| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| ServiceRequestMessage |
Abstract superclass for request messages sent to services which expect a reply.
|
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AbstractStateReplacementFlow<T> |
Abstract flow to be used for replacing one state with another, for example when changing the notary of a state.
Notably this requires a one to one replacement of states, states cannot be split, merged or issued as part of these
flows.
|
| BroadcastTransactionFlow |
Notify all involved parties about a transaction, including storing a copy. Normally this would be called via
class FinalityFlow . |
| CashCommand |
A command to initiate the Cash flow with.
|
| CashFlow |
Initiates a flow that produces an Issue/Move or Exit Cash transaction.
|
| CashFlowResult | |
| FetchAttachmentsFlow |
Given a set of hashes either loads from from local storage or requests them from the other peer. Downloaded
attachments are saved to local storage automatically.
|
| FetchDataFlow<T extends NamedByHash,W> |
An abstract flow for fetching typed data from a remote peer.
|
| FetchTransactionsFlow |
Given a set of tx hashes (IDs), either loads them from local disk or asks the remote peer to provide them.
|
| FinalityFlow |
Finalise a transaction by notarising it, then recording it locally, and then sending it to all involved parties.
|
| IssuerFlow |
This flow enables a client to request issuance of some
interface FungibleAsset from a
server acting as an issuer (see class Issued ) of FungibleAssets. |
| NotaryChangeFlow |
A flow to be used for changing a state's Notary. This is required since all input states to a transaction
must point to the same notary.
|
| NotaryError | |
| NotaryFlow | |
| ResolveTransactionsFlow |
This flow is used to verify the validity of a transaction by recursively checking the validity of all the
dependencies. Once a transaction is checked it's inserted into local storage so it can be relayed and won't be
checked again.
|
| ServiceRequestMessageKt | |
| StateReplacementRefused |
Thrown when a participant refuses the proposed state replacement
|
| TwoPartyDealFlow |
Classes for manipulating a two party deal or agreement.
|
| TwoPartyTradeFlow |
This asset trading flow implements a "delivery vs payment" type swap. It has two parties (B and S for buyer
and seller) and the following steps:
|
| ValidatingNotaryFlow |
A notary commit flow that makes sure a given transaction is valid before committing it. This does mean that the calling
party has to reveal the whole transaction history; however, we avoid complex conflict resolution logic where a party
has its input states "blocked" by a transaction from another party, and needs to establish whether that transaction was
indeed valid.
|
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| InputStateRefResolveFailed | |
| NotaryException | |
| StateReplacementException |


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Confirm Override
A modal dialog override of the JavaScript confirm function. Demonstrates the use of the onShow
callback as well as how to display a modal dialog confirmation instead of the default JavaScript confirm dialog.
Confirm
A modal dialog override of the JavaScript confirm function. Demonstrates the use of the onShow
callback as well as how to display a modal dialog confirmation instead of the default JavaScript confirm dialog.


search API (or start typing anywhere)
ShapeDrawer
differ.ShapeDrawer
To implement your own debug drawing class, you only need to override drawLine function and implement it the rest is handled internally. You can override specifics if you want, but it’s not required
class
Methods
drawCircle
drawCircle(circle:differ.shapes.Circle) : Void
Draw a circle
Shape
drawLine
drawLine(p0x:Float, p0y:Float, p1x:Float, p1y:Float, startPoint:Bool) : Void
Draw a line between p0 and p1. Implement this function at minimum in custom drawing handlers drawPoint
drawPoint(x:Float, y:Float, size:Float) : Void
drawPolygon
drawPolygon(poly:differ.shapes.Polygon) : Void
Draw a
Polygon
drawShape
drawShape(shape:differ.shapes.Shape) : Void
Draw a
Shape
, it will determine the type and draw it for you.
drawShapeCollision
drawShapeCollision(c:differ.data.ShapeCollision, length:Float) : Void
new
new() : Void


OFFICE OF THE CHANCELLOR
Dear CUNY community,
Just as each of us has been forced to make changes in our personal and work lives to minimize the spread of the coronavirus, the University has had to make difficult but unavoidable decisions to ensure the health and safety of everyone in our community. None has been as heart-wrenching to make as the matter of graduation.
As a lifelong educator, commencement season has always been my favorite time of year, the culmination of a lifetime of hard work and sacrifice. I began my tenure as chancellor last May, just in time to attend six CUNY graduations; as always, I was deeply moved by the excitement and emotion that were on display. So it is with a heavy heart that I announce that commencement ceremonies across the University-system will be postponed.
With all public gatherings currently prohibited and no way to know how long this will continue to be the case, colleges simply cannot begin choosing dates, even if for later than usual, securing venues and taking all the logistical steps that go into planning a successful commencement.
To be clear, this will have no impact on diplomas. At the completion of the spring semester, all degrees will be conferred as scheduled. It will also not impact the official summer start date for our full-time faculty.
We look forward to a future date when we’ll be able to celebrate in person and believe me — that will be an occasion like no other. If any group of graduates deserves a chance to mark its achievements, it is the resilient Class of 2020.
I sincerely regret the impact of these sad circumstances on our students, who have worked so hard, and overcome many obstacles to get to this point. I know this will also come as a disappointment to faculty and family members.
I have spoken to all CUNY presidents and deans, and they are exploring other ways to mark this rite of passage on their campuses. While we know that nothing can replace the pure joy of a commencement ceremony, some schools are considering alternate celebrations that fit their campus community.
I also want to share that after careful consideration and consultation, CUNY’s Summer 2020 course offerings will be exclusively conducted via distance education format. The decision is consistent with New York State Education Department (NYSED) guidance from April 2, 2020, which waives the requirement that specific courses and programs be registered for delivery via distance education. We appreciate the feedback we received from the University Faculty Senate and other academic leaders on this. For staff, current guidance regarding remote work will remain in effect consistent with the New York State on PAUSE executive order. Direction regarding the format of course offerings for Fall 2020 will be provided in the future depending on the COVID-19 emergency time frame, and once consultation with academic leaders and faculty has occurred and direction from NYSED and other accrediting bodies has been received.
CUNY continues to respond to the coronavirus by implementing measures to help our students navigate these extraordinary circumstances. Here are some steps we have taken in recent days:
With the support of Governor Cuomo, we have purchased 30,000 new laptops and tablets for students who need one to fully participate in distance learning. If you are a student in need of a device, please request one through your school by referring to the links provided here.
Because of the disruption caused by the transition to distance learning education, students will have the option to convert any or all of the letter grades they earn in their spring 2020 classes to Credit/No Credit grading. Read more here.
Dormitory Fees will be credited to continuing students –and refunded to students set to graduate– on a prorated basis from the student’s move-out date. Read more here.
The University will waive 25% of the Spring 2020 Student Activity Fee for students enrolled in CUNY colleges on a 15-week calendar and 50% of the fee for students enrolled on a 12-week or six-week calendar. Read more here.
Please know how much I appreciate your patience and adaptability, and all that you’re doing to keep moving forward in spite of this difficult situation. Please remain vigilant, take good care of yourselves and your families, and we will get through this public health crisis together.
Sincerely,
Felo


Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm and/or rationality in judgment. They are often studied in psychology and behavioral economics.[1]
Although the reality of most of these biases is confirmed by reproducible research,[2][3] there are often controversies about how to classify these biases or how to explain them.[4] Several theoretical causes are known for some cognitive biases, which provides a classification of biases by their common generative mechanism (such as noisy information-processing[5]). Gerd Gigerenzer has criticized the framing of cognitive biases as errors in judgment, and favors interpreting them as arising from rational deviations from logical thought.[6]
Explanations include information-processing rules (i.e., mental shortcuts), called heuristics, that the brain uses to produce decisions or judgments. Biases have a variety of forms and appear as cognitive ("cold") bias, such as mental noise,[5] or motivational ("hot") bias, such as when beliefs are distorted by wishful thinking. Both effects can be present at the same time.[7][8]
There are also controversies over some of these biases as to whether they count as useless or irrational, or whether they result in useful attitudes or behavior. For example, when getting to know others, people tend to ask leading questions which seem biased towards confirming their assumptions about the person. However, this kind of confirmation bias has also been argued to be an example of social skill; a way to establish a connection with the other person.[9]
Although this research overwhelmingly involves human subjects, some findings that demonstrate bias have been found in non-human animals as well. For example, loss aversion has been shown in monkeys and hyperbolic discounting has been observed in rats, pigeons, and monkeys.[10]
These biases affect belief formation, reasoning processes, business and economic decisions, and human behavior in general.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Agent detection | False priors | The inclination to presume the purposeful intervention of a sentient or intelligent agent. |
| Ambiguity effect | Prospect theory | The tendency to avoid options for which the probability of a favorable outcome is unknown.[11] |
| Anchoring or focalism | Anchoring bias | The tendency to rely too heavily, or "anchor", on one trait or piece of information when making decisions (usually the first piece of information acquired on that subject).[12][13] |
| Anthropocentric thinking | Availability bias | The tendency to use human analogies as a basis for reasoning about other, less familiar, biological phenomena.[14] |
|
Anthropomorphism
or personification |
Availability bias | The tendency to characterize animals, objects, and abstract concepts as possessing human-like traits, emotions, and intentions.[15] The opposite bias, of not attributing feelings or thoughts to another person, is dehumanised perception,[16] a type of objectification. |
| Attentional bias | Availability bias | The tendency of perception to be affected by recurring thoughts.[17] |
| Attribute substitution | Occurs when a judgment has to be made (of a target attribute) that is computationally complex, and instead a more easily calculated heuristic attribute is substituted. This substitution is thought of as taking place in the automatic intuitive judgment system, rather than the more self-aware reflective system. | |
| Automation bias | False priors | The tendency to depend excessively on automated systems which can lead to erroneous automated information overriding correct decisions.[18] |
| Availability heuristic | Availability bias | The tendency to overestimate the likelihood of events with greater "availability" in memory, which can be influenced by how recent the memories are or how unusual or emotionally charged they may be.[19] |
| Backfire effect | Confirmation bias | The reaction to disconfirming evidence by strengthening one's previous beliefs.[20] Note: the existence of this bias as a widespread phenomenon has been disputed in empirical studies |
|
Base rate fallacy or Base rate neglect |
Extension neglect | The tendency to ignore general information and focus on information only pertaining to the specific case, even when the general information is more important.[21] |
| Belief bias | Truthiness | An effect where someone's evaluation of the logical strength of an argument is biased by the believability of the conclusion.[22] |
| Berkson's paradox | Logical fallacy | The tendency to misinterpret statistical experiments involving conditional probabilities.[23] |
| Clustering illusion | Apophenia | The tendency to overestimate the importance of small runs, streaks, or clusters in large samples of random data (that is, seeing phantom patterns).[13] |
| Compassion fade | Extension neglect | The predisposition to behave more compassionately towards a small number of identifiable victims than to a large number of anonymous ones.[24] |
| Confirmation bias | Confirmation bias | The tendency to search for, interpret, focus on and remember information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions.[25] |
| Congruence bias | Confirmation bias | The tendency to test hypotheses exclusively through direct testing, instead of testing possible alternative hypotheses.[13] |
| Conjunction fallacy | Extension neglect | The tendency to assume that specific conditions are more probable than a more general version of those same conditions. For example, subjects in one experiment perceived the probability of a woman being both a bank teller and a feminist as more likely than the probability of her being a bank teller.[26] |
|
Conservatism bias (belief revision) |
Anchoring bias | The tendency to revise one's belief insufficiently when presented with new evidence.[5][27][28] |
| Continued influence effect | Confirmation bias | The tendency to believe previously learned misinformation even after it has been corrected. Misinformation can still influence inferences one generates after a correction has occurred.[29] cf. Backfire effect |
| Contrast effect | Framing effect | The enhancement or reduction of a certain stimulus' perception when compared with a recently observed, contrasting object.[30] |
| Curse of knowledge | When better-informed people find it extremely difficult to think about problems from the perspective of lesser-informed people.[31] | |
| Declinism | The predisposition to view the past favorably (rosy retrospection) and future negatively.[32] | |
| Decoy effect | Framing effect | Preferences for either option A or B change in favor of option B when option C is presented, which is completely dominated by option B (inferior in all respects) and partially dominated by option A.[33] |
| Default effect | Framing effect | When given a choice between several options, the tendency to favor the default one.[34] |
| Denomination effect | Framing effect | The tendency to spend more money when it is denominated in small amounts (e.g., coins) rather than large amounts (e.g., bills).[35] |
| Disposition effect | Prospect theory | The tendency to sell an asset that has accumulated in value and resist selling an asset that has declined in value. |
| Distinction bias | Framing effect | The tendency to view two options as more dissimilar when evaluating them simultaneously than when evaluating them separately.[36] |
| Dread aversion | Prospect theory | Just as losses yield double the emotional impact of gains, dread yields double the emotional impact of savouring.[37][1] |
| Dunning–Kruger effect | The tendency for unskilled individuals to overestimate their own ability and the tendency for experts to underestimate their own ability.[38] | |
| Duration neglect | Extension neglect | The neglect of the duration of an episode in determining its value.[39] |
| Empathy gap | The tendency to underestimate the influence or strength of feelings, in either oneself or others.[40] | |
| End-of-history illusion | The age-independent belief that one will change less in the future than one has in the past.[41] | |
| Endowment effect | Prospect theory | The tendency for people to demand much more to give up an object than they would be willing to pay to acquire it.[42] |
| Exaggerated expectation | The tendency to expect or predict more extreme outcomes than those outcomes that actually happen.[5] | |
|
Experimenter's
or expectation bias |
Confirmation bias | The tendency for experimenters to believe, certify, and publish data that agree with their expectations for the outcome of an experiment, and to disbelieve, discard, or downgrade the corresponding weightings for data that appear to conflict with those expectations.[43] |
|
Forer effect or Barnum effect |
Egocentric bias | The observation that individuals will give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored specifically for them, but are in fact vague and general enough to apply to a wide range of people. This effect can provide a partial explanation for the widespread acceptance of some beliefs and practices, such as astrology, fortune telling, graphology, and some types of personality tests.[44] |
| Form function attribution bias | In human–robot interaction, the tendency of people to make systematic errors when interacting with a robot. People may base their expectations and perceptions of a robot on its appearance (form) and attribute functions which do not necessarily mirror the true functions of the robot.[45] | |
| Framing effect | Framing effect | Drawing different conclusions from the same information, depending on how that information is presented. |
|
Frequency illusion or Baader–Meinhof phenomenon |
Availability bias | The frequency illusion is that once something has been noticed then every instance of that thing is noticed, leading to the belief it has a high frequency of occurrence (a form of selection bias).[46] The Baader–Meinhof phenomenon is the illusion where something that has recently come to one's attention suddenly seems to appear with improbable frequency shortly afterwards.[47] [48] It was named after an incidence of frequency illusion in which the Baader–Meinhof Group was mentioned.[49] |
| Functional fixedness | Anchoring bias | Limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used.[50] |
| Gambler's fallacy | Logical fallacy | The tendency to think that future probabilities are altered by past events, when in reality they are unchanged. The fallacy arises from an erroneous conceptualization of the law of large numbers. For example, "I've flipped heads with this coin five times consecutively, so the chance of tails coming out on the sixth flip is much greater than heads."[51] |
| Gender bias | False priors | A widely held[52] set of implicit biases that discriminate against a gender. For example, the assumption that women are less suited to jobs requiring high intellectual ability.[53] Or the assumption that people or animals are male in the absence of any indicators of gender.[54] |
| Hard–easy effect | The tendency to overestimate one's ability to accomplish hard tasks, and underestimate one's ability to accomplish easy tasks[5][55][56][57] | |
| Hindsight bias | Sometimes called the "I-knew-it-all-along" effect, the tendency to see past events as being predictable[58] at the time those events happened. | |
| Hot-hand fallacy | Logical fallacy | The "hot-hand fallacy" (also known as the "hot hand phenomenon" or "hot hand") is the belief that a person who has experienced success with a random event has a greater chance of further success in additional attempts. |
| Hyperbolic discounting | Extension neglect | Discounting is the tendency for people to have a stronger preference for more immediate payoffs relative to later payoffs. Hyperbolic discounting leads to choices that are inconsistent over time – people make choices today that their future selves would prefer not to have made, despite using the same reasoning.[59] Also known as current moment bias, present-bias, and related to Dynamic inconsistency. A good example of this: a study showed that when making food choices for the coming week, 74% of participants chose fruit, whereas when the food choice was for the current day, 70% chose chocolate. |
| IKEA effect | Effort justification | The tendency for people to place a disproportionately high value on objects that they partially assembled themselves, such as furniture from IKEA, regardless of the quality of the end product.[60] |
| Illicit transference | Logical fallacy | Occurs when a term in the distributive (referring to every member of a class) and collective (referring to the class itself as a whole) sense are treated as equivalent. The two variants of this fallacy are the fallacy of composition and the fallacy of division. |
| Illusion of control | Egocentric bias | The tendency to overestimate one's degree of influence over other external events.[61] |
| Illusion of validity | Egocentric bias | Overestimating the accuracy of one's judgments, especially when available information is consistent or inter-correlated.[62] |
| Illusory correlation | Apophenia | Inaccurately perceiving a relationship between two unrelated events.[63][64] |
| Illusory truth effect | Truthiness | A tendency to believe that a statement is true if it is easier to process, or if it has been stated multiple times, regardless of its actual veracity. These are specific cases of truthiness. |
| Impact bias | The tendency to overestimate the length or the intensity of the impact of future feeling states.[65] | |
| Implicit association | Availability bias | The speed with which people can match words depends on how closely they are associated. |
| Information bias | The tendency to seek information even when it cannot affect action.[66] | |
| Insensitivity to sample size | Extension neglect | The tendency to under-expect variation in small samples. |
| Interoceptive bias | The tendency for sensory input about the body itself to affect one's judgement about external, unrelated circumstances. (As for example, in parole judges who are more lenient when fed and rested.) [67][68][69][70] | |
|
Irrational escalation
or Escalation of commitment |
Logical fallacy | The phenomenon where people justify increased investment in a decision, based on the cumulative prior investment, despite new evidence suggesting that the decision was probably wrong. Also known as the sunk cost fallacy. |
| Law of the instrument | Anchoring bias | An over-reliance on a familiar tool or methods, ignoring or under-valuing alternative approaches. "If all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail." |
| Less-is-better effect | Extension neglect | The tendency to prefer a smaller set to a larger set judged separately, but not jointly. |
| Loss aversion | Prospect theory | The perceived disutility of giving up an object is greater than the utility associated with acquiring it.[71] (see also Sunk cost effects and endowment effect). |
| Mere exposure effect | Familiarity principle | The tendency to express undue liking for things merely because of familiarity with them.[72] |
| Money illusion | The tendency to concentrate on the nominal value (face value) of money rather than its value in terms of purchasing power.[73] | |
| Moral credential effect | Occurs when someone who does something good gives themselves permission to be less good in the future. | |
| Neglect of probability | Extension neglect | The tendency to completely disregard probability when making a decision under uncertainty.[74] |
| Non-adaptive choice switching[75] | After experiencing a bad outcome with a decision problem, the tendency to avoid the choice previously made when faced with the same decision problem again, even though the choice was optimal. Also known as "once bitten, twice shy" or "hot stove effect". | |
| Normalcy bias | Cognitive dissonance | The refusal to plan for, or react to, a disaster which has never happened before. |
| Observer-expectancy effect | Confirmation bias | When a researcher expects a given result and therefore unconsciously manipulates an experiment or misinterprets data in order to find it (see also subject-expectancy effect). |
| Omission bias | The tendency to judge harmful actions (commissions) as worse, or less moral, than equally harmful inactions (omissions).[76] | |
| Optimism bias | The tendency to be over-optimistic, underestimating greatly the probability of undesirable outcomes and overestimating favorable and pleasing outcomes (see also wishful thinking, valence effect, positive outcome bias).[77][78] | |
| Ostrich effect | Ignoring an obvious (negative) situation. | |
| Outcome bias | The tendency to judge a decision by its eventual outcome instead of based on the quality of the decision at the time it was made. | |
| Overconfidence effect | Egocentric bias | Excessive confidence in one's own answers to questions. For example, for certain types of questions, answers that people rate as "99% certain" turn out to be wrong 40% of the time.[5][79][80][81] |
| Pareidolia | Apophenia | A vague and random stimulus (often an image or sound) is perceived as significant, e.g., seeing images of animals or faces in clouds, the man in the moon, and hearing non-existent hidden messages on records played in reverse. |
| Pessimism bias | The tendency for some people, especially those suffering from depression, to overestimate the likelihood of negative things happening to them. | |
| Plan continuation bias | Logical fallacy | Failure to recognize that the original plan of action is no longer appropriate for a changing situation or for a situation that is different than anticipated.[82] |
| Planning fallacy | Egocentric bias | The tendency to underestimate one's own task-completion times.[65] |
| Present bias | The tendency of people to give stronger weight to payoffs that are closer to the present time when considering trade-offs between two future moments.[83] | |
| Plant blindness | The tendency to ignore plants in their environment and a failure to recognize and appreciate the utility of plants to life on earth.[84] | |
| Probability matching | Sub-optimal matching of the probability of choices with the probability of reward in a stochastic context. | |
| Pro-innovation bias | The tendency to have an excessive optimism towards an invention or innovation's usefulness throughout society, while often failing to identify its limitations and weaknesses. | |
| Projection bias | The tendency to overestimate how much our future selves share one's current preferences, thoughts and values, thus leading to sub-optimal choices.[85][86][87] | |
| Proportionality bias | Our innate tendency to assume that big events have big causes, may also explain our tendency to accept conspiracy theories.[88][89] | |
| Pseudocertainty effect | Prospect theory | The tendency to make risk-averse choices if the expected outcome is positive, but make risk-seeking choices to avoid negative outcomes.[90] |
| Recency illusion | The illusion that a phenomenon one has noticed only recently is itself recent. Often used to refer to linguistic phenomena; the illusion that a word or language usage that one has noticed only recently is an innovation when it is, in fact, long-established (see also frequency illusion). Also Recency bias is a cognitive bias that favors recent events over historic ones. A memory bias, recency bias gives "greater importance to the most recent event",[91] such as the final lawyer's closing argument a jury hears before being dismissed to deliberate. | |
| Systematic bias | Judgement that arises when targets of differentiating judgement become subject to effects of regression that are not equivalent.[92] | |
| Restraint bias | Egocentric bias | The tendency to overestimate one's ability to show restraint in the face of temptation. |
| Rhyme as reason effect | Truthiness | Rhyming statements are perceived as more truthful. |
| Risk compensation / Peltzman effect | The tendency to take greater risks when perceived safety increases. | |
| Salience bias | Availability bias | The tendency to focus on items that are more prominent or emotionally striking and ignore those that are unremarkable, even though this difference is often irrelevant by objective standards. |
| Scope neglect or scope insensitivity |
Extension neglect | The tendency to be insensitive to the size of a problem when evaluating it. For example, being willing to pay as much to save 2,000 children or 20,000 children |
| Selection bias | Availability bias | The tendency to notice something more when something causes us to be more aware of it, such as when we buy a car, we tend to notice similar cars more often than we did before. They are not suddenly more common – we just are noticing them more. Also called the Observational Selection Bias. |
| Selective perception | Confirmation bias | The tendency for expectations to affect perception. |
| Semmelweis reflex | Confirmation bias | The tendency to reject new evidence that contradicts a paradigm.[28] |
| Status quo bias | Prospect theory | The tendency to like things to stay relatively the same (see also loss aversion, endowment effect, and system justification).[93][94] |
| Stereotyping | False priors | Expecting a member of a group to have certain characteristics without having actual information about that individual. |
| Subadditivity effect | Logical fallacy | The tendency to judge the probability of the whole to be less than the probabilities of the parts.[95] |
| Subjective validation | Truthiness | Perception that something is true if a subject's belief demands it to be true. Also assigns perceived connections between coincidences. |
| Surrogation | Losing sight of the strategic construct that a measure is intended to represent, and subsequently acting as though the measure is the construct of interest. | |
| Survivorship bias | Availability bias | Concentrating on the people or things that "survived" some process and inadvertently overlooking those that didn't because of their lack of visibility. |
| System justification | Prospect theory | The tendency to defend and bolster the status quo. Existing social, economic, and political arrangements tend to be preferred, and alternatives disparaged, sometimes even at the expense of individual and collective self-interest. (See also status quo bias.) |
| Time-saving bias | Logical fallacy | Underestimations of the time that could be saved (or lost) when increasing (or decreasing) from a relatively low speed and overestimations of the time that could be saved (or lost) when increasing (or decreasing) from a relatively high speed. |
| Parkinson's law of triviality | The tendency to give disproportionate weight to trivial issues. Also known as bikeshedding, this bias explains why an organization may avoid specialized or complex subjects, such as the design of a nuclear reactor, and instead focus on something easy to grasp or rewarding to the average participant, such as the design of an adjacent bike shed.[96] | |
| Unconscious bias | Also known as implicit biases, are the underlying attitudes and stereotypes that people unconsciously attribute to another person or group of people that affect how they understand and engage with them. Many researchers suggest that unconscious bias occurs automatically as the brain makes quick judgments based on past experiences and background.[97] | |
| Unit bias | The standard suggested amount of consumption (e.g., food serving size) is perceived to be appropriate, and a person would consume it all even if it is too much for this particular person.[98] | |
| Weber–Fechner law | Difficulty in comparing small differences in large quantities. | |
| Well travelled road effect | Availability bias | Underestimation of the duration taken to traverse oft-travelled routes and overestimation of the duration taken to traverse less familiar routes. |
| Women are wonderful effect | A tendency to associate more positive attributes with women than with men. | |
| Zero-risk bias | Extension neglect | Preference for reducing a small risk to zero over a greater reduction in a larger risk. |
| Zero-sum bias | Logical fallacy | A bias whereby a situation is incorrectly perceived to be like a zero-sum game (i.e., one person gains at the expense of another). |
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Actor-observer bias | Attribution bias | The tendency for explanations of other individuals' behaviors to overemphasize the influence of their personality and underemphasize the influence of their situation (see also Fundamental attribution error), and for explanations of one's own behaviors to do the opposite (that is, to overemphasize the influence of our situation and underemphasize the influence of our own personality). |
| Authority bias | Association fallacy | The tendency to attribute greater accuracy to the opinion of an authority figure (unrelated to its content) and be more influenced by that opinion.[99] |
| Availability cascade | Conformity bias | A self-reinforcing process in which a collective belief gains more and more plausibility through its increasing repetition in public discourse (or "repeat something long enough and it will become true").[100] |
| Bandwagon effect | Conformity bias | The tendency to do (or believe) things because many other people do (or believe) the same. Related to groupthink and herd behavior.[101] |
| Ben Franklin effect | Cognitive dissonance | A person who has performed a favor for someone is more likely to do another favor for that person than they would be if they had received a favor from that person.[102] |
| Bias blind spot | Egocentric bias | The tendency to see oneself as less biased than other people, or to be able to identify more cognitive biases in others than in oneself.[103] |
| Cheerleader effect | Association fallacy | The tendency for people to appear more attractive in a group than in isolation.[104] |
| Courtesy bias | Conformity bias | The tendency to give an opinion that is more socially correct than one's true opinion, so as to avoid offending anyone.[105] |
| Defensive attribution hypothesis | Egocentric bias | Attributing more blame to a harm-doer as the outcome becomes more severe or as personal or situational similarity to the victim increases. |
| Egocentric bias | Egocentric bias | Occurs when people claim more responsibility for themselves for the results of a joint action than an outside observer would credit them with. |
| Extrinsic incentives bias | Attribution bias | An exception to the fundamental attribution error, when people view others as having (situational) extrinsic motivations and (dispositional) intrinsic motivations for oneself |
| False consensus effect | Egocentric bias | The tendency for people to overestimate the degree to which others agree with them.[106] |
| False uniqueness bias | Egocentric bias | The tendency of people to see their projects and themselves as more singular than they actually are.[107] |
| Fundamental attribution error | Attribution bias | The tendency for people to over-emphasize personality-based explanations for behaviors observed in others while under-emphasizing the role and power of situational influences on the same behavior[87] (see also actor-observer bias, group attribution error, positivity effect, and negativity effect).[108] |
| Group attribution error | The biased belief that the characteristics of an individual group member are reflective of the group as a whole or the tendency to assume that group decision outcomes reflect the preferences of group members, even when information is available that clearly suggests otherwise. | |
| Groupthink | Conformity bias | The psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people in which the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome. Group members try to minimize conflict and reach a consensus decision without critical evaluation of alternative viewpoints by actively suppressing dissenting viewpoints, and by isolating themselves from outside influences. |
| Halo effect | Association fallacy | The tendency for a person's positive or negative traits to "spill over" from one personality area to another in others' perceptions of them (see also physical attractiveness stereotype).[109] |
| Hostile attribution bias | Attribution bias | The "hostile attribution bias" is the tendency to interpret others' behaviors as having hostile intent, even when the behavior is ambiguous or benign.[110] |
| Illusion of asymmetric insight | Egocentric bias | People perceive their knowledge of their peers to surpass their peers' knowledge of them.[111] |
| Illusion of transparency | Egocentric bias | The tendency for people to overestimate the degree to which their personal mental state is known by others, and to overestimate how well they understand others' personal mental states. |
| Illusory superiority | Egocentric bias | Overestimating one's desirable qualities, and underestimating undesirable qualities, relative to other people. (Also known as "Lake Wobegon effect", "better-than-average effect", or "superiority bias".)[112] |
| Ingroup bias | Ingroup bias | The tendency for people to give preferential treatment to others they perceive to be members of their own groups. |
| Intentionality bias | Attribution bias | Tendency to judge human action to be intentional rather than accidental.[113] |
| Just-world hypothesis | Attribution bias | The tendency for people to want to believe that the world is fundamentally just, causing them to rationalize an otherwise inexplicable injustice as deserved by the victim(s). |
| Moral luck | Attribution bias | The tendency for people to ascribe greater or lesser moral standing based on the outcome of an event. |
| Naïve cynicism | Egocentric bias | Expecting more egocentric bias in others than in oneself. |
| Naïve realism | Egocentric bias | The belief that we see reality as it really is – objectively and without bias; that the facts are plain for all to see; that rational people will agree with us; and that those who don't are either uninformed, lazy, irrational, or biased. |
| Not invented here | Ingroup bias | Aversion to contact with or use of products, research, standards, or knowledge developed outside a group. Related to IKEA effect. |
| Outgroup homogeneity bias | Ingroup bias | Individuals see members of their own group as being relatively more varied than members of other groups.[114] |
| Puritanical bias | Attribution bias | Refers to the tendency to attribute cause of an undesirable outcome or wrongdoing by an individual to a moral deficiency or lack of self-control rather than taking into account the impact of broader societal determinants .[115] |
| Pygmalion effect | The phenomenon whereby others' expectations of a target person affect the target person's performance. | |
| Reactance | The urge to do the opposite of what someone wants you to do out of a need to resist a perceived attempt to constrain your freedom of choice (see also Reverse psychology). | |
| Reactive devaluation | Devaluing proposals only because they purportedly originated with an adversary. | |
| Self-serving bias | Attribution bias | The tendency to claim more responsibility for successes than failures. It may also manifest itself as a tendency for people to evaluate ambiguous information in a way beneficial to their interests (see also group-serving bias).[116] |
| Sexual overperception bias / Sexual underperception bias | False priors | The tendency to over-/underestimate sexual interest of another person in oneself. |
| Social comparison bias | The tendency, when making decisions, to favour potential candidates who don't compete with one's own particular strengths.[117] | |
| Social desirability bias | Conformity bias | The tendency to over-report socially desirable characteristics or behaviours in oneself and under-report socially undesirable characteristics or behaviours.[118] See also: § Courtesy bias. |
| Shared information bias | Known as the tendency for group members to spend more time and energy discussing information that all members are already familiar with (i.e., shared information), and less time and energy discussing information that only some members are aware of (i.e., unshared information).[119] | |
| Trait ascription bias | Egocentric bias | The tendency for people to view themselves as relatively variable in terms of personality, behavior, and mood while viewing others as much more predictable. |
| Third-person effect | Egocentric bias | A hypothesized tendency to believe that mass communicated media messages have a greater effect on others than on themselves. As of 2020, the third-person effect has yet to be reliably demonstrated in a scientific context. |
| Ultimate attribution error | Attribution bias | Similar to the fundamental attribution error, in this error a person is likely to make an internal attribution to an entire group instead of the individuals within the group. |
| Worse-than-average effect | A tendency to believe ourselves to be worse than others at tasks which are difficult.[120] |
In psychology and cognitive science, a memory bias is a cognitive bias that either enhances or impairs the recall of a memory (either the chances that the memory will be recalled at all, or the amount of time it takes for it to be recalled, or both), or that alters the content of a reported memory. There are many types of memory bias, including:
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Bizarreness effect | Bizarre material is better remembered than common material. |
| Choice-supportive bias | The tendency to remember one's choices as better than they actually were.[121] |
| Conservatism or Regressive bias | Tendency to remember high values and high likelihoods/probabilities/frequencies as lower than they actually were and low ones as higher than they actually were. Based on the evidence, memories are not extreme enough.[122][123] |
| Consistency bias | Incorrectly remembering one's past attitudes and behaviour as resembling present attitudes and behaviour.[124] |
| Context effect | That cognition and memory are dependent on context, such that out-of-context memories are more difficult to retrieve than in-context memories (e.g., recall time and accuracy for a work-related memory will be lower at home, and vice versa). |
| Cross-race effect | The tendency for people of one race to have difficulty identifying members of a race other than their own. |
| Cryptomnesia | A form of misattribution where a memory is mistaken for imagination, because there is no subjective experience of it being a memory.[125] |
| Egocentric bias | Recalling the past in a self-serving manner, e.g., remembering one's exam grades as being better than they were, or remembering a caught fish as bigger than it really was. |
| Fading affect bias | A bias in which the emotion associated with unpleasant memories fades more quickly than the emotion associated with positive events.[126] |
| False memory | A form of misattribution where imagination is mistaken for a memory. |
| Generation effect (Self-generation effect) | That self-generated information is remembered best. For instance, people are better able to recall memories of statements that they have generated than similar statements generated by others. |
| Google effect | The tendency to forget information that can be found readily online by using Internet search engines. |
| Humor effect | That humorous items are more easily remembered than non-humorous ones, which might be explained by the distinctiveness of humor, the increased cognitive processing time to understand the humor, or the emotional arousal caused by the humor.[127] |
| Lag effect | The phenomenon whereby learning is greater when studying is spread out over time, as opposed to studying the same amount of time in a single session. See also spacing effect. |
| Leveling and sharpening | Memory distortions introduced by the loss of details in a recollection over time, often concurrent with sharpening or selective recollection of certain details that take on exaggerated significance in relation to the details or aspects of the experience lost through leveling. Both biases may be reinforced over time, and by repeated recollection or re-telling of a memory.[128] |
| Levels-of-processing effect | That different methods of encoding information into memory have different levels of effectiveness.[129] |
| List-length effect | A smaller percentage of items are remembered in a longer list, but as the length of the list increases, the absolute number of items remembered increases as well. For example, consider a list of 30 items ("L30") and a list of 100 items ("L100"). An individual may remember 15 items from L30, or 50%, whereas the individual may remember 40 items from L100, or 40%. Although the percent of L30 items remembered (50%) is greater than the percent of L100 (40%), more L100 items (40) are remembered than L30 items (15).[130][further explanation needed] |
| Misinformation effect | Memory becoming less accurate because of interference from post-event information.[131] |
| Modality effect | That memory recall is higher for the last items of a list when the list items were received via speech than when they were received through writing. |
| Mood-congruent memory bias | The improved recall of information congruent with one's current mood. |
| Negativity bias or Negativity effect | Psychological phenomenon by which humans have a greater recall of unpleasant memories compared with positive memories.[132][87] (see also actor-observer bias, group attribution error, positivity effect, and negativity effect).[108] |
| Next-in-line effect | When taking turns speaking in a group using a predetermined order (e.g. going clockwise around a room, taking numbers, etc.) people tend to have diminished recall for the words of the person who spoke immediately before them.[133] |
| Part-list cueing effect | That being shown some items from a list and later retrieving one item causes it to become harder to retrieve the other items.[134] |
| Peak–end rule | That people seem to perceive not the sum of an experience but the average of how it was at its peak (e.g., pleasant or unpleasant) and how it ended. |
| Picture superiority effect | The notion that concepts that are learned by viewing pictures are more easily and frequently recalled than are concepts that are learned by viewing their written word form counterparts.[135][136][137][138][139][140] |
| Positivity effect (Socioemotional selectivity theory) | That older adults favor positive over negative information in their memories. |
| Serial position effect | That items near the end of a sequence are the easiest to recall, followed by the items at the beginning of a sequence; items in the middle are the least likely to be remembered.[141] |
| Processing difficulty effect | That information that takes longer to read and is thought about more (processed with more difficulty) is more easily remembered.[142] |
| Reminiscence bump | The recalling of more personal events from adolescence and early adulthood than personal events from other lifetime periods.[143] |
| Self-relevance effect | That memories relating to the self are better recalled than similar information relating to others. |
| Source confusion | Confusing episodic memories with other information, creating distorted memories.[144] |
| Spacing effect | That information is better recalled if exposure to it is repeated over a long span of time rather than a short one. |
| Spotlight effect | The tendency to overestimate the amount that other people notice your appearance or behavior. |
| Stereotypical bias | Memory distorted towards stereotypes (e.g., racial or gender). |
| Suffix effect | Diminishment of the recency effect because a sound item is appended to the list that the subject is not required to recall.[145][146] |
| Suggestibility | A form of misattribution where ideas suggested by a questioner are mistaken for memory. |
| Tachypsychia | When time perceived by the individual either lengthens, making events appear to slow down, or contracts.[147] |
| Telescoping effect | The tendency to displace recent events backwards in time and remote events forward in time, so that recent events appear more remote, and remote events, more recent. |
| Testing effect | The fact that you more easily remember information you have read by rewriting it instead of rereading it.[148] |
| Tip of the tongue phenomenon | When a subject is able to recall parts of an item, or related information, but is frustratingly unable to recall the whole item. This is thought to be an instance of "blocking" where multiple similar memories are being recalled and interfere with each other.[125] |
| Travis Syndrome | Overestimating the significance of the present.[149] It is related to chronological snobbery with possibly an appeal to novelty logical fallacy being part of the bias. |
| Verbatim effect | That the "gist" of what someone has said is better remembered than the verbatim wording.[150] This is because memories are representations, not exact copies. |
| von Restorff effect | That an item that sticks out is more likely to be remembered than other items.[151] |
| Zeigarnik effect | That uncompleted or interrupted tasks are remembered better than completed ones. |
|journal=
(help)
|journal=
(help)
Young people, middle-aged people, and older people all believed they had changed a lot in the past but would change relatively little in the future.
As you might guess, the phenomenon is named after an incident in which I was talking to a friend about the Baader-Meinhof gang (and this was many years after they were in the news). The next day, my friend phoned me and referred me to an article in that day’s newspaper in which the Baader-Meinhof gang was mentioned.


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113489-new-members/topic/Function.20that.20takes.20a.20pair.html ---
I'm getting started. The tutorial wants me to write a function def curry (α β γ : Type) (f : α × β → γ) : α → β → γ := sorry
but I'm not sure the syntax for writing a function that it would take as an argument.
I tried
def g : ℕ × ℕ -> ℕ := λ x y, x + y #eval g (5, 3)
but it doesn't seem to like that: "failed to synthesize type class instance".
def g : ℕ × ℕ -> ℕ := λ ⟨x, y⟩, x + y #eval g (5, 3)
Thanks.
YH's trick used to confuse me when I was beginning. It's a clever and important trick, but you can also do this:
def g : ℕ × ℕ -> ℕ := λ xy, xy.1 + xy.2
Either way, the point is that ℕ × ℕ
is one type, so λ x y,
can't be the way to start. That's why you got the error.
As a professional mathematician who knew essentially nothing about functional programming when I started, I took a while to get the hang of all this basic stuff; on the other hand computer science undergraduates with a Haskell background find the whole thing trivial.
I see. I am checking out Lean after watching your recent talk on youtube. :-)
Great! When you're finished with Theorem Proving In Lean you could try the natural number game
A while back as a demo for some other stuff, I made a little interactive walkthrough about currying and uncurrying in Lean. Not sure if it's pitched at the right level (it assumes that you're OK with Lean's basic syntax), but you might find it helpful nonetheless.
Whoow! @Bryan Gin-ge Chen That's really fantastic! The way you walk through interactively writing the code, see the tactic state (and expected types), and have your explanation right below. Really really great!
What does
To use it yourself, add footer: stepEditor(steps, index) to the options object of leanEditor, where steps is an array of objects (see below) and index (optional, set to 0 by default) is the starting index.
mean? I am reading it as meaning "before you go any further, change an option in a place which you don't understand (the "options object of leanEditor").
Sorry, those are instructions for people who would want to use this function in another Observable notebook. I ought to to make that more clear.
Bryan I would happily promote these little notebooks on Twitter. I have followers who are in to little "gimmicky" stuff like this. Maybe you should send me a random list of cool little things you've done and I can shout them out. I still have under 1000 followers but it slowly goes up and I'm trying to figure out what works well in the ecosystem there; I suspect that this stuff might.
Thanks Kevin, feel free to share any or all of the notebooks in this "collection". @Kevin Kappelmann also has several neat tools / templates for Lean notebooks here.
I haven't had much time for Twitter recently, but my account is here. To be honest, at the moment I'd prefer to fix up my notebooks a bit more before making any kind of publicity push, as there are still lots of things I could do to make the editor more user friendly.
In the walkthrough linked to above, why not (a) delete all the stuff about how you made it and just make it a stand-alone thing with a link to a "how I did it" page, and (b) add a 15th page with the formalised sorried examples such as uncurry add' = add
and curry uncurry = id
so the user doesn't have to figure out how to formalise the statements? If they're interested they will figure out some more questions on their own after they've done the easier job of filling in the sorrys
Great suggestions! I'll try to implement them soon.
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import controllers.{Tab, routes, v2} @import models.{Case, Permission, StoredAttachment} @import models.request.AuthenticatedRequest @import utils.Dates @import views.html.partials.attachment @(id: String, attachments: Seq[StoredAttachment], showRemoval: Boolean = false, caseRef: String, startAtTabIndex : Option[Int] = None )(implicit request: AuthenticatedRequest[_], messages: Messages) @if(attachments.nonEmpty){
| File | Publish | Date |
|---|---|---|
|
@attachment(s"$id-row-$index", file, caseRef, useTabIndex = startAtTabIndex.map(x => x+1+(0*index)))
|
@if(file.public) {
|
@Dates.format(file.timestamp)
|
@messages("case.attachment.div.empty")
}


Properties
assets
assets: object
Type declaration
-
[resourceType: string]: number
availableLinks
availableLinks: StructureLink[]
bootstrapping
bootstrapping: boolean
breached
breached: boolean
constructionSites
constructionSites: ConstructionSite[]
controller
controller: StructureController
creepsByRole
creepsByRole: object
Type declaration
-
[roleName: string]: Creep[]
destinations
destinations: object[]
drops
drops: object
Type declaration
-
[resourceType: string]: Resource[]
extensions
extensions: StructureExtension[]
extractionSites
extractionSites: object
extractors
extractors: StructureExtractor[]
isIncubating
isIncubating: boolean
labs
labs: StructureLab[]
layout
layout: "twoPart" | "bunker"
level
level: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8
links
links: StructureLink[]
lowPowerMode
lowPowerMode: boolean
miningSites
miningSites: object
nuker
nuker: StructureNuker | undefined
observer
observer: StructureObserver | undefined
outposts
outposts: Room[]
overlords
overlords: object
powerSpawn
powerSpawn: StructurePowerSpawn | undefined
rechargeables
rechargeables: rechargeObjectType[]
repairables
repairables: Structure[]
roomNames
roomNames: string[]
sources
sources: Source[]
spawns
spawns: StructureSpawn[]
storage
storage: StructureStorage | undefined
terminal
terminal: StructureTerminal | undefined
terminalState
terminalState: TerminalState | undefined
tombstones
tombstones: Tombstone[]
towers
towers: StructureTower[]
Colonies are the highest-level object other than the global Overmind. A colony groups together all rooms, structures, creeps, utilities, etc. which are run from a single owned room.


visible
visible with element partially covering
visible with element covering the link – I don’t think it’s worth the trouble trying to exclude the hint here
visible in Shadow DOM
visibility: hidden
opacity: 0 – as always, Link Hints doesn’t care about opacity
display: none
transform: scale(0)
transform: scale(0.2) – in theory the hint could be correctly positioned here, but is this ever used in practice and worth the trouble?
width="0" height="0"
Partially off-screen iframe


“the first-ever nationwide strike against sexual harassment, and it’s led by working-class women of color”


Lusk, WY Help Waiting List: Enter property damage and needs assessments here. Inform the client this information will be shared with other voluntary organizations in an effort to provide service as fast as possible, which may be several weeks.


Various handy and commonly used routines developed by Evan McLean of McLean Computer Services.
(Looks like the BSD license, but less restrictive.)
Copyright (c) 2006-2011 Evan McLean. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Neither the names "Evan McLean", "McLean Computer Services", "EvLib" nor the names of any contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without prior written permission.
3. Products derived from this software may not be called "Evlib", nor may "Evlib" appear in their name, without prior written permission.

All of the code found under src/main was written by Evan McLean.
Some of the unit testing code under /src/test
was borrowed from
various sources as detailed below, however all code that is rolled into
evlib.jar
is licensed as detailed in license.txt and this
overview.
src/test/java/com/evanmclean/evlib/cache/ConcurrentHashMapCacheTest.java
Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166 Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain Other contributors include Andrew Wright, Jeffrey Hayes, Pat Fisher, Mike Judd.
src/test/java/com/evanmclean/evlib/cache/MapInterfaceTest.java
Copyright (C) 2008 Google Inc.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.


| Project Date -- 2018
| Skills Used -- spatial algorithms | python | matplotlib | object-oriented programming |
| Repository -- https://github.com/liviajakob/douglas-peucker-algorithm
Project Overview | Douglas-Peucker Line Generalisation Algorithm
In this project I implemented the spatial algorithm of Douglas and Peucker to generalise a line in python.
The results (see code here) show my understanding of computational algorithms and Object-Oriented design principles used to manipulate and analyse spatial data.
Example Results | Same data generalised with two different tresholds


Car sales area
Navbar
Home
(current)
Add car
Edit car
Signin
Registration
Brand:
Model:
Color:
Body type:
Year of issue:
Seller:


Last updated : April 12th, 2019
Public data collection
By using #findmybikes v2.1 (code version :28) or later, you acknowledge that this feature is on
by default and that there is no opt-out.
The collection and use happens only if the following conditions are met
- #findmybikes is running in the foreground
- #findmybikes located a bike
- #findmybikes determined that the closest station from your current location
CAN NOT
provide you service
- #findmybikes last refresh is dated from less than 15 minutes
- an internet connection is available
This non personal and non identifiable information is limited to :
- The
id and truncated name
(as provided by citybik.es API) of the closest station that
COULD
provide you service
- The
walking time
from your current location (which is
never
shared by #findmybikes) to the closest station that
COULD
provide you service
If relevant, #findmybikes also additionally collects :
- A
collection of station id
(as provided by citybik.es API) for each station that were closer than the selected one but
COULD NOT
provide you service either


Formulate the PCI DSS compliant user authentication and password policies and attach them to the information security policy.
Perform the following actions to formulate a PCI DSS compliant user authentication policy:
Require unique user IDs. Add a point that requires each authorized user to be assigned a unique user ID.
Require user authentication. Add a point that requires all users to be authenticated before being granted access.
Require two-factor authentication for remote access. Add a point that requires remote access to use two-factor authentication.
Require passwords to be secured. Add a point that requires passwords to be encrypted or hashed when stored or sent.
Require data access authorization. Add a point that requires access to be granted based on the access authorization forms. The access privileges should be explicitly stated by the authorization forms and implemented accordingly.
Define password reset procedures. Add a point that requires user identity to be verified before performing a requested password reset. One way to verify the user's identity is by having a meeting in person between the user and the administrator performing the reset.
Define handling of first-time passwords. Add a point that requires first-time passwords for new accounts to be unique and to be changed after first use.
Define handling of terminated employee accounts. Add a point that requires the user account to be removed when an employee is terminated.
Define handling of inactive accounts. Add a point that requires accounts that are not active for 90 days to be disabled or removed.
Define handling of vendor remote access accounts. Add a point that requires accounts used by vendors for remote access to be disabled when not in use.
Require user awareness of information security policies. Add a point that requires users to be familiar with user authentication and password policies and procedures. Users should know:
Prohibit shared user accounts. Add a point that requires there to be no shared or generic IDs. Administrators should not create shared IDs, even if asked to.
Require database authentication. Add a point that requires all database access to be authenticated. Other processes or individual users should not be able to use the authentication credentials used by any database application to access the database(s).
Require passwords to expire after 90 days. Add a point that requires passwords to be changed every 90 days.
Define a password length requirement. Add a point that requires passwords to be at least 7 characters long.
Define a password complexity requirement. Add a point that requires passwords to have both letters and numbers in them.
Forbid reusing previous passwords. Add a point that requires new passwords to not be the same as any of the four previous passwords for the same user.
Require account lockouts. Add a point that requires user accounts to be locked after a maximum of six failed login attempts.
Define account lockout duration. Add a point that requires user accounts to be locked for at least 30 minutes or until an administrator unlocks it. It is acceptable for an administrator to unlock the account before the lockout time is over.
Require idle session time-outs. Add a point that requires interactive sessions that are idle for 15 minutes to be locked automatically and require the user's password to unlock.
Update documentation. Attach the user authentication policy and the password policy to the information security policy. Instruct the responsible personnel to follow the stated policies. Implement the password policy by using Group Policy Objects in a Microsoft Active Directory environment. Please refer to the guidance article linked at the bottom of this page for more information about using GPOs to implement a PCI DSS compliant password policy.


@require('../header_css_libs.html') @require('../header_js_libs.html')
Oppia is currently being upgraded, and the site should be up and running again in a few hours. Thanks for your patience!


Prototype of an app that aims to help encourage the community to bond through community gardening.
To come up with a mobile application that promotes health, fitness and interaction among the community of a HDB estate. and designing an interactive prototype for it within a few weeks. The design was made for the iPhone 8 Plus.
I started off with doing research on the current activities that residents like to do in community. The idea was then developed, more research was carried out and surveys were sent out to get a rough idea of how the idea would do. After getting satisfactory results, more research was done, wireframes were sketched, a style guide was made, mockups were made and linked to create the interactive prototype. After user testing and reiterations, the final product was born.
-
Adobe Xd
UI/UX


Church minister who heckled Jeremy Corbyn suspended over tweets
The Kirk has launched an investigation into remarks posted on Richard Cameron’s account.
A Church of Scotland minister who branded Jeremy Corbyn a “terrorist sympathiser” has been suspended after controversial tweets emerged.
While campaigning in Glasgow on Wednesday, the Labour leader was interrupted as he explained the scarf he was wearing had been given to him by the Who Cares Scotland charity.
Richard Cameron, a minister at Scotstoun Parish Church, shouted at Mr Corbyn: “I thought you’d be wearing your Islamic jihad scarf.
“Who’s going to be the first terrorist invited to the House of Commons when you’re prime minister?”
After footage of the encounter attracted attention, Labour pointed to a series of controversial tweets it said were posted by Mr Cameron, including remarks saying “homosexual behaviour is a sin” and “allowing children to change their gender is wicked”.
The Church of Scotland said Mr Cameron will not be allowed to work as a minister while an inquiry takes place.
A spokesman said: “In accordance with our procedures, Rev Richard Cameron has been administratively suspended.
“This is to allow us to carry out an inquiry in relation to the incident which took place earlier this week and the subsequent complaints about his social media use.”
A post on Mr Cameron’s Twitter account in September read: “Christ has the power to help and change anyone. Obviously many gays hate this because want to carry on in their perversion.”
PA has checked the account and verified that it belongs to Mr Cameron.
During his encounter with the Labour leader, Mr Cameron also said: “Do you think that the man who is going to be prime minister of this country should be a terrorist sympathiser, Mr Corbyn?'”
The Labour leader did not react and was ushered into the nearby community centre he was due to visit.
Mr Cameron then accused Mr Corbyn of “running away”.
At the time, the Church of Scotland rebuked Mr Cameron for the way he approached the situation, saying: “Whilst we may occasionally robustly challenge policy issues with which we disagree, we always intend to do that in a way that is polite and measured and allows for reasoned debate.”


Text2Gene is a service that finds clinically relevant evidence for human genetic variants in PubMed papers.
To use the public version of Text2Gene, use the HGVS query form to enter in a genetic mutation string. The resultant page contains the original variant name entered, its gene name (if known), and a list of PubMed article entries mapped to their evidence sources, along with qualifying information, citation details, and publisher linkouts.
Text2Gene rapidly finds evidence for rare human genetic variants (MAF < .01) within published PubMed literature.
As clinical interpretation often hinges upon the quality and availability of evidence, finding this evidence has become the primary bottlneck for the speed and cost of genetic testing, even as the cost of genome sequencing declines.
Text2Gene performs the manual literature gathering that clinical scientists perform while finding evidence for a variant, while also broadening the reach using advanced text mining techniques.
The result: more clinically relevant annotations than you could find by manual searching alone, allowing you to save hundreds of hours of research time.
Text2Gene is an entirely automated, highly specialized search engine for human genetic variants (HGVS).
During the search, Text2Gene computes the logical lexical variations of a given variant, and uses these variant "synonyms" to find high-confidence mentions of the variant in PubMed articles. These articles are sourced from a combination of human-curated evidence databases (like ClinVar) and fulltext and/or abstract article indexes generated from clinical text processing.
Presently, no tool performs as comprehensive a search, finding as much relevant research, as Text2Gene. This is because Text2Gene makes use of many separate sources of hand-curated variant-evidence annotations alongside state-of-the-art clinical natural language processing tools.
Many tools rely heavily on experted-curated knowledge, but none of these sources individually can provide a set of evidence representing the best of what human curated annotations have to offer. By "casting a wide net" across reliable clinical databases Text2Gene catches many more evidence sources than searching any one alone.
Text2Gene leverages state-of-the-art clinical NLP (natural language processing) techniques to locate variants within novel evidence sources, many of which have not yet been accessioned into the human curated evidence databases.
The benefits of combining these two powerful approaches comprise the ultimate goal of Text2Gene: saving time researching clinical variants, and finding more highly relevant evidence towards clinical interpretation.
The most common reason why Text2Gene cannot find evidence for a given variant is that the variant has not yet been well characterized in published literature.
The public version of Text2Gene indexes variant mentions across the following sources:
Proprietary sources (such as HGMD and COSMIC) can be integrated on a per-institution basis (with proper licensing agreements). Please contact<EMAIL_ADDRESS>According to the ACMG, "Increasingly, clinical molecular laboratories are detecting novel sequence variants in the course of testing patient specimens for a rapidly increasing number of genes associated with genetic disorders."


| 002:120 Khan | : |
Never will the Jews nor the Christians be pleased with you (O Muhammad Peace be upon him ) till you follow their religion. Say: "Verily, the Guidance of Allah (i.e. Islamic Monotheism) that is the (only) Guidance. And if you (O Muhammad Peace be upon him ) were to follow their (Jews and Christians) desires after what you have received of Knowledge (i.e. the Qur'an), then you would have against Allah neither any Wali (protector or guardian) nor any helper. |
| 002:120 Maulana | : |
And the Jews will not be pleased with thee, nor the Christians, unless thou follow their religion. Say: Surely Allah's guidance, that is the (perfect) guidance. And if thou follow their desires after the knowledge that has come to thee thou shalt have from Allah no friend, nor helper. |
| 002:120 Pickthal | : |
And the Jews will not be pleased with thee, nor will the Christians, till thou follow their creed. Say: Lo! the guidance of Allah (Himself) is Guidance. And if thou shouldst follow their desires after the knowledge which hath come unto thee, then wouldst thou have from Allah no protecting guardian nor helper. |
| 002:120 Rashad | : |
Neither the Jews, nor the Christians, will accept you, unless you follow their religion. Say, "GOD's guidance is the true guidance." If you acquiesce to their wishes, despite the knowledge you have received, you will find no ally or supporter to help you against GOD. |
| 002:120 Sarwar | : |
The Jews and Christians will never be pleased with you unless you follow their faith. (Muhammad) tell them that the guidance of God is the only true guidance.  |
| 002:120 Shakir | : |
And the Jews will not be pleased with you, nor the Christians until you follow their religion. Say: Surely Allah's guidance, that is the (true) guidance. And if you follow their desires after the knowledge that has come to you, you shall have no guardian from Allah, nor any helper. |
| 002:120 Sherali | : |
And the Jews will never be pleased with thee, nor the Christians, unless thou followest their creed. Say 'Surely ALLAH's guidance alone is the true guidance,' And if thou follow their evil desires after the knowledge has come to thee, thou shalt have from ALLAH, no friend nor helper. |
| 002:120 Yusufali | : |
Never will the Jews or the Christians be satisfied with thee unless thou follow their form of religion. Say: "The Guidance of Allah,-that is the (only) Guidance." Wert thou to follow their desires after the knowledge which hath reached thee, then wouldst thou find neither Protector nor helper against Allah. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > توحيد الله تعالي > صفات الله تعالى > الولي Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Oneness of Allah> His Glory's Characteristics> The Protector and Guardian أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > الكافرون > متابعة الكفر Pillars of Islam> Islamic> The Disbelievers> Following-up Atheism أركان الإسلام > (محمد (صلى الله عليه وسلم > تأييد رسالته Pillars of Islam> The Blessed Muhammad(PBUH)> Supporting his Message الإيمان > الإيمان بالله > الهداية إلى الإيمان Faith> Belief In Allah> Guiding to Faith الديانات > بنو إسرائيل > عدم رضاهم عمن يتبع ملتهم Religions>Children of Israel> Their Dissatisfaction against those who do not Follow their Creed الديانات > النصارى > عدم رضاهم عمن لم يتبع ملتهم Religions>The Christians> Their Dissatisfaction against those who had not Follow their Creed
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


1. Go to 'view all customers'
2. you can view the details of the customers
3. At the bottom of the page click the tranfer button for transferring amount
4. Enter the Sender's and receiver's id along with the amount to be transferred
5. If the details are correct as well as the user have enough balance to transfer the amount, The page will show the 'successful' message
6. If Id's are incorrect or amount is not possible to be transferred then 'transaction failed' message will be displayed
7. After the end of transaction the user will be redirected to the 'view all customers' page


demhmc2
x
and one target variable
t
with data generated by sampling x
at equal intervals and then
generating target data by computing sin(2*pi*x)
and adding Gaussian
noise. The model is a 2-layer network with linear outputs, and the hybrid Monte
Carlo algorithm (without persistence) is used to sample from the posterior
distribution of the weights. The graph shows the underlying function,
100 samples from the function given by the posterior distribution of the
weights, and the average prediction (weighted by the posterior probabilities).
demhmc3
, hmc
, mlp
, mlperr
, mlpgrad
Copyright (c) Ian T Nabney (1996-9)


<anchorid>
The <anchorid>
element allows an author to define a @conref
target that will be resolved dynamically when rendered for an end user of the content. This
element is useful when doing an initial process of the DITA content prior to final
rendering of the content; it causes specified IDs to be preserved after that process, and
@conref
relationships that reuse the element will not be resolved during
the initial process.
Category: Delayed conref resolution elements


XSS stands for cross site scripting. Another interesting acronym is Cross-site request forgery (CSRF). All in all, what most of you should think about is that for web sites that are written without security in mind, or that simply have a bug, you can possibly infiltrate code of your own as an outsider. A good example of this would be the MySpace Worm which enabled the creator to have somebody who visited his MySpace profile, automatically add him as a friend. Additionally, that person automatically added his little code to their profile, automatically making all people that visited that persons profile the authors friend again.

So let’s see how long it took him to get a few friends. He included a little bit of code on his profile when he had 73 friends, an hour later somebody looked at his profile (1 more friend, bit more code on that persons page), 7 hours later he had 221 friend requests, one hour later 480, then another (he since accepted the 480 ;)) 561 another hour later, … 3 hours later 2503 friends and 6373 request; 5 hours later 2503 friends, 917084 requests, a few minutes later over a million friend requests.

Now that’s really fun. I mean nobody was hurt. But what follows next can be just a small little addition to that little worm, or an add you see, or a forum posting, or an article, … .

As seen in this article that has just been published, entitled U R Insecure - how URl exploits are changing the webappsec landscape, you can at this time on firefox, or ie, or any other browser really as long as it is on windows, infect the file system. What does that mean again? It means that provided I have somehow been able to inject code on a web site you are visiting, I can open a command prompt on your machine without you noticing, download a small application, install it, and then can do virtually anything to you. What could that be?

I delete all contents of your hard drive (actually don't need the app for that)

I turn of your computer

I scan all network drives for a file with "financial", "next", "quarter", "confidential" or something mixing those (of course then sending me those files)

Just to connect this again to the MySpace Worms. Within a few hours I’d have turned off a million PCs, or scanned them for confidential material. You will by now come up with your own ideas. The thing is that the door is wide open because a system in browsers allows you to open another application. There might be a joost:// prefix on your machine and Joost might be insecure (not saying it is!) and I embed a link that will open joost://something that will again give me access to the file system.

This is not posted to make anyone afraid, but it should alert us all that this Web 2.0 idea, and all the JavaScript usage, doesn’t make things easier. We can’t just bang out an Alpha release of something without some idea of security. This is possibly getting dangerous and we need to be aware. With suddenly being able to get online apps offline the problem will only be bigger. We can write great apps that run in a browser and I am looking forward to more cool things coming there, but keep in mind that it’s not all as simple as it sounds. Imagine this working on the iPhone (I am not aware that it is). I’ll just call a few numbers and you are broke and I am rich.


Canvas data container
DrawerJs will store and retrieve its data from this container.
Keys of this object are unique canvas generated ids.
Canvas images containerIf contentConfig.imagesContainer is specified, then drawer's rendered images will be stored to this container instead of in-place drawer's image


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113489-new-members/topic/proving.20em.20from.20dne.html ---
Hi, first question here. In section 3.5 Classical Logic of Theorem Proving in Lean, we're asked to prove excluded middle (em) from (double negative) dne. I'm not sure if I get what we're supposed to show. Please check my answer, particularly I am not sure if my hypothesis should be h: (not not p -> p) or the simpler one (that seems to work) h: not not p. Thanks
open classical theorem dne {p : Prop} (h : ¬ ¬ p) : p := or.elim (em p) (assume hp : p, hp) (assume hnp : ¬ p, absurd hnp h) theorem notp {p: Prop} (h: ( ¬ ¬ p )) : p ∨ ¬ p := have hpp: p, from dne h, show p ∨ ¬ p, from or.inl hpp variable p: Prop variable k : ¬ ¬ p #check notp k -- notp k : p ∨ ¬p
You can either prove notp
using by_contradiction
, or you can prove
theorem notp {p: Prop} (dne: ∀ p, ¬ ¬ p → p) : p ∨ ¬ p := sorry
without referencing any classical axioms
Yes, I would imagine that you're not supposed to be assuming any classical stuff here or else you can just prove excluded middle from nothing.
theorem notp {p: Prop} (dne: ∀ q, ¬ ¬ q → q) : p ∨ ¬ p := sorry
I think it's a bit less confusing if you use different letters for the free and bound variables, but of course it makes no difference to Lean.
I found these exercises so weird because as a mathematician I sort-of don't care how to do them but it was still irritating struggling to do them.
I think it's a bit less confusing if you use different letters for the free and bound variables, but of course it makes no difference to Lean.
good point. Thanks
Check out the bottom of https://softwarefoundations.cis.upenn.edu/lf-current/Logic.html#lab202
You can either prove
notp
usingby_contradiction
, or you can provetheorem notp {p: Prop} (dne: ∀ p, ¬ ¬ p → p) : p ∨ ¬ p := sorrywithout referencing any classical axioms
But using by_contradiction
is the same as using em
again which defeats the purpose of the exercise. Or does it :thinking: ?
Proving that excluded middle implies any of those statements is really easy -- excluded middle just lets you break into cases. But proving that each of those statements implies excluded middle can be challenging
yes, but I don't think I can use by_cases
or by_contradiction
in this problem
You're allowed to assume dne
in this theorem, so you're allowed to use by_contradiction
. You just can't use classical.em
apply dne, intro h
is the same as by_contradiction
, in fact the former is a bit better because it doesn't need decidability of the goal
in fact the former is a bit better because it doesn't need decidability of the goal
Look at what you've become!
ha ha, I will get back to glueing sheaves :-/
:smiley: ok, thanks a lot!
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


Version 1.4
Import the entire glyphset from the current font.
Import a glyphset from a space-separated .txt-file.
To add glyphs to the glyphset click the "+"-button in the toolbar. Enter mutliple glyphs by entering their names space-separated.
To remove glyphs from the passenger list, click-select them in the list and click the "-"-button in the toolbar. Hold Shift to select multiple glyphs.
Create the glyphs from your imported/edited glyphset in your current font. Glyphs that already exist in your current font will be respected, only glyphs that are not present in your current font will be created as template glyphs.
Warning: Creating Glyphs can not be undone.Create a space-separated .txt-file of your imported/edited glyphset.
Copy a space-separated string of your glyphset to the clipboard, ideal for pasting into a new default character set at RoboFont > Preferences > Character Set.
Copyright (c) 2013 Franz Heidl
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


Spencer Poisseroux
[Android] Planner App
Made with focus on SCRUM methodology
A cross-device planning app that allows
- account creation
- setting of tasks
- setting tasks due at certain dates/times
- ability to set alerts
- ability to set extra information for a task
- minimalistic UI/UX
- autopropagation to realtime database
- notification/alert intents that open to app
- management of tasks
demo:
in collaboration with: angela bonsol, laurie delinois, ophelia mendoza


|
Standard Reference Data Program |
Data Gateway |
Chemistry WebBook |
Go To: Top, References, Notes / Error Report
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: K.P. Huber and G. Herzberg
| State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E | 38505.9 | 308.8 H | 1.95 | -0.032 | E ← X R | 38370.3 H | ||||||
| Vago and Barrow, 1946 | ||||||||||||
| D 1Π | 32450.3 | 399.8 H | 1.93 | D ↔ X R | 32360.2 H | |||||||
| missing citation; Vago and Barrow, 1946 | ||||||||||||
| a (3Π1) | (25077) | [(412)] H | a → X R | 24993.73 H | ||||||||
| Lebreton, Bosser, et al., 1975 | ||||||||||||
| X 1Σ+ | 0 | 580.0 H | 1.78 | 0.1920117 1 | 0.0007767 1 | 0.842E-7 1 | 2.058324 | |||||
| Hoeft, 1965 |
| 1 | Rotational constants for 28Si80Se; Hoeft, 1965 gives constants for eight isotopic species. |
| 2 | From an extrapolation of the vibrational levels of the E 1Σ+ state assuming dissociation into 3P2 + 3P2 Vago and Barrow, 1946, Barrow, 1970. |
Go To: Top, Constants of diatomic molecules, Notes / Error Report
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Vago and Barrow, 1946
Vago, E.E.; Barrow, R.F.,
Ultra-violet absorption band-systems of SiS, SiSe and SiTe,
Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 1946, 58, 538. [all data]
Lebreton, Bosser, et al., 1975
Lebreton, J.; Bosser, G.; Ferran, J.; Marsigny, L.,
New emission spectrum of silicon monoselenide,
J. Phys. B:, 1975, 8, 141. [all data]
Hoeft, 1965
Hoeft, J.,
Das Mikrowellenrotationsspektrum des SiSe,
Z. Naturforsch. A, 1965, 20, 1122. [all data]
Barrow, 1970
Barrow,
In Rosen, 1970, 1970, 323. [all data]
Rosen, 1970
Rosen, B.,
International tables of selected constants. 17. Spectroscopic data relative to diatomic molecules, Pub. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1970, 0. [all data]
Go To: Top, Constants of diatomic molecules, References
Copyright for NIST Standard Reference Data is governed by the Standard Reference Data Act.
|
Standard Reference Data Program |
Data Gateway |
Chemistry WebBook |
If you have comments or questions about this site, please contact us.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load staticfiles i18n %} {% block css %} {{ block.super }} {% endblock %} {% block javascript %} {{ block.super }} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
NumPy is a general-purpose array-processing package designed to efficiently manipulate large multi-dimensional arrays of arbitrary records without sacrificing too much speed for small multi-dimensional
Alternative libraries suggested by the community


| S | stats toolbox needed | I | interactive (user input required) |
| B | bioinformatics toolbox needed | M | matlab needed (will not work in octave) |
| O | optimization toolbox needed | W | windows needed (will not work in linux) |
| X | currently broken | * | slow (two stars indicates very slow) |
| File Name | Brief Description | Page Number(s) | Tags |
|---|---|---|---|
| centralLimitDemo | Demonstration of the Central Limit Theorem, based on Bishop 2.6 | 78 | |
| changeOfVarsDemo1d | Change of Variables Demo 1D | 79 | |
| mcEstimatePi | Demo of monte carlo integration for estimating pi | 81 | |
| mcQuantileDemo | MC Quantile Demo | 81 | |
| ngramPlot | Plot unigrams and bigrams of Darwin's "On the origin of species" | 76 |


Students should select one Computer Science (CMT***) module, and two Journalism (MCT***) modules in the spring semester. Of the Journalism modules, students should select either:
or:
Click to select a module. Click a selected module to deselect. Module selections may be restricted due to timetabling clashes or selection rules above.
IMPORTANT! This page only allows you to check whether your selection of modules is valid, it does not count as an official selection! You must still choose your optional modules through SIMS
| Key |
| Core Module |
| Available Module |
| Unavailable Module |
| Selected Module |
| Autumn Semester | Spring Semester |
|---|---|
| MCT559 - Data Journalism (10 credits) | MCT542 - Digital Investigation (20 credits) |
| MCT509 - Reporters & Reported (10 credits) | CMT212 - Visual Communication & Information Design (20 credits) |
| CMT112 - Web Application Development (20 credits) | CMT111 - Web & Social Computing (20 credits) |
| CMT114 - Python for Data Analysis (20 credits) | CMT206 - Human Centric Computing (20 credits) |
| MCT481 - Reporting Business, Finance & Economics (10 credits) | |
| MCT494 - Global Crisis Reporting (10 credits) | |
| MCT498 - Reporting Health & Science (10 credits) | |
| MCT556 - Lifestyle & Consumer Journalism (10 credits) | |
| MCT554 - Motoring Journalism (10 credits) | |
| MCT555 - Business & Financial Journalism (10 credits) | |
| MCT557 - Political Reporting (10 credits) | |
| MCT558 - Sports Journalism (10 credits) | |
| MCT562 - Big Data, Society and Everyday Life (10 credits) | |
| MCT564 - Yr Agenda Cymreig (10 credits) | |
| MCT569 - Business Plan: Developing, Launching and Managing a Media Enterprise (10 credits) | |
| MCT570 - Investigative Journalism (10 credits) |


public class Match
extends java.util.Observable
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
Match()
Default constructor
|
Match(boolean iWantFrenzyMode,
boolean easyMode,
java.util.List<java.lang.String> usernames,
java.lang.String boardJsonName,
VirtualView view)
customized constructor
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
MatchState |
createMatchState()
method used to create the match state
|
void |
endMatch()
this method basically do the final update of the score that will be showned from the view to the client
|
void |
endTurn()
this method updates board and points at the end of the turn
and checks if we entered frenzy mode, if the match is ended, etc.
|
Board |
getBoard() |
Player |
getCurrentPlayer() |
int |
getCurrentPlayerLeftActions() |
java.util.List<Player> |
getDeadPlayers() |
Factory |
getFactory() |
boolean |
getFrenzyMode() |
Player |
getLastPlayer() |
int |
getNumberOfPlayers() |
Player |
getPlayerByUsername(java.lang.String username)
Get Player by username (if there is no player with that username returns null)
|
java.util.List<Player> |
getPlayers() |
Score |
getScore() |
void |
initializeMatch(java.lang.String boardFileName)
this method creates the board and everything it contains
|
boolean |
isEasyMode() |
boolean |
isEnded() |
boolean |
isiWantFrenzyMode() |
void |
notifyMatchState()
method used to send infos about the match to the view
|
void |
notifyPrivateHand(Player player)
method used to send info about the hand of a player to the view
|
void |
setBoard(Board board) |
void |
setCurrentPlayer(Player currentPlayer) |
void |
setCurrentPlayerLeftActions(int currentPlayerLeftActions) |
void |
setDeadPlayers(java.util.List<Player> deadPlayers) |
void |
setEasyMode(boolean easyMode) |
void |
setEnded(boolean ended) |
void |
setFactory(Factory factory) |
void |
setFrenzyMode(boolean frenzyMode) |
void |
setiWantFrenzyMode(boolean iWantFrenzyMode) |
void |
setIWantFrenzyMode(boolean iWantFrenzyMode) |
void |
setLastPlayer(Player lastPlayer) |
void |
setNextPlayer()
this method updates the current player
|
void |
setNumberOfPlayers(int numberOfPlayers) |
void |
setPlayers(java.util.List<Player> players) |
void |
setScore(Score score) |
public Match()
public Match(boolean iWantFrenzyMode, boolean easyMode, java.util.List<java.lang.String> usernames, java.lang.String boardJsonName, VirtualView view)
iWantFrenzyMode
- if the player wants the frenzyeasyMode
- if the player wants 5 skulls or 8usernames
- usernames of the playersboardJsonName
- board chosenview
- reference to the viewpublic void setLastPlayer(Player lastPlayer)
public void setFrenzyMode(boolean frenzyMode)
public void setiWantFrenzyMode(boolean iWantFrenzyMode)
public Player getLastPlayer()
public void setFactory(Factory factory)
public boolean isiWantFrenzyMode()
public void setDeadPlayers(java.util.List<Player> deadPlayers)
public void setNumberOfPlayers(int numberOfPlayers)
public Board getBoard()
public void setBoard(Board board)
public java.util.List<Player> getPlayers()
public void setPlayers(java.util.List<Player> players)
public Player getCurrentPlayer()
public int getCurrentPlayerLeftActions()
public void setCurrentPlayerLeftActions(int currentPlayerLeftActions)
public Score getScore()
public void setScore(Score score)
public void setIWantFrenzyMode(boolean iWantFrenzyMode)
public boolean getFrenzyMode()
public java.util.List<Player> getDeadPlayers()
public void setEasyMode(boolean easyMode)
public boolean isEasyMode()
public void setCurrentPlayer(Player currentPlayer)
public Factory getFactory()
public int getNumberOfPlayers()
public Player getPlayerByUsername(java.lang.String username)
username
- user of the playerpublic boolean isEnded()
public void setEnded(boolean ended)
public void initializeMatch(java.lang.String boardFileName)
boardFileName
- board chosenpublic void endMatch()
public void setNextPlayer()
public void endTurn()
public void notifyMatchState()
public void notifyPrivateHand(Player player)
player
- specific playerpublic MatchState createMatchState()


---
layout: post
title: 今天吃拉雅 taken with instagram at 新竹高鐵站hsinchu thsr
date: '2011-05-16T09:52:01+08:00'
tags: []
tumblr_url: http://blog.jln.co/post/5531876984/今天吃拉雅-taken-with-instagram-at-新竹高鐵站hsinchu-thsr
---
今天吃拉雅 (Taken with Instagram at 新竹高鐵站hsinchu Thsr)


Syntax
Physica's syntax is a mix of Python and Mathematica, along with a couple of unique elements, which are described thoroughly on this page.
String Literals
In order to create a string literal in Physica, you should use the delimiter '
. If you don't want to encounter transpilation issues, please avoid "
. Escaping works as expected: prepend a backslash to that character (e.g. 'Her name is \'Sally\''
gives Her name is 'Sally'). Note that you don't have to worry about transpiling in strings. The engine behing Physica's transpiler doesn't make any changes to pieces of code surrounded by '
characters.
Separators
Unlike Python's ,
(comma), the standard separator for function arguments is ;
(semicolon). When it comes to multiple statements on the same line, it's the other way around: Instead of Python's semicolon (;
), Physica uses a single comma (,
)
Naming convensions
Variable names should preferrably start with a lowercase letter, and should only contain alphanumeric characters, combined with underscores.
Functions typically start with a uppercase letters. If a function's name consists of two or more words, they all start with uppercase letters. The rest of the characters in a function name are usually lowercase letters, with the exceptions being input functions, such as STDIN
and ARGV
.
Functions that return a truthy / falsy value depending on whether their arguments satisfy certain conditions are called boolean functions. All built-in boolean functions have an uppercase Q
appended to their names (e.g. PrimeQ
).
Lists
{elem1; elem2; elem3; ...; elemn}
Lists in Physica are delimited using curly braces: {
and }
. Consistently with the separator convensions for function arguments, elements of lists are separated by semi-colons.


Welcome to my page!
This is page about me, Jellyfish! I am softbodied, free-swimming aquatic animals with a gelatinous umbrella-shaped bell and trailing tentacles. The bell can pulsate to acquire propulsion and locomotion.
Welcome to my page!
This is page about me, Jellyfish! I am softbodied, free-swimming aquatic animals with a gelatinous umbrella-shaped bell and trailing tentacles. The bell can pulsate to acquire propulsion and locomotion.
| Title | Published |
|---|---|
| Jellyfish types in Australia | 1900 |
| Jellyfish types in World | 1940 |
| Jellyfish encyclopedia | 1980 |
Click Here to visit my wiki page!


{% load admin_urls %} {# This template can be used for both scanner results and scanner query results. Keep it generic. #}
| Rule name | Files |
|---|---|
| {{ rule.name }} |
{% for file in rule.files %}
{% if file_id %}
{{ file }}
{% else %}
{{ file }}
{% endif %}
{% endfor %} |


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/Requirement.20for.20being.20.40.5Bsimp.5D.html ---
Hi, what lemmas can (not) be marked as @[simp]
? In particular, why arrow_congr_comp_apply
in https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib/pull/1119/files can't be marked as @[simp]
?
ping in this topic
You should think of simp
lemmas as reduction lemmas from the LHS to the RHS. In particular, given an instance of an LHS I need to know what expression (the RHS) it will reduce to. This is not the case for your lemma, since eb
occurs in the RHS, but not in the LHS.
@Floris van Doorn Thank you for the explanation!
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


ABOUT US
MARMARAS NAVIGATION LTD was established in 1976 and manages
a modern fleet of thirty three bulkers with a total capacity of
over 4.2 million deadweight and average age of 9.7 years.
Through its focus to the Greek Flag and commitment to safe and environmentally
responsible operations combined with high quality service, MARMARAS
has gained the privilege to be considered as a leader in global shipping.