class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # STA 235 - Causal Inference: Instrumental Variables (Cont.) ## Spring 2021 ### McCombs School of Business, UT Austin ---  # Some reminders .box-2LA[Homework 3 is due next Wed.]
 - This homework has a bit less guidance than previous homework. **.darkorange[Make assumptions and use Google!]** - Remember to post questions on **.darkorange[Piazza]** or **.darkorange[come to OH]**. .box-2tL[No questions will be answered after 7pm 4/13] --- # Some reminders (Cont.)
 .box-7LA[Highlight sessions on Thur. 5:00-5:30pm]
 - Review session to cover the highlights of that week's class. - Objective: Get all students on the **.darkorange[same page]** regarding that week's material. - **.darkorange[Not an exercise class.]** .box-7tL[Not a replacement for OH] --- # Before we start: About JITTs
 .box-6LA[Remember to do the readings]
 - It's clear when someone doesn't do the readings. **.darkorange[Those submissions will not be counted]**. --- # About JITTs: How comfortable are you with R?  --- # About JITTs: How comfortable are you with R? .pull-left[  ] .pull-right[

 .center[ ![:scale 100%](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/allisonhorst/stats-illustrations/master/rstats-artwork/r_rollercoaster.png)] ] --- # Roadmap .pull-left[ **.darkorange[Last class:]** - Introduction to instrumental variables (IV) - How we can use **.darkorange[noncompliance in an RCT]** as a good setting for IV **.darkorange[Today's class:]** - Recap of IV - Fuzzy RD - Model selection (new chapter!) ] .pull-right[ .center[ ![:scale 80%](https://media.giphy.com/media/d2jjuAZzDSVLZ5kI/giphy.gif) ] ] --- # Recap of instrumental variables - An **.darkorange[instrumental variable]** (or instrument) `\(Z\)` is a variable that allows us to **.darkorange[separate the endogenous part from the exogenous part]** of our treatment variable `\(D\)` (or the variable for which we want to estimate an effect for). -- .box-6[Conditions for an IV:] -- .box-7[Relevance: Cor(D,Z) != 0] -- .box-7[Exclusion: Cor(Z,Y|D) = 0] -- .box-7[Exogeneity: Cor(Z,U) = 0] --- .center2[ .box-5LA[Poll time!] ] ---

 If our treatment is "going to college", and we want to estimate an effect on future earnings:

 .box-3[Is "distance to college" a good instrument?] --- .center2[ .box-3LA[How do we use IVs to estimate LATEs?] ] --- # Two-stage least squares (2SLS) - **.darkorange[First stage]**: Regress endogenous variable (e.g. education) on instrument (e.g. distance to college), and get fitted values. `$$\widehat{\text{Education}}_i = \gamma_0 + \gamma_1\text{Distance}_i + \eta_i$$` -- - **.darkorange[Second stage]**: Regress outcome (e.g. income) on predicted values of endogenous variable (e.g. `\(\widehat{\text{Education}}_i\)`). `$$\text{income}_i = \beta_0 + \beta_1\widehat{\text{Education}}_i + \varepsilon_i$$` --- # Let's go back to GOTV example - RCT were households were randomized into GOTV calls. - We had random treatment assignment, but high noncompliance (e.g. people did not pick up their phone). --

 .box-2[What was the outcome of interest?] --
 .box-4[What is the endogenous variable?] --
 .box-7[What could be an instrument?] --- .center2[ .box-2LA[Let's go to R] ] --- # GOTV: First stage ```r library(estimatr) *lm1 <- estimatr::lm_robust(contact ~ treat_real, data = d_s1) summary(lm1) ``` ``` ## ## Call: ## estimatr::lm_robust(formula = contact ~ treat_real, data = d_s1) ## ## Standard error type: HC2 ## ## Coefficients: ## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) CI Lower CI Upper DF ## (Intercept) 5.176e-13 8.601e-16 601.8 0 5.160e-13 5.193e-13 1905318 ## treat_real 4.176e-01 2.014e-03 207.4 0 4.136e-01 4.215e-01 1905318 ## ## Multiple R-squared: 0.4098 , Adjusted R-squared: 0.4098 ## F-statistic: 4.3e+04 on 1 and 1905318 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16 ``` ```r d_s1$contact_fitted = lm1$fitted.values ``` --- # GOTV: First stage ```r library(estimatr) lm1 <- estimatr::lm_robust(contact ~ treat_real, data = d_s1) summary(lm1) ``` ``` ## ## Call: ## estimatr::lm_robust(formula = contact ~ treat_real, data = d_s1) ## ## Standard error type: HC2 ## ## Coefficients: ## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) CI Lower CI Upper DF ## (Intercept) 5.176e-13 8.601e-16 601.8 0 5.160e-13 5.193e-13 1905318 ## treat_real 4.176e-01 2.014e-03 207.4 0 4.136e-01 4.215e-01 1905318 ## ## Multiple R-squared: 0.4098 , Adjusted R-squared: 0.4098 ## F-statistic: 4.3e+04 on 1 and 1905318 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16 ``` ```r *d_s1$contact_fitted = lm1$fitted.values ``` --- # GOTV: Second stage ```r *estimatr::lm_robust(vote02 ~ contact_fitted, data = d_s1) ``` ``` ## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) CI Lower ## (Intercept) 0.54528902 0.0003665575 1487.59488 0.000000e+00 0.54457058 ## contact_fitted 0.08728695 0.0049029128 17.80308 6.778072e-71 0.07767741 ## CI Upper DF ## (Intercept) 0.54600746 1905318 ## contact_fitted 0.09689648 1905318 ``` --- # GOTV: Intention to Treat ```r *lm2 <- estimatr::lm_robust(vote02 ~ treat_real, data = d_s1) summary(lm2) ``` ``` ## ## Call: ## estimatr::lm_robust(formula = vote02 ~ treat_real, data = d_s1) ## ## Standard error type: HC2 ## ## Coefficients: ## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) CI Lower CI Upper DF ## (Intercept) 0.54529 0.0003666 1487.6 0.000e+00 0.54457 0.54601 1905318 ## treat_real 0.03645 0.0020473 17.8 6.778e-71 0.03244 0.04046 1905318 ## ## Multiple R-squared: 0.0001634 , Adjusted R-squared: 0.0001629 ## F-statistic: 316.9 on 1 and 1905318 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16 ``` ```r lm2$coefficients[2]/lm1$coefficients[2] ``` ``` ## treat_real ## 0.08728695 ``` --- # GOTV: Intention to Treat ```r lm2 <- estimatr::lm_robust(vote02 ~ treat_real, data = d_s1) summary(lm2) ``` ``` ## ## Call: ## estimatr::lm_robust(formula = vote02 ~ treat_real, data = d_s1) ## ## Standard error type: HC2 ## ## Coefficients: ## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) CI Lower CI Upper DF ## (Intercept) 0.54529 0.0003666 1487.6 0.000e+00 0.54457 0.54601 1905318 ## treat_real 0.03645 0.0020473 17.8 6.778e-71 0.03244 0.04046 1905318 ## ## Multiple R-squared: 0.0001634 , Adjusted R-squared: 0.0001629 ## F-statistic: 316.9 on 1 and 1905318 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16 ``` ```r *lm2$coefficients[2]/lm1$coefficients[2] ``` ``` ## treat_real ## 0.08728695 ``` --- # GOTV: 2SLS - You can recover point estimates with the previous methods, but **.darkorange[standard errors will be wrong]** (unless you adjust them). -- - You can use packages designed for this, e.g. `ivreg` or `iv_robust()` from `estimatr` ```r summary(iv_robust(vote02 ~ contact | treat_real, data = d_s1)) ``` ``` ## ## Call: ## iv_robust(formula = vote02 ~ contact | treat_real, data = d_s1) ## ## Standard error type: HC2 ## ## Coefficients: ## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) CI Lower CI Upper DF ## (Intercept) 0.54529 0.0003666 1487.6 0.000e+00 0.54457 0.54601 1905318 ## contact 0.08729 0.0048760 17.9 1.166e-71 0.07773 0.09684 1905318 ## ## Multiple R-squared: 0.0005131 , Adjusted R-squared: 0.0005126 ## F-statistic: 320.5 on 1 and 1905318 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16 ``` --- # Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity - The same principal applies when we **.darkorange[don't have full compliance]** in an RDD -- - **.darkorange[Fuzzy regression discontinuity]** - If `\(Z = I(R_i>c)\)`, then `\(\text{Pr}(D=1| Z=1)<1\)` and/or `\(\text{Pr}(D=1| Z=0)>0\)` -- ```r rdrobust(y = y, x = x, c = c, fuzzy = treat) ``` --- # Example: Entrance exam and tutoring  --- .center2[ .box-5LA[Poll time!] ] --- .center2[ .box-3[What is the treatment assignment variable and the treatment variable?] ] --- .center2[ .box-3[Do you think the ITT>LATE or LATE>ITT?] ] --- # Use above/below cutoff as instrument: A parametric approach .small[ ```r tutoring <- tutoring %>% mutate(distance = entrance_exam - 70, below_cutoff = entrance_exam <= 70) *summary(iv_robust(exit_exam ~ distance + tutoring | distance + below_cutoff, * data = filter(tutoring, distance >= -10 & distance <= 10))) ``` ``` ## ## Call: ## iv_robust(formula = exit_exam ~ distance + tutoring | distance + ## below_cutoff, data = filter(tutoring, distance >= -10 & distance <= ## 10)) ## ## Standard error type: HC2 ## ## Coefficients: ## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) CI Lower CI Upper DF ## (Intercept) 60.1414 1.0177 59.098 9.747e-200 58.1407 62.1420 400 ## distance 0.4366 0.0993 4.397 1.407e-05 0.2414 0.6318 400 ## tutoringTRUE 9.7410 1.9118 5.095 5.384e-07 5.9825 13.4996 400 ## ## Multiple R-squared: 0.3646 , Adjusted R-squared: 0.3615 ## F-statistic: 13.06 on 2 and 400 DF, p-value: 3.19e-06 ``` ] --- # Use above/below cutoff as instrument: A nonparametric approach .small[ ```r library(rdrobust) *summary(rdrobust(y = tutoring$exit_exam, x = tutoring$distance, c = 0, fuzzy = tutoring$tutoring)) ``` ``` ## Call: rdrobust ## ## Number of Obs. 1000 ## BW type mserd ## Kernel Triangular ## VCE method NN ## ## Number of Obs. 238 762 ## Eff. Number of Obs. 170 347 ## Order est. (p) 1 1 ## Order bias (q) 2 2 ## BW est. (h) 12.985 12.985 ## BW bias (b) 19.733 19.733 ## rho (h/b) 0.658 0.658 ## Unique Obs. 238 762 ## ## ============================================================================= ## Method Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [ 95% C.I. ] ## ============================================================================= ## Conventional 9.683 1.893 5.116 0.000 [5.973 , 13.393] ## Robust - - 4.258 0.000 [5.210 , 14.095] ## ============================================================================= ``` ] --- # Takeaways .pull-left[ - Instruments can be **.darkorange[useful]** for recovering treatment effects, even under no random assignment. - Finding good instruments is **.darkorange[hard]**. - We can easily use them in RCTs or RD designs to go **.darkorange[from an ITT to a LATE]**. ] .pull-right[ .center[ ![](https://media.giphy.com/media/WVAP0Z0Ue0UA64FNN7/giphy.gif) ] ] --- # References - Angrist, J. and S. Pischke. (2015). "Mastering Metrics". *Chapter 3*. - Heiss, A. (2020). "Program Evaluation for Public Policy". *Class 11: Instrumental Variables, Course at BYU*.


You can use the select
prefilter to select specific data
In this example the content is selected on server side so that no overhead of unused data is created.
It is not possible to update selected values directly because information like primary keys get lost.
You can pass all parameters to the select function. The query will return you a two dimensional array of all object values.
If only one parameter is the array will be flat.
Take
, Skip
, Select
, Count
and First
will require the collection data to always get queried from the database on every change. Keep that in mind when creating performance critical tasks.


Twitter lets users 'hide' off-course replies to tweets
Twitter on Thursday began letting users "hide" tweeted replies that could be seen as abusive or harassing in the latest effort by the online platform to create a more welcoming environment.
The move is part of an effort to help users "feel safe and comfortable while talking on Twitter," head of product management Suzanne Xie said in a statement announcing the feature.
Hidden replies can still be peeked at and engaged with by tapping a gray icon that will appear, but they will no longer be active parts of the main exchange that sprang from a tweet, according to Twitter.
"This way, you have more control over the conversations you start, but people can still see the entire conversation," Xie said.
The San Francisco-based company earlier this year introduced the option to hide replies to tweets in some countries, an option that promised to help foster more reasonable online conversations.
Testing showed that it is a useful tool for managing the back-and-forth exchanges tweets can inspire, according to Twitter.
During testing, hidden tweets were typically considered "irrelevant, off-topic, or annoying," Xie said.
"We're exploring more options around who can reply to or see specific conversations, and are testing engagement changes to see if these lead to healthier discussions," Twitter said.
The hide-away feature is rolling out globally at twitter.com and in updates to the Twitter mobile app.
Twitter separately in September began letting users hide away unwanted direct messages, providing a new tool to stymie abuse.
Twitter users who receive direct messages from people they don't follow on the platform are able to have such missives automatically routed to a secondary folder.
In 2016, the platform began allowing users to eliminate, or mute, notifications based on keywords, phrases or entire conversations they are not interested in seeing in the effort to stem abusive comments.


--- layout: post title: LaLa Music Service to be Discontinued May 31 categories: [] tags: [] status: publish type: post published: true meta: _original_post_id: '' _original_import_author: John Duprey author: ---
Cross-posted from my Macinrpise blog:
http://macinprise.iduprey.com/lala-music-service-to-be-discontinued-may-31


Gamlr is an Internet-based company. We produce and publish inovative games for a lot of platforms.
Our games supports 2 screens, multi-language and multi-players.
Our support contacts:
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>BitMessage: BM-NBd98gS2gjYN7Fu53aPd7CGbMDjrbuD3
Thank you for your visit!


I’m going to face a project using a template engine with PHP. Because of that I’m will perform a small benchmark test of several PHP template engines. That’s not an exhaustive performance test. It’s only my personal test. Template engines has a lot of features but I normally only use a few of them and the other features very seldom. In this performance test I will check the same features under different template engines to see the syntax differences and the performance. The template engines selected for the test are Smarty, Twig and Haanga. Let’s start:
Smarty. v3.0.6 It’s probably the most famous template engine. It’s a mature project. For years it was “the” template engine and the others were the “alternatives”. It was famous because of the speed.
Twig. v1.0.0-RC1-8 It’s a new template engine developed by Fabien Potencier, the creator of the symfony framework. One of the PHP’s rock stars nowadays. It’s going to be an important part of the new symfony 2.0 framework. Twig borrows the template syntax from Django (probably the main web framework if we work with Python)
Haanga. v1.0.4-14 It’s another new template engine using the Django style. It was developed for Menéame by César Rodas.
I’ve decided to create two tests. One with a simple template and another using template Inheritance. The both cases renders one html page using one variable, filters and for loop to create an HTML table. Basically I’ve created those test because they’re the things I normally use. I will run the test with an HTML table of 50 rows and 1000 rows
Simple template
Smarty
{* Smarty. indexFull.tpl*}

<title>{$title}</title>

An example with {$title|capitalize}

Table with {$number|escape} rows

{foreach $table as $row}

{$row.id}
{$row.name}

{foreachelse}

No items were found

{/foreach}

And the PHP conde:
// index.php
$time = microtime(TRUE);
$mem = memory_get_usage();
define('BASE_DIR', dirname(__file__));
require(BASE_DIR . '/include/smarty/Smarty.class.php');
$smarty = new Smarty();
$smarty->setTemplateDir(BASE_DIR . '/smarty/templates');
$smarty->setCompileDir(BASE_DIR . '/smarty/templates_c');
$smarty->setCacheDir(BASE_DIR . '/smarty/cache');
$smarty->setConfigDir(BASE_DIR .'/smarty/configs');
$smarty->assign('title', "smarty");
$rows = 1000;
$data = array();
for ($i=0; $i<$rows; $i++ ) {
$data[] = array('id' => $i, 'name' => "name {$i}");
}
$smarty->assign('table', $data);
$smarty->assign('number', $rows);
$smarty->display('indexFull.tpl');
print_r(array('memory' => (memory_get_usage() - $mem) / (1024 * 1024), 'seconds' => microtime(TRUE) - $time));
Twig
{# Twig. indexFull.html #}

<title></title>

An example with

Table with rows

And the PHP code:
// index.php
$time = microtime(TRUE);
$mem = memory_get_usage();
define('BASE_DIR', dirname(__file__));
require_once BASE_DIR . '/include/Twig/Autoloader.php';
Twig_Autoloader::register();
$loader = new Twig_Loader_Filesystem(BASE_DIR . '/twig/templates');
$twig = new Twig_Environment($loader, array(
'cache' => BASE_DIR . '/twig/compiled',
'auto_reload' => true
));
$template = $twig->loadTemplate('indexFull.html');
$rows = 1000;
$data = array();
for ($i = 0; $i < $rows; $i++) {
$data[] = array('id' => $i, 'name' => "name {$i}");
}
$template->display(array(
'number' => $rows,
'title' => 'twig',
'table' => $data
));
print_r(array('memory' => (memory_get_usage() - $mem) / (1024 * 1024), 'seconds' => microtime(TRUE) - $time));
Haanga
{# Haanga. indexFull.html #}

<title></title>

An example with

Table with rows

And the PHP code:
// index.php
$time = microtime(TRUE);
$mem = memory_get_usage();
define('BASE_DIR', dirname(__file__));
require(BASE_DIR . '/include/Haanga.php');
Haanga::configure(array(
'template_dir' => BASE_DIR . '/haanga/templates',
'cache_dir' => BASE_DIR . '/haanga/compiled',
));
$rows = 1000;
$data = array();
for ($i=0; $i<$rows; $i++ ) {
$data[] = array('id' => $i, 'name' => "name {$i}");
}
Haanga::Load('indexFull.html', array(
'number' => $rows,
'title' => 'haanga',
'table' => $data
));
print_r(array('memory' => (memory_get_usage() - $mem) / (1024 * 1024), 'seconds' => microtime(TRUE) - $time));
With template Inheritance
With this test I use the same php file, changing template name from indexFull to index.
Smarty
{* Smarty. index.tpl*}
{extends file="layout.tpl"}
{block name=table}

{foreach $table as $row}

{$row.id}
{$row.name}

{foreachelse}

No items were found

{/foreach}

{/block}
{* Smarty. layout.tpl*}

<title>{$title}</title>

An example with {$title|capitalize}

Table with {$number|escape} rows
{block name=table}{/block}

Twig
{# Twig. index.html #}
{extends "layout.html" %}
{\% block table %}

No items were found

{\% endblock %}
{# Twig. layout.html #}

<title></title>

An example with

Table with rows
{\% block table %}{\% endblock %}

Haanga
{\% extends "layout.html" %}
{# Haanga. index.html #}
{\% block table %}

{\% endblock %}
{# Haanga. layout.html #}

<title></title>

An example with

Table with rows
{\% block table %}{\% endblock %}

Outcomes of the tests:
| (50 rows) | Smarty | Twig | Haanga |
| Simple template | Memory: 0.684497 Time: 0.023710 | Memory: 0.598434 Time: 0.025444 | Memory: 0.124019 Time: 0.004004 |
| Template Inheritance | Memory: 0.685134 Time: 0.023761 | Memory: 0.619461 Time: 0.028100 | Memory: 0.133472 Time: 0.005005 |
| (1000 rows) | Smarty | Twig | Haanga |
| Simple template | Memory: 1.222743 Time: 0.094762 | Memory: 1.033226 Time: 0.196187 | Memory: 0.558811 Time: 0.043151 |
| Template Inheritance | Memory: 1.194095 Time: 0.090528 | Memory: 1.054237 Time: 0.191694 | Memory: 0.646381 Time: 0.044402 |
Haanga really rocks in the test. It’s the fastest in all cases and it’s the best using memory. The main problem I’ve seen with Haanga is the lack of documentation. When I wanted to use the cycle filter (to create the zebra style in the HTML table) I didn’t find anything about it. I had to browse the source code and finally I found it in one tests. Whereas Smarty documentation is brilliant and Twig is good enough.
The HTML template syntax is almost the same with Twig and Haanga (in fact both of them are Django style). Smarty is a bit different but is very similar. The PHP part in Smarty looks like a bit old fashioned compared with Haanga and Twig, but it’s really easy to use.
The performance of Twig and Smarty are similar. Twig is slightly better. But with simple templates i’ts almost the same.


The domestic cat has a smaller skull and shorter bones than the European wildcat. It averages about 46 cm (18 in) in head-to-body length and 23–25 cm (9–10 in) in height, with about 30 cm (12 in) long tails. Males are larger than females. Adult domestic cats typically weigh between 4 and 5 kg (9 and 11 lb).
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Distinctio debitis maxime temporibus in quaerat accusamus sint iure maiores. Nam, illum? Neque, nisi tempora magni repellat temporibus ullam corrupti exercitationem architecto!


Corinna Ogonowski, Benedikt Ley, Jan Hess, Lin Wan, Volker Wulf
Consider how co-design of digital prototypes should proceed, given their experiences with a living lab.


Twelve column grid using a CSS prepprocessor.


Class: DATSauce::TestRun
- Inherits:
-
Object
- Object
- DATSauce::TestRun
- Extended by:
- CustomAccessor
- Includes:
- EventHandlerRegister
- Defined in:
- lib/dat_sauce/test_run.rb
Instance Method Summary (collapse)
-
- (TestRun) initialize(hash)
constructor
The TestRun object is responsible for storing and executing the meta data and events of a test run.
-
- (Object) run
Start the test run – TODO - this feels like it should be implemented a little better.
-
- (Object) stop
stop the test run.
-
- (Hash) to_hash
converts all of the properties of the TestRun object into a Hash.
-
- (Object) to_json
converts all of the properties of the TestRun object into a json string.
-
- (Object) to_s(log = false)
outputs all of the properties of the TestRun object as a String.
Methods included from CustomAccessor
Methods included from EventHandlerRegister
Methods included from Constantize
Constructor Details
- (TestRun) initialize(hash)
The TestRun object is responsible for storing and executing the meta data and events of a test run. Is has the following properties available for use by EventHandlers :run_id - a generated ID used for identifying the test run. :project_name - the name of the project you are running this for. This is just a string, but was designed to be used for historical information when run information is stored in a database :test_count - the number of tests to be executed for this run :rerun - this is the value that determines if there is going to be a rerun and if that rerun is going to be parallel or serial :run_options - these are the cucumber options that were passed to the test run and that will be used for each of the tests being executed as par of this run :tests - this is an array of all the tests that will be executed in this test run :queue_size - this is a slight misnomer. This is actually the max number of processes to be run at any given time. :results - this an array of all of the results collected from the tests that have been run :status - this is an indication as to where in the life cycle of a test run that the run is currently in – TODO: write a args parser for this instead of hard coding all of the attr_accessor values. I really want to store these in a json config file. ++ Constructor for the TestRun object
:project_name => String, #name of the project
:run_options => Array, #an array of cucumber options
:tests => Array, #an array of tests to be run
:rerun => String, #serial or parallel (s/p) tells the application whether or not you want to do a rerun of the failures and if you want them to be run in serial or parallel
:outputs => String, #tells the system how you want the progress and the results displayed to the user
:run_location => Hash, #{:location, :desired_caps
:number_of_processes => Integer, #the number of concurrent processes you want running tests. Performance will decrease the higher you go. Typically, 2 times the number of physical cores is the ceiling
}
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 |
# File 'lib/dat_sauce/test_run.rb', line 57 def initialize(hash) @tests = hash[:tests] @test_count = @tests.length @run_options = hash[:run_options] @rerun = hash[:rerun] @results = {:primary => nil, :rerun => nil} @run_id = generate_run_id(hash[:project_name]) @event_emitter = EventEmitter.new @event_emitter.register_event_handlers(get_event_handlers(hash[:outputs])) @run_location = hash[:run_location] @status = 'Initialized' @number_of_processes = hash[:number_of_processes] end |
Instance Method Details
- (Object) run
Start the test run – TODO - this feels like it should be implemented a little better. The summarizing of results should be placed elsewhere Im thinking almost like the async style of node. Will look into it some other time ++
77 78 79 80 81 82 83 |
# File 'lib/dat_sauce/test_run.rb', line 77 def run @status = 'Started' start_test_run(create_test_objects(@tests, @run_options, @run_id)) puts summarize_results @status = 'Completed' # TODO: need to emit a test_run_finished event end |
- (Object) stop
this has not been implemented yet and is on the TODO list.
stop the test run
87 88 89 90 |
# File 'lib/dat_sauce/test_run.rb', line 87 def stop #TODO: implement this for a graceful shutdown of the test run. # TODO: need to emit a test_run_finished event end |
- (Hash) to_hash
converts all of the properties of the TestRun object into a Hash
94 95 96 97 98 99 100 |
# File 'lib/dat_sauce/test_run.rb', line 94 def to_hash obj = {} TestRun.attrs.each do |attr| #need to fix this. this looks at the Test class specifically and not whatever child class called it obj[attr] = send(attr) end obj end |
- (Object) to_json
converts all of the properties of the TestRun object into a json string
103 104 105 |
# File 'lib/dat_sauce/test_run.rb', line 103 def to_json JSON.generate to_hash end |
- (Object) to_s(log = false)
outputs all of the properties of the TestRun object as a String
109 110 111 112 113 114 115 |
# File 'lib/dat_sauce/test_run.rb', line 109 def to_s(log = false) str = '' TestRun.attrs.each do |attr| #need to fix this. this looks at the Test class specifically and not whatever child class called it str << "#{attr}: #{send(attr)}\n" unless attr == :log && !log end str end |


This is where foursquare search integration will go
No Places found Near by ({{nearby}})
Showing top 10 results of the {{totalRecordsCount}} most popular results for {{nearby}} {{query}}
- {{item.venue.name}}
{{item.venue.categories[0].shortName}}
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ChainZilla provides the most efficient and flexible end-to-end blockchain solutions. These include project onboarding, tokenization, app development, ICO management, and blockchain migrations.
100 messages
Before 05-Dec-19 12:00 AM
Komodo-BotBOT30-Aug-18 10:24 PM
[pechocuchara#0648] Hey Hey! Pleasure to be here, peeps!
[pechocuchara#0648] thanks, @PTYX for the Invite, bro!
[PTYX#6840] awesome to have you. we just finished our first major airdrop yesterday.
We are happy to announce that the phase 1 airdrop to the @KomodoPlatform community has been completed. https://t.co/UN1jPErvRX Join our community and stay up to date on the latest developments. https://t.co/43yTBISHq7 #Airdrop #blockchaintechnology #baas #blockchainrev...
ICYMI: @Chainzillaio which focuses on enterprise solutions for #blockchain deployment, ICO management, and p2p app development, collaborates with #NEM to provide the best blockchain solutions. https://t.co/fQfduSASMv
Komodo-BotBOT31-Aug-18 07:17 AM
[cheeweon#5786] after adding zilla to agama wallet first, when ever loging in agama, do i have to add zilla newly ?
[crumb#2550] when you have loggeg into Agama using the right seed/privkey you can activate other coins like ZILLA when you need to
[crumb#2550] just make sure to use correct seed/privkey
#kmdmafia
9 hours left, my fellow $kmd Komodo Soldiers
Let’s smash this thing and claim the throne https://t.co/gTTCkDjNHl
Komodo-BotBOT31-Aug-18 06:38 PM
[criptobear#6402] thx i got my amount!
Komodo-BotBOT01-Sep-18 04:39 PM
[Instel7#1416] @Unknown@Unknown@Unknown@Unknown @Kusuo#3501 @Dyeles Hello and welcome to the Chainzilla's discord channel! Let me know if you need any question about how things works. Have a good day!
Komodo-BotBOT02-Sep-18 12:50 PM
[crypto_bubble#7126] @PTYX so zilla is expected to be listed on ctopia after ico?
Komodo-BotBOT02-Sep-18 01:17 PM
[PTYX#6840] Yes and coinexchange
[PTYX#6840] I'm working out deals with other exchanges too
Komodo-BotBOT02-Sep-18 08:12 PM
[BeeBanq#3718] Phase 1 Airdrop was for KMD hodlers, right?
[crumb#2550] yes
[jspook16#3059] Yep
[jspook16#3059] should already show up in your wallet
Here's short walkthrough of the upcoming #chameleonapp for @KomodoPlatform by https://t.co/gmvAUfaQM6. We enter the second phase of development tomorrow. We are optimizing and removing unneccesary options to make it as intuitive as possible. Join us: https://t.co/43yTBISHq...
Komodo-BotBOT03-Sep-18 12:05 PM
[paddycy#4865] Hi guys, is anyone aware of any incubation programs for the blockchains that chainzilla is currently supporting?
Komodo-BotBOT03-Sep-18 12:52 PM
[PTYX#6840] @paddycy t.me/totemtribe can you please clarify?
Komodo-BotBOT03-Sep-18 01:01 PM
[paddycy#4865] @PTYX for example WAN chain has an incubation program where they sponsor some startups that wish to implement blockchain, if they qualify their standards that is
Komodo-BotBOT03-Sep-18 01:08 PM
[PTYX#6840] It's something that we are talking about and planning but it's a few months away from implementing because we already have 2 projects we're preparing this year and I'd like to get our apps ready before we onboard anyone else. The plan is to create a sort of competition in which each quarter we are presented with a range of projects or companies looking to implement blockchain. we filter out the best project and help them launch at minimal cost.
Komodo-BotBOT03-Sep-18 04:52 PM
[Instel7#1416] @Unknown@Unknown@paddycy t.me/totemtribe@Unknown Welcome guys! Let me know if you have any questions!
Here's short walkthrough of the upcoming #chameleonapp for @KomodoPlatform by https://t.co/gmvAUfaQM6. We enter the second phase of development tomorrow. We are optimizing and removing unneccesary options to make it as intuitive as possible. Join us: https://t.co/43yTBISHq...
Likes
110
Komodo-BotBOT03-Sep-18 06:16 PM
[gfhhgj#1929] Hello curious about the airdrop for KMD
[gfhhgj#1929] should we have an equal balance of KMD to ZILLA?
[gfhhgj#1929] nevermind
[gfhhgj#1929] just read the pinned post
[gfhhgj#1929] wish i would have known i needed to keep 500 in a wallet
Komodo-BotBOT03-Sep-18 09:13 PM
[crypto9999#3411] @everyone No zilla listed in my wallet, how to check if airdrop was successful?
[crumb#2550] check from block explorer first. enter the address where you held more than 500 KMD into zillaexplorer.io and from there you can see how much ZILLA you got
[crumb#2550] and btw pinging the whole channel to ask a question is not good manners
[crumb#2550] @Unknown
[PTYX#6840] @crumb did you get that @ everyone?
[PTYX#6840] I thought we deactivated the ability to tag everyone
[crumb#2550] no, but this is general principle
[PTYX#6840] OK just making sure
[crumb#2550] not to get people into bad habits
[Instel7#1416] @demols@Unknown@shnu@NoLandBeyond@ph03nix Hello there, welcome to the Chainzilla's discord channel! Hope you enjoy your stay If you need help, feel free to ask!
Komodo-BotBOT03-Sep-18 09:39 PM
[shnu#0359] cheers!
Komodo-BotBOT04-Sep-18 04:07 AM
[crypto9999#3411] @crumb thanks for the info.. I am not aware that ‘everyone’ sends a ping to all.. will make sure not to use it going forward unless needed...
[crypto9999#3411] I checked and there’s some zilla received to that address but how to check the same in the wallet ?
Komodo-BotBOT04-Sep-18 06:09 AM
[paddycy#4865] @Instel7 thank you!
Komodo-BotBOT04-Sep-18 01:58 PM
[PTYX#6840] @Unknown you have to import the privatekeys into the native wallet or use the seed and activate the zilla wallet
Komodo-BotBOT04-Sep-18 02:50 PM
[Seko#7408] Will the Chameleon Wallet be compatible with the Ledger and will it be possible to receive rewards?
Komodo-BotBOT04-Sep-18 03:24 PM
[PTYX#6840] The ledger integration will take time but it's on the list of features. The v2 of Chameleon will have ledger integration.
[PTYX#6840] Rewards for Komodo will be available in mobile and desktop.
[Seko#7408] Thx
[PTYX#6840] Things we are working on: Website 2.0, Bosque Guardian blockchain and dashboard, Abee Ride smart contract review and advisorship prior to the ICO, and Chameleon.
Komodo-BotBOT04-Sep-18 05:01 PM
[Seko#7408] You know, if you need German help, then contact me. With German I mean, if you need translation or German content, etc..
!!! WARNING !!!!!!! PLEASE PAY ATTENTION!!
LATEST VERSION OF MEGA CHROME EXTENSION WAS HACKED.
Version: 3.39.4
It catches your username and password from Amazon, GitHub, Google, Microsoft portals!! It could catch
#mega #extension #hacked
@x0rz
Saturday 1 a.m. UTC - Don't miss a live interview between @TheCryptoZombie and our CEO @ptyx11. You'll be able to ask questions about @KomodoPlatform, @Nem, and our services as BaaS provider.
https://t.co/Kv1yUecogO
Komodo-BotBOT06-Sep-18 09:27 PM
[Stitch#6225] Hey guys whats the timeline for the required agama update
We are happy to announce that the winner of the @LedgerHQ Nano S is @nishbhim! Join our discord and stay up to date about our upcoming giveways and airdrops https://t.co/43yTBISHq7https://t.co/qj8IHr1zwF
Saturday 1 a.m. UTC - Don't miss a live interview between @TheCryptoZombie and our CEO @ptyx11. You'll be able to ask questions about @KomodoPlatform, @Nem, and our services as BaaS provider.
https://t.co/Kv1yUecogO
ChainZilla (ZILLA) is a company that streamlines blockchain development and deployment. It allows companies and individuals to launch blockchains, decentrali...
Komodo-BotBOT08-Sep-18 01:36 AM
[deathsgrip#5269] Good interview, thanks for link
[Cryptoraptor#4893] Caught the tail end, will rewatch in its entirety.
[Cabey#3299] Good interview PTYX, love to see more exposure to Chainzilla and Komodo
[Jenny Roberts#8580] http://writing-profs.ml - We could write an essay or dissertation for you!
Komodo-BotBOT08-Sep-18 01:52 AM
[PTYX#6840] Thanks guys
Komodo-BotBOT08-Sep-18 02:05 AM
[Jenny Roberts#8580] http://writing-profs.ml - We could write an essay or dissertation for you!
Komodo-BotBOT08-Sep-18 02:13 AM
[PTYX#6840] Apparently the first 10 minutes was cutoff
Komodo-BotBOT08-Sep-18 02:25 AM
[Cryptoraptor#4893] Looks like the entire video is up now.
[PTYX#6840] Awesome
[PTYX#6840] It must have been process. G
Komodo-BotBOT08-Sep-18 05:26 AM
[Jenny Roberts#8580] http://writing-profs.ml - We could write an essay or dissertation for you!
Komodo-BotBOT08-Sep-18 05:43 AM
[Jenny Roberts#8580] http://writing-profs.ml - We could write an essay or dissertation for you!
My buddies @Chainzillaio are sponsoring a CoolWallet S X 3 giveaway!
3 random RT's will receive a CoolWallet S each, YES 3! Each are worth $189USD.
To participate:
+Follow @Chainzillaio and me.
+Retweet and like this tweet.
Winners will be drawn ...


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Post 1 - Technical Blog -
Git, GitHub, & Marty Mcfly
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Cooking in the Kitchen
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50 Shades of #CCCCCC
Post 4 - Technical Blog -
Arrays & Hashes
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Learning How I Learn
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The group_by enumerable method
Post 7 - Cultural Blog -
The Goals and Purpose of Net Neutrality
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Modeling the Pilot G2 Pen Using Ruby Classes
Post 9 - Cultural Blog -
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Why the brown guy gotta be in IT?
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Everything is an Object ... Unless It Isn't ... Unless It Is : Blocks, Procs, & Lambdas
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If the number 666 is considered evil, then technically, 25.8069758 is the root of all evil.
Serfs use YouTubeLords and ladies use LBRY
Dragon is stable in the water
Both Elon Musk and UFOs are trending. Coincidence?


Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is a data encryption and decryption computer program that provides cryptographic privacy and authentication for data communication. PGP is often used for signing, encrypting, and decrypting texts, e-mails, files, directories, and whole disk partitions and to increase the security of e-mail communications. It was created by Phil Zimmermann in 1991. PGP and similar software follow the OpenPGP standard (RFC 4880) for encrypting and decrypting data. Source: Wikipedia
This site only provides a simple and easy to use tool for people to generate PGP keys with. Today, the common methods for generating keys still involve going to a command prompt of a Linux/Unix machine and using the GPG utility, or installing a PGP compatible application on your desktop. I wanted to provide an easier way to generate keys. None of this would be possible without the awesome Open Source software I'm utilizing. I'm using KeyBase's awesome JavaScript implementation of PGP (kbpgp). For file saving capabilities I am utilizing Eli Grey's wonderful FileSaver.js interface.
This project is a fork of Heiswayi Nrird's PGP Key Generator. Matej Ramuta forked it and added message encryption and decryption.
This site is Open Source and the source code are available on GitHub:
If you have any inquiry or problem, you may create an issue here (heiswayi) or here (ramuta).


Tech Blog
DBC - BootCoder
Week 2 - Why is JavaScript so awesome for web development.
I hardly have the bon-a-fides to comment expertly on the matter. But in so far as I can see
Javascript's main claim to fame is that it is the one truly global web development language,
Because it runs on all modern browsers. One could easily say that it is the best
language by offering the fact that there are more Javascript posts
on Github and StackOverflow than for any other language.
This in turn correlates to a very high degree of on-line resources.
The more resources, the more you know.
But, knowing is only...
The other half is Internet Explorer, seriously.


Writing
GC at the Dells
Great Christmas, Gift certificate christmas, cold christmas!! Yep we had it all! The Davenport-Elam clan met up in madison and then headed for the wisconsin dells to try our luck...
X-MAS!!
I don’t have enough time, and don’t think i ever will, to truly do justice to this past holiday. it was fantastic, it was crazy, it was wonderful to be...
3 month check up
So, we had another check up today and passed with flying colors. Noah, the heavy weight champ, weighed in at 14.7 lbs and 24.25 inches long. (that’s a 72% gain...
one year
Jennifer and i celebrated our one year anniversary yesterday. We reminisced over the bachelor party (a little scary) and the bachelorette party (!!), we reread all of the “words of...
emily saves us all
Yep, folks it’s official, noah is a giggler!!! It happened the other night and apparently will only happen when emily does her little dance, but noah laughed at her and...
radio flyyyyyyyyyer
I was taking some shots for my mother-in-law (she’s crazy about radio flyer!) and had to post my favorite!
the big 26!!
Well, we celebrated another big birthday for Jennifer yesterday. It was pretty quiet compared to the normal hoopla that we do, but so nice. Noah was great, unusually adaptable and...
 Its been a long time com’n so if your looking for something...
play on playa
Yep, we had our first play date on Saturday. It was so fun. I mean there was something so nice about being with people who understood our new founded interest...
a night on the town
Noah and I drove up to Appleton WI on Thursday to see an old old friend of mine. Appleton is about 2 hours north of Madison and ended up being...
Happy turkey Day
Jennifer, noah and I spent the thanksgiving holiday with a couple of friends here in Madison. it was a fantastic day. Nick is a computer genius who works at Jellyfish...
hello world! (again)
ok guys. Jennifer and I have been working hard at keeping up with this blog and writing about how things are going, pretty much centering most of our thoughts around...
goin’ on a trip
I don’t have a whole lot of time but when I find it, I’ll write all about the fun filled weekend we had with my in-laws (complete with nascar driving...
2 months and still counting
Just wanted to post and say the check up, overall, went well. Noah weighed in at 11 lbs 10oz! and 23 inches long! The shots were tough. Traumatizing on both...
keeping up
Sorry guys, Life is hard to keep up with sometimes and while we’re still taking all kinds of snap shots of Noah and his daily achievements, I have a hard...
the jelly is out
Jellyfish just got a whole bunch of bling!! Jennifer brought home tee shirts, hats, fleece, ect. all labeled with his ingenious logo design. What can i say, it’s a hit...
the stem cell debate
I know most of you checking out this blog have some idea of my stance and utmost support of stem cell research, its abilities and implications. Madison is a leader...
reaching for the sky
Yep, Noah is starting to master hand eye coordination and he’s reaching for everything!! Check it out!!
HAPPY HALLOWEEN!!
We took a series of pics of noah’s first halloween but he just wasn’t interested in showing off his pumkin… so in love with this little man!!
torti- what??
what a week!! Jennifer and i had quite the parenting adventure this past week and let me tell you, it was a test I think we passed and then some....
me you and the pumpkin makes three!!
so we dressed noah in this adorable farmers outfit ready to undergo our horse drawn hay ride to the pumpkin patch to pick our faves this year but it was...
dad, this one’s for you
I know how tickled you get with cats and this one just captivated me. At first I thought he was just soaking up the sun but really there was a...
first snow
yep it snowed here in the mad city!! and who knew that the only thing i had to do with noah was plop him in front of the window to...
ahhhhh true happiness
ok, this is one of the first smiles caught on tape, its gas, but who cares!!
2 weeks and still truckin!
Whew!!! We went in for our 2 week check up today. Noah weighed in at 8lbs 5oz when we arrived. He checked out beautifully, we fed while there and weighed...
PICTURE OF THE DAY
alright guys i know i haven’t been as good about posting as i had once envisioned but this baby thing is crazy. This is Noah’s first real bath! Jennifer and...
AND THEN THERE WERE THREE
I am proud to present Noah Emmett Elam. Just click on the linked file below and a quicktime movie will play photos of his first week. Enjoy! click for baby...
THAR SHE BLOWS!
Man this thing took forever to refinish, but sure enough Jenn and I got it done before the baby and before the move. Please check out the lovely before and...
CONSTANT VIGILANCE
I’m just watching the news stunned at the unfolding airport threats. Apparently the UK uncovered and apprehended a group of terrorists that were going to detonate a bomb targeting 10...
HELLO WORLD!
i can’t believe we’ve finally got this up and running! now that we have, i have no idea what to write about. I’ve been trying to think of some fun...


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Hazard: "If I could help bring Mbappe to Madrid tomorrow, I would"
Hazard wouldn't give the Ballon d'Or to Messi because he feels someone from Liverpool deserves it more
by FEAhead of Real Madrid's crucial Champions League match against PSG, Eden Hazard spoke about his admiration for Kylian Mbappe. "He'll be one of the best players of all-time," and wouldn't think twice about helping his current club add the striker to their ranks.
"In a few years time he'll be the best player in the world. He's incredibly talented," Hazard told 'Le Parisien'. "If he continues this way, Kylian will be one of the greatest players of all-time. Every player dreams about playing with the best and if I could bring Mbappe to Real Madrid tomorrow, I'd try. Although I don't think anyone would ask for my opinion."
Hazard doesn't believe the Ballon d'Or should have gone to Lionel Messi this year because "a Liverpool player" deserved it more. "If Sadio (Mane) had won the African Cup of Nations there wouldn't have been any debate (on him claiming the award). Salah too, as he's my friend."


Selenium can be extended through the use of plugins. Here are a number of plugins created and maintained by third parties. For more information on how to create your own plugin or have it listed, consult the docs.
This plugin is made of 2 parts, a servlet that lives on the NODE machine and does the actual moving of the mouse, and an extension of the Selenium Grid, to send an HTTP request to the servlet before a new test session is started.
VisGrid is a GUI for Selenium Grid. You can start hub, create and attach a Selenium node very easily and quickly.
A Selenium IDE plugin for integrating with Flex-Pilot, for Flex automation. More info.
Want to support the Selenium project? Learn more or view the full list of sponsors.
All rights reserved, Software Freedom Conservancy


Trouble at Tottenham ALREADY as Spurs star spotted liking anti-Mourinho tweet
by Magnus EriksenTottenham today announced the appointment of Jose Mourinho as their new manager to replace Mauricio Pochettino, and it’s not exactly going brilliantly…
Most Spurs fans are pretty gutted to see Pochettino leave and be replaced by someone who increasingly looks like a has-been at the highest level.
MORE: Jose Mourinho to Tottenham is a move of mutual desperation that is doomed to fail
And unlike Pochettino, Mourinho is not well known for trusting young players, which could be bad news for some at Spurs.
See below as Tottenham starlet Troy Parrot hinted he’s not happy about the move, liking a tweet urging him to leave the club for Manchester United after Mourinho’s arrival.
It’s worth noting the Irish starlet seems to have quickly un-liked this tweet, but it doesn’t look great from a THFC point of view.
Many of the club’s young players may well fear they will no longer get a route into the first-team or the chance to develop as they did before.
Parrot looks a huge prospect too, having recently been linked with major clubs like Real Madrid and Bayern Munich.


Notifier¶
-
class
oslo_messaging.
Notifier
(*args, **kwargs)¶ Send notification messages.
The Notifier class is used for sending notification messages over a messaging transport or other means.
Notification messages follow the following format:
{'message_id': six.text_type(uuid.uuid4()), 'publisher_id': 'compute.host1', 'timestamp': timeutils.utcnow(), 'priority': 'WARN', 'event_type': 'compute.create_instance', 'payload': {'instance_id': 12, ... }}
A Notifier object can be instantiated with a transport object and a publisher ID:
- notifier = messaging.Notifier(get_notification_transport(CONF),
- ‘compute’)
and notifications are sent via drivers chosen with the driver config option and on the topics chosen with the topics config option in [oslo_messaging_notifications] section.
Alternatively, a Notifier object can be instantiated with a specific driver or topic:
transport = notifier.get_notification_transport(CONF) notifier = notifier.Notifier(transport, 'compute.host', driver='messaging', topic='notifications')
Notifier objects are relatively expensive to instantiate (mostly the cost of loading notification drivers), so it is possible to specialize a given Notifier object with a different publisher id using the prepare() method:
notifier = notifier.prepare(publisher_id='compute') notifier.info(ctxt, event_type, payload)
-
audit
(ctxt, event_type, payload)¶ Send a notification at audit level.
Parameters: - ctxt (dict) – a request context dict
- event_type (str) – describes the event, for example ‘compute.create_instance’
- payload (dict) – the notification payload
Raises: MessageDeliveryFailure
-
critical
(ctxt, event_type, payload)¶ Send a notification at critical level.
Parameters: - ctxt (dict) – a request context dict
- event_type (str) – describes the event, for example ‘compute.create_instance’
- payload (dict) – the notification payload
Raises: MessageDeliveryFailure
-
debug
(ctxt, event_type, payload)¶ Send a notification at debug level.
Parameters: - ctxt (dict) – a request context dict
- event_type (str) – describes the event, for example ‘compute.create_instance’
- payload (dict) – the notification payload
Raises: MessageDeliveryFailure
-
error
(ctxt, event_type, payload)¶ Send a notification at error level.
Parameters: - ctxt (dict) – a request context dict
- event_type (str) – describes the event, for example ‘compute.create_instance’
- payload (dict) – the notification payload
Raises: MessageDeliveryFailure
-
info
(ctxt, event_type, payload)¶ Send a notification at info level.
Parameters: - ctxt (dict) – a request context dict
- event_type (str) – describes the event, for example ‘compute.create_instance’
- payload (dict) – the notification payload
Raises: MessageDeliveryFailure
-
prepare
(publisher_id=<object object>, retry=<object object>)¶ Return a specialized Notifier instance.
Returns a new Notifier instance with the supplied publisher_id. Allows sending notifications from multiple publisher_ids without the overhead of notification driver loading.
Parameters: - publisher_id (str) – field in notifications sent, for example ‘compute.host1’
- retry (int) – connection retries configuration (used by the messaging driver): None or -1 means to retry forever. 0 means no retry is attempted. N means attempt at most N retries.
-
sample
(ctxt, event_type, payload)¶ Send a notification at sample level.
Sample notifications are for high-frequency events that typically contain small payloads. eg: “CPU = 70%”
Not all drivers support the sample level (log, for example) so these could be dropped.
Parameters: - ctxt (dict) – a request context dict
- event_type (str) – describes the event, for example ‘compute.create_instance’
- payload (dict) – the notification payload
Raises: MessageDeliveryFailure
-
warn
(ctxt, event_type, payload)¶ Send a notification at warning level.
Parameters: - ctxt (dict) – a request context dict
- event_type (str) – describes the event, for example ‘compute.create_instance’
- payload (dict) – the notification payload
Raises: MessageDeliveryFailure
-
warning
(ctxt, event_type, payload)¶ Send a notification at warning level.
Parameters: - ctxt (dict) – a request context dict
- event_type (str) – describes the event, for example ‘compute.create_instance’
- payload (dict) – the notification payload
Raises: MessageDeliveryFailure
-
class
oslo_messaging.
LoggingNotificationHandler
(url, publisher_id=None, driver=None, topic=None, serializer=None)¶ Handler for logging to the messaging notification system.
Each time the application logs a message using the
logging
module, it will be sent as a notification. The severity used for the notification will be the same as the one used for the log record.This can be used into a Python logging configuration this way:
[handler_notifier] class=oslo_messaging.LoggingNotificationHandler level=ERROR args=('rabbit:///')
-
CONF
= <oslo_config.cfg.ConfigOpts object>¶ Default configuration object used, subclass this class if you want to use another one.
-
emit
(record)¶ Emit the log record to the messaging notification system.
Parameters: record – A log record to emit.
-
-
class
oslo_messaging.
LoggingErrorNotificationHandler
(*args, **kwargs)¶


?Ilil
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1
cm
6
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10
copyright
reserved
The
New.
York
Botanical
Garden
NEW
YORK
BOTANICAL
GARDEN
01501089
v
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
prov.
Seibo
Hydrocotyle
hirsuta
Sw.
var.
leptostachys
(A.Rich.)
Urb.
Pendant
plant
from
roadcut
and
trailing
in
grass.
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Canada
Hondo
E
of
Higiiey.
Vicinity
of
Higčey.
Coll.
R.
A.
&
E.
S.
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9781
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8-7,
1946
01501089
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


Using Jekyll with Hyde
02 Nov 2017Hi, this is a blog about me, Dominic Kiehn using Jekyll!
Using Jekyll
Here’s what I think about Jekyll:
- Adding new pages and content is pretty easy, since Markdown is more intuitive than using HTML although not quite as simple as adding new pages and posts using a dynamic CMS like Wordpress
- One of the annoying things that would trouble laymen is the need to use terminal and command line often, something that would be scary for anyone not a developer.
- Customising themes is about as hard as it is for Wordpress, maybe slightly harder.
Installation
- Installation of Jekyll was difficult at first since it required Ruby to be updated along with Ruby Gems. Doing so on Mac OSX was tricky but once that was finished Jekyll was much easier to install. See the installation guide here.
- Also this easy-to-follow guide touches on Installation of Jekyll as well as the rest of setting up a Jekyll website using the Hyde theme.
*Assuming that all pre-requisite system requirements are installed, just go to terminal and type:
$ gem install jekyll
Setting up the website
-
Creating a new website with the default Jekyll settings is the next step. I ran the website on my desktop like so:
$ cd Desktop/
$ jekyll new portfolio
-
Now go into the folder of the new website in the terminal and run the website on a local server like so:
cd portfolio/
jekyll serve
-
Open localhost:4000 in the browser and it should appear like this:
Adding Hyde
-
The website’s appearance is a little underwhelming. Let’s add one of the more popular themes, Hyde (Get it? Jekyll and Hyde?) to the website to spice it up
-
Since we haven’t made any content in the portfolio website, we can just ditch it. In the terminal, just go ‘control -c’ to stop the website being run in the server
- Download the theme, just go to https://github.com/poole/hyde and download the .zip file
- Unzip the file, move the folder ‘hyde-master’ to the desktop
-
Go into the folder in Terminal
- Use the
jekyll serve
command. -
If there are any errors, it is likely due to Hyde being built on an older version of Jekyll that’s no longer compatible. If that’s the case then just find the _config.yml file within the folder and change the settings to these:
-
The settings should now work, use
jekyll serve
again, then go to localhost:4000. - The website should now look like this:
Customising the website
- The theme can be further edited to change the colours, by changing the class of the body in /_layouts/default.html
-
See the different 8 different theme colours available:
-
This website uses
.theme-base-0d
-
The website layout can also be reversed by adding “layout-reverse” class to the ‘body’ element in default.html
-
Any further editing appearance-wise can be done by editing the ‘hyde.css’ and ‘poole.css’ files. Keep in mind that the Hyde theme is built on top of the Poole theme, so both will have to be edited. They can be found by going to /hyde-master/public/css
-
Editing the structure of the website by coding over the head.html and sidebar.html files in the ‘_includes’ folder and the default.html, page.html, and post.html files in the _layouts folder
-
You should never touch the ‘_site’ folder as is simply the final product of Jekyll compiling and rendering all the other files and folders outside the folder. Any inconsistency between files in the _site folder and the rest of the files outside the folder could risk breaking the website!
- Posts are kept in the ‘_posts’ folder. Simply copy one of the example posts as a template and start editing to add new content to the website.
Cross-browser
This website was tested using Google Chrome, Safari, and Opera. There were no difference to be noted across the three sites.
Thanks for reading my blog post!


vignettes/belg1.Rmd
belg1.Rmd
Boltzmann entropy (also called configurational entropy) has been recently adopted to analyze entropy of landscape gradients (Gao et al. (2017), Gao et al. (2018)). The goal of belg is to provide an efficient C++ implementation of this method in R. It also extend the original idea by allowing calculations on data with missing values.
Let’s take two small rasters - complex_land
representing a complex landscape and simple_land
representing a simple landscape.
The main function in this package, get_boltzmann()
, calculates the Boltzmann entropy of a landscape gradient:
get_boltzmann(complex_land)
#> [1] 48.43241
get_boltzmann(simple_land)
#> [1] 18.3818
The results, unsurprisingly, showed that the complex landscape has a larger value of the Boltzmann entropy than the simple one.
The get_boltzmann()
function accepts a RasterLayer
, RasterStack
, RasterBrick
, matrix
, or array
object as an input. As a default, it uses a logarithm of base 10 (log10
), however log
and log2
are also available options for the base
argument.
get_boltzmann(complex_land) # log10
#> [1] 48.43241
get_boltzmann(complex_land, base = "log")
#> [1] 111.5198
get_boltzmann(complex_land, base = "log2")
#> [1] 160.889
It also allows for calculation of the relative (the relative
argument equal to TRUE
) and absolute Boltzmann entropy of a landscape gradient.
The main idea behind the Boltzmann entropy of a landscape gradient is to calculate an entropy in a sliding window of 2 x 2 pixels. The relative configurational entropy is a sum of entropies for all windows of the original data.
get_boltzmann(complex_land, relative = TRUE)
#> [1] 35.50168
It is possible to calculate an average value for each sliding window of 2 x 2 pixels and therefore create a resampled version of the original dataset:
The absolute configurational entropy is a sum of relative configurational entropies for all levels, starting from the original data to the resampled dataset with at least two rows or columns.
get_boltzmann(complex_land, relative = FALSE)
#> [1] 48.43241
Determining the number of microstates belonging to a defined macrostate in a crucial concept for calculation of the configurational entropy. We explore this topic using five different cases of 2 x 2 windows:
win_1 = raster(matrix(c(1, 3, 3, 4), ncol = 2))
win_2 = raster(matrix(c(1, 3, 3, NA), ncol = 2))
win_3 = raster(matrix(c(1, 3, NA, NA), ncol = 2))
win_4 = raster(matrix(c(1, NA, NA, NA), ncol = 2))
win_5 = raster(matrix(c(NA, NA, NA, NA), ncol = 2))
The configurational entropy for data without missing values is calculated using the analytical method by Gao et al. (2018).
Twenty-four different microstate are possible in the above case. The common (base 10) logarithm of 24 is equal to 1.380211. We can compare this result to the get_boltzmann()
output:
get_boltzmann(win_1)
#> [1] 1.380211
The generalized (resampled) version of this window has one value, 3
, which is a rounded average of the four original values.
The papers of Gao et al. (2017, 2018) only considered data without missing values. However, the belg package provides a modification allowing for calculation also for data with missing values. Cells with NA
are not considered when calculating microstates.
For example, three microstates are possible for the above case:
The common (base 10) logarithm of 3 is equal to 0.477121.
get_boltzmann(win_2)
#> [1] 0.4771213
The generalized (resampled) version of this window is 2.
The third window has two combinations. The common logarithm of 2 is equal to 0.30103.
get_boltzmann(win_3)
#> [1] 0.30103
The generalized (resampled) version of this window is also 2.
The fourth window has only one microstate, therefore its common logarithm equals to 0.
get_boltzmann(win_4)
#> [1] 0
The generalized (resampled) version of this window is the same as only existing value - 1.
Finally, the last window consists of four missing values. In these cases, the configurational entropy is zero.
get_boltzmann(win_5)
#> [1] 0
Importantly, the generalized version of this window is represented by NA.


{% extends 'common/base.html' %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block style %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
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This website is also a central resource for our staff where they can check profiles/update them , as well as manage flight info, baggage, parking, cargo, security details.
Happy TravellingThe Airports Authority of India or AAI under the Ministry of Civil Aviation is responsible for creating, upgrading, maintaining and managing civil aviation infrastructure in India. It provides Air traffic management (ATM) services over Indian airspace and adjoining oceanic areas.
AAI manages 11 International Airports, 08 Customs Airports, 81 Domestic Airports and 25 Civil Enclaves at Defence Airfields.


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| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object eu.newsreader.eventcoreference.objects.Sem
public class Sem
Vocabulary definitions from sem.rdf
| Field Summary | |
|---|---|
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty |
accordingTo
According to is used to state which Authority sais that a property constrained by the View Constraint is true. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass |
Actor
Actors are entities that take part in an Event, either actively or passively. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty |
actorType
Has actor type is used to assign a type to an actor. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass |
ActorType
EventType contains all resources that are used to classify Actors, e.g. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass |
Authority
Authorities are entities that state SEM properties. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass |
Constraint
The SEM Constraint class contains instances of properties that have a constrained (i.e. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass |
Core
The SEM Core class contains all entities that make up the context of an event: Events, Actors, Places, Times. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass |
Event
Events are things that happen. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty |
eventProperty
Event properties connect Events to other SEM Core entities. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty |
eventType
Has event type is used to assign a type to an event. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass |
EventType
EventType contains all resources that are used to classify Events, e.g. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty |
hasActor
Has actor is used to state which Actors or Objects participate in an Event. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.DatatypeProperty |
hasBeginTimeStamp
Has begin timestamp is used to indicate the beginning of a time interval. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.DatatypeProperty |
hasEarliestBeginTimeStamp
Has earliest begin timestamp is used to indicate the earliest possible starting time of an uncertain time interval. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.DatatypeProperty |
hasEarliestEndTimeStamp
Has earliest end timestamp is used to indicate the earliest possible ending time of an uncertain time interval. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.DatatypeProperty |
hasEndTimeStamp
Has end timestamp is used to indicate the end of a time interval. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.DatatypeProperty |
hasLatestBeginTimeStamp
Has latest begin timestamp is used to indicate the latest possible starting time of an uncertain time interval. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.DatatypeProperty |
hasLatestEndTimeStamp
Has latest end timestamp is used to indicate the latest possible ending time of an uncertain time interval. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty |
hasPlace
Has place is used to state in which Place(s) an Event happened. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty |
hasSubEvent
Has subevent connects an Event to other Events that belong to it. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty |
hasSubType
Has sub type is used to state that a type falls under another type. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty |
hasTime
Has time is used to indicate at which time an Event took place or when a property under the Temporary Constraint is valid. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.DatatypeProperty |
hasTimeStamp
Has timestamp is used to put time indicators on any individual. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.Resource |
NAMESPACE
The namespace of the vocabulary as a resource |
static java.lang.String |
NS
The namespace of the vocabulary as a string |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass |
Object
Objects are passive, inanimate Actors. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass |
Place
Places are locations where an Event happens. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty |
placeType
Has place type is used to assign a type to a place. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass |
PlaceType
EventType contains all resources that are used to classify Places, e.g. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass |
Role
Roles are properties with a subspecified function or position indicated by a RoleType in the scope of an Event. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty |
roleType
Has role type is used to assign a role type to a Role property constraint. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass |
RoleType
EventType contains all resources that are used to classify Roles, e.g. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty |
subEventOf
Inverse property of hasSubEvent |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty |
subTypeOf
The inverse property of hasSubType. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass |
Temporary
Temporaries are properties that only hold during a certain Time, which is either indicated with the sem:hasTime property to an instance of sem:Time, or with the sem:hasTimeStamp property to some timestamp(s). |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass |
Time
Time contains symbolic representations of when an Event took place. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty |
timeType
Has time type is used to assign a type to a time individual. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass |
TimeType
EventType contains all resources that are used to classify Time, e.g. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty |
type
Type is the super property of the properties that are used to indicate the type of a Core instance, eventType, actorType, placeType, timeType; and of roleType. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass |
Type
The SEM Type class contains all types of Core instances. |
static com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass |
View
Views are properties that only hold according to a certain Authority. |
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
Sem()
|
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
static java.lang.String |
getURI()
The namespace of the vocabulary as a string |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
|---|
public static final java.lang.String NS
The namespace of the vocabulary as a string
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.Resource NAMESPACE
The namespace of the vocabulary as a resource
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty accordingTo
According to is used to state which Authority sais that a property constrained by the View Constraint is true.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty actorType
Has actor type is used to assign a type to an actor.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty eventProperty
Event properties connect Events to other SEM Core entities.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty eventType
Has event type is used to assign a type to an event.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty hasActor
Has actor is used to state which Actors or Objects participate in an Event.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty hasPlace
Has place is used to state in which Place(s) an Event happened. Coordinates can be attached to the Place with the W3C Geospatial Vocabulary (http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/geo/XGR-geo-20071023/).
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty hasSubEvent
Has subevent connects an Event to other Events that belong to it. This is a very generic property that does not mean the subevents fully define the superconcept or that there is any causal relationship.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty hasSubType
Has sub type is used to state that a type falls under another type. This is a generic aggregation relation that is used to generalize over various hierarchical relations that can exist between types.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty hasTime
Has time is used to indicate at which time an Event took place or when a property under the Temporary Constraint is valid. Has time points to a symbolic representation of time, which allows semantic relations between time resources. (see http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-time/)
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty placeType
Has place type is used to assign a type to a place.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty roleType
Has role type is used to assign a role type to a Role property constraint. This role is a subspecification of the eventProperty which it constrains. For example, if an Event hasActor an Actor and this property is given a Role Constraint, then roleType can be used to assign a role to the participation of the Actor in the Event indicated by hasActor.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty subEventOf
Inverse property of hasSubEvent
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty subTypeOf
The inverse property of hasSubType.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty timeType
Has time type is used to assign a type to a time individual.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.ObjectProperty type
Type is the super property of the properties that are used to indicate the type of a Core instance, eventType, actorType, placeType, timeType; and of roleType. Types can be both classes and individuals, cf. OWL 2 punning.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.DatatypeProperty hasBeginTimeStamp
Has begin timestamp is used to indicate the beginning of a time interval. Omitting the hasBeginTimeStamp while stating a hasEndTimeStamp is interpreted as an open ended interval.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.DatatypeProperty hasEarliestBeginTimeStamp
Has earliest begin timestamp is used to indicate the earliest possible starting time of an uncertain time interval.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.DatatypeProperty hasEarliestEndTimeStamp
Has earliest end timestamp is used to indicate the earliest possible ending time of an uncertain time interval.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.DatatypeProperty hasEndTimeStamp
Has end timestamp is used to indicate the end of a time interval. Omitting the hasEndTimeStamp while stating a hasBeginTimeStamp is interpreted as an open ended interval.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.DatatypeProperty hasLatestBeginTimeStamp
Has latest begin timestamp is used to indicate the latest possible starting time of an uncertain time interval.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.DatatypeProperty hasLatestEndTimeStamp
Has latest end timestamp is used to indicate the latest possible ending time of an uncertain time interval.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.DatatypeProperty hasTimeStamp
Has timestamp is used to put time indicators on any individual. It is the most common way to state when an Event took place. There are subproperties of hasTimeStamp to represent time intervals and uncertain time intervals. If the exact moment is not known, but it is necessary to specify a certain time, use hasTime instead. All of these properties are also used to indicate the time at which a property under the Temporary Constraint is valid.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass Actor
Actors are entities that take part in an Event, either actively or passively. Actors do not necessarily have to be sentient. They can also be objects. Actors are a thing, animate or inanimate, physical or non-physical.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass ActorType
EventType contains all resources that are used to classify Actors, e.g. person
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass Authority
Authorities are entities that state SEM properties. Their nature is not specified. They can symbolize people, organizations, sources of information, etc.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass Constraint
The SEM Constraint class contains instances of properties that have a constrained (i.e. not universal) validity. This includes time dependent validity (Temporary), validity in the guise of a specific role (Role), or validity according to a given Authority (View).
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass Core
The SEM Core class contains all entities that make up the context of an event: Events, Actors, Places, Times. This class is meant to be extended for each application domain.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass Event
Events are things that happen. This comprises everything from historical events to web site sessions and mythical journeys. Event is the central class of SEM.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass EventType
EventType contains all resources that are used to classify Events, e.g. meeting.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass Object
Objects are passive, inanimate Actors.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass Place
Places are locations where an Event happens. They do not need to be physical places and hence do not necessarily need coordinates. Neither do they need to have any significance apart from them being the location of an Event.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass PlaceType
EventType contains all resources that are used to classify Places, e.g. river.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass Role
Roles are properties with a subspecified function or position indicated by a RoleType in the scope of an Event. For example, the sem:hasActor property can be subspecified with the RoleType attacker, to denote that the type of participation of the Actor in the scope of the Event is "attacker". The sem:hasPlace property can be subspecified with the RoleType origin, to denote that within the scope of the Event it is the origin.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass RoleType
EventType contains all resources that are used to classify Roles, e.g. receiver.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass Temporary
Temporaries are properties that only hold during a certain Time, which is either indicated with the sem:hasTime property to an instance of sem:Time, or with the sem:hasTimeStamp property to some timestamp(s).
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass Time
Time contains symbolic representations of when an Event took place. Time instances do not necessarily need to have a timestamp associated with them. The Time class exists to represent semantics of time, e.g. that one thing happens before another, even though the exact timestamps are unknown.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass TimeType
EventType contains all resources that are used to classify Time, e.g. century.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass Type
The SEM Type class contains all types of Core instances. These can be either individuals of classes themselves. This class is meant to be extended for each application domain.
public static final com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntClass View
Views are properties that only hold according to a certain Authority.
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public Sem()
| Method Detail |
|---|
public static java.lang.String getURI()
The namespace of the vocabulary as a string
NS
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Welcome to Firmabello BE
FirmaBello BE Ltd is a registered company in Germany that trades on commodities. Working with seasoned and highly skilled associates, the company delivers lasting solutions to its clients in a consistent manner.
We provide business services across Germany and internationally, offering services in projects financing, funding and consultation. The company is a premier trader in rough diamond, oil & petro-chemical industrial products and a lot comes in between as far as international business is concerned.
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[ Module Hierarchy
| Class Hierarchy ]
Module Hierarchy
- pygeodesy: A pure Python implementation of geodesy tools for various
ellipsoidal and spherical earth models using precision
trigonometric, vector-based, exact, elliptic and approximate
methods for geodetic (lat-/longitude) and geocentric (ECEF
cartesian) coordinates.
- pygeodesy.__main__: Print pygeodesy
version, etc.
- pygeodesy.albers: Albers Equal-Area projections.
- pygeodesy.azimuthal: Equidistant, Equal-Area, and other Azimuthal projections.
- pygeodesy.basics: Some, basic definitions and functions.
- pygeodesy.cartesianBase: (INTERNAL) Base classes for elliposiodal, spherical and
N-/vectorial
Cartesian
s.
- pygeodesy.clipy: Clip a path or polygon.
- pygeodesy.css: Cassini-Soldner (CSS) projection.
- pygeodesy.datums: Datums and transformations thereof.
- pygeodesy.deprecated: DEPRECATED classes, functions, methods, etc.
- pygeodesy.dms: Parsers and formatters of degrees, minutes and seconds.
- pygeodesy.ecef: Geocentric Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed (ECEF) coordinates.
- pygeodesy.elevations: Web-services-based elevations and geoid heights.
- pygeodesy.ellipsoidalBase: (INTERNAL) Ellipsoidal geodesy base classes
CartesianEllipsoidalBase
and
LatLonEllipsoidalBase
.
- pygeodesy.ellipsoidalBaseDI: (INTERNAL) Ellipsoidal direct/inverse geodesy base class
LatLonEllipsoidalBaseDI
and functions.
- pygeodesy.ellipsoidalExact: Exact ellipsoidal geodesy using Karney's Exact Geodesic.
- pygeodesy.ellipsoidalGeodSolve: Exact ellipsoidal geodesy, intended for testing purposes
only.
- pygeodesy.ellipsoidalKarney: Ellipsoidal, Karney-based geodesy.
- pygeodesy.ellipsoidalNvector: Ellipsoidal,
N-vector
-based geodesy.
- pygeodesy.ellipsoidalVincenty: Ellipsoidal, Vincenty-based geodesy.
- pygeodesy.ellipsoids: Ellipsoidal and spherical earth models.
- pygeodesy.elliptic: Karney's elliptic functions and integrals.
- pygeodesy.epsg: European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) en-/decoding.
- pygeodesy.errors: Errors, exceptions and exception chaining.
- pygeodesy.etm: Karney's Exact Transverse Mercator (ETM) projection.
- pygeodesy.fmath: Precision floating point functions, classes and utilities.
- pygeodesy.formy: Formulary of basic geodesy functions and approximations.
- pygeodesy.frechet: Fréchet distances.
- pygeodesy.gars: Global Area Reference System (GARS) en-/decoding.
- pygeodesy.geodesicx: A Python version of Karney's C++ classes GeodesicExact and GeodesicLineExact.
- pygeodesy.geodsolve: Wrapper to invoke Karney's GeodSolve utility as an (exact) geodesic, but
intended for testing purposes only.
- pygeodesy.geohash: Geohash en-/decoding.
- pygeodesy.geoids: Geoid models and interpolations.
- pygeodesy.hausdorff: Hausdorff distances.
- pygeodesy.heights: Height interpolation methods.
- pygeodesy.interns: Single-instance
float
s and str
ings,
intern
'ed across modules.
- pygeodesy.iters: Iterators with options.
- pygeodesy.karney: Charles F.F. Karney's geographiclib
geodesic
, wrapped.
- pygeodesy.latlonBase: (INTERNAL) Base class LatLonBase for elliposiodal, spherical and
N-vectorial
LatLon
s.
- pygeodesy.lazily: Lazily import
pygeodesy
modules and attributes, based
on lazy_import from Brett Cannon's modutil.
- pygeodesy.lcc: Lambert Conformal Conic (LCC) projection.
- pygeodesy.ltp: Local Tangent Plane (LTP) and local cartesian
coordinates.
- pygeodesy.ltpTuples: Named, Local Tangent Plane (LTP) tuples.
- pygeodesy.mgrs: Military Grid Reference System (MGRS/NATO) references.
- pygeodesy.named: (INTERNAL) Nameable class instances.
- pygeodesy.namedTuples: Named tuples.
- pygeodesy.nvectorBase: (INTERNAL) Base classes for elliposiodal and spherical
Nvector
s.
- pygeodesy.osgr: Ordinance Survey Grid References (OSGR) references.
- pygeodesy.points: Utilities for point lists, tuples, etc.
- pygeodesy.props: Im-/mutable, caching or memoizing properties and deprecation
decorators.
- pygeodesy.simplify: Simplify or linearize a path.
- pygeodesy.sphericalBase: (INTERNAL) Spherical geodesy bases.
- pygeodesy.sphericalNvector: Spherical,
N-vector
-based geodesy.
- pygeodesy.sphericalTrigonometry: Spherical,
trigonometry
-based geodesy.
- pygeodesy.streprs: Floating point and other formatting utilities.
- pygeodesy.trf: Veness' Terrestrial Reference Frames (TRF).
- pygeodesy.units: Various
Float
, Int
and
Str
ing units.
- pygeodesy.ups: Karney's Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) projection.
- pygeodesy.utily: Various utility functions.
- pygeodesy.utm: Veness' Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection.
- pygeodesy.utmups: Karney's UTM and UPS utilities.
- pygeodesy.utmupsBase: (INTERNAL) ETM, Epsg, Mgrs, UTM and UPS bases.
- pygeodesy.vector2d: 2- or 3-D vectorial functions circin6, circum3, circum4_, iscolinearWith, meeus2, nearestOn, radii11, soddy4, trilaterate2d2 and trilaterate3d2.
- pygeodesy.vector3d: Extended 3-D vector class Vector3d and functions.
- pygeodesy.vector3dBase: Veness' 3-D vector base class
Vector3dBase
.
- pygeodesy.webmercator: Web Mercator (WM) projection.
- pygeodesy.wgrs: World Geographic Reference System (WGRS) en-/decoding.


For the visual learners frustrated with the lack of helpful diagrams on USACO solutions. This site is intended to be used as a supplement to the official solutions and will not directly explain how to solve the problems, just provide diagrams that show how the official solution works.
Note: For all pre-2015/2016 problems, the topics covered by silver are actually topics covered by modern gold problems. Case in point, the official solution uses Djisktra's shortest path algorithm.
This problem is best represented by a graph. The official solutions says to use a set (to prevent repeats) to store every single coordinate that represents a barn, as well as the 4 adjacent nodes. I have represented that below, with black dots as barns and red Xs as adjacent coordinates, also nodes.
Now, we want to connect these nodes. We will connect 2 nodes if there exists a path between them that changes direction at most once AND does not cross any farms. The distance traveled between those 2 nodes (Manhattan Distance) will be the weight of the edge. This distance will be the shortest distance between any 2 nodes if we only move vertically and horizontally. The edges are drawn below, with a weight shown as an example.
Now, Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm can be run on every single barn to find the shortest path between itself and the next barn. Make sure to avoid visiting any barns in between though.
If the shortest possible path between 2 barns is blocked by anotehr barn, we can use one of the adjacent coordinates of the blocking barn to try to the connect the 2 barns. I have highlighted the direct shortest path between 6 and 7 in green, as well as the indirect path between 2 and 3 in purple to show how the adjacent node to 4 is used to connect 2 and 3. This logic can be applied for even more complex paths as well.
For more specifics, like complexity and code, go to the official solution. This is merely intended to be used as a supplement to make the official solution make more sense.


Almost the same as writeJsonSync
, except that if the directory does not exist, it's created.
options
are what you'd pass to jsonFile.writeFileSync()
.
Alias: outputJSONSync()
file
<String>
object
<Object>
options
<Object>
const fs = require('fs-extra')
const file = '/tmp/this/path/does/not/exist/file.json'
fs.outputJsonSync(file, {name: 'JP'})
const data = fs.readJsonSync(file)
console.log(data.name) // => JP


All of the below functions can be found in the dowson_hamrock
module of the package.
This module contains functions related to Dowson-Hamrock film thickness calculations.
dowhamline
(vel_entrain, force, alpha_p, e_eff, r_eff, eta, l_eff)[source]¶Calculate the mean film thickness in a line contact according to Dowson-Hamrock.
| Parameters: |
|
|---|---|
| Returns: | h_0 – The central lubricating film thickness in the contact. |
| Return type: | ndarray, scalar |
dowhampoint
(vel_entrain, force, alpha_p, e_eff, r_eff, eta)[source]¶Calculate the mean film thickness in a point contact according to Dowson-Hamrock.
| Parameters: |
|
|---|---|
| Returns: | h_0 – The central lubricating film thickness in the contact. |
| Return type: | ndarray, scalar |
edowham
(alpha_p, e_eff)[source]¶Calculate the elasticity parameter of the contact problem according to Dowson-Hamrock.
| Parameters: |
|
|---|---|
| Returns: | param_elasticity – The elasticity parameter of the contact problem. |
| Return type: | ndarray, scalar |
vdowham
(eta, vel_entrain, e_eff, r_eff)[source]¶Calculate the velocity parameter of the contact problem according to Dowson-Hamrock.
| Parameters: |
|
|---|---|
| Returns: | param_velocity – The velocity parameter of the contact problem. |
| Return type: | ndarray, scalar |


function GetTransformedBounds: TRect; virtual; abstract;
Returns the bounding rectangle that surrounds the destination area affected by the transformation. The coordinates of the rectangle are specified relative to the destination bitmap origin. Not all derived transformation types may be able to specify transformed bounds. In that case, the source rectangle is returned.


Learning JavaScript
This text was hidden before..
We can change HTML state using JavaScript
This is a demo of function in JavaScript..This text will change in a moment


Monitor GUI
Network time:[[networkTime]]
Node
Address: [[selectedNode]]
status: [[node.status]]
[[key]]: [[value]]
[[edge.from]]
Data send: [[edge.fromSend]] Byte
Data received: [[edge.fromReceive]] Byte
[[edge.to]]
Data send: [[edge.toSend]] Byte
Data received: [[edge.toReceive]] Byte
IO
CPU usage / Performance
CPU usage
Performance
Total CPU usage


New_CETA_AR
File List
Here is a list of all files with brief descriptions:
[detail level
1
2
3
4
]
▼
Assets
▼
Scripts
▼
AR Scripts
close_video.cs
control_button.cs
create_player.cs
PlayAnimationOnEnable.cs
▼
CETA Scripts
ARManager.cs
ARTrigger.cs
CETAUIManager.cs
EventPanelManager.cs
EventScript.cs
FacultyManager.cs
FloorLayerDisplay.cs
FloorLayerTrigger.cs
FloorTeleport.cs
InfoTrigger.cs
PlayerController.cs
RoomManager.cs
ScenesManager.cs
SideMenu.cs
VideoManager.cs
▼
Game Scripts
GameUIManager.cs
MazeRunnerManager.cs
MazeRunnerPlayer.cs
MazeRunnerPoint.cs
Generated by
1.8.18


@@include('_header.html') @@include('_section-intro.html') @@include('_block-editor.html') @@include('_features.html')@@include('_section-feedback.html') @@include('_section-pricing.html')


Maintenance
Southern Maine Aviation offers aircraft maintenance and repairs plus various other services, including towing, lavatory service, GPU, preheat, battery charging, etc. We can also help you with oils, coolant, nitrogen, and TKS de-icing fluid.


The FluidFlow object calculates the flow rate between a source and a destination by solving the unsteady Bernoulli equation.


Active ingredient (in each tablet)
Clemastine fumarate, USP 1.34 mg (equivalent to 1 mg clemastine)
Uses
temporarily reduces these symptoms of the common cold, hay fever, and other respiratory allergies:
- runny nose
- itchy, watery eyes
- sneezing
- itching of the nose or throat
Warnings
Ask a doctor before use if you have
- a breathing problem such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis
- glaucoma
- trouble urinating due to an enlargement of the prostate gland
Ask a doctor or pharmacist before use if you are
taking sedatives or tranquilizers
When using this product
- avoid alcoholic drinks
- drowsiness may occur
- alcohol, sedatives, and tranquilizers may increase drowsiness
- be careful when driving a motor vehicle or operating machinery
- excitability may occur, especially in children
If pregnant or breast-feeding,
ask a health professional before use.
Keep out of reach of children.
In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.
Directions
- adults and children 12 years of age and over: take 1 tablet every 12 hours; not more than 2 tablets in 24 hours unless directed by a doctor
- children under 12 years of age: consult a doctor
Other information
- sodium free
- store at 15°-30°C (59°-86°F)
Inactive ingredients
colloidal silicon dioxide, corn starch, lactose monohydrate, povidone, pregelatinized starch, stearic acid
Principal Display Panel
dayhist® allergy
CLEMASTINE FUMARATE TABLETS, USP 1.34 mg
ANTIHISTAMINE
12-hour relief:
runny nose
sneezing
itchy, watery eyes
itchy throat
ACTUAL SIZE
Compare to the Active Ingredient in Tavist® Allergy


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Platter is a social networking site for students of SRKR Engineering College.Its main aim is to unite entire college by the theme of friendship.Let us explore the Indian made mini social networking site.Share your suggestions and queries through our facebook page "platterpeople" provided in the footer below.