Introduction
This part of the documentation is about Numbas’ JME system.
JME expressions are used by students to enter answers to algebraic questions, and by question authors to define variables.
JME syntax is similar to what you’d type on a calculator.
Function search
Data types
Technical information
This section describes the various algorithms used in the process of interpreting, manipulating and evaluating mathematical expressions written in JME syntax, as a reference for those extending or modifying the system. There is also be some discussion of the design decisions made about data structures and interfaces.
Parsing a JME expression
Numbas.jme.compile
takes a string representing a mathematical expression and returns a syntax tree.
Compilation consists of:
tokenize
the string (convert string of characters to a list of tokens representing syntactical elements)shunt
the tokens into an evaluation tree corresponding to the expressiontypecheck
all operations in the tree, if required
Tokenizing step
Tokenizing an expression string consists of scanning across it, recognising substrings as tokens, and storing them in a list in the same order as they were found.
The algorithm: (parameter: expr
– a string representing the expression)
While expr
is not the empty string:
- trim whitespace off the beginning of
expr
- test the string against regular expressions for each type of token. They match only from the beginning of the string, and are greedy (they match as long a string as possible)
- create a token object of the appropriate type, and add in any implicit tokens (e.g. a multiplication operation between adjacent variable names)
- chop the matched string off the start of
expr
Every token object has a type
property. Additionally, data types (string, number, etc.) have a value
property, while operations, functions and variables have a name
property.
The objects used to represent tokens are the same as the data objects used when evaluating expressions, in order to avoid a conversion step.
The recognised token types are these:
number
: a number, real or complex.string
: a string of characters.boolean
: true or false.list
: an array of data objects of any type.range
: a closed range of numbers, either continuous or discrete.name
: a variable name. Function names are first tokenised as this type of object, before the shunt phase.function
: a function. This type can not be produced by the tokenizer, but is created during the shunt phase.op
: a binary or unary operation.special
: a special character. (I think this is just a relic from i-assess, in order to produce things like greek symbols. MathJax and unicode are used now instead)conc
: a virtual operation representing concatenation of two special characters. Again, no longer used.(
)
,
[
]
: punctuation characters.
The constructors for these data types are stored in Numbas.jme.types
Here is a (potentially incomplete) list of the extra fiddling that tokenize
does with expressions, to be more accepting of student input:
- extraneous whitespace is removed, so you can put as many spaces between operators and operands as you like
- right bracket followed by a number, eg
)3
, has a multiplication operator inserted in the middle:)*3
- number or right bracket followed by a left bracket has a multiplication operator inserted in the middle
+
preceded by(
,
or another operator, or at the start of an expression, is interpreted as unary plus.- the name of a builtin function prepended with a single-letter variable name, eg
xsin
, is interpreted as a multiplication, likex*sin
- built-in constants
e
,pi
andi
are replaced with their respective number values.
Syntactical errors are caught at this stage — invalid characters, etc. cause the tokenising process to fail. Grammatical errors, such as unmatched brackets, are not caught yet.
Shunting step
Once the expression has been converted into a list of tokens, it is “shunted” into an abstract syntax tree.
The algorithm began life as the shunting yard algorithm, which produces an expression in RPN, but I eventually decided it was better just to go straight to a tree structure.
The output of the shunt
algorithm is an “expression tree” object with two properties: tok
and args
.
tok
is the corresponding token object created in the tokenising step, so either a primitive data type (eg number), or an operation or function.
args
is a list of arguments, if the token is an operation or function. The arguments are also expression tree objects, of the same form.
Typecheck step
The final step is to check whether the expression can be evaluated. This consists of looking at every operation and function call in the expression, checking that there is a corresponding definition taking the right number and type of arguments.
As a side effect of this process, the relevant javascript code is attached to the nodes on the tree, so they don’t have to be looked up for each evaluation.
If there are free variables in the expression, they are marked as unbound, which makes substituting in values a bit quicker when the expression finally does get evaluated.
The typecheck
step is optional – if the compiled expression is only ever going to be displayed and not evaluated, it is unnecessary.
Substituting values into a JME expression
The function Numbas.jme.substituteTree
takes a compiled JME syntax tree and a dictionary of variable values to substitute in, and returns a copy of the tree with the given values substituted in appropriately.
The values to be substituted should be either syntax trees themselves, or single data objects created from Numbas.jme.types
.
A deep copy of the tree is made, so that the original can be re-used, and then the copy is traversed depth-first. Whenever an object of type name
is encountered, the corresponding value from the dictionary of values is inserted at that point.
If the dictionary does not contain a value for a particular variable, the operation fails, unless the parameter allowUnbound
is true
, in which case the name
token is left in place.
Evaluating a JME expression
Numbas.jme.evaluate
takes either a string expression or a syntax tree, and dictionaries of variables and functions to substitute into the expression.
If the given expression is a string, it is compiled to a syntax tree. The variables
and functions
parameters can be omitted if not needed.
First of all, the given variables are subsituted into the tree, as described above. Then, Numbas.jme.bind
is run on the tree to attach any new functions or operations substituted in.
Finally, the tree is evaluated to a single value. The token at the top of the tree is inspected, and what happens depends on what type it is.
- Tokens of type
number
,boolean
andrange
are returned without modification. string
tokens are passed throughNumbas.jme.contentsubvars
before being returned. Sincecontentsubvars
applies the Textile parser, you might want to remove this step if you just want to deal with mathematical expressions.list
tokens have each item evaluated before being returned.- If the top of the tree is an
op
or afunction
token, the relevant bit of code is evaluated, and should return a token object fromNumbas.jme.types
. Note that the arguments to the operation are not evaluated in advance; this allows for “lazy evaluation” of things like conditional statements or recursive algorithms.
The function which evaluates an operation should take three arguments: args
, variables
and functions
. The args
are the arguments of the operation, and the other two parameters are needed in case some string substitution needs to happen.
Functions are free to evaluate all, some, or none of their arguments, using Numbas.jme.evaluate
.
Extending and customising the JME system
The JME system has been designed to be fairly easily customised. In particular, new functions can be added very easily. It should also be quite straightforward to add new data types.
Adding a new function
Exam authors can define new functions in the .exam file using JME syntax. These are passed through to the compile
and evaluate
steps by the Numbas runtime.
When writing an extension, however, it’s easier just to write a function in pure javascript and add it to the list of builtin functions. To do that, write your function in javascript, and then create a funcObj
object to go with it:
function addtwo(n) { return n+2; }
new Numbas.jme.funcObj('addtwo', [TNum], TNum, addtwo);
The arguments for the funcObj
constructor are:
name
– the name used to call the function in JME expressionsintype
– an array ofNumbas.jme.types
constructors, saying which types the arguments to the function must be. You can use the string'?'
instead of a type constructor if an argument can be of any type, or if you want to do your own typechecking.outcons
– the constructor to use on the value your function returns. Again, this should be one of the constructors fromNumbas.jme.types
.fn
– your javascript function
Adding a new data type
The constructors for data types are stored in Numbas.jme.types
. They’re just normal javascript object constructors (see the MDN page on the new operation), with an extra property called type
. Normally, a data element’s value is stored in a property called value
, though this is not required: for example, TFunc
elements have a property called name
.
Once you’ve created a new data type, you can add functions to construct and use elements of that type. If you’re adventurous, you could add some code to the tokeniser to parse literals of your new type.


Classes
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Rules
Bring water, mat, and towel
Be prepared to work hard and sweat it out.
Zero tolerance for intolerance- these are safe spaces. Always.
Get There!
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Alternative apps to get round London after Uber loses its licence
Uber has been stripped of its London licence once again, but what does this mean for the millions of people using the taxi app in the capital?
Transport for London says it found ‘several breaches’ that placed ‘passengers and their safety at risk’ so refused to renew Uber’s licence.
You can still book an Uber, however, as the taxi giant is appealing the decision and its drivers will be allowed to operate during the appeal process.
But with many Londoners questioning the ‘safety’ of London’s top transport app, they may start looking at the alternatives.
Luckily for them, they are not short of options.
Bolt
Bolt had a very turbulent start to life in London. Transport for London cut short its launch in 2017 after just a few days for failing to get the right licencing.
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The app, formerly known as Taxify, relaunched earlier this year and it already has over 30,000 drivers on its books.
Bolt is pretty much identical to Uber but rides start with a £2.50 base fee, plus £1.25 per mile and £0.15 per minute.
However, Bolt drivers have unionised and are protesting to increase fares to £2 per mile.

ViaVan is cheaper than your standard Uber and you won’t feel guilty about polluting London’s atmosphere with your solo journey.
The Uber rival says it’s already saved millions of taxi miles thanks to its pooling feature, and it was granted a three-year licence by TfL in July, so it’s here to stay.
Kapten
Kapten is a relative newcomer on London’s crowded e-taxi scene.
Both Daimler and BMW have pumped millions into the French start-up to rival Uber in London, so you may have noticed the wave of Kapten adverts across the capital.
It launched in May this year with an eye-catching offer of 50 per cent off new rides.
Customers have since been offered £2 off their first five rides.
Kapten says it saves riders £2 per trip by covering the congestion charge for its 16,000 drivers.
Wheely
This is one for the ballers who don’t bat an eye at paying a bit more for Uber’s premium Lux service.
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Wheely offers a chauffeur car service in a new Mercedes-Benz so it’s more like having a personal driver than being in taxi.
Russian entrepreneur Anton Chirkunov founded the app in 2012. All of its drivers are picked through an accreditation process to ensure the highest level of service.
However, it’s had a bit of a hectic history since launching in Moscow, Paris and London.
According to the Financial Times, Wheely pulled out of the UK capital after failing to compete with Addison Lee, but then re-launched in 2018 with a plan to attract drivers away from Uber.
Gett
Or you can try Gett, which offers completely flat pricing and works with licenced taxi drivers.
It’s one of the few UK ride-hailing services that operates outside London.
Gett is available in Edinburgh, Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, Glasgow, Leeds, Oxford, Cambridge, Reading, Slough, Milton Keynes, Brighton, Bristol, Bath, Cardiff, Portsmouth, Bournemouth, Leicester, Coventry, Sheffield, Nottingham, Bradford, Hull, and Newcastle.
Kabbee
Kabbee pitches itself as being the cheaper alternative to a black cab – 65% cheaper to be exact.
It chooses cars from more than 70 providers, giving users access to 10,000 London cabs.
All drivers are licenced and selected from minicab services with high ratings. Any with low ratings get removed from the service.
The service is currently only available in London though, which is still great for Londoners looking for an Uber alternative.
Free Now
Taxi-hailing app Free Now is one of the largest e-hailing companies in Europe and was previously known as Hailo and MyTaxi.
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Free Now has hundreds of thousands of registered taxi drivers in over 100 European cities, including Barcelona, Berlin, Dublin, Paris, and 17,000 black cabs in London.
It’s pretty similar to Uber in the way it works – you can order a taxi to your location almost immediately and have it paid for using the app.
The main difference is that taxis are licenced and you won’t get hit with a shocking surge price when demand is high.
Addison Lee
Many of us forget but before Uber, Addison Lee was the biggest minicab company in the UK.
The company has been working hard to keep up with the changing customer habits since Uber appeared on the scene, by updating its mobile app and the way you can order a cab.
You can order cabs directly from their app without having to do it the old-fashioned way by calling the taxi company.
It’s considered a great alternative to Uber when surge pricing is on, or for booking airport transfers ahead of time, and is popular with corporate clients that want fixed pricing.
The only downside of Addison Lee is that it’s not available outside of London and can be pretty expensive.
Getaround
Though not a taxi-hailing app as such, Getaround is a great alternative to Uber as it lets you rent cars on-demand.
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The app, formerly known as Drivy, lets you pick from a variety of cars, including Honda and Mercedes-Benz, and lets you pay by the hour.
Once you’ve selected your vehicle, you just pop over to the garage or parking spot where it’s located.
It’s a good way for car owners to make some extra money when they aren’t planning on using it.
Got a story for Metro.co.uk?
Get in touch with our news team by emailing us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>For more stories like this, check our news page.


Golden Fleece
combining Greek myths || gestures/movements || and blackout poetry
The Argo
a piece of sacred
power
Jason, a crew of winged sons, and Orpheus are to stand by through all dangers.
The Argo grew tired and Jason fainted.
He arrived.
His cheeks paled.
Friends promised deed
at the shores of the Black sea.
The Golden
sang
strong.
The skilled
changed
light.
Heracles searched for a young pool.
The handsome boy fell down
to the bottom of the pool and vanished
forever. Heracles went through the woods calling for Hylas. The Argonauts feared Heracles' ship.
The Argonauts sailed his knowledge and wisdom.

His kingdom felt
sorry.
Bravely.
When he arrived in Iolcus, King Pelias.
But he gifted his knife.
He would not part with Jason.
The soons wind, took to their wings.
They could fly faster and caught them.
The flew, enver to be seen again.
In peace.
To the Black Sea.
The rocks rolled apart and clashed.
A bird in flight, a dove, told him to send the ship.
"Give up! Turn back! Leave and set sail toward the clashing rocks.
Heroes trembled.
The rocks rolled.
the dove and bird flew together...
|
Heracles searched for
|
|
fresh water,
|
| when the nymph of the pool saw him. |
| Heracles ran through the woods beating down whatever was in his way. |
| A king Colchis was only bones. |
| Heracles ran through the woods beating down whatever was in his way. |
| fat birds wooped down and did not eat |
|
no one felt sorry. |
| I bet |
|
|
|
|
you didn't know |
|
danger |
|
|
|
is |
|
|
a |
|
|
|
|
form |
|
|
|
|
of |
|
|
|
|
|
oppurtunity |
seaworthy ship prow.
danger advise heroes winged inspire music.
richly beat rowing glory
wooded.
if you fail, you and your great heroes.
bulls stood at her, yes.
Jason was a young sorceress.
handsome father.
the wind whipped.
The harpies rocks
clashed together, crushing whatever came between them
the king's a sorceress
and in love.
Aphrodite, a beautiful enamel ball shot goden eyes.
Jason's magic salve could dark blushingly Medea
he gave fire-breathing bulls.


Empty Input:
Empty Textarea:
Checkboxes:
Radio:
Single Select:
First Value
Second Value
Multi Select:
one
two


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Appointments/consultations are available and walk-ins are welcome. Tattoo and piercing service fees are competitively priced and affordable. Please use the Contact segment of website to send questions or inquiries to studio or individual artists.


Table of Content
- Title
- Stories
- Mythohistory (-20,000 AR to -15,000 AR)
- Time of Legends (-5,000 AR to 0 AR)
- Antiquities War (0 AR to 63 AR)
- 1. Loran's Smile
- Ice Age (64 AR to 2943 AR)
- 1. Vannemir's Choice
- 2. The Battle of Kjeldor
- 3. The Horror at Ronom Glacier
- Flood Ages (2934 AR to 3285 AR)
- Champions of Kamigawa
- 1. Everything
- 2. The Dragon's Errand
- 3. Thankless Child
- 4. Bonds of Ice and Fire
- 5. Security
- 6. Mountain Secret
- 7. The Dragon Shield
- 8. Eight and a Half Tales
- 9. Duty Bound
- 10. Told in Whispers
- Betrayers of Kamigawa
- 1. A Servant's Mission
- 2. Redemption Smiles
- 3. Personal Battles
- 4. Patron of the Akki
- 5. The Sound of Crickets
- Saviors of Kamigawa (old history; 3200 AR and 3306 AR)
- 1. War's Wage
- 2. The Face Behind the Mask
- 3. The Meeting
- 4. The Last Visitor
- 5. Iizuka the Ruthless
- Modern History (3285 AR to 4205 AR)
- Phyrexian Invasion (4205 AR to 4306 AR)
- The Rift Era (4306 AR to 4500 AR)
- The Mending Era (4500 AR to Present)
- Khans of Tarkir
- 1. The Madness of Sarkhan
- 2. Awakening the Bear
- 3. Sorin's Revelation
- 4. Taigams Scheming
- 5. Way of the Mantis
- 6. The Chensal Twins
- 7. Enlightened
- 8. The Salt Road
- 9. Mercy
- 10. Victory
- 11. Bond and Blood
- 12. Journey to the Nexus
- Fate Reforged
- 1. A New Tarkir of Old
- 2. Unwritten
- 3. The Reforged Chain
- 4. The Truth of Names
- 5. The Doom of the Golden Fang
- 6. No End and No Beginning
- 7. Khanfall
- Dragons of Tarkir
- 1. A Tarkir of Dragons
- 2. The Great Teacher's Student
- 3. Sorin's Restoration
- 4. The Guardian
- 5. The Poisoned Heart
- 6. The Call
- 7. Unbroken and Unbowed
- Magic Origins
- 1. Chandra’s Origin: Fire Logic
- 2. Liliana's Origin: The Fourth Pact
- 3. Jace's Origin: Absent Minds
- 4. Gideon's Origin: Kytheon Iora of Akros
- 5. Nissa's Origin: Home
- Conspiracy: Take the Crown
- 1. Laid to Rest
- 2. Tyrants
- 3. Proclamation by Queen Marchesa
- 4. Proclamation by Adriana, Captain of the Guard
- 5. Bloody Instructions
- 6. Leovold's Dossiers
- Battle for Zendikar
- 1. Drop for Drop
- 2. Stirring from Slumber
- 3. Limits
- 4. Catching Up
- 5. Unkindness of Ravens
- 6. Offers to the Fire
- 7. For Zendikar
- 8. Slaughter at the Refuge
- 9. The Silent Cry
- 10. The Believer's Pilgrimage
- 11. The Survivors of Sky Rock
- 12. Memories of Blood
- 13. Nissa's Quest
- 14. Home Waters
- 15. Nissa's Resolve
- 16. Revelation at the Eye
- 17. Shaping an Army
- 18. The Liberation of Sea Gate
- 19. Hedron Alignment
- 20. At Any Cost
- 21. Promises to Keep
- 22. The Rise of Kozilek
- Oath of the Gatewatch
- 1. Retaliation of Ob Nixilis
- 2. Reclamation
- 3. The Blight We Were Born For
- 4. Up in Flames
- 5. Beneath the Surface
- 6. Oath of the Gatewatch
- 7. Brink of Extinction
- 8. Zendikar's Last Stand
- 9. Zendikar Resurgent
- Shadows over Innistrad
- 1. Under the Silver Moon
- 2. A Gaze Blank and Pitiless
- 3. Unwelcome
- 4. Sacrifice
- 5. The Mystery of Markov Manor
- 6. The Drownyard Temple
- 7. Promises Old and New
- 8. Liliana's Indignation
- 9. Games
- 10. The Lunarch Inquisition
- 11. Stories and Endings
- 12. I Am Avacyn
- 13. The Archmage of Goldnight
- Eldritch Moon
- 1. Stone and Blood
- 2. Emrakul Rises
- 3. Innistrad's Last Hope
- 4. Campaign of Vengeance
- 5. Saint Traft and the Flight of Nightmares
- 6. Battle of Thraben
- 7. The Promised End
- Kaladesh
- 1. Homesick
- 2. A Time for Innovation
- 3. Torch of Defiance
- 4. Renegade Prime
- 5. Born of Aether
- 6. Bottled Up
- 7. Release
- 8. 8-In This Very Arena
- 9. A Grateful Consulate
- Aether Revolt
- 1. In the Dead of Night
- 2. Quiet Moments
- 3. Breakthrough
- 4. Revolution Begins
- 5. Burn
- 6. The Skies overGhirapur
- 7. Breaking Points
- 8. Puppets
- 9. Renewal
- Amonkhet
- 1. Impact
- 2. Trust
- 3. The Writing on the Wall
- 4. Servants
- 5. The Hand That Moves
- 6. Brazen
- 7. Trespass
- 8. Judgment
- Hour of Devastation
- 1. The Hour of Revelation
- 2. Feast
- 3. Hour of Glory
- 4. The Hour of Promise
- 5. Favor
- 6. Hour of Eternity
- 7. Endure
- 8. Hour of Devastation
- Ixalan
- 1. Jace, Alone
- 2. A Question of Confidence
- 3. The Talented Captain Vraska
- 4.-The Shapers
- 5. Something Else Entirely
- 6. The Race, Part 1
- 7. The Race, Part 2
- Rivals of Ixalan
- 1. The Flood
- 2. Glimpse the Far Side of the Sun
- 3. The Arbiter of Law Left Chaos in His Wake
- 4. Sabotage
- 5- Who Tells the Stories
- 6. Wool over the Eyes
- 7. Rivals of Ixalan Magic Story Alternate Endings
- Dominaria
- 1. Return to Dominaria: Episode 1
- 2. Return to Dominaria: Episode 2
- 3. Return to Dominaria: Episode 3
- 4. Return to Dominaria: Episode 4
- 5. Return to Dominaria: Episode 5
- 6. Return to Dominaria: Episode 6
- 7. Return to Dominaria: Episode 7
- 8. Return to Dominaria: Episode 8
- 9. Return to Dominaria: Episode 9
- 10. Return to Dominaria: Episode 10
- 11. Return to Dominaria: Episode 11
- 12. Return to Dominaria: Episode 12
- Chronicle of Bolas (Core Set 2019)
- 1. Chronicle of Bolas: The Twins
- 2. Chronicle of Bolas: The First Lesson
- 3. Chronicle of Bolas: Things Unseen
- 4. Chronicle of Bolas: Whispers of Treachery
- 5. Chronicle of Bolas: Boold and Fire
- 6. Chronicle of Bolas: A Familiar Stranger
- 7. Chronicle of Bolas: Perspectives
- 8. Chronicle of Bolas: The Unwritten Now
- Vivien Reid
- 1. Unbowed, Part 1
- 2. Unbowed, Part 2
- 3. Unbowed, Part 3
- Children of the Nameless
- 1. Part One
- 2. Part Two
- 3. Part Three
- Guilds of Ravnica
- 1. Under the Cover of Fog
- 2. Testing the Dark Waters
- 3. Clans & Legions
- 4. Death's Precious Moments
- 5. Bound and Bonded
- Ravnica Allegiance
- 1. The Illusions of Child's Play
- 2. Rage of the Unsung
- 3. The Principles of Unnatural Selection
- 4. The Ledgerof Hidden Fortunes
- 5. The Ascension of Reza
- Planes
- Alara
- Amonkhet
- Dominaria
- Fiora
- Innistrad
- Ixalan
- Kaladesh
- Kamigawa
- Lorwyn / Shadowmoor
- Mirrodin
- New Phyrexia
- Ravnica
- Shandalar
- Takir
- Tarkir's Past
- Theros
- Zendikar
- Planeswalker
- Ajani Goldmane
- Angrath
- Arlinn Kord
- Ashiok
- Chandra Nalaar
- Dack Fayden
- Daretti
- Domri Rade
- Dovin Baan
- Elspeth Tirel
- Freyalise
- Garruk Wildspeaker
- Gideon Jura
- Huatli
- Jace Beleren
- Jaya Ballard
- Jiang Yanggu
- Karn
- Kaya
- Kiora
- Koth
- Liliana Vess
- Mu Yanling
- Nahiri
- Narset
- Nicol Bolas
- Nissa Revane
- Ob Nixilis
- Ral Zarek
- Rowan & Will Kenrith
- Saheeli
- Samut
- Sarkhan Vol
- Sorin Markov
- Tamiyo
- Teferi
- Tezzeret
- Tibalt
- Ugin
- Venser
- Vivien Reid
- Vraska
- Xenagos


How to create and use templates¶
Templates can save you precious time!
Set up a jail any way you like, and create a template from it. All packages and pre-configured settings will be available for deployment next time within seconds.
Any jail can be converted to a template and back to a jail again as required. In fact a template is just another jail which has the property template
set to “yes”. The difference is that templates are not started by iocell.
Here is how to create a template with iocell:
- Create a new jail
iocell create tag=mytemplate
- Configure the jail’s networking
- Install any package you like and customize jail
- Once finished with customization stop the jail
iocell stop UUID | TAG
- A good idea is set some notes
iocell set notes="customized PHP,nginx jail" UUID | TAG
- Turn the template property on
iocell set template=yes UUID | TAG
- List your template with
iocell list -t
Here is how to use the created template:
To create a new jail from this template simply clone it!
iocell clone UUID-of-mytemplate tag=mynewjail
- List new jail
iocell list
- Start jail
iocell start UUID | TAG
Done!
If you need to make further customization in the template or want to patch it, you have two options.
- convert template back to jail with
iocell set template=no UUID-of-template
, and start the jail - if you don’t need network access to make the changes simply run
iocell chroot UUID-of-template
, make the changes and exit


A minimalistic finite state machine for typescript based applications, with async/await and decorators support.
# Add to your dependencies using yarn
yarn add "nxtep-io/nano-fsm#master";
# Or, using NPM
npm install "github:nxtep-io/nano-fsm#master";
To allow a higher degree of control over your state transitions, every action and state machine has a lifecycle you can use to meet your needs.
The lifecycle is run as follows:
Action.beforeTransition
(In parallel)FiniteStateMachine.beforeTransition
Action.onTransition
(In parallel)FiniteStateMachine.onTransition
Action.afterTransition
(In parallel)FiniteStateMachine.afterTransition
You can access the instance in the state machine lifecycle in this.instance
Let's define a Gate, with a simple unlocking password and 3 states: opened
, closed
and locked
.
/**
* The Gate interface, for mapping database models for example.
*/
export interface Gate {
name: string;
password: string;
}
/**
* The available states for a Gate in the machine.
*/
export enum GateState {
OPENED = "opened", // Gate is opened for travelers
CLOSED = "closed", // Gate is closed but unlocked, it may be opened by travelers
LOCKED = "locked" // Gate is closed and locked, cannot unlock without a password
}
Now, we can define the available transitions between these states.
export class OpenGateAction extends Action<Gate, GateState> {
from = GateState.CLOSED;
to = GateState.OPENED;
}
export class CloseGateAction extends Action<Gate, GateState> {
from = GateState.OPENED;
to = GateState.CLOSED;
}
export class LockGateAction extends Action<Gate, GateState> {
from = [GateState.CLOSED]; // Array of States also works!
to = GateState.LOCKED;
}
For the unlocking mechanism, we need a password validation inside the transition.
export class UnlockGateAction extends Action<Gate, GateState> {
from = GateState.LOCKED;
to = GateState.CLOSED;
/**
* Ensures the gate password is checked when unlocking.
*/
async onTransition(instance: Gate, data?: { password: string }) {
if (data && instance.password === data.password) {
return super.onTransition(instance, data);
}
throw new Error("Invalid gate password, cannot unlock");
}
}
Wildcard is supported (regex coming soon)
export class LockedMessageGateAction extends Action<Gate, GateState> {
from = '*';
to = GateState.CLOSED;
/**
* Sends info log after any transition to "CLOSED" state
*/
afterTransition() {
// Be careful with widcards, they enable any state transition with a matching pair!
this.logger.info('Gate is closed!');
}
}
Finally, our Gate State Machine can be created.
export default class GateStateMachine extends FSM<Gate, GateState> {
/* Sets the machine initial state */
state: GateState = GateState.CLOSED;
/* Sets the machine available actions */
actions = [
new OpenGateAction(),
new CloseGateAction(),
new LockGateAction(),
new UnlockGateAction(),
];
}
To interact with it, instantiate a new machine mapping your models.
const gate = new GateStateMachine({
name: 'Mines of Moria',
password: 'friend',
});
// You shall not pass
await gate.goTo(GateState.LOCKED);
// Unlocks the gate passing a transition payload
await gate.goTo(GateState.CLOSED, { password: 'friend' });
// Now, you shall pass
await gate.goTo(GateState.OPENED);
Interrupting a transition
There are two ways of interrupting a transition: soft interruption
and hard interruption
.
A soft interruption does not throw any exception, but the state never changes in the machine.
export class LockedGateMessageAction extends Action<Gate, GateState> {
from = '*';
to = GateState.OPENED;
async onTransition(instance: Gate, data: TransitionData<GateState>) {
if (data.from === GateState.LOCKED) {
this.logger.warn('Gate is locked! We need a password');
// Interrupts the transition without throwing any exception
return false;
}
return true;
}
}
A hard interruption stops the transition and throws an error to the caller.
export class LockedGateMessageAction extends Action<Gate, GateState> {
from = '*';
to = GateState.OPENED;
async onTransition(instance: Gate, data: TransitionData<GateState>) {
if (data.from === GateState.LOCKED) {
// Interrupts the transition with exception
throw new Error('Gate is locked! We need a password');
}
return true;
}
}
The full library reference is available in the docs/
directory or published in https://nxtep-io.github.io/nano-fsm.
v0.0.2: Array of states in Action definition
v0.0.1: Initial version
The project is licensed under the MIT License.
Generated using TypeDoc


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you agree to our use of cookies.
Drawing henna on the skin
Henna is basically a dye that gives a cooling effect when applied on the skin and gives red color to it. It is mostly used on hair as a natural dye but is commonly used to decorate hands. When it dries completely, the skin
or hair is washed with water to reveal the dyed color. Asian brides are not complete until they have applied Henna on their hands and feet.
Henna(mehndi) cone (pencil cone is better)
A printed copy of Henna design
A transparent Glass sheet (you may use clear plastic sheet instead)
Tissue paper
Glitter cone (optional)
A4 sheet or plain piece of paper
Pencil
Nowadays the henna cone contains some chemicals, so if you are allergic or your skin is sensitive, then check a little amount of henna on your palm before making the whole design. If it gives you itcy or burning feeling,
do not use it. Sometimes, it happens when the henna is expired so make sure to use the fresh one.
Also, if you have done waxing on an area where you are going to apply henna, do not do it just after waxing. Wait a day or two, as skin pores will be opened and henna contains some chemical. This situation may cause
damage or irritation on your skin.
The Basics of Applying Henna
Before you can master the art of applying Henna on hands, you must practise on glass sheet
Place henna design on a table or some hard surface. Lay a sheet of clear glass on it to cover it completely.
The main thing to apply Henna from cone is to hold the cone correctly. Hold it in your right hand (if you are Right-handed), taking photo as a guide. Your hand must be comfortable while holding it and try
to squeeze to see how comfortably you can do it. Squeeze little at a time, do not apply too much force as the henna mixture is in liquid form and at the beginning, it comes out of the cone without squeezing.
Learn as you do!
How to Make Small Henna Designs
Straight lines – first practice making straight lines parallel to each other. This way you will get hold on the cone and the pressure exert on it.
Dot – it is the basic design. Practice making dots smaller and cleaner.
Comma - first make a dot without lifting the cone away but giving the curve and then lift it away.
Stamen – first make a dot then keep the pressure downwards and lift cone to make a pointed end.
Making heart – it can be used as a petal too. Make one Stamen first. Then make a dot beside it, joining the two ends as you finish it.
Petal 1 – Make a stamen. Again go to the starting point and make an S-shaped line. To highlight the petal, bold the outer part of the petal by again applying henna. Petal is completed now make some filaments with thin lines.
Petal 2 – Make a thick stamen. Make another just like it beside it and join at the end, not pointed but blunt.
Petal 3 – Make a curvy 7 first. Make another joining from the starting point just like a heart but do not close it. Highlight the petal by making outerline thick. Make filaments in the center with thin lines.
Petal 4 – First make a comma, then again from starting point make a stamen just like an invert U. Highlight its curve.


Show flyout!
Header text (example)
×
Content example (click "+" and "−" buttons to resize contents).
Resize the browser window, too, to see the flyout behavior.


Building kernels for kernel based learning methods¶
Kernel-based methods such as kernel-ridge regression and support-vector regression require the construction of a pairwise-similarity matrix. There are however different ways of building such a similarity matrix. A commonly used way is to measure similarity \(\kappa(\vec{x}_1, \vec{x}_2)\) between two samples \(\vec{x}_1\) and \(\vec{x}_2\) with a gaussian kernel:
There are also other standard kernels, some of which are listed e.g. in the sklearn-documentation.
In some cases it might however be benefitial to define a custom way of measuring similarity.
Kernels for comparing structures based on local features¶
Measuring the similarity of two structures based on local features can benefit from a custom kernel. Here we introduce some ways of measuring similarity in these cases. For further reading, consider the original article:
Average kernel¶
The simplest approach is to average the local contributions into one average
vector, which can be compared with any standard kernel. For example the
SOAP
-descriptor can provide the average vector directly by specifying
average=True in the constructor. These vector may be fed into any generic
purpose kernel model with any kernel function.
Best-match kernel¶
TODO
REMatch kernel¶
The ReMatch kernel, lets you choose between the best match of local environments and the averaging strategy. The parameter gamma determines the contribution of the two whereas gamma = 0 means only the similarity of the best matching local environments is taken into account and gamma going towards infinite channels in the average solution.
from dscribe.utils import RematchKernel
rematch = RematchKernel()
envkernels = rematch.get_all_envkernels([soap_water, soap_methanol])
remat = rematch.get_global_kernel(envkernels, gamma = 0.1, threshold = 1e-6)
print(remat)


TKILL
Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (2)
Updated: 2012-07-13
Index
Return to Main Contents
NAME
tkill, tgkill - send a signal to a thread
SYNOPSIS
int tkill(int tid, int sig);
int tgkill(int tgid, int tid, int sig);
Note:
There are no glibc wrappers for these system calls; see NOTES.
DESCRIPTION
tgkill()
sends the signal
sig
to the thread with the thread ID
tid
in the thread group
tgid.
(By contrast,
kill(2)
can be used to send a signal only to a process (i.e., thread group)
as a whole, and the signal will be delivered to an arbitrary
thread within that process.)
tkill()
is an obsolete predecessor to
tgkill().
It allows only the target thread ID to be specified,
which may result in the wrong thread being signaled if a thread
terminates and its thread ID is recycled.
Avoid using this system call.
If
tgid
is specified as -1,
tgkill()
is equivalent to
tkill().
These are the raw system call interfaces, meant for internal
thread library use.
RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, -1 is returned, and errno
is set appropriately.
ERRORS
- EINVAL
-
An invalid thread ID, thread group ID, or signal was specified.
- EPERM
-
Permission denied.
For the required permissions, see
kill(2).
- ESRCH
-
No process with the specified thread ID (and thread group ID) exists.
VERSIONS
tkill()
is supported since Linux 2.4.19 / 2.5.4.
tgkill()
was added in Linux 2.5.75.
CONFORMING TO
tkill()
and
tgkill()
are Linux-specific and should not be used
in programs that are intended to be portable.
NOTES
See the description of
CLONE_THREAD
in
clone(2)
for an explanation of thread groups.
Glibc does not provide wrappers for these system calls; call them using
syscall(2).
SEE ALSO
clone(2),
gettid(2),
kill(2),
rt_sigqueueinfo(2)
Index
- NAME
-
- SYNOPSIS
-
- DESCRIPTION
-
- RETURN VALUE
-
- ERRORS
-
- VERSIONS
-
- CONFORMING TO
-
- NOTES
-
- SEE ALSO
-
This document was created by
man2html,
using the manual pages.
Time: 02:54:45 GMT, September 18, 2014


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My old friend Dpak and my boyfriend Roque came by for a visit and brought some coke that his friend had given him. I had seen Dpak two weeks earlier and smoked up with him, but prior to that I hadn't seen him for over a year. I think getting high is a great way to have a reunion because it relaxes any tensions there are when seeing someone that I am no longer quite as comfortable being around.
We rolled a blunt with about 2 grams of weed in it, and then sprinkled the equivalent of a couple lines into it and smoked it. This was my first experience with cocaine of any kind. I could definitely taste it in the smoke, and it made my lips and teeth numb. I've been smoking marijuana several times a week for about 9 months now, and before that it was several times a month for about a year. My point being that when I smoke, unless its chronic or really really good shit, I don't get really high. I get relaxed and chill, but not head vibrating high. Anyway, the coke in the blunt helped me reach that level.
I also had a final about 3 hours later which I hadn't started studying for, so I did two lines and went off to learn. I read pretty much all of the material I needed to know for the entire final twice within an hour and when I went to the final I was able to recall everything I had read and finished the test in about 25 minutes (out of an allowed 110 minutes). The cocaine helped me out. I see a dangerous pattern that could develop from this, and I don't ever want to rely on drugs to perform any sort of task because thats how addiction starts the easiest. I've done well on finals since without any drugs...although I did smoke a blunt with shrooms in it the day before my last final... (p.s. don't smoke shrooms, it killed my throat for days).
I realize I took a small dose, but it was still fun, my nose got numb, i felt and tasted the drip, and i definitely got the focused/alert high cocaine is famous for. Smoking it with the weed helped it last a bit longer than it usually would have I think.
Positive experience all around, great way to kick a weed high up to the next level, but I will not do cocaine again for at least 6 months. If I got addicted I would be thoroughly dismayed...
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


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on:
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Link to Google Sheets:
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About
I graduated from CSU Monterey Bay with a Bachelor's of Science degree in Computer Science. I am currently looking for new opportunities
I graduated from CSU Monterey Bay with a Bachelor's of Science degree in Computer Science. I am currently looking for new opportunities


-
Open "Edit Workflows" page from the Portal Navigation Menu.
-
This is the "Edit Workflows" interface.
In here, we can create Workflow Templates
-
This is the "New Template" button. Click on it to create a new workflow template.
-
A window will popup asking for the name of the new Workflow Template.
-
The new template ("MultiCountWords" in this case) is shown under Templates on the left side of the interface, and the template editor is opened automatically as well on the right in a new Tab.
-
The "Components" Tab on the left shows the components available
-
The "Components" can be shown in 3 views. The default "Tree" view, which shows the hierarchy of components.
-
The "Inputs" view, which shows components grouped by inputs.
-
The "Outputs" view, which shows components grouped by outputs.
-
Hovering on a component shows it's Inputs and Outputs.
-
To Add a component to the Workflow Template, Drag the component from the left to the checked area on the right.
The icon of the dragging component shows if it is ok to drop or not. Here it shows that it NOT OK.
-
As we approach the checked area, the icon indicates that it is OK to drop.
-
After dropping, the component appears in the workflow template. The text is red colored as it's input and output ports (the small rectangular boxes) haven't been connected to variables yet.
The color of the box itself is "light-orange" if this is a concrete component, and "gray" if this is an abstract component.
-
You can select the component and move it around.
-
Hovering over a port (the small rectangular boxes) shows information about it. These ports correspond to the component identifiers that were created in the "Manage Components" interface.
-
A Link can be dragged out from the port. While dragging, the "shadow variable" appears like below.
Variables are displayed as ovals.
We can drag this link out to
- empty space (which will create a new variable),
- another variable port (which will connect that variable to this port),
- another component port (which will link both components together via a new variable)
-
Data Variables that are Inputs to the Workflow are shown in Blue.
Parameter Variables are shown in Green.
All other variables are shown in Navy Blue.
-
Click on "Layout" to connect to Graphviz (if installed) and layout the workflow template. This is useful especially if the graph is becoming quite big and unmanageable.
-
Here the system is trying to connect to "dot". If this doesn't work, make sure that the path to "dot" is correctly specified in portal.properties
-
After laying out
-
There are other buttons above the Graph like "Zoom" functions.
-
The "Grab Image" function creates an image out of the canvas that can be saved on desktop.
-
This is the "Elaborate Template" button found above the graph, on top of the "Constraints Table".
Click it to connect to the Wings Semantic Reasoner in order to reason about, validate, and add more annotations to the Workflow.
-
Here the system is getting an elaborated workflow from the Wings Semantic Reasoner.
-
A popup window appears after Elaboration.
-
Constraints for this workflow template are shown in the "Constraints Table" after elaboration.
-
If we select a variable, it will show constraints only for that variable. Here the "sampleInputFile1" variable is selected.
The Constraints Table now only shows Constraints for sampleInputFile1 variable.
Also, below the Graph is an editable form that allows changing properties of this variable.
-
The Variable name can be changed once the Variable is selected in the graph.
-
For Inputs to the workflow, we can also indicate whether the Variable should be a collection or not.
-
Collection variables appear as a stack of ovals.
-
Similarly, we can also change properties of the Component by selecting it.
By default "Use all Input Data in same workflow" is set to true. That means if the coming input variable is a collection (or of a higher dimensionality that what is expected), then we should create multiple parallel instances of the Component to handle the input data.
Collection components appear as a stack of rectangles.
-
The "Input Data Combination" tab provides an interface to setup the way input data collections are combined and provided to the components using the data.
-
This shows that by default a Cross-Product (XPRODUCT) of all inputs is done. The other combination function is NWISE(i.e. one-to-one match by index). Operations that work on a single port are: Increase Dimension (INCREASEDIM), Reduce Dimension (REDUCEDIM), and SHIFT (i.e. reducing collection size by one and shifting to the left). These single-port operators can be also used as argument to XPRODUCT and NWISE.
-
Here we can select the ports on which the combination function occurs.
-
Multiple items in the graph can be selected by Dragging a box around them.
-
Selected items can be deleted by pressing the "Delete Selected" button.
-
Click on "Add Constraint" to create a new Constraint.
-
Constraint items can be edited by clicking on them.
The Variable item shows a drop-down list of the current workflow template's variables.
-
The "Constraint" item shows a list of all constraints that can be specified. This contains some constraints from the "wflow" namespace, and an "rdf:type" constraint. The rest of the constraints from the "dcdom" namespace are the ones that have been described in the "Manage Data" interface.
-
We can set values for Parameter Variables by using the constraint "wflow:hasParameterValue".
First click on 'Add Contraint' button, and then select the variable as word, constraint as 'wflow:hasParameterValue' and enter the value as shown below
-
Constraints can be selected by clicking on the checkbox next to them. All constraints can be selected by clicking on the checkbox on top.
-
Click on "Delete Constraint" to delete all selected constraints.
-
Documentation can be added to describe the template by clicking on the "Documentation" tab.
-
Click on "Save" to save the current tempate.
-
Click on "Save As" to save the current tempate with another name.
-
The "Save As" button can also be used to reuse parts of old templates in new templates. WINGS does not currently allow for copying and pasting parts between workflows, but old parts can still be reused by following these steps:
- Save the old template with the "Save As" button and give the new template a name.
- Go to the new template and delete any components you no longer need.
- Start building from the parts that were kept from the old template.


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The shoe’s design contains references to archival adidas models like the Micro Pacer, Rising Star and Boston Super, but it’s unlikely this really matters to sneakerheads today, as the NMD can easily stand on its own in the tech footwear market. In short, it makes more sense that kids would be buying the NMD because its packed with modern tech, it’s comfortable, and the consensus is: it’s the sneaker of the moment.


The project
This map was set up by Zero Waste Uppsala in partnership with Zero Waste Stockholm to help people to consume differently, using less packaging. The map identifies shops and restaurants that propose bulk products and accept containers brought by their customers. In Uppsala, those shops can easily be identified by the presence of this sticker:
If you know a shop that accepts containers and that is not in the map let us know by filling the form. If you own a shop and want a sticker please contact us here.
Data are for now limited to Uppsala and Stockholm areas, but anyone in Sweden is welcome to contribute.
Current contributors to the mapping of shops are:
- The OpenStreetMap contributors
- You, via this form
- Zero Waste Uppsala
- Zero Waste Stockholm for the Stockholm area
Contribute
How it works
This map uses data from OpenStreetMap and a tool developed by Cartovrac to display shops that propose bulk products or allow customers to user their own containers. Those shops are identified in OpenStreetMap by the tag bulk purchase.
There are two ways to add a shop on the map: you can either ask us to do it by clicking on the button in the upper right corner of the map or add it directly to OpenStreetMap by yourself.
Fill the form and we will add the shop
The form is accessible by clicking on the button in the upper right corner of the map or here.
Add a shop by yourself
In order to add a shop on the map you need to add it on OpenStreetMap. This can be done as follows:
- Login on OpenStreetMap (you have to create an account but it is free and quick).
- Look for the shop on OpenStreetMap to know if it is referenced.
-
- If the shop exists click on "Edit" (upper left of the page) to modify the information related to it.
- If not : follow the tutorial about adding a new address on OpenStreetMap.
- In order to add the shop to the map make sure to add the tag bulk_purchase with the value only if the shop proposes only bulk products or yes if there are bulk products on the shop but it is not it main activity.
- Save your modifications.
We update the map four times a day so your modification should appear a few hours later.
Thank you CartoVrac!
Cartovrac is a French team that developed this mapping tool and made it available for free. Many thanks for sharing this project!
To follow or contribute to the development of the project, head to Github.


| |
ActiveTcl User Guide
|
|
|
- NAME
- menubutton - Create and manipulate menubutton widgets
- SYNOPSIS
- menubutton pathName ?options?
- STANDARD OPTIONS
- -activebackground,
activeBackground, Foreground
- -activeforeground,
activeForeground, Background
- -anchor, anchor, Anchor
- -background or -bg,
background, Background
- -bitmap, bitmap, Bitmap
- -borderwidth or -bd,
borderWidth, BorderWidth
- -cursor, cursor, Cursor
- -disabledforeground,
disabledForeground, DisabledForeground
- -font, font, Font
- -foreground or -fg,
foreground, Foreground
- -highlightbackground,
highlightBackground, HighlightBackground
- -highlightcolor,
highlightColor, HighlightColor
- -highlightthickness,
highlightThickness, HighlightThickness
- -image, image, Image
- -justify, justify,
Justify
- -padx, padX, Pad
- -pady, padY, Pad
- -relief, relief, Relief
- -takefocus, takeFocus,
TakeFocus
- -text, text, Text
- -textvariable,
textVariable, Variable
- -underline, underline,
Underline
- -wraplength, wrapLength,
WrapLength
- WIDGET-SPECIFIC
OPTIONS
- -compound, compound,
Compound
- -direction, direction,
Height
- -height, height,
Height
- -indicatoron,
indicatorOn, IndicatorOn
- -menu, menu,
MenuName
- -state, state,
State
- -width, width,
Width
- INTRODUCTION
- WIDGET COMMAND
- pathName
cget option
- pathName
configure ?option? ?value option value
...?
- DEFAULT
BINDINGS
- KEYWORDS
menubutton - Create and manipulate menubutton widgets
menubutton pathName ?options?
- -activebackground,
activeBackground, Foreground
- -activeforeground,
activeForeground, Background
- -anchor, anchor,
Anchor
- -background or -bg,
background, Background
- -bitmap, bitmap,
Bitmap
- -borderwidth or -bd,
borderWidth, BorderWidth
- -cursor, cursor,
Cursor
- -disabledforeground,
disabledForeground, DisabledForeground
- -font, font, Font
- -foreground or -fg,
foreground, Foreground
- -highlightbackground,
highlightBackground, HighlightBackground
- -highlightcolor,
highlightColor, HighlightColor
- -highlightthickness,
highlightThickness, HighlightThickness
- -image, image,
Image
- -justify, justify,
Justify
- -padx, padX, Pad
- -pady, padY, Pad
- -relief, relief,
Relief
- -takefocus, takeFocus,
TakeFocus
- -text, text, Text
- -textvariable,
textVariable, Variable
- -underline, underline,
Underline
- -wraplength, wrapLength,
WrapLength
- Command-Line Name: -compound
- Database Name: compound
- Database Class: Compound
- Specifies whether the menubutton should display both an image
and text, and if so, where the image should be placed relative to
the text. Valid values for this option are bottom,
center, left, none, right and
top. The default value is none, meaning that the
menubutton will display either an image or text, depending on the
values of the -image and -bitmap options.
- Command-Line Name: -direction
- Database Name: direction
- Database Class: Height
- Specifies where the menu is going to be popup up. above
tries to pop the menu above the menubutton. below tries to
pop the menu below the menubutton. left tries to pop the
menu to the left of the menubutton. right tries to pop the
menu to the right of the menu button. flush pops the menu directly over the
menubutton.
- Command-Line Name: -height
- Database Name: height
- Database Class: Height
- Specifies a desired height for the menubutton. If an image or
bitmap is being displayed in the menubutton then the value is in
screen units (i.e. any of the forms acceptable to Tk_GetPixels); for text it is in
lines of text. If this option isn't specified, the menubutton's
desired height is computed from the size of the image or bitmap or
text being displayed in it.
- Command-Line Name: -indicatoron
- Database Name: indicatorOn
- Database Class: IndicatorOn
- The value must be a proper boolean value. If it is true then a
small indicator rectangle will be displayed on the right side of
the menubutton and the default menu bindings will treat this as an
option menubutton. If false then no indicator will be
displayed.
- Command-Line Name: -menu
- Database Name: menu
- Database Class: MenuName
- Specifies the path name of the menu associated with this
menubutton. The menu must be a child of the menubutton.
- Command-Line Name: -state
- Database Name: state
- Database Class: State
- Specifies one of three states for the menubutton:
normal, active, or disabled. In normal state
the menubutton is displayed using the foreground and
background options. The active state is typically used when
the pointer is over the menubutton. In active state the menubutton
is displayed using the activeForeground and
activeBackground options. Disabled state means that the
menubutton should be insensitive: the default bindings will refuse
to activate the widget and will ignore mouse button presses. In
this state the disabledForeground and background
options determine how the button is displayed.
- Command-Line Name: -width
- Database Name: width
- Database Class: Width
- Specifies a desired width for the menubutton. If an image or
bitmap is being displayed in the menubutton then the value is in
screen units (i.e. any of the forms acceptable to Tk_GetPixels); for text it is in
characters. If this option isn't specified, the menubutton's
desired width is computed from the size of the image or bitmap or
text being displayed in it.
The menubutton command creates a new window (given by the
pathName argument) and makes it into a menubutton widget.
Additional options, described above, may be specified on the
command line or in the option database to configure aspects of the
menubutton such as its colors, font, text, and initial relief. The
menubutton command returns its pathName argument. At
the time this command is invoked, there must not exist a window
named pathName, but pathName's parent must exist.
A menubutton is a widget that displays a textual string, bitmap,
or image and is associated with a menu widget. If text is
displayed, it must all be in a single font, but it can occupy
multiple lines on the screen (if it contains newlines or if
wrapping occurs because of the wrapLength option) and one of
the characters may optionally be underlined using the
underline option. In normal usage, pressing mouse button 1
over the menubutton causes the associated menu to be posted just
underneath the menubutton. If the mouse is moved over the menu
before releasing the mouse button, the button release causes the
underlying menu entry to be invoked. When the button is released,
the menu is unposted.
Menubuttons are typically organized into groups called menu bars
that allow scanning: if the mouse button is pressed over one
menubutton (causing it to post its menu) and the mouse is moved
over another menubutton in the same menu bar without releasing the
mouse button, then the menu of the first menubutton is unposted and
the menu of the new menubutton is posted instead.
There are several interactions between menubuttons and menus;
see the menu manual entry
for information on various menu configurations, such as pulldown
menus and option menus.
The menubutton command creates a new Tcl command whose
name is pathName. This command may be used to invoke various
operations on the widget. It has the following general form:
pathName option ?arg arg ...?
Option and the args determine the exact behavior
of the command. The following commands are possible for menubutton
widgets:
- pathName cget
option
- Returns the current value of the configuration option given by
option. Option may have any of the values accepted by
the menubutton command.
- pathName configure ?option?
?value option value ...?
- Query or modify the configuration options of the widget. If no
option is specified, returns a list describing all of the
available options for pathName (see Tk_ConfigureInfo for information
on the format of this list). If option is specified with no
value, then the command returns a list describing the one
named option (this list will be identical to the corresponding
sublist of the value returned if no option is specified). If
one or more option-value pairs are specified, then the
command modifies the given widget option(s) to have the given
value(s); in this case the command returns an empty string.
Option may have any of the values accepted by the
menubutton command.
Tk automatically creates class bindings for menubuttons that
give them the following default behavior:
- [1]
- A menubutton activates whenever the mouse passes over it and
deactivates whenever the mouse leaves it.
- [2]
- Pressing mouse button 1 over a menubutton posts the menubutton:
its relief changes to raised and its associated menu is posted
under the menubutton. If the mouse is dragged down into the menu
with the button still down, and if the mouse button is then
released over an entry in the menu, the menubutton is unposted and
the menu entry is invoked.
- [3]
- If button 1 is pressed over a menubutton and then released over
that menubutton, the menubutton stays posted: you can still move
the mouse over the menu and click button 1 on an entry to invoke
it. Once a menu entry has been invoked, the menubutton unposts
itself.
- [4]
- If button 1 is pressed over a menubutton and then dragged over
some other menubutton, the original menubutton unposts itself and
the new menubutton posts.
- [5]
- If button 1 is pressed over a menubutton and released outside
any menubutton or menu, the menubutton unposts without invoking any
menu entry.
- [6]
- When a menubutton is posted, its associated menu claims the
input focus to allow keyboard traversal of the menu and its
submenus. See the menu
manual entry for details on these bindings.
- [7]
- If the underline option has been specified for a
menubutton then keyboard traversal may be used to post the
menubutton: Alt+x, where x is the underlined
character (or its lower-case or upper-case equivalent), may be
typed in any window under the menubutton's toplevel to post the
menubutton.
- [8]
- The F10 key may be typed in any window to post the first
menubutton under its toplevel window that isn't disabled.
- [9]
- If a menubutton has the input focus, the space and return keys
post the menubutton.
If the menubutton's state is disabled then none of the
above actions occur: the menubutton is completely
non-responsive.
The behavior of menubuttons can be changed by defining new
bindings for individual widgets or by redefining the class
bindings.
menubutton, widget
Copyright © 1990-1994 The Regents of the University of California.
Copyright © 1994-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Copyright © 1995-1997 Roger E. Critchlow Jr.


Responsive web typography at its finest: font-size ~~and line-height~~ based on element width.
Check out the demo site.
Ideally, the most legible typography contains between 45 and 75 characters per line. This is difficult to accomplish for all screen widths with only CSS media-queries. FlowType.JS eases this difficulty by changing the font-size ~~and line-height~~ based on a specific element’s width. This allows for a perfect character count per line at any screen width.
Set minimum and maximum width thresholds to control the FlowType.JS magic within specific element widths.
In this example, FlowType.JS will stop resizing text once the element width becomes smaller than 500px or larger than 1200px.
javascript
$('body').flowtype({
minimum : 500,
maximum : 1200
});
Set minimum and maximum font-size thresholds to control the FlowType.JS magic within specific font sizes.
In this example, FlowType.JS will stop resizing text once the font-size becomes smaller than 12px or larger than 40px.
javascript
$('body').flowtype({
minFont : 12,
maxFont : 40
});
Set your own font-size using the fontRatio
variable. When using fontRatio
, increase the value to make the font smaller (and vice versa).
Note: Because each font is different, you will need to “tweak” fontSize
and “eye ball” your final product to make sure that your character count is within the recommended range.
~~Line-height (lineRatio
) is set based on the fontRatio
size, and defaults to 1.45 (the recommended line-height for maximum legibility).~~ See line-height below.
javascript
$('body').flowtype({
fontRatio : 30
});
In v1.0 of FlowType, we made the plugin set a specific line-height in pixels. We received many statements that setting a specific line-height is very dangerous. So, what did we do? We removed support for line-height in v1.1.
What do I do now? It’s quite simple: use unitless line-height in your CSS. It will make automatically make changes based on whatever the font-size. Here’s an example of what we suggest for line-height
:
css
line-height: 1.45;
Prepare for FlowType.JS by making sure that the typography is flexible. Start with this CSS and make changes as necessary:
```css body { font-size: 18px; }
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p { line-height: 1.45; }
h1 { font-size: 4em; } h2 { font-size: 3em; } h3 { etc… ```
Note: Setting a specific font-size in your CSS file will make sure that your website remains accessible in case your viewer has javascript disabled. These numbers will be overridden as FlowType.JS updates the font-size number inline.
After you have downloaded FlowType.JS, include both jQuery and flowtype.js
in the head of your HTML document.
To begin the magic, simply call FlowType.JS before the close of your body tag:
javascript
$('body').flowtype();
You will most likely want to change the default settings. To do so, simply include these options in your code and tweak away:
javascript
$('body').flowtype({
minimum : 500,
maximum : 1200,
minFont : 12,
maxFont : 40,
fontRatio : 30
});
This wonderful piece of magic has been brought to you by the team at Simple Focus. Follow Simple Focus on Twitter: @simplefocus.
FlowType.JS is licensed under the MIT License. See the LICENSE.txt file for copy permission.


The Compact.NET 1-Wire API assembly library (OneWireLinkLayer.dll) is a
limited port of the OW.NET API to C# and is focused on Windows
CE/Mobile/Pocket PC using the Compact .NET framework. For now
Maxim only provides the equivalent of the DSPortAdapter object in the
Compact.NET API. However, an open-source effort is underway to
provide more pure C# classes (such as OneWireContainers, MemoryBanks,
etc). It is currently available from
http://sourceforge.net/projects/owdotnet/.
The examples written for the Compact.NET 1-Wire API are linked to the
Compact .NET framework version 2.0. This is available as a free
download from Microsoft's website.
The Compact .NET 1-Wire API contents of this SDK are as follows:
- 2 example programs written entirely in C#.
- A complete set of HTML documentation containing detailed
descriptions
of all of the objects, methods, and
properties included in the API.
- Compiled versions of all of the example programs.
- The complete source code for the OneWireLinkLayer.dlll
assembly library as a Visual Studio 2005 C# project.
File list for the SDK 1-Wire COM:
Documentation in (install directory)\DOCS\Compact.NET:
HTML DOCS - To browse them, please start with index.html.
Source Files for the OneWireLinkLayer.dll in (install
directory)\SOURCE\Compact.NET.
Source Files by directory in (install
directory)\EXAMPLES\Compact.NET.
\C#
\Get1WireAddresses
- C# GUI demo.
The "Get1WireAddresses.exe" is an
example program that simply lists the 1-Wire/iButton devices available
on a 1-Wire network. It also prints a description of the device.
\OneWireIO - C#
GUI demo.
Exercises all features of the 1-Wire
Port Adapter, including both standard speed and overdrive speed resets,
bit operations, byte operations, power delivery operations, and
searches.


Box3
A 3D box.
Constructor Summary
| Public Constructor | ||
| public |
constructor(min: Vector3, max: Vector3) Constructs a new box. |
Member Summary
| Public Members | ||
| public |
The upper bounds. |
|
| public |
The lower bounds. |
Method Summary
| Public Methods | ||
| public |
applyMatrix4(m: Matrix4): Box3 Applies the given matrix to this box. |
|
| public |
clampPoint(point: Vector3, target: Vector3): Vector3 Clamps the given point to the boundaries of this box. |
|
| public |
Clones this box. |
|
| public |
containsBox(b: Box3): Boolean Checks if the given box lies inside this box. |
|
| public |
containsPoint(p: Vector3): Boolean Checks if the given point lies inside this box. |
|
| public |
Copies the values of a given box. |
|
| public |
distanceToPoint(p: Vector3): Number Calculates the distance from this box to the given point. |
|
| public |
Checks if this box equals the given one. |
|
| public |
expandByPoint(p: Vector3): Box3 Expands this box by the given point. |
|
| public |
expandByScalar(s: Number): Box3 Expands this box by the given scalar. |
|
| public |
expandByVector(v: Vector3): Box3 Expands this box by the given vector. |
|
| public |
Computes the center of this box. |
|
| public |
Computes the size of this box. |
|
| public |
Intersects this box with the given one. |
|
| public |
intersectsBox(b: Box3): Boolean Checks if this box intersects the given one. |
|
| public |
intersectsPlane(p: Plane): Boolean Checks if this box intersects the given plane. |
|
| public |
Checks if this box intersects the given sphere. |
|
| public |
Indicates whether this box is truly empty. |
|
| public |
Makes this box empty. |
|
| public |
Sets the values of this box. |
|
| public |
setFromCenterAndSize(center: Vector3, size: Number): Box3 Defines this box by the given center and size. |
|
| public |
setFromPoints(points: Vector3[]): Box3 Defines this box by the given points. |
|
| public |
setFromSphere(sphere: Sphere): Box3 Computes the bounding box of the given sphere. |
|
| public |
Translates this box. |
|
| public |
Expands this box by combining it with the given one. |
Public Constructors
Public Members
Public Methods
public applyMatrix4(m: Matrix4): Box3 source
Applies the given matrix to this box.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| m | Matrix4 | The matrix. |
public clampPoint(point: Vector3, target: Vector3): Vector3 source
Clamps the given point to the boundaries of this box.
public containsBox(b: Box3): Boolean source
Checks if the given box lies inside this box.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| b | Box3 | A box. |
public containsPoint(p: Vector3): Boolean source
Checks if the given point lies inside this box.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| p | Vector3 | A point. |
public copy(b: Box3): Box3 source
Copies the values of a given box.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| b | Box3 | A box. |
public distanceToPoint(p: Vector3): Number source
Calculates the distance from this box to the given point.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| p | Vector3 | A point. |
public equals(b: Box3): Boolean source
Checks if this box equals the given one.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| b | Box3 | A box. |
public expandByPoint(p: Vector3): Box3 source
Expands this box by the given point.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| p | Vector3 | A point. |
public expandByScalar(s: Number): Box3 source
Expands this box by the given scalar.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| s | Number | A scalar. |
public expandByVector(v: Vector3): Box3 source
Expands this box by the given vector.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| v | Vector3 | A vector. |
public getCenter(target: Vector3): Vector3 source
Computes the center of this box.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| target | Vector3 |
|
A target vector. If none is provided, a new one will be created. |
public getSize(target: Vector3): Vector3 source
Computes the size of this box.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| target | Vector3 |
|
A target vector. If none is provided, a new one will be created. |
public intersect(b: Box3): Box3 source
Intersects this box with the given one.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| b | Box3 | A box. |
public intersectsBox(b: Box3): Boolean source
Checks if this box intersects the given one.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| b | Box3 | A box. |
public intersectsPlane(p: Plane): Boolean source
Checks if this box intersects the given plane.
Computes the minimum and maximum dot product values. If those values are on the same side (back or front) of the plane, then there is no intersection.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| p | Plane | A plane. |
public intersectsSphere(s: Sphere): Boolean source
Checks if this box intersects the given sphere.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| s | Sphere | A sphere. |
public isEmpty(): Box3 source
Indicates whether this box is truly empty.
This is a more robust check for emptiness since the volume can get positive with two negative axes.
public makeEmpty(): Box3 source
Makes this box empty.
The lower bounds are set to infinity and the upper bounds to negative infinity to create an infinitely small box.
public setFromCenterAndSize(center: Vector3, size: Number): Box3 source
Defines this box by the given center and size.
public setFromPoints(points: Vector3[]): Box3 source
Defines this box by the given points.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| points | Vector3[] | The points. |
public setFromSphere(sphere: Sphere): Box3 source
Computes the bounding box of the given sphere.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| sphere | Sphere | A sphere. |


DATING APPLICATION
Personal Details
Name:
Email id:
Enter Phone Number:
Gender:
Male
Female
Proposed Date:
Proposed Time:
I have tattoos and/or piercings
I am more than 2 years older than my daughter
I own a panel van or Ferrari
I work full time
My parents are rich
Is the date at a private/public location
Education
Why do you want to date my daughter
Alternate contact
Upload link


Potato Invaders
By Mason Lewis
Use the arrow/WASD keys to move left and right, up to shoot
View the source code at
www.github.com/magejets/Potato-Invaders
Check out more games here!


|
Figure 1
|
Structures of [ReN(CN) 4] 2– and [ReN(CN) 4L] 2– (L = Him, M ... |
|
Figure 2
|
ORTEP drawings of the complex anions of 2 (a), 3 (b), 4 (c), ... |
|
Figure 3
|
Emission spectra of 2 (blue) and 5 (red) in the crystalline ... |
|
Figure 4
|
Emission spectra of 3 (black), 4 (green), and 6 (orange) in ... |
|
Figure 5
|
Emission spectra of 2 (blue) and 5 (red) in the crystalline ... |
|
Figure 6
|
Emission spectra of 3 (black), 4 (green), and 6 (orange) in ... |
|
Figure 7
|
Luminescence intensity change during the mechanochemical rea ... |
|
Figure 8
|
Crystal of 5 (upper left) and under UV irradiation (lower le ... |


Try visiting the following links: Vue JS frontend React JS frontend Django Admin REST API docs (log in to django admin first)


This is a guided deckbuilder for the Android: Netrunner card game.
Corp: a mega corporation whose purpose is to carry out its negarious agendas; or
Runner: a hacker determined to prevent corps from fulfilling their agendas.
Cards drafted:
Influence:
Agenda points:


HBC 105 Experiment 14 PROTEIN DETERMINATION: MISCELLANEOUS METHODS
A variety of methods, none of which is entirely specific for proteins, are available for determination of the protein content of a given sample. The methods employ different principles, and may be sensitive to interferences by certain salts, by buffer components and by some solvents. Each method therefore has certain unique and useful characteristics as well as certain limitations.
Good general references detailing the most common metnods are the papers by Layne and by Peterson in Mehods in Enzymology. All of the methods cited there have one feature in common: they must be standardized against some pure; known protein, usually crystalline bovline serum albumin. Two additional methods are available which do not require secondary standardization. The first of these the Kjeldahl method, in which the nitrogen content of a protein is converted to NH3. The NH3 can be collected and titrated directly with gravimetrically standardized HCI. The second direct procedure is that of Dumas. Here the protein is thermally oxidized in the presence of CuO which serves as an oxygen source. The gaseous oxidation products include N2 gas, resulting from the protein breakdown. It is the volume of the bubble of N2 that is measured, under standard condtions of temperature and pressure.
Fluorescence methods of high sensitivity are available in which a reagent - for example, fluorescamine or 0-phthaladehyde - becomes intensely fluorescent only after reacting with a functional group in the protein. For the two reagents just mentioned, free amino groups are so derivatized.
Many dyes are noncovalently bound to proteins. Methyl orange, phenolphthalin (not the indicator, phenolphthalein), 4-hydroxyzaobelnzene-2-carboxylic acid (HABA) and Coomassie Blue (anazolene sodium) are examples. Various analytical methods based on dy binding have been proposed, but few have stood the test of time, for various reasons. A revival of interest in these procedures is examplified by the method of Bradford based on use of Coomassie Blue. In this procedure the absorption maximum of Coomassie Blue shifts from 465nm to 595nm when the ddye binds to a protein. You will have the opportunity to test this method.
What must be clealry understood is that each method capitalizes on the presence in the protein of a particular structure - for example, the aromatic amino acid content (ultraviolet method) or lysine content (o-phthalaldehyde method) - and this structure may vary in occurrence among various proteins.
LOWRY PROTEIN DETERMINATION
BRADFORD PROTEIN DETERMINATION
Note: This information is based on the use of a Coomassive blue sample that contains 65-75% dye. Commercially available Coomassive Blue G250 dye products vary in dye content.
Materials and Reagents
Dissole 100mg Coomassie Blue G250 in 50ml 95% ethanol. To this solution, add 100ml of n85% phosphoric acid. Dilute the concentrated solution to n0.8L with distilled water and then filter through Whatman No. 2 paper.
Procedure
Report
References:
General Reviews
Layne, E, Methods Enzymol. 3:447 (1957).
Peterson, G.L. Methods Enzymol. 91:95 (1983)
Kjeldahl Methods: Determination as NH.
boc, J.C., and Benedict, S.R.J. Biol. Chem 20:47 (1915)
Conway, E.J. Microdiffusion Analysis and Volumetric Error, 3rd ed. Crosby Lockwood and Sons, London (1950).
Kjeldahl. Anal. Chem: 22:366 (1983)
Koch. F.C. and McMeekin, T.L.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 42:2066 (1924)
Dumas Methods: Determination as N,
Dumas, J.B.A. Anal, Chim. Phys. 47:198 (831).
Kirsen, W. In Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry (Wilson C.L. and Wilson, D. W., eds), Vol. 1b, p. 494. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1960)
Biuret Methods
Beisenherz, G. Bolcher, T., Czok, R., Garbade, K. H., Meyer-Arenda,E., and Phheiderer, G, Nathoforschung 8b (10):555 (1953).
Robinson, H. W., and Hogden, C. G. J. Biol Chem. 135:707 (1940).
Welchselbaum, T.E. am J. Clin. Pathol. (Tech. Sec. 10) 16:40 (1946)
Phenol-Athaline Copper Methods
Chou, S-C, and Goldstein, A. Biochem. J. 75:109 (1960).
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N.J., and Randall, R.J. Biol. Chem. 193:265 (1951).
Peterson, G. L. Anal. Biochem. 83:346 (1977).
Bicinchomic Acid-Alkaline Copper
Smith, P.K., Krohn, R.l., Hermannson, G.T., Malia, A.K., Gartner, F.H., Provenznno.
MD., Fujimoto, E.K., Goke, N, M., Olson, B.J., and Klenk, D.C. Anal Biochem. 150:75 (1985).
Ultraviolet Absorption Methods
Foster, J.F., Sogami, M., Petersen, H.A., and Leonard, W.J., Biol. Chem, 240:2-195 (1965)
Kalckar, H.J, Biol. Chem 167:461 (1947).
Waddell, W.J.J. Lab Cliin. Med 48:311 (1956).
Warburg, O. and Christian, W. Biochem. Z. 310384 (1941).
Turbidometric Methods
Bocher, T. Biochem. Biophys. Leta 1:292 (1947).
Heppe, F., Karte, H., and Lambrecht, E. Hoppe-Setler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 286:207 (1951)
Sieber, A. and Gross, J. Laboratoriumsblatter (Behring) 26:117 (1976). [Laser method]
Ninhydrin Methods
Fruchter.S., and Crestfield, A.M.J. Biol. Chem 240:3868 (1695).
Moore, S,J. Biol. Chem. 243:6281 (1968.)
Fluorescence-Linked Methods
Bohlen, P. Stein, S., Dairman, W., and undenfriend, S. S. Arch. Biochem. Biochem. Biophys. 155:213 (1973).(Fluorescamine)
Lee, H-M. Forde, M.D., Lee, M.C., and Bocher, D.J. Anal, Biochem, 96:298 (1979).
[o=Phthnladehyde]


This site just contains a few pages to help with integration testing of SiteMaster
404 link
Google link
301 link
These links should be filtered
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tel
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invalid


Contents
Loops
%{ - a new control construct that makes it possible to repeat a block of code a number of times. - We have already used loops without knowing it: >> n = 1:5; >> total = sum(n) - MATLAB uses loops internally both to compute the result of the colon operator and to compute the sum of the elements of the vector 'n' above. - Implicit loop %}
For loop
%function suminput(N) total = 0; % loop: for n= 1:5 % control statement (part of the loop) total = total + n; % body (part of the loop) end fprintf('total equals %d\n',total)
%end % another example: % for x = rand(1,5) % assigns a row vector of random numbers % if x > 0.5 % fprintf('Random number %f is large.\n', x) % else % fprintf('Random number %f is small.\n', x) % end % end % OBSERVATIONS: % The values assigned to the loop index do not have to be integers, % regularly spaced, or assigned in increasing order. % In fact, they do not have to be scalar either: % > The loop index will be assigned the columns of the array % Any other control construct can be used in the body of the % for-loop: if-statements, other loops, etc. % total = 0 % for n = 1:5 % n % n = n + 1; % total = total + n; % end % fprintf('Total: %d\n', total) % % u = [5 4 8 8 2]; % v = [5 5 7 8 8]; % for ii = 1:length(u) % w(ii) = u(ii)-v(ii); % end
Fibonacci Sequence
function f = fibo(n) if (~isscalar(n) n < 1 n~= fix(n)) error('n must be a positive integer!'); end f(1) = 1; f(2) = 1; for i = 3:n f(i) = f(i-2) + f(i-1); end
% N = 7; % for nn = 1:N % for mm = 1:nn % fprintf('*'); % end % fprintf('\n'); % end
Exercise: Halfsum
A function that returns the sum of the uppertriangle matrix of a given array
% function s = halfsum(A) % s = 0; % [r c] = size(A); % for n = 1:r % for m = 1:c % if n <= m % s = s + A(n,m); % else % s = s; % end % end % end
While Loops
The general form of a while loop is like an if-statement but the block is evaluated repeatedly. The control statement is a condition.
% function [n total] = possum(limit) % total = 0; % n = 0; % while total <= limit % control statement (condition) % n = n+1; % body % total = total + n; % body % end % fprintf('sum: %d count: %d\n', total, n) % end function y = approx_sqrt(x) y = x; while abs(y^2 - x) > 1e-7*x y = (x/y + y)/2 end end % For negative x, the while loop will be in infinite loop. We must be % careful in setting up loops like the while-loop.
Not enough input arguments. Error in Lesson7_loop (line 106) y = x;
Exercise: While loop (next smallest prime number after n)
function k = next_prime(n) k = n+1; while isprime(k) == 0 k = k + 1; end end
Break statements (See BreakExamples.m)
After some iterations are done, some of the lines must be skipped. Using break will make this possible


Duration
15 minutes
Lab goals
The goal of this exercise is to add Drawer Navigation to a partially-written app. You will be working on a Clock app with three pages: current time, stopwatch, and about. The individual pages and the Main Activity with a Toolbar are supplied. The navigation UI is also provided since it requires a large amount of boilerplate XML. Your job is to write the code that opens/closes the drawer and a handler for menu-item selection.
The image below shows the finished app at the end of this exercise. The first screenshot shows the open navigation drawer containing the navigation menu. The other three screenshots show the result of navigating to each of the three fragments.
Required assets
The provided Exercise 5/Start folder contains the starter code for the app. There is also a Exercise 5/Completed folder with a solution you can use to check your work. Please make sure you have these folders before you begin.
Steps
Below are the step-by-step instructions to implement the exercise.
Examine the starter code
The supplied code implements most of the Clock app. You are likely already familiar with the core app from previous exercises, so this section gives a quick tour of the new parts.
- Open the Clock solution from the Start folder.
- Open Properties > AndroidManifest.xml. Notice that we set Theme.AppCompat.NoActionBar as the app theme. This is required because we are using a support Toolbar as our app bar.
- Open Resources > layout > Main.axml in source-code view.
-
We use a
DrawerLayout
as the root layout. It has anid
so you can access it from code. -
After that is a
LinearLayout
with aToolbar
and aFrameLayout
. TheToolbar
hosts the "hamburger" menu button and theFrameLayout
displays the content fragment (time, stopwatch, or about). Both have ids so you can access them from code. -
After that is a
NavigationView
that implements the sliding-drawer menu. Its gravity is set tostart
so it will slide out from the left side. It has an id so it can be accessed from code. Finally, and most importantly, itsmenu
property is set to the name of the XML file containing the menu definition. - Open Resources > menu > navigation_menu.xml.
-
The menu has three
item
elements, one for each of the three fragments (time, stopwatch, about). Each item has an id so you can identify it from code - you'll be writing an event handler to respond when the user selects one of these menu entries. - Open MainActivity.cs.
-
Notice that the
MainActivity
class inherits fromAppCompatActivity
. This is required because we are using a support Toolbar as the Activity's app bar. -
Examine the
OnCreate
method. Notice that the code to install the Toolbar as the app bar is already in place. The Android menu icon (aka "hamburger") is set as the icon for the Toolbar's navigation button. -
Finally, notice the provided
Navigate
helper method that updates the visible fragment in the UI.
Respond to Toolbar navigation click
Here you will open the navigation drawer when the user taps on the Toolbar's navigation icon.
- Open MainActivity.cs. All your work will be done in this file.
-
Override the Activity's
OnOptionsItemSelected
method. Test the value ofitem.ItemId
to see if it is equal toAndroid.Resource.Id.Home
. The code is provided below if you would like it. -
Inside your case for
Android.Resource.Id.Home
you'll need to open the drawer. There are two steps to do this. First, useFindViewById
to retrieve a reference to theDrawerLayout
. Second, call theOpenDrawer
method and pass the gravity value to identify the drawer (for us this will beAndroid.Support.V4.View.GravityCompat.Start
). - Run the app to test your work. Use the button to open the navigation drawer. Use swipe gestures to open/close the navigation drawer. Notice that selecting a menu entry does not close the drawer - you'll be coding that next.
Respond to menu selection
Here you will replace the visible fragment when the user selects a menu entry.
-
In
OnCreate
, useFindViewById
to retrieve a reference to theNavigationView
.var menu = FindViewById<Android.Support.Design.Widget.NavigationView>(Resource.Id.navigationView);
-
Subscribe to the
NavigationView
'sNavigationItemSelected
event. -
In your
NavigationItemSelected
handler,switch
one.MenuItem.ItemId
. Add onecase
for each menu item (the three ids you need to look for aretimeMenuItem
,stopwatchMenuItem
, andaboutMenuItem
). In each case, call theNavigate
helper method and pass it an appropriate fragment. The code is provided below if you would like it. -
Still in your
NavigationItemSelected
handler, set the state of thee.MenuItem
to checked - you do not need to uncheck the previous selection since thecheckableBehavior
of the menu group is set tosingle
.e.MenuItem.SetChecked(true);
-
The last piece of your
NavigationItemSelected
handler is to close the drawer. The steps are almost identical to when you opened the drawer. First, useFindViewById
to retrieve a reference to theDrawerLayout
. Second, call theCloseDrawer
method and pass the gravity value to identify the drawer (for us this will beAndroid.Support.V4.View.GravityCompat.Start
). - Run the app to test your work.
Summary
In this exercise, you used Drawer Navigation to implement a flyout menu. This pattern can be complex to code since it has several components that all need to interact with each other. However, it can be worth the effort when you have an app with many pages: Drawer Navigation gives you the room for a large menu with links to all your pages while taking up minimal UI real estate when the menu is closed.
In your opinion, was Drawer Navigation appropriate for this app? Would it have been better to use Tabs? There is no right or wrong answer here, it is just something to think about.


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Built by Matthew Wieciech | 2020


PyPlotter - A Python/Jython Graph Plotting Package. Manual |
| Contents |
PyPlotter - A Python/Jython Graph Plotting Package: Contents1 Introduction 2 License 3 Screenshots 4 Quick Tutorial 4.1 Example 1: Plotting a Graph 4.2 Example 2: Plotting a simplex diagram 5 Reference 5.1 Overview 5.2 Class Graph.Cartesian 5.3 Class Simplex.Diagram 6 Implementing a new device driver for PyPlotter |
Printable PDF version of the document


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André Rocha
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deleteCustom(path: string, id?: string, options?: RequestOptions): Observable< ResponseStatus >
deleteCustom() method is used to removed a T object in database with a DELETE http request and returns a response with ResponseStatus type.
Contrary to delete() method, you can use a custom api path and you don't need to parameter your model with a genese property.
However, the backend must wait a DELETE http request.
In this example, the deleteCustom() method removes a book with the help of the NestJS backend.
Open your navigator console. In the tab "Network", you'll find the data received from DELETE request.


Before Change
31.84981481, 44.37788414, 37.84961844, 38.00509881,
38.67423954, 38.47003339])
assert_array_almost_equal(energy_profile, expected_profile, decimal=4)
@npt.dec.skipif(NO_SSE2)
def test_em_2d_gauss_newton():
After Change
that produces a change in the energy profile should be carefully validated
to ensure no accuracy loss.
"""
fname = get_data("t1_coronal_slice")
nslices = 21
b = 0.1
m = 4
image = np.load(fname)
moving, static = get_warped_stacked_image(image, nslices, b, m)
//Create the EM metric
smooth=2.0
inner_iter=20
step_length=0.25
q_levels=256
double_gradient=True
iter_type="gauss_newton"
similarity_metric = metrics.EMMetric(
3, smooth, inner_iter, q_levels, double_gradient, iter_type)
//Create the optimizer
level_iters = [20, 5]
opt_tol = 1e-4
inv_iter = 20
inv_tol = 1e-3
ss_sigma_factor = 1.0
optimizer = imwarp.SymmetricDiffeomorphicRegistration(similarity_metric,
level_iters, step_length, ss_sigma_factor, opt_tol, inv_iter, inv_tol)
optimizer.verbosity = VerbosityLevels.DEBUG
mapping = optimizer.optimize(static, moving, None)
m = optimizer.get_map()
assert_equal(mapping, m)
warped = mapping.transform(moving)
starting_energy = np.sum((static - moving)**2)
final_energy = np.sum((static - warped)**2)
reduced = 1.0 - final_energy/starting_energy
assert(reduced > 0.9)