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中国人纵横四海
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天下一家（We are the world）
即天下一家（歌星联唱义演歌曲）。
《天下一家》由迈克尔·杰克逊和莱昂纳尔·里奇共同谱写，由美国45位歌星联合演唱，昆西·琼斯负责制作。这是美国群星响应联合国国际粮食年为非洲灾民义演的一首歌。
1984年美国群星响应联合国国际粮食年为非洲灾民义演的一首歌，中文名是‘天下一家”，由迈克尔·杰克
1984年首战扬威第23届洛杉矶奥运会，中国军团共获15金8银9铜，金牌数仅次于美国、罗马尼亚、联邦德国，位居第四。
逊和莱昂内尔·里奇合作完成。
1984年，英国歌手菲尔柯林斯（Phil Collins）看到新闻中非洲依索匹亚等地区的人民，长期处于饥荒与营养不良而死亡，遂在圣诞节之前提出构想，由鲍伯盖朵夫（Bob Geldof）担任召集人，由数十位当红艺人以"Band Aid"为名共同灌录单曲义卖，将义卖所得援助非洲饥民，单曲「他们知道现在是圣诞节吗？」（Do they know it's Christmas）于焉诞生。这张单曲推出后，立即在全世界引起回响，光是英美两地就卖出约三百廿万张。
英国歌坛的此项义举，美国歌唱界自然不落人后，由黑人歌手哈利贝拉方提（Harry Belafonte）提出建议，之后获得众大牌歌手的鼎力支持，由昆西琼斯（Quincy Jones）担任制作人，在1985年2月28日，45位当红歌星云集洛杉矶的录音室，灌录了"四海一家"（We are the world）这首义卖单曲。
四海一家」这首歌是由莱纳里奇和迈克尔杰克逊（Michael jackson）合写，两人费了四天的时间写曲，莱纳先完成一部分，迈克尔杰克逊看到后灵感大发，一夜之间就把全曲写好。之后他们又花了两个半小时作词，为了普遍推广此曲，歌词也力求简单易学。单曲完成后推出问世，受到的欢迎难以想象，短短数周便卖出八百万张单曲，更胜英国艺人的"他们知道现在是圣诞节吗？"。
出场第一个，长得比较伟岸的是Lionel Richie（莱昂纳尔·里奇），如果你没听过他的歌，那就相当于在九十年代的中国没有听过张信哲的歌。他的专辑《can't slow down》在世界各地总销量仅次于Michael Jackson的《thriller》。也许这样说还有些抽象，我列举几首现在还一直传唱的经典，《endless love》（无止尽的爱），《easy》，《three times a lady》，《all night long》，《hello》，《say you say me》。 他从1978—1997年间每年都至少有一个冠军歌曲。并且它还是创作出冠军歌曲最多的歌手。它还为Kenny Rogers 创作了《lady》这首优美的冠军歌曲。
第二个出场的是Stevie Wonder（史蒂夫·汪德），这个扎了一堆小辫子，戴着墨镜的的黑人歌手，在这首歌里出场了很大的一部分时间。他的声音想必在后面给各位留下了很深刻的印象。他有另外一首歌，我想这里应该几乎所有朋友都听过了《I just call to say I love you》，中文名字叫《电话诉衷肠》。但你可知道，他是个盲人。一个天生双目失明的人，13岁就登上美国排行榜榜首，20岁开始为别人制作唱片，27岁之前共获14项格莱美奖，成为美国70、80十年代最有影响的流行音乐家之一。
第三个出场的是Paul Simon（保罗·西蒙），他是个斯文人，不留胡须，没有过分夸张的打扮，但却一生跌宕起伏。翻看他的资料，很有意思的是，自从他唱了这首之后，时运突然好了很多，唱片热销，和美丽的Edie Brickell结为连理。《毕业生》的好听至极的主题曲，让他在八十年代的中国，尤其是大学生团体中受到了很大的欢迎，至今仍为众多音乐迷所津津乐道。
第四个出场的是Kenny Rogers（肯尼·洛杰斯），他被称为乡村音乐之父，“我们总感觉自己的爱情和别人不一样， 就连呼吸也某种程度的有些不同，甜蜜的话，总不怕多，总怕不多。短暂的甜蜜”，而这段话的后面帖的就是 Kenny Rogers的《lady》，一首苍凉，似乎有些悲伤的老歌。
第五个出场的是James Ingram（詹姆斯·殷格朗），最熟悉的是他和Linda Ronstadt（琳达朗丝黛）合唱的"Somewhere Out There"。《美国鼠谭》里的一首歌，很好听。再有就是大家很熟的《the last American virgin》（美国最后一个处女），以及87年的冠军歌曲《I just can't stop loving you》，很浑厚的一个声音。
第六个出场的是Tina Turner（蒂娜·特纳） 由Tina唱红的歌曲《恋爱中的蠢人》、《好事多磨》、《最好对我好些》、《爱会干什么》等始终不曾被人们淡忘，她那节奏与布鲁斯加摇滚风格和活力四射的舞台表演在乐迷的心中永远生动如初。
第七个出场的是Billy Joe（比利·乔）。也许这里还有朋友对他不够熟悉，我数出他的一个好朋友吧，唱《can you feel the love tonight》（狮子王主题曲），《candle in the wind》（风中之烛）的Elton John，他们在流行乐坛的影响力是同级别的，他们钢琴同样的超棒，而且将钢琴的很多元素加入自己的作品之中。不过我更喜欢Billy Joel。因为他的歌有一个特点是很多歌手不具备的，歌词特别丰富饱满，而且写得极好，《pianoman》，《we didn't start the fire 》，《keep the faith》，《leningard》都有这样的特点。
第八个出场的是Michael Jackson。1985年7月13日，名为“拯救生命”的大型摇滚乐演唱会在英国伦敦和美国费城同时举行。13曰中午，演唱会先在伦敦威姆布莱体育场开幕．72000人出席了开幕式。两小时后，美国费城约翰·肯尼迪体育场的音乐会也宣布开始，共有9万人观看了演出。演出一直持续了16个小时，并通过全球通信卫星网络向140多个国家播出了实况，估计总共吸引了近15亿的电视观众。全世界100多位著名摇滚乐歌星参加了这次义演，他们之中有鲍博·迪伦、保尔·麦卡特尼、布鲁斯·斯普林斯廷、蒂娜·特纳、艾尔顿·约翰、迈克尔·杰克逊……这一天，整个世界都洋溢着无私的感情。这场大型摇滚乐演唱会的组织者、爱尔兰籍歌星鲍勃·格尔多夫无限感慨地说，“这不是一次流行音乐会，也不是一次电视演出，而是对人的拯救”。他的诚心感动了其他的歌星，要知道，想把那些狂放不羁、我行我素的歌星们组织到一起绝不是一件容易的事儿。格尔多夫事后回忆说：“义演前的好几个晚上，我在床上辗转反侧，不能入睡。极度的担心和各种古怪的念头折磨着我，使我痛苦万分，浑身浸透了冷汗。我们同任何一位歌星都没有签订合同，我们有的只是他们答应来的允诺。”但是，那些被人们普遍认为颓废、放荡、荒唐的摇滚歌星们（鲍勃·格尔多夫自己就曾因玩世不恭而引起人们非议）终于都来了，他们紧密地团结起来，共同完成了这一历史的壮举。在演唱会上，摇滚歌星们最后齐声高唱起音乐会的主题歌《我们是世界》，以表示他们共同的心愿——我们是世界，我们是世界的孩子，我们是创造光明的人，让我们伸出救援之手，我们在拯救自己的生命…… 这次大型摇滚乐义演活动获得了巨大的成功，一共为挣扎在饥荒中的非洲灾民募集到5000多万美元的巨款。摇滚歌星们完成了*政治家喋喋不休的演说和国际会议没完没了的讨论所根本完成不了的壮举。
中国人纵横四海
We Are The World
英文歌词
天下一家
We are the World （Michael Jackson & 45位歌星版）
词曲：Michael Jackson & Lionel Rich
There comes a time when we heed a certain call (Lionel Richie 莱昂纳尔.里奇）
When the world must come together as one (Lionel Richie 莱昂纳尔.里奇& Stevie Wonder史蒂夫.汪德）
There are people dying (Stevie Wonder史蒂夫.汪德）
Oh,and it's time to lend a hand to life (Paul Simon保罗西蒙）
The greatest gift of all (Paul Simon保罗西蒙/Kenny Rogers肯尼.洛杰斯）
We can't go on pretending day by day (Kenny Rogers肯尼.洛杰斯）
That someone,somehow will soon make a change (James Ingram詹姆斯殷格朗）
We're all a part of God’s great big family (Tina Turner蒂娜.特纳）
And the truth (Billy Joel比利.乔）
You know love is all we need (Tina Turner蒂娜.特纳/Billy Joel比利.乔）
（合唱）
We are the world,we are the children
We are the ones who make a brighter day so let's start giving (Michael Jackson迈克尔·杰克逊）
There's a choice we're making we're saving our own lives (Diana Ross黛安娜·罗斯）
It's true we'll make a better day just you and me (Michael Jackson迈克·杰克逊/Diana Ross黛安娜·罗斯）
Well,send them you your heart so they know that someone cares (Dionne Warwick狄昂华薇克）
And their lives will be stronger and free (Dionne Warwick狄昂华薇克/Willie Nelson威利.纳尔逊）
As God has shown us by turning stone to bread (Willie Nelson威利.纳尔逊）
And so we all must lend a helping hand (Al Jarreau)
（合唱重复）
We are the world,we are the children (Bruce Springsteen布鲁斯.斯普林斯汀）
We are the ones who make a brighter day so let's start giving (Kenny Logins肯尼.罗杰斯）
There's a choice we're making we're saving our own lives (Steve Perry史蒂夫.佩里）
It's true we'll make a better day just you and me (Daryl Hall达瑞.霍尔）
When you're down and out there seems no hope at all (Michael Jackson迈克尔·杰克逊）
But if you just believe there's no way we can fall (Huey Lewis休路易斯）
Well,well,well,let"s realize that a change can only come (Cyndi Lauper)
When we (Kim Carnes金康恩丝）
stand together as one (Kim Carnes/Cyndi Lauper/Huey Lewis)
We are the world,we are the children（）
We are the ones who make a brighter day so let's start giving（）
There's a choice we're making we're saving our own lives （）
It's true we'll make a better day just you and me （）
合唱重复We are the world......
Conductor
Quincy Jones
Soloists (in order of appearance)Lionel Richie
Stevie Wonder
Paul Simon
Kenny Rogers
James Ingram
Tina Turner
Billy Joel
Michael Jackson
Diana Ross
Dionne Warwick
Willie Nelson
Al Jarreau
Bruce Springsteen
Kenny Loggins
Steve Perry
Daryl Hall
Huey Lewis
Cyndi Lauper
Kim Carnes
Bob Dylan
Ray Charles
Chorus (alphabetically)
Dan Aykroyd
Harry Belafonte
Lindsey Buckingham
Mario Cipollina
Johnny Colla
Sheila E.
Bob Geldof
Bill Gibson
Chris Hayes
Sean Hopper
Jackie Jackson
La Toya Jackson
Marlon Jackson
Randy Jackson
Tito Jackson
Waylon Jennings
Bette Midler
John Oates
Jeffrey Osborne
Anita Pointer
June Pointer
Ruth Pointer
Smokey Robinson
BandDavid Paich – synthesizers, musician
Michael Boddicker – synthesizers, programming
Paulinho da Costa – percussion
Louis Johnson – bass
Michael Omartian – keyboards
Greg Phillinganes – keyboards
John Robinson – drums
中国人纵横四海
"We Are the World" is a song and charity single originally recorded by the supergroup USA for Africa in 1985. It was written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie, and produced by Quincy Jones and Michael Omartian for the album We Are the World. With sales in excess of 20 million copies, it is one of the fewer than 30 all-time singles to have sold 10 million (or more) copies worldwide.
Following Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas?" project in the UK, an idea for the creation of an American benefit single for African famine relief came from activist Harry Belafonte, who, along with fundraiser Ken Kragen, was instrumental in bringing the vision to reality. Several musicians were contacted by the pair, before Jackson and Richie were assigned the task of writing the song. Following several months of working together, the duo completed the writing of "We Are the World" one night before the song's first recording session, in early 1985. The last recording session for the song was held on January 28, 1985. The historic event brought together some of the most famous artists in the music industry at the time.
The song was released on March 7, 1985, as the only single from the album. A worldwide commercial success, it topped music charts throughout the world and became the fastest-selling American pop single in history. The first ever single to be certified multi-platinum, "We Are the World" received a Quadruple Platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America. However, the song garnered mixed reviews from journalists, music critics, and the public. Fans enjoyed hearing racially and musically diverse recording artists singing together on one track, and felt satisfied in buying "We Are the World", knowing that the money was going to charity. Other individuals, including many commentators in the rock press, were disappointed that the song did not challenge listeners as to why famines occur in the first place, and felt that the lyrics were self-aggrandizing.
Awarded numerous honors—including three Grammy Awards, one American Music Award, and a People's Choice Award—the song was promoted with a critically received music video, a home video, a special edition magazine, a simulcast, and several books, posters, and shirts. The promotion and merchandise aided the success of "We Are the World" and raised over $63 million for humanitarian aid in Africa and the US.
1984年，歌手米兹·尤瑞看到新闻中非洲埃塞俄比亚等地区的人民，长期处于饥荒与营养不良而死亡，遂在圣诞节之前提出构想，由鲍伯·盖朵夫（Bob Geldof）担任召集人，由数十位当红艺人以“Band Aid”为名共同灌录单曲义卖，将义卖所得援助非洲饑民，单曲“他们知道现在是圣诞节吗？”（Do they know it's Christmas ?）于焉诞生。这张单曲推出后，立即在全世界引起回响，光是英美两地就卖出约320万张。
英国歌坛的此项义举，美国歌唱界自然不落人后，由黑人歌手哈利·贝拉方提（Harry Belafonte）提出建议，之后获得众大牌歌手的鼎力支持，由昆西·琼斯（Quincy Jones）担任制作人，在1985年2月28日晚上10点，所有参与该曲制作的人员及45位当红歌星云集美国洛杉矶A&M录音室，在熟悉歌词与伴奏后，这些明星们用了一个通宵的时间录制完独唱与合唱部分以及音乐录像带，经过后期制作与合成，该曲在当年3月7日公开，在之后发行的幕后制作花絮录像带中，详细披露了歌曲的制作过程，We are the world这首义卖单曲于焉告成。
We are the world这首歌曲，莱诺·李奇和迈克尔·杰克逊两人费了四天的时间写曲，莱诺先完成一部分，迈克尔看到后灵感大发，一夜之间就把全曲写好。之后他们又花了两个半小时作词，为了普遍推广此曲，歌词也力求简单易学；单曲完成后推出问世，受到的欢迎难以想像，短短数周便狂销700万张，成为空前最佳销量单曲，更胜英国艺人的“他们知道现在是圣诞节吗？”，这张单曲直到1997年才被艾尔顿·约翰的《风中之烛》所超过。
英美歌坛有了这两次成功的经验，认为可以为非洲灾民做的更多，于是由英国的鲍伯·盖朵夫继续担任召集人，筹画英美两地歌星马拉松式的援非慈善演唱会，演唱会定名为“Live Aid”，于7月13日分别在英国伦敦的温布利体育馆和美国费城的肯尼迪体育馆举行，两边接力进行长达10小时的义演。这场演唱会除了吸引爆满的现场观众，还经由7颗人造卫星，传送到全球160几个国家；负责穿针引线的鲍伯·盖朵夫还因此获得诺贝尔和平奖的提名。
您也可以 先下载一个应用程序（App），有空再慢慢看。
好男儿志在四方
中国人纵横四海
Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (1974)
The State Department Should Embrace Its New Wikileaks Cablegate Transparency
在很多人眼里，美国国务院的工作像其他官僚机构的工作那样单调无聊——整天忙于为护照盖章和审查签证申请——“维基解密”网站上泄露出的一些有趣的电报，可能会改变这一印象。
美国国务院不满意“维基解密”让其机密或绝密电报在互联网上公开，但时光无法倒流，所以它应该接受“维基解密”为其带来的新透明度。
大规模泄密带来的负面影响是什么？在昨天的新闻发布会上，美国国务院称，泄密“带来了冲击”，危及到一些人的生命，而且让美国政府感到相当尴尬。美国国务院一位官员表示，这是“美国外交史上艰难的一周”。例如，据“维基解密”透露，俄罗斯总理普京也被冒犯，他奇怪地被比作为“蝙蝠侠”。而美国大使馆的工作人员被要求从事一些间谍活动，具体而言，2009年他们曾收到命令，收集外国高官的DNA和生物数据，以及通信时所使用的密码、信用卡号和经常使用的航空会员账号信息联系等。等等，别大惊小怪了，爆出外交官涉足间谍活动这样的内幕，只能令那些没有读过约翰 卡雷（John le Carré，英国间谍小说家）小说的人大跌眼镜。
像一盘广为流传的性录像带中的受害者，美国国务院要求惩罚相关责任人，不让人们看到他们亲密的时刻。奇怪的是，美国国务院要求其雇员不要登录“维基解密”网站。但这一要求似乎使他们的工作变得更为艰难，因为他们不知道国外同行们从“维基解密”网站上了解到了什么，从而使他们更难对“维基解密”网站造成的损害进行控制。
而艾琳 安德鲁（Erin Andrews，ESPN体育记者，连续两年被《花花公子》杂志评选为“最性感体育记者”，被传遭到偷拍）肯定会以自己的经验告诉他们，私人的东西一旦被传出去了，就没有办法阻止它的传播。因此，还是让我们从正面看待透明度被提高带来的效应。“维基解密”对于美国国务院带来的效果，类似于《《壮志凌云》（Top Gun，又译作“捍卫战士”，是一部空战名片）对于美国空军的效果 ——激发年轻人的向往之情。受到“维基解密”曝光的美国国务院，是自前国务卿赖斯在德国威斯巴登以一双齐膝高的黑色长筒靴子亮相后最性感的时候……
在很多人眼里，美国国务院的工作像其他官僚机构的工作那样单调无聊——整天忙于为护照盖章和审查签证申请——“维基解密”网站上泄露出的一些有趣的电报，可能会改变这一印象。
Slate.com在线杂志专栏作家克里斯托弗 比姆（Christopher Beam）好奇地问道：“如果普利策奖评奖委员会(Pulitzer Board)读到这些东西会怎样呢？”曝光的密报揭示了一个令人兴奋的外交世界。比姆写道：“一些密报显示，外交活动充满了刺激、心理战等等。”
在密报披露的细节中，我最感兴趣的是对英国安德鲁王子出席一次早午餐会的描述。这次早午餐会发生的时间是2008年，地点是吉尔吉斯斯坦比什凯克市。在这次早午餐会上，安德鲁王子和其他高级别官员感叹吉尔吉斯的商业文化充满了腐败。美国驻吉尔吉斯大使这样写道：
王子再次陷入深思，自言自语道，外人可能无助于改变这里的腐败文化。“他们自己要有改变的意向。就像厌食症，你只有靠自己才能治愈好。而别人无法代劳。”
据这位大使描述，安德鲁王子将注意力转到记者犯下的错误，以及美国和英国政府犯下的错误。这些描述给我的震憾如同伊夫林 沃（Evelyn Waugh，英国作家）笔下的小说情节：
（安德鲁王子）接着说：“这些（该死的）记者，特别是来自《卫报》的，到处多管闲事”，（大意）使英国商人更难做生意。实际上，周围的人群为之鼓掌。
然后，他以一个出人意料的话结束了他的演讲。他严厉地责骂道：我们愚蠢（原文如此）的英国和美国政府充其量只能做好十年的计划，而生活在这个地方的人做好了长达一个世纪的计划。”在这家私人的早午餐厅，不时听到有人喊道“听，听”。由于东拉西扯了这些有关英国的话题，他们令人尊敬的王子不能及时赶赴与（吉尔吉斯斯坦）总理的会见。他很遗憾地要离开参加这次早午餐会的宾客，他们也同样感到遗憾。走出餐厅的时候，有人悄悄告诉这位大使：“作为英国人民的代表，王子真是了不起！我们不得不为我们的皇室自豪！
看来，美国国务院里全是小说家。
中国的过去现在和未来
The State Department isn’t happy about having its confidential, top-secret cables blasted across the Internet by Wikileaks, but there’s no going back now, so it should embrace its new transparency.
What are the downsides of the massive leak? In its press briefing yesterday, the State Department said the release “has had an impact,” putting lives at risk, and generally embarrassing the U.S. gov. It’s been a “rough week for American diplomacy,” says one official. For example, Vladimir Putin was strangely offended at being compared to Batman. And it was revealed that embassy employees are expected to do some spying; specifically, they were ordered in 2009 to gather DNA and biometric data, as well as contact, credit card, and frequent flyer intel from their frenemies abroad. But come now, the fact that diplomats dabble in spying can only be a surprise to those who don’t read John le Carré novels.
Like a victim of a sex tape gone viral, the State Department wants to punish the person responsible and keep people from seeing their intimate moments. Strangely, State Department employees have been told not to surf the Wikileaks site. That would seem to make their jobs harder as they won’t know what their diplomatic counterparts are seeing, thus making it more difficult for them to do damage control.
As Erin Andrews could certainly tell them, once something private is out, there’s no stopping its spread. So let’s look at the upside of this forced transparency. Cablegate may be for the State Department what Top Gun was for the Air Force — a great recruitment tool. This is the sexiest the State Department has been since then-Secretary of State Condi Rice strapped on knee-high black boots in Wiesbaden…
Anyone who thought of working for the State Department primarily as a bureaucratic bore — days filled with stamping passports and reviewing visa applications — will likely have their minds changed by some of the charming cables that have emerged from the document dump on the Wikileaks site.
Christopher Beam at Slate wonders “if the Pulitzer Board is reading this stuff.” The cables reveal an exciting diplomatic world. “The best cables show diplomacy in action, mind games and all,” writes Beam.
My favorite cable details a brunch meeting with Prince Andrew in 2008 in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, where the Duke of York and other high level officials lamented the corrupt Kyrgyz business culture. Writes the diplomat:
Again turning thoughtful, the Prince mused that outsiders could do little to change the culture of corruption here. “They themselves have to have a change of heart. Just like you have to cure yourself of anorexia. No one else can do it for you.”
The diplomat’s description of Prince Andrew turning his attention to what’s wrong with journalists, as well as the U.S. and U.K. governments, struck me as something out of an Evelyn Waugh novel:
[Prince Andrew] then went on to “these (expletive) journalists, especially from the National Guardian, who poke their noses everywhere” and (presumably) make it harder for British businessmen to do business. The crowd practically clapped.
 There were calls of “hear, hear” in the private brunch hall. Unfortunately for the assembled British subjects, their cherished Prince was now late to the Prime Minister’s. He regretfully tore himself away from them and they from him. On the way out, one of them confided to the Ambassador: “What a wonderful representative for the British people! We could not be prouder of our royal family!”
Aspiring novelists, the State Department calls.
经济自由度指数（Index of Economic Freedom）
好男儿志在四方
中国人纵横四海
Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (1974)
The United States of America has gone mad 《泰晤士报》
Published on Wednesday, January 15, 2003 by the Times/UK
by John le Carré （约翰.勒卡雷）原名大卫.康威尔，1931年生於英国。18岁时，便被英国军方情报单位招募，担任对东柏林的间谍工作；退役后在牛津大学攻读现代语言，之后於伊顿公学教授法文与德文。1959年，进入英国外交部工作，先后於英国驻波昂及汉堡的大使馆服务，同时开始写作。1963年，以第三本著作《冷战谍魂》（The Spy who came in from the cold）一举成名，被知名小说家葛林盛讚说︰「这是我读过最好的间谍小说！」从此奠定文坛大师地位。
America has entered one of its periods of historical madness, but this is the worst I can remember: worse than McCarthyism, worse than the Bay of Pigs and in the long term potentially more disastrous than the Vietnam War.
美国已经进入了一段疯狂的历史时期，这是我能记起的最糟糕的一次，超过麦卡锡主义、超过猪湾事件，其潜在危险比越南战争更具灾难性。
The reaction to 9/11 is beyond anything Osama bin Laden could have hoped for in his nastiest dreams. As in McCarthy times, the freedoms that have made America the envy of the world are being systematically eroded. The combination of compliant US media and vested corporate interests is once more ensuring that a debate that should be ringing out in every town square is confined to the loftier columns of the East Coast press.
9·11袭击事件的反应远远超出了奥萨马·本·拉丹恶毒的梦想，就像在麦卡锡主义时代，美国那种为世界所嫉妒的自由正在被有系统地侵蚀。
The imminent war was planned years before bin Laden struck, but it was he who made it possible. Without bin Laden, the Bush junta would still be trying to explain such tricky matters as how it came to be elected in the first place; Enron; its shameless favouring of the already-too-rich; its reckless disregard for the world’s poor, the ecology and a raft of unilaterally abrogated international treaties. They might also have to be telling us why they support Israel in its continuing disregard for UN resolutions.
正在迫近的这场战 争（指美国对伊动武）早在本·拉丹袭击发生的几年前就计划好了，拉丹不过是让这场战争变成了可能。没有他，布什集团仍然会想方设法解释那些骗人的把戏，比如他如何当选美国总统、比如安然丑闻等等。他们可能还要告诉我们为什么他们支持以色列继续无视联合国决议。
But bin Laden conveniently swept all that under the carpet. The Bushies are riding high. Now 88 per cent of Americans want the war, we are told. The US defence budget has been raised by another $60 billion to around $360 billion. A splendid new generation of nuclear weapons is in the pipeline, so we can all breathe easy. Quite what war 88 per cent of Americans think they are supporting is a lot less clear. A war for how long, please? At what cost in American lives? At what cost to the American taxpayer’s pocket? At what cost — because most of those 88 per cent are thoroughly decent and humane people — in Iraqi lives?
但是拉丹扫清了所有障碍。现在我们被告知，88％的美国人希望发生这场战争；美国的国防预算又增加了600亿美元，总数达到3600亿美元；新一代核武器 已经在运送途中，所以我们完全可以放宽心。但这88％的美国人所支持的是什么样的战争并不清楚。这场战争要打多久？要赔上多少美国人的性命？花掉美国纳税 人多少钱？又要夺走多少伊拉克人的生命？
How Bush and his junta succeeded in deflecting America’s anger from bin Laden to Saddam Hussein is one of the great public relations conjuring tricks of history. But they swung it. A recent poll tells us that one in two Americans now believe Saddam was responsible for the attack on the World Trade Centre. But the American public is not merely being misled. It is being browbeaten and kept in a state of ignorance and fear. The carefully orchestrated neurosis should carry Bush and his fellow conspirators nicely into the next election.
而布什和他的集团成功地将美国人对拉丹的愤怒转移到萨达姆身上，则是历史上最厉害的公关骗术之一。最近的一项调查显示，两个美国人中就有一人相信萨达姆应 该对世贸中心的受袭负责。但是美国民众还不仅仅是被误导，他们被吓住了，处于一种无知和恐惧的状态。这种布什集团精心编排的神经症应该可以将布什送到下届选举。
Those who are not with Mr Bush are against him. Worse, they are with the enemy. Which is odd, because I’m dead against Bush, but I would love to see Saddam’s downfall — just not on Bush’s terms and not by his methods. And not under the banner of such outrageous hypocrisy.
The religious cant that will send American troops into battle is perhaps the most sickening aspect of this surreal war-to-be. Bush has an arm-lock on God. And God has very particular political opinions. God appointed America to save the world in any way that suits America. God appointed Israel to be the nexus of America’s Middle Eastern policy, and anyone who wants to mess with that idea is a) anti-Semitic, b) anti-American, c) with the enemy, and d) a terrorist.
用以宗教名义说出的伪善之言将美国士兵送上战场，可能是这场即将发生的战争中最令人作呕的一面。布什“制服”了上帝，而上帝有着非常特殊的政治观点：上帝 指派美国用任何适合美国的方式去拯救世界；上帝指派以色列成为美国中东政策的连接点；任何反闪族、反美或是跟美国的敌人搅和在一起的人都是恐怖分子。
God also has pretty scary connections. In America, where all men are equal in His sight, if not in one another’s, the Bush family numbers one President, one ex-President, one ex-head of the CIA, the Governor of Florida and the ex-Governor of Texas.
上帝还有一些非常令人恐慌的关系网，在他的眼中，人人平等的美国却出现了一个特例。在布什的大家庭里有一个总统、一个前总统、一个前中情局局长、一个佛罗 里达州州长和前得克萨斯州州长。
Care for a few pointers? George W. Bush, 1978-84: senior executive, Arbusto Energy/Bush Exploration, an oil company; 1986-90: senior executive of the Harken oil company. Dick Cheney, 1995-2000: chief executive of the Halliburton oil company. Condoleezza Rice, 1991-2000: senior executive with the Chevron oil company, which named an oil tanker after her. And so on. But none of these trifling associations affects the integrity of God’s work.
再看看布什领导班子里的成员，从布什总统本人，到副总统切尼、国家安全顾问赖斯都曾是石油公司的高级主管，但这些关联竟然 都没有影响到上帝工作的正直性
In 1993, while ex-President George Bush was visiting the ever-democratic Kingdom of Kuwait to receive thanks for liberating them, somebody tried to kill him. The CIA believes that “somebody” was Saddam.  But it’s still not personal, this war. It’s still necessary. It’s still God’s work. It’s still about bringing freedom and democracy to oppressed Iraqi people.
1993年，当前总统乔治·布什访问科威特试图从那里得到些感谢的话语时，有人差点暗杀了他。中情局认为“有人”指的就是萨达姆。从此小布什就叫喊着：“ 那个人试图杀了我爸爸！”在这样的情况下，这场战争仍然不算是个人的，仍然是必要的，仍然是上帝的工作，仍然被称作是要给受压迫的伊拉克人带来自由和民主。
To be a member of the team you must also believe in Absolute Good and Absolute Evil, and Bush, with a lot of help from his friends, family and God, is there to tell us which is which. What Bush won’t tell us is the truth about why we’re going to war. What is at stake is not an Axis of Evil — but oil, money and people’s lives. Saddam’s misfortune is to sit on the second biggest oilfield in the world. Bush wants it, and who helps him get it will receive a piece of the cake. And who doesn’t, won’t.
要想成为布什团队的一员，你必须信仰绝对的善良和绝对的邪恶，而布什，通过从他的朋友、家庭和上帝那里得到的帮助，告诉我们什么是什么。但是布什不肯告诉 我们的是战争的真相，危险的并不是邪恶轴心，而是石油、金钱和人们的生命。萨达姆的不幸便是坐在了世界上第二大的油田上面。布什想得到这个油田，谁愿意帮助他就可以从这里分得一杯羹，不愿意的就没有。
If Saddam didn’t have the oil, he could torture his citizens to his heart’s content. Other leaders do it every day — think Saudi Arabia, think Pakistan, think Turkey, think Syria, think Egypt.
Baghdad represents no clear and present danger to its neighbours, and none to the US or Britain. Saddam’s weapons of mass destruction, if he’s still got them, will be peanuts by comparison with the stuff Israel or America could hurl at him at five minutes’ notice. What is at stake is not an imminent military or terrorist threat, but the economic imperative of US growth. What is at stake is America’s need to demonstrate its military power to all of us — to Europe and Russia and China, and poor mad little North Korea, as well as the Middle East; to show who rules America at home, and who is to be ruled by America abroad.
The most charitable interpretation of Tony Blair’s part in all this is that he believed that, by riding the tiger, he could steer it. He can’t. Instead, he gave it a phoney legitimacy, and a smooth voice. Now I fear, the same tiger has him penned into a corner, and he can’t get out.
对于布莱尔首相参与此事最仁慈的解释就是，他相信骑在老虎身上就可以掌握它。但是相反，他不能。
It is utterly laughable that, at a time when Blair has talked himself against the ropes, neither of Britain’s opposition leaders can lay a glove on him. But that’s Britain’s tragedy, as it is America’s: as our Governments spin, lie and lose their credibility, the electorate simply shrugs and looks the other way. Blair’s best chance of personal survival must be that, at the eleventh hour, world protest and an improbably emboldened UN will force Bush to put his gun back in his holster unfired. But what happens when the world’s greatest cowboy rides back into town without a tyrant’s head to wave at the boys?
他能“活”下来的最好机会就是在战争即将打响的最后关头， 世界各地的抗议声和“勇敢”的联合国迫使布什将手中的枪放回枪套。但试想，让世界上最伟大的牛仔空手回到自己的镇上将会发生什么样的情况？
Blair’s worst chance is that, with or without the UN, he will drag us into a war that, if the will to negotiate energetically had ever been there, could have been avoided; a war that has been no more democratically debated in Britain than it has in America or at the UN. By doing so, Blair will have set back our relations with Europe and the Middle East for decades to come. He will have helped to provoke unforeseeable retaliation, great domestic unrest, and regional chaos in the Middle East. Welcome to the party of the ethical foreign policy.
布莱尔最糟糕的选择就是，不管有没有联合国授权，他都会将我们拖入战争。
There is a middle way, but it’s a tough one: Bush dives in without UN approval and Blair stays on the bank. Goodbye to the special relationship.
当然也存在一种中间选择，那就是布什在没有联合国批准的情况下开战，布莱尔在一旁 观战，彻底告别两国的特殊关系。但是这种选择将是困难的。
I cringe when I hear my Prime Minister lend his head prefect’s sophistries to this colonialist adventure. His very real anxieties about terror are shared by all sane men. What he can’t explain is how he reconciles a global assault on al-Qaeda with a territorial assault on Iraq. We are in this war, if it takes place, to secure the fig leaf of our special relationship, to grab our share of the oil pot, and because, after all the public hand-holding in Washington and Camp David, Blair has to show up at the altar.
如果战争打响，我们将身处其中，为了维护我们的特殊关系，为了从油罐中得到我们的那一份。
“But will we win, Daddy?”
“我们会赢吗，爸爸？”
“Of course, child. It will all be over while you’re still in bed.”
“当然，孩子。当你还没睡醒时战争就结束了。
“Why?”
“为什么？”
“Because otherwise Mr Bush’s voters will get terribly impatient and may decide not to vote for him.”
“因为否则布什先生的选民就会变得非常不耐心，并且可能决定不再投票给他。”
“But will people be killed, Daddy?”
“但是会有人被杀害吗，爸爸？”
“Nobody you know, darling. Just foreign people.”
“没有你认识的人，亲爱的，只是些外国人。”
“Can I watch it on television?”
“我能从电视上看到吗？”
“Only if Mr Bush says you can.”
“只有布什先生说可以的时候你才可以。”
“And afterwards, will everything be normal again? Nobody will do anything horrid any more?”
“那么以后一切都会恢复正常吗？没有人会再做可怕的事情了吗？”
“Hush child, and go to sleep.”
“安静，孩子，睡吧。”
Last Friday a friend of mine in California drove to his local supermarket with a sticker on his car saying: “Peace is also Patriotic”. It was gone by the time he’d finished shopping.
上周五，我的一个美国朋友在加州开车去当地一个超市采购，他的汽车上贴着一条标语“和平也是爱国主义”，当他从超市出来时那则标语已经不见了。
Copyright 2003 Times Newspapers Ltd
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Markdown
Table of Contents
- Newlines
- Multiple underscores in words
- URL auto-linking
- Code and Syntax Highlighting
- Emoji
- Special GitLab references
- Task lists
GitLab Flavored Markdown (GFM)
For GitLab we developed something we call “GitLab Flavored Markdown” (GFM). It extends the standard Markdown in a few significant ways to add some useful functionality.
You can use GFM in
- comments
- issues
- merge requests
- milestones
- wiki pages
You can also use other rich text files in GitLab. You might have to install a dependency to do so. Please see the github-markup gem readme for more information.
Newlines
GFM honors the markdown specification in how paragraphs and line breaks are handled.
A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated by one or more blank lines.
Line-breaks, or softreturns, are rendered if you end a line with two or more spaces
Roses are red [followed by two or more spaces]
Violets are blue
Sugar is sweet
Roses are red
Violets are blue
Sugar is sweet
Multiple underscores in words
It is not reasonable to italicize just part of a word, especially when you’re dealing with code and names that often appear with multiple underscores. Therefore, GFM ignores multiple underscores in words.
perform_complicated_task
do_this_and_do_that_and_another_thing
perform_complicated_task
do_this_and_do_that_and_another_thing
URL auto-linking
GFM will autolink almost any URL you copy and paste into your text.
* http://www.google.com
* https://google.com/
* ftp://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/
* smb://foo/bar/baz
* irc://irc.freenode.net/gitlab
* http://localhost:3000
- http://www.google.com
- https://google.com/
- ftp://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/
- smb://foo/bar/baz
- irc://irc.freenode.net/gitlab
- http://localhost:3000
Code and Syntax Highlighting
Blocks of code are either fenced by lines with three back-ticks ```
, or are indented with four spaces. Only the fenced code blocks support syntax highlighting.
Inline `code` has `back-ticks around` it.
Inline code
has back-ticks around
it.
Example:
```javascript
var s = "JavaScript syntax highlighting";
alert(s);
```
```python
def function():
#indenting works just fine in the fenced code block
s = "Python syntax highlighting"
print s
```
```ruby
require 'redcarpet'
markdown = Redcarpet.new("Hello World!")
puts markdown.to_html
```
```
No language indicated, so no syntax highlighting.
s = "There is no highlighting for this."
But let's throw in a tag.
```
becomes:
var s = "JavaScript syntax highlighting";
alert(s);
def function():
#indenting works just fine in the fenced code block
s = "Python syntax highlighting"
print s
require 'redcarpet'
markdown = Redcarpet.new("Hello World!")
puts markdown.to_html
No language indicated, so no syntax highlighting.
s = "There is no highlighting for this."
But let's throw in a tag.
Emoji
Sometimes you want to :monkey: around a bit and add some :star2: to your :speech_balloon:. Well we have a gift for you:
:zap: You can use emoji anywhere GFM is supported. :v:
You can use it to point out a :bug: or warn about :speak_no_evil: patches. And if someone improves your really :snail: code, send them some :birthday:. People will :heart: you for that.
If you are new to this, don't be :fearful:. You can easily join the emoji :family:. All you need to do is to look up on the supported codes.
Consult the [Emoji Cheat Sheet](http://emoji.codes) for a list of all supported emoji codes. :thumbsup:
Sometimes you want to :monkey: around a bit and add some :star2: to your :speech_balloon:. Well we have a gift for you:
:zap: You can use emoji anywhere GFM is supported. :v:
You can use it to point out a :bug: or warn about :speak_no_evil: patches. And if someone improves your really :snail: code, send them some :birthday:. People will :heart: you for that.
If you are new to this, don’t be :fearful:. You can easily join the emoji :family:. All you need to do is to look up on the supported codes.
Consult the Emoji Cheat Sheet for a list of all supported emoji codes. :thumbsup:
Special GitLab References
GFM recognizes special references.
You can easily reference e.g. an issue, a commit, a team member or even the whole team within a project.
GFM will turn that reference into a link so you can navigate between them easily.
GFM will recognize the following:
| input | references |
|---|---|
@user_name |
specific user |
@group_name |
specific group |
@all |
entire team |
#123 |
issue |
!123 |
merge request |
$123 |
snippet |
~123 |
label by ID |
~bug |
one-word label by name |
~"feature request" |
multi-word label by name |
9ba12248 |
specific commit |
9ba12248...b19a04f5 |
commit range comparison |
[README](doc/README) |
repository file references |
GFM also recognizes certain cross-project references:
| input | references |
|---|---|
namespace/project#123 |
issue |
namespace/project!123 |
merge request |
namespace/project$123 |
snippet |
namespace/project@9ba12248 |
specific commit |
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
commit range comparison |
Task Lists
You can add task lists to issues, merge requests and comments. To create a task list, add a specially-formatted Markdown list, like so:
- [x] Completed task
- [ ] Incomplete task
- [ ] Sub-task 1
- [x] Sub-task 2
- [ ] Sub-task 3
- Completed task
- Incomplete task
- Sub-task 1
- Sub-task 2
- Sub-task 3
Task lists can only be created in descriptions, not in titles. Task item state can be managed by editing the description’s Markdown or by toggling the rendered check boxes.
Standard Markdown
Headers
# H1
## H2
### H3
#### H4
##### H5
###### H6
Alternatively, for H1 and H2, an underline-ish style:
Alt-H1
======
Alt-H2
------
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
Alternatively, for H1 and H2, an underline-ish style:
Alt-H1
Alt-H2
Header IDs and links
All Markdown-rendered headers automatically get IDs, except in comments.
On hover a link to those IDs becomes visible to make it easier to copy the link to the header to give it to someone else.
The IDs are generated from the content of the header according to the following rules:
- All text is converted to lowercase
- All non-word text (e.g., punctuation, HTML) is removed
- All spaces are converted to hyphens
- Two or more hyphens in a row are converted to one
- If a header with the same ID has already been generated, a unique
incrementing number is appended, starting at 1.
For example:
# This header has spaces in it
## This header has a :thumbsup: in it
# This header has Unicode in it: 한글
## This header has spaces in it
### This header has spaces in it
Would generate the following link IDs:
this-header-has-spaces-in-it
this-header-has-a-in-it
this-header-has-unicode-in-it-한글
this-header-has-spaces-in-it
this-header-has-spaces-in-it-1
Note that the Emoji processing happens before the header IDs are generated, so the Emoji is converted to an image which then gets removed from the ID.
Emphasis
Emphasis, aka italics, with *asterisks* or _underscores_.
Strong emphasis, aka bold, with **asterisks** or __underscores__.
Combined emphasis with **asterisks and _underscores_**.
Strikethrough uses two tildes. ~~Scratch this.~~
Emphasis, aka italics, with asterisks or underscores.
Strong emphasis, aka bold, with asterisks or underscores.
Combined emphasis with asterisks and underscores.
Strikethrough uses two tildes. Scratch this.
Lists
1. First ordered list item
2. Another item
* Unordered sub-list.
1. Actual numbers don't matter, just that it's a number
1. Ordered sub-list
4. And another item.
* Unordered list can use asterisks
- Or minuses
+ Or pluses
- First ordered list item
- Another item
- Unordered sub-list.
- Actual numbers don’t matter, just that it’s a number
- Ordered sub-list
- And another item.
- Unordered list can use asterisks
- Or minuses
- Or pluses
If a list item contains multiple paragraphs,
each subsequent paragraph should be indented with four spaces.
1. First ordered list item
Second paragraph of first item.
2. Another item
First ordered list item
Second paragraph of first item.
Another item
If the second paragraph isn’t indented with four spaces,
the second list item will be incorrectly labeled as 1
.
1. First ordered list item
Second paragraph of first item.
2. Another item
First ordered list item
Second paragraph of first item.
Another item
Links
There are two ways to create links, inline-style and reference-style.
[I'm an inline-style link](https://www.google.com)
[I'm a reference-style link][Arbitrary case-insensitive reference text]
[I'm a relative reference to a repository file](LICENSE)
[You can use numbers for reference-style link definitions][1]
Or leave it empty and use the [link text itself][]
Some text to show that the reference links can follow later.
[arbitrary case-insensitive reference text]: https://www.mozilla.org
[1]: http://slashdot.org
[link text itself]: http://www.reddit.com
I’m a relative reference to a repository file
You can use numbers for reference-style link definitions
Or leave it empty and use the link text itself
Some text to show that the reference links can follow later.
Note
Relative links do not allow referencing project files in a wiki page or wiki page in a project file. The reason for this is that, in GitLab, wiki is always a separate git repository. For example:
[I'm a reference-style link](style)
will point the link to wikis/style
when the link is inside of a wiki markdown file.
Images
Here's our logo (hover to see the title text):
Inline-style:
![alt text](assets/logo-white.png)
Reference-style:
![alt text1][logo]
[logo]: assets/logo-white.png
Here’s our logo:
Inline-style:
![alt text](/assets/logo-white.png)
Reference-style:
![alt text][logo]
[logo]: /assets/logo-white.png
Blockquotes
> Blockquotes are very handy in email to emulate reply text.
> This line is part of the same quote.
Quote break.
> This is a very long line that will still be quoted properly when it wraps. Oh boy let's keep writing to make sure this is long enough to actually wrap for everyone. Oh, you can *put* **Markdown** into a blockquote.
Blockquotes are very handy in email to emulate reply text.
This line is part of the same quote.
Quote break.
This is a very long line that will still be quoted properly when it wraps. Oh boy let’s keep writing to make sure this is long enough to actually wrap for everyone. Oh, you can put Markdown into a blockquote.
Inline HTML
You can also use raw HTML in your Markdown, and it’ll mostly work pretty well.
See the documentation for HTML::Pipeline’s SanitizationFilter class for the list of allowed HTML tags and attributes. In addition to the default SanitizationFilter
whitelist, GitLab allows span
elements.

Definition list

Is something people use sometimes.

Markdown in HTML

Does *not* work **very** well. Use HTML tags.

- Definition list
- Is something people use sometimes.
- Markdown in HTML
- Does *not* work **very** well. Use HTML tags.
Horizontal Rule
Three or more...
---
Hyphens
***
Asterisks
___
Underscores
Three or more…
Hyphens
Asterisks
Underscores
Line Breaks
My basic recommendation for learning how line breaks work is to experiment and discover – hit <Enter> once (i.e., insert one newline), then hit it twice (i.e., insert two newlines), see what happens. You’ll soon learn to get what you want. “Markdown Toggle” is your friend.
Here are some things to try out:
Here's a line for us to start with.
This line is separated from the one above by two newlines, so it will be a *separate paragraph*.
This line is also a separate paragraph, but...
This line is only separated by a single newline, so it's a separate line in the *same paragraph*.
This line is also a separate paragraph, and...
This line is on its own line, because the previous line ends with two
spaces.
Here’s a line for us to start with.
This line is separated from the one above by two newlines, so it will be a separate paragraph.
This line is also begins a separate paragraph, but…
This line is only separated by a single newline, so it’s a separate line in the same paragraph.
This line is also a separate paragraph, and…
This line is on its own line, because the previous line ends with two
spaces.
Tables
Tables aren’t part of the core Markdown spec, but they are part of GFM and Markdown Here supports them.
| header 1 | header 2 |
| -------- | -------- |
| cell 1 | cell 2 |
| cell 3 | cell 4 |
Code above produces next output:
| header 1 | header 2 |
|---|---|
| cell 1 | cell 2 |
| cell 3 | cell 4 |
Note
The row of dashes between the table header and body must have at least three dashes in each column.
By including colons in the header row, you can align the text within that column:
| Left Aligned | Centered | Right Aligned | Left Aligned | Centered | Right Aligned |
| :----------- | :------: | ------------: | :----------- | :------: | ------------: |
| Cell 1 | Cell 2 | Cell 3 | Cell 4 | Cell 5 | Cell 6 |
| Cell 7 | Cell 8 | Cell 9 | Cell 10 | Cell 11 | Cell 12 |
| Left Aligned | Centered | Right Aligned | Left Aligned | Centered | Right Aligned |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cell 1 | Cell 2 | Cell 3 | Cell 4 | Cell 5 | Cell 6 |
| Cell 7 | Cell 8 | Cell 9 | Cell 10 | Cell 11 | Cell 12 |
References
- This document leveraged heavily from the Markdown-Cheatsheet.
- The Markdown Syntax Guide at Daring Fireball is an excellent resource for a detailed explanation of standard markdown.
- Dillinger.io is a handy tool for testing standard markdown.


Narrowphase Class
Narrowphase. Creates contacts and friction given shapes and transforms.
Constructor
Narrowphase
()
Item Index
Methods
- capsuleCapsule
- capsulePlane deprecated
- circleCapsule
- circleCircle
- circleConvex
- circleHeightfield
- circleLine
- circleParticle
- circlePlane
- collidedLastStep
- convexCapsule
- convexConvex
- convexLine
- convexPlane deprecated
- createContactEquation
- createFrictionEquation
- createFrictionFromContact
- findSeparatingAxis static
- getClosestEdge static
- lineCapsule
- lineLine
- lineRectangle
- particleConvex
- particlePlane
- planeConvex
- planeLine
- projectConvexOntoAxis static
- reset
Methods
capsuleCapsule
-
bi
-
si
-
xi
-
ai
-
bj
-
sj
-
xj
-
aj
Capsule/capsule narrowphase
capsulePlane
()
deprecated
circleCapsule
-
bi
-
si
-
xi
-
ai
-
bj
-
sj
-
xj
-
aj
Circle/capsule Narrowphase
circleCircle
-
bi
-
si
-
xi
-
ai
-
bj
-
sj
-
xj
-
aj
Circle/circle Narrowphase
circleConvex
-
bi
-
si
-
xi
-
ai
-
bj
-
sj
-
xj
-
aj
Circle/convex Narrowphase
circleHeightfield
-
bi
-
si
-
xi
-
bj
-
sj
-
xj
-
aj
Parameters:
-
bi
Body -
si
Circle -
xi
Array -
bj
Body -
sj
Heightfield -
xj
Array -
aj
Number
circleLine
-
bi
-
si
-
xi
-
ai
-
bj
-
sj
-
xj
-
aj
-
justTest
-
lineRadius
-
circleRadius
Circle/line Narrowphase
Parameters:
-
bi
Body -
si
Circle -
xi
Array -
ai
Number -
bj
Body -
sj
Line -
xj
Array -
aj
Number -
justTest
BooleanIf set to true, this function will return the result (intersection or not) without adding equations.
-
lineRadius
NumberRadius to add to the line. Can be used to test Capsules.
-
circleRadius
NumberIf set, this value overrides the circle shape radius.
circleParticle
-
bi
-
si
-
xi
-
ai
-
bj
-
sj
-
xj
-
aj
Circle/Particle Narrowphase
circlePlane
-
bi
-
si
-
xi
-
bj
-
sj
-
xj
-
aj
Creates ContactEquations and FrictionEquations for a collision.
Parameters:
-
bi
BodyThe first body that should be connected to the equations.
-
si
CircleThe circle shape participating in the collision.
-
xi
ArrayExtra offset to take into account for the Shape, in addition to the one in circleBody.position. Will not be rotated by circleBody.angle (maybe it should, for sake of homogenity?). Set to null if none.
-
bj
BodyThe second body that should be connected to the equations.
-
sj
PlaneThe Plane shape that is participating
-
xj
ArrayExtra offset for the plane shape.
-
aj
NumberExtra angle to apply to the plane
collidedLastStep
-
bi
-
bj
Check if the bodies were in contact since the last reset().
Returns:
convexCapsule
-
bi
-
si
-
xi
-
ai
-
bj
-
sj
-
xj
-
aj
Convex/capsule narrowphase
convexLine
-
bi
-
si
-
xi
-
ai
-
bj
-
sj
-
xj
-
aj
Convex/line narrowphase
convexPlane
()
deprecated
createContactEquation
-
bodyA
-
bodyB
Creates a ContactEquation, either by reusing an existing object or creating a new one.
Returns:
createFrictionEquation
-
bodyA
-
bodyB
Creates a FrictionEquation, either by reusing an existing object or creating a new one.
Returns:
createFrictionFromContact
-
contactEquation
Creates a FrictionEquation given the data in the ContactEquation. Uses same offset vectors ri and rj, but the tangent vector will be constructed from the collision normal.
Parameters:
-
contactEquation
ContactEquation
Returns:
findSeparatingAxis
-
c1
-
offset1
-
angle1
-
c2
-
offset2
-
angle2
-
sepAxis
Find a separating axis between the shapes, that maximizes the separating distance between them.
Parameters:
Returns:
Whether the axis could be found.
getClosestEdge
-
c
-
angle
-
axis
-
flip
Get the edge that has a normal closest to an axis.
Parameters:
-
c
Convex -
angle
Number -
axis
Array -
flip
Boolean
Returns:
Index of the edge that is closest. This index and the next spans the resulting edge. Returns -1 if failed.
lineCapsule
-
bi
-
si
-
xi
-
ai
-
bj
-
sj
-
xj
-
aj
Capsule/line narrowphase
lineLine
-
bi
-
si
-
xi
-
ai
-
bj
-
sj
-
xj
-
aj
Line/line narrowphase
lineRectangle
-
bi
-
si
-
xi
-
ai
-
bj
-
sj
-
xj
-
aj
Line/rectangle narrowphase
particleConvex
-
bi
-
si
-
xi
-
ai
-
bj
-
sj
-
xj
-
aj
Particle/convex Narrowphase
particlePlane
-
bi
-
si
-
xi
-
ai
-
bj
-
sj
-
xj
-
aj
Narrowphase for particle vs plane
planeConvex
-
bi
-
si
-
xi
-
ai
-
bj
-
sj
-
xj
-
aj
Plane/Convex Narrowphase
planeLine
-
planeBody
-
planeShape
-
planeOffset
-
planeAngle
-
lineBody
-
lineShape
-
lineOffset
-
lineAngle
Plane/line Narrowphase
projectConvexOntoAxis
-
convexShape
-
convexOffset
-
convexAngle
-
worldAxis
-
result
Project a Convex onto a world-oriented axis
Parameters:
-
convexShape
Convex -
convexOffset
Array -
convexAngle
Number -
worldAxis
Array -
result
Array
Properties
contactEquations
Array
enableFriction
Boolean
Whether to make friction equations in the upcoming contacts.
frictionCoefficient
Number
The friction value to use in the upcoming friction equations.
frictionEquations
Array
frictionRelaxation
Number
The relaxation value to use in the next friction equations.
frictionStiffness
Number
The stiffness value to use in the next friction equations.
restitution
Number
The restitution value to use in the next contact equations.
slipForce
Number
The friction slip force to use when creating friction equations.
stiffness
Number
The stiffness value to use in the next contact equations.
stiffness
Number
The stiffness value to use in the next contact equations.
surfaceVelocity
Number
Will be the .relativeVelocity in each produced FrictionEquation.


A WebGL tool to explore particle-based data
Aaron Geller / Alex Gurvich / Northwestern
Instructions:
- Right-click and drag with the mouse to rotate your view.
- Use the mouse wheel to zoom in and out.
- Click the Controls bar on the top left to show/hide a user interface.
- Detailed instructions can be found on the Firefly GitHub page.
- h: toggles this help screen on and off.
Loading...


Goa is a small state situated midway up India’s western coast. Due to its ethnic mix over the centuries, Goa has a multi-hued and distinctive lifestyle quite different from the rest of India. English is widely spoken here.
Panaji (previously known as Panjim) is the state capital, and is located on the banks of the Mandovi river.
Goa port is usually closed during the monsoon season (mid June to mid September).
Position 15° 29'29"N, 073° 48'27"E
It is now a requirement that all yachts use an agent for clearance here.
All yachts are now also required to give a Pre-Arrival Notification (PANS) 72 hours before arriving in Goa (Panaji Port). This notification must be sent to:-
On arrival at the port, it is essential to call the Port Authority on VHF channel 16 for permission to enter.
All officials for Clearance are located here, but scattered around the town. However, the cost of a taxi to visit them is not large. Both Customs and the Port offices are by the Betim ferry dock on the southern side of the river, and there is an Immigration office about a mile away on Swami Vivekanand Road.
Remember, all crew must have a visa in advance. See India Formalities for full clearance information.
Last updated September 2013.
There is little in the way of facilities available in Panaji for cruising yachts, now that the pontoons have been removed from the Panaji Yacht Station.
The Verem Bay anchorage now has a Casino Boat moored to four large permanent moorings, but it is still possible to anchor there to the west of the Casino boat moorings (though it means a long dinghy trip to either shore).
It should also be possible to anchor in the river on the south side, upriver of the Captain of Ports jerry and shortly before the Patto Bridge.
There are public toilets and showers all over the City.
Last updated May 2009.


"How to guide" for idea creationHow to guide needs creation
User need identified
Add idea to Ideas Board
Group discussion to fully understand idea / Ideas Backlog Refinement
Selects / prioritises ideas
Plan & produce initial researchMethodology, resource, cost, time
Validation Of Hypothesis
Product Owner Approval
Get research costs signed off
DC Backlog Refinement
- Written as a design story - As a Citizen/Advisor/Content Author I can...
- User Need has been verified
- List of ideas/starting points of how the need might be met
- Clear/defined User Acceptance Criteria, i.e. it is done when
- Enough of a scope to "estimate" it, to include Methodology/research pattern
- Expected output/deliverable
- Idea refined and ready to be sized as DC Story
- PO approval for DC
Definition Of Done
Story created in DC backlog
User acceptance criteria & Trello updated
Group Discussion Is the story content focused or visual focused?
Define user journey through content design
Story created in DC backlog
Find existing evidence of GDS research
Use existing pattern / work from existing pattern
Propose content driven visuals
Request content container from visual design team
Define user journey through visual design
Find existing evidence of GDS research
Use existing pattern / work from existing pattern
Engage with GDS /Find external research
Straight into HTML Prototyping
Begin to evaluate research & sketch/prototype
Design
&
Get team feedback
&
Get team feedback
Final version approved by team
Final version approved by team
Create final prototype for user research / lab testing
User research takes place (lab test)
New user needs / ideas generated
Research written up on Confluence
Return to design stage
Does it need Dev work?
Straight into HTML Prototyping
Begin to evaluate research & sketch/prototype
- Has met User Acceptance Criteria (validated)
- Finalised Prototype & Content
- Assisted Digital needs considered and met (AD needs cannot be 100% met here but in Dev)
- Ongoing Analytics and User Research plan/spec
- PO approval - Evidence of User Research
Definition Of Done
Product Owner Approval
Front end HTML/CSS created
Dev space
Show & Tell
- Identification to whether the story is architecturally significant or not
- Include examples where necessary
- Screenshots, with relevant sections that are referred to in the story highlighted
- Correct Prototype attached (including Content)
- Understand dependencies if applicable
- Status Updated
- Reviewed and Approved by PO


amazon-chime-sdk
/
com.amazonaws.services.chime.sdk.meetings.utils
/
DefaultModality
/
MODALITY_SEPARATOR
MODALITY_SEPARATOR
const
val
MODALITY_SEPARATOR
:
String


Loading...
CAM 1
CAM 2
CAM 3
Original Stream
Analysed Stream
Advert Board [
Retail Dataset
]
Predicted
Room Analysis
00:
20
s
Frame Statistics
face
1 Faces


Lexus unveils LC 500 Convertible
Premium Japanese car brand Lexus are launching a new drop-top machine – the LC 500 Convertible – that looks as if it is going to be a seriously tasty offering.
by Chris RussonTHE wraps have come off the Lexus LC 500 Convertible – the first open-top car in the Japanese car maker’s portfolio for more than five years.
Unveiled at the Los Angeles Auto Show, the new Lexus machine will be available in the UK next September, with prices expected to be north of the £80,000 mark.
Based on the LC 500 Coupe, the convertible has a stiffened body to aid handling and a 2+2 seating arrangement. The hood can be opened and closed in around 15 seconds and at speeds of up to 30mph.
Powered by the same 5.0-litre V8 engine Lexus uses in the LC coupe, the convertible is expected to have similar performance with a 0-62mph time of less than five seconds and a top speed in excess of 160mph.
The engine is mated to a 10-speed automatic transmission and the car is fitted with a sound generator which transmits the engine note through the dashboard for extra thrill.
Lexus says it focussed on aerodynamic elements such as the beltline and rear moulding in creating the LC 500 Convertible and a transparent polycarbonate wind deflector is fitted to manage wind flow and maintain quietness in the cabin.
The company says this preserves the special feel of open-air driving while still making conversation possible.
The LC 500 Convertible is also equipped with Active Noise Control and benefits from sound insulation and absorption measures to suppress unwanted noise and other unpleasant sound frequencies.
Lexus’s first open top car in the UK was the SC 430, which was followed by a convertible of the IS model that was last produced in 2015.


The button will say: "Daanyaal is the best son ever"
Click Me
The button will say: "Shafaq is an okay daughter"


| Quota used: | ...% (...GB of ...GB remaining) |
| Rollover: | ... (... days left) |
| Average used: | ...MB per day |
| Average remaining: | ...MB per day |
| Service Id: | ... |
| Username: | ... |
| Plan: | ... |
| Plan interval: | |
| Plan cost: | $... |
| Carrier: | ... |
| Speed: | ... |
| Usage rating: | ... |
| Excess cost: | $.../MB |
| Excess charged: | ... |
| Excess shaped: | ... |
| Excess restrict access: | ... |
Version:


Kitchen Vertical Farm
Macsxperts Kitchen Vertical Farm offers a hassle free automated solution to grow leafy greens and vegetables in the comfort of your balcony/rooftops. Grow and live around green spaces, without having to worry about daily care of the plants.Urban Farming
One solution to address multiple urban problems of lack of greenery, low water and space availability, lack of time for
gardening and lack of fresh crunchy zero pesticide leafy greens.
Sustainable Agriculture
90% less water & land comparatively. Fresh home grown nutritious greens leads to low carbon footprint.
Plug and Play
Includes 6ft tower with 70ltr tank, Pump with timer, Net-pots, Clay pellets, Sample nutrients.
Vertical Farming
Grow 32 plants in just 4 sq ft ground area. Built for hydroponics soilless agriculture.
Environment Friendly
Food grade quality materials with premium finish.
Automation
Zero hassle. Add water once a week only!
What can be grown?
Perfect for growing leafy greens for salads including tomatoes and other vine crops. Transplant 1-2 week old seedlings and get a
full harvest in 4 weeks*
View the list of what can be grown
View the list of what can be grown
Grab yourself a Kitchen Vertical Farm @ 15,500 ₹
Includes 6ft tower with 70ltr tank, Pump with timer, Net-pots, Clay pellets, Sample nutrients, delivery and installation*
purchase now
* Conditions apply


Just a small town girl
Livin' in a lonely world
She took the midnight train
Goin' anywhere
Just a city boy
Born and raised in South Detroit
He took the midnight train
Goin' anywhere
A singer in a smokey room
The smell of wine and cheap perfume
For a smile they can share the night
It goes on and on and on and on
Strangers waiting
Up and down the boulevard
Their shadows searching
In the night
Streetlight people
Livin' just to find emotion
Hidin' somewhere in the night


Caprica Software
Sales
Richard Toole
Minion
Sales
Richard Toole
Minion
Sales
Richard Toole
Minion
Sales
Richard Toole
Minion
Noah Scruples
Minion


|
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object cetus.analysis.RangeDomain
public class RangeDomain
RangeDomain provides symbolic environment for symbolic expression
comparison. An object of this class keeps track of mapping from a symbol
to its corresponding expression that represents valid value range of the
symbol. It is guaranteed that, at each program point, this mapping is always
true. A range domain object is usually created after the range analysis but
an empty range domain is still useful as it can compare simple symbolic
values such as e
and e+1
.
The result of expression comparison is recorded in a Relation
object
and the relation provides check methods that return the relationship encoded
in the object.
Following example shows the usage of range domain when comparing two
expressions.
Suppose the range domain rd
was computed with range analysis
and rd
contains the specified value ranges.
Map<Statement, RangeDomain> range_map = RangeAnalysis.getRanges(proc); RangeDomain rd = range_map.get(stmt); // rd = { i=[1:10], j=[i:20] } Relation rel = rd.compare(i, j); // rel.isLE() will return true since i<=j<=20. // rel.isGT() will return false since i<=j<=20.
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
RangeDomain()
Constructs an empty range domain. |
|
RangeDomain(RangeDomain other)
Copy constructor |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
void |
clear()
Cleans up the fields of RangeDomain. |
RangeDomain |
clone()
Returns a clone of the range domain. |
Relation |
compare(Expression e1,
Expression e2)
Returns the relation between the two expressions under the constraints implied by the set of value ranges in the RangeDomain object. |
static Relation |
compare(Expression e1,
RangeDomain rd1,
Expression e2,
RangeDomain rd2)
Compares two expressions symbolically with the given range domain |
Domain |
diffStrong(Domain other)
Returns the result of strong difference. |
Domain |
diffWeak(Domain other)
Returns the result of weak difference. |
boolean |
encloses(Expression e1,
Expression e2)
|
boolean |
equals(Domain other)
Pairwise comparison between two RangeDomain objects. |
boolean |
equals(RangeDomain other)
|
int |
evaluateLogic(Expression e)
Evaluates the given logical expression using the constraints. |
Expression |
expandSymbol(Expression e,
Symbol var)
Eliminates all occurrences of the specified variable from the expression by replacing them with their value ranges. |
protected void |
expandSymbol(Symbol var)
|
Expression |
expandSymbols(Expression e,
java.util.Set<Symbol> vars)
Eliminates all occurrences of the specified variables from the expression by replacing them with their value ranges. |
protected Expression |
getForwardRange(Symbol var)
Returns the forward-substituted value of a variable from the ranges. |
Expression |
getRange(Symbol var)
Returns the value range for the specified variable. |
java.util.Set<Symbol> |
getSymbols()
Returns the set of variables whose value ranges are present. |
Domain |
intersect(Domain other)
Returns intersection of the two domains. |
static Expression |
intersectRanges(Expression e1,
RangeDomain rd1,
Expression e2,
RangeDomain rd2)
Computes the intersection of the two expressions with the given range domains. |
void |
intersectRanges(RangeDomain other)
Intersects two sets of value ranges using current range domain. |
boolean |
isEmptyRange(Expression e)
|
boolean |
isEQ(Expression e1,
Expression e2)
|
boolean |
isGE(Expression e1,
Expression e2)
|
boolean |
isGT(Expression e1,
Expression e2)
|
boolean |
isLE(Expression e1,
Expression e2)
|
boolean |
isLT(Expression e1,
Expression e2)
|
void |
kill(java.util.Set<Symbol> vars)
Kills the data containing the specified set of symbols. |
protected void |
killArraysWith(Symbol symbol)
|
void |
killGlobal()
Kills any ranges containing global variables. |
void |
killGlobalAnd(java.util.Set<Symbol> and)
Kills any ranges containing global variables and the specified set of variables. |
void |
killLocal()
Kill any var:range containing local variables. |
void |
killLocalExcept(java.util.Set<Symbol> except)
Kills any ranges containing local variables except for the specified set of variables. |
void |
killOrphan()
Kills any ranges containing variables from which Program node is not accessible. |
Domain |
merge(Domain other)
Returns merge of the two domains (join operation). |
void |
narrowRanges(RangeDomain other)
Narrows all value ranges of "other" range domain with this range domain. |
void |
removeRange(Symbol var)
Removes the value range for the specified variable. |
void |
removeRangeWith(java.util.Set<Symbol> vars)
Removes value ranges containing the specified set of symbols. |
void |
removeRangeWith(Symbol var)
Removes value ranges containing the specified variable including the range of the variable. |
protected void |
removeRecurrence()
|
void |
removeSymbols(java.util.Set vars)
Removes the ranges for the speicfied variables in the map by replacing them with their value ranges. |
Expression |
replaceSymbol(Expression e,
Symbol var,
Expression with)
Replace all occurrences of the specified variable in the given expression with the new expression. |
void |
replaceSymbol(Symbol var,
Expression with)
Replaces all occurrences of the specified variable in the map with the given expression. |
void |
setRange(Symbol var,
Expression value)
Updates the value range for the specified variable. |
int |
size()
Returns the number of value ranges in the map. |
void |
substituteForward()
|
Expression |
substituteForward(Expression e)
Substitute all occurrences of the symbols that appear in the expression. |
Expression |
substituteForward(Expression e,
java.util.Set<Symbol> vars)
Substitute all occrrences of the given set of symbols in the expression. |
Expression |
substituteForward(Expression e,
Symbol var)
Substitute all occurrences of the given symbol in the expression with its symbolic values. |
void |
substituteForwardRange()
|
Expression |
toExpression()
Converts this range domain to an equivalent logical expression. |
static RangeExpression |
toRange(Expression e)
|
java.lang.String |
toString()
Returns string for this range domain. |
Domain |
union(Domain other)
Returns union of the two domains if applicable. |
static Expression |
unionRanges(Expression e1,
RangeDomain rd1,
Expression e2,
RangeDomain rd2)
Computes the union of the two expressions with the given range domains. |
void |
unionRanges(RangeDomain other)
Merges two sets of value ranges using current range domain (union operation). |
void |
widenAffectedRanges(RangeDomain other,
java.util.Set<Symbol> vars)
Widens subset of value ranges in "other" that contains the specified symbols either in keys or in value ranges. |
void |
widenRanges(RangeDomain other)
Widens all value ranges of "other" range domain with this range domain. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait |
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public RangeDomain()
public RangeDomain(RangeDomain other)
other
- the original range domain| Method Detail |
|---|
public RangeDomain clone()
clone
in interface Domain
clone
in class java.lang.Object
public void clear()
public int size()
public void setRange(Symbol var, Expression value)
var
- the variable whose value range is updated.value
- the new value range of the variable.public Expression getRange(Symbol var)
var
- the variable whose value range is asked for.
public void removeRange(Symbol var)
var
- the variable whose value range is being removed.public void removeRangeWith(Symbol var)
public void removeRangeWith(java.util.Set<Symbol> vars)
public java.util.Set<Symbol> getSymbols()
public java.lang.String toString()
toString
in class java.lang.Object
public Expression toExpression()
public boolean isGT(Expression e1, Expression e2)
public boolean isGE(Expression e1, Expression e2)
public boolean isLT(Expression e1, Expression e2)
public boolean isLE(Expression e1, Expression e2)
public boolean isEQ(Expression e1, Expression e2)
public Relation compare(Expression e1, Expression e2)
e1
- the first expression being comparede2
- the second expression being compared
Relation
that stores the result of comparisonpublic static Relation compare(Expression e1, RangeDomain rd1, Expression e2, RangeDomain rd2)
e1
- first expressionrd1
- first range domaine2
- second expressionrd2
- second range domain
Relation
of the two expressionspublic int evaluateLogic(Expression e)
e
- the logical expression.
protected Expression getForwardRange(Symbol var)
var
- the variable whose value is asked for
public Expression substituteForward(Expression e, Symbol var)
e
- the expression to be substituted.var
- the symbol to be replaced.
public Expression substituteForward(Expression e, java.util.Set<Symbol> vars)
e
- the expression to be substituted.vars
- the set of symbols to be replaced.
public Expression substituteForward(Expression e)
e
- the expression to be substituted.public void substituteForward()
public void substituteForwardRange()
protected void removeRecurrence()
protected void killArraysWith(Symbol symbol)
public void removeSymbols(java.util.Set vars)
vars
- the set of variables being removedpublic void replaceSymbol(Symbol var, Expression with)
var
- the variable being replacedwith
- the expression being replaced withpublic Expression replaceSymbol(Expression e, Symbol var, Expression with)
e
- the expression being modifiedvar
- the variable being replacedwith
- the new expression being replaced withprotected void expandSymbol(Symbol var)
public Expression expandSymbols(Expression e, java.util.Set<Symbol> vars)
public Expression expandSymbol(Expression e, Symbol var)
public void intersectRanges(RangeDomain other)
other
- the range domain intersected withpublic void unionRanges(RangeDomain other)
other
- the range domain merged withpublic void widenRanges(RangeDomain other)
other
- value ranges being widenedpublic void widenAffectedRanges(RangeDomain other, java.util.Set<Symbol> vars)
other
- the range domain containing widening operandsvars
- set of symbols that trigger wideningpublic void narrowRanges(RangeDomain other)
other
- value ranges being narrowed.public static Expression intersectRanges(Expression e1, RangeDomain rd1, Expression e2, RangeDomain rd2)
e1
- first expressionrd1
- first range domaine2
- second expressionrd2
- second range domain
public static Expression unionRanges(Expression e1, RangeDomain rd1, Expression e2, RangeDomain rd2)
e1
- first expressionrd1
- first range domaine2
- second expressionrd2
- second range domain
public static RangeExpression toRange(Expression e)
public boolean isEmptyRange(Expression e)
public boolean encloses(Expression e1, Expression e2)
public Domain union(Domain other)
Domain
union
in interface Domain
other
- the domain to be unioned.
public Domain merge(Domain other)
Domain
merge
in interface Domain
other
- the domain to be merged.
public Domain intersect(Domain other)
Domain
intersect
in interface Domain
other
- the domain to be intersected.
public Domain diffStrong(Domain other)
Domain
diffStrong
in interface Domain
other
- the domain to be subtracted.
public Domain diffWeak(Domain other)
Domain
diffWeak
in interface Domain
other
- the domain to be subtracted.
public void kill(java.util.Set<Symbol> vars)
Domain
kill
in interface Domain
vars
- the input set of symbols.public boolean equals(RangeDomain other)
public boolean equals(Domain other)
equals
in interface Domain
other
- the RangeDomain object being compared to this object.
public void killLocal()
public void killLocalExcept(java.util.Set<Symbol> except)
public void killGlobal()
public void killGlobalAnd(java.util.Set<Symbol> and)
public void killOrphan()
|
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


pegski
#teamAttachable
#weCamp16
Merlijn
Writing code is awesome, but I learned I am not a developer anymore
Pim
Developing and Facilitating, I love both but have to choose one
Roxana
Learned new technologies, got to write some code and enhanced my creativity
Tobby
Focus on the task and not get distracted
Renato
Trust in people is the best agile tool
Jelrik
Being useful isn't always being present, the art of letting go


Use row-by-row labeling algorithm to label connected components. The algorithm makes two passes over the image: one pass to record equivalences and assign temporary labels and the second to replace each temporary label by the label of its equivalence class. Based on Linda G. Shapiro, Computer Vision: Theory and Applications. (3.4 Connected Components Labeling), Rosenfeld and Pfaltz (1966). More...
#include <connected_components.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| valarray< int > | compactLabeling () |
| Rearrange the labels to make the label numbers consecutive. More... | |
| connected_components (valarray< int > m, int rows, int cols, bool zeroAsBg) | |
| Constructor that initializes the private member variables. More... | |
| void | constructBinaryImages (int robotsLabel) |
| Create binary arrays of connected labels. More... | |
| int | getMaxLabel () |
| Get the max label of the labeling process which is in the range [0,max_label]. More... | |
| vector< int > | labeling () |
| Label the connected components. More... | |
| valarray< float > | NormalizedEuclideanDistanceBinary (bool RobotR) |
| Calculate the normalized euclidean distance transform of a binary image with foreground pixels set to 1 and background set to 0. More... | |
| int | uf_find (int x, vector< int > parent, vector< int > &label) |
| Return the root label (starts from 1 because label array is initialized to 0 at first). The label array records the new label for every root. More... | |
| void | uf_union (int x, int y, vector< int > &parent) |
| Combine two labels. More... | |
Private Member Functions | |
| void | DT1D (vector< float > f, vector< float > &d, vector< int > &v, vector< float > &z) |
| DT1D. More... | |
| vector< float > | getVector (valarray< float > A, int row) |
| Get a slice of an array. More... | |
Private Attributes | |
| valarray< int > | BinaryNonRobot |
| Binary array of the labels not assigned to a robot. More... | |
| valarray< int > | BinaryRobot |
| Binary array of the label assigned to a robot. More... | |
| int | cols |
| Number of columns of the image. More... | |
| vector< int > | image |
| The image to perform the labeling on. More... | |
| valarray< int > | label2d |
| Array of labels. More... | |
| int | next_label = 1 |
| The current label ID. More... | |
| int | rows |
| Number of rows of the image. More... | |
| bool | zeroAsBg |
| Whether 0 should be considered or not. More... | |
Use row-by-row labeling algorithm to label connected components. The algorithm makes two passes over the image: one pass to record equivalences and assign temporary labels and the second to replace each temporary label by the label of its equivalence class. Based on Linda G. Shapiro, Computer Vision: Theory and Applications. (3.4 Connected Components Labeling), Rosenfeld and Pfaltz (1966).
Definition at line 14 of file connected_components.h.
| connected_components::connected_components | ( | valarray< int > | m, |
| int | rows, | ||
| int | cols, | ||
| bool | zeroAsBg | ||
| ) |
Constructor that initializes the private member variables.
| m | The matrix containing the data to label. |
| rows | Number of rows in the matrix. |
| cols | Number of columns in the matrix. |
| zeroAsBg | Whether 0 represents background and is ignored. |
Definition at line 3 of file connected_components.cpp.
| valarray< int > connected_components::compactLabeling | ( | ) |
Rearrange the labels to make the label numbers consecutive.
Definition at line 11 of file connected_components.cpp.
| void connected_components::constructBinaryImages | ( | int | robotsLabel | ) |
Create binary arrays of connected labels.
| robotsLabel | The label to create the binary array for. |
Definition at line 138 of file connected_components.cpp.
|
private |
| int connected_components::getMaxLabel | ( | ) |
Get the max label of the labeling process which is in the range [0,max_label].
Definition at line 41 of file connected_components.cpp.
|
private |
Get a slice of an array.
| A | The array to take the slice from. |
| row | The index of the slice to take. |
Definition at line 231 of file connected_components.cpp.
| vector< int > connected_components::labeling | ( | ) |
Label the connected components.
Definition at line 46 of file connected_components.cpp.
| valarray< float > connected_components::NormalizedEuclideanDistanceBinary | ( | bool | RobotR | ) |
Calculate the normalized euclidean distance transform of a binary image with foreground pixels set to 1 and background set to 0.
| RobotR | Whether to compute the distances to the robot. |
Definition at line 155 of file connected_components.cpp.
| int connected_components::uf_find | ( | int | x, |
| vector< int > | parent, | ||
| vector< int > & | label | ||
| ) |
Return the root label (starts from 1 because label array is initialized to 0 at first). The label array records the new label for every root.
| x | The label to start the search from. |
| parent | The label hierarchy. |
| label | The vector of labels. |
Definition at line 126 of file connected_components.cpp.
| void connected_components::uf_union | ( | int | x, |
| int | y, | ||
| vector< int > & | parent | ||
| ) |
Combine two labels.
| x | The first label. |
| y | The second label. |
| parent | The label hierarchy. |
Definition at line 113 of file connected_components.cpp.
|
private |
Binary array of the labels not assigned to a robot.
Definition at line 106 of file connected_components.h.
|
private |
Binary array of the label assigned to a robot.
Definition at line 101 of file connected_components.h.
|
private |
Number of columns of the image.
Definition at line 116 of file connected_components.h.
|
private |
The image to perform the labeling on.
Definition at line 126 of file connected_components.h.
|
private |
Array of labels.
Definition at line 96 of file connected_components.h.
|
private |
The current label ID.
Definition at line 121 of file connected_components.h.
|
private |
Number of rows of the image.
Definition at line 111 of file connected_components.h.
|
private |
Whether 0 should be considered or not.
Definition at line 131 of file connected_components.h.


The juneau-config library contains a powerful API for creating and using INI-style config files.
| # A set of entries
| [Section1]
|
| # An integer
| key1 = 1
|
| # A boolean
| key2 = true
|
| # An array
| key3 = 1,2,3
|
| # A POJO
| key4 = http://bar
Config files are accessed through the {@link oaj.config.Config} class which
are created through the {@link oaj.config.Config.Builder} class.
Builder creator methods are provided on the Config class:
| // Create a Config object
| Config config = Config.create().name("MyConfig.cfg").build();
|
| // Read values from section #1
| int key1 = config.getInt("Section1/key1");
| boolean key2 = config.getBoolean("Section1/key2");
| int[] key3 = config.getObject("Section1/key3", int[].class);
| URL key4 = config.getObject("Section1/key4", URL.class);
The config language may look simple but it is a very powerful feature with many capabilities.


WITNESS LIST
Finance
March 19, 2015 9:00 AM
FOR:
Cushing, Blair medical student (Texas Academy of Family Physicians & Texas
Osteopathic Medical Society), Fort Worth, TX
Milligan, Maureen Teaching Hospitals of Texas (also providing written testimony)
(Teaching Hospitals of Texas)
ON:
Floyd, Beaman Lobbyist/Legislative Consultant (Texas Coalition for Affordable Insurance
Solutions)
Meroney, Shannon lobbyist - Meroney Public Affairs (also providing written testimony)
(AFACT (Assoc of Fire & Casualty Insurers of TX)), Austin, TX
Thompson, Jay Lawyer (also providing written testimony) (TMLIUA (JUA))
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Abbott, Nicole Executive Director, TXACP (Texas Chapter of the American College of
Physicians (TXACP)), Austin, TX
Banda, Jennifer (Texas Hospital Association), Austin, TX
Dudensing, Jamie CEO (Texas Association of Health Plans)
Garcia, Eileen CEO of Texans Care (Texans Care for Children), Austin
Garza, Ramiro Edinburg City Manager (City of Edinburg), Edinburg, TX
Hernandez, Sofia (Doctors Hospital at Renaissance)
Jones, Max Government Affairs Manager (The Greater Houston Partnership), Houston, TX
Reynolds, David Executive Director (Texas Osteopathic Medical Association), Austin, TX
Rodriguez, Olga Deputy Director (Texas Association of Community Health Centers),
Austin
Romero, Michelle Associate Director of Advocacy (Texas Medical Association), Austin,
TX
Saenz, Gabriela Attorney/VP Gov't Affairs (CHRISTUS HEALTH)
Salinas, Nelson Govt. Affairs Manager (Texas Assoc. of Business), Austin, TX
Travis, Clayton Policy Coordinator (Texas Pediatric Society), Austin
Vasek, Heather Analyst (Doctor's Hospital at Renaissance (Edinburg))
ON:
Buck, Stan Exec. Director - JUA (JUA), Austin, TX
Clark, Nancy Chief Financial Officer (Texas Department of Insurance)
Silverman, Dr. Stacey Deputy Assistant Commissioner (Texas Higher Education
Coordinating Board), Austin, TX
Walker, Jamie Associate Commissioner for Licensing Services (Texas Department of
Insurance)
Woods, Joe Gov. Affairs (Property Casualty Insurers Assn. of America), Austin, TX
Worman, Mark Manager of Personal & Commercial Lines Office (Texas Department of
Insurance)
WITNESS LIST
Finance
March 19, 2015 9:00 AM
Providing written testimony:
ON:
Martin, Paul Director - State Affairs (National Assn. of Mutual Insurance Companies),
ATX


Woohoo! Welcome to the [site:name] community!
There's just one more step you need to do. You'll need to click the button below to activate your account and set your password.
After setting your password, you will be able to log in at [site:login-url] in the future using:
Username: [user:name],
Password: Whatever you set after clicking the following button:
-- [site:name] team


public abstract class Flash
extends java.lang.Object
implements java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Object>
The Flash concept is taken from Ruby on Rails and provides a way to pass temporary objects between the user views generated by the faces lifecycle. As in Rails, anything one places in the flash will be exposed to the next view encountered by the same user session and then cleared out. It is important to note that “next view” may have the same view id as the previous view.
Implementation Requirements
The flash is a session scoped object that must be thread safe.
The implementation requirements will be described in terms of the
runtime traversing the Jakarta Server Faces lifecycle. The flash exposes a
Map
interface over two logical maps. The choice of
which logical map is accessed depends on the current faces lifecycle
phase. One logical map is for the current traversal and the other is
for the next traversal. During the execute portion of the lifecycle,
all flash accesses are sent to the current traversal map. During the
render portion of the lifecycle, all flash accesses are sent to the
next traversal map. On the next traversal through the lifecycle, the
implementation must ensure that the current traversal map is the next
traversal map of the previous traversal. Here is an example for
illustration purposes only.
Consider an initial request to the faces lifecycle
Traversal N, execute phase: skipped on initial request.
Traversal N, render phase: flash access goes to flash[N].
Traversal N+1, execute phase: flash access goes to flash[N].
Traversal N+1, render phase: flash access goes to flash[N+1].
The implementation must ensure the proper behaviour of the flash
is preserved even in the case of a
<navigation-case>
that contains a
<redirect />
. The implementation must ensure the
proper behavior of the flash is preserved even in the case of
adjacent GET requests on the same session. This allows Faces
applications to fully utilize the “Post/Redirect/Get”
design pattern.
The implementation must allow the user to access the flash via the
Jakarta Expression Language implicit object flash
and also via ExternalContext.getFlash()
. The implementation must
ensure that the flash is usable from both Jakarta Server Pages and from Facelets for
Jakarta Server Faces 2. In addition to exposing the Map
interface, there
are several features exposed as methods on the Flash
itself. Each of these features may be accessed via Jakarta Expression Language as well,
as described in the javadocs.
Jakarta Expression Language Usage Example
First page
  <c:set target="#{flash}" property="foo" value="fooValue" />
Next page
  <h:outputText value="#{flash.foo}" /> will be "fooValue" without the quotes.
The same usage syntax must be available in Jakarta Server Pages.
Note that extra action must be taken when using the flash in
concert with output components that cause the browser to issue a GET
request when clicked, such as h:button
and
h:link
. The following example illustrates one way to
use the flash in such circumstances.
First page
<h:button id="nextButton" value="Next (button)" outcome="next.xhtml"> <f:param name="foo" value="bar"/> </h:button>
Next page
 <f:metadata> <f:viewParam name="foo" id="foo" value="#{flash.now.foo}" /> </f:metadata>  foo = #{flash.foo}
Note that this example uses #{flash.now}
on the
second page. This is because the value doesn't actuall enter the
flash until the server is processing the GET request sent by the
browser due to the button being clicked.
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static java.lang.String |
NULL_VALUE
Because |
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
Flash() |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
abstract void |
doPostPhaseActions(FacesContext ctx)
Called after the execution of every lifecycle phase, this method allows implementations to take the necessary actions to provide the Flash scope contract as it applies to the request procesing lifecycle. |
abstract void |
doPrePhaseActions(FacesContext ctx)
Called before the execution of every lifecycle phase, this method allows implementations to take the necessary actions to provide the Flash scope contract as it applies to the request procesing lifecycle. |
abstract boolean |
isKeepMessages()
Return the value of this JavaBeans property for the flash for this session. |
abstract boolean |
isRedirect()
Return the value of this property for the flash for this session. |
abstract void |
keep(java.lang.String key)
Causes a value stored with a
previous call to |
abstract void |
putNow(java.lang.String key,
java.lang.Object value)
Puts a value in the flash so that it can be accessed on this traversal of the lifecycle, rather than on the next traversal. |
abstract void |
setKeepMessages(boolean newValue)
Setter for |
abstract void |
setRedirect(boolean newValue)
Setting this property to
|
public static final java.lang.String NULL_VALUE
Because null
values are not allowed as the source for subclasses of EventObject
,
such as PostKeepFlashValueEvent
and PostPutFlashValueEvent
,
this value is substituted for null
as the source in the case when a
null
value is put to or kept in the flash.
public abstract boolean isKeepMessages()
Return the value of this JavaBeans
property for the flash for this session. This value determines
whether or not any FacesMessage
instances queued in the current FacesContext
must be preserved so they are
accessible on the next traversal of the lifecycle on this
session, regardless of the request being a redirect after post,
or a normal postback. Map
accesses for the special
key “keepMessages
” must return the value
of this JavaBeans property.
Jakarta Expression Language Usage Example
First page
  <c:set target="#{flash}" property="keepMessages" value="true" />
Next page
  <h:messages /> Any messages present on the first page must be displayed on this page.
public abstract void setKeepMessages(boolean newValue)
Setter for keepMessages
JavaBeans property. See isKeepMessages()
.
newValue
- the new value for this property on this session.public abstract boolean isRedirect()
Return the value of this property
for the flash for this session. This must be false
unless:
setRedirect(boolean)
was called for the current
lifecycle traversal with true
as the
argument.
The current lifecycle traversal for this session is in the
“execute” phase and the previous traversal had setRedirect(boolean)
called with true
as the
argument.
public abstract void setRedirect(boolean newValue)
Setting this property to
true
indicates that the next request on this session
will be a redirect. Recall that on a redirect, the server sends
a special response to the client instructing it to issue a new
request to a specific URI. The implementation must insure that
reading the value of this property on that request will return
true
.
Jakarta Expression Language Usage Example
  <c:set target="#{flash}" property="redirect" value="true" />
newValue
- the new value for this property on this session.public abstract void putNow(java.lang.String key, java.lang.Object value)
Puts a value in the flash so that it can be accessed on this traversal of the lifecycle, rather than on the next traversal. This is simply an alias for putting a value in the request map.
Jakarta Expression Language Usage Example
  <c:set target="#{flash.now}" property="bar" value="barValue" />
Value of \#{flash.now.bar}, should be barValue.
 <h:outputText value="#{flash.now.bar}" />
key
- the key for this entryvalue
- the value for this entrypublic abstract void keep(java.lang.String key)
Causes a value stored with a
previous call to putNow(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object)
, its Jakarta Expression Language equivalent, or to the
request Map
, to be promoted to the flash so that is
available on the next traversal through the lifecycle on this
session.
key
- if argument key
is the name of an entry
previously stored to the flash on this traversal through the
lifecycle via a call to putNow(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object)
, or to a set to the EL
expression #{flash.now.<key>}
, or to the
request Map
, to be promoted to the flash as if a call
to put()
or a set to the expression
#{flash.<key>}
was being called.public abstract void doPrePhaseActions(FacesContext ctx)
Called before the execution of every lifecycle phase, this method allows implementations to take the necessary actions to provide the Flash scope contract as it applies to the request procesing lifecycle.
ctx
- the FacesContext
for this request.public abstract void doPostPhaseActions(FacesContext ctx)
Called after the execution of every lifecycle phase, this method allows implementations to take the necessary actions to provide the Flash scope contract as it applies to the request procesing lifecycle.
ctx
- the FacesContext
for this request.


| 008:005 Khan | : |
As your Lord caused you (O Muhammad SAW) to go out from your home with the truth, and verily, a party among the believers disliked it; |
| 008:005 Maulana | : |
Even as thy Lord caused thee to go forth from thy house with truth, though a party of the believers were surely averse, |
| 008:005 Pickthal | : |
Even as thy Lord caused thee (Muhammad) to go forth from thy home with the Truth, and lo! a party of the believers were averse (to it). |
| 008:005 Rashad | : |
Then your Lord willed that you leave your home, to fulfill a specific plan, some believers became exposed as reluctant believers. |
| 008:005 Sarwar | : |
A group among the believers dislike (God's decree about the booty captured in war) as well as His command that you come out of your home for a truthful purpose (to fight for justice). |
| 008:005 Shakir | : |
Even as your Lord caused you to go forth from your house with the truth, though a party of the believers were surely averse; |
| 008:005 Sherali | : |
This is because thy Lord has brought thee forth from thy house for a righteous purpose while a party of the believers were quite averse to it. |
| 008:005 Yusufali | : |
Just as thy Lord ordered thee out of thy house in truth, even though a party among the Believers disliked it, |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > (محمد (صلى الله عليه وسلم > مآثره وخصائصه لله Pillars of Islam> The Blessed Muhammad(PBUH)> Memorable Qualities given to Him by Allah الجهاد > الغزوات > غزوة بدر Jihad> The Holy Battles> Bader Battle الجهاد > نتائج الحرب > من أسباب النصر > الفضل الإلهي Jihad> The War Results> Of the Reasons of Victory> The Divine Excess Favour
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


-
getData()
-
Get the raw data from the currently selected dataset.
Returns:
the data of the currently selected dataset.
-
Type
-
TypedArray
-
atPoint(x, y)
-
Query the raw raster data at the specified coordinates.
Parameters:
| Name |
Type |
Description |
x |
Number
|
the x coordinate |
y |
Number
|
the y coordinate |
Returns:
the value at the specified coordinates
-
Type
-
Number
-
setData(data, width, height)
-
Set the raw raster data to be rendered. This creates a new unnamed dataset.
Parameters:
| Name |
Type |
Description |
data |
TypedArray
|
the raw raster data. This can be a typed array of
any type, but will be coerced to Float32Array when
beeing rendered. |
width |
int
|
the width of the raster image |
height |
int
|
the height of the data |
-
addDataset(id, data, width, height)
-
Add a new named dataset. The semantics are the same as with @see setData.
Parameters:
| Name |
Type |
Description |
id |
string
|
the identifier for the dataset. |
data |
TypedArray
|
the raw raster data. This can be a typed array of
any type, but will be coerced to Float32Array when
beeing rendered. |
width |
int
|
the width of the raster image |
height |
int
|
the height of the data |
-
setCurrentDataset(id)
-
Set the current dataset to be rendered.
Parameters:
| Name |
Type |
Description |
id |
string
|
the identifier of the dataset to be rendered. |
-
removeDataset(id)
-
Remove the dataset.
Parameters:
| Name |
Type |
Description |
id |
string
|
the identifier of the dataset to be removed. |
-
datasetAvailable(id)
-
Check if the dataset is available.
Parameters:
| Name |
Type |
Description |
id |
string
|
the identifier of the dataset to check. |
Returns:
whether or not a dataset with that identifier is defined
-
Type
-
Boolean
-
getColorScaleImage()
-
Retrieve the rendered color scale image.
Returns:
the canvas or image element
for the rendered color scale
-
Type
-
HTMLCanvasElement
|
HTMLImageElement
-
setCanvas( [canvas])
-
Set the canvas to draw to. When no canvas is supplied, a new canvas element
is created.
Parameters:
| Name |
Type |
Argument |
Description |
canvas |
HTMLCanvasElement
|
<optional>
|
the canvas element to render to. |
-
setDomain(domain)
-
Set the new value domain for the rendering.
Parameters:
| Name |
Type |
Description |
domain |
Array.<float>
|
the value domain range in the form [low, high] |
-
setDisplayRange(view)
-
Set the display range that will be rendered, values outside of the range
will not be rendered (transparent)
Parameters:
| Name |
Type |
Description |
view |
Array.<float>
|
range array in the form [min, max] |
-
getCanvas()
-
Get the canvas that is currently rendered to.
Returns:
the canvas that is currently rendered to.
-
Type
-
HTMLCanvasElement
-
setColorScale(name)
-
Set the currently selected color scale.
Parameters:
| Name |
Type |
Description |
name |
string
|
the name of the colorscale. Must be registered. |
-
setClamp(clampLow, clampHigh)
-
Set the clamping for the lower and the upper border of the values. When
clamping is enabled for either side, the values below or above will be
clamped to the minimum/maximum color.
Parameters:
| Name |
Type |
Description |
clampLow |
Boolean
|
whether or not the minimum shall be clamped. |
clampHigh |
Boolean
|
whether or not the maxmimum shall be clamped.
defaults to clampMin. |
-
setColorScaleImage(colorScaleImage)
-
Set the currently selected color scale as an image or canvas.
Parameters:
| Name |
Type |
Description |
colorScaleImage |
HTMLCanvasElement
|
HTMLImageElement
|
the new color
scale image |
-
setNoDataValue(noDataValue)
-
Set the no-data-value: a special value that will be rendered transparent.
Parameters:
| Name |
Type |
Description |
noDataValue |
float
|
the no-data-value. Use null to clear a
previously set no-data-value. |
-
render()
-
Render the map to the specified canvas with the given settings.
-
renderDataset(id)
-
Render the specified dataset with the current settings.
Parameters:
| Name |
Type |
Description |
id |
string
|
the identifier of the dataset to render. |
-
getColor(val)
-
Get the color for the specified value.
Parameters:
| Name |
Type |
Description |
val |
flaot
|
the value to query the color for. |
Returns:
the 4-tuple: red, green, blue, alpha in the range 0-255.
-
Type
-
Array
-
setExpression(expression)
-
Sets a mathematical expression to be evaluated on the plot. Expression can contain mathematical operations with integer/float values, dataset identifiers or GLSL supported functions with a single parameter.
Supported mathematical operations are: add '+', subtract '-', multiply '*', divide '/', power '**', unary plus '+a', unary minus '-a'.
Useful GLSL functions are for example: radians, degrees, sin, asin, cos, acos, tan, atan, log2, log, sqrt, exp2, exp, abs, sign, floor, ceil, fract.
Parameters:
| Name |
Type |
Description |
expression |
string
|
Mathematical expression. Example: '-2 * sin(3.1415 - dataset1) ** 2' |


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Professor Pepper is an interactive HTML5 Canvas game prototype I created. The video to the left shows a clip of what the gameplay looks like. To play the game yourself, visit Project Details Animation done in Adobe Animate Development tools: HTML5, javaScript Illustrations done in Adobe Illustrator


Mexico City, Mexico
National Center for the Arts (CENART)
This architectural wonder of Mexico City houses several art schools and national research centers.
by linkogeckoConstructed in 1994 to complement several of Mexico City’s public art schools, the Centro Nacional de las Artes, or CENART is located in the city’s mid-south region. Its design is patterned after a local version of modern minimalist architecture.
This technique, based on the early 20th-century art movement known as the Tapatía Architecture School, is characterized by bulky geometric features, airy interiors, and bright colors. This style is probably best exemplified by the work of Pritzker Prize-winning architect Luis Barragán, who taught at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. Among his students was Ricardo Legorreta Vilchis, whose firm Legorreta Arquitectos designed a majority of CENART.
Often considered Barragán’s successor, Legorreta used elements of his teacher’s style, but modernized them and adapted them to a larger scale. Legorreta is considered responsible for the orange-and-purple research tower, as well as the Library of the Arts and a majority of the common areas. The glass and metal semi-cylinder of the National Drama School fell under the purview of Enrique Norten. Luis Vicente Flores was responsible for the conical National Contemporary and Classical Dance School. Teodoro González de León’s brutalist influences are on full display in the Superior School of Music’s architecture.
In between all these artistic institutions, CENART’s gardens offer a respite of greenery for visitors and students. They also offer a chromatic complement to the bright pink, purple, and earth tones of the folkloric modernism of the buildings.
 Events are varied and it's open to the public for most of the day, every day. It's recommended to check the website before visiting to get an idea of the day's schedule.
Visit Mexico City with Atlas Obscura Trips
Layer by Layer: A Mexico City Culinary Adventure
Immerse yourself in the complex cultural identity of Mexico City through its street food, bustling markets, and well-seasoned history of gastronomic traditions.
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Aliens (1986)
Grade: 86
Director James Cameron does well with action films starring tough, strong-willed female leads. "Aliens", the long-delayed sequel to 1979's "Alien", was worth the wait since it was an ideal project for Cameron's strengths, and likely would have been a lesser film if directed by anyone else.
"Aliens" picks up 57 years after the first film left off. Ripley (Sigourney Weaver) has been in living in suspended animation in a spaceship sleeping chamber, until rescued by a salvage team. No one really believes her story about the murderous alien with acid for blood, until contact is lost with a colony on the same planet that Ripley had battled the alien.
Ripley is sent as an advisor on a rescue mission to the planet, along with android Bishop (Lance Henriksen), creepy 'company man' Paul Reiser, and a crew of wisecracking, gung-ho Marines. They soon encounter the colony's only survivor, a little girl nicknamed Newt (Carrie Henn). Of course, they find the aliens as well, which are disgusting, frightening and ubiquitous.
As in the first film, Weaver is most impressive as Ripley, whose character should be out of her element, but always proves to be tougher (and smarter) than those around her. Even when Ripley's actions are wildly risk-taking (especially when rescuing Newt at film's end) her actions seems credible. Credit is due first to Weaver, then to Cameron, and then to the special effects department for making those nasty aliens look so convincing.
In addition to the tense and frequent action scenes, "Aliens" is interesting for its psychological aspects. Ripley, who is a loner by nature, not only conquers the aliens, but builds for herself a substitute family. Newt becomes her daughter, Michael Biehn her husband, and Bishop her father. As in "Alien", there is a sabotaging character (Reiser). My favorite supporting character, though, is the whiner (Bill Paxton), who provides the sole comic relief. Henn acts very well for a little kid.
"Aliens" was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Actress (Weaver). Its only Oscar was for Best Visual Effects, but perhaps it should have won for the great sets (Peter Lamont, Crispian Sallis) as well.
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>http://members.tripod.com/~Brian_Koller/movies.html
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Welcome to Wubrig's EDH / Commander Cube Generator.
Enter your commanders and press Generate Cube to create a card list for your EDH cube!
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1. Toast spices: Add spices to pressure cooker. Use the "brown" or similar setting at about 350 degrees F or less for about 5 minutes. Set aside. 2. Sear Veggies: Add oil to pressure cooker. Place onions and ginger face-side down in pressure cooker. Use the "brown" or similar setting at about 350 degrees F for about 10-15 minutes. Try not to move the veggies much while browing to form a crust of sorts. When onions/ginger are browned, add garlic, cook for a few minutes. 3. Make broth: Add a couple cups of the water to the pressure cooker, scrape bottom of pan with spatula. Add sugar, fish sauce, and salt - mix, add more of the water if desired.  Add cilantro around chicken. Add rest of water. Rearrange contents until chicken is completely submerged. Cook under high pressure for 12 minutes - natural pressure release for 20 minutes (I like to make rice noodles as per their instructions near the end of this time), then quick pressure release remaining pressure. Remove chicken. Strain broth from pressure cooker into bowl (don't need the stuff you strain out). Remove chicken skin and cut/rip apart when not too hot. 4. Serve: Add rice noodles to bowls. Add desired chicken and veggies. Add broth to bowls. Squeeze desired lime juice into broth.