PROJECT
A sound installation exploring anarchic communication to create an amazing and bizarre communicating experience
TEAM
Holly, Yi HAO         Lana, Liyi DAI
    Dustin STUPP         Kelly, Yuan TIAN
ROLE
Part of creator
Part of Structure Designer
Main progammer
Inspiration is the acient game that two people hold the can at two spots and only a string connect the two cans, one speaks toward his can, another one can hear his voice from can through string. It's amazing as "I know you without seeing you". So we want t create the anarchic communication experience via giving participants most space and freedom.
N.N. (ca. 1889): Tin can telephone. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trådtelefon-illustration.png
In our concept, we need flowers as receiver. To add uncertainty, enjoyment and surprise to product, we choose random flower to playback. So what you hear now maybe is recorded much time ago in thousands meters away!
Below is the state flow of this concept.
· How to make a flower? ·
Occasionally, we know "Dusyma Knüpferli" from a material workshop. Dusyma Knüpferli can be bent and connected so that we can use thousands of same-shape units to create a huge organic shape.
· Make of Dusyma Knüpferli, Arduino, PurrData, APP Inventor ·
To make one flower, we need:
Electric Parts
1 MG996-R Servo
1 Adafruit NeoPixel 12 LED Ring
1 Electret Microphone
1 Android Phone
1 ESP-12N Board
1 Infrared Distance Sensor
Mechanical Parts
3 80x80cm Paper
500 Dusyma Knüpferli
1 40x40cm 3mm Acrylic
9 3mm Diameter Nuts
Various scraps of Acrylic and Elastics
The flower is close and "breathing" when no people near it. When the infrared distance sensor detect people enter the detectable area, arduino will command servo to rotate 90 degree to make the flower open.
· Technical Details ·
All tools we use contain, Arduino, PurrData, APP Inventor, Node.js. We drew "state machine diagram" and "sequence diagram" firstly to make our mindset clear.
State Machine
Sequence Machine
Arduino needs to receive data from sensor and PurrData to chage the flower's status: idle, is recording, is playing. Each status have different changing lights and movement.
Calling Different Functions
PurrData needs to record all flowers and phones status, and communicate with Arduino, APP Inventor and Node.js to switch flowers and phones' status in time.
Flowers States
Playback Assignment
APP Inventor's work is to record sound or playback based on the instruction from PurrData. Actually, we should use i2s record/playback module to do the work. As the tight time and required huge time to adjust the board's clock, we use APP Inventor as substitution.
Recording / Playback
Node.js is used to store the recording file in server.
State Machine
Sequence Machine


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{{blog.blog_content| truncate(100)}}
Written by: {{blog.username}} View more
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This analysis is a placeholder with a sample set. If you want to contribute new analyses for the site, contact Disaster Area on Discord.
- Dream Eater
- Psychic
- Hypnosis / Toxic
- Thunderbolt / Toxic / Explosion
This analysis is a placeholder with a sample set. If you want to contribute new analyses for the site, contact Disaster Area on Discord.
- Hypnosis
- Psychic
- Explosion
- Thunderbolt / Night Shade
This analysis is a placeholder with a sample set. If you want to contribute new analyses for the site, contact Disaster Area on Discord.
Mega Drain, Rest, Hyper Beam
This analysis is a placeholder with a sample set. If you want to contribute new analyses for the site, contact Disaster Area on Discord.
Author: Disaster Area
Publish Date: 5th July 2020


Straight line distances are simple to measure using a ruler or piece of paper, but how do we measure distance along rivers, transport routes or coastlines (route distances)?
You can use a piece of string by laying it along the curved route between the starting and end points. Keeping hold of both points on the string, straighten it out and then measure the length of the route against the line scale or convert it to ground distance by using a calculation.
Another method is to use a pair of dividers to count the number of segments along the route:
Set the dividers to an appropriate width (usually 1 cm, but it really depends on the size of the curves along the route to be measured). Place one point of the pair of dividers on the starting point of the route to be measured and then pivot from point to point of the dividers all along the route. Count each segment as you pivot along the route. Measure the number of segments against the line scale or use a calculation to convert the distance you measured on the map to ground distance.
The straight line distance between Point A and Point B on the river is 5 cm.
The route distance between Point A and Point B on the river is 8 divider segments, i.e. 8 cm.
As with straight line distances, you convert the route measurement to ground distance by using the line scale of the map or the ratio scale if a line scale is not given.


Given 3 words, console.log() the sum of their lengths.
Since quotation marks are used to denote strings, special considerations must be made when using apostrophes and quotes in strings.
Attempting to use an apostrophe in the middle of a single-quoted string, for example, will end the string, and JavaScript will attempt to parse the rest of the intended string as code. The same would apply to attempting to use quotes in a double-quoted string.
var brokenString = 'I'm a broken string';
console.log(brokenString);
"We're safely using an apostrophe in double quotes."
'Then he said, "Hello, World!"';
Downside: it's tough to maintain this consistency throughout a codebase.
Use \' or \"
'We\'re safely using an apostrophe in single quotes.'
"Then he said, \"Hello, World!\"";
"The file located at \"C:\\\\Desktop\\My Documents\\Roster\\names.txt\"
contains the names on the roster."
//"The file located at "C:\\Desktop\My Documents\Roster\names.txt"
//contains the names on the roster."
Escaping special characters
| Code | Character |
|---|---|
| \\ | \ (backslash) |
| \" | '' (double quote) |
| \' | ' (single quote) |
| \n | newline |
| \t | tab |
var sampleStr = "Alan said, \"Peter is learning JavaScript\".";
"The Light of a Candle" by Yosa Buson
"The light of a candle is transferred to another candle—spring twilight."
Each of the characters in a string correspond to an index number, starting with 0
| H | o | w | a | r | e | y | o | u | ? | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
var quote = "Stay awhile and listen!";
console.log(quote[6]);
var bookTitle = 'Brave New world';
console.log("The character at index 4 is '" + bookTitle.charAt(4) + "'");
The character at index 4 is 'e'
Comparing strings and strict equality...returns Boolean
Boolean: This is always one of two words. Either true or false, with no quotations.
“Yes” == “yes”...is FALSE, when you compare strings case matters.
But, 10 == “10”...is TRUE because there is Implicit type coercion
Coercion: noun the practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats.
If you use a data type that JS did not expect, it tries to make sense of the operation rather than report an error.
console.log('1' > 0)
//true
//the string '1' is converted to a number 1
Type coercion can lead to unexpected values in your code (and also cause errors).
console.log( 12 + 34)
console.log('12' + 34)
Facebook post (Udacity)
Using string index, compare the characters in the following quotes. Return a Boolean value of TRUE, then return a Boolean value of FALSE
Create a string that returns the following output:
"Do you know how tall Shaq is?", David asked.
"I couldn't even guess", I responded.
He exclaimed, "He's 7'1"!"
reversing a string:
var word = "word";
var newWord = word.split("").reverse().join("");


We work to ensure children are educated for life through collective efforts.
We work to address the causes of malnutrition with special focus on children below 5 years
Our livelihood interventions enable families to enhance income and provide better for their children.
HAVE SOME QUESTIONS?


BTT
Section: (1)Updated: September 29, 2007
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
btt - analyse block i/o traces produces by blktrace
SYNOPSIS
btt[ -a | --seek-absolute ]
[ -A | --all-data ]
[ -B <output name> | --dump-blocknos=<output name> ]
[ -d <seconds> | --range-delta=<seconds> ]
[ -D <dev;...> | --devices=<dev;...> ]
[ -e <exe,...> | --exes=<exe,...> ]
[ -h | --help ]
[ -i <input name> | --input-file=<input name> ]
[ -I <output name> | --iostat=<output name> ]
[ -l <output name> | --d2c-latencies=<output name> ]
[ -L <freq> | --periodic-latencies=<freq> ]
[ -m <output name> | --seeks-per-second=<output name> ]
[ -M <dev map> | --dev-maps=<dev map>
[ -o <output name> | --output-file=<output name> ]
[ -p <output name> | --per-io-dump=<output name> ]
[ -P <output name> | --per-io-trees=<output name> ]
[ -q <output name> | --q2c-latencies=<output name> ]
[ -Q <output name> | --active-queue-depth=<output name> ]
[ -r | --no-remaps ]
[ -s <output name> | --seeks=<output name> ]
[ -S <interval> | --iostat-interval=<interval> ]
[ -t <sec> | --time-start=<sec> ]
[ -T <sec> | --time-end=<sec> ]
[ -u <output name> | --unplug-hist=<output name> ]
[ -v | --verbose ]
[ -V | --version ]
[ -X | --easy-parse-avgs ]
[ -z <output name> | --q2d-latencies=<output name> ]
DESCRIPTION
btt is a post-processing tool for the block layer IO tracing tool called blktrace(8). As noted in its documentation, blktrace is a block layer IO tracing mechanism which provides detailed information about request queue operations up to user space.
btt will take in binary dump data from blkparse, and analyse the events, producing a series of output from the analysis. It will also build .dat files containing "range data" -- showing things like Q activity (periods of time while Q events are being produced), C activity (likewise for command completions), and etc.
Included with the distribution is a simple 3D plotting utility, bno_plot, which can plot the block numbers btt outputs if the -B option is specified. The display will display each IO generated, with the time (seconds) along the X-axis, the block number (start) along the Y-axis and the number of blocks transferred in the IO represented along the Z-axis.
OPTIONS
-a
--seek-absolute
- When specified on the command line, this directs btt to calculate seek distances based solely upon the ending block address of one IO, and the start of the next. By default btt uses the concept of the closeness to either the beginning or end of the previous IO. See the Users Manual for more details about seek distances.
-A
--all-data
- Normally btt will not print out verbose information concerning per-process and per-device data. If you desire that level of detail you can specify this option.
-B <output name>
--dump-blocknos=<output name>
-
This option will output absolute block numbers to three files prefixed
by the specified output name:
- prefix_device_r.dat
-
- All read block numbers are output, first column is time (seconds), second is the block number, and the third column is the ending block number.
- prefix_device_w.dat
-
- All write block numbers are output, first column is time (seconds), second is the block number, and the third column is the ending block number.
- prefix_device_c.dat
-
- All block numbers (read and write) are output, first column is time (seconds), second is the block number, and the third column is the ending block number.
-d <seconds>
--range-delta=<seconds>
- btt outputs a file containing Q and C activity, the notion of active traces simply means that there are Q or C traces occurring within a certain period of each other. The default values is 0.1 seconds; with this option allowing one to change that granularity. The smaller the value, the more data points provided.
-D <dev;...>
--devices=<dev;...>
- Normally, btt will produce data for all devices detected in the traces parsed. With this option, one can reduce the analysis to one or more devices provided in the string passed to this option. The device identifiers are the major and minor number of each device, and each device identifier is separated by a colon (:). A valid specifier for devices 8,0 and 8,8 would then be: 8,0:8,8.
-e <exe,...>
--exes=<exe,...>
- The -e option supplies the list of executables that will have I/Os analysed.
-h
--help
- Shows a short summary of possible command line option
-i <input name>
--input-file <input file>
- Specifies the input file to analyse. This should be a trace file produced by blktrace (8).
-I <output name>
--iostat=<output name>
- The -I option directs btt to output iostat-like data to the specified file. Refer to the iostat (sysstat) documentation for details on the data columns.
-l <output name>
--d2c-latencies=<output name>
- The -l option allows one to output per-IO D2C latencies respectively. The supplied argument provides the basis for the output name for each device.
-L <freq>
--periodic-latencies=<freq>
- The -L option allows one to output periodic latency information for both Q2C and D2C latencies. The frequency specified will regulate how often an average latency is output -- a floating point value expressing seconds.
-m <output name>
--seeks-per-second=<output name>
- Trigger btt to output seeks-per-second information. The first column will contain a time value (seconds), and the second column will indicate the number of seeks per second at that point.
-M <dev map>
--dev-maps=<dev map>
- The -M option takes in a file generated by the provided script (gen_disk_info.py), and allows for better output of device names.
-o <output name>
--output-file=<output name>
- Specifies the output file name.
-p <output name>
--per-io-dump=<output name>
- The -p option will generate a file that contains a list of all IO "sequences" - showing the parts of each IO (Q, A, I/M, D, & C).
-P <output name>
--per-io-trees=<output name>
- The -P option will generate a file that contains a list of all IO "sequences" - showing only the Q, D & C operation times. The D & C time values are separated from the Q time values with a vertical bar.
-q <output name>
--q2c-latencies=<output name>
- The -q option allows one to output per-IO Q2C latencies respectively. The supplied argument provides the basis for the output name for each device.
-Q <output name>
--active-queue-depth=<output name>
- The -Q option allows one to output data files showing the time stamp and the depth of active commands (those issued but not completed).
-r
--no-remaps
- Ignore remap traces; older kernels did not implement the full remap PDU.
-s <output name>
--seeks=<output name>
- The -s option instructs btt to output seek data, the argument provided is the basis for file names output. There are two files per device, read seeks and write seeks.
-S <interval>
--iostat-interval=<interval>
- The -S option specifies the interval to use between data output, it defaults to once per second.
-t <sec>
--time-start=<sec>
-T <sec>
--time-end=<sec>
- The -t/-T options allow one to set a start and/or end time for analysing - analysing will only be done for traces after -t's argument and before -T's argument. (-t and -T are optional, so if you specify just -t, analysis will occur for all traces after the time specified. Similarly, if only -T is specified, analysis stops after -T's seconds.)
-u <output name>
--unplug-hist=<output name>
-
This option instructs btt to generate a data file containing histogram
information for unplug traces on a per device basis. It shows how many
times an unplug was hit with a specified number of IOs released. There are 21
output values into the file, as follows:
-
a value of 0 represents 0..4 counts
a value of 1 represents 5..9 counts
a value of 2 represents 10..14 counts
etc, until
a value of 20 represents 100+ counts
The file name(s) generated use the text string passed as an argument for the prefix, followed by the device identifier in major,minor form, with a .dat extension. For example, with -u up_hist specified on the command line: up_hist_008,032.dat.
-
a value of 0 represents 0..4 counts
-V
--version
- Shows the version of btt.
-v
--verbose
- Requests a more verbose output.
-X
--easy-parse-avgs
- Provide data in an easy-to-parse form and write it to a file with .avg exentsion
-z <output name>
--q2d-latencies=<output name>
- The -z option allows one to output per-IO Q2D latencies respectively. The supplied argument provides the basis for the output name for each device.
AUTHORS
btt was written by Alan D. Brunelle. This man page was created from the blktrace documentation by Bas Zoetekouw.
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Copyright © 2006 Jens Axboe, Alan D. Brunelle and Nathan Scott.This is free software. You may redistribute copies of it under the terms of the GNU General Public License <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
This manual page was created for Debian by Bas Zoetekouw. It was derived from the documentation provided by the authors and it may be used, distributed and modified under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
On Debian systems, the text of the GNU General Public License can be found in /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL-2.
SEE ALSO
The btt Users Guide, which can be found in /usr/share/doc/blktrace/btt.pdfbno_plot (1), blktrace (8), blkparse (1), verify_blkparse (1), blkrawverify (1), btt (1)
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:29:02 GMT, December 24, 2015


An extraordinary breach emerges between President-elect Trump and the national security establishment, with Mr. Trump mocking American intelligence assessments that Russia interfered in the election on his behalf, and top Republicans vowing investigations into Kremlin activities.
Source: New York Times


Copyright (c) Pedro Sena 1994
FILM TITLE: HEART OF DARKNESS DIRECTOR: NICHOLAS ROEG COUNTRY: USA 1993 CINEMATOGRAPHY: ANTHONY B. RICHMOND MUSIC: STANLEY MYERS CAST: Tim Roth(Marlowe), John Malkovich(Kurtz), James Fox(Gosse), Isaac de Bankole(Mannum), Morten Faldaas(HArlequin), Imman (The Black Beauty) SCREENPLAY BY: Benedict Fitzgerald, from Joseph Conrad's novella. SUPER FEATURES: The story, and the right man to film it.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
It's been a long while since Nicholas Roeg has done a film that suits his ability.... that is, a film that is psychological, that is complicated, that is hard to define, something that his work has not shown since the days of PERFORMANCE, WALKABOUT, THE MAN WHO FELL TO EARTH, and to some extent INSIGNIFICANCE. This QUALITY adaptation of Joseph Conrad's novella stands out as the directors finest piece in several years, and shows that he is (still) quite a capable director.
HEART OF DARKNESS has been a well read story. It also has been adapted in many forms to the screen, the most famous of which is APPOCALYPSE NOW, by Frank Ford Coppola. But none of these adaptations, had ever been faithful and close to the novella as this one has been. The story is in Africa where the jungle was once considered a living hell, where the white man could not survive the various diseases and the indigenous black people's. As such, these jungle hells, were at one time considered the part of the earth that associated with the horrors of man's mind, which had to be conquered, and delivered from evil. In the 60's, this kind of thought was taken to Vietnam. Today, it may be Bosnia, and the former Yugoslav republics. Tomorrow it will be somewhere else, like South Africa. But 100 years ago, Africa had it all.
And amidst the colonials that are out to make a fortune on ivory by killing the elephant population, is a group that has mingled with the indigenous cultures for various reasons. Some for greed, some because they got stranded, and some for spiritual reasons. The story of the Commander Kurtz, is one of a spiritual evolution, and one that leaves behind its mark. It is a dedicated attack on the mind of everything that the industrial revolution has become.... a symbiotic evil, where anything is killed in the name of progress, and greed. The English had become the symbol of this type of people. Their ruthlessness for adventure, in the search for riches, took them to every corner on the face of the earth. And in every corner, there is a Kurtz, waiting to tell you his story...... have we listened for the past 100 years...???? likely not... we still rape, plunder, and plunge ahead, thinking our idealism is the law of the land, and the mercy of the weak. But the horrors will plague us as long as this happens.... the horrors, repeats Kurtz, as he is dying.
The film has many of the bits and pieces which helped the story and defined the Coppola film. The fears which turn the characters into scared men, the jungle diseases at the time, and of course, the enemy that stalks their victims at every turn. The enemy always knows what is going on when we don't. The enemy is powerful and we are weak. And Nicholas Roeg uses this, with close, tight angles of camera work, to help define the novel even better... at every turn there is something which can be seen, but can not be defined. And to those who are fearful, this can be a deadly thing. To those who have purpose and courage, this is a challenge for life....... but as the novel tells us so well, a challenge of what....????
Outstanding set of performances, specially Tim Roth as Marlowe, the adventurous captain, and John Malkovich as Kurtz. The film was done in the jungle'd places of Belize, and is nicely done. It was originally done for television, and later released on video. It is a very well done, and faithful adaptation, of a master novelist, whose work still is of importance today, still quite visible as the decaying industrial society still rapes and plunders.
4 GIBLOONS Member of the Internet Movie Critics Association
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Polar Explorer
问题描述 :
However, you have recently received a distress call from an alien ship which has crash-landed somewhere on the surface of your planet. Unfortunately, you designed your own equipment, and the only information it will give you is an angle (measured from the center of the planet) separating you from the crash site.
Using this information along with how much gasoline is available for your planet-rover (which gets a measley 5 miles per gallon), you have to determine if you can possibly get to the crash site and back without running out of fuel.
输入:
A single data set has 3 components:
Start line – A single line, “START”.
Input line – A single line, “X Y Z”, where:
X : (1 <= X <= 100) is the radius of your planet in integer miles
Y : (0 <= Y <= 100) is the amount of gasoline in your planet-rover in integer gallons
Z : (0 <= Z <= 360) is an angle separating you from the crash site in integer degrees
End line – A single line, “END”.
Following the final data set will be a single line, “ENDOFINPUT”.
Take note of the following:
The circumference of a circle in terms of its radius, r, is known to be 2πr
Assume that π = 3.14159
输出:
样例输入:
START 1 100 0 END START 10 0 1 END START 100 50 90 END START 100 50 270 END ENDOFINPUT
样例输出:
YES 100 NO 0 NO 250 NO 250
解题代码:
//* @author popop0p0popo import java.util.*; import java.io.*; public class Main{ public static void main(String[] args){ Scanner scanner=new Scanner(new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in))); String s1; int r,g,w; while (true){ s1=scanner.next(); if (s1.equals("ENDOFINPUT")){ break; } r=scanner.nextInt(); g=scanner.nextInt(); w=scanner.nextInt()%360; if (w>180){ w=360-w; } int m1=g*5; int m2=(int)Math.ceil(Math.PI*4*r*w/360); if (m1< m2){ System.out.println("NO "+m1); } else{ System.out.println("YES "+(m1-m2)/5); } scanner.next(); } } }
为什么暴力求解方法循环到sqrt(n) 就可以了呢
3，求得所有的为的总和sum—->所有数的总和
printf( "Not Possible" );—->printf("impossible");
对吗？
老实说，这种方法就是穷举，复杂度是2^n，之所以能够AC是应为题目的测试数据有问题，要么数据量很小，要么能够得到k == t，否则即使n = 30，也要很久才能得出结果，本人亲测
太好了，收藏
很赞的解答
原来欧几里德定理应用这么多
有的，已更新
分析的很详细！赞一个
helpful！！ mark
对，还是这种实现比较好理解。虽然效率有点低
看见的晚了，只能提交一次唉
第15行代码，/n/n，应该改为\n\n
swap写成内联函数会不会好一些
printf这个函数在计算的时候是从右到左，打印是从左到右。


DrawImage_Blit ( slot, x, y, src_x, src_y, src_w, src_h)
Draws a portion of an image to the current canvas.
Example:
DrawImage_Blit ( 0, 20, 20, 0, 0, 50, 50 )


Condoms recalled in Uganda over quality concern says Marie Stopes
by AFP AgencyMore by this AuthorKampala. Global health charity Marie Stopes said Wednesday it had recalled hundreds of thousands of faulty condoms on sale in Uganda, where HIV rates are among the highest in the world.
The recall followed a warning from Uganda's National Drug Authority (NDA) that the Life Guard brand condoms had failed manufacturing "quality tests" because they contained holes and may burst.
The affected condoms were manufactured by India-based MHL Healthcare in April 2019 and have an expiry date of April 2024, the government regulator said.
Marie Stopes Uganda spokesman David Kamu told AFP on Wednesday that the two affected batches each contained "around 400,000" condoms.
Earlier reports had suggested millions of condoms could have been involved but NDA spokesman Fred Ssekyana told AFP the figure was below one million.
Marie Stopes Uganda said more than half of the condoms of concern had been recalled.
Advertisement
"While the LifeGuard brand follows strict quality controls, unfortunately two recent batches have fallen short of the quality we demand," the charity's country director, Carole Sekimpi, said in a statement Tuesday.
Marie Stopes is the largest and most specialised sexual reproductive health organisation in Uganda, the charity says on its website.
According to UNAIDS, 1.4 million Ugandans are living with HIV with 53,000 people were infected with the disease in 2018.


The goal of the dynamic domain (DD) track is to support research in dynamic, exploratory search of complex information domains. DD systems receive relevance feedback as they explore a space of subtopics within the collection in order to satisfy a user's information need.
In order to take part in the DD track, you need to be a registered participant of TREC. The TREC Call for Participation, at
http://trec.nist.gov/pubs/call2015.html, includes instructions on how to register. You must register before May 1, 2015 in order to participate.
The datasets and relevance judgments will be made generally available to non-participants after the TREC 2015 cycle, in February 2016. So register to participate if you want early access.
For 2015 there are four domains, each with different data:
Illicit Goods: this data is related to how illicit and counterfeit goods such as fake viagra are made, advertised, and sold on the Internet. The dataset comprises posts from underground hacking forums, arranged into threads.
Ebola: this data is related to the Ebola outbreak in Africa in 2014-2015. The dataset comprises tweets relating to the outbreak, web pages from sites hosted in the affected countries and designed to provide information to citizens and aid workers on the ground, and text files from West African and other government sources.
Local Politics: this data is related to regional politics in the Pacific Northwest and the small-town politicians and personalities that work it. The dataset comprises web pages from the TREC 2014 KBA Stream Corpus.
Polar Sciences: this data comprises web pages, scientific data (HDF, NetCDF files, Grib files), zip files, PDFs, images and science code related to the polar sciences and available publicly from the NSF funded
Advanced Cooperative Artic Data and Information System (ACADIS), NASA funded
Antarctic Master Directory (AMD), and National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC)
Arctic Data Explorer.
All the datasets are formatted using the Common Crawl Architecture schema from the DARPA MEMEX project, and stored as sequences of CBOR objects. See the
datasets page for more details.
Within each domain, there will be 25-50 topics that represent user search needs. The topics are developed by the NIST assessors. A topic (which is like a query) contains a few words. It is the main search target for one complete run of dynamic search. Each topic contains multiple subtopics, each of which addresses one aspect of the topic. The NIST assessors have tried (very hard to) produce a complete set of subtopics for each topic, and so we will treat them as the complete set and use them in the interactions and evaluation.
An example topic for the Illicit Goods domain could be found
here. It is about "paying for amazon book reviews" and contains 2 subtopics.
You can find the topics (with ground truth) on the
Tracks page in the TREC Active Participants area after you register to participate in TREC.
Your systems will receive an initial query for each topic, where the query is two to four words and additionally indicates the domain by a number 1, 2, 3 or 4. In response to that query, systems may return up to five documents to the user. The simulated user will respond by indicating which of the retrieved documents are relevant to their interests in the topic, and to which subtopic the document is relevant to. Additionally, the simulated user will identify passages from the relevant documents and assign the passages to the subtopics with a graded relevance rating. The system may then return another five documents for more feedback. Systems should stop when they believe they have covered all the user's subtopics sufficiently. The subtopics are not known the system in advance; systems must discover the subtopics from the user's responses.
The following picture illustrates the task:
The system interactions with the user will be simulated using a jig that the track coordinators will provide to you. This jig runs on Linux, Mac OS, and Windows. You will need the
topics with ground truth to make the jig work, and your system may only interact with the ground truth through the jig.
The jig package can be found at
https://github.com/trec-dd/trec-dd-simulation-harness. That page includes instrucions on how to set up and run the jig with an example oracle system, and how to write your system to connect with the jig.
The primary measures will be Cube Test and µ-ERR. Scoring scripts are included as part of the jig. We will also likely report other diagnostic measures such as basic precision and recall.
The Cube Test is a search effectiveness measurement that measures the speed of gaining relevant information (could be documents or passages) in a dynamic search process. It measures the amount of relevant information a search system could gather for the entire search process with multiple runs of retrieval. A higher Cube Test score means a better DD system, which ranks relevant information (documents and/or psaasages) for a complex
search topic as much as possible and as early as possible.
Reference: Jiyun Luo, Christopher Wing, Hui Yang, Marti Hearst. The Water Filling Model and The Cube Test: Multi-Dimensional Evaluation for Professional Search. CIKM 2013.
http://cs-sys-1.uis.georgetown.edu/~xd47/InfoSense/publication/cikm2013.pdf
µ-ERR is an extension to the cascade model of ERR by defining an outer loop in which the user changes the entity profile each time they find a useful piece of new information.
In TREC, a "run" is the output of a search system over all topics. In the DD track, the runs are the output of the harness jig. Participating groups typically submit more than one run corresponding to different parameter settings or algorithmic choices. The maximum number of runs allowed for DD 2015 is five from each team.
We use a line-oriented format similar to the classic TREC submission format:
topic_id docno ranking_score on_topic subtopic_rels
where 'on_topic' is 1 or 0 if the document is relevant to any subtopic, and the subtopic_rels indicate graded relevance for the document for all relevant subtopics. For instance:
DD15-1<PHONE_NUMBER>-b5476b1b8bf25b179bcf92cfda23d975 503.000000 1 DD15-1.4:3
DD15-1<PHONE_NUMBER>-7676cf342cb035e8e09b0696ae85d3a7 883.000000 1 DD15-1.1:2
DD15-1<PHONE_NUMBER>-d6783cba6ad386f4444dcc2679637e0b 26.000000 1 DD15-1.4:2|DD15-1.4:2|DD15-1.4:2|DD15-1.2:2|DD15-1.2:2|DD15-1.1:3|DD15-1.4:2|DD15-1.4:2
DD15-1<PHONE_NUMBER>-3f3465ecc86554b4b449539a46a5e7ba 709.000000 1 DD15-1.6:2|DD15-1.6:2|DD15-1.4:2|DD15-1.4:3
DD15-1<PHONE_NUMBER>-f9c69177db43b0f810ce03c822576c5c 470.000000 1 DD15-1.1:3
Participants are expected to submit at least one run by the deadline.
Runs may be fully automatic, or manual. Manual indicates intervention by a person at any stage of the retrieval. We welcome unusual approaches to the task including human-in-the-loop searching, as this helps us set upper performance bounds.


OWASP WebMapper Ruby API README¶ ↑
What's this program for?¶ ↑
This program is designed for the web application asset discovery and tracking. It was originally developed to to cover the gaps of a similar commercial product. Over the time it grows to be a more capable and complete replacement (IMHO).
Program Version¶ ↑
The latest release is Beta version 1.5.x as of fall 2014. Please refer to the CHANGELOG.md for the program's history information.
Author Contact¶ ↑
This program is designed and developed by Yang Li. You can reach him by Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Installation¶ ↑
To take full power of this program, you would need an *nix flavor machine with direct Internet access. I have installed it successfully on both Mac and Linux machines. You'll also need the Ruby environment being setup properly. The easiest way to install OWASP Web Mapper is by using Ruby Gems. Download the latest gem 'wmap-x.x.x.gem' into the local file system. Then install it from command line there:
gem install wmap-x.x.x.gem --no-rdoc
Dependency¶ ↑
You need the Ruby 1.9.2 or above in order to use this program. In my test environment, I was able to set it up with RVM. Please refer to this page for more installation information: www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/
In addition, the following Ruby GEM dependency are needed by different components of this software: require "digest/md5" require "dnsruby" require "geoip" require "minitest/autorun" require "net/http" require "net/ping" require "netaddr" require "nokogiri" require "open_uri_redirections" require "openssl" require "open-uri" require "parallel" require "resolv" require "singleton" require "uri" require "whois" require 'httpclient' require 'nokogiri' require 'open-uri' To install "uri" gem for example, use the command below: $ gem install uri
Ruby-whois Gem Patches¶ ↑
This software depends on a patched version of Ruby gem ruby-whois-2.7.0 (www.ruby-whois.org/) for the domain whois lookup feature. For better result, you could manually add the patches into your local whois gem installation directory as shown below:
$ cp whois_patches/* [Your_ruby_whois_gem_path]/whois/lib/whois/record/parser/
Or you can directly download the branched whois gem from this repository - github.com/yangsec888/whois
Before Using This Program¶ ↑
You need to define a scope for the program to run successful. The scope includes both your legitimate Internet domain, and your public network block in the CIDR format.
To add your Internet domain into the scope, use the build-in shell command below:
$ trust XYZ.COM
To add your public network block into the scope:
$ trust x.x.x.x/x
Automatic Discovery and Tracking¶ ↑
$ wmap <seed file | target host | target url | target IP or network cidr>
The above utility is intelligent enough to take argument as either a seed file, or a string such as a host, an IP, a network block, or a URL. The new discoveries will be automatically tracked in the data file 'lib/wmap/data/target_sites'.
Note: seed file - mix of url, cidr and domain seed, one entry per line. url seed - known URL(s) for further discovery via the web crawler. cidr seed - list of known network blocks, for discovering web service via port scanning; it is also used to validate if the web service has a known IP (internal hosted). domain seed - validated internet domain to be used for DNS record brute-forcing; it is also used to validate the ownership of found web service.
Dump Out Discovery Database¶ ↑
You can dump out the program output by using the build-in utility 'wdump' as shown below:
$ wdump [output file name from you]
The above utility will dump out the discovery database into a single file as program output. Currently, the supported file format is Comma-separated Value (.csv) and Extensible Markup Language (.xml)
More Usage Cases:¶ ↑
There are more examples under the 'demos' folder of this package. The examples show how to use the 'wmap' API to get your job done easily. Please check out the code - they should be easy and straightforward to be understood.
More Document(s):¶ ↑
The software comes with the Ruby doc during your installation as shown above. For your convenience, the Ruby doc is also distributed with this software. You can navigate to the 'doc' folder of your local installation, and click the 'index.html' to open the start page in your favorite browser. You can also download the wmap-x.x.x.rdoc.zip documentation package alone from GitHub, unzip and open the doc/index.html in your browser.
If you need additional documentation / information other than this README file and the Ruby document package, please be patient - as I'm still working on it :)
How do I report the bugs, or maybe require some new features?¶ ↑
Contact the author Yang Li directly at email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Legal Disclaimer:¶ ↑
This software is provided strictly 'as-if' without any implied warranty. You're free to copy or modify the codes anyway you want - a reference back to this software will be appreciated. Please refer to the 'LICENSE.txt' file for more information.


--- layout: default --- Coding resources from {{ page.title }} EU Code Week 2018 Home Resources Coding resources from {{ page.title }} {{ content }}


A family's serene beach vacation turns to chaos when their doppelgängers appear and begin to terrorize them.
Rated: 18
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Director: Jordan Peele
Cast: Lupita Nyong'o, Winston Duke, Elisabeth Moss
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Never lose sales again because of bottlenecks or stock-outs. Increase sales by replacing checkout counters with products
Delight your customers with personalized product recommendations, and a hassle-free shopping experience
By generating additional sales and lowering operational costs, you can recover your investment in under a year


Loading the Configuration
ArgentSea fully leverages the configuration architecture of .NET Core. In brief, ArgentSea requires one or more configuration files and offers a simple extension method to load the entire framework at start up.
About .NET Configuration
If the .NET Core configuration architecture is new to you, it essentially consists of two parts:
- A configuration Dictionary, which can be loaded from multiple sources — one of which is typically a file called appsettings.json
- An “Options” architecture, which casts the configuration entries into a strongly-typed configuration objects.
One of the key improvements of the configuration architecture in .NET standard is the dictionary architecture, which allows entries to be loaded and combined from multiple sources. So, for example, you might load the account names from an appsettings.json configuration file, the passwords from a secrets.json file (or Key Vault or Secrets Manager), and the server names from environment variables. Properly managed, this can make deployments both easier and more secure.
The previous examples all used JSON for configuration. This is not a requirement. In non-JSON configuration contexts, like environment variables, you can specify these values as key-value pairs. The key concatenates the hierarchy separated by “:”. Arrays and lists should include an index.
The same configuration information listed above can be stored and loaded as key-value pairs. An example of the same shard set configuration in non-JSON format would be:
| Key | Value |
|---|---|
| SqlShardSets:0:ShardSetName | Primary |
| SqlShardSets:0:DataSource | DbServer1 |
| SqlShardSets:0:FailoverPartner | Mirror1 |
| SqlShardSets:0:UserName | webUser |
| SqlShardSets:0:Password | pwd1234 |
| SqlShardSets:0:Shards:0:ShardId | 0 |
| SqlShardSets:0:Shards:0:InitialCatalog | ShardDb1 |
| SqlShardSets:0:Shards:0:ReadConnection:ApplicationIntent | ReadOnly |
| SqlShardSets:0:Shards:0:ReadConnection:DataSource | Mirror1 |
| SqlShardSets:0:Shards:1:ShardId | 1 |
| SqlShardSets:0:Shards:1:InitialCatalog | ShardDb2 |
| SqlShardSets:0:Shards:1:ReadConnection:ApplicationIntent | ReadOnly |
| SqlShardSets:0:Shards:1:ReadConnection:DataSource | Mirror1 |
Because .NET Core’s configuration architecture allows values to be aggregated from multiple data stores, we can create configuration entries where they can be most conveniently managed. Gone are the days of needing to transform configuration files upon deployment (unless you really like that type of thing).
Typically, there are three types of configuration entries:
- Secure values, like passwords or keys, which should not be readily accessible.
- Environment-specific values, like server names, which change as releases are promoted through various environments.
- Application values, which specify how the application should consistently behave.
This capability is critical for managing configuration outside of the application. Using key-value pairs allows configuration values to be hosted in environment variables and secure stores.
Securing Passwords
In a development environment, you should consider using the UserSecrets functionality, which prevents this information from being checked into your source code repository.
UserSecrets uses a JSON file, so the password entries can be simply removed from the appsettings.json file and stored in the secrets.json file. Note that the object counts must be consistent between your appsettings.json file and the secrets.json file.
User Secrets
{
"SqlDbConnections": [
{
},
{
},
{
"ReadConnection": {
"Password": "pwd1234"
},
"WriteConnection": {
"Password": "pwd5678"
}
}
]
}
In other environments, you might consider using AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, Docker secrets, a secure file share, or something similar.
Most of these secrets stores store key value pairs. The .NET configuration manager resolves the hierarchical JSON files with a semi-colon, “:”, separator between the property hierarchy. Array elements are referenced with an index value.
Tip
Systems that don’t support semi-colon separators in their keys (AWS Secrets Manager, for example) can use double underscores (“__”) instead.
Consequently, the previous JSON values could be saved as corresponding key-value pairs as:
| Key | Value |
|---|---|
| SqlDbConnections:2:ReadConnection:Password | pwd1234 |
| SqlDbConnections:2:WriteConnection:Password | pwd5678 |
In reality, most implementations would have a single secure password used for every shard connection, in which case the key in your secrets store is simply:
| Key | Value |
|---|---|
| SqlShardSets:0:Password | pwd1234 |
Environment-specific Configuration
Managing configuration through multiple staging and release environments works the same way. You can store environment-specific settings — like server names or database names — in server environment variables. These are also key-value pairs, so the .NET Core configuration hierarchy would be rendered to keys in the same way as described in the previous section.
The database configuration JSON presented previously would be saved in environment variables as:
| Key | Value |
|---|---|
| SqlDbConnections:0:DataSource | DbServer1 |
| SqlDbConnections:0:InitialCatalog | MainDb |
| SqlDbConnections:1:DataSource | DbServer1 |
| SqlDbConnections:1:InitialCatalog | OtherDb |
| SqlDbConnections:1:WriteConnection:DataSource | DbServer2 |
| SqlDbConnections:1:ReadConnection:DataSource | DbServer3 |
| SqlDbConnections:1:ReadConnection:InitialCatalog | Db1 |
| SqlDbConnections:1:WriteConnection:DataSource | DbServer4 |
| SqlDbConnections:1:WriteConnection:InitialCatalog | Db2 |
Note
The order of configuration loading matters. Your Startup class should load appsettings.json first. When the environment variables are subsequently loaded, any existing values in appsettings.json will be overwritten.
ArgentSea uses the configuration dictionary built into .NET Core, so you can use any compatible configuration provider — including files, command line arguments, databases, and more.
There are no restrictions on which configuration entries belong to which providers (data sources). You can store passwords in environment variables or even command arguments, if you want to. Pick the right platform to management your data effectively, ArgentSea can use it as long as the values are consolidated correctly into the configuration dictionary.
Configuration Options
The next phase in .NET Core’s configuration processing is the Options rendering. This converts the aggregated dictionary entries into strongly typed configuration objects, called Options. ArgentSea uses these typed Options objects to build its ShardSets and Databases services.
Unfortunately, a misconfigured property or entry can cause the Options class to be null when a value was expected. This can be difficult to debug, as there are often no error messages, just a null result. You can debug the Options classes during startup to see which values are unexpectedly null. Experiment with removing configuration values until the Options classes render as expected.
The JSON object hierarchy and property types should exactly match those of the Options objects, so if you have any doubts, explore the Options classes using C# or other strongly typed language.
Loading the Configuration
ArgentSea uses .NET Core’s built-in Options configuration and dependency injection architecture. The complexity of turning a JSON configuration file into a connection object is as simple as calling an extension method in the ConfigureServices
method of your Startup
class.
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
...
// add your injectable logging provider
services.AddLogging();
// add the ArgentSea SQL database connections
services.AddSqlServices(Configuration);
// now add your custom data classes, which use the data components
services.AddSingleton<MyDataStore>();
...
services.AddMvc();
...
}
This code references a Configuration
property. It is common practice to obtain the configuration object from the constructor of the Startup
class, then use this to set the Configuration
property.


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open fun resetDialogState(): Unit
Resets all entity values, context values, ai.tock.bot.engine.dialog.DialogState.userLocation and ai.tock.bot.engine.dialog.DialogState.nextActionState but keep entity values history.
See Also
ai.tock.bot.engine.dialog.DialogState.resetState


Scope for the entire app runtime.
(extensions in package com.vmadalin.core.extensions)
(extensions in package com.vmadalin.core.extensions)
CharacterFavorite represents when a user adds a character to favorite, containing the different
info required for display on screen
The data access object for the CharacterFavorite class.
Core component that all module's components depend on.
Scope for a feature module.
(extensions in package com.vmadalin.core.extensions)
(extensions in package com.vmadalin.core.ui.bindings)
(extensions in package com.vmadalin.core.extensions)
Marvel room database storing the different requested information like:
characters, comics, stories, etc..
This annotation allows us to open some classes for mocking purposes while they are final in
release builds.
Annotate a class with OpenForTesting if you want it to be extendable in debug builds.
(extensions in package com.vmadalin.core.extensions)
(extensions in package com.vmadalin.core.ui.bindings)
A lifecycle-aware observable that sends only new updates after subscription, used for events like
navigation and Snackbar messages.
(extensions in package com.vmadalin.core.extensions)
(extensions in package com.vmadalin.core.ui.bindings)


Our approach has empowered local, national, and global brands to grow their businesses and#}
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We translate your business goals and objectives into insightful UX, remarkable UI and#}
{# distinctive competitive advantage and we can do the same for you.
Business Analysis is the practice of enabling change in an organizational context, by#}
{# defining needs enabling change in an organizational context, by defining needs


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This is the largest of the Kornati Islands and is about 13 miles long. It is part of a national park and Park regulations apply. See Croatia/Restrictions
Vrulje is a small village in a bay midway down the SW coast of the island.
Position 43°48.6'N, 15°18.5'E (Vrulje).
The bay provides good shelter. There are several visitors' buoys here or anchor in about 4m, taking a line ashore.
If the anchorage and buoys are full, there is an alternative anchorage in the next bay to the north. Here there is good holding in sand and a depth of 7 to 10m.
There is a National Park reception centre here.
Last updated February 2010.


CodeGen International (Pvt) Ltd.
Trace Expert City, Bay 1-5, Maradana Rd, Colombo 01, Sri Lanka.
Monthly Book Asset
| Asset ID
|
Asset Category
|
Employee Name
|
NIC Number
|
From
|
To
|
| {{report.assetId}} |
{{report.requestedAsset.assetcategory}} |
{{report.userAssigned.firstname}} {{report.userAssigned.lastname}} |
{{report.userAssigned.nic}} |
{{report.beginDate}} |
{{report.dueDate}} |
Monthly Breakdown Asset
| Asset ID
|
Asset Category
|
Warranty
|
Complainer
|
Complainer NIC
|
Informed Date
|
| {{report.assetId}} |
{{report.brokenAsset.assetcategory}} |
{{report.brokenAsset.warrantyStatus}} |
{{report.informedBy.firstname}} {{report.informedBy.lastname}} |
{{report.complainedNic}} |
{{report.informedDate}} |
Monthly Approved Requested Asset
| Asset ID
|
Asset Category
|
Employee Name
|
Employee NIC
|
Date of DH Approved
|
Date of AM Approved
|
| {{report.assetId}} |
{{report.requestedAsset.assetcategory}} |
{{report.userAssigned.firstname}} {{report.userAssigned.lastname}} |
{{report.requestedNic}} |
{{report.dateDHConfirmed}} |
{{report.dateAMConfirmed}} |
Monthly Rejected Requested Asset
| Asset ID
|
Asset Category
|
Employee Name
|
Employee NIC
|
Rejected Date
|
| {{report.assetId}} |
{{report.requestedAsset.assetcategory}} |
{{report.userAssigned.firstname}} {{report.userAssigned.lastname}} |
{{report.requestedNic}} |
{{report.dateAMConfirmed}} |
-----------------
{{status}}
{{Fname}} {{Lname}}
{{email}} {{curent}}
{{today | date:'dd-MM-yyyy hh:mm:ss a':'+0530'}}


966590 With the HTML output method, characters in strings produced using character maps are subjected to escaping
965882 Applications using the Java API to access namespaced attributes in a standard tree may get incorrect answers or failures
962737 When non-standard prefixes are used for standard namespaces in the result document (e.g. the XSLT namespace), Saxon may serialize them incorrectly.
962068 Casting xs:integer to xs:long returns the original xs:integer unchanged.
959979 The distinct-values() function may fail with a ClassCastException when processing a heterogeous sequence.
959940 In XQuery, unpredictable errors occur if global variables are declared in multiple query modules.
957362 In XSLT, xsl:fallback instructions within unrecognized extension elements are not properly validated.
949841 In XQuery, declaring a variable in the default clause of a typeswitch expression does not work.
949840 When objects such as variables or parameters are defined in a reserved namespace, the error is not always reported correctly.
949839 Space stripping (xsl:strip-space) does not work correctly when input is supplied in the form of a pre-built tree (DOMSource, JDOM, etc).
940778 When buiding a result tree, adjacent text nodes are not merged.
940227 When using a DOMSource, unprefixed attributes are assumed to be in the default namespace rather than the null namespace.
938531 In XQuery, a namespace prefix declared in the prolog takes precedence over one declared in an element constructor.
938530 In XQuery, an element constructor of the form <a>{1}{2}</a> causes a spurious space character to be output.
932417 In XQuery, the default collation specified in the prolog is ignored.
931599
With xs:decimal operands, the expression A mod B
gives the wrong answer
if A is less than B.
930902
In XSLT, the checks that parameters in xsl:call-template
match the parameters in the template being called incorrectly take account of
tunnel parameters.
927409
The saxon:evaluate()
function fails if the expression uses local variables
and is used in a context such as xsl:for-each
where lazy evaluation occurs.
927057 Under particular conditions an invalid type annotation (numeric zero) can be attached to a node.
926727
In XQuery, the "empty greatest/least" functionality in order by
does not work.


{{- partial "head.html" . -}}
{{- partial "navigation.html" . -}}
{{- block "main" . }} {{- end -}}
© 2017 Little Bit O' Lindy
{{- partial "footer_scripts.html" . -}}


Geodesic Bibliography
Errata for
Jacobi's Lectures on Dynamics,
translated by K. Balagangadharan (Hindustan Book Agency, 2009).
Errors
-
Title page: replace “Brockardt” by
“Borchardt”.
-
p. ix, paragraph 1, line 6: replace “aequtionen
differentiales partiellen primi ordinus” by
“aequationes differentiales partiales primi
ordinis”.
-
p. ix, paragraph 2, line 2: replace “nad” by
“and”.
-
p. ix, paragraph 2, line 3: replace “Borckhardt”
by “Borchardt”.
-
p. ix, paragraph 2, line 5: replace “Brochardt's”
by “Borchardt's”.
-
p. 15, half-way down: insert a space after
“although”.
-
p. 56, before equation (7.4), replace “m” by
“\(m\)”.
-
p. 62, first paragraph: replace “Mecanique
Analytique” by “Mécanique analytique”.
-
p. 121, equations in the middle of the page: the corresponding
terms should be aligned by inserting extra space after the equal
signs of the second and following equation.
-
p. 123, second equation: replace “\(ddx\)” by
“\(dx\)”
-
p. 124, last equation: remove the commas from the summand.
-
p. 125, first set of equations: the layout makes a nonsense of
the terms, in particular, line breaks (if they are needed)
should be at commas not plus signs; if possible, revert to the
original layout and alignment.
-
p. 152: insert spaces in “p.147” and after commas
in three other places.
-
p. 159, two-thirds of the way down: replace
“\(p_i^0\)” by “\(p_i^\circ\)”.
-
p. 184, 5th line: insert a space after
“independent.”.
-
p. 204, equation (24.7): remove the periods following
“\(\cos J\)”.
-
p. 220, two-thirds of the way down: insert comma after
“increases further to \(+\infty\)”.
-
p. 221, equation (S): insert commas after the first two
sub-equations.
-
p. 221, equation (S1), second sub-equation: the second term in
the sum on the left hand side should include a factor
“\(x_2^2\)”.
-
p. 222, equation (S2): remove braces at the ends of the first
two sub-equations; remove ellipses at the end of the right hand
side of the first sub-equation; in the last sub-equation replace
“\((a_1+\lambda_3)\)” by
“\((a_1+\lambda_n)\)” and
“\((a_{n-2}+\lambda_3)\)” by
“\((a_{n-2}+\lambda_n)\)”.
-
p. 222, equation (26.2), second sub-equation: replace
“\((a_2+\lambda_{m-1})(a_2+\lambda_m)\)” by
“\((a_2+\lambda_{n-1})(a_2+\lambda_n)\)”.
-
p. 223, footnote: replace “Berelini” by
“Berolini”; replace “p.3 f.f” by
“p. 3ff.”.
-
p. 224, line 2: replace “not up to” by “not
to”.
-
p. 224, numerator of displayed equation following equation
(26.5): replace “\((a_m+\lambda_m)\)” by
“\((a_m+\lambda_n)\).”.
-
p. 226: replace “(8*)” by “(26.8*)”
in three places.
-
p. 226, 3rd line after equation (26.8*): remove the parantheses
from “\((a_1+\lambda)\)”, etc.
-
p. 226, 3rd last line: replace “(24.4)” by
“(26.4)”.
-
p. 227: replace “\(x_1^{\prime^2}\)” by
“\(x_1^{\prime2}\)”,
“\(\lambda_1^{\prime^2}\)” by
“\(\lambda_1^{\prime2}\)”, etc.
-
p. 227, equation in the middle of the page: remove the commas
preceding the equal sign and following the ellipsis.
-
p. 232, last line of equation (27.2): insert
“\(+\)” at the beginning.
-
p. 232, last paragraph, 3rd line: replace
“constant\(\lambda_1\)” by
“constant \(\lambda_1\)”.
-
p. 232, equation (27.3), first term: in the denominator
replace
“\((c_1+\lambda_3)(c_2+\lambda_3)(c_3+\lambda_3)\)”
by
“\((a_1+\lambda_3)(a_2+\lambda_3)(a_3+\lambda_3)\)”.
-
p. 233, footnote: replace “Exercises” by
“Exercices”; replace “fonictiones” by
“fonctiones”.
-
p. 235, first paragraph, line 3: replace “(p.194)”
by “(p. 192)”.
-
p. 236: replace “\(x_1^{\prime^2}\)” by
“\(x_1^{\prime2}\)”,
“\(\lambda_1^{\prime^2}\)” by
“\(\lambda_1^{\prime2}\)”, etc.
-
p. 236, the line before equation (28.1): remove the comma
from “or,”.
-
p. 237, the line before equation (28.3): replace
“constants” by replace “constant”.
-
p. 239, line 2: replace “Lagarange's” by
“Lagrange's”.
-
p. 239, two-thirds of the way down: replace
“\(\mu,\nu\)” by “\(u,v\)”; after the
following equation, replace “hold” by
“holds” and “similarity-ratio” by
“similarity ratio”
-
p. 244, the line before the last displayed expression: insert a
space after “easily,”.
-
p. 245, the line after the first displayed equation: replace
“well- known” by “well-known”.
Formatting problems
-
Separate differential quantities from surrounding terms by
thin spaces, e.g., on p. 239, “\(m\,ds^2\)”,
“\(A\,dp^2\)”, and “\(2B\,dp\,dq\)”.
-
Consistently use the style of square root with an overbar;
e.g., on p. 239, replace “\(\surd m\)” by
“\(\sqrt m\)”; similarly, on p. 240, replace
“\(\surd -1\)” by “\(\sqrt{-1}\)”.
-
Currently “\(\phi\)” is used in, e.g., §7,
while “\(\varphi\)” is used in, e.g., §19;
consistently use just one style.
-
In several places, the formatting of the equations as been
altered from the original, making them less easy to understand;
e.g., on p. 221, the terms “\(x_1^2\)”,
“\(x_2^2\)”, in equation (S1) and the preceding
equation on p. 221 should be moved out of the numerator of the
built-up fractions.
-
In several places, ellipses in the original have been omitted;
e.g., on p. 222, vertical ellipses are missing in equations (S2)
and the last set of equations.
-
In several places, equations are split between multiple lines
making it difficult to see the underlying pattern apparent in
the original, e.g., equations (S1) on p. 221, equations (S2) on
p. 222, equation (28.1) and the preceding equation on p. 236.
-
In several places, terms in the original equations have been
included in ellipses making it difficult to see the underlying
pattern apparent in the original; e.g., on p. 125,
“\((\partial f_2/\partial x_2)\)” has been omitted
from (14.8) and the preceding equation; on p. 224, “\((a_m
+ \lambda_2)\)” has been omitted from the 3rd last
equation, “\((\lambda_2 - \lambda_1)\)” from the 2nd
last equation, and “\((\lambda_1 - \lambda_2)\)” and
“\((a_m - a_2)\)” from the last equation; similarly,
on p. 225, “\((a_2 + \lambda_i)\)” has been omitted
from the first equation, “\((\lambda_2 -
\lambda_i)\)” from equation (26.6), and
“\(x_2^2/(a_2 + \lambda_i)^2\)” and
“\((\lambda_i - \lambda_2)\)” from equation (26.7);
similarly on p. 226 and p. 227.
-
In some places, a quad space should be use to separate
equations, e.g., in the equations at the top of p. 100, in the
bottom half of p. 168, near the bottom of pp. 180, 181 and 197,
near the middle of p. 227, and near the middle of p. 236.
-
In several places, the equals sign is displayed with too much
space surrounding it, e.g., in equation (27.2) on p. 232, many
of the equations on pp. 80, 95, 100, 167, 168, 172, 179, 197,
198, 236, 237, 240, 241, 242, 243, and 245.
Geodesic Bibliography
Charles Karney
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(2017-09-30)
GeographicLib home


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Preparation time
30 mins to 1 hour
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 2
Prepare a stuffing for the rabbit by remove the skin from the black pudding from its skin and putting it in a food processor with the cream. Blend until soft and spoonable.
Overlap the slices of ham on your work surface so that together they are slightly wider than the rabbit fillet. Lay the fillet on top and season well. Spread the black pudding mixture over the fillet. Roll the ham to encase the rabbit and stuffing.
Heat the oil in the pan and add the rolled fillet. Fry for five minutes or until brown and crisp.
Toss in the carrot and celery and fry for 2-3 minutes. Add the kidneys and fry for one minute, on both sides
Remove the pan from the heat. Lay the rabbit on a board to rest and spoon the carrot and celery into a bowl.
Prepare the spinach purée. Melt the butter in a small pan. Add the shallots and the spinach and fry until the spinach has wilted.
Transfer the spinach and shallot to a food processor, add a splash of stock or water and the cream and blend until smooth. Add more stock or water if the purée is too thick. Return the spinach to the pan and re-heat gently.
Put the rabbit pan back on the heat. Add the verjus and stir to collect the cooking juices from the rabbit. Tip the carrot and celery back into the pan. Stir in the butter. Slice the kidneys in half and add to the pan.
Slice the rabbit into six pieces. Place three rounds on each plate with a spoon of the spinach purée.
Scatter over the carrot, celery and kidneys and finish with a drizzle of the pan juices.


TANK GIRL A film review by Christopher Null Copyright 1995 Christopher Null
Lori Petty, America's number one Madonna wannabe, is back in action as TANK GIRL, a comic book character come to life. Actually, the whole movie is a comic book come to life. Live action is spliced with still shots of comic strip panels and some full-motion animation, so if you get bored with the live-action part of this picture (and you probably will), at least you can look at the cartoons.
Not that these bits are any more entertaining, but at least they're a change of pace from the dull storyline. The filmmakers use them any time there is the possibility for a neat special effect or some potential for plot development, so they don't waste any money on actually interesting footage, instead copping out to some goofball crayon scribbling.
The thin plot goes like this: the earth is dried up, Malcolm McDowell is the bad guy, Lori Petty is Tank Girl, and she wants to kill him. McDowell barely saves this picture from being a complete failure, reprising his classic psycho bad guy role in fine form. His support is terrible, from Ice-T as a mutant kangaroo, to Petty herself, who I was hoping would get killed by the movie's end.
No such luck.  I guess that was the point, but I can't understand why it needed to be made. Recommended only to fans of Petty: both of them.
RATING: **
|* Unquestionably awful | |** Sub-par on many levels | |*** Average quality, hits and misses | |**** Good, memorable film | |***** Perfection |
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


line-height는 계산된 값이 상속되기 때문에 비율 자체를 상속하기 위해서는 단위 없이 사용해야 한다.
The line-height CSS property sets the amount of space used for lines, such as in text. On block-level elements, it specifies the minimum height of line boxes within the element. On non-replaced inline elements, it specifies the height that is used to calculate line box height.
The line-height CSS property sets the amount of space used for lines, such as in text. On block-level elements, it specifies the minimum height of line boxes within the element. On non-replaced inline elements, it specifies the height that is used to calculate line box height.
The line-height CSS property sets the amount of space used for lines, such as in text. On block-level elements, it specifies the minimum height of line boxes within the element. On non-replaced inline elements, it specifies the height that is used to calculate line box height.
각 line의 높이를 결정하는 것은 font-size가 아니라 line-height이다. Inline 요소에 여러 line-height 값이 존재할 경우에는 가장 큰 값이 대표하게 된다. 디폴트 line-height 값은 font-family의 영향을 받으므로 정확한 높이가 필요한 경우에는 line-height를 명시적으로 지정해야 한다.
The line-height CSS property sets the amount of space used for lines, such as in text. On block-level elements, it specifies the minimum height of line boxes within the element. On non-replaced inline elements, it specifies the height that is used to calculate line box height.
The line-height CSS property sets the amount of space used for lines, such as in text. On block-level elements, it specifies the minimum height of line boxes within the element. On non-replaced inline elements, it specifies the height that is used to calculate line box height.
The line-height CSS property sets the amount of space used for lines, such as in text. On block-level elements, it specifies the minimum height of line boxes within the element. On non-replaced inline elements, it specifies the height that is used to calculate line box height.
The line-height CSS property sets the amount of space used for lines, such as in text. On block-level elements, it specifies the minimum height of line boxes within the element. On non-replaced inline elements, it specifies the height that is used to calculate line box height.
vertical-align의 디폴트 값은 baseline이고 상속받지 않는다. Baseline이 없는 경우에는 bottom이 된다. 그래서 baseline이 없는 span의 bottom이 align 된 것이다.


Popular Areas in how do i calculate nhppd
Campaigns: NEW RESOURCE FOR CALCULATING ... - NSW Nurses
The NSWNA has produced a spreadsheet that allows members to calculate the . To use the tool you enter the Nursing Hours per Patient Day (NHPPD) that has .
http://www.nswnurses.asn.au/infopages/32815.html
Safe Staffing User Manual - ANFTAS
The model is used to calculate the number of direct nursing hours required to provide patient care and as a framework to establish a nursing roster. The NHPPD .
http://anftas.org/files/2011/06/Safe-Staffing-User-Manual-NHPPD-Version-3.pdf
How to Calculate Nursing Hours | eHow.com
Texas Association of Homes and Services for the Aging: Section VII: Nursing Management · Nursing: How NHpPD Can Be Used to Calculate Staffing for Your .
http://www.ehow.com/how_7492807_calculate-nursing-hours.html
Nurses (Tasmanian Public Sector) Enterprise Agreement
Variation of registered industrial agreement T13071 of 2007 - NHPPD Model - . relevant Nurse Unit Manager will calculate, using the NHPPD for each .
http://www.tic.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/115264/Nurses_Tas_Public_Sector_Variation_-_T13323.pdf
The impact of the nursing hours per patient day (NHPPD) staffing ...
Aug 8, 2010 . Once classified, NHPPD were allocated for each ward. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of implementing .
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20696429
Licensing and Certification Program, MS 0512, P - California ...
Jan 31, 2011 . will be generated. The automated calculation of 3.2 NHPPD shall be based on: (1 ) Patient day the 24-hour period of time used to determine .
http://www.cdph.ca.gov/certlic/facilities/Documents/LNC-AFL-11-19.pdf


THE STRAIGHT STORY
Reviewed by Harvey Karten Walt Disney Pictures Director: David Lynch Writer: David Lynch, John Roach, Mary Sweeney Cast: Richard Farnsworth, Sissy Spacek, Jane Heitz, Everett McGill, Jennifer Edwards, Barbara E. Robertson, John Farley, John Lordan, Harry Dean Stanton
The first lesson you learn in literature class is that every story must have conflict: Man against man, man against his fellow man, man against nature. "The Straight Story" challenges this assumption, unless you want to discuss a new type of friction in literature, man against lawnmower. There isn't a single rotten apple in this 111- minute drama, and aside from a brief if heavy downpour, nature is not the enemy. The principal character, Alvin Straight (Richard Farnsworth), does not even have a confrontation with himself. He is determined to visit his ailing brother and at no point expresses a single doubt about the journey he is to undertake.
There are, however, a couple of unorthodox departures aside from this paucity of strife. One is that the majority of people in the tale are old--over 70, or presumed to be. The other is that the director and co-scripter of this sweet, linear, and orderly narrative is David Lynch, the very person who confounded the moviegoing public two years ago with "Lost Highway"--a story so bizarre it made "Twin Peaks" look like a walk in the woods, and whose audacious "Blue Velvet" back in '86 penetrated the surface of a picture-postcard town in a more cryptic way than Sam Mendes had in mind when he dissected suburbia with this year's "American Beauty." Why would a master of the surreal and the bizarre veer off into what's just about the straightest story of the year--a G-rated movie targeted to adults? Never mind what Lynch might tell the interviewers: I'd speculate that someone made a wager that he couldn't turn out a normal, everyday piece--just as the great contemporary composer Sergei Profkoviev was once challenged to devise a major piece of music in the 18th Century style (and succeeded with his "Classical Symphony"). Other than that, I'd say that since Lynch is also a serious photographer, he may have wanted to conceive a pictorial essay on the real America. His camerawork (especially the long shots) on the seemingly infinite corn fields of Iowa look like the backdrop to Kate Smith's singing "God Bless America."
The picture belongs to the charismatic Richard Farnsworth, who at the age of 79 plays a 73-year-old who is made up to look like 83.  When the codger hears that his estranged brother Lyle (Harry Dean Stanton) has had a serious stroke, he is determined to visit the ailing fellow, but lacking money and a driver's license, and determined not to hand over his sovereignty to a bus driver, he sets out by lawnmower from his run-down abode in Laurens, Iowa for the Wisconsin border town where his brother lives in a shanty. A lawnmower? Yep. The 1966 John Deere turns out to be a conversation piece on the road just like Charlie, John Steinbeck's dog, who accompanied that author on a trip in search of America.
We expect the septuagenarian combat veteran of World War 2 to dispense words of wisdom to those he meets: to the pregnant runaway teen with whom he shares his hot dogs; to the young people vigorous pedaling their racing bikes across the empty highway; to the old fella tending bar near the Mississippi River border between Iowa and Wisconsin. Instead, we hear only platitudes: how old age hasn't a single redeeming feature, how it's tough to be on the outs with your brother, how fighting in a major war and accidentally killing one of your own can lead to a drinking problem.
If advice is not the movie's strong point, then the picture of rural, MidWest America as an unspoiled land of selfless people surely is. A guy who needs two canes to walk and whose only transportation is a 33-year-old lawnmower is going to depend on the kindness of strangers. Not a single person laughs at him or makes fun of the eccentric guy and his unusual wheels. When his machinery gives out on him just as his own body is losing its elasticity, the folks invite him into their homes and even fix up his vehicle at a cut rate. The bartender who gives Alvin his first beer in years, the lawnmower repair twins who give him a nice discount, even the pregnant teen who'd expect to want little to do with the older generation--all have good hearts, are great listeners, and seem fascinated by Alvin despite the meagerness of his actual words. What's bewitches them all is obviously his determination to do things his way, the lack of a single misgiving in his craggy expressive face or deliberate speech.
Since the film is too slow-paced to interest the little ones and since adults might be turned off by the G rating, you'd not expect a huge audience for this Disney relaxer.  As for me, I'll take the softness of "Blue Velvet" over the tranquil landscape depicted herein, the large edge of "The Elephant Man" over the vastness of the American countryside, and the abstract enigmas of "Lost Highway" over the rudimentary concrete of the Iowa roads.
Rated G. Running Time: 111 minutes. (C) 1999 Harvey Karten
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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'Bargain of the summer' - Aston Villa players rated for the Premier League season so far
Aston Villa player ratings | We take a look at how AVFC's squad have adjusted back to life in the Premier League
by Ben Husband, https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/authors/ben-husband/A dozen games in and Aston Villa and their fans can take a breath and reflect on the opening months of the season.
Since the miraculous winning run started at the back end of last season, it has been a whirlwind for the claret and blues.
But with just under two weeks until the Premier League kicks back off, it is a time to properly assess how Dean Smith's side have re-adjusted back to the top flight.
Every week, we rate the Villa players for their showings up and down the country with performances spanning from the superb (Norwich) to the distinctly average (Wolves).
As Smith and his staff forensically analyse the first three months, we take a look at a number of the key members of Villa's squad. The star of the season so far, the most consistent player, the surprise package and those we expect to see a little more from:
Aston Villa latest
This is your round up of all things Villa; the one-stop shop that will keep you updated on the latest goings on at the club and beyond.
Transfers, injuries, match-days and managers, we’ve got you covered.
We’ll be bringing the very latest on the Villains throughout the week and around the clock.
Make sure you keep yourself updated with our handy daily catch up...
Must reads...
- Villa fans send stark warning to Smith
- The January transfer priorities for Purslow and Smith
- Jota hands Villa major injury boost
- Morelos speaks out as Rangers rumours swirl
For all your latest AVFC news, opinion, analysis and transfer gossip, click here
You can follow our Villa reporter Ashley Preece on Twitter, and his email address is<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Star man
John McGinn
Without doubt this is the most difficult award to hand out at this stage.
The two men that make Aston Villa tick, John McGinn and Jack Grealish ahve both enjoyed seriously impressive starts to the Premier League season.
Both have been nominated for the player of the month, McGinn in Spetember and Grealish more recently for his exploits in October.
The Scotland international just about pips his his midfield colleague for a slightly stronger start to the season.
Grealish enjoyed one of the best months in recent memory for a Villa player, but it did, by his very high standards, take him a while to re-adjust to life back in the top flight.
McGinn meanwhile looked right at home from the first whistle at the Tottenham Stadium. Prior to the season he was linked with a move to the likes of Manchester United, if there were any question marks about his quality at the highest level, they have been well and truly dismissed.
With three goals he already has half as many goals as he managed in the Championship last term, adding another string to his bow.
Mr Consistent
Bjorn Engels
His centre half partne Tyrone Mings, is the man that garners the most recognition from Villa’s defence, but the Belgian has been a welcome addition to the defensive unit.
A relative unknown before his move to B6, Engels has slotted into the heart of Dean Smith’s defence with ease. His performances have more than warranted an international call-up, but niggling fitness doubts have curtailed his chances with Roberto Martinez’s men.
Ezri Konsa played well in his absence at Wolves, but without his right hand man, Mings didn’t look haf as convincing as he usually does.
For €8m he looks as if he could be the bargain of the summer and has made the right sided centre back a position that requires little thought from fans and manager alike.
Surprise package
Frederic Guilbert
After finding himself on the bench for the season opener at Spurs, Guilbert has quite rightly earned his place in Smith’s starting XI.
He was somewhat the forgotten man during the summer spending spree, with his deal completed back in January. But he has arguably, been one of Villa’s best performers in the early weeks of the season.
Elmohamady, for all of his heroics in the Championship season, seems a long way behind the qualities of the former Caen man.
Against Wolves he was arguably Villa’s most potent attacking outlet, he has the potential to be one of the stars of the season on B6.
Need to see more
The front three – Trezeguet, Wesley & Anwar El Ghazi
Many would expect to see Wesley’s name alone in this section, but with four goals and an assist, he has contributed as much as some of the other strikers brought to the league this summer.
He has to hold the ball up more, but is learning his trade under the glaring spotlight that the Premier League shines on players. For all of his faults, when he is good, he is very good. As Everton and Norwich will attest.
And should he finish with around 12 goals, the £22m will look like money well spent.
The two men that traditionally start alongside him have both, at times, left a little to be desired.
Trezeguet’s form has certainly seen an upturn in recent weeks and with two goals in two weeks, he will now hope to fully kick on in English football.
El Ghazi, as he did for much of last season, has blown hot and cold. He needs to finally step up to be the consistent option Villa fans know he can be.
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- getDate(JSONObject) - Method in class Job1.Parser
-
Gets the date where the tweet is created
- getEnglishStopwordList() - Method in class Job1.Parser
-
Getter Method for english stopwords list
- getGermanStopwordList() - Method in class Job1.Parser
-
Getter Method for german stopwords list
- getHashtags(JSONObject) - Method in class Job1.Parser
-
Extracts the hashtags from exactly one tweet
- getLanguage(JSONObject) - Method in class Job1.Parser
-
Extracts the machine determined language of exactly one tweet
- getSpanishStopwordList() - Method in class Job1.Parser
-
Getter Method for spanish stopwords list
- getText(JSONObject) - Method in class Job1.Parser
-
Extracts the actual text from exactly one tweet, during this only useful words will be
extracted.


Overview
Twisted is a framework designed to be very flexible, and let you write powerful clients. The cost of this flexibility is a few layers in the way to writing your client. This document covers creating clients that can be used for TCP, SSL and Unix sockets. UDP is covered in a different document.
At the base, the place where you actually implement the protocol parsing
and handling, is the Protocol
class. This class will usually be
descended
from twisted.internet.protocol.Protocol
. Most
protocol handlers inherit either from this class or from one of its
convenience children. An instance of the protocol class will be instantiated
when you connect to the server and will go away when the connection is
finished. This means that persistent configuration is not saved in the
Protocol
.
The persistent configuration is kept in a Factory
class, which usually inherits from twisted.internet.protocol.Factory
(or twisted.internet.protocol.ClientFactory
: see
below). The default factory class just instantiates the Protocol
and then sets the protocol's factory
attribute to point to
itself (the factory). This lets the Protocol
access, and
possibly modify, the persistent configuration.
Protocol
As mentioned above, this and auxiliary classes and functions are where most of the code is. A Twisted protocol handles data in an asynchronous manner. This means that the protocol never waits for an event, but rather responds to events as they arrive from the network.
Here is a simple example:
1 2 3 4 5 6
from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol from sys import stdout class Echo(Protocol): def dataReceived(self, data): stdout.write(data)
This is one of the simplest protocols. It just writes whatever it reads
from the connection to standard output. There are many events it does not
respond to. Here is an example of a Protocol
responding to
another event:
1 2 3 4 5 6
from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol class WelcomeMessage(Protocol): def connectionMade(self): self.transport.write("Hello server, I am the client!\r\n") self.transport.loseConnection()
This protocol connects to the server, sends it a welcome message, and then terminates the connection.
The connectionMade
event is
usually where set up of the Protocol
object happens, as well as
any initial greetings (as in the
WelcomeMessage
protocol above). Any tearing down of
Protocol
-specific objects is done in connectionLost
.
Simple, single-use clients
In many cases, the protocol only needs to connect to the server once, and
the code just wants to get a connected instance of the protocol. In those
cases twisted.internet.endpoints
provides the
appropriate API.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
from twisted.internet import reactor from twisted.internet.protocol import Factory, Protocol from twisted.internet.endpoints import TCP4ClientEndpoint class Greeter(Protocol): def sendMessage(self, msg): self.transport.write("MESSAGE %s\n" % msg) class GreeterFactory(Factory): def buildProtocol(self, addr): return Greeter() def gotProtocol(p): p.sendMessage("Hello") reactor.callLater(1, p.sendMessage, "This is sent in a second") reactor.callLater(2, p.transport.loseConnection) point = TCP4ClientEndpoint(reactor, "localhost", 1234) d = point.connect(GreeterFactory()) d.addCallback(gotProtocol) reactor.run()
Regardless of the type of client endpoint, the way to set up a new
connection is simply to call the connect
method on it and pass
in a factory. This means it's easy to change the mechanism you're using to
connect, without changing the rest of your program. For example, to run
the greeter example over SSL, the only change required is to instantiate an
SSL4ClientEndpoint
instead of a
TCP4ClientEndpoint
. To take advantage of this, functions and
methods which initiates a new connection should generally accept an
endpoint as an argument and let the caller construct it, rather than taking
arguments like 'host' and 'port' and constructing its own before calling
connect
.
For more information on different ways you can make outgoing connections to different types of endpoints, as well as parsing strings into endpoints, see the documentation for the endpoints API.
ClientFactory
before,
make sure you remember that the connect
method takes a
Factory
, not a ClientFactory
. Even if you pass a
ClientFactory
to endpoint.connect
, its
clientConnectionFailed
and clientConnectionLost
methods will not be called.You may come across code using ClientCreator
, an older API which is not as flexible as
the endpoint API. Rather than calling connect
on an endpoint,
such code will look like this:
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from twisted.internet.protocol import ClientCreator ... creator = ClientCreator(reactor, Greeter) d = creator.connectTCP("localhost", 1234) d.addCallback(gotProtocol) reactor.run()
In general, the endpoint API should be preferred in new code, as it lets the caller select the method of connecting.
ClientFactory
Still, there's plenty of code out there that uses lower-level APIs, and a few features (such as automatic reconnection) have not been re-implemented with endpoints yet, so in some cases they may be more convenient to use.
To use the lower-level connection APIs, you will need to call one of the
reactor.connect* methods directly. For these cases, you need a
ClientFactory
.
The ClientFactory
is in charge of creating the
Protocol
and also receives events relating to the connection
state. This allows it to do things like reconnect in the event of a
connection error. Here is an example of a simple ClientFactory
that uses the Echo
protocol (above) and also prints what state
the connection is in.
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from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol, ClientFactory from sys import stdout class Echo(Protocol): def dataReceived(self, data): stdout.write(data) class EchoClientFactory(ClientFactory): def startedConnecting(self, connector): print 'Started to connect.' def buildProtocol(self, addr): print 'Connected.' return Echo() def clientConnectionLost(self, connector, reason): print 'Lost connection. Reason:', reason def clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason): print 'Connection failed. Reason:', reason
To connect this EchoClientFactory
to a server, you could use
this code:
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from twisted.internet import reactor reactor.connectTCP(host, port, EchoClientFactory()) reactor.run()
Note that clientConnectionFailed
is called when a connection could not be established, and that clientConnectionLost
is called when a connection was made and then disconnected.
Reconnection
Often, the connection of a client will be lost unintentionally due to
network problems. One way to reconnect after a disconnection would be to
call connector.connect()
when the connection is lost:
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from twisted.internet.protocol import ClientFactory class EchoClientFactory(ClientFactory): def clientConnectionLost(self, connector, reason): connector.connect()
The connector passed as the first argument is the interface between a
connection and a protocol. When the connection fails and the factory
receives the clientConnectionLost
event, the factory can
call connector.connect()
to start the connection over again
from scratch.
However, most programs that want this functionality should
implement ReconnectingClientFactory
instead,
which tries to reconnect if a connection is lost or fails and which
exponentially delays repeated reconnect attempts.
Here is the Echo
protocol implemented with
a ReconnectingClientFactory
:
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from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol, ReconnectingClientFactory from sys import stdout class Echo(Protocol): def dataReceived(self, data): stdout.write(data) class EchoClientFactory(ReconnectingClientFactory): def startedConnecting(self, connector): print 'Started to connect.' def buildProtocol(self, addr): print 'Connected.' print 'Resetting reconnection delay' self.resetDelay() return Echo() def clientConnectionLost(self, connector, reason): print 'Lost connection. Reason:', reason ReconnectingClientFactory.clientConnectionLost(self, connector, reason) def clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason): print 'Connection failed. Reason:', reason ReconnectingClientFactory.clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason)
A Higher-Level Example: ircLogBot
Overview of ircLogBot
The clients so far have been fairly simple. A more complicated example
comes with Twisted Words in the doc/words/examples
directory.
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# twisted imports from twisted.words.protocols import irc from twisted.internet import reactor, protocol from twisted.python import log # system imports import time, sys class MessageLogger: """ An independent logger class (because separation of application and protocol logic is a good thing). """ def __init__(self, file): self.file = file def log(self, message): """Write a message to the file.""" timestamp = time.strftime("[%H:%M:%S]", time.localtime(time.time())) self.file.write('%s %s\n' % (timestamp, message)) self.file.flush() def close(self): self.file.close() class LogBot(irc.IRCClient): """A logging IRC bot.""" nickname = "twistedbot" def connectionMade(self): irc.IRCClient.connectionMade(self) self.logger = MessageLogger(open(self.factory.filename, "a")) self.logger.log("[connected at %s]" % time.asctime(time.localtime(time.time()))) def connectionLost(self, reason): irc.IRCClient.connectionLost(self, reason) self.logger.log("[disconnected at %s]" % time.asctime(time.localtime(time.time()))) self.logger.close() # callbacks for events def signedOn(self): """Called when bot has succesfully signed on to server.""" self.join(self.factory.channel) def joined(self, channel): """This will get called when the bot joins the channel.""" self.logger.log("[I have joined %s]" % channel) def privmsg(self, user, channel, msg): """This will get called when the bot receives a message.""" user = user.split('!', 1)[0] self.logger.log("<%s> %s" % (user, msg)) # Check to see if they're sending me a private message if channel == self.nickname: msg = "It isn't nice to whisper! Play nice with the group." self.msg(user, msg) return # Otherwise check to see if it is a message directed at me if msg.startswith(self.nickname + ":"): msg = "%s: I am a log bot" % user self.msg(channel, msg) self.logger.log("<%s> %s" % (self.nickname, msg)) def action(self, user, channel, msg): """This will get called when the bot sees someone do an action.""" user = user.split('!', 1)[0] self.logger.log("* %s %s" % (user, msg)) # irc callbacks def irc_NICK(self, prefix, params): """Called when an IRC user changes their nickname.""" old_nick = prefix.split('!')[0] new_nick = params[0] self.logger.log("%s is now known as %s" % (old_nick, new_nick)) # For fun, override the method that determines how a nickname is changed on # collisions. The default method appends an underscore. def alterCollidedNick(self, nickname): """ Generate an altered version of a nickname that caused a collision in an effort to create an unused related name for subsequent registration. """ return nickname + '^' class LogBotFactory(protocol.ClientFactory): """A factory for LogBots. A new protocol instance will be created each time we connect to the server. """ def __init__(self, channel, filename): self.channel = channel self.filename = filename def buildProtocol(self, addr): p = LogBot() p.factory = self return p def clientConnectionLost(self, connector, reason): """If we get disconnected, reconnect to server.""" connector.connect() def clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason): print "connection failed:", reason reactor.stop() if __name__ == '__main__': # initialize logging log.startLogging(sys.stdout) # create factory protocol and application f = LogBotFactory(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2]) # connect factory to this host and port reactor.connectTCP("irc.freenode.net", 6667, f) # run bot reactor.run()
ircLogBot.py
connects to an IRC server, joins a channel, and
logs all traffic on it to a file. It demonstrates some of the
connection-level logic of reconnecting on a lost connection, as well as
storing persistent data in the Factory
.
Persistent Data in the Factory
Since the Protocol
instance is recreated each time the
connection is made, the client needs some way to keep track of data that
should be persisted. In the case of the logging bot, it needs to know which
channel it is logging, and where to log it.
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from twisted.words.protocols import irc from twisted.internet import protocol class LogBot(irc.IRCClient): def connectionMade(self): irc.IRCClient.connectionMade(self) self.logger = MessageLogger(open(self.factory.filename, "a")) self.logger.log("[connected at %s]" % time.asctime(time.localtime(time.time()))) def signedOn(self): self.join(self.factory.channel) class LogBotFactory(protocol.ClientFactory): def __init__(self, channel, filename): self.channel = channel self.filename = filename def buildProtocol(self, addr): p = LogBot() p.factory = self return p
When the protocol is created, it gets a reference to the factory as
self.factory
. It can then access attributes of the factory in
its logic. In the case of LogBot
, it opens the file and
connects to the channel stored in the factory.
Factories have a default implementation of buildProtocol
that does the same thing the example above does, using
the protocol
attribute of the factory to create the protocol
instance. In the example above, the factory could be rewritten to look
like this:
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class LogBotFactory(protocol.ClientFactory): protocol = LogBot def __init__(self, channel, filename): self.channel = channel self.filename = filename
Further Reading
The Protocol
class used throughout this document is a base implementation
of IProtocol
used in most Twisted applications for convenience. To learn about the
complete IProtocol
interface, see the API documentation for
IProtocol
.
The transport
attribute used in some examples in this
document provides the ITCPTransport
interface. To learn
about the complete interface, see the API documentation
for ITCPTransport
.
Interface classes are a way of specifying what methods and attributes an object has and how they behave. See the Components: Interfaces and Adapters document for more information on using interfaces in Twisted.