New in version 1.0.
Originally, Sphinx was conceived for a single project, the documentation of the Python language. Shortly afterwards, it was made available for everyone as a documentation tool, but the documentation of Python modules remained deeply built in – the most fundamental directives, like function, were designed for Python objects. Since Sphinx has become somewhat popular, interest developed in using it for many different purposes: C/C++ projects, JavaScript, or even reStructuredText markup (like in this documentation).
While this was always possible, it is now much easier to easily support documentation of projects using different programming languages or even ones not supported by the main Sphinx distribution, by providing a domain for every such purpose.
A domain is a collection of markup (reStructuredText directives and roles) to describe and link to objects belonging together, e.g. elements of a programming language. Directive and role names in a domain have names like domain:name, e.g. py:function. Domains can also provide custom indices (like the Python Module Index).
Having domains means that there are no naming problems when one set of documentation wants to refer to e.g. C++ and Python classes. It also means that extensions that support the documentation of whole new languages are much easier to write.
This section describes what the domains that come with Sphinx provide. The domain API is documented as well, in the section Domain API.
Most domains provide a number of object description directives, used to describe specific objects provided by modules. Each directive requires one or more signatures to provide basic information about what is being described, and the content should be the description. The basic version makes entries in the general index; if no index entry is desired, you can give the directive option flag :noindex:. An example using a Python domain directive:
.. py:function:: spam(eggs)
ham(eggs)
Spam or ham the foo.
This describes the two Python functions spam and ham. (Note that when signatures become too long, you can break them if you add a backslash to lines that are continued in the next line. Example:
.. py:function:: filterwarnings(action, message='', category=Warning, \
module='', lineno=0, append=False)
:noindex:
(This example also shows how to use the :noindex: flag.)
The domains also provide roles that link back to these object descriptions. For example, to link to one of the functions described in the example above, you could say
The function :py:func:`spam` does a similar thing.
As you can see, both directive and role names contain the domain name and the directive name.
Default Domain
To avoid having to writing the domain name all the time when you e.g. only describe Python objects, a default domain can be selected with either the config value :confval:`primary_domain` or this directive:
Select a new default domain. While the :confval:`primary_domain` selects a global default, this only has an effect within the same file.
If no other default is selected, the Python domain (named py) is the default one, mostly for compatibility with documentation written for older versions of Sphinx.
Directives and roles that belong to the default domain can be mentioned without giving the domain name, i.e.
.. function:: pyfunc()
Describes a Python function.
Reference to :func:`pyfunc`.
For cross-reference roles provided by domains, the same facilities exist as for general cross-references. See Cross-referencing syntax.
In short:
The Python domain (name py) provides the following directives for module declarations:
This directive marks the beginning of the description of a module (or package submodule, in which case the name should be fully qualified, including the package name). It does not create content (like e.g. py:class does).
This directive will also cause an entry in the global module index.
The platform option, if present, is a comma-separated list of the platforms on which the module is available (if it is available on all platforms, the option should be omitted). The keys are short identifiers; examples that are in use include “IRIX”, “Mac”, “Windows”, and “Unix”. It is important to use a key which has already been used when applicable.
The synopsis option should consist of one sentence describing the module’s purpose – it is currently only used in the Global Module Index.
The deprecated option can be given (with no value) to mark a module as deprecated; it will be designated as such in various locations then.
This directive tells Sphinx that the classes, functions etc. documented from here are in the given module (like py:module), but it will not create index entries, an entry in the Global Module Index, or a link target for py:mod. This is helpful in situations where documentation for things in a module is spread over multiple files or sections – one location has the py:module directive, the others only py:currentmodule.
The following directives are provided for module and class contents:
Describes global data in a module, including both variables and values used as “defined constants.” Class and object attributes are not documented using this environment.
Describes an exception class. The signature can, but need not include parentheses with constructor arguments.
Describes a module-level function. The signature should include the parameters as given in the Python function definition, see Python Signatures. For example:
.. py:function:: Timer.repeat(repeat=3, number=1000000)
For methods you should use py:method.
The description should include information about the parameters required and how they are used (especially whether mutable objects passed as parameters are modified), side effects, and possible exceptions. This information can optionally be given in a structured form, see Info field lists. A small example may be provided.
Describes a class. The signature can optionally include parentheses with parameters which will be shown as the constructor arguments. See also Python Signatures.
Methods and attributes belonging to the class should be placed in this directive’s body. If they are placed outside, the supplied name should contain the class name so that cross-references still work. Example:
.. py:class:: Foo
.. py:method:: quux()
-- or --
.. py:class:: Bar
.. py:method:: Bar.quux()
The first way is the preferred one.
Describes an object data attribute. The description should include information about the type of the data to be expected and whether it may be changed directly.
Describes an object method. The parameters should not include the self parameter. The description should include similar information to that described for function. See also Python Signatures and Info field lists.
Like py:method, but indicates that the method is a static method.
New in version 0.4.
Like py:method, but indicates that the method is a class method.
New in version 0.6.
Describes a decorator function. The signature should represent the usage as a decorator. For example, given the functions
def removename(func):
func.__name__ = ''
return func
def setnewname(name):
def decorator(func):
func.__name__ = name
return func
return decorator
the descriptions should look like this:
.. py:decorator:: removename
Remove name of the decorated function.
.. py:decorator:: setnewname(name)
Set name of the decorated function to *name*.
(as opposed to .. py:decorator:: removename(func).)
There is no py:deco role to link to a decorator that is marked up with this directive; rather, use the py:func role.
Same as py:decorator, but for decorators that are methods.
Refer to a decorator method using the py:meth role.
Signatures of functions, methods and class constructors can be given like they would be written in Python.
Default values for optional arguments can be given (but if they contain commas, they will confuse the signature parser). Python 3-style argument annotations can also be given as well as return type annotations:
.. py:function:: compile(source : string, filename, symbol='file') -> ast object
For functions with optional parameters that don’t have default values (typically functions implemented in C extension modules without keyword argument support), you can use brackets to specify the optional parts:
- compile(source[, filename[, symbol]])¶
It is customary to put the opening bracket before the comma.
New in version 0.4.
Inside Python object description directives, reST field lists with these fields are recognized and formatted nicely:
The field names must consist of one of these keywords and an argument (except for returns and rtype, which do not need an argument). This is best explained by an example:
.. py:function:: send_message(sender, recipient, message_body, [priority=1])
Send a message to a recipient
:param str sender: The person sending the message
:param str recipient: The recipient of the message
:param str message_body: The body of the message
:param priority: The priority of the message, can be a number 1-5
:type priority: integer or None
:return: the message id
:rtype: int
:raises ValueError: if the message_body exceeds 160 characters
:raises TypeError: if the message_body is not a basestring
This will render like this:
- send_message(sender, recipient, message_body[, priority=1])
Send a message to a recipient
Parameters: Returns: the message id
Return type: int
Raises:
- ValueError – if the message_body exceeds 160 characters
- TypeError – if the message_body is not a basestring
It is also possible to combine parameter type and description, if the type is a single word, like this:
:param int priority: The priority of the message, can be a number 1-5
The following roles refer to objects in modules and are possibly hyperlinked if a matching identifier is found:
Reference a module; a dotted name may be used. This should also be used for package names.
Reference a Python function; dotted names may be used. The role text needs not include trailing parentheses to enhance readability; they will be added automatically by Sphinx if the :confval:`add_function_parentheses` config value is true (the default).
Reference a module-level variable.
Reference a “defined” constant. This may be a Python variable that is not intended to be changed.
Reference a class; a dotted name may be used.
Reference a method of an object. The role text can include the type name and the method name; if it occurs within the description of a type, the type name can be omitted. A dotted name may be used.
Reference a data attribute of an object.
Reference an exception. A dotted name may be used.
Reference an object of unspecified type. Useful e.g. as the :confval:`default_role`.
New in version 0.4.
The name enclosed in this markup can include a module name and/or a class name. For example, :py:func:`filter` could refer to a function named filter in the current module, or the built-in function of that name. In contrast, :py:func:`foo.filter` clearly refers to the filter function in the foo module.
Normally, names in these roles are searched first without any further qualification, then with the current module name prepended, then with the current module and class name (if any) prepended. If you prefix the name with a dot, this order is reversed. For example, in the documentation of Python’s codecs module, :py:func:`open` always refers to the built-in function, while :py:func:`.open` refers to codecs.open().
A similar heuristic is used to determine whether the name is an attribute of the currently documented class.
Also, if the name is prefixed with a dot, and no exact match is found, the target is taken as a suffix and all object names with that suffix are searched. For example, :py:meth:`.TarFile.close` references the tarfile.TarFile.close() function, even if the current module is not tarfile. Since this can get ambiguous, if there is more than one possible match, you will get a warning from Sphinx.
Note that you can combine the ~ and . prefixes: :py:meth:`~.TarFile.close` will reference the tarfile.TarFile.close() method, but the visible link caption will only be close().
The C domain (name c) is suited for documentation of C API.
Describes a C function. The signature should be given as in C, e.g.:
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyType_GenericAlloc(PyTypeObject *type, Py_ssize_t nitems)
This is also used to describe function-like preprocessor macros. The names of the arguments should be given so they may be used in the description.
Note that you don’t have to backslash-escape asterisks in the signature, as it is not parsed by the reST inliner.
Describes a C struct member. Example signature:
.. c:member:: PyObject* PyTypeObject.tp_bases
The text of the description should include the range of values allowed, how the value should be interpreted, and whether the value can be changed. References to structure members in text should use the member role.
Describes a “simple” C macro. Simple macros are macros which are used for code expansion, but which do not take arguments so cannot be described as functions. This is a simple C-language #define. Examples of its use in the Python documentation include PyObject_HEAD and Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS.
Describes a C type (whether defined by a typedef or struct). The signature should just be the type name.
Describes a global C variable. The signature should include the type, such as:
.. c:var:: PyObject* PyClass_Type
The following roles create cross-references to C-language constructs if they are defined in the documentation:
Reference a C-language variable.
Reference a C-language function. Should include trailing parentheses.
Reference a “simple” C macro, as defined above.
Reference a C-language type.
The C++ domain (name cpp) supports documenting C++ projects.
The following directives are available:
Describe a C++ object. Full signature specification is supported – give the signature as you would in the declaration. Here some examples:
.. cpp:function:: bool namespaced::theclass::method(int arg1, std::string arg2)
Describes a method with parameters and types.
.. cpp:function:: bool namespaced::theclass::method(arg1, arg2)
Describes a method without types.
.. cpp:function:: const T &array<T>::operator[]() const
Describes the constant indexing operator of a templated array.
.. cpp:function:: operator bool() const
Describe a casting operator here.
.. cpp:function:: constexpr void foo(std::string &bar[2]) noexcept
Describe a constexpr function here.
.. cpp:member:: std::string theclass::name
.. cpp:member:: std::string theclass::name[N][M]
.. cpp:type:: theclass::const_iterator
Will be rendered like this:
- bool namespaced::theclass::method(int arg1, std::string arg2)¶
Describes a method with parameters and types.
- bool namespaced::theclass::method(arg1, arg2)¶
Describes a method without types.
- const T& array<T>::operator[]() const¶
Describes the constant indexing operator of a templated array.
- operator bool() const¶
Describe a casting operator here.
- constexpr void foo(std::string& bar[2]) noexcept¶
Describe a constexpr function here.
- std::string theclass::name¶
- std::string theclass::name[N][M]¶
- type theclass::const_iterator¶
Select the current C++ namespace for the following objects.
These roles link to the given object types:
Reference a C++ object. You can give the full signature (and need to, for overloaded functions.)
Note
Sphinx’ syntax to give references a custom title can interfere with linking to template classes, if nothing follows the closing angle bracket, i.e. if the link looks like this: :cpp:class:`MyClass<T>`. This is interpreted as a link to T with a title of MyClass. In this case, please escape the opening angle bracket with a backslash, like this: :cpp:class:`MyClass\<T>`.
Note on References
It is currently impossible to link to a specific version of an overloaded method. Currently the C++ domain is the first domain that has basic support for overloaded methods and until there is more data for comparison we don’t want to select a bad syntax to reference a specific overload. Currently Sphinx will link to the first overloaded version of the method / function.
The so-called “standard” domain collects all markup that doesn’t warrant a domain of its own. Its directives and roles are not prefixed with a domain name.
The standard domain is also where custom object descriptions, added using the add_object_type() API, are placed.
There is a set of directives allowing documenting command-line programs:
Describes a command line argument or switch. Option argument names should be enclosed in angle brackets. Examples:
.. option:: dest_dir
Destination directory.
.. option:: -m <module>, --module <module>
Run a module as a script.
The directive will create cross-reference targets for the given options, referencable by option (in the example case, you’d use something like :option:`dest_dir`, :option:`-m`, or :option:`--module`).
Describes an environment variable that the documented code or program uses or defines. Referencable by envvar.
Like py:currentmodule, this directive produces no output. Instead, it serves to notify Sphinx that all following option directives document options for the program called name.
If you use program, you have to qualify the references in your option roles by the program name, so if you have the following situation
.. program:: rm
.. option:: -r
Work recursively.
.. program:: svn
.. option:: -r revision
Specify the revision to work upon.
then :option:`rm -r` would refer to the first option, while :option:`svn -r` would refer to the second one.
The program name may contain spaces (in case you want to document subcommands like svn add and svn commit separately).
New in version 0.5.
There is also a very generic object description directive, which is not tied to any domain:
The JavaScript domain (name js) provides the following directives:
Describes a JavaScript function or method. If you want to describe arguments as optional use square brackets as documented for Python signatures.
You can use fields to give more details about arguments and their expected types, errors which may be thrown by the function, and the value being returned:
.. js:function:: $.getJSON(href, callback[, errback])
:param string href: An URI to the location of the resource.
:param callback: Gets called with the object.
:param errback:
Gets called in case the request fails. And a lot of other
text so we need multiple lines.
:throws SomeError: For whatever reason in that case.
:returns: Something.
This is rendered as:
- $.getJSON(href, callback[, errback])¶
Arguments:
- href (string) – An URI to the location of the resource.
- callback – Gets called with the object.
- errback – Gets called in case the request fails. And a lot of other text so we need multiple lines.
Throws SomeError: For whatever reason in that case.
Returns: Something.
Describes a constructor that creates an object. This is basically like a function but will show up with a class prefix:
.. js:class:: MyAnimal(name[, age])
:param string name: The name of the animal
:param number age: an optional age for the animal
This is rendered as:
- class MyAnimal(name[, age])¶
Arguments:
- name (string) – The name of the animal
- age (number) – an optional age for the animal
Describes a global variable or constant.
Describes the attribute name of object.
These roles are provided to refer to the described objects:
The reStructuredText domain (name rst) provides the following directives:
Describes a reST directive. The name can be a single directive name or actual directive syntax (.. prefix and :: suffix) with arguments that will be rendered differently. For example:
.. rst:directive:: foo
Foo description.
.. rst:directive:: .. bar:: baz
Bar description.
will be rendered as:
Describes a reST role. For example:
.. rst:role:: foo
Foo description.
will be rendered as:
- :foo:¶
Foo description.
These roles are provided to refer to the described objects:


Having grown salvia for about 4 years, I'm pretty familiar with propagation, growth patterns, and the parasitic insects that can suck the plant dry (sterilize your soils!); outdoor growth is by far the best.
Haven't consumed any in a while: it's too overwhelming at times, though the good experiences are worth it..you just can't predict when these will be. Early on in usage, a friend and I noticed a sort of physical expansion feeling, like the comic character Plastic Man. This was generally in combination with cannabis, with salvia the minority component. Fun, pleasant.
First weird experience was turning around to see my friend covered with animated white squiggles all over his body that looked like the numeral '1'. Very jolting and unexpected, although closing my eyes and resting alleviated the tension I felt (this had been an eyes-open hallucination). Another interesting situation was in public, (do not do this!) where it was impossible to tell whether I had spoken my thoughts to another person, since the voices in my head were so distinct, even gender-specific. This sort of telepathy happened on another occasion, where I thought I could hear voices of others nearby. One experience smoking a strengthened version resulted in an abrupt visual whiteout, with the sounds of the room echoing away.
Set and setting are crucial with this plant. Be in a safe setting, reclining comfortably if possible. Plan carefully to eliminate possible fire hazards if you smoke, as your mind may trip off at any instant. Darkened areas are ideal, but silence is NOT necessary (despite what Pendell says in his book), just tranquility. Review all of the available literature you can find before using, and use a proper way to enjoy this fascinating plant.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Charles Kim
Hacker, Learner and Gamer
Logo
About
Porfolio
Blog
Cultural Blog
Dev Bootcamp Reflection
September 20, 2014
Personal Thinking Style
October 5, 2014
Issues in Technology Industry
October 6, 2014
Pairing and Giving Feedback
October 16, 2014
Stereotype Threat
October 24, 2014
Affirmation and Stereotype Threat
November 1, 2014
Compass of Shame
November 7, 2014
Asking Good Questions
November 15, 2014
Technical Blog
Version Control and Git
September 19, 2014
Display: Inline vs. Inline-block
September 27, 2014
Array and Hash in Ruby
October 4, 2014
Ruby Enumerable Method: Map
October 9, 2014
Object-Oriented Ruby: Classes
October 17, 2014
Ruby: Variable Scope
October 21, 2014
Difference between Ruby and Javascript
November 1, 2014
Test-Driven Development
November 8, 2014
Miscellaneous
Pair Programming and its Roles
October 2, 2014
Cheatsheet
November 8, 2014


IsFtp()
Syntax
Result = IsFtp(#Ftp)Description
Tests if the given #Ftp number is a valid and correctly initialized ftp client.
Parameters
#Ftp The connection to use.
Return value
Returns nonzero if the given number is a valid and correctly initialized client connection.
Remarks
This function is bulletproof and can be used with any value. If the 'Result' is not zero then the object is valid and initialized, else it returns zero. This is the correct way to ensure an ftp handle is ready to use.
See Also
OpenFTP(), CloseFTP(), CheckFTPConnection()
Supported OS
All


Workflow v2.10.0 -> v2.11.0¶
Releases¶
- builder v2.6.1 -> v2.7.1
- controller v2.10.0 -> v2.11.0
- dockerbuilder v2.5.2 -> v2.6.0
- fluentd v2.6.0 -> v2.6.1
- logger v2.4.1 -> v2.4.2
- minio v2.3.4 -> v2.3.5
- monitor v2.7.0 -> v2.7.1
- nsq v2.2.5 -> v2.2.6
- postgres v2.5.0 -> v2.5.1
- redis v2.2.4 -> v2.2.5
- registry v2.3.2 -> v2.3.3
- registry-token-refresher v1.1.0 -> v1.1.1
- router v2.8.1 -> v2.9.0
- slugbuilder v2.4.8 -> v2.4.9
- workflow v2.10.0 -> v2.11.0
- workflow-cli v2.10.0 -> v2.11.0
- workflow-e2e v2.8.0 -> v2.9.0
- workflow-manager v2.4.4 -> v2.4.5
Features¶
bd97e3e
(builder) - cleaner: delete from object storefcc5bb0
(builder) - Makefile: set docker build flags via environment variableae03152
(controller) - settings: Get timezone from environment variable (#1196)48cd872
(controller) - Makefile: set docker build flags via environment variable003e8dd
(dockerbuilder) - Makefile: set docker build flags via environment variablea1e28c8
(fluentd) - Makefile: set docker build flags via environment variable8ce9845
(logger) - Makefile: set docker build flags via environment variableb2fc347
(minio) - Makefile: set docker build flags via environment variablebfdf091
(monitor) - charts: add optional persistence storage to influxdb and grafana138fb11
(monitor) - charts: add optional persistence storage to influxdb and grafanac58fde6
(monitor) - Makefile: set docker build flags via environment variableb32fe54
(nsq) - Makefile: set docker build flags via environment variable524fdf5
(postgres) - Makefile: set docker build flags via environment variable0cf0deb
(redis) - Makefile: set docker build flags via environment variable4f46069
(registry) - Makefile: set docker build flags via environment variablefaf2eb2
(registry-token-refresher) - Makefile: set docker build flags via environment variable4ca3a74
(router) - router: make default app configurable5dba76c
(router) - router: make server_token flag configurablecf87e27
(router) - Makefile: set docker build flags via environment variable30d2caa
(slugbuilder) - Makefile: set docker build flags via environment variable3ef0a86
(workflow) Makefile: set docker build flags via environment variable6307677
(workflow) charts: add optional persistence storage to influxdb and grafana (#699)9b09080
(workflow-manager) - Makefile: set docker build flags via environment variablecc60fa0
(workflow-cli) Makefile: set docker build flags via environment variable70797cb
(workflow-e2e) limits-cmd: accept new limits:set value type
Refactors¶
7bb769f
(dockerbuilder) - deploy.py: placate new flake8 linter checks88f7007
(workflow) upgrading-workflow: use -w 0 flag when base64 encoding3e65eba
(workflow) quickstart: use markdown-include to de-duplicate quickstart info
Fixes¶
634bfe9
(builder) - charts: reference registry-proxy on <IP_ADDRESS>b6342
(controller) - charts: pipeline time_zone value to quote func3f860bf
(controller) - Dockerfile: force gunzip of copyright archivee8f0284
(controller) - Makefile: build docker image with --no-cache by defaultbdb5acd
(controller) - api: add certificate private key validator migration (#1199)da408b3
(controller) - charts: reference registry-proxy on <IP_ADDRESS> (#1239)f14a6db
(dockerbuilder) - Dockerfile: fix gunzip -fc9f6e01
(postgres) - 001_setup_envdir.sh: inspect actual var instead of literal string5aafbac
(registry) - create-bucket: set BUCKET_NAME for swift96f0c61
(router) - charts: remove deployment and service annotations6d0d344
(slugbuilder) - download_buildpack: define name of buildpack2817dbc
(workflow) azure: use regular storage instead of premium8691955
(workflow) azure/quickstart: fix Azure link in the menu0d647e5
(workflow) applications: fixup --headers usagee6c9e23
(workflow) tuning-component-settings: move LDAP settings under Controller
Documentation¶
6cbd175
(builder) - *: Fix typo in README.md7911fac
(builder) - *: update main README.md51879b2
(controller) - README: specify correct python version1345f2c
(controller) - README: update database usage in tests (#1233)64eeff1
(logger) - README.md: update Deis Workflow reference9bcbcfd
(monitor) - README.md: update Deis Workflow reference963c100
(nsq) - README.md: update Deis Workflow referenced9882fa
(redis) - README.md: update Deis Workflow reference9293f37
(workflow-cli) README: add latest stable release URL16034cc
(workflow) releases: omit obsolete requirement for a charts PRc61eedb
(workflow) releases: move workflow docs release after changelog PRd430e42
(workflow) azure: streamline azure boot processa71c0da
(workflow) installing-workflow: no periods in S3 bucket names7cc8b2f
(workflow) production-deployments: recommend disabling grafana signupsa5f92eb
(workflow) monitoring: document grafana and influxdb persistence (#713)c0410c6
(workflow) components: document the monitoring stack4eea426
(workflow) Azure: remove service principal stepsc65fae6
(workflow) Azure: note for kubernetes get-credentialsa5d71e2
(workflow) Azure: Fix storage key and add notecccde15
(workflow) api/v2.3: add TLS API examples and index v2.3 API5a37885
(workflow) managing-workflow: Add scaling the routers to the production deployment notes.c0285ed
(workflow) aws: update for latest k8s version available
Maintenance¶
0ed0404
(builder) - Dockerfile: update deis/base to v0.3.6d7f5ff0
(builder) - glide: bump golang.org/x/crypto to b82246322106d2
(controller) - requirements: update Django to 1.10.51c12587
(controller) - Dockerfile: update deis/base to v0.3.6 (#1197)4e45ef5
(controller) - requirements: update requests to 2.12.59faa4b2
(controller) - dev_requirements: update coverage to 4.3.44b7db76
(controller) - requirements: update pyldap to 2.4.28d6b188d
(dockerbuilder) - dev_requirements: upgrade flake8 to 3.2.182f77c3
(dockerbuilder) - Dockerfile: update deis/base to v0.3.640f647e
(fluentd) - Dockerfile: update deis/base to v0.3.6f7afeb7
(logger) - Dockerfile: update deis/base to v0.3.614342eb
(minio) - Dockerfile: update deis/base to v0.3.68969f32
(monitor) - Dockerfile: update Grafana to 4.0.2acb12e7
(monitor) - Dockerfile: update deis/base to v0.3.6ca8a140
(monitor) - Dockerfile: update Influxdb to 1.1.1287dd60
(monitor) - Dockerfile: update Influxdb to 1.1.17c3ca4b
(nsq) - Dockerfile: update deis/base to v0.3.6d04a77b
(postgres) - Dockerfile: update deis/base to v0.3.69f2e1b1
(redis) - Dockerfile: update deis/base to v0.3.6bb6bba4
(registry-token-refresher) - Dockerfile: update deis/base to v0.3.6dfb2cae
(router) - Dockerfile: update deis/base to v0.3.67638ca7
(slugbuilder) - buildpacks: update heroku-buildpack-nodejs to v93ac0192f
(slugbuilder) - buildpacks: update heroku-buildpack-ruby to v1503f4ccc4
(slugbuilder) - buildpacks: update heroku-buildpack-python to v97c40c6a0
(slugbuilder) - buildpacks: update heroku-buildpack-php to v1172df92c0
(workflow) roadmap: update product roadmap1d12348
(workflow) vagrant: update kubernetes release tarball to v1.5.1(workflow)f50916b
(workflow-manager) - Dockerfile: update deis/base to v0.3.67960130
(workflow-cli) glide: update controller sdk to 9520b6cba0d452
(workflow-e2e) glide: run glide up to get latest packages (#347)


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WATCH:SHOCK as bride arrives at her wedding inside coffin
by Sharon ChirisaBride arrives at her wedding inside coffin
In a bizarre twist, a bride has sparked controversy on the internet after she arrived at her wedding venue in a rather unusual fashion.
Wedding guests had the shock of their lives after the bride decided to arrive her own wedding in a coffin.
The bride who was dressed in gold started dancing when coffin was opened to everyone’s surprise. .
The video has since gone viral online.
Watch the video below
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Bold
Italics
Bold and Italics
Bold, Italics
60 Chapelwood,
Kilmuckridge,
Gorey,
Co. Wexford.
E = mc2
H2O
CO2
ab2x4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + ad2 = 0.
CH4 + 5O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + 3O2
WIT is one of the largest institutes of technology in Ireland. It was established as a RTC in 1970, and was the first to be awarded IT status in 1998. Over the period of this process, and as a result of an international quality review, the Institute was granted delegated authority by the NCEA to confer its own Certificates and Diplomas. The Institute now confers its own awards at all levels from Higher Certificate to PhD, subject to standards set and monitored by the HETAC which was established by the Government in June 2001, under the Qualifications (Education and Training) Act, 1999. The quality and standard of Irish educational awards is fully recognised globally. All Irish awards are included in the national framework of qualifications maintained by the NQAI.
He said I will walk to the shop
and off he went.
There are
Many book have been made into films, such as The Lord of the Rings. Many book have been made into films, such as The Lord of the Rings. Many book have been made into films, such as The Lord of the Rings. Many book have been made into films, such as The Lord of the Rings. Many book have been made into films, such as The Lord of the Rings. Many book have been made into films, such as The Lord of the Rings.Which is very interesting.
Some extra concert dates have been added,
10 June – London
11 June – London - sold out
12 June – Paris
13 June - Cologne – sold out
14 June – Cologne
16 June - Rome
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dominion-east-ohio
Businessmodel of Dominion East Ohio
Customer Segments
Dominion has a segmented market business model, with customer groups that have slightly different needs. The company targets its offerings at residential, commercial, industrial, and governmental customers.
Value Proposition
Dominion offers three primary value propositions: convenience, innovation, and brand/status.
The company offers convenience by making life simpler for customers. It enables customers to sign up for text message alerts so they can receive important updates for their service area. Updates include information on events such as multi-day outages and major storms.
The company has embraced innovation throughout its history. Its groundbreaking firsts include:
- The first underground residential distribution system
- The first extra-high-voltage system
-
The first 500,000-volt transmission system in the U.S. The company reduces risk by maintaining high quality and safety standards:
- It emits less carbon per unit of energy than most of the country’s top 100 electric utilities. Since 2000, it has added approximately 2,800 megawatts of non-emitting generation and about 5,000 megawatts of lower emitting natural gas-fired generation to its generation mix.
- It has converted or retired 12 older, more carbon-intense coal units. By 2015 more than 2400 megawatts of coal-fired generation were retired or converted to alternative fuels.
- Its balanced mix of resources, including hydro, carbon-free nuclear, solar and wind, natural gas, and biomass coal and oil enables the company to have electric rates that are 22 percent below the East Coast average, 16 percent below the national average, and eight percent below the Virginia average.
- Approximately 33% of its on-road fleet, which includes 6,000 cars and trucks, is composed of alternative vehicle technologies.
- Over 800 vehicles in its fleet are powered by B20 biodiesel fuel, and 230 run on compressed natural gas (CNG).
-
Its electric fleet runs off of a lithium ion battery pack, with a range of 40 to 100 miles per charge; this enables annual fuel savings in excess of $900 per vehicle. The company has established a strong brand due to its success. It is one of the largest producers and transporters of energy in the U.S., with a portfolio of 26,000 megawatts of generation; 14,400 miles of natural gas transmission, gathering and storage pipeline; and 6,500 miles of electric transmission lines. It also operates one of the largest natural gas storage systems, with 1 trillion cubic feet of storage capacity, and serves over six million retail energy and utility customers. Lastly, it has won many honors, including the following:
- Recognition as one of the World’s Most Admired Companies by Fortune for 10 years in a row, including placement at #1 among gas and electric utilities
- Ranking as one of America’s Best Employers by Forbes in 2015 (#1 among utilities)
- Selection as the Utility of the Year by Electric Light & Power Magazine (2014) ### Channels
Dominion’s main channel is its direct sales team. The company promotes its offering through its website, social media pages, and print/television/online advertising.
Customer Relationships
Dominion’s customer relationship is primarily of an automated nature. Customers utilize the service while having limited interaction with employees.
Key Activities
Dominion’s business model entails generating and transporting its energy products for customers.
Key Partners
Dominion’s key partners are the suppliers that provide it with the equipment and materials it needs to run its operations. The company purchases boilers, turbines, generators, compressors, and fuel from these companies.
Key Resources
Dominion’s main resources are its physical resources, which include the plants it maintains for the production of its energy resources, as well as associated equipment. It also depends on human resources in the form of contractors that engage in energy generation and delivery.
Cost Structure
Dominion has a cost-driven structure, aiming to minimize expenses through significant automation. Its biggest cost driver is cost of fuel and other energy-related purchases. Other major drivers are in the areas of electric capacity costs and operations/maintenance costs.
Revenue Streams
Dominion has one revenue stream: revenues it generates from the sale of its energy products to its customers.


| How to Pet a Dog |
| Co-authored by David Levin |
|
| A dog might be a man's best friend, but they may not always act that way. Follow these instructions below to approach an unfamiliar dog, keep an eye out for signs of aggression, and pet it in a non-threatening way. Advice to follow when petting your own dog, or another dog you know well, is also included in its own section. |
Approaching a Dog Cautiously |
1 Ask the owner for permission to pet the dog. The dog might look friendly, but if you don't know the dog, there is no way to tell how it reacts to strangers. If the owner gives you special instructions that differ to the ones told here, follow them. If the owner lets you pet the dog, ask the owner where the dog likes to be petted.
|
2 Be cautious if the dog has no owner. If you see a dog with no owner loose on the street, proceed carefully and stay in position to defend yourself if necessary. Dogs chained up or left in a yard or other location with limited space may be more likely to bite, as are dogs eating or chewing on something. Approach these dogs with caution, and abandon attempts to pet them at any sign of aggression, as described below.
|
3 Back off if the dog shows signs of aggression or discomfort. Signs of aggression include barking, a tail standing straight up, raised hackles, growling, or a body held in a rigid position. Signs of discomfort, fear, or anxiety include lip licking, showing the whites of the dog's eyes, avoiding eye contact, holding the tail low, yawning, or pulling the ears back. Never stare into a dog's eyes, that usually makes them think you want to fight them. If the dog does not calm down or approach you within thirty seconds, abandon the attempt.
|
4 Bend over or squat to invite dogs to approach. Invite the dog to take the first step by squatting down closer to their level. More confident dogs only require bending over slightly, but don't bend directly over the dog, as this could make them feel threatened. Sometimes, you can help a dog to calm down by introducing yourself. Dogs introduce themselves to each other by sniffing. Humans introduce themselves to each other by shaking hands. This works with a human introducing themselves to the dog. The human holds out the back of their hand to the dog’s snout, and if it sniffs the hand, it will usually calm down.
|
|


Money Play. How should Red play 43?
pips Red=121 White=146
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
This is an area of the game where the bots have considerably improved our play over the last ten years.
Red has the dual objectives of closing out White and getting the back checkers moving. 13/10, 13/9 concentrates too much on the former while something like 20/13 is not aggressive enough.
Many would vote for 21/14 which is reasonable but best of all is 20/16, 13/10 (!!) which meets both objectives outlined above. The play may look very loose but unless White rolls 44 any other hitting number leaves multiple return shots and therefore potential gammon wins for Red.
Once you see the play it seems clear but many would not have it as a candidate play. Hopefully now you have seen the technique you can include it in your backgammon armoury.
Red has the dual objectives of closing out White and getting the back checkers moving. 13/10, 13/9 concentrates too much on the former while something like 20/13 is not aggressive enough.
Many would vote for 21/14 which is reasonable but best of all is 20/16, 13/10 (!!) which meets both objectives outlined above. The play may look very loose but unless White rolls 44 any other hitting number leaves multiple return shots and therefore potential gammon wins for Red.
Once you see the play it seems clear but many would not have it as a candidate play. Hopefully now you have seen the technique you can include it in your backgammon armoury.
1. Cubeful 2-ply 21/14 Eq.: +0.968 0.759 0.455 0.003 - 0.241 0.042 0.002 2. Cubeful 2-ply 21/18 20/16 Eq.: +0.964 (-0.004) 0.757 0.454 0.003 - 0.243 0.047 0.002 3. Cubeful 2-ply 20/13 Eq.: +0.957 (-0.011) 0.754 0.438 0.003 - 0.246 0.040 0.001 4. Cubeful 2-ply 20/16 13/10 Eq.: +0.916 (-0.051) 0.753 0.469 0.003 - 0.247 0.049 0.003 5. Cubeful 2-ply 13/6 Eq.: +0.911 (-0.057) 0.726 0.415 0.003 - 0.274 0.042 0.002


Stand-alone applications containing debugged Prolog code and destined for end-users are typically packaged as runtime systems. No SICStus license is needed by a runtime system. A runtime system has the following limitations:
user:runtime_entry(start)
.
Alternatively, you may supply a main program and explicitly
initialize the Prolog engine with SP_initialize()
.
break/0
and require/1
are unavailable.
debug
and
debugger_print_options
have no effect.
Predicates annotated as [development] in the reference pages are unavailable.
discontiguous_warnings
,
redefine_warnings
, single_var_warnings
have no effect.
The user is not prompted in the event of name clashes.
informational
Prolog flag is off by default, suppressing
informational messages.
profile_data/4
and
profile_reset/1
are unavailable.
SP_signal()
.


singularity shell¶
Run a shell within a container
Synopsis¶
singularity shell supports the following formats:
*.sif Singularity Image Format (SIF). Native to Singularity 3.0+
*.sqsh SquashFS format. Native to Singularity 2.4+
*.img ext3 format. Native to Singularity versions < 2.4.
- directory/ sandbox format. Directory containing a valid root file
system and optionally Singularity meta-data.
- instance://* A local running instance of a container. (See the instance
command group.)
- library://* A SIF container hosted on a Library
(default https://cloud.sylabs.io/library)
- docker://* A Docker/OCI container hosted on Docker Hub or another
OCI registry.
shub://* A container hosted on Singularity Hub.
- oras://* A SIF container hosted on an OCI registry that supports
the OCI Registry As Storage (ORAS) specification.
singularity shell [shell options...] <container>
Examples¶
$ singularity shell /tmp/Debian.sif
Singularity/Debian.sif> pwd
/home/gmk/test
Singularity/Debian.sif> exit
$ singularity shell -C /tmp/Debian.sif
Singularity/Debian.sif> pwd
/home/gmk
Singularity/Debian.sif> ls -l
total 0
Singularity/Debian.sif> exit
$ sudo singularity shell -w /tmp/Debian.sif
$ sudo singularity shell --writable /tmp/Debian.sif
$ singularity shell instance://my_instance
$ singularity shell instance://my_instance
Singularity: Invoking an interactive shell within container...
Singularity container:~> ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
ubuntu 1 0 0 20:00 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/bin/singularity/bin/sinit
ubuntu 2 0 0 20:01 pts/8 00:00:00 /bin/bash --norc
ubuntu 3 2 0 20:02 pts/8 00:00:00 ps -ef
Options¶
--add-caps string a comma separated capability list to add
--allow-setuid allow setuid binaries in container (root only)
--app string set an application to run inside a container
--apply-cgroups string apply cgroups from file for container processes (root only)
-B, --bind strings a user-bind path specification. spec has the format src[:dest[:opts]], where src and dest are outside and inside paths. If dest is not given, it is set equal to src. Mount options ('opts') may be specified as 'ro' (read-only) or 'rw' (read/write, which is the default). Multiple bind paths can be given by a comma separated list.
-e, --cleanenv clean environment before running container
-c, --contain use minimal /dev and empty other directories (e.g. /tmp and $HOME) instead of sharing filesystems from your host
-C, --containall contain not only file systems, but also PID, IPC, and environment
--disable-cache dont use cache, and dont create cache
--dns string list of DNS server separated by commas to add in resolv.conf
--docker-login login to a Docker Repository interactively
--drop-caps string a comma separated capability list to drop
--env strings pass environment variable to contained process
--env-file string pass environment variables from file to contained process
-f, --fakeroot run container in new user namespace as uid 0
--fusemount strings A FUSE filesystem mount specification of the form '<type>:<fuse command> <mountpoint>' - where <type> is 'container' or 'host', specifying where the mount will be performed ('container-daemon' or 'host-daemon' will run the FUSE process detached). <fuse command> is the path to the FUSE executable, plus options for the mount. <mountpoint> is the location in the container to which the FUSE mount will be attached. E.g. 'container:sshfs <IP_ADDRESS>:/ /sshfs'. Implies --pid.
-h, --help help for shell
-H, --home string a home directory specification. spec can either be a src path or src:dest pair. src is the source path of the home directory outside the container and dest overrides the home directory within the container. (default "/home/runner")
--hostname string set container hostname
-i, --ipc run container in a new IPC namespace
--keep-privs let root user keep privileges in container (root only)
-n, --net run container in a new network namespace (sets up a bridge network interface by default)
--network string specify desired network type separated by commas, each network will bring up a dedicated interface inside container (default "bridge")
--network-args strings specify network arguments to pass to CNI plugins
--no-home do NOT mount users home directory if /home is not the current working directory
--no-init do NOT start shim process with --pid
--no-mount strings disable one or more mount xxx options set in singularity.conf
--no-privs drop all privileges from root user in container)
--no-umask do not propagate umask to the container, set default 0022 umask
--nohttps do NOT use HTTPS with the docker:// transport (useful for local docker registries without a certificate)
--nonet disable VM network handling
--nv enable experimental Nvidia support
-o, --overlay strings use an overlayFS image for persistent data storage or as read-only layer of container
--passphrase prompt for an encryption passphrase
--pem-path string enter an path to a PEM formated RSA key for an encrypted container
-p, --pid run container in a new PID namespace
--pwd string initial working directory for payload process inside the container
--rocm enable experimental Rocm support
-S, --scratch strings include a scratch directory within the container that is linked to a temporary dir (use -W to force location)
--security strings enable security features (SELinux, Apparmor, Seccomp)
-s, --shell string path to program to use for interactive shell
--syos execute SyOS shell
-u, --userns run container in a new user namespace, allowing Singularity to run completely unprivileged on recent kernels. This disables some features of Singularity, for example it only works with sandbox images.
--uts run container in a new UTS namespace
--vm enable VM support
--vm-cpu string number of CPU cores to allocate to Virtual Machine (implies --vm) (default "1")
--vm-err enable attaching stderr from VM
--vm-ip string IP Address to assign for container usage. Defaults to DHCP within bridge network. (default "dhcp")
--vm-ram string amount of RAM in MiB to allocate to Virtual Machine (implies --vm) (default "1024")
-W, --workdir string working directory to be used for /tmp, /var/tmp and $HOME (if -c/--contain was also used)
-w, --writable by default all Singularity containers are available as read only. This option makes the file system accessible as read/write.
--writable-tmpfs makes the file system accessible as read-write with non persistent data (with overlay support only)
SEE ALSO¶
Linux container platform optimized for High Performance Computing (HPC) and Enterprise Performance Computing (EPC)
Auto generated by spf13/cobra on 2-Jul-2021


Safari IT Books Language Constructs Functional Programming Haskell Safari IT Books Programming Programming Programming Bryan O'Sullivan Donald Bruce Stewart John Goerzen O'Reilly Media, Inc. Real World Haskell, 1st Edition14.13. The State MonadWe discovered earlier in this chapter that Parse from Chapter 10 was a monad. It has two logically distinct aspects.
One is the idea of a parse failing and providing a message with the
details (we represented this using the Either type). The
other involves carrying around a piece of implicit state, in our case, the
partially consumed ByteString. This need for a way to read and write state is common
enough in Haskell programs that the standard libraries provide a monad
named State that is dedicated to this purpose. This monad
lives in the Control.Monad.State module. Where our Parse type carried around a
ByteString as its piece of state, the State
monad can carry any type of state. We'll refer to the state's unknown type
as s. What's an obvious and general thing we might want to do
with a state? Given a state value, we inspect it, and then produce a
result and a new state value. Let's say the result can be of any type
a. A type signature that captures this idea
is s -> (a, s). Take a state s, do something with it, and return a result
a and possibly a new state s. 14.13.1. Almost a State MonadLet's develop some simple code that's
almost the State monad, and then take
a look at the real thing. We'll start with our type definition, which
has exactly the obvious type that we just described: -- file: ch14/SimpleState.hs
type SimpleState s a = s -> (a, s)
Our monad is a function that transforms one state into
another, yielding a result when it does so. Because of this, the
State monad is sometimes called the state transformer
monad. Yes, this is a type synonym, not a new type, and so
we're cheating a little. Bear with us for now; this simplifies the
description that follows. Earlier in this chapter, we said that a monad has
a type constructor with a single type variable, and yet
here we have a type with two parameters. The key is to understand that
we can partially apply a type just as we can
partially apply a normal function. This is easiest to follow with an
example: -- file: ch14/SimpleState.hs
type StringState a = SimpleState String a
Here, we've bound the type variable s to String. The type
StringState still has a type parameter a, though. It's now more obvious that we have a
suitable type constructor for a monad. In other words, our monad's type
constructor is SimpleState s, not SimpleState
alone. The next ingredient we need to make a monad is a
definition for the return
function: -- file: ch14/SimpleState.hs
returnSt :: a -> SimpleState s a
returnSt a = \s -> (a, s)
All this does is take the result and the current state
and "tuple them up." You may now be used to the idea that a Haskell
function with multiple parameters is just a chain of single-parameter
functions, but just in case you're not, here's a more familiar way of
writing returnSt that makes it more
obvious how simple this function is: -- file: ch14/SimpleState.hs
returnAlt :: a -> SimpleState s a
returnAlt a s = (a, s)
Our final piece of the monadic puzzle is a definition
for (>>=). Here it is, using the actual variable names from the standard
library's definition of (>>=)
for State: -- file: ch14/SimpleState.hs
bindSt :: (SimpleState s a) -> (a -> SimpleState s b) -> SimpleState s b
bindSt m k = \s -> let (a, s') = m s
in (k a) s'
Those single-letter variable names aren't exactly a boon
to readability, so let's see if we can substitute some more meaningful
names: -- file: ch14/SimpleState.hs
-- m == step
-- k == makeStep
-- s == oldState
bindAlt step makeStep oldState =
let (result, newState) = step oldState
in (makeStep result) newState
To understand this definition, remember that
step is a function with the type s -> (a,
s). When we evaluate this, we get a tuple, which we have to use
to return a new function of type s -> (a, s). This is
perhaps easier to follow if we get rid of the SimpleState
type synonyms from bindAlt's type
signature, and then examine the types of its parameters and
result: -- file: ch14/SimpleState.hs
bindAlt :: (s -> (a, s)) -- step
-> (a -> s -> (b, s)) -- makeStep
-> (s -> (b, s)) -- (makeStep result) newState
14.13.2. Reading and Modifying the StateThe definitions of (>>=) and return for the State monad simply act as plumbing: they
move a piece of state around, but they don't touch it in any way. We
need a few other simple functions to actually do useful work with the
state: -- file: ch14/SimpleState.hs
getSt :: SimpleState s s
getSt = \s -> (s, s)
putSt :: s -> SimpleState s ()
putSt s = \_ -> ((), s)
The getSt function
simply takes the current state and returns it as the result, while
putSt ignores the current state and replaces it with a new one. 14.13.3. Will the Real State Monad Please Stand Up?The only simplifying trick we played in the previous
section was to use a type synonym instead of a type definition for
SimpleState. If we had introduced a newtype
wrapper at the same time, the extra wrapping and unwrapping would have
made our code harder to follow. In order to define a Monad instance, we
have to provide a proper type constructor as well as definitions for
(>>=) and return. This leads us to the
real definition of State: -- file: ch14/State.hs
newtype State s a = State {
runState :: s -> (a, s)
}
All we've done is wrap our s -> (a, s)
type in a State constructor. We're automatically given a
runState function that will unwrap
a State value from its constructor when we use Haskell's
record syntax to define the type. The type of runState is State s a -> s -> (a,
s). The definition of return is almost the same as for
SimpleState, except we wrap our function with a
State constructor: -- file: ch14/State.hs
returnState :: a -> State s a
returnState a = State $ \s -> (a, s)
The definition of (>>=) is a little more complicated,
because it has to use runState to
remove the State wrappers: -- file: ch14/State.hs
bindState :: State s a -> (a -> State s b) -> State s b
bindState m k = State $ \s -> let (a, s') = runState m s
in runState (k a) s'
This function differs from our earlier bindSt only in adding the wrapping and
unwrapping of a few values. By separating the "real work"
from the bookkeeping, we've hopefully made it clearer what's really
happening. We modify the functions for reading and modifying the
state in the same way, by adding a little wrapping: -- file: ch14/State.hs
get :: State s s
get = State $ \s -> (s, s)
put :: s -> State s ()
put s = State $ \_ -> ((), s)
14.13.4. Using the State Monad: Generating Random ValuesWe've already used Parse, our precursor to the
State monad, to parse binary data. In that case, we wired
the type of the state we were manipulating directly into the
Parse type. The State monad, by contrast, accepts any
type of state as a parameter. We supply the type of the state to give,
for example, State ByteString. The State monad will probably feel more
familiar to you than many other monads if you have a background in
imperative languages. After all, imperative languages are all about
carrying around some implicit state, reading some parts, and modifying
others through assignment, which is just what the State
monad is for. So instead of unnecessarily cheerleading for the idea of
using the State monad, we'll begin by demonstrating how to
use it for something simple: pseudorandom value
generation. In an imperative language, there's usually an
easily available source of uniformly distributed pseudorandom numbers.
For example, in C, there's a standard rand function that generates a pseudorandom
number, using a global state that it updates. Haskell's standard random value generation module is
named System.Random. It allows the generation
of random values of any type, not just numbers. The module contains
several handy functions that live in the IO
monad. For example, a rough equivalent of C's rand function would be the following: -- file: ch14/Random.hs
import System.Random
rand :: IO Int
rand = getStdRandom (randomR (0, maxBound))
(The randomR
function takes an inclusive range within which the generated
random value should lie.) The System.Random module provides a
typeclass, RandomGen, that lets us define new sources of
random Int values. The type StdGen is the
standard RandomGen instance. It generates pseudorandom
values. If we had an external source of truly random data, we could make
it an instance of RandomGen and get truly random, instead
of merely pseudorandom,
values. Another typeclass, Random, indicates how to
generate random values of a particular type. The module defines
Random instances for all of the usual simple types. Incidentally, the definition of rand here reads and modifies a built-in
global random generator that inhabits the IO monad. 14.13.5. A First Attempt at PurityAfter all of our emphasis so far on avoiding the IO monad wherever
possible, it would be a shame if we were dragged back into it just to
generate some random values. Indeed, System.Random contains
pure random number generation functions. The traditional downside of purity is that we have to
get or create a random number generator, and then ship it from the point
we created it to the place where it's needed. When we finally call it,
it returns a new random number generator—we're in
pure code, remember, so we can't modify the state of the existing
generator. If we forget about immutability and reuse the same
generator within a function, we get back exactly the same
"random" number every time: -- file: ch14/Random.hs
twoBadRandoms :: RandomGen g => g -> (Int, Int)
twoBadRandoms gen = (fst $ random gen, fst $ random gen)
Needless to say, this has unpleasant
consequences: ghci> twoBadRandoms `fmap` getStdGen
Loading package old-locale-<IP_ADDRESS> ... linking ... done.
Loading package old-time-<IP_ADDRESS> ... linking ... done.
Loading package random-<IP_ADDRESS> ... linking ... done.
Loading package mtl-<IP_ADDRESS> ... linking ... done.
(639600350314210417,639600350314210417)
The random function
uses an implicit range instead of the user-supplied range employed by
randomR. The getStdGen function retrieves the current
value of the global standard number generator from the IO
monad. Unfortunately, correctly passing around and using
successive versions of the generator does not make for palatable
reading. Here's a simple example: -- file: ch14/Random.hs
twoGoodRandoms :: RandomGen g => g -> ((Int, Int), g)
twoGoodRandoms gen = let (a, gen') = random gen
(b, gen'') = random gen'
in ((a, b), gen'')
Now that we know about the State monad,
though, it looks like a fine candidate to hide the generator. The
State monad lets us manage our mutable state tidily, while
guaranteeing that our code will be free of other unexpected side
effects, such as modifying files or making network connections. This
makes it easier to reason about the behavior of our code. 14.13.6. Random Values in the State MonadHere's a State monad that carries around a
StdGen as its piece of state: -- file: ch14/Random.hs
type RandomState a = State StdGen a
The type synonym is, of course, not necessary, but it's
handy. It saves a little keyboarding, and if we want to swap another
random generator for StdGen, it would reduce the number of
type signatures we'd need to change. Generating a random value is now a matter of fetching
the current generator, using it, then modifying the state to replace it
with the new generator: -- file: ch14/Random.hs
getRandom :: Random a => RandomState a
getRandom =
get >>= \gen ->
let (val, gen') = random gen in
put gen' >>
return val
We can now use some of the monadic machinery that we saw
earlier to write a much more concise function for giving us a pair of
random numbers: -- file: ch14/Random.hs
getTwoRandoms :: Random a => RandomState (a, a)
getTwoRandoms = liftM2 (,) getRandom getRandom
|


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BY EDWIN JAHIEL
TARZAN AND THE LOST CITY (1998) * Directed by Carl Schenkel; written by Bayard Johnson and J. Anderson Black, based on the "Tarzan" stories created by Edgar Rice Burroughs .Photography, Paul Gilpin . Production design, Herbert Pinter. Editing, Harry Hitner. Music by Christopher Franke. Produced by Stanley Canter, Dieter Geissler and Michael Lake. Cast: Casper Van Dien (Tarzan), Jane March (Jane), Steven Waddington (Nigel Ravens). A Warners release. 105 minutes. PG.
Statistics differ and are unreliable. Still, the champion fictional character in movies is Sherlock Holmes, with about 200 films, followed by Dracula (ca.150), and the Frankenstein monster (ca.100). Figures for Tarzan, though most confusing, probably exceed 100 if the count includes parodies, oddities and the many productions made in India.
The original "Tarzan of the Apes" (1918) was Elmo Lincoln (born Otto Elmo Linkenhelt,1899-1952) who went on to more T-movies, then to just bit parts. The first major sound-era Tarzan --and still the most popular --was Johnny Weissmuller (Peter John Weissmuller, 1904-1984)). Both men were Americans (Indiana-born Lincoln's first profession was as an Arkansas cop).Weissmuller was born in Pennsylvania --although one source says it was in Rumania, near Timisoara, and from parents of Hungarian nationality. It is said that he was a sickly boy who took up swimming on the advice of a doctor. He studied at the University of Chicago, became Olympic swimming champion (5 gold medals) at the 1924 and 1928 games, held a profusion of world records and had already acted before he made his first T-movie, "Tarzan, the Ape Man" (1932). It was a big hit, and,to this day remains one of the best Tarzan films.
Tarzanophiles rate the 1934 sequel "Tarzan and his Mate," with Weissmuller and Maureen O'Sullivan, as the premier Tarzan movie. A recent re-viewing on AMC confirms this judgment. The film is vibrant. Some of the special effects may be transparent, but several others are quite sophisticated and others yet, impressive even today: such as the mutliple prides of lions and the face-offs between explorers and beasts. And of course there's the lovely, initiative-taking O'Sullivan, as a sexy and thinking Jane. She is glimpsed more than once in the buff, something unusual in those days of restrictions by the Hollywood Code.
I believe, though not all critics do, that the summit of screen Tarzanism came with he 1984 "Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes." It was revisionist, perhaps even post-modernist, humanistic, ecological, sociological, touching and technically a tour-de-force.
Enough of prolegomena. In the just-released "Tarzan and the Lost City," John Clayton, Lord Greystoke (a.k.a. Tarzan) is in 1913 Suffolk, about to wed Jane, when he is sent by telepathy a vision, a cry for help by his never-forgotten African friends. He takes the first boat to Africa.
The natives are the victims of depredations,violence and murder in the hands of merciless whites led by Nigel Ravens. Ravens, though just vaguely shown as a scientist-explorer-mercenary,is clearly a vile, shifty-eyed plunderer who will do anything for riches, from capturing animals to killing humans for precious stones or gold. His ultimate aim is to find the lost city of Opar with its legendary treasures.
After a six-week voyage, Greystoke is in Central Africa (shot in South Africa). Soon after, Jane surprises him by showing up. She carries a nice wardrobe and her brother's pistol. Much smooching ensues. It will continue punctuating the action, which is politically correct as the blacks are good,the Europeans bad, save for a friend of Tarzan's who, of course, has to die.
The adventures that follow totally lack credibility, even by Tarzanian or cartoon standards. Minor examples: Tarzan breaks in two a heavy rifle on his knee; poisoned by a snake, he lies unconscious, is covered by a huge swarm of bees, recovers magically; he takes Jane to their old tree-house where they dance the Blue Danube Waltz played on an intact phonograph.The record is scratchy, then swells into DTS multi-stereo. The bad 'uns get a machine-gun but miss the couple, while pistol-packing Jane hits bull's-eyes, among the other abundant bull in the story. When trekking with the baddies, as their captive, she suddenly appears with a fresh, clean blouse. Etc.
The film is muddled, incoherent in writing, editing. continuity and staging, heavy-handed in every way. And the characters talk at the other characters, not to them.
With the discovery of Opar, which is like a Mayan pyramid, dumbness skyrockets. Anything arbitrary or preposterous goes. The tale switches gears into magic. Special effects take over. Morphing reigns: statues into drum-beating automatons, statues into warriors, bones into warriors (and vice-versa), something into a colossal cobra, the movie's audience into somnambulists.
Casper Van Dien (Tarzan) is an American whose main claim to fame was in "Starship Troopers"; Brit Jane March (Jane) debuted in Jean-Jacques Annaud's "The Lover," her only good film to date. Van Dien is homo sapiens pectoralis. March is toothsome, and then some. Considered from any point of view, "TLC" is a messy pot-pourri whose only interest is some beautiful vistas and many impressively painted tribesmen. The initials TLC could have also stood for Tender Loving Care, but there's none of it lavished on the movie.
" Le mauvais gout mene au crime" (Stendhal)
Edwin Jahiel's movie reviews are at http://www.prairienet.org/ejahiel
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


I was awarded an All Ireland Scholarship on the basis of my exam results up to entering university.
The scholarship aims to reward students who have shown determination to reach high academic achievements despite coming from underdeveloped socio-economic areas.
I am from a very rural area near the very northern tip of Ireland with very poor infrastructure and a real shortage of investment.
More coming soon


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// FIXME(ABI)#70 : The character string view should have a custom iterator type to
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// FIXME(ABI)#70 : The character string view should have a custom iterator type to
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+/// CR and LF are common special cases in grapheme breaking logic
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+internal let _CR: UInt8 = 0x0d
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+internal let _LF: UInt8 = 0x0a
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extension String {
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extension String {
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+ /// Fast check for a (stable) grapheme break between two UInt16 code units
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+ @inline(__always)
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+ ) -> Bool {
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+ // With the exception of CR-LF, there is always a grapheme break between two
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+ // sub-0x300 code units
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+ if lhs < 0x300 && rhs < 0x300 {
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+ }
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+ // TODO: Other large ranges, such as CJK? Note that any such addition must
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+ // be highly probable to never change in future Unicode versions.
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+ return false
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+ }
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// segmentation uses a completely different algorithm in Unicode 9.0.
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_onFastPath() // Please aggressively inline
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let asciiBuffer = _core.asciiBuffer._unsafelyUnwrappedUnchecked
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let asciiBuffer = _core.asciiBuffer._unsafelyUnwrappedUnchecked
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let pos = start._position - _coreOffset
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if _slowPath(
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if _slowPath(
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+ if (startIndexUTF16+1 == end._position) {
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+ if _core._baseAddress != nil {
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+ let pos = start._position - _coreOffset
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+ if String.CharacterView._quickCheckGraphemeBreakBetween(
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if _slowPath(
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+
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+ // First scalar is its own grapheme
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+ if (endIndexUTF16-1 == start._position) {
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+ return 1
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+ }
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+
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+ // Perform a quick single-code-unit grapheme check
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+ if _core._baseAddress != nil {
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+ let pos = end._position - _coreOffset - 1
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+ if String.CharacterView._quickCheckGraphemeBreakBetween(
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+ _core._nthContiguous(pos-1),
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+ _core._nthContiguous(pos)
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+ ) {
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+ return 1
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+ }
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+ }
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+
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let graphemeClusterBreakProperty =
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let graphemeClusterBreakProperty =
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_UnicodeGraphemeClusterBreakPropertyTrie()
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_UnicodeGraphemeClusterBreakPropertyTrie()
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let segmenter = _UnicodeExtendedGraphemeClusterSegmenter()
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let segmenter = _UnicodeExtendedGraphemeClusterSegmenter()
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{% extends "layout-chs.html" %} {% block page_title %} File abridged accounts {% endblock %} {% block proposition_header %} {% endblock %} {% block header_class %} {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% include "includes/phase_banner_beta.html" %} Back {% include 'includes/error.html' %} Which type of accounts have you prepared? If you’re not sure, you may want to ask an accountant. Which type of accounts have you prepared? Abridged Other Alternative {% endblock %}
If you’re not sure, you may want to ask an accountant.


We rarely use the power of visualisation to understand our models better. Model evaluation is largely limited to numerical summaries. Visualising models helps us better understand - shape of the model, impact of parameters on the model, impact of different input data , model fit and where it can be improved. This talk summarizes the learnings and key takeaways when communicating model results
For a data scientist building predictive models, the following are important:
The stakeholder/end-user who finally uses the output from the model, for whom the ML process is mostly black-box, is concerned with the following: 1. How to trust the model output? 2. How to understand the drivers? 3. How to do what-if analysis?
The unifying theme that could answer most of the above questions is visualization. The biggest challenge is to find a way to visualize the model, the model fitting process and the impact of drivers. This talk summarizes the learnings and key takeaways when communicating model results.
Even though exploratory data analysis (EDA) is an integral part of the data science pipeline and helps us understand the portrait of the data, we rarely leverage the power of visualisation for understanding our models better. Model evaluation is still largely restricted through numerical summaries. Visualising models can help us better understand - the shape of the model, the impact of parameter on the model, the impact of different input data on the model, the fit of the model and where it can be improved.
Inspired by "Visualising Statistical Models" by Hadley Wickham et.al, several visualisation techniques were tried and presented. In this talk we look at the practical examples of the methods that can help us better understand the model. This includes showing model in data space, plotting multiple models as opposed to just one and exploring the process of fitting (as opposed to final result). This talk summarises the learning and key takeaways.
Most of the visualisations were done using matplotlib, seaborn and bokeh.
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--- title: Crystal Shapes sidebar: documentation_sidebar permalink: CrystalShapes.html folder: documentation toc: false ---
Crystal Shapes are used to visualize crystal orientations, twinning or lattice planes.
In the case of cubic or hexagonal materials the corresponding crystal are often represented as cubes or hexagons, where the faces correspond to the lattice planes {100} in the cubic case and {1,0,-1,0},{0,0,0,1} in the hexagonal case. Such simple crystal shapes may be created in MTEX with the commands
{% highlight matlab %} % import some hexagonal data mtexdata titanium; % define a simple hexagonal crystal shape cS = crystalShape.hex(ebsd.CS) % and plot it close all plot(cS) {% endhighlight %} {% highlight plaintext %} saving data to /home/hielscher/mtex/master/data/titanium.mat ebsd = EBSD Phase Orientations Mineral Color Symmetry Crystal reference frame 0 8100 (100%) Titanium (Alpha) LightSkyBlue 622 X||a, Y||b*, Z||c* Properties: ci, grainid, iq, sem_signal, x, y Scan unit : um cS = crystalShape mineral: Titanium (Alpha) (622, X||a, Y||b*, Z||c*) vertices: 12 faces: 8 {% endhighlight %}Internally, a crystal shape is represented as a list of faces which are bounded by a list of vertices
{% highlight matlab %} cS.V {% endhighlight %} {% highlight plaintext %} ans = vector3d size: 12 x 1 {% endhighlight %}Crystal shapes are defined in crystal coordinates. Thus applying an orientation rotates them into specimen coordinates. This functionality can be used to visualize crystal orientations in EBSD maps
{% highlight matlab %} % plot an EBSD map clf % clear current figure plot(ebsd,ebsd.orientations) hold on scaling = 100; % scale the crystal shape to have a nice size % plot at position (500,500) the orientatation of the corresponding crystal plot(500,500,50, ebsd(500,500).orientations * cS * scaling) hold off {% endhighlight %}As we have seen in the previous section we can apply several operations on crystal shapes. These include
factor * cS
scales the crystal shape in sizeori * cS
rotates the crystal shape in the defined orientation[xy] + cS
or [xyz] + cS
shifts the crystal shape in the specified positionsAt this point it comes into help that MTEX supports lists of crystal shapes, i.e., whenever one of the operations listed above includes a list (e.g. a list of orientations) the multiplication will yield a list of crystal shapes. Lets illustrate this
{% highlight matlab %} % compute some grains grains = calcGrains(ebsd); grains = smooth(grains,5); % and plot them plot(grains,grains.meanOrientation) % find the big ones isBig = grains.grainSize>50; % define a list of crystal shape that is oriented as the grain mean % orientation and scaled according to the grain area cSGrains = grains(isBig).meanOrientation * cS * 0.7 * sqrt(grains(isBig).area); % now we can plot these crystal shapes at the grain centers hold on plot(grains(isBig).centroid + cSGrains) hold off {% endhighlight %}The above can be accomplished a bit more directly and a bit more nice with
{% highlight matlab %} % plot a grain map plot(grains,grains.meanOrientation) % and on top for each large grain a crystal shape hold on plot(grains(isBig),0.7*cS,'FaceColor','none','linewidth',2) hold off {% endhighlight %}In the same waywe may visualize grain orientations and grains size within pole figures
{% highlight matlab %} plotPDF(grains(isBig).meanOrientation,Miller({1,0,-1,0},{0,0,0,1},ebsd.CS),'contour') plot(grains(isBig).meanOrientation,0.002*cSGrains,'add2all') {% endhighlight %}or even within ODF sections
{% highlight matlab %} % compute the odf odf = calcDensity(ebsd.orientations); % plot the odf in sigma sections plotSection(odf,'sigma','contour') % and on top of it the crystal shapes plot(grains(isBig).meanOrientation,0.002*cSGrains,'add2all') {% endhighlight %}We may also you crystal shapes to illustrate twinning relation ships
{% highlight matlab %} % define some twinning misorientation mori = orientation.byAxisAngle(Miller({1 0-1 0},ebsd.CS),34.9*degree) % plot the crystal in ideal orientation close all plot(cS,'FaceAlpha',0.5) % and on top of it in twinning orientation hold on plot(mori * cS *0.9,'FaceColor','orange') hold off view(45,20) {% endhighlight %} {% highlight plaintext %} mori = misorientation (Titanium (Alpha) → Titanium (Alpha)) Bunge Euler angles in degree phi1 Phi phi2 330 34.9 30 {% endhighlight %}For symmetries other then hexagonal or cubic one would like to have more complicated crystal shape representing the true appearance. To this end one has to include more faces into the representation and carefuly adjust their distance to the origin.
Lets consider a quartz crystal.
{% highlight matlab %} cs = loadCIF('quartz') {% endhighlight %} {% highlight plaintext %} cs = crystalSymmetry mineral : Quartz symmetry : 321 elements : 6 a, b, c : 4.9, 4.9, 5.4 reference frame: X||a*, Y||b, Z||c* {% endhighlight %}Its shape is mainly bounded by the following faces
{% highlight matlab %} m = Miller({1,0,-1,0},cs); % hexagonal prism r = Miller({1,0,-1,1},cs); % positive rhomboedron, usally bigger then z z = Miller({0,1,-1,1},cs); % negative rhomboedron s1 = Miller({2,-1,-1,1},cs);% left tridiagonal bipyramid s2 = Miller({1,1,-2,1},cs); % right tridiagonal bipyramid x1 = Miller({6,-1,-5,1},cs);% left positive Trapezohedron x2 = Miller({5,1,-6,1},cs); % right positive Trapezohedron {% endhighlight %}If we take only the first three faces we end up with
{% highlight matlab %} N = [m,r,z]; cS = crystalShape(N) plot(cS) {% endhighlight %} {% highlight plaintext %} cS = crystalShape mineral: Quartz (321, X||a*, Y||b, Z||c*) vertices: 8 faces: 18 {% endhighlight %}i.e. we see only the possitive and negative rhomboedrons, but the hexagonal prism are to far away from the origin to cut the shape. We may decrease the distance, by multiplying the coresponding normal with a factor larger then 1.
{% highlight matlab %} N = [2*m,r,z]; cS = crystalShape(N); plot(cS) {% endhighlight %}Next in a typical Quartz crystal the negativ rhomboedron is a bit smaller then the positiv rhomboedron. Lets correct for this.
{% highlight matlab %} % collect the face normal with the right scalling N = [2*m,r,0.9*z]; cS = crystalShape(N); plot(cS) {% endhighlight %}Finaly, we add the tridiagonal bipyramid and the positive Trapezohedron
{% highlight matlab %} % collect the face normal with the right scalling N = [2*m,r,0.9*z,0.7*s1,0.3*x1]; cS = crystalShape(N); plot(cS) {% endhighlight %}We may colorize the faces according to their lattice planes using the command
{% highlight matlab %} plot(cS,'colored') {% endhighlight %}or even label the faces directly
{% highlight matlab %} plot(cS) N = unique(cS.N.symmetrise,'noSymmetry','stable'); fC = cS.faceCenter; for i = 1:length(N) text3(fC(i),char(round(N(i)),'latex'),'scaling',1.1,'interpreter','latex') end {% endhighlight %}We see that defining a complicated crystal shape is a tedious work. To this end MTEX allows to model the shape with a habitus and a extension parameter. This approach has been developed by J. Enderlein in A package for displaying crystal morphology. Mathematica Journal, 7(1), 1997. The two parameters are used to model the distance of a face from the origin. Setting all parameters to one we obtain
{% highlight matlab %} % take the face normals unscaled N = [m,r,z,s2,x2]; habitus = 1; extension = [1 1 1]; cS = crystalShape(N,habitus,extension); plot(cS,'colored') {% endhighlight %}The scale parameter models the inverse extension of the crystal in each dimension. In order to make the crystal a bit longer and the negative rhomboedrons smaller we could do
{% highlight matlab %} extension = [0.9 1.1 1]; cS = crystalShape(N,habitus,extension); plot(cS,'colored') {% endhighlight %}Next the habitus parameter describes how close faces with mixed hkl are to the origin. If we increase the habitus parameter the trapezohedron and the bipyramid become more and more dominant
{% highlight matlab %} habitus = 1.1; cS = crystalShape(N,habitus,extension); plot(cS,'colored'), snapnow habitus = 1.2; cS = crystalShape(N,habitus,extension); plot(cS,'colored'), snapnow habitus = 1.3; cS = crystalShape(N,habitus,extension); plot(cS,'colored') {% endhighlight %}A specific face of the crystal shape may be selected by its normal vector
{% highlight matlab %} plot(cS) hold on plot(cS(Miller(0,-1,1,0,cs)),'FaceColor','DarkRed') hold off {% endhighlight %}


!Library of Sages Director Sophia:
This book was a gift from Seresin who is now a Cardinal. He gave it to me but I lost it during a fit of spring cleaning. How strange that you have it now... are these pages bunny eared?!
...Listen. You probably didn't know this, but I don't believe in coincidence. You found this book for a reason. Maybe that reason was to return it to Cardinal Seresin in Oren Town?


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--- layout: post title: 43 things makes The Seattle Times categories: - sightings author: admin published: true date: 2004-12-27 23:39:19.000000000 +00:00 ---
The seven robots at the co-op just had their upcoming Rails application 43things featured in The Seattle Times. Perhaps the characterization of the application isn’t as spot on as could be, but who can deny a mainstream mentioning of a major Rails application in the works? We sure can’t. Congratulations to Josh for making the mug shot and to the entire team for a bit of early recognition.


A very happy birthday wish to my beautiful mom for keeping me alive these 24 years.
My mom is the coolest mom of them all. She can change this text to whatever she wants. Literally anything can go here. A poem? That works. Song lyrics? Descriptions of prehistoric mamals? Those are fine too.
This would be a great place to put a picture of a house that you've sold. Maybe a sold sign out front? It would show that you know how to close deals. Or you could put a picture of your beautiful children. That works too.


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http://www.speakers-podium.com/susangranger.
Susan Granger's review of "HANGING UP" (Columbia Pictures)
No doubt, Columbia Pictures and the producers wanted this to be a baby-boomers' version of The First Wives Club; i.e.: a wise, witty chick's flick about three blonde, beautiful sisters coping with their sibling rivalry while dealing with their philandering old father who's suffered a minor stroke. But something went wrong from the script to the screen. What's left is an overdose of cheery cute. Meg Ryan's perky as ever as the sensible middle sister, a party planner whose motto is "No surprises." Which puts her in direct conflict with Walter Matthau, her charming, curmudgeonly dad who not only drinks too much but loves to surprise women by pinching their posteriors. Diane Keaton's the hip, super-successful, self-involved older sister, while Lisa Kudrow's the youngest, a ditsy, semi-successful TV actress on one of those daytime hospital dramas. Adapted by Delia Ephron from her 1995 novel, co-scripted by sister Nora Ephron, and directed by Diane Keaton, its title comes from the family's addiction to cell phones which are annoying enough in real life but become unbearable on the screen. Delia Ephron reveals, "I live half my life in the real world and half on the telephone" - and that cliche-filled, whiny jabbering is the premise of the story. There's also some metaphysical connection between hanging up the phone and disconnecting yourself from your problems. But the movie is uneven in pace and tone. Sometimes it's goofy, concentrating on quirky, if banal, verbal sibling encounters; at other times, it goes for pathos - what with dad's dying. Predictably, ultimately, there's reconciliation and redemption. On the Granger Movie Gauge of 1 to 10, Hanging Up is a flimsy, floundering 4. Be thankful you don't share the phone gene in this family's DNA - nor their frenzied phoniness.
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