HTML Form Generation Methods (htmlform)
As of DMZ 1.7, this extension is not supported. It is almost as complicated as DMZ itself, and I no longer have the time to maintain it. It is fully functional, but use at your own risk.
You may be able to find support on the CodeIgniter forums, but I am not planning on updating this extension anymore. Feel free to modify this extension directly, and please change the templates to suit your needs.
To enable these methods, add 'htmlform' to DataMapper's config, under 'extensions'.
- You will also have to copy over the views/dmz_htmlform folder from the source to use the default templates. This is recommended as a starting point, even if you plan on customizing them.
- You will want to update your models to include the label, type, and, where applicable, values validation fields.
Uses properties from a DataMapper object to quickly generate forms. This method is highly customizable, both in a broad sense, and on a field-by-field basis. When combined with the Associative Array Conversion Methods, this extension can make creating simple content mangement tools very easy.
Why doesn't this extension use the CodeIgniter Form Helper?
The simple reason is that there is a lot of information available when the input methods are able to look at the DataMapper object directly. Using those methods would have required yet another libary be loaded, and wouldn't have provided much benefit.
Also, I don't think they really do that much, other than output some basic HTML. This extension provides the means to output an entire, ready-to-use HTML form with very little customization.
Load-Time Options
Set these when loading the extension, to change the default behavior.
| Name | Type | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| form_template | View | Override the default template for the overall form structure. | 'dmz_htmlform/form' |
| row_template | View | Override the default template for the row structure. | 'dmz_htmlform/row' |
| section_template | View | Override the default template for form sections. | 'dmz_htmlform/section' |
Getting Started
HTML Form was designed to be highly flexible, while still allowing the simplest cases to require very little coding.
HTML Form Uses the Validation Array
HTML Form can use information already stored in the validation array to significantly automate form generation. The following elements are used as described. Some of these elements are not defined for standard DataMapper usage. All can be overridden on a per-form and per-field basis.
| Name | Type | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| label | String | The label is used to provide a label for the field. | $field |
| type* | String | The type is used to determine what type of field is being edited. For example, 'text', 'password', or 'dropdown'. See below for the built-in types. |
'text' |
| values* | Array | Used to provide a set of possible keys and values for multiple-choice fields, such as dropdowns, radio buttons, and checkbox lists. | NULL |
| rules | Array | Some of the rules can affect the rendering of the input field. For example, 'required' will add a 'required' class to the row, while 'max_length' might be used to limit the size of a text field. |
Empty Array |
* Not a standard DataMapper validation field.
Example Application
A complete example can be found in the examples section.
For the most simple forms, all that is need is:
- Ensure that every field and related field has a label.
- Add type to all non-single line text fields. Relationship fields will automatically be generated as a dropdown or checkbox list.
- Create an array of field names to edit, in the order you want them to appear. Don't forget id if you are editing an item!
- Pass this array into $object->render_form, along with the submit url if it is not the current url.
- Echo the result of the method out.
That's all that is needed to render out a complete form with inputs for text, textareas, even single and multiple relationships! The form will also include a block of errors if any occurred while saving.
Note: If you are outputting related fields, you need to implement __toString on your related classes. The result of __toString is used to determine the name to show for dropdowns, checkboxes, and radio buttons.
Relationship fields can only be used with checkbox, radio, or dropdown input types.
Continue reading on for more details of how to enhance this output.
Methods
All of the power of this class can be accessed through these three methods.
render_form($fields, $url, $options, $template, $row_template)
- $fields: An array containing the instructions for the renderers. (Details below.)
- $url: (Optional) The url to submit the form to. Defaults to the current URL. The default template will automatically call $CI->config->site_url() on it.
- $options: (Optional) An associative array of options for the form renderer only.
- $template: (Optional) Override the default form template for just this form.
- $row_template: (Optional) Override the default row template for just this form.
- Returns: A string containing the form rendered out.
Takes a collection of fields, text, and custom inputs and converts them into a submittable form.
Fields Array
All of the work for the form is specified by the $fields array. Each item in the fields can be specified in one of several ways:
- As just the {field name}, using the defaults for everything.
- As the {field name} => {type}, to override the default type.
- As the {field name} => {options array}, to customize the field.
- As any {string of text}, to be output directly.
- As any {string of text} => 'section', to be rendered as a form section header.
- As any {non-field id} => {options array}, to render a custom, non-$object field html input.
- As just an array (no key) to render out multiple fields in one row (such as [First Name] [Last Name]). In this case, the special key row_options can be used to set the row label and id.
There is a lot of power in these options. Many examples are shown below.
Each of the {options array}s can accept any of these standard options:
| Name | Type | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| label | String | The label is used on the row template to provide a label for the field. | See Getting Started |
| type | String | Override the default type for the input field. | Varies |
| value | Mixed | Override the value for fields and related fields. Set the value for custom fields. | See Getting Started |
| default_value | Mixed | Set the initial value for custom fields. Ignored (and passed to the renderer) for object-based fields. | NULL |
| list | Array | A set of value/label pairs to be used for multiple-item input fields (dropdown, checkbox, radio). This can also be a DataMapper object. In this case, $all will be used to create the list. The list is automatically generated for related objects if you don't specify one. See below for details. |
Based on the related field, or validation['values'] |
| input_separator | String | Override the default separator used in checkboxes, radio sets, and multiple-inputs. | '
' on checkboxes ' ' on multiple-inputs |
| template | View | Override the default row (or section) template for just this row (or section). | 'dmz_htmlform/row' or 'dmz_htmlform/section' |
| row_options | Array | Options passed to the render_row method. This is only used if multiple fields are rendered in one row. | |
| Also acceptable: any options that the render_row method accepts. |
All other items in the {options array} are passed directly to the render_row method.
Default Form Template Options
Example Application
The login view contains an example of these options.
The default form template can take these options. If you customize the template, you can accept any options you want.
| Name | Type | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| save_button | String | The label to use on the save button. | Save |
| reset_button | Mixed | If TRUE, show a reset button labled 'Reset'; If not FALSE, use that as the label for a reset button. | FALSE |
render_row($field, $type, $options, $row_template)
- $field: The name of the field or relationship (or the id of a non-field) to render.
- $type: (Optional) The type of field to render (such as text or dropdown).
- $options: (Optional) An associative array of options for the renderer. Most will be passed directly to render_field.
- $row_template: (Optional) Override the default row template for just this row.
- Returns: A string containing the row rendered out.
Takes a field (or set of options) and converts it into an HTML form input widget, wrapped in a template containing the field label and more. This method isn't called directly very often; instead use render_form.
It is this method that determines whether to render rows with input fields, section headers, or output the content directly.
Default Row Template Options
The default row template can take these options. If you customize the template, you can accept any options you want. ($id is the id of the field.)
| Name | Type | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| label | String | The label to show for the input(s). | '' |
| row_id | String | The id of the row. | row_$id |
| label_for | String | The id of the field, so clicking the label focuses that field.. | $id |
| row_class | String | The base class for the row. The class will automatically include required and error as applicable, even if you provide one. | '' |
render_field($field, $type, $options)
- $field: The name of the field or relationship (or the id of a non-field) to render.
- $type: (Optional) The type of field to render (such as text or dropdown).
- $options: (Optional) An associative array of options for the renderer.
- Returns: The rendered html form input string.
Takes a field (or set of options) and converts it into an HTML form input widget. This function is the meat of the automation. The method outputs different information based on whether the field is a $has_one or $has_many relationship, a DataMapper field, or none of the above.
- If the field is a $has_one, the default output is a dropdown box listing every item of a given type in the database.
- For $has_many, the default output is a list of checkboxes if there are 6 or less items, or a multiple-selection dropdown box for more items.
- For fields, the default is a text, except for id which defaults to hidden.
- For all others, there is no default, you have to specify the type.
Common Input Field Options
These are common options for input fields. Anything not explicitly defined here is output directly to the html as $name="$value".
| Name | Type | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| value | Mixed | Override the initial value for fields and related fields. Set the initial value for custom fields. | See Getting Started |
| default_value | Mixed | Set the initial value for custom fields. Ignored (and passed to the renderer) for object-based fields. | NULL |
| list | Array | A set of value/label pairs to be used for multiple-item input fields (dropdown, checkbox, radio). This can also be a DataMapper object. In this case, $all will be used to create the list. The list is automatically generated for related objects if you don't specify one. See below for details. |
Based on the related field, or validation['values'] |
| id | String | HTML id attribute. | $field |
| class | String | The base HTML class attribute. | '' |
| size | Integer | The size of a text field or dropdown box. | 30 for text, or min(8, count($list)) |
| maxlength | Integer | The maximum accepted length of a text field. | validation['rules']['max_length'] |
Related Lists
If you specify a related field, and do not provide a list of items, this method will attempt to automatically generate a list of items. It does this by loading every item of the related class.
If you decide to use the built-in list generator, you probably want to implement default order by.
If you decide that you do not want every item listed, then there are two options:
- Override the 'list' parameter in the field's $options.
- Create a method called get_htmlform_list, with $object and $field arguments. This method does not return anything, but instead handles generating and running the get query.
Custom Method Example
class User extends DataMapper {
// ...
function get_htmlform_list($object, $field)
{
// Only return enabled users
$this->where('disabled', FALSE)->get();
}
}
Types
Different types of input help shape what the user is allowed to submit. You can use one of the built-in types, or create your own type renderers.
Built-In Types
All of the built-in functions will update based on the validation rules. They also will accept almost any key/value pair in the options array, and output them as HTML.
For the examples below:
- $id: The field name ('firstname')
$value: The current value of the field ('Bob')- $listkey#: The key from a list of possible values.
- $listvalue#: The value from a list of possible values.
Single-Value Types
These input types only accept a single value, and the user can enter input as text.
| Name | Description | Sample Output |
|---|---|---|
| hidden | A special input used for hidden fields. It is never rendered in a row, even within forms. | <input type="hidden" id="$id" name="$id" value=" |
| text | The default type. A single-line text box. max_length translates to |
<input type="text" id="$id" name="$id" value=" |
| password | A password field that works similar to text, except the value is never returned by default. Set send_value to TRUE to force the value to be sent back to the client. | <input type="password" id="$id" name="$id" /> |
| textarea | A larger, multi-line text input field. | <textarea id="$id" name="$id"> |
| checkbox | A single checkbox. If rendered in a row, the label is rendered on the label. Otherwise, it is rendered beside the checkbox. The value of the field is assumed to be TRUE or FALSE. | <input type="checkbox" id="$id" name="$id" value="$id" checked="{ |
| file | File upload field. The initial value parameter is ignored by this input. | <input type="file" id="$id" name="$id" /> |
Limited-Selection Single-Value Types
These input types only accept a single value. The options the user can select are limited by the values validation property, the list property, or auto-generated for related items.
You will need to implement the __toString PHP method on related models, to get a label for these.
| Name | Description | Sample Output |
|---|---|---|
| dropdown | A selection box that allows the user to select one of many options. | <select id="$id" name="$id" > <option value="$listkey1">$listvalue1</option> <option value="$listkey2" selected="selected">$listvalue2</option> </select> |
| radio | Renders a list of radio items a user can choose between. | <input type="radio" id="$id_$listkey1" name="$id" value="$listkey1" /> $listvalue1
 <input type="radio" id="$id_$listkey2" name="$id" value="$listkey2" checked="checked" /> $listvalue2 |
Limited-Selection Multiple-Value Types
These input types accept multiple values. The options the user can select are limited by the values validation property, the list property, or auto-generated for related items.
You will need to implement the __toString PHP method on related models, to get a label for these.
| Name | Description | Sample Output |
|---|---|---|
| dropdown | A selection box that allows the user to select one or more of many options. | <select id="$id" name="$id" > <option value="$listkey1" selected="selected">$listvalue1</option> <option value="$listkey2">$listvalue2</option> <option value="$listkey3" selected="selected">$listvalue3</option> </select> |
| checkbox | Renders a list of checkbox items a user can choose between. | <input type="checkbox" id="$id_$listkey1" name="$id" value="$listkey1" /> $listvalue1
 <input type="checkbox" id="$id_$listkey2" name="$id" value="$listkey2" checked="checked" /> $listvalue2 |
Custom Types
HTML Form includes several types (listed below). You can also add any type by simply creating a helper function to render it.
The helper function must be named input_{$type}, and must take these arguments:
- $object: The DataMapper object being rendered.
- $field: The field, related field, or id to be rendered.
- $value: The current value for the field. This is updated automatically based on what was submitted.
- $options: An associative array of options for the field.
Example
// Render a JavaScript Calendar function input_calendar($object, $field, $value, $options) { return "<input type=\"text\" id=\"$field\" name=\"$field\" value=\"$value\" onFocus=\"showCalendar(this);\" onBlur=\"hideCalendar(this);\" />"; }
Then simply set the type of any object to calendar to use this input type.
Custom Templates
It is easy to customize the templates in use. A template is simply a view, and all $options are passed into it directly as variables. There are three default templates:
- The form template is expected to wrap the $rows with a form element, as well as provide the submit button.
- The row template lays out the [
$label: $content] structure, where $content is one or more fields. It is called for every row. - The section template is used specifically for labeling form sections. It usually only uses the $content attribute.
You can easily override or specify different templates in several ways:
- You can override the default templates globally by specifying them in the options.
- You can override the default form and row template when calling render_form.
- You can override a row or section template within the $fields array for render_form.
- You can override the row template when calling it manually.
Code Examples
For all examples, assume $u is a User.
Basic Form
This outputs a complete, ready-to-use HTML form including grouping the fields, and errors messages.
echo $u->render_form(array( 'id', // Section header 'Contact Information' => 'section', 'name', 'email', 'phone', // Section header 'Login Information' => 'section', 'username', 'password', 'confirm_password', // Since user can only have one group, this will render out as a standard drop-down of all Groups. 'group' ), 'users/save' // form submit URL );
Overriding the Default Type
A simple change converts the name into a multi-line textarea.
echo $u->render_form(array( 'id', // Section header 'Contact Information' => 'section', 'name' => 'textarea', 'email', 'phone', // Section header 'Login Information' => 'section', 'username', 'password', 'confirm_password', 'group' ), 'users/save' // form submit URL );
Customizing the Output
Changing the label, field-level styling, changing options on a dropdown, and custom button labels are shown below.
$g = new Group(); // Don't include groups that only admins can see $g->where('admin_only', FALSE)->get(); echo $u->render_form(array( 'id', // Section header 'Contact Information' => 'section', // Override label and size, add custom styling 'name' => array( 'label' => 'Your Name', 'size' => '40', 'style' => 'color: Green; font-weight: bold;' ), 'email', 'phone', // Section header 'Login Information' => 'section', 'username', 'password', 'confirm_password', // We want to limit the groups visible 'group' => array( 'list' => $g ) ), 'users/save', // form submit URL // Customize the form array('save_button' => 'Save this form NOW', 'reset_button' => 'Clear') );
Multi-Field Row
Use this format to place more than one field on a line.
echo $u->render_form(array( 'id', // output: // Name: [firstname] [middlename] [lastname] array( 'row_options' => array( 'label' => 'Name' // the row's Label ), 'firstname', 'middlename', 'lastname' ), 'email', // ...


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Disease Outbreak Reported
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Graduate students
Graduate students from the Genome Sciences or MCB programs of the University of Washington can join the group. Students from other departments are welcome as well, although co-mentorship with a department faculty member may be required. Rotation students are welcome.
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This map shows reported COVID-19 cases per capita as a Local Authority hex cartogram - this gives each Local Authority the same visual weight on the map at the expense of geography.
Note: Data are provided by "Upper Tier Local Authorities" in England & Northern Ireland, and by Health Board in Wales & Scotland. This map shows Local Authorities. In cases where the raw data are provided for a combination of Local Authorities (i.e. for Health Boards or some Upper Tier Local Authorities), each Local Authority in that group is given the same per-capita value (UK geography is hard). When you click on one of these Local Authorities you will be shown the total for the UTLA/Health Board along with which Local Authorities are in it.


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{% comment %} Software developed by Pieter W.G. Bots for the PrESTO project Code repository: https://github.com/pwgbots/presto Project wiki: http://presto.tudelft.nl/wiki Copyright (c) 2022 Delft University of Technology Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. {% endcomment %} {% block standard_page %} {% load static %} {% load presto_filters %} {% block upper_part %}
{% block metatags %} {% endblock metatags %}You are logged on as {{ user_name }} {% if alias %} ({{ alias }}){% endif %}
{% else %}You are not logged on
{% endif %}


Goodbye, Steve
I didn’t become an Apple user until a few years ago. I came to the platform out of curiosity. I bought myself a Macbook to start teaching myself how to code iOS apps. I quickly found myself amazed at the ingenuity and simplicity of the entire platform. It was the way everything tied together, and always seemed to work in the way you expected. The more I lived in the Apple world, the more impressed I became. In 3 years, I have gone from using Apple’s products as a hobby to a full time developer on their platform. For the first time in my life, I have questioned that someone actually pays me to work on this stuff. I guess if you ask yourself that question, you are doing the right thing with your life.
I was surprised and saddened to hear of Steve Jobs’ passing tonight. He truly made a difference in our world with sheer will and by questioning everything. His stamp is all over these products we all use every day for entertainment and for work. His drive and determination produced these incredible products and services which set the standard for excellence in technology.
A quote out of the recent statement by President Obama on Steve Jobs’ passing struck me as particularly apt.
The world has lost a visionary. And there may be no greater tribute to Steve’s success than the fact that much of the world learned of his passing on a device he invented.
I was glad to hear he passed peacefully and with his family.
Rest in peace, Steve. Our world is a little less without you in it.


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Plan my ride
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What is 7 + 8?:


| PostgreSQL 9.0.10 Documentation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prev | Up | Appendix E. Release Notes | Next |
Release date: 2004-03-08
This release contains a variety of fixes from 7.4.1. For information about new features in the 7.4 major release, see Section E.154.
A dump/restore is not required for those running 7.4.X. However, it might be advisable as the easiest method of incorporating fixes for two errors that have been found in the initial contents of 7.4.X system catalogs. A dump/initdb/reload sequence using 7.4.2's initdb will automatically correct these problems.
The more severe of the two errors is that data type anyarray has the wrong alignment label; this is a problem because the pg_statistic system catalog uses anyarray columns. The mislabeling can cause planner misestimations and even crashes when planning queries that involve WHERE clauses on double-aligned columns (such as float8 and timestamp). It is strongly recommended that all installations repair this error, either by initdb or by following the manual repair procedure given below.
The lesser error is that the system view pg_settings ought to be marked as having public update access, to allow UPDATE pg_settings to be used as a substitute for SET. This can also be fixed either by initdb or manually, but it is not necessary to fix unless you want to use UPDATE pg_settings.
If you wish not to do an initdb, the following procedure will work for fixing pg_statistic. As the database superuser, do:
-- clear out old data in pg_statistic: DELETE FROM pg_statistic; VACUUM pg_statistic; -- this should update 1 row: UPDATE pg_type SET typalign = 'd' WHERE oid = 2277; -- this should update 6 rows: UPDATE pg_attribute SET attalign = 'd' WHERE atttypid = 2277; -- -- At this point you MUST start a fresh backend to avoid a crash! -- -- repopulate pg_statistic: ANALYZE;
This can be done in a live database, but beware that all backends running in the altered database must be restarted before it is safe to repopulate pg_statistic.
To repair the pg_settings error, simply do:
GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON pg_settings TO PUBLIC;
The above procedures must be carried out in each database of an installation, including template1, and ideally including template0 as well. If you do not fix the template databases then any subsequently created databases will contain the same errors. template1 can be fixed in the same way as any other database, but fixing template0 requires additional steps. First, from any database issue:
UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = true WHERE datname = 'template0';
Next connect to template0 and perform the above repair procedures. Finally, do:
-- re-freeze template0: VACUUM FREEZE; -- and protect it against future alterations: UPDATE pg_database SET datallowconn = false WHERE datname = 'template0';
Release 7.4.2 incorporates all the fixes included in release 7.3.6, plus the following fixes:
Fix pg_statistics alignment bug that could crash optimizer
See above for details about this problem.
Allow non-super users to update pg_settings
Fix several optimizer bugs, most of which led to "variable not found in subplan target lists" errors
Avoid out-of-memory failure during startup of large multiple index scan
Fix multibyte problem that could lead to "out of memory" error during COPY IN
Fix problems with SELECT INTO / CREATE TABLE AS from tables without OIDs
Fix problems with alter_table regression test during parallel testing
Fix problems with hitting open file limit, especially on OS X (Tom)
Partial fix for Turkish-locale issues
initdb will succeed now in Turkish locale, but there are still some inconveniences associated with the i/I problem.
Make pg_dump set client encoding on restore
Other minor pg_dump fixes
Allow ecpg to again use C keywords as column names (Michael)
Added ecpg WHENEVER NOT_FOUND to SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE (Michael)
Fix ecpg crash for queries calling set-returning functions (Michael)
Various other ecpg fixes (Michael)
Fixes for Borland compiler
Thread build improvements (Bruce)
Various other build fixes
Various JDBC fixes


WKTGeometry Class Reference
| Inherits from | NSObject |
|---|---|
| Declared in | WKTGeometry.h |
Overview
This class represent Meta Class WKTGeometry on WKT Format.
It has not String representation.
Parent class of: WKTPoint, WKTPointM, WKTPolygon, WKTPolygonM, WKTLine, WKTLineM, WKTGeometryCollection
Properties
dimensions
Dimensions property
@property (nonatomic, readwrite) int dimensions
Discussion
Range is 2 - 3
Declared In
WKTGeometry.h
type
Type property
@property (nonatomic, readwrite, strong) NSString *type
Discussion
Range is Line, MultiLine, Point, MultiPoint, Polygon, MultiPolygon and GeometryCollection
Declared In
WKTGeometry.h
gis
GIS property
@property (nonatomic, readwrite, strong) NSString *gis
Discussion
Range is WGS or EPSG or other Georeference system
Declared In
WKTGeometry.h
Constructor
– init
Basic Constructor that set default values to new instance.
- (instancetype)init
Return Value
WKTGeometry instance
Declared In
WKTGeometry.h


Header
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This is a link to Amazon!
Hello there, awesome person!


Courtney McQuade
About Me
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Favorite Music
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These are some recent albums I love!
Fine Line
Harry Styles
Folklore
Taylor Swift
Malibu Nights
LANY
Wasteland, Baby!
Hozier
Stranger in the Alps
Phoebe Bridgers
Apart
LEON
You and Your Friends
Peach Pit
Pony
Rex Orange County


Template for Turtle box and plain text
Content
Turtle Boxforward(50); turnRight(90); forward(50); turnRight(90); console.log("First try at drawing a square");Just Text
function sq(x) { return x * x; } console.log(sq(9));
Content
Turtle Boxforward(50); turnRight(90); forward(50); turnRight(90); console.log("First try at drawing a square");Just Text
function sq(x) { return x * x; } console.log(sq(9));


Documentation of the supplied Libraries¶
StreamingBandit is build on a philosophy of streaming (or online, or row-by-row) updating of parameters of a policy. The libs libraries provide some functionality for estimating and fitting statistical models online. These libraries are available directly in the getaction and setreward code.
The following code provides an example of the use of one of the libs in the getaction code of an experiment:
1 2 3 4 5 | mean_list = base.List(
self.get_theta(key="treatment"),
base.Mean, ["control", "treatment"]
)
self.action["treatment"] = meanList.max()
|
which would retrieve a list of sample means by name (treatment and control), and subsequently select the name with the highest mean.
Note that each of the libs provides update methods to update the object when new data is observed. For example, the code:
1 2 3 4 5 | mean = base.Mean(
self.get_theta(
key="treatment", value=self.action["treatment"])
)
mean.update(self.reward["value"])
|
can be used in the setreward code to retrieve the mean specified in the treatment variable, and subsequently update it using the value.
Below we detail the current libs and each of their methods.
Base classes¶
The base classes provide the functionality to create, store, and update (lists of) counts, means, variances, proportions, and co-variances in data streams.
-
class
libs.base.
Correlation
(default)¶ Class to represent a correlation using an online estimator.
- Variables
default (dict) – A dictionary that consists of a counter n, mean for x x_bar, mean for y y_bar, standard deviation for x x_s, standard deviation for y y_s, variance for x x_v, variance for y y_v, covariance cov and correlation c. Leave empty to start a new correlation.
-
__add__
(other)¶ Override the arithmetic + function.
-
__init__
(default)¶ Construct a new strmBase object.
-
__mul__
(other)¶ Override the arithmetic * function.
-
__sub__
(other)¶ Override the arithmetic - function.
-
__truediv__
(other)¶ Override the arithmetic / function.
-
update
(value)¶ Adds value to correlation.
- Parameters
value (dict) – A dict of ints of x and y.
-
class
libs.base.
Count
(default)¶ Class to represent a counter using an online estimator.
- Variables
default (dict) – A dictionary that consists of the counter n. Leave empty to start a new counter.
-
__init__
(default)¶ Construct a new strmBase object.
-
increment
()¶ Update the counter with value 1.
-
update
(value=1)¶ Adds value to the counter.
-
class
libs.base.
Covariance
(default)¶ Class to represent a covariance using an online estimator.
- Variables
default (dict) – A dictionary that consists of a counter n, mean for x x_bar, mean for y y_bar and covariance cov. Leave empty to start a new covariance.
-
__add__
(other)¶ Override the arithmetic + function.
-
__init__
(default)¶ Construct a new strmBase object.
-
__mul__
(other)¶ Override the arithmetic * function.
-
__sub__
(other)¶ Override the arithmetic - function.
-
__truediv__
(other)¶ Override the arithmetic / function.
-
update
(value)¶ Adds value to covariance.
- Parameters
value (dict) – A dict of ints of x and y.
-
class
libs.base.
List
(objects, _t, value_names)¶ Class to represent a list of Base classes. Here you can store multiple Base classes to simplify your AB test and whatnot.
- Variables
objects (dict) – A dict of dicts with the objects in dictionary form - so not a class instance!
_t (type) – The type of Base class (e.g. Proportion, Count).
value_names (list) – The value names to be grabbed from the objects dict. This is used for e.g. random picks.
-
__init__
(objects, _t, value_names)¶ Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
-
__weakref__
¶ list of weak references to the object (if defined)
-
count
()¶ Checks if the Base class has a counter. If that’s the case, it will add all the counters and return the total count.
-
get_dict
()¶ Returns each Base class in the objects as a dict in a dict.
-
get_value
()¶ Returns the main value of each Base class in the objects in a dict.
-
max
()¶ Finds the maximum main value from all Base classes. If no max is available yet (because all main values are 0), it will return a random max.
-
min
()¶ Finds the minimum main value from all Base classes. If there are multiple minima available (for example because all main values are 0) it will return a random min
-
random
()¶ Return a random choice from the value_names list.
-
class
libs.base.
Mean
(default)¶ Class to represent a mean using an online estimator.
- Variables
default (dict) – A dictionary that consists of a counter n and mean m. Leave empty to start a new mean.
-
__init__
(default)¶ Construct a new strmBase object.
-
get_count
()¶ Returns the counter of the mean object.
-
update
(value)¶ Adds value to the mean.
- Parameters
value (int) – The value of x to update the mean.
-
class
libs.base.
Proportion
(default)¶ Class to represent a proportion using an online estimator.
- Variables
default (dict) – A dictionary that consists of a counter n, and proportion p. Leave empty to start a new proportion.
-
__add__
(other)¶ Override the arithmetic + function.
-
__init__
(default)¶ Construct a new strmBase object.
-
__mul__
(other)¶ Override the arithmetic * function.
-
__sub__
(other)¶ Override the arithmetic - function.
-
__truediv__
(other)¶ Override the arithmetic / function.
-
update
(value)¶ Adds value to the proportion.
- Parameters
value (int) – A value 0 or 1.
-
class
libs.base.
Variance
(default)¶ Class to represent a variance using an online estimator.
- Variables
default (dict) – A dictionary that consists of a counter n, mean x_bar, standard deviation s and variance v. Leave empty to start a new variance.
-
__add__
(other)¶ Override the arithmetic + function.
-
__init__
(default)¶ Construct a new strmBase object.
-
__mul__
(other)¶ Override the arithmetic * function.
-
__sub__
(other)¶ Override the arithmetic - function.
-
__truediv__
(other)¶ Override the arithmetic / function.
-
update
(value)¶ Adds value to the variance.
- Parameters
value (int) – The value used for updating.
Linear Regression¶
The linear regression library allows online fitting of a linear regression model using OLS.
-
class
libs.lm.
LM
(default, p=None, add_intercept=False)¶ Class to interpet a linear model.
- Variables
default (dict) – The value of the model, consisting of a 1*p list of b, p*p list of lists A and counter n.
p (int) – Number of estimators.
add_intercept (bool) – If True, the update function expects that there it has to add the intercept to the X vector itself.
-
__init__
(default, p=None, add_intercept=False)¶ Class to fit a linear model with a sequential solution for linear regression.
-
__weakref__
¶ list of weak references to the object (if defined)
-
get_coefs
()¶ Returns the coefficients beta as a numpy array.
-
get_dict
()¶ Return all the variables that are needed to do an online estimation in a dictionary.
-
predict
(x)¶ Predict the output/observation value based on values for the regressors.
- Parameters
x (list) – A list of ints of the regressors.
y (numpy) – A numpy array of the predicted observation.
-
update
(y, x, discount=1)¶ Update the linear model.
- Parameters
y (int) – The observation value.
x (list) – A list of ints of the regressors.
Thompson sampling¶
This library implements Thompson sampling for the k-armed Bernoulli bandit as well as Thompson sampling for optimal design of experiments (Thompson sampling based on the posterior variance of the observed outcome). See also this paper.
-
class
libs.thompson.
BBThompsonList
(objects, value_names)¶ Class to draw decisions using a Bernoulli Bandit Thompson sampler.
- Variables
objects (dict) – A dict of dict of thetas (which should be proportions, see documentation of Proportions on how it should look like.)
value_names (list) – A list with the possible value names for the actions
-
__init__
(objects, value_names)¶ Create an instance of a BB Thompson Sampler.
-
propensity
(value, n=1000)¶ Calculate propensity of given arm using n draws.
- Returns int propensity
The propensity of the arm.
-
thompson
()¶ Draw decision using the Bernoulli Bandit Thompson sampler.
- Returns string choice
The choice of action that’s made.
-
class
libs.thompson.
ThompsonVarList
(objects, value_names)¶ Class to allocate observations in 2 group a within subjects desing such as to maximize the precision of the estimated effect size (assuming unequal variance of the two groups)
-
__init__
(objects, value_names)¶ Create instance of a Thompson Variance Sampler by creating a variance list
-
experimentThompson
()¶ Obtain draw and allocate to minimize estimation precision
-
Bootstrapped Thompson Sampling¶
This library provides the functionality to perform on online bootstrap of any streaming estimate obtained by the libs and subsequently implements Bootstrap Thompson Sampling (BTS, see this paper for details).
-
class
libs.bts.
BTS
(params, update_method=None, m=100, default_params=None, param_noise=True, noisesd=0.1)¶ Class to implement BTS.
- Variables
params (dict) – If initialized, a dict of dicts, containing m samples of parameters for the update_method/model that is being used. If not initialized this will be made into a dict of dicts using the given params or default_params.
update_method (Class) – A class reference containing the update method. This will be checked and if it is a class, it will be used to update the parameters.
m (int) – The number of bootstraps that BTS uses.
default_params (dict) – A dictionary containing the default parameters. If the params variable is empty/not long enough, this will be used.
param_noise (bool) – If True, BTS will add parameter noise to all the lists in the default_params dictionary when initializing the bootstraps.
noisesd (double) – If param_noise is used, this is the standard deviation used for adding noise using a Normal distribution.
-
__init__
(params, update_method=None, m=100, default_params=None, param_noise=True, noisesd=0.1)¶ Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
-
__weakref__
¶ list of weak references to the object (if defined)
-
get_dict
()¶ Return all the variables and bootstraps that are needed to do an online estimation in a dictionary. Or to save the data into a database.
-
sample
()¶ Return a sample of the m bootstraps.
-
update
(y, x, *args, **kwargs)¶ Update the bootstraps using a double or nothing update policy.
- Parameters
y – This may contain any type of class as long as the update_method provided is able to parse this type.
x – This may contain any type of class as long as the update_method provided is able to parse this type.
Lock-in Feedback¶
This library provides a (1D) implementation of Lock-in Feedback. See this paper for details.
-
class
libs.lif.
LiF
(theta, x0=1.0, a=1.4, t=100, gamma=0.004, omega=0.8, lifversion=2)¶ Class implementing the Lock in Feedback algorithm. Implementation of Lock in Feedback, following the definition by Maurits Kaptein and Davide Iannuzzi in https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.00598.
- Variables
theta (dict) – Theta, consisting of Yw, t, and x0.
x0 (float) – Start value of X.
A (float) – Amplitude.
T (int) – Integration time.
gamma (float) – Learnrate.
omega (float) – Omega.
lifversion (int) – Either version 1 or 2.
-
__init__
(theta, x0=1.0, a=1.4, t=100, gamma=0.004, omega=0.8, lifversion=2)¶ Class implementing the Lock in Feedback algorithm.
-
__weakref__
¶ list of weak references to the object (if defined)
-
get_dict
()¶ Return dict theta.
- Returns
Theta, consisting of Yw, t, and x0.
-
suggest
()¶ Returns dict containing controlled variable x oscillating with time t, the value of t itself and the current x0.
- Returns
Suggestion {x,t,x0}
-
update
(t, x, y, x0)¶ Update LiF with outcome y at time t and at value x integrating yω over a time T = 2πN.
- Parameters
t (int) – time t.
x (float) – controlled variable x.
y (float) – outcome variable y.
- Returns
True
Thompson Bayesian Linear Regression¶
This library implements (online) Bayesian linear regression and Thompson sampling based on the posterior Beta’s.
-
class
libs.thompson_bayesian_linear.
ThompsonBayesianLinear
(default)¶ Class for Thompson sampling for Bayesian Linear Regression
- Variables
default (dict) – The value of the model, consisting of a 1*p list of J, p*p list of P and an error rate.
-
__init__
(default)¶ Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
-
__weakref__
¶ list of weak references to the object (if defined)
-
get_dict
()¶ Return all the variables that are needed to do an online estimation in a dictionary. Or to save the parameters in a database.
-
sample
()¶ Return a sample of coefficients Betas using Thompson sampling.
-
update
(y, x, discount=1)¶ Update the Bayesian linear model.
- Parameters
y (int) – The observation value.
x (list) – A list of ints of the regressors.
discount (int) – A discount. Default is 1, which means no discount is used.


Control Tags Contents
Control Tags......................................................................................................................................................... 1
Control Tags........................................................................................................................................................... 1
SetBackgroundColor.............................................................................................................................................. 2
FrameLabel............................................................................................................................................................. 2
Protect.................................................................................................................................................................... 2
End......................................................................................................................................................................... 2
ExportAssets......................................................................................................................................................... 2
ImportAssets......................................................................................................................................................... 3
EnableDebugger...................................................................................................................................................... 3
DefineBitsPtr......................................................................................................................................................... 4
There are three categories of ControlTags:
1.
Display List
2.
Action
3.
Control
Display List and Action tags are covered in other sections (see The Display List and Actions).
Control tags manage some overall aspects of files and frames.
SetBackgroundColor — Sets the background color displayed in the frame.
FrameLabel — Labels a frame for your easy reference.
Protect — Marks the file so that it cannot be opened in the authoring system.
StartSound — Starts and stops a sound.
End — Marks the
end of the SWF file.
ExportAssets —
Exports assets from the SWF file.
ImportAssets —
Imports assets into this SWF file.
EnableDebugger —
Enables the debugger
for this movie
DefineBitsPtr —
Used only in the editor; creates a bitmap that references another
bitmap that has already been allocated.
The SetBackgroundColor tag sets the background color of the display. (Macromedia Flash (SWF) 1)
(See class FCTSetBackgroundColor in the Macromedia Flash File Format (SWF) SDK)
|
SetBackgroundColor |
||
|
Field |
Type |
Comment |
|
Header |
RECORDHEADER |
Tag ID = 9 |
|
BackgroundColor |
Color of the movie
background |
The FrameLabel tag gives the specified Name to the current frame. This name is used by ActionGotoLabel to identify the frame.
(See class FCTFrameLabel in the Macromedia Flash File Format (SWF) SDK)
|
FrameLabel |
||
|
Field |
Type |
Comment |
|
Header |
RECORDHEADER |
Tag ID = 43 |
|
Name |
Null-terminated STRING. (0 is NULL) |
Label for frame. |
The Protect tag marks a file as not importable for editing in the authoring tool. If the Protect tag contains no data (tag length = 0), the .SWF file cannot be imported. If this tag is present in the file, the authoring tool should prevent loading of the file for editing. (Macromedia Flash File Format (SWF) 2)
If the Protect tag does contain data (tag length is not 0), the Macromedia Flash .SWF file can be imported if the correct password is specified. The data in the tag is a null-terminated string which specifies a MD5 encrypted password. Specifying a password is only supported by the Macromedia Flash 5 .SWF file format.
The MD5 password encryption algorithm used was written by Poul-Henning Kamp and is freely distributable. It resides in the FreeBSD tree at src/lib/libcrypt/crypt-md5.c. The MD5 password
encryption algorithm is also used by the EnableDebugger tag.
(See class FCTProtect in the Macromedia Flash File Format (SWF) SDK)
|
Protect |
||
|
Field |
Type |
Comment |
|
Header |
RECORDHEADER |
Tag ID = 24 |
The End tag marks the end of a file. This should always be the last tag in a file. (Macromedia Flash (SWF) 1)
|
End |
||
|
Field |
Type |
Comment |
|
Header |
RECORDHEADER |
Tag ID = 0 |
The ExportAssets tag exports assets from the Macromedia Flash (SWF) file so that other Macromedia Flash (SWF) can ImportAssets as linked assets. (Macromedia Flash (SWF) 5)
ExportAssets makes repetitive portions of a Macromedia Flash movie or a series of Macromedia Flash movies available for import. For example, ten Macromedia Flash movies that are all part of the same website can share an embedded custom font if one movie embeds the font and sets the font to "export". Exporting gives the font a special identifier string. As well as sharing embedded fonts, a Macromedia Flash (SWF) can share other symbol types (linked assets) like movie clips, buttons and sounds.
Also see ImportAssets.
|
ExportAssets |
||
|
Field |
Type |
Comment |
|
Header |
RECORDHEADER |
Tag ID = 56 |
|
count |
U16 |
number of assets to export |
|
tag1 |
U16 |
tag of character to export 1 |
|
asset1 |
Null-terminated STRING. (0 is NULL) |
identifier string of asset 1 |
|
... |
|
|
|
tagN |
U16 |
character tag to assign asset N |
|
assetN |
Null-terminated STRING. (0 is NULL) |
identifier string of asset N |
The ImportAssets tag imports assets from another Macromedia Flash (SWF) file as a linked asset. (Macromedia Flash (SWF) 5)
"Client" Macromedia Flash (SWF)s can import assets like fonts that are stored in "server" Macromedia Flash (SWF)s (that are ideally cached on an end user's local system). The importing Macromedia Flash (SWF) references the exporting Macromedia Flash (SWF) with a URL. The URL needs to include the asset identifier string. Imported assets are resolved and stored in a ScriptThread’s SCharacter dictionary.
Note that the URL can be absolute or relative. If it's relative, it's resolved relative to the location of the importing Macromedia Flash .SWF.
|
ImportAssets |
||
|
Field |
Type |
Comment |
|
Header |
RECORDHEADER |
Tag ID = 57 |
|
URL |
Null-terminated STRING. (0 is NULL) |
URL points to the asset in the “server” SWF and includes
the asset identifier string |
|
count |
U16 |
number of assets to import from URL |
|
tag1 |
U16 |
character tag to assign asset 1 |
|
asset1 |
Null-terminated STRING. (0 is NULL) |
identifier string of asset 1 |
|
... |
|
|
|
tagN |
U16 |
character tag to assign asset N |
|
assetN |
Null-terminated STRING. (0 is NULL) |
identifier string of asset N |
The EnableDebugger tag enables debugging. Note that the password in the EnableDebugger tag is encrypted using the MD5 algorithm, in the same way as the Protect tag. (Macromedia Flash (SWF) 5)
|
EnableDebugger |
||
|
Field |
Type |
Comment |
|
Header |
RECORDHEADER |
Tag ID = 58 |
|
Password |
Null-terminated STRING. (0 is NULL) |
Password authenticates the
Splayer’s ScriptPlayer |
The DefineBitsPtr tag creates a bitmap that references another bitmap that has already been allocated. This special tag is for performance optimization in the editor only. (Macromedia Flash (SWF) 5)
|
DefineBitsPtr |
||
|
Field |
Type |
Comment |
|
Header |
RECORDHEADER |
Tag ID = 1023 |
|
Bitmap Bits |
U32 |
Reference to another bitmap that has already been
allocated |


Example:
Everybody be cool, (?:this) is a robbery!
After the quick-fix is applied:
Everybody be cool, this is a robbery!
New in 2021.1


This Day in History: Nov. 13
by Fox NewsOn this day, Nov. 13 …
1982: The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is dedicated on the National Mall in Washington, D.C.
Also on this day:
- 1775: During the American Revolution, the Continental Army captures Montreal.
- 1789: Benjamin Franklin writes in a letter to a friend, Jean-Baptiste Leroy: “In this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes.”
- 1909: A fire erupts inside a coal mine in Cherry, Ill., killing 259 men and boys.
- 1942: President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs a measure lowering the minimum draft age from 21 to 18.
- 1956: The Supreme Court strikes down laws calling for racial segregation on public buses.
- 1969: Speaking in Des Moines, Iowa, Vice President Spiro Agnew accuses network television news departments of bias and distortion, and urges viewers to lodge complaints. (The following September he would refer to the media as “nattering nabobs of negativism.”)
- 1985: Approximately 23,000 residents of Armero, Colombia, die when a volcanic mudslide buries the city.
- 1994: Sweden votes in a nonbinding referendum to join the European Union.
- 2001: President George W. Bush approves the use of a special military tribunal that could put accused terrorists on trial faster and in greater secrecy than an ordinary criminal court.
- 2001: President Bush and Russian President Vladimir Putin meet at the White House, where they pledge to slash Cold War-era nuclear arsenals by two-thirds.
- 2013: The Obama administration reveals that just 26,794 people enrolled for health insurance during the first, flawed month of operations for the federal ObamaCare website. (More than 79,000 others had signed up in the 14 states with their own websites.)
- 2015: Islamic State militants carry out a set of coordinated attacks in Paris on the national stadium, restaurants and streets, and a crowded concert hall, killing 130 people in the worst attack on French soil since World War II.
- 2017: A second woman accuses Alabama Republican Senate candidate Roy Moore of sexually assaulting her as a teenager in the late 1970s; Moore calls the charge “absolutely false” and a “political maneuver.” Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell calls on Moore to drop out of the race. (Moore would lose a special election to Democrat Doug Jones.)


Team Member Biographies
Catherine Kosek
Developer
Originally from Fort Worth, Texas, Catherine is a senior at the University of Alabama majoring in computer science with a minor in mathematics. After her undergraduate graduation in December 2020, she will be pursuing her MBA from Alabama's Manderson Graduate School of Business.
David is graduating this year with a Bachelor's in Computer Science and next year will be pursuing a Master's in Computer Science. He currently does web development for ServiceiBot. Some of his hobbies include playing guitar and writing short stories.
Rob is graduating this fall from the University of Alabama with a bachelor's degree in computer science.
Caleb is currently studying computer science as an undergrad at the University of Alabama. He plans to pursue a career in software development upon graduation, December of 2020.
Ryan Earley
Endocrinology Consultant
Ryan is an Associate Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences. His research program addresses questions related to how hormones mediate behavior and reproduction, and he teaches a course in Endocrinology for upper-level Bio majors (and minors in Neuroscience, Evolutionary Studies).


Run complete pipelines, by wrapping several steps into one convenient function.
NOTE: please use flowr version <IP_ADDRESS>10 or higher.
In summary, this function performs the following steps:
the argument x
defines the name of the pipeline.
Say, for example sleep_pipe
.
fetch_pipes: finds the pipeline definition
(sleep_pipe.R
, sleep_pipe.def
and
sleep_pipe.conf
files)
sleep_pipe(...)
: Create all the required commands
(flowmat
)
to_flow: Use flowmat
and
sleep_pipe.def
to create a flow object.
submit_flow: Submit the flow to the cluster.
run_pipe_v2( pipe_func, pipe_src, flow_def, flow_conf, flowname, platform, flow_run_path = opts_flow$get("flow_run_path"), rerun_wd, start_from, execute = FALSE, ... )
| pipe_func | name of the pipeline function in `pipe_src` |
|---|---|
| pipe_src | path to pipeline script |
| flow_def | flow definition file |
| flow_conf | flow conf file with various parameters used by the flow |
| flowname | name for the flow for submission. |
| platform | what platform to use, overrides flowdef |
| flow_run_path | passed onto to_flow. Default it picked up from flowr.conf. Typically this is ~/flowr/runs |
| rerun_wd | if you need to re-run, supply the previous working dir |
| start_from | the step to start a rerun from. Intuitively, this is ignored in a fresh run and only used in re-running a pipeline. |
| execute | TRUE/FALSE |
| ... | passed onto the pipeline function as specified in x |


We’re regularly referred to as a ‘hidden gem’ tucked away just in Melrose. We are an independent company built by friends who have a passion for beekeeping traditions. All of our honey is sourced in a sustainable and responsible way from our own apiaries in the beautiful Scottish Borders. We specialise in high-quality raw honey that is hand-packed with recycled materials. Our dedication to our bees is something deeply rooted in our company ethos.
We bought Queen Bee in the Summer of 2002 and fell in love with the name, the premises and its location in the picturesque Melrose city center. We are a group of friends passionate about delicious food, healthy bees, amazing honey and good vibes. We are always around Queen Bee, whether it is cooking, teaching about beekpeeing or just walking around. Please don't be shy and come and have a chat with us!
We are committed to our social responsibility and are working with local bee farmers to grow the bee farming industry in Scotland. With an urgent need for more bee farmers to meet the demand for Scottish honey, we are keen to support and develop new talent within the industry. Queen Bee utilise the best hives for the welfare of all our bees. Our hives are specially designed to nurture the bee population and specifically for keeping them safe during the cold Scottish winter months.


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TaskHero
The greatest
Task Hero
On the planet!
Meet Jack the Ass. He’s on a mission to provide
quick, easy, secure and affordable task completion
Get things done faster for your
Moving
Project!
Moving
Furniture Assembly
House Cleaning
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Hello! My name is Austin Schlander and I am a 24 year old web developer. I grew up in Hastings, Minnesota south of the Twin Cities.  My Dad has worked in the IT industry for almost his whole life and I think it's because of him that I found it really enjoyable as well. I'm a Front-End Developer transitioning to Full-Stack Development. I love creating beautiful websites with UI effects, and animations. I strive to give the user a very enjoyable experience!


I am a high school student who has narcolepsy, a sleep disorder where you fall asleep radomly, with the feeling of sleepiness comparable to a normal person's fatigue after going about 3 days without sleep.
I was having so much trouble staying awake in school that my sleep doctor recommended first I take Ritalin and then after that wasn't sucessful, partly because of the side effects (it made me EXTREMELY anxious and somewhat homicidal) I began taking Adderol (dextroamphetamines) (don't even get me started on that stuff the side effects where too many for it to be any real use) I was moved on to provigil because of it's strength and lack of side effects.
Unlike another reveiwer's expeirence with this drug, 200 mg did not do much to keep me awake and alert, often i felt only slightly more awake after taking the pill and usaully very jittery and sick. within the last four month my doctor instructed me to double my dosage to two 200mg tablets every morning before school.
I still do not have very great results, when i AM awake, I am sick because I should be asleep. Provigil causes me to have severe tension headaches, stomachaches, if I drink coffee in addition to the medication, I may or may not have heart palpatations as well. about five hours after I take this medication, I will still be severly nausious but also falling asleep. my narcolepsy is not that severe at all, normal days on weekends and vactions i can go the entire day without taking the medication, only having to take one ten minute nap a day. I don't recommend taking this drug unless you really have to. it is a lazy excuse for the lack of a few hours of sleep. you'd probaly be better off if you just take an hours nap to rejuvinate yourself and then drink a cup off coffee if you really don't have that much time to sleep.
Also. my mother take this as well for fatigue, 200mg a day, she's 140pounds, it makes both of us more irritable instead of happy, sunny and otherwise cheerful.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


My name is Roddy Jacobson.  I use they/them pronouns, and am very excited to be learning to code!
Here is a list of projects I have created so far:
About Me
- I grew up in Atlanta
- I went to Mount Holyoke College
- I work at OregonASK, a non-profit that supports afterschool programs across the state.
- I am taking this programming class because I recognize the basics of programming as the definition of what it means to be literate in the 21st Century.


COBB A film review by Maria Vitale Copyright 1995 Maria Vitale
Starring Tommy Lee Jones, Robert Wuhl, Lolita Davidovich. Written and directed by Ron Shelton. Running time: 130 minutes. Rated: R. Warner Bros
What follows is not intended to be a indictment against Warner Bros. and their decision to drop all support for this film, nor is it meant to try to explain why such a decision was ever made. Such an effort would be fruitless. It is instead a personal plea to all who love to watch talented people do what they do best.
- = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = - = -
Ty Cobb was the greatest ball player who ever played the game of baseball. That is undeniable, based on the stats. Those are just numbers though and to look at the man behind them is to take a long hard look at something much less admirable.
Tyrus Raymond Cobb, while a hero to many a boy as the finest scientific hitter and the greatest base-stealer of all time, was also reknown for his racism, misogyny, foul-mouth and viciousness on and off the field.
To portray the "Georgia Peach" on film without suppressing the truth and yet produce an engrossing film is no mean feat. Ron Shelton's unflinching look at Ty Cobb does its subject justice by not sugar-coating his many shortcomings but it allows for a glimpse at a man tormented with his own personal failings. These were not financial failings, for in business, Cobb was a genius amassing a fortune in investments with fledgling companies such as Coca-Cola and General Motors. His inner demons, however, would not let him rest.  He was dying from a variety of diseases, not the least of which was cancer, but that didn't prevent him from doing whatever he pleased, whenever he pleased.
Into this story comes Al Stump, one of the highest paid and most popular sportswriters of the time. He receives a phone call from Cobb informing him that he has been chosen to tell the tale of the greatest sports figure who's ever lived. What the film fails to mention is that 18 other writers had also been graced with Cobb's call only to either quit or be fired when they failed to yield to Cobb's demand that the book, the autobiography be limited to the game and nothing more. No mention of his family, nor of his many notorious antics with other ball players such as sharpening his spikes for his much-feared spikes-high slides or his trash-talking of catchers and pitchers or his many brawls with spectators.
The film's focus is on Cobb as he is approaching death and his own mortality. Portraying Cobb, in all his gruff and vileness is Tommy Lee Jones in a tour-de-force performance.  Shelton's script brings an insight into the man through humor and through fury that Jones deftly manages to balance and to exude. That doesn't even begin to describe the talents involved in the making of this film though.
Jones, as Cobb, spews all the venom he has spent a lifetime gathering up inside himself and explodes on the screen with a vitality that is his trademark. The range is remarkable as he can good-naturedly tell a joke one moment and just as easily pull out a pistol and threaten a man's life the next. This erratic behaviour might be unsettling were it not for the fact that it also grabs your attention and does not ease up for a second. An memorable moment occurs when Cobb insists on visiting Cooperstown, the Baseball Hall of Fame, after hours just to look at his own exhibit. He is trying to set down for posterity's sake a vision of his life, in terms of a game, so as to be forever seen as one of America's greatest heroes. And yet as he looks at his life on display, he ends up crying for he knows that it's all a lie. A lie which he is fighting to maintain. An image. A very misleading image.
Another moving scene is near Cobb's death when he begins to cough violently and blood appears. He knows that his fight will soon end and terrified, he begins to pray for his life. He soon takes up the fight again, unwilling to die quietly, he calls and checks himself into a hospital. Jones all the while nevers eases up on his hold on the audience. He is fascinating to watch as he moves across the screen and embodies Cobb. You can feel his fear as well as his rage and you can see his disappointment with life and those around him as well as himself.
Another standout in the film is comedian and writer, Robert Wuhl giving what is clearly his best performance to date. His Stump shows his contempt for Cobb even while accompanying him and attending to him as his personal nurse and friend. There is a mutual need, a parasitic relationship between the two. Cobb needs for his life to be viewed only in terms of his athleticism and Stump cannot pass up the opportunity to write a book about the most hated and loved man in baseball. But there is also a feeling of sadness which Stump cannot unravel. He's heard the tales that others including Cobb has related but he still can't get a handle on the man behind the myth.
Shelton's script is intelligent and has plenty of odd-ball moments such as a car ride through a snow storm in Lake Tahoe where Cobb wrecks his car and nearly kills himself but it doesn't phase him for a second.  When denied the keys, he pulls out his ever handy Luger and threatens to shoot. Stump challenges him by saying that he needs him to finish the book. Cobb points out that he's killed a man. It doesn't impress Stump a bit. And so, of course, Cobb does in fact get the keys and drives just as madly as before. He always gets his way.
The script also presents a wonderful opportunity to see what good films can be made with some effort and good writing. It could have been a baseball movie with just the sports scenes expected to entertain the audience. Instead it allowed its cast to bring out emotional and forceful portrayals of very real human beings filled with flaws. This study of human nature and more pointedly, of these two men, Ty Cobb and Al Stump, has a beauty all its own with grace and strength. It is glorious in its handling of a very difficult subject and yet it manages to be both accessible as a character study and as a tale worth telling.
In the end it is sad to know that this is a film worthy of the highest praise and grandest awards, contains some of the greatest performances yet by Messrs. Jones and Wuhl and some very fine writing and direction by Mr. Shelton, yet it will be seen by so few people. Pity. This is filmmaking and acting at its very finest.
I'd like to recommend this film to anyone who is still able to catch it wherever it is still available.
Maria Vitale
.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


001 002/* 003 * Copyright (C) 2015 Archie L. Cobbs. All rights reserved. 004 */ 005 006package org.jsimpledb.kv.raft; 007 008/** 009 * {@link RaftKVTransaction} supported consistency levels. 010 * 011 *
 012 * The differences only apply to read-only transactions; read-write transactions (i.e., transactions containing 013 * any mutations or cluster configuration changes) always behave with {@link #LINEARIZABLE} consistency. 014 * 015 * @see RaftKVTransaction#setConsistency RaftKVTransaction.setConsistency() 016 * @see Strong consistency models 017 */ 018public enum Consistency { 019 020 /** 021 * Uncommitted eventual consistency. 022 * 023 *
 024 * This level is only meaningful for read-only transactions; read-write transactions are always {@link #LINEARIZABLE}. 025 * 026 *
 027 * Transactions see a consistent, view of the database that is either already committed or likely to be committed soon. 028 * This is the same as {@link #EVENTUAL_COMMITTED}, but with the additional (unlikely) possibility that the view that the 029 * transaction sees may never actually get committed; this can only happen if there is a Raft leadership change 030 * during the transaction. 031 * 032 *
 033 * Transactions at this level require no network communication, commit immediately, and never result in 034 * {@link org.jsimpledb.kv.RetryTransactionException}s. Committing a transaction at this level is actually 035 * equivalent to invoking {@link RaftKVTransaction#rollback rollback()} instead of {@link RaftKVTransaction#commit commit()}. 036 * 037 *
 038 * In Raft terms, transactions are based on the latest uncommitted log entry, the commit operation does not wait 039 * for that log entry to be committed, and up-to-date reads are not guaranteed. 040 */ 041 UNCOMMITTED(false, false, false), 042 043 /** 044 * Committed eventual consistency. 045 * 046 *
 047 * This level is only meaningful for read-only transactions; read-write transactions are always {@link #LINEARIZABLE}. 048 * 049 *
 050 * Transactions see a consistent, committed view of the database as it existed at some point in the "recent past". 051 * The view is not guaranteed to be up-to-date; it's only guaranteed to be as up-to-date as what was known to this 052 * node when the transaction was opened. In general (for example, if stuck in a network partition minority), the view 053 * could be from arbitrarily far in the past. 054 * 055 *
 056 * Unlike {@link #EVENTUAL}, transactions at this level require no network communication, commit immediately, and never 057 * result in {@link org.jsimpledb.kv.RetryTransactionException}s; however, they see a potentiall older view. Compared 058 * to {@link #UNCOMMITTED}, transactions at this level see a view that is potentially older, in exchange for the guarantee 059 * that it has definitely been committed. 060 * 061 *
 062 * This consistency level is useful when it's important to allow reading the database in any situation, e.g., even when 063 * the local node is in a minority partition of the cluster. Of course, the data will only be as up-to-date as is known 064 * locally. 065 * 066 *
 067 * In Raft terms, transactions are based on the latest committed log entry, and up-to-date reads are not guaranteed. 068 */ 069 EVENTUAL_COMMITTED(true, false, false), 070 071 /** 072 * Eventual consistency. 073 * 074 *
 075 * This level is only meaningful for read-only transactions; read-write transactions are always {@link #LINEARIZABLE}. 076 * 077 *
 078 * Transactions see a consistent, committed view of the database as it existed at some point in the "recent past". 079 * The view is not guaranteed to be up-to-date; it's only guaranteed to be as up-to-date as what was known to this 080 * node when the transaction was opened. In general (for example, if stuck in a network partition minority), the view 081 * could be from arbitrarily far in the past. 082 * 083 *
 084 * No network traffic is generated by {@link RaftKVTransaction#commit commit()}, and transactions can never throw 085 * {@link org.jsimpledb.kv.RetryTransactionException}s due to read/write conflicts (i.e., stale read checks). 086 * A {@link RaftKVTransaction#commit commit()} blocks until the log entry on which the transaction is based is committed; 087 * if no concurrent write transactions are occurring, this will happen immediately. 088 * 089 *
 090 * In Raft terms, transactions are based on the latest uncommitted log entry, the commit operation waits 091 * for that log entry to be committed, and up-to-date reads are not guaranteed. 092 */ 093 EVENTUAL(false, true, false), 094 095 /** 096 * Linearizable consistency. 097 * 098 *
 099 * Transactions see a database that evolves step-wise through a global, linear sequence of atomic changes, where 100 * each change appears to have occurred instantaneously at some point in time between the start and end of the 101 * corresponding transaction. 102 * 103 *
 104 * This is the default consistency level. 105 * 106 *
 107 * In Raft terms, transactions are based on the latest uncommitted log entry, the commit operation waits 108 * for that log entry to be committed, and up-to-date reads are guaranteed. 109 */ 110 LINEARIZABLE(false, true, true); 111 112 private final boolean basedOnCommittedLogEntry; 113 private final boolean waitsForLogEntryToBeCommitted; 114 private final boolean guaranteesUpToDateReads; 115 116 private Consistency(boolean basedOnCommittedLogEntry, 117 boolean waitsForLogEntryToBeCommitted, boolean guaranteesUpToDateReads) { 118 this.basedOnCommittedLogEntry = basedOnCommittedLogEntry; 119 this.waitsForLogEntryToBeCommitted = waitsForLogEntryToBeCommitted; 120 this.guaranteesUpToDateReads = guaranteesUpToDateReads; 121 } 122 123 /** 124 * Determines the log entry on which transactions at this level are based. 125 * 126 *
 127 * When false, transactions are based on this node's most recent log entry, whether committed or not. 128 * When true, transactions are based on this node's most recent committed log entry. The former provides 129 * a more up-to-date view, but {@link RaftKVTransaction#commit commit()} can block (and could possibly 130 * fail with a {@link org.jsimpledb.kv.RetryTransactionException}) when {@link #isWaitsForLogEntryToBeCommitted} is true. 131 * The latter, when combined with {@link #isGuaranteesUpToDateReads} being false, allows read-only transactions 132 * to commit immediately with no network traffic, even when in a minority partition. 133 * 134 * @return true if transactions at this level are always based on committed log entries 135 */ 136 public boolean isBasedOnCommittedLogEntry() { 137 return this.basedOnCommittedLogEntry; 138 } 139 140 /** 141 * Determines whether transactions at this level block in {@link RaftKVTransaction#commit commit()} until 142 * the log entry on which they are based is committed. 143 * 144 *
 145 * This setting has no effect if {@link #isBasedOnCommittedLogEntry} returns true, because in that case 146 * the log entry on which the transaction is based is already committed when transaction starts. 147 * 148 * @return true if transactions at this level wait for their base log entry to be committed 149 */ 150 public boolean isWaitsForLogEntryToBeCommitted() { 151 return this.waitsForLogEntryToBeCommitted; 152 } 153 154 /** 155 * Determines whether transactions at this level guarantee reading the most up-to-date information. 156 * 157 *
 158 * This setting has no effect on transactions that contain mutations; they always read the most up-to-date information. 159 * 160 *
 161 * If this returns false, read-only transactions may read out-of-date information ("eventual consistency"). 162 * 163 * @return true if transactions at this level guarantee up-to-date reads 164 */ 165 public boolean isGuaranteesUpToDateReads() { 166 return this.guaranteesUpToDateReads; 167 } 168} 169


Hey there, welcome to Rock & Code! Let us introduce ourselves!
We are five women who decided to give a step forward into web development.
We are Adalabers :)
We are trained in a 4-months highly intensive course to become junior front-end developers. All thanks to Adalab, a Spanish association which is doing a terrific job into making women in tech a reality.
No doubt, the course is highly demanding. However, we are already so much into it!


Roderick Hunt, Ricardo L. Colasanti
Working with two-dimensional cellular automata which represent a range of previously validated plant functional types, and employing a scale far beyond that of even the most ambitious investigations in the real world, we succeed in sustaining realistic, very long-term, patterns of plant biodiversity by manipulating the levels of, and degree of heterogeneity in the supply of, resources, external disturbances and invading propagules. We fail to reproduce such phenomena when we adopt the assumptions of unified neutral theory. We conclude that although further, and possibly more complex, sets of processes could also lead to the long-term maintenance of plant biodiversity, (i) the differentiation of plant life into distinct functional types, (ii) the presence of environmental heterogeneity, and (iii) the opportunity for invasion all appear to be necessary simultaneously. We consider it unlikely that any combination of conditions more minimal than the set demonstrated here would be sufficient to deliver the same result.
Here is a [non working need to work out how to load libraries in binder] jupyter note book


| Welcome,1-m introductions, 5-m talks
Chair: Jan Vitek (University of Geneva) | |
| Introducing the French RNRT MARVEL project Marc Lacoste (France Telecom) | |
| Towards Dynamic and Extensible Mobility Earl Barr and Raju Pandey (UC Davis) | |
| Hierarchically Structured Mobile Agents and their Migration Ichiro Satoh (Ochanomizu University) | |
| Types and Equations
Chair: Peter Sewell (Cambridge University) | |
| A Static Type System for Detecting Potentially Transmissible Functions Dilsun Kirli (LFCS, Edinburgh) | |
| The Receptive Distributed
pi-Calculus Roberto Amadio (Université de Provence), Gérard Boudol (INRIA)
and Cédric Lousshaine (Université de Provence) | |
| Implementation
Chair: Benjamin Pierce (University of Pennsylvania) | |
| Using Mobile Code for Service Integration in Ubiquitous Computing Kari Kangas and Juha Röning (University of Oulu) | |
| DiTyCO: Implementing Mobile Objects in the Realm of Process Calculi Luís Lopes, Fernando Silva, Álvaro Figueira (Universidade do Porto) and Vasco T. Vasconcelos (Universidade de Lisboa) | |
| An Implementation of Ambients in JoCaml Cédric Fournet (Microsoft Research) and Alan Schmitt (INRIA) | |
| Scalable Migration for Mobile Agents Martin Geier and Franz J. Hauck (University of Erlangen-Nürnberg) | |
| Security
Chair: Cedric Fournet (Microsoft Research) | |
| A History-Dependent Access Control Mechanism Using Reflection Massimo Ancona (University of Genova), Walter Cazzola (University of Milano) and Eduardo B. Fernandez (Florida Atlantic University) |


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