A massively parallel coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian low Mach number reacting flow code is developed and used to study the structure and dynamics of a forced planar buoyant jet flame in two dimensions. The numerical construction uses a finite difference scheme with adaptive mesh refinement for solving the scalar conservation equations, and the vortex method for the momentum equations, with the necessary coupling terms. The numerical model construction is presented, along with computational issues regarding the parallel implementation. An experimental acoustically forced planar jet burner apparatus is also developed and used to study the velocity and scalar fields in this flow, and to provide useful data for validation of the computed jet. Burner design and laser diagnostic details are discussed, along with the measured laboratory jet flame dynamics. The computed reacting jet flow is also presented, with focus on both large-scale outer buoyant structures and the lifted flame stabilization dynamics. A triple flame structure is observed at the flame base in the computer flow, as is theoretically expected, but was not observable with present diagnostic techniques in the laboratory flame. Computed and experimental results are compared, along with implications for model improvements.


--- layout: documentation title: SendControlCodeEffectType ---
The SendControlCodeEffectType is intended to characterize the effects of actions upon objects where some control code, or other control-oriented communication signal, is sent to the object. For example, an action may send a control code to change the running state of a process.
| Field Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| @effect_typeoptional | EffectTypeEnum |
The effect_type field specifies the nature of the Defined Effect instantiated in the place of the Defined_Effect element. |
| Control_Code1..1 | string |
The Control_Code field specifies the actual control code that was sent to the object. |


--- layout: post title: Yarn Along date: 2012-07-11 12:56:22.000000000 -04:00 categories: - Craft - Knitting - Yarn Along tags: - Bendigo Woollen Mills Rustic 8ply - Puerperium - Tea leaves cardigan status: publish type: post published: true meta: aktt_notify_twitter: 'no' _edit_last: '1' dsq_thread_id: '1187985567' author: login: cint email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Jacinta first_name: Jacinta last_name: '' ---
Joining in with Ginny at Small Things.
Well I have made a little more progress with my Tea Leaves cardi. I now have one sleeve! I made a start on a Beyond Puerperium for a friend's baby and it has been knitting up beautifully, but it is sizing up HUGE! I tried it on Jairah who is 3 and it fits him, it's meant to be 3-6month in size. I have put it aside and will try knitting another Puerperium but I'll try the newborn size. Has anyone else found the Puerperium runs on the large size? I have used the yarn and needle size the pattern calls for. Oh well, looks like Jairah will score himself a new outfit. The yarn is by Bendigo Woollen Mills from their Rustic line in Elm, which I would describe as a lovely grey/green. Thankfully when I originally ordered the yarn for this project, I could decided between Elm and another yarn colour, Lake blue, so I got them both. Looks like the baby will be geting a lovely blue Puerperium instead!
[caption id="attachment_1814" align="aligncenter" width="600"] I could always go for a Michael Jackson look![/caption]
[caption id="attachment_1813" align="aligncenter" width="450"] This is meant to be size 3-6months![/caption]
I am reading The Year The Horses Came, by Mary Mackey. It is the first book in the Earthsong trilogy. Based back in ancient times, it is based on a girl, Marrah, who only knows peaceful living. Her people worship Goddess Earth. She has a vision of terrible beastmen invading their peaceful living and sets off accompanied by her brother, Arang, and Stavan, a man who she rescued from near death, to warn a priestess in a faraway city of the possible attack from the beastmen. I'm only half way through, so the storyline is still unfolding. I'm liking it so far.
Looking forward to seeing all your gorgeous knitting and hearing about what everyone is reading. Jacinta x


create an anonymous user based on github email or mac addr
This is called if there's no JWT. If it reaches a 6th call it will create an anon user.
Generated using TypeDoc
create an anonymous user based on github email or mac addr


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|
Modbus cpp
0.1
|
Enumerations | |
| enum | MBErrorCode : uint8_t { IllegalFunction = 0x01, IllegalDataAddress = 0x02, IllegalDataValue = 0x03, SlaveDeviceFailure = 0x04, Acknowledge = 0x05, SlaveDeviceBusy = 0x06, NegativeAcknowledge = 0x07, MemoryParityError = 0x08, GatewayPathUnavailable = 0x10, GatewayTargetDeviceFailedToRespond = 0x11, ErrorCodeCRCError = 0b0111111, InvalidCRC = 0b01111110, InvalidByteOrder = 0b01111101, InvalidMessageID = 0b01111100, ProtocolError = 0b01111011, ConnectionClosed = 0b01111010, Timeout = 0b01111001 } |
| enum | MBFunctionCode : uint8_t { ReadDiscreteOutputCoils = 0x01, ReadDiscreteInputContacts = 0x02, ReadAnalogOutputHoldingRegisters = 0x03, ReadAnalogInputRegisters = 0x04, WriteSingleDiscreteOutputCoil = 0x05, WriteSingleAnalogOutputRegister = 0x06, WriteMultipleDiscreteOutputCoils = 0x0F, WriteMultipleAnalogOutputHoldingRegisters = 0x10, Undefined = 0x00 } |
| All modbus standard function codes + Undefined one. | |
| enum | MBFunctionType { Read, WriteSingle, WriteMultiple } |
| Simplified function types. | |
| enum | MBFunctionRegisters { OutputCoils, InputContacts, HoldingRegisters, InputRegisters } |
| Simplified register types. | |
Functions | |
| bool | isStandardErrorCode (MBErrorCode code) |
| Checks if error code is modbus standard error code. | |
| std::string | mbErrorCodeToStr (MBErrorCode code) noexcept |
| Converts Modbus error code to it's string representation. | |
| MBFunctionType | functionType (const MBFunctionCode code) |
| Checks "Function type", according to MBFunctionType. | |
| MBFunctionRegisters | functionRegister (const MBFunctionCode code) |
| Get register type based on function code. | |
| std::string | mbFunctionToStr (MBFunctionCode code) noexcept |
| Converts modbus function code to its string represenatiton. | |
| uint16_t | bigEndianConv (const uint8_t *buf) |
| Create uint16_t from buffer of two bytes, ex. { 0x01, 0x02 } => 0x0102. | |
| uint16_t | calculateCRC (const uint8_t *buff, size_t len) |
| Calculates CRC. | |
| uint16_t | calculateCRC (const std::vector< uint8_t > &buffer) |
| Calculate CRC wrapper. | |
Namespace that contains many useful utility functions and enums that are used in the whole project.
| enum MB::utils::MBErrorCode : uint8_t |
All possible modbus error codes


--- title: "Parnell" slug: "parnell" description: "An interactive visualisation showing parking tickets issued in Parnell, Auckland, New Zealand" category: "project-src" includes_js: true extra_js: - "https://api.mapbox.com/mapbox-gl-js/v2.2.0/mapbox-gl.js" includes_css: true extra_css: - "https://api.mapbox.com/mapbox-gl-js/v2.2.0/mapbox-gl.css" tags: - "projects" - "sourcecode" ---
Source: Auckland Transport


Annotate Mode To decorate a drawing
Choose Annotate from MenuBar - Mode or
Press | or End from any GIN mode.
Press numeric keys to execute commands:
0 OptionsSet Annotate Mode options
1Tag Insert a Tag Marker
2-2 LeaderStart or end a plain leader.
2-3ArrowStart or end a leader with arrowhead.
4BubbleInsert a bubble into the workfile (prompted).
2-5HookStart or end a leader with a hook.
6UndlnUnderline text at the cursor position.
7-7BoxDraw a box around text at cursor position.
8CutinCut text into exisitng line (prompt provided)
9ConstructDraw a construction line
Esc cancels a pending operation.
Enter completes a pending operation.
All vectors are drawn in Pen 1, all text in Pen 2..


max msp
This page collects the externals I’ve built for MAX MSP. Two of my interests in computer music are the use of non-linear dynamic processes, and the creation of rhythms which imply but evade a sense of pulse. These externals follow from those interests. None of these are in any sense complete instruments. They are novel building blocks which I have used in my own music, and that could be used in 1000 other ways. The audio demos here are raw, to show the behaviour of the objects not examples of you would use them - that is left as an exercise for the reader.
cpg~ objects
A set of objects for working with Central Pattern Generator neural networks in MAX/MSP. See the project page here
hyperuniform~
A signal rate, “stochastic” rhythm generator. The process behind hyperuniform~ is my impressionistic take on the concept of “hyperuniformity in the disordered, jammed, packing of soft spheres”” as outlined in this paper. The object allows for direct control of some rhythmic elements within an overall stochastic rhythmic environment.
Externals, code and more info avaliable at github
Why?
First off, the overall shape of the thing is appealing to me: a fixed set of discrete units of time is strung together, and deformed, and this happens in a controllably random way. It has the potential to avoid the rhythmic grid, and strong repetition, while retaining patterning that the ear can follow.
It’s also slightly inspired by neuroscientific research on rhythm perception. Research suggests this is best modelled as both pulse-based and stochastic. It is thought that we anticipate the next rhythmic event based on previous events, but via a stochastic estimation mechanism (see e.g. Rhythm Music and the Brain by Thaut).
bounce~
This is my implementation and slight development of an audio synthesis technique described by Peter Blasser of Ciat Lonbarde fame. In simple terms it is a bank of chaotic triangle wave oscillators. The behaviour of the oscillators can be imagined, very roughly, as following the path of a group of imaginary balls bouncing around in a gravity and friction-free tube. When a ball hits another ball, or hits the top or bottom of the tube, it reverses its direction of travel. The paths of these balls are output as waveforms. With a single ball this is a crude (non-bandlimited) triangle oscillator, but when you add a couple more, things become much more interesting. This is great for patterned-but-unpredictable LFOs, or if you like noisy textural synthesis (and I do) for audio.
features of my implementation:
- control over triangle slope
- waveshaping (to pseudo-sinusoid or hyperbolic sine)
- control of voice-to-voice frequency modulation (position of ball A modulates the speed of ball B, etc.)
- optional antialiasing adapted from the polynomial transition region technique. (You can turn this off if if you just want to use if as an LFO.)
It’s best suited to quite specific, textural use cases, but if you like this sort of thing (rythmically articulated digital chaos!) it’s a lot of fun. I think it’s very expressive and very playable, and I use it for live performances quite often. Here are some (not very musical) demos
henon~
This is a sonification of the Hénon map equation. It produces interesting noise textures in certain parts of its parameter space, and interesting transitions between noise and pitch in others. There is a choice of interpolation methods (drop sample, linear and b-spline) which affect the sound character considerably. I built this as a framework for sonifying other non-linear equations. I tried a few other equations out, but the Hénon map was probably the most usueable I found. It’s very simple to substitute in other equations you’re interested in. Just swap out my au_henon_calc function for one calculating the equation of your choice, then change the parameter inputs to match.


Simulate input() - uses browser.widgetsThis is another replacement for the built-in functioninput() ,
using the module dialog included in a package of the Brython
standard library, browser.widgets.
This module exposes classes to manage dialog boxes:
|


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Repairnator is an automated program repair bot for Travis CI Learn more on Github
{{ key }} : {{ inspector[key] }}
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Michigan group to hold talk on vaping and risk to children
WARREN, Mich. (AP) - CARE of Southeastern Michigan is presenting a discussion in Macomb County about vaping and its risk to children.
Tuesday night’s free event will be held the Macomb Community College South Campus in Warren, north of Detroit. Parents and school-aged children are encouraged to attend.
Federal health officials have tallied nearly 1,900 cases of vaping-related lung illness nationwide as of Oct. 29, including 37 deaths confirmed in 24 states.
Gov. Gretchen Whitmer in September ordered the issuance of emergency rules banning flavored electronic cigarettes after her chief medical executive found that youth vaping is a public health emergency. Whitmer has accused the makers of using candy flavors and deceptive ads to hook children.
A Michigan Court of Claims judge last month issued a preliminary injunction, blocking the state’s ban.
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What is Music by the Genres?
Music by the Genres is a learning challenge website. Basically, you're going to go through 4 pages to learn about the
Classical,
Rock,
Pop, and
Country genres of music. Want to learn more about this epic test? Read the rules and guidelines ahead! We wish you the best of luck if you decide to take the challenge.


IBplusTree Constructor. Alpha is a parameter (0 < alpha < 1) which can be tuned to adjust space(hence update cost)/query_time tradeoff. Higher values will lead to fewer splits and hence less storage expansion, but also to worse query efficiency. Smaller values will lead to better query efficiency, but increase storage requirements and update costs (due to reinsertion of split parts).
The tree's maximum number of children per node.
If alpha is inferior to 0 time splits are not used, and otherwise they are (see consideration regarding alpha above).
If alpha is inferior to 0 time splits are not used, and otherwise they are (see consideration regarding alpha above).
Find all intervals stored in the tree that intersect the given range.
The range query lower bound
The range query upper bound
Set of intervals that intersect the range
Represents the current tree as a string. Useful for printing purposes.
the root as a string
Find all intervals stored in the tree that are contained in the given range.
The range query lower bound
The range query upper bound
Set of intervals that are contained in the range
Delete the given Interval from the tree
The Interval to be removed
Verify if the given interval exists in the tree.
the interval to be searched
the object if exists, null otherwise.
Insert the given Interval in the tree
The interval to be inserted
Gets the Interval with the lowest bound that intersects the given interval.
The interval query lower bound
The interval query upper bound
the FlatInterval that was found, null if none intersected.
Destroy all intervals stored in the tree that are fully contained in the given bounds.
The range query lower bound
The range query upper bound
Get all intervals stored in the tree with equal bounds to the given ones.
The interval query lower bound
The interval query upper bound
Array of found intervals.
Generated using TypeDoc
Class implementation of a Interval B+-Tree. This is the class the user will be importing and using, so it works as an user interface for the IB+-tree
Based on Article: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1343/91e2537a8a9db15a1b5cce2ef66aa3352506.pdf B+tree where each node is augmented with the same kind of information as in the binary Interval-trees.


Tesla Truck is one of the latest design
delivered by Tesla. It was initially
released in 2018. The qulaity of materials used in the production of Tesla Truck are quite impressive.
P-82 S Model
P-82 S Model is the one the best model developed by Tesla Company. It was initially released in 2016 and was a quite successful model in South America and other major part of European counteries.
P-85 S Model
P-85 S model can be considered one the great design emphasizing the comfort for the customer while driving. The model is available in both red and black color. P-85 S Model was initially launced in 2018.
Tesla Model 3
Tesla Model 3 overall strcuture emphasizes the safety that can withstand roof-crush test of four times its own mass. This model also built in with advanced AI for auto driving mode.
Tesla Model X
Tesla Model X is an upgraded model of Tesla Model S with bigger space for the passengers. It provides industry-leading range and convient charging options, all over the world.
Tesla Model Y
Tesla Model Y designed to be the safest vehicle in its class with the low center of gravity, rigid body strucutre and large crumple zones provide unparalleled protection.


HTTP Requests
So far in Phase 1 of DBC I've been living on my computer. Nearly everything that I've created has been isolated from the web (with the exception of accessing gems.) Phase 2 will be different. Now we are starting to get our feet wet with the net.
HTTP was originally designed as a way to enable communication between users and a server, and works as a request-response protocol between said user(URL request) and server(route). Two of the most often used HTTP methods are GET and POST. User requests always come in form of a URL. Your job is setting up the server routes to direct those URL requests.
GET
The GET method requests/retrieves data from the server.
POST
The POST method submits data to be processed by the server.
So how do we use these HTTP methods as a Rubyist? One way is by using a gem called 'Sinatra'Note: Sinatra is a DSL (domain specific language)
Sinatra
As Sinatra is a gem, you should first install it and then require the gem in your source file. (Require 'rubygems' to allow gems to work as well).
GET Route
To start us off, write out this in your source ruby file.
This is a route. We are telling our server that if a user requests(via GET) the root URL ('/'), then post this message. We can also do this:
Now we are saying that if a user requests(via GET) a '/about' URL, then post this message.
URL Parameters
We can also access the URL parameters in our message.
Our message will vary according to what our users put in as their URL (via GET). We can access these varying URL parameters(:name and :city) in our message by using string interpolation #{params[:URLparameter]} and method chain them.
POST Route
Now let's do something more interesting. Write this in your file:
This is saying if a user requests(via GET) the URL '/form', load the form.erb file located in your views directory.(as requested on line 21) So you should create a views directory and a form.erb inside your views directory.
Inside your form.erb file, write this:
If you took the time to check this out with a DOM, you would see that line 1 is you setting up another conditional route so that users can send data to be processed by the server. the form action ='/hello' is a redirect page where you can view your POST request. Line 2 is setting up a text box via type='text', and naming it 'message' so that you can set a GET request to the URL you defined on line 1(form action ="/form") and use the text that you saved as 'message'. Check out the image below.
So what we did was GET a form.erb view, setup a POST request that takes a 'message' to a corresponding URL, and then created the actual POST route to display 'message'
Error messages:
Error messages are known as 404. If you request a URL for which there isn't a route, you will get an error message. To customize these messages, use the following in your basics.rb route file.


Please make note of the new Einstein Wasp System address:
http://waspsystem.einstein.yu.edu/ws/
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SoundEffect QML Type
The SoundEffect type provides a way to play sound effects in QML. More...
| Import Statement: | import QtMultimedia 5.8 |
| Instantiates: | QSoundEffect |
Properties
- category : string
- loops : int
- loopsRemaining : int
- muted : bool
- playing : bool
- source : url
- status : enumeration
- volume : qreal
Signals
- categoryChanged()
- loadedChanged()
- loopCountChanged()
- loopsRemainingChanged()
- mutedChanged()
- playingChanged()
- sourceChanged()
- statusChanged()
- volumeChanged()
Methods
Detailed Description
This type allows you to play uncompressed audio files (typically WAV files) in a generally lower latency way, and is suitable for "feedback" type sounds in response to user actions (e.g. virtual keyboard sounds, positive or negative feedback for popup dialogs, or game sounds). If low latency is not important, consider using the MediaPlayer or Audio types instead, since they support a wider variety of media formats and are less resource intensive.
Typically the sound effect should be reused, which allows all the parsing and preparation to be done ahead of time, and only triggered when necessary. This is easy to achieve with QML, since you can declare your SoundEffect instance and refer to it elsewhere.
The following example plays a WAV file on mouse click.
Text { text: "Click Me!"; font.pointSize: 24; width: 150; height: 50; SoundEffect { id: playSound source: "soundeffect.wav" } MouseArea { id: playArea anchors.fill: parent onPressed: { playSound.play() } } }
Since SoundEffect requires slightly more resources to achieve lower latency playback, the platform may limit the number of simultaneously playing sound effects.
Property Documentation
This property contains the category of this sound effect.
Some platforms can perform different audio routing for different categories, or may allow the user to set different volume levels for different categories.
This setting will be ignored on platforms that do not support audio categories.
This property holds the number of times the sound is played. A value of 0 or 1 means the sound will be played only once; set to SoundEffect.Infinite to enable infinite looping.
The value can be changed while the sound effect is playing, in which case it will update the remaining loops to the new value.
This property contains the number of loops remaining before the sound effect stops by itself, or SoundEffect.Infinite if that's what has been set in loops.
This property provides a way to control muting. A value of true
will mute this effect. Otherwise, playback will occur with the currently specified volume.
source : url |
This property holds the url for the sound to play. For the SoundEffect to attempt to load the source, the URL must exist and the application must have read permission in the specified directory. If the desired source is a local file the URL may be specified using either absolute or relative (to the file that declared the SoundEffect) pathing.
This property indicates the current status of the SoundEffect as enumerated within SoundEffect. Possible statuses are listed below.
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| SoundEffect.Null | No source has been set or the source is null. |
| SoundEffect.Loading | The SoundEffect is trying to load the source. |
| SoundEffect.Ready | The source is loaded and ready for play. |
| SoundEffect.Error | An error occurred during operation, such as failure of loading the source. |
This property holds the volume of the sound effect playback.
The volume is scaled linearly from 0.0
(silence) to 1.0
(full volume). Values outside this range will be clamped.
The default volume is 1.0
.
UI volume controls should usually be scaled nonlinearly. For example, using a logarithmic scale will produce linear changes in perceived loudness, which is what a user would normally expect from a volume control. See QtMultimedia.convertVolume() for more details.
Signal Documentation
The categoryChanged
signal is emitted when the category property has changed.
The corresponding handler is onCategoryChanged
.
The loadedChanged
signal is emitted when the loading state has changed.
The corresponding handler is onLoadedChanged
.
The loopCountChanged
signal is emitted when the initial number of loops has changed.
The corresponding handler is onLoopCountChanged
.
The loopsRemainingChanged
signal is emitted when the remaining number of loops has changed.
The corresponding handler is onLoopsRemainingChanged
.
The mutedChanged
signal is emitted when the mute state has changed.
The corresponding handler is onMutedChanged
.
The playingChanged
signal is emitted when the playing property has changed.
The corresponding handler is onPlayingChanged
.
The sourceChanged
signal is emitted when the source has been changed.
The corresponding handler is onSourceChanged
.
The statusChanged
signal is emitted when the status property has changed.
The corresponding handler is onStatusChanged
.
The volumeChanged
signal is emitted when the volume has changed.
The corresponding handler is onVolumeChanged
.
Method Documentation
Returns whether the sound effect has finished loading the source.
Start playback of the sound effect, looping the effect for the number of times as specified in the loops property.
This is the default method for SoundEffect.
SoundEffect { id: playSound source: "soundeffect.wav" } MouseArea { id: playArea anchors.fill: parent onPressed: { playSound.play() } }


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from piadcs import readFromConsecutiveRegisters, writeToConsecutiveRegisters
import spidev
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
from time import sleep
from .constants import *
[docs]def startConversions(strt):
"""Starts ADC1 conversions by pulling the START pin high
Arguments
----------
STRT : int
The BCM number for the GPIO pin connected to the start pin of the ADC
Pin 26 is used for this in the example wiring diagram
"""
GPIO.output(strt, 1)
[docs]def stopConversions(strt):
"""Stops ADC1 conversions by pulling the START pin low
Arguments
----------
STRT : int
The BCM number for the GPIO pin connected to the start pin of the ADC
Pin 26 is used for this in the example wiring diagram
"""
GPIO.output(strt, 0)
[docs]def startCommand(connection):
"""Starts ADC1 conversions using the start command sent over SPI
Arguments
----------
Connection : SpiDev object
The spi connection you use to communicate with the ADC. See spidev
documentation for more details (https://pypi.org/project/spidev/)
"""
connection.xfer2([START1])
[docs]def stopCommand(connection):
"""Stops ADC1 conversions using the stop command sent over SPI
Arguments
----------
Connection : SpiDev object
The spi connection you use to communicate with the ADC. See spidev
documentation for more details (https://pypi.org/project/spidev/)
"""
connection.xfer2([STOP1])
[docs]def init_GPIO_SPI(STRT, DRDY, PWDN, connection, spiBus, spispeedHz, spidevice=0):
"""initializes the GPIO pins and SPI bus on the Raspbery Pi
Arguments
----------
STRT : int
The BCM number for the GPIO pin connected to the start pin of the ADC
Pin 26 is used for this in the example wiring diagram
DRDY : int
The BCM number for the GPIO pin connected to the data ready pin of
the ADC. Pin 4 is used for this in the example wiring diagram
PWDN : int
The BCM number for the GPIO pin connected to the power down pin of the
ADC. Pin 27 is used for this in the example wiring diagram
Connection : SpiDev object
The spi connection you use to communicate with the ADC. See spidev
documentation for more details (https://pypi.org/project/spidev/)
spiBus : int
The spi bus on the Raspberry Pi that you want to use to communicate
with the ADS126x. bus 0 is is used for this in the example
spispeedHz : int
The speed in Hertz of the SPI clock. This should scale depending on
your ADC datarate. Higher data rates will require faster SPI.
communication
spidevice : int, optional
Sets SPI device if using multiple devices on the same SPI bus. Default
is zero and can be left as such if you are only using the one device.
"""
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(STRT, GPIO.OUT) # start pin at gpio pin 4 - output
GPIO.setup(DRDY, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP) # DRDY pin
GPIO.setup(PWDN, GPIO.OUT) # PWDN pin
connection.open(spiBus, spidevice) # (bus, device)
connection.mode = 0b01
connection.bits_per_word = 8
connection.max_speed_hz = spispeedHz
[docs]def restart(strt, pwdn):
"""restarts the ADS126x
Arguments
----------
STRT : int
The BCM number for the GPIO pin connected to the start pin of the ADC
In the example wiring diagram this is pin 22
PWDN : int
The BCM number for the GPIO pin connected to the power down pin
of the ADC. In the example wiring diagram this is pin 27
"""
GPIO.output(pwdn, 0) # turn it off
sleep(.5) # let it have a nap
GPIO.output(pwdn, 1) # turn it on
# Set start low so conversions don't run and DRDY doesn't pulse
GPIO.output(strt, 0)
sleep(2)
[docs]def read_Data_By_Command_CHK(connection):
"""reads a single conversion from the ADS1262. Use for reading in pulse
conversion mode See datasheet section <IP_ADDRESS>.
Arguments
----------
Connection : SpiDev object
The spi connection you use to communicate with the ADC. See spidev
documentation for more details (https://pypi.org/project/spidev/)
Returns
-------
tuple
Returns a tuple containing a list of 4 bytes representing the
raw output of the ADC, and an error check. If the error check
is None that means that the checksum passed and the data is useable.
If the checksum fails the list will be None, and the error check
will be the string "Checksum Failed". If you are getting a lot of
this error, you may want to consider increasing SPI speed.
"""
connection.xfer2([RDATA1])
datain = connection.readbytes(6)
if datain[5] != sum(datain[1:5])+0x9B & 255:
return None, "Checksum Failed"
else:
return datain[1:5], None
[docs]def read_Continuous_CHK(connection, DRDY):
"""reads a 32 bit conversion from the ADC. Use for reading direct
(ADS126x datasheet section <IP_ADDRESS>)
Arguments
----------
Connection : SpiDev object
The spi connection you use to communicate with the ADC. See spidev
documentation for more details (https://pypi.org/project/spidev/)
DRDY : int
The BCM number for the GPIO pin connected to the data ready pin
of the ADC. Pin 4 is shown for this in the wiring diagram
Returns
-------
tuple
Returns a tuple containing a list of 4 bytes representing the
raw output of the ADC, and an error check. If the error check
is None that means that the checksum passed and the data is useable.
If the checksum fails the list will be None, and the error check
will be the string "Checksum Failed". If you are getting a lot of
this error, you may want to consider increasing SPI speed.
"""
dataready = GPIO.wait_for_edge(DRDY, GPIO.FALLING, timeout=5000)
if dataready is None:
return None, 'Timeout occurred - check data ready pin, and make sure start pin or start command was used'
else:
datain = connection.readbytes(6)
if datain[5] != sum(datain[1:5])+0x9B & 255:
return None, "Checksum Failed"
else:
return datain[1:5], None
[docs]def convert_data(datain):
"""converts the output of the ADC into a voltage
Arguments
----------
datain : list
A list of bytes (the raw output of the adc)
Returns
-------
float
a float indicating a voltage between 2.5v and -2.5v - This will
not be adjusted for PGA gain. If you use a voltage reference other
than midsupply (2.5v) which is what is used by the internal
reference then you will need to adjust this accordingly
"""
combined_data = datain[0] << 24 | datain[1] << 16 | datain[2] << 8 | datain[3]
if(combined_data & (1 << 31)) != 0:
combined_data = combined_data - (1 << 32)
converteddata = float(combined_data*(2.5/2**31))
return converteddata
[docs]def write_all_regs(connection, power=0x01, interface=0x05, mode0=0x00,
mode1=0x00, mode2=0x04, inpmux=0x01, ofcal0=0x00, ofcal1=0x00,
ofcal2=0x00, fscal0=0x00, fscal1=0x00, fscal2=0x40, idacmux=0xBB,
idacmag=0x00, refmux=0x00, tdacp=0x00, tdacn=0x00, gpiocon=0x00,
gpiodir=0x00, gpiodat=0x00, adc2cfg=0x00, adc2mux=0x01,
adc2ofc0=0x00, adc2ofc1=0x00, adc2fsc0=0x00, adc2fsc1=0x40):
"""writes the default (or user specified) values to all the registers
on the ADS126x.
Arguments
----------
Connection : SpiDev object
The spi connection you use to communicate with the ADC. See spidev
documentation for more details (https://pypi.org/project/spidev/)
Registers : byte, optional
This function has 26 optional arguments wich correspond to the 26 8-bit
programming registers on the ADS126x.The default arguments are the default
values for those registers. This is based on the ADS126x datasheet.
Options for register settings can be found in the constants file. Use the
setregister function to change multiple values. Please also refer to
section 9.6 (register maps) of that datasheet before using these arguments.
"""
registervalues = [power, interface, mode0, mode1, mode2, inpmux, ofcal0,
ofcal1, ofcal2, fscal0, fscal1, fscal2, idacmux, idacmag, refmux, tdacp,
tdacn, gpiocon, gpiodir, gpiodat, adc2cfg, adc2mux, adc2ofc0, adc2ofc1,
adc2fsc0, adc2fsc1]
writeToConsecutiveRegisters(connection, POWER_ADDRESS, registervalues)
[docs]def read_all_regs(connection):
"""reads the values of all the registers on the ADS1262. starting with
the ID register (register 0)
Arguments
----------
Connection : SpiDev object
The spi connection you use to communicate with the ADC. See spidev
documentation for more details (https://pypi.org/project/spidev/)
"""
return readFromConsecutiveRegisters(connection, 0, 26)


GAPS IN HISTORY
Documents
Would you like to reimagine history? Try filling in some famous landmark documents with
unbelievable
details!


Python Flask, REACT, Drupal, RESTful API integration.
JavaScript ES6, REACT, and D3. UI/UX design with human factors.
Python Pandas, NumPy, and more. Simplifying Big Data with visualization.
Realizing people's visions for the Web is rewarding. I enjoy solving complex problems and exceeding my clients' expectations. I started learning Web development in 2001 while teaching writing in academia (2001-2007). During that time, I also worked as a Technical Writer on software documentation and Web copy. From 2007 - 2009, I wrote for an industrial architecture firm, focusing on Data Centers, Green Energy, and Bio-Safety Labs. From 2009 onward, I worked as a Technical Writer in Quality Assurance, where I streamlined business processes and programmed automated inspection processes. In 2014, I designed the Engineering Department's first-ever Key Performance Indicators and Business Metrics. By 2015, I fully committed to Web Development, learning Python, JavaScript, and REACT.js. I believe in teamwork, collaboration, and creating knowledge communities. I prefer Open Source technology.
Every great project starts with a dialogue. Send me an e-mail. Describe your project goals and deadlines.


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
1 to 2 hours
Serves
Serves 2
Preheat the oven to 180C/350F/Gas 4.
For the dauphinoise, grease an ovenproof dish with butter and place a layer of celeriac slices on the base.
Season with salt and freshly ground black pepper and sprinkle over a pinch of sage and a little cheese. Repeat layers of celeriac, sage and cheese until all the celeriac is used, setting aside a third of the cheese.
Combine the cream, milk and garlic and pour over the celeriac.
Top with the remaining cheese (and if you have time, allow to sit for 30 minutes for the cream to soak into the celeriac).
Bake for an hour or until the vegetables are tender.
For the pork, heat the butter in a pan, season the pork with salt and freshly ground black pepper and slice into 2.5cm/1in slices. Fry for 2-3 minutes on each side. Remove from the pan and keep warm until you are ready to serve.
To serve, cut out a round of the dauphinoise with a biscuit cutter and serve with the pork, fine green beans and apple chutney


Static resources are served from a different domain increasing download parallelization
Serving files from a CDN reduces the bandwidth consumed by the application servers.
Using a CDN allows almost all of your application code to be cached.
By default Meteor returns a 200 reponse code, even for missing resources. CDN ensures that Meteor returns a proper 404 missing resources. Try loading missing.css or expired.js
Meteor CDN adds cross-origin and STS headers to webfonts to solve cross-origin problems in Google Chrome
The template helper {{CDN_URL}} provides a quick way to get the CDN url in Blaze templates
Meteor CDN was developed by Nitrolabs for the Meteor Community. The source for this demo is available on Github. The Meteor CDN package can be found on Github and Atmosphere. Suggestions and pull requests are welcome.


--- layout: post title: What does Alec use for his personal CM system? tags: - Software Configuration Management status: publish type: post published: true meta: {} --- I know this is a question that has been keeping people awake at night, so now I will reveal what the Fat Geek uses. I use Subversion and SVK for version control. I explained on the SVK website how I use them together, however as SCM practitionares will know, version control is not enough. We also need Control, Accounting and Auditing. Well I side step this because:
powered by performancing firefox


cease & desist letter #13 - Bonsai Kitten
An archive of disturbing illustration
Part I. Cause
Hundreds of people complain about the Bonsai Kitten site that we host,
to the UK Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Never
mind that no cruelty occurred either in the creation of the website or
as a result from it. They think they see kitties being abused and
therefore the site must be eradicated. The word hoax does not
exist in their dictionary.
Part II. Conclusion
There is no problem, no action taken.
[return to rotten.com]
|


The Sugarland Express directed by Steven Spielberg starring Goldie Hawn, William Atherton, Michael Sacks rated PG for violence and language
The Sugarland Express is part of a genre of film that includes Thelma and Louise and Dog Day Afternoon- the road-movie-cheer-for-the-celebrity-criminals type of film. I would imagine it would be hard to make this type of movie: first you have to create characters charismatic enough for you to cheer for them, then you have to find capable and charismatic actors to play the part, then you have to please the audience with great, fun, mischievous doings (performed by these characters), then you have to please the critics with some "hidden" morality tale, some inkling of life that can be found by analyze-to-the-core critics. It's a lot to juggle. The Sugarland Express, Steven Spielberg's debut theatrical release, pulls it off, probably not as successfully as Thelma or Dog Day, but in the end, we're fanatically rooting for the criminal duo and hoping they get what they seek.
The movie is based on a true Texas occurrence in 1969 and has an at times saucy and at times dim-witted heroine, Lou Jean (Goldie Hawn), who visits her husband, the quiet Clovis (William Atherton) at the prison farm from where he is soon to be released. Lou Jean is a woman with a lot of nerve. Their baby son has been taken away by the authorities- the couple are petty thieves- and she asks, actually, she commands her husband to break out of this almost pleasant prison to help her get their Baby Langston back. Clovis is in a state of perpetual fright of his wife- what she says goes. So, to get his son back and to please Lou Jean, Clovis goes with her and gets a ride with an elderly couple who have just visited their son at the prison. When the elderly man is pulled over for driving dangerously slow, Lou Jean takes control and drives away with his car at high speed, summoning the attention of throngs of police cars. The movie becomes a car chase and after Lou Jean crashes the car, she kidnaps a highway-patrol officer, Slide (Michael Sacks), and the chase resumes.
The screen is bombarded with automobiles- trailers, cars, trucks. Like in Spielberg's previous assignment Duel, a made-for-TV movie, the cars play a significant role - they are the setting. I don't think there is one scene after the chase begins where streams of cars aren't present on the screen. They shine in the bright sun, are crashing together, and zooming fast on the crowded, cluttered roads. Most of the time, Lou Jean and Clovis are in Slide's police car. He is, strangely, helping them- touched by their persistence, perhaps.
Like Thelma and Louise, which is essentially a road movie, The Sugarland Express is a red-orange experience. Vilmos Zsigmond, the director of photography, photographs sunsets and the cars shimmering in the sunlight. The film has a certain summer heat that comes off the screen and builds the excitement as Lou Jean and Clovis make their way to Sugarland, the town where Langston is living with adoptive parents.
An element seen in Dog Day Afternoon is seen here- Lou Jean and Clovis, two criminals, are glorified and made celebrities by the public. Just like they did for Sonny in Dog Day, the crowds form and rally and applaud this couple who plan to get their kid back. The crowds bring gifts, flags, money. They surround the police cars until they almost make a lake of people, until they make the cars into boats crossing this sea of humanity. Lou Jean welcomes this popularity and fame with open arms. She loves it. She loves the presents, she loves the recognition, she loves the attention. The two men in the front seats roll their eyes as she receives the gifts and listens to all the admiring and supportive talk from strangers.
All the while, police cars are following the couple into the horizon. The Sugarland Express is full of twisting excitement and pleasure, the pleasure that I felt lacked in the dry husk of a movie sensation known as Jaws. The editing is a bit uneven, making the first half of the movie at times dry and too quick or too slow, but that diminishes in the light of the almost satiric comedy in which the movie lives. The Sugarland Express doesn't even have a morality tale, really, and the critics ate it up, as did I.
By Andrew Chan
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Technical Blog - Sprint 9
Which concepts did you find most difficult?
Functional programming in JavaScript - I can do the basics of this in Python and Haskell, but the syntax of JavaScript, and the explanations given in the documentation, make it seem harder to follow what's going on.
CSS Layout and Floats - I found it hard to understand what effect on presentation the Float properties would have. Where various elements would finally display seemed a little random to me.
Which skills/concepts do you feel still confused by?
Both of the above. I actually found that by reviewing what I knew about functional programming in Python and Haskell made the topic easier. JavaScript's version of some of the functions (e.g. reduce) seems a little awkward to me. CSS Layout is still a weak point for me. Also the fact that sometimes JavaScript let's you do something ridiculous without producing an error message is a source of great worry!
Which skills/concepts do you feel you understand best?
I feel comfortable with the basic aspects of HTML although using it well will only come through much practice. The general approach to programming is also something that I feel OK about.
Which aspects of web development so far do you enjoy the most?
jQuery was a little hard to get going at first, but now it seeems much easier - and it's fun! Also implementing little tips to improve the look of a website (such as using a cool looking web font) are "instant reward" moments.


TWO FAMILY HOUSE ----------------
Buddy Visalo (Michael Rispoli, "Summer of Sam") dreams of becoming a singer after Arthur Godfrey catches him at an armed forces show and asks him to audition. Once Buddy's back from WWII, his fiance Estelle (Katherine Narducci, HBO's "The Sopranos") and her parents refocus him into a more 'practical' career working at a local factory and living with the in-laws on Staten Island. Eleven years later, when a ramshackle two family house is within his financial reach, Buddy thinks he and Estelle can live upstairs and convert the downstairs into a tavern where he can entertain in this year's Sundance Audience Award winner, "Two Family House."
LAURA:
Estelle hates the house, but just knows that Buddy will lose it anyway. She appears to be right when they can't get rid of their upstairs Irish immigrant tenants, the O'Nearys (Kevin Conway, "The Quick and the Dead," and Kelly Macdonald, "Trainspotting"). Things get even worse when the woman, Mary, who is hugely pregnant, gives birth to a black child. Mary's abusive husband Jim abandons her and Estelle demands that Buddy throw her out to quell the neighborhood gossip. This he does, but guilt nags at him and, even though he's short on cash himself, he sets her and her child up in a pleasant little local walkup. Soon, Mary becomes the encouraging sounding board he's never had in Estelle.
This is a nice little film, featuring some good performances. Rispoli is genuinely likeable, a decent man with modest ambitions.  When he finally lets his emotions out (to Mary), he sinks to his knees and balls his fists in his eyes, then regains his composure and tries to convince Mary (who's not buying it) that that really wasn't like him. His final scene with Estelle contains a simple gesture that's incredibly moving.
Katherine Narducci makes Estelle frustrating for the audience when she not only refuses to support Buddy, but belittles him to her girlfriends, yet we can only sympathize with her knowing that her behavior is driven by fear and the parochialism of her 1950s community. (De Felitta's script helps her when Buddy's failed business ventures are chronicled in an amusing montage.) She's willing to help Mary until the color of Mary's child introduces concepts beyond her grasp.
Kelly Macdonald ("Trainspotting") is less engaging than the two leads, initially suspicious, she barely warms up. She is sweet when attempting to purchase Italian groceries, mispronouncing everything, to learn cooking from Buddy.
Writer/director Raymond De Felitta ("Cafe Society") has based his story on his uncle, although he's given him a happier ending. De Felitta shows more strength in his direction than his writing. While his dialog rings true for its time and place (a lot of ethnic and racial slurs are flung around), his story telegraphs its every move. The film's climax begins powerfully, but devolves into a stickily sweet romanticism that logically doesn't ring true.
Still "Two Family House" is an engaging slice of life that I would particularly recommend to the generation portrayed, the ones that begat us baby boomers.
B
For more Reeling reviews visit www.reelingreviews.com
<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Worked on the marketing materials and the design for the upcoming iOS 7 update of DeskConnect, an app that allows you to share files over the air between all your Apple devices.
Back in the good ol' days when skeuomorphism was the norm and "flat design" was just a term that meant "lazy," Apple got a lot of flak for releasing Notification Center with a ridiculously over-textured interface. This was my attempt at a redesign of it.
There used to be a lot of rumors that Facebook was building a phone. I was bored one day and mocked up what I thought it could possibly look like.


Find apprenticeship training
This service is for employers looking to take on apprentices.
You can search here for apprenticeships and organisations that provide the training.
How this service works:
- search for apprenticeship training by keyword
- search for training providers by postcode
- filter your search results by levels and independent assessment scores
- shortlist apprenticeship training
- shortlist training providers
- save your shortlisted training and providers
Start
Notice
We need as much feedback as possible. This is your chance to steer the direction of the product to fit your needs. If you are finding something difficult or it isn't helping you achieve your goals please contact us and we can work together to build a stronger solution. Jim is going absolutely nuts about this bit where it doesn't say the apprentice training location. He might be right, but wind him up and send us a note that you think it's perfect just the way it is.


The goal of bigdataclass
is to provide an easy way to create the data and materials needed for the Big Data with R class.
You can install the development version from GitHub with:
Load the package
Run bdc_init_class_local()
to create the class in a folder called big-data-class
Connect to the database (replace with actual user name and password)
Run the following script
## Load the library
library(bigdataclass)
## Path to where the files are to be saved
folder <- "usr/share/class"
## Creates the "retail" schema inside the database connection
con <- bdc_db_init(con)
## Creates the tables and views inside the schema
bdc_db_tables(con = con, avg_daily_orders = 10000)
## Builds the files and saves them to the path in "folder"
bdc_data_files(con = con, folder = file.path(folder, "files"))
## Downloads the books from the Gutenbergh API and saves them to the "folder"
bdc_data_books(file.path(folder, "books"))


Twenty-four years ago, she landed on this planet. She said hello to a whale drinking at the seaside, had a bite of a green
strawberry picked up from the ground.
She was born with curiosity.
In the morning, she collectes dew in the bucket, walking around and seeking for wild fruits. She starts to live with habitants and animals on this planet. They teach her how to build tents, catching fish, etc.
She likes to watch firefly squid shinning on the beach, diving underwater to catch urchins for dinner.
Climbing onto trees is her favorite thing to do during the night, for staring at Orion.
Life on the planet is never monotonous, she thrives on adventure.
She is always somewhere else.


| # | Post | Date | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A random post title and other posts | 19th May, 2019 | |
| 2 | A random post | 19th May, 2019 | |
| 3 | Another simple title | 19th May, 2019 | |
| 1 | A random post title and other posts | 19th May, 2019 | |
| 2 | A random post | 19th May, 2019 | |
| 3 | Another simple title | 19th May, 2019 |


Simile is a figure of speech that directly compares two things. Similes are a form of metaphor that explicitly use connecting words (such as like, as, so, than, or carious verbs such as resemble), though these specific words are not always neccassay. While similes are easily used as forms of poetry that compare the intamate and the living, there are also trees in which similes and are used for harmonous perposes and comparison.


Australia men, Fiji women qualify for Tokyo Olympics
Suva - Australia and Fiji have qualified for the men's and women's rugby sevens at the Tokyo Olympics next year following their wins at the Oceania championship in Fiji on Saturday.
In the men's Olympic qualifier final, Australia edged Samoa 19-12 while Fiji beat Papua New Guinea 36-0 in the women's final.
Samoa and Tonga qualified for an Olympic repechage tournament in the men's section as did Papua New Guinea and Samoa in the women's.
Australia men's captain Lewis Holland said his side had put in a lot of hard work to qualify for the Olympics.
"The last three months have been building towards this moment because we didn't qualify through the World Series," Holland said.
Samoa had control of the first half and turned with a 12-0 lead before Australia rallied with three tries in the second half including one from the captain.
Fiji dominated the women's final with six unanswered tries against Papua New Guinea.
The New Zealand and Fiji men's teams, who are taking part in the Oceania Sevens championship run in conjunction with the Olympic qualifier, have already confirmed their berths in Tokyo as have New Zealand and Australia in the women's section.


Premise: Grow, attack to increase growth, annihilate opposition
Allowed any language that talked over STDIN/ STDOUT
I learned a lot
I learned about Google’s javascript engine, v8, and its performance characteristics on prototypical classes vs closures
Because we had a time limit of 1 second, I learned about performance characteristics of random javascript calls and the cost of context switching through benchmarking
Found/learned about google closure
Algorithms
Game trees
Game theory
Graph theory
Pathing
I decided to implement a Neural Network
Learned about and implemented a genetic algorithms. Build analogies to human life and decision making.
So much office talk
Read so many books that I would never have read
Learned about application profiling
200+ hours later
I placed 218th
Not bad, I definitely beat my goal
2nd best Javascript bot
Co-worker placed 122th
Company office tournament
Made second
Despite my bot being a large NN, GA, which took huge amounts of learning and effort...
So much trash talk...
A year+ later...
A year later: Ants
Turn based game.
Attack other ant colonies
I learned haskell
sort of...
Not as much interest
Was hoping the same office rivalry would spark
Maybe even a company wide competition
Pathing
Inhuman
Did too much work during beta
Working on game specification
Changed maps
Time passes
Building on top
I tried to make a clone of the AI challenge
A custom turn based game in space
Figuring out how people would submit bots was challenging
Writing a balanced game specification is a lot of work
Gave up
Time passes...
The search for something to do
Even if I had to implement it myself
Go
High complexity game with simple rules
Arimaa
Game designed to be tough for AIs in response to Deep Blue beating a human grandmaster in chess.
Tron
I went back to the first competition held by University of Waterloo and attempted to aggregate and simplify starter packages and server startup to allow you to play the game. Tron/Snakes


I found this nice modding/emulator tool called Venice Unleashed (unofficial of course), which seems to have a lot to offer. They are accepting Closed Beta enlistments at the moment.
You can enlist here:
http://veniceunleashed.net/
- Your application has to be approved, so don't expect access to the tool from the get-go.
Total Control: Tired of having your eyes tired by the blue tint? Maybe you dislike suppression or want to disable destruction for a more competitive match. Or maybe you just want to have control over a wide set of features and settings that were initially hidden from you.
Unleashed Features: Witness the return of Spectator Mode, a functional Commo Rose and many more previously hidden, half-implemented or disabled game features. We’re also discovering and unleashing new features along the way, so stay tuned!
Mod Support: Using our powerful Extension System, which exposes lots of engine/game functions and abilities, you can now create your own unique mods and gamemodes, without the need of performing complicated and game-breaking file modifications.
Post edited 3 x times, last by
Dendari
Translator
Dendari
Translator
I think it's actually an emulator for BF3, not just a modding tool.
Topicstarter
xXJumpyXx
Helping Hand
It'll be fun to see how this tool will stand against PunkBuster, most likely PunkBuster will have a field day picking off "modders".
Oh well, I guess playing on unranked servers with PunkBuster turned off is a small price to pay for a tool this awesome.
Would be cool/good if it's an emulator as well, as you said.
Dendari
Translator
It's an emulator and it has nothing to do with PB or EA. Have you ever heard about emulatornexus for BC2? It's made by the same guy.
Topicstarter
xXJumpyXx
Helping Hand
Nope, only have BC2 on the 360. So, I haven't really been read up on mods/tools for BC2.
juress
Theme Developer
I'm rather sceptical about this tool, but we'll se what it can do :)
Nano
Global Moderator
This is from NoFate, the man who create an "Spec Cam" for BF3.


This project is the development of a computational platform to serve as an analysis pipeline for MATSS–Macroecological Analysis of Time Series Structure.
There are 2 main objectives:
For more information about the datasets or analyses, please check out the vignettes. For more information about contributing code, please check out the Contributing Guide.


Welcome to Packet Wars!
Choose any of the vulnerabilities given below to try it yourself
Main Application
SQL Injection
SQL Injection Prevented
Cross Site Request Forgery
Session Hijacking
Cryptography (Information Security)


| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| com.github.kkysen.supersmashbros.actions | |
| com.github.kkysen.supersmashbros.app | |
| com.github.kkysen.supersmashbros.core | |
| com.github.kkysen.supersmashbros.players |
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
private Function<Player,?> |
Message.messenger |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
protected float |
Move.adjustSpeed(Player player) |
State |
Executable.apply(Player player) |
protected boolean |
Jump.dontExecute(Player player) |
protected boolean |
GroundAttack.dontExecute(Player player) |
protected boolean |
Attack.dontExecute(Player player) |
protected boolean |
AirAttack.dontExecute(Player player) |
protected boolean |
Action.dontExecute(Player player)
allows subclasses to stop the execution
|
State |
Message.execute(Player player) |
abstract State |
Executable.execute(Player player) |
State |
Action.execute(Player player) |
protected void |
Stop.move(Player player) |
protected void |
MoveRight.move(Player player) |
protected void |
MoveLeft.move(Player player) |
protected abstract void |
Move.move(Player player) |
protected void |
Jump.move(Player player) |
protected void |
GroundAttack.move(Player player) |
protected void |
Attack.move(Player player) |
protected void |
Action.move(Player player) |
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
Message(KeyBinding keyBinding,
Function<Player,?> messenger) |
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
private static Map<String,Constructor<? extends Player>> |
PlayerFactory.playerConstructors |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
private Player[] |
Game.createPlayers() |
private Player[] |
Game.createPlayers(int numAIs) |
static Player[] |
PlayerFactory.fromJson() |
static Player[] |
PlayerFactory.fromJson(JsonValue json) |
static Player[] |
PlayerFactory.fromJson(String fileName) |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static void |
PlayerFactory.fromJson(Array<Player> players,
JsonValue json,
boolean isUser) |
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
Player |
State.player |
Player |
Box.player |
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
private Array<Player> |
World.players |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
World.addPlayers(Player[] players) |
void |
World.replacePlayers(Player[] players) |
void |
State.setPlayer(Player player) |
void |
State.setPlayer(Player player,
boolean resetTime) |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
private void |
Player.takeHits(Array<Player> enemies) |
void |
Player.update(Array<Player> enemies) |
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
Box(Player player,
float width,
float height,
float lifetime) |
Hitbox(Player player,
Attack attack,
float width,
float height) |
Hurtbox(Player player) |
Hurtbox(Player player,
float width,
float height,
float lifetime) |
World(int width,
int height,
Texture background,
Sprite platformSprite,
Player... players) |
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
Mario |


Team news
Team News
Throughout Alpha, the team worked in the open by sharing stories about the process of building and testing our prototypes. Here are those stories and why we wanted to tell them.
Objectives
- Tell compelling stories about the partnership together for general awareness and recruitment where applicable.
- Show how the team is working, learning from people, and testing ideas.
- Show what’s possible and share insights and resources others can use.
Audiences
- Canadian public service
- Federal departments interested in working with CDS or RCMP (potential partners); or working like CDS or RCMP (capacity building)
- Service actors/stakeholders (CSE/CCCS, StatsCan, Public Safety, etc.)
- Government officials and senior decision makers
- People to research and test with
- Prospective talent interested in applying to work for CDS and/or RCMP
Blog posts
- Understanding the human needs of people impacted by cybercrime
- Ear to the ground: using the words people use
- Qualitative data: uncomfortable, but worth it
- Learning from the people who want to use our reporting service, but might not use it now


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This Bothell ballot battle is still too close to call
Mason Thompson trailed Leigh Henderson for two weeks. He moved ahead by two votes on Thursday.
by Jerry CornfieldBOTHELL — Leigh Henderson and Mason Thompson are dueling for a seat on the Bothell City Council and Thursday morning the first-time candidates couldn’t have been any closer.
Because they were tied.
Hours later, another round of ballot counting pushed Thompson ahead of Henderson by two votes, 5,790 to 5,788. It was his first lead in this contest to decide who succeeds Andy Rheaume in Position 2.
“The race is still a coin flip at this point,” he wrote in an email. “But it does feel better to be two votes ahead than two votes behind.”
Henderson, owner of Alexa’s Cafe, enjoyed an 86-vote lead on the night of the Nov. 5 election. Though the advantage is gone, her hopes are not.
“I thought on the 6th I’d know one way or another. I am an optimist,” said Henderson, who once drove school buses in Sultan and Monroe. “I think it’s remarkable that we’re in this situation. I did as much as I possibly could to get known. Now it’s up to the voters and what they want.”
Thompson, an account manager at Pushpay, a software company in Redmond, said at times it feels a bit more intense post-election.
“There aren’t any guarantees when you run for office other than the community will eventually decide on your race, and in this case it’s close enough that it’s going to take a bit longer to get that decision than expected,” he said.
Few ballots, if any, are left to count in either Snohomish County or King County. Both are involved because parts of the city lie in each of them.
As of Thursday, Henderson is ahead 3,644 to 3,479 among the city’s King County voters. Thompson leads 2,311 to 2,144 in the Snohomish County precincts.
“It’s fascinating,” Henderson said. “If it was just Snohomish County, he’d have it. If it was just King County, I’d have it.”
Both counties plan to update ballot counts Friday.
On Nov. 26, each county will certify its respective election results. At that time, it’s possible one of them will be declared the victor.
However, it’s so close that state law mandates a hand recount of every ballot be carried out. That process may not wrap up until mid-December.
“Two votes behind or two votes ahead, it’s likely the recount will swing the final count more than that,” Thompson said.
And if it winds up tied, a winner will be chosen with the flip of a coin.
Jerry Cornfield:<PHONE_NUMBER>; jcornfield@herald net.com . Twitter: @dospueblos


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renamed
by Hannah H at 2022-09-20 20:39:45.assigned
by None at 2022-09-20 19:32:10.labeled
by None at 2022-09-20 19:33:39.When records are imported, the 001 and 003 values get combined into an 035 field, putting parentheses around the value in the 003 field.
labeled
by Chun Ly at 2022-09-20 21:17:28.assigned
by Chun Ly at 2022-09-20 21:17:29.labeled
by Chun Ly at 2022-09-20 21:18:03.labeled
by Chun Ly at 2022-09-20 20:58:29.labeled
by Chun Ly at 2022-09-20 20:58:29.assigned
by Chun Ly at 2022-09-20 20:58:29.closed
by Chun Ly at 2022-09-20 21:27:07.This was completed by #67
closed
by Chun Ly at 2022-09-20 21:28:16.Potential replication:
The resulting backtrace should give a hint as to where this error handling needs to happen.
It should rescue and log the error, but do nothing.
labeled
by Kevin Reiss at 2022-09-20 17:28:26.@leefaisonr @sandbergja can you also squash the commits ? some of them are not part of the end result.
Hi @christinach , please review the changes and let us know if anything else is needed :) thanks!
Can you please add two empty line after the Co-authored-by. That way github reads the Co-author , otherwise it's only text. see https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/committing-changes-to-your-project/creating-and-editing-commits/creating-a-commit-with-multiple-authors
mentioned
by Jane Sandberg at 2022-09-20 17:59:12.subscribed
by Jane Sandberg at 2022-09-20 17:59:12.mentioned
by Robert-Anthony Lee-Faison at 2022-09-20 17:59:12.subscribed
by Robert-Anthony Lee-Faison at 2022-09-20 17:59:12.head_ref_force_pushed
by Robert-Anthony Lee-Faison at 2022-09-20 19:04:02.mentioned
by Christina Chortaria at 2022-09-20 19:04:46.subscribed
by Christina Chortaria at 2022-09-20 19:04:46.no longer needed, thanks to #3166
closed
by Jane Sandberg at 2022-09-20 16:52:06.head_ref_force_pushed
by James R. Griffin III at 2022-09-20 18:41:27.head_ref_force_pushed
by James R. Griffin III at 2022-09-20 19:35:54.base_ref_force_pushed
by James R. Griffin III at 2022-09-20 18:41:26.head_ref_force_pushed
by James R. Griffin III at 2022-09-20 19:59:18.head_ref_force_pushed
by James R. Griffin III at 2022-09-20 20:00:44.Most of the changes in this PR are just shuffling around of code, from the previous Show page to the Edit page.
labeled
by Bess Sadler at 2022-09-20 16:24:23.closed
by Bess Sadler at 2022-09-20 17:54:48.head_ref_deleted
by Bess Sadler at 2022-09-20 17:54:52.referenced
by Hector Correa at 2022-09-20 17:59:09.merged
by Hector Correa at 2022-09-20 17:59:09.closed
by Hector Correa at 2022-09-20 17:59:09.head_ref_deleted
by Hector Correa at 2022-09-20 17:59:10.head_ref_force_pushed
by Francis Kayiwa at 2022-09-20 12:44:46.referenced
by Alicia Cozine at 2022-09-20 16:47:44.merged
by Alicia Cozine at 2022-09-20 16:47:44.closed
by Alicia Cozine at 2022-09-20 16:47:45.head_ref_deleted
by Alicia Cozine at 2022-09-20 16:47:45.convert_to_draft
by Francis Kayiwa at 2022-09-20 16:50:21.No longer needed, thanks to https://github.com/pulibrary/orangelight/issues/3166
closed
by Jane Sandberg at 2022-09-20 16:52:42.referenced
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 18:19:09.merged
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 18:19:09.closed
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 18:19:09.head_ref_deleted
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 18:19:10.head_ref_force_pushed
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 17:18:23.automatic_base_change_succeeded
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 18:19:10.head_ref_force_pushed
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 18:20:01.ready_for_review
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 18:20:27.referenced
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 19:05:41.merged
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 19:05:41.closed
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 19:05:41.head_ref_deleted
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 19:05:42.closed
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 19:05:42.assigned
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 19:22:44.Could you also update the comment in the os_updates playbook so it's clear the playbook will not run on the load balancers when we pass production
as the group?
head_ref_force_pushed
by Francis Kayiwa at 2022-09-20 17:29:26.head_ref_force_pushed
by Francis Kayiwa at 2022-09-20 17:15:18.Related to #3206.
If we run the Update OS playbook regularly, that will update the cache on all machines, so we don't need to do it in the roles. This will make idempotency testing much easier.
Next failure is from the tests for the Drupal9 role, but it's an error in a handler marked php
:
RUNNING HANDLER [php : restart apache] *****************************************
fatal: [instance]: FAILED! => {"changed": false, "msg": "Output of config test was:\nenv: ‘apache2ctl’: No such file or directory\n"}
head_ref_force_pushed
by Alicia Cozine at 2022-09-20 16:09:12.labeled
by Kevin Reiss at 2022-09-20 17:30:54.assigned
by Kevin Reiss at 2022-09-20 17:30:58.labeled
by None at 2022-09-20 14:22:02.labeled
by None at 2022-09-20 14:27:24.referenced
by Shaun Ellis at 2022-09-20 16:36:56.merged
by Shaun Ellis at 2022-09-20 16:36:56.closed
by Shaun Ellis at 2022-09-20 16:36:56.head_ref_deleted
by Shaun Ellis at 2022-09-20 16:36:57.referenced
by Shaun Ellis at 2022-09-20 16:39:51.merged
by Shaun Ellis at 2022-09-20 16:39:51.closed
by Shaun Ellis at 2022-09-20 16:39:52.head_ref_deleted
by Shaun Ellis at 2022-09-20 16:39:52.closed
by Shaun Ellis at 2022-09-20 16:39:52.referenced
by None at 2022-09-20 17:21:45.merged
by None at 2022-09-20 17:21:45.closed
by None at 2022-09-20 17:21:45.head_ref_deleted
by None at 2022-09-20 17:21:46.head_ref_force_pushed
by None at 2022-09-20 18:18:43.review_requested
by None at 2022-09-20 18:24:17.labeled
by None at 2022-09-20 14:26:24.unassigned
by Trey Pendragon at 2022-09-20 14:28:10.assigned
by None at 2022-09-20 18:37:39.Companion PR in Ansible: https://github.com/pulibrary/princeton_ansible/pull/3340
Tested on staging.
ready_for_review
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 17:02:45.deployed
by None at 2022-09-20 17:03:22.referenced
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 18:50:12.merged
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 18:50:12.closed
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 18:50:12.head_ref_deleted
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 18:50:13.Good point. I'd vote to keep all the cas functionality in place for that. We don't need the login link, though, right? We can navigate directly to /sidekiq
.
closed
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 18:50:13.@dependabot rebase
mentioned
by Dependabot at 2022-09-20 18:50:40.head_ref_force_pushed
by None at 2022-09-20 18:51:09.referenced
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 19:06:21.merged
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 19:06:21.closed
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 19:06:21.head_ref_deleted
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 19:06:22.Created this branch from the wrong branch.
convert_to_draft
by None at 2022-09-20 19:10:49.renamed
by None at 2022-09-20 19:11:16.closed
by None at 2022-09-20 19:11:54.head_ref_force_pushed
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 19:28:11.Per wireframe review meeting, this should be the full "[icon] has online content" tag as seen next to a collection title on a show page. The full tag should be used in all search results. It should be placed next to the container info. Both should be dropped down to a new line below the title.
The tag should say either "Has online content" or "Contains some online materials" depending on whether it directly or indirectly has online content.
head_ref_force_pushed
by None at 2022-09-20 18:17:36.review_requested
by None at 2022-09-20 20:23:13.Ah, I see—thanks!
mentioned
by None at 2022-09-20 18:27:15.subscribed
by None at 2022-09-20 18:27:15.referenced
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 18:29:55.merged
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 18:29:55.closed
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 18:29:55.head_ref_deleted
by Eliot Jordan at 2022-09-20 18:29:56.


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It is a manual therapy created by Dr Ida P Rolf in the early-to-mid 20th century, designed to encourage the body to find its optimum structure, in order to make it as functionally efficient as possible. It consists of a basic series of ten sessions, each having its own plan and purpose and building upon the last, until the cumulative effect of complete integration is achieved. The aim is to give the body the space and freedom it requires to allow you to move with more ease and less pain. It is sometimes referred to by the moniker 'Rolfing'.
Unlike other therapies you may have heard of, The Rolf Method of Structural Integration works across the whole body over ten sessions, not just focusing in on the 'sore spot' for either a single or an indeterminate number of visits. Often, the reason for discomfort can be found some distance away from the source of pain, as the knock-on effects of our ever-demanding 21st century lives take hold. By addressing the structure, it gives the body the space and length it needs to function at its best. This is achieved by working with the fascia, rather than with the muscles or bones directly. The client also has much more of an active and participatory role, thereby retaining control of the process.
Dr Rolf used the humble onion as a way of presenting her students with the idea of feeling the many layers within the human body. This concept is still taught today. Both onions and humans have a core and a skin, and in order to access the deepest point effectively, the outermost layers have to be addressed first. Practitioners of Structural Integration start at a superficial level and gradually work deeper over the first 7 sessions, gently moving through the layers one by one. After the work has been integrated over the final 3 sessions, most people have more of a glow about them and they seem 'newer and shinier', hence my name "The Polished Onion".
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NOTE: We are BLS and ALS company, meaning basic life support and Advance paramedic life support.
NOTE: We take and transport Emergency, Ventilation, and IV runs
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This chapter will give a brief overview of the important elements of the Ox language. A more formal description of the Ox syntax is in the syntax chapter.
The next section will introduce the first Ox program, showing how matrix are used. We shall see that a program always includes header files to define the standard library functions, and that it must have a main function, which is where program control starts. We shall also see that the body of the function is enclosed in curly braces.
Ox is an object-oriented matrix language with a comprehensive mathematical and statistical function library. Matrices can be used directly in expressions, for example to multiply two matrices, or to invert a matrix. The basic syntax elements of Ox are similar to the C, C++ and Java languages (however, knowledge if these languages is not a prerequisite for using Ox). This similarity is most clear in syntax items such as loops, functions, arrays and classes. A major difference is that Ox variables have no explicit type, and that special support for matrices is available.
The advantages of object-oriented programming are that it potentially improves the clarity and maintainability of the code, as well as reducing coding effort through inheritance. Several useful classes are provided with Ox.
As a first example of an Ox program consider the following Ox code:
The program is in ox\samples\myfirst.ox; running this program should produce the following result:
An Ox program consists of one or more source code files. All source files have the .ox extension. Header files are used to communicate declarations from one source file to another. Header files have the .oxh extension. The next section explains how to run the Ox program on your system. First we consider the myfirst.ox program in more detail:
Variables are declared using the decl keyword. Unlike C, variables are implicitly typed. This means that variables do not have a type when they are declared, but get a type when values are assigned to them. So a variable can change type during its lifetime. The most important implicit types are int for an integer value, double for a real number, string for a text string and matrix for a matrix (two-dimensional array) of real numbers. The next Ox program illustrates implicit declaration and scope:
#include <oxstd.oxh> main() { decl i, d, m, s; i = 1; // assign integer to i --> i is of type int d = 1.0; // assign real number to d --> d is double s = "some text";//assign string to s --> s is string m = zeros(3,3);/ assign to m a 3 x 3 matrix of zeros // --> m is of type matrix print("i=", i, " d=", d, " s=", s, "\nm=", m); }
This prints (\n is the newline character):
i=1 d=1 s=some text m= 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
The scope of a variable refers to the parts of the program which can see the variable. This could be different from its lifetime: a variable can be `alive' but not `seen'. If a variable is declared outside any function, its scope is the remainder of the source file. It is possible to export such variables to other source files, as we shall see shortly.
Variables declared inside a function have scope until the closing brace of the level at which it is declared. The following example illustrates:
#include <oxstd.oxh> decl mX; // external variable main() { decl i = 0; // local variable { decl i = 1, j = 0; // new i mX = ones(3,3); print("i=", i, " j=", j); // prints: i=1 j=0 } // brace end: local i and j cease to exist print("\ni=", i); // revert to old i, prints: i=0 }
The variable mX (here we use Hungarian notation), can be seen everywhere in the main function. To make sure that it can never be seen in other source files, prefix it with the word static. It is good programming practice to use static in such cases, because it is very useful to know that it is not used in any other files (we may than rename it, e.g., without any unexpected side effects). An example will be given in myfunc.ox below.
Indexing starts at zero, so m[0][0] is the first element of the matrix m. It is easy to select individual elements or a subset of the matrix. Here are some examples:
#include <oxstd.oxh> main() { decl m = <0 1 2; 3 4 5; 6 7 8>; println("m = ", m); println("element 1,0: ", m[1][0]); println("second row: ", m[1][]); println("second column: ", m[][1]); println("without 1st row/3rd col: ", m[1:][:1]); println("indexed as a vector ", m[2:3]); }
Which prints as output:
m = 0.00000 1.0000 2.0000 3.0000 4.0000 5.0000 6.0000 7.0000 8.0000 element 1,0: 3 second row: 3.0000 4.0000 5.0000 second column: 1.0000 4.0000 7.0000 without 1st row/3rd col: 3.0000 4.0000 6.0000 7.0000 indexed as a vector 2.0000 3.0000
These expressions may also be used in assignments, for example:
m[1:][:1] = 10; m[2:3] = m[6:7];
We have already used various functions from the standard library (such as print, ones and zeros), and written various main functions). Indeed, an Ox program is primarily a collection of functions. It is important to know that all function arguments are passed by value. This means that the function gets a copy which it can change without changing the original. For example:
#include <oxstd.oxh> func(mA) { mA = zeros(1,2); print("ma in func()", mA); } main() { decl ma; ma = ones(1,2); print("ma before func()", ma); func(ma); print("ma after func()", ma); }
which prints:
ma before func() 1.0000 1.0000 ma in func() 0.00000 0.00000 ma after func() 1.0000 1.0000
If the function argument is not changed by the function, it is good programming style to prefix it with the const keyword, as in:
func(const mA) { print("ma in func()", mA); }
Of course it is possible to return changed values from the function. If there is only one return value, this is most simply done by using the return statement:
#include <oxstd.oxh> func(const r, const c) { return rann(r, c); // return r x c matrix of random } // numbers from standard normal main() { print("return value from func():", func(1,2) ); }
Another way is to pass a reference to the variable, rather than the variable itself, as for example in:
#include <oxstd.oxh> func(const pmA) { pmA[0] = zeros(1,2); print("ma in func()", pmA[0]); } main() { decl ma; ma = ones(1,2); print("ma before func()", ma); func(&ma); print("ma after func()", ma); }
which prints:
ma before func() 1.0000 1.0000 ma in func() 0.00000 0.00000 ma after func() 0.00000 0.00000
Now the change to ma is permanent. The argument to the function was the address of ma, and func received that address as a reference. Now we can modify the contents of the reference by assigning a value to pmA[0]. When func has finished, ma has been changed permanently. Note that we gave the argument a const qualification. This was possible because we did not change pmA itself, but what it referred to.
Since Ox is a matrix language, there is much less need for loop statements than in C or C++. Indeed, because Ox is compiled and then interpreted, there is a speed penalty for using loop statements when they are not necessary.
The for, while and do while loops have the same syntax as in C. The for loop consists of three parts, an initialization part, a termination check, and an incrementation part. The while loops only have a termination check.
#include <oxstd.oxh> main() { decl i, d; for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { d = i * 0.01; println(d); } }
which prints (println is like print, but ensures that the next output will be starting on a new line):
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
This could also be written, less elegantly, using while as follows:
#include <oxstd.oxh> main() { decl i, d; i = 0; while (i < 5) { d = i * 0.01; println(d); ++i; } }
It is not uncommon to have more than one loop counter in the for statement, as the following code snippet illustrates:
decl i, j; for (i = 0, j = 10; i < 5 && j > 0; ++i, --j) println(i * j);
The && is logical-and, whereas || is logical-or. The ++i statement is called (prefix) incrementation, and means `add one to i'. Similarly, --j subtracts one from j. There is a difference between prefix and postfix incrementation (decrementation). For example, the second line in
i = 3; j = ++i;
means: add one to i, and assign the result to j, which will get the value 4. But
i = 3; j = i++;
means: leave the value of i on the stack for assignment, then afterwards increment i. So j will get the value 3. In the incrementation part of the for loop it does not matter whether you use the prefix or postfix form.
The foreach loop is a convenient way to loop over the elements of an array or matrix, without the need to `count' the number of elements:
The if statement allows for conditional program flow. In the following example we draw a uniform random number. Such a random number is always between zero and one. The ranu returns a matrix, unless we ask it to generate just one number. Then it returns a double, as is the case here.
decl d = ranu(1,1); if (d < 0.5) println("less than 0.5"); else if (d < 0.75) println("less than 0.75"); else println("greater than 0.75");
Again, braces are used to group multiple statements together. They should also be used when nesting if statements, to avoid confusion about which else belongs to which if.
decl d1 = ranu(1,1), d2 = ranu(1,1); if (d1 < 0.5) { println("d1 is less than 0.5"); } else { if (d2 < 0.75) println("d1 >= 0.5 and d2 < 0.75"); else println("d1 >= 0.5 and d2 <= 0.75"); }
The if part is executed if the expression evaluates to a non-zero value (true). The else part otherwise, i.e. when the expression evaluates to zero (false: either an integer 0, or a double 0.0). Some care is required when using matrices in if statements. A matrix expression is a true statement if all elements are true (non-zero). Even if only one element is zero, the matrix expression is false, so
#include <oxstd.oxh> main() { if (ones(2,2)) print("yes"); else print("no"); if (unit(2)) print("yes"); else print("no"); if (zeros(2,2)) print("yes"); else print("no"); }
prints: yesnono.
There are two forms of relational operators. There is < <= > >= == != meaning `less', `less than or equal', `greater', `greater than or equal', `is equal' and `is not equal'. These always produce the integer value 1 (true) or 0 (false). If any of the arguments is a matrix, the result is only true if it is true for each element:
#include <oxstd.oxh> main() { if (ones(2,2) == 1) print("yes"); // true for each else print("no"); // element if (unit(2) == 1) print("yes");//not true for each else print("no"); // element if (zeros(2,2) == 1) print("yes");//not true for each else print("no"); // element }
prints: yesnono.
The second form are the dot-relational operators .< .<= .> .>= .== .!= meaning `dot less', `dot less than or equal', `dot greater', `dot greater than or equal', `is dot equal' and `is not dot equal'. If any of the arguments is a matrix, the result is a matrix of zeros and ones, with each element indicating the relevant result.
The any library function returns 1 (true) if any element of the matrix is non-zero, so that yesyesno will be printed by:
#include <oxstd.oxh> main() { if (any(ones(2,2))) print("yes"); else print("no"); if (any(unit(2))) print("yes"); else print("no"); if (any(zeros(2,2))) print("yes"); else print("no"); }
To conclude: you can test whether all elements of a matrix m are equal to one (say) by writing: if (m == 1). To test whether any element is equal to one: if (any(m .== 1)). The expression if (m != 1), on the other hand, is only true if none of the elements is equal to one. So, use if (!(m == 1)) to test whether it is true that not all elements are equal to one.
To a large extent, the same operators are available in Ox as in C or C++. Some of the additional operators are power (^), horizontal concatenation (~), vertical concatenation (|) and the Kronecker product (**). One important distinction is that the operators are also available for matrices, so that, for example, two matrices can be added up directly. For some operators, such as multiplication, there is a distinction between the dot operators (e.g. .* is element by element multiplication and * is matrix multiplication if both arguments are matrices).
Because Ox is implicitly typed, the resulting type of the expression will depend on the types of the variables in the expression. When a mixture of types is involved, the result is promoted upwards in the order integer, double, matrix. So in an expression consisting if an integer and a double, the integer will be promoted to a double. An expression of only integers yields an integer. However, there are two important exceptions to this rule:
To illustrate, we write the Fahrenheit to Celsius example of Kernighan and Ritchie (1988) in Ox:
#include <oxstd.oxh> const decl LOWER = 0; const decl UPPER = 100; const decl STEP = 20; main() { decl fahr; for (fahr = LOWER; fahr <= UPPER; fahr += STEP) print("%3d", fahr, " ", "%6.1f", (5.0/9.0) * (fahr-32), "\n"); }
which prints:
0 -17.8 20 -6.7 40 4.4 60 15.6 80 26.7 100 37.8
In C we have to write 5.0/9.0, because 5/9 evaluates to zero. In Ox both expressions are evaluated in floating point arithmetic.
In general we get more more efficient code by vectorizing each program as much as possible:
#include <oxstd.oxh> const decl LOWER = 0; const decl UPPER = 100; const decl STEP = 20; main() { decl fahr = range(LOWER, UPPER, STEP)'; print("%6.1f", fahr ~ (5.0/9.0) * (fahr-32) ); }
The program prints a table similar to the earlier output:
0.0 -17.8 20.0 -6.7 40.0 4.4 60.0 15.6 80.0 26.7 100.0 37.8
The Ox syntax allows for arrays, so you may use, for example, an array of strings (often useful), an array of matrices, or even an array of an array of matrices (etc.). The following program gives an example.
#include <oxstd.oxh> const decl MX_R = 2; const decl MX_C = 2; main() { decl i, asc, asr, m; asr = new array[MX_R]; asc = new array[MX_C]; for (i = 0; i < MX_R; ++i) asr[i] = sprint("row ", i); for (i = 0; i < MX_C; ++i) asc[i] = sprint("col ", i); m = ranu(MX_R, MX_C); print("%r", asr, "%c", asc, m); }
which prints
col 0 col 1 row 0 0.020192 0.68617 row 1 0.15174 0.74598
The source code of larger projects will often be spread over several source files. Usually the .ox file containing the main function is only a few tens of lines. We have already seen that information about other source files is passed on through included header files. However, to run the entire program, the code of those files needs to be linked together as well. Ox offers various ways of doing this. As an example, consider a mini-project consisting of two files: a source code file and a header file. The third file will contain the main function.
Mini project [samples/myfunc.ox]
#include <oxstd.oxh> static decl s_iCalls = 0; // counter, initialize to 0 MyFunction(const ma) { ++s_iCalls; // increment calls counter println("MyFunction has been called ", s_iCalls, " times and prints:", ma); }
[samples/myfunc.h]
MyFunction(const ma);
The header file myfunc.h declares the MyFunction function, so that it can be used in other Ox files. Note that the declaration ends in a semicolon. The source code file contains the definition of the function, which is the actual code of the function. The header of the definition does not end in a semicolon, but is followed by the opening brace of the body of the function. The s_iCalls variable is declared outside any function, making it an external variable. Here we also use the static type specifier, which restricts the scope of the variable to the myfunc.ox file: s_iCalls is invisible anywhere else (and other files may contain their own s_iCalls variable). Variables declared inside a block of curly braces have a more limited lifetime. Their life starts when they are declared, and finishes at the closing brace (matching the brace level of declaration).
It is also possible to share variables between various source files, although there can be only one declaration (physical allocation) of the shared variable. The following modifications would do that for
the myfunc.ox program:
(1) delete the static keyword from the declaration,
(2) add to myfunc.h the line
(renaming s_iCalls to g_iCalls):
extern decl g_iCalls;
Any code which includes myfunc.h can now reference or change the g_iCalls variable.
The first way of combining the mini project with the main function is to #include the actual code. In that case the myfunc.h header file is not needed:
[samples/mymaina.ox]
#include <oxstd.oxh> #include "myfunc.ox" main() { MyFunction("one"); }
The result will be just one code file, and mymaina.ox can be run as oxl mymaina.
The drawback of the previous method of including source code using #include, is that it can only be done once. That is not a problem in this short program, but is difficult to ensure if a library is used at many points in a large project. The #import command solves this problem.
[samples/mymainc.ox]
#include <oxstd.oxh> #import "myfunc" main() { MyFunction("one"); }
Again, mymainc.ox can be run as oxl mymainc.
There is no extension in the argument to #import. The effect is as an #include "myfunc.h" statement followed by marking myfunc.ox for linking.
[
#import will actually try to find the .oxo file first. If that is not found, it will search for the .ox file. If neither is found, the program cannot run. More detail is in import of modules. ]
The actual linking only happens when the file is run, and the same #import statement may occur multiple times (as well as in compiled files). So even when the same file is imported many times, it will only be linked once.
If myfunc.ox would require the maximization package, it could have at the top:
The distinction between angular brackets and double quotes in the include and import statements is discussed in file inclusion. Roughly, the <> form should be used for files which are part of the Ox system, and the double quotes for your own files, which will not be in the Ox tree.
Ox source code files can be compiled into Ox object files. These files have the .oxo extension, and are binary. The format is identical across operating systems, but since they are binary, transfer from one platform to another has to be done in binary mode.
To compile myfunc.ox into an Ox object file use the -c switch:
oxl -c myfunc
This creates myfunc.oxo (the .oxo extension is automatically appended). Remember that myfunc.oxo must be recreated every time myfunc.ox changes.
Now, when rerunning mymainc.ox, it will automatically use the .oxo instead of the .ox file.
Compiled Ox files can be useful for very large files (although even then compilation will be very fast), or if you do not wish to distribute the source files. They are inconvenient when the code is still under development.
The readability and maintainability of a program is considerably enhanced when using a consistent style and notation, together with proper indentation and documentation. Style is a personal matter; this section describes the one I have adopted.
In my code, I always indent by one tab (four spaces) at the next level of control (i.e. after each opening brace), jumping back on the closing brace.
| prefix | type | example |
| i | integer | iX |
| c | count of | cX |
| b | boolean (f is also used) | bX |
| fl | integer flag | flX |
| d | double | dX |
| m | matrix | mX |
| v | vector (1 ×n or n ×1 matrix) | vX |
| s | string | sX |
| as | array of strings | asX |
| am | array of matrices | amX |
| a | reference in function argument | amX |
| m_ | class member variable | m_mX |
| s_ | static external variable (file scope) | s_mX |
| g_ | external variable with global scope | g_mX |
| fn | function reference | fnX |
I have found Hungarian notation especially useful (see e.g. Petzold, 1992, Ch. 1). Hungarian notation involves the decoration of variable names. There are two elements to Hungarian notation: prefixing of variable names to indicate type (Table Table 1), and using case to indicate scope (Table Table 2, remember that Ox is case sensitive).
| function | all lowercase |
| function (exported) | first letter uppercase |
| static external variable | type in lowercase, next letter uppercase |
| (perhaps prefixed with s_) | |
| exported external variable | as above, but prefixed with g_ |
| function argument | type in lowercase, next letter uppercase |
| local variables | all lowercase |
| constants | all uppercase |
As an example consider:
#include <oxstd.oxh> const decl MX_R = 2; /* a constant */ decl g_mX; /* exported matrix */ static decl s_iCount; /* static external variable */ static func1(const pdX)/* argument is pointer to double */ { } /* exported function */ Func2(const mX, const asX, const cT, const cX) { decl i, m; }
Func2 expects a cT × cX matrix, and corresponding array of cX variable names. The c prefix is used for the number of elements in a matrix or string. Note however, that it is not necessary in Ox to pass dimensions separately. You can ask mX and asX what dimensions they have:
Func2(const mX, const asX) { decl i, m, ct, cx; cx = columns(mX); ct = rows(mX); if (cx != sizeof(asX)) print("error: dimensions don't match"); }