic level or a 2-3 word pair referring to a single species. As spaces are not allowed in HTTP URLs, the taxon names must be connected by a “+” symbol or a “%20” escape sequence. Type: str.
bbox=POLYGON((...))
- Geographic bounding box for constraining the response. Must be a strictly formatted OGC WKT Polygon. The unaffiliated tool OpenStreetMap WKT Playground may be useful in graphically creating a polygon. Paste the generated WKT string into the
bbox
field of the ELC API. Type: str
Compact vocabulary
| src | ELC formatted unique occurrence ID |
| loc | Location parameter block |
|---|---|
| age | Early, Late age (Ma) |
| crd | Coordinates (GeoJSON) |
| pla | Place (county/district, state/province, country) |
| ste | Site/Collection description |
| org | Organism parameter block |
|---|---|
| img | Phylopic image URI |
| itv | Early, Late geologic existence interval |
| nam | Common name |
| sts | Status of modern existence |
| txn | Taxonomic name |
| eco | Ecology parameter block |
|---|---|
| dte | Diet/Feeding mode |
| env | Environmental description |
| grp | Ecological/Taxonomic grouping/env basis |
| hab | Life habitat, grouping or depth |
| mot | Motility and/or attachment |
| ont | Ontology |
| rep | Mode of reproduction |
| typ | Collection/Dataset type |
| vis | Vision capability |
Examples
See also
Find all occurrences of the extant plant Borreria and the rodent Dasyprocta in Brazil:
- Metadata
- All
full
orpoll
JSON responses include a metadata block which importantly indicates the URLs composed for the resource databases in addition to a timestamp, the age units and the type of geographic coordinates retrieved. If desired, the subquery URL may be used to delve deeper into each individual database. - Error handling
- API errors are reported according to IETF [5] standards including both server level 500 series and client level 400 series HTTP errors. As the ELC API leverages remote data service resources for much of it’s functionality, bad requests to or lack of availability of these remote services may result in the propogation of a 400 level error as ELC is the client in this circumstance.
Footnotes
| [1] | BibJSON: Representing bibliographic metadata in JSON. http://okfnlabs.org/bibjson/ |
| [2] | Wright, N., S. Zahirovic, R. D. Müller, and M. Seton (2013), Towards community-driven, open-access paleogeographic reconstructions: integrating open-access paleogeographic and paleobiology data with plate tectonics, Biogeosciences, 10, 1529-1541. DOI: 10.5194/bg-10-1529-2013 |
| [3] | Macrostrat public API. https://macrostrat.org/#api |
| [4] | Gradstein, F. M., J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz, and G. M. Ogg. 2012. A Geologic Time Scale 2012, Volume 2. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1144 pp. |
| [5] | Internet Engineering Task Force: Problem Details for HTTP APIs. https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-appsawg-http-problem-00 |


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{% extends "_base.html" %} {% from "macros/form_builder.html" import input_builder, range_bulder, select_builder with context %} {% from "macros/whitespace.html" import span with context %} {% import "macros/setting_forms.html" as setting_forms with context %} {% block title %}Astronomy{% endblock %} {% block page %} {{ super() }}


Keeping this general until the machine is retired:
Web is easy enough with a web proxy.
Take the time to throw EVERY list payload in the background while researching other methods of bypass.
Enumeration is key for priv esc. Especially in Docker containers, may not be looking for root right away. Find other ways into low priv access.
Don't spend too much time analyzing binaries. Maybe 30 minutes top. Most of the "CTF" machines will have "obvious" ways of moving on.
LinEnum is fantastic. If you don't know about why something is being flagged, research it.
Even if something seems simple and "couldn't possibly work" try it anyway. You never know what you may find.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Retired!
Directory traversal is replacing unsafely and can be bypassed. Can be verified with a tool like DotDotPwn
str_replace is NOT recursively sanitizing the string (will only replace all instances of ../ one time)
Can list directories and files and find ssh key in /home/nobody/.ssh/.monitor as the 'nobody' user
grep to remove comments and blank lines
| grep -v '^#' | grep .
Once logged in, can see that user has sshd to local host (check the known_hosts file) and we get access as monior to the actual host using the same .monitor ssh key
rbash!
Can write to an executable file '/home/monitor/app-dev/logMonitor
$red /bin/bash
w app-dev/logMonitor
q
will write /bin/bash to logMonitor
Can read more about capabilities with:
man capabilities
CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH allows for:
Bypass file read permission checks and directory read and execute permission checks
Invoke open_by_handle_at(2);
use the linkat(2) AT_EMPTY_PATH flag to create a link to a file referred to by a file descriptor


Companion App for the PyCon 2013 Talk: "Make More Responsive Web Applications with SocketIO and gevent" – view on GitHub
Not currently in any rooms. Click the big blue button.


{% extends "nhs-layout.html" %} {% block page %}
You’ll need to provide another doctor’s note by {{ '' | fortnightplus }} if you’re not able to work.


The purpose of this "mini-project" assignment is to give you experience using Android and Spring to develop a complete client/server Video Upload/Download app. The client-side of this app runs on an Android device and uses Content Providers to store the videos and associated meta-data on the device. It also uses Retrofit to upload and download videos via an extension of the Web Service server you implemented in Assignment 2. You must therefore have a working version of Assignment 2's Video Service to complete this assignment, as well as a good grasp of the material covered in the lectures from weeks 1 through 4.
Since this is a mini-project, there will be no skeletons, though we will walk through an example of a Video Upload app in the week 4 Live Lectures that provides guidance on key aspects of the assignment. You therefore have a great degree of flexibility in how you design and implement this app, as long as it meets the following server- and client-side requirements:
The Video Service should enable each video to have a "star" rating associated with it, where "5 stars" is the highest rating and "1 star" is the lowest rating.
The Video Service should enable clients to store the star rating of a video anonymously (i.e., no need to track/authenticate the identify of a client).
The Video Service should must enable a client to obtain the average of the star ratings of a video.
The client must handle runtime configuration changes robustly, i.e., it should be able to handle screen orientation changes while uploading/downloading videos. Information on how to handle these types of changes is available here A video outlining several approaches to runtime configuration changes appears here.
The client should use Retrofit to communicate with the Video Service, though none of these communications should block the UI thread.
The client should allow uploading a video to the Video Service by making the appropriate Retrofit calls to the Service. It should either enable recording a video and/or using the Android Gallery app to get a video to upload to the Video Service (you must implement one of these mechanisms, it optional to implement both). (Caution: If you decide to get video from the Gallery make sure the minimum SDK of your client is API 19, as discussed here here)
The client should limit the size of an uploaded video to 50MB or less. The client should display an error toast if the the upload video size is greater than 50MB.
The client should download a video from the Video Service by making the appropriate Retrofit calls. Downloaded videos can be stored in either internal storage or external storage.
The client should play the downloaded video or have an option to download it if it is not present in device. You can use VideoView or use an ACTION_VIEW implicit Intent to play video using another Video app on the Android device.
The client should allow the user to give a star rating (i.e., a 1 through 5 star rating) to a video and upload that information to the Video Service via a Retrofit call.
Since the information about the recorded videos or
Gallery videos are stored in the Android MediaStore
Content Provider, which you can query to access meta-data
and media content about videos stored on the device. You
should use a CursorLoader
,
AsyncQueryHandler
, or AsyncTask
to access data from the Content Provider
concurrently.
The client should implement its own Content Provider to
store Video meta-data, such as id
,
title
, duration
,
contentType
,
data_url
, and
star_rating
. In addition to these
fields, you are free to store any other data you like in
your client's Content Provider.
The client should make the appropriate Retrofit calls to the Video Service to get the list of available videos (along with the average star ratings) and display them on the device.
This assignment is designed to deepen your understanding on how to create and integrate an Android client containing Content Providers with an extended version of your Video Service implementation from Assignment 2. We encourage you to examine the Video Upload app for guidance on how to structure your solution, though you are free to be as creative as you'd like, as long as you meet the requirements described above. If you have questions please come to Virtual Office Hours and/or post them on the discussion forums.


Recipe 4.11. Building a Dictionary Without Excessive Quoting
Credit: Brent Burley, Peter Cogolo
Problem
You
want to construct a dictionary whose keys are literal strings,
without having to quote each key.
Solution
Once you get into the swing of Python, you'll find
yourself constructing a lot of dictionaries. When the keys are
identifiers, you can avoid quoting them by calling
dict with named-argument syntax:
data = dict(red=1, green=2, blue=3)
This is neater than the equivalent use of dictionary-display syntax:
data = {'red': 1, 'green': 2, 'blue': 3}
Discussion
One
powerful way to build a dictionary is to call the built-in type
dict. It's often a good
alternative to the dictionary-display syntax with braces and colons.
This recipe shows that, by calling dict, you can
avoid having to quote keys, when the keys are literal strings that
happen to be syntactically valid for use as Python identifiers. You
cannot use this approach for keys such as the literal strings
'12ba' or 'for', because
'12ba' starts with a digit, and
for happens to be a Python keyword, not an
identifier.
Also, dictionary-display syntax is the only case in Python where you
need to use braces: if you dislike braces, or happen to work on a
keyboard that makes braces hard to reach (as all Italian layout
keyboards do!), you may be happier, for example, using dict() rather than { } to build an empty
dictionary.
Calling dict also gives you other possibilities.
dict(d) returns a new dictionary that is an
independent copy of existing dictionary d,
just like d.copy( )but
dict(d) works even when
d is a sequence of pairs (key,
value) instead of being a dictionary (when a
key occurs more than once in the sequence,
the last appearance of the key applies). A
common dictionary-building idiom is:
d = dict(zip(the_keys, the_values))
where the_keys is a sequence of keys and
the_values a
"parallel" sequence of
corresponding values. Built-in function zip builds
and returns a list of (key, value) pairs, and
built-in type dict accepts that list as its
argument and constructs a dictionary accordingly. If the sequences
are long, it's faster to use module
itertools from the standard Python
library:
import itertools
d = dict(itertools.izip(the_keys, the_values))
Built-in function
zip constructs the whole list of pairs in memory,
while itertools.izip yields only one pair at a
time. On my machine, with sequences of 10,000 numbers, the latter
idiom is about twice as fast as the one using
zip18 versus 45 milliseconds with Python
2.3, 17 versus 32 with Python 2.4.
You can use both a positional argument and named arguments in the
same call to dict (if the named argument clashes
with a key specified in the positional argument, the named argument
applies). For example, here is a workaround for the previously
mentioned issue that Python keywords, and other nonidentifiers,
cannot be used as argument names:
d = dict({'12ba':49, 'for': 23}, rof=41, fro=97, orf=42)
If you need to build a dictionary where the same value corresponds to
each key, call dict.fromkeys(keys_sequence, value)
(if you omit the value, it defaults to
None). For example, here is a neat way to
initialize a dictionary to be used for counting occurrences of
various lowercase ASCII letters:
import string
count_by_letter = dict.fromkeys(string.ascii_lowercase, 0)
See Also
Library Reference and Python in a
Nutshell sections on built-ins dict
and zip, and on modules
itertools and string.
|


This syllabus is subject to change based on specific class needs, especially the schedule. Significant deviations will be discussed in class. Individual exceptions to the policies and schedule are granted only in cases of true emergency. Please make arrangements with me if an emergency arises.
An introduction to machine learning with topics in data science and data mining. The course aims to supply students with a useful toolbox of machine learning techniques that can be applied to real-life data. Techniques may include logistic and linear regression, SVMs, decision trees, neural networks, and clustering. The focus will be on developing important skills in preparing data and selecting and evaluating models, though we will delve into the mathematical intuition behind each model.
Possible topics include:
The required course textbook is:
Géron, Aurélien. Hands-On Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn, Keras, and TensorFlow: Concepts, Tools, and Techniques to Build Intelligent Systems (2nd edition). O’Reilly. 2019. ISBN-13:<PHONE_NUMBER>649
I also recommend, but do not require:
Guido, Sarah and Muller, Andreas. Introduction to Machine Learning with Python. O’Reilly. 2016. ISBN-13:<PHONE_NUMBER>415.
We might also use some material from:
Deisenroth, Marc Peter and Faisal, A. Aldo and Ong, Cheng Soon. Mathematics for Machine Learning. Cambridge University Press. 2020. ISBN-13:<PHONE_NUMBER>145. Available at https://mml-book.github.io/.
We’ll be using Python 3 along with several of the standard data science libraries available, including matplotlib, pandas, numpy, and scikit-learn, among others. The easiest way to get set up is to install the Anaconda Python distribution, which includes everything you need. It also includes the Spyder IDE for development, although you are free to develop in any text editor you like. You may also use the department server if you’d like; just send me an email.
Late assignments: You have each been allotted a total of 5 late days. You may apply these to any homework or programming assignment (NOT exams, labs, or reading assignments) you see fit and turn in your solutions with no penalty. Each late days gives you exactly 24 extra hours from the original due date and time. However, you may use at most 2 late days on any individual assignment. The whole point here is to give you some flexibility that allows for things like illnesses, long trips, and the like. I am unlikely to grant further extensions. You must notify me if you will use late days, and how many, BEFORE the assignment is due. Late assignments (beyond any applied late days) will be subject to a grade reduction at my discretion. While you should expect a reasonable penalty for late work, know that I will NEVER give you a 0 for late work as long as it is turned in before the final exam.
Academic dishonesty: Monmouth College’s official policy on academic dishonesty can be found here. You are responsible for reading and complying with that policy.
In this course, any violation of the academic honesty policy will have varying consequences depending on the severity of the infraction as judged by the instructor. Minimally, a violation will result in an “F” or 0 points on the assignment in question. Additionally, the student’s course grade may be lowered by one letter grade. In severe cases, the student will be assigned a course grade of “F” and dismissed from the class. All cases of academic dishonesty must be reported to the Associate Dean who may decide to recommend further action to the Admissions and Academic Status Committee, including suspension or dismissal. It is assumed that students will educate themselves regarding what is considered to be academic dishonesty, so excuses or claims of ignorance will not mitigate the consequences of any violations
Collaboration: We encourage you to make use of the resources available to you – it is fine to seek help from a friend, tutor, instructor, internet, etc. However, copying of answers and any act worth of the label “cheating” is never permissible! In addition to listing your sources and collaborators, you should be producing your own writeup in your own words. By “your own words,” we mean you should be producing the text yourself, without some external aid. Verbatim copying of text is specifically disallowed, but so is taking a source and rearranging some phrases and changing some variable names to create a derivative version! Such behavior is definitely NOT “using your own words.” It does not matter if you helped contribute to this source text with others, since then you are still not the sole author of the text. The point of collaborating on an assignment is not to produce a jointly authored set of solutions, since that violates the course policies. Instead, it is to help you solve the problems, which sometimes involve a bit of creativity. After you have jointly come up with the ideas you need to solve the problems, though, you should part ways with your group and sit down to do the writing by yourself. I also advise against sharing the writeup you submit with others, since if someone else uses your text as a source for their own solution (with or without your permission), you will also be implicated in the violation of the academic integrity policy. In any case, if two nearly identical solutions are received, we have no way of tell which is the original, and the policy is to not award credit for either submission.
Electronic devices: Do not use your phone or other devices in class except where necessary. Any computer or tablet usage should be related to the course. If a device is not being used for Zoom or Socrative it should be put away and turned on silent. Other usage is rude and distracting to others.
General expectations: In short, I expect you to be respectful of others and take responsibility for your own learning. You are here to learn, so work hard and be professional.
Just attending class is not sufficient to truly learn the material. Read the text, use the resources available at Monmouth College, and go beyond the material.
If you miss class, you are responsible for everything covered on that day. College is, in some sense, your job. Take pride in creating quality work. Staple your assignments, label problems, and present your answers neatly and orderly.
Your job is to convince me that you have learned the material – show your work! Even if you do not know a particular answer, guide me through your thought process.
The course workload is as follows:
| Category | Number of Assignments | Final Grade Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Homework | 5–7 | 50% |
| Midterm | 1 | 20% |
| Final | 1 | 20% |
| Participation | - | 10% |
Most (probably all) homework assignments will involve programming. Each exam focuses primarily, but not necessarily exclusively, on material covered since the previous exam. In other words, the final exam may include one or two questions from first-half material.
Your participation grade is based on a variety of activities. During class I will often make sure of the Socrative app, so you’ll need to install this on your phones. Participating in Socrative questions and with in-class group activities is required for a decent participation grade; a full grade also includes asking questions either in class or in office hours.
Your final grade is based on a weighted average of particular assignment categories, with weights shown above. You can estimate your current grade based on your scores and these weights. You may always visit the instructor outside of class to discuss your current standing.
This courses uses a standard grading scale. Assignments and final grades will not be curved except in rare cases when its deemed necessary by the instructor. Percentage grades translate to letter grades as follows:
| Score | Grade |
|---|---|
| 94–100 | A |
| 90–93 | A- |
| 88–89 | B+ |
| 82–87 | B |
| 80–81 | B- |
| 78–79 | C+ |
| 72–77 | C |
| 70–71 | C- |
| 68–69 | D+ |
| 62–67 | D |
| 60–61 | D- |
| 0–59 | F |
You are always welcome to challenge a grade that you feel is unfair or calculated incorrectly. Mistakes made in your favor will never be corrected to lower your grade. Mistakes made not in your favor will be corrected. Basically, after the initial grading your score can only go up as the result of a challenge*.
The weekly workload for this course will vary by student and over the semester, but on average should be about 12 hours per week. The follow table provides a rough estimate of the distribution of this time over different course components for a 16 week semester.
| Category | Total Time | Time/Week (Hours) |
|---|---|---|
| Lectures | 55 | 2.5 |
| Homework | 72 | 4.5 |
| Exam Study | 27 | 1.5 |
| Reading+Unstructured Study | 2.5 | |
| 11 |
The following tentative calendar should give you a feel for how work is distributed throughout the semester. Assignments and events are listed in the week they are due or when they occur. This calendar is subject to change based on the circumstances of the course.
| Date | Topic | Assignment/Reading |
|---|---|---|
| Wed 08/24 (Week 1) | Intro and Logistics | |
| Fri 08/26 | ML Landscape | Ch. 1 (p. 1–32) |
| Mon 08/29 (Week 2) | Python Libs, NumPy | NumPy Tutorial, Hwk 1 |
| Wed 08/31 | Pandas | Pandas Tutorials (all except time series) |
| Fri 09/02 | Visualization (matplotlib) | Matplotlib Basic Usage |
| Mon 09/05 (Week 3) | Regression Case Study (notebook) | p. 35–61 |
| Wed 09/07 | Model Selection & Validation | p. 62–83 |
| Fri 09/09 | Preprocessing I | Hwk 2 |
| Mon 09/12 (Week 4) | Preprocessing II | p. 85–100 |
| Wed 09/14 | Imputation; Binary Classification Evaluation | p. 100–109 |
| Fri 09/16 | Multiclass Classification | |
| Mon 09/19 (Week 5) | Calibration & Imbalanced Data | |
| Wed 09/21 | Calculus Review | 3blue1brown (Ch. 1-5) |
| Fri 09/23 | Basic Linear Algebra | 3blue1brown (All but ch. 12), Hwk 3 |
| Mon 09/26 (Week 6) | Training Models | p. 111–128, Hwk 3 Leaderboard |
| Wed 09/28 | Feature Engineering (notebook) | |
| Fri 09/30 | Complexity & Regularization | p. 128–142 |
| Mon 10/03 (Week 7) | (Class Cancelled) | p. 142–151 |
| Wed 10/05 | Logistic Regression and SVMs | p. 153–164 |
| Fri 10/07 | SVM Kernels | p. 164–174 |
| Mon 10/10 (Week 8) | Midterm | |
| (Wed 10/12) | (Fall Break) | |
| (Fri 10/14) | (Fall Break) | |
| Mon 10/17 (Week 9) | Midterm Solutions | |
| Wed 10/19 | Decision Trees | p. 175–187 |
| Fri 10/21 | Ensembles | p. 189–211 |
| Mon 10/24 (Week 10) | Hwk3 Questions | |
| Wed 10/26 | (No class – work on Hwk3) | |
| Fri 10/28 | Model Interpretation & Feature Selection | |
| Mon 10/31 (Week 11) | Dimensionality Reduction | Ch. 8 |
| Wed 11/02 | Clustering | |
| Fri 11/04 | Mixture Models | |
| Mon 11/07 (Week 12) | (No class) | |
| Wed 11/09 | NMF and Outlier Detection | |
| Fri 11/11 | Working with Text | |
| Mon 11/14 (Week 13) | More Text: Topic Models | Hwk 4 |
| Wed 11/16 | LDA | Final Project |
| Fri 11/18 | Word and Document Embeddings | |
| Mon 11/21 (Week 14) | Hwk 3 Review | |
| (Wed 11/23) | (Thanksgiving Break) | |
| (Fri 11/25) | (Thanksgiving Break) | |
| Mon 11/28 (Week 15) | Neural Networks | Ch. 10 |
| Wed 11/30 | ||
| Fri 12/02 | Training Neural Networks | Ch. 11, Hwk 5 |
| Mon 12/05 (Week 16) | Transfer Learning; RNNs | |
| Wed 12/07 | Transformers | |
| Sat 12/10 3:00 PM | Final Exam |
Mental Health and Counseling Services: Monmouth College provides cost-free, professional mental health counseling to support you and to help you manage challenges that may impact your personal and academic success. The Counseling Center is located in the uppler level of Poling Hall (rooms 204 and 216), and the hours are Monday–Friday, 8:30 AM to 5:00 PM. For an appointment call<PHONE_NUMBER>, email<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>or<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or request an appointment directly by going to titanium.monmouthcollege.edu and clicking on “request an appointment.”
The Academic Support and Accessibility Services Office offers FREE resources to assist Monmouth College students with their academic success. Programs include supplemental instruction for difficult classes, drop-in and appointment tutoring, and individual academic coaching. The office is here to help students excel academically, since everyone can work toward better grades, practice stronger study skills, and mange their time better. Please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>for assistance.
Accessibility Services: If you have a disability and/or medical/mental health condition, or had academic accommodations in high school or another college, you may be eligible for academic accommodations at Monmouth College under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Monmouth College is committed to equal educational access. To discuss any of the services offered, please call or meet with Jennifer Sanberg, Associate Director of Academic Success and Accessibility Services. The ASAS office on the first floor of the Hewes Library, opposite Einstein Bros. Bagels. The office can be reached at<PHONE_NUMBER> or via email at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The The Office of Student Equity Inclusion & Community can be found on the first floor of the Champion Miller Center for Student Equity Inclusion & Community. The office provides support to meet the needs of underrepresented students and international students. Services include: personal and academic advising, help with transition to Monmouth College, information on scholarships, internships, and employment opportunities with the help of other campus offices, and intercultural programming. Office Phone Number:<PHONE_NUMBER>. Email: champion@monmouthcollege.edu


Sena delegation meets Sonia Gandhi
by Sagar KulkarniA delegation of Shiv Sena leaders on Monday met Congress President Sonia Gandhi to extend support for the boycott of the Constitution Day celebrations planned by the Modi government.
The Shiv Sena delegation, led by senior leader Gajanan Kirtikar, met Gandhi at her 10, Janpath residence on Monday evening convey to her that Sena MPs would join the protest called by the Congress leadership near the statue of Babasaheb Ambedkar in Parliament premises on Tuesday.
Sena delegation comprised former union minister Arvind Sawant, Rahul Shewale and Anil Desai besides Kirtikar.


public class Meet extends java.lang.Object implements NoiseListener, FileListener, Orientation.SensorCallBack, Netandgps.PositionSensorCallBack
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
ContextData |
ctxData
context data
|
java.util.List<FileManager> |
files4noise
sounds recorded by the devices we are meeting with
|
boolean |
isSynchronised
determine if the device is synchronised
|
boolean |
isTimeServer
determine if the device is the time server
|
Record |
measurement
sound measurements
|
java.util.List<ProtocolState> |
meetwithProtocolState
state of the protocol concerning the device we are meeting with
|
java.util.List<Device> |
meetwithS
list of devices we are meeting with
|
java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.String> |
namesFiles4Noise
ArrayList created so as to save the name of calibrated devices
|
java.lang.String |
nRecordTest
file name
|
java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.String> |
orientation
orientation
|
java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.String> |
position
position
|
long |
roundTripDelay
round trip delay as provided by ntp
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
Meet(android.content.Context actx) |
Meet(Device device2meet,
android.content.Context actx,
boolean fileMode)
create a meeting (with the provided device)
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
java.lang.String |
add_uncalibrated_devices()
what to do with uncalibrated devices that are not usefull to calibrate the device
|
void |
add(Device device2meet,
android.content.Context actx,
boolean fileMode)
add a device to the group that meet
|
void |
addSleepListener(SleepListener toadd)
add a sleep time
|
java.lang.String |
calibrate()
calibrate
|
java.lang.String |
configureRegression()
configure the parameters that are necessary to run a regression (a.k.a calibration)
|
void |
end()
end of the meeting, release the resources
|
java.lang.String |
follow_to_robustly_calibrate()
robust calibration is performed during this meeting
|
java.lang.String |
follow_to_simply_calibrate()
perform a simple calibration (find the best simple calibration
|
java.lang.String |
getlocalFile4NoiseName()
returns the name fof the file wherein the sound recorded locally is stored
|
FileManager |
getLocalFileManager4Noise()
get the file where the (local) sound is stored
|
void |
getLocalSoundRecording()
start recording the sound
|
void |
getLocalSoundRecording2ConsecTests(int nTests)
is called before recording hte local sound,
we sleep for a little of time (to permit other devices to join the group
|
java.lang.String |
getName(int i)
get the name of a device
|
int |
getPosition(int device_id)
provide the position of the requested device in the list of devices meeting
* return -1 if the device is not found
|
int |
getPositionfromVertex(int vertex_id)
provide the position of the requested device in the list of devices meeting using the provided vertexid
|
java.lang.String |
getRemoteFile4NoiseName(Device device)
return the content of the file wherein the sound provided by
the other device, is stored
|
double |
getTimeOffset()
time offset with regards to the wifi direct ap
|
void |
init(android.content.Context actx)
initialise the meeting
|
java.lang.String |
old_calibrates()
calibration
|
void |
onSensorOrientationChanged(float axisX,
float axisY,
float axisZ,
long timestamp) |
void |
onSensorPositionChanged(double latitude,
double longitude,
long localGPStime) |
void |
regress_all()
apply a regression
|
void |
regress(java.util.List<FileManager> asoundfileList)
perform a regression using the measurements that are stored in the files list
|
void |
removeSleepListener(SleepListener toremove)
remove a sleep time
|
void |
resetLocalFileManager4Noise()
reset the stream of the file wherein sound will be saved
|
java.nio.DoubleBuffer |
savelocalrecord(java.nio.DoubleBuffer buffer,
double slot)
save the raw sound recorded locally and provided in the buffer in a file
considering the time slot between two recording
|
void |
saveRemoteRecord(java.lang.String buf,
Device who)
save the sound that is provided b y the given remote device
|
void |
scheduleMeetingin5sec()
schedule a meeting in 5 sec
|
void |
setTimeOffset(double time)
set the time offset
|
java.nio.DoubleBuffer |
shift(java.nio.DoubleBuffer buffer,
int shift,
double slope,
double intercept)
we remove a number of samples.
|
void |
sleepFor(long millisec)
sleep during the amount of millisecs that is provided
|
void |
sleepingThread(long millisec)
start a sleep thread
|
void |
someoneReportedFileChange(int type)
the informations have been written in the file
|
void |
someoneReportedNoiseChange(int type)
Noise change
|
void |
someoneReportedNoiseError()
is used to determine whether there is an error
|
public java.lang.String nRecordTest
public long roundTripDelay
public boolean isSynchronised
public ContextData ctxData
public Record measurement
public java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.String> orientation
public java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.String> position
public boolean isTimeServer
public java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.String> namesFiles4Noise
public java.util.List<Device> meetwithS
public java.util.List<ProtocolState> meetwithProtocolState
public java.util.List<FileManager> files4noise
public Meet(android.content.Context actx)
actx
- contextpublic Meet(Device device2meet, android.content.Context actx, boolean fileMode)
device2meet
- device we are meeting withactx
- contextfileMode
- file modepublic double getTimeOffset()
public void setTimeOffset(double time)
time
- time offsetpublic void resetLocalFileManager4Noise()
public FileManager getLocalFileManager4Noise()
public int getPositionfromVertex(int vertex_id)
vertex_id
- vertex idpublic int getPosition(int device_id)
device_id
- device idpublic java.lang.String getlocalFile4NoiseName()
public java.lang.String getRemoteFile4NoiseName(Device device)
device
- device idpublic void init(android.content.Context actx)
actx
- contextpublic void end()
public java.lang.String getName(int i)
i
- position of the device in the meeting grouppublic void add(Device device2meet, android.content.Context actx, boolean fileMode)
device2meet
- device we are meeting with and we should add to the groupactx
- contextfileMode
- file modepublic void onSensorOrientationChanged(float axisX, float axisY, float axisZ, long timestamp)
onSensorOrientationChanged
in interface Orientation.SensorCallBack
public void onSensorPositionChanged(double latitude, double longitude, long localGPStime)
onSensorPositionChanged
in interface Netandgps.PositionSensorCallBack
public void getLocalSoundRecording()
public void getLocalSoundRecording2ConsecTests(int nTests)
nTests
- number of tests that should be performed (i.e. , number of calibrations)public void saveRemoteRecord(java.lang.String buf, Device who)
buf
- buffer storing the soundwho
- device we are meeting with and that collected the soundpublic java.nio.DoubleBuffer shift(java.nio.DoubleBuffer buffer, int shift, double slope, double intercept)
buffer
- sound buffershift
- delay / nn of measurements to shiftslope
- slope used to weight the measurementsintercept
- intercept used to weight the measurementspublic java.nio.DoubleBuffer savelocalrecord(java.nio.DoubleBuffer buffer, double slot)
buffer
- soundbufferslot
- delay between two consecurive measurementspublic void addSleepListener(SleepListener toadd)
toadd
- sleep timer to addpublic void removeSleepListener(SleepListener toremove)
toremove
- sleep time to removepublic void sleepingThread(long millisec) throws java.lang.Exception
millisec
- duration of the sleepjava.lang.Exception
- could not run the threadpublic void sleepFor(long millisec)
millisec
- sleep durationpublic void scheduleMeetingin5sec()
public void someoneReportedNoiseChange(int type)
NoiseListener
someoneReportedNoiseChange
in interface NoiseListener
type
- type of changepublic void someoneReportedNoiseError()
someoneReportedNoiseError
in interface NoiseListener
public void someoneReportedFileChange(int type)
FileListener
someoneReportedFileChange
in interface FileListener
public java.lang.String configureRegression()
public java.lang.String add_uncalibrated_devices()
public java.lang.String follow_to_robustly_calibrate()
public java.lang.String follow_to_simply_calibrate()
public void regress(java.util.List<FileManager> asoundfileList)
asoundfileList
- list of files used to store hte measurements that will be used to regresspublic void regress_all()
public java.lang.String calibrate()
public java.lang.String old_calibrates()


It had happened at last. The expected message had come. All his life, it seemed to him, he had been waiting for this to happen.
He was walking down the long corridor at the Ministry and he was almost at the spot where Julia had slipped the note into his hand when he became aware that someone larger than himself was walking just behind him. The person, whoever it was, gave a small cough, evidently as a prelude to speaking. Winston stopped abruptly and turned. It was O'Brien.
At last they were face to face, and it seemed that his only impulse was to run away. His heart bounded violently. He would have been incapable of speaking. O'Brien, however, had continued forward in the same movement, laying a friendly hand for a moment on Winston's arm, so that the two of them were walking side by side. He began speaking with the peculiar grave courtesy that differentiated him from the majority of Inner Party members.
‘I had been hoping for an opportunity of talking to you,' he said. ‘I was reading one of your Newspeak articles in ‘The Times' the other day. You take a scholarly interest in Newspeak, I believe?'
Winston had recovered part of his self-possession. ‘Hardly scholarly,' he said. ‘I'm only an amateur. It's not my subject. I have never had anything to do with the actual construction of the language.'
‘But you write it very elegantly,' said O'Brien. ‘That is not only my own opinion. I was talking recently to a friend of yours who is certainly an expert. His name has slipped my memory for the moment.'
Again Winston's heart stirred painfully. It was inconceivable that this was anything other than a reference to Syme. But Syme was not only dead, he was abolished, an unperson. Any identifiable reference to him would have been mortally dangerous. O'Brien's remark must obviously have been intended as a signal, a codeword.  They had continued to stroll slowly down the corridor, but now O'Brien halted. With the curious, disarming friendliness that he always managed to put in to the gesture he resettled his spectacles on his nose. Then he went on:
‘What I had really intended to say was that in your article I noticed you had used two words which have become obsolete. But they have only become so very recently. Have you seen the tenth edition of the Newspeak Dictionary?'
‘No,' said Winston. ‘I didn't think it had been issued yet. We are still using the ninth in the Records Department.'
‘The tenth edition is not due to appear for some months, I believe. But a few advance copies have been circulated. I have one myself. It might interest you to look at it, perhaps?'
‘Very much so,' said Winston, immediately seeing where this tended.
‘Some of the new developments are most ingenious. The reduction in the number of verbs—that is the point that will appeal to you, I think. Let me see, shall I send a messenger to you with the dictionary? But I am afraid I invariably forget anything of that kind. Perhaps you could pick it up at my flat at some time that suited you? Wait. Let me give you my address.'
 Somewhat absentmindedly O'Brien felt two of his pockets and then produced a small leather-covered notebook and a gold ink-pencil. Immediately beneath the telescreen, in such a position that anyone who was watching at the other end of the instrument could read what he was writing, he scribbled an address, tore out the page and handed it to Winston.
‘I am usually at home in the evenings,' he said. ‘If not, my servant will give you the dictionary.'
He was gone, leaving Winston holding the scrap of paper, which this time there was no need to conceal. Nevertheless he carefully memorized what was written on it, and some hours later dropped it into the memory hole along with a mass of other papers.
They had been talking to one another for a couple of minutes at the most. There was only one meaning that the episode could possibly have. It had been contrived as a way of letting Winston know O'Brien's address. This was necessary, because except by direct enquiry it was never possible to discover where anyone lived. There were no directories of any kind. ‘If you ever want to see me, this is where I can be found,' was what O'Brien had been saying to him. Perhaps there would even be a message concealed somewhere in the dictionary. But at any rate, one thing was certain. The conspiracy that he had dreamed of did exist, and he had reached the outer edges of it.
He knew that sooner or later he would obey O'Brien's summons. Perhaps tomorrow, perhaps after a long delay—he was not certain. What was happening was only the working-out of a process that had started years ago. The first step had been a secret, involuntary thought, the second had been the opening of the diary. He had moved from thoughts to words, and now from words to actions. The last step was something that would happen in the Ministry of Love. He had accepted it. The end was contained in the beginning. But it was frightening: or, more exactly, it was like a foretaste of death, like being a little less alive. Even while he was speaking to O'Brien, when the meaning of the words had sunk in, a chilly shuddering feeling had taken possession of his body. He had the sensation of stepping into the dampness潮湿the fact or state of being damp of a grave, and it was not much better because he had always known that the grave was there and waiting for him.


Magic-SSG v0.1.0
Silver Blaze
The Adventure of the Six Napoleans
The Adventure of the Speckled Band
The Naval Treaty
The Red Headed League


Religion
At age 18, Mother Teresa enrolled herself at the Institute of the Blessed Mary Virgin and became a nun. She took her very first religious vows in 1931. She taught at St. Mary's School after that. She created a religious community called Missionaries of Charity Sisters. She believed God asked her to do this. Their mission was to help those who were very sick and poor.
Charity
Mother Teresa created a school that became a home for those in very poor health. She also established the Missionaries of Charity. She also opened a home for orphans and homeless youths called Children's Home of the Immaculate Heart. Missionaries of Charity eventually created numerous hospices, orphanges, and leper houses all over India.
Awards
- Nobel Peace Prize in 1979
- John F. Kennedy International Award in 1971
- Order of Merit in 1983
- US Congressional Gold Medal in 1997
- Pope XXII Peace Prize in 1971.


My name is Ramon Franco, I'm a Spatial artist living in San Jose California. I've been working on my sculpture since my childhood, on my spare time and in between classes. I recently discovered sculpey, and been taking more classes mixing one or two new mediums together. Bellow you will find my current works and the different mediums I've worked on in the past.
Gladiator Head: (9in x 8in).
Gladiator Head
Virgin Mary (36in x 12in) Ceramic clay .
Royal Carriage (12in x 9in) Ceramic clay, Paint.
Black Pearl: (40in x 18 in) Ceramic clay.
Video of this sculpture is available on my Youtube Channel
Cathedral Head (40in x8 in) Ceramic clay.
Birdcage: Video available on my Youtube Channel (30in x 20in) Ceramic clay.
Titanic Grand Staircase scale model (36in x34in) Paper, Christmass lights.
Titanic Grand Staircase scale model: video available on my Youtube channel.
Faint (8in x 5in) Ceramic clay
Faint
Breath of Life Orbs
Breath of Life Orbs: Video available on my Youtube Channel (75in x8in) Sculpey clay, paint, Glass.
Second Level of Hell:(25in x 16in) Sculpey clay, paint, rotating table.
Video available on my Youtube Channel.
Herbert Sanders Gallery "Wonderment" First solo exhibition: Feb 2019.
Wonderment
Wonderment themed Macaroon tower: Opening night. (Homemade)
Videos of the exhibition available on my Youtube channel
DIGITAL MEDIA WORK
Frog,Geese,Bunny
3D Mashup: mixture of a frog, geese, bunny to play and highlight genetic engineering.
3D Net Art Shape in 3js Playground, customized shape.
Digital Collage using Illustrator and Photoshop, following my exhibition, I decided to explore the world of Wonder and Magical realism, so I created in class a collection of ten different images and created an alternate reality .
Self Portrait using Processing:
Interactive piece with Processing: Video of this piece and code available on my YouTube Channel bellow. Since my childhogod, I was inspired by the Bauhaus movement and wanted to create a piece about the same primary colors and borrowing inspiration from Piet Mondrian's Boogie Wooie painting.
PTSD: Is a video made to highlight the change of an individual's mood suffering from post dramatic stress disorder. Available to watch on my YouTube Channel
Last updated May 2019.


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- engage cross-platform partnerships
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- extend web-enabled paradigms
- enable real-time ROI
- integrate scalable infrastructures
- incubate killer applications
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- grow efficient web-readiness
- brand clicks-and-mortar synergies
- disintermediate magnetic interfaces
- optimize integrated partnerships
- grow wireless e-commerce
- scale compelling experiences


Salmon Cookies Sales
New Store Input
Store Name:
Minimum Customers per Hour:
Maximum Customers per Hour:
Average Cookies per Sale:
Create/Update Location
Hourly Cookie Sales
Hourly Labor Requirements


--- layout: post title: no title date: '2016-03-06T05:54:24+01:00' categories: - Sketches - Storyboards picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/140560520156 ---


An upscale destination in Dubai, UAE offering a complete range of services for the purpose of improving health, beauty and relaxation through personal care treatments. From Manicure & Pedicure stations to a full-fledged Nailbar.
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dirsrv_selinux
Section: dirsrv SELinux Policy documentation (8)Updated: dirsrv
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
dirsrv_selinux - Security Enhanced Linux Policy for the dirsrv processesDESCRIPTION
SELinux Linux secures dirsrv (policy for dirsrv) processes via flexible mandatory access control.
FILE CONTEXTS
SELinux requires files to have an extended attribute to define the file type.You can see the context of a file using the -Z option to lsP Policy governs the access confined processes have to these files. SELinux dirsrv policy is very flexible allowing users to setup their dirsrv processes in as secure a method as possible.
The following file types are defined for dirsrv:
dirsrv_config_t
- Set files with the dirsrv_config_t type, if you want to treat the files as dirsrv configuration data, usually stored under the /etc directory.
dirsrv_exec_t
- Set files with the dirsrv_exec_t type, if you want to transition an executable to the dirsrv_t domain.
dirsrv_share_t
- Set files with the dirsrv_share_t type, if you want to treat the files as dirsrv share data.
dirsrv_snmp_exec_t
- Set files with the dirsrv_snmp_exec_t type, if you want to transition an executable to the dirsrv_snmp_t domain.
dirsrv_snmp_var_log_t
- Set files with the dirsrv_snmp_var_log_t type, if you want to treat the data as dirsrv snmp var log data, usually stored under the /var/log directory.
dirsrv_snmp_var_run_t
- Set files with the dirsrv_snmp_var_run_t type, if you want to store the dirsrv snmp files under the /run directory.
dirsrv_tmp_t
- Set files with the dirsrv_tmp_t type, if you want to store dirsrv temporary files in the /tmp directories.
dirsrv_tmpfs_t
- Set files with the dirsrv_tmpfs_t type, if you want to store dirsrv files on a tmpfs file system.
dirsrv_var_lib_t
- Set files with the dirsrv_var_lib_t type, if you want to store the dirsrv files under the /var/lib directory.
dirsrv_var_lock_t
- Set files with the dirsrv_var_lock_t type, if you want to treat the files as dirsrv var lock data, stored under the /var/lock directory
- Paths:
-
/var/lock/subsys/dirsrv, /var/lock/dirsrv(/.*)?
dirsrv_var_log_t
- Set files with the dirsrv_var_log_t type, if you want to treat the data as dirsrv var log data, usually stored under the /var/log directory.
dirsrv_var_run_t
- Set files with the dirsrv_var_run_t type, if you want to store the dirsrv files under the /run directory.
dirsrvadmin_config_t
- Set files with the dirsrvadmin_config_t type, if you want to treat the files as dirsrvadmin configuration data, usually stored under the /etc directory.
- Paths:
-
/etc/dirsrv/admin-serv(/.*)?, /etc/dirsrv/dsgw(/.*)?
dirsrvadmin_exec_t
- Set files with the dirsrvadmin_exec_t type, if you want to transition an executable to the dirsrvadmin_t domain.
- Paths:
-
/usr/sbin/start-ds-admin, /usr/sbin/stop-ds-admin, /usr/sbin/restart-ds-admin
dirsrvadmin_tmp_t
- Set files with the dirsrvadmin_tmp_t type, if you want to store dirsrvadmin temporary files in the /tmp directories.
dirsrvadmin_unconfined_script_exec_t
- Set files with the dirsrvadmin_unconfined_script_exec_t type, if you want to transition an executable to the dirsrvadmin_unconfined_script_t domain.
- Paths:
-
/usr/lib(64)?/dirsrv/cgi-bin/ds_remove, /usr/lib(64)?/dirsrv/cgi-bin/ds_create
Note: File context can be temporarily modified with the chcon command. If you want to permanently change the file context you need to use the semanage fcontext command. This will modify the SELinux labeling database. You will need to use restorecon to apply the labels.
PROCESS TYPES
SELinux defines process types (domains) for each process running on the systemYou can see the context of a process using the -Z option to psP Policy governs the access confined processes have to files. SELinux dirsrv policy is very flexible allowing users to setup their dirsrv processes in as secure a method as possible.
The following process types are defined for dirsrv:
dirsrvadmin_unconfined_script_t, dirsrv_snmp_t, dirsrvadmin_t, dirsrv_t
Note: semanage permissive -a PROCESS_TYPE can be used to make a process type permissive. Permissive process types are not denied access by SELinux. AVC messages will still be generated.
COMMANDS
semanage fcontext can also be used to manipulate default file context mappings.semanage permissive can also be used to manipulate whether or not a process type is permissive.
semanage module can also be used to enable/disable/install/remove policy modules.
system-config-selinux is a GUI tool available to customize SELinux policy settings.
AUTHOR
This manual page was autogenerated by genman.py.SEE ALSO
selinux(8), dirsrv(8), semanage(8), restorecon(8), chcon(1)
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:34:25 GMT, December 24, 2015


@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import includes.cancelLink @import uk.gov.hmrc.govukfrontend.views.html.components.{FormWithCSRF, _} @import uk.gov.hmrc.govukfrontend.views.html.components.implicits._ @import uk.gov.hmrc.tai.forms.employments.UpdateEmploymentDetailsForm @import uk.gov.hmrc.tai.viewModels.employments.EmploymentViewModel @this(main: MainTemplate, form: FormWithCSRF, govukButton: GovukButton, govukCharacterCount: GovukCharacterCount, govukErrorSummary: GovukErrorSummary ) @(viewmodel: EmploymentViewModel, updateEmploymentDetailsForm: Form[String] )( implicit request: Request[_], user: controllers.auth.AuthedUser, messages: Messages ) @main( title = Messages("tai.updateEmployment.whatDoYouWantToTellUs.pagetitle"), pageTitle = Some(messages("tai.service.navTitle")), authedUser = Some(user), backLinkId = "backLink", backLinkContent = Some(Messages("tai.back-link.upper")), backLinkUrl = Some(controllers.employments.routes.EndEmploymentController.employmentUpdateRemoveDecision().url), formForErrorSummary = Some(updateEmploymentDetailsForm), ) {


PPMCIE(1) PPMCIE(1) NAME ppmcie - draw a CIE color chart as a PPM image SYNOPSIS ppmcie [-rec709|-cie|-ebu|-hdtv|-ntsc|-smpte] [-xy|-upvp] [-red rx ry] [-green gx gy] [-blue bx by] [-white wx wy] [-size edge] [-xsize|-width width] [-ysize|-height height] [-noblack] [-nowpoint] [-nolabel] [-noaxes] [-full] All options can be abbreviated to their shortest unique prefix. DESCRIPTION ppmcie creates a PPM file containing a plot of the CIE ``tongue'' color chart -- to the extent possible in a PPM image. Alternatively, creates a pseudo-PPM image of the color tongue using RGB values from a color system of your choice. The CIE color tongue is an image of all the hues that can be described by CIE X-Y chromaticity coordinates. They are arranged on a two dimensional coordinate plane with the X chromaticity on the horizontal axis and the Y chromaticity on the vertical scale. (You can choose alternatively to use CIE u'-v' chromaticity coordinates, but the general idea of the color tongue is the same). Note that the PPM format specifies that the RGB values in the file are from CIE Rec. 709 color system, gamma-corrected. And positive. See ppm(5) for details. If you use one of the color system options on ppm‐ cie, what you get is not a true PPM image, but is very similar. If you display such ppmcie output using a device that expects PPM input (which includes just about any computer graphics display program), it will dis‐ play the wrong colors. However, you may have a device that expects one of these variations on PPM. In every RGB color system you can specify, including the default (which produces a true PPM image) there are hues in the color tongue that can't be represented. For example, monochromatic blue-green with a wavelength of 500nm cannot be represented in a PPM image. For these hues, ppmcie substitutes a similar hue as follows: They are de‐ saturated and rendered as the shade where the edge of the Maxwell trian‐ gle intersects a line drawn from the requested shade to the white point defined by the color system's white point. Furthermore, unless you spec‐ ify the -full option, ppmcie reduces their intensity by 25% compared to the true hues in the image. ppmcie draws and labels the CIE X-Y coordinate axes unless you choose otherwise with options. ppmcie draws the Maxwell triangle for the color system in use on the col‐ or tongue. The Maxwell triangle is the triangle whose vertices are the primary illuminant hues for the color system. The hues inside the trian‐ gle show the color gamut for the color system. They are also the only ones that are correct for the CIE X-Y chromaticity coordinates shown. (See explanation above). ppmcie also places a mark at the color system's white point and displays in text the CIE X-Y chromaticities of the primary illuminants and white point for the color system. You can turn this off with options, though. ppmcie annotates the periphery of the color tongue with the wavelength, in nanometers of the monochromatic hues which appear there. Finally, ppmcie displays the black body chromaticity curve for Planckian radiators from 1000 to 30000 kelvins on the image. You can choose from several standard color systems, or specify one of your own numerically. CIE charts, by their very nature, contain a very large number of colors. If you're encoding the chart for a color mapped device or file format, you'll need to use ppmquant or ppmdither to reduce the number of colors in the image. OPTIONS -rec709|-cie|-ebu|-hdtv|-ntsc|-smpte Select a standard color system whose gamut to plot. The de‐ fault is -rec709, which chooses CIE Rec. 709, gamma-corrected. This is the only color system for which ppmcie's output is a true PPM image. See explanation above. -ebu chooses the pri‐ maries used in the PAL and SECAM broadcasting standards. -ntsc chooses the primaries specified by the NTSC broadcasting system (few modern monitors actually cover this range). -smpte se‐ lects the primaries recommended by the Society of Motion Pic‐ ture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) in standards RP-37 and RP-145, and -hdtv uses the much broader HDTV ideal primaries. -cie chooses a color system that has the largest possible gamut within the spectrum of the chart. This is the same color sys‐ tem as you get with the -cie option to John Walker's cietoppm program. -xy plot CIE 1931 x y chromaticities. This is the default. -upvp plot u' v' 1976 chromaticities rather than CIE 1931 x y chro‐ maticities. The advantage of u' v' coordinates is that equal intervals of distance on the u' v' plane correspond roughly to the eye's ability to discriminate colors. -red rx ry specifies the CIE x and y co-ordinates of the red illuminant of a custom color system and selects the custom system. -green gx gy specifies the CIE x and y co-ordinates of the green illuminant of the color system and selects the custom system. -blue bx by specifies the CIE x and y co-ordinates of the blue illuminant of the color system and selects the custom system. -white wx wy specifies the CIE x and y co-ordinates of the white point of the color system and selects the custom system. -size edge Create a pixmap of edge by edge pixels. The default is 512x512. -xsize|-width width Sets the width of the generated image to width pixels. The de‐ fault width is 512 pixels. If the height and width of the im‐ age are not the same, the CIE diagram will be stretched in the longer dimension. -ysize|-height height Sets the height of the generated image to height pixels. The default height is 512 pixels. If the height and width of the image are not the same, the CIE diagram will be stretched in the longer dimension. -noblack Don't plot the black body chromaticity curve. -nowpoint Don't plot the color system's white point. -nolabel Omit the label. -noaxes Don't plot axes. -full Plot the entire CIE tongue in full intensity; don't enhance the gamut of the specified color system. SEE ALSO ppmdither(1), ppmquant(1), ppm(5) AUTHOR Copyright (C) 1995 by John Walker<EMAIL_ADDRESS>WWW home page: http://www.fourmilab.ch/ Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, without any conditions or restrictions. This software is provided ``as is'' without express or implied warranty. 26th September 1994 PPMCIE(1)


sanic_session package¶
Submodules¶
sanic_session.base module¶
-
class
sanic_session.base.
BaseSessionInterface
¶ Bases:
object
-
class
sanic_session.base.
SessionDict
(initial=None, sid=None)¶
InMemorySessionInterface¶
-
class
sanic_session.
InMemorySessionInterface
(domain: str = None, expiry: int = 2678400, httponly: bool = True, cookie_name: str = 'session', prefix: str = 'session:')¶ Bases:
sanic_session.base.BaseSessionInterface
-
open
()¶ Opens an in-memory session onto the request. Restores the client’s session from memory if one exists.The session will be available on request.session.
- Args:
- request (sanic.request.Request):
- The request, which a sessionwill be opened onto.
- Returns:
- dict:
- the client’s session data, attached as well to request.session.
-
save
()¶ Saves the session to the in-memory session store.
- Args:
- request (sanic.request.Request):
- The Sanic request which has a session attached.
- response (sanic.response.Response):
- The Sanic response. Cookies with the appropriate expiration will be added onto this response.
- Returns:
- None
-
MemcacheSessionInterface¶
-
class
sanic_session.
MemcacheSessionInterface
¶ Bases:
sanic_session.base.BaseSessionInterface
-
open
()¶
-
save
()¶
-
RedisSessionInterface¶
-
class
sanic_session.
RedisSessionInterface
¶ Bases:
sanic_session.base.BaseSessionInterface
-
open
()¶
-
save
()¶
-
sanic_session.utils module¶
-
class
sanic_session.utils.
CallbackDict
(initial=None, on_update=None)¶ Bases:
sanic_session.utils.UpdateDictMixin
,dict
A dict that calls a function passed every time something is changed. The function is passed the dict instance.


When working on a software project, you may sometimes have to mix programming languages.
It may be because you need to use some specific libraries, because of code portability needs, whatever.
When coding a Mac OS X (or iOS) application, you are usually going to use Objective-C as main language.
It's not mandatory, as you can use the old Carbon API, or stuff like QT (C++), but it will usually be easier, at least for all the UI related stuff.
Mixing C with Objective-C is not a problem, as Objective-C is a strict superset of C.
Whether you have pure C code, or if you are linking with a C library, there's no issue.
Mixing C or Objective-C with C++ is not as easy.
Although C++ was originally based on the C language, it's not strictly a superset, so trying to use C++ code from C or Objective-C may not be always easy.
Of course, with Objective-C, you have the possibility to use Objective-C++ (.mm files).
This way, you can use all the C++ features within Objective-C code.
But sometimes, this is not wanted. Moreover, it's of course impossible with pure C.
Before going on, let's take a little example in pure C.
We are going to code a typical «hello world» application.
For this, we decide to have a file for our program's main function, and another file for utility functions.
Let's start by the utility functions file.
First of all, we need to create a header file, named «lib.h»:
#ifndef __LIB_H__ #define __LIB_H__ void say_hello( void ); #endif
We declare here the prototype of a function named «say_hello».
We are now going to provide an implementation, in a new file named «lib.c»:
#include <stdio.h> #include "lib.h" void say_hello( void ) { printf( "hello, world\n" ); }
Nothing special here. Now let's create our program's main function, in a file named «main.c»:
#include "lib.h" int main( void ) { say_hello(); return 0; }
Here, we just use our «say_hello» function, before exiting the program.
Let's take a look at the compilation. We are going to generate an object file (.o) for each C file, and then link them together.
Let's start with «lib.c»:
gcc -Wall -o lib.o -c lib.c
From the «lib.c» source file, we generate an object file (machine code) named «lib.o». We can use the «nm» command to list the symbols available in that object file:
nm lib.o
It will output:
0000000000000028 s EH_frame0<PHONE_NUMBER>000015 s L_.str U _puts<PHONE_NUMBER>000000 T _say_hello<PHONE_NUMBER>000040 S _say_hello.eh
We can see here our «say_hello» function.
As you can see, it has a leading underscore. This is totally normal.
Now let's create an object file from «main.c»:
gcc -Wall -o main.o -c main.c
Now, we have two distinct object files.
In order to create an executable, we need to link them. This can be done with:
gcc -Wall -o test lib.o main.o
This will create an executable named «test», which will just print «hello, world» when run.
Piece of cake.
But now imagine we want to use C++ for the library part, and C for the other parts.
First of all, we are going to rename «lib.c» to «lib.cpp».
The «lib.h» header doesn't need to be changed.
We are also going to replace the implementation of the «say_hello» function, so it uses «IOStream» instead of «printf()».
Our «lib.cpp» file will now look like that:
#include <iostream> #include "lib.h" void say_hello( void ) { std::cout << "hello, world" << std::endl; }
No problem here, just a standard C++ hello world.
Let's recompile everything (note that we are now going to use g++ instead of gcc for the C++ file):
g++ -Wall -o lib.o -c lib.cpp gcc -Wall -o main.o -c main.c
No problem here. Let's link the two files in order to create an executable, as previously:
gcc -Wall -o test lib.o main.o
Unfortunately, you'll have linker errors here, such as:
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64: "std::cout", referenced from: say_hello() in lib.o "std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)", referenced from: say_hello() in lib.o "std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::endl<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&)", referenced from: say_hello() in lib.o "std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& (*)(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&))", referenced from: say_hello() in lib.o "std::ios_base::Init::Init()", referenced from: __static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)in lib.o "std::ios_base::Init::~Init()", referenced from: ___tcf_0 in lib.o "_say_hello", referenced from: _main in main.o ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64 collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
Ok, obviously we are not linked with the C++ standard library.
This is because we used gcc to create our final executable.
So let's use g++ for the final stage.
Note that we will still use gcc for the «main.c» file, as it's still pure C code.
No need for a C++ compiler here:
g++ -Wall -o lib.o -c lib.cpp gcc -Wall -o main.o -c main.c g++ -Wall -o test lib.o main.o
We still got a linker error:
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64: "_say_hello", referenced from: _main in main.o ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64 collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
Here, we can see we are effectively linked with the C++ standard library, as the errors for the «std::» members, like «std::cout» are gone.
But it seems that the C++ version of our «say_hello» function is not found. Let's take a look at the «lib.o» file, to find out what's wrong.
Instead, we have:
__Z9say_hellov
What's this «_Z9» prefix?
Ever heard of «name mangling»?
First of all, remember that C++ has built-in support for function overloading.
It means that the following example is perfectly valid:
void foo( int x ); void foo( double x ); int foo( int x );
Here, we've got three functions named «foo».
In C or Objective-C, this is not possible, as a symbol can only be defined once.
In C++, this is called «function overloading». A function (or method) can have multiple implementations, as long as there is a difference in the return type and/or the arguments.
The compiler will then generate three different functions, and automatically choose which one to use when you issue a call, depending on the return type and the argument types.
In order to do this, as the compiler will create different functions, it will have to use different symbol names.
That's why C++ functions (or methods) have a modified symbol name, in the resulting object code.
So how can we deal with this, from our «main.c» file?
With Objective-C++, it would have worked, of course. But not with pure C, or pure Objective-C.
Fortunately, there is a way to tell the C++ compiler to comply with C-like declarations, so it won't use its calling conventions (with mangled names) when producing object code.
This way, our C++ function will be callable from pure-C (even if it's implementation uses C++ features).
In order to do this, we just need to change the «lib.h» header file:
#ifndef __LIB_H__ #define __LIB_H__ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif void say_hello( void ); #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif
When the C++ compiler is used, the «__cplusplus» macro is defined.
Now, in such a case, our function's prototype will be wrapped with:
extern "C" { }
This will tell the C++ compiler that we intend to use everything inside the braces from C code, meaning it will generate symbol names according to C.
 The symbol name for our «say_hello» function is now «_say_hello» as with pure C.
It means we are now able to link our object files, in order to produce the executable:
g++ -Wall -o test lib.o main.o
No error here. Our executable was successfully produced, and is working fine!
Of course, when using «extern "C" {}», you can no more use C++ stuff like function's overloading, or namespaces (and of course classes).
But this way, when providing functions implemented in C++, you can make them available to C code, and so to Objective-C as well.


public interface BoardInterface
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Piece |
gameWon()
Checks to see if either player has won.
|
Piece[][] |
getBoardView()
This method will return a two dimentional array of Pieces which represents the current state of the
board.
|
boolean |
placePiece(Piece colour,
MoveInterface move)
Places a piece on the board at the specified location.
|
boolean |
setBoardSize(int sizeX,
int sizeY)
Specifiy the size of the board that we are playing on.
|
boolean setBoardSize(int sizeX, int sizeY) throws InvalidBoardSizeException, BoardAlreadySizedException
sizeX
- how wide the board will besizeY
- how tall the board will beInvalidBoardSizeException
- If either size value is less than one.BoardAlreadySizedException
- If the board has already been created.Piece[][] getBoardView() throws NoBoardDefinedException
NoBoardDefinedException
- Thrown when a call is made to this method before the boardSize
method.boolean placePiece(Piece colour, MoveInterface move) throws PositionAlreadyTakenException, InvalidPositionException, InvalidColourException, NoBoardDefinedException
colour
- the colour of the piece to place (RED or BLUE)move
- the position where you wish to place a piecePositionAlreadyTakenException
- if there is already a Piece in this positionInvalidPositionException
- if the specified position is invalid - e.g. (-1, -1)InvalidColourException
- if the colour being set is invalid. E.g. if you try to place two BLUE pieces one after the otherNoBoardDefinedException
- if the board has yet to be defined with setBoardSize()Piece gameWon() throws NoBoardDefinedException
NoBoardDefinedException
- Indicates that this method has been called before the boardSize
method


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Webdesign and concept for a Facebook application which lets users make a $5 donation ,via paypal or text message, and then turn their Facebook profile into a ‘Tap’. This allowed them to pass the water on to two friends who can open their Taps and pass the water on to their friends and so on. The user can watch his own water network grow within the overall network. In addition celebrities and ambassadors like Alyssa Milano, Nas, Jeff Bridges, Kevin Spacey, Heidi Klum among others opened their own Taps and invited their fans to join via Facebook and Twitter. Realized at Droga5


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