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There is no one answer that fits them all. The perfect destination for study overseas differs from student to student. There are many factors that must be considered. Making a choice is not easy. You should consider your personal interests, consider the cost factor that will include both the tuition fees and living costs.  Ensure you choice of study destination matches with your requirements.
There is no one answer that fits them all. The perfect destination for study overseas differs from student to student. There are many factors that must be considered. Making a choice is not easy. You should consider your personal interests, consider the cost factor that will include both the tuition fees and living costs.  Ensure you choice of study destination matches with your requirements.


School is getting started again for just about everyone and as flipped learning becomes more and more popular, we’re all looking to make connections to continue our growth.
The first way is to join in on our #flipclass chat Monday nights at 8PM EDT. We have a wonderful team of moderators (many who are included below) that help host the chat each week. Topics are chosen by a poll that is tweeted out Sunday nights and Monday mornings. We’ve gone strong since beginning in March this year, and we’re looking forward to expanding as a new school year begins.
If you’re looking for content-specific folks, this is a list of some amazing flipped educators I’ve created just off the top of my head. If there is someone I missed, please add them in the comments.
 With Cheryl in the Bay Area and Andrew across the country in North Carolina, they use Google+ Hangouts to create content and flip their classes from 2,500 miles away. You can read about their story or take a look at their materials on their collaborative website or YouTube.
Troy Cockrum is a middle school ELA teacher in Indianapolis. You may recognize his voice from the Flipped Learning Podcast that’s a part of the EdReach network. Check out his blog and YouTube channel for a look at his videos.
Math
Stacey Roshan is a high school math teacher in Potomac, Maryland. Her flipped class focuses on reducing student anxiety through flexible testing and student created content.. Stacey’s content is on her class website and on Screencast.com.
Graham Johnson is a secondary math teacher in Kelowna, British Columbia. He and a colleague hosted the first-ever flipped learning conference in Canada in June 2012. Graham writes on his blog about flipped learning and also shares his content on his class website.
Crystal Kirch teaches freshman algebra and math analysis in California. She developed a Watch-Summary-Question (WSQ, pronounced “whisk”) cycle with her videos that has taken off in flipped learning circles. She writes very frequently on her blog and posts her content to YouTube or on her dedicated Algebra I and Math Analysis class websites.
Science
Marc Seigel teaches chemistry at a public school in New Jersey. He was an early adopter of flipped learning tools and presented at the 2012 Flipped Learning Conference in Chicago, IL. Marc focuses on inquiry and PBL strategies to get his students to engage with chemistry. He writes about his successes and failures in teaching on his blog.
Carolyn Durley is a colleague of Graham’s, teaching biology in Kelowna, British Columbia. She co-hosted the 2012 Canadian Flipped Learning Conference and is a first-hand account of how teaching practice can change after many years in the field. Carolyn’s energy and writing are infectious as she engages with people in discussions about flipped learning.
Social Studies
Karl Lindgren-Streicher teaches world history in the San Francisco bay area. He has grabbed the inquiry learning approach used by many science classes and applied it to the history classroom. Karl shares his methods on his blog if you’re interested in learning with him.
Primary Grades
Delia Bush is an elementary teacher living just outside Grand Rapids, MI. She learned about flipped learning in 2011 and it has taken off with her students. Delia encourages digital tools with her students and is constantly sharing their learning on Twitter and through her blog. You can see examples of her video content on her YouTube Channel.
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This list is by no means comprehensive. Feel free to add names in the comments. Also, if you enjoy reading this blog, please take a minute to subscribe to email updates in the right-hand sidebar.
Written on August 31st , 2012 by Brian Bennett Categorized in: All Flipclass Teaching
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PSTOPS(1) PSTOPS(1) NAME pstops - shuffle pages in a PostScript file SYNOPSIS pstops [ -q ] [ -b ] [ -wwidth ] [ -hheight ] [ -ppaper ] [ -dlwidth ] pagespecs [ infile [ outfile ] ] DESCRIPTION Pstops rearranges pages from a PostScript document, creating a new Post‐ Script file. The input PostScript file should follow the Adobe Document Structuring Conventions. Pstops can be used to perform a large number of arbitrary re-arrangements of Documents, including arranging for printing 2-up, 4-up, booklets, reversing, selecting front or back sides of docu‐ ments, scaling, etc. pagespecs follow the syntax: pagespecs = [modulo:]specs specs = spec[+specs][,specs] spec = [-]pageno[L][R][U][H][V][@scale][(xoff,yoff)] modulo is the number of pages in each block. The value of modulo should be greater than 0; the default value is 1. specs are the page specifica‐ tions for the pages in each block. The value of the pageno in each spec should be between 0 (for the first page in the block) and modulo-1 (for the last page in each block) inclusive. The optional dimensions xoff and yoff shift the page by the specified amount. xoff and yoff are in Post‐ Script's points, but may be followed by the units cm or in to convert to centimetres or inches, or the flag w or h to specify as a multiple of the width or height. The optional parameters L, R, U, H and V rotate the page left, right, or upside-down, and flip (mirror) page horizontally or vertically. The optional scale parameter scales the page by the fraction specified. If the optional minus sign is specified, the page is relative to the end of the document, instead of the start. If page specs are separated by + the pages will be merged into one page; if they are separated by , they will be on separate pages. If there is only one page specification, with pageno zero, the pageno may be omitted. The shift, rotation, and scaling are applied to the PostScript transfor‐ mation matrix in that order regardless of which order they appear on the command line. The matrix accumulates the individual transformations. The effect on the image is to first scale with respect to an origin at the lower left corner, then rotate about the same origin, and finally shift. The -w option gives the width which is used by the w dimension specifier, and the -h option gives the height which is used by the h dimension spec‐ ifier. These dimensions are also used (after scaling) to set the clipping path for each page. The -p option can be used as an alternative, to set the paper size to a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, b5, letter, legal, tabloid, statement, executive, folio, quarto or 10x14. The default paper size is a4. The -b option prevents any bind operators in the PostScript prolog from binding. This may be needed in cases where complex multi-page re-arrange‐ ments are being done. The -d option draws a line around the border of each page, of the speci‐ fied width. If the lwidth parameter is omitted, a default linewidth of 1 point is assumed. The linewidth is relative to the original page dimen‐ sions, i.e. it is scaled up or down with the rest of the page. Pstops normally prints the page numbers of the pages re-arranged; the -q option suppresses this. EXAMPLES This section contains some sample re-arrangements. To put two pages on one sheet (of A4 paper), the pagespec to use is: "2:0L@.7(21cm,0)+1L@.7(21cm,14.85cm)" To select all of the odd pages in reverse order, use: 2:-0 To re-arrange pages for printing 2-up booklets, use "4:-3L@.7(21cm,0)+0L@.7(21cm,14.85cm)" for the front sides, and "4:1L@.7(21cm,0)+-2L@.7(21cm,14.85cm)" for the reverse sides (or join them with a comma for duplex printing). AUTHOR Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995 SEE ALSO psbook(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), epsffit(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psmerge(1), fixscribeps(1), getafm(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixps‐ ditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), extractres(1), includeres(1), showchar(1) TRADEMARKS PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. BUGS Pstops does not accept all DSC comments. PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17 PSTOPS(1)


By Nicholas Tierney | April 18, 2018
This interview took place at the rStudio::conf in San Diego, in January, 2018. Some things cannot be translated from audio to text - and one thing that was hard to fully capture is Thomas’s upbeat, friendly, and positive attitude about just about everything.
Nick: What is your name and occupation, and where do you live?
Thomas: My name is Thomas Lin Pedersen. I live in Denmark, and am currently working at SKAT, the Danish taxation authority, where I’m developing tools for our other data scientists. I don’t do a lot of modelling myself, but I make sure the framework and the pipeline is up and running, so that is really really cool.
Nick: That’s awesome, so you’re writing tools for other people to use, and thinking about the framework.
Thomas: Yeah, so it’s actually a really really interesting place to be at the moment. We have access to all this data about everyone in Denmark and are in the center of everything that comes through the Danish government.
We’re trying to be more proactive about the knowledge that comes in and through. We have legal requirements with the EU and Denmark, so there are a lot of interesting things regarding how to actually apply machine learning in that context, all this responsibility for the citizens of Denmark. So, how do make sure that we can be agile, in the sense that we don’t want to take 20 years to develop something new, we want to get things out there, but we still want to comply with all the regulations and so on. I need to develop tools that remove the many of responsibilities from the actual data scientist, so that they can focus on doing what they do best - doing the modelling, training the models and so on, and then they should be able to put it back into the pipeline.
We have a very software centric view in our data science team, so we have a continuous delivery platform using Jenkins. And we are going to provide all our models as micro-services in docker containers, but still we want to make sure that everything is running as it should - so we need to build in monitoring, we need to have full traceability of every decision that we make. In fact, this year, there are going some new regulations from the EU, the GDPR, which requires that every decision on citizens that are based on algorithms to be explained to citizens that they affect. So, every citizen should be able to say, why did you do this, why did you choose this? This is one of the reasons why I developed lime. For any model that we are using, give a sense of how this model works for each observation.
There are other ways of explaining machine learning tools, and I think that there is going to be more research done on this, but if the explainability part of this, if it is part of the model itself, then we constrain our model developers to say - you can only use these two or three models, otherwise we are going to be hurt by this legal requirement.
Nick: That’s a really interesting approach! I have heard this has happened in other companies, where they’ve had to pull out certain models that they want to use, which to them makes them feel like they are developing a product that is “less good”. So, it’s interesting to hear that the answer to that CAN be in software and it can be in an analytical framework. Because lime uses some metamodelling framework.
Thomas: That’s right, lime does add some overhead. But, if you have full reproducibility in your framework, then you can reproduce the prediction, and then you can run lime on request, because lime itself is quite heavy — you are training a model to fit for every observation, training and adding feature selection. It can add an overhead for each prediction on 1-2 seconds, then if you have 1-2 million rows, it’s going to be horrible.
But it is interesting, from a data science point of view, these rules and regulations might seem annoying, but from a public servant point of view, sure they are annoying, but we have to keep in mind who we are actually trying to help, and these regulations are here for the citizens that we actually serving. So, maybe we can’t achieve that extra 0.09% accuracy, because we can’t use that model that is complex, but then again, is that really WHY we are doing it? I mean, are we doing the modelling for our own academic desire, or we actually trying to solve a problem? And if that problem entails an explainable part, well then that’s part of the problem spec, and we’re going to solve it in the best way we can.
Nick: It is nice to have some grounding - what does this work actually mean, and who is using it. That is really cool. OK, so, how did you first hear about R, and when did you start using it?
Thomas: So during my bachelor degree, the university I went to had decided a few years before that they were going to use R, as their framework for doing the base level statistics and mathematics. So, the first mathematics course that we had, we were introduced to R. And everyone hated it. Because, well, it’s a capable calculator, but for someone who hasn’t done any programming, it feels kind of horrible. And the impact of R was not really apparent, when you’re just doing bachelor level mathematics.
We took up R again in the statistics course, and it was kinda cool,
because you can just type anova()
and summary()
, and get all these nice
things. And it was not such a huge burden, because we had some of the
idiosyncrasies put into our head when we did the math. But then after we
took a few more statistics courses, we drifted away from R,
because we didn’t need to do any statistical analysis with R. It was
there, but it was not used.
Then, I went on an internship in Paris, and there was another Danish guy working there. I needed to do some visualisation, and I was talking to him about it. We didn’t really use R for visualisation during the statistics courses, and so I was asking him whether he had something that was better than excel, and he said:
Colleague: “Well, I do have something, but it’s based on this programming language called ‘R’, so you might not want to-"
Thomas: “Ah, well, I know R, so no problems."
And then he showed me the ggplot2 book, which had just been released there. I began learning ggplot2. And that was really where it started. But I think visualisation is a good way to get introduced to R. It involves a lot of the things that you need to do, but you still have this nice feeling of a tangible end product. So you need to get your data into R, you need some I/O (reading in and writing out), you need to have some transformation of your data before you can plot it. So you’ve got all these data transformation steps. You might need to model something as well, and then make the visualisation. So, there are a lot of steps, but it’s all with a clear goal of “I want to make this graph”.
So, it preps you well for working onwards with R. Also, that’s the feeling I’ve had when doing all this other stuff with ggplot2, it didn’t feel so bad.
Nick: You are renowned for rapid development of R packages. Are there any tools or methodologies you attribute this ability to?
Thomas: I think I had this discussion with Miles McBain. I don’t know if I’m renowned, but it’s true that I’m probably rather productive in the sense of publishing R packages. I’m horribly unstructured, and I have no system at all. People should not follow my lead if they want to do a lot of R packages. I’m a horrible front figure for that idea.
Creating an R package, for me, now is natural. This comes after a couple times. I mean, it’s just file naming and doing things the correct way. So you learn that. It is kind of nice to be able to internalize this idea that package development is something that happens in my head while I’m not at the computer. So a lot of the time-consuming part is about architecture; it’s about what I want to solve, how I want to solve it. Not kind of problems about programming.
This (package development) is something that can rummage in my head while I do everything else. I can sit down at my computer — not that I get my code perfect the first time, but debugging is also something that comes easier with time. So I can perfect my idea of what I want to do while I’m not in front of the computer, and then make the best out of the time that I have in front of the computer.
A lot of my development happens during my commute or just in the evening, because, more or less, everything I do is spare time. I have a limited amount of time in front of my computer, self-imposed, of course. I could ignore my family but I don’t want to do that.
Nick: Yeah, it’s funny. At least to me, like, a lot of time, you know, I could still be in the shower and be like “ah, okay. I could try things this way”.
Thomas: So I think that’s my “methodology”. Then, I think I’m a rather creative person. If I get a good idea, it can rummage in my head for a long time, maybe subconsciously. Like, I wouldn’t think about it, but then, at some point, it would be so annoying that I haven’t made something out of that idea that I’m kinda forced to make a package out of it. And this happens quite a lot. So it’s kind of a mix between a bit of methodology and just me being kind of compulsory about R development.
Nick: So, I know what you mean about the package development, in the sense that, I feel like the first time I made an R package it was really scary. Eventually, you get to the point you’re like, “Ah, easy way to solve this, write these functions, they’re all related, they go in a package.” I’ll write a package. Once you’ve worked out how to manage all those steps that sort of don’t really involve, like, thinking, like heavy thinking, I think that really improves things. I was gonna ask if you have any thoughts or processes that you go through to develop an API? Because I feel like that’s… So, like, say, for example, with ggraph, or tidygraph, did it take a lot of time to arrive at that?
Thomas: It probably did. And I do think about it. When I was in academia, when I wanted to describe my academic goals, it was really to make human data interfaces. This is all about API, sometimes about visualizations. But APIs and visualization, they are both just interfaces to your data.
It concerns me a lot, but it’s one of those things that rummage in my head. I can’t really put a kind of a timestamp on how much time has been spent. I feel that when I sit down and write the code, there is not a lot of iteration. Like, I haven’t had a version, a lesser version of the tidygraph API. It was like that when I decided to make the tidygraph. I don’t begin the journey before I have something that I can kind of say, “Well, this is what I want to do.”
Tidygraph came out of a discussion with Hadley. He’s a tidy data guy. I had the audacity to build something untidy, networks, on top of one of ggplot2 (ggraph). And I think he enjoys plotting networks, but then you had to have the data part that we talked about. You have to have the step before plotting.
He was kind of annoyed with how that works, so we began talking about
how a new thing might end up looking. We talked about whether we we
wanted to make, like, separate functions for edges and nodes. That would
be another perfectly valid idea, to have mutate_edges()
,
mutate_nodes()
, transfer all of these things. And it didn’t seem as
elegant in some way, because the code would be very graph specific, in a
sense.
And then, I don’t know who thought of it, we thought about switching the
context using a verb (activate()
). It reinforced the idea that a graph
can just be thought of a two tidy data sets. And also, another kind of
thing that hasn’t really materialized, but we’re talking about, that
this activate()
have more general capabilities than just in the graph
context. So, you could easily think about having a tidy approach to
working with databases. Because currently that’s still just concerned
with a single table in a database. But with activate()
you can have this
connection to your database and you just activate the different tables,
work with them. So it would be a more kind of a universal approach to
that. So that’s why we ended there. But I hadn’t made any code at that
point. It was just talking about how to do it.
And then, the whole idea of graph algorithms, how to do the algorithms in a tidy way, was something that came after that fact, but it was also something that was not necessary for the first part of the API to materialize. So I was just thinking about how do you get access to all these things in a tidy way, and I knew I wanted that because the different graph algorithms are a huge part of doing network analysis.
Without the algorithm part there’s really not much to do. Sure, you can
add attributes and stuff to your network, but really want to use is the
network structure for something more than just being there. You want to
add centralities. You want to have ways to do searches in your graph and
so on. And how would that translate into something that fit into
mutate()
? Because that’s really how you add information in a tidy way.
So you want all algorithms to return vectors.
And you wanted the vectors to match with the order of the nodes and
edges and so on. And then it just kinda became apparent, well, you don’t
really want to specify, “I want this algorithms for these nodes of this
graph.” Inside mutate()
that part is there already. And then, because we
have the n()
function in dplyr it is kind of the same as the tidygraph
algorithms, in the sense that it knows its context.
n()
knows where it’s called from, so it will always just give the number
of rows. And it was kind of the schematics that was going forward. You
know, when you’re inside mutate, you know the graph, you know which node
or edges you’re working with, so you don’t…you shouldn’t need to
specify these.
Nick: Do you have any process for developing code? Do you write pseudo-code for the first pass, and then you sort of work backwards from there?
Thomas: No. Well, I sometimes call a function I haven’t defined yet. So I think, for a long time, I was becoming better and better at not writing a function in a thousand lines, but multiple small functions. And the process at the start was to have a long function, and then take out code chunks into their own functions. Now, I’m more like I know what this function should do, so I start writing it and then I recognise, well, this part seems involved and should go into a separate function.
I’ll just make up a function name and call it, and kind of define in my head how the syntax and return value should be. And then, just get on with what I’m doing right now. And then, underneath it, I’ll begin to kind of fill out the blanks. But never in real pseudo-code like that. I mean, I’m always writing a plain R code.
Nick: So the process of getting to this point is spending a lot of time doing the small stuff. Once you get practiced with this, you can think more broadly about how to solve a task more broadly.
Thomas: Yeah, so first you write a horribly long function and you find out that that’s not a really good idea. And then, the next time, you write a new package or a new function, you might start with a thousand line, but then you say, “Well, this kinda fits together so we’ll refactor it”.
And now I can anticipate when this is going to be a bigger thing, so I know when it has its own function. In terms of kind of how it all ties together, I think I’m unstructured, but I am kind of good at keeping a lot of things in my head. I also don’t really write notes - all of my schoolbooks are completely clean - I’ve had a lot of practice juggling things in my head simultaneously. I kind of have the feeling of the number of files, and “which functions should go where” just in my head, and I can just kind of begin materializing these thoughts without planning it.
Nick: Wow, that is amazing, thank you. Changing topic now, have you been to Australia before?
Thomas: No, I have not. But I’m really looking forward to! When I was a kid, I was traveling in France with my parents a lot, so I’ve been all over France and lying in tents, camping. I’ve filled out a lot of blanks in Europe as well. But I’ve never really been that much around the globe. My wife’s family is from Hong Kong, so I’ve been to Hong Kong and Beijing. And then, I’ve been to the USA a couple of times, for conferences. Now I’m going to Australia, so that’s really cool.
Nick: I was gonna ask, do you have any favorite R packages?
Thomas: I think ggplot2 is probably an obvious answer for me, because a lot of my tools are built on top of that. I’m more of a developer than an R user. I also use R to solve problems, but being a toolmaker rather than a tool user kind of gives you another appreciation of some of the underlying tools. So, devtools and roxygen - I couldn’t live without them. They are fantastic. And Rccp, I mean, I would probably never have gone into writing compiled code had it not been for Rcpp. So these are kind of the hidden heroes of R packages. But, if you’re just a user, you wouldn’t really care about them.
Nick: I feel like I don’t appreciate Rcpp as much as I should, because I’ve never written C++ code outside of R, and when I did do it, I had to run a function on pairs of values in matrices, it wasn’t very complex, and it kind of “just worked”. I feel like the elegance of everything that was going on was really what stunned me, because it was too easy.
Thomas: It just shows the greatness of the team around Rcpp. I have not had any formal programming training at all. So, the fact that I can get in and get comfortable, at least writing rudimentary C++ code, and go “that didn’t feel so bad, let’s dive in a bit deeper”. That’s a huge win for a package like that. Especially because R developers are usually not trained programmers. Starting from scratch with a C++ program is just… I mean, the amount of craziness that goes into regular software development, like, we are completely unaware of because we have tooling that makes the whole compiling step just happens kind of automatically.
So, I have a lot of favorite R packages, but the ones I use the most are those kind of the underlying heroes. Rcpp, knitr, rmarkdown or devtools and roxygen. They are fantastic.
Nick: Many of your public R postings have an artistic flavor. Do you explore your artistic side using other mediums?
Thomas: Every time I’ve been asked, “If you weren’t doing what you were now, what would you be doing?” My go-to answer is I would be a photographer or graphic designer. I have an artistic side, or a graphic side, at least. I’ve been taking a lot of photographs when I was younger, I hope to take it up again.
Last summer, I think, I began fiddling with generative algorithms. I follow a couple of generative artists on Twitter, and I have always been impressed how they can use code to generate impressive or intriguing visualization. Not in the sense of a data visualization, but just visualizing something. So I got into that, and I have a package not yet on CRAN called particles (on CRAN now), which is an implementation of the D3-force algorithm and then some. But, more generally, it’s just a framework for handling particle interactions, and forces, and constraints in a system. And I kind of did that partly because D3-force would be nice to have in ggraph but also, partly, because I wanted an outlet for experimenting with setting up systems that generate something interesting. And a lot of the things that I have posted on my generative art has been based on particles, mainly, but also, of course, a lot of other packages has helped to put that on paper, in a sense.
Nick: That’s really cool. So it’s like there’s this awesome meta aspect to this, you want to make art, but to do that, you have to create the tools so you can make art.
Thomas: Yeah, that’s kind of it. It’s fun to be able to say that, “Well, I made the algorithm, or I made the system that defines this, but I also built a tool that helped me make it, and I also built a tool that helped me put it on paper, and program it.” So it’s kind of nice. And it’s a nice way to have an outlet for this creativity that I feel I have inside. That when I develop packages that are not purely kind of artistic or visual in the sense that it can still help me pursue that.
And then I have all the stickers and logos, which is kind of my little vise of doing at least some graphic design, which I really enjoy. It’s nice to have purpose to doing that. I mean, if you’re not a graphic designer that are handed assignments, then it can be difficult to just sit down in front of Illustrator or whatever and say, “Well, what should I do now?”
Nick: It’s really hard when you don’t have a starting point!
Thomas: Yeah. So, it’s really nice to have this idea that I want to have some kind of logo or some kind of visual identity for some of my packages, and I can just sit down and fiddle with it. I would like to get more into drawing as well. I haven’t really had much time for that, but it’d be nice to be a better drawer.
Nick: I would like to get into drawing. I feel like the ability to be able to put what’s in your head onto paper, it’s a very fun experience when you’re doing it with code because you can write it out and see it happen. It’s different to have that in a more, I guess, like, permanent sense.
Thomas: Yes. I get it a bit with the generative work that I’m doing. But there’s still this kind of surprise, even for me, because there’s a certain randomness built into my algorithm. So I define the system, and I have some expectancies about what it will show - I’m putting boundaries, putting forces into it. But I would never know, precisely, what comes out of it before the whole rendition process is done. I just go, “Oh, well, that looks nice.”
But it is not the same as going from mind, through arm, down to paper. That’s a completely different thing. Photography is more imminent and that’s also really nice. I really enjoy photography and doing fantastic things with color and light. But, on the other hand, what I was doing a lot was kind of architecture and nature photography. And it can still feel a bit like you’re just reproducing someone else’s work. Like, a fantastic photograph of some architecture is just as much a compliment to the architect that drew the building. And fantastic photography of nature is a compliment to Mother Nature. And sometimes it feels like every nice spot has been photographed, like, a million times. So the feeling of “this is new, this is just me, this is purely me” can be difficult to achieve in photography as well. You have the immediateness, but you don’t have the same sense of uniqueness.
Nick: OK, changing topic, how do you see your role in the R community, if you were to put a name on it?
Thomas: Well, I’m a developer of tools. I’m surprised that people care about what I do, I would say, and it continues to surprise me. I’m surprised that you invited me as keynote speaker. That blew my mind. So my role would be a “surprised developer in the corner”. I think I’m quite active on Twitter, and I interact a lot with people through Twitter and participating in the general discourse. But in my day-to-day life, I’m just this single developer.
So there’s plenty of R users around me in my work now. It’s the first time I’ve really been in a setting where there’s other people doing things in R. But there’s still the feeling, like, I’m a tool developer. I don’t interact directly with other people during development, so I’m still kind of a guy that has an idea and makes a package. And then, people care, somehow. And that’s great, of course, but I don’t know. It’s kind of still difficult for me to put myself in a role.
Nick: I think it is always hard to define that role. I’ve heard this numerous times from other people who are very good at R programming. Oftentimes they’re the only R programmer, or one of a few in an area. And it’s sort of interesting to see they’re by themselves but there’s this community around them that helps them or gives them drive. OK, next question. What is your favorite thing about R?
Thomas: I love the expressiveness. R is also my first language. So I think people, unless they’re kind of multilingual in an extreme sense, then the first language always has special place in their heart. Especially if they continue to work with it. When I think programming, I think in R. So for me, R really expressive, because it’s what my programming mind is wired to. So if I decompose a problem, I will decompose it into R.
I think that the second language that I’m mainly familiar with is JavaScript because I do some D3 as well. But the vectorized idea of R really sticks with me. And when I think about problems, I predominantly think about data. That’s also why I don’t particularly like Python, because I don’t think data is particularly elegant, even with pandas and so on. I think it’s tacked on. Compare that to R where it’s just, it’s a first-class citizen. I mean, I would even say that it’s the main citizen. So you have data and then you can do stuff with it. For me, that’s a really natural approach to doing data science.
Nick: Yeah that makes sense. For me, I feel like R is all about data first. There’s this approach strongly reflected in the tidyverse about data being first. It’s the first argument and it’s the thing that comes out as well.
Thomas: Yeah. And we care about how it looks. It’s really an important thing. It’s not so much about algorithms and how they are implemented. Of course, that can have a huge effect, but as a user, as a programmer, we want to take care of our data. We are data scientists. We’re not algorithm, we’re not computer scientists. We’re data scientists. We care about our data.
Nick: Yeah. Awesome. Okay, can you describe a typical day in your life?
Thomas: Yeah. So, I will wake in the morning at around quarter past six. And I will get up, and I will try to wake my kids and my wife. We’re kind of a sleepy family, so it’s not our kids that wake us up. They have to be ruffled out of bed. Our family is particularly fond of eating together, so at breakfast and dinner we will sit together. So we will sit down. We’ll have breakfast together.
And I will either drop them off or my wife will drop them off at daycare. And then I will go to work. I will probably either just sit by and empty my head or I’ll do some R programming on the commute. I take the train so I can sit there and fix stuff up. Then I’ll get to work, and my mind will be in what we talked about, so I will develop. I will continue developing R packages and whatever, but, of course, in a different context. I’ll be to not that many meetings, but in my mind, sometimes too many meetings. Our group is rather young group and we’re really fond of tabletop football. So we built a shiny app to keep track of our ranking, powered by the Xbox ranking algorithm (TrueSkill). We have a game during the day and have some nice talks. I’ll get home, probably begin preparing dinner, and, yeah.
That’s a standard family kind of day. Pick up the kids, potentially. Make dinner for the kids. Put the kids to bed. Then I’ll have a couple of hours to share with my wife, or just relax, or do R programming. So that’s kind of it.
Nick: Great, that’s cool. We play ping pong at work and a bit, but we haven’t thought to have a ranking system, that sounds fun!
Thomas: So, we have a web app for the phone where you can say which four people will play. And it will generate the teams, and will give a ranking to the potential outcome, and how many points will each person get, depending on whether they win or lose, and all this. And then will be put into our big board where you have all sorts of statistics.
Nick: That’s awesome. Okay. Do you listen to music while you work or code? And if so, what sort of music?
Thomas: Yes, I do. I listen to a lot of music. It can be anything, really. I remember having a Twitter discussion with someone about that. Like, that they wanted music without vocal in it, because it kind of distracts them. For me, it doesn’t really matter. My mind get distracted by ambient noise. So I’m called auditive, in the sense that my ears pick up everything, more or less. So it’s nice to kind of put a lid on it, and just be engulfed in programming.
But for me, there’s no problem in vocal. I hum along with the vocal. I can code as well, and so on. I cannot be in a room where a TV is on. I can sit with my back on the TV, but it doesn’t matter. If there is kind of dialog, if there is some kind event unfolding, then my ears will pick it up. Even if I hate the show, I will not be able to ignore it. It’s horrible for me. But that also means that I quickly get a song under my head, and I quickly learn the lyrics to a song.
So it doesn’t really bother my mind that there is lyrics because I know it already, so I can just kind of subconsciously sing along. And the type of music is everything. I listen to a lot of hip-hop, and a lot of electronic music, and rock, and indie, and whatever. So, really, kind of broad spectrum.
Nick: Is there anything particularly exciting that you’re working on at the moment for 2018?
Thomas: So patchwork was never meant to be more than a tech demo, but it kind of caught on and people seem to be really happy about it. So it’s almost done, more or less. It’s just a lot of my packages are waiting for the next ggplot version to be released. So that’s just kind of sitting there right now. I have some more features that I want to put in, but it was always meant to be kind of this stupidly simply package that kind of had a bit of feature creep, but not that much.
Then, I really want to make a package wrapping the SNAP library, which is a C++ network analysis library. Focused on very high performance. Nothing bad about igraph, but SNAP is really designed to work with networks the size of 100,000 nodes and billions of edges, so it’s really cool.
David Robinson has also kindly asked me to take over gganimate, which I have sort of agreed on, on the terms that I rewrite it completely. Because I have some different thoughts on how the best API is going to be. And then I want to write books. I say that a lot.
So I think, just around New Year, I made three GitHub repositories for three books I want to write. I will never know if…or at some point I will know, if I get the time to do that. With spare time things, it’s kind of…if I begin writing a book, I will not have time to develop packages.
Nick: Mm-hmm, sometimes, they can inform each other. Like, as you flesh out an idea, you start getting better at it.
Thomas: Absolutely, absolutely. No doubt about it. It’s just, it’s a big project. I mean, I blog a bit. Usually, my blog is just package announcement right now. I begin to think that my blog will just be that, because other people are good at making kind of tutorial blogs, and that’s not…I’m not as good at that, but I’m good at writing R packages. So maybe it’s just going to be a collection of announcements. But a book will be much more than that.
Nick: So you said three books?
Thomas: Yeah, so I would like to write a ggplot2 book. There is a lot of ggplot2 books. The reason for this one would be I think ggplot2 is an amazing piece of work, like the code. It’s evolved code over a long time, so it has not necessarily completely beautiful source code to read, but it’s a fantastic example of a really, really involved package, where you just have, like, a huge system that interacts with each other.
So what I would like to write is actually the mechanics of ggplot2, what actually happens. Not how do you build a plot, but what happen when you press enter. Where does your data flow through? Both as a kind of an example of a complex R package, how would you approach this problem, but also just I feel there is a lot of people that actually want to build ggplot2 extensions but it’s daunting to kind of poke at.
I would like to kind of have a book that really described the nerdy, underlying, nitty-gritty details. Not for one that just want to make plots, but want to know how this work. So that’s one of them. The other is I want to write a book about tidygraph and ggraph, like a tidy approach to network analysis.
So just how these two packages interacts, how can you use them to kind of work with network data? Kind of like the tidy text analysis book.
So I have this other kind of ecosystem that I’m managing, which is fiery, which is a web server framework in R. And there is routr, and reqres right now, which kind of extended the functionality or add additional functionality. And I would like to write a book about back end server architecture, seen from the R perspective.
So both because R programmers are not back end developers, they are not necessarily very well versed in how the internet works underneath. I wasn’t, either. I decided to write a server framework so I could learn how.
So, I would like to write a book about just explaining how does the internet work. How can you exploit that in R? Both from fiery point of view, but also going to OpenCPU, and shiny, and all of these other tools, and discuss what the differences are, when you want to use one, and the other.
Nick: That’s so cool. I think that’s it. Thank you for your time!


Invalid codepoints or encodings may be substituted with the value U+fffd.
Generate a string from the provided Unicode codepoints.
Deprecated Use String.fromCharCodes instead.
Encode code points as UTF-8 code units.
Produce a String from a sequence of UTF-16 encoded bytes. This method always strips a leading BOM. Set the replacementCodepoint to null to throw an ArgumentError rather than replace the bad value. The default value for the replacementCodepoint is U+FFFD.
Decodes the UTF-16 bytes as an iterable. Thus, the consumer can only convert as much of the input as needed. Determines the byte order from the BOM, or uses big-endian as a default. This method always strips a leading BOM. Set the replacementCodepoint to null to throw an ArgumentError rather than replace the bad value. The default value for replacementCodepoint is U+FFFD.
Produce a String from a sequence of UTF-16BE encoded bytes. This method strips a leading BOM by default, but can be overridden by setting the optional parameter stripBom to false. Set the replacementCodepoint to null to throw an ArgumentError rather than replace the bad value. The default value for the replacementCodepoint is U+FFFD.
Decodes the UTF-16BE bytes as an iterable. Thus, the consumer can only convert as much of the input as needed. This method strips a leading BOM by default, but can be overridden by setting the optional parameter stripBom to false. Set the replacementCodepoint to null to throw an ArgumentError rather than replace the bad value. The default value for the replacementCodepoint is U+FFFD.
Produce a String from a sequence of UTF-16LE encoded bytes. This method strips a leading BOM by default, but can be overridden by setting the optional parameter stripBom to false. Set the replacementCodepoint to null to throw an ArgumentError rather than replace the bad value. The default value for the replacementCodepoint is U+FFFD.
Decodes the UTF-16LE bytes as an iterable. Thus, the consumer can only convert as much of the input as needed. This method strips a leading BOM by default, but can be overridden by setting the optional parameter stripBom to false. Set the replacementCodepoint to null to throw an ArgumentError rather than replace the bad value. The default value for the replacementCodepoint is U+FFFD.
Produce a String from a sequence of UTF-32 encoded bytes. The parameters allow an offset into a list of bytes (as int), limiting the length of the values be decoded and the ability of override the default Unicode replacement character. Set the replacementCharacter to null to throw an ArgumentError rather than replace the bad value.
Decodes the UTF-32 bytes as an iterable. Thus, the consumer can only convert as much of the input as needed. Determines the byte order from the BOM, or uses big-endian as a default. This method always strips a leading BOM. Set the replacementCharacter to null to throw an ArgumentError rather than replace the bad value.
Produce a String from a sequence of UTF-32BE encoded bytes. The parameters allow an offset into a list of bytes (as int), limiting the length of the values be decoded and the ability of override the default Unicode replacement character. Set the replacementCharacter to null to throw an ArgumentError rather than replace the bad value.
Decodes the UTF-32BE bytes as an iterable. Thus, the consumer can only convert as much of the input as needed. This method strips a leading BOM by default, but can be overridden by setting the optional parameter stripBom to false. Set the replacementCharacter to null to throw an ArgumentError rather than replace the bad value.
Produce a String from a sequence of UTF-32LE encoded bytes. The parameters allow an offset into a list of bytes (as int), limiting the length of the values be decoded and the ability of override the default Unicode replacement character. Set the replacementCharacter to null to throw an ArgumentError rather than replace the bad value.
Decodes the UTF-32LE bytes as an iterable. Thus, the consumer can only convert as much of the input as needed. This method strips a leading BOM by default, but can be overridden by setting the optional parameter stripBom to false. Set the replacementCharacter to null to throw an ArgumentError rather than replace the bad value.
Produce a String from a List of UTF-8 encoded bytes. The parameters can set an offset into a list of bytes (as int), limit the length of the values to be decoded, and override the default Unicode replacement character. Set the replacementCharacter to null to throw an ArgumentError rather than replace the bad value.
Decodes the UTF-8 bytes as an iterable. Thus, the consumer can only convert as much of the input as needed. Set the replacementCharacter to null to throw an ArgumentError rather than replace the bad value.
Produce a list of UTF-16 encoded bytes. This method prefixes the resulting bytes with a big-endian byte-order-marker.
Produce a list of UTF-16BE encoded bytes. By default, this method produces UTF-16BE bytes with no BOM.
Produce a list of UTF-16LE encoded bytes. By default, this method produces UTF-16LE bytes with no BOM.
Produce a list of UTF-32 encoded bytes. This method prefixes the resulting bytes with a big-endian byte-order-marker.
Produce a list of UTF-32BE encoded bytes. By default, this method produces UTF-32BE bytes with no BOM.
Produce a list of UTF-32LE encoded bytes. By default, this method produces UTF-32BE bytes with no BOM.
Produce a sequence of UTF-8 encoded bytes from the provided string.
Identifies whether a List of bytes starts (based on offset) with a byte-order marker (BOM).
Identifies whether a List of bytes starts (based on offset) with a big-endian byte-order marker (BOM).
Identifies whether a List of bytes starts (based on offset) with a little-endian byte-order marker (BOM).
Identifies whether a List of bytes starts (based on offset) with a byte-order marker (BOM).
Identifies whether a List of bytes starts (based on offset) with a big-endian byte-order marker (BOM).
Identifies whether a List of bytes starts (based on offset) with a little-endian byte-order marker (BOM).
Provide a list of Unicode codepoints for a given string.
Return type of decodeUtf16AsIterable and variants. The Iterable type provides an iterator on demand and the iterator will only translate bytes as requested by the user of the iterator. (Note: results are not cached.)
Return type of decodeUtf32AsIterable and variants. The Iterable type provides an iterator on demand and the iterator will only translate bytes as requested by the user of the iterator. (Note: results are not cached.)
Return type of decodeUtf8AsIterable and variants. The Iterable type provides an iterator on demand and the iterator will only translate bytes as requested by the user of the iterator. (Note: results are not cached.)
Convert UTF-16 encoded bytes to UTF-16 code units by grouping 1-2 bytes to produce the code unit (0-(2^16)-1). Relies on BOM to determine endian-ness, and defaults to BE.
Provides a fast way to decode the rest of the source bytes in a single call. This method trades memory for improved speed in that it potentially over-allocates the List containing results.
Moves to the next element. Returns true if current contains the next element. Returns false, if no element was left.
It is safe to invoke moveNext even when the iterator is already positioned after the last element. In this case moveNext has no effect.
An Iterator<int> of codepoints built on an Iterator of UTF-16 code units. The parameters can override the default Unicode replacement character. Set the replacementCharacter to null to throw an ArgumentError rather than replace the bad value.
Moves to the next element. Returns true if current contains the next element. Returns false, if no element was left.
It is safe to invoke moveNext even when the iterator is already positioned after the last element. In this case moveNext has no effect.
Convert UTF-16BE encoded bytes to utf16 code units by grouping 1-2 bytes to produce the code unit (0-(2^16)-1).
Convert UTF-16LE encoded bytes to utf16 code units by grouping 1-2 bytes to produce the code unit (0-(2^16)-1).
Abstrace parent class converts encoded bytes to codepoints.
Moves to the next element. Returns true if current contains the next element. Returns false, if no element was left.
It is safe to invoke moveNext even when the iterator is already positioned after the last element. In this case moveNext has no effect.
Convert UTF-32BE encoded bytes to codepoints by grouping 4 bytes to produce the unicode codepoint.
Convert UTF-32BE encoded bytes to codepoints by grouping 4 bytes to produce the unicode codepoint.
Provides an iterator of Unicode codepoints from UTF-8 encoded bytes. The parameters can set an offset into a list of bytes (as int), limit the length of the values to be decoded, and override the default Unicode replacement character. Set the replacementCharacter to null to throw an ArgumentError rather than replace the bad value. The return value from this method can be used as an Iterable (e.g. in a for-loop).
Decode the remaininder of the characters in this decoder into a List<int>.
Moves to the next element. Returns true if current contains the next element. Returns false, if no element was left.
It is safe to invoke moveNext even when the iterator is already positioned after the last element. In this case moveNext has no effect.
StringTransformer that decodes a stream of UTF-8 encoded bytes.
StringTransformer that UTF-8 encodes a stream of strings.


About me
My name is Brian, and I am a fullstack development student in the UCSD extension program.
I love to solve problems. Whether it's rebuilding engines or making sure a customer leaves happy, I enjoy handling challenges and exploring new methods for solving them. This, and the creativity coding brings are the reasons that have drawn me to the field of web development. My passion for exploring has lead me to a colorful background of experience, from a Bachelors in Psychology to my summers farming oysters in the Pacific Northwest. My exceptional and varied pallet of knowledge provides me the tools to solve problems outside my breadth of expertise, and makes me a valuable member of any team.


Struc2vec
Please select one dataset
Copyright
About Us
Polymerized force graph
Node hierarchy
Exploration graph


window.keepkeyManager = new window.keepkey.KeepKeyManager()
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window.keepkeyManager


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Implementation details
Initialization details
Service parsing
Based on META-INF/spring.handlers
config in dubbo.jar, Spring calls DubboNamespaceHandler
when meeting dubbo namespace.
All Dubbo tags are parsed by DubboBeanDefinitionParser
, based on one to one attribute mapping, the XML label is parsed as a Bean object.
Transfer Bean object to URL, and transfer all attributes of Bean to URL parameters when ServiceConfig.export()
or ReferenceConfig.get()
initialization.
Then pase URL to Protocol extension point, based on Extension point adaptive mechanism of extension point, processing service exposure or reference for different protocols according to URL protocol header.
Service Exposure
1. Only expose service port:
Direct exposing to provider when have not Registry, [^1], the URL format which parsing by ServiceConfig
:
dubbo://service-host/com.foo.FooService?version=1.0.0
.
Based on extension point adaptive mechanism, call export()
method of DubboProtocol
and open server port by identifying dubbo://
protocol header of URL.
2. Expose to Registry:
Expose provider address to Registry [^2], the URL format which parsing by ServiceConfig
: registry://registry-host/org.apache.dubbo.registry.RegistryService?export=URL.encode("dubbo://service-host/com.foo.FooService?version=1.0.0")
，
Based on extension point adaptive mechanism, call export()
method of RegistryProtocol
by identifying registry://
protocol header, register the provider URL parameter of export
to Registry.
Resend to Protocol
extension point to do exposure: dubbo://service-host/com.foo.FooService?version=1.0.0
, then based on extension point adaptive mechanism, call export()
method of DubboProtocol
and open server port by identifying dubbo://
protocol header of provider URL.
Service Reference
1. Direct connect service
Direct connect provider when have not Registry [^3], the URL format which parsing by ReferenceConfig
: dubbo://service-host/com.foo.FooService?version=1.0.0
.
Based on extension point adaptive mechanism, call refer()
method of DubboProtocol
by identifying dubbo://
protocol header of URL, and return provider reference.
2. Service Registry discovery
Discover provider address by Registry [^4], the URL format which parsing by ReferenceConfig
:
registry://registry-host/org.apache.dubbo.registry.RegistryService?refer=URL.encode("consumer://consumer-host/com.foo.FooService?version=1.0.0")
.
Based on extension point adaptive mechanism, call refer()
method of RegistryProtocol
by identifying registry://
protocol header of URL, then based on the condition of parameter of refer
to search provider URL, for example: dubbo://service-host/com.foo.FooService?version=1.0.0
.
Then based on extension point adaptive mechanism, call refer()
method of DubboProtocol
to get provider reference by identifying dubbo://
protocol header of provider URL.
Then RegistryProtocol
disguise various provider references to single provider by Cluster
extension point and return.
Service Filter
Based on extension point adaptive mechanism, all Protocol
extension points are auto wrapped Wrapper
class.
Based on ProtocolFilterWrapper
class, make all Filter
as chain, call the real reference at the end of the chain.
Based on ProtocolListenerWrapper
class, make all InvokerListener
and ExporterListener
as list, perform call back before and after exposure and reference.
All additional functions would be implementated by Filter
, including Monitor.
RPC details
The detail process of exposing service by service provider
The above image shows the main process of exposing service by service provider:
First ServiceConfig
class get the actual class ref
that provides service(e.g. 如：HelloWorldImpl), then generating a AbstractProxyInvoker
instance by the getInvoker
method of ProxyFactory
class, to this step, complete the transformation of specific service to Invoker
, next is the process of converting Invoker
to Exporter
.
The key of Dubbo processing service exposure is the process of converting Invoker
to Exporter
, the red part in the above image. Here we introduce the implementation of the two typical protocols, Dubbo and RMI:
Dubbo implementation
The transformation from Invoker
of Dubbo protocol to Exporter
takes place in the export
method of DubboProtocol
class, it mainly opens the socket to listen service and receive all kinds of requests sent by the client, and the communication details are implementated by Dubbo itself.
RMI implementation
The transformation from Invoker
of RMI protocol to Exporter
takes place in the export
method of RmiProtocol
class, the RMI service is implementated by Spring, Dubbo or JDK, and the communication details are implementated by JDK, which saves a lot of work.
The detail process of serving service for service consumer
The above image is the main process of service consumption:
First, the init
method of ReferenceConfig
class calls the refer
method of Protocol
to generate Invoker
instance(such as the red part in the above image), which is the key of service consumption. Then the Invoker
is converted to the interface required by the client (such as: HelloWorld).
For each protocol such as RMI/Dubbo/Web service, the details they call refer
method generate Invoker
instance are similar to the previous section.
Invoker everywhere
Because of Invoker
is a very important concept in the Dubbo domain model, many of the design ideas are close to it. This makes Invoker
permeate the entire implementation code, and it's really easy to mix up for people who have just started Dubbo.
Let's use a simple image below to describe the 2 important Invoker
: service provider Invoker
and service consumer Invoker
:
To better explain the above image, we provide the below code examples of service consumption and providers:
Service consumer code:
public class DemoClientAction {
private DemoService demoService;
public void setDemoService(DemoService demoService) {
this.demoService = demoService;
}
public void start() {
String hello = demoService.sayHello("world");
}
}
The DemoService
in above code is the proxy of service consumer in above image, user can call Invoker
[^5] which implementate the real RPC by the proxy.
Service provider code:
public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {
public String sayHello(String name) throws RemoteException {
return "Hello " + name;
}
}
The above class would be encapsulated to be a AbstractProxyInvoker
instance, and create a new Exporter
instance, then find corresponding Exporter
instance and call its corresponding AbstractProxyInvoker
instance when network communication layer recieve request, so that real call service provider code. There are some other Invoker
classes, but the above 2 are the most important.
Remote communication details
Protocol header agreement
Thread dispatch model
- Dispather:
all
,direct
,message
,execution
,connection
- ThreadPool:
fixed
,cached
[^1]: is <dubbo:service regisrty="N/A" />
or <dubbo:registry address="N/A" />
[^2]: is <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://<IP_ADDRESS>:2181" />
[^3]: is <dubbo:reference url="dubbo://service-host/com.foo.FooService?version=1.0.0" />
[^4]: is <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://<IP_ADDRESS>:2181" />
[^5]: is one of DubboInvoker
, HessianRpcInvoker
, InjvmInvoker
, RmiInvoker
, WebServiceInvoker


HODLdeck
Setup
Connect your HODLdeck device to a USB power adapter.
Set up your HODLdecks WIFI connection.
Enter the magic words from your HODLdeck display and the PUBLIC address of your stellar wallet.
Magic Words
Public Key
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Amount
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java.util.Properties
objects:
put()
putIfAbsent()
putAll()
get()
For historical reasons, java.util.Properties
inherits from java.util.Hashtable
,
but using these methods is discouraged to prevent pollution of properties with values of types other than String
.
Calls to java.util.Properties.putAll()
won't get reported when
both the key and the value parameters in the map are of the String
type.
Such a call is safe and no better alternative exists.
Example:
Object f(Properties props) {
props.put("hello", "world");
props.putIfAbsent("hello", "world");
props.putAll(new HashMap<>());
return props.get("Hello");
}
After the quick-fix is applied:
Object f(Properties props) {
props.setProperty("hello", "world");
props.putIfAbsent("hello", "world");
props.putAll(new HashMap<>());
return props.getProperty("hello");
}


Try it!
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Ordance
Finance
Police
Fire
Health
Education
Transportation
Enter the message:
I have no advice at this time.
Display it:
Show the advisor
Other examples
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5


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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam viverra euismod odio, gravida pellentesque urna varius vitae.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Fugit aliquam aperiam nulla perferendis dolor nobis numquam, rem expedita, aliquid optio, alias illum eaque. Non magni, voluptates quae, necessitatibus unde temporibus.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam viverra euismod odio, gravida pellentesque urna varius vitae.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Fugit aliquam aperiam nulla perferendis dolor nobis numquam, rem expedita, aliquid optio, alias illum eaque. Non magni, voluptates quae, necessitatibus unde temporibus.


OWN GOAL
Shoppers spot embarrassing error as Sainsbury’s squash put on the shelves in Tesco
by Eleanor LangfordA BOTTLE of Sainsbury’s own-brand squash was spotted somewhere unusual by one shopper - on the shelves in Tesco.
The bottle and contents of the Sainsbury’s squash look almost identical to the Tesco own-brand version, with the only difference being the labels for two entirely different supermarkets.
This gaffe was spotted by Demi Boonham from Lichfield, who posted a snap in the Reduce Your Supermarket Spend Facebook group with the caption “spot the error”.
In the photo, a single summer fruits squash with a Sainsbury’s label can be seen among several others with Tesco labels.
Many users speculated that the mistake showed that both stores were stocking the exact same product, with the manufacturer simply changing the label.
One commenter said: “Just goes to show that some brands are actually the same.”
In fact, near identical bottles of this squash are available in Asda, Morrisons, Tesco, Sainsburys and Co Op.
As well as looking similar, the products also have near-identical ingredient lists and nutritional information.
It is not clear how the Sainsbury’s own brand product came to be on the shelves at Tesco.
Some commenters also shared their experiences of finding own-brand products in the wrong supermarket.
One user wrote: “I got broccoli with a Sainsbury’s label on in Tesco the other day and the cashier thought I'd planted it.”
Another said: “I bought Sainsbury's milk in Aldi once before.”
And, it seems supermarkets make the error with home deliveries also, one person said: “I got Morrison’s gluten free sausages in my Tesco delivery once.”
We have contacted both Tesco and Sainsbury’s for comment and will update this story when we get a response.
Own-brand may be cheaper, but a Sun Money investigation found that supermarket beans have 50 per cent less beans than named brands.
But, this £12 bottle of Champagne from Lidl was named by experts as on par with fancy brands like Veuve Clicquot.
If you find a Rudolph sweet in your Percy Pigs from M&S you could win £50.


The name of the author of this entry is William Shakespeare. There is no extra information available about him on this page, just his name is the correct answer.
This page shows an h-entry
, with a p-author
property containing just text.


The Replacement Killers (18)
For a good ten years or so, super cool Chow Yun Fat has enjoyed god hood status in the Hong Kong Action Scene. Now, he has followed in the footsteps of Director John Woo, (who launched Chow's super stardom in the acclaimed 'A Better Tomorrow') by moving to Hollywood. I had some reservations about this move and it would seem I was right to have them.
Chow plays a hitman who is doing jobs in order to repay a debt.  This he refuses do and runs. However, he is forced into a violent confrontation when his family are threatned and replacement killers are brought in to do the job.
Cue around 80 minutes of various and quite frankly tedious shoot- outs which take place in various locations. Some thought had gone into making them a bit different but unfortunately they end up being just plain boring.  Tut tut. The emphasis during the constant action seemed to be on the accompanying music, (I could have sworn one piece was ripped out of a Bruckheimer movie) and not on the content. Mia Sorvino (a passport forger) is dragged into the affay and also provides a lame love interest as well as being rather handy with a gun.
Director Antoine Arqua has clearly not observed Chow's excellent acting capabilties and simply requires him to mutter a few lines of broken english and look flash as he stands and shoots. Chow's trademark of twin pistol shooting is saved for the finale (which in fairness is quite good) and there's not even a toothpick in site.
To round up, The Replacement Killers is a pretty darned lame first outing for Chow. It would appear he has left Asia for a 90 minute pop video. This is not what we wanted at all, considering John Woo was the exec producer. (did he have NO say so at all?) Watch 'The Killer' again and weep at the difference.
2/10
Review by Chris Hill. "There's room at the top, they are telling you still, but first you must learn how to smile as you kill, if you want to be like the folks on the hill."
- J.Lennon -
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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An own goal? 15 Nov 2019, 10:00 by Mike Richardson Share This Article Tweet ShareShareShare Subscribe to our FREE Newsletter Tags


Sample kolejka.conf with test server configuration is available here.
To use it, simply download it and place in the subfolder .config/kolejka in your home folder.
mkdir -p "${HOME}/.config/kolejka" curl -s -L -o "${HOME}/.config/kolejka/kolejka.conf" "https://kolejka.matinf.uj.edu.pl/config/kolejka.conf"
Kolejka system is now able to use almost any docker image as a task image.
There is no need for kolejka system images anymore.
We still provide images (kolejka/satori:{judge,extended,cuda}) for satori testing at Docker Hub.
Project is available for download from pypi.
pip3 install KolejkaWorker KolejkaClient
The project ubuntu package repository is available on Launchpad.
To use the repository, first install Docker:
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-key 7EA0A9C3F273FCD8 sudo add-apt-repository --update "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(grep CODENAME /etc/lsb-release |cut -d = -f 2) stable" sudo apt-get install docker-ceThen add PPA repository and install Kolejka Client and Worker packages:
sudo add-apt-repository --update ppa:kolejka/kolejka sudo apt-get install python3-kolejkaworker python3-kolejkaclient
The source code of the webpage is available on GitHub.
This site is under construction.
The source code of the project is available on GitHub.
Computational grid is operational, but not released to the public yet.
Kolejka is a lightweight task scheduling platform developed for a small computational grid at Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków.
The system is intended to unify and supersede satori and baca computational grids.


Mipui Developer Guide
Mipui is a free web app for creating and editing maps for tabletop and role-playing games. This is the developer's guide; for a proper "about" page see the main site, or just jump right into the editor.
Implementation
Mipui is a hobby project implemented by just one developer with little background in web development; please don't judge the code quality :-) in particular while some areas underwent extensive planning (like operation_center.js) others were completely hacked together in an hurry (like menu.js).
It's a client-side web application, written entirely in Javascript. The server-side database is handled using Firebase. With the exception of Firebase and a couple of Javascript libraries used for exporting to image, no external code libraries are used.
Some Implementation Pointers
- Gestures are used for drawing content on the map; but content can also come from non-gesture sources (e.g. loaded from the server), so every cell must know how to correctly draw its content even when no gestures are involved. This is why cells contain the "setImage", "setText" etc. methods, instead of those being a part of the image or text gestures.
- Map synchronization is guaranteed by serializing the operations, so all clients agree on the order of all operations. Never break that invariant.
- Two important global variables are content (from content.js) and state (from state.js). Go over these if you plan on doing any changes to content saved on the map.
- Methods and fields which are intended to only be used inside the declaring class are marked with trailing underscore_ (but I occasionally break this convention myself).
Firebase Servers
There are three live firebase database repositories: mipui-prod, mipui-dev and mipui-test.
- mipui-prod is the repository serving the live version at mipui.net. Never use that repository.
- mipui-dev is the repository used for development. Feel free to use that repository when testing any changes. This is the default repository used when developing the app locally. Information in this repository might get wiped from time to time, though, so don't rely on it for long-term storage.
- mipui-test is used for running unit tests. Please immediately clean any information you create there.
Programmatic map manipulation
Maps can be saved and loaded in .mipui format, which is a JSON that encodes state._pstate
(see state.js
). To understand its format, go over content.js
.
props
maps keys of typepk
to various map property values, such as map name and dimensions.content
encodes cell keys to cell values; cell values are a mapping of layer index to layer values; layer values are a mapping of content keys to content values, with the keys listed inck
.- All content maps always contain the
kind
andvariation
keys; their values are indices in thect
structure. - Entities that span multiple cells (e.g. text area) have their content stored in the top-left cell only. The top-left cell will also contain the key of the bottom-right cell. All other cells contain the key of the top-left cell.
Warning: the server is not hardened against malformed files, so manipulating a map can make it invalid and bring it to a state in which it could no longer be succesfully loaded.
License
This software is published under an MIT license.Testing
Testing is mostly manual, though a couple of tricky-to-test components have their own sets of unit tests. As a personal challenge I tried to write them without any test framework;I know it's a terrible practice but I just wanted to try. I do recommend using existing frameworks!


Mappings for the StructureDefinition-nswhealthitocallergyintolerance Profile.
| NSWHealthiTOCAllergyIntolerance |
| AllergyIntolerance | Entity. Role, or Act, Observation[classCode=OBS, moodCode=EVN] |
| text | Act.text? |
| contained | N/A |
| extension | N/A |
| modifierExtension | N/A |
| identifier | id |
| clinicalStatus | Observation ACT .inboundRelationship[typeCode=COMP].source[classCode=OBS, code="clinicalStatus", moodCode=EVN].value |
| verificationStatus | Observation ACT .inboundRelationship[typeCode=COMP].source[classCode=OBS, code="verificationStatus", moodCode=EVN].value |
| type | code |
| category | value < IntoleranceValue (Agent) |
| criticality | inboundRelationship[typeCode=SUBJ].source[classCode=OBS, moodCode=EVN, code=SEV, value <= SeverityObservation (Severity Level)] |
| code | substance/product:
.participation[typeCode=CAGNT].role[classCode=ADMM].player[classCode=MAT, determinerCode=KIND, code <= ExposureAgentEntityType]
negated/excluded substance/product:
.participation[typeCode=CAGNT, negationInd=true].role[classCode=ADMM].player[classCode=MAT, determinerCode=KIND, code <= ExposureAgentEntityType]
positive or negated/excluded condition/situation:
Observation.code=ASSERTION; Observation.value |
| patient | .participation[typeCode=SBJ].role[classCode=PAT] |
| encounter | .inboundRelationship[typeCode=COMP].source[classCode=ENC, moodCode=EVN] |
| onset[x] | effectiveTime.low |
| recordedDate | .participation[typeCode=AUT].time |
| recorder | .participation[typeCode=AUT].role |
| asserter | .participation[typeCode=INF].role |
| lastOccurrence | outBoundRelationship[typeCode=SUBJ].target[classCode=OBS, moodCode=EVN, code <= CommonClinicalObservationType, value <= ObservationValue (Reaction Type)].effectiveTime |
| note | subjectOf.observationEvent[code="annotation"].value |
| reaction | outBoundRelationship[typeCode=SUBJ].target[classCode=OBS, moodCode=EVN, code <= CommonClinicalObservationType, value <= ObservationValue (Reaction Type)] |
| id | n/a |
| extension | n/a |
| modifierExtension | N/A |
| substance | outBoundRelationship[typeCode=SAS].target[classCode=SBADM, code <= ExposureCode].participation[typeCode=CSM].role[classCode=ADMM].player[classCode=MAT, determinerCode=KIND, code <= ExposureAgentEntityType] |
| manifestation | code |
| description | text |
| onset | effectiveTime.low |
| severity | inboundRelationship[typeCode=SUBJ].source[classCode=OBS, moodCode=EVN, code=SEV, value <= SeverityObservation (Severity Level)] |
| exposureRoute | outBoundRelationship[typeCode=SAS].target[classCode=SBADM, code <= ExposureCode].routeCode |
| note | subjectOf.observationEvent[code="annotation"].value |


>
Vacatiob Suggester
Don't listen to what they say. Go see
Fill this form and discover your ideal vacation destinations
Home
Destinations
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Contact Us
Name:
Country:
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If you like this project consider supporting it by donating your time to help and support other users.
Thank you for using Valetudo


class documentation
class _BoxConstraintsTransformationTemplate(BoxConstraintsTransformationBase):
copy/paste this template to implement a new boundary handling transformation
| Method | __init__ |
Undocumented |
| Method | initialize |
initialize in base class |
| Class Variable | __doc__ |
Undocumented |
| Method | _inverse |
Undocumented |
| Method | _transform |
Undocumented |
Inherited from BoxConstraintsTransformationBase
:
| Method | __call__ |
Undocumented |
| Method | bounds |
return [ith_lower_bound, ith_upper_bound] |
| Method | inverse |
Undocumented |
| Method | shift |
return the reference solution that has the same box_constraints_transformation(solution) value, i.e. tf.shift_or_mirror_into_invertible_domain(x) = tf.inverse(tf.transform(x)). This is an idempotent mapping (leading to the same result independent how often it is repeatedly applied). |
| Instance Variable | bounds |
Undocumented |
| Method | _index |
Undocumented |
| Method | _lowerupperval |
Undocumented |
| Instance Variable | _lb |
Undocumented |
| Instance Variable | _ub |
Undocumented |


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block body %}
Welcome to MovieWeb. Check out the most popular movies and users or login to see ratings and recommendations.


I am completely fascinated with language, there are endless ways which we can express ourselves with what we write and speak. I derive a great sense of self from writing code in different programming styles and languages, as well as communicating with others in spoken language. I seek to learn, understand and communicate through many more.
A single-page, fully responsive React/Redux music playlist app built on RESTful Rails architecture. When a user selects a playlist, it holds the selected playlist in application state, independent of an asynchronous call, allowing the user to use the site while playing a song without interruption. The image and song storage are hosted on Cloudinary.
QT-Kompressor is a single-page application utilizing React/Redux, Node.js, and MongoDB to demonstrate the workings of the quadtree data structure. By recursively decomposing an image into quadrants by similar colors, it can render a compressed version of the image. When breaking down based on looser thresholds, these flattened regions are illustrative of the underlying structure.
Single page visual representation of Michael Bach's Color Wheel Illusion. A wheel of dots is placed, each dot level has 12 dots separated by 30 degrees (360 degrees total). The Cine-Reel utilizes vanilla JavaScript for the controls and D3.js for SVG object placement and attribute alteration.
Feel free to email me about any of my projects, what I can do for your company, or to say hello!


Christmas ham prices may soar in Australia
by AAPAustralians may have to fork out up to 60 per cent more for their Christmas hams due to a shortage of pork set to hurt the hip pocket, an industry guru says.

“There definitely is a shortage of pork around the world. The last two years, the actual hams at Christmas have been fairly cheap,” the pig farmer told 3AW radio.
© AAP 2019


Ticoult1282.github.io
Udir/c Voyager U845Wifi Handbuch.
Udir/c Voyager U845Wifi Handbuch and Homedics Sbm-210Ha-2Eu Handbuch.


Hi people!
I'm installing solar power with a grid tied system and I would like, at least during the day, to prevent my both fridges to work at the same time in order to be able, when possible, to feed them with the solar energy.
My idea is a small autonomous circuit with two relays that works like this:
At start the two relays are closed (passing current) to both fridges, but as soon as one of the fridges starts working (for example when power exceeds 30W or 130mA) the circuit opens (disconnects) the other relay for the other fridge and only closes it again when the consumption stops.
My both fridges consume about 60 to 90 W, one turns on about 15-20 minutes one time per hour and the other about 20-25 minutes one time per hour, so this schema would prevent grid consumption most of the times because would keep this two devices always under 100W when without a system like this they would go up to 120-180W, in association with other home appliances, consuming more then the production.
What do you think about this idea?
Is there an easy approach with little circuitry, mostly passive, to obtain this?
Cheers.
Re: Multi fridge "alternator".
If it works, it sounds like a good idea, BUT you need to be very careful to ensure that both fridges keep their contents at a safe temperature at all times. So in that respect you need to design your control scheme so that it fails safe, and that almost certainly means that if anything goes wrong, both fridges will be enabled and turn on if their thermostats demand it.
"My both fridges consume about 60 to 90 W..." They might do when running, but you must not forget the inrush current, and the fact that you have an inductive load. Ensure that your relay contacts have adequate rating for both voltage and current.
You also need to nominate one as the 'priority' device, so that in the event of both trying to start simultaneously, they don't both attempt to cut the other one off.
Without re-manufacturing relays with coil windings that carry the operating current of your fridge, and that is something that could be both difficult and potentially dangerous, I cannot think of a way to do this without active components.
Re: Multi fridge "alternator".
Hummm
I understand your fail safe, If one of the devices goes bad and never stops working the other one will be keept off, this is not good, some kind of of timer must be put in action and if one hour with the relay off is reached to turn in on even if the other one is still off.
It has the have some kind of active components to control things.
I think a regular 5V ou 12V coil and 10A can do the job, but has to be controlled with some electronics.
My first idea was to use a simple clock that would alternate every half an hour or 45 minutes... Then I came with this one because it wouldn't be good to turn the fridge off before the cooling cycle was finished in case it was only started close to the end of the clock change...
Cheers.


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Many years working with a wide variety of students from many countries and many universities have given me invaluable experience.
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Sacredboard: Run Viewer
Experiments Run Overview
Legend: █ Running,
█ Completed,
█ Failed,
█ Interrupted,
█ Probably dead,
█ Queued
|
Experiment name |
Start time |
Last activity |
Hostname |
Result |
{% for run in runs %}
{% endfor %}


Editor Extensions
Features
- Allows levels of symmetry from 1 to 50
- Adds rotational/angle snapping at 1,5,15,30,45,90 degrees.
- Toggle vertical snap mode.
- Toggle part clipping (Use with caution, from the cheat options)
- Toggle radial attachment of parts
- Toggle between SPH/Runway and VAB/Launchpad editor modes
- Reset hangar camera
Keybindings
- V - Toggle vertical snap
- X, Shift+X - Increase/Decrease symmetry level
- Alt+X - Reset symmetry level
- C, Shift+C - Increase/Decrease angle snap
- Alt+C - Reset angle snap
- Alt+R - Toggle radial/surface attachment. For all parts, and when a part is selected, will toggle surface attachment even when that part's config usually does not allow it
- Alt+Z - Toggle part clipping (CAUTION: This is a cheat option)
- Space - When no part is selected, resets camera pitch and heading (straight ahead and level)
- Tab - Toggles between VAB/SPH editor modes, and toggles launching to runway or launchpad.
Released under MIT license.
GitHub repo: https://github.com/MachXXV/EditorExtensions
Version History
1.1 - 2 April 2014
- Merged changes from forum user Ratzap
- Updated plugin to use KSPAddonFixed
- Code cleanup
- Re-enabled VAB size increase
1.0 beta 2 April 2014
- Recompiled against 23.5 binaries and latest frameworks
0.6 Beta - 5 August 2013
- Symmetry mode will not wrap/loop around at maximum and minimum - stops at 50 on the way up with X, stops at 1 on the way down with Shift+X. Alt+X resets to 1
0.5 Beta - 24 July 2013
- Fixed compatibility with 0.21
- Disabled VAB/SPH size modifications no longer working in 0.21
- Removed feature to ingore hotkeys in ship name window no longer working in 0.21
0.4 Alpha - 8 July 2013
- Added on-screen messages when settings are toggled.
- Space resets camera when no part is selected
- Tab toggles between VAB and SPH editor modes while staying in the same building, and toggles launching to runway/launchpad.
- Alt+C resets angle snap
- Consolidated surface/radial attachment toggle to just use Alt+R and be context aware for when a part is selected
0.3 Alpha - 5 July 2013
- Added 1 degree to the angle snap options
- Improved veritcal snap toggle behavior - automatically enables angle snap when vertical snap is enabled
- Fixed radial/surface attachment toggling
- Alt+R toggles normal surface attachment for all parts
- Shift+Alt+R toggles surface attachment for the selected part, and also enables parts that usually can't be attached to a non-node surface (like hub connectors)
0.2 Alpha - 4 July 2013
- Added VAB/SPH interior space/camera limit increase
- Known issues:
- Radial/surface attachment not toggling properly.
0.1 Alpha - 2 July 2013 - Initial release
- Basic features implemented.
- Known issues:
- Radial/surface attachment not toggling properly.
- Spaceplane hangar mode not tested
- Mirror symmetry not tested
- (Non-breaking/not user affecting) Debug log reports an error for out of bounds sprite animation when symmetry mode > 8
- (Non-breaking/not user affecting) Debug log reports DivideByZero exception when angle snap is set to 0 and there is a part selected.


Package org.apache.commons.lang.reflect offers a collection of utility classes that assist in reflection. The aim is to create a simple, clean and clear API which can be built upon on by more sophisticated introspection schemes as well as fixes for bugs found in various java implementations.
These determine which methods are in scope
The Java Language Specification Rules are those that are given in the Java Language Specification as applied by the compiler. The aim of those methods who contract is given as the Java Language Specification is to behave in an identical manner to compiled code. In other words, any code that would compile should be found by reflection and any code that would not should not
This aim is actually easier said than done for some java versions. The reflection implementation is slow and buggy. If you are using one of these easier java versions, then you will probably find our code more reliable than the standard java implementation.