| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| org.drip.analytics.support |
Assorted Support and Helper Utilities
|
| org.drip.dynamics.hjm |
HJM Based Latent State Evolution
|
| org.drip.dynamics.hullwhite |
Hull White Latent State Evolution
|
| org.drip.dynamics.lmm |
LMM Based Latent State Evolution
|
| org.drip.execution.athl |
Almgren-Thum-Hauptmann-Li Calibration
|
| org.drip.execution.dynamics |
Arithmetic Price Evolution Execution Parameters
|
| org.drip.execution.impact |
Market Impact Transaction Function Implementation
|
| org.drip.execution.optimum |
Almgren-Chriss Efficient Trading Trajectories
|
| org.drip.execution.parameters |
Empirical Market Impact Coefficients Calibration
|
| org.drip.execution.principal |
Information Ratio Based Principal Trades
|
| org.drip.execution.strategy |
Discrete/Continuous Trading Trajectory Schedule
|
| org.drip.execution.tradingtime |
Coordinated Variation Trading Time Models
|
| org.drip.exposure.regression |
Regression Based Path Exposure Generation
|
| org.drip.function.definition |
Function Execution Ancillary Support Objects
|
| org.drip.function.r1tor1 |
Built-in R^1 To R^1 Functions
|
| org.drip.function.r1tor1solver |
Built-in R^1 To R^1 Solvers
|
| org.drip.function.rdtor1 |
Built-in R^d To R^1 Functions
|
| org.drip.function.rdtor1descent |
R^d To R^1 Gradient Descent Techniques
|
| org.drip.function.rdtor1solver |
Built-in R^d To R^1 Solvers
|
| org.drip.learning.bound |
Covering Numbers, Concentration, Lipschitz Bounds
|
| org.drip.learning.kernel |
Statistical Learning Banach Mercer Kernels
|
| org.drip.learning.regularization |
Statistical Learning Empircal Loss Regularizer
|
| org.drip.learning.rxtor1 |
Statistical Learning Empirical Loss Penalizer
|
| org.drip.learning.svm |
Kernal SVM Decision Function Operator
|
| org.drip.measure.continuous |
R^1 R^d Continuous Random Measure
|
| org.drip.optimization.constrained |
KKT Fritz-John Constrained Optimizer
|
| org.drip.param.market |
Curves Surfaces Quotes Fixings Container
|
| org.drip.portfolioconstruction.allocator |
MVO Based Portfolio Allocation Construction
|
| org.drip.portfolioconstruction.bayesian |
Black Litterman Bayesian Portfolio Construction
|
| org.drip.portfolioconstruction.constraint |
Portfolio Construction Constraint Term Suite
|
| org.drip.portfolioconstruction.objective |
Portfolio Construction Objective Term Suite
|
| org.drip.portfolioconstruction.optimizer |
Core Portfolio Construction Optimizer Suite
|
| org.drip.pricer.option |
Deterministic/Stochastic Volatility Settings/Greeks
|
| org.drip.product.option |
Options on Fixed Income Components
|
| org.drip.quant.calculus |
R^1 To R^1 Numerical Integration Differentiation
|
| org.drip.sequence.custom |
Glivenko Cantelli Supremum Deviation Bounds
|
| org.drip.sequence.functional |
Efron Stein Functional Supremum Bounds
|
| org.drip.sequence.metrics |
Sequence Bounds Agnostic Metrics Estimators
|
| org.drip.spaces.cover |
Vector Spaces Covering Number Estimator
|
| org.drip.spaces.functionclass |
Normed Finite Spaces Function Class
|
| org.drip.spaces.metric |
Hilbert/Banach Normed Metric Spaces
|
| org.drip.spaces.rxtor1 |
R^x To R^1 Normed Function Spaces
|
| org.drip.spaces.rxtord |
R^x To R^d Normed Function Spaces
|
| org.drip.spline.basis |
Basis Spline Construction/Customization Parameters
|
| org.drip.spline.bspline |
de Boor Rational/Exponential/Tension B-Splines
|
| org.drip.spline.params |
Spline Segment Construction Control Parameters
|
| org.drip.spline.pchip |
Akima Monotone Convex PCHIP Splines
|
| org.drip.spline.stretch |
Multi-Segment Sequence Spline Stretch
|
| org.drip.spline.tension |
Koch Lyche Kvasov Tension Splines
|
| org.drip.state.curve |
Basis Spline Based Latent States
|
| org.drip.state.estimator |
Multi-Pass Customized Stretch Curve
|
| org.drip.xva.derivative |
Burgard Kjaer Dynamic Portfolio Replication
|
| org.drip.xva.proto |
Collateral, Counter Party, Netting Groups
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| SizedVector
SizedVector holds the R^d Unit Direction Vector along with its Magnitude.
|
| UnitVector
UnitVector implements the Normalized R^d Unit Vector.
|
| VariateOutputPair
VariateOutputPair records the Multidimensional Variate and its corresponding Objective Function Value.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| UnitVector
UnitVector implements the Normalized R^d Unit Vector.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| SizedVector
SizedVector holds the R^d Unit Direction Vector along with its Magnitude.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| RdToR1
RdToR1 provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^1 objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToRd
R1ToRd provides the evaluation of the R^1 To R^d Objective Function and its derivatives for a specified
variate.
|
| RdToRd
RdToRd provides the evaluation of the R^d To R^d objective function and its derivatives for a specified
set of R^d variates.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| R1ToR1
R1ToR1 provides the evaluation of the objective function and its derivatives for a specified variate.
|


To understand essentially HOW the numbers came to be, especially when it comes to paying and receiving interest, one must understand the math behind it.
Now I am aware math is not everyone’s strength, so this section will be a simple overview and some basic practice. Practice makes perfect, so please bear with me.
For our purposes, let’s focus on the two most common types of interest—simple and compound interest. Interest is the money paid or received at a rate and duration because of money borrowed/ borrowing.
Money that is lent can be used for other purposes, such as being spent now, instead of being lent out. Because of this, most people who lend money request extra money, to compensate for this opportunity that is lost. Think of it as: “If I lend to you now, I could spend it instead—why should I lend to you?”
Simple Interest is the interest based on the principal amount (the original amount of the loan) only. The formula for Simple Interest is Principal x Annual Rate x Time in Years*. The time in years is important—if the duration is in months, you will need to divide the number of months by 12 to determine the fraction of the year. For example, 6 months would represent half a year (6 months / 12 months = 50% or half). Similarly, 10 months would be 10/12 = roughly 0.833 of a year.
Let’s assume Mary lends her friend Warren $1000, at an annual interest rate of 10% for 7 years. This is under simple interest. Using the formula:
Simple Interest= Principal x Annual Rate x Time in Years 10% = 0.10, time in years=
7 and principal is 1000 SI= 1000 x 0.10 x 7 SI = $700
We see that Warren must pay back $700 in interest, IN ADDITION to the $1000 that Mary let her friend. (Do not forget to add back the principal amount to figure out how much is
owed in total—the formula only gives you the “Extra stuff” of compensation, the interest, but not the total)
Mr. Lemon’s Bank charges 15% interest per year on overdue accounts.
Mr. Orange has a bill of $94.00 that went overdue by one month. Under simple interest, how much does Mr. Orange owe the Bank of Mr. Lemon? Again, refer to the formula:
Simple Interest= Principal x Annual Rate x Time in Years N= 1 month (again, please remember to convert: 1/ 12 = roughly 0.083)
Interest rate of 15%= 0.15 (15/100) Principal = $94 SI= 94 x 0.15 x 0.083 SI = $1.175
Rounded would be roughly $1.18. Would this be the final answer? Do you notice the problem here? The question is asking for how much is owed in total. We must add $1.18 with the principal= 1.18+94 = $95.18
We see that Mr. Orange owes $95.18 to Mr. Lemon’s Bank.
Compound Interest is the most common form of interest you will find. Why is that? Because any person that uses compound interest will get more interest back… or pay more interest if they loaned any money! Compound interest calculates the interest based
on the principal AND the interest earned.
In simple interest, the interest rate would only be applied to the original amount. This means now, under compound interest, there will be MORE because it is applying the rate to
an amount GREATER than the original.
Think of it this way: Let’s say you accidentally ruined your favorite shirt with a big ketchup stain.  By not cleaning it
sooner, the shirt gets worse significantly over time—it begins to smell, and bugs infest your closet. This is compound interest—over time, you end up owing more money/ earning more money because the interest stacks on top of the original amount
AND the interest over time.
The formula for Compound Interest is slightly more complicated. Just breeze, okay?
I’m gonna show it right now… 1…2..3….
FV=PV [(1+r/n)^(n x t)]
OKAY CALM DOWN. Let’s look into it.
FV refers to
the future value, that is, how much this loan would be worth in the future. R refers to the annual interest rate, while n means the number of years the loan lasts. Finally, t is term your money is “tied” up in—basically how many times the interest
will be “Stacked” upon. Naturally, PV means present value, how much the loan is worth now. In most cases PV would equal the principal.
Let’s get a basic example. You invest $12,000 at 4% compounded yearly for 5 years. How much will you get back after 5 years? Using the not-so-scary formula…
FV=PV [(1+r/n)^(n x t)]
We know for sure the PV, which is $12,000. The interest rate, r, is 0.04. The n, number of years, is 5. And finally, compounded yearly means it is compounded once a year, which means t=1.
FV=12000 [(1+0.04/5)^(5 x 1)] **remember to watch for order of operations
FV= 12000[ (1+0.008)^5]
FV= 12000(1.040645)
FV= roughly $12487.74
We see that with this investment, one could receive $12,487.74
Now that you have finished the section on credit here are some questions. You will have 3 attempts for the question. Don't worry if you mess up. You will be brought back to the begining of the section. So you can brush up on what you missed and then you can try again!
1. Jonathan decides to lend to his friend Michael $4000 at 10% for 5 years, but Jonathan is unsure about whether to charge him simple or compound interest. If Jonathan wants the most amount of money back, what would you recommend he do?
2. Michael’s friend Kevin feels bad for him, and promises to lend him $10,000 at an interest rate of 20% for 3 years. Disgusted by Kevin’s interest rate, Michael’s friend Shanu offers a $10,000 loan at an interest rate of 13% for 5 years. Which offer would be best for Michael? (Hint: he wants to pay back the least amount of interest!) Assume Simple Interest!
3. Kevin and Shanu realized they’re being ripped off by using simple interest. Instead, they decide to use compound interest on their offers to Michael. Kevin decides to lend $10,000 at an interest rate of 15% for 3 years, compounded monthly, while Shanu offers a $10,000 loan at a rate of 20% for 5 years, compounded quarterly. Calculate the Future Value for both offers:
4. Michael decides to buy a new gaming laptop. He can either pay $3000 now or he can pay $500 down and borrow the rest, at a 10% rate for 3 years, compounded quarterly. Assuming Compound Interest, what is the total cost of credit?


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WITNESS LIST Business & Commerce Committee (Subcommittee on Subcommittee on Interim Charge #4) March 14, 2002 -10:00A Lending Practices & Access to Capit ON: Abbott, Ronald (Peoples National Bank), Paris, TX Allen, DeVera (Self), Dallas, TX Banks, Bettye Senior Vice President (Consumer Credit Counseling Center in Dallas), Dallas, TX English, Charles (Southern Dallas Development Corp. & Texas Mezzanine Fund, Inc.), Dallas, TX Greer, Kenneth (Independent Banking Association of Texas), Mt Vernon, TX Hernandez, Michael Vice President (Fannie Mae), Dallas, TX Norrington, Eric (Ace America's Cash Express), Irving, TX Olvera, Nelda (ACORN), San Antonio, TX Pinkus, David (Small Business United of Texas), Austin, TX Riojas, Mario VP Finance (Accion Texas Inc.), San Antonio, TX Salas, Mary (Self), San Antonio, TX Schneider, Rob (Consumers Union), Austin, TX Silver, Joshua (National Community Reinvestment Coalition), Washington, DC White, Bill (Cash America International), Ft. Worth, TX Wolff, Elizabeth (ACORN), Dallas, TX


Egwene sat by the fire, staring up at the fragment of statue, but Perrin went down by the pool to be alone. Day was fading, and the night wind was already rising out of the east, ruffling the surface of the water. He took the axe from the loop on his belt and turned it over in his hands. The ashwood haft was as long as his arm, and smooth and cool to the touch. He hated it. He was ashamed of how proud he had been of the axe back in Emond’s Field. Before he knew what he might be willing to do with it.
 Elyas said behind him.
Startled, he jumped and half raised the axe before he saw who it was. “Can . . . ? Can you read my mind, too? Like the wolves?”
Elyas cocked his head to one side and eyed him quizzically. “A blind man could read your face, boy. Well, speak up. Do you hate the girl? Despise her? That’s it.  “She always does her share. I don’t despise her, I love her.” He glared at Elyas, daring him to laugh. “Not like that. I mean, she isn’t like a sister, but she and Rand . . . Blood and ashes! If the ravens caught us . . . If . . . I don’t know.”
“Yes, you do. If she had to choose her way of dying, which do you think she’d pick? One clean blow of your axe, or the way the animals we saw today died? I know which I’d take.”
“I don’t have any right to choose for her. You won’t tell her, will you? About . . . ” His hands tightened on the axe haft; the muscles in his arms corded, heavy muscles for his age, built by long hours swinging the hammer at Master Luhhan’s forge. For an instant he thought the thick wooden shaft would snap.   I couldn’t have done it, you know. When it was all pretend and maybe, I could swagger, and play as if I . . . ” He sighed, his voice fading. “It’s different, now. I don’t ever want to use it again.”
“You’ll use it.”
Perrin raised the axe to throw it in the pool, but Elyas caught his wrist.
“You’ll use it, boy, and as long as you hate using it, you will use it more wisely than most men would. Wait. If ever you don’t hate it any longer, then will be the time to throw it as far as you can and run the other way.”
Perrin hefted the axe in his hands, still tempted to leave it in the pool. Easy for him to say wait. What if I wait and then can’t throw it away?
He opened his mouth to ask Elyas, but no words came out. A sending from the wolves, so urgent that his eyes glazed over. For an instant he forgot what he had been going to say, forgot he had been going to say anything, forgot even how to speak, how to breathe. Elyas’s face sagged, too, and his eyes seemed to peer inward and far away. Then it was gone, as quickly as it had come. It had only lasted a heartbeat, but that was enough.
Perrin shook himself and filled his lungs deeply. Elyas did not pause; as soon as the veil lifted from his eyes, he sped toward the fire without any hesitation. Perrin ran wordlessly behind him.
“Douse the fire!” Elyas called hoarsely to Egwene. He gestured urgently, and he seemed to be trying to shout in a whisper. “Get it out!”
She rose to her feet, staring at him uncertainly, then stepped closer to the fire, but slowly, clearly not understanding what was happening.
Elyas pushed roughly past her and snatched up the tea kettle, cursing when it burned him.  A step behind him, Perrin arrived in time to start kicking dirt over the hissing coals as the last of the tea splashed into the fire, hissing and rising in tendrils of steam. He did not stop until the last vestige of the fire was buried.
Elyas tossed the kettle to Perrin, who immediately let it fall with a choked-off yell. Perrin blew on his hands, frowning at Elyas, but the fur-clad man was too busy giving their campsite a hasty look to pay any attention.
“No chance to hide that somebody’s been here,” Elyas said. “We’ll just have to hurry and hope. Maybe they won’t bother. Blood and ashes, but I was sure it was the ravens.”
Hurriedly Perrin tossed the saddle on Bela, propping the axe against his thigh while he bent to tighten the girth.
“What is it?” Egwene asked. Her voice shook. “Trollocs? A Fade?”
“Go east or west,” Elyas told Perrin. “Find a place to hide, and I’ll join you as soon as I can. If they see a wolf . . . ” He darted away, crouching almost as if he intended to go to all fours, and vanished into the lengthening shadows of evening.
Egwene hastily gathered her few belongings, but she still demanded an explanation from Perrin. Her voice was insistent and growing more frightened by the minute as he kept silent. He was frightened, too, but fear made them move faster. He waited until they were headed toward the setting sun. Trotting ahead of Bela and holding the axe across his chest in both hands, he told what he knew over his shoulder in snatches while hunting for a place to go to ground and wait for Elyas.
“There are a lot of men coming, on horses. They came up behind the wolves, but the men didn’t see them. They’re heading toward the pool. Probably they don’t have anything to do with us; it’s the only water for miles. But Dapple says . . . ” He glanced over his shoulder. The evening sun painted odd shadows on her face, shadows that hid her expression. What is she thinking? Is she looking at you as if she doesn’t know you anymore? Does she know you? “Dapple says they smell wrong.  The pool was lost to sight behind them. He could still pick out boulders—fragments of Artur Hawkwing’s statue—in the deepening twilight, but not to tell which was the stone where the fire had been. “We’ll stay away from them, find a place to wait for Elyas.”
“Why should they bother us?” she demanded. “We’re supposed to be safe here. It’s supposed to be safe. Light, there has to be some place safe.”
Perrin began looking harder for somewhere to hide. They could not be very far from the pool, but the twilight was thickening. Soon it would be too dark to travel. Faint light still bathed the crests. From the hollows between, where there was barely enough to see, it seemed bright by contrast. Off to the left a dark shape stood sharp against the sky, a large, flat stone slanting out of a hillside, cloaking the slope beneath in darkness.
“This way,” he said.
He trotted toward the hill, glancing over his shoulder for any sign of the men who were coming. There was nothing—yet. More than once he had to stop and wait while the others stumbled after him. Egwene was crouched over Bela’s neck, and the mare was picking her way carefully over the uneven ground. Perrin thought they both must be more tired than he had believed. This had better be a good hiding place. I don’t think we can hunt for another.
At the base of the hill he studied the massive, flat rock outlined against the sky, jutting out the slope almost at the crest. There was an odd familiarity to the way the top of the huge slab seemed to form irregular steps, three up and one down. He climbed the short distance and felt across the stone, walking along it. Despite the weathering of centuries he could still feel four joined columns. He glanced up at the step-like top of the stone, towering over his head like a huge lean-to. Fingers. We’ll shelter in Artur Hawkwing’s hand. Maybe some of his justice is left here.
He motioned for Egwene to join him. She did not move, so he slid back down to the base of the hill and told her what he had found.
 “How can you see anything?” she asked.
Perrin opened his mouth, then shut it. He licked his lips as he looked around, for the first time really aware of what he was seeing. The sun was down. All the way down, now, and clouds hid the full moon, but it still seemed like the deep purple fringes of twilight to him. “I felt the rock,” he said finally. “That’s what it has to be. They won’t be able to pick us out against the shadow of it even if they come this far.” He took Bela’s bridle to lead her to the shelter of the hand. He could feel Egwene’s eyes on his back.
As he was helping her down from the saddle, the night broke out in shouts back toward the pool. She laid a hand on Perrin’s arm, and he heard her unspoken question.
“The men saw Wind,” he said reluctantly. It was difficult to pick out the meaning of the wolves’ thoughts. Something about fire. “They have torches.” He pressed her down at the base of the fingers and crouched beside her. “They’re breaking up into parties to search. So many of them, and the wolves are all hurt.” He tried to make his voice heartier. “But Dapple and the others should be able to keep out of their way, even injured, and they don’t expect us. People don’t see what they don’t expect. They’ll give up soon enough and make camp.” Elyas was with the wolves, and would not leave them while they were hunted. So many riders. So persistent. Why so persistent?
He saw Egwene nod, but in the dark she did not realize it. “We’ll be all right, Perrin.”
Light, he thought wonderingly, she’s trying to comfort me.
The shouts went on and on. Small knots of torches moved in the distance, flickering points of light in the darkness.
“Perrin,” Egwene said softly, “will you dance with me at Sunday? If we’re home by then?”
His shoulders shook. He made no sound, and he did not know if he was laughing or crying. “I will. I promise.” Against his will his hands tightened on the axe, reminding him that he still held it. His voice dropped to a whisper. “I promise,” he said again, and hoped.
Groups of torch-carrying men now rode through the hills, bunches of ten or twelve. Perrin could not tell how many groups there were. Sometimes three or four were in sight at once, quartering back and forth. They continued to shout to one another, and sometimes there were screams in the night, the screams of horses, the screams of men.
He saw it all from more than one vantage. He crouched on the hillside with Egwene, watching the torches move through the darkness like fireflies, and in his mind he ran in the night with Dapple, and Wind, and Hopper. The wolves had been too hurt by the ravens to run far or fast, so they intended to drive the men out of the darkness, drive them to the shelter of their fires. Men always sought the safety of fires in the end, when wolves roamed the night. Some of the mounted men led strings of horses without riders; they whinnied and reared with wide, rolling eyes when the gray shapes darted among them, screaming and pulling their lead ropes from the hands of the men who held them, scattering in all directions as fast as they could run. Horses with men on their backs screamed, too, when gray shadows flashed out of the dark with hamstringing fangs, and sometimes their riders screamed as well, just before jaws tore out their throats. Elyas was out there, also, more dimly sensed, stalking the night with his long knife, a two-legged wolf with one sharp steel tooth. The shouts became curses more often than not, but the searchers refused to give up.
Abruptly Perrin realized that the men with torches were following a pattern. Each time some of the parties came in view, one of them, at least, was closer to the hillside where he and Egwene were hiding. Elyas had said to hide, but . . . What if we run? Maybe we could hide in the dark, if we keep moving. Maybe. It has to be dark enough for that.
He turned to Egwene, but as he did the decision was taken away from him. Bunched torches, a dozen of them, came around the base of the hill, wavering with the trot of the horses. Lanceheads gleamed in the torchlight. He froze, holding his breath, hands tightening on his axe haft.
The horsemen rode past the hill, but one of the men shouted, and the torches swung back. He thought desperately, seeking for a way to go. But as soon as they moved they would be seen, if they had not already been, and once they were marked they would have no chance, not even with the darkness to help.
The horsemen drew up at the foot of the hill, each man holding a torch in one hand and a long lance in the other, guiding his horse by the pressure of his knees. By the light of the torches Perrin could see the white cloaks of the Children of the Light. They held the torches high and leaned forward in their saddles, peering up at the deep shadows under Artur Hawkwing’s fingers.
“There is something up there,” one of them said. His voice was too loud, as if he was afraid of what lay outside the light of his torch. “I told you somebody could hide in that. Isn’t that a horse?”
 Her silent question plain despite the shadow hiding her features. What to do? Elyas and the wolves still hunted through the night. The horses below shifted their feet nervously. If we run now, they’ll chase us down.
One of the Whitecloaks stepped his horse forward and shouted up the hill. “If you can understand human speech, come down and surrender. You’ll not be harmed if you walk in the Light. If you don’t surrender, you will all be killed. You have one minute.” The lances lowered, long steel heads bright with torchlight.
“Perrin,” Egwene whispered, “we can’t outrun them.  Perrin?”
Elyas and the wolves were still free. Another distant, bubbling scream marked a Whitecloak who had hunted Dapple too closely. If we run . . . Egwene was looking at him, waiting for him to tell her what to do. If we run . . . He shook his head wearily and stood up like a man in a trance, stumbling down the hill toward the Children of the Light. He heard Egwene sigh and follow him, her feet dragging reluctantly.  Why do they smell wrong? He almost thought he could smell the wrongness himself, when the wind gusted from the riders.
“Drop that axe,” the leader barked.
Perrin stumbled toward him, wrinkling his nose to get rid of the smell he thought he smelt.
“Drop it, bumpkin!” The leader’s lance shifted toward Perrin’s chest.
For a moment he stared at the lancehead, enough sharp steel to go completely through him, and abruptly he shouted, “No!” It was not at the horseman he shouted.
Out of the night Hopper came, and Perrin was one with the wolf. Hopper, the cub who had watched the eagles soar, and wanted so badly to fly through the sky as the eagles did. The cub who hopped and jumped and leaped until he could leap higher than any other wolf, and who never lost the cub’s yearning to soar through the sky. Out of the night Hopper came and left the ground in a leap, soaring like the eagles. The Whitecloaks had only a moment to begin cursing before Hopper’s jaws closed on the throat of the man with his lance leveled at Perrin. The big wolf’s momentum carried them both off the other side of the horse. Perrin felt the throat crushing, tasted the blood.
Hopper landed lightly, already apart from the man he had killed. Blood matted his fur, his own blood and that of others. A gash down his face crossed the empty socket where his left eye had been. His good eye met Perrin’s two for just an instant. Run, brother! He whirled to leap again, to soar one last time, and a lance pinned him to the earth. A second length of steel thrust through his ribs, driving into the ground under him. Kicking, he snapped at the shafts that held him. To soar.
Pain filled Perrin, and he screamed, a wordless scream that had something of a wolf’s cry in it. Without thinking he leaped forward, still screaming. All thought was gone. The horsemen had bunched too much to be able to use their lances, and the axe was a feather in his hands, one huge wolf’s tooth of steel. Something crashed into his head, and as he fell, he did not know if it was Hopper or himself who died.
“ . . . soar like the eagles.”
Mumbling, Perrin opened his eyes woozily. His head hurt, and he could not remember why. Blinking against the light, he looked around. Egwene was kneeling and watching him where he lay. They were in a square tent as big as a medium-sized room in a farmhouse, with a ground cloth for a floor. Oil lamps on tall stands, one in each corner, gave a bright light.
“Thank the Light, Perrin,” she breathed. “I was afraid they had killed you.”
Instead of answering, he stared at the gray-haired man seated in the lone chair in the tent.  It seemed a kindly face, bluff and dignified, and something about it fit the elegant austerity of the tent’s furnishings.  Where there was wood, it was polished to a soft glow, and the metal gleamed, but not too brightly, and nothing was showy. Everything in the tent had the look of craftsmanship, but only someone who had watched the work of craftsmen—like Master Luhhan, or Master Aydaer, the cabinetmaker—would see it.
Frowning, the man stirred two small piles of objects on the table with a blunt finger. Perrin recognized the contents of his pockets in one of those piles, and his belt knife. The silver coin Moiraine had given him toppled out, and the man pushed it back thoughtfully. Pursing his lips, he left the piles and lifted Perrin’s axe from the table, hefting it. His attention came back to the Emond’s Fielders.
Perrin tried to get up. Sharp pain stabbing along his arms and legs turned the movement into a flop. For the first time he realized that he was tied, hand and foot. His eyes went to Egwene. She shrugged ruefully, and twisted so that he could see her back. Half a dozen lashings wrapped her wrists and ankles, the cords making ridges in her flesh. A length of rope ran between the bonds around ankles and wrists, short enough to stop her from straightening to more than a crouch if she got to her feet.
Perrin stared. That they were tied was shock enough, but they wore enough ropes to hold horses. What do they think we are?
The gray-haired man watched them, curious and thoughtful, like Master al’Vere puzzling out a problem. He held the axe as if he had forgotten it.
The tent flap shifted aside, and a tall man stepped into the tent. His face was long and gaunt, with eyes so deeply set they seemed to look out from caves.
Perrin had a glimpse of night outside, and campfires, and two white-cloaked guards at the entrance of the tent, then the flap fell back into place. As soon as the newcomer was into the tent, he stopped, standing as rigid as an iron rod, staring straight ahead of him at the far wall of the tent. His plate-and-mail armor gleamed like silver against his snowy cloak and undercoat.
“My Lord Captain.” His voice was as hard as his posture, and grating, but somehow flat, without expression.
The gray-haired man made a casual gesture. “Be at your ease, Child Byar. You have tallied our costs for this . . . encounter?”
The tall man moved his feet apart, but other than that Perrin did not see anything ease about his stance. “Nine men dead, my Lord Captain, and twenty-three injured, seven seriously. All can ride, though. Thirty horses had to be put down. They were hamstrung!” He emphasized that in his emotionless voice, as if what had happened to the horses were worse than the deaths and injuries to men. “Many of the remounts are scattered. We may find some at daybreak, my Lord Captain, but with wolves to send them on their way, it will take days to gather them all. The men who were supposed to be watching them have been assigned to night guard until we reach Caemlyn.”
“We do not have days, Child Byar,” the gray-haired man said mildly. “We ride at dawn. Nothing can change that. We must be in Caemlyn in time, yes?”
“As you command, my Lord Captain.”
The gray-haired man glanced at Perrin and Egwene, then away again. “And what have we to show for it, aside from these two younglings?”
Byar drew a deep breath and hesitated. “I have had the wolf that was with this lot skinned, my Lord Captain. The hide should make a fine rug for my Lord Captain’s tent.”
Hopper! Not even realizing what he was doing, Perrin growled and struggled against his bonds. The ropes dug into his skin—his wrists became slippery with blood—but they did not give.
For the first time Byar looked at the prisoners. Egwene started back from him. His face was as expressionless as his voice, but a cruel light burned in his sunken eyes, as surely as flames burned in Ba’alzamon’s. Byar hated them as if they were enemies of long years instead of people never seen before tonight.
Perrin stared back defiantly. His mouth curled into a tight smile at the thought of his teeth meeting in the man’s throat.
Abruptly his smile faded, and he shook himself. My teeth? I’m a man, not a wolf! Light, there has to be an end to this! But he still met Byar’s glare, hate for hate.
“I do not care about wolf-hide rugs, Child Byar.” The rebuke in the Lord Captain’s voice was gentle, but Byar’s back snapped rigid again, his eyes locking to the wall of the tent. “You were reporting on what we achieved this night, no? If we achieved anything.”
“I would estimate the pack that attacked us at fifty beasts or more, my Lord Captain. Of that, we killed at least twenty, perhaps thirty. I did not consider it worth the risk of losing more horses to have the carcasses brought in tonight. In the morning I will have them gathered and burned, those that aren’t dragged off in the dark. Besides these two, there were at least a dozen other men. I believe we disposed of four or five, but it is unlikely we will find any bodies, given the Darkfriends’ propensity for carrying away their dead to hide their losses. This seems to have been a coordinated ambush, but that raises the question of . . . ”
Perrin’s throat tightened as the gaunt man went on. Elyas? Cautiously, reluctantly, he felt for Elyas, for the wolves . . . and found nothing. It was as if he had never been able to feel a wolf’s mind.  He wanted to laugh, a bitter laugh. At last he had what he had been wishing for, but the price was high.
The gray-haired man did laugh, just then, a rich, wry chuckle that made a red spot bloom on each of Byar’s cheeks. “So, Child Byar, it is your considered estimate that we were attacked in a planned ambush by upwards of fifty wolves and better than half a score of Darkfriends? Yes? Perhaps when you’ve seen a few more actions . . . ”
“But, my Lord Captain Bornhald . . . ”
“I would say six or eight wolves, Child Byar, and perhaps no other humans than these two. You have the true zeal, but no experience outside the cities. It is a different thing, bringing the Light, when streets and houses are far distant. Wolves have a way of seeming more than they are, in the night—and men, also. Six or eight at most, I think.” Byar’s flush deepened slowly. “I also suspect they were here for the same reason we are: the only easy water for at least a day in any direction. A much simpler explanation than spies or traitors within the Children, and the simplest explanation is usually the truest. You will learn, with experience.”
Byar’s face went deathly white as the grandfatherly man spoke; by contrast, the two spots in his hollow cheeks deepened from red to purple. He cut his eyes toward the two prisoners for an instant.
He hates us even more, now, Perrin thought, for hearing this. But why did he hate us in the first place?
“What do you think of this?” the Lord Captain said, holding up Perrin’s axe.
Byar looked a question at his commander and waited for an answering nod before he broke his rigid stance to take the weapon. He hefted the axe and gave a surprised grunt, then whirled it in a tight arc above his head that barely missed the top of the tent. He handled it as surely as if he had been born with an axe in his hands. A look of grudging admiration flickered across his face, but by the time he lowered the axe he was expressionless once more.
“Excellently balanced, my Lord Captain. Plainly made, but by a very good weaponsmith, perhaps even a master.” His eyes burned darkly at the prisoners. “Not a villager’s weapon, my Lord Captain. Nor a farmer’s.”
“No.” The gray-haired man turned toward Perrin and Egwene with a weary, slightly chiding smile, a kindly grandfather who knew his grandchildren had been up to some mischief. “My name is Geofram Bornhald,” he told them. “You are Perrin, I understand. But you, young woman, what is your name?”
Perrin glowered at him, but Egwene shook her head. “Don’t be silly, Perrin. I’m Egwene.”
“Just Perrin, and just Egwene,” Bornhald murmured. “But I suppose if you truly are Darkfriends, you wish to hide your identities as much as possible.”
Perrin heaved himself up to his knees; he could rise no further because of the way he was bound. “We aren’t Darkfriends,” he protested angrily.
The words were not completely out of his mouth before Byar reached him. The man moved like a snake. He saw the handle of his own axe swinging toward him and tried to duck, but the thick haft caught him over the ear. Only the fact that he was moving away from the blow kept his skull from being split. Even so, lights flashed in his eyes. Breath left him as he struck the ground. His head rung, and blood ran down his cheek.
“You have no right,” Egwene began, and screamed as the axe handle whipped toward her. She threw herself aside, and the blow whistled through empty air as she tumbled to the ground cloth.
“You will keep a civil tongue,” Byar said, “when speaking to an Anointed of the Light, or you will have no tongue. “ The worst of it was his voice still had no emotion at all. Cutting out their tongues would give him no pleasure and no regret; it was just something he would do.
“Go easy, Child Byar.” Bornhald looked at the captives again. “I expect you do not know much about the Anointed, or about Lords Captain of the Children of the Light, do you? No, I thought not. Well, for Child Byar’s sake, at least, try not to argue or shout, yes? I want no more than that you should walk in the Light, and letting anger get the better of you won’t help any of us.”
Perrin looked up at the gaunt-faced man standing over them. For Child Byar’s sake? He noticed that the Lord Captain did not tell Byar to leave them alone.  Perrin shivered.
“I have heard of this thing of men running with wolves,” Bornhald said musingly, “though I have not seen it before. Men supposedly talking with wolves, and with other creatures of the Dark One. A filthy business. It makes me fear the Last Battle is indeed coming soon.”
“Wolves aren’t—” Perrin cut off as Byar’s boot drew back. Taking a deep breath, he went on in a milder tone. Byar lowered his foot with a disappointed grimace. “Wolves aren’t creatures of the Dark One.  At least, they hate Trollocs, and Fades.” He was surprised to see the gaunt-faced man nod as if to himself.
Bornhald raised an eyebrow. “Who told you that?”
“A Warder,” Egwene said. She scrunched away from Byar’s heated eyes. “He said wolves hate Trollocs, and Trollocs are afraid of wolves.” Perrin was glad she had not mentioned Elyas.
“A Warder,” the gray-haired man sighed. “A creature of the Tar Valon witches. What else would that sort tell you, when he is a Darkfriend himself, and a servant of Darkfriends? Do you not know Trollocs have wolves’ muzzles and teeth, and wolves’ fur?”
Perrin blinked, trying to clear his head. His brain still felt like jellied pain, but there was something wrong here. He could not get his thoughts straight enough to puzzle it out.
“Not all of them,” Egwene muttered. Perrin gave Byar a wary look, but the gaunt man only watched her. “Some of them have horns, like rams or goats, or hawks’ beaks, or . . . or . . . all sorts of things.”
Bornhald shook his head sadly. “I give you every chance, and you dig yourself deeper with every word.” He held up one finger. “You run with wolves, creatures of the Dark One.” A second finger. “You admit to being acquainted with a Warder, another creature of the Dark One. I doubt he would have told you what he did if it was only in passing.” A third finger. “You, boy, carry a Tar Valon mark in your pocket. Most men outside Tar Valon get rid of those as fast as they can. Unless they serve the Tar Valon witches.” A fourth.  A skulker, then.” The thumb rose. “You know Trollocs, and Myrddraal. This far south, only a few scholars and those who have traveled in the Borderlands believe they are anything but stories. Perhaps you have been to the Borderlands? If so, tell me where? I have traveled a good deal in the Borderlands; I know them well. No? Ah, well, then.” He looked at his spread hand, then dropped it hard on the table. The grandfatherly expression said the grandchildren had been up to some very serious mischief indeed. “Why do you not tell me the truth of how you came to be running in the night with wolves?”
Egwene opened her mouth, but Perrin saw the stubborn set of her jaw and knew right away she was going to tell one of the stories they had worked out. That would not do. Not now, not here. His head ached, and he wished he had time to think it out, but there was no time. Who could tell where this Bornhald had traveled, with what lands and cities he was familiar? If he caught them in a lie, there would be no going back to the truth. Bornhald would be convinced they were Darkfriends, then.
“We’re from the Two Rivers,” he said quickly.
Egwene stared at him openly before she caught herself, but he pressed on with the truth—or a version of it. The two of them had left the Two Rivers to see Caemlyn. On the way they had heard of the ruins of a great city, but when they found Shadar Logoth, there were Trollocs there. The two of them managed to escape across the River Arinelle, but by that time they were completely lost. Then they fell in with a man who offered to guide them to Caemlyn. He had said his name was none of their business, and he hardly seemed friendly, but they needed a guide. The first either of them had seen of wolves had been after the Children of the Light appeared. All they had been trying to do was hide so they would not get eaten by wolves or killed by the men on horses.
“ . . . If we’d known you were Children of the Light,” he finished, “we’d have gone to you for help.”
Byar snorted with disbelief. Perrin did not care overmuch; if the Lord Captain was convinced, Byar could not harm them. It was plain that Byar would stop breathing if Lord Captain Bornhald told him to.
“There is no Warder in that,” the gray-haired man said after a moment.
Perrin’s invention failed him; he knew he should have taken time to think it out. Egwene leaped into the breach. “We met him in Baerlon. The city was crowded with men who had come down from the mines after the winter, and we were put at the same table in an inn. We only talked to him for the length of a meal.”
Perrin breathed again. Thank you, Egwene.
“Give them back their belongings, Child Byar. Not the weapons, of course.” When Byar looked at him in surprise, Bornhald added, “Or are you one of those who have taken to looting the unenlightened, Child Byar? It is a bad business, that, yes? No man can be a thief and walk in the Light.” Byar seemed to struggle with disbelief at the suggestion.
“Then you’re letting us go?” Egwene sounded surprised. Perrin lifted his head to stare at the Lord Captain.
“Of course not, child,” Bornhald said sadly. “You may be telling the truth about being from the Two Rivers, since you know about Baerlon, and the mines. But Shadar Logoth . . . ? That is a name very, very few know, most of them Darkfriends, and anyone who knows enough to know the name, knows enough not to go there. I suggest you think of a better story on the journey to Amador. You will have time, since we must pause in Caemlyn. Preferably the truth, child. There is freedom in truth and the Light.”
Byar forgot some of his diffidence toward the gray-haired man. He spun from the prisoners, and there was an outraged snap to his words. “You can’t! It is not allowed!” Bornhald raised one eyebrow quizzically, and Byar pulled himself up short, swallowing. “Forgive me, my Lord Captain. I forgot myself, and I humbly beg pardon and submit myself for penance, but as my Lord Captain himself has pointed out, we must reach Caemlyn in time, and with most of our remounts gone, we will be hard pressed enough without carrying prisoners along.”
“And what would you suggest?” Bornhald asked calmly.
“The penalty for Darkfriends is death.” The flat voice made it all the more jarring. He might have been suggesting stepping on a bug. “There is no truce with the Shadow. There is no mercy for Darkfriends.”
“Zeal is to be applauded, Child Byar, but, as I must often tell my son, Dain, overzealousness can be a grievous fault. Remember that the Tenets also say, ‘No man is so lost that he cannot be brought to the Light.’ These two are young. They cannot yet be deep in the Shadow. They can yet be led to the Light, if they will only allow the Shadow to be lifted from their eyes. We must give them that chance.”
For a moment Perrin almost felt affection for the grandfatherly man who stood between them and Byar. Then Bornhald turned his grandfather’s smile on Egwene.
“If you refuse to come to the Light by the time we reach Amador, I will be forced to turn you over to the Questioners, and beside them Byar’s zeal is but a candle beside the sun.” The gray-haired man sounded like a man who regretted what he must do, but who had no intention of ever doing anything but his duty as he saw it. “Repent, renounce the Dark One, come to the Light, confess your sins and tell what you know of this vileness with wolves, and you will be spared that. You will walk free, in the Light.” His gaze centered on Perrin, and he sighed sadly. Ice filled Perrin’s spine. “But you, just Perrin from the Two Rivers. You killed two of the Children.” He touched the axe that Byar still held.


R I S H I K E S H
Come, fall in Love with the white waters of Uttarakhand
The gurgling and revving Ganges and its tributaries in Rishikesh, makes river rafting in Rishikesh a must try adventurous sports for the adventure junkies. Guarded by the majestic Himalayas and surrounded by the lush green vegetation, the holy city of Rishikesh is just 43 km from Haridwar.
Because of its rugged and uneven settings, the flow of Ganges and the tributaries get the chance to offer some of the most herculean rapids, making a perfect location to try river rafting in Rishikesh.


Curious that we spend more time congratulating people who have succeeded than encouraging people who have not.


@article{zheng2018degeneration, title={Degeneration in VAE: in the light of fisher information loss}, author={Zheng, Huangjie and Yao, Jiangchao and Zhang, Ya and Tsang, Ivor W}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.06677}, year={2018} }


The Flaming Lips /
Yoshimi Battles the Pink Robots
Category: Psychedelic |
Label: Warner Bros. Records |
Year Released: 2002 |
Purchase Date: 2003 |
Purchase Amount: $15.00
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Everything you need to know ...
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- 02-Track
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- 06-Track
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- 07-Track
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- 08-Track
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- 11-Track
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- 12-Track
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Everything you need to know ...
Artist Name /
Record Name
Category |
Label |
Year Released |
Purchase Date |
Purchase Amount
- 01-Track
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- 02-Track
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- 03-Track
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- 04-Track
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- 05-Track
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- 06-Track
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- 07-Track
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Everything you need to know ...
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Everything you need to know ...


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Tutorials
This section features more detailed tutorials how to use both present benchmarks.
Repeatability benchmark tutorial
Image retrieval benchmark tutorial


Duchess of Sussex’s Instagram post deleted by Stella McCartney after complaints
- Advertisement -
To commemorate Remembrance Day service recently, Meghan Markle wore one of Stella McCartney’s coats.
The British fashion designer who also designed Meghan, Duchess of Sussex’s wedding reception dress shared a photo of Meghan wearing one of her pieces during Remembrance Day services.
McCartney later deleted the post after netizens complained that the designer was promoting her brand instead of honouring veterans for the holiday.
Page Six reported that the designer uploaded a photo of Meghan wearing a black-belted coat that she designed while attending Remembrance Sunday services.
- Advertisement -
She wrote in the caption, “So honoured to have HRH Duchess of Sussex in our Autumn ’19 coat at Remembrance Day service. x Stella”
Some netizens complemented Meghan’s outfit, according to the media outlet but a couple of netizens condemned the post saying that McCartney is disrespectful for the event and promoting her designs.
The post was deleted but McCartney has not responded or commented about the post or the outfit that Meghan wore.
Meghan is a fan of McCartney’s designs, having worn her outfits a number of times including during the royal wedding to Prince Harry.
The designer said that she felt honoured and she still is, according to ELLE U.K. of the opportunity.
She said Meghan chose McCartney for reasons other than just a beautiful dress and that she is not a difficult client to make look beautiful.
According to McCartney, Meghan is a women’s woman which made it easier to dress her.
Meghan looked beautiful in an all-white, high-neck outfit by Stella McCartney when she and Prince Harry appeared for their private evening wedding reception at Windsor’s Frogmore House.
- Advertisement -


Reading Area Water Authority:
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Entech Engineering, Inc. was contracted by the City of Reading to undertake a $26 million renovation of the city's antiquated water system. A total of 72 separate projects was completed. Major elements of the renovation project include: 18th Ward #4 Tank Replacement: Entech provided all engineering, design, and construction monitoring for this $1.5 million finished water storage tank. The new 2.3 million gallon tank was constructed adjacent to the Authority's old, 1930 era, riveted steel, lead painted storage tank, which was dismantled as part of the project. Entech conducted a detailed evaluation of steel vs. concrete tank type using a life-cycle cost analysis which took into account first costs and ongoing/future maintenance expenditures. Plans and specifications were then prepared for construction of a 77 ft. diameter, 66 ft. high post-tensioned concrete tank. Also included in the project was the addition of an altitude valve, associated by-pass piping, isolation valves, and instrumentation, all contained in an underground vault. Filter Plant Renovations: Provided mechanical, civil, structural, electrical and architectural engineering design and construction inspection services for over $8.0 million worth of construction projects at the Maiden Creek Filter Plant. Projects included: 1) concrete and structural repairs for the coagulation channels, settling basins, and raw water conduits; 2) replacement of existing substation and distribution system; 3) electrical system upgrades to the entire building including indoor and outdoor lighting; 4) chlorine injection modifications and aqua ammonia feed system and bulk storage; 5) new carbon feed system; 6) replacement of dehumidification equipment; 7) boiler burner replacement; 8) new filter and backwash control system including motorized valves and electronic filter controls; 9) new traveling water screen and bulkhead replacement; 10) replacement of sand filter media; 11) new fiberglass reinforced sluice gates; 12) hydroelectric unit design and start-up/testing. Chlorine/Ammonia Building Modifications: Prepared plans and specifications for the installation of a multi one-ton cylinder chlorine system complete with two new scales (2 one-ton cylinders per scale), an evaporator for implementation of liquid and/or gas chlorination, a 6,000 gallon aqua ammonia tank and two new metering pumps. Building renovations were designed to correct the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection's code violations pertaining to the separation of feed/storage and adequate ventilation with chlorine sensors for personnel safety. Bulk Lime Silo System: Provided layout design, plans, and specifications for the installation of a 30-ton hydrated lime silo system, slurry pumps, trenching/piping, foundation and controls. Clearwater Basin Repairs: Provided mechanical, civil, and structural engineering design and construction inspection services for over $1.0 million worth of construction repair projects at the 10 MG underground clearwater basins. Projects included: partial floor slab removal and replacement, construction joint repairs and protection involving the installation of a flexible Hypalon liner system, installation of two 30" emergency back-up discharge pipe lines and associated valving, and coordination of lime sludge removal and drying operations. Also conducted complete structural analyses of column supports, ceiling arches, and foundations, and evaluated flow rates, capacity, chlorine contact time and water quality. Distribution System Upgrades: Entech developed plans and specifications for a multitude of improvements/upgrades to the city's 209 mile distribution system. Entech designed and inspected over 30,000 LF of water main ranging in size from 6" to 36". The distribution system upgrades include the elimination of dead ends via looping, replacing existing deteriorated and undersized mains with new larger diameter pipe, fire hydrant replacements, main line distribution valve replacements (30" and 36" sizes), etc. In addition, Entech worked extensively with PADOT, Conrail, and the Pennsylvania DEP to ensure proper permitting and safety of installation. Examples of other distribution system projects include: transferring of services from low pressure to intermediate pressure, new pressure reducing valves, aerial and underground stream crossings, cathodic protection and the development of an operational pipe flow model of the entire distribution system. Total construction costs for the distribution system upgrades are in excess of $6.3 million. Maiden Creek Pumping Station Upgrades: Upgrade of the pumping station included structural and roof repairs, replacement of underground fuel tanks, new 900 HP diesel engine and speed reducer for a 17 MGD emergency pump, new pump discharge valves/operators, pump surge anticipator/relief system, new vacuum system, electrical system upgrades including new switchgear, lighting and emergency power system, electrification of an existing crane and new automated pump controls including a SCADA control system. Entech also provide structural analysis of crane and building supports, evaluation of electrical, heating and pump control systems, pump flow tests and flow metering calibration, and an energy study to reduce electrical consumption during peak hours. Hydraulic Flow Model: Entech developed a hydraulic model to simulate pipe network flow analysis of the city's 13 MGD system consisting of 210 miles of 4" to 36" water mains, four pressure zones, three pumping stations (each with two to five pumps), four pressure sustaining valves, and eleven water tanks/reservoirs ranging in size from 500,000 to 26,000,000 gallons. SCADA: Reading had a very old, unreliable, centralized reservoir monitoring system to track tank water levels. This system was replaced with a state of the art Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system which allows the city to accurately track and record not only tank levels, but also filter plant performance (filter status, flows, turbidities, etc). Transmission/distribution system pressures, residual chlorine and PH levels, transmission line flows, pump suction and discharge pressures, and other data, continuously. Operational control and status of pumps and storage tank altitude valves is also provided. Over 350 points are monitored or controlled by the system. GIS: A Geographic Information System (GIS) was developed for the city to quickly access distribution and service information on the computer. The system also contains fire hydrant, valve, and line details in a comprehensive database which is easily accessed over conventional phone lines. Work orders and inventory tracking are an integral part of the system. |


{% partial "newsItem" partialsRecords = news.records %}
title = "News" url = "/news/:page?" layout = "default" is_hidden = 0 robot_index = "index" robot_follow = "follow" [viewBag] localeUrl[ru] = "/news" [RecordList news] modelClass = "Nova\Idealprint\Models\News" scope = "-" scopeValue = "{{ :scope }}" displayColumn = "title" noRecordsMessage = "No records found" detailsPage = "news-detail" detailsKeyColumn = "slug" detailsUrlParameter = "slug" recordsPerPage = 12 pageNumber = "{{ :page }}" sortColumn = "created_at" sortDirection = "desc" whereIsActive = 1 ==


LAN settings
Auto detect proxy
Looks for WPAD
IPv6 (LLMNR) looks for WPADWPADWPAD
You get to set all of their proxy information :)


| TeamsHalf {Lahman} | R Documentation |
Split season data for teams
data(TeamsHalf)
A data frame with 52 observations on the following 10 variables.
yearID
Year
lgID
League; a factor with levels AL
NL
teamID
Team; a factor
Half
First or second half of season
divID
Division
DivWin
Won Division (Y or N)
Rank
Team's position in standings for the half
G
Games played
W
Wins
L
Losses
Lahman, S. (2021) Lahman's Baseball Database, 1871-2020, 2020 version, http://www.seanlahman.com/baseball-archive/statistics/
# 1981 season team data split into half seasons data(TeamsHalf) library("dplyr") # List standings with winning percentages by # season half, league and division TeamsHalf %>% group_by(Half, lgID, divID) %>% mutate(WinPct = round(W/G, 3)) %>% arrange(Half, lgID, divID, Rank) %>% select(Half, lgID, divID, Rank, teamID, WinPct)


PREZIP-BIN(1) Aspell Abbreviated User's Manual PREZIP-BIN(1) NAME prezip-bin - prefix zip delta word list compressor/decompressor SYNOPSIS prezip-bin [ -V | -d | -z ] DESCRIPTION prezip-bin compresses/decompresses sorted word lists from standard input to standard output. Prezip-bin is similar to word-list-compress(1) but it allows a larger character set of {0x00...0x09, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0E...0xFF} and multi-words larger than 255 characters in length. It can also decompress word-list-compress(1) compatible files. COMMANDS Prezip-bin accepts only one of these commands. -V Display prezip-bin version number to standard output. -d Read a compressed word list from standard input and decompress it to standard output. This can be a word-list-compress(1) or a prezip-bin compressed file. -z Read a binary word list from standard input and compress it to standard output. EXAMPLES prezip-bin -d <wordlist.cwl >wordlist.txt Decompress file wordlist.cwl to text file wordlist.txt prezip-bin -z <wordlist.txt >wordlist.pz 2>errors.txt Compress wordlist.txt to binary file wordlist.pz and send any error messages to a text file named errors.txt LC_COLLATE=C sort -u <wordlist.txt | prezip-bin -z >wordlist.pz Sort a word list, then pipe it to prezip-bin to create a com‐ pressed binary wordlist.pz file. prezip-bin -d <words.pz | aspell create master ./words.rws Decompress a wordlist, then pipe it to aspell(1) to create a spelling list. Please check the aspell(1) info manual for proper usage and options. TIPS Prezip-bin is best used with sorted word list type files. It is not a general purpose compression program since resulting files may actually increase in size. Unlike word-list-compress(1) if your word list has leading or trailing blank spaces for formatting purposes, you should remove them first before you compress your list using prezip-bin -z , otherwise those spaces will be included in the compressed binary output. DIAGNOSTICS Prezip-bin normally exits with a return code of 0. If it encounters an error, a message is sent to standard error output (stderr), and prezip-bin exits with a non-zero return value. Error messages are listed below: (display help/usage message) Unknown command given on the command line so prezip-bin displays a usage message to standard error output. unknown format The input file appears not to be an expected format, or may possi‐ bly be a more advanced format. The output file will be empty. corrupt input This is only for the decompression command -d. The input file appeared to be of a correct format, but something appears wrong now. There may be some valid data in output, but due to input corruption, the rest of the file can not be completed. unexpected EOF The input file appeared okay but ended sooner than expected, therefore the output file is not complete. SEE ALSO aspell(1), aspell-import(1), run-with-aspell(1), word-list-compress(1) Aspell is fully documented in its Texinfo manual. See the `aspell' entry in info for more complete documentation. REPORTING BUGS For help, see the Aspell homepage at <http://aspell.net>. Send bug reports/comments to the Aspell user list at the above address. AUTHOR This info page was written by Jose Da Silva<EMAIL_ADDRESS>prezip-bin-0.1.2 2005-09-30 PREZIP-BIN(1)


The Second Sneak-Peek of Startup Design Framework
Startup Design Framework contains components and complex blocks which can easily be integrated into almost any design. Responsive layout, clear grid, retina ready.
We did a 2.5K size high resolution photo that will suit even for a very large web site.
To get started, you select the desired sample and base the entire website on it. It’s that simple!
Samples will show you the feeling on how to play around using the components.
All components are made in the same style, and can easily be integrated into projects, allowing you to create hundreds of solutions for your future projects.
Of course we haven’t forgotten about the responsive layout for our product.
Startup Framework works fine on devices supporting Retina Display. Feel the clarity in each pixel.
It allows you to find understanding between the designer and developer.


CTech's Monday Roundup of Israeli Tech News
Bonobo was the fastest acquisition-to-product in Salesforce’s history, says exec; CVC completes $430 million acquisition of 25%-plus stake in IronSource
by CTechInterview | Bonobo was the fastest acquisition-to-product in Salesforce’s history, says exec. John Somorjai, Salesforce’s executive vice president of corporate development and Salesforce Ventures, spoke to Calcalist about the company’s expansion strategy. Read more
CVC completes $430 million acquisition of 25%-plus stake in IronSource. The deal, first reported by Calcalist, was signed in last month. Read more
Over 10,000 people rode Tel Aviv’s Shabbat shuttle service this weekend. The routes were originally meant to run just once every 30 minutes, but just three hours after the service was launched, Tel Aviv announced it was boosting it with additional vehicles. Read more
Calcalist’s Mind the Tech conference:
For Snap, business does not eclipse user privacy, says CBO Jeremi Gorman. Watch the video
A bank that doesn’t embrace AI will not be relevant to younger generations, says exec. Read more
The lone soldier has become a major factor in today’s battlefield, says IAI VP. Read more
AI helps generate insights from the abundance of online data, says Cobwebs CEO. Read more
If we could share what NSO really does, media discourse would change, says exec. Read more
CTalk: reporter Adi Pick interviews leading tech figures at Mind the Tech TLV
Lightricks’ Zeev Farbman. Watch the video
CTalk: Kryon Systems’ Harel Taybe. Watch the video
CTalk: Temi’s Yossi Wolf and Lior Suchard. Watch the video
CTalk: Tel Aviv University’s Irad Ben-Gal. Watch the video


Linux and Git Tutorial
1. cd - a Linux command used to change the current working directory in Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. To use, type "cd (insert name of directory)".
2. mkdir - a Linux command that allows the user to create directories (also referred to as folders in some operating systems ). This command can create multiple directories at once as well as set the permissions for the directories. To use, type "mkdir (insert name of directory here)".
3. cp - a Linux command used to copy files or group of files or directory. It creates an exact image of a file on a disk with different file name. cp command requires at least two filenames in its arguments. To use, type "cp (file 1) (file 2)".
4. pwd - a Linux command line utility for printing the current working directory. It will print the full system path of the current working directory to standard output. By default the pwd command ignores symlinks, although the full physical path of a current directory can be shown with an option. To use, type "pwd".
5. mv - a Linux command line utility that moves files or directories from one place to another. It supports moving single files, multiple files and directories. It can prompt before overwriting and has an option to only move files that are new than the destination. To use, type "mv (old file) (new file)".
6. rm - a Linux command that stands for remove here. rm command is used to remove objects such as files, directories, symbolic links and so on from the file system like UNIX. To use, type "rm (file)".
7. history - a Linux command that keeps a list of all the other commands that have been run from that terminal session, then allows you to replay or reuse those commands instead of retyping them. To use, type "history".
8. Home directory and ~ - a home directory, also called a login directory, is the directory on Unix-like operating systems that serves as the repository for a user's personal files, directories and programs. The ~ symbol stands for a "tilde" to denote a user's home directory. Thus tilde slash (~/) is the beginning of a path to a file or directory below the user's home directory. ... Note: Quite often, the succeeding file or directory name is preceded by a period (".") which indicates that it is hidden (in Linux).
9. file paths in linux - A file path is the human-readable representation of a file or folder’s location on a computer system. Ex: /home/seth/Pictures/penguin.jpg . Can be found by typing "pwd" where you want to know the file path.
10. Using the tab key to complete file paths - this is a way to complete a file path without typing it out entirely. To use, start typing the file path, then press tab, and if you typed it correctly so far, it finishes it for you.
11. Using up and down arrow for history - this is a way to access previous commands typed in a terminal using the up and down arrow keys. To use, press the up arrow key after previously entering in commands to navigate previous commands. To go back, press the down arrow key to return to newer commands you typed.
References: Material from IT 340 as well as Google definitions (https://www.google.com/)
1. Repository is a place where all changes made to your files in a project is stored over time. It is a place where data and code is stored for projects.
2. Clone is a git command line which is used to clone or copy an existing repository. To use clone, you type $ git clone
3. Fork is a copy of a repositoy, it allows you to make changes to a project without affecting the original project. to use fork in github you go to the repository you want to fork and click the fork button in the top right side.
4. Branch is a git command that lets you create a new branch or timeline of commits, changes and file additions that are complety your won. A branch represents a series of commits. To use branch you type $ git branch-d
5. Commit is a git command used to save your changes to a local repository or to make changes to a repository. To use git commit, you type $ git commit -m
6.Merge is a git command that allows you to take multiple different branches and integrate them together into a single branch. To use merge, you type $ git merge origin/master
7. Checkout is a git command that lets you navigate between branches. Checkout makes sure the branch files is up to date with the version stored in a branch. to use checkout, you type $ git checkout-b
8. Push is a git command that is used to upload local repository to a remote repository. Push command is how you transfer commits from your local repository to a remote repository. to use git push, you type $ git push origin master
9. Pull is a command that is used to get and download content from a remote repository. Then update the local repository to match the content. To use git pull, you type $ git pull origin master
10. Remote Add/Remove/show is a git commad on how to manage remote repositories. It lets you create, view and delete changes to alter a repository. to use remote, ypu type $ git remote add origin
11. Status is a git command that displays the state of the working directory and the staging area. Git status lets you see what changes have occured and which files have been uploaded. $ git status
12. Master branch- is the default branch. The master branch is the original repository that is cloned or forked to create new branches. Master branch appers when making commits to a local repository.
Git flow
Git flow is a branching model for Git, it is best suited for projects that have a scheduled release cycle. Gitflow assigns specific roles to differetn branches and how to merge branches together. Gitflow makes collaborating on a project much easier and it allows to follow that others are doing in your project.
References: atlassian.com and google
Credit for Git Tutorial by Kofi Otu-Manteaw in collaboration with myself for Mini-Project 1


Goodreads blurb: The Poisonwood Bible is a story told by the wife and four daughters of Nathan Price, a fierce, evangelical Baptist who takes his family and mission to the Belgian Congo in 1959.
'Painful but beautiful'
Goodreads blurb: Shantaram is narrated by Lin, an escaped convict with a false passport who flees maximum security prison in Australia for the teeming streets of a city where he can disappear.
'A rollicking good read'
Goodreads blub: The Kite Runner Amir is the son of a wealthy Kabul merchant, a member of the ruling caste of Pashtuns. Hassan, his servant and constant companion, is a Hazara, a despised and impoverished caste.
'The most moving book I ever read'
Vote for the book of the month!


Spain seizes submarine full of ‘several tonnes’ of cocaine
Two people were arrested as part of the operation on Sunday in the seaside town of Cangas near the border with Portugal.
by AFPThe submarine was "likely" transporting "several tonnes (of cocaine) but this is just an estimate", a source close to the investigation told AFP. Image for illustration: iStock
Police in Spain have seized a submarine loaded with cocaine off the coast of the northwestern region of Galicia which arrived from South America, officials said on Monday.
Two people were arrested as part of the operation on Sunday in the seaside town of Cangas near the border with Portugal, a police spokesperson said.
The submarine was “likely” transporting “several tonnes (of cocaine) but this is just an estimate”, a source close to the investigation told AFP.
Spanish media said the submarine was carrying over three tonnes of cocaine from Colombia.
The submarine, about 20 metres (65 feet) long, came from South America, another source close to the investigation said without specifying which country the vessel departed from.
“It is not the first time but we don’t see this every day” in Europe, the source added.
Drug traffickers, especially from Colombia, have been caught using submarines to transport cocaine into Mexico, and from there into the United States.
In September the US Coast Guard, with the aid of the Colombian navy, intercepted a submarine carrying over five tonnes of cocaine off the coast of South America.
Galicia, one of the country’s poorest regions, is a top entry point for cocaine into Europe. A maze of coves, caves and inlets dot its rugged coastline, making it a smuggler’s paradise.
Spain accounted for the second-highest proportion of cocaine seizures in the European Union last year after Belgium, with 41 tonnes apprehended.


<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Asks the CloudBank to mark notes for sale.
Sample GET Request:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Sample response if good
{ "exchange_server":"bank.cloudcoin.global"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>"status":"success", "message":"Coins marked for sale", "currencies":["dollars","bitcoin"], "time":"2016-49-21 7:49:PM" }


The tree view feature allows you to create a tree from your grid, specifying which of your data rows are nodes and which are leaves.
Note that recent breaking changes have been implemented on treeView and grouping, combining much of the logic into a treeBase module. This means that you may need to include the treeBase module in your code, and that some of the events and methods have moved to grid.api.treeBase instead of grid.api.treeView
Documentation for the treeView feature is provided in the api documentation, both under treeView itself, and shared functions in the treeBase documentation. In particular:
The tree structure itself is documented at treeBase.
In your data you tell us the nodes by setting the property $$treeLevel on a given row. Levels start at 0 and increase as you move down the tree.
If you wish to load your tree incrementally, you can listen to the rowExpanded event, which will tell you whenever a row is expanded. You can then retrieve additional data from the server and splice it into the data array at the right point, the grid will automatically render the data when it arrives.
Treeview allows sorting, and implements it as a recursive tree sort - it sorts the children of each of the nodes of the tree.
Treeview allows filtering, it filters all the rows (nodes and leaves) and then makes sure that all parents of any visible row are also visible. Note that filtering doesn't change expand/collapse states, your users will still need to expand the nodes to get to the filtered rows.
Treeview includes aggregation logic, which is implemented by setting the aggregation property on the columnDef. The aggregation property is documented at columnDef. Refer to complex trees for more detail.
TreeView is still alpha, and under development, however it is included in the distribution files to allow people to start using it. Notable outstandings are:
Options to watch out for include:
treeIndent
: the expand buttons are indented by a number of pixels (default 10) as the tree
level gets deeper. Larger values look nicertreeRowHeaderBaseWidth
: the base width of the tree row header (default 30)showTreeExpandNoChildren
: defaults to true. Shows the + even if there are no children, allows
you to dynamically load children. If set to false there'll be no + if there are no childrenFor better performance with the following example, you can choose to load the ui-grid.core.js and specific feature files instead:
<script src="/release/ui-grid.core.min.js"></script> <script src="/release/ui-grid.tree-base.min.js"></script> <script src="/release/ui-grid.tree-view.min.js"></script>
In this example most of the data is loaded on initial page load. The nodes under Guerrero Lopez, however, are loaded only when that row is expanded. They have a 2 second delay to simulate loading from a server.


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Michael B. Jordan Offers First Look at Upcoming Tom Clancy Film 'Without Remorse'
Based on the novel of the same name.
by Jeff YeungActor Michael B. Jordan has just shared the first teaser for the upcoming film adaptation of Tom Clancy‘s novel Without Remorse, where he’ll play the lead role of John Clark, an ex-Navy SEAL who became a CIA operative, and even served as Jack Ryan’s bodyguard at one point.
Directed by Stefano Sollima, whose other works include Sicario: Day of the Soldado, and written by Taylor Sheridan, the film will follow the origin story of Tom Clancy’s second-most famous character, following Jack Ryan. The role was originally planned for Tom Hardy, but the deal subsequently fell through, and it went to Jordan instead. The character himself has actually been portrayed by several other actors such as Willem Dafoe, Liev Schreiber, and John Hoogenakker, but had never been the lead in any of those movies — until now.
Without Remorse is scheduled for release September 18, 2020. For the time being, check out its first teaser below.
Elsewhere in entertainment, a Joker sequel is apparently not being developed.


Content-type: text/html
Manpage of bmon
bmon
Section: Maintenance Commands (8)
Updated: Oct 27, 2004
Index
Return to Main Contents
NAME
bmon - Portable bandwidth monitor and rate estimator
SYNOPSIS
bmon
[
-awShV
] [
-i
<mod>
] [
-o
<mod>
] [
-I
<mod>
] [
-O
<mod>
]
[
-f
<path>
] [
-p
<policy>
] [
-r
<float>
] [
-s
<float>
]
DESCRIPTION
bmon is a portable bandwidth monitor with multiple input
methods and output modes. A set of architecture specific
input modules provide the core with the listof interfaces
and their counters. The core stores this counters and
provides rate estimation including a history over the last
60 seconds, minutes, hours and days to the output modules
which output them according to the configuration.
The set of counters is dependant on the input module and
may vary. Secondary input and output modules may be used
to collect counter values from other nodes or to write
HTML statistics. This input/output architecture minimizes
the work needed to port it to other architectures or
generate specific statistics.
OPTIONS
- -i
-
Set primary input module and its configuration. The
argument "list" will result in a list of available input
modules. See INPUT MODULES for more details.
- -o
-
Set primary output module and its configuration. The
argument "list" will result in a list of available output
modules. See OUTPUT MODULES for more details.
- -I
-
Set secondary input modules and their configuration.
The argument "list" will result in a list of available
secondary input modules.
- -O
-
Set secondary output modules and their configuration.
The argument "list" will result in a list of available
secondary output modules.
- -f
-
Set alternative configuration path.
- -p
-
Set interface acceptance policy. See INTERFACE SELECTION for
more details.
- -a
-
Include interfaces even if their status is down.
- -r
-
Set reading interval in which the input module will be
called. The default for this is one second. Should be less or
equal than 1 or a factor of it. Values not equal to 1 will
result in additional rate calculation with the read interval
as its unit.
- -s
-
Set sleeping interval between calls to output short
interval callbacks for interactive output modules. Changing
this can affect the variance of read intervals.
- -w
-
Enable signal driven output intervals. The output module will
only be invoked upon receiving of SIGUSR1. Use bmon -S - to
send the signal to a running bmon instance in signal driven mode.
- -S
-
Send SIGUSR1 to a running bmon instance. This arugment takes
either - which will result in invoking ps to find bmon
instances or a pid directly.
- -h
-
Prints a help text and exits.
- -V
-
Prints the version and exits.
INPUT MODULES
Input modules provide the core with interface statistics.
Two kinds of modules exist, primary and secondary input
modules. Their main difference is usage, there may be only
one primary module running at the same time while the number
of secondary input modules is not limited.
Every input module has a description, help text and list of
options available which can be seen by adding the option
"help" to the module options:
-
-
bmon -i netlink:help
See MODULE CONFIGURATION for mode details.
PRIMARY INPUT MODULES
- netlink (Linux)
-
Requires libnl and uses an rtnetlink to collect interface
statistics. This input module also provides statistics about
traffic control qdiscs and classes. It is the preferred
input module on Linux.
- kstat (SunOS)
-
Provides interface statistics on SunOS operating systems in
form of 32bit and 64bit counters. It is the preferred input
module on SunOS.
- sysctl (BSD, Darwin)
-
Provides interface statistics on BSD and Darwin operating
systems. Is is the preferred input module on any BSD
alike system.
- proc (Linux)
-
Provides interface statistics on Linux using the proc
filesystem (/proc/net/dev). It is one of the fallback
input modules on Linux and will work on nearly every
Linux kernel version.
- sysfs (Linux)
-
Provides interface statistics on Linux using the sys
filesystem (/sys/class/net/). It may be used together
with newer Linux kernel versions but has no real
advantage over the netlink input module. It caches
open file descriptors to speed it up and is used
as fallback method.
- netstat (POSIX)
-
Provides limited interface statistics on almost any
POSIX operating system by invoking netstat -i -a. Only
use this as last hope.
- dummy (any)
-
The purpose of the dummy input module is for testing. It
generates in either a static or randomized form.
- nulll (any)
-
Does not provide any interface statistics and thus can be
used to disable local interface collection.
SECONDARY INPUT MODULES
- distribution
-
Collects interface statistics from other nodes. It is the
counterpart of the secondary output module called distribution.
Its purpose is to distribute statistics in real time with
not too much bandwidth consumption itself. See DISTRIBUTION
for more details.
OUTPUT MODULES
Output modules are feeded with rate estimations and graphs
from the core and print them out to the configured output
device. Two kinds of modules exist, primary and secondary
output modules. Their main difference is usage, there may be
only one primary module running at the same time while the number
of secondary output modules is not limited.
Every output module has a description, help text and list of
options available which can be seen by adding the option
"help" to the module options:
-
-
bmon -o ascii:help
See MODULE CONFIGURATION for mode details.
PRIMARY OUTPUT MODULES
- ascii
-
The ascii output modules prints out the diagrams and
lists to standard output. The output format is highly
configurable and suits as vmstat alike tool for interface
statistics.
- curses
-
Interactive curses user interface providing real time rate
estimations and graphs. The default view is a list of all
interfaces grouped per node. The graphical history diagram
and a list of detailed counters may be enabled/disable
during runtime. Press '?' while the UI is running to see
the quick reference.
SECONDARY OUTPUT MODULES
- html
-
Writes all interface statistics and diagrams as HTML files including
a navigation menu for all nodes and their interfaces. The layout
can be easly changes by altering the stylesheet which will not be
overwritten.
- distribution (any)
-
Distributes all statistics over the network using an UDP based
statistic distribution protocol. The default configuration will
use the multicast address all-nodes but it may also be configured
so send to a unicast address.
MODULE CONFIGURATION
ARGUMENT ::= modulename:OPTS[,modulename:OPTS[,...]]
OPTS ::= OPTION[;OPTION[;...]]
OPTION ::= type[=value]
If you specify multiple primrary input or output modules the
first reported to be working module will be used.
If you specify multiple secondary input or output modules all
of them will get invoked.
DISTRIBUTION
Statistic distribution is a powerful method to spread the statistic
all over the network and make the available on every machine. The
advantage over web based statistic overviews and multi terminal
remote shell based solutions is its nearly realtime accuracy while
being lightweight and not polluting the network too much. The protocol
is UDP based and thus not reliable and optmized on size.
See include/bmon/distribution.h for the protocol specification.
DIAGRAM TYPES
You will find the following diagram types being used by all output
modules in some form:
- list
-
A list of interfaces including their byte and packets rate (bps/pps).
- graphical history diagram
-
A graph showing the history of a counter over the last 60 (read interval/
seconds/minutes/hours/days). The outer left column is the most recent
rate while the outer right column is the most outdated. The preferred
diagram to impress co-workers.
- detailed
-
Detailed counters such as error counters or other attributes assigned
to this interface. The list of attributes may very depending on the
input module and architecture of the host OS.
INTERFACE SELECTION
SELECTION ::= NAME[,NAME[,...]]
NAME ::= [!]interface
The interface name may contain the character '*' which will act as a wildcard and represents any
number of any character type, i.e. eth*, h*0, ...
- Examples:
-
-
lo,eth0,eth1
-
eth*,!eth0
CONFIGURATION FILE
Bmon will try and read configuration data from the following
files in the specified order: /etc/bmon.conf, $HOME/.bmonrc.
None of the above files will be read if the path to the
configuration file was specified using the -f option.
Configuration possibilities:
input <module configuration>
Specify primary input module (-i), see INPUT MODULES.
secondary_input <module configuration>
Specify secondary input modules (-I), see INPUT MODULES.
output <module configuration>
Specify primary output module (-o), see OUTPUT MODULES.
secondary_output <module configuration>
Specify secondary output modules (-O), see OUTPUT MODULES.
policy <policy>
Set interface acceptance policy (-p), see INTERFACE SELECTION.
read_interval <interval>
Set reading interval in which the input module will be called
(-r).
sleep_time <interval>
Set sleeping interval between calls to output short interval
callbacks for interactive output modules. (-s)
show_all
Include interface even if their status is down. (-a)
include <file>
Include file and read it as configuration file.
Color layouts
See COLOR LAYOUTS.
Bindings
See BIND INTERFACE.
COLOR LAYOUTS
The layout is used to specify the look'n'feel of the curses
output module. The color "default" represents the terminal
color which can be used to keep the background transparent
for transparent terminals.
Colors:
default, black, red, green, yellow, blue, magenta, cyan, white
Flags:
reverse
Layouts:
Default, Statusbar, Header, List, Selected,
Prototype:
Layout <name> <foreground> <background> <flags>
Example:
Layout Statusbar red black reverse
Feel free to submit patches extending the configurability using layouts.
BIND INTERFACE
The bind interface can be used to bind not yet assigned keys to
shell scripts. It currently works in the curses output module but
it might be ported to other output modules in the future. The interface
name of the currently selected interface is provided to the script
via the first argument.
Prototype:
Bind <key> <Executable>
Example:
bind D /sbin/intf_down.sh
EXAMPLES
To run bmon in curses mode monitoring the interfaces eth0
and eth1:
-
bmon -i eth0,eth1 -o curses
To run bmon in acii mode printing the detailed diagram
with fixed y-axis unit:
-
bmon -o 'ascii:diagram=detailed;ynit=kb'
To run bmon in signal driven mode drawing the graphical
diagram with customized drawing characters and fixed x
and y axis:
-
bmon -s -o 'ascii:diagram=graph;fgchar=#;bgcar=_;xunit=min'
To run bmon with no primrary output (daemon) but
distribute the statistic over the network:
-
bmon -o null -O distribution
To run bmon collecting local and remote statistics and
show it in curses mode:
-
bmon -I distribution:multicast -o curses
To build a relay and collect remote statistic and send
them to a unicast address while ignoring errors because
the destination is not available:
-
bmon -i null -I distribution:multicast -o null -O 'distribution:ip=<IP_ADDRESS>;errignore;forward'
To collect local statistics and those from the whole
network and generate a HTML page out of the those
statistics:
-
bmon -I distribution:multicast -o null -O html:path=/var/istats/
KNOWN ISSUES
The curses output modules doesn't work properly on NetBSD < 2.0 because getch() cannot be set to be non-blocking.
sysctl input segfaults on sparc64 OpenBSD.

Time: 18:57:51 GMT, August 22, 2012


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