Instructions for Creating TextThresher Schema
TextThresher is a general tool researchers can use to enlist crowds in the complex labeling of large text corpora. For a general introduction, watch this video.
Creating a TextThresher project will usually proceed according to the following steps:
Gather your documents (or at least a representative sample of them).
Know your documents. What do you want/expect to find in the documents? a. What are the documents about that is so interesting? b. What are the fundamental units or objects you want to analyze? (e.g. individual people; events; encounters; deployments of some concept; legal opinions) i. Write down all of these objects/units you are interested in learning more about. c. What are all the variables and attributes that describe these units or objects of analysis? i. Write all of these down (hierarchically nested) under your list of objects/units of analysis.
Try highlighting your documents according to just the objects/units of analysis. a. You can do this with physical copies, or in a WordProcessor, or in TextThresher b. Write down instructions for identifying/highlighting each object. Explain what people are looking for – what is in the category, and what is out. c. Try having a small group of 3-5 people do the highlighting of just the objects/units of analysis according to your instructions.
d. Revise your list of objects/units and/or your instructions if people are having too much trouble identifying those objects/units in your documents.From 2.c.i, convert all the variables/attributes for each object/unit into a question. (E.g. ‘hair color’ becomes: Does the text say what color hair the person had? with answer options, brown, black, red, blonde, dyed, other, no information given) a. Designate the question type for each question: mc – ’multiple choice/radio button’; cl – ’checklist’; tx – ‘text box’; dt – ‘date/time’; lf – ‘logic flow’ (logic flow questions are discussed below).
Consider whether any of the questions group together semantically. Do the documents tend to discuss information relevant to one set of questions before discussing information relevant to others? Do people tend to think of the information elicited by these questions as ‘of a kind’? If such subtopics are apparent, they offer an opportunity to further simplify work for your crowd workers or citizen science volunteers.
List all your questions first by the subtopics discovered in 5. Then list them in priority order under those subtopics. a. Clarify to yourself which questions are follow-up questions and the conditions under which you would want that follow up questions asked and answered. (E.g. what color was the dyed hair?: This is a question you only need ask if the answer to the question about hair color was ‘dyed.’)
Start writing your lists of objects/units and all their variables/attributes as a TextThresher scheme. (See example below.)
- Each object/unit will get its own .txt file.
- The “title:” field will be used in TextThresher’s highlighter interface. So choose titles that succinctly indicate the objects/units contributors will be searching for.
- At the bottom of the scheme, write instructions for contributors who are tasked with finding objects/units. This field must start with “Instructions: “
- It is usually best to start a scheme with an lf – logic flow question asking which subtopics are discussed in the displayed text. If a subtopic is not discussed, contributors will not check it off, and TextThresher will not ask questions about it, greatly reducing the number of empty questions/answers viewed by the contributor.
- Label questions of different subtopics with their unique subtopic number, then a unique question number. Their answers should get a unique number as well. (E.g.: answer 2.3.4 is the fourth answer choice of the third question listed under the second sub-topic).
- Follow up questions can be listed under the subtopic either immediately after the question it would follow or near the bottom.
- Specify which questions are follow up questions at the bottom of each sub-topic’s list of questions. E.g: If you only want to ask question 2.14 if the answer to question 2.13 was option 5, specify this by writing
if 2.13.5, then 2.14
If you want to ask question 2.15 as long as there was any answer to question 2.14, writeif 2.14.any, then 2.15
Using these logical statements, you can easily ensure that contributors are only answering follow-up questions when they are relevant.
EXAMPLE Scheme from DecidingForce project
title: Police 1 Type of police-initiated event 2 Event setting and composition (location, attendance and crowd composition/demographics, time/duration) 3 Police Gear and Activities 4 Arrests/injuries 1.01 mc What type of event is described in the bolded text? 1.01.01 Raid of camp or eviction of campers 1.01.02 Showdown at the camp 1.01.03 Warnings or threats at the camp or through the media 1.01.04 Surveillance of camp 1.01.05 Surveillance of individual protest organizers away from the camp 1.01.06 Arrests of protest organizers away from any protest-initiated event or camp 1.01.07 Undercover infiltration of a camp 1.01.08 Undercover infiltration of other protester activities 1.01.09 Propaganda campaign against Occupy 1.01.10 “Snatch ‘n’ grab” arrests at camp – arrest of individual people (especially key organizers, at the camp, with or without a warrant) 1.01.11 Space-taking (i.e. establishing of perimeter barricades or fences or lines of police for containment or strategic incapacitation purposes) 1.01.12 Statement (to public and/or Occupy) of refusal to enforce an eviction order or permit expiration or some other law coming from city 1.01.13 Notable non-event (e.g. intentional non-enforcement – everyone is expecting police to do one thing, then they don't do it) 1.01.14 Official statement from police chief, or high-level officer or official spokesperson 1.01.15 Other 1.02 cl Which of the following occurred during the raid? Select all that apply: 1.02.01 Some (but not all) tents/structures were dismantled 1.02.02 All tents/structures were dismantled 1.02.03 Some (but not all) protesters were evicted from the camp 1.02.04 All were evicted from the camp 1.02.05 City workers assisted in park cleanup 1.02.06 Other 1.03 mc What warning or threat was issued by police? 1.03.01 Protesters must leave the camp by a certain date 1.03.02 If protesters do not comply with police/city requests (ex. get a permit for the camp, repair health/safety concerns, etc.), they will be evicted 1.03.03 Other 1.04 mc Where did the police make warnings/threats? 1.04.01 In person, at the camp 1.04.02 Through a letter or email sent/delivered to the camp 1.04.03 During a meeting with members of the camp 1.04.04 Through social media (Facebook, Twitter, blog/website etc.) 1.04.05 Through the media (through interviews, press conferences, official statements, etc) 1.04.06 Other 1.05 cl Which of the following surveillance tactics did police use at the camp? Select all that apply: 1.05.01 Walking through the camp 1.05.02 Watching camp activity (ex. general assembly meetings, voting, organizing) 1.05.03 Videotaping or taking photos of protesters and/or camp 1.05.04 Driving past the camp 1.05.05 Watching the camp from a parked car 1.06 mc Who did the police use surveillance against? 1.06.01 Protester(s), who are not camp leaders or organizers 1.06.02 Protest/camp leaders or organizers 1.06.03 Other 1.07 cl Where did the police's propaganda campaign take place? Select all that apply: 1.07.01 Social media (Facebook, Twitter, blog/website, etc) 1.07.02 Media (through interviews, press releases, press conferences, etc.) 1.08 cl What kind of space-taking tactics did the police use? 1.08.01 Fencing or barricading areas (ex. buildings, walkways, streets) to block access by protesters; and/or creating a designated protest zone where campers are allowed to protest 1.08.02 Forming skirmish lines (lines of police often in riot gear, preventing protesters’ movement into or out of an area) 1.08.03 Other 1.09 cl What event was expected, but not carried out by the police? Select all that apply: 1.09.01 Issuing an eviction order to protesters 1.09.02 Performing arrests at the camp 1.09.03 Raiding the camp and/or enforcing eviction deadlines made by the city or police 1.09.04 Other 1.10 mc What kind of official statement is this? 1.10.01 Speaking at a press conference 1.10.02 Informal interview with news media 1.10.03 A press release, open letter, email, or op-ed to the media and/or public 1.10.04 Social media and/or internet posting 1.10.05 Other 1.10.06 Information not given 1.11 cl What is the title or role of the speaker? Select all that apply: (Please highlight both the title and the name of each actor selected.) 1.11.01 Police Chief, Commissioner, Superintendent, or Sheriff 1.11.02 Assistant Police Chief, Commissioner, Superintendent, or Sheriff 1.11.03 Deputy Chief, Commissioner, or Superintendent 1.11.04 Commander or Inspector 1.11.05 Colonel 1.11.06 Major 1.11.07 Captain 1.11.08 Lieutenant 1.11.09 Sergeant 1.11.10 Officer 1.11.11 Official spokesperson, media correspondent 1.12 mc Which of the following information does the text give about when the statement was made? 1.12.01 The exact time 1.12.02 An approximate time 1.12.03 Information not given 1.14 mc Approximately when was the statement made? 1.14.01 Pre-dawn (12am-6am) 1.14.02 Morning (6am-12pm) 1.14.03 Mid-day (12pm-3pm) 1.14.04 Afternoon (3pm-6pm) 1.14.05 Evening (6pm-9pm) 1.14.06 Night (9pm-12am) if 1.01.01, then 1.02 if 1.01.03, then 1.03 if 1.01.03, then 1.04 if 1.01.04, then 1.05 if 1.01.04, then 1.06 if 1.01.05, then 1.06 if 1.01.09, then 1.07 if 1.01.11, then 1.08 if 1.01.13, then 1.09 if 1.01.14, then 1.10 if 1.10.any, then 1.11 if 1.10.any, then 1.12 if 1.12.02, then 1.14 2.01 mc Which of the following information does the text give about the event's location? 2.01.01 The exact location or address 2.01.02 An approximate location, or clues about where the event took place (e.g. "the small group of protesters marched down Market Street) 2.01.03 Information not given 2.04 mc Which of the following information does the text give about the number of police at the event? 2.04.01 The exact number 2.04.02 An estimate or approximate number 2.04.03 Information not given 2.05 mc Who estimated the number of police in attendance? 2.05.01 Author, Journalist, Media 2.05.02 Police 2.05.03 City official 2.05.04 Protester 2.05.05 Independent 2.05.06 Other 2.05.07 Information not given 2.06 mc Which of the following information does the text give about the number of protesters at the event? 2.06.01 The exact number 2.06.02 An estimate or approximate number 2.06.03 Information not given 2.07 mc Who estimated the number of protesters in attendance? 2.07.01 Author, Journalist, Media 2.07.02 Police 2.07.03 City official 2.07.04 Protester 2.07.05 Independent 2.07.06 Information not given 2.07.07 Other 2.08 cl Were any of the following groups at the event? 2.08.01 Counter-protesters 2.08.02 Anarchists or “Black Block” 2.08.03 Celebrities 2.08.04 Homeless 2.08.05 Union members 2.08.06 Occupiers from other cities 2.08.08 “Occupy the Hood” protesters 2.08.09 Other groups allied with Occupy 2.08.10 Allied politicians 2.09 cl Does the text provide any of the following information about who was in attendance? 2.09.01 The ethnic/gender/religious/political identities of participants 2.09.02 The economic class or circumstances of the participants 2.09.03 The age ranges of the participants 2.09.04 The education level of the participants 2.09.05 The occupations or job status of participants 2.12 cl Which of the following groups and identities were in attendance? 2.12.01 A wide variety of groups and identities 2.12.02 Women 2.12.03 Anarchists 2.12.04 Homeless 2.12.05 Union members 2.12.06 Reinforcement campers from other cities 2.12.07 Religious leaders or communities 2.12.08 Occupy the Hood protesters 2.12.09 Other groups allied with Occupy 2.12.10 Celebrities 2.12.11 Black/African-American 2.12.12 Hispanic/Latino/Chicano 2.12.13 Asian-American/Pacific Islander 2.12.14 Native American 2.12.15 Information not given 2.13 cl Which of the following economic class groups were in attendance? 2.13.01 A wide variety of classes 2.13.02 Working/Lower (less than $24,999) 2.13.03 Lower-Middle ($25,000-$49,999) 2.13.04 Middle ($50,000-$74,999) 2.13.05 Upper-Middle ($75,000-$99,999) 2.13.06 Upper ($100,000-$249,999) 2.13.07 The 1% ($250,000+) 2.13.08 Information not given 2.14 cl Which of the following age groups were in attendance? 2.14.01 A wide variety of ages 2.14.02 Under 18 2.14.03 18-25 2.14.04 26-35 2.14.05 36-45 2.14.06 46-65 2.14.07 66 or older 2.14.08 Information not given 2.15 cl Which of the following educational attainment groups were in attendance? 2.15.01 A wide variety of educational attainment levels 2.15.02 Less than high school diploma 2.15.03 High school diploma/GED 2.15.04 Some college (2 years or fewer) 2.15.05 College degree (B.A., B.S., trade school, technical school) 2.15.06 Master's degree 2.15.07 PhD 2.15.08 Information not given 2.16 cl Which of the following career fields/occupations are held by people who attended the event? 2.16.01 A wide variety of career fields/occupations 2.16.02 Unemployed 2.16.03 Architecture and Engineering 2.16.04 Arts, Entertainment, and Media 2.16.05 Cleaning and Janitorial 2.16.06 Business and Finance 2.16.07 Community and Social Services 2.16.10 Computer and Mathematical 2.16.11 Construction and Maintenance 2.16.12 Education and Library 2.16.13 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry 2.16.14 Food Services 2.16.15 Healthcare Practitioners, Technical, and Support 2.16.16 Legal 2.16.17 Life, Physical, and Social Science 2.16.18 Office and Management 2.16.19 Military 2.16.20 Personal Care and Service 2.16.21 Production 2.16.22 Sales and Marketing 2.16.23 Transportation 2.16.24 Student 2.16.25 Retired 2.19 cl Which of the following information does the text give about when the event occurred? 2.19.01 The exact start time 2.19.02 An approximate start time 2.19.03 The exact end time 2.19.04 An approximate end time 2.19.05 The duration (the length of time the event lasted after it began) 2.19.06 Information not given 2.20 mc Approximately when did the event begin? 2.20.01 Pre-dawn (12am-6am) 2.20.02 Morning (6am-12pm) 2.20.03 Mid-day (12pm-3pm) 2.20.04 Afternoon (3pm-6pm) 2.20.05 Evening (6pm-9pm) 2.20.06 Night (9pm-12am) 2.21 mc Approximately when did the event end? 2.21.01 Pre-dawn (12am-6am) 2.21.02 Morning (6am-12pm) 2.21.03 Mid-day (12pm-3pm) 2.21.04 Afternoon (3pm-6pm) 2.21.05 Evening (6pm-9pm) 2.21.06 Night (9pm-12am) 2.22 mc Approximately how long did the event last? 2.22.01 Less than 15 minutes 2.22.02 “Under half an hour”: 16-30 minutes 2.22.03 “Over half an hour”: 31-60 minutes 2.22.04 “A few hours”: 1-2 hours 2.22.05 “More than a few hours”: 3-5 hours 2.22.06 “Over 6 hours”: 6-11 hours 2.22.07 “Half a day”: 12-15 hours 2.22.08 “A full day”: 16-24 hours 2.22.09 “Overnight” or “More than 1 day” if 2.04.01, then 2.05 if 2.04.02, then 2.05 if 2.06.01, then 2.07 if 2.06.02, then 2.07 if 2.09.01, then 2.12 if 2.09.02, then 2.13 if 2.09.03, then 2.14 if 2.09.04, then 2.15 if 2.09.05, then 2.16 if 2.19.02, then 2.20 if 2.19.04, then 2.21 if 2.19.05, then 2.22 3.04 cl Does the text discuss police activities or the equipment they used 3.04.01 It discusses police activities 3.04.02 It discusses police equipment (e.g. tear gas, horses, batons, etc.) 3.04.03 Information not given 3.05 cl What kinds of things did the police do? 3.05.01 Ignore protesters minor violations (like jaywalking or blocking sidewalks) 3.05.02 Talk to protesters in a calm and cooperative manner 3.05.03 Monitor protesters from a distance 3.05.04 Use videocameras, drone cameras, or other video-recording technology 3.05.05 Warn protesters against breaking minor laws (like jaywalking or blocking sidewalks) 3.05.06 Issue tickets or citations to protesters breaking minor laws (like jaywalking or blocking sidewalks) 3.05.07 Issue tickets or citations to protesters for violating curfew laws 3.05.08 Arrest the most disruptive protesters 3.05.09 Arrest protest leaders or organizers 3.05.10 Push or shove protesters (with or without using riot shields) 3.05.11 Hit, punch, or kick protesters 3.05.12 Strike protesters with batons 3.05.13 Disperse protesters with water 3.05.14 Disperse protesters with sound canons (that direct uncomfortably loud noise at protesters) 3.05.15 Use pepper spray on protesters 3.05.16 Use tear gas on protesters 3.05.17 Fire rubber bullets at protesters 3.05.18 Fire bean bag rounds at protesters 3.05.19 Fire live ammunition (bullets) at protesters 3.05.20 Corral, “kettle,” or otherwise force protesters into a confined space 3.05.21 Arrest more than ten protesters protesters at a time 3.06 cl Which of the following gear and/or tactics did the police use during this event? Select all that apply: 3.06.01 Shields 3.06.02 Batons 3.06.03 Body Armor 3.06.04 Riot Gear (including some combination of the above) 3.06.05 Horses 3.06.06 Urban Assault Vehicles 3.06.07 Tear gas 3.06.08 Rubber Bullets 3.06.09 Beanbag Rounds 3.06.10 Pepper Spray 3.06.11 Skirmish lines 3.06.12 Motorcycles 3.06.13 Squad cars near or within protester crowds 3.06.14 Other if 3.04.01, then 3.05 if 3.04.02, then 3.06 4.01 mc Which of the following information does the text give about arrests that occurred during the event? 4.01.01 The exact number 4.01.02 An approximate number 4.01.03 Information not given 4.04 cl Who was arrested? 4.04.01 Protesters 4.04.02 Counterprotesters 4.04.03 Protesters from other cities 4.04.04 Independents 4.04.05 News reporters 4.04.06 City officials 4.04.07 Undercover police 4.04.08 Other 4.05 mc Which of the following information does the text give about when the arrests occurred? 4.05.01 The exact time (highlight only the precise time information) 4.05.02 An approximate time 4.05.03 Information not given 4.07 mc Approximately when did the arrests occur? 4.07.01 Pre-dawn (12am-6am) 4.07.02 Morning (6am-12pm) 4.07.03 Midday (12pm-3pm) 4.07.04 Afternoon (3pm-6pm) 4.07.05 Evening (6pm-9pm) 4.07.06 Night (9pm-12am) 4.08 mc Which of the following information does the text give about the number of protesters injured during the event? 4.08.01 The exact number 4.08.02 An approximate number 4.08.03 Information not given 4.11 mc Which of the following information does the text give about when the protesters were injured? 4.11.01 The exact time 4.11.02 An approximate time 4.11.03 Information not given 4.13 mc Approximately when were the protesters injured? 4.13.01 Pre-dawn (12am-6am) 4.13.02 Morning (6am-12pm) 4.13.03 Midday (12pm-3pm) 4.13.04 Afternoon (3pm-6pm) 4.13.05 Evening (6pm-9pm) 4.13.06 Night (9pm-12am) 4.14 mc Which of the following information does the text give about the number of police injured during the event? 4.14.01 The exact number 4.14.02 An approximate number 4.14.03 Information not given 4.17 mc Which of the following information does the text give about when the police were injured? 4.17.01 The exact time 4.17.02 An approximate time 4.17.03 Information not given 4.19 mc Approximately when were the police injured? 4.19.01 Pre-dawn (12am-6am) 4.19.02 Morning (6am-12pm) 4.19.03 Midday (12pm-3pm) 4.19.04 Afternoon (3pm-6pm) 4.19.05 Evening (6pm-9pm) 4.19.06 Night (9pm-12am) if 4.05.02, then 4.07 if 4.11.02, then 4.13 if 4.17.02, then 4.19 Instructions: Highlight text describes the time, location, and all the actions of a police-initiated event occurring during the Occupy movement. Remember, a police-initiated event is one that the police plan or lead, AND that is not in direct immediate response to an event protesters have initiated. Many police activities occur during events that protesters initiate, and those police activities should be highlighted as a part of a PROTESTER-initiated event. If more than one event is described, be sure to adjust the highlight flag indicating which text corresponds with which event.


abacus
alarm-light-off
alarm-light-off-outline
broadcast
broadcast-off
calendar-clock-outline
chat-question
chat-question-outline
check-decagram-outline
clipboard-clock
clipboard-clock-outline
cookie-clock
cookie-clock-outline
cookie-edit
cookie-edit-outline
cookie-lock
cookie-lock-outline
cookie-off
cookie-off-outline
cookie-refresh
cookie-refresh-outline
dog-side-off
fan-auto
fire-off
firework-off
food-turkey
gift-off
gift-off-outline
gift-open
gift-open-outline
kettle-pour-over
koala
message-question
message-question-outline
message-reply-outline
message-reply-text-outline
movie-check
movie-check-outline
movie-cog
movie-cog-outline
movie-minus
movie-minus-outline
movie-off
movie-off-outline
movie-open-check
movie-open-check-outline
movie-open-cog
movie-open-cog-outline
movie-open-edit
movie-open-edit-outline
movie-open-minus
movie-open-minus-outline
movie-open-off
movie-open-off-outline
movie-open-play
movie-open-play-outline
movie-open-plus
movie-open-plus-outline
movie-open-remove
movie-open-remove-outline
movie-open-settings
movie-open-settings-outline
movie-open-star
movie-open-star-outline
movie-play
movie-play-outline
movie-plus
movie-plus-outline
movie-remove
movie-remove-outline
movie-settings
movie-settings-outline
movie-star
movie-star-outline
projector-screen-outline
robot-happy
robot-happy-outline
script-text-key
script-text-key-outline
script-text-play
script-text-play-outline
star-shooting
star-shooting-outline
surround-sound-2-1
surround-sound-5-1-2
table-picnic
tag-arrow-down
tag-arrow-down-outline
tag-arrow-left
tag-arrow-left-outline
tag-arrow-right
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tag-arrow-up
tag-arrow-up-outline
train-car-passenger
train-car-passenger-door
train-car-passenger-door-open
train-car-passenger-variant
turkey
webcam-off


Theme Demo - DuoTone - Markdown Mode # Getting the Gist of Markdown's Formatting Syntax Getting the Gist of Markdown's Formatting Syntax ------------------------------------------------ [s]: /projects/markdown/syntax "Markdown Syntax" [d]: /projects/markdown/dingus "Markdown Dingus" [src]: /projects/markdown/basics.text ## Paragraphs, Headers, Blockquotes ## A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a blank line -- a line containing nothing but spaces or tabs is considered blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be indented with spaces or tabs. Markdown offers two styles of headers: *Setext* and *atx*. Setext-style headers for `<h1>` and `<h2>` are created by "underlining" with equal signs (`=`) and hyphens (`-`), respectively. To create an atx-style header, you put 1-6 hash marks (`#`) at the beginning of the line -- the number of hashes equals the resulting HTML header level. Blockquotes are indicated using email-style '`>`' angle brackets. Horizontal Rules You can produce a horizontal rule tag () by placing three or more hyphens, asterisks, or underscores on a line by themselves. If you wish, you may use spaces between the hyphens or asterisks. Each of the following lines will produce a horizontal rule: * * * *** - - - Markdown: A First Level Header ==================== A Second Level Header --------------------- Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country. This is just a regular paragraph. The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog's back. ### Header 3 > This is a blockquote. > > This is the second paragraph in the blockquote. > > ## This is an H2 in a blockquote ### Phrase Emphasis ### Markdown uses asterisks and underscores to indicate spans of emphasis. Markdown: Some of these words *are emphasized*. Some of these words _are emphasized also_. Use two asterisks for **strong emphasis**. Or, if you prefer, __use two underscores instead__. ## Lists ## Unordered (bulleted) lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens (`*`, `+`, and `-`) as list markers. These three markers are interchangable; this: * Candy. * Gum. * Booze. this: + Candy. + Gum. + Booze. and this: - Candy. - Gum. - Booze. all produce the same output:

Candy.

Gum.

Booze.

 Ordered (numbered) lists use regular numbers, followed by periods, as list markers: 1. Red 2. Green 3. Blue If you put blank lines between items, you'll get `<p>` tags for the list item text. You can create multi-paragraph list items by indenting the paragraphs by 4 spaces or 1 tab: * A list item. With multiple paragraphs. * Another item in the list. ### Links ### Markdown supports two styles for creating links: *inline* and *reference*. With both styles, you use square brackets to delimit the text you want to turn into a link. Inline-style links use parentheses immediately after the link text. For example: This is an [example link](http://example.com/). Optionally, you may include a title attribute in the parentheses: This is an [example link](http://example.com/ "With a Title"). Reference-style links allow you to refer to your links by names, which you define elsewhere in your document: I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][1] than from [Yahoo][2] or [MSN][3]. [1]: http://google.com/ "Google" [2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search" [3]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search" The title attribute is optional. Link names may contain letters, numbers and spaces, but are *not* case sensitive: I start my morning with a cup of coffee and [The New York Times][NY Times]. [ny times]: http://www.nytimes.com/ ### Images ### Image syntax is very much like link syntax. Inline (titles are optional): ![alt text](/path/to/img.jpg "Title") Reference-style: ![alt text][id] [id]: /path/to/img.jpg "Title" Both of the above examples produce the same output:  ### Code ### In a regular paragraph, you can create code span by wrapping text in backtick quotes. Any ampersands (`&`) and angle brackets (`<` or `>`) will automatically be translated into HTML entities. This makes it easy to use Markdown to write about HTML example code: I strongly recommend against using any `<blink>` tags. I wish SmartyPants used named entities like `—` instead of decimal-encoded entites like `—`. To specify an entire block of pre-formatted code, indent every line of the block by 4 spaces or 1 tab. Just like with code spans, `&`, `<`, and `>` characters will be escaped automatically. (function(mod) { if (typeof exports == "object" && typeof module == "object") // CommonJS mod(require("../../lib/codemirror"), require("../htmlmixed/htmlmixed"), require("../ruby/ruby")); else if (typeof define == "function" && define.amd) // AMD define(["../../lib/codemirror", "../htmlmixed/htmlmixed", "../ruby/ruby"], mod); else // Plain browser env mod(CodeMirror); })(function(CodeMirror) { "use strict"; ``` (function(mod) { if (typeof exports == "object" && typeof module == "object") // CommonJS mod(require("../../lib/codemirror"), require("../htmlmixed/htmlmixed"), require("../ruby/ruby")); else if (typeof define == "function" && define.amd) // AMD define(["../../lib/codemirror", "../htmlmixed/htmlmixed", "../ruby/ruby"], mod); else // Plain browser env mod(CodeMirror); })(function(CodeMirror) { "use strict"; ``` Select a theme: default duotone-dark-cm duotone-darksea-cm duotone-darkspace-cm duotone-darkearth-cm duotone-darkforest-cm duotone-darkcave-cm duotone-darkdesert-cm duotone-darkheath-cm duotone-darkmeadow-cm duotone-darkpark-cm duotone-darkpool-cm duotone-darklake-cm duotone-light-light-cm


Split string by
Split by this character or characters.
Split options
You can trim the result, split by linebreaks only and remove empty lines from result array.
Output options
By default everything is combined to one array, but if you uncheck "one array", output is array per input array.


{# ------------------------------------------------------- #} {# INDIVIDUAL VIEW FOR EACH EVENT #} {# This page can use any data from http:localhost:2000/cms/#/form/articles/ #} {# Webhook uses the SWIG.js (like Djagno/Twig) templating system. Their documentation is here: #} {# http://paularmstrong.github.io/swig/docs/tags/ #} {# Learn about calling data into Webhook pages here: #} {# http://www.webhook.com/docs/template-rules-and-filters/ #} {# ------------------------------------------------------- #} {# Confused what extends and blocks do? Watch a primer: #} {# http://www.webhook.com/docs/template-inheritance-blocks/ #} {% extends "templates/partials/base.html" %} {# This sets our page


Forward edges are those nontree edges (u,v) connecting a vertex u to a descendant v in a depth-first tree.


--- title: "The global SDG indicators" permalink: "/topic/indicators/" layout: "topic" topic-tag: "indicators" show-resources: true ---
Following the development of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the UN Inter-agency Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goals (IAEG-SDGs), led by the UN Statistical Commission, identified 242 global indicators to monitor progress toward achieving the 17 goals and their 169 associated targets.
The IAEG categorized the indicators in three tiers: Those that have a clear methodology and data gathered to support them (Tier I), those that have an established methodology but no regular data collection (Tier II), and those that have neither a clear methodology nor regular data collection (Tier III).


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java.lang.Object org.apache.jackrabbit.core.query.AbstractQueryHandler edu.northwestern.jcr.adapter.xtf.query.SearchIndex
public class SearchIndex
Implements a Jackrabbit query handler using Fedora.
Both the XPath and SQL queries are translated by the Jackrabbit core to the Abstract Query Tree (AQT), the common query description format that allows Jackrabbit to implement a query engine which is (to a certain extent) independent of the query syntax used (XPath or SQL). The "Search Implementation" section of the Jackrabbit website details the implementation of searches in Jackrabbit along with the default search index being used.
The search index in Jackrabbit is pluggable and has a default implementation based on Apache Lucene. The default implementation is independent of the persistence manager being used. To connect to an existing XTF repository, this search index manager is written to interpret the AQT and generate raw XML queries that can be executed against the raw servlet of the XTF repository.
In the default workspace configuration file
jackrabbit/workspaces/default/workspace.xml
this XTF
search index
is set as the search index used by the Jackrabbit repository
(in place of the default Lucene search index).
The default Jackrabbit search index actually maintains the index using Apache Lucene as well as running the parsed queries against the Lucene index. This search index, on the other hand, only handles queries since the "index" for XTF documents is maintained by XTF repository.
ORDER BY clause is handled here by the sort(java.lang.String[], java.util.Map
method. Other
than that this class is little more than a wrapper of query handling
classes.
| Field Summary | |
|---|---|
private boolean |
autoRepair
If set true errors detected by the consistency check are
repaired. |
private int |
bufferSize
Number of documents that are buffered before they are added to the index. |
private int |
cacheSize
The uuid resolver cache size. |
private boolean |
closed
Indicates if this SearchIndex is closed and cannot be used
anymore. |
private boolean |
consistencyCheckEnabled
If set true the index is checked for consistency depending
on the forceConsistencyCheck parameter. |
static int |
DEFAULT_EXTRACTOR_BACK_LOG
The default value for property extractorBackLog . |
static int |
DEFAULT_EXTRACTOR_POOL_SIZE
Deprecated. this value is not used anymore. Instead the default value is calculated as follows: 2 * Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(). |
static long |
DEFAULT_EXTRACTOR_TIMEOUT
The default timeout in milliseconds which is granted to the text extraction process until fulltext indexing is deferred to a background thread. |
static int |
DEFAULT_MAX_FIELD_LENGTH
the default value for property maxFieldLength . |
static int |
DEFAULT_MAX_MERGE_DOCS
The default value for property maxMergeDocs . |
static int |
DEFAULT_MERGE_FACTOR
the default value for property mergeFactor . |
static int |
DEFAULT_MIN_MERGE_DOCS
The default value for property minMergeDocs . |
private static org.apache.jackrabbit.spi.commons.query.DefaultQueryNodeFactory |
DEFAULT_QUERY_NODE_FACTORY
|
private boolean |
documentOrder
Flag indicating whether document order is enabled as the default ordering. |
private int |
extractorBackLog
extractorBackLog config parameter |
private int |
extractorPoolSize
extractorPoolSize config parameter |
private long |
extractorTimeout
extractorTimeout config parameter |
private boolean |
forceConsistencyCheck
If set true the index is checked for consistency on startup. |
private static org.apache.jackrabbit.spi.Path |
JCR_SYSTEM_PATH
The path /jcr:system . |
private static org.slf4j.Logger |
log
The logger instance for this class |
private int |
maxFieldLength
maxFieldLength config parameter |
private int |
maxMergeDocs
maxMergeDocs config parameter |
private int |
mergeFactor
mergeFactor config parameter |
private int |
minMergeDocs
minMergeDocs config parameter. |
private org.apache.jackrabbit.spi.commons.conversion.NamePathResolver |
npResolver
The name and path resolver used internally. |
private static java.lang.String |
NS_MAPPING_FILE
Name of the file to persist search internal namespace mappings. |
private NamespaceMappings |
nsMappings
The namespace mappings used internally. |
private int |
resultFetchSize
The number of documents that are pre fetched when a query is executed. |
private static org.apache.jackrabbit.spi.Path |
ROOT_PATH
The path of the root node. |
private boolean |
supportHighlighting
If set to true the fulltext field is stored and and a term
vector is created with offset information. |
private boolean |
useCompoundFile
Compound file flag |
static java.util.List |
VALID_SYSTEM_INDEX_NODE_TYPE_NAMES
|
private int |
volatileIdleTime
volatileIdleTime config parameter. |
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
SearchIndex()
Default constructor. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
void |
addNode(org.apache.jackrabbit.core.state.NodeState node)
Adds the node to the search index. |
private void |
checkOpen()
Checks if this SearchIndex is open, otherwise throws
an IOException . |
void |
close()
Closes this QueryHandler and frees resources attached
to this handler. |
org.apache.jackrabbit.core.query.ExecutableQuery |
createExecutableQuery(org.apache.jackrabbit.core.SessionImpl session,
org.apache.jackrabbit.core.ItemManager itemMgr,
org.apache.jackrabbit.spi.commons.query.qom.QueryObjectModelTree qomTree)
Creates a new query by specifying the query object model. |
org.apache.jackrabbit.core.query.ExecutableQuery |
createExecutableQuery(org.apache.jackrabbit.core.SessionImpl session,
org.apache.jackrabbit.core.ItemManager itemMgr,
java.lang.String statement,
java.lang.String language)
Creates a new query by specifying the query statement itself and the language in which the query is stated. |
void |
deleteNode(org.apache.jackrabbit.core.NodeId id)
Removes the node with uuid from the search index. |
protected void |
doInit()
Initializes this QueryHandler . |
MultiColumnQueryHits |
executeQuery(org.apache.jackrabbit.core.SessionImpl session,
AbstractQueryImpl queryImpl,
XTFQuery query,
org.apache.jackrabbit.spi.Name[] orderProps,
boolean[] orderSpecs)
Sorts the query results and converts them to query hits (in the form "{} {}path1 {}path2 ..."). |
NamespaceMappings |
getNamespaceMappings()
Returns the namespace mappings for the internal representation. |
protected org.apache.jackrabbit.spi.commons.query.DefaultQueryNodeFactory |
getQueryNodeFactory()
This method returns the QueryNodeFactory used to parse Queries. |
private javax.jcr.Session |
loginRepository()
|
private java.lang.String[] |
sort(java.lang.String[] lines,
java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.String> valueMap,
boolean[] orderSpecs)
Sorts the query results based on the value of the properties. |
void |
updateNodes(org.apache.jackrabbit.core.NodeIdIterator remove,
org.apache.jackrabbit.core.state.NodeStateIterator add)
Ignore the updates since the resource index is managed by Fedora. |
| Methods inherited from class org.apache.jackrabbit.core.query.AbstractQueryHandler |
|---|
getContext, getIdleTime, getOnWorkspaceInconsistency, getOnWorkspaceInconsistencyHandler, getQueryClass, init, setIdleTime, setOnWorkspaceInconsistency, setQueryClass |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
|---|
public static final java.util.List VALID_SYSTEM_INDEX_NODE_TYPE_NAMES
private static final org.apache.jackrabbit.spi.commons.query.DefaultQueryNodeFactory DEFAULT_QUERY_NODE_FACTORY
private static final org.slf4j.Logger log
private static final java.lang.String NS_MAPPING_FILE
public static final int DEFAULT_MIN_MERGE_DOCS
minMergeDocs
.
public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_MERGE_DOCS
maxMergeDocs
.
public static final int DEFAULT_MERGE_FACTOR
mergeFactor
.
public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_FIELD_LENGTH
maxFieldLength
.
public static final int DEFAULT_EXTRACTOR_POOL_SIZE
extractorPoolSize
.
public static final int DEFAULT_EXTRACTOR_BACK_LOG
extractorBackLog
.
public static final long DEFAULT_EXTRACTOR_TIMEOUT
private static final org.apache.jackrabbit.spi.Path ROOT_PATH
private static final org.apache.jackrabbit.spi.Path JCR_SYSTEM_PATH
/jcr:system
.
private NamespaceMappings nsMappings
private org.apache.jackrabbit.spi.commons.conversion.NamePathResolver npResolver
private int minMergeDocs
private int volatileIdleTime
private int maxMergeDocs
private int mergeFactor
private int maxFieldLength
private int extractorPoolSize
private int extractorBackLog
private long extractorTimeout
private int bufferSize
private boolean useCompoundFile
private boolean documentOrder
false
.
private boolean forceConsistencyCheck
true
the index is checked for consistency on startup.
If false
a consistency check is only performed when there
are entries in the redo log on startup.
Default value is: false
.
private boolean consistencyCheckEnabled
true
the index is checked for consistency depending
on the forceConsistencyCheck
parameter. If set to
false
, no consistency check is performed, even if the redo
log had been applied on startup.
Default value is: false
.
private boolean autoRepair
true
errors detected by the consistency check are
repaired. If false
the errors are only reported in the log.
Default value is: true
.
private int cacheSize
1000
.
private int resultFetchSize
Integer.MAX_VALUE
.
private boolean supportHighlighting
true
the fulltext field is stored and and a term
vector is created with offset information.
Default value is: false
.
private boolean closed
SearchIndex
is closed and cannot be used
anymore.
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public SearchIndex()
| Method Detail |
|---|
protected void doInit() throws java.io.IOException
QueryHandler
. This implementation requires
that a path parameter is set in the configuration. If this condition
is not met, a IOException
is thrown.
doInit
in class org.apache.jackrabbit.core.query.AbstractQueryHandler
java.io.IOException
- if an error occurs while initializing this handler.public void addNode(org.apache.jackrabbit.core.state.NodeState node) throws javax.jcr.RepositoryException, java.io.IOException
node
to the search index.
node
- the node to add.
javax.jcr.RepositoryException
- if an error occurs while indexing the node.
java.io.IOException
- if an error occurs while adding the node to the index.public void deleteNode(org.apache.jackrabbit.core.NodeId id) throws java.io.IOException
uuid
from the search index.
id
- the id of the node to remove from the index.
java.io.IOException
- if an error occurs while removing the node from
the index.public void updateNodes(org.apache.jackrabbit.core.NodeIdIterator remove, org.apache.jackrabbit.core.state.NodeStateIterator add)
updateNodes
in interface org.apache.jackrabbit.core.query.QueryHandler
updateNodes
in class org.apache.jackrabbit.core.query.AbstractQueryHandler
remove
- uuids of nodes to remove.add
- NodeStates to add. Calls to next()
on this
iterator may return null
, to indicate that a
node could not be indexed successfully.public org.apache.jackrabbit.core.query.ExecutableQuery createExecutableQuery(org.apache.jackrabbit.core.SessionImpl session, org.apache.jackrabbit.core.ItemManager itemMgr, java.lang.String statement, java.lang.String language) throws javax.jcr.query.InvalidQueryException
language
must specify a query language
string from among those returned by QueryManager.getSupportedQueryLanguages(); if it is not
then an InvalidQueryException
is thrown.
session
- the session of the current user creating the query object.itemMgr
- the item manager of the current user.statement
- the query statement.language
- the syntax of the query statement.
Query
object.
javax.jcr.query.InvalidQueryException
- if statement is invalid or language is unsupported.public org.apache.jackrabbit.core.query.ExecutableQuery createExecutableQuery(org.apache.jackrabbit.core.SessionImpl session, org.apache.jackrabbit.core.ItemManager itemMgr, org.apache.jackrabbit.spi.commons.query.qom.QueryObjectModelTree qomTree) throws javax.jcr.query.InvalidQueryException
session
- the session of the current user creating the query
object.itemMgr
- the item manager of the current user.qomTree
- query query object model tree.
Query
object.
javax.jcr.query.InvalidQueryException
- if the query object model tree is invalid.QueryHandler.createExecutableQuery(SessionImpl, ItemManager, QueryObjectModelTree)
protected org.apache.jackrabbit.spi.commons.query.DefaultQueryNodeFactory getQueryNodeFactory()
public void close()
QueryHandler
and frees resources attached
to this handler.
private java.lang.String[] sort(java.lang.String[] lines, java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.String> valueMap, boolean[] orderSpecs)
lines
- array of comma-separated full paths to the query resultsvalueMap
- maps pid to comma-separated valuesorderSpecs
- true for ascending, false for descending
private javax.jcr.Session loginRepository() throws java.lang.Exception
java.lang.Exception
public MultiColumnQueryHits executeQuery(org.apache.jackrabbit.core.SessionImpl session, AbstractQueryImpl queryImpl, XTFQuery query, org.apache.jackrabbit.spi.Name[] orderProps, boolean[] orderSpecs) throws java.io.IOException, java.lang.Exception
XTFQuery
object is already populated with query results.
session
- the session that executes the query.queryImpl
- the query impl.query
- the Fedora query with the result list already populated.orderProps
- name of the properties for sort order.orderSpecs
- the order specs for the sort order properties.
true
indicates ascending order, false
indicates
descending.
java.io.IOException
- if an error occurs while searching the index.
java.lang.Exception
public NamespaceMappings getNamespaceMappings()
private void checkOpen() throws java.io.IOException
SearchIndex
is open, otherwise throws
an IOException
.
java.io.IOException
- if this SearchIndex
had been closed.
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New Zealand
This trip was filled with adventure all on the right side of the road/driver seat. Not only are those reverse but the turn signal and wipers are reversed too. I visited Auckland, Wangarei, Manukau City, Linwood and Ricarton. I remember the feeling of this trip because Drake’s More Life album came out and I was playing it all through the drive.
Soundtrack
Went to the Christchurch Gondola to take a good view of the islands.
The first day of the job I got blessed by a manager, it was pretty cool. He blessed me for a successful trip and welcomed me to NZ. The indigenous people of New Zealand are Maori. You can learn more about the culture Here.
People here were pretty nice. They like to call themselves "Kiwis". NZ was recently effected by an earthquake so a lot of civil engineers came over. To live in NZ you need a specific Visa for your type of work.
Later, I got to Whangarei by plane. The local airport here had no security and were similar to how Buses operate. It was actually really cool. I distinctively remember meeting a music producer and talking with him. There was a hiking trail for the Whangarei falls nearby so I decided to check that out.
Sadly this was all the pictures I could find that I took, writing this post in 2019, it's difficult to remember everything from this trip, especially since there was a lot of action and movement here. No one regrets taking too many pictures
I learned later that bungee jumping was actually made or first done in Queensland. Unfortunately I did not get a chance to check it out but if you are going to bungee jump for the first time, it might as well be in Queensland. More info Here.
My favorite stays were Metropolitan Motel in Christchurch. Great location, near a mall and within walking distance of bars, food and cafes.
For Auckland, I stayed in the Posonby Manor. This was a pretty cute bed and breakfast with a pretty cool host and one amazing patio. I like this one especially because it was in the heart of the city, everything was walkable and it had its own parking lot.
In Whangarei, I stayed at Kereru Cottage. This was a guesthouse airbnb but it was extremely cozy and relaxing.


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The best way to create a digital presence is by having a website or application. Create your image, display your vision, and share your talents.
Connect with your audience and optimize the best approach to share evergreen content.
Update your content and utilize tools that will bring in users and clients.


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Data Analysis and Visualization using R
Michiel Noback, PhD
last edit: 2018-05-15
1 Resources, Exercises and Presentations
Resources, Exercises and Presentations
Data & Resources
Course Data
In this section all data files used or required for the course presentations or exercises are listed.
- Whale selenium data: whale_selenium.txt
- Bird observation data: Observations-Data-2014.xlsx or, as csv
- Food constituents: food_constituents.txt
- Wine review data: winemag-data-130k-v2.csv
Resources
These resources will be used extensively during the course.
- The R project
The official R language website: www.r-project.org - CRAN
The Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) is a network of ftp and web servers around the world that store identical, up-to-date, versions of code and documentation for R - R studio
R studio is the most popular IDE for writing, running, documenting, and maintaining R code projects: http://www.rstudio.com - R Markdown
R Markdown is a Markdown “Dialect” used for presenting, documenting and reporting in R: http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com - R cheat sheet
The R cheat sheet that is also available at the computer exam. - RMarkdown reference
The RMarkdown reference cards with extensive documentation. Also available at the computer exam! - Swirl course
Swirl course to accompany this course: http://github.com/MichielNoback/R_Data_Analysis - Bioconductor
Bioconductor provides tools for the analysis and comprehension of high- throughput genomic data: http://www.bioconductor.org
Exercises
To work on the exercises, download the Rmarkdown file (right click: save as..)
and open it in Rstudio. Work on the Exercises and klick “Knit HTML” to generate
an HTML report of your work.
For your convenience, I also provide a link to the Knitted PDF version.
Swirl
- The swirl course to accompany the lectures and exercises
Course assignments
- Course assignments part 1 | Rmd | PDF |
- Course assignments part 2 | Rmd | PDF |
- Course assignments part 1 Solutions | HTML | PDF |
- Course assignments part 2 Solutions | HTML | PDF |
Training exam
- Training exam zip file Download the zip, extract it and start working on the file training TRAINING_EXAM.Rmd (pdf view also supplied). Do not use the internet, but only the supplied files and time yourself to a maximum of 1,5 hours. The actual test will be slightly longer (2 hours). Solutions are supplied but I suggest you only look at these after completing the test.
- Training exam zip file alternative link
Screencasts
Presentations
-
Introduction: Toolbox | HTML | PDF |
This is the general introduction of the course. It gives a brief overview of the tools in the R toolbox:- The programming language R
- The Integrated Development Environment (IDE) RStudio)
- RMarkdown, the technology to create well-formatted documents with embedded R code and its output
SWIRL, the interactive learning environment for R
-
Basic R | HTML | PDF |
The basic datatypes and functionality of R are explored, as well as some plotting techniques: scatter plot, histogram, and boxplot.
-
Complex Datatypes | HTML | PDF |
You will get to know the more complex of the R data types: - factor (actually a base data type, but complex in its use)
- list which is the type that can hold any type of any length
dataframe, the mother of all datatypes, which is actually also a list albeit a special one. You will see how to create them and manipulate them on a basic level. This section also shows a sunny day scenario for reading data from file.
-
Functions | HTML | PDF |
Functions are explored here. Functions are reusable pieces of code. In this presentation, a variety of funcion-related aspects of R are presented: - Descriptive statistics functions
- Sorting and ordering
- General purpose functions (e.g..
paste
,str
,cut
) - Advanced usage of
read.table()
- Writing data to file
- Flow control
Creating functions
-
Dataframe manipulations | HTML | PDF |
Here, all functions and techniques used fo manipulating dataframes (and lists) are discussed. These include with
to create a local scope/environmentsubset
to make advanced and readable selectionsapply
and its relativeslapply
,sapply
,tapply
aggregate
split
andmerge
-
Sampling and testing | HTML | PDF |
Some remaining topics are reviewed here: - Random sampling of a distribution, a predefined set, or range of numbers
Statistitcal tests (
t.test
,aov
,chisq.test
)


Test for independence of two random vectors, learn and report the dependency structure. For more information, see Gorsky and Ma (2018) <arXiv:1806.06777>.
| Version: | 0.1.2 |
| Imports: | Rcpp (≥ 0.12.17), data.table |
| LinkingTo: | Rcpp, RcppArmadillo |
| Suggests: | png, qgraph, knitr, rmarkdown |
| Published: | 2018-08-05 |
| Author: | S. Gorsky, L. Ma |
| Maintainer: | S. Gorsky <s.gorsky at duke.edu> |
| License: | CC0 |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| Materials: | NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | MultiFit results |
| Reference manual: | MultiFit.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
MultiFit |
| Package source: | MultiFit_0.1.2.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: MultiFit_0.1.2.zip, r-release: MultiFit_0.1.2.zip, r-oldrel: MultiFit_0.1.2.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: MultiFit_0.1.2.tgz, r-oldrel: MultiFit_0.1.2.tgz |
| Old sources: | MultiFit archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MultiFit to link to this page.


Olympic gold medallist Bruny Surin falls short in bid for council seat in Laval, Que.
Olympic gold-medal sprinter Bruny Surin has finished as the runner-up in his first political bid.
Surin ran in Sunday’s municipal by-election in Laval, Que., a city just north of Montreal, finishing second in an attempt to become councillor in the Marc-Aurele-Fortin district.
The four-time Olympian ran under the banner of the Mouvement Lavallois party led by Laval’s current mayor, Marc Demers.
He lost narrowly to Michel Trottier, leader of the Parti Laval, who garnered 1,501 votes to Surin’s 1,419.
The seat was vacant after the death of the previous councillor, and Surin had said his interest in promoting healthy lifestyles and his desire for community involvement was behind his decision to enter politics.
Surin, 52, was a member of the Canadian team that won a gold medal in the 4x100 metre relay at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.
Since retiring from track and field in 2002, Surin has worked as a businessman, speaker and head of the Bruny Surin foundation, which promotes healthy living among youth.
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/* <CoffeeScript> class iCalculator </CoffeeScript> */ /** * @class Lumenize.iCalculator * * This serves as documentation for the interface expected of all Lumenize Calculators. You can extend from it but it's * not technically necessary. You are more likely to copy this as the starting point for a new calculator. * * @constructor * @param {Object} config * The config properties are up to you. */ /* <CoffeeScript> The config properties are up to you. throw new Error('iCalculator is an interface not a base class. You must override this constructor.') addSnapshots: (snapshots, startOn, endBefore) -> </CoffeeScript> */ /** * @method addSnapshots * @member Lumenize.iCalculator * Allows you to incrementally add snapshots to this calculator. * @chainable * @param {Object[]} snapshots An array of temporal data model snapshots. * @param {String} startOn A ISOString (e.g. '2012-01-01T12:34:56.789Z') indicating the time start of the period of * interest. On the second through nth call, this should equal the previous endBefore. * @param {String} endBefore A ISOString (e.g. '2012-01-01T12:34:56.789Z') indicating the moment just past the time * period of interest. * @return {iCalculator} */ /* <CoffeeScript> throw new Error('iCalculator is an interface not a base class. You must override this addSnapshots method.') # example code follows if @upToDateISOString? utils.assert(@upToDateISOString == startOn, "startOn (#{startOn}) parameter should equal endBefore of previous call (#{@upToDateISOString}) to addSnapshots.") @upToDateISOString = endBefore # Do what you need to do return this getResults: () -> </CoffeeScript> */ /** * @method getResults * @member Lumenize.iCalculator * Returns the current state of the calculator * @return {Object} The type and format of what it returns is up to you. */ /* <CoffeeScript> throw new Error('iCalculator is an interface not a base class. You must override this getResults method.') getStateForSaving: (meta) -> </CoffeeScript> */ /** * @method getStateForSaving * @member Lumenize.iCalculator * Enables saving the state of this calculator. See TimeInStateCalculator for a detailed example. * @param {Object} [meta] An optional parameter that will be added to the serialized output and added to the meta field * within the deserialized calculator. * @return {Object} Returns an Ojbect representing the state of the calculator. This Object is suitable for saving to * to an object store or LocalCache. Use the static method `newFromSavedState()` with this Object as the parameter to reconstitute * the calculator. */ /* <CoffeeScript> throw new Error('iCalculator is an interface not a base class. You must override this getStateForSaving method.') # example code follows out = {} out.upToDateISOString = @upToDateISOString if meta? out.meta = meta # Add whatever you need to fully serialize the state of the calculator return out @newFromSavedState: (p) -> </CoffeeScript> */ /** * @method newFromSavedState * @member Lumenize.iCalculator * Deserializes a previously saved calculator and returns a new calculator. See TimeInStateCalculator for a detailed example. * @static * @param {String/Object} p A String or Object from a previously saved calculator state * @return {iCalculator} */ /* <CoffeeScript> throw new Error('iCalculator is an interface not a base class. You must override this @newFromSavedState method.') # example code follows if utils.type(p) is 'string' p = JSON.parse(p) # calculator = new <your_class_here>(p.config) if p.meta? calculator.meta = p.meta # Other stuff to restore the calculator state calculator.upToDateISOString = p.upToDateISOString return calculator exports.iCalculator = iCalculator </CoffeeScript> */


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I've worked with some diverse clients as well as many smaller community projects. Below is a
list of some of my bigger clients. They have included Playgen, BBC, Welcome Trust, Research Now
and many other smaller operations.
I also host a number of open source projects
which you can view and access via my Github account.


| Course | School/College | University/Board | Marks | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B.Tech | Galgotias College of Engineering And Technology | APJAKTU | 73.38 | 2013-2017 |
| Senior Secondary | Ratna Memorial Public School | CBSE | 68.4 | 2012 |
| High School | Ratna Memorial Public School | CBSE | 83.6 | 2010 |
Duration:
August, 2021 - Current
Duration:
November, 2019 - August 2021
(1 year, 6 months)
Duration:
February, 2018 - October 2019
(1 year, 10 months)
Duration:
July, 2017 - January, 2018
(6 months)
Duration:
May, 2017 - June, 2017
(2 months)
Duration:
July, 2016 - August, 2016
(2 months)
Da-vis stands for Data Visualizer. An online open source project which aims at providing real time data visualization on small scale. Da-vis will be displaying the statistical visualization for the entered data using Histogram, Pie Chart, Doughnut Chart and Line Chart.
>


Tea Time With: An Empirical Comparison of Supervised Learning Algorithms
Goals
Find out which learning algorithm is better or worse than the others in a systematic manner.
Paper can be downloaded here.
Key Points
- The top models are: Boosted decision trees, random forests, bagged decision trees, SVM, neural networks.
- The worst models are: Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, Decision Trees.
- Even the best model can perform poorly on some datasets. Note that the results present means the algorithm ranked top performs in general the best, albeit it performs poorly in some datasets.
- If a model selection is done by looking into the test set (data snooping), the final model performance increases, which is expected. However, models with the high variance increases the most (like ANN, SVM, but not boosted or bagged models, which decreases variance but increases bias), because validation sets does not always select the model with the best performance on the final test set.
- Platt Scaling and Isotonic Regression are techniques to scale a classification of a model to posterior probabilities (i.e. [0,1] scale).
About the Experiment
- Run multiple learning algorithms against 11 problems each with a 5-fold cross-validation for model selection.
- All learning algorithms: Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Logistic Regression (LOGREG), Naive Bayes (NB), K Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Random Forests (RF), Decision Trees (DT), Bagged Trees (BAG-DT), Boosted Trees (BST-DT), Boosted Stumps (BST-STMP).
- Training size is 5000, and the rest of the data is always testing set.
- A total of 8 metrics, including accuracy, area under ROC curve, etc.
- Scores are calibrated via Platt Scaling or Isotonic Regression for models that give binary output.


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class Crexcel::Workbook
- Crexcel::Workbook
- Reference
- Object
Overview
The Workbook Class is the main class of Crexcel. It create the file which will contains the worksheets.
NOTE Don't forget to call the close method in order to generate your xlsx file!
Defined in:
crexcel/workbook.crConstructors
-
.new(name : String)
The new method let you create a workbook, you only need one per file you want to generate.
Instance Method Summary
-
#add_worksheet(name : String)
Call this to add a worksheet to the workbook with a name.
-
#add_worksheet
Call this to add a worksheet to the workbook without giving it a name.
-
#close
This function close the workbook and generate a xlsx file.
- #dirs : Dirs
- #name : String
Constructor Detail
The new method let you create a workbook, you only need one per file you want to generate.

Instance Method Detail
Call this to add a worksheet to the workbook with a name.
It returns a Worksheet object
workbook = Workbook.new("thing.xlsx")
first_worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet("test")
Call this to add a worksheet to the workbook without giving it a name.
It returns a Worksheet object
workbook = Workbook.new("thing.xlsx")
first_worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet
This function close the workbook and generate a xlsx file. You MUST call this function at the end of you script for each Workbook created. If you don't, this WILL NOT generate the xlsx file.
OPTIMIZE In the future, not closing a Workbook will raise an error instead of silently not generate the file.


Lab151 is collaborative blog that is named in homage to an old lab room that a couple of us students spent many hours in. At the moment it is a placeholder for documenting any ideas or developments we may have been working on in our spare time. It is run by the following authors:
Please understand we (I especially) are novices to the realm of blogging so we would welcome any feedback or comments available.


First of all, thank you considering giving a tutorial in PyCon Taiwan 2017.
Generally speaking, Good tutorials possess most of the traits good talks have. The most discernible differences of a tutorial from a talk are the hands-on nature and the longer time length. By longer time length, generally more content is required and it should remain interesting and keep the attendees awake and hyped even after hours of lecture and exercises. By containing hands-on exercises, experience of teaching coding to people is necessary. You also need at least two teaching assistants for a general class size of 20 people, who you should be able to comfortably communicate with during the tutorial. Both differences requires many times of practice and experience.
Therefore, the tutorial speaker usually satisfies at least one of the following prerequisites:
- A previous tutorial speaker in any programming conferences or communities
- More than one time of speaking experience in open source communities, preferably the local Python communities
- TA in previous tutorials
We might ask you to give the tutorial to the community before the conference if you lack the experience.


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{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block title %} Create Hint {% endblock title %} {% block layout-content %}
Back to {{ problem.puid }}.
Hints should get solvers un-stuck. If someone isn't done after reading all the hints on ARCH, we've failed. So, try to be pretty generous, rather than subtle.
In particular, prefer explicit instructions over vague pointers. Taking entire paragraphs from the solution is not only OK, but much better than cryptic one-sentence puzzles. Examples:
Very bad: "what technique is useful for sum-sets?".
This is closer to an additional puzzle than a hint.
Bad: "use generating functions".
This at least mentions the correct technique, but says nothing about how to set it up or why it's relevant.
Better: "Construct a generating function $F(X)$ such that the coefficients of $F(X)^2$ match the left-hand sum".
This is an explicit instruction. The solver is unambiguously told what the exact next step should be.
All edits are tracked by timestamp and username, so if for some reason you need to rewind some edits, please contact a staff member for assistance.
{% endblock layout-content %} {% block css %} {% endblock css %} {% block scripts %} {% endblock scripts %}


XGETBV with ECX = 1
Indicates support for the XGETBV instruction with ECX = 1, which reads the XCR1 register.


|
Elevator by Jo og Siri
1
den beste heisen ever laget
|
This library contains the logic that controls the elevator movements. More...
#include "elev.h"
Go to the source code of this file.
Typedefs | |
| typedef enum states | states_t |
Enumerations | |
| enum | states { INIT = 0, IDLE, RUNNING, DOOR_OPEN } |
Functions | |
| int | controller_delete_order_at_floor (int floor) |
| Deletes all orders at a floor. More... | |
| int | controller_delete_all_orders () |
| Deletes all orders at all floors. More... | |
| int | controller_update_orders () |
| Checking buttons: COMMAND, UP and DOWN and updates the ordes array. More... | |
| int | controller_update_elev_postition (int *p_current_floor) |
| Chekcs if the elevator has reached a floor and updates the current floor acordingly. More... | |
| int | controller_order_at_floor (elev_motor_direction_t *p_priority_dir, elev_motor_direction_t elev_dir) |
| Checking if there are orders at current floor and if the eleveator should stop. It also checks if the elevator is about to move bellow the bootom floor or above the top floor. More... | |
| int | controller_order_at_current_floor (elev_motor_direction_t *p_elev_dir, int e_stopped, int current_floor, int *p_dir_switch) |
| Used to check if the order is at the current floor so the elev can open the doors. It is also used to check if the elevator is actually at the floor it thinks it is after an emergency stop and if the elevator switched direction to get back to the floor it thinks it is at. More... | |
| int | controller_orders_bellow (elev_motor_direction_t *p_priority_dir, int current_floor) |
| Checks if there are any orders of interest above current floor. More... | |
| int | controller_orders_above (elev_motor_direction_t *p_priority_dir, int current_floor) |
| Checks if there are any orders of interest above current floor. More... | |
| int | controller_e_stop (int *p_e_stopped, elev_motor_direction_t *p_elev_dir, elev_motor_direction_t *p_priority_dir, states_t *p_elev_state) |
| Checking emergency stop and if an emergency stop has occured it deside if it's going to open the door or just stand still. More... | |
| int | controller_update_lamps () |
| Controll the lamps of whitch floor the elevator is or last was located in, floorpanel and elevatorepanel, but not the emergency lamp. More... | |
This library contains the logic that controls the elevator movements.
Definition in file controller.h.
| enum states |
Contains the state the elevator possible can be located in
| Enumerator | |
|---|---|
| INIT | initialing elevator and state machine |
| IDLE | wating for orders |
| RUNNING | running the elevator |
| DOOR_OPEN | the door is open |
Definition at line 13 of file controller.h.
| int controller_delete_all_orders | ( | ) |
| int controller_delete_order_at_floor | ( | int | floor | ) |
Deletes all orders at a floor.
| [in] | floor | Where orderes wil be destructed. |
Definition at line 17 of file controller.c.
| int controller_e_stop | ( | int * | p_e_stopped, |
| elev_motor_direction_t * | p_elev_dir, | ||
| elev_motor_direction_t * | p_priority_dir, | ||
| states_t * | p_elev_state | ||
| ) |
Checking emergency stop and if an emergency stop has occured it deside if it's going to open the door or just stand still.
| [in,out] | e_stopped | Takes in a 0 or not 0 integer to tell if an emergiency stop has occured. |
| [in] | elev_dir | The elevation direction of movement. |
| [in,out] | priority_dir | Orders in this direction are prioritized. |
| [in,out] | elev_state | The state the elevator currently is given from the state machine. |
Definition at line 194 of file controller.c.
| int controller_order_at_current_floor | ( | elev_motor_direction_t * | p_elev_dir, |
| int | e_stopped, | ||
| int | current_floor, | ||
| int * | p_dir_switch | ||
| ) |
Used to check if the order is at the current floor so the elev can open the doors. It is also used to check if the elevator is actually at the floor it thinks it is after an emergency stop and if the elevator switched direction to get back to the floor it thinks it is at.
| [in,out] | p_elev_dir | The elevators direction of movement. |
| [in] | e_stopped | 0 or not 0 integer to tell if an emergency stop has occured. |
| [in] | current_floor | The floor which the elevator last moved by. |
| [in,out] | p_dir_switch | A variable to tell if the elevator has switched direction after an emergency stop occured. |
p_dir_switch
and therfore the next call will give a diffrent result. Definition at line 99 of file controller.c.
| int controller_order_at_floor | ( | elev_motor_direction_t * | p_priority_dir, |
| elev_motor_direction_t | elev_dir | ||
| ) |
Checking if there are orders at current floor and if the eleveator should stop. It also checks if the elevator is about to move bellow the bootom floor or above the top floor.
| [in] | p_priority_dir | Orders in this direction is prioritized. |
| [in] | elev_dir | The elevators direction of movement. |
Definition at line 66 of file controller.c.
| int controller_orders_above | ( | elev_motor_direction_t * | p_priority_dir, |
| int | current_floor | ||
| ) |
Checks if there are any orders of interest above current floor.
| [in,out] | p_priority_dir | Orders in this direction is prioritized. If this equals DIRN_STOP this function may change it. |
| [in] | current_floor | The floor which the elevator last moved by. |
Definition at line 163 of file controller.c.
| int controller_orders_bellow | ( | elev_motor_direction_t * | p_priority_dir, |
| int | current_floor | ||
| ) |
Checks if there are any orders of interest above current floor.
| [in,out] | p_priority_dir | Orders in this direction is prioritized. If this equals DIRN_STOP this function may change it. |
| [in] | current_floor | The floor which the elevator last moved by. |
Definition at line 132 of file controller.c.
| int controller_update_elev_postition | ( | int * | p_current_floor | ) |
Chekcs if the elevator has reached a floor and updates the current floor acordingly.
| p_current_floor | A variable that contains the floor number. |
Definition at line 54 of file controller.c.
| int controller_update_lamps | ( | ) |
Controll the lamps of whitch floor the elevator is or last was located in, floorpanel and elevatorepanel, but not the emergency lamp.
Definition at line 221 of file controller.c.
| int controller_update_orders | ( | ) |
Checking buttons: COMMAND, UP and DOWN and updates the ordes array.
Definition at line 31 of file controller.c.


HFOS
Who said the web is static?
Introducing HFOS, a revolutionary way to experience the Internet.
Install
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An all-new online operating system. Also fully free and open source for those who care.
2015 Hacker Foundation. HFOS is licensed under the MIT license.


{% extends "index.html" %}
{% block title %} Fake Artist || How to Play {% endblock %}
{% block content %}
How to Play Fake Artist
Welcome to Fake Artist! The rules are simple:
A category is chosen before the start of the game (e.g. Animals).
A word in that category is randomly chosen by the computer (we
could have a preset of words and categories, that part should be very
trivial)
This word is given to all players in the game EXCEPT for one. The
player that does not receive a word is designated the "Fake Artist"
Players take turns drawing one line each on a sheet of paper (or in
our case a javascript canvas). The players' goal is to draw an image
of the word they received. The fake artist does not know the word and
so must use other players' lines to try and guess what the image is.
After a set amount of cycles (let's say five), the game ends and
the players vote on who they think the fake artist is. If they guess
wrong, the Fake Artist wins, otherwise the Fake Artist loses.


About Us
The Townsville Barrier Reef Orchestra has been around since the year 2000. Since then, we have vastly grown in numbers and recognition. With numerous performances each year featuring guest conductors, the Orchestra aims to promote opportunity for young and aspiring musicians. Together with the local community, we hope to continue providing this unique experience for all music lovers. Click below to find out more...


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Example that demontrates that the ticket 23 is fixed (with variation given by position, not SetUp): Ticket 23 at GitHub