# NAND gate generation and BAG export tutorial (API v2)
>Note: This tutorial is for the improved set of Laygo API (GridLayoutGenerator2), which is not compatible with GridLayoutGenerator and most of legacy generator codes in generators directory.
This tutorial contains instructions to generate a NAND gate layout and export the layout to OA database through [BAG](https://github.com/ucb-art/BAG_framework) framework. The scripts used in this tutorial can be found here: [quick_start_BAG_v2.py](../../../quick_start_BAG_v2.py).
## Setup and running Run the following commands below to install laygo and load.
1. Download cds_ff_mpt PDK from [Cadence Customer Support](https://support.cadence.com)
Make sure you can launch virtuoso and make a layout using the PDK.
For BWRC users, the PDK is installed in `/tools/cadence/GPDK/cds_ff_mpt_v_0.3/`
.
- Clone BAG2_cds_ff_mpt repo.
` $ git clone git@github.com:ucb-art/BAG2_cds_ff_mpt.git `
3. The technology setup repo has 2 submodules in it: BAG_framework and laygo. Let’s load the submodules. Enter the BAG_cds_ff_mpt (or BAG2_cds_ff_mpt) directory and type this:
` $ git submodule init $ git submodule update `
- If you want to update all submodules to the latest ones, type this:
` $ git submodule foreach git pull origin master `
4. Open .cshrc, bag_config.yaml file, and check if all path variables are set correctly. For BWRC users, all variables are set correctly so skip this step.
Source .cshrc, launch virtuoso, type
`load "start_bag.il"`
in CIW to load skill APIs for bag.Launch bag, by typing this:
` $ start_bag.sh `
Launch the generator script, by typing this in python console.
`python run laygo/quick_start_BAG_v2.py `
You should see the generated nand gate layout in laygo_working/nand_test and it should looks like this:
![nand](images/laygo_v2_nand.png)
## Initialize GridLayoutGenerator2 Let’s take a look into the detail of the layout generator. Open laygo/quick_start_BAG.py The following command will initialize GridLayoutGenerator, the main generator object that contains all core generation functions.
`python
#initialize
laygen = laygo.GridLayoutGenerator2(config_file="laygo_config.yaml")
`
Note that laygo_config.yaml is passed, which contains process specific parameters.
## Load template and grid database The example technology setup uses cds_ff_mpt_microtemplates_dense for the primitive template library. All primitive template and grid information are stored in cds_ff_mpt_microtemplates_dense_templates.yaml,
cds_ff_mpt_microtemplates_dense_grids.yaml
and those files should be loaded before the actual layout generation steps. Run the following commands to load database.
`python
# load template and grid
utemplib = laygen.tech + '_microtemplates_dense' # device template library name
laygen.load_template(filename='./labs/' + utemplib + '_templates.yaml', libname=utemplib)
laygen.load_grid(filename='./labs/' + utemplib + '_grids.yaml', libname=utemplib)
laygen.templates.sel_library(utemplib)
laygen.grids.sel_library(utemplib)
`
load_template and load_grid functions load yaml files that store template and grid database to laygen.templates and laygen.grid. If you want to see the loaded information, run the following commands.
`
laygen.templates.display()
laygen.grids.display()
`
Or you can specify template (or grid name) to display, like this.
`python
laygen.templates.display(libname='cds_ff_mpt_microtemplates_dense', templatename='nmos4_fast_center_nf2')
laygen.grids.display(libname='cds_ff_mpt_microtemplates_dense', gridname='route_M1_M2_basic')
`
Then you can see the specified template and grid information, as shown below.
``` Display lib:cds_ff_mpt_microtemplates_dense, template:nmos4_fast_center_nf2 [Library]cds_ff_mpt_microtemplates_dense
[Template]nmos4_fast_center_nf2 xy:[[0.0, 0.0], [0.4, 0.9]] pins:{‘S0’: {‘netname’: ‘S0’, ‘layer’: [‘M1’, ‘pin’], ‘xy’: array([[-0.05, 0.2 ],
[ 0.05, 0.5 ]])}, ‘S1’: {‘netname’: ‘S1’, ‘layer’: [‘M1’, ‘pin’], ‘xy’: array([[ 0.35, 0.2 ], [ 0.45, 0.5 ]])}, ‘D0’: {‘netname’: ‘D0’, ‘layer’: [‘M1’, ‘pin’], ‘xy’: array([[ 0.15, 0.2 ], [ 0.25, 0.5 ]])}, ‘G0’: {‘netname’: ‘G0’, ‘layer’: [‘M1’, ‘pin’], ‘xy’: array([[ 0.125, 0.625], [ 0.275, 0.775]])}}
Display lib:cds_ff_mpt_microtemplates_dense, grid:route_M1_M2_basic [Library]cds_ff_mpt_microtemplates_dense
- [Grid]route_M1_M2_basic
- route_M1_M2_basic width:0.2 height:0.2 xgrid:[ 0.] ygrid:[ 0.] xwidth:[ 0.1] ywidth:[ 0.1] viamap:{via_M1_M2_0: [0, 0] }
## Library and cell creation The next step is creating a library and cell to work on. Run the following commands to create a workspace.
`python
# library & cell creation
laygen.add_library('laygo_working')
laygen.add_cell('nand_test')
`
The commands will create library and cell to work on. In order to
display the contents, simply type `laygen.display()`
.
The output will be like this. (The nand_test is empty because we did not
create anything yet).
``` Display [Library]laygo_working
[Cell]nand_test
## Cell placements The following commands will place 4 2-fingered transistors (2 nmos, 2 pmos) and cluster them to 2 lists, nd and pd.
```python # placement parameters pg = ‘placement_basic’ # placement grid
nd = [] # nmos nd += [laygen.place(gridname=pg, cellname=’nmos4_fast_boundary’)] nd += [laygen.place(gridname=pg, cellname=’nmos4_fast_center_nf2’, ref=nd[-1].right, shape=[2, 1])] nd += [laygen.place(gridname=pg, cellname=’nmos4_fast_boundary’, ref=nd[-1].right)] nd += [laygen.place(gridname=pg, cellname=’nmos4_fast_boundary’, ref=nd[-1].right)] nd += [laygen.place(gridname=pg, cellname=’nmos4_fast_center_nf2’, ref=nd[-1].right, shape=[2, 1])] nd += [laygen.place(gridname=pg, cellname=’nmos4_fast_boundary’, ref=nd[-1].right)] pd = [] # pmos pd += [laygen.place(gridname=pg, cellname=’pmos4_fast_boundary’, ref=nd[0].top, transform=’MX’)] pd += [laygen.place(gridname=pg, cellname=’pmos4_fast_center_nf2’, ref=pd[-1].right, shape=[2, 1], transform=’MX’)] pd += [laygen.place(gridname=pg, cellname=’pmos4_fast_boundary’, ref=pd[-1].right, transform=’MX’)] pd += [laygen.place(gridname=pg, cellname=’pmos4_fast_boundary’, ref=pd[-1].right, transform=’MX’)] pd += [laygen.place(gridname=pg, cellname=’pmos4_fast_center_nf2’, ref=pd[-1].right, shape=[2, 1], transform=’MX’)] pd += [laygen.place(gridname=pg, cellname=’pmos4_fast_boundary’, ref=pd[-1].right, transform=’MX’)] ```
GridLayoutGenerator.place function places templates on grid, using relative geometry information provided as arguments. Basically there are 2 ways to place templates:
1. mn: with mn=[m, n] argument, the function places the template (specified by templatename) at [m, n] on grid, specified by gridname. The default value is [0, 0].
For example, the following command will place inst0 (cellname is mycell0) at [3, 1], on mygrid.
`python inst0 = laygen.relplace(cellname='mycell0', gridname='mygrid', mn=[1, 3]) `
transform paramter is used for mirroring/rotation. For example, this command will do a mirrored placement in x-axis.
`python inst0 = laygen.relplace(cellname='mycell0', gridname='mygrid', mn=[1, 3], transform='MX') `
Possible transform parameters are R0, R180, MX, MY, and MXY. The following figure shows how instances are placed by running the above two commands.
![placement](images/laygo_bag_placement0.png)
2. ref: You can use the ref argument to specify the reference object that the new object is placed from.
Following objects can be used for the ref argument.
Instance / InstanceArray : the new instance will be placed at the right side of ref.
For example, the following command will place inst1 (mycell1) at the right side of inst0, on mygrid.
`python #pseudo code. modify parameter values for actual use inst1 = laygen.relplace(cellname='mycell1', gridname='mygrid', ref=inst0) `
![placement](images/laygo_bag_placement1.png)
Pointer objects defined in Instance / InstanceArray : The Instance
and InstanceArray objects have various Pointer objects to contain geometry information. The Pointers can be used for ref. Supported Pointer objects are left, right, top, bottom.
For example, the following command will place inst2 at the bottom side of inst1, mirrored in x-axis.
`python #pseudo code. modify parameter values for actual use inst2 = laygen.relplace(cellname='mycell2', gridname='mygrid', ref=inst1.bottom) `
![placement](images/laygo_bag_placement2.png)
- You can also combine those two ways of placement. The following example will place inst3 at
- the right side of inst2, with [1, 0] offset on ‘mygrid’, mirrored in x-axis.
`python
#pseudo code. modify parameter values for actual use
inst3 = laygen.relplace(cellname='mycell3', gridname='mygrid', xy=[1, 0], ref=inst2.right, transform='MX')
`
![placement](images/laygo_bag_placement3.png)
The way of architecting your templates completely depends on your preference. The example generator codes assume nmos4_fast_center_nf2 and pmos4_fast_center_nf2 templates are used for 2-fingered NMOS/PMOS devices, and nmos4_fast_boundary and pmos4_fast_boundary templates for boundary geometries for NMOS/PMOS devices.
The resulting layout should look like this.
![placement](images/laygo_bag_nand_placement.png)
If you want to display the layout, run the following command and open laygo/nand_test.
`python
laygen.export_BAG(prj)
`
The place function also has other arguments, explained below:
1. shape parameter sets the array dimension, for mosaic placements. (eg. shape=[2, 3] will create a 2x3 dimensional array) 2. spacing parameter sets the ‘pitch’ of the array placement. If None, laygo calculates the spacing parameter from the size of template.
Refer to the API documentation for details.
## Signal routing GridLayoutGenerator2.route function is used for creating metal wires. Like the place function, the route function can use xy0/xy1, and/or
refobj0/refobj1. route uses two arguments for each type of input because the route needs to calculate the starting and ending point of wire.
This example creates a vertical and a horizontal route on grid. Layers are
automatically selected based on their routing directions.
`python
#pseudo code. modify parameter values for actual use
laygen.route(gridname0='myroutegrid', mn0=[2, 4], mn1=[2, 6]) #vertical
laygen.route(gridname0='myroutegrid', mn0=[2, 4], mn1=[5, 4]) #horizontal
`
This example shows a routing example using refobj (from A pin of inst0 to B pin of inst1).
`python
#pseudo code. modify parameter values for actual use
laygen.route(gridname0='myroutegrid', ref0=inst0.pins['A'], ref1=inst1.pins['B'])
`
As shown in the relplace section, the xy and refobj parameters can be combined.
`python
#pseudo code. modify parameter values for actual use
laygen.route(gridname0='myroutegrid', ref0=inst0.pins['A'], mn0=[2, 1], ref1=inst1.pins['B'], mn=[0, 1])
`
- Let’s go back to the real example. Running the following commands creates a rotated L shape route structure,
- stacked from M1 to M3, for one of the nand gate input.
`python
# a
r0 = laygen.route(gridname0=rg12, ref0=nd[4].pins['G0'], ref1=pd[4].pins['G0'], via1=[0, 0])
r1 = laygen.route(gridname0=rg12, mn0=[0, 0], mn1=[0, 0], ref0=pd[4].pins['G0'][0, 0], ref1=pd[4].pins['G0'][-1, 0])
ra = laygen.route(gridname0=rg23, mn0=[0, 0], mn1=[0, 2], ref0=pd[4].pins['G0'][0, 0], ref1=pd[4].pins['G0'][0, 0], via0=[0, 0])
`
- The first line creates a route from the G0 pin of nd[4] (which is the second NMOS)
- to the G0 pin of pd[4] (which is the second PMOS) on rg12, with an additional via placement at the end point. So this is basically connecting the gates of NMOS and PMOS.
The second line will create a horizontal route over the gate row, with a -2 offset at the starting point. Since we already create the connecting vias in the first line, there’s no need to add more vias.
The third line is creating the final vertical metal stub for the pin connection.
The generated routing pattern should look like this (if you run export_BAG):
![placement](images/laygo_bag_nand_route.png)
Running following commands will generate rest wire connections.
```python # b laygen.route(gridname0=rg12, ref0=nd[1].pins[‘G0’], ref1=pd[1].pins[‘G0’], via0=[0, 0]) laygen.route(gridname0=rg12, mn0=[0, 0], mn1=[0, 0], ref0=nd[1].pins[‘G0’][0, 0], ref1=nd[1].pins[‘G0’][-1, 0]) rb = laygen.route(gridname0=rg23, mn0=[0, 0], mn1=[0, 2], ref0=nd[1].pins[‘G0’][0, 0], ref1=nd[1].pins[‘G0’][0, 0], via0=[0, 0]) # internal connections ri = laygen.route(gridname0=rg12, ref0=nd[1].pins[‘D0’][0, 0].top, ref1=nd[4].pins[‘S1’][-1, 0].top) for _p in np.concatenate((nd[1].pins[‘D0’], nd[4].pins[‘S0’], nd[4].pins[‘S1’])):
laygen.via(gridname=rg12, ref=_p, overlay=ri)
# output ron = laygen.route(gridname0=rg12, mn0=[-1, 0], mn1=[1, 0], ref0=nd[4].pins[‘D0’][0, 0], ref1=nd[4].pins[‘D0’][-1, 0]) rop = laygen.route(gridname0=rg12, mn0=[0, 0], mn1=[1, 0], ref0=pd[1].pins[‘D0’][0, 0].top, ref1=pd[4].pins[‘D0’][-1, 0].top) laygen.via(gridname=rg12, ref=nd[4].pins[‘D0’], overlay=ron) laygen.via(gridname=rg12, ref=pd[1].pins[‘D0’], overlay=rop) laygen.via(gridname=rg12, ref=pd[4].pins[‘D0’], overlay=rop) ro = laygen.route(gridname0=rg23, ref0=ron.right, ref1=rop.right, via0=[0, 0], via1=[0, 0]) ```
## Power routing Power routing is very similar to signal routing. Run following commands to creat power rail shapes.
```python # power and ground route for dev in [nd[1], pd[1], pd[4]]:
- for pn in [‘S0’, ‘S1’]:
- laygen.route(gridname0=rg12, ref0=dev.pins[pn], ref1=dev.bottom, direction=’y’, via1=[0, 0])
# power and groud rails rvdd = laygen.route(gridname0=rg12, ref0=pd[0].bottom_left, ref1=pd[5].bottom_right) rvss = laygen.route(gridname0=rg12, ref0=nd[0].bottom_left, ref1=nd[5].bottom_right) ```
## Pin creation GridLayoutGenerator.pin function creates a pin and paste it to the generated layout, like this.
```python # pins for pn, pg, pr in zip([‘A’, ‘B’, ‘O’, ‘VDD’, ‘VSS’], [rg12, rg12, rg23, rg12, rg12], [ra, rb, ro, rvdd, rvss]):
laygen.pin(name=pn, gridname=pg, refobj=pr)
## Export to BAG Running the following command will produce the final layout.
`
# export
import bag
prj = bag.BagProject()
laygen.export_BAG(prj)
`
The resulting layout will look like this.
![nand](images/laygo_bag_nand_cds.png)


---
layout: post
title: 10 Ideas To Get A Full Time Job At Buffer
category: 10ideas
---
I wrote a blog post about why Buffer is my dream company to work for. This is a list of ideas on how I can make that dream a reality.
The Ideas
- Buffer my resume to Buffer
- Gain expereince in all of the languages listed in their back-end job description
- PHP
- Python
- Backbone.js
- React.js
- Read through their open source code
- Blog about each repository
- Make contributions when I can
- Read the two recommended books from their company webpage
- How To Win Friends And Influence People
- Delivering Happiness
- Personally relate to each of their 10 core values
- Buffer a tweet about each one
- Follow Buffer employees and cofounders on Twitter
- Retweet and directly communicate with them
- Write down what you have learned working remotely at Codecademy and Dev Bootcamp
- Compare this to Buffer's working remotely setup
- Get letter(s) of recommendation from Engineers at DBC and/or Codecademy
- Add Buffer to Codesnaps.io
- Be persistent
- Do not settle for no response
- Do not settle for the first no
- Read all of Buffer's blog posts
- They do a great job of telling the company's history
- Read Undisturbed REST - A guide book to desiging the perfect API
- Build CodeIgniter/React.js application
- Build Python/Backbone.js application
- Ask students to tweet Buffer on how I helped them learn coding


Carmelo is located up the Rio de la Plata which separates Uruguay from Argentina, on the shores of the Arroyo de las Vacas (“Cows´Creek”).
The Arroyo de las Vacas runs along the eastern and southern part of the city. This river serves as a port for the town. On its north bank there is the Puerto Carmelo-Tigre, where small catamaran boats carry passengers across the Rio de la Plata to Argentina.
A bridge joins the north part of the city with its small southern part, where another port along the southern banks of the river accommodates private boats and the Yacht Club Carmelo.
Carmelo is well known for its wineries and is a very attractive town.
Location: 34° 33.6´ S, 58° 18.1´ W
The “Dirección Nacional de Hidrografía” (National Hydrographic Directorate) can assist with finding suitable berthing here. Contact them on (+) 598 4542 2058 or VHF Ch: 16 or by e-mail at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Open Low season: Mon-Sat: 07.00 to 18.00, Sun: 09.00 to 17.00. High season: All days Mon-Sun: 07.00 to 20.00
The Yacht Club is only a few minutes walk from the centre of town. Information on other services for yachts in this small town coming soon.
Last updated April 2013.


On this page we quickly explain how to use this service. For in-depth information see "How it is built?" tab.
It takes up to 10 seconds to fully load the charts, so be patient and watch the progress indicator in the top right corner near the logo. The status should display "Receiving chart data", then "Drawing charts" and then your login status ("Not logged in" or "Logged in as ...").
Although full data set of indicators is provided in paid version, we provide limited set of indicators and delayed arbitrage charts free of charge to give an idea of what you can get as a paid customer.
To subscribe, you need to login first. We don't use passwords as social login is more secure. Go to "Login and Subscribe" tab and use your Twitter, Facebook or Google account to login. If you don't like the idea of social login you can get a new account at http://myopenid.com and use it to login.
When your status becomes "Logged in as... ", go to Configure tab, click you subscription plan button and send exact amount of BTC to that assigned bitcoin address.
It usually takes from 30 minutes to 1 hour to activate your subscription. Wait for some time and reload the page. Check Configure tab to see if your subscription was activated.
Charts are ordered to display indicators synchronously. So you can analyse price movements with corresponding changes in orderbooks and trading volumes.
You can use mouse to increase detalization of the chart. Just drag part of the chart to zoom in and double click to zoom out. Try several times to play with it. Also you can use zoom window on the last chart. When you zoom in/out on one chart you change zoom for all of them.
Charts are calculated depending BTC volume we want to sell/buy. Different volume means different prices and different behaviour.
Arbitrage tables are calculated depending on BTC volume. They are recalculated every 15 seconds. In details you can read further "Arbitrage tables" tab explanation.
From the very beginning we assume this service as a business. The idea of this business experiment must be supported by customers in order to give us financial signals and incentives to further develop and improve the service and help grow overall understanding of the Bitcoin market among users and traders, and thus improve the bitcoin free market experiment itself.
Regardless of whether you are a guest or a paying member of our site, we value your attention. Please do not hesitate to ask questions, or to leave feedback on how we may improve our service, in Help & Feedback.
We value Bitcoin. We think that Bitcoin has value. That is why we started this project.
Our project is a business and as an all-new entrepreneurial idea it is an experiment, as it is Bitcoin itself.
This project is an experiment from many points of view: it is Bitcoin promotion and an attempt to provide a useful tool which we as Bitcoin users and traders want for ourselves; it is an experiment in economics, learning, understanding and practicing different mainstream and non-mainstream economical schools and ideas; it is also an interesting technical experiment for us as software developers.
What does it mean for you as for users and customers of the business service which is in its early establishment state? It means that from the very beginning you will experience all problems we will have, especially technical. The only excuse we have is that Bitcoin technology itself is in its infancy and we hope for your understanding and generosity.
From our side we pledge our time and efforts to provide you with a service more valuable for you than the amount of Bitcoins you spent on it.
The server collects order books from exchanges and trades from bitcoincharts.com, calculates the charts from raw data and pushes the data to connected clients in real time. Below is a brief explanation of technical details.
The server requests order books from 12 Bitcoin exchanges every 15 seconds. We decided to focus our efforts on USD exchanges: mtgox.com, btc-e.com, btcex.com, CampBX.com, cryptoxchange.com, intersango.us, www.bitstamp.net, bitfloor.com, ruxum.com, vircurex.com. The collector allows us to add new exchanges without technical difficulties. We plan to add non USD exchanges at some point in the future.
Trading information is requested from bitcoincharts.com. Normally trading data propagates almost instantly as trades are executed. However, sometimes bitcoincharts.com provides trade data several minutes after the actual trades, or trade data appear out of order. Our algorithm accounts for these effects and correctly synchronizes charts in browsers. So sometimes parts of the charts are recalculated, resent and redrawn as data for old trades arrived.
Currently we display only 24 hours of data with 15 seconds granularity, but we plan to add a 2 months view with 15 minutes granularity soon.
The web site is technically a one-page web application - it means we don't have page reloads so you can switch between charts instantly to compare them. Chart drawing is slow on netbooks, but our measurements show there is space for improvements, so zooming and panning will get faster over time as our service matures.
We see our website as an analytical tool that visualizes trading activity on exchanges.
To add details, we distinguish between sides of a trade when it makes sense. This means splitting of market activity into
buying and selling and into liquidity supply and liquidity demand.
Each pair is calculated depending on predefined trading volume.
To have various focus of analyses there are a set of predefined trading volumes of 10, 100, 1000, 10000 and 100000 BTC.
Five pairs of indicators are calculated for each exchange to allow to compare trading activity among different exchanges.
To switch between different exchanges and between predefined trading volumes two independent controls can be used
to focus attention on one exchange and one trading volume scale at a time.
The whole set of indicators per exchange and per trading volume is calculated for every time slot and presented in bid/ask charts.
The 'allUSD' ticker is a consolidated view of all exchanges. The indicators are calculated for allUSD the same way, as if it was a real exchange.
The order book of this composite exchange is just a standard consolidated limit order book compiled of all supported exchanges - that is, limit orders on all exchanges joined together and ordered by their respective limit price. The consolidated trade stream is just trades on all exchanges joined together and ordered by execution time stamp.
The computed charts for allUSD provide insights of what happens at Bitcoin market as a whole. For the first time it is possible to see how activity on any particular exchange differs from the market in general. Without saying that consolidated order book can show which arbitrage opportunity actually available depending on trading volume of the whole market and how it changed over time.
For example, by comparison of mtgoxUSD and allUSD you can see if MtGox is dominating the market at the moment. For 10000 it almost always is, but if you want to trade less than 100 BTC, the best available price is almost certainly a second-grade exchange having enough volume.
In most cases the benefit from selecting the right exchange and the right trade execution strategy financially outweighs our moderate subscription cost - so if you trade Bitcoins often, think of supporting us, so we can develop more visualizations and analytical tools and add more exchanges.
Bitcoin markets are illiquid markets with relatively low volumes where price for market orders varies significantly depending on demanded volume. Implying illiquidity of bitcoin markets, traditional tickers of best bid and ask prices are not relevant for practical trading.
To help assessing price for the given volume of bitcoins, exchanges provide with so called Level 2 Market Data, including full anonymized order books. It is now possible to answer the question what is market price of the given order volume.
Bitcoin exchanges have somewhat non-standard notion of market order. They assume that market order allows one to buy given volume of a financial instrument at its current price. However, a widely accepted definition is that market order buys you a given volume at its best available price without respect to the price.
The difference is tremendous. For example, a genuine market order for 10000 BTC on MtGox will be executed immediately and it will shift the price a lot, so the resulting average price (the execution price) will be much worse than the current price. However, with current implementation of market orders when you choose to place a market order, you are suggested current price, which is not what you will actually get. We checked all of the 12 which declare an MKT capability.
The current implementations assume infinite liquidity which is the case neither at MtGox (talk less of smaller exchanges) not on really big exchanges such as NYSE.
So our system provides MKT Execution Price chart. To calculate the price, we go deeper and deeper in order book until we fetch the declared volume (e.g. 1000 BTC). Then we divide total BTC by total USD, get the actual market price for a given volume and display how it varies with time.
Note that the system also accounts for limited volume of order books. Sometimes you cannot trade 1000 BTC at all because there are not enough offers from liquidity suppliers. Sometimes you can, but most of this 1000 will be spam orders at very unattractive prices. Our chart reflects these phenomena.
Our idea is to calculate such market price for pretty arbitrary a set of volumes: 10, 100, 1000, 10000 btc. We assume that although for practical trading prices for different volumes have to be calculated, these selected volumes allow quick analyzes of the prices distribution and volume capacity on the given market.
Additional step toward Level 2 Market Data implies a possibility to analyze market activity separately for buyers and sellers. Thus separating dynamics of bid and ask allows deeper understanding of the market.
Traders perform two different roles with regard to liquidity.
On one side, there are traders, buyers and sellers, who provide resources for exchange – liquidity providers.
And on the other side, there are traders who are willing to consume those resources provided for exchange – liquidity demanders.
Depending on the current role of the trader his goals will differ as well as his behavior.
Currently we assume two main indicators which illustrate activity of liquidity suppliers.
A market can be considered as two groups of traders standing in front of each other. On one side there are buyers who have USD and want to buy BTC. On the other side there are sellers who have BTC and want to sell them for USD. Thus current order book volume can be measured by summing up all USD on the buyers side and all BTC on the sellers side.
It is their dynamics which can be considered activity of liquidity suppliers.
Note that special care should be taken to separate 'real' data from 'noise' and 'spam'. Let's say you want to sell 1 BTC for 1,000,000 USD and place such limit order. What is order book volume? The order book volume is certainly not 1 million dollars - these dollars are an illusion which materializes only when the order executes. And in this case the order will never materialize because of such a grandiose price. On the other hand, if you have 1 dollar and want to buy 1,000,000 USD for it - it is 1 BTC which is real, and 1,000,000 USD which is illusory. That's why we display order book volume in USD and BTC instead of converting them into a common dimension. In fact, order books provide no information to perform such conversion.
In contrast with traditional exchanges, bitcoin exchanges do not require high entry price for a trader. Thus on one exchange there are traders who just occasionally sell or buy, small amount of BTC (10 BTC) for respectively small amount of USD (50 USD). Such trades usually executed hundred and thousand times in 24 hours on MtGox.
On the other hand there can be powerful traders who operate with much larger sums of BTC (1000 – 1000 BTC). Such trades are executed 2-3 times in 24 hours on MtGox.
Both groups will ask different questions about the price prevailing on the current market depending on preferred order amounts operated by the trader.
Buyer will be interested in current market price to buy 10, 100, 1000, 10000 amount of BTC depending on his strategy and financial resources at hand. The same will be with Seller who will be interested in current market price to sell 10, 100, 1000, 10000 BTC.
Order books provide us enough data to calculate bid and ask prices for given BTC volumes. Gathering historical bids and asks for given BTC volumes, allows to analyze price valuations distributed in time and depending on the BTC volumes available for trading. Thus activity of liquidity suppliers can be further illustrated.
Our understanding of the market will be incomplete without knowing activity of liquidity demanders. Contrary to the activity of liquidity suppliers, which can be gathered from order books, volumes of BTC trades actually executed on the exchange represent activity of liquidity demanders. Using trading data allows us to calculate various indicators which can possibly effectively illustrate liquidity demander’s behavior on the given market. These indicators can help us answer following set of questions.
What actual trading activity pattern prevailed recently on the market? At any given moment selling activity can prevail, and at the next period of time buying activity can prevail.
What actual amounts of BTC prevail in the current selling or buying activity?
What time can be expected to successfully sell/buy a given BTC amount on the market? And at what actual price given BTC amount could be bough/sold?
Let’s take 10 BTC volume for analysis. For every new time slot we calculate sum of all sells/buys respectively going back in time until the sum of 10 traded BTC (sold/bought) is reached. Then we stop summing and calculate time which was actually needed on the market to sell/buy respectively 10 BTC. If we take a look on Mtgox charts we can see that it has relatively high trading activity in volumes of 10 BTC or below. Let’s assume that throughout the 24 hour period in general time to sell/buy 10 BTC did not exceed 16-minutes. And for 1000 BTC this time in general can exceed 3-4 hours in a last 24 hour period. Although, for any given period of time and market state this indicator can significantly vary, we still can make comparison between different trading activities, depending on volumes which were traded.
This is an experimental indicator which we assume can show what variety of indicators in general can be provided by our service. It is easy to imagine that if in general on the market small traders activity is prevailing over big traders activity then we can expect that relatively small volumes below 10 BTC will be traded much frequently than bigger amounts of 1000 BTC and above.
The same indicator can be used to compare trading activity among different exchanges.
Let’s again take 10 BTC volume for example analysis. For every new time slot we calculate sum of all sells/buys respectively going back in time until the sum of 10 traded BTC (sold/bought) is reached. Then we stop summing and calculate the whole amount of USD was traded against last 10 BTC. Then we divide sum of all USD by sum of 10 BTC traded and find the average price of last BTC sold/bought on the market. If we take a look at Mtgox charts we can notice that 10 BTC trades can move the price significantly, but it is obvious that 1000 BTC trades can outperform those price changes from relatively small trades. Or if general amount of 10 BTC trades is prevailing on the market then at some point they can influence general market more than relatively infrequent big trades.
Also for any given period of time and market state this indicator can be significantly different, it still allows us make a comparison between different trading activity, depending on volumes and between different exchanges.
This is an experimental indicator.
This is a standard indicator which as actually does cannot be differentiated by the predefined volume and its only difference as with all our indicators is separation between volumes sold and bought on the current market.
Currently bitcoincharts.com do not provide us with all necessary information about actual direction of trades. Although we know that mtgox provides trade type in its experimental websocket api interface, we decided not to implement it for the first stage of this service for several reasons. Websocket interface is provide only for mtgox, and until recently it had issiues with reliablity. On the next stages of development we consider using weboscket interface. And we hope that in the near future all major exchanges will be providing this very valuable information. But until then we can empirically separate trades using currently available order books best bid and best ask prices as a reference. Our idea is simple: to calculate the median price between best bid and best ask for any new time slot. Then each trade in this time slot can be compared against this median price and those trades with price below median price can be assumed as selling activity and those which equal or above the median price can be assumed as buying activity. We understand that at some very narrow bid/ask spread and quick price moves there can be some errors, but in general they will be insignificant although unavoidable until data providers will start providing exact trading information.
The table displays arbitrage opportunities for lots of 10, 100, 1k, 10k and 100k BTC between different USD markets.
The table looks similar to http://nyse-group.de/bitcoin-arbitrage and other existing tables, but it has something different under the hood:
1. It doesn't display an opportunity if there's too little volume offered at a pair of exchanges.
You can see our arbitrage table shrinking as you increase the volume. For example, only 3 exchanges have 10k BTC in their order books: btceUSD, cryptoxUSD and mtgoxUSD.
2. It displays market order execution prices for corresponding volume instead of best prices.
In most cases, very little volume is offered at the best price - so if MtGox ticker says 5.3, it doesn't mean that you can buy or sell 1000 coins at that price. Our arbitrage calculator accounts for that by going deeper in the orderbook than best price and displaying you the real volume weighted average price between several orderbook entries.
So you can see prices for arbitrage between mtgoxUSD and btceUSD (for example) varying with volume.
3. We extended the usual color coding from 2 to 4 colors:
- orange means there is positive price difference - you can buy low at one exchange and sell high at another one (but beware transaction fees and other commissions!) - yellow means there is no arbitrage and negative bid-ask price difference is less than 10% - that is, market is efficient. - white means there is no arbitrage but price difference is more than 10% - it means there is a market making opportunity, you can try to make money by putting limit orders at these two exchanges - black means there's not enough volume on one of the exchanges
The 10% threshold is based on our subjective feeling of illiquidity and is more or less arbitrary.
4. At the top of the table you see best available execution price for the lot. You can use the percentage as a measure of bitcoin markets efficiency. The square is usually orange - so best bid usually is higher than best ask because of inefficiencies! But it's rather hard to capitalize on this difference as it requires a complicated execution strategy and will probably be eaten by different fees.
The free version of arbitrage table is delayed by 6 hours - it shows quotes 6 hours from now. The paid version (available after you subscribe with a modest fee) shows realtime quotes (fetched from exchanges using their orderbook API every 15 seconds and updated using web sockets just like the charts).
Also note, that these days arbitrage opportunities only happen during price swipes, so keep watching
Good luck in your profit seeking!


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Dashboard layout basement for potential client / administrator area. With product-like design, colors and styles. Smooth content sliding effect when browsing thru left menu
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Watch LeBron James high five himself after he's left hanging
by Andy MoserLeBron James, NBA superstar and GOAT contender, was left hanging on the bench Sunday night when the Lakers faced off against the Atlanta Hawks.
James didn't seem bothered, but there's surprisingly a lot happening in this little three-second clip.
First, the obvious: LeBron reaches out to teammate Dwight Howard for a standard high five. Howard, who is 6'10" and quite used to blocking shots, rejects LeBron in an entirely different way, not even acknowledging the attempt. Howard then slaps hands with a man in a navy blue suit instead.
Once LeBron notices what just happened, he high fives himself. Because why not? But then, the man in the dark grey suit behind LeBron decides he wants to be a hero. Having witnessed the stone-cold rejection in front of his face, he ponders for a brief moment and then boldly reaches his hand out to LeBron as a consolation. That man is then, left hanging. Oofs all around.
And then there's the man in the light grey suit and tie, whose face reads, How long until Howard gets cut?
As strange and hilarious as it is to see players get left hanging, LeBron is only the latest in a slew of NBA legends to airball a high five.
Thanks to this montage from YouTube channel Hoops Card, you can watch Steph Curry, Russell Westbrook, Blake Griffin, and... LeBron James, again, feel the cold sting of a failed high five. It's as if it's a rite of passage for NBA stardom, which for LeBron, means it was going to happen sooner or later.


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--- layout: post title: |- At Space Science Symposium celebrating 50 years of Gordon Shepherd's research date: '2010-05-27T15:04:00.000-04:00' author: Bob Sica tags: modified_time: '2011-12-21T12:48:50.432-05:00' blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-736339229338318027.post-8404133823407858870 blogger_orig_url: http://blog.purplecrowlidar.ca/2010/05/at-space-science-symposium-celebrating.html ---


Match Play. 0-0 to 3. How should Red play 31?
pips Red=108 White=111
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
The three plays, (a) 8/4, (b) 9/8, 9/6 and (c) 4/1*, 2/1 are very close in terms of equity and none can be classified as an error.
Play (c) is only viable because of the two blots in White’s home board. However, it does just get the nod because it wins a higher percentage of gammons.
The key question is this: did you see 4/1*, 2/1 as a candidate play?
Play (c) is only viable because of the two blots in White’s home board. However, it does just get the nod because it wins a higher percentage of gammons.
The key question is this: did you see 4/1*, 2/1 as a candidate play?
1. Cubeful 2-ply 9/8 9/6 Eq.: +0.353 0.563 0.073 0.007 - 0.437 0.061 0.000 2. Cubeful 2-ply 4/1* 2/1 Eq.: +0.351 (-0.002) 0.576 0.126 0.006 - 0.424 0.149 0.002 3. Cubeful 2-ply 8/4 Eq.: +0.348 (-0.005) 0.563 0.080 0.008 - 0.437 0.072 0.001 4. Cubeful 2-ply 16/12 Eq.: +0.246 (-0.107) 0.534 0.086 0.008 - 0.466 0.107 0.001 5. Cubeful 2-ply 16/15 4/1* Eq.: +0.238 (-0.115) 0.546 0.105 0.003 - 0.454 0.165 0.002


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Pythonize your ops!
Challenges from FreeCodeCamp
Challenges from CheckiO
Simple project pool by Jesús Muñoz. Proudly using Github Pages and Bulma.


Stability: 2 - Unstable
Domains provide a way to handle multiple different IO operations as a
single group. If any of the event emitters or callbacks registered to a
domain emit an error
event, or throw an error, then the domain object
will be notified, rather than losing the context of the error in the
process.on('uncaughtException')
handler, or causing the program to
exit immediately with an error code.
Domain error handlers are not a substitute for closing down your process when an error occurs.
By the very nature of how throw
works in JavaScript, there is almost
never any way to safely "pick up where you left off", without leaking
references, or creating some other sort of undefined brittle state.
The safest way to respond to a thrown error is to shut down the process. Of course, in a normal web server, you might have many connections open, and it is not reasonable to abruptly shut those down because an error was triggered by someone else.
The better approach is send an error response to the request that triggered the error, while letting the others finish in their normal time, and stop listening for new requests in that worker.
In this way, domain
usage goes hand-in-hand with the cluster module,
since the master process can fork a new worker when a worker
encounters an error. For node programs that scale to multiple
machines, the terminating proxy or service registry can take note of
the failure, and react accordingly.
For example, this is not a good idea:
// XXX WARNING! BAD IDEA!
var d = require('domain').create();
d.on('error', function(er) {
// The error won't crash the process, but what it does is worse!
// Though we've prevented abrupt process restarting, we are leaking
// resources like crazy if this ever happens.
// This is no better than process.on('uncaughtException')!
console.log('error, but oh well', er.message);
});
d.run(function() {
require('http').createServer(function(req, res) {
handleRequest(req, res);
}).listen(PORT);
});
By using the context of a domain, and the resilience of separating our program into multiple worker processes, we can react more appropriately, and handle errors with much greater safety.
// Much better!
var cluster = require('cluster');
var PORT = +process.env.PORT || 1337;
if (cluster.isMaster) {
// In real life, you'd probably use more than just 2 workers,
// and perhaps not put the master and worker in the same file.
//
// You can also of course get a bit fancier about logging, and
// implement whatever custom logic you need to prevent DoS
// attacks and other bad behavior.
//
// See the options in the cluster documentation.
//
// The important thing is that the master does very little,
// increasing our resilience to unexpected errors.
cluster.fork();
cluster.fork();
cluster.on('disconnect', function(worker) {
console.error('disconnect!');
cluster.fork();
});
} else {
// the worker
//
// This is where we put our bugs!
var domain = require('domain');
// See the cluster documentation for more details about using
// worker processes to serve requests. How it works, caveats, etc.
var server = require('http').createServer(function(req, res) {
var d = domain.create();
d.on('error', function(er) {
console.error('error', er.stack);
// Note: we're in dangerous territory!
// By definition, something unexpected occurred,
// which we probably didn't want.
// Anything can happen now! Be very careful!
try {
// make sure we close down within 30 seconds
var killtimer = setTimeout(function() {
process.exit(1);
}, 30000);
// But don't keep the process open just for that!
killtimer.unref();
// stop taking new requests.
server.close();
// Let the master know we're dead. This will trigger a
// 'disconnect' in the cluster master, and then it will fork
// a new worker.
cluster.worker.disconnect();
// try to send an error to the request that triggered the problem
res.statusCode = 500;
res.setHeader('content-type', 'text/plain');
res.end('Oops, there was a problem!\n');
} catch (er2) {
// oh well, not much we can do at this point.
console.error('Error sending 500!', er2.stack);
}
});
// Because req and res were created before this domain existed,
// we need to explicitly add them.
// See the explanation of implicit vs explicit binding below.
d.add(req);
d.add(res);
// Now run the handler function in the domain.
d.run(function() {
handleRequest(req, res);
});
});
server.listen(PORT);
}
// This part isn't important. Just an example routing thing.
// You'd put your fancy application logic here.
function handleRequest(req, res) {
switch(req.url) {
case '/error':
// We do some async stuff, and then...
setTimeout(function() {
// Whoops!
flerb.bark();
});
break;
default:
res.end('ok');
}
}
Any time an Error object is routed through a domain, a few extra fields are added to it.
error.domain
The domain that first handled the error.error.domainEmitter
The event emitter that emitted an 'error' event
with the error object.error.domainBound
The callback function which was bound to the
domain, and passed an error as its first argument.error.domainThrown
A boolean indicating whether the error was
thrown, emitted, or passed to a bound callback function.If domains are in use, then all new EventEmitter objects (including Stream objects, requests, responses, etc.) will be implicitly bound to the active domain at the time of their creation.
Additionally, callbacks passed to lowlevel event loop requests (such as to fs.open, or other callback-taking methods) will automatically be bound to the active domain. If they throw, then the domain will catch the error.
In order to prevent excessive memory usage, Domain objects themselves are not implicitly added as children of the active domain. If they were, then it would be too easy to prevent request and response objects from being properly garbage collected.
If you want to nest Domain objects as children of a parent Domain, then you must explicitly add them.
Implicit binding routes thrown errors and 'error'
events to the
Domain's error
event, but does not register the EventEmitter on the
Domain, so domain.dispose()
will not shut down the EventEmitter.
Implicit binding only takes care of thrown errors and 'error'
events.
Sometimes, the domain in use is not the one that ought to be used for a specific event emitter. Or, the event emitter could have been created in the context of one domain, but ought to instead be bound to some other domain.
For example, there could be one domain in use for an HTTP server, but perhaps we would like to have a separate domain to use for each request.
That is possible via explicit binding.
For example:
// create a top-level domain for the server
var serverDomain = domain.create();
serverDomain.run(function() {
// server is created in the scope of serverDomain
http.createServer(function(req, res) {
// req and res are also created in the scope of serverDomain
// however, we'd prefer to have a separate domain for each request.
// create it first thing, and add req and res to it.
var reqd = domain.create();
reqd.add(req);
reqd.add(res);
reqd.on('error', function(er) {
console.error('Error', er, req.url);
try {
res.writeHead(500);
res.end('Error occurred, sorry.');
} catch (er) {
console.error('Error sending 500', er, req.url);
}
});
}).listen(1337);
});
Returns a new Domain object.
The Domain class encapsulates the functionality of routing errors and uncaught exceptions to the active Domain object.
Domain is a child class of EventEmitter. To handle the errors that it
catches, listen to its error
event.
fn
{Function}Run the supplied function in the context of the domain, implicitly binding all event emitters, timers, and lowlevel requests that are created in that context.
This is the most basic way to use a domain.
Example:
var d = domain.create();
d.on('error', function(er) {
console.error('Caught error!', er);
});
d.run(function() {
process.nextTick(function() {
setTimeout(function() { // simulating some various async stuff
fs.open('non-existent file', 'r', function(er, fd) {
if (er) throw er;
// proceed...
});
}, 100);
});
});
In this example, the d.on('error')
handler will be triggered, rather
than crashing the program.
An array of timers and event emitters that have been explicitly added to the domain.
emitter
{EventEmitter | Timer} emitter or timer to be added to the domainExplicitly adds an emitter to the domain. If any event handlers called by
the emitter throw an error, or if the emitter emits an error
event, it
will be routed to the domain's error
event, just like with implicit
binding.
This also works with timers that are returned from setInterval
and
setTimeout
. If their callback function throws, it will be caught by
the domain 'error' handler.
If the Timer or EventEmitter was already bound to a domain, it is removed from that one, and bound to this one instead.
emitter
{EventEmitter | Timer} emitter or timer to be removed from the domainThe opposite of domain.add(emitter)
. Removes domain handling from the
specified emitter.
callback
{Function} The callback functionThe returned function will be a wrapper around the supplied callback
function. When the returned function is called, any errors that are
thrown will be routed to the domain's error
event.
var d = domain.create();
function readSomeFile(filename, cb) {
fs.readFile(filename, 'utf8', d.bind(function(er, data) {
// if this throws, it will also be passed to the domain
return cb(er, data ? JSON.parse(data) : null);
}));
}
d.on('error', function(er) {
// an error occurred somewhere.
// if we throw it now, it will crash the program
// with the normal line number and stack message.
});
callback
{Function} The callback functionThis method is almost identical to domain.bind(callback)
. However, in
addition to catching thrown errors, it will also intercept Error
objects sent as the first argument to the function.
In this way, the common if (er) return callback(er);
pattern can be replaced
with a single error handler in a single place.
var d = domain.create();
function readSomeFile(filename, cb) {
fs.readFile(filename, 'utf8', d.intercept(function(data) {
// note, the first argument is never passed to the
// callback since it is assumed to be the 'Error' argument
// and thus intercepted by the domain.
// if this throws, it will also be passed to the domain
// so the error-handling logic can be moved to the 'error'
// event on the domain instead of being repeated throughout
// the program.
return cb(null, JSON.parse(data));
}));
}
d.on('error', function(er) {
// an error occurred somewhere.
// if we throw it now, it will crash the program
// with the normal line number and stack message.
});
The enter
method is plumbing used by the run
, bind
, and intercept
methods to set the active domain. It sets domain.active
and process.domain
to the domain, and implicitly pushes the domain onto the domain stack managed
by the domain module (see domain.exit()
for details on the domain stack). The
call to enter
delimits the beginning of a chain of asynchronous calls and I/O
operations bound to a domain.
Calling enter
changes only the active domain, and does not alter the domain
itself. Enter
and exit
can be called an arbitrary number of times on a
single domain.
If the domain on which enter
is called has been disposed, enter
will return
without setting the domain.
The exit
method exits the current domain, popping it off the domain stack.
Any time execution is going to switch to the context of a different chain of
asynchronous calls, it's important to ensure that the current domain is exited.
The call to exit
delimits either the end of or an interruption to the chain
of asynchronous calls and I/O operations bound to a domain.
If there are multiple, nested domains bound to the current execution context,
exit
will exit any domains nested within this domain.
Calling exit
changes only the active domain, and does not alter the domain
itself. Enter
and exit
can be called an arbitrary number of times on a
single domain.
If the domain on which exit
is called has been disposed, exit
will return
without exiting the domain.
Stability: 0 - Deprecated. Please recover from failed IO actions
explicitly via error event handlers set on the domain.
Once dispose
has been called, the domain will no longer be used by callbacks
bound into the domain via run
, bind
, or intercept
, and a dispose
event
is emitted.


SIZE
Section: GNU Development Tools (1)Updated: 2012-06-22
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
size - list section sizes and total size.SYNOPSIS
size [-A|-B|--format=compatibility][--help]
[-d|-o|-x|--radix=number]
[--common]
[-t|--totals]
[--target=bfdname] [-V|--version]
[objfile...]
DESCRIPTION
The GNU size utility lists the section sizes---and the total size---for each of the object or archive files objfile in its argument list. By default, one line of output is generated for each object file or each module in an archive.objfile... are the object files to be examined. If none are specified, the file "a.out" will be used.
OPTIONS
The command line options have the following meanings:- -A
- -B
- --format=compatibility
-
Using one of these options, you can choose whether the output from GNU
size resembles output from System V size (using -A,
or --format=sysv), or Berkeley size (using -B, or
--format=berkeley). The default is the one-line format similar to
Berkeley's.
Here is an example of the Berkeley (default) format of output from size:
$ size --format=Berkeley ranlib size text data bss dec hex filename<PHONE_NUMBER>0 11592 388392 5ed28 ranlib<PHONE_NUMBER>0 11888 388688 5ee50 size
This is the same data, but displayed closer to System V conventions:
$ size --format=SysV ranlib size ranlib : section size addr .text<PHONE_NUMBER> .data 81920 303104 .bss 11592 385024 Total 388392 size : section size addr .text<PHONE_NUMBER> .data 81920 303104 .bss 11888 385024 Total 388688
- --help
- Show a summary of acceptable arguments and options.
- -d
- -o
- -x
- --radix=number
- Using one of these options, you can control whether the size of each section is given in decimal (-d, or --radix=10); octal (-o, or --radix=8); or hexadecimal (-x, or --radix=16). In --radix=number, only the three values (8, 10, 16) are supported. The total size is always given in two radices; decimal and hexadecimal for -d or -x output, or octal and hexadecimal if you're using -o.
- --common
- Print total size of common symbols in each file. When using Berkeley format these are included in the bss size.
- -t
- --totals
- Show totals of all objects listed (Berkeley format listing mode only).
- --target=bfdname
- Specify that the object-code format for objfile is bfdname. This option may not be necessary; size can automatically recognize many formats.
- -V
- --version
- Display the version number of size.
- @file
-
Read command-line options from file. The options read are
inserted in place of the original @file option. If file
does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
literally, and not removed.
Options in file are separated by whitespace. A whitespace character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included with a backslash. The file may itself contain additional @file options; any such options will be processed recursively.
SEE ALSO
ar(1), objdump(1), readelf(1), and the Info entries for binutils.COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:29:10 GMT, December 24, 2015


Stop me if you heard this one. A person walks up to a web developer and asks, “So how much would it cost for, like, a basic website?”” We’ve all been there and have tried to explain that “it depends” without coming off sounding like a shyster.
“But you work with WordPress and I heard it was so easy you could use it right out of the box! I don’t want anything fancy; I’m just wondering what it would cost for a basic WordPress site.”
One could substitute basic with vanilla, off-the-shelf, or myriad other words for unadorned averageness. The sentiment is the same: with no work or fancy requests, a site should be cheap and/or free and free is what everybody wants.
So why ISN’T an out-of-the-box solution like WordPress easy to translate into an all-in cost analysis?
I wasn’t being facetious before because IT DEPENDS. For starters, nothing is truly out-of-the-box. WordPress does a fair bit from the get-go, but it’s still an effort to implement without a drop of customization, let alone tweak it to truly match someones idea of their basic website.
Yes, you could grab a free copy of WordPress right off the shelf like so much breakfast cereal. In fact, any hosting company worth its salt makes installing WordPress a one-click affair (take THAT, Famous Five-Minute Install!). But just because you have the cereal in hand doesn’t mean you have your basic breakfast; have you factored in the cost of a bowl and some milk?
WordPress is a readymade content management system, but it will always take work (and a budget) to go from initial installation to meeting even the most restrained client wishes.
Some site necessities clients can see coming: hosting, domain names, content, branding. But what’s behind those items is where the true complexity lies. It’s not enough to have content to publish; a site needs a publishing workflow that matches the available amount of expendable effort a client has. There’s so much smart, targeted automation that a site can have, but it needs to be thought through thoroughly well before you start building things to be most efficient.
I liken it to the biggest issue I have with theme demos and static comps: the imagery. These design artifacts always have beautiful, high-res, huge images or ample video assets to fill a full video gallery and so on. It looks great and a client can get really excited about that but, without the manpower and resources to back that up from scratch, the outcome will likely fall flat.
Features and functionality are where you can truly flex the powers of WordPress. It gets so much of the underlying system right that it looks easy. And the community is there with themes and plugins at the ready to help you extend your site without expending coding time (in theory). But it’s not as easy as it looks, folks, to go from a basic install to something user-usable on both the front- and back-ends.
WordPress is a huge draw and (rightfully) carries an air of accessible simplicity. So the next time someone asks you what a plain, ordinary, no frills, simple, straightforward, non-gussied up, bare bones, vanilla, basic, run-of-the-mill, average, white-bread, workaday, out-of-the-box WordPress site would cost, start with “it depends” and build on its solid foundation to go from initial expectation to intelligent execution.


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| Book of Mormon |
Annotations |
|
Chapter 2
|
|
|
1 And it came to pass in the commencement of the fifth
year of their reign there began to be a contention among the people; for a
certain man, being called Amlici, he being a very cunning man, yea, a wise
man as to the wisdom of the world, he being after the order of the man that
slew Gideon by the sword, who was executed according to the law—
|
The only pre-Columbian weapon I can find that was similar
to a sword was the macuahuitl which was made with a plank of wood similar in
shape to a cricket bat with obsidian blades mounted on the edges. It is
similar enough to a sword that it is often referred to as the Aztec sword.
However, the macuahuitl does not seem to fit the Book of
Mormon time frame. “Some groups of Central Mexico, principally in the
transition between the Early and the Late Post-Classic, probably
developed this weapon” (emphasis added, Dr. Marco Antonio Cervera Obregón,
“The macuahuitl: an innovative weapon of the Late Post-Classic in
Mesoamerica”, Arms & Armour, Vol.3, Nov. 2, 2006, p. 146, article from a research journal).
The Post-Classic period is between 900 CE and the Spanish conquest.
|
|
2 Now this Amlici had, by his cunning, drawn away much
people after him; even so much that they began to be very powerful; and they
began to endeavor to establish Amlici to be a king over the people.
|
|
|
3 Now this was alarming to the people of the church, and
also to all those who had not been drawn away after the persuasions of
Amlici; for they knew that according to their law that such things must be
established by the voice of the people.
|
|
|
4 Therefore, if it were possible that Amlici should gain
the voice of the people, he, being a wicked man, would deprive them of their
rights and privileges of the church; for it was his intent to destroy the
church of God.
|
|
|
5 And it came to pass that the people assembled themselves
together throughout all the land, every man according to his mind, whether it
were for or against Amlici, in separate bodies, having much dispute and
wonderful contentions one with another.
|
|
|
6 And thus they did assemble themselves together to cast
in their voices concerning the matter; and they were laid before the judges.
|
|
|
7 And it came to pass that the voice of the people came
against Amlici, that he was not made king over the people.
|
|
|
8 Now this did cause much joy in the hearts of those who
were against him; but Amlici did stir up those who were in his favor to anger
against those who were not in his favor.
|
|
|
9 And it came to pass that they gathered themselves
together, and did consecrate Amlici to be their king.
|
|
|
10 Now when Amlici was made king over them he commanded
them that they should take up arms against their brethren; and this he did
that he might subject them to him.
|
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|
11 Now the people of Amlici were distinguished by the name
of Amlici, being called Amlicites; and the remainder were called Nephites, or
the people of God.
|
|
|
12 Therefore the people of the Nephites were aware of the
intent of the Amlicites, and therefore they did prepare to meet them; yea,
they did arm themselves with swords, and with cimeters, and with bows,
and with arrows, and with stones, and with slings, and with all manner of
weapons of war, of every kind.
|
The only pre-Columbian weapon I can find that was similar
to a sword was the macuahuitl which was made with a plank of wood similar in
shape to a cricket bat with obsidian blades mounted on the edges. It is similar
enough to a sword that it is often referred to as the Aztec sword.
However, the macuahuitl does not seem to fit the Book of
Mormon time frame. “Some groups of Central Mexico, principally in the
transition between the Early and the Late Post-Classic, probably
developed this weapon” (emphasis added, Dr. Marco Antonio Cervera Obregón,
“The macuahuitl: an innovative weapon of the Late Post-Classic in
Mesoamerica”, Arms & Armour, Vol.3, Nov. 2, 2006, p. 146, article from a research journal).
The Post-Classic period is between 900 CE and the Spanish conquest.
|
|
13 And thus they were prepared to meet the Amlicites at
the time of their coming. And there were appointed captains, and higher
captains, and chief captains, according to their numbers.
|
|
|
14 And it came to pass that Amlici did arm his men with
all manner of weapons of war of every kind; and he also appointed rulers and
leaders over his people, to lead them to war against their brethren.
|
|
|
15 And it came to pass that the Amlicites came upon the
hill Amnihu, which was east of the river Sidon, which ran by the land of
Zarahemla, and there they began to make war with the Nephites.
|
|
|
16 Now Alma, being the chief judge and the governor of the
people of Nephi, therefore he went up with his people, yea, with his
captains, and chief captains, yea, at the head of his armies, against the
Amlicites to battle.
|
|
|
17 And they began to slay the Amlicites upon the hill east
of Sidon. And the Amlicites did contend with the Nephites with great
strength, insomuch that many of the Nephites did fall before the Amlicites.
|
|
|
18 Nevertheless the Lord did strengthen the hand of the
Nephites, that they slew the Amlicites with great slaughter, that they began
to flee before them.
|
|
|
19 And it came to pass that the Nephites did pursue the
Amlicites all that day, and did slay them with much slaughter, insomuch that
there were slain of the Amlicites twelve thousand five hundred thirty and two
souls; and there were slain of the Nephites six thousand five hundred sixty
and two souls.
|
|
|
20 And it came to pass that when Alma could pursue the
Amlicites no longer he caused that his people should pitch their tents in the
valley of Gideon, the valley being called after that Gideon who was slain by
the hand of Nehor with the sword; and in this valley the Nephites did
pitch their tents for the night.
|
The only pre-Columbian weapon I can find that was similar
to a sword was the macuahuitl which was made with a plank of wood similar in
shape to a cricket bat with obsidian blades mounted on the edges. It is
similar enough to a sword that it is often referred to as the Aztec sword.
However, the macuahuitl does not seem to fit the Book of
Mormon time frame. “Some groups of Central Mexico, principally in the
transition between the Early and the Late Post-Classic, probably
developed this weapon” (emphasis added, Dr. Marco Antonio Cervera Obregón,
“The macuahuitl: an innovative weapon of the Late Post-Classic in
Mesoamerica”, Arms & Armour, Vol.3, Nov. 2, 2006, p. 146, article from a research journal).
The Post-Classic period is between 900 CE and the Spanish conquest.
|
|
21 And Alma sent spies to follow the remnant of the
Amlicites, that he might know of their plans and their plots, whereby he
might guard himself against them, that he might preserve his people from
being destroyed.
|
|
|
22 Now those whom he had sent out to watch the camp of the
Amlicites were called Zeram, and Amnor, and Manti, and Limher; these were
they who went out with their men to watch the camp of the Amlicites.
|
|
|
23 And it came to pass that on the morrow they returned
into the camp of the Nephites in great haste, being greatly astonished, and
struck with much fear, saying:
|
|
|
24 Behold, we followed the camp of the Amlicites, and to
our great astonishment, in the land of Minon, above the land of Zarahemla, in
the course of the land of Nephi, we saw a numerous host of the Lamanites; and
behold, the Amlicites have joined them;
|
|
|
25 And they are upon our brethren in that land; and they
are fleeing before them with their flocks, and their wives, and their
children, towards our city; and except we make haste they obtain possession
of our city, and our fathers, and our wives, and our children be slain.
|
|
|
26 And it came to pass that the people of Nephi took their
tents, and departed out of the valley of Gideon towards their city, which was
the city of Zarahemla.
|
|
|
27 And behold, as they were crossing the river Sidon, the
Lamanites and the Amlicites, being as numerous almost, as it were, as the
sands of the sea, came upon them to destroy them.
|
|
|
28 Nevertheless, the Nephites being strengthened by the
hand of the Lord, having prayed mightily to him that he would deliver them
out of the hands of their enemies, therefore the Lord did hear their cries,
and did strengthen them, and the Lamanites and the Amlicites did fall before
them.
|
|
|
29 And it came to pass that Alma fought with Amlici with
the sword, face to face; and they did contend mightily, one with
another.
|
Alma 2:29-32
Consider the odds of this.
Alma was not only the chief judge and governor of the Nephite nation (Alma
2:16) and high priest of the Church (Mosiah 29:42), it also seems he was a
capable warrior.
Add to this the unlikely event that the leaders of these two factions within
the Nephites (Amlicites and the rest of the Nephites) would actually do
one-on-one battle with one another. Consider the size of these armies - the
previous day there were 12,532 Amlicites killed in battle and 6,562 Nephites
killed in battle (Alma 2:19). These extensive fatalities indicate armies of
even more massive numbers, yet these top leaders of each faction end up doing
direct, one-on-one battle with each other.
Then, when Alma has killed Amlici, he goes on to actually battle directly,
one-on-one with the King of the Lamanites (Alma 2:32).
Also, notice the use of the word “sword” in verses 29 and
31. The only pre-Columbian weapon I can find that was similar to a sword was
the macuahuitl which was made with a plank of wood similar in shape to a
cricket bat with obsidian blades mounted on the edges. It is similar enough
to a sword that it is often referred to as the Aztec sword.
However, the macuahuitl does not seem to fit the Book of
Mormon time frame. “Some groups of Central Mexico, principally in the
transition between the Early and the Late Post-Classic, probably
developed this weapon” (emphasis added, Dr. Marco Antonio Cervera Obregón,
“The macuahuitl: an innovative weapon of the Late Post-Classic in
Mesoamerica”, Arms & Armour, Vol.3, Nov. 2, 2006, p. 146, article from a research journal).
The Post-Classic period is between 900 CE and the Spanish conquest.
|
|
30 And it came to pass that Alma, being a man of God,
being exercised with much faith, cried, saying: O Lord, have mercy and spare
my life, that I may be an instrument in thy hands to save and preserve this
people.
|
Annotation for Alma 2:29-32 above
|
|
31 Now when Alma had said these words he contended again
with Amlici; and he was strengthened, insomuch that he slew Amlici with the sword.
|
Annotation for Alma 2:29-32 above
|
|
32 And he also contended with the king of the Lamanites;
but the king of the Lamanites fled back from before Alma and sent his guards
to contend with Alma.
|
Annotation for Alma 2:29-32 above
|
|
33 But Alma, with his guards, contended with the guards of
the king of the Lamanites until he slew and drove them back.
|
|
|
34 And thus he cleared the ground, or rather the bank,
which was on the west of the river Sidon, throwing the bodies of the
Lamanites who had been slain into the waters of Sidon, that thereby his
people might have room to cross and contend with the Lamanites and the
Amlicites on the west side of the river Sidon.
|
|
|
35 And it came to pass that when they had all crossed the
river Sidon that the Lamanites and the Amlicites began to flee before them,
notwithstanding they were so numerous that they could not be numbered.
|
|
|
36 And they fled before the Nephites towards the wilderness
which was west and north, away beyond the borders of the land; and the
Nephites did pursue them with their might, and did slay them.
|
|
|
37 Yea, they were met on every hand, and slain and driven,
until they were scattered on the west, and on the north, until they had
reached the wilderness, which was called Hermounts; and it was that part of
the wilderness which was infested by wild and ravenous beasts.
|
|
|
38 And it came to pass that many died in the wilderness of
their wounds, and were devoured by those beasts and also the vultures of the
air; and their bones have been found, and have been heaped up on the earth.
|
|


Heads
-
Dr. Kasun de Zoysa
BSc(Col), PhLic(Stockholm), PhD(Stockholm)(Senior Lecturer Gr. I)
Contact Me: kasun[at]ucsc.cmb.ac.lk
Google Scholar
-
Dr. Chamath Keppitiyagama
BSc(Col), MSc(British Columbia), PhD (British Columbia)(Senior Lecturer Gr. I)
Contact Me: chamath[at]ucsc.cmb.ac.lk
Google Scholar
Researchers
-
Dr. Manjusri Wickramasinghe
B.Sc (UCSC), Ph.D(Monash)(Lecturer)
Contact Me: mie[at]ucsc.cmb.ac.lk
-
Dr. Kasun Gunawardana
B.Sc (UCSC), Ph.D(Monash)(Senior Lecturer)
Contact Me: kgg[at]ucsc.cmb.ac.lk
Google Scholar
-
Prabhash Kumarasinghe
B.Sc (UCSC), Ph.D(NTU)(Lecturer)
Contact Me: jpk[at]ucsc.cmb.ac.lk
-
Chathura Suduwella
BSc Joint Major
Contact Me: cps[at]ucsc.cmb.ac.lk
Google Scholar
-
Charith Elvitigala
BSc in Computer Science (UCSC)
Contact Me: cme[at]ucsc.cmb.ac.lk
-
Namal Jayasuriya
BSc in Computer Science (UCSC)
Contact Me: nmj[at]ucsc.cmb.ac.lk
Google Scholar
-
Akarshani Amarasinghe
BSc in Computer Science (UCSC)
Contact Me: akarshani[at]scorelab.org
Google Scholar
Alumni
-
Dinuni Fernando
BSc in Computer Science (Graduate Research Assistant, PhD Student)
Google Scholar
-
Dr. Darshana Lakmal Weerawarne
BSc (Col), MS (SUNY Binghamton), PhD (SUNY Binghamton) (Postdoctoral Fellow at Center for Advanced Microelectronics Manufacturing (CAMM), Binghamton University)
Google Scholar
-
Asanka Sayakkara
BSc in Computer Science (UCSC)(Lecturer), Ph.D. Student (University College Dublin (UCD), Ireland)
Google Scholar
-
Yasantha Hettiarachchi
BSc in Computer Science (Senior Software Developer)
-
Vijitha Ekanayake
Bachelors (Senior Software Engineer)
-
Tharindu Nanayakkara
B.Sc. (hons.) in CS (UCSC), B.Sc. (spec.) (hons.) in IT (SLIIT) (Consultant - Cloud Solutions)
-
Sumali Jayasinghe
Bachelor of Computer Science (Senior Software Engineer)
-
Primal Wijesekara
Security Researcher, Computer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley (PhD student)
Google Scholar
-
Poshitha Dabare
BSc Computational Physics (Scientific Officer)
Google Scholar
-
Manula Waidyanatha
BSc in Computer Science (Associate Lead Systems Engineer)
-
Mahendra Laxaman
B.Sc (Hons) (Senior Technical Consultant - MillenniumIT Software Pvt. Ltd.)
-
Kenneth Thilakarathna
BIT(Col), MPhil (Col) (Technical Consultant - MillenniumIT Software Pvt. Ltd.)
-
Kasun Perera
MSc in Computing and Information Science (Reseach Assistant at Singapore University of Technology and Design)
Google Scholar
-
Girisha Durrel De Silva
BSc in Computer Science (PhD Student)
Google Scholar
-
Eranga Bandara
MSc in Computer Science (Lead Engineer - Pagero AB)
-
Chamika Hasanthi
Bachelor of Information and Communication Technology (Software Engineer)
-
Buddhika Priyasad Sembukutti Liyanage
BSc in Mathematics, MS in Mathematics (PhD Student)
-
Yasith Lokuge
Computer Science (UCSC) (Software Engineer)


Recently life has been more negative than positive, with many old wounds being reopened and a lot of personal work taking precedence over school and career. The specifics of these things are unimportant, but can be summed up with the word 'anxiety.' I have been on a number of antidepressants, including Celexa, Paxil, Effexor, and Wellbutrin, but currently I am off all of these.
Yesterday I was bored, but in a good enough mood. I had ordered some Syrian Rue long ago, but had never really tried it out. I have read quite a bit about the stuff, and I was somewhat worried about what it would do to me if I was not careful, but as I had not had much to eat during the day, I felt I would be okay experimenting with a low dose.
So I took about 3 grams of the seeds and ground them up in a coffee grinder. The resulting brown-red dust and seedbits were then gathered in rough thirds. I took one of these piles and put it into a glass of orange juice, and stirred the mixture with a spoon. I then drank down the mixture, trying to swallow most of the thicker bits. I then went about with some stretching and walked around the house.
A little while later, I noticed myself staring at things for quite a bit longer than usual. I also felt a fair bit of indecision, but it was not uncomfortable. I talked to my brother, and things seemed to go as normal. Looking in the mirror, I looked very normal. However, at this point I had a sense that things were more 'okay' than usual, and that they might be more 'real' than usual. I do not know if these are mere placebo effects, but they may be, as they were quite subtle, and I do not think I have read of harmala having this effect on others.
Anyway, a little while later, I decided to take in another orange juice mixture, and did so. The results were similar to the first try, and I ended up going to a neighborhood hangout down the street.
The warm, moist weather was nice, and I took great satisfaction from watching the people on the streets. When I arrived at my destination, I found some old friends and talked to them. Also there were some folks who I am usually quite annoyed with, but in the state of mind I found myself in, I was far more patient than usual. I found it very pleasant to just be silent and listen to people. Admittedly, I am a sort of quiet person most of the time, but that aspect of myself seemed to be very much enhanced.
I ended up heading home at around midnight, still feeling quite pleased, quite calm, but certainly not euphoric. I felt then that this was what I had wished antidepressants to be like in the past. A detachment that is subtle, so that I do not become someone else or become unfeeling, but yet is powerful enough that I do not get enslaved to minor anxieties. Of course, as I have said, this might have been a placebo effect, and beyond that, the antidepressants I took in the past may have done such a thing in their early days. But what I remember of them was a coldness, a limiting of affect to a narrow range, and a great discomfort with who I was as a result of said limiting. I realize that many are helped by antidepressants - I think I was one of them, at one time. I just disagree with the 'life sentence' approach doctors seem to take with them.
Speaking of which, I feel that Syrian Rue, though it gave me a good experience would be too risky to take all the time. An MAOI has too many dietary restrictions, and possible interactions with other drugs. But to refresh myself, get a new perspective - it seemed to do this job well, and I do not believe I will have to do it very often to keep myself from Churchill's 'black dog'.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Cloud Asset V1 API - Class ListAssetsRequest (2.9.0)
public sealed class ListAssetsRequest : IMessage<ListAssetsRequest>, IEquatable<ListAssetsRequest>, IDeepCloneable<ListAssetsRequest>, IBufferMessage, IMessage, IPageRequest
Reference documentation and code samples for the Cloud Asset V1 API class ListAssetsRequest.
ListAssets request.
Inheritance
System.Object > ListAssetsRequestImplements
Google.Protobuf.IMessage<ListAssetsRequest>, System.IEquatable<ListAssetsRequest>, Google.Protobuf.IDeepCloneable<ListAssetsRequest>, Google.Protobuf.IBufferMessage, Google.Protobuf.IMessage, Google.Api.Gax.Grpc.IPageRequestNamespace
Google.Cloud.Asset.V1Assembly
Google.Cloud.Asset.V1.dll
Constructors
ListAssetsRequest()
public ListAssetsRequest()
ListAssetsRequest(ListAssetsRequest)
public ListAssetsRequest(ListAssetsRequest other)
| Name | Description |
| other | ListAssetsRequest |
Properties
AssetTypes
public RepeatedField<string> AssetTypes { get; }
A list of asset types to take a snapshot for. For example: "compute.googleapis.com/Disk".
Regular expression is also supported. For example:
- "compute.googleapis.com.*" snapshots resources whose asset type starts with "compute.googleapis.com".
- ".*Instance" snapshots resources whose asset type ends with "Instance".
- ".Instance." snapshots resources whose asset type contains "Instance".
See RE2 for all supported regular expression syntax. If the regular expression does not match any supported asset type, an INVALID_ARGUMENT error will be returned.
If specified, only matching assets will be returned, otherwise, it will snapshot all asset types. See Introduction to Cloud Asset Inventory for all supported asset types.
| Type | Description |
| Google.Protobuf.Collections.RepeatedField<System.String> |
ContentType
public ContentType ContentType { get; set; }
Asset content type. If not specified, no content but the asset name will be returned.
| Type | Description |
| ContentType |
PageSize
public int PageSize { get; set; }
The maximum number of assets to be returned in a single response. Default is 100, minimum is 1, and maximum is 1000.
| Type | Description |
| System.Int32 |
PageToken
public string PageToken { get; set; }
The next_page_token
returned from the previous ListAssetsResponse
, or
unspecified for the first ListAssetsRequest
. It is a continuation of a
prior ListAssets
call, and the API should return the next page of assets.
| Type | Description |
| System.String |
Parent
public string Parent { get; set; }
Required. Name of the organization or project the assets belong to. Format: "organizations/[organization-number]" (such as "organizations/123"), "projects/[project-id]" (such as "projects/my-project-id"), or "projects/[project-number]" (such as "projects/12345").
| Type | Description |
| System.String |
ParentAsResourceName
public IResourceName ParentAsResourceName { get; set; }
Google.Api.Gax.IResourceName-typed view over the Parent resource name property.
| Type | Description |
| Google.Api.Gax.IResourceName |
ReadTime
public Timestamp ReadTime { get; set; }
Timestamp to take an asset snapshot. This can only be set to a timestamp between the current time and the current time minus 35 days (inclusive). If not specified, the current time will be used. Due to delays in resource data collection and indexing, there is a volatile window during which running the same query may get different results.
| Type | Description |
| Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes.Timestamp |


module RubyProf
These methods are deprecated and are available for backwards compatability.
Constants
- VERSION
Public Class Methods
Returns the threads that ruby-prof should exclude from profiling
# File lib/ruby-prof/compatibility.rb 32 def self.exclude_threads 33 @exclude_threads ||= Array.new 34 end
Specifies which threads ruby-prof should exclude from profiling
# File lib/ruby-prof/compatibility.rb 37 def self.exclude_threads=(value) 38 @exclude_threads = value 39 end
Returns what ruby-prof is measuring. Valid values include:
-
RubyProf::WALL_TIME
-
RubyProf::PROCESS_TIME
-
RubyProf::ALLOCATIONS
-
RubyProf::MEMORY
# File lib/ruby-prof/compatibility.rb 14 def self.measure_mode 15 @measure_mode ||= RubyProf::WALL_TIME 16 end
Specifies what ruby-prof should measure. Valid values include:
-
RubyProf::WALL_TIME - Wall time measures the real-world time elapsed between any two moments. If there are other processes concurrently running on the system that use significant CPU or disk time during a profiling run then the reported results will be larger than expected. On Windows, wall time is measured using GetTickCount(), on MacOS by mach_absolute_time, on Linux by clock_gettime and otherwise by gettimeofday.
-
RubyProf::PROCESS_TIME - Process time measures the time used by a process between any two moments. It is unaffected by other processes concurrently running on the system. Remember with process time that calls to methods like sleep will not be included in profiling results. On Windows, process time is measured using GetProcessTimes and on other platforms by clock_gettime.
-
RubyProf::ALLOCATIONS - Object allocations measures show how many objects each method in a program allocates. Measurements are done via Ruby’s GC.stat api.
-
RubyProf::MEMORY - Memory measures how much memory each method in a program uses. Measurements are done via Ruby’s TracePoint api.
# File lib/ruby-prof/compatibility.rb 27 def self.measure_mode=(value) 28 @measure_mode = value 29 end
Pauses profiling
# File lib/ruby-prof/compatibility.rb 49 def self.pause 50 ensure_running! 51 @profile.pause 52 end
Profiles a block
# File lib/ruby-prof/compatibility.rb 78 def self.profile(options = {}, &block) 79 ensure_not_running! 80 options = {:measure_mode => measure_mode, :exclude_threads => exclude_threads }.merge!(options) 81 Profile.profile(options, &block) 82 end
Resume profiling
# File lib/ruby-prof/compatibility.rb 64 def self.resume 65 ensure_running! 66 @profile.resume 67 end
Is a profile running?
# File lib/ruby-prof/compatibility.rb 55 def self.running? 56 if defined?(@profile) and @profile 57 @profile.running? 58 else 59 false 60 end 61 end
Starts profiling
# File lib/ruby-prof/compatibility.rb 42 def self.start 43 ensure_not_running! 44 @profile = Profile.new(:measure_mode => measure_mode, :exclude_threads => exclude_threads) 45 @profile.start 46 end
Stops profiling
# File lib/ruby-prof/compatibility.rb 70 def self.stop 71 ensure_running! 72 result = @profile.stop 73 @profile = nil 74 result 75 end


---
sort_order: 73
tei_id: rdx_b5j2m.p.idm54284992
annotation_count: 0
images:
small-thumbnail: http://readux.library.emory.edu/books/emory:b5j2m/pages/emory:p75t0/mini-thumbnail/
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title: Page 73
number: 73
---
{% raw %}A TERRIBLE TEMPTATION.{% endraw %}
{% raw %}69{% endraw %}
{% raw %}with melancholy yet sweet satisfaction. Two years !{% endraw %}
{% raw %}and then I should be free. Free ! ever my cherished{% endraw %}
{% raw %}hope, though not as I had thought it woidd come.{% endraw %}
{% raw %}As I paced backwards and forwards on the deck,{% endraw %}
{% raw %}during my watch, I revolved in my mind many a{% endraw %}
{% raw %}painful and passionate thought. After all that I had{% endraw %}
{% raw %}done for Isaac and Amos Riley, after all the regard{% endraw %}
{% raw %}they had professed for me, such a return as this for{% endraw %}
{% raw %}my services, such an evidence of their utter disregard{% endraw %}
{% raw %}of my claims upon them, and the intense selfishness{% endraw %}
{% raw %}with which they were ready to sacrifice me, at any{% endraw %}
{% raw %}moment, to their supposed interest, turned my blood{% endraw %}
{% raw %}to gall, and changed me from a lively, and, I will{% endraw %}
{% raw %}say, a pleasant-tempered fellow, into a savage,{% endraw %}
{% raw %}morose, dangerous slave. I was going not at all as{% endraw %}
{% raw %}a lamb to the slaughter ; but I felt myself becoming{% endraw %}
{% raw %}more ferocious every day ; and as we approached the{% endraw %}
{% raw %}place where this iniquity was to be consummated, I{% endraw %}
{% raw %}became more and more agitated with an almost un¬{% endraw %}
{% raw %}controllable fury. I said to myself, " If this is to be{% endraw %}
{% raw %}my lot, I cannot survive it long. I am not so young{% endraw %}
{% raw %}as those whose wretched condition I have but just{% endraw %}
{% raw %}seen, and if it has brought them to such a condition,{% endraw %}
{% raw %}it will soon kill me. I am to be taken to a place and{% endraw %}
{% raw %}a condition where my life is to be shortened, as well{% endraw %}
{% raw %}as made more wretched. Why should I not prevent{% endraw %}
{% raw %}this wrong if I can, by shortening the lives of those{% endraw %}
{% raw %}who intend to accomplish such injustice ? I can do{% endraw %}
{% raw %}the last easily enough. They have no suspicion of{% endraw %}
{% raw %}me, and they are at this moment under my control,{% endraw %}
{% raw %}and in my power. There are many ways in which I{% endraw %}
{% raw %}can dispatch them and escape ; and I feel that I{% endraw %}


Parse environment variables to structs in Go
In Go, it’s dead simple to get the value from an environment variable:
fmt.Println(os.Getenv("HOME"))
But, sometimes you have default values… so you would have to do something like this:
home := os.Getenv("HOME")
if home == "" {
home = "THE DEFAULT HOME"
}
fmt.Println(home)
If you need those values in a lot of places, you would end up creating a function for each one or something like that.
I found this to be extremely boring.
So, I created a small lib that let me do this:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/caarlos0/env"
)
type Config struct {
Home string `env:"HOME"`
Port int `env:"PORT" envDefault:"3000"`
IsProduction bool `env:"PRODUCTION"`
}
func main() {
cfg := Config{}
env.Parse(&cfg)
fmt.Println(cfg)
}


Ever wonder what day you were born? Well, you can find out with this application. You can confirm your day of birth with the corresponding AKAN name. AKAN names are names which correspond to the day in the week which one is born.
Simply type your date of birth details and it will tell you.


|
Table 1
|
Melting process parameters of four kinds of polyethylene. |
|
Table 2
|
Parameter and breakdown strength of polyethylene. |
|
Table 3
|
The slope of the line in different areas of different materi ... |
|
Table 4
|
The corresponding field strength at different turning points ... |
|
Table 5
|
Field strength of the four different density polyethylenes i ... |


Limited LCC distribution to LTC holders!
When
Till announcement about our brand new SVP wallet.
Starting immediately.
How much
Receive 17 free LCC
for every 1 LTC.
Why
We want to enlarge our community and give second chance to those who missed fork block.
How receive free LCC?
LTCLCCNFQWffKRJnxcjYwPrqquc3AwEh7u
Our server will detect this transaction and send you back your LTC,
and also it will send 17X more LCC to your LCC address, "mirrored" to LTC one
("mirrored" LCC address is that have same private key as your LTC address).
Full Details
Start date/time - Already started (if you see this page).
End date/time - When we will announce release of your brand new SPV wallet (also you'll see special twitter message about distribution ends).
1:18 Ratio - For every 1 LTC you send you will receive 1 LTC back and also 17 free LCC.
Processing time - We expect our alpha-smartcontract should process transactions (return your LTC and send free LCC) in less than five minutes, but allow up to 24 hours for manual processing (in case of bugs).
LTC return address - You will receive your LTC back to same address you send it from.
Free LCC address - You will receive free LCC to your LTC-"mirror" address (LCC address for same private key as your "original" LTC address), like LCC Fork scenario.
One-tx-per-address - You can make only one transaction from single LTC address. All subsequent transactions will not receive free LCC (your LTC will be returned to you without any bonus).
Frequently Asked Questions
Just WHY?
We want to enlarge our community. We want give second chance to ones who missed Fork Date.
Why 17 LCC per LTC?
We like this number ;)
Is this safe?
Absolutely. Your private keys stay safe with you, we don't ask them. We can calculate your "mirror" LCC address without your private keys, just from your public LTC address.
Can I send LTC from exchange?
NO! This address belongs to exchange, and exchange can't (in general) deposit returned LTC back to your account. Also, we can't guarantee that exchange will deposit free LCC to your account too.
Can I send LTC directly from Ledger/Trezor/... hardware wallet?
Sure.
Can I send LTC from SegWit-address (starting 3... or M...)?
Yes. Your LTC will be returned to same address. Your free LCC will be sent to LCC SegWit-address too.
What if I send LTC after distribution ends?
You will receive all your LTC back, but your will not receive free LCC.
What if I make several transactions from same LTC address?
All your LTC will be returned to you, but your will receive free LCC only for your first transaction (17X amount of first transaction).
Can I participate if already participated in Fork?
Everyone can participate. No matter participated you (your LTC address) in Fork or not.
Is this site a SCAM?
Right question. You should answer it yourself, but take a look at site committers on GitHub.
What are you waiting for?
We know our brand new SPV wallet release exact date and time. You are not.
 Just send LTC to this special LTC-LCC bridge address:
LTCLCCNFQWffKRJnxcjYwPrqquc3AwEh7u