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@inproceedings{vasek2015there, author = {Marie Vasek and Tyler Moore}, title = {There's No Free Lunch, Even Using Bitcoin: Tracking the Popularity and Profits of Virtual Currency Scams}, booktitle = {Financial Cryptography and Data Security}, pages = {44--61}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Springer}, url = {http://secon.utulsa.edu/vasek/vasekfc15.pdf}, }
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@inproceedings{bonneau2016buy, author = {Joseph Bonneau}, title = {Why buy when you can rent? Bribery attacks on Bitcoin consensus}, booktitle = {BITCOIN '16: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Bitcoin and Blockchain Research}, month = {February}, year = {2016}, url = {http://fc16.ifca.ai/bitcoin/papers/Bon16b.pdf}, }
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@inproceedings{kosba2016hawk, author = {Ahmed Kosba and Andrew Miller and Elaine Shi and Zikai Wen and Charalampos Papamanthou}, title = {Hawk: The blockchain model of cryptography and privacy-preserving smart contracts}, booktitle = {Symposium on Security \& Privacy}, publisher = {IEEE}, year = {2016}, url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2015/675.pdf}, }
@inproceedings{croman2016scaling, author = {Kyle Croman and Christian Decker and Ittay Eyal and Adem Efe Gencer and Ari Juels and Ahmed Kosba and Andrew Miller and Prateek Saxena and Elaine Shi and Emin G{\"u}n}, title = {On Scaling Decentralized Blockchains}, booktitle = {3rd Workshop on Bitcoin and Blockchain Research, Financial Cryptography 16}, year = {2016}, url = {http://www.tik.ee.ethz.ch/file/74bc987e6ab4a8478c04950616612f69/main.pdf}, }
@inproceedings{bonneau2016ethiks, author = {Joseph Bonneau}, title = {EthIKS: Using Ethereum to audit a CONIKS key transparency log}, booktitle = {3rd Workshop on Bitcoin and Blockchain Research, Financial Cryptography 16}, year = {2016}, url = {http://fc16.ifca.ai/bitcoin/papers/Bon16a.pdf}, }
@inproceedings{vasek2016bitcoin, author = {Marie Vasek and Joseph Bonneau and Ryan Castellucci and Cameron Keith and Tyler Moore}, title = {The Bitcoin Brain Drain: Examining the Use and Abuse of Bitcoin Brain Wallets}, booktitle = {FC '16: Proceedings of the the 20th International Conference on Financial Cryptography}, month = {February}, year = {2016}, url = {http://www.jbonneau.com/doc/VBCKM16-FC-bitcoin_brain_wallets.pdf}, }
@inproceedings{moeser2016bitcoin, author = {Malte M{\"o}ser and Ittay Eyal and Emin G{\"u}n Sirer}, title = {Bitcoin Covenants}, booktitle = {FC '16: Proceedings of the the 20th International Conference on Financial Cryptography}, month = {February}, year = {2016}, url = {http://fc16.ifca.ai/bitcoin/papers/MES16.pdf}, }
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@inproceedings{idelberger2016evaluation, author = {Florian Idelberger and Guido Governatori and R{\'e}gis Riveret and Giovanni Sartor}, title = {Evaluation of Logic-Based Smart Contracts for Blockchain Systems}, booktitle = {International Symposium on Rules and Rule Markup Languages for the Semantic Web}, pages = {167--183}, year = {2016}, organization = {Springer}, url = {https://regisriveretdotorg.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/smart_ruleml.pdf}, }
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@inproceedings{rasmussen2016bitcoin, author = {Ilias Giechaskiel and Cas Cremers and Kasper B. Rasmussen}, title = {On Bitcoin Security in the Presence of Broken Cryptographic Primitives}, year = {2016}, booktitle = {European Symposium on Research in Computer Security ({ESORICS})}, month = {September}, url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/167.pdf}, }
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@inproceedings{abeyratne2016blockchain, author = {Saveen A. Abeyratne and Radmehr P. Monfared}, title = {Blockchain ready manufacturing supply chain using distributed ledger}, volume = {5}, number = {09}, pages = {1--10}, year = {2016}, publisher = {eSAT}, url = {http://esatjournals.net/ijret/2016v05/i09/IJRET20160509001.pdf}, }
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@inproceedings{teutsch2016cryptocurrencies, author = {Jason Teutsch and Sanjay Jain and Prateek Saxena}, title = {When cryptocurrencies mine their own business}, booktitle = {Financial Cryptography and Data Security (FC 2016)}, year = {2016}, month = {Feb}, url = {http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~prateeks/papers/38Attack.pdf}, }
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@inproceedings{bouzid2016anonymity, author = {Zohir Bouzid and Corentin Travers}, title = {Anonymity-Preserving Failure Detectors}, booktitle = {International Symposium on Distributed Computing}, pages = {173--186}, year = {2016}, organization = {Springer}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01344446/document}, }
@inproceedings{peters2016understanding, author = {Gareth W Peters and Efstathios Panayi}, title = {Understanding Modern Banking Ledgers through Blockchain Technologies: Future of Transaction Processing and Smart Contracts on the Internet of Money}, booktitle = {Banking Beyond Banks and Money}, pages = {239--278}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Springer}, url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0a84/a077ada2acb6918e7764fafcd28f667dae28.pdf}, }
@phdthesis{gupta2016non, author = {Saurabh Gupta}, title = {A Non-Consensus Based Decentralized Financial Transaction Processing Model with Support for Efficient Auditing}, year = {2016}, school = {Arizona State University}, url = {https://repository.asu.edu/attachments/172765/content/Gupta_asu_0010N_16201.pdf}, }
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@inproceedings{levy2017book, author = {Karen EC Levy}, title = {Book-Smart, Not Street-Smart: Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts and The Social Workings of Law}, booktitle = {Engaging Science, Technology, and Society}, volume = {3}, pages = {1--15}, year = {2017}, url = {http://estsjournal.org/article/download/107/61.pdf}, }
@inproceedings{ruffing2017p2p, author = {Tim Ruffing and Pedro Moreno-Sanchez and Aniket Kate}, booktitle = {NDSS'17}, title = {P2P Mixing and Unlinkable Bitcoin Transactions}, year = {2017}, url = {https://crypsys.mmci.uni-saarland.de/projects/FastDC/paper.pdf}, }
@phdthesis{stoffers2017trustworthy, author = {Martin Stoffers}, title = {Trustworthy Provenance Recording using a blockchain-like database}, year = {2017}, school = {Leipzig University}, url = {http://elib.dlr.de/111772/1/thesis.pdf}, }
@inproceedings{dorri2017blockchain, author = {Ali Dorri and Salil S Kanhere and Raja Jurdak and Praveen Gauravaram}, title = {Blockchain for IoT security and privacy: The case study of a smart home}, booktitle = {Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops), 2017 IEEE International Conference on}, pages = {618--623}, year = {2017}, organization = {IEEE}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ali_Dorri5/publication/312218574_Blockchain_for_IoT_Security_and_Privacy_The_Case_Study_of_a_Smart_Home/links/5877309508ae329d6226e96f/Blockchain-for-IoT-Security-and-Privacy-The-Case-Study-of-a-Smart-Home.pdf}, }
@inproceedings{gaetani2017blockchain, author = {Edoardo Gaetani and Leonardo Aniello and Roberto Baldoni and Federico Lombardi and Andrea Margheri and Vladimiro Sassone}, title = {Blockchain-based database to ensure data integrity in cloud computing environments}, journal = {ITA-SEC. CEUR-WS. org, To Appear}, year = {2017}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1816/paper-15.pdf}, }
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@misc{sun2014solving, author = {Felix Sun and Peitong Duan}, title = {Solving Byzantine Problems in Synchronized Systems using Bitcoin}, year = {2014}, howpublished = {\url{http://web.mit.edu/felixsun/www/projects/bitcoin.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-09-02}, url = {http://web.mit.edu/felixsun/www/projects/bitcoin.pdf}, }
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@misc{filecoin2014filecoin, author = {Filecoin community}, title = {Filecoin: A Cryptocurrency Operated File Storage Network}, organization = {filecoin.io}, year = {2014}, month = {Oct}, howpublished = {\url{http://filecoin.io/filecoin.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2014-10-14}, url = {http://filecoin.io/filecoin.pdf}, }
@misc{back2014enabling, author = {Adam Back and Matt Corallo and Luke Dashjr and Mark Friedenbach and Gregory Maxwell and Andrew Miller and Andrew Poelstra and Jorge Tim{\'o}n and Pieter Wuille}, title = {Enabling blockchain innovations with pegged sidechains}, year = {2014}, howpublished = {\url{http://newspaper23.com/ripped/2014/11/http-_____-___-_www___-blockstream___-com__-_sidechains.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-07-05}, url = {http://newspaper23.com/ripped/2014/11/http-_____-___-_www___-blockstream___-com__-_sidechains.pdf}, }
@misc{beukema2014formalising, author = {WJB Beukema}, title = {Formalising the Bitcoin protocol}, year = {2014}, howpublished = {\url{http://referaat.cs.utwente.nl/conference/21/paper/7450/formalising-the-bitcoin-protocol.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-08-01}, url = {http://referaat.cs.utwente.nl/conference/21/paper/7450/formalising-the-bitcoin-protocol.pdf}, }
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@misc{buterin2014ethereum, author = {Vitalik Buterin}, title = {Ethereum: A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform}, year = {2014}, howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-08-22}, url = {https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper}, }
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@misc{shomer2014phase, author = {Assaf Shomer}, title = {On the Phase Space of Block-Hiding Strategies in Bitcoin-like networks}, journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1402.4233}, year = {2014}, month = {Feb}, howpublished = {\url{https://arxiv.org/pdf/1402.4233v1.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-10-17}, url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1402.4233v1.pdf}, }
@misc{katz2014pseudonymous, author = {Jonathan Katz and Andrew Miller and Elaine Shi}, title = {Pseudonymous Broadcast and Secure Computation from Cryptographic Puzzles}, howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2014/857}, year = {2014}, note = {\url{http://eprint.iacr.org/2014/857}}, url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2014/857.pdf}, }
@misc{courtois2014subversive, author = {Nicolas T Courtois and Lear Bahack}, title = {On subversive miner strategies and block withholding attack in bitcoin digital currency}, howpublished = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1402.1718}, year = {2014}, note = {Accessed: 2016-07-04}, url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1402.1718.pdf}, }
@misc{courtois2014longest, author = {Nicolas T Courtois}, title = {On the longest chain rule and programmed self-destruction of crypto currencies}, howpublished = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1405.0534}, year = {2014}, note = {Accessed: 2016-07-04}, url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1405.0534.pdf}, }
@misc{miller2015topology, author = {Andrew Miller and James Litton and Andrew Pachulski and Neal Gupta and Dave Levin and Neil Spring and Bobby Bhattacharjee}, title = {Discovering bitcoin's public topology and influential nodes}, year = {2015}, month = {May}, howpublished = {\url{http://cs.umd.edu/projects/coinscope/coinscope.pdf}}, note = {Accsessed: 2016-03-09}, url = {http://cs.umd.edu/projects/coinscope/coinscope.pdf}, }
@misc{bonneau2015random, author = {Joseph Bonneau and Jeremy Clark and Steven Goldfeder}, title = {On Bitcoin as a public randomness source}, year = {2015}, howpublished = {\url{https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1015.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2015-10-25}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1015.pdf}, }
@misc{goldfeder2015threshold, author = {Steven Goldfeder and Rosario Gennaro and Harry Kalodner and Joseph Bonneau and Joshua Kroll and Edward W. Felten and Arvind Narayanan}, title = {{Securing Bitcoin wallets via a new DSA/ECDSA threshold signature scheme}}, year = {2015}, howpublished = {\url{http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~stevenag/threshold_sigs.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2015-07-13}, url = {http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~stevenag/threshold_sigs.pdf}, }
@misc{gobel2015simulation, author = {Johannes G{\"o}bel and Paul Keeler and Anthony E Krzesinski and Peter G Taylor}, title = {Bitcoin Blockchain Dynamics: the Selfish-Mine Strategy in the Presence of Propagation Delay}, journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1505.05343}, year = {2015}, howpublished = {\url{http://arxiv.org/pdf/1505.05343.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2015-03-01}, url = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/1505.05343.pdf}, }
@misc{chaudhary2015modeling, author = {Kaylash Chaudhary and Ansgar Fehnker and Jaco Pol and Marielle Stoelinga}, title = {Modeling and verification of the bitcoin protocol}, journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.04173}, year = {2015}, howpublished = {\url{http://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.04173.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-08-01}, url = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.04173.pdf}, }
@misc{mazieres2015modeling, author = {David Mazieres}, title = {The Stellar Consensus Protocol: A Federated Model for Internet-level Consensus}, year = {2015}, howpublished = {\url{https://www.stellar.org/papers/stellar-consensus-protocol.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-08-01}, url = {https://www.stellar.org/papers/stellar-consensus-protocol.pdf}, }
@misc{luu2015scp, author = {Loi Luu and Viswesh Narayanan and Kunal Baweja and Chaodong Zheng and Seth Gilbert and Prateek Saxena}, title = {SCP: a computationally-scalable Byzantine consensus protocol for blockchains}, year = {2015}, howpublished = {\url{https://www.weusecoins.com/assets/pdf/library/SCP - A Computationally-Scalable Byzantine.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-08-10}, url = {https://www.weusecoins.com/assets/pdf/library/SCP - +A Computationally-Scalable Byzantine.pdf}, }
@misc{delmolino2015step, author = {Kevin Delmolino and Mitchell Arnett and Ahmed E Kosba and Andrew Miller and Elaine Shi}, title = {Step by Step Towards Creating a Safe Smart Contract: Lessons and Insights from a Cryptocurrency Lab.}, journal = {IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive}, year = {2015}, howpublished = {\url{http://eprint.iacr.org/2015/460.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-08-10}, url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2015/460.pdf}, }
@misc{sapirshtein2015optimal, author = {Ayelet Sapirshtein and Yonatan Sompolinsky and Aviv Zohar}, title = {Optimal selfish mining strategies in Bitcoin}, journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1507.06183}, year = {2015}, howpublished = {\url{http://arxiv.org/pdf/1507.06183.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-08-22}, url = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/1507.06183.pdf}, }
@misc{kiayias2015speed, author = {Aggelos Kiayias and Giorgos Panagiotakos}, title = {Speed-Security Tradeoff s in Blockchain Protocols}, year = {2015}, month = {Oct}, howpublished = {\url{https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1019.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-10-17}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1019.pdf}, }
@misc{andrychowicz2015multiparty, author = {Marcin Andrychowicz}, title = {Multiparty Computation Protocols Based on Cryptocurrencies}, year = {2015}, howpublished = {\url{https://depotuw.ceon.pl/bitstream/handle/item/1327/dis.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-15}, url = {https://depotuw.ceon.pl/bitstream/handle/item/1327/dis.pdf}, }
@misc{mazieres2015stellar, author = {David Mazieres}, title = {The stellar consensus protocol: A federated model for internet-level consensus}, year = {2015}, howpublished = {\url{http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=<IP_ADDRESS>6.93&=&rep=rep1&=&type=pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-20}, url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=<IP_ADDRESS>6.93&=&rep=rep1&=&type=pdf}, }
@misc{park2015spacemint, author = {Sunoo Park and Krzysztof Pietrzak and Albert Kwon and Jo{\"e}l Alwen and Georg Fuchsbauer and Peter Ga{\v z}i}, title = {SpaceMint: A Cryptocurrency Based on Proofs of Space}, howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2015/528}, year = {2015}, note = {Accessed: 2017-06-29}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/528.pdf}, }
@misc{zyskind2015enigma, author = {Guy Zyskind and Oz Nathan and Alex Pentland}, title = {Enigma: Decentralized computation platform with guaranteed privacy}, howpublished = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1506.03471}, year = {2015}, note = {Accessed: 2017-08-22}, url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1506.03471.pdf}, }
@misc{swanson2015consensus, author = {Tim Swanson}, title = {Consensus-as-a-service: a brief report on the emergence of permissioned, distributed ledger systems}, howpublished = {\url{http://www.ofnumbers.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Permissioned-distributed-ledgers.pdf}}, year = {2015}, month = {Apr}, note = {Accessed: 2017-10-03}, url = {http://www.ofnumbers.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Permissioned-distributed-ledgers.pdf}, }
@misc{ali2016blockstack, author = {Muneeb Ali and Jude Nelson and Ryan Shea and Michael J Freedman}, title = {Blockstack: Design and Implementation of a Global Naming System with Blockchains}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{http://www.the-blockchain.com/docs/Blockstack Design and Implementation of a Global Naming System.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-03-29}, url = {http://www.the-blockchain.com/docs/Blockstack Design and Implementation of a Global Naming System.pdf}, }
@misc{narayanan2016bitcoin, author = {{Narayanan, Arvind and Bonneau, Joseph and Felten, Edward and Miller, Andrew and Goldfeder, Steven}}, title = {Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies}, year = {2016}, booktitle = {Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies}, howpublished = {\url{https://d28rh4a8wq0iu5.cloudfront.net/bitcointech/readings/princeton_bitcoin_book.pdf?a=1}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-03-29}, url = {https://d28rh4a8wq0iu5.cloudfront.net/bitcointech/readings/princeton_bitcoin_book.pdf?a=1}, }
@misc{judmayer2016c4, author = {Aljosha Judmayer and Edgar Weippl}, title = {Cryptographic Currencies Crash Course (C4)}, journal = {Tutorial at WWW2016}, year = {2016}, month = {Apr}, howpublished = {\url{http://www2016.net/proceedings/companion/p1021.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-06-06}, url = {http://www2016.net/proceedings/companion/p1021.pdf}, }
@misc{bentov2016bitcoin, author = {Iddo Bentov and Ariel Gabizon and David Zuckerman}, title = {Bitcoin Beacon}, journal = {arXiv prepring arXiv:1605.04559}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.04559v2}, note = {Accessed: 2016-06-06}, url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.04559v2}, }
@misc{sompolinsky2016bitcoin, author = {Yonatan Sompolinsky and Aviv Zohar}, title = {Bitcoin's Security Model Revisited}, journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.09193}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{http://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.09193}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-07-04}, url = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.09193}, }
@misc{anderson2016new, author = {Luke Anderson and Ralph Holz and Alexander Ponomarev and Paul Rimba and Ingo Weber}, title = {New kids on the block: an analysis of modern blockchains}, journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.06530}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{http://arxiv.org/pdf/1606.06530.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-07-04}, url = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/1606.06530.pdf}, }
@misc{poon2016bitcoin, author = {Joseph Poon and Thaddeus Dryja}, title = {The bitcoin lightning network}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{https://lightning.network/lightning-network-paper.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-07-07}, url = {https://lightning.network/lightning-network-paper.pdf}, }
@misc{pass2016analysis, author = {Rafael Pass and Lior Seeman and abhi shelat}, title = {Analysis of the Blockchain Protocol in Asynchronous Networks}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/454.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-08-01}, url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/454.pdf}, }
@misc{pass2016hybrid, author = {Rafael Pass and Elaine Shi}, title = {Hybrid Consensus: Scalable Permissionless Consensus}, year = {2016}, month = {Sep}, howpublished = {\url{https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/917.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-10-17}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/917.pdf}, }
@misc{nelson2016extending, author = {Jude Nelson and Muneeb Ali and Ryan Shea and Michael J Freedman}, title = {Extending Existing Blockchains with Virtualchain}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{https://www.zurich.ibm.com/dccl/papers/nelson_dccl.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-08-01}, url = {https://www.zurich.ibm.com/dccl/papers/nelson_dccl.pdf}, }
@misc{cachin2016architecture, author = {Christian Cachin}, title = {Architecture of the Hyperledger Blockchain Fabric}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{https://www.zurich.ibm.com/dccl/papers/cachin_dccl.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-08-10}, url = {https://www.zurich.ibm.com/dccl/papers/cachin_dccl.pdf}, }
@misc{vukolic2016eventually, author = {Marko Vukolic}, title = {Eventually Returning to Strong Consistency}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a6a1/b70305b27c556aac779fb65429db9c2e1ef2.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-08-10}, url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a6a1/b70305b27c556aac779fb65429db9c2e1ef2.pdf}, }
@misc{gervais2016security, author = {Arthur Gervais and Ghassan O Karame and Karl W{\"u}st and Vasileios Glykantzis and Hubert Ritzdorf and Srdjan Capkun}, title = {On the Security and Performance of Proof of Work Blockchains}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/555.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-08-10}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/555.pdf}, }
@misc{gramoli2016danger, author = {Vincent Gramoli}, title = {On the Danger of Private Blockchains}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{https://www.zurich.ibm.com/dccl/papers/gramoli_dccl.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-08-10}, url = {https://www.zurich.ibm.com/dccl/papers/gramoli_dccl.pdf}, }
@misc{bhargavan2016short, author = {Karthikeyan Bhargavan and Antoine Delignat-Lavaud and C{\'e}dric Fournet and Anitha Gollamudi and Georges Gonthier and Nadim Kobeissi and Aseem Rastogi and Thomas Sibut-Pinote and Nikhil Swamy and Santiago Zanella-B{\'e}guelin}, title = {Short Paper: Formal Verification of Smart Contracts}, year = {2016}, month = {Aug}, howpublished = {\url{https://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/nswamy/papers/solidether.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-08-10}, url = {https://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/nswamy/papers/solidether.pdf}, }
@misc{pettersson2016safer, author = {Jack Pettersson and Robert Edstr{\"o}m}, title = {Safer smart contracts through type-driven development}, school = {Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg}, year = {2016}, address = {Gothenburg, Sweden}, howpublished = {\url{https://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/234939/234939.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-08-10}, url = {https://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/234939/234939.pdf}, }
@misc{blocki2016designing, author = {Jeremiah Blocki and Hong-Sheng Zhou}, title = {Designing Proof of Human-work Puzzles for Cryptocurrency and Beyond}, publisher = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/145}, year = {2016}, month = {Aug}, howpublished = {\url{https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/145.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-10-17}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/145.pdf}, }
@misc{cachin2016non, author = {Christian Cachin and Simon Schubert and Marko Vukolic}, title = {Non-determinism in Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Replication}, year = {2016}, month = {Mar}, howpublished = {\url{http://www.zurich.ibm.com/~cca/papers/sieve.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-11-08}, url = {http://www.zurich.ibm.com/~cca/papers/sieve.pdf}, }
@misc{abraham2016bvp, author = {Ittai Abraham and Dahlia Malkhi}, title = {BVP: Byzantine Vertical Paxos}, year = {2016}, month = {May}, howpublished = {\url{https://www.zurich.ibm.com/dccl/papers/abraham_dccl.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-11-08}, url = {https://www.zurich.ibm.com/dccl/papers/abraham_dccl.pdf}, }
@misc{wust2016security, author = {Karl W{\"u}st}, title = {Security of Blockchain Technologies}, publisher = {Master's Thesis - Department of Computer Science, ETH Z{\"u}rich}, year = {2016}, month = {Jul}, howpublished = {\url{http://e-collection.library.ethz.ch/eserv/eth:49632/eth-49632-01.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-11-08}, url = {http://e-collection.library.ethz.ch/eserv/eth:49632/eth-49632-01.pdf}, }
@phdthesis{miller2016provable, author = {Andrew Miller}, title = {Provable Security for Cryptocurrencies}, year = {2016}, school = {University of Maryland, College Park}, howpublished = {\url{http://www.cs.umd.edu/~jkatz/THESES/amiller-thesis.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-11-08}, url = {http://www.cs.umd.edu/~jkatz/THESES/amiller-thesis.pdf}, }
@misc{pass2016fruitchains, author = {Rafael Pass and Elaine Shi}, title = {Fruitchains: A fair blockchain}, publisher = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/916}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/916.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-11-08}, url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/916.pdf}, }
@misc{bentov2016sleepy, author = {Iddo Bentov and Rafael Pass and Elaine Shi}, title = {The sleepy model of consensus}, publisher = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/918}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/918.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-11-08}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/918.pdf}, }
@misc{bentov2016snow, author = {Iddo Bentov and Rafael Pass and Elaine Shi}, title = {Snow White: Provably Secure Proofs of Stake}, publisher = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/919}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/919.pdf}, note = {Accessed: 2016-11-08}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/919.pdf}, }
@misc{garay2016bootstrapping, author = {Juan A. Garay and Aggelos Kiayias and Nikos Leonardos and Giorgos Panagiotakos}, title = {Bootstrapping the Blockchain --- Directly}, publisher = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/991}, year = {2016}, month = {Oct}, howpublished = {\url{http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/991}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-11-08}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/991.pdf}, }
@misc{atzei2016survey, author = {Nicola Atzei and Massimo Bartoletti and Tiziana Cimoli}, title = {A survey of attacks on Ethereum smart contracts}, publisher = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/1007}, year = {2016}, month = {Oct}, howpublished = {\url{http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/1007}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-11-08}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/1007.pdf}, }
@misc{kiayias2016provably, author = {Aggelos Kiayias and Ioannis Konstantinou and Alexander Russell and Bernardo David and Roman Oliynykov}, title = {A Provably Secure Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Protocol}, publisher = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/889}, month = {Sep}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/889}}, note = {Accessed: 2016-11-09}, url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/889.pdf}, }
@misc{miller2016honey, author = {Andrew Miller and Yu Xia and Kyle Croman and Elaine Shi and Dawn Song}, title = {The honey badger of BFT protocols}, publisher = {Cryptology ePrint Archive: Report 2016/199}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/199.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2017-01-10}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/199.pdf}, }
@misc{clack2016smart, author = {Christopher D. Clack and Vikram A. Bakshi and Lee Braine}, title = {Smart Contract Templates: foundations, design landscape and research directions}, journal = {CoRR}, volume = {abs/1608.00771}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{https://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.00771v2.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2017-01-10}, url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.00771v2.pdf}, }
@misc{lajoie2016increasing, author = {Thibaut Lajoie-Mazenc}, title = {Increasing the robustness of the Bitcoincrypto-system in presence of undesirable behaviours}, publisher = {Master's Thesis sumbmitted at KTH CSC}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{http://www.nada.kth.se/~ann/exjobb/thibaut_lajoie-mazenc.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2017-01-19}, url = {http://www.nada.kth.se/~ann/exjobb/thibaut_lajoie-mazenc.pdf}, }
@misc{baars2016towards, author = {Djuri Baars}, title = {Towards Self-Sovereign Identity using Blockchain Technology}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Master's Thesis at University of Twente}, howpublished = {\url{http://essay.utwente.nl/71274/1/Baars_MA_BMS.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2017-01-19}, url = {http://essay.utwente.nl/71274/1/Baars_MA_BMS.pdf}, }
@misc{abraham2016solidus, author = {Ittai Abraham and Dahlia Malkhi and Kartik Nayak and Ling Ren and Alexander Spiegelman}, title = {Solidus: An Incentive-compatible Cryptocurrency Based on Permissionless Byzantine Consensus}, journal = {CoRR}, volume = {abs/1612.02916}, year = {2016}, month = {Dec}, howpublished = {\url{https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.02916}}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-06}, url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.02916.pdf}, }
@misc{buchman2016tendermint, author = {Ethan Buchman}, title = {Tendermint: Byzantine Fault Tolerance in the Age of Blockchains}, publisher = {Master's Thesis at University of Guelph, Ontario}, year = {2016}, month = {Jun}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-06}, howpublished = {\url{http://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10214/9769/Buchman_Ethan_201606_MAsc.pdf}}, url = {http://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10214/9769/Buchman_Ethan_201606_MAsc.pdf}, }
@misc{duong2016hop, author = {Tuyet Duong and Lei Fan and Hong-Sheng Zhou}, title = {2-hop Blockchain: Combining Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake Securely}, howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/716}, year = {2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-06}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/716.pdf}, }
@misc{garay2016bitcoin, author = {Juan A. Garay and Aggelos Kiayias and Nikos Leonardos}, title = {The Bitcoin Backbone Protocol with Chains of Variable Difficulty}, journal = {{IACR} Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/1048}, year = {2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-06}, howpublished = {\url{http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/1048.pdf}}, url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/1048.pdf}, }
@misc{kiayias2016trees, author = {Aggelos Kiayias and Giorgos Panagiotakos}, title = {On Trees, Chains and Fast Transactions in the Blockchain.}, journal = {IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/545}, year = {2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-06}, howpublished = {\url{http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/545.pdf}}, url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/545.pdf}, }
@misc{jarecki2016highly, author = {Stanislaw Jarecki and Aggelos Kiayias and Hugo Krawczyk and Jiayu Xu}, title = {Highly-Efficient and Composable Password-Protected Secret Sharing (Or: How to Protect Your Bitcoin Wallet Online)}, journal = {IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/144}, year = {2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-06}, howpublished = {\url{http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/144.pdf}}, url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/144.pdf}, }
@misc{gencer2016service, author = {Adem Efe Gencer and Robbert Renesse and Emin G{\"u}n Sirer}, title = {Service-Oriented Sharding with Aspen}, journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.06816}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{http://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.06816.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-06}, url = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.06816.pdf}, }
@misc{kiayias2016blockchain, author = {Aggelos Kiayias and Elias Koutsoupias and Maria Kyropoulou and Yiannis Tselekounis}, title = {Blockchain Mining Games}, journal = {CoRR}, volume = {abs/1607.02420}, year = {2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-07}, howpublished = {\url{http://arxiv.org/abs/1607.02420}}, url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.02420.pdf}, }
@misc{micali2016algorand, author = {Silvio Micali}, title = {ALGORAND: The Efficient and Democratic Ledger}, journal = {CoRR}, volume = {abs/1607.01341}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1607.01341}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-09}, url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.01341.pdf}, }
@misc{miller2016zero, author = {Andrew Miller and Iddo Bentov}, title = {Zero-Collateral Lotteries in Bitcoin and Ethereum}, journal = {CoRR}, volume = {abs/1612.05390}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1612.05390}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-13}, url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.05390}, }
@misc{natoli2016balance, author = {Christopher Natoli and Vincent Gramoli}, title = {The Balance Attack Against Proof-Of-Work Blockchains: The {R3} Testbed as an Example}, journal = {CoRR}, volume = {abs/1612.09426}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1612.09426}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-15}, url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.09426}, }
@misc{jain2016verify, author = {Sanjay Jain and Prateek Saxena and Frank Stephan and Jason Teutsch}, title = {How to verify computation with a rational network}, journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.05917}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.05917}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-15}, url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1606.05917}, }
@misc{duong2016securing, author = {Tuyet Duong and Lei Fan and Thomas Veale and Hong-Sheng Zhou}, title = {Securing Bitcoin-like Backbone Protocols against a Malicious Majority of Computing Power}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/716}}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-15}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/eprint-bin/getfile.pl?entry=2016/716&version=20160721:174624&file=716.pdf}, }
@misc{kiayias2016ouroboros, author = {Aggelos Kiayias and Alexander Russell and Bernardo David and Roman Oliynykov}, title = {Ouroboros: A Provably Secure Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Protocol}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1c14/549f7ba7d6a000d79a7d12255eb11113e6fa.pdf}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-20}, url = {https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1c14/549f7ba7d6a000d79a7d12255eb11113e6fa.pdf}, }
@misc{sompolinsky2016spectre, author = {Yonatan Sompolinsky and Yoad Lewenberg and Aviv Zohar}, title = {SPECTRE: A Fast and Scalable Cryptocurrency Protocol}, howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/1159}, year = {2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-20}, url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/1159.pdf}, }
@misc{camacho2016decor, author = {Philippe Camacho and Sergio Demian Lerner}, title = {DECOR+ LAMI: A Scalable Blockchain Protocol}, year = {2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-20}, howpublished = {https://scalingbitcoin.org/papers/DECOR-LAMI.pdf}, url = {https://scalingbitcoin.org/papers/DECOR-LAMI.pdf}, }
@misc{boyen2016blockchain, author = {Xavier Boyen and Christopher Carr and Thomas Haines}, title = {Blockchain-Free Cryptocurrencies. A Rational Framework for Truly Decentralised Fast Transactions}, howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/871}, year = {2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-20}, url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/871.pdf}, }
@misc{mccorry2016removing, author = {Patrick McCorry and Ehsan Toreini and Maryam Mehrnezhad}, title = {Removing Trusted Tallying Authorities}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Newcastle University}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-20}, howpublished = {\url{https://internal.ncl.ac.uk/computing/annex/research/techreports/pdfs/1502.pdf}}, url = {https://internal.ncl.ac.uk/computing/annex/research/techreports/pdfs/1502.pdf}, }
@misc{reyzin2016improving, author = {Leonid Reyzin and Dmitry Meshkov and Alexander Chepurnoy and Sasha Ivanov}, title = {Improving Authenticated Dynamic Dictionaries, with Applications to Cryptocurrencies}, howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/994}, year = {2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-27}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/994.pdf}, }
@misc{seijas2016scripting, author = {Pablo Lamela Seijas and Simon Thompson and Darryl McAdams}, title = {Scripting smart contracts for distributed ledger technology}, journal = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/1156}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/1156}}, note = {Accessed: 2017-03-03}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/1156.pdf}, }
@misc{bartoletti2016constant, author = {Massimo Bartoletti and Roberto Zunino}, title = {Constant-deposit multiparty lotteries on Bitcoin}, howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/955}, year = {2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-03-09}, url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/955}, }
@misc{lind2016teechan, author = {Joshua Lind and Ittay Eyal and Peter R. Pietzuch and Emin G{\"{u}}n Sirer}, title = {Teechan: Payment Channels Using Trusted Execution Environments}, journal = {CoRR}, volume = {abs/1612.07766}, year = {2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-03-09}, howpublished = {\url{https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.07766}}, url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.07766.pdf}, }
@misc{norta2016designing, author = {Alex Norta}, title = {Designing a Smart-Contract Application Layer for Transacting Decentralized Autonomous Organizations}, year = {2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-03-16}, howpublished = {\url{https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alex_Norta/publication/308986556_Designing_a_Smart-Contract_Application_Layer_for_Transacting_Decentralized_Autonomous_Organizations/links/57fcddf608aeb857afa0943d/Designing-a-Smart-Contract-Application-Layer-for-Transacting-Decentralized-Autonomous-Organizations.pdf}}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alex_Norta/publication/308986556_Designing_a_Smart-Contract_Application_Layer_for_Transacting_Decentralized_Autonomous_Organizations/links/57fcddf608aeb857afa0943d/Designing-a-Smart-Contract-Application-Layer-for-Transacting-Decentralized-Autonomous-Organizations.pdf}, }
@misc{ateniese2016redactable, author = {Giuseppe Ateniese and Bernardo Magri and Daniele Venturi and Ewerton Andrade}, title = {Redactable Blockchain--or--Rewriting History in Bitcoin and Friends}, year = {2016}, institution = {IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive}, howpublished = {\url{http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/757.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2017-03-23}, url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/757.pdf}, }
@misc{apostolaki2016, author = {Maria Apostolaki and Aviv Zohar and Laurent Vanbever}, title = {Hijacking Bitcoin: Large-scale Network Attacks on Cryptocurrencies}, journal = {CoRR}, volume = {abs/1605.07524}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{https://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.07524.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2017-03-28}, url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.07524.pdf}, }
@misc{ozisik2016secure, author = {A Pinar Ozisik and Gavin Andresen and George Bissias and Amir Houmansadr and Brian N Levine}, title = {A Secure, Efficient, and Transparent Network Architecture for Bitcoin}, year = {2016}, institution = {UMass Amherst, Tech. Rep. UM-CS-2016-006, 2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-04-24}, url = {https://people.cs.umass.edu/~gbiss/bitcoin_architecture.pdf}, }
@misc{reijers2016governance, author = {Wessel Reijers and Fiachra O'Brolch{\'a}in and Paul Haynes}, title = {Governance in Blockchain Technologies \& Social Contract Theories}, journal = {Ledger}, volume = {1}, pages = {134--151}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{http://ledger.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/ledger/article/view/62}}, note = {Accessed: 2017-05-09}, url = {http://ledger.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/ledger/article/download/62/51}, }
@misc{noyes2016bitav, author = {Charles Noyes}, title = {BitAV: Fast Anti-Malware by Distributed Blockchain Consensus and Feedforward Scanning}, journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1601.01405}, year = {2016}, howpublished = {\url{https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.01405}}, note = {Accessed: 2017-05-09}, url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1601.01405.pdf}, }
@misc{vitalik2016chain, author = {Vitalik Buterin}, title = {Chain Interoperability}, year = {2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-03-25}, howpublished = {\url{https://static1.squarespace.com/static/55f73743e4b051cfcc0b02cf/t/5886800ecd0f68de303349b1/1485209617040/Chain+Interoperability.pdfi}}, url = {https://static1.squarespace.com/static/55f73743e4b051cfcc0b02cf/t/5886800ecd0f68de303349b1/1485209617040/Chain+Interoperability.pdf}, }
@misc{malavolta2016silentwhispers, author = {Giulio Malavolta and Pedro Moreno-Sanchez and Aniket Kate and Matteo Maffei}, title = {SilentWhispers: Enforcing Security and Privacy in Decentralized Credit Networks}, howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/1054}, year = {2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-06-29}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/1054.pdf}, }
@misc{green2016bolt, author = {Matthew Green and Ian Miers}, title = {Bolt: Anonymous Payment Channels for Decentralized Currencies}, howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/701}, year = {2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-08-07}, url = {http://eprint.iacr.org/2016/701}, }
@misc{siamak2016, author = {Siamak Solat and Maria Potop-Butucaru}, Title = {ZeroBlock: Timestamp-Free Prevention of Block-Withholding Attack in Bitcoin}, Year = {2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-08-03}, howpublished = {\url{https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.02435}}, url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.02435.pdf}, }
@misc{heilman2016tumblebit, author = {Ethan Heilman and Leen Alshenibr and Foteini Baldimtsi and Alessandra Scafuro and Sharon Goldberg}, title = {TumbleBit: An untrusted Bitcoin-compatible anonymous payment hub}, journal = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/575, Tech. Rep.}, year = {2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-09-29}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/575.pdf}, }
@misc{heilman2016blindly, author = {Ethan Heilman and Foteini Baldimtsi and Sharon Goldberg}, title = {Blindly Signed Contracts: Anonymous On-Blockchain and Off-Blockchain Bitcoin Transactions}, howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/056}, year = {2016}, note = {Accessed: 2017-10-03}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/056.pdf}, }
@article{egbertsen2016replacing, author = {Wesley Egbertsen and Gerdinand Hardeman and Maarten Hoven and Gert Kolk and Arthur Rijsewijk}, title = {Replacing Paper Contracts With Ethereum Smart Contracts}, year = {2016}, url = {https://wesleyegbertsen.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/replacing-paper-contracts.pdf}, note = {Accessed: 2017-10-24}, }
@misc{liao2017incentivizing, author = {Kevin Liao and Jonathan Katz}, title = {Incentivizing Double-spend Collusion in Bitcoin}, year = {2017}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-06}, howpublished = {\url{https://www.cs.umd.edu/~gasarch/reupapers/katzbitcoin16.pdf}}, url = {https://www.cs.umd.edu/~gasarch/reupapers/katzbitcoin16.pdf}, }
@misc{bentov2017instantaneous, author = {Iddo Bentov and Ranjit Kumaresan and Andrew Miller}, title = {Instantaneous Decentralized Poker}, journal = {CoRR}, volume = {abs/1701.06726}, year = {2017}, howpublished = {\url{http://arxiv.org/abs/1701.06726.pdf}}, note = {Accessed: 2017-02-16}, url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1701.06726.pdf}, }
@misc{velner2017smart, author = {Yaron Velner and Jason Teutsch and Loi Luu}, title = {Smart Contracts Make Bitcoin Mining Pools Vulnerable}, howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2017/230}, year = {2017}, note = {Accessed: 2017-03-09}, url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/230.pdf}, }