Company profile - Canadian Company Capabilities
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Papp International Inc.
Legal Name:
Papp International Inc.
Operating Name:
Beaver Books Publishing
Alternate Name:
Beaver Books Publishing
Mailing Address:
177 Mérizzi StSAINT-LAURENT, Quebec
H4T 1Y3
Location Address:
177 Mérizzi StSAINT-LAURENT, Quebec
H4T 1Y3
Tel.:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Company Profile
At Beaver Books Publishing, we've been designing and producing original educational products for children that combine quality and fun since 2004.
Our mission is creating books and resources that:
Keep children engaged as they learneducation should be an adventure!
Help parents and educators feel supported and excited as they teach kidsvia top-notch materials that never neglect the fun factor.
We're based in Montreal, Canada, with a sales and distribution center in Nashville, TN. Our customersparents, teachers, school administrators and boards, as well as corporate clientsare in dozens of countries across the world.
Beaver Books is a division of PAPP International Inc., a privately held Canadian corporation that offers a wide range of printed products for all ages. In addition to its many retail products, PAPP (Publishing and Printed Products) offers content development services to companies in many industries, and specializes in developing customized promotional products.
Full profile
Full profile
Contact information
Company description
454111 - Internet Shopping
519130 - Internet Publishing and Broadcasting, and Web Search Portals
611710 - Educational Support Services
Product / Service / Licensing
Some of our products include:
Educational workbooks
Quiz books
Box games
Activity books
Wipe clean books and boards
365 day desk calendar pads
Childrens Reference books
Original printed promotional items
We also welcome enquiries from companies that require professional printing services and content development. While we specialize in childrens products we are capable of working with professional in any field to provide printing solutions that surpass expectations.
Sector information
Distribution of employees:
Quebec and Ontario, USAKey / Major clients:
Wal- Mart Canada, Dollarama, Staples- Business Depot, Loblaws, Dollar Tree,Testimonial:
THANK YOU, Beaver Books for making your books affordable! We don't have a lot of money and we home educate our children. I can't download and print quality pages like this for the same price! The kids loved choosing books at the dollar tree! I made them put some back because they had already worked those books, but they asked, "Can't we have them just for FUN?"  Actually, you're books are BETTER than any of the pricier workbooks. OTHER workbooks only have 1 work-page per lesson! Your series allows my children to become adept at a skill before moving on. I can't say enough good things (but I WILL - to others - and I hope they will buy your books and benefit, too).Jennifer
I just wanted to let you know how wonderful your educational materials are. I am a former teacher who is currently tutoring primary children. Your workbook series is a great follow up (and extra homework) to lessons I have worked on with the children. They have been helpful in reinforcing the skills I have taught. The children enjoy working in their books and look forward to receiving new ones. Most of my students are ESL (English as a Second Language) students and their parents find the books very easy to follow and complete. Most important of all, your materials are very affordable. Thank you very much for producing such quality products and making them accessible to all. Please continue the great work and we look forward to seeing more new materials in the very new future.
Kind regards
Susie M., former teacher
My name is Tara Jones and I have read my daughter the following books: My Mommy is a Number, My Grandpa is an Owl, My Sister is a Snake, and My Baby Brother is a Werewolf. Thanks for your books. She loves them and wants to read them over and over!
Hi,
I just bought a couple of your wipe clean books and they are awesome. My little girl is only 3-1/2 and traced the letters right away in the alphabet book. Thanks for making these so affordable. You must love children as much as we do.
Leslie
Hi! I am a homeschooling parent of two children (age 8). They are both dyslexic. They were in a mainstream school until October 2004 and getting nowhere fast resulting in poor skills and morale!
We have been following the Canadian Dyslexic Simultaneous Multisensory Program which is a great program. It is however, a dry program. I have been looking for additional materials to compliment it which would be affordable and fun. ...... VOILA! Beaver Books hits of all places the $ store. Thank you for having inexpensive great workbooks. My girls love the funny drawings, jokes and of course the fast-pace one pagers.
Im excited about your new series (division, multiplication, phonics and stories wow!) and congratulate you on a great product!
Should you need a tester of materials, please count me in! I know of many homeschoolers with a wide range of age and skill levels who would be more then happy to review.
Nice to see a Canadian company producing great work! Keep it up!
Sue DeRochie
Summerstown, ON
Hello Beaver Books.
I was walking through my local dollar store and I came across your books. I was amazed. I bought all of them !!!! I am in college right now studying to be an Education Assistant. I will be working with children who have difficulties in school. When I saw the books I knew that they would be handy to use and perfect for the children. Especially the wipe clean activity books. I wanted to say that your books will become very handy to me and I will refer my fellow classmates to your website and the store where I purchased the books. I want to say thank you and good luck with the future. I hope to see more Beaver Books on the shelves :)
A Future Education Assistant and purchaser of your books,
Lesley
To whom it may concern,
Hello, my name is Joseph Caskey and I am a Kindergarten teacher at Hunters Creek Elementary School in Jacksonville North Carolina. I have just begun my second year of teaching this past Friday and am very excited to try out new ideas this year.
Recently, I purchased 3 of your workbooks (1.Printing Fun: for all ages; 2.Fun with Math: Grade K; 3.Phonics: Pre K-K). The contents of these books are wonderful and I believe they would be an asset in my classroom. I am writing to see if it would be possible to have permission to reproduce the sheets contained in these books for use in my classroom. If this is not a possibility I would still like to thank you for your time in addition to putting out such wonderful books. Education is a necessity and I believe that your company is a great tool for educators, parents and children.
Thank you for your time!
Joseph Caskey
To Whom It May Concern:
I just bought two books from your company (Skills booster Fun with Math and Skills booster Fun with Reading) at a Dollar Tree Store. I am a classroom teacher in the Los Angeles Unified School District in California. I bought the books because I thought they were great resource materials for my first grade class I will be teaching in September.
Thank You!
Elsa
Third-Party Information Liability Disclaimer
Some of the information on this Web page has been provided by external sources. The Government of Canada is not responsible for the accuracy, reliability or currency of the information supplied by external sources. Users wishing to rely upon this information should consult directly with the source of the information. Content provided by external sources is not subject to official languages, privacy and accessibility requirements.
Contacts
Contact information
Description
Company description
454111 - Internet Shopping
519130 - Internet Publishing and Broadcasting, and Web Search Portals
611710 - Educational Support Services
Products, services and licensing
Product / Service / Licensing
Some of our products include:
Educational workbooks
Quiz books
Box games
Activity books
Wipe clean books and boards
365 day desk calendar pads
Childrens Reference books
Original printed promotional items
We also welcome enquiries from companies that require professional printing services and content development. While we specialize in childrens products we are capable of working with professional in any field to provide printing solutions that surpass expectations.
Sector
Sector information
Distribution of employees:
Quebec and Ontario, USAKey / Major clients:
Wal- Mart Canada, Dollarama, Staples- Business Depot, Loblaws, Dollar Tree,Testimonial:
THANK YOU, Beaver Books for making your books affordable! We don't have a lot of money and we home educate our children. I can't download and print quality pages like this for the same price! The kids loved choosing books at the dollar tree! I made them put some back because they had already worked those books, but they asked, "Can't we have them just for FUN?"  Actually, you're books are BETTER than any of the pricier workbooks. OTHER workbooks only have 1 work-page per lesson! Your series allows my children to become adept at a skill before moving on. I can't say enough good things (but I WILL - to others - and I hope they will buy your books and benefit, too).Jennifer
I just wanted to let you know how wonderful your educational materials are. I am a former teacher who is currently tutoring primary children. Your workbook series is a great follow up (and extra homework) to lessons I have worked on with the children. They have been helpful in reinforcing the skills I have taught. The children enjoy working in their books and look forward to receiving new ones. Most of my students are ESL (English as a Second Language) students and their parents find the books very easy to follow and complete. Most important of all, your materials are very affordable. Thank you very much for producing such quality products and making them accessible to all. Please continue the great work and we look forward to seeing more new materials in the very new future.
Kind regards
Susie M., former teacher
My name is Tara Jones and I have read my daughter the following books: My Mommy is a Number, My Grandpa is an Owl, My Sister is a Snake, and My Baby Brother is a Werewolf. Thanks for your books. She loves them and wants to read them over and over!
Hi,
I just bought a couple of your wipe clean books and they are awesome. My little girl is only 3-1/2 and traced the letters right away in the alphabet book. Thanks for making these so affordable. You must love children as much as we do.
Leslie
Hi! I am a homeschooling parent of two children (age 8). They are both dyslexic. They were in a mainstream school until October 2004 and getting nowhere fast resulting in poor skills and morale!
We have been following the Canadian Dyslexic Simultaneous Multisensory Program which is a great program. It is however, a dry program. I have been looking for additional materials to compliment it which would be affordable and fun. ...... VOILA! Beaver Books hits of all places the $ store. Thank you for having inexpensive great workbooks. My girls love the funny drawings, jokes and of course the fast-pace one pagers.
Im excited about your new series (division, multiplication, phonics and stories wow!) and congratulate you on a great product!
Should you need a tester of materials, please count me in! I know of many homeschoolers with a wide range of age and skill levels who would be more then happy to review.
Nice to see a Canadian company producing great work! Keep it up!
Sue DeRochie
Summerstown, ON
Hello Beaver Books.
I was walking through my local dollar store and I came across your books. I was amazed. I bought all of them !!!! I am in college right now studying to be an Education Assistant. I will be working with children who have difficulties in school. When I saw the books I knew that they would be handy to use and perfect for the children. Especially the wipe clean activity books. I wanted to say that your books will become very handy to me and I will refer my fellow classmates to your website and the store where I purchased the books. I want to say thank you and good luck with the future. I hope to see more Beaver Books on the shelves :)
A Future Education Assistant and purchaser of your books,
Lesley
To whom it may concern,
Hello, my name is Joseph Caskey and I am a Kindergarten teacher at Hunters Creek Elementary School in Jacksonville North Carolina. I have just begun my second year of teaching this past Friday and am very excited to try out new ideas this year.
Recently, I purchased 3 of your workbooks (1.Printing Fun: for all ages; 2.Fun with Math: Grade K; 3.Phonics: Pre K-K). The contents of these books are wonderful and I believe they would be an asset in my classroom. I am writing to see if it would be possible to have permission to reproduce the sheets contained in these books for use in my classroom. If this is not a possibility I would still like to thank you for your time in addition to putting out such wonderful books. Education is a necessity and I believe that your company is a great tool for educators, parents and children.
Thank you for your time!
Joseph Caskey
To Whom It May Concern:
I just bought two books from your company (Skills booster Fun with Math and Skills booster Fun with Reading) at a Dollar Tree Store. I am a classroom teacher in the Los Angeles Unified School District in California. I bought the books because I thought they were great resource materials for my first grade class I will be teaching in September.
Thank You!
Elsa


--- layout: post date: 2011-09-01 time: "09:00:00" authors: ["Greg Wilson"] title: Renting Cycles Has Never Been Easier (For Some Definition of 'Easier') tags: ["Noticed"] ---
This video, titled "Building an AWS Cluster in 10 Minutes", is both inspiring and depressing: inspiring, because you really can set up a cheap supercomputer for almost no money in just a few minutes, and depressing, because it's effectively out of reach for most scientists, who won't understand the terms being thrown around (certainly not well enough to get themselves out of trouble if anything goes wrong). The good news is, Titus Brown's course has shown that scientists can get from zero to cluster in just two (full-time) weeks.


Depth: 1200mm
X
Emulator
The emulator was built to simulate user input received from the Kinect. This enables developers to build Admo apps withouthaving someone dance in front of a Kinect, or even without having a Kinect plugged in. Refer to explanatory index below to use the emulator
Phases
The selected phase refers to the state of user detection.-Phase 1 is active when no one is in view.-Phase 2 is active is when something or someone is in view. The Kinect is detecting something in the depth field, but can’t detect a skeletal structure. The only input received from the Kinect in this phase is the user’s head coordinate.-Phase 3 is active if someone is in view and the skeletal structure of the person is detected.
Simulated Input
The mouse can be used to simulate input such as an user’s head or hands. This can be done by selecting the appropriate button on the right hand side and moving the mouse cursor across the iframe. This will then simulate the selected body part the X-Y axes. The selected body part can be simulate on the Z-axis by changing the depth value. It is also possible to simulate a swipe gesture by clicking on either the Swipe Left or Swipe Right button. These buttons will only be active when the phase 3 is active.
Real Input
In order to receive real Kinect data inside the emulator, the gesture engine needs to be running on the same machine on which the emulator is running. If the gesture engine is running you’ll be able to click on the Kinect button to toggle between the Kinect data and simulated data.
X
Keyboard Shortcuts
| Left hand | - | 1 |
| Right hand | - | 2 |
| Head | - | 3 |
| Swipe left | - | ← |
| Swipe right | - | → |


Spark Presentation
How does it work?
Hot Keys & Actions
The Actions Categories
Creating Simple Keys
Creating Custom Keys
Items Browser
Backup Spark Library
Export Spark Items
Release Notes


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load widget_tweaks %} {% block title %} Entrar | {{ block.super }}{% endblock %} {% block container %}
But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system. and expound the actual teachings of the great.
Crie uma conta


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{% extends 'main/_base.html' %} {% load static %} {% block title %} Bill Features {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Bills are analyzed each month to provide useful insights such as bill predictions
Keep on top of your bills and make sure that they are paid. Roomscout will automatically notify house members when a new bill is added. Pick between notifying roommates when a bill is added or notifying at the end of the month.


CHILDRENS MUCINEX MINI-MELTS COUGH- dextromethorphan hydrobromide and guaifenesin granule
Reckitt Benckiser
Disclaimer: Most OTC drugs are not reviewed and approved by FDA, however they may be marketed if they comply with applicable regulations and policies. FDA has not evaluated whether this product complies.
| Active ingredients (in each packet) |
Purpose |
| Dextromethorphan HBr 5 mg |
Cough suppressant |
| Guaifenesin 100 mg |
Expectorant |
Uses
- helps loosen phlegm (mucus) and thin bronchial secretions to rid the bronchial passageways of bothersome mucus and make coughs more productive
- temporarily relieves:
- cough due to minor throat and bronchial irritation as may occur with the common cold or inhaled irritants
- the intensity of coughing
- the impulse to cough to help you get to sleep
Warnings
Do not use if you are now taking a prescription monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) (certain drugs for depression, psychiatric, or emotional conditions, or Parkinson's disease), or for 2 weeks after stopping the MAOI drug. If you do not know if your prescription drug contains an MAOI, ask a doctor or pharmacist before taking this product.
Ask a doctor before use if you have
- persistent or chronic cough such as occurs with smoking, asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema
- cough that occurs with too much phlegm (mucus)
Stop use and ask a doctor if cough lasts more than 7 days, comes back, or occurs with fever, rash, or persistent headache. These could be signs of a serious illness.
If pregnant or breast-feeding, ask a healthcare professional before use.
Keep out of reach of children. In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.
Directions
- empty entire contents of packet onto tongue and swallow
- for best taste, do not chew granules
- do not take more than 6 doses in any 24-hour period
| Age |
Dose |
| adults and children 12 years and over |
2 to 4 packets every 4 hours |
| children 6 years to under 12 years |
1 to 2 packets every 4 hours |
| children 4 years to under 6 years |
1 packet every 4 hours |
| children under 4 years |
do not use |
Other information
- each packet contains: magnesium 6 mg and sodium 3 mg
-
phenylketonurics: contains phenylalanine 2 mg per packet
- store between 20-25°C (68-77°F)
- tamper evident: do not use if carton is open or if packets are torn or open
Inactive ingredients
aspartame, butylated methacrylate copolymer, carbomer homopolymer type A, creme flavor, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, orange flavor, povidone, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sorbitol, stearic acid, talc, triethyl citrate
Questions?
1-866-MUCINEX(682-4639)
You may also report side effects to this phone number.
Dist. by: Reckitt Benckiser
Parsippany, NJ 07054-0224
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 12 Packet Carton
NDC 63824-256-12
Children's
Mucinex®
Cough
Expectorant
Cough Suppressant
Guaifenesin 100 mg / Dextromethorphan HBr 5 mg
mini-melts™
✓ Cough
✓ Chest Congestion
✓ Breaks up Mucus
Orange Creme
Flavor
12 GRANULE PACKETS


PAYBACK *½ (out of four) -a review by Bill Chambers<EMAIL_ADDRESS>)
(Come with me to the casbah--Film Freak Central: http://filmfreakcentral.net )
starring Mel Gibson, Gregg Henry, Maria Bello, Kris Kristofferson screenplay by Brian Helgeland and Terry Hayes, based on the novel "The Hunter" by Richard Stark directed by Brian Helgeland
Ladies and gentlemen, Payback is the most expensive episode of "The Equalizer" I've ever seen.
Gibson plays Porter, a burglar shot and left for dead by his wife (Deborah Kara Unger, in an all-too-brief cameo) and partner (Henry) after a successful heist. As a morgue attendant sets about removing the bullets from Porter's back, Porter miraculously springs back to life. He makes it his mission, as a walking dead man without a conscience, to exact revenge on those who screwed him and reclaim his share of the loot. (In a running gag, Porter demands $70 000, but everybody mishears him and assumes he's after the entire $130 000 haul.) In his travels (or travails), Porter encounters several other one-named villainous cretins like Fairfax (James Coburn as a white-haired, millionaire thief) and Carter (Kristofferson, as a brown-haired, millionaire thief-the kingpin of the obligatory "operation").
Helgeland's film (which was recut by Mel the Producer) is devoid of an imperative dime store charm. The novelty of seeing a big movie star mercilessly dispatching criminals wears off quickly: a) because the bad guys can only be differentiated by their coifs, and b) because Mel's schtick doesn't evolve from act one-he's The Terminator stranded in a plot without a sci-fi hook to keep us interested after the initial sadistic thrill is gone. Payback should have been called Playback: it's a 102-minute loop of the same short sequence. (Mel: "I want my money." Anonymous Villain: "No." Mel shoots gun. Anonymous villain dies. Mel meets up with his hooker friend (Bello). Second verse, same as the first.) It's not Porter's single-mindedness that robs the film of snap, crackle, and pop; as a character who has already "died" once, he has nothing to lose and so much to gain. The movie lacks danger. The only thing Porter is in jeopardy of is putting the audience to sleep.
Payback has a gritty, metallic look to it that also becomes monotonous; its cinematography would be more appropriate in one of those bleak urban psychodramas that come out of England every couple of months. (Director of photography Ericson Core should have been fired early on for lighting Bello, so va-va-va-voom in Permanant Midnight, to look like a potato in a Gregg Allman wig.)
To analyze such mediocrity is to grant Payback far more attention than it deserves. Perhaps only someone as experienced with antagonists-as-protagonists as Tarantino-look what he did with the similar hero-less botched-robbery tale Reservoir Dogs-could have pulled off this material (a loose remake of John Boorman's Point Blank). The movie presents us with the conventions of pulp fiction (all women are femme fatales; even the cops are in on it, etc.) and crosses them with the conventions of cheesy TV crime melodramas (death is never in the cards for the main character, etc.) but transcends neither.
-February, 1999
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./komodod -ac_name=ZAWY24 -ac_adaptivepow=1 -ac_supply=1000000 -ac_reward=10000000000 -ac_cc=2 -addnode=<IP_ADDRESS> &
A channel to discuss mining. For useful links and more info click the pinned messages to the right.
100 messages
Before 05-Dec-19 12:00 AM
jl777c10-Aug-19 04:44 PM
why cant it be >= solvetime more than past block
if only the hash is made a bit smaller based on tipdiff, it doesnt allow grinding
as solvetime is not affected
zawy10-Aug-19 04:46 PM
Hash affects ST which affects VDFout
hash = RandValue / (UTXO qty)
jl777c10-Aug-19 04:47 PM
how?
maybe the next solvetime
zawy10-Aug-19 04:47 PM
Yes, that's the grinding attack...increases chances for next block
jl777c10-Aug-19 04:48 PM
hash = RandValue /( (UTXO qty)*f(tipdiff))
how can changing tipdiff allow grinding, the hash just gets smaller and smaller. it either wins or doesnt
if it wins, getting smaller wont make it win anymore. and you would submit the first timestamp that wins
entropy source is not affected by the timestamp directly
VDFout is unchanged
zawy10-Aug-19 04:50 PM
It seems if he wins by 10 seconds, then he can choose 10 different solvetimes
jl777c10-Aug-19 04:50 PM
but the timestamp goes into the block and doesnt change the txid
using the utxo txid allows grinding
zawy10-Aug-19 04:50 PM
Changes VDFout
jl777c10-Aug-19 04:50 PM
no, i am saying that the calculated solvetime is not changed
just the hash calculation of whether it is lower than bnTarget
nothing else changes
indirectly if the DAA is using timestamps, maybe you can affect things, but make the DAA use the solvetime that is calculated
that avoids the grinding via indirect timestamp changing to change the next solvetime
but there is risk to delaying the timestamp
as you need to wait longer due to small FTL and can easily lose the block
this does also spread out the timing of submissions
it also allows nodes that cant calculate VDF within solvetime to still have a chance
maybe its not a big deal
zawy10-Aug-19 04:54 PM
if he gets an improbaby fast solve with tipdiff then he can run 10 different VDFs for 10 different tipdiffs going into future by 1 second each, risking no one else with a solve in next 10 seconds. He gets 10x more opportunity in next block
jl777c10-Aug-19 04:54 PM
but i am saying that there is only a SINGLE valid VDF solvetime
only a single valid VDF that is not based on tipdiff
zawy10-Aug-19 04:55 PM
OK, then what is the tipdiff-affected hash being used for if not to reduce the solvetime?
jl777c10-Aug-19 04:56 PM
changes an otherwise losing hash to a winning one
this also allows to adapt to large changes in amount staking
at least large drops
the VDF Solvetime is not changed
only whether a hash wins or not is changed by tipdiff
i guess this will affect the next solvetime if you use timestamps to calculate that, but i am saying ignore the timestamp, only use the "VDF Solvetime" for the DAA
make the tipdiff not affect the next Solvetime, nor the current VDF
Make the hash harder than ST requires? Validator is checking both VDF and tipdiff?
jl777c10-Aug-19 05:06 PM
make the hash solve gradually harder and harder bnTarget, so over time the hash used becomes smaller and smaller
yes all nodes would need to verify the VDF has the right solvetime and that the modified hash did indeed solve the bnTarget
zawy10-Aug-19 05:07 PM
There would be a DA for the VDF and a DA for the tipdiff hash?
jl777c10-Aug-19 05:09 PM
no, just DA for VDF
well maybe that wont work quite right
i guess torn between preventing grinding and precise DA
zawy10-Aug-19 05:10 PM
I thought my idea here to let block-winner set a conversion between VDF and realtime is probably ideal...we sort of need to know that value directly and it prevents the grinding.
slowly set with 0.01% change per block
More generally, I want the stakers to have more control of coin parameters than devs(edited)
jl777c10-Aug-19 05:11 PM
that gets into powers not available for using VDF-PoS in an existing blockchain
which is the first step that makes sense to do
zawy10-Aug-19 05:11 PM
they can react to market and real world conditions
jl777c10-Aug-19 05:12 PM
with tipdiff making otherwise losing hashes win, pretty sure we can get pretty immediate very close to realtime timestamps
zawy10-Aug-19 05:12 PM
I don't understand this
not available for using VDF-PoS in an existing blockchain
jl777c10-Aug-19 05:13 PM
existing chains are not setup to change chainparams with every block
i guess i can add that as anything can eventually be done, but it would be more work to do just that, than everything else combined
zawy10-Aug-19 05:17 PM
To get the all-important constant value without fiat, stakers need to set difficulty for the POW to mine coins in self-hashing txns. Being able to surive 51% without BTC like my scheme is supposed to do is good, but the real power is if it can be made stable value without fiat.....a big experiment to see if stakers will act to get constant value as I hope. Speculation greatly reduced, merchants not needing to worry about price fluctuations.
jl777c10-Aug-19 05:18 PM
i solved stable coins using a different method
zawy10-Aug-19 05:18 PM
Everyone can join now, or later, and rent mining equipement to get any amount of coin.
Ok, tell me your method
jl777c10-Aug-19 05:19 PM
decentralized so users decide when to issue more coins, or when to take coins out of circulation
it is in #cc-pegs channel, a page up from current is a decent description of it
i dont think the VDF-PoS needs to be conflated with stable coin, that seems an independent thing that can be done regardless of mining algo
of course, even if they are independent, they can always be combined
i also have a way to get DTO (decentralized trustless oracle) so we can force the chain to adjust to actual fiat values
Trustless oracles are quite a difficult problem, at least it was until I came up with a simple method that implements them.
zawy10-Aug-19 05:26 PM
a peg.....I'm talking about not having a peg to anything other than constant real-world cost to mine... not in dollars but in whatever buyers and sellers think constant value means, assuming stakers act in the best interest of stable value. If moore's law were constant or predictable, I would not need the stakers to act as an oracle of current mining costs.
jl777c10-Aug-19 05:27 PM
not sure, interesting idea, but it seems small holders would vote to increase, but large ones to decrease to protect their existing stake
VEO is a coin that had the miners vote on blockreward
it rapidly went to the smallest amount and it only has 60,000 supply
zawy10-Aug-19 05:31 PM
Does its price on an exchange keep a more stable value?
jl777c10-Aug-19 05:32 PM
no, as volatile as any other crypto
but they werent instructed to peg to a fiat, their self interest made them shrink the reward
zawy10-Aug-19 05:38 PM
There can be many coins using this scheme, but only ones with constant value should gain in popularity. So current miners in VEO must also be large stakers. I need to take a good look at VEO. Even if it is not a perdictor of how my scheme would go, it's a valuable data point in understanding feedback
jl777c10-Aug-19 05:38 PM
it is a PoW coin, but has the concept of miners voting on rewards
but this is why i think it makes sense to separate out the various parts of your proposed DAG
zawy10-Aug-19 05:39 PM
Yes but it's not clear to me that my idea would work out any different.
jl777c10-Aug-19 05:39 PM
each can be tested and tuned in isolation
this is why i suggested using DTO to force it to match some sort of fiat value
zawy10-Aug-19 05:41 PM
Yeah, for sure, if it's hard (or pointless as in the VEO case) to do staker-directed emission, then I can have a normal emission schedule and two difficulties...1 for VDF-POS and 1 for POW. Can you do self-hashing transactions?
Self-hashing txns and a simple DAG seem like thay would have enormous interest.
Automatically no pool
jl777c10-Aug-19 05:42 PM
i already have a -ac_txpow mode where each tx needs to have a txid that starts and ends with 0x00
so that needs average of 65536 signatures
takes about 20 seconds to a minute depending on system
zawy10-Aug-19 05:46 PM
I think self-hashing txn is the best idea even if it's not as important. It just seems way cool that anyone could turn on a machine, any machine , and have a little coin they can trade. in a ittle while......except there needs to be a min limit the due to too many txns..... that would be automatic if there is a fee per byte in txns that exponentially increases as blocks get near a limit.
jl777c10-Aug-19 05:47 PM
what i have is just an additional constraint on spending, you still need to get the coins in the first place
if you are talking about each selfhashed tx getting some new coins issued, that would be new code.
zawy10-Aug-19 05:49 PM
The difficulty for POW in the header would be in units of "coin per hash" instead of 1/hashes required.
The miner needs to know about what block he'll be finished in and he sets a target and then finds the nonce. The actual hash isn't needed as there's no chain for coin distribution.
jl777c10-Aug-19 05:51 PM
crypto signatures are a good CPU algo as i am not aware of any ASIC for it, actually not even sure if GPU can speed it up that much, but not sure
this can be simulated in an existing coin with a special CC that awards coins from the premine to each tx
that would be the only way the premine could be spent
zawy10-Aug-19 05:52 PM
The POW for coin creation should be the opposite of POW for consensus: it must waste electricity as much as possible. Consensus nedes all the expense in the value of the equipment.(edited)
Ideally it will be rentable in an open market.....available to everyone at the same rate.....all the better if this also happens to be what a CPU can do


The web is a network of computers that exists as a collection of hubs. A computer will send a http request to a server, which then finds an appropraite html document and returns it to the user's computer thorugh a browser.
html = hyper text markup languagehtml documents are composed of elements. We instruct the webpage to incorporate elements through the use of tags.
Inline vs block elementshtml elements are either inline or block. Block elements form an invisible block around them, so will reflect more detail in text arrangements.


|
Changjian Xie
Short Bio
I am a Ph.D. student at Soochow University under the supervision of Prof. Jingrun Chen. I obtained my Bachelor degree in BS from Hefei Normal University at Anhui Province, China.
News I
[09-19-2019] Contributed paper submitted to CSIAM 2019.
[06-10-2019] I attended “the Workshop on Mathematical and Numerical Analysis of Electronic Structure Models held” in Suzhou, China.
[06-09-2019] The paper entitled “Second-order semi-implicit projection methods for micromagnetics simulations” submitted to Journal of Computational Physics.
[05-26-2019] The paper entitled “Two improved Gauss-Seidel projection methods for Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation” submitted to Journal of Computational Physics.
[05-15-2019] The paper entitled “Convergence Analysis of A Second-order Semi-implicit Projection Method for Landau-Lifshitz Equation” submitted to Applied Numerical Mathematics.
[12-07-2018] I won the Outstanding winner at JSIAM 2018.
[06-04-2018] I attended “the International Workshop on Computational Mathematics 2018” held in Suzhou, China.
Education
Ph.D., School of Mathematical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China, Sep. 2016 - Present
B.S., School of Mathmatics and Statistics, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, China, Sep. 2012 - Jul. 2016
Research Interests
Micomagnetics Simulations
Numerical Analysis on PDEs
Machine Learning and It's Applications to Solve the High Dimensional PDEs
Optimal Transport
Deep Learning
Optimization on the Micromagnetics
Multiscale Methods of Elliptic Problems
Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Algorithms on the Electronic Structure Calculations
Density Functional Theory
|


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gui_helper¶
author: Arne Hoelter
Functions that help to organize the main and display in the GUI. The functions do not directly correspond to a specific page in the GUI. They are typically called by several functions / callbacks of the main script.
-
gui_helper.
get_p_axis_rng
(p, plt_ranges, p_equal_axis)[source]¶ Sets the range and the scaling of the venue slice plot
p
. The scaling depends on the user selection in CheckBoxGroup widgetp_equal_axis
and called byscale_p_axis
.- Parameters
p (fig [out]) – Venue slice figure.
plt_ranges (obj [in]) – Contains the ranging data.
p_equal_axis (obj [in]) – CheckBoxGroup widget to select scaling type of
p
.
- Returns
- Return type
None.
-
gui_helper.
update_text
(text_obj, text)[source]¶ Set text in str-format to an object. The text will be displayed in the GUI. The text is usually an extra info or an error message, raised by an except case.
- Parameters
text_obj (obj [out]) – Object that contains text to display in the GUI.
text (str) – Text to display in the GUI.
- Returns
- Return type
None.
-
gui_helper.
venue_slice2CDS
(plt_venue_slice_1, plt_venue_slice_2, PALC_plots, Opt_arr)[source]¶ Stores venue slice data in a ColumnDataSource to plot the data in the venue slice plot any:p.
- Parameters
plt_venue_slice_1 (ColumnDataSource [out]) – First CDS to visualize the rays of the LSA cabinets to the venue.
plt_venue_slice_2 (ColumnDataSource [out]) – Second CDS to visualize the LSA cabinets.
PALC_plots (obj [in]) – Contains the plotting data.
Opt_arr (obj [in]) – Contains the data of the optimized LSA array by PALC.
- Returns
- Return type
None.


Class 05: Complete Search II
01-20-2020
“Keep it simple and straightforward”
There is a great variety of brute force problems. Lots of them are unique and it requires a lot of creativity in order to solve them, yet there is a great amount of them that can be solved with common strategies. In this class, we’ll discuss some of them:
- Fixing variables
- Simulation
- Weak constraints
- Case analysis
There are some kind of problems when you have some equations on \(m\) variables. Its usually a good idea to first try a brute force approach. Find the range of each of the variables, do a loop for each of them, then inside each loop you have the value of that variable fixed, now it is a constant. Moreover, when you have fixed \(m - 1\) of these variables its usually easy to compute what value the last variable should be. Evenmore, you have already solve one problem of this kind: Simple equations.
Now, let try to solve this problem.
Problem: You will receive \(n, a, b, c\) . You must find
\[|\{(x, y, z) \mid \\ 0 \leq x \leq a \land \\ 0 \leq y \leq b \land \\ 0 \leq z \leq c \land \\ \frac{x}{2} + y + 2 z = n \}|\]
\[1 \leq n \leq 10^4\] \[0 \leq a, b, c \leq 5000\]
Its easy to identify that the variables of the problem are \(x, y, z\) and if we fix two of these variable we can get the third one from the equation, so a brute force solution with two loops can solve the problem. Now, in order to choose what variables to fix, always prefer working with integers (you’ll understand better the reason of this in next classes), so we’ll fix \(y, z\) in \(O(b \cdot c)\).
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define all(A) begin(A), end(A)
#define rall(A) rbegin(A), rend(A)
#define sz(A) int(A.size())
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair <int, int> pii;
typedef vector <int> vi;
typedef vector <ll> vll;
int main () {
ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0);
int n, a, b, c;
cin >> n >> a >> b >> c;
int ans = 0;
for (int z = 0; z <= c; z++) {
for (int y = 0; y <= b; y++) {
int left = n - z * 2 - y;
if (left < 0) continue;
int x = left * 2;
if (x <= a) ans++;
}
}
cout << ans << '\n';
return (0);
}
You can practice with these problems:
- Cut Ribbon
- Economy Game
- Berry Jam
- Hot Bath (Challenge)
These kind of problems usually describes a pattern, recurrence formula or situation that you can compute easily.
For example, let’s begin solving this problem.
Problem: A humble number is a number whose only prime factors are \(2, 3, 5, 7\). You will receive a number \(n\) and you should output the n-th humble number.
\[1 \leq n \leq 5842\]
We need to compute \(S = \{2^i \cdot 3 ^j \cdot 5^k \cdot 7 ^l, \quad 0 \leq i, j, k, l \}\). Let’s say the maximum value we will compute is \(L\), then \(i, j, k, l = O(\log L)\). So, if we fix \(L\) we can compute the elements of \(S\) that are less than \(L\) in \(O(\log^4 L)\). We can try different values of \(L\) until we get more numbers than the maximum \(n\) in the input (take care of overflow).
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
int main () {
const ll L = 1e10;
vector <ll> arr;
for (ll two = 1; two < L; two *= 2) {
for (ll three = 1; three < L; three *= 3) {
for (ll five = 1; five < L; five *= 5) {
for (ll seven = 1; seven < L; seven *= 7) {
if (two >= L / three) break;
ll cur = two * three;
if (cur >= L / five) break;
cur *= five;
if (cur >= L / seven) break;
cur *= seven;
arr.push_back(cur);
}
}
}
}
sort(begin(arr), end(arr));
int n;
while (cin >> n) {
if (n == 0) break;
string pos;
if (n % 10 == 1 and (n / 10) % 10 != 1) pos = "st";
else if (n % 10 == 2 and (n / 10) % 10 != 1) pos = "nd";
else if (n % 10 == 3 and (n / 10) % 10 != 1) pos = "rd";
else pos = "th";
cout << "The " << n << pos << " humble number is " << arr[n - 1] << ".\n";
}
return (0);
}
Moreover, notice how \(two \cdot three \geq L\) may produce overflow but \(two \geq \frac{L}{three}\) will not.
You can practice with these problems:
In this kind of problem the statement usually looks difficult, but once you identify the search space you may realize that the number of possible solutions is small.
For example, let’s begin with this problem.
Problem: Find
\[|\{x \leq n \mid x - f(x) \geq s\}|\]
Where \(f(x) =\) sum of digits of \(x\).
\[1 \leq n, s \leq 10^{18}\]
At first glance, the problem looks difficult, yet we have
\[0 \leq f(x) \leq 9 \cdot 18\] \[\to x - 9 \cdot 18 \leq x - f(x) \leq 9 \cdot 18\]
So, we just need to search the answer in \([s, s + 9 \cdot 18]\). What happen with a number greater than \(s + 9 \cdot 18\) ?
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int MX_SUM = 9 * 18;
int sumOfDigits (ll num) {
int ret = 0;
while (num) ret += (num % 10), num /= 10;
return ret;
}
int main () {
ll n, s;
cin >> n >> s;
ll ans = 0, k;
for (k = s; k <= min(n, s + MX_SUM); k++) {
if (k - sumOfDigits(k) >= s) ans++;
}
ans += max(0LL, n - k + 1);
cout << ans << endl;
return (0);
}
The key of these kind of problems is to identify that the search space is small because of a property or that one of the variables of the input is small and we can try a brute force approach using it.
There are some problems that looks difficult, yet when you analyze the cases that can occur you realize that the problem simplify to something simple.
For example, let’s try this problem.
Problem: You are given an array \(a\) of \(n\) elements. Output two numbers \(i, j \mid a_i \not = a_j \land i < j\) such that when swapping \(a_i\) and \(a_j\) the array is not sorted (in increasing or decreasing order) or output -1 if no such pair or numbers exists.
\[1 \leq n \leq 10^5\]
A first idea would be to fix \(i, j\) with two loops and check if the condition holds. This solution is \(O(n^3)\), so it will give us a Time Limit Exceed veredict. We need something better.
Let’s analye by cases on the number of different elements.
Case 1: All the elements are equals
Then, the answer is -1.
Case 2: There are more than 2 different elements.
You can take three of these elements and you will find and answer with them (can you prove it?).
Case 3: There are exactly 2 different elements.
Let’s fix \(x = a_i\) and \(y = a_j\).
- Case 3.1: \(a_i < a_j\)
If we swap them, the array can not be in increasing order. If the array is not in decreasing order we have an answer, else the array will be of the form:
\[a_1 = y \geq a_2 \geq \dots \geq a_i \geq \dots \geq a_j \geq \dots \geq a_n =x\]
So, if there exists an answer, it must be in \([i, j)\) or \((i, j]\). Then, we just need to do the check for a pair of integers \((i, i + 1) \mid a_i < a_{i + 1}\).
- Case 3.2: \(a_i > a_j\)
If we swap them, the array can not be in decreasing order. If the array is not in increasing order we have an answer, else the array will be of the form:
\[a_1 = x \leq a_2 \leq \dots \leq a_i \leq \dots \leq a_j \leq \dots \leq a_n =y\]
So, if there exists an answer it must be in \([i, j)\) or \((i, j]\). Then, we just need to do the check for a pair of integers \((i, i + 1) \mid a_i > a_{i + 1}\).
Using all these cases we can implement a \(O(n \log n)\) solution.
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main () {
int n;
cin >> n;
set <int> values;
map <int, int> pos;
vector <int> a(n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
cin >> a[i];
pos[a[i]] = i;
values.insert(a[i]);
}
if (values.size() == 1) {
cout << -1 << '\n';
return (0);
}
vector <int> a_inc = a;
vector <int> a_dec = a;
sort(begin(a_inc), end(a_inc));
sort(begin(a_dec), end(a_dec));
reverse(begin(a_dec), end(a_dec));
if (values.size() > 2) {
vector <int> arr;
for (auto pp: pos) {
arr.push_back(pp.second);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < 3; j++) {
int x = arr[i];
int y = arr[j];
swap(a[x], a[y]);
if (a != a_inc and a != a_dec) {
cout << 1 + min(x, y) << ' ' << 1 + max(x, y) << '\n';
return (0);
}
swap(a[x], a[y]);
}
}
}
for (int i = 0; i + 1 < n; i++) {
if (a[i] < a[i + 1]) {
swap(a[i], a[i + 1]);
if (a != a_dec) {
cout << 1 + i << ' ' << 1 + i + 1 << '\n';
return (0);
}
swap(a[i], a[i + 1]);
break;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i + 1 < n; i++) {
if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
swap(a[i], a[i + 1]);
if (a != a_inc) {
cout << 1 + i << ' ' << 1 + i + 1 << '\n';
return (0);
}
swap(a[i], a[i + 1]);
break;
}
}
cout << -1 << '\n';
return (0);
}
You can practice with these problems:
- Shawarma Tent
- Interesting Subarray
- Divide by Three (Challenge)
Prefix sums is a simple technique, yet quite powerful.
Let’s show the technique with this problem.
Problem: You are given an array of \(N\) numbers and \(Q\) queries. Each query is a range \(l, r\). For each query output the sum of elements of the array in positions \([l, r]\).
Let \(prefix(x) = a_0 + a_1 + a_2 + \dots + a_x\) and \(prefix(-1) = 0\). Then:
\(\displaystyle\sum_{i=l}^{r}a_i = prefix(r) - prefix(l - 1)\)
So, we can compute \(prefix\) using an array and answer each query in \(O(1)\).
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
int n;
vector <ll> prefix;
ll get (int pos) {
if (pos == -1) return 0;
return prefix[pos];
}
int main () {
cin >> n;
prefix.resize(n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
int a;
cin >> a;
prefix[i] = a + get(i - 1);
}
int q;
cin >> q;
while (q--) {
int l, r;
cin >> l >> r;
cout << get(r) - get(l - 1) << '\n';
}
return (0);
}
You can practice with these problems:
Recommended readings:
- Notas de fuerza bruta
- PCUNI-2019 Clase 05
- Topcoder - Representation of integers and reals section 1
- Topcoder - Representation of integers and reals section 2
You can find the contest here.
A: Kaprekar Numbers
Kaprekar Numbers
You can preprocess the Kaprekar numbers in \([2, 40000]\) (there are only 19 of them). After that, you can answer each query quickly.
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define all(A) begin(A), end(A)
#define rall(A) rbegin(A), rend(A)
#define sz(A) int(A.size())
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair <int, int> pii;
typedef vector <int> vi;
typedef vector <ll> vll;
const int N = 4e4;
vi kaprekar;
bool isKaprekar (int n) {
string sq = to_string(n * n);
for (int i = 0; i + 1 < sz(sq); i++) {
int l = stoi(sq.substr(0, i + 1));
int r = stoi(sq.substr(i + 1));
if (0 < min(l, r) and l + r == n) return true;
}
return false;
}
void preprocess () {
for (int n = 2; n <= N; n++) {
if (isKaprekar(n)) {
kaprekar.pb(n);
}
}
}
int main () {
ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0);
preprocess(); // just 19 elements
int tc;
cin >> tc;
for (int t = 1; t <= tc; t++) {
int l, r;
cin >> l >> r;
vi ans;
for (int elem: kaprekar) {
if (l <= elem and elem <= r) {
ans.pb(elem);
}
}
if (t > 1) cout << '\n';
cout << "case #" << t << '\n';
if (ans.empty()) {
cout << "no kaprekar numbers\n";
} else {
for (int elem: ans) {
cout << elem << '\n';
}
}
}
return (0);
}
B: Schedule
Schedule
Just try every option.
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define all(A) begin(A), end(A)
#define rall(A) rbegin(A), rend(A)
#define sz(A) int(A.size())
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair <int, int> pii;
typedef vector <int> vi;
typedef vector <ll> vll;
int main () {
ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0);
int n;
cin >> n;
vector <pair <pii, int>> arr(n + 1);
arr[0] = mp(pii(0, 0), 0);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
arr[i].second = i;
cin >> arr[i].first.first >> arr[i].first.second;
}
sort(all(arr));
vi ans;
for (auto fix: arr) {
if (fix.second == 0) continue;
int prev = 0;
bool ok = true;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
if (arr[i] == fix) continue;
ok &= (arr[prev].first.second <= arr[i].first.first);
prev = i;
}
if (ok) ans.pb(fix.second);
}
sort(all(ans));
cout << sz(ans) << '\n';
for (int i = 0; i < sz(ans); i++) cout << ans[i] << " \n"[i == sz(ans) - 1];
return (0);
}
C: Ranges
Ranges
First, if you have this sum:
\[l + (l + 1) + (l + 2) + \dots + (r - 1) + (r)\]
You can compute it using:
\[\frac{r \cdot (r + 1)}{2} - \frac{(l - 1) \cdot l}{2}\]
Moreover, you notice that you can not process each query in \(O(N)\) because of the time limit, but using the above formula you can answer each query in \(O(U)\) and that is enough for the problem.
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define all(A) begin(A), end(A)
#define rall(A) rbegin(A), rend(A)
#define sz(A) int(A.size())
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair <int, int> pii;
typedef vector <int> vi;
typedef vector <ll> vll;
int main () {
ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0);
const ll MOD = 10000;
int n, u, q;
cin >> n >> u >> q;
vector <pii> update(u);
for (int i = 0; i < u; i++) cin >> update[i].first >> update[i].second;
auto get = [&] (ll x) {
return x * (x + 1) / 2;
};
while (q--) {
int l, r;
cin >> l >> r;
ll ans = 0;
for (auto pp: update) {
int L = max(pp.first, l);
int R = min(pp.second, r);
if (L <= R) {
ll x = L - pp.first + 1;
ll y = R - pp.first + 1;
ans += get(y) - get(x - 1);
ans %= MOD;
}
}
cout << ans << '\n';
}
return (0);
}
D: Classroom Watch
Classroom Watch
Let \(f(x) =\) sum of digits of \(x\).
For the constraints of the problem we have that \(0 \leq f(x) \leq 9 \cdot 9\). Then, we have:
\[\max(0, n - 9 \cdot 9) \leq x \leq n\]
So, our search space is very small, we can just try a brute force approach on this interval.
Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int sumOfDigits (int p) {
int ret = 0;
while (p) ret += (p % 10), p /= 10;
return ret;
}
int main () {
int n;
vector <int> ans;
cin >> n;
for (int p = max(0, n - 9 * 9); p <= n; p++) if (p + sumOfDigits(p) == n) ans.push_back(p);
cout << ans.size() << endl;
for (auto x: ans) cout << x << endl;
return (0);
}


fun playSound(soundType: SoundType): Long?
Plays a sound.
soundType - Sound to play
soundType
Return Sound handle.


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As an Officer, a warrior, in the Air Force, you’re tasked with upholding the constitution and protecting India’s freedom. The responsibility is huge, but its not only about work its also about living well.
Explore selection process to be an Indian Air Force Officer. Selection depends on how you perform in written tests, interviews, medical fitness test and All India merit list.
The Motto of Indian Air Force (Touch the sky with Glory) has been taken from eleventh chapter of the Gita, the Discourse given by Lord Krishna to Arjuna on the battlefield of Kurukshetra during the Great War of Mahabharata.
An officer is a member of an armed force or uniformed service who holds a position of authority. To be able to lead and control, requires the ability to motivate yourself, inspire others and make tough decisions efficiently.
Working in the Indian Air Force makes you strong enough and teaches you not to substitute words for actions, not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress and spur of difficulty and challenge, to learn to stand up in the storm. It gives you a temper of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigour of the emotions, a predominance of courage and an appetite for adventure over the love of ease.
Face The challenge...be the Airwarrior
Fly high by joining the flying branch of the IAF. You will be trained as a Fighter Pilot or a Helicopter Pilot or a Transport Pilot and are part of various peace and war time missions.
As an officer in the Ground Duty (Technical) Branch, you propel and manage your team to ensure that the Indian Air Force remains airworthy. You would be in charge of some of the most sophisticated equipment in the world by joining one of the sub branches based on your qualification.
Managing human and material resources, the Ground Duty (Non-technical) Branch is the mechanism that steers the Indian Air Force.
The valiant boys could be part of the Indian Air Force family by applying for NDA( National Defence Academy)
As a graduate, you can fly into a challenging and rewarding career in the Air Force by applying for the suitable branch. Depending upon your educational qualification, you could apply for different branches.
As a Post Graduate you can join as an Officer in Education and Meteorology branch.
For queries regarding AFCAT application, admit card and AFCAT centre, contact – AFCAT Cell
Tele:<PHONE_NUMBER>5 / 106
Tele Timings: Monday to Friday
9:30 am - 1 pm & 2 pm - 5:00 pm
As a graduate, you can fly into a challenging and rewarding career in the Air Force by applying for the suitable branch. Depending upon your educational qualification, you could apply for different branches.


All J&K school, colleges are open, healthcare facilities operational: Govt
There is 98 per cent attendance in schools and colleges, Minister of State for Home G Kishan Reddy said in a written statement to Rajya Sabha
by Press Trust of IndiaAll schools and colleges are now open in Jammu and Kashmir and there is 98 per cent attendance in these institutions, the government told Parliament on Wednesday.
It asserted that all hospitals and healthcare centres are also "fully" operational.
"Government of Jammu and Kashmir has reported that after initial restrictions, all the schools and colleges are now open in Jammu and Kashmir including the Kashmir valley," Minister of State for Home G Kishan Reddy said in a written statement to Rajya Sabha.
"Currently, the examinations for 10th and 12th standard are going on and there has been over 98 per cent attendance of students."
He added that there are no restrictions on movement of students in the valley.
"Further, all hospitals and health centres are open and all related medical services are fully functional," the minister said.


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PLANET SICK-BOY: http://www.sick-boy.com
Rarely does a film live up to its hype quite the way this one does. Blair Witch roared out of Sundance with buzz calling it the scariest movie ever made. I am prepared to not only back up that statement, but to add that it will likely be the scariest movie that will ever be made. At least in my lifetime. And I'm relatively young.
This isn't your average teen slasher flick with a cast raided from the ranks of the WB. Blair Witch is an extremely low-budget experiment by first-timers Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sánchez. Their premise is simple: Three student filmmakers venture into the woods near Burkitsville, Maryland to make a documentary about a local legend known as the Blair Witch. They are never seen again and what the viewer is watching is their film footage, which has just been recovered one year later.
Don't let the trailers fool you – only the last five seconds of them are culled from the film. The rest has all been added to make the incident seem more dramatic and real, which it's not. Well, it's not really real. The film you're watching is the actual film shot by these three kids. The directors sent them into the woods armed with a home video camera, a 16mm black-and-white camera and a DAT recorder, with only vague directions and no real idea of what might happen to them. So you see and hear everything that happens as it happens. It is more improvising then acting, and when these people are terrified, they are genuinely terrified.
The film begins slowly, but once it takes off, you'll be on the ride of your life. Blair Witch opens with the kids interviewing local residents of the small town about their knowledge of the legend. Then they venture off into the forest with the intention of spending a couple of days and nights filming a few of the places where the Blair Witch was reported to have wreaked havoc on innocent townsfolk that dared venture into her woods. They see the graves of several children, and they find the rock from which several fishermen reportedly disappeared.
The first night is uneventful – Josh thinks he heard something, but the others (Heather and Michael) just laugh it off, thinking that he's just trying to spook them. The next night, the sound is louder and heard by all three. By the third night, the group has lost their map, has no idea of their location are and literally run screaming from their tent as something appears to be attacking it from the outside. Then it gets really scary. Hell, `scary' isn't a strong enough word. I don't think a strong enough word exists.  And I love scary movies.
The ending of the film is so disturbing that it can't be described.  She doesn't seem to be acting; it sounds like the actual screams of a person that thinks she's going to die. It's more than a little sick, but it's more effective than anything you've ever seen or heard.  It took me several seconds to realize that I wasn't breathing. And I wanted to see it again. Immediately.
Do not miss this film for any reason. See it at night. Park in an isolated spot in the back of the theater and try not to soil yourself as you walk back to your car. This isn't Scream, where you were laughing on the way home. This is serious, hardcore terror and is definitely not for the weak-hearted. (1:29 - R for language and psychological horror that you will never be able to escape. Ever)
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Guy Martin with the world's fastest JCB tractor 18 Nov 2019, 11:57 by Jenny Moody The World's Fastest Tractor(Image: JCB) The JCB Fastrac speeds towards the World's Fastest Tractor title(Image: JCB) Guy Martin takes a moment to relax after steering the JCB Fastrac to a Guinness World Record(Image: JCB) Pre-run checks on the JCB Fastrac under way at Elvington Airfield(Image: JCB) Guy Martin with the World's Fastest Tractor(Image: JCB) Taking a look underneath the bonnet before the record are Guy Martin and JCB prototype build manager Phil Price(Image: JCB) Guy Martin settles into the driving seat ahead of the assault on the Guinness World Record(Image: JCB) JCB project manager Alex Skittery and Guy Martin have last minute discussions ahead of the record attempt(Image: JCB) Guy Martin with the World's Fastest Tractor(Image: JCB) Guy Martin and and the World's Fastest Tractor(Image: JCB) The brakes go on after the JCB Fastrac secures the World's Fastest Tractor title(Image: JCB) JCB's Tim Burnhope, Pravin Patel, of Guinness World Records, Guy Martin, JCB's Alex Skittery, JCB's Phil Price and JCB's Alan Tolley(Image: JCB) Project manager Alex Skittery, Guy Martin and prototype build manager Phil Price(Image: JCB) The team celebrates landing the World's Fastest Tractor record. In the foreground are l-r Alex Skittery, Guy Martin and JCB chief innovation and growth officer Tim Burnhope(Image: JCB)


Mind
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{% assign headshots = site.static_files | where: "image", true %} {% for lead in include.leads %} {%- assign photo = "anonymous.png" -%} {%- if lead.photo -%} {%- assign photo = lead.photo -%} {%- else -%} {%- assign expected_basename = lead.name | replace: " ", "_" | downcase -%} {%- for headshot in headshots -%} {%- if headshot.basename == expected_basename -%} {%- assign photo = headshot.name -%} {%- break -%} {%- endif -%} {%- endfor -%} {%- endif -%}
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class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Understanding Data ## Sociology 312 ### Aaron Gullickson ### University of Oregon ### 2019-08-09 --- class: inverse, center, middle background-image: url(images/markus-spiske-666905-unsplash.jpg) background-size: cover # What Does Data Look Like? --- ## Most data looks like a spreadsheet

Four passengers on the Titanic

  survival 	  sex 	  age 	  agegroup 	  pclass 	  fare 	  family

  Survived 	  Female 	  24.0000 	  Adult 	  First 	  69.3000 	  0

  Died 	  Male 	  24.0000 	  Adult 	  Third 	  7.7958 	  0

  Survived 	  Male 	  0.9167 	  Child 	  First 	  151.5500 	  3

  Died 	  Male 	  60.0000 	  Adult 	  First 	  26.5500 	  0

 -- - **Observations** are on the rows. Observations are the units from which you are taking measurements. -- - **Variables** are on the columns. Variables measure specific attributes of your observations. --- ## The unit of analysis identifies the kind of observation The **unit of analysis** simply tells you what your observations actually are. We can collect data on many different types of units. .center[Some examples, but the possibilities are endless] | Individual People | Countries | Corporations | Universities | | --- | ----------- | ------ | | ![crowd](images/crowd.jpg) | ![countries](images/countries.jpg) | ![logos](images/logos.jpg) | ![pac12](images/pac12.png)| --- ## What is the unit of analysis in each case? 1. Titanic data on passengers? 2. Cross-national data on CO2 emissions? -- .pull-left[ ### Titanic data .center[ **Individual Passengers** ![titanic passengers](images/titanic-passengers.jpg)] ] -- .pull-right[ ### Cross-national data .center[ **Countries** ![countries-co2](images/country-co2.png)] ] --- ## Quantitative variables measure quantities A quantitative variable measures quantities of something. A quantitative variable is always represented as a number. There are two types of quantitative variables. -- .pull-left[ ### Discrete .center[![scale](images/counter.jpg)] A **discrete** variable can only take certain values within a range. - Number of children ever had - Number of violent crimes committed - Number of siblings - Number of Youtube views ] -- .pull-right[ ### Continous .center[![scale](images/scale.jpg)] A **continuous** variable can take any value within a given range. - Age - Height - GDP per capita - CO2 emissions ] ??? - The most common case of a discrete variable is a count of things and thus can only be represented by positive whole numbers. - In practice, we often only measure these variables to a certain decimal level (half inches for height, whole numbers for age), but we could theoretically measure them more precisely with better instruments. --- ## Categorical variables specify a category Categorical variables indicate which category an observation belongs to from a mutually exclusive set of categories. There are also two types of categorical variables: -- .pull-left[ ### Ordinal .center[![scale](images/pepper-scale.jpg)] An **ordinal** variable is a categorical variables whose values have a clear ordering. - Highest degree earned - passenger class on the Titanic - level of support with an opinion statement ] -- .pull-right[ ### Nominal .center[![scale](images/gender-nominal.png)] A **nominal** variable is a categorical variable whose values are unordered. - Gender - Race - Political party ] --- ## What type of variables do we have here?

four passengers on the Titanic

  survival 	  sex 	  age 	  agegroup 	  pclass 	  fare 	  family

  Survived 	  Female 	  24.0000 	  Adult 	  First 	  69.3000 	  0

  Died 	  Male 	  24.0000 	  Adult 	  Third 	  7.7958 	  0

  Survived 	  Male 	  0.9167 	  Child 	  First 	  151.5500 	  3

  Died 	  Male 	  60.0000 	  Adult 	  First 	  26.5500 	  0

 -- - **survival:** survival is a nominal variable. -- - **sex:** sex is a nominal variable. -- - **age:** age is a continuous variable. -- - **agegroup:** age group is an ordinal variable. -- - **pclass:** Passenger class is an ordinal variable. -- - **fare:** fare paid is a continuous variable (sort of). -- - **family:** number of family members is a discrete variable. --- class: inverse, middle .left-column[##
Your Turn] .right-column[ ### Think of a dataset measuring something you might care about. - What are the units of analysis? - What might a continuous variable in this dataset be? - What might a discrete variable in this dataset be? - What might a nominal variable in this dataset be? - What might an ordinal variable in this dataset be? ] --- class: center, middle   --- layout: false class: middle, center, inverse background-image: url(images/isaac-smith-1182057-unsplash.jpg) background-size: cover # What Can We Do With Data? --- ## We can look at the distribution of a variable -- .pull-left[  ] -- .pull-right[  ] ??? In some cases, I might simply be interested in the **distribution** of a variable. We refer to these kinds of measures as **univariate statistics** where "univariate" is a fancy way to say "one variable." - How much variability is there in the amount of money that movies make? - What percent of passengers survived the Titanic disaster? - What is the average age of voters in the United States? --- ## We can look at association between variables -- .pull-left[  ] -- .pull-right[  ] ??? We are generally most interested in questions about the relationship or association between two or more variables than in a single variable itself. There are multiple ways to measure this association, depending on the type of variables involved. - Did the probability of surviving the Titanic depend on passenger class? - Do the earnings of movies vary by genre? - Is income inequality in a state related to its crime rate? --- ## We can make statistical inferences -- .pull-left[  ] -- .pull-right[  ] ??? - If I told you that in a sample of twenty people, brown-eyed individuals made $5 more an hour than people with other eye color, would you believe that I had found an important source of inequality? - Probably not, because with a sample that small, its possible to get unusual results like this just because of the sample you happened to draw. - Statistical inference is the technique of quantifying how uncertain we are about our statistical results. It allows us not only to summarize our data, but give a sense of how well we think that data might represent the larger population from which we drew our sample. --- ## We can build models -- .center[  ] ??? In the last module of the course we will expand on what we have learned previously to build **statistical models** that can help us better understand relationships we observe in the data. Statistical models allow us to examine relationships between multiple variables using more complex mathematical specifications. We use these models to address two types of questions: - Do I observe a relationship between two variables, even after controlling for potential confounders? - Does the relationship between two variables differ depending on the context of a third variable? --- ## Models can get more complex -- .pull-left[  ] -- .pull-right[  ] ??? Confounders are variables that might account for the relationship between two other variables and thus produce a **spurious** non-causal relationship. Some real questions we might ask: - Does the gender advantage in surviving the Titanic hold even after accounting for differences in gender and survival by passenger class? - Do racial differences in the probability of being shot by the police hold even after accounting for situational factors such as the type of violation, time of day, place of interaction? - Are differences in sexual frequency by marital status a product of age differences by marital status? We can also go beyond simple statements about the association between two variables and begin to ask how the association between two variables might differ depending on the level or value of a third variable. Some real questions we might ask: - Does the female advantage in survival on the Titanic get smaller or larger by the class of the passenger? - Does the relationship between age and support for gay marriage differ by political party affiliation? - Does the effect of movie runtime on box office returns vary by the genre of the movie? --- ## Two views on using observational data Most of the data we use in the social sciences is **observational** rather than **experimental**. We observe what actually happens rather than manipulate "treatments" in order to observe a response. There are two different views of exactly what the use of statistics contributes to observational data analysis: -- .pull-left[ ###
Pseudo-Experimental - We use statistical modeling to try to mimic the stronger causal claims of experimental research. - This can be as simple as "controlling" for other variables to mimic random assignment of a treatment, to the use of "natural" experiments. ] -- .pull-right[ ###
Formal Description - We use statistical modeling to describe what we observe in the data in a formal, systematic, and replicable way. - We show how the data are either consistent or inconsistent with certain views of a social process as derived from theory. ]


President Putin Plans to Visit Turkey in Early January of 2020 - Kremlin Spokesman
MOSCOW (Sputnik) - Russian President Vladimir Putin is expected to pay a visit to Turkey in the first days of January 2020, and preparations for the visit are already underway, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said on Monday.
"Putin and [Turkish President Recep Tayyip] Erdogan have really agreed, in one of the recent phone calls, that in early January [...] the TurkStream land sector will be ready in Turkey, and they have really discussed the possibility for President Putin to visit Turkey. Such a visit is also being prepared", Peskov told reporters, when asked to comment on Turkey's reports that Putin will visit the country in January to take part in the special ceremony for launching the TurkStream pipeline.
The TurkStream is envisaged as a 570-mile twin pipeline to transfer gas from Russia to Turkey and further up to southern and southeastern Europe.
The pipeline will have a maximum capacity of 31.5 billion cubic metres (1.1 trillion cubic feet) per year.
The first leg will deliver Russian gas under the Black Sea to Turkey for local consumption by 1 January 2020. The second leg is expected to carry gas to Southern and Central Europe, but its route has not been determined yet.


--- layout: index-layout subject: Norwegian Cruise Cruising to Cuba --- {{>header}} {{>section1}} {{>list}} {{>images}} {{>logo}}


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An aspiring computer scientist that wants to create a difference through technology. I believe that we are the first generation who has the gift of technology to touch millions of lives. It is one of the reasons why I am passionate about building meaningful products with thoughtful design. Always seeking to be inspired, to envision the unlikely, to work hard for things that are worth it, and to be surrounded by those who bring out the best in me.
Created a news aggregator app equipped with a view of the map where articles are mapped onto regions of origin, and a robust search engine using the Levenshtein distance algorithm. Additionally, implemented a summarization algorithm based on Stanford’s NLTK module to generate a 10-line summary for each news article.
Created a tutorial on attacking deep neural networks using Adversarial Examples, which can be created by introducing perturbations to the data that may or may not be detectable by the human eye. Paper describes 2 different methods of creating such examples, namely: Fast Gradient Sign Method and Jacobian Saliency Method.
View Video
Created an app that capitalized on machine learning techniques to detect speech impairment in children. Used the
AutiBot is a health hack capable of analyzing brain activity to detect young children's risk for developing autism.
Sherpa focuses on enriching your travel experience by connecting you with locals in a city. The locals would offer you guided tours around a city and will help you create a personal connection to the city's culture. With Sherpa, regardless of where you are, your local friend is just a few clicks away.
Xypper will let truck drivers display their available capacity, load, and location to shippers. The Xyyper app broadcasts your location and connects you with the closest available shipment, so you can pick up while on the go. Shippers can easily connect with suitable trucks from Xypper's large network of truck drivers throughout Canada, USA, and Mexico.
View Project
Abstract—Deep neural networks (DNN) have achieved stateof-the-art performance on image recognition tasks. However, it has been observed that DNNs are vulnerable to small, targeted perturbations performed on the input image, producing what the literature refers to as adversarial examples. In this paper,we present a tutorial on the topic of adversarial examples in the context of deep neural networks.
Abstract—We demonstrate the working of different methods, namely Logistic Regression, Feedforward Neural Network, Convolutional Neural Network, in classifying images from a small subset of ImageNet database. We comment on the effectiveness of all employed methods. Our tests find that Inception v3 CNN has the highest validation accuracy of 88.00% among these methods, and scored 88.00% on Kaggle competition.
Abstract—The project explores linear and non-linear methods for text classification of Reddit conversations. The report compares and contrast the three different techniques used: Naive Bayes (Acc: 90.74%, Precision: 91%, Recall: 91%), K-Nearest Neighbour (Acc:88%, Precision: 88%, Recall: 87%) and Support Vector Machines (Acc:96.69%, Precision: 97%, Recall:97%).


| Opcode/Instruction | Op /En | 64/32 bit Mode Support | CPUID Feature Flag | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
EVEX.128.66.0F38.W1 4C /r VRCP14PD xmm1 {k1}{z}, xmm2/m128/m64bcst |
FV | V/V | AVX512VL AVX512F | Computes the approximate reciprocals of the packed double-precision floating-point values in xmm2/m128/m64bcst and stores the results in xmm1. Under writemask. |
|
EVEX.256.66.0F38.W1 4C /r VRCP14PD ymm1 {k1}{z}, ymm2/m256/m64bcst |
FV | V/V | AVX512VL AVX512F | Computes the approximate reciprocals of the packed double-precision floating-point values in ymm2/m256/m64bcst and stores the results in ymm1. Under writemask. |
|
EVEX.512.66.0F38.W1 4C /r VRCP14PD zmm1 {k1}{z}, zmm2/m512/m64bcst |
FV | V/V | AVX512F | Computes the approximate reciprocals of the packed double-precision floating-point values in zmm2/m512/m64bcst and stores the results in zmm1. Under writemask. |
| Op/En | Operand 1 | Operand 2 | Operand 3 | Operand 4 |
| FV | ModRM:reg (w) | ModRM:r/m (r) | NA | NA |
Description
This instruction performs a SIMD computation of the approximate reciprocals of eight/four/two packed double-precision floating-point values in the source operand (the second operand) and stores the packed double-precision floating-point results in the destination operand. The maximum relative error for this approximation is less than 2-
14


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This library is a Java implementation of the graph datastructures and algorithms presented in Cormen, Leiserson, Rivest and Stein, Introduction to Algorithms, 3rd ed.(CLRS). I have also used some ideas from Robert Sedgewick's graph algorithms books (in C as well as in Java) and a few other sources. I started developing the library late last fall while working through the graph theoretical portion of CLRS. To begin with, I just found it helpful for getting a solid grasp of the material in the book. But then I also discovered that Java has no standard support for graphs (although there are several unofficial graph libraries for Java easily found by googling). Boost, by way of contrast, does provide C++ support for graphs. Since I intend to continue the study of graph theory both from a mathematical perspective and from the computer science standpoint, I thought it would be useful essentially to convert my current knowledge into code so that I could continue to refine it as I learn more about the subject.
In its current form the library does not support multigraphs but does support both directed and undirected graphs and, for convenience, allows for alphabetical as well as numerical labeling of vertices. While the latter feature has made the code a good deal more expansive than it would have been otherwise, I don't think it has incurred any significant cost in terms of runtime. Standard numbering begins at 0 (in contrast to CLRS's starting at 1) but the graph constructor allows lettering to start at any letter and continue consecutively up to 'z' or 'Z'. Overflowing beyond 'z' or 'Z' will raise an exception. The library also does not support discontinuous labeling, such as 'a', 'b', 'c', 'x', 'y', 'z'. Once you specify a starting letter in your constructor, the remaining vertices will be labeled consecutively up to the size of the graph, which is also specified in the constructor.
The hardest part of developing this library was working out a viable structure for the graph objects. Once I had done that in a way that seems viable (after numerous versions that I ended up rejecting), it became more or less trivial to convert the pseudo-code from CLRS into Java code for the library. The only difficulties were really just making sure that the numbering matched up properly (i.e., translating between their numbering starting at 1 and mine starting at 0). Nonetheless, I haven't yet finished all of the algorithms in the book because I did spend a lot of time working on the basic structure of the various graph objects as well as some helper classes. And I've tested the code mainly on examples from the book but haven't tried it yet on large graphs to see where the performance limitations might lie.
Following CLRS, the library offers the alternatives of storing edges in a linked list for each vertex (usually better for sparse graphs) or in a 2-dimensional array, as a matrix (better for dense graphs). The following tree shows the various graph classes, some helper classes, and the inheritance relationships between Graph objects:
The documentation of the library will have to be incremental. While the class hierarchy provides a basic overview, the user will for now unfortunately have to just look at the code to find the signature and outputs of the various methods. Since it is a work in progress, it doesn't make much sense at this point even to attempt a complete documentation. However, the library has reached a point where others might be interested in taking it for a spin, participating in its development or providing helpful ideas and critique. Time permitting, I'll provide as much documentation as I can as the library develops.
Over and above the basics needed for working with any graph (e.g., inserting an edge), the library currently includes some of the juicier algorithms in the LinkedListGraph and WeightedLinkedListGraph classes. I will in fact probably try to implement all functionality first on the linked list style graphs (again following CLRS) before developing the corresponding methods for matrix graphs. Currently, the LinkedListGraph class supports:
And the WeightedLinkedListGraph class supports additionally:
The .zip downloadable file contains the complete folder that I use in Eclipse. It should import easily in its entirety if you use Eclipse. For other IDEs you can extract and copy-paste.


Sample resume
sample resume found on
https://www.careerperfect.com/content/images/examples/it-security-sample-resume-page2.gif


% include('head.tpl')
% include('navbar.tpl', page="Database")
% include('hero.tpl', text="All content on this page is fetched from a SQL database.
Currently, the database has two tables: Users and Songs.", actiontext="Wanna Login?", actionlink="/login")


CALIBRE-SMTP(1) calibre CALIBRE-SMTP(1) NAME calibre-smtp - part of calibre SYNOPSIS calibre-smtp [options] [from to text] DESCRIPTION Send mail using the SMTP protocol. calibre-smtp has two modes of opera‐ tion. In the compose mode you specify from to and text and these are used to build and send an email message. In the filter mode, calibre-smtp reads a complete email message from STDIN and sends it. text is the body of the email message. If text is not specified, a com‐ plete email message is read from STDIN. from is the email address of the sender and to is the email address of the recipient. When a complete email is read from STDIN, from and to are only used in the SMTP negotia‐ tion, the message headers are not modified. Whenever you pass arguments to calibre-smtp that have spaces in them, enclose the arguments in quotation marks. OPTIONS --version show program's version number and exit -h, --help show this help message and exit -l, --localhost Host name of localhost. Used when connecting to SMTP server. -o, --outbox Path to maildir folder to store failed email messages in. -f, --fork Fork and deliver message in background. If you use this option, you should also use --outbox to handle delivery failures. -t, --timeout Timeout for connection -v, --verbose Be more verbose COMPOSE MAIL Options to compose an email. Ignored if text is not specified -a, --attachment File to attach to the email -s, --subject Subject of the email SMTP RELAY Options to use an SMTP relay server to send mail. calibre will try to send the email directly unless --relay is specified. -r, --relay An SMTP relay server to use to send mail. --port Port to connect to on relay server. Default is to use 465 if encryption method is SSL and 25 otherwise. -u, --username Username for relay -p, --password Password for relay -e, --encryption-method Encryption method to use when connecting to relay. Choices are TLS, SSL and NONE. Default is TLS. WARNING: Choosing NONE is highly insecure SEE ALSO The User Manual is available at http://manual.calibre-ebook.com Created by Kovid Goyal<EMAIL_ADDRESS>calibre-smtp (calibre 0.8.51) January 2013 CALIBRE-SMTP(1)


The RC circuit is fundamental to the understanding of capacitors. It is as follows.
We have here a battery supplying voltage \(V_{bat}\), a resistor of resistance \(R\), and a capacitor of capacitance \(C\). These are our constants. Interestingly, however, the voltages across the capacitor and resistor will change over time. Their sum, of course, will always be \(V_{bat}\) according to Kirchhoff's voltage law. Initially, the voltage across the resistor will be \(V_{bat}\) while that of the capacitor will be zero, over time the tables will turn, then finally, these will swap. We want to know how this happens over time. The first two equations we need are immediate from our study of Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's Laws. $$ \begin{align} V_R(t) &= RI(t) \\ V_{bat} &= V_C(t) + V_R(t) \end{align} $$ Now let \(Q(t)\) denote the charge of the capacitor at time \(t\). We then have... $$ V_C(t) = \frac{Q(t)}{C}. $$ Recall that the rate of change is related to current by... $$ \frac{d}{dt}Q(t) = I(t) $$ Combining all the equations we have now, it is not hard to find the differential equation for the rate of change of the voltage of the capacitor. Doing so, we arrive at... $$ \frac{d}{dt}V_C(t) = \frac{V_{bat} - V_C(t)}{RC}, $$ ...which is actually quite intuitive. The rate of change of the voltage of the capacitor is directly proportional to its distance from the battery voltage, and inversly proportional to the resistance \(R\) and capacitance \(C\). (I almost wrote down this very equation when I took a guess at what it should be.)
Anyhow, it is a 1st-order linear differential equation, and one that is not terribly easy to solve. You must use an integration factor. Skipping those details, one can verify that the following is a solution to the DE, if our initial condition is \(V_C(0)=0\). $$ V_C(t) = V_{bat}(1 - e^{-t/RC}) $$ With this equation, we can now calculate how much time it takes to charge the capacitor to within a given percentage of the battery's voltage.
Note that it is just as important to understand how current changes over time as it is to understand how the voltage changes over time. Without needing to solve another DE, we can use what equations we already have to find that... $$ I(t) = \frac{V_{bat}}{R}e^{-t/RC} $$ This shows that the current goes to zero as the voltage of the capacitor reaches that of the battery. This may be useful when combined with a transistor so that we can time the flipping of a switch on or off.
Throwing the switch in the circuit diagram above, we now have a circuit involving just the resistor and the capacitor. With the battery removed, we now have... $$ V_C(t) = V_R(t). $$ ...and we now have... $$ \frac{d}{dt}Q(t) = -I(t). $$ Note that this is not because the direction of current has changed. Yes, in reality, conventional current is now winding CCW instead of CW as before, but this is not why we negate \(I\) here. The reason we do it is because current is now being drawn from the capacitor rather than being run through it. If we were to argue that the direction of current has changed, we would be wrong in terms of an analysis of the circuit, because in both cases (the charging case, and the discharging case), we're considering conventional current from the perspective of the source of electrical energy, whether that's the battery or the capacitor.
Anyhow, with all our information gathered, we can now easily arrive at the DE... $$ \frac{d}{dt}V_C(t) = \frac{-1}{RC}V_C(t), $$ ...witch an initial condition of \(V_C(0)=V_{bat}\), if we let the capicotor fully charge. This is much easier to solve, and is simply... $$ V_C(t) = V_{bat}e^{-t/RC}. $$ We can now use this to calculate how much time it takes for the capacitor to discharge.
Notice that, as before, when we try to now find \(I(t)\), we get the same result.


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Table of Contents
Pages
HISTORY
Launchy Changlog
Version 0.3.7 - 2010-07-19
Version 0.3.6 - 2010-02-22
Version 0.3.5 - 2009-12-17
Version 0.3.3 - 2009-02-19
Version 0.3.2 - 2008-05-21
Version 0.3.1 - 2007-09-08
Version 0.3.0 - 2007-08-30
Version 0.2.1 - 2007-08-18
Version 0.2.0 - 2007-08-11
Version 0.1.2 - 2007-08-11
Version 0.1.1
Version 0.1.0
Version 0.0.2
Version 0.0.1
LICENSE
README
launchy
DESCRIPTION
FEATURES
SYNOPSIS
ISC LICENSE
Classes/Modules
Launchy
Launchy::Application
Launchy::Browser
Launchy::CommandLine
Launchy::Paths
Launchy::Version
Methods
::application_classes — Launchy::Application
::command_line — Launchy
::desktop_environment_browser_launchers — Launchy::Browser
::fallback_browsers — Launchy::Browser
::find_application_class_for — Launchy::Application
::find_executable — Launchy::Application
::handle? — Launchy::Browser
::inherited — Launchy::Application
::known_os_families — Launchy::Application
::lib_path — Launchy::Paths
::log — Launchy
::my_os — Launchy::Application
::my_os_family — Launchy::Application
::new — Launchy::Browser
::open — Launchy
::require_all_libs_relative_to — Launchy
::root_dir — Launchy::Paths
::run — Launchy::Browser
::sub_path — Launchy::Paths
::to_a — Launchy::Version
::to_s — Launchy::Version
#app_list — Launchy::Application
#browser — Launchy::Browser
#cygwin_app_list — Launchy::Application
#darwin_app_list — Launchy::Application
#desktop_environment_browser_launchers — Launchy::Browser
#fallback_browsers — Launchy::Browser
#find_executable — Launchy::Application
#my_os — Launchy::Application
#my_os_family — Launchy::Application
#nix_app_list — Launchy::Browser
#nix_desktop_environment — Launchy::Application
#parser — Launchy::CommandLine
#run — Launchy::CommandLine
#run — Launchy::Application
#testing_app_list — Launchy::Application
#visit — Launchy::Browser
#windows_app_list — Launchy::Application


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Hello, My self Dipak Raval. I Study in BCA. I am very good programmer as well as Web designer. I am also created Android Application