The End Is Just The Beginning
I’m writing this shortly after a site redesign while somethings are fresh in my brain. Maybe i’ll come back and look at this one day when in the midsts of a similar task. What did I learn? What is the one thing i can take away from this expereince that can help me grow as a developer and a team member?
One thing I keep harping on is the end is just the beginning. We don’t know what we need when we build. Only the market does and they ultimately are the ones that validate all of the discussions we have in internal meetings and quick chats. We can think a feature is must have and obsess about it only to have the market return a collective, meh.
Often design will give me a UI and I implement it and we go back and forth a few times to iron out some rough spots, but we do so with a static document as our source of truth. The document represents the authoritative end. The redesign is finished when we accurately satisfy the graphic hierarchy of the document as well as any business logic. Then users test things and you have to iterate…and pivot…and the cycle starts.
This used to bother me, but I’ve come to realize that this is just the nature of the beast. It’s better to embrace it and have it work as a built in part of your design process. The pain comes when you spend so much time amongst yourselves trying to get things just right, to the point that your code suffers. What started as a square, was slowly given rounded corners, turned into a circle but now needs to support bezier curves.
This is one of the problems with inheritance paradigms. It’s difficult to accurately model real taxonomies because taxonomies are really really difficult to reason about. So let’s stop. Realize we don’t have a clue. We have hunches and really good guesses but no one really knows. And because of that it’s best to understand that when given a goal its just the beginning, aim to make your code as extensible, unopinionated and malleable as possible. You’ll thank yourself.


Franchise
Franchise Proposal for Bapu Ki Kutia
Dear,
Greetings of the day,
We present to you an exciting business proposal which aims at providing to you as our Franchisee, excellent return at modest investment.
Area: Preferably on ground floor, admeasuring approximately 2500 sq.ft - 3000 sq.ft. (Carpet) with adequate frontage and direct approach. The premises/building should have adequate dedicated parking space.
Location: Assured footfalls with a good and continues flow of people will be the prime criteria for the selection of the location. Strategically located in the vicinity of Multiplexes, Shopping malls, business districts or high potential residential areas.
Premises: The said premises should have a clear title free from all encumbrances. The building should have a completion certificate/ building use (B.U.) permission from the municipal/ local authority. Also a N.O.C. for running a restaurant from the building society should be made available.
Payment of fees: Brand fee is payable along with the completed Appraisal form. Franchisee fees be payable on a monthly basis on or before the 5th of the subsequent month.
Tenure: 5 years (Extendable for one more term at 50% of Brand fee.
Municipal Water & Drainage: Franchisee to apply for and procure a municipal water and drainage connection.
Water Storage: Adequate water storage space to be provided by the Franchisee.
Electricity Load: 3 phase, electricity load to be made available at the proposed premises according to the requirement.
Interiors: Interior design concept and blue prints will be provided by our designer and the franchisee has the liberty to either choose our interior designer or appoint one of his choices. Any alteration or changes, if required will subject to our approval.
Equipment Cost: Kitchen layout design, equipment specs and preferred vendor list will be provided by us. Cost of equipment shall be borne by Franchisee.
Safety and security: Installation of fire extinguisher in the premises, emergency numbers in case of any emergency, security guard and proper equipments and gears should be provided to the staff to reduce the chances of accidents in the premises.
Licenses: All required licenses including but not limited to health, Fire N.O.C. Shop & Establishment, Police license and/ or other approvals to be procured by Franchisee at his own cost.
Taxes: All property related taxes and outgoings to be borne by the Franchisee.
Permissions: All necessary permissions required to be obtained from municipal / statutory authorities, landlord, associations or societies for opening and eating/ food outlet to be obtained by the Franchisee. This shall be made available at the time of possession.
Notice: Only Bapu ki kutia since 1964 (Franchisor) can terminate this agreement by giving 3 months notice if it is found that quality of product is being compromised or the customers are dissatisfied by the services. Franchisee cannot terminate this agreement during the tenure.
Staff cost: The cost of providing key staff will be recovered from the Franchisee, though they shall always remain in our rolls only.
Travel Expenses: All expenses incurred by us and our team of Consultants, Designers or Management staff towards travel, lodging, boarding and other incidental expenses will be necessary during initial discussions, planning stage, before during and after commissioning of the project.
From
Amit Sujwani
(Director)


Used to maintain state while rendering the scene graph
Defines our current rendering device
Defines the current transform
Defines list of current lights effecting this portion of the scene graph
Defines which render pass we are in
Indicates whether we are currently rendering a group of lights+children that cast shadows. Otherwise, during the shadow pass we will skip rendering.
Defines the current material
Defines the current shader
If true renderer will draw a proxy object. This is useful for rendering hidden objects (for instance, place a lightbulb at a light's position)


The depicted black hole is not a copy-pasted, modified image: it was created entirely in Adobe Illustrator and based on the original image that made history on 10 April 2019.
That image mesmerised me – like millions on the planet. I kept on thinking about that behemoth at the heart of galaxy Messier 87 (M87) long after its portrait was released. This is my way of commemorating that unique moment of literally universal insight and of paying homage to the people who worked together to make that technical feat possible.
The supermassive black hole in M87, or rather the stellar material that spirals inexorably into its field of gravity, was captured by eight finely co-ordinated radio telescopes that together formed the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT).
Galaxy M87 is 55 million light-years away from earth and the supermassive hole at its centre is an unfathomable 6.5 billion times as big as our Sun. The name of this equally supermassive telescope – Event Horizon – describes the ultimate point that anything within a black hole's gravitational pull can reach in recognisable form, before being sucked into the black hole forever. You can read more on the EHT project here.
© Artemis Gause 2019. On GitHub: MissArray.


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Chicken Burger
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Tart toffee carrot cake sweet roll powder sweet roll. Sweet roll soufflé sweet roll dragée sweet roll. Wafer wafer dragée. Cake chocolate chocolate bar carrot cake pie jelly-o oat cake jujubes carrot cake. Marshmallow candy topping. Carrot cake apple pie jelly beans fruitcake halvah biscuit pie gingerbread powder. Dragée pie jelly beans jelly biscuit. Powder lollipop cheesecake icing oat cake ice cream bear claw. Dessert topping sweet oat cake pastry. Marshmallow topping lollipop sesame snaps carrot cake jujubes.
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Danish muffin lollipop gingerbread jujubes dragée. Gummi bears cupcake lemon drops chupa chups chupa chups bonbon muffin danish fruitcake. Sweet caramels jelly beans candy canes pie. Danish ice cream chocolate toffee.
Cake gummi bears dessert chocolate bar dessert oat cake powder tootsie roll jelly beans. Cake wafer bear claw jujubes caramels sugar plum. Apple pie bonbon ice cream dragée macaroon marshmallow icing danish. Powder gummi bears tootsie roll. Lemon drops icing gummies cookie wafer bonbon cake. Sweet danish oat cake wafer muffin chocolate cake carrot cake. Macaroon ice cream dragée gingerbread pastry jujubes danish.
Wafer pastry ice cream gummies gummies oat cake. Ice cream gummies liquorice cheesecake. Tiramisu cookie jelly. Tart jelly beans soufflé cheesecake dragée gummi bears apple pie.
Lemon drops oat cake marshmallow apple pie apple pie tart. Dragée lollipop jelly chupa chups muffin chocolate jujubes. Caramels cookie bear claw. Caramels tootsie roll pudding apple pie chocolate muffin dessert jelly-o.
Brownie sweet roll chocolate cake ice cream sweet roll topping pie marshmallow. Biscuit pastry wafer lollipop. Carrot cake bonbon bear claw croissant fruitcake toffee sugar plum jujubes brownie. Candy canes pastry halvah. Muffin brownie jelly-o cupcake ice cream muffin muffin tiramisu.
Powder sweet donut biscuit. Lemon drops chocolate gummies sweet gummi bears macaroon. Cupcake tiramisu chocolate cake chocolate. Cake pastry brownie marshmallow sweet bonbon bonbon oat cake caramels. Pastry tart gummies. Gummies danish tart gummi bears tootsie roll. Pastry candy cookie cheesecake toffee chocolate jujubes apple pie. Gingerbread marzipan icing gummi bears pastry pudding sugar plum. Dessert biscuit carrot cake sweet roll sweet.
Macaroon wafer liquorice. Candy canes sweet tootsie roll. Caramels liquorice jelly chocolate cake chocolate biscuit jelly-o. Apple pie marshmallow wafer tootsie roll cake toffee soufflé ice cream. Chocolate cake danish jujubes tart muffin tootsie roll jelly-o. Croissant pastry tootsie roll. Cookie biscuit donut fruitcake tootsie roll apple pie candy sweet roll.
Sugar plum gingerbread bonbon danish croissant candy canes. Macaroon pie caramels sugar plum muffin marshmallow lollipop dessert. Soufflé tootsie roll sweet roll gummies jelly beans. Liquorice cotton candy dragée cheesecake marzipan cheesecake gummi bears muffin.


Hamlet
by William Shakespeare
Act 2, Scene 2
Additional Information
- Year Published: 0
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: England
- Source: White, R.G. ed. The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. New York: Sully and Kleinteich.
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 11.0
- Word Count: 5,097
- Genre: Tragedy
- Keywords: betrayal, death, murder, revenge
- ✎ Cite This
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SCENE II. A room in the castle.
(Enter KING CLAUDIUS, QUEEN GERTRUDE, ROSENCRANTZ, GUILDENSTERN, and Attendants)
KING CLAUDIUS
Welcome, dear Rosencrantz and Guildenstern!
Moreover that we much did long to see you,
The need we have to use you did provoke
Our hasty sending. Something have you heard
Of Hamlet's transformation; so call it,
Sith nor the exterior nor the inward man
Resembles that it was. What it should be,
More than his father's death, that thus hath put him
So much from the understanding of himself,
I cannot dream of: I entreat you both,
That, being of so young days brought up with him,
And sith so neighbour'd to his youth and havior,
That you vouchsafe your rest here in our court
Some little time: so by your companies
To draw him on to pleasures, and to gather,
So much as from occasion you may glean,
Whether aught, to us unknown, afflicts him thus,
That, open'd, lies within our remedy.
QUEEN GERTRUDE
Good gentlemen, he hath much talk'd of you;
And sure I am two men there are not living
To whom he more adheres. If it will please you
To show us so much gentry and good will
As to expend your time with us awhile,
For the supply and profit of our hope,
Your visitation shall receive such thanks
As fits a king's remembrance.
ROSENCRANTZ
Both your majesties
Might, by the sovereign power you have of us,
Put your dread pleasures more into command
Than to entreaty.
GUILDENSTERN
But we both obey,
And here give up ourselves, in the full bent
To lay our service freely at your feet,
To be commanded.
KING CLAUDIUS
Thanks, Rosencrantz and gentle Guildenstern.
QUEEN GERTRUDE
Thanks, Guildenstern and gentle Rosencrantz:
And I beseech you instantly to visit
My too much changed son. Go, some of you,
And bring these gentlemen where Hamlet is.
GUILDENSTERN
Heavens make our presence and our practises
Pleasant and helpful to him!
QUEEN GERTRUDE
Ay, amen!
(Exeunt ROSENCRANTZ, GUILDENSTERN, and some Attendants)
(Enter POLONIUS)
LORD POLONIUS
The ambassadors from Norway, my good lord,
Are joyfully return'd.
KING CLAUDIUS
Thou still hast been the father of good news.
LORD POLONIUS
Have I, my lord? I assure my good liege,
I hold my duty, as I hold my soul,
Both to my God and to my gracious king:
And I do think, or else this brain of mine
Hunts not the trail of policy so sure
As it hath used to do, that I have found
The very cause of Hamlet's lunacy.
KING CLAUDIUS
O, speak of that; that do I long to hear.
LORD POLONIUS
Give first admittance to the ambassadors;
My news shall be the fruit to that great feast.
KING CLAUDIUS
Thyself do grace to them, and bring them in.
(Exit POLONIUS)
He tells me, my dear Gertrude, he hath found
The head and source of all your son's distemper.
QUEEN GERTRUDE
I doubt it is no other but the main;
His father's death, and our o'erhasty marriage.
KING CLAUDIUS
Well, we shall sift him.
(Re-enter POLONIUS, with VOLTIMAND and CORNELIUS)
Welcome, my good friends!
Say, Voltimand, what from our brother Norway?
VOLTIMAND
Most fair return of greetings and desires.
Upon our first, he sent out to suppress
His nephew's levies; which to him appear'd
To be a preparation 'gainst the Polack;
But, better look'd into, he truly found
It was against your highness: whereat grieved,
That so his sickness, age and impotence
Was falsely borne in hand, sends out arrests
On Fortinbras; which he, in brief, obeys;
Receives rebuke from Norway, and in fine
Makes vow before his uncle never more
To give the assay of arms against your majesty.
Whereon old Norway, overcome with joy,
Gives him three thousand crowns in annual fee,
And his commission to employ those soldiers,
So levied as before, against the Polack:
With an entreaty, herein further shown,
(Giving a paper)
That it might please you to give quiet pass
Through your dominions for this enterprise,
On such regards of safety and allowance
As therein are set down.
KING CLAUDIUS
It likes us well;
And at our more consider'd time well read,
Answer, and think upon this business.
Meantime we thank you for your well-took labour:
Go to your rest; at night we'll feast together:
Most welcome home!
(Exeunt VOLTIMAND and CORNELIUS)
LORD POLONIUS
This business is well ended.
My liege, and madam, to expostulate
What majesty should be, what duty is,
Why day is day, night night, and time is time,
Were nothing but to waste night, day and time.
Therefore, since brevity is the soul of wit,
And tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes,
I will be brief: your noble son is mad:
Mad call I it; for, to define true madness,
What is't but to be nothing else but mad?
But let that go.
QUEEN GERTRUDE
More matter, with less art.
LORD POLONIUS
Madam, I swear I use no art at all.

Mad let us grant him, then: and now remains
That we find out the cause of this effect,
Or rather say, the cause of this defect,
For this effect defective comes by cause:
Thus it remains, and the remainder thus. Perpend.
I have a daughter—have while she is mine—
Who, in her duty and obedience, mark,
Hath given me this: now gather, and surmise.
(Reads)
'To the celestial and my soul's idol, the most
beautified Ophelia,'—
That's an ill phrase, a vile phrase; 'beautified' is
a vile phrase: but you shall hear. Thus:
(Reads)
'In her excellent white bosom, these, & c.'
QUEEN GERTRUDE
Came this from Hamlet to her?
LORD POLONIUS
Good madam, stay awhile; I will be faithful.
(Reads)
'Doubt thou the stars are fire;
Doubt that the sun doth move;
Doubt truth to be a liar;
But never doubt I love.
'O dear Ophelia, I am ill at these numbers;
I have not art to reckon my groans: but that
I love thee best, O most best, believe it. Adieu.
'Thine evermore most dear lady, whilst
this machine is to him, HAMLET.'
This, in obedience, hath my daughter shown me,
And more above, hath his solicitings,
As they fell out by time, by means and place,
All given to mine ear.
KING CLAUDIUS
But how hath she
Received his love?
LORD POLONIUS
What do you think of me?
KING CLAUDIUS
As of a man faithful and honourable.
LORD POLONIUS
I would fain prove so.  No, I went round to work,
And my young mistress thus I did bespeak:
'Lord Hamlet is a prince, out of thy star;
This must not be:' and then I precepts gave her,
That she should lock herself from his resort,
Admit no messengers, receive no tokens.
Which done, she took the fruits of my advice;
And he, repulsed—a short tale to make—
Fell into a sadness, then into a fast,
Thence to a watch, thence into a weakness,
Thence to a lightness, and, by this declension,
Into the madness wherein now he raves,
And all we mourn for.
KING CLAUDIUS
Do you think 'tis this?
QUEEN GERTRUDE
It may be, very likely.
LORD POLONIUS
Hath there been such a time—I'd fain know that—
That I have positively said 'Tis so,'
When it proved otherwise?
KING CLAUDIUS
Not that I know.
LORD POLONIUS
[Pointing to his head and shoulder]
Take this from this, if this be otherwise:
If circumstances lead me, I will find
Where truth is hid, though it were hid indeed
Within the centre.
KING CLAUDIUS
How may we try it further?
LORD POLONIUS
You know, sometimes he walks four hours together
Here in the lobby.
QUEEN GERTRUDE
So he does indeed.
LORD POLONIUS
At such a time I'll loose my daughter to him:
Be you and I behind an arras then;
Mark the encounter: if he love her not
And be not from his reason fall'n thereon,
Let me be no assistant for a state,
But keep a farm and carters.
KING CLAUDIUS
We will try it.
QUEEN GERTRUDE
But, look, where sadly the poor wretch comes reading.
LORD POLONIUS
Away, I do beseech you, both away:
I'll board him presently.
(Exeunt KING CLAUDIUS, QUEEN GERTRUDE, and Attendants)
(Enter HAMLET, reading)
O, give me leave:
How does my good Lord Hamlet?
HAMLET
Well, God-a-mercy.
LORD POLONIUS
Do you know me, my lord?

LORD POLONIUS
Not I, my lord.
HAMLET
Then I would you were so honest a man.
LORD POLONIUS
Honest, my lord!
HAMLET
Ay, sir; to be honest, as this world goes, is to be
one man picked out of ten thousand.
LORD POLONIUS
That's very true, my lord.

LORD POLONIUS
I have, my lord.
HAMLET
Let her not walk i' the sun: conception is a
blessing: but not as your daughter may conceive.
Friend, look to 't.
LORD POLONIUS
[Aside] How say you by that? Still harping on my
daughter: yet he knew me not at first; he said I
was a fishmonger: he is far gone, far gone: and
truly in my youth I suffered much extremity for
love; very near this. I'll speak to him again.
What do you read, my lord?
HAMLET
Words, words, words.
LORD POLONIUS
What is the matter, my lord?
HAMLET
Between who?

HAMLET
Slanders, sir: for the satirical rogue says here
that old men have grey beards, that their faces are
wrinkled, their eyes purging thick amber and
plum-tree gum and that they have a plentiful lack of
wit, together with most weak hams: all which, sir,
though I most powerfully and potently believe, yet
I hold it not honesty to have it thus set down, for
yourself, sir, should be old as I am, if like a crab
you could go backward.
LORD POLONIUS
[Aside] Though this be madness, yet there is method
in 't. Will you walk out of the air, my lord?
HAMLET
Into my grave.
LORD POLONIUS
Indeed, that is out o' the air.
[Aside] How pregnant sometimes his replies are! a happiness
that often madness hits on, which reason and sanity
could not so prosperously be delivered of. I will
leave him, and suddenly contrive the means of
meeting between him and my daughter.—My honourable
lord, I will most humbly take my leave of you.

LORD POLONIUS
Fare you well, my lord.
HAMLET
These tedious old fools!
(Enter ROSENCRANTZ and GUILDENSTERN)
LORD POLONIUS
You go to seek the Lord Hamlet; there he is.

(Exit POLONIUS)
GUILDENSTERN
My honoured lord!
ROSENCRANTZ
My most dear lord!
HAMLET
My excellent good friends! How dost thou,
Guildenstern? Ah, Rosencrantz! Good lads, how do ye both?
ROSENCRANTZ
As the indifferent children of the earth.
GUILDENSTERN
Happy, in that we are not over-happy;
On fortune's cap we are not the very button.
HAMLET
Nor the soles of her shoe?
ROSENCRANTZ
Neither, my lord.
HAMLET
Then you live about her waist, or in the middle of
her favours?
GUILDENSTERN
'Faith, her privates we.
HAMLET
In the secret parts of fortune? O, most true; she
is a strumpet. What's the news?
ROSENCRANTZ
None, my lord, but that the world's grown honest.
HAMLET
Then is doomsday near: but your news is not true.
Let me question more in particular: what have you,
my good friends, deserved at the hands of fortune,
that she sends you to prison hither?
GUILDENSTERN
Prison, my lord!
HAMLET
Denmark's a prison.
ROSENCRANTZ
Then is the world one.
HAMLET
A goodly one; in which there are many confines,
wards and dungeons, Denmark being one o' the worst.
ROSENCRANTZ
We think not so, my lord.
HAMLET
Why, then, 'tis none to you; for there is nothing
either good or bad, but thinking makes it so: to me
it is a prison.
ROSENCRANTZ
Why then, your ambition makes it one; 'tis too
narrow for your mind.
HAMLET
O God, I could be bounded in a nut shell and count
myself a king of infinite space, were it not that I
have bad dreams.
GUILDENSTERN
Which dreams indeed are ambition, for the very
substance of the ambitious is merely the shadow of a dream.
HAMLET
A dream itself is but a shadow.
ROSENCRANTZ
Truly, and I hold ambition of so airy and light a
quality that it is but a shadow's shadow.
HAMLET
Then are our beggars bodies, and our monarchs and
outstretched heroes the beggars' shadows. Shall we
to the court? for, by my fay, I cannot reason.
ROSENCRANTZ GUILDENSTERN
We'll wait upon you.
HAMLET
No such matter: I will not sort you with the rest
of my servants, for, to speak to you like an honest
man, I am most dreadfully attended. But, in the
beaten way of friendship, what make you at Elsinore?
ROSENCRANTZ
To visit you, my lord; no other occasion.
HAMLET
Beggar that I am, I am even poor in thanks; but I
thank you: and sure, dear friends, my thanks are
too dear a halfpenny. Were you not sent for? Is it
your own inclining? Is it a free visitation? Come,
deal justly with me: come, come; nay, speak.
GUILDENSTERN
What should we say, my lord?
HAMLET
Why, any thing, but to the purpose. You were sent
for; and there is a kind of confession in your looks
which your modesties have not craft enough to colour:
I know the good king and queen have sent for you.
ROSENCRANTZ
To what end, my lord?
HAMLET
That you must teach me. But let me conjure you, by
the rights of our fellowship, by the consonancy of
our youth, by the obligation of our ever-preserved
love, and by what more dear a better proposer could
charge you withal, be even and direct with me,
whether you were sent for, or no?
ROSENCRANTZ
[Aside to GUILDENSTERN] What say you?
HAMLET
[Aside] Nay, then, I have an eye of you.—If you
love me, hold not off.
GUILDENSTERN
My lord, we were sent for.
 I have of late—but
wherefore I know not—lost all my mirth, forgone all
custom of exercises; and indeed it goes so heavily
with my disposition that this goodly frame, the
earth, seems to me a sterile promontory, this most
excellent canopy, the air, look you, this brave
o'erhanging firmament, this majestical roof fretted
with golden fire, why, it appears no other thing to
me than a foul and pestilent congregation of vapours.
What a piece of work is a man! how noble in reason!
how infinite in faculty! in form and moving how
express and admirable! in action how like an angel!
in apprehension how like a god! the beauty of the
world! the paragon of animals! And yet, to me,
what is this quintessence of dust? man delights not
me: no, nor woman neither, though by your smiling
you seem to say so.
ROSENCRANTZ
My lord, there was no such stuff in my thoughts.
HAMLET
Why did you laugh then, when I said 'man delights not me'?
ROSENCRANTZ
To think, my lord, if you delight not in man, what
lenten entertainment the players shall receive from
you: we coted them on the way; and hither are they
coming, to offer you service.
HAMLET
He that plays the king shall be welcome; his majesty
shall have tribute of me; the adventurous knight
shall use his foil and target; the lover shall not
sigh gratis; the humourous man shall end his part
in peace; the clown shall make those laugh whose
lungs are tickled o' the sere; and the lady shall
say her mind freely, or the blank verse shall halt
for't. What players are they?
ROSENCRANTZ
Even those you were wont to take delight in, the
tragedians of the city.
HAMLET
How chances it they travel? their residence, both
in reputation and profit, was better both ways.
ROSENCRANTZ
I think their inhibition comes by the means of the
late innovation.
HAMLET
Do they hold the same estimation they did when I was
in the city? are they so followed?
ROSENCRANTZ
No, indeed, are they not.
HAMLET
How comes it? do they grow rusty?
ROSENCRANTZ
Nay, their endeavour keeps in the wonted pace: but
there is, sir, an aery of children, little eyases,
that cry out on the top of question, and are most
tyrannically clapped for't: these are now the
fashion, and so berattle the common stages—so they
call them—that many wearing rapiers are afraid of
goose-quills and dare scarce come thither.
HAMLET
What, are they children? who maintains 'em? how are
they escoted? Will they pursue the quality no
longer than they can sing? will they not say
afterwards, if they should grow themselves to common
players—as it is most like, if their means are no
better—their writers do them wrong, to make them
exclaim against their own succession?
ROSENCRANTZ
'Faith, there has been much to do on both sides; and
the nation holds it no sin to tarre them to
controversy: there was, for a while, no money bid
for argument, unless the poet and the player went to
cuffs in the question.
HAMLET
Is't possible?
GUILDENSTERN
O, there has been much throwing about of brains.
HAMLET
Do the boys carry it away?
ROSENCRANTZ
Ay, that they do, my lord; Hercules and his load too.
HAMLET
It is not very strange; for mine uncle is king of
Denmark, and those that would make mows at him while
my father lived, give twenty, forty, fifty, an
hundred ducats a-piece for his picture in little.
'Sblood, there is something in this more than
natural, if philosophy could find it out.
(Flourish of trumpets within)
GUILDENSTERN
There are the players.
HAMLET
Gentlemen, you are welcome to Elsinore. Your hands,
come then: the appurtenance of welcome is fashion
and ceremony: let me comply with you in this garb,
lest my extent to the players, which, I tell you,
must show fairly outward, should more appear like
entertainment than yours. You are welcome: but my
uncle-father and aunt-mother are deceived.
GUILDENSTERN
In what, my dear lord?
HAMLET
I am but mad north-north-west: when the wind is
southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw.
(Enter POLONIUS)
LORD POLONIUS
Well be with you, gentlemen!
HAMLET
Hark you, Guildenstern; and you too: at each ear a
hearer: that great baby you see there is not yet
out of his swaddling-clouts.

HAMLET
I will prophesy he comes to tell me of the players;
mark it. You say right, sir: o' Monday morning;
'twas so indeed.
LORD POLONIUS
My lord, I have news to tell you.
HAMLET
My lord, I have news to tell you.
When Roscius was an actor in Rome,—
LORD POLONIUS
The actors are come hither, my lord.
HAMLET
Buz, buz!
LORD POLONIUS
Upon mine honour,—
HAMLET
Then came each actor on his ass,—
LORD POLONIUS
The best actors in the world, either for tragedy,
comedy, history, pastoral, pastoral-comical,
historical-pastoral, tragical-historical, tragical-
comical-historical-pastoral, scene individable, or
poem unlimited: Seneca cannot be too heavy, nor
Plautus too light. For the law of writ and the
liberty, these are the only men.
HAMLET
O Jephthah, judge of Israel, what a treasure hadst thou!
LORD POLONIUS
What a treasure had he, my lord?
HAMLET
Why,
'One fair daughter and no more,
The which he loved passing well.'
LORD POLONIUS
[Aside] Still on my daughter.
HAMLET
Am I not i' the right, old Jephthah?
LORD POLONIUS
If you call me Jephthah, my lord, I have a daughter
that I love passing well.
HAMLET
Nay, that follows not.
LORD POLONIUS
What follows, then, my lord?
HAMLET
Why,
'As by lot, God wot,'
and then, you know,
'It came to pass, as most like it was,'—
the first row of the pious chanson will show you
more; for look, where my abridgement comes.
(Enter four or five Players)
You are welcome, masters; welcome, all. I am glad
to see thee well. Welcome, good friends. O, my old
friend! thy face is valenced since I saw thee last:
comest thou to beard me in Denmark? What, my young
lady and mistress! By'r lady, your ladyship is
nearer to heaven than when I saw you last, by the
altitude of a chopine. Pray God, your voice, like
apiece of uncurrent gold, be not cracked within the
ring. Masters, you are all welcome. We'll e'en
to't like French falconers, fly at any thing we see:
we'll have a speech straight: come, give us a taste
of your quality; come, a passionate speech.
First Player
What speech, my lord?
HAMLET
I heard thee speak me a speech once, but it was
never acted; or, if it was, not above once; for the
play, I remember, pleased not the million; 'twas
caviare to the general: but it was—as I received
it, and others, whose judgments in such matters
cried in the top of mine—an excellent play, well
digested in the scenes, set down with as much
modesty as cunning. I remember, one said there
were no sallets in the lines to make the matter
savoury, nor no matter in the phrase that might
indict the author of affectation; but called it an
honest method, as wholesome as sweet, and by very
much more handsome than fine. One speech in it I
chiefly loved: 'twas Aeneas' tale to Dido; and
thereabout of it especially, where he speaks of
Priam's slaughter: if it live in your memory, begin
at this line: let me see, let me see—
'The rugged Pyrrhus, like the Hyrcanian beast,'—
it is not so:—it begins with Pyrrhus:—
'The rugged Pyrrhus, he whose sable arms,
Black as his purpose, did the night resemble
When he lay couched in the ominous horse,
Hath now this dread and black complexion smear'd
With heraldry more dismal; head to foot
Now is he total gules; horridly trick'd
With blood of fathers, mothers, daughters, sons,
Baked and impasted with the parching streets,
That lend a tyrannous and damned light
To their lord's murder: roasted in wrath and fire,
And thus o'er-sized with coagulate gore,
With eyes like carbuncles, the hellish Pyrrhus
Old grandsire Priam seeks.'
So, proceed you.
LORD POLONIUS
'Fore God, my lord, well spoken, with good accent and
good discretion.
First Player
'Anon he finds him
Striking too short at Greeks; his antique sword,
Rebellious to his arm, lies where it falls,
Repugnant to command: unequal match'd,
Pyrrhus at Priam drives; in rage strikes wide;
But with the whiff and wind of his fell sword
The unnerved father falls. Then senseless Ilium,
Seeming to feel this blow, with flaming top
Stoops to his base, and with a hideous crash
Takes prisoner Pyrrhus' ear: for, lo! his sword,
Which was declining on the milky head
Of reverend Priam, seem'd i' the air to stick:
So, as a painted tyrant, Pyrrhus stood,
And like a neutral to his will and matter,
Did nothing.
But, as we often see, against some storm,
A silence in the heavens, the rack stand still,
The bold winds speechless and the orb below
As hush as death, anon the dreadful thunder
Doth rend the region, so, after Pyrrhus' pause,
Aroused vengeance sets him new a-work;
And never did the Cyclops' hammers fall
On Mars's armour forged for proof eterne
With less remorse than Pyrrhus' bleeding sword
Now falls on Priam.
Out, out, thou strumpet, Fortune! All you gods,
In general synod 'take away her power;
Break all the spokes and fellies from her wheel,
And bowl the round nave down the hill of heaven,
As low as to the fiends!'
LORD POLONIUS
This is too long.
HAMLET
It shall to the barber's, with your beard. Prithee,
say on: he's for a jig or a tale of bawdry, or he
sleeps: say on: come to Hecuba.
First Player
'But who, O, who had seen the mobled queen—'
HAMLET
'The mobled queen?'
LORD POLONIUS
That's good; 'mobled queen' is good.
First Player
'Run barefoot up and down, threatening the flames
With bisson rheum; a clout upon that head
Where late the diadem stood, and for a robe,
About her lank and all o'er-teemed loins,
A blanket, in the alarm of fear caught up;
Who this had seen, with tongue in venom steep'd,
'Gainst Fortune's state would treason have pronounced:
But if the gods themselves did see her then
When she saw Pyrrhus make malicious sport
In mincing with his sword her husband's limbs,
The instant burst of clamour that she made,
Unless things mortal move them not at all,
Would have made milch the burning eyes of heaven,
And passion in the gods.'
LORD POLONIUS
Look, whether he has not turned his colour and has
tears in's eyes. Pray you, no more.
HAMLET
'Tis well: I'll have thee speak out the rest soon.
Good my lord, will you see the players well
bestowed?
LORD POLONIUS
My lord, I will use them according to their desert.
HAMLET
God's bodykins, man, much better: use every man
after his desert, and who should 'scape whipping?
Use them after your own honour and dignity: the less
they deserve, the more merit is in your bounty.
Take them in.
LORD POLONIUS
Come, sirs.
HAMLET
Follow him, friends: we'll hear a play to-morrow.
(Exit POLONIUS with all the Players but the First)
Dost thou hear me, old friend; can you play the
Murder of Gonzago?
First Player
Ay, my lord.
HAMLET
We'll ha't to-morrow night. You could, for a need,
study a speech of some dozen or sixteen lines, which
I would set down and insert in't, could you not?
First Player
Ay, my lord.
HAMLET
Very well. Follow that lord; and look you mock him not.
(Exit First Player)
My good friends, I'll leave you till night: you are
welcome to Elsinore.
ROSENCRANTZ
Good my lord!
HAMLET
Ay, so, God be wi' ye;
(Exeunt ROSENCRANTZ and GUILDENSTERN)
Now I am alone.

Is it not monstrous that this player here,
But in a fiction, in a dream of passion,
Could force his soul so to his own conceit
That from her working all his visage wann'd,
Tears in his eyes, distraction in's aspect,
A broken voice, and his whole function suiting
With forms to his conceit? and all for nothing!
For Hecuba!
What's Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba,
That he should weep for her? What would he do,
Had he the motive and the cue for passion
That I have? He would drown the stage with tears
And cleave the general ear with horrid speech,
Make mad the guilty and appal the free,
Confound the ignorant, and amaze indeed
The very faculties of eyes and ears. Yet I,
A dull and muddy-mettled rascal, peak,
Like John-a-dreams, unpregnant of my cause,
And can say nothing; no, not for a king,
Upon whose property and most dear life
A damn'd defeat was made. Am I a coward?
Who calls me villain? breaks my pate across?
Plucks off my beard, and blows it in my face?
Tweaks me by the nose? gives me the lie i' the throat,
As deep as to the lungs? who does me this?
Ha!
'Swounds, I should take it: for it cannot be
But I am pigeon-liver'd and lack gall
To make oppression bitter, or ere this
I should have fatted all the region kites
With this slave's offal: bloody, bawdy villain!
Remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindless villain!
O, vengeance!
 This is most brave,
That I, the son of a dear father murder'd,
Prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell,
Must, like a whore, unpack my heart with words,
And fall a-cursing, like a very drab,
A scullion!
Fie upon't! foh! About, my brain! I have heard
That guilty creatures sitting at a play
Have by the very cunning of the scene
Been struck so to the soul that presently
They have proclaim'd their malefactions;
For murder, though it have no tongue, will speak
With most miraculous organ. I'll have these players
Play something like the murder of my father
Before mine uncle: I'll observe his looks;
I'll tent him to the quick: if he but blench,
I know my course. The spirit that I have seen
May be the devil: and the devil hath power
To assume a pleasing shape; yea, and perhaps
Out of my weakness and my melancholy,
As he is very potent with such spirits,
Abuses me to damn me: I'll have grounds
More relative than this: the play 's the thing
Wherein I'll catch the conscience of the king.
(Exit)


Chapter 12 Data and metadata
12.1 Data
Data are information collected through research. Manipulation and analysis of these data (which involves testing the hypothesis) will yield the results of your research. A crucial step during this research process is ensuring the reproducibility of your results; this means that your results (either experimental or theoretical) must be repeatable by yourself and others within the scientific community. Therefore, sharing your scientific data becomes fundamental. Proper data sharing has the added benefit of allowing the data to be reused in other projects that you may not have been initially intended (e.g., meta-analyses); hence, other scientists can build directly on this to generate further knowledge (Hampton et al. 2015; White et al. 2013). In this sense, planning an experiment involves more than thinking through the physical manipulations required, but also requires thinking about how to store and share the data and metadata that will enable others to reuse that information effectively (Hampton et al. 2015).
12.1.1 Data guidelines
Data organization is the basis of the data-related work for your project. Messy data makes it harder for you and others to work with the data, so you should be mindful of your data organization when entering the data. You’ll want to organize your data in a way that allows computers and people (including you) to understand and use the data easily. For instance, when returning to your own data for further analysis months or years after you originally collected or analyzed it (White et al. 2013).
Keep in mind the following (Hart et al. 2016; White et al. 2013):
- Anticipate how your data will be used
- Be consistent
- Use standard data formats (properly formatted data are easier to use, e.g. .csv)
- Keep raw data raw
- Data should be structured for analysis (see below)
- Link to relevant metadata (well documented data are easier to understand). See section below for more details on metadata
- Store and share data (data that are shared in established repositories with open licenses is easier for others to find and use)
Following these recommendations makes it easier for anyone to reuse your data, including yourself!
12.1.2 Database structure guidelines
It’s essential to set up well-formatted tables from the outset before you even start collecting data to analyze. This will ensure that you spend less time wrangling data from one representation to another, allowing you to analyze data in much more effective and faster ways and spend more time on the analytic questions at hand.
We recommend (Hart et al. 2016; White et al. 2013):
- Be consistent
- Order of entries doesn’t matter
- One row for each data point
- One column per type of information
- Every cell contains one value
- Don’t use colors, fonts, or anything purely visual as data
- Use good null values (e.g. NAs)
- Store dates as YYY-MM-DD
- Save data in plain text files (e.g. .csv)
- Use good names
- Avoid including special characters in your data file
- Don’t put units or comments in cells
- Don’t do calculations in the raw data files
- Minimize redundancy using multiple tables
- Don’t use multiple tables in one sheet, or multiple tabs in a file.
- Make backups
12.2 Metadata
Another critical point when using data is to understand it. Metadata is information about the data. Metadata can include how the data was collected, what the units of measurement are, or descriptions of how to best use the data. Clear metadata makes it easier to figure out if a dataset is appropriate for a project. It also makes data easier to use by both the original investigators and by other scientists by making it easy to figure out how to work with the data. Without clear metadata, datasets can be overlooked or go unused due to the difficulty of understanding the data. Undocumented data also becomes less useful over time as information about the data is gradually lost (White et al. 2013).
12.2.1 Metadata guidelines
Metadata can take several forms, including descripttive file and column names, a written description of the data, images (i.e., maps, photographs), and specially structured information that can be read by computers (either as separate files or part of the data files) (White et al. 2013). The aim is to make the link between metadata and data as clear as possible (Hart et al. 2016). Good metadata should provide the following: (White et al. 2013):
- Include as many details as you can for future users of the data (i.e. the what, when, where, and how of data collection).
- Explain how to find and access the data.
- Give suggestions on the suitability of the data for answering specific questions.
- Provide warnings about known problems or inconsistencies in the data (e.g., general descriptions of data limitations or a column in a table to indicate the quality of individual data points).
- Give information to check that the data are properly imported (e.g., the number of rows and columns in the dataset and the total sum of numerical columns).
12.3 Further reading
Browse http://sciencebase.gov and http://data.usgs.gov for both good and bad examples fo these standards in use (as well as examples from before) http://Data.gov will have more examples too.
The metadata section of this paper is really great for a quick run down of what metadata is: https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/IEE/article/view/4608
Dataspice: an R package to create basic, lightweight and concise metadata files.
https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/23782242/about/author-guidelines#data
https://www.usgs.gov/products/data-and-tools/data-management/metadata-creation


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load neapolitan %} {% block content %}
There are no {{ object_verbose_name_plural }}. Create one now?


Quick start
1. Initialize the application
const Router = {
index: {
component: import(/* webpackChunkName: "index" */ "../pages/index/index.vue"),
},
info: {
component: import(/* webpackChunkName: "info" */ "../pages/info/index.vue"),
},
about: {
component: import(/* webpackChunkName: "about" */ "../pages/about/index.vue"),
},
};
const App = CtMobile.CtMobileFactory.create({
supportCordova: false,
linkCaptureReload: false,
router: Router,
});
Detailed parameter explanation please refer toAttribute configuration。
2. Router
In the code to initialize the application, you need to configure the router option. The router is an object. The object's key uniquely identifies a page. The value is an object. There are two attributes, component and config.
component Returns a Promise object representing the logical processing class of this page. When developing with Webpack, it can be defined as
component: import(/* webpackChunkName: "about" */ "../pages/about/index.vue")
config
- transition: {string} - Excessive type
- mode: {string} - Startup type
- intentfilterAction: {string} - Notification action
- intentfilterCategorys: {string} - Notice of categorys
- intentfilterPriority: {string} - Notice of priority
3. Write the page corresponding to the page
index.vue
<template>

index

index

</template>

index.js
export default {
props: {
_pDom: {
type: HTMLDivElement,
require: true,
},
pageId: {
type: String,
require: true,
value: ''
}
},
data: () => {
return {};
},
created() {
},
mounted() {
},
methods: {
pageCreate() {
console.log(`${this.$parent.getId()}:pageCreate`);
},
/***
* Before the page is displayed
* @callback
* @override
* @param {Object} e
*/
pageBeforeShow(e) {
console.log(`${this.$parent.getId()}:pageBeforeShow`);
},
/***
* page show
* @callback
* @override
* @param {Object} e
*/
pageShow(e) {
console.log(`${this.$parent.getId()}:pageShow`);
},
/***
* page after show
* @callback
* @override
* @param {Object} e
*/
pageAfterShow(e) {
console.log(`${this.$parent.getId()}:pageAfterShow`);
},
/***
* Before the page is paused
* @callback
* @override
* @param {Object} e
*/
pageBeforePause(e) {
console.log(`${this.$parent.getId()}:pageBeforePause`);
},
/***
* After the page is paused
* @callback
* @override
* @param {Object} e
*/
pageAfterPause(e) {
console.log(`${this.$parent.getId()}:pageAfterPause`);
},
/***
* Before page recovery
* @callback
* @override
* @param {Object} e
*/
pageBeforeRestore(e) {
console.log(`${this.$parent.getId()}:pageBeforeRestore`);
},
/***
* Page recovery
* @callback
* @override
* @param {Object} e
*/
pageRestore(e) {
console.log(`${this.$parent.getId()}:pageRestore`);
},
/***
* After the page is restored
* @callback
* @override
* @param {Object} e
*/
pageAfterRestore(e) {
console.log(`${this.$parent.getId()}:pageAfterRestore`);
},
/***
* Before the page DOM is destroyed
* @callback
* @override
* @param {Object} e
*/
pageBeforeDestroy(e) {
console.log(`${this.$parent.getId()}:pageBeforeDestroy`);
},
/***
* pageResult
* @callback
* @override
* @param {Object} e - jQuery的event
* @param {string} resultCode - return code
* @param {Object} bundle - return parameter
*/
pageResult(e, resultCode, bundle) {
console.log(`${this.$parent.getId()}:pageResult`);
},
/***
* If the ct-data-intentfilter-action attribute is added, the condition is triggered.
* @callback
* @override
* @param {Object} bundle
* @param {Object} functions
*/
pageReceiver(bundle, functions) {
console.log(`${this.$parent.getId()}:pageReceiver`);
}
}
};
Write a single file component of *.vue. Note that this component has two props, _pDom and pageId, where _pDom is the dom at the top of this Page, and pageId is the key configured in the config of Router. In the template, you only need to return the local code, because the layer has been wrapped in the upper layer.

The top container. Among them pageCreate, pageShow and pageBeforeDestory are the life cycle functions of Page, more life cycle functions please refer to Page life cycle
4. Jump to a new page
There are two ways to jump to a new page.
Label method
<ctmobile-link pageId="info">Jump to the info page</ctmobile-link>
Using the pageId attribute in the Link tag, you can jump to a new page where the value of pageId is the key in Router，ctmobile-link can be used globally.
api mode Use the App.startPage method to jump to a new page, where the App object is the return value after initializing the application. If it is in the Page class, it can be obtained by this.$parent.ctmobile.
this.$parent.ctmobile.startPage("#info?pageId=info");
5. Passing parameters between pages
- string mode
- use the parameter attribute
<ctmobile-link pageId="about" parameter="&a=1&b=2" />
- use api mode
this.$parent.ctmobile.startPage("#info?pageId=info&a=1&b=2");
- use the parameter attribute
memory mode By calling the setRequest method of the Page class to pass parameters, calling the getRequest method of the Page class on the target page to get the parameters. The advantage of using the memory method is that any data type data can be passed between pages. The disadvantage is that if the page is directly refreshed, Will save the last data, unlike the string method, you can permanently retain the value of the parameter.
A.vue
 this.$parent.setRequest('requestCode',{a:1,b:2}); this.$parent.ctmobile.startPage("#b?pageId=b");
B.vue
pageAfterShow() {  const parameter = JSON.stringify(this.$parent.getRequest()); console.log('parameter',parameter); }
Note that you need to call the getRequest method in the callback of pageAfterShow. As long as the pageAfterShow function is called, you can get the parameters by calling the getRequest method anywhere.
6. Page with return value
Add mode: "result" or mode: "singleInstanceResult" attribute to the router's config
const Router = {
PopUpDialog:{
component: import(/* webpackChunkName: "index" */ "../pages/PopUpDialog/index.vue"),
config:{
mode:'result',
/*
Or declared as singleInstanceResult
mode:'singleInstanceResult'
*/
}
}
};
For example, there are currently two pages index.vue, PopUpDialog.vue two pages. There is an eject button in index.vue, click the button to pop up the PopUpDialog page.
index.vue definition
<template>

<ctmobile-link pageId="PopUpDialog">Popup PopUpDialog</ctmobile-link>

{{resultText}}

</template>

Definition of PopUpDialog.vue
<template>
<button @click="
$parent.setResult('PopUpDialog', {a: 1, b: 2});
$parent.over();
">return</button>
</template>

index.vue rewrites the pageResult method. This method is triggered after PopUpDialog returns or manually calls the finish method. The pageResult has three parameters e, resultCode, bundle, where resultCode is used to distinguish different sources, bundle is Bring back the value. PopUpDialog.vue calls the this.$parent.setResult(resultCode,bundle); method to set the returned value, and the page closes after calling the this.$parent.over(); method.
The page usage scenarios with return values are generally divided into two types.
- Many to one a.vue, b.vue, c.vue... all pop up d.vue
- One-to-many a.vue pops up b.vue, c.vue, d.vue...
In the case of many-to-one, the flag of the parent page can be passed through the setRequest method.
In the case of one-to-many, different sources can be distinguished by the requestCode of the pageResult method.
7. Page startup mode
Set the mode attribute value in the config of the Router. The framework supports a total of 5 startup modes.
standard（default） Multiple case mode
The multi-instance mode will create a new instance when the configuration or api jumps to this page. The so-called new instance is that the Page class corresponding to Dom and Dom will be new.
single Singleton mode (destroyed when clicked back)
Like Single in Android, for example, add the following page development order: index.vue -> a.vue -> b.vue -> c.vue -> d.vue -> b.vue If the mode of b.vue is set to single, then after executing the above page order, the history stack is currently index.vue -> a.vue -> b.vue c.vue and d.vue are also deleted, and the deleted colleague also calls the corresponding lifecycle function. But if you click back in b.vue then b.vue will still be destroyed.
singleInstance Complete singleton mode (will not be destroyed at any time)
A complete singleton is never destroyed at all times and only one instance exists.
result With a return value (you can bring back the return value to the parent page)
singleInstanceResult A complete singleton with a return value (will not be destroyed, can bring back the return value to the parent page)
Just like result, only instances will not be destroyed.
8. Page life cycle
Page 1 has a total of 10 life cycle functions
9. Page transition effect
Set the transition attribute value in the config of the Router. The framework supports a total of 13 pages of excessive effects.
- slideleft-From right to left(overlay)
- slideright-From left to right(overlay)
- slideup-From bottom to top(overlay)
- slidedown-From top to bottom(overlay)
- wxslideleft-Similar to WeChat from right to left
- wxslideright-Similar to WeChat from left to right
- wxslideup-Similar to WeChat from bottom to top
- wxslidedown-Similar to WeChat from top to bottom
- pushslideleft-From right to left(push)
- pushslideright-From left to right(push)
- pushslideup-From bottom to top(push)
- pushslidedown-From top to bottom(push)
- material-Android Material style
10. borasdcast
Drawing on the concept of Borsdcast in Android, it provides a series of functions for data transfer between Pages. The broadcast is divided into ordered and unordered, and broadcast can be realized through configuration and api.
- Register by configuration
Add the intentfilterAction to the Router, register the intentfilterCategorys property.
Page rewriting pageReceiver method
<template>
{{resultText}}
 </template>
Register via api
<template>
{{resultText}}
 </template>
- Sending an unordered broadcast
Call CtMobile's sendBroadcast method in the Page class
this.$parent.ctmobile.sendBroadcast({ action: 'actionCode', categorys: ['c1','c2'], bundle: { a: 1, b: 2 } });
- Send an orderly broadcast
Call CtMobile's sendOrderedBroadcast method in the Page class
this.$parent.ctmobile.sendOrderedBroadcast({ action: 'actionCode', categorys: ['c1','c2'], bundle: { a: 1, b: 2 } });
- Ordered broadcast
- Priority of notification
Ordered broadcast notifications are ordered. This order is determined by the priority attribute. The larger the priority, the sooner it is notified. The smaller the later, the more notified.
Use configuration settings priority
Use api registration to set priorityconst Router = { index:{ component: import(/* webpackChunkName: "index" */ "../pages/index/index.vue"), config:{ intentfilterPriority:0 } } }
// register borasdcast this.$parent.ctmobile.registerReceiver({ action: 'actionCode', priority: 0, categorys: ['c1','c2'] }, this.onRegisterReceiver);
- Pass parameters back and terminate delivery
- Priority of notification
Ordered broadcast notifications are ordered. This order is determined by the priority attribute. The larger the priority, the sooner it is notified. The smaller the later, the more notified.
Use configuration settings priority
There are two parameters intent and opt in the callback function of the ordered broadcast, where intent is the parameter passed by the notification, opt is an object, there are 2 methods, putExtras and next, where putExtras sets the parameters passed down, these parameters It is merged together. Only the next method is called to pass down.
- Classification of notifications(categorys)
In addition to Action, when registering a broadcast, you can define multiple categories. Categoryes can be considered as a secondary title, which is used to define the action fine-grained.
12. Other functions
Whether to increase history If you don't want to add a new page to the history stack, you can set the reload property to true to prevent the browser from adding history.
<ctmobile-link pageId="a" reload="true">info A</ctmobile-link>
this.$parent.ctmobile.startPage('#a?pageId=a',{ reload:true });
For example, index.vue -> a.vue, then only a.vue in the history stack
Use ctmobile-back to return the page
<template> <ctmobile-back/> </template>


|
Pip-Services-Commons-Dotnet
|
Defines standard error categories to application exceptions supported by PipServices toolkit. More...
Public Attributes | |
| const string | Unknown = "Unknown" |
| Unknown or unexpected errors. More... | |
| const string | Internal = "Internal" |
| Internal errors caused by programming mistakes. More... | |
| const string | Misconfiguration = "Misconfiguration" |
| Errors related to mistakes in user-defined configuration. More... | |
| const string | InvalidState = "InvalidState" |
| Errors related to operations called in wrong component state. For instance, business calls when component is not ready. More... | |
| const string | NoResponse = "NoResponse" |
| Errors caused by remote calls timeouted and not returning results. It allows to clearly separate communication related problems from other application errors. More... | |
| const string | FailedInvocation = "FailedInvocation" |
| Errors returned by remote services or network during call attempts. More... | |
| const string | NoFileAccess = "NoFileAccess" |
| Errors in read/write file operations. More... | |
| const string | BadRequest = "BadRequest" |
| Errors due to improper user requests, like missing or wrong parameters. More... | |
| const string | Unauthorized = "Unauthorized" |
| Access errors caused by missing user identity or security permissions. More... | |
| const string | NotFound = "NotFound" |
| Error caused by attempt to access missing object. More... | |
| const string | Conflict = "Conflict" |
| Errors raised by conflict in object versions posted by user and stored on server. More... | |
| const string | Unsupported = "Unsupported" |
| Errors caused by calls to unsupported or not yet implemented functionality. More... | |
Defines standard error categories to application exceptions supported by PipServices toolkit.
| const string PipServices3.Commons.Errors.ErrorCategory.BadRequest = "BadRequest" |
Errors due to improper user requests, like missing or wrong parameters.
| const string PipServices3.Commons.Errors.ErrorCategory.Conflict = "Conflict" |
Errors raised by conflict in object versions posted by user and stored on server.
| const string PipServices3.Commons.Errors.ErrorCategory.FailedInvocation = "FailedInvocation" |
Errors returned by remote services or network during call attempts.
| const string PipServices3.Commons.Errors.ErrorCategory.Internal = "Internal" |
Internal errors caused by programming mistakes.
| const string PipServices3.Commons.Errors.ErrorCategory.InvalidState = "InvalidState" |
Errors related to operations called in wrong component state. For instance, business calls when component is not ready.
| const string PipServices3.Commons.Errors.ErrorCategory.Misconfiguration = "Misconfiguration" |
Errors related to mistakes in user-defined configuration.
| const string PipServices3.Commons.Errors.ErrorCategory.NoFileAccess = "NoFileAccess" |
Errors in read/write file operations.
| const string PipServices3.Commons.Errors.ErrorCategory.NoResponse = "NoResponse" |
Errors caused by remote calls timeouted and not returning results. It allows to clearly separate communication related problems from other application errors.
| const string PipServices3.Commons.Errors.ErrorCategory.NotFound = "NotFound" |
Error caused by attempt to access missing object.
| const string PipServices3.Commons.Errors.ErrorCategory.Unauthorized = "Unauthorized" |
Access errors caused by missing user identity or security permissions.
| const string PipServices3.Commons.Errors.ErrorCategory.Unknown = "Unknown" |
Unknown or unexpected errors.
| const string PipServices3.Commons.Errors.ErrorCategory.Unsupported = "Unsupported" |
Errors caused by calls to unsupported or not yet implemented functionality.


--- layout: default title: "mooc list" permalink: /images/mooc_list.html ---
Coursera
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE : Python
Learn to Program, The Fundamentals (University of Toronto)
Learn to Program, Crafting Quality Code (University of Toronto)
Coding the Matrix, Linear Algebra through Computer Science Applications (Brown University)
An Introduction to Interactive Programming in Python (Rice University)
Cluster Analysis in Data Mining (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE : Python, SQL, R
Web Intelligence and Big Data (Indian Institute of Technology Delhi)
Introduction to Data Science (University of Washington)
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE : R
R Programming (Johns Hopkins University)
Getting and Cleaning Data (Johns Hopkins University)
The Data Scientist Toolbox (Johns Hopkins University)
Reproducible Research (Johns Hopkins University)
Exploratory Data Analysis (Johns Hopkins University)
Developing Data Products (Johns Hopkins University)
Practical Machine Learning (Johns Hopkins University)
Regression Models (Johns Hopkins University)
Statistical Inference (Johns Hopkins University)
Computing for Data Analysis (Johns Hopkins University)
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE : Matlab, R
Core Concepts in Data Analysis (Higher School of Economics)
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE : Octave
Machine Learning (Stanford University)
Edx
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE : R
The Analytics Edge (MIT 15.071x)
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE : Python, Spark
Introduction to Big Data with Apache Spark (BerkeleyX CS100.1x)
Scalable Machine Learning (BerkeleyX - CS190.1x)
weka.waikato.ac.nz
Data mining with Weka (University of Waikato)
More data mining with Weka (University of Waikato)
online.stanford.edu
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE : R
Introduction to statistical learning (Stanford university)
open.hpi.de
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE : SQL
Datenmanagement mit SQL (Hasso-Plattner-Institut)


| Title | Date |
|---|---|
| 506B | Posted on 19 Jan 2015 |
| 489C | Posted on 17 Jan 2015 |
| 504B | Posted on 16 Jan 2015 |
| 383C | Posted on 26 Dec 2014 |
| 388B | Posted on 22 Dec 2014 |
| 396B | Posted on 19 Dec 2014 |
| 392B | Posted on 19 Dec 2014 |
| 398B | Posted on 18 Dec 2014 |
| 403B | Posted on 16 Dec 2014 |
| 406B | Posted on 15 Dec 2014 |
| 407B | Posted on 14 Dec 2014 |
| 420B | Posted on 13 Dec 2014 |
| 418B | Posted on 13 Dec 2014 |
| 414B | Posted on 13 Dec 2014 |
| 425B | Posted on 12 Dec 2014 |
| 429B | Posted on 11 Dec 2014 |
| 434B | Posted on 10 Dec 2014 |
| 438B | Posted on 09 Dec 2014 |
| 442B | Posted on 08 Dec 2014 |
| 449B | Posted on 07 Dec 2014 |
Here are some write-ups for the problems I solved on Codeforces.


| DOSE: |
repeated |
oral |
Vitamins - Niacin |
(capsule) |
So, flash back to about a year ago. It was 2005, and I had just got caught at school with pot. I was told that I'd have a drug test coming up soon, and I wasn't about to let myself fail and get in more trouble than I was already in. So, I went on a desperate search to find a way to get clean. It wasn't long until I was told about niacin and how it was a 'miracle 'cure'' (in my friend's words). I was eager to get my hands on some of these pills, because I had a feeling that just drinking massive amounts of water wouldn't really be foolproof, and I wanted all the help that I could get.
A few days after my friend had told me about this, he handed me a rolled-up plastic bag. I couldn't really see what was inside, and asked him what it was. He told me it was niacin pills. I thanked him profusely for helping me out, and then put the baggie in my pocket.
I got home later that day, the anticipation killing me. I popped two of the pills, as my friend had instructed. He had told me that this would cause EXTREME discomfort, as in fever, flushed, itchy skin, and that sort of thing. I waited for this to set in. After about half an hour, I felt no different, and I was told that within 15 minutes I would be in this little vitamin-induced state of misery I had heard so much about.
I had concluded that the pills were duds, but the threat of a test kept me in the mindset that I needed to take them. The second time I took them, I got more of the experience that my friend had described, although it took about 30-45 minutes to set in. My skin was flushed and blotchy.  My ears got hot and they felt like the wax inside of them was melting and running out, but a Q-tip in the ear yielded no sticky orange wax. And I was itchy. Oh god, was I itchy! It felt like there was little fires under my skin, and all the scratching in the world didn't help. The itching and heat lasted for about 20 minutes, while the skin flushing lasted almost an hour.
I have since bought a bottle of my own niacin pills. Sometimes when I take them, I get the itchiness and flushed skin. Other times, nothing happens at all. Tonight was probably the strangest time. I took niacin earlier, and I got a mild version of the uncomfortable state that it puts me in. But also, I got a mild psychoactive effect. I was sitting at the computer, and suddenly I got a dizzy feeling, but besides the dizziness, there was a mild 'pulling' sensation, like I was being lightly tugged forward. My thought process seemed to be a bit slower, and more relaxed. It was around that time that I decided to write this report. I don't know if that was maybe just a placebo effect of some sort, but I think the pills themselves may have been the cause, and not just my mind.
Since I was first told about niacin's ability to help one pass drug tests, I've been told otherwise. Some swear by it, and others say it doesn't work. I don't really know for sure, but either way, I'm on probation now, so I need every little bit of help I can possibly get. If it doesn't work, I only spent $2.50 on the bottle, so what the hell?
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Replaces original org.netbeans.spi.tasklist. It's package name shows that it's not yet stable and mature API.
After stabilization it'll move back to original package. You'll need to adjust imports and module layers.


Company Setup
Company Name:
Contact No.
Email:
Address:
Password Reset:
Select One
Yes
No
Password:
After No Of Days :
Select Days
30 Days
60 Days
90 Days
Application Name:
Database Name:
Save


To interact with the organizations' encrypted data, you would have to install a specialized library in Python. The data would be encrypted using a homomorphic encryption protocol (Paillier protocol) and with out library you would be able to interact with the encrypted data: perform primitive operations like addition, multiplication, divisions, subtraction and comparisons). We have chosen the Python programming language to develop the library because it is one of the most used languages in data science and analytics.
The required functions to ask for encrypted data, process it and ask for the result have been previously implemented in our library. To use them download this repository, decompress it and put the hesystem folder in your working directory.
In the downloaded repository you woul find a dependencies file (requeriments.txt) that you would have to install to guarantee the correct functioning of the library. To install it, open a terminal in your working directory and execute the following command:
pip install -r requirements.txt


Style Guide for SDK Documents
This document describes the writing style used in authoring open source IntelliJ Platform SDK documentation. Before you begin, please read this page thoroughly as well as the Code of Conduct and License documents. For information about contributing to the IntelliJ Platform itself, please visit Contributing to the IntelliJ Platform.
First and foremost, we should keep in mind our audience and their objectives: Someone reading technical content is usually looking to answer a specific question. That question might be broad or narrowly-focused, but either way, our goal is to provide answers without distraction.
The style of the Intellij Platform SDK documentation is captured by using a markup language named Markdown. The following sections describe the SDK documentation style in terms of the Markdown formats:
Documentation Markup Style
By default, when building the site, all files are copied to the destination _site
folder.
Some files are excluded in the _config.yml
and sdkdocs-template/jekyll/_config-defaults.yml
files.
The documentation files themselves are Markdown files (*.md
) that get automatically converted to HTML when the site is built.
Page Format
Only Markdown files beginning with a YAML header are converted to HTML.
If the Markdown file doesn’t contain a header, it won’t be converted.
In other words, to convert a .md
file to HTML, it should look like this:
---
---
Lorem ipsum...
The two lines at the top of the file are the markers of the YAML front matter. Fields can be added in between these markers, and are used when generating the HTML. Typically, this header is empty, although it is required by Jekyll (if omitted, the file isn’t converted).
The YAML header can contain data that is used when generating the site.
For example, the page title can be specified as a simple piece of Markdown - # Title
, or it can be specified in the YAML, and the page template displays it appropriately:
---
title: The Title Of The Page
---

Lorem ipsum...
The YAML header can also include redirect information.
Line spacing around headings in Markdown files generally doesn’t affect the HTML conversion, but it does make MD pages more readable for authors:
- No space between a heading and the first content below it.
- One space before a heading if it is the same level or a sub-heading of the previous section.
- Two spaces before a heading that is higher-level than the heading of the previous section.
Redirects
The documentation site is set up to include the jekyll-redirect-from plugin, which will generate “dummy” pages that automatically redirect to a given page.
For example, to specify that the index.html
page be generated to redirect to README.md
, the README.md
file should include the following in the YAML header:
---
redirect_from:
- /index.html
---
Lorem ipsum...
The redirect will create an index.html
file that will automatically redirect to the generated README.html
file.
Redirects enable the site URL to automatically show the README.html
file - http://localhost:4001/foo-test/
will try to load index.html
, which will automatically redirect to README.html
.
It is also useful to redirect when renaming or moving files. Multiple redirects can be added to the YAML header.
Table of Contents for a Page
The site is configured to use the Kramdown Markdown converter, which adds some extra features over traditional Markdown. For example, “attribute lists” that can apply attributes to the generated elements.
One useful attribute is {:toc}
, which can be applied to a list item, which will get replaced with a list of links to header items.
E.g. the following list item will be replaced by links to all of the header items in the page:
* Dummy list item
{:toc}
Further Kramdown features are described on the converter page, and attribute lists are described on the syntax page. Note that source code formatting is configured to use GitHub Flavoured Markdown and “code fences”, see below.
Liquid tags and filters
Jekyll uses the Liquid templating language to process files. This process means standard Liquid tags and filters are available. There should be little need to use them, however, as the Markdown format is already quite rich. See the Jekyll site for more details.
Text Format Conventions
Consistent text styles are used to standardize references and keywords:
- Menu paths are formatted as bold with pipe characters separating each level: **Preferences \| Editor** (Preferences | Editor)
- Keywords and quotations are formatted as italic: _UI Theme_ (UI Theme)
- File names and paths, and language keywords are formatted as code: `interface` (
interface
) See Syntax Highlighting for more details about representing in-paragraph code fragments. - File formats are shown as all capital letters: PNG and XML.
- File name extensions are not capitalized when part of a full file name, path, or URL:
filename.ext
. - Represent keyboard shortcuts with HTML elements:
press Alt+Insert
becomes “press Alt+Insert” - Links have a particular format depending on the type of link.
Terminology
Consistent terminology helps the reader grasp new concepts more quickly:
- The open source code in the GitHub repository
intellij-community
is known as the IntelliJ Platform. Use the full phrase in SDK documentation. - IDEs based on the IntelliJ Platform are described as IntelliJ Platform-based IDEs. Once that term is used on a page, authors may use IDEs
- When referring to JetBrains products always use the full name such as IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Edition. However, only use product names when extensibility or functionality is particular to a product.
Syntax Highlighting
In-paragraph code fragments and IntelliJ Platform APIs are formatted according to these rules:
- Avoid using qualifiers like “
Foo
interface” or “Foo
abstract class”. Just refer toFoo
. - The FQN is used for the first reference to an interface or class on a page.
Rather than
AnAction
, introduce it ascom.intellij.openapi.actionSystem.AnAction
. Subsequent references on the page can beAnAction
. Exception: the FQN is not used with an upsource link. - Use the FQN when first introducing an extension point (EP) on a page.
Rather than
stubIndex
, introducecom.intellij.stubIndex
. Subsequent mentions on the page can bestubIndex
. Exception: the FQN is not used when an extension point is introduced in an upsource link. - For XML elements, use the tag notation with syntax highlighting:
<idea-version>
. Attributes are shown with syntax highlighting, and attribute values are shown in quotes:since-build="191"
- Method names always use empty parentheses: “call
bar()
to apply”. Method names are prefixed with the class/interface name when needed for clarity:Foo.bar()
.
Source code can be represented by using GitHub Flavoured Markdown code fences, which are three backticks:
```
// Source code goes here...
```
Syntax highlighting can be applied by specifying the language after the first set of ticks:
```csharp
// Some C# code
```
```java
// Some Java code
```
Here is the list of supported languages, and also Kotlin, of course.
Whole files can be imported on a page.
The advantage is the code can come from code_samples
directory, so it will be live code that isn’t silently stale.
The disadvantage is the file may contain a large class, too large for the documentation page to be effective.
```java
// include statement
```
In any case, please keep code samples concise and avoid any unnecessary “surrounding” code or import statements.
Tables
The Kramdown parser also supports tables.
The syntax is to use the pipe (|
) and minus symbols:
```md
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|----------|----------|----------|
| Blah | Blah | Blah |
```
Links
Links are handled as normal Markdown links and can be anchored to external sites, pages within the sites, or headings in the sites.
When a Markdown header is converted to an HTML header, it is assigned an ID so that it can be linked.
For example, ## Introduction
will get the ID of introduction
, and can be linked either in the same page or cross-page as described below.
Links to files in the IntelliJ Platform (intellij-community
) repository use upsource:///
instead of the full URL to the repository.
The upsource:///
URI effectively points to the root of the intellij-community
repository.
[README.md](upsource:///README.md)
for links to general files in the repository.[
`AnAction`](upsource:///platform/editor-ui-api/src/com/intellij/openapi/actionSystem/AnAction.java)
for links to source code files for interfaces and classes.- Note the use of `` characters surrounding the class name in the link.
- When linking to an API in this manner the FQN isn’t necessary in the link.
- Be judicious when using such links. Generally only one link is needed for a given file on a documentation page.
General links have one of the following formats:
[External site](https://example.org)
links to an external site.- Linking to pages in the SDK documentation:
[SDK doc page in current directory](Page2.md)
links to an SDK doc page in the same directory as the current page. Note that the extension is.md
, NOT.html
.[SDK page in another folder](/Folder2/Page2.md)
links to a page in another folder. Note that the URL is navigating from the project root - this works even if the site is hosted in a sub-folder (e.g. this link will work forhttp://localhost:4000/devguide/Folder2/Page2.html
). Relative links also work (../Folder2/Page2.md
).
- Linking to specific sections on pages in the SDK documentation.
The anchor name will be all lower case, and spaces are replaced with
-
, e.g.## Page setup
becomes#page-setup
.[Link to a section on the current page](#another-section)
links to a heading on the current page.[Link to the section on another page](Page2.md#another-section)
links to a heading on another page.
Notes and callouts
Notes and callouts can be specified using the blockquote syntax. The converter looks at the first following word to see if it is bold. If so, it applies a callout style. The example below will be displayed as a callout, styled as a “note”:
> **NOTE** This is a note
The styles available for callouts are:
- TODO - Generally not used in SDK documentation.
Embed
<--! //TODO: explanation... -->
instead, which is not visible in published documentation. - TIP - Information that makes the reader more productive.
- NOTE - Information that is important for the reader to understand. This callout is reserved for key points and concepts.
- WARNING - Information critical to the user. Use this callout for information that prevents failures or errors.
Images
Images can be included by adding the file directly to the intellij-sdk-docs
repository.
Each subject directory typically has an img
subdirectory.
Keep images close to the corresponding documentation file in the repository directory structure.
Images in this documentation are generally screenshots. The preferred image format is PNG at 144 DPI resolution. A resolution of 72 DPI is acceptable but may look blurry on high-resolution monitors.
It is important to reduce the size of image files to prevent bloating the repository and impacting the performance of the documentation site. Resize an image to be nearly the desired width on a documentation page. Reducing an image’s dimensions is the most effective way to reduce image file size. Also optimize the image files using a tool such as the PNG optimizer.
Images are embedded in a document by adding a Markdown link to the image like so:
![Alt text](path-to-img.png)
If the width of an image needs to be adjusted, use Kramdown markup:
![Alt text](path-to-img.png){:width="42px"}
_SUMMARY Site Table of Contents
The table of contents for the site is displayed in the tree view on the left-hand side of the site, and it is generated from the _SUMMARY.md
file.
It is a simple Markdown list, with each item in the list being a link to another Markdown page, either in the root folder, or sub-folders.
The list can have nested items, which are displayed as child items in the table of contents.
# Summary
* [Introduction](README.md)
* [About This Guide](Intro/About.md)
* [Key Topics](Intro/KeyTopics.md)
The contents can be split into “parts” by separating the list into several lists, each new list starting with a level 2 heading (##
).
# Summary
* [Introduction](README.md)
* [About This Guide](Intro/About.md)
* [Key Topics](Intro/KeyTopics.md)
## Part I - Extending the Platform
* [Getting Started](Docs/GettingStarted.md)
* ...
If a node doesn’t have a link but is just plain text, it will still appear in the table of contents but will be greyed out and not clickable. It acts as a placeholder for a documentation item. A placeholder is useful to keep track of what should be documented, but hasn’t yet, and can be useful to show readers that the topic exists, but isn’t yet documented (Pull Requests always welcome!).


Spark, spark-notebook projects.
Docker images based on Jessie for spark-notebook quick start.
If you are having issues, please let me know.
Bug reports, bug fixes, and new features are always welcome.
NajlaBH-BigData Projects. copyright2017©


When i was at my tender age i used to thoughthat a restaurant is a place where people go to host meeeting and come back without eating. Little did i know it is also a place where people eat a variety of food that i was an adult
It is the best experience ever someone have in the place , especially during eating together with soulmate or rather a best friend.It is a unifying factor of human experiences ever
it is a source of vitamins in our bodies
its a source of protein in our diet
source of vitamins and proteins in our diet.most people prefer eating with ugali
most of the people take this meal fo lunch time because it genetates body with the energy
most delicious meal,it can be served with any meal according to the customer choice
Its a meal which can be served with chips, ugali and any other meal
There is something profoundly satisfying about sharing a meal. Eting together ,breaking breaf together,is one othe oldest and most fundementally umifying of human experiences.
There is something profoundly satisfying about sharing a meal. Eting together ,breaking breaf together,is one othe oldest and most fundementally umifying of human experiences
4-6pm
4-10pm
801 chestnut street 1 chattanooga TN 37402
GET THE LATEST NEW SIGNUP
FOR OUR NEWSLETTER


WITNESS LIST Urban Affairs Committee November 12, 1997-1:30P Proposed Section 8 Addendum On: David Mintz (Texas Apartment Assn.)


--- title: Create a custom Layer type: docs repo: https://github.com/rstudio/keras menu: main: name: Create a custom Layer - keras parent: keras-reference aliases: - /reference/keras/Layer.html - /keras/reference/Layer.html - /guide/keras/reference/Layer.html - /tools/tools/keras/reference/Layer.html - /installation/keras/reference/Layer.html - /tutorials/keras/reference/Layer.html - /guide/tools/keras/reference/Layer.html - /deploy/keras/reference/Layer.html - /tools/keras/reference/Layer.html - /tutorials/tools/keras/reference/Layer.html ---
Create a custom Layer
Layer(
classname,
initialize,
build = NULL,
call = NULL,
compute_output_shape = NULL,
...,
inherit = tensorflow::tf$keras$layers$Layer
)
| classname | the name of the custom Layer. |
| initialize | a function. This is where you define the arguments used to further
build your layer. For example, a dense layer would take the |
| build | a function that takes |
| call | This is where the layer’s logic lives. Unless you want your layer to
support masking, you only have to care about the first argument passed to |
| compute_output_shape | a function that takes |
| ... | Any other methods and/or attributes can be specified using named arguments. They will be added to the layer class. |
| inherit | the Keras layer to inherit from |
A function that wraps create_layer
, similar to keras::layer_dense
.
if (FALSE) {
layer_dense2 <- Layer(
"Dense2",
initialize = function(units) {
super()$`__init__`()
self$units <- as.integer(units)
},
build = function(input_shape) {
print(class(input_shape))
self$kernel <- self$add_weight(
name = "kernel",
shape = list(input_shape[[2]], self$units),
initializer = "uniform",
trainable = TRUE
)
},
call = function(x) {
tensorflow::tf$matmul(x, self$kernel)
},
compute_output_shape = function(input_shape) {
list(input_shape[[1]], self$units)
}
)
l <- layer_dense2(units = 10)
l(matrix(runif(10), ncol = 1))
}


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io-value with three attribute types.
io-value with disabled attribute.
io-value matrix with various data types and type attributes.
string
number
boolean
string:
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reading a book on photography
Reading a book by David Ulrich, “Zen camera: creative awakening with a daily practice in photography”.
Found words (or the vocabulary) to describe what I spend a significant amount of energy on nowadays: creating the necessary conditions for “the arrival of the muse… - what artists call inspiration and many call the ‘aha’ moment […] the creative intelligence occurring when the artist or seeker is open, taking place through the cracks of the ordinary, rational brain”. (Page 94).
Here I share a photo (I have) taken on 26th December, around the time of a supposed eclipse. It draws me somehow… I stay open to where it calls me.
As Ulrich says (on Page 88), the famous figure in spirituality, Rumi, has a quote/poem:
“Let yourself be silently drawn by the strange pull of what you really love. It will not lead you astray “


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We have Monday blues and why not Monday blacks, since for me blue is a very soothing and calm color, although its very difficult to find the right blue pigmentation. I received this pencil in the February edition of Blisscovered, which is back on the path of self discovery I suppose.
Price: Rs. 370, but online it can be found around Rs. 290Claim: Chambor stay-on eye pencils provide rich,long, long lasting and consistent color.We love the pencil's creamy texture and the rich, deep pigmentation of the midnight blue.its almost black, so can be worn day & night.Its great for an edgy winged liner look.


This is a summary of weight initialization in aritifical neural networks.
All Zero Initialization (Pitfall): Note that we do not know what the final value of every weight should be in the trained network, but with proper data normalization it is reasonable to assume that approximately half of the weights will be positive and half of them will be negative. A reasonable-sounding idea then might be to set all the initial weights to zero, which we expect to be the “best guess” in expectation. This turns out to be a mistake, because if every neuron in the network computes the same output, then they will also all compute the same gradients during backpropagation and undergo the exact same parameter updates. In other words, there is no source of asymmetry between neurons if their weights are initialized to be the same. In deeplearning4j, it corresponds to WeightInit.ZERO
. (However, this method is NOT recommended)
Small random numbers: Therefore, we still want the weights to be very close to zero, but as we have argued above, not identically zero. As a solution, it is common to initialize the weights of the neurons to small numbers and refer to doing so as symmetry breaking. The idea is that the neurons are all random and unique in the beginning, so they will compute distinct updates and integrate themselves as diverse parts of the full network. For example, $W\sim\mathcal{N}(0,\sigma)$. With this formulation, every neuron’s weight vector is initialized as a random vector sampled from a multi-dimensional gaussian, so the neurons point in random direction in the input space. It is also possible to use small numbers drawn from a uniform distribution, but this seems to have relatively little impact on the final performance in practice.
Warning that it is not necessarily the case that smaller numbers will work strictly better. For example, a Neural Network layer that has very small weights will during backpropagation compute very small gradients on its data (since this gradient is proportional to the value of the weights). This could greatly diminish the “gradient signal” flowing backward through a network, and could become a concern for deep networks.
Below introduces several weight initialization techniques that are commonly used in neural networks and perform well. It is worth mentioning that if you do not know which technique should be chosen as weight initilalizaion method, Xaiver is often choosed as a initial try.
Uniform Distribution Initialization
It is a commonly used heuristic, which is defined as
$$
W\sim U\big[-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n_{in}}},\frac{1}{\sqrt{n_{in}}}\big]
$$
where $U[−a,a]$ is the uniform distribution in the interval $(−a,a)$ and $n$ is the size of the previous layer. Corresponds to WeightInit.UNIFORM
in deeplearning4j.
Xavier Initialization
Assigning the network weights before training sometimes can be treated as a random process, since we do not know anything about the data, so we are not sure how to assign the weights that would work in that particular case. And there are some problems when initializing the weights:
- If the weights in a network start too small, then the signal shrinks as it passes through each layer until it’s too tiny to be useful.
- If the weights in a network start too large, then the signal grows as it passes through each layer until it’s too massive to be useful.
In this case, assigning the weights follow a Gaussian distribution with zero mean and a finite variance is a good choice. Here, the Xavier initialization, proposed by Xavier Glorot and Yoshua Bengio, is a Gaussian distribution with zero mean and a suitable variance, which makes sure the weights are “just right”, keeping the signal in a reasonable range of values through many layers.
Consider a layer of neural networks with $n_{in}=n$ inputs and $n_{out}=m$ outputs, and suppose we have an initialized random weights $\mathbf{W}\in\mathbb{R}^{n\cdot m}$. For an input $\mathbf{x}=(x_{1},\dots ,x_{n})$, we have
$$
\mathbf{y}=\mathbf{W}^{T}\mathbf{x}
$$
where $\mathbf{y}$ is the output vector with dimension $m$. To simplify this, let’s assume that $m=1$, then it degrades to a linear neuron where
$$
y=\mathbf{W}^{T}\mathbf{x}=w_{1}x_{1}+w_{2}x_{2}+\dots +w_{n}x_{n}
$$
Since we want the variance to remain the same after passing the layer to help to keep the signal from exploding to a high value or a vanishing to zero, so we need the generated weights to satisfy
$$
var(y)=var(w_{1}x_{1}+\dots +w_{n}x_{n})=var(w_{1}x_{1})+\dots +var(w_{n}x_{n})
$$
assume that $\mathbf{W}$ and $\mathbf{x}$ are independent and both of them have zero mean, then for $var(w_{i}x_{i})$:
$$
var(w_{i}x_{i})=E[x_{i}]^{2}var(w_{i})+E[w_{i}]^{2}var(x_{i})+var(w_{i})var(x_{i})=var(w_{i})var(x_{i})
$$
Then if we make a further assumption that the $w_{i}$ and $x_{i}$ are all independent and identically distributed, we can work out that the variance of $y$ is
$$
var(y)=n\cdot var(w_{i})var(x_{i})
$$
So if we want to make sure the variance of $y$ to be the same as $\mathbf{x}$, then we need $n\cdot var(w_{i})=1$. Hence,
$$
var(w_{i})=\frac{1}{n}=\frac{1}{n_{in}}
$$
and using this, the weights can be initialized by the Gaussian distribution with zero mean and variance $\frac{1}{n_{in}}$. Actually, in deeplearning4j, the weight initialization function WeightInit.XAVIER_FAN_IN
is using the formula above. Samely, if you go through the same steps for the backpropagated signal, you find that you need
$$
var(w_{i})=\frac{1}{n_{out}}
$$
to keep he variance of the input gradient and the output gradient the same. These two constraints can only be satisfied simultaneously if $n_{in}=n_{out}$, so as a compromise, the author takes the average of the two:
$$
var(w_{i})=\frac{2}{n_{in}+n_{out}}
$$
So the weight is initialized by the Gaussian distribution with zero mean and variance $\frac{2}{n_{in}+n_{out}}$. This is corresponding to the function WeightInit.XAVIER
in deeplearning4j.
Moreover, the author also introduced a normalized initialization version follows uniform distribution, which is corresponding to the WeightInit.XAVIER_UNIFORM
in deeplearning4j.
$$
\mathbf{W}\sim U\big[-\frac{\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{n_{in}+n_{out}}},\frac{\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{n_{in}+n_{out}}}\big]
$$
In the paper, the author describes that “The normalization factor may therefore be important when initializing deep networks because of the multiplicative effect through layers, and we suggest the following initialization procedure to approximately satisfy our objectives of maintaining activation variances and back-propagated gradients variance as one moves up or down the network”. More details you can get from the paper: Understanding the difficulty of training deep feedforward neural networks. (Note that, since Xavier is aimed to deal with gradient vanishing or exploding problems, however, if you use ReLU as the activation function, which would not lead to vanishing or exploding gradients, so normally, Xavier initialization would not be use with ReLU activation).
What’s more, here is another version of Xavier with uniform distribution in deeplearning4j weight initialization function list: WeightInit.SIGMOID_UNIFORM
, which is defined as
$$
\mathbf{W}\sim U\big[-\frac{4\cdot\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{n_{in}+n_{out}}},\frac{4\cdot\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{n_{in}+n_{out}}}\big]
$$
ReLU Initialization
It is proposed by He et al. to handle the issue that for some very deep CNNs initialized by random weights drawn from Gaussian distributions with fixed standard deviations, have difficulties to converge, (Typically, used for the layers with ReLU activation function).
Consider a layer in neural networks with initialized weights $\mathbf{W}_{l}$, where $l$ denotes a layer, elements in $\mathbf{W}_{l}\in\mathbb{R}^{d\cdot n}$ are independent and identical destributed (i.i.d.), and ignore $d_{l}$. Suppose that we have an input $\mathbf{x}_{l}=f(\mathbf{y}_{l-1})\in\mathbb{R}^{n}$, where $\mathbf{x}_{l}$ is the input of current layer and also the output of previous layer, so we have $\mathbf{x}_{l}=f(\mathbf{y}_{l-1})$, $f(\cdot)$ is the activaion function. Assume the elements in $\mathbf{x}_{l}$ are also i.i.d., and $\mathbf{W}_{l}$ and $\mathbf{x}_{l}$ are independent of each other. Then, $$ var(y_{l})=n_{l}\cdot var(w_{l}x_{l}) $$ where $y_{l}$, $x_{l}$ and $w_{l}$ represent the elements in $\mathbf{y}_{l}$, $\mathbf{x}_{l}$ and $\mathbf{W}_{l}$ respectively. Let $w_{l}$ has zero mean, then the variance of the product of independent variables gives $$ var(y_{l})=n_{l}\cdot var(w_{l})\cdot E\big[x_{l}^{2}\big] $$ where the $E\big[x_{l}^{2}\big]$ denotes the expectation of the square of $x_{l}$. Note that $E\big[x_{l}^{2}\big]\neq var(x_{l})$ unless $x_{l}$ has zero mean. However, for ReLU, $x_{l}=max(0,y_{l-1})$ and thus it does not have zero mean.
If let $w_{l-1}$ has a symmetric distribution around zero, then $y_{l-1}$ has zero mean and has a symmetric distribution around zero. This leads to $E\big[x_{l}^{2}\big]=\frac{1}{2}var(y_{l-1})$ when $f$ is ReLU, then we will obtain
$$
var(y_{l})=\frac{1}{2}n_{l}\cdot var(w_{l})\cdot var(y_{l-1})
$$
With $L$ layers put together, we have
$$
var(y_{L})=var(y_{1})\cdot\big(\prod_{l=2}^{L}\frac{1}{2}n_{l}\cdot var(w_{l})\big)
$$
This product is the key to the initialization design. A proper initialization method should avoid reducing or magnifying the magnitudes of input signals exponentially. So the author expects the above product to take a proper scalar (e.g., 1). A sufficient condition is
$$
\frac{1}{2}n_{l}\cdot var(w_{l})=1, \forall l.
$$
This leads to a zero-mean Gaussian distribution whose standard deviation is $\sqrt{\frac{2}{n_{l}}}$. And this is a general idea of ReLU initilization, which is corresponding to WeightInit.RELU
in deeplearning4j. Similar to Xavier, the author also provides a unifrom destribution version
$$
W\sim U\big[-\sqrt{\frac{6}{n_{l}}},\sqrt{\frac{6}{n_{l}}}\big]
$$
which is correspoinding to the initialization function WeightInit.RELU_UNIFORM
in deeplearning4j. More details you can get from the paper: Delving Deep into Rectifiers


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