Table Of Contents
Properties¶
The Properties classes are used when you create an
EventDispatcher
.
警告
Kivy’s Properties are not to be confused with Python’s
properties (i.e. the @property
decorator and the <property> type).
Kivy’s property classes support:
- Value Checking / Validation
- When you assign a new value to a property, the value is checked against validation constraints. For example, validation for an
OptionProperty
will make sure that the value is in a predefined list of possibilities. Validation for aNumericProperty
will check that your value is a numeric type. This prevents many errors early on.- Observer Pattern
- You can specify what should happen when a property’s value changes. You can bind your own function as a callback to changes of a
Property
.  Better Memory Management
- The same instance of a property is shared across multiple widget instances.
Comparison Python vs. Kivy¶
Basic example¶
Let’s compare Python and Kivy properties by creating a Python class with ‘a’ as a float property:
class MyClass(object):
def __init__(self, a=1.0):
super(MyClass, self).__init__()
self.a = a
With Kivy, you can do:
class MyClass(EventDispatcher):
a = NumericProperty(1.0)
Depth being tracked¶
Only the “top level” of a nested object is being tracked. For example:
my_list_prop = ListProperty([1, {'hi': 0}])
# Changing a top level element will trigger all `on_my_list_prop` callbacks
my_list_prop[0] = 4
# Changing a deeper element will be ignored by all `on_my_list_prop` callbacks
my_list_prop[1]['hi'] = 4
The same holds true for all container-type kivy properties.
Value checking¶
If you wanted to add a check for a minimum / maximum value allowed for a property, here is a possible implementation in Python:
class MyClass(object):
def __init__(self, a=1):
super(MyClass, self).__init__()
self.a_min = 0
self.a_max = 100
self.a = a
def _get_a(self):
return self._a
def _set_a(self, value):
if value < self.a_min or value > self.a_max:
raise ValueError('a out of bounds')
self._a = value
a = property(_get_a, _set_a)
The disadvantage is you have to do that work yourself. And it becomes laborious and complex if you have many properties. With Kivy, you can simplify the process:
class MyClass(EventDispatcher):
a = BoundedNumericProperty(1, min=0, max=100)
That’s all!
Error Handling¶
If setting a value would otherwise raise a ValueError, you have two options to handle the error gracefully within the property. The first option is to use an errorvalue parameter. An errorvalue is a substitute for the invalid value:
# simply returns 0 if the value exceeds the bounds
bnp = BoundedNumericProperty(0, min=-500, max=500, errorvalue=0)
The second option in to use an errorhandler parameter. An errorhandler is a callable (single argument function or lambda) which can return a valid substitute:
# returns the boundary value when exceeded
bnp = BoundedNumericProperty(0, min=-500, max=500,
errorhandler=lambda x: 500 if x > 500 else -500)
Keyword arguments and __init__()¶
When working with inheritance, namely with the __init__() of an object that
inherits from EventDispatcher
e.g. a
Widget
, the properties protect
you from a Python 3 object error. This error occurs when passing kwargs to the
object instance through a super() call:
class MyClass(EventDispatcher):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(MyClass, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.my_string = kwargs.get('my_string')
print(MyClass(my_string='value').my_string)
While this error is silenced in Python 2, it will stop the application in Python 3 with:
TypeError: object.__init__() takes no parameters
Logically, to fix that you’d either put my_string directly in the __init__() definition as a required argument or as an optional keyword argument with a default value i.e.:
class MyClass(EventDispatcher):
def __init__(self, my_string, **kwargs):
super(MyClass, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.my_string = my_string
or:
class MyClass(EventDispatcher):
def __init__(self, my_string='default', **kwargs):
super(MyClass, self).__init__(**kwargs)
self.my_string = my_string
Alternatively, you could pop the key-value pair from the kwargs dictionary before calling super():
class MyClass(EventDispatcher):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
self.my_string = kwargs.pop('my_string')
super(MyClass, self).__init__(**kwargs)
Kivy properties are more flexible and do the required kwargs.pop()
in the background automatically (within the super() call
to EventDispatcher
) to prevent this distraction:
class MyClass(EventDispatcher):
my_string = StringProperty('default')
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(MyClass, self).__init__(**kwargs)
print(MyClass(my_string='value').my_string)
Conclusion¶
Kivy properties are easier to use than the standard ones. See the next chapter for examples of how to use them :)
Observe Property changes¶
As we said in the beginning, Kivy’s Properties implement the Observer pattern. That means you can
bind()
to a property and have your own
function called when the value changes.
There are multiple ways to observe the changes.
Observe using bind()¶
You can observe a property change by using the bind() method outside of the class:
class MyClass(EventDispatcher):
a = NumericProperty(1)
def callback(instance, value):
print('My callback is call from', instance)
print('and the a value changed to', value)
ins = MyClass()
ins.bind(a=callback)
# At this point, any change to the a property will call your callback.
ins.a = 5 # callback called
ins.a = 5 # callback not called, because the value did not change
ins.a = -1 # callback called
注釈
Property objects live at the class level and manage the values attached to instances. Re-assigning at class level will remove the Property. For example, continuing with the code above, MyClass.a = 5 replaces the property object with a simple int.
Observe using ‘on_<propname>’¶
If you defined the class yourself, you can use the ‘on_<propname>’ callback:
class MyClass(EventDispatcher):
a = NumericProperty(1)
def on_a(self, instance, value):
print('My property a changed to', value)
警告
Be careful with ‘on_<propname>’. If you are creating such a callback on a property you are inheriting, you must not forget to call the superclass function too.
Binding to properties of properties.¶
When binding to a property of a property, for example binding to a numeric property of an object saved in a object property, updating the object property to point to a new object will not re-bind the numeric property to the new object. For example:
<MyWidget>:
Label:
id: first
text: 'First label'
Label:
id: second
text: 'Second label'
Button:
label: first
text: self.label.text
on_press: self.label = second
When clicking on the button, although the label object property has changed to the second widget, the button text will not change because it is bound to the text property of the first label directly.
In 1.9.0, the rebind
option has been introduced that will allow the
automatic updating of the text
when label
is changed, provided it
was enabled. See ObjectProperty
.
-
class
kivy.properties.
Property
¶ ベースクラス:
builtins.object
Base class for building more complex properties.
This class handles all the basic setters and getters, None type handling, the observer list and storage initialisation. This class should not be directly instantiated.
By default, a
Property
always takes a default value:class MyObject(Widget): hello = Property('Hello world')
The default value must be a value that agrees with the Property type. For example, you can’t set a list to a
StringProperty
because the StringProperty will check the default value.None is a special case: you can set the default value of a Property to None, but you can’t set None to a property afterward. If you really want to do that, you must declare the Property with allownone=True:
class MyObject(Widget): hello = ObjectProperty(None, allownone=True) # then later a = MyObject() a.hello = 'bleh' # working a.hello = None # working too, because allownone is True.
Parameters: - default:
Specifies the default value for the property.
- **kwargs:
If the parameters include errorhandler, this should be a callable which must take a single argument and return a valid substitute value.
If the parameters include errorvalue, this should be an object. If set, it will replace an invalid property value (overrides errorhandler).
If the parameters include force_dispatch, it should be a boolean. If True, no value comparison will be done, so the property event will be dispatched even if the new value matches the old value (by default identical values are not dispatched to avoid infinite recursion in two-way binds). Be careful, this is for advanced use only.
バージョン 1.4.2 で変更: Parameters errorhandler and errorvalue added
バージョン 1.9.0 で変更: Parameter force_dispatch added
-
bind
()¶ Add a new observer to be called only when the value is changed.
-
dispatch
()¶ Dispatch the value change to all observers.
バージョン 1.1.0 で変更: The method is now accessible from Python.
This can be used to force the dispatch of the property, even if the value didn’t change:
button = Button() # get the Property class instance prop = button.property('text') # dispatch this property on the button instance prop.dispatch(button)
-
fbind
()¶ Similar to bind, except it doesn’t check if the observer already exists. It also expands and forwards largs and kwargs to the callback. funbind or unbind_uid should be called when unbinding. It returns a unique positive uid to be used with unbind_uid.
-
funbind
()¶ Remove the observer from our widget observer list bound with fbind. It removes the first match it finds, as opposed to unbind which searches for all matches.
-
get
()¶ Return the value of the property.
-
link
()¶ Link the instance with its real name.
警告
Internal usage only.
When a widget is defined and uses a
Property
class, the creation of the property object happens, but the instance doesn’t know anything about its name in the widget class:class MyWidget(Widget): uid = NumericProperty(0)
In this example, the uid will be a NumericProperty() instance, but the property instance doesn’t know its name. That’s why
link()
is used in Widget.__new__. The link function is also used to create the storage space of the property for this specific widget instance.
-
set
()¶ Set a new value for the property.
-
unbind
()¶ Remove the observer from our widget observer list.
-
unbind_uid
()¶ Remove the observer from our widget observer list bound with fbind using the uid.
-
class
kivy.properties.
NumericProperty
¶ ベースクラス:
kivy.properties.Property
Property that represents a numeric value.
Parameters: - defaultvalue: int or float, defaults to 0
Specifies the default value of the property.
>>> wid = Widget() >>> wid.x = 42 >>> print(wid.x) 42 >>> wid.x = "plop" Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "properties.pyx", line 93, in kivy.properties.Property.__set__ File "properties.pyx", line 111, in kivy.properties.Property.set File "properties.pyx", line 159, in kivy.properties.NumericProperty.check ValueError: NumericProperty accept only int/float
バージョン 1.4.1 で変更: NumericProperty can now accept custom text and tuple value to indicate a type, like “in”, “pt”, “px”, “cm”, “mm”, in the format: ‘10pt’ or (10, ‘pt’).
-
get_format
()¶ Return the format used for Numeric calculation. Default is px (mean the value have not been changed at all). Otherwise, it can be one of ‘in’, ‘pt’, ‘cm’, ‘mm’.
-
class
kivy.properties.
StringProperty
¶ ベースクラス:
kivy.properties.Property
Property that represents a string value.
Parameters: - defaultvalue: string, defaults to ‘’
Specifies the default value of the property.
-
class
kivy.properties.
ListProperty
¶ ベースクラス:
kivy.properties.Property
Property that represents a list.
Parameters: - defaultvalue: list, defaults to []
Specifies the default value of the property.
警告
When assigning a list to a
ListProperty
, the list stored in the property is a shallow copy of the list and not the original list. This can be demonstrated with the following example:>>> class MyWidget(Widget): >>> my_list = ListProperty([]) >>> widget = MyWidget() >>> my_list = [1, 5, {'hi': 'hello'}] >>> widget.my_list = my_list >>> print(my_list is widget.my_list) False >>> my_list.append(10) >>> print(my_list, widget.my_list) [1, 5, {'hi': 'hello'}, 10] [1, 5, {'hi': 'hello'}]
However, changes to nested levels will affect the property as well, since the property uses a shallow copy of my_list.
>>> my_list[2]['hi'] = 'bye' >>> print(my_list, widget.my_list) [1, 5, {'hi': 'bye'}, 10] [1, 5, {'hi': 'bye'}]
-
class
kivy.properties.
ObjectProperty
¶ ベースクラス:
kivy.properties.Property
Property that represents a Python object.
Parameters: - defaultvalue: object type
Specifies the default value of the property.
- rebind: bool, defaults to False
Whether kv rules using this object as an intermediate attribute in a kv rule, will update the bound property when this object changes.
That is the standard behavior is that if there’s a kv rule
text: self.a.b.c.d
, wherea
,b
, andc
are properties withrebind
False
andd
is aStringProperty
. Then when the rule is applied,text
becomes bound only tod
. Ifa
,b
, orc
change,text
still remains bound tod
. Furthermore, if any of them wereNone
when the rule was initially evaluated, e.g.b
wasNone
; thentext
is bound tob
and will not become bound tod
even whenb
is changed to not beNone
.By setting
rebind
toTrue
, however, the rule will be re-evaluated and all the properties rebound when that intermediate property changes. E.g. in the example above, wheneverb
changes or becomes notNone
if it wasNone
before,text
is evaluated again and becomes rebound tod
. The overall result is thattext
is now bound to all the properties amonga
,b
, orc
that haverebind
set toTrue
.- **kwargs: a list of keyword arguments
- baseclass
If kwargs includes a baseclass argument, this value will be used for validation: isinstance(value, kwargs[‘baseclass’]).
警告
To mark the property as changed, you must reassign a new python object.
バージョン 1.9.0 で変更: rebind has been introduced.
バージョン 1.7.0 で変更: baseclass parameter added.
-
class
kivy.properties.
BooleanProperty
¶ ベースクラス:
kivy.properties.Property
Property that represents only a boolean value.
Parameters: - defaultvalue: boolean
Specifies the default value of the property.
-
class
kivy.properties.
BoundedNumericProperty
¶ ベースクラス:
kivy.properties.Property
Property that represents a numeric value within a minimum bound and/or maximum bound – within a numeric range.
Parameters: - default: numeric
Specifies the default value of the property.
- **kwargs: a list of keyword arguments
If a min parameter is included, this specifies the minimum numeric value that will be accepted. If a max parameter is included, this specifies the maximum numeric value that will be accepted.
-
bounds
¶ Return min/max of the value.
バージョン 1.0.9 で追加.
-
get_max
()¶ Return the maximum value acceptable for the BoundedNumericProperty in obj. Return None if no maximum value is set. Check
get_min
for a usage example.バージョン 1.1.0 で追加.
-
get_min
()¶ Return the minimum value acceptable for the BoundedNumericProperty in obj. Return None if no minimum value is set:
class MyWidget(Widget): number = BoundedNumericProperty(0, min=-5, max=5) widget = MyWidget() print(widget.property('number').get_min(widget)) # will output -5
バージョン 1.1.0 で追加.
-
set_max
()¶ Change the maximum value acceptable for the BoundedNumericProperty, only for the obj instance. Set to None if you want to disable it. Check
set_min
for a usage example.警告
Changing the bounds doesn’t revalidate the current value.
バージョン 1.1.0 で追加.
-
set_min
()¶ Change the minimum value acceptable for the BoundedNumericProperty, only for the obj instance. Set to None if you want to disable it:
class MyWidget(Widget): number = BoundedNumericProperty(0, min=-5, max=5) widget = MyWidget() # change the minimum to -10 widget.property('number').set_min(widget, -10) # or disable the minimum check widget.property('number').set_min(widget, None)
警告
Changing the bounds doesn’t revalidate the current value.
バージョン 1.1.0 で追加.
-
class
kivy.properties.
OptionProperty
¶ ベースクラス:
kivy.properties.Property
Property that represents a string from a predefined list of valid options.
If the string set in the property is not in the list of valid options (passed at property creation time), a ValueError exception will be raised.
Parameters: - default: any valid type in the list of options
Specifies the default value of the property.
- **kwargs: a list of keyword arguments
Should include an options parameter specifying a list (not tuple) of valid options.
For example:
class MyWidget(Widget): state = OptionProperty("None", options=["On", "Off", "None"])
-
options
¶ Return the options available.
バージョン 1.0.9 で追加.
-
class
kivy.properties.
ReferenceListProperty
¶ ベースクラス:
kivy.properties.Property
Property that allows the creation of a tuple of other properties.
For example, if x and y are
NumericProperty
s, we can create aReferenceListProperty
for the pos. If you change the value of pos, it will automatically change the values of x and y accordingly. If you read the value of pos, it will return a tuple with the values of x and y.For example:
class MyWidget(EventDispatcher): x = NumericProperty(0) y = NumericProperty(0) pos = ReferenceListProperty(x, y)
-
class
kivy.properties.
AliasProperty
¶ ベースクラス:
kivy.properties.Property
Create a property with a custom getter and setter.
If you don’t find a Property class that fits to your needs, you can make your own by creating custom Python getter and setter methods.
Example from kivy/uix/widget.py:
def get_right(self): return self.x + self.width def set_right(self, value): self.x = value - self.width right = AliasProperty(get_right, set_right, bind=['x', 'width'])
Parameters: - getter: function
Function to use as a property getter
- setter: function
Function to use as a property setter. Properties listening to the alias property won’t be updated when the property is set (e.g. right = 10), unless the setter returns True.
- bind: list/tuple
Properties to observe for changes, as property name strings
- cache: boolean
If True, the value will be cached, until one of the binded elements will changes
- rebind: bool, defaults to False
See
ObjectProperty
for details.
バージョン 1.9.0 で変更: rebind has been introduced.
バージョン 1.4.0 で変更: Parameter cache added.
-
class
kivy.properties.
DictProperty
¶ ベースクラス:
kivy.properties.Property
Property that represents a dict.
Parameters: - defaultvalue: dict, defaults to None
Specifies the default value of the property.
- rebind: bool, defaults to False
See
ObjectProperty
for details.
バージョン 1.9.0 で変更: rebind has been introduced.
警告
Similar to
ListProperty
, when assigning a dict to aDictProperty
, the dict stored in the property is a shallow copy of the dict and not the original dict. SeeListProperty
for details.
-
class
kivy.properties.
VariableListProperty
¶ ベースクラス:
kivy.properties.Property
A ListProperty that allows you to work with a variable amount of list items and to expand them to the desired list size.
For example, GridLayout’s padding used to just accept one numeric value which was applied equally to the left, top, right and bottom of the GridLayout. Now padding can be given one, two or four values, which are expanded into a length four list [left, top, right, bottom] and stored in the property.
Parameters: - default: a default list of values
Specifies the default values for the list.
- length: int, one of 2 or 4.
Specifies the length of the final list. The default list will be expanded to match a list of this length.
- **kwargs: a list of keyword arguments
Not currently used.
Keeping in mind that the default list is expanded to a list of length 4, here are some examples of how VariabelListProperty’s are handled.
- VariableListProperty([1]) represents [1, 1, 1, 1].
- VariableListProperty([1, 2]) represents [1, 2, 1, 2].
- VariableListProperty([‘1px’, (2, ‘px’), 3, 4.0]) represents [1, 2, 3, 4.0].
- VariableListProperty(5) represents [5, 5, 5, 5].
- VariableListProperty(3, length=2) represents [3, 3].
バージョン 1.7.0 で追加.
-
class
kivy.properties.
ConfigParserProperty
¶ ベースクラス:
kivy.properties.Property
Property that allows one to bind to changes in the configuration values of a
ConfigParser
as well as to bind the ConfigParser values to other properties.A ConfigParser is composed of sections, where each section has a number of keys and values associated with these keys. ConfigParserProperty lets you automatically listen to and change the values of specified keys based on other kivy properties.
For example, say we want to have a TextInput automatically write its value, represented as an int, in the info section of a ConfigParser. Also, the textinputs should update its values from the ConfigParser’s fields. Finally, their values should be displayed in a label. In py:
class Info(Label): number = ConfigParserProperty(0, 'info', 'number', 'example', val_type=int, errorvalue=41) def __init__(self, **kw): super(Info, self).__init__(**kw) config = ConfigParser(name='example')
The above code creates a property that is connected to the number key in the info section of the ConfigParser named example. Initially, this ConfigParser doesn’t exist. Then, in __init__, a ConfigParser is created with name example, which is then automatically linked with this property. then in kv:
BoxLayout: TextInput: id: number text: str(info.number) Info: id: info number: number.text text: 'Number: {}'.format(self.number)
You’ll notice that we have to do text: str(info.number), this is because the value of this property is always an int, because we specified int as the val_type. However, we can assign anything to the property, e.g. number: number.text which assigns a string, because it is instantly converted with the val_type callback.
注釈
If a file has been opened for this ConfigParser using
read()
, thenwrite()
will be called every property change, keeping the file updated.警告
It is recommend that the config parser object be assigned to the property after the kv tree has been constructed (e.g. schedule on next frame from init). This is because the kv tree and its properties, when constructed, are evaluated on its own order, therefore, any initial values in the parser might be overwritten by objects it’s bound to. So in the example above, the TextInput might be initially empty, and if number: number.text is evaluated before text: str(info.number), the config value will be overwritten with the (empty) text value.
Parameters: - default: object type
Specifies the default value for the key. If the parser associated with this property doesn’t have this section or key, it’ll be created with the current value, which is the default value initially.
- section: string type
The section in the ConfigParser where the key / value will be written. Must be provided. If the section doesn’t exist, it’ll be created.
- key: string type
The key in section section where the value will be written to. Must be provided. If the key doesn’t exist, it’ll be created and the current value written to it, otherwise its value will be used.
- config: string or
ConfigParser
instance. The ConfigParser instance to associate with this property if not None. If it’s a string, the ConfigParser instance whose
name
is the value of config will be used. If no such parser exists yet, whenever a ConfigParser with this name is created, it will automatically be linked to this property.Whenever a ConfigParser becomes linked with a property, if the section or key doesn’t exist, the current property value will be used to create that key, otherwise, the existing key value will be used for the property value; overwriting its current value. You can change the ConfigParser associated with this property if a string was used here, by changing the
name
of an existing or new ConfigParser instance. Or throughset_config()
.- **kwargs: a list of keyword arguments
- val_type: a callable object
The key values are saved in the ConfigParser as strings. When the ConfigParser value is read internally and assigned to the property or when the user changes the property value directly, if val_type is not None, it will be called with the new value as input and it should return the value converted to the proper type accepted ny this property. For example, if the property represent ints, val_type can simply be int.
If the val_type callback raises a ValueError, errorvalue or errorhandler will be used if provided. Tip: the getboolean function of the ConfigParser might also be useful here to convert to a boolean type.
- verify: a callable object
Can be used to restrict the allowable values of the property. For every value assigned to the property, if this is specified, verify is called with the new value, and if it returns True the value is accepted, otherwise, errorvalue or errorhandler will be used if provided or a ValueError is raised.
バージョン 1.9.0 で追加.
-
set_config
()¶ Sets the ConfigParser object to be used by this property. Normally, the ConfigParser is set when initializing the Property using the config parameter.
Parameters: - config: A
ConfigParser
instance. The instance to use for listening to and saving property value changes. If None, it disconnects the currently used ConfigParser.
class MyWidget(Widget): username = ConfigParserProperty('', 'info', 'name', None) widget = MyWidget() widget.property('username').set_config(ConfigParser())
- config: A


This small city was once an important port, but as shipping activity diminished and together with the effects of earthquakes, parts of it now have a rather abandoned air. However, reconstruction is taking place and the friendly marina makes it a pleasant place to visit.
Kalamata is famous for its delicious fat, black olives,
It is a convenient port from which to visit Messene, and for crew changes with good connections to Athens.
For full details on clearing into our out of Greece see Greek Formalities.
Clearance here is much smoother if all the papers are in order.
The Port Police office is at the marina.
The marina is located to the West of the commercial harbour. All yachts should head to the marina.
The marina entrance can be difficult in strong southerlies as it is rather narrow. Berth where directed.
The shelter here is excellent although southerly gales can cause a surge at the berths closest to the entrance. Be sure to pull the boat well off the quay.
Marina photo courtesy of SY DeDanann who visited here in 2016.
Limeni
Two hours south of Kalamata, this is a good anchorage with good holding, although should be avoided in westerlies (see comment at bottom of page). There is space for five yachts on the little pier going stern to (if fishing boats haven't taken up all the space), keeping a couple of meters off. There is a local taverna and basic provisions available.
Last updated September 2016.


Public Member Functions | |
| cache_string_one_str (int reserve_prepend, int reserve_append, int grow_size=10) | |
| cache_string_one_str (const string_type &msg, int reserve_prepend=10, int reserve_append=10, int grow_size=10) | |
| void | prepend_string (const string_type &str) |
| pre-pends a string (inserts it at the beginning) | |
| void | append_string (const string_type &str) |
| appends a string (inserts it at the end) | |
| template<class stream_type> | |
| void | to_stream (stream_type &stream) const |
| const string_type & | full_string () const |
It keeps all the modified message in one string. Useful if some formatter needs to access the whole string at once.
reserve_prepend() - the size that is reserved for prepending (similar to string::reserve function) reserve_append() - the size that is reserved for appending (similar to string::reserve function)
Note : as strings are prepended, reserve_prepend() shrinks. Same goes for append.
| boost::logging::optimize::cache_string_one_str< string_type_ >::cache_string_one_str | ( | int | reserve_prepend, | |
| int | reserve_append, | |||
| int | grow_size = 10 | |||
| ) | [inline] |
| reserve_prepend | - how many chars to have space to prepend by default | |
| reserve_append | - how many chars to have space to append by default | |
| grow_size | - in case we add a string and there's no room for it, with how much should we grow? We'll grow this much in addition to the added string - in the needed direction |
| boost::logging::optimize::cache_string_one_str< string_type_ >::cache_string_one_str | ( | const string_type & | msg, | |
| int | reserve_prepend = 10 , |
|||
| int | reserve_append = 10 , |
|||
| int | grow_size = 10 | |||
| ) | [inline] |
| msg | - the message that is originally cached | |
| reserve_prepend | - how many chars to have space to prepend by default | |
| reserve_append | - how many chars to have space to append by default | |
| grow_size | - in case we add a string and there's no room for it, with how much should we grow? We'll grow this much in addition to the added string - in the needed direction |
| void boost::logging::optimize::cache_string_one_str< string_type_ >::to_stream | ( | stream_type & | stream | ) | const [inline] |
writes the current cached contents to a stream
| const string_type& boost::logging::optimize::cache_string_one_str< string_type_ >::full_string | ( | ) | const [inline] |
returns the full string


Android&Web developer.
high preformance editor for web
documentation of legacy API and javascript
Hello, I am franknoh.I am an android&web developerI am interested in computer science, mathmatics and machine learning.


EQ (emotional quotient) or emotional intelligence is having the ability to identify, evaluate, control and express emotions. Having a high EQ means you have the ability to understand and connect well with the people around you.
IQ (intelligence quotient) is a score taken from a standardised test designed to assess your level of intelligence. This is used to define ones academic ability and identify those with high or low IQ.
It is important because it's a much more useful indicator of how successful you will be in life across various areas (personal and business); this is key to how one migt function in a relational environment. It is in many ways the essence of being human. Our ability to draw on it can assist with looking after our physical, mental and spiritual well-being.


--- layout: default title: "Why This Blog" description: "The story of Barnabas Nomo told by yours truly, the don" ---
The intro paragraph of who will teach the teacher rewritten in a different form


The Reptile House is the largest building at the center of the Zoo. The front right window of the Reptile House shows our Eastern Indigo Snake. Around the corner to the left is the entrance to the Reptile House. It is open Saturdays from 1 to 4pm, and some Sundays, depending on volunteer scheduling. It is occasionally opened for additional planned events. There are also various amphibians. arthropods and sometimes mammals viewable at the Reptile House.
The Main Entrance to the Zoo is a black iron gate between two stone walls. On either side of the Main Entrance are signage with event information and rules about what can happen at the zoo. Our animals are happiest when their visitors follow these rules!
The Amphitheatre seats about eighty people comfortably, with room for more to stand at the sides and up toward the barn. Musical artists often grace this venue during special events like Zoo Day. The Amphitheatre is close to the barn, a storage place for tools and zoo vehicles.
The Education Center is where volunteers get trained. It's also where we prepare meals for our animals and where volunteers sign in and out. Zoo birthday parties are held here almost every Saturday and Sunday, except during Zoo Camp months in the summer.
The Exercise Yard is where we bring our animals for enrichment, excercise and a little sun. It's also a wonderful space for educating our visitors close up about our incredible native Georgia animals. It lies between the Bear/Eagle Deck and the Reptile House.
Bear Hollow Zoo is a special part of Memorial Park. The Playground is outside the zoo at the extreme opposite end of Memorial Park. You can see it from the overflow parking lot to the left as you drive or walk down toward the Memorial Park pond. Additional restrooms are immediately adjacent to the Playground.
The restroom is outside the Zoo at the front of Memorial Park's public pool. There is also a restroom to the left of the large parking lot near the playground. Click the "map" button to the bottom right for more information.


Health department issues more than 200 warning notices to Westmoreland residents
The Westmoreland Health Department has issued more than 200 warning notices to persons failing to comply with instructions to destroy mosquito breeding sites on their properties.
The notices were issued by vector-control workers subsequent to the activation of the Ministry of Health and Wellness’ enhanced mosquito-control programme in August.
The action is in keeping with the Department’s ramped-up efforts to curtail the spread of dengue fever.
Acting Vector Control Coordinator for Westmoreland, Sasharna Matalie, told JIS News that while many residents have been taking responsibility to curtail the prevalence of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which spreads the dengue virus, some persons continue to ignore warnings to destroy existing and potential breeding sites on their premises.
“Currently, we have 90 temporary task workers to bolster our existing staff of eight vector-control workers; they check premises just to ensure that persons are complying. Where we find breeding sites, we have materials at hand to treat. Where we find breeding, we serve warning letters and notices to get these persons to comply,” she stated.
Individuals refusing to obey the notices are liable to be taken before the courts and fined.


Board books
Love monster by Rachel Bright
A little monster goes looking for unconditional love, and so life’s rich pattern begins!
We love you Hugless Dougless by David Melling
What better character for Valentine’s day than Hugless Dougless? This cuddly bear is heading straight to your heart.
Picture books for 2 – 6 year olds
The Princess and the pea by Lauren Child
Who in their right mind wouldn’t fall in love with a girl who could detect vegetable matter through a pile of mattresses?
Foxy in love by Emma Dodd
Emily is making Valentine’s day cards, and her friend Foxy comes to help with a little magic. Very sweet little story.
Little Miss Hug by Roger Hargreaves
Aaah! Not really about Valentine’s day, but she cheers up Mr Grumpy, so we couldn’t miss her from this list, now could we?
Love always everywhere by Sarah Massini
“Uplifting, enjoyable, joyful and charming exploration of love in its many forms.”
Dinosaur kisses by David Ezra Stein
Just a few words of warning – dinosaur kisses look rather dangerous!
Love, Splat by Rob Scotton
Splat the cat falls for a dear little kitten, but so does Spike. Hmm… I wonder who’ll win her heart?
Picture books for older readers
Tadpole’s promise by Jeanne Willis
Caterpillar and tadpole fall in love and vow they will never change… heard that one before?
Short chapter books 6 – 8 year olds
Juliet the Valentine fairy by Daisy Meadows
Especially for our Rainbow Fairies fans on Valentine’s day.
Magic Hearts by Helen Perelman
Chocolate, fashion and fairies tailored into a heart-warming confection. If you’re hooked on Rainbow Fairies, you’ll probably love this Candy Fairies story too.
Junior novels 8 – 12 year olds
Katie’s secret admirer by Holly Webb
A Valentine tale tie-in from Holly Webb’s Triplets series. Note – not all triplets are romantic, and Katie is just sick of hearing about boys!
Junior non-fiction
Valentine things to make and do by Rebecca Gilpin
Lots of ideas for cards and other crafty things you can’t live without making, like tissue paper hearts, love birds, heart-shaped flowers and sparkly hearts garlands. Excited yet?
Yummy little cookbook by Rebecca Gilpin
This isn’t actually a Valentine’s day cookbook, but the recipes are really so yummy, we couldn’t resist including it in this list.
Young teen
Love hurts by Malorie Blackman
A new collection of short stories assembled by the Children’s Laureate, from some of the best young adult writers around today. Look out for Patrick Ness, Gayle Forman and Marcus Zusak. Due out just in time for Valentine’s day.
Young adult
This Northern Sky by Julia Green
A captivating, tear jerking romance set on a Scottish island.


Prism Ops brings smart automation to our customer’s daily IT operations. The typical operations workflow is a continuous cycle of monitoring, analyzing and taking action where necessary. Prism Ops mirrors traditional IT Admin’s workflows to improve operations efficiency. With Prism Ops, IT Admins are able to connect insights from machine data to automate this typical flow using the power of the machine learning engine X-FIT and the X-Play automation engine.
In this lab you will learn how Prism Ops can help IT Admins monitor, analyze and automatically act when cluster runway is low.
Open your Prism Central and navigate to the VMs page. Note down the IP Address of the GTSPrismOpsLabUtilityServer. You will need to access this IP Address throughout this lab.
Open a new tab in the browser, and navigate to http://<GTSPrismOpsLabUtilityServer_IP_ADDRESS>/alerts [example http://<IP_ADDRESS>/alerts]. It is possible you may need to log into the VM if you are the first one to use it. Just fill out the Prism Central IP, Username and Password and click Login.
Once you have landed on the alerts page, leave the tab open. It will be used in a later portion of this lab.
In a separate tab, navigate to http://<GTSPrismOpsLabUtilityServer_IP_ADDRESS>/ to complete the lab from [example http://<IP_ADDRESS>/]. Use the UI at this URL to complete the lab.
Capacity runway is a measure of the remaining capacity left within a given cluster or node. There is an overall cluster runway as well as individual runway measurements for CPU, Memory and storage capacity. The Capacity Runway is calculated using X-FIT, Prism Ops’s machine intelligence engine. Lets view the Capacity Runway of your lab cluster.
. You can now take a look at the Runway for Storage, CPU, and Memory.
When selecting the Memory tab, you can see a Red Exclamation mark, indicating where this cluster will run out of Memory. You can hover the chart at this point to see on which day this will occur.
Click on the ‘Optimize Resources’ button on left. This is where you can see the inefficient VMs in the environment with suggestions on how you can optimize these resources to be as efficient as possible.
Close the optimize resources popup.
Prism Ops’s X-FIT engine also provides the capability to plan for future workloads and identifies the hardware that can be added to account for the new workloads resource requirements.
Under the ‘Adjust Resources’ section in the left side of this page, click the ‘Get Started’ button. We can now use this to start planning for new workloads and see how runway will need to be extended in the future.
Click the add/adjust button in the left side underneath the ‘Workloads’ item.
Add one for VDI and select 1000 Users. You can also set a date for when this workload should be added to the system. Save this workload when you are done.
Add another workload of your choice.
Now click the ‘Recommend’ button on the right side of the page.
Once the Recommendation is available, toggle between list and chart view to get a better overview of your Scenario.
Click the Generate PDF button in the upper right hand corner. This will open a new tab with a PDF report for the scenario/workloads you have created.
View your report.
Now let’s look at how we can take automated action to generate this report when the Capacity Runway is low. We will use X-Play, Prism Ops’s simple automation engine.
Use the search bar to navigate to the Playbooks page.
Click Create Playbook at the top of the table view.
Select the Alert as the trigger.
Search and select Cluster running out of Memory Capacity (low runway) as the alert policy, since this is the issue we are looking to take automated steps to generate a report for.
First, we would like to Generate a Forecast report for this alert. Click Add Action on the left side and select the Generate Forecast Report action.
The Alert Source Entity in this case will be the Cluster that the alert is generated on. You can also change the Runway Period if you would like.
Next we would like to notify someone that the ticket was created by X-Play. Click Add Action and select the Email action.
Fill in the field in the email action. Here are the examples
Playbook {{playbook.playbook_name}} was executed.
Note
You are welcome to compose your own subject message. The above is just an example. You could use the “parameters” to enrich the message.
Click Save & Close button and save it with a name “Initials - Automatically Generate Forecast Report”. Be sure to enable the ‘Enabled’ toggle.
The alert simulation portion of this lab is not working today, instead we will show you what it would look like if the alert were to successfully generate. From the table view click to open the details for the “Initials - Automatically Generate Forecast Report” Playbook.
Switch to the Plays tab. If an alert were to generate for this playbook you would see a play like this in this tab.
Clicking on it would show this view. The sections in this view can be expanded to show more details for each item. If there were any errors, they would also be surfaced in this view.
You would also get an email that looks something like this.


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The page you requested could not be found.


Now I bit frustrated, because navigating all new software tools, like GitHub, Slack and PyCharm is exhausting!


Cards are easy and great
Cards are easy and great
It’s official, new operating systems and mobile devices now all support full CSS3 Support. So most of the effects that needed jQuery we can now accomplish using CSS3 Transitions. Faster, smoother, better, and much lighter on CPU’s.
Continue ReadingIt’s official, new operating systems and mobile devices now all support full CSS3 Support. So most of the effects that needed jQuery we can now accomplish using CSS3 Transitions. Faster, smoother, better, and much lighter on CPU’s.
Continue ReadingIt’s official, new operating systems and mobile devices now all support full CSS3 Support. So most of the effects that needed jQuery we can now accomplish using CSS3 Transitions. Faster, smoother, better, and much lighter on CPU’s.
Continue ReadingIt’s official, new operating systems and mobile devices now all support full CSS3 Support. So most of the effects that needed jQuery we can now accomplish using CSS3 Transitions. Faster, smoother, better, and much lighter on CPU’s.
Continue ReadingIt’s official, new operating systems and mobile devices now all support full CSS3 Support. So most of the effects that needed jQuery we can now accomplish using CSS3 Transitions. Faster, smoother, better, and much lighter on CPU’s.
Continue Reading


Need support overcoming anxiety and stress? This group will help you fit right in.
Join GroupShare your stories and experiences on how you overcame suicide and help support one another
Join GroupShare your thoughts and experiences about bullying and how it can be overcomed.
Join GroupYou are Stronger than you know. Braver than you believe and Smarter than you think


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Let AB and C be the two given unequal straight lines, and let AB be the greater of them.
It is required to cut off from AB the greater a straight line equal to C the less.
Place AD at the point A equal to the straight line C, and describe the circle DEF with center A and radius AD.
Now, since the point A is the center of the circle DEF, therefore AE equals AD.
But C also equals AD, therefore each of the straight lines AE and C equals AD, so that AE also equals C.
Therefore, given the two straight lines AB and C, AE has been cut off from AB the greater equal to C the less.
According to Proclus (410–485 C.E.) in his Commentary on Book I, Hippocrates of Chios (fl. ca. 430 B.C.E.) was the first to write an Elements. Leon and Theudius also wrote versions before Euclid (fl. ca. 295 B.C.E.). These other Elements have all been lost since Euclid’s replaced them. It is conceivable that in some of these earlier versions the construction in proposition I.2 was not known, so this proposition would instead have been a postulate (a stronger version of I.Post.3). Once the construction in I.2 was discovered, the current weaker I.Post.3 would do. Then again, I.2 might go back to the time of Hippocrates.
Frequently, though, one end of the line C is already placed at A, and then the construction of I.2 isn’t required. In that case, only one circle needs to be drawn.
The construction is use more often in the Elements than any other starting with proposition I.5. It is used in all the books on geometry, that is in Books I through IV, VI, and XI through XIII.
Naturally a construction of this sort is needed in the solid geometry of Books XI through XIII. Surprisingly, the construction given here also works in solid geometry, even the lines AB and C don’t lie in the same plane. Since the point A and the line C lie in one plane, the construction of I.2 produces a line AD equal to C in that plane. Now AD and AB also lie in one plane, but not the same one, and the circle AEF can be drawn there.


| 006:113 Khan | : |
(And this is in order) that the hearts of those who disbelieve in the Hereafter may incline to such (deceit), and that they may remain pleased with it, and that they may commit what they are committing (all kinds of sins and evil deeds, etc.). |
| 006:113 Maulana | : |
And that the hearts of those who believe not in the Hereafter may include thereto, and that they may be pleased with it, and that they may earn what they are earning. |
| 006:113 Pickthal | : |
That the hearts of those who believe not in the Hereafter may incline thereto, and that they may take pleasure therein, and that they may earn what they are earning. |
| 006:113 Rashad | : |
This is to let the minds of those who do not believe in the Hereafter listen to such fabrications, and accept them, and thus expose their real convictions. |
| 006:113 Sarwar | : |
Let those who do not believe in the Day of Judgment listen to the deceitful words with pleasure and indulge in whatever sins they want. |
| 006:113 Shakir | : |
And that the hearts of those who do not believe in the hereafter may incline to it and that they may be well pleased with it and that they may earn what they are going to earn (of evil). |
| 006:113 Sherali | : |
And ALLAH does this in order that the hearts of those who believe not in the Hereafter may incline thereto and that they may be pleased therewith and that they may continue to earn what they are earning. |
| 006:113 Yusufali | : |
To such (deceit) let the hearts of those incline, who have no faith in the hereafter: let them delight in it, and let them earn from it what they may. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: الإيمان > الغيب > الغيب النفسي > الفؤاد Faith> The Unseen World> The Psychological Secret> The Heart الإنسان والعلاقات الاجتماعية > المجتمعات > الشعوب والقبائل والفرق Man and The Social Relations>The Societies>Peoples, Tribes and Groups
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


Helleborus (ex-Uada) Feed The Night A Sacrifice In Their NSFW New Video
Exclusive: The latest offering from Colorado black metallers Helleborus is a haunted fable of fire, sex, and darkness.
What Helleborus channel most about their home state of Colorado is the brooding, haunted vibe of the wilderness. The Manitou Springs-based quartet, featuring former Uada drummer Brent Boutte, play dramatic, unabashedly eerie black metal with heavy yet organic-sounding doses of early melodic death metal and goth, adding an almost romantic quality to the band’s sonic diabolicisms. That old-world fairy-tale sense of malevolent spiritualism and poetic horror is thick in the Rockies, whose looming shapes and thick woods feel like sulking gods who would love nothing more than to watch you wander into their shadows and never be heard from again.
The band stage just such a scenario in their latest video for the track Blåkulla’s Meadow, from their upcoming sophomore album Saprophytic Divinations. Directed by Guilherme Henriques with art direction by Catarina Rocha, the video shows a lone magus of sorts wandering into the forest at night, gathering herbs and nocturnal plants before hailing the moon over a blazing fire. Unfortunately for him, the moon answers in ways that he may or may not have expected, and the night takes him. Naturally lit and carefully paced, the footage is reminiscent of Robert Eggers’ The Witch, right down to the NSFW climax.
READ THIS: Happy holidays from Black Metal Santa
“We take our initiation deeper into The Poison Path as we observe the Witches Sabbath within a great meadow whereof you can see no end,” says Helleborus of the video for Blåkulla’s Meadow. “We pray for flight from cenote catacombs and join Devil’s daughter to commit venereous and carnal acts among toads and serpents.”
Watch our exclusive premiere of Helleborus’s video for Blåkulla’s Meadow below:
Helleborus’s Saprophytic Divinations comes out Friday, December 6, via Redefining Darkness Records, and is available for preorder. Behold its cover below and despair:
READ THIS: The 50 best American metal bands of the last decade


Barclays
Berkeley Group
Bloomberg
Edelman
Markit
Taylor Wessing LLP
Wahaca

Bloomberg
Clifford Chance LLP
Ingenious Media Plc
Latham & Watkins
Memery Crystal
Mishcon de Reya
Royal Bank of Scotland and Natwest
Wisdom Council
95.8 Capital FM’s Help a Capital Child
Andor Charitable Trust
Austin & Hope Pilkington Trust
BBC Children in Need
Backstage Trust
Boris Karloff Foundation
Boshier Hinton Foundation
The City Bridge Trust
The Cleopatra Trust
Clifford Chance Foundation
Clore Duffield Foundation
Cockayne – Grants for the Arts
John S Cohen Foundation
The Co-operative Membership Community Fund
David Laing Foundation
The Dr. Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation
D’Oyly Carte Charitable Trust
Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Equitable Charitable Trust
The Eranda Foundation
Ernest Cook Trust
The Foyle Foundation
Garfield Weston Foundation
Garrick Charitable Trust
Genesis Foundation
Golden Bottle Trust
Golsoncott Foundation
H&M Foundation
The Harold Hyam Wingate Foundation
Jerwood Charitable Foundation
Joanies Fund
John Ellerman Foundation
John Thaw Foundation
J. Paul Getty Jnr. Charitable Trust
The Kidron and Hall Family
The Limbourne Trust
The London Community Foundation
The Mackintosh Foundation
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Personal ID
{{#if hasID 'personal' user.hasPersonalID user._id}}
{{else}}
{{#if IDcontraddiction 'personal' user.hasPersonalID user._id}}
Has personal ID but
no image has been found
{{else}}
Missing personal ID
{{#with uploadingPID}}
Uploading...
{{else}}
{{/with}}
{{/if}}
{{/if}}
Student ID
{{#if hasID 'student' user.hasStudentID user._id}}
{{else}}
{{#if IDcontraddiction 'student' user.hasStudentID user._id}}
Has student ID but
no image has been found
{{else}}
Missing student ID
{{#with uploadingSID}}
Uploading...
{{else}}
{{/with}}
{{/if}}
{{/if}}


- AccessToken - Class in com.rssaggregator.desktop.model
-
User Information.
- AccessToken() - Constructor for class com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.AccessToken
-
- ADD_FEED_TITLE_NAME - Static variable in class com.rssaggregator.desktop.utils.Globals
-
Windows Names.
- addCategory(String) - Method in class com.rssaggregator.desktop.AddFeedScene
-
Adds a category thanks to the API server.
- addCategory(AddCategoryWrapper) - Method in interface com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.RestService
-
- addCategory(String) - Method in interface com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.RssApi
-
- addCategory(String) - Method in class com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.RssApiImpl
-
Adds a category from the API.
- AddCategoryWrapper - Class in com.rssaggregator.desktop.model
-
Body of the API request Add Category.
- AddCategoryWrapper(String) - Constructor for class com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.AddCategoryWrapper
-
- addFeed(Integer, String) - Method in class com.rssaggregator.desktop.AddFeedScene
-
Adds a feed to a category thanks to the API server.
- addFeed(AddFeedWrapper) - Method in interface com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.RestService
-
- addFeed(Integer, String) - Method in interface com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.RssApi
-
- addFeed(Integer, String) - Method in class com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.RssApiImpl
-
Adds a feed from the API.
- AddFeedController - Class in com.rssaggregator.desktop.view
-
Controller for the Add Feed view.
- AddFeedController() - Constructor for class com.rssaggregator.desktop.view.AddFeedController
-
- AddFeedScene - Class in com.rssaggregator.desktop
-
Controller for Add Feed View.
- AddFeedScene(ObservableList<Category>, MainViewController) - Constructor for class com.rssaggregator.desktop.AddFeedScene
-
Constructor
- AddFeedWrapper - Class in com.rssaggregator.desktop.model
-
Body of the API request Add Feed.
- AddFeedWrapper(Integer, String) - Constructor for class com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.AddFeedWrapper
-
- ALL_ITEMS_TITLED_PANE - Static variable in class com.rssaggregator.desktop.utils.Globals
-
- API_SERVER_URL - Static variable in class com.rssaggregator.desktop.utils.Globals
-
API server address.
- ApiError - Class in com.rssaggregator.desktop.model
-
Error class from the API.
- ApiError() - Constructor for class com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.ApiError
-
- APP_NAME - Static variable in class com.rssaggregator.desktop.utils.Globals
-
Application Name.
- ARTICLE_DETAILS_TITLE_NAME - Static variable in class com.rssaggregator.desktop.utils.Globals
-
- ARTICLE_DETAILS_VIEW - Static variable in class com.rssaggregator.desktop.utils.Globals
-
- ArticleDetailsController - Class in com.rssaggregator.desktop.view
-
View Controller of the Article Details View.
- ArticleDetailsController(Item) - Constructor for class com.rssaggregator.desktop.view.ArticleDetailsController
-
Constructor
- ArticleDetailsScene - Class in com.rssaggregator.desktop
-
Controller for the Article Details View.
- ArticleDetailsScene(Item) - Constructor for class com.rssaggregator.desktop.ArticleDetailsScene
-
Constructor
- ArticleExtendedListViewCell - Class in com.rssaggregator.desktop.view
-
List Cell of the Item version Extended.
- ArticleExtendedListViewCell(ListView<Item>) - Constructor for class com.rssaggregator.desktop.view.ArticleExtendedListViewCell
-
- ArticleListViewCell - Class in com.rssaggregator.desktop.view
-
List Cell of the item version short.
- ArticleListViewCell(ListView<Item>) - Constructor for class com.rssaggregator.desktop.view.ArticleListViewCell
-


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--- layout: default title: index ---
We've found that some approaches to protect communities from natural events can actually make us more vulnerable.
Using open-source algorithms we analyse the distance of residents to their core urban services. We enhance existing approaches to improve the ease of identifying service-poor people.
More InfoUrban planning for climate adaptation requires significant risk analysis, so what more can be done?


{% extends 'imagersite/base.html' %} {% block content %} Welcome To ImagerSite! You are now an active user.  Registration Failed Something went wrong.
Something went wrong. It was probably you, but here is your activation key to confirm: activation_key


You just received your pay, and it is higher than usual … are you entitled to this?
Here are a few circumstances that might affect the amount you receive!
I heard there was a “big pay” twice a year…
Note: statutory deductions (income tax, CPP or QPP, EI, QPIP) will still be deducted on these pays.
Any other good news?
*Note: if the collective agreement has expired, the rates will be revised retroactively, once a new agreement is signed.
Collective agreements are available on the page entitled: “Collective agreements for public service”
Unrepresented and senior excluded employees’ rates of pay are available on the page entitled: “Rates of pay for unrepresented and senior excluded employees”
More good news!


“Pisuṇena ca kodhanena ca,
Maccharinā ca vibhūtanandinā;
Sakhitaṁ na kareyya paṇḍito,
Pāpo kāpurisena saṅgamo.
“The astute would not make friends
with the slanderous or hostile,
with a miser or a gloater,
for it’s bad to consort with sinners.
Saddhena ca pesalena ca,
Paññavatā bahussutena ca;
Sakhitaṁ kareyya paṇḍito,
Bhaddo sappurisena saṅgamo.
The astute would make friends
with the faithful and the pleasant,
the wise and the learned,
for it’s a blessing to consort with good people.”
Passa cittakataṁ bimbaṁ,
…
pe…
yassa natthi dhuvaṁ ṭhiti.
“See this fancy puppet,
a body built of sores,
diseased, obsessed over,
in which nothing lasts at all.
Passa cittakataṁ bimbaṁ,
…
pe…
vatthehi sobhati.
See this fancy puppet,
with its gems and earrings;
it is bones wrapped with skin,
made pretty by its clothes.
Alattakakatā,
…
pe…
no ca pāragavesino.
Rouged feet
and powdered face
may be enough to beguile a fool,
but not a seeker of the far shore.
Aṭṭhapadakatā,
…
pe…
no ca pāragavesino.
Hair in eight braids
and eyeliner
may be enough to beguile a fool,
but not a seeker of the far shore.
Añjanīva navā,
…
pe…
no ca pāragavesino.
A rotting body all adorned
like a freshly painted makeup box
may be enough to beguile a fool,
but not a seeker of the far shore.”
Bahussuto cittakathī,
buddhassa paricārako;
Pannabhāro visaññutto,
seyyaṁ kappeti gotamo.
“Gotama is learned, a brilliant speaker,
the attendant to the Buddha.
With burden put down, detached,
Gotama made his bed.
Khīṇāsavo visaññutto,
saṅgātīto sunibbuto;
Dhāreti antimaṁ dehaṁ,
jātimaraṇapāragū.
Defilements ended, detached,
he has got over clinging and become quenched.
He bears his final body,
having gone beyond birth and death.”
Yasmiṁ patiṭṭhitā dhammā,
buddhassādiccabandhuno;
Nibbānagamane magge,
soyaṁ tiṭṭhati gotamo.
“Gotama stands firm
on the path that leads to quenching,
where the teachings of the Buddha,
the Kinsman of the Sun, are grounded.”
Dvāsīti buddhato gaṇhiṁ,
dve sahassāni bhikkhuto;
Caturāsītisahassāni,
ye me dhammā pavattino.
“82,000 from the Buddha,
and 2,000 more from the monks:
84,000 teachings I’ve learned,
and these are what I promulgate.”
Appassutāyaṁ puriso,
balibaddova jīrati;
Maṁsāni tassa vaḍḍhanti,
paññā tassa na vaḍḍhati.
“A person of little learning
ages like an ox—
their flesh grows,
but not their wisdom.
Bahussuto appassutaṁ,
yo sutenātimaññati;
Andho padīpadhārova,
tatheva paṭibhāti maṁ.
A learned person who, on account of their learning,
looks down on someone of little learning,
seems to me like
a blind man holding a lamp.
Bahussutaṁ upāseyya,
sutañca na vināsaye;
Taṁ mūlaṁ brahmacariyassa,
tasmā dhammadharo siyā.
You should stay close to a learned person—
don’t lose what you’ve learned.
It is the root of the spiritual life,
which is why you should memorize the teaching.
Pubbāparaññū atthaññū,
niruttipadakovido;
Suggahītañca gaṇhāti,
atthañcopaparikkhati.
Knowing the sequence and meaning of the teaching,
expert in the interpretation of terms,
they make sure it is well memorized,
and then examine the meaning.
Khantyā chandikato hoti,
ussahitvā tuleti taṁ;
Samaye so padahati,
ajjhattaṁ susamāhito.
Accepting the teachings, they become enthusiastic;
making an effort, they weigh up the teaching.
When it’s time, they strive
serene inside themselves.
Bahussutaṁ dhammadharaṁ,
sappaññaṁ buddhasāvakaṁ;
Dhammaviññāṇamākaṅkhaṁ,
taṁ bhajetha tathāvidhaṁ.
If you want to understand the teaching,
you should befriend the sort of person
who is learned and has memorized the teaching,
a wise disciple of the Buddha.
Bahussuto dhammadharo,
kosārakkho mahesino;
Cakkhu sabbassa lokassa,
pūjanīyo bahussuto.
One who is learned and has memorized the teaching,
a keeper of the great hermit’s treasury,
is a visionary for the whole world,
learned and deserving respect.
Dhammārāmo dhammarato,
dhammaṁ anuvicintayaṁ;
Dhammaṁ anussaraṁ bhikkhu,
saddhammā na parihāyati.
Delighting in the teaching, enjoying the teaching,
contemplating the teaching,
a mendicant who recollects the teaching
doesn’t decline in the true teaching.”
Kāyamaccheragaruno,
hiyyamāne anuṭṭhahe;
Sarīrasukhagiddhassa,
kuto samaṇaphāsutā.
“When your body is pampered and heavy,
while your remaining time is running out,
greedy for physical pleasure,
how can you be comfortable as an ascetic?”
Na pakkhanti disā sabbā,
dhammā na paṭibhanti maṁ;
Gate kalyāṇamittamhi,
andhakāraṁva khāyati.
“I’m completely disorientated!
The teachings don’t spring to mind!
With the passing of our good friend,
everything seems dark.
Abbhatītasahāyassa,
atītagatasatthuno;
Natthi etādisaṁ mittaṁ,
yathā kāyagatā sati.
When your friend has passed away,
and your Teacher is past and gone,
there’s no friend like
mindfulness of the body.
Ye purāṇā atītā te,
navehi na sameti me;
Svajja ekova jhāyāmi,
vassupetova pakkhimā”.
The old have passed away,
and I don’t agree with the new.
Today I meditate alone
like a bird snug in its nest.”
“Dassanāya abhikkante,
nānāverajjake bahū;
Mā vārayittha sotāro,
passantu samayo mamaṁ”.
“Many international visitors
have come to visit.
Don’t block the audience,
let the congregation see me.”
“Dassanāya abhikkante,
nānāverajjake puthu;
Karoti satthā okāsaṁ,
na nivāreti cakkhumā.
“Lots of international visitors
have come to visit.
The teacher grants them the opportunity,
the seer doesn’t turn them away.”
Paṇṇavīsativassāni,
sekhabhūtassa me sato;
Na kāmasaññā uppajji,
passa dhammasudhammataṁ.
“In the twenty five years that have passed
since I became a trainee,
no sensual perception has arisen in me:
see the excellence of the teaching!
Paṇṇavīsativassāni,
sekhabhūtassa me sato;
Na dosasaññā uppajji,
passa dhammasudhammataṁ.
In the twenty-five years
since I became a trainee,
no malicious perception has arisen in me:
see the excellence of the teaching!”
Paṇṇavīsativassāni,
bhagavantaṁ upaṭṭhahiṁ;
Mettena kāyakammena,
chāyāva anapāyinī.
'For 25 years
I attended on the Buddha
with loving deeds,
like a shadow that never left.
Paṇṇavīsativassāni,
bhagavantaṁ upaṭṭhahiṁ;
Mettena vacīkammena,
chāyāva anapāyinī.
For 25 years
I attended on the Buddha
with loving words,
like a shadow that never left.
Paṇṇavīsativassāni,
bhagavantaṁ upaṭṭhahiṁ;
Mettena manokammena,
chāyāva anapāyinī.
For 25 years
I attended on the Buddha
with loving thoughts,
like a shadow that never left.
Buddhassa caṅkamantassa,
piṭṭhito anucaṅkamiṁ;
Dhamme desiyamānamhi,
ñāṇaṁ me udapajjatha.
While the Buddha was walking mindfully,
I walked behind him.
As he taught the Dhamma,
knowledge arose in me.”
Ahaṁ sakaraṇīyomhi,
sekho appattamānaso;
Satthu ca parinibbānaṁ,
yo amhaṁ anukampako.
“I’m a trainee, who has more to do;
my heart’s desire is still unfulfilled.
Yet the Teacher, who was so compassionate to me,
has become completely quenched.
Tadāsi yaṁ bhiṁsanakaṁ,
tadāsi lomahaṁsanaṁ;
Sabbākāravarūpete,
sambuddhe parinibbute”.
Then there was terror!
Then they had goosebumps!
When the Buddha, endowed with all fine qualities,
became fully extinguished.”
“Bahussuto dhammadharo,
kosārakkho mahesino;
Cakkhu sabbassa lokassa,
ānando parinibbuto.
“Ānanda, who was learned and had memorized the teaching,
a keeper of the great hermit’s treasury,
a visionary for the entire world,
has become fully quenched.
Bahussuto dhammadharo,
kosārakkho mahesino;
Cakkhu sabbassa lokassa,
andhakāre tamonudo.
He was learned and had memorized the teaching,
a keeper of the great hermit’s treasury,
a visionary for the entire world,
in thick of night he dispelled the dark.
Gatimanto satimanto,
dhitimanto ca yo isi;
Saddhammadhārako thero,
ānando ratanākaro”.
He is the hermit who remembered the teachings,
and mastered their sequence, holding them firm.
The senior monk who memorized the teaching,
Ānanda was a mine of gems.”
“Pariciṇṇo mayā satthā,
kataṁ buddhassa sāsanaṁ;
Ohito garuko bhāro,
natthi dāni punabbhavo”ti.
…
Ānando thero ….
Tiṁsanipāto niṭṭhito.
Tatruddānaṁ
“I’ve served the teacher
and fulfilled the Buddha’s instructions.
The heavy burden is laid down,
now there are no more future lives.”
Phusso patisso ānando,
tayotime pakittitā;
Gāthāyo tattha saṅkhātā,
sataṁ pañca ca uttarīti.


Recipe 8.8. Running Unit Tests Most SimplyCredit: Justin Shaw ProblemYou find the test runners in standard library module unittest to be less than optimally simple, and you want to ensure that running unit tests is so simple and painless as to leave simply no excuse for not testing regularly and copiously. SolutionSave the following code in module microtest.py somewhere along your Python sys.path: import types, sys, traceback class TestException(Exception): pass def test(modulename, verbose=None, log=sys.stdout): ''' Execute all functions in the named module which have _ _test_ _ in their name and take no arguments. modulename: name of the module to be tested. verbose: If true, print test names as they are executed Returns None on success, raises exception on failure. ''' module = _ _import_ _(modulename) total_tested = 0 total_failed = 0 for name in dir(module): if '_ _test_ _' in name: obj = getattr(module, name) if (isinstance(obj, types.FunctionType) and not obj.func_code.co_argcount): if verbose: print>>log, 'Testing %s' % name try: total_tested += 1 obj( ) except Exception, e: total_failed += 1 print>>sys.stderr, '%s.%s FAILED' % (modulename, name) traceback.print_exc( ) message = 'Module %s failed %s out of %s unittests.' % ( modulename, total_failed, total_tested) if total_failed: raise TestException(message) if verbose: print>>log, message def _ _test_ _( ): print 'in _ _test_ _' import pretest pretest.pretest('microtest', verbose=True) DiscussionModule unittest in the Python Standard Library is far more sophisticated than this simple microtest module, of course, and I earnestly urge you to study it. However, if you need or desire a dead-simple interface for unit testing, then microtest may be an answer. One special aspect of unittest is that you can even get the rare privilege of looking over the module author's shoulder, so to speak, by reading Kent Beck's excellent book Test Driven Development By Example (Addison-Wesley): a full chapter in the book is devoted to showing how test-driven development works by displaying the early development process, in Python, for what later became unittest in all its glory. Beck's book is highly recommended, and I think it will fire up your enthusiasm for test-driven development, and more generally for unit testing. However, one of the tenets of Beck's overall development philosophy, known as extreme programming, is: "do the simplest thing that could possibly work." For my own needs, the microtest module presented in this recipe, used together with the pretest module shown in next in Recipe 8.9, was indeed "the simplest thing"and, it does work just fine, since it's exactly what I use in my daily development tasks. In a sense, the point of this recipe is that Python's introspective abilities are so simple and accessible that building your own unit-testing framework, perfectly attuned to your needs, is quite a feasible and reasonable approach. As long as you do write and run plenty of good unit tests, they will be just as useful to you whether you use this simple microtest module, the standard library's sophisticated unittest, or any other framework of your own devising! See AlsoDocumentation on the unittest standard library module in the Library Reference and Python in a Nutshell; Kent Beck, Test Driven Development By Example (Addison-Wesley). |


| Aberdare, Merthyr Tydfil, Pontypridd |
Submitted |
| Aberystwyth, Brecknock, Welshpool & Newtown |
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| Blackwood, Newport (Gwent), Pontypool |
Submitted |
| Bridgend, Cardiff |
Submitted |
| Caernarfon, Conwy & Colwyn, Llangefni |
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| Carmarthen, Haverfordwest, Llanelli |
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| Mold, Rhyl, Wrexham |
Submitted |
| Neath & Port Talbot, Swansea |
|


In this page we have reported the choices we have made in relation to the historical documentations of our six styles. We tried to capture the aesthetics, spirit, and inspiration of the chosen periods, updating also them to best fit the new media (such as images, audios or small .gif animations) and to properly adapt them to a scrolling and/or pagination medium. In these ways we hope we gave a nice overview of the evolution of layout design and typography styles across the centuries (or rather, the millennia ).
The inspiration of the style was taken from the Sumerian cuneiform which is known to be the earliest writing system. Its origins can be traced back to about 3,200 BC and it developed from the pictographs and other symbols used to represent trade goods and livestock on clay tablets.
The word cuneiform derives from Latin ‘cuneus’, meaning ‘wedge-shaped’. It refers to the shape made each time while engraving cuneiform symbols with a reed stylus into the clay. In order to convey the idea of Sumerian tokens engraved on the clay texture, we made use of CSS property text-shadow: as well as white contrasting colour to make letters more integral and real.
While manipulating fonts we opted for Kakoulookiam font for headings since the font includes every known glyph for the ancient inscription. Assuming that only a few people can read and understand sumerian script we used the :hover selector to display heading with a readable font when users mouse over them.
For the <p> articles content part we operated a smoother Cuneiform font which tries to emulate ancient script with familiar characters, making them pointed and edgy.
Peskyphoenicians font was used for image captions to create the feeling of extra ancient mystery and make users get a better idea of sumerian style text representation at the visual level. For instance, some letters have the inclination or token symbols similar to that used by the sumerians.
By using column CSS properties we specified the style of the rule between columns to create that “lined” texture inherent to clay tablets.
The history of typewriter typography begins with the nineteenth century. The first typewriter to be commercially successful was invented in 1878. Despite the evolution of typewriters cover more than a century, there are some typographical long lasting conventions that mostly derived from the limitations of the typewriter keyboard itself: the use of monospace fonts (both serif and sans-serif), the paragraph indentation, the practice of underlining text in place of using italics, or the use of all capitals to provide emphasis or to identify titles. Monospaced typefaces were born from the limitations of mechanical typewriters. When the typist pressed a key, the carriage moved the paper the same distance each time, so it was easier to return to a previous printing point to make corrections and do tabulation work. For what concerns the font family, we opted for Special Elite, since it was expressly created to mimic the Smith Corona Special Elite Type No NR6 and Remington Noiseless typewriter models. Furthermore, typewriters were not originally justification-capable machines, mainly because the space between words was fixed. Since the first device which allowed the automatic justification of text was patented most likely in 1920, we decided to keep this layout feature, that fits better the style of the typewriter of the late nineteenth century. In our stylesheet, the spacing between words has been set at 6px. Some examples of this typographic design can be found in Olivetti Archive, while the main historical information were taken from Typographica , a review of typefaces and type books, with occasional commentary on fonts and typographic design founded in 2002.
The background image of the article is a black Corona Typewriter – produced by the Smith Premier Typewriter Company Syracuse – on brown wood planks. On the other hand, as the background of the text we chose to imitate the typical support of typewriters documents, that is the white paper.
The Bauhaus was a German art school founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius in Weimar. The organization combined teachings of architecture, art and design through a rationalistic approach, with a specific attention to new technologies. Fine arts and crafts were the bases of the movement, which in fact was able to deal with all the disciplines, from sculpture to design, from ceramics to graphics.
The style of Bauhaus is commonly characterized as a combination of decoration and functional essentiality. Thus, typical Bauhaus designs – evident in painting, architecture, or interior design – feature little ornamentation and a focus on balanced forms and abstract shapes. In this aspect, the influence of artists as Wassily Kandinsky and Paul Klee, both teachers of the school (the first one from 1919 to 1923 and the second from 1921 to 1931).
Our choices for the typographic design of our Bauhaus Style are based exactly on this essentiality, starting from the background proposed for the page itself. The decorativism and dynamism of this style are due to some expedients such as the rotation of some titles, the insertion of lines and geometric shapes inside the texts, and the use of simple colors – like black and red – but wisely alternated.
Regarding the choice of the font family, we opted for Bauhaus 93 whose design is based on Herbert Bayer's 1925 experimental Universal typeface. It is a decorative font with simple geometric forms and even strokes that give the font a clean and distinctive look. The background image of the article is a recent reproduction of the typical Bauhaus graphics, while the specific color most used in the typography of this style was chosen as the background of the article, which is the #ead2b0 code obtained thanks to the tool Color Zilla, by Google Chrome. Similarly, the exact red color used in real graphics was obtained, the exact code of which is #b93239. Some feedback of what has been described so far can be found in the article "Bauhaus: How the Avant-Garde Transformed Modern Movement" published by My Modern Met and the book The New Architecture and The Bauhaus by Walter Gropius, the founder of the school and the movement.
For the second half of the XX Century we chose Pop art movement, in particular Roy Lichtenstein typography. Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the United Kingdom and the United States during the mid-to late-1950s. In particular, the term "pop art" was officially introduced in December 1962; the occasion was a "Symposium on Pop Art" organized by the Museum of Modern Art. The movement presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular and mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects. Product labeling and logos figure prominently in the imagery chosen by pop artists, seen in the labels of Campbell's Soup Cans, by Andy Warhol. One of its aims is to use images of popular (as opposed to elitist) culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any culture, most often through the use of irony. It is also associated with the artists' use of mechanical means of reproduction or rendering techniques.
We decided to choose Roy Lichtenstein (1923-1997) as the artist of excellence of pop art "typography" for many reasons. It work is exciting, vibrant, and ironic as the '60s were. Its use of parody produces a hard-edged, precise composition that documents while also parodying in a soft manner the old-fashioned comic strip that he chose as subject matter. As the other American artists, bombarded every day with the diversity of mass-produced imagery, Lichtenstein's work features thick outlines, bold colors and Ben-Day dots ("My style just don't come out looking calligraphic, like Pollock's or Kline's.").
Lichtenstein used oil and Magna paint in his best known works, such as 'M-Maybe' (1965), 'Ohhh...Alright...' (1964). and 'Drowning Girl' (1963), the tree artworks that had been chosen as background to the articles. Each of them was appropriated from stories in DC Comics' Secret Hearts, like 'Ohhh...Alright...', taken from #83.
Lichtenstein had a desire that his paintings look as mechanical as possible although he was a painter. He selected teen and action comics as subjects also since they were illustrated by teams that produced source material that was devoid of "personal elements of style". In this sense we also considered Lichtenstein's "typography": because his painting seem mechanical and impersonal, potentially reproducible. Lichtenstein's comics-based women, in fact, "look hard, crisp, brittle, and uniformly modish in appearance, as if they all came out of the same pot of makeup."
All these choices had been made to remain as faithful as possible to the original Lichtenstein's style and with the serialization typical of the typography, in particular here the one of comics strips, with text in balloons, captions, "vulgar language" ($@*#&) and exaggeration (pointed out by question marks).
The decrease in the cost of computing technology in the 1980s led to an arcade explosion and video games popped up everywhere and became a dominant cultural force, having marked the 80’s as the golden age of arcade games.
The whole design is the epitome of arcade game screen from the 80s, games were simple and had little complexity.
The theme song is “Space Invaders" by Australian songwriters recording under the band name Player One in 1979. The song is based on the hugely successful 1978 video game Space Invaders. It was a novelty hit.
To convey the spirit of the golden age of arcade games we made use of the most authentic fonts of the 80s.
SF Atarian System font was inspired by Atari, a video games company originally founded by Ted Dabney and Nolan Bushnell. It is widely considered as the pioneer in arcade games, home video game consoles. SF Atarian System is a close match to those used by Atari on its logo and their 2600 and 5200 cartridges and boxes.
Death Star font is the reminiscent of Star Wars logo from the 80s, the one with the redesigned “W", other letters widen and letter-spacing increased. Apart from being a vivid allegory to a famous movie/game, Death Star font uses uppercases which were extensively used in headings in the printed press during the decade.
Emulogic is a pixel font that makes a reference to pixel fonts developed from the invention of the computer and were based on the on-screen display format of pixels. Those fonts that are based on an array of pixels, are often called Bitmap fonts and are often designed only for a specific point size.
The photo frames in the articles that consists of 2 blue lines as well as dots represent PacMan pattern that is arguably the most famous and influential game to emerge from the ’80s. Furthermore, the dot-matrix pattern is reminiscent of the characters displayed on old text-based terminal screens.
Design manipulates a few basic colors: red, blue, white, black, yellow and orange. The chosen color palette recalls that color scheme used in video games. Furthermore, red, blue, green and orange were popular colors in the printed press in the 80s since the period was characterized by extensive use of vivid, experimental headings to create a totally captivating look.
Instead of project our minds into catastrophic events or thinking about the functional illiteracy that is spreading more and more, we decided to focus on an optimistic future, characterized by clean, healthy, and dynamic features. As written in the paper "Holographic Projection Technology: The World is Changing", one of the most important waves in the future technology will be holographic technology. First of all, holography is the method used to record patterns of light; These patterns are reproduced as a threedimensional image called a hologram.
From the first eye catching success of 3D hologram advertising and promotion, we will soon have the possibility to have holographic devices in our own hands, everyday: the holographic projectors that are under development will be able to be much smaller and portable.
For this reason, we decided to display a real-size possible "holographic mobile phone" held in the hand of a person, with a compact and futuristic design. In the background we put a blurred photograph of a natural area (a park, a garden...) to point out our optimistic vision of the future, accompanying it with sound of birds chirping. The choices of shades of light blue had been made to give a overall feeling of a modern flow, enhanced also by the "breathing" of the holographic device in the hand of the portrayed user, to simulate his/hers own breathing that is passed to it from the body, through the arm and eventually through the hand.
Through a CSS pseudo-selector (":before") we managed to add a personalized message to every article. Since our professor's name is Fabio Vitali, the message, therefore, is "Welcome back, Mr. Fabio. I have selected for you the latest news". To say it is Azuma Hikari, the 'virtual home robot' of the japanese product "Gatebox". (as Business Insider states here, "Gatebox AI is like an Amazon Echo mixed with the movie "Her," but fewer mustaches"). Beyond being your personal assistant, she's intended to be a companion of sorts , a friend, or even a... wife ("Single? Consider a Cross-Dimensional (Human-Hologram) Marriage"). She can text you friendly messages, asking you what are you doing or when are you coming back home. She can tell you she missed you and she is just as interested as you are in sitting on the couch and watching TV.
What is now a weird and expensive device will soon become a matter of everyday life, that will stay in your pocket. Because holographic phone is a thing. Virtual assistant is a thing.
Another message from Azuma Hikari is displayed also at the end of each article (by means, again, of a CSS pseudo-selector, this time ":after"): "Did you enjoy your article, Mr. Fabio? I can show you more". Regarding other formatting choices, the whole text is shown with the Google font Exo 2, a sans serif typeface that tries to convey a technological/futuristic feeling while keeping an elegant design. All the figures have a ":hover" event, that means that when you pass the mouse over them, they double their size, as how it can really be done with today's cell phones, and it probably will be done with holographic ones. Figure captions constitute in the color reversal: the text from black becomes white and the background from light blue to dark blue. Finally, the user will notice the presence of many advertisements (11 in total, for the longest articles) during the scrolling. In fact, we believe that as time goes on advertising will become increasingly invasive and more personalized (want to read something interesting? Here is Eli Pariser's book "The filter bubble", about the state of intellectual isolation that allegedly can result from personalized searches when a website algorithm selectively guesses what information a user would like to see based on information about the user, such as location, past click-behavior ...). Since our professor is a white italian male, with passion in IT and nerdy things, we put advertisements that could fit this kind of user (we propose three examples here, one for tobacco, one for books and one for Netflix).


EncoreUI is a library of reusable AngularJS widgets for internal Rackspace projects.
How to get started with your project using EncoreUI components and styles.
Developer SetupHow to install the EncoreUI codebase locally, to contribute new styles and components
Contribution GuideHow to make and get feedback on pull requests
How to write and run tests
HTML StyleguideGuidelines and standards for writing HTML
CSS StyleguideGuidelines and standards for writing CSS and LESS
JS StyleguideGuidelines and standards for writing JS
API documentation for our directives, services, factories, and filters
Test DocsAPI documentation for our Page Objects
Unit Test CoverageCode coverage report for all Javascript modules
List of what features and updates are included in each release
Common QuestionsAnswers to common questions about the tech stack EncoreUI utilizes
EncoreUI framework
Yeoman Generator (private)Application boilerplate generator
Common Login (private)Encore login application


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Business: Wise.io/GE Digital
Function: Digital Technology
About Us:
At GE Digital, we are creating technology and solutions to enable
social, mobile, analytical and cloud capabilities for the Industrial
Internet. The Industrial Internet is an open, global network that
connects people, data and machines. It’s about making infrastructure
more intelligent and advancing the industries critical to the world we
live in. At GE, we believe it’s about the future of industry—energy,
healthcare, transportation, manufacturing. It’s about making the world
work better. GE offers a great work environment, professional
development, challenging careers, and competitive compensation.
Wise.io is a rapidly growing start-up within GE Digital that is
building high-powered machine learning-based applications to solve
challenging data-driven problems. We are seeking individuals with a
strong background in statistics, machine learning and computer science
who have a passion to build data-driven applications for our summer
internship program (May – August – minimum 10-week commitment). In the
past, our interns have stayed on to work full or part-time with us
after the completion of their internships. GE offers a great work
environment, professional development, challenging careers, and
competitive compensation. GE is an Equal Opportunity
Employer. Employment decisions are made without regard to race, color,
religion, national or ethnic origin, sex, sexual orientation, gender
identity or expression, age, disability, protected veteran status or
other characteristics protected by law.
Role Summary/Purpose:
In this role, you will help build
customer-facing, data-driven applications to solve targeted business
problems. You will have the full power of our proprietary, patented
machine learning technologies at your disposal as well as the support
of our talented Data Science Team (consisting of PhDs and former
university professors in statistics). Benefits of working at Wise/GE
Digital: We are a well-resourced, fast-growing start-up within GE
Digital Our Data Science team is highly motivated, talented &
experienced. We love to teach! Tons of growth potential: you will be
involved in many parts of the business Office in the San Francisco Bay
Area
Qualifications/Requirements:
Basic Qualifications:
Completed a bachelor’s degree by June of 2017 and pursuing a masters
or PhD - degree in Statistics, Computer Science or Applied Math
Eligibility Requirements:
Any offer of employment is conditioned upon
the successful completion of a background investigation and drug
screen
Desired Characteristics:
- Proficiency in Python
- Experience building, testing and deploying data-driven applications
- Demonstrated proficiency in applied machine learning
- Hands-on experience analyzing real-world data
- Strong oral and written communication skills
- Industry software engineering experience
- Experience building custom implementations of ML algorithms
- Consulting experience; directly interacting with clients to scope a problem, build a solution, and communicate the results
- Domain expertise in at least one of the following: imaging data time-series data, event data
- Expertise with big-data tools: Hadoop, Spark, etc.


dev* 2015
examples in Haskell,
but the ideas carry to all functional languages
Disclaimer: I am yet to find the time to think about laws and prove my claims, so be a sceptical reader!
foo :: a -> b
"foo is a function from value of type a to value of type b"
public static <A,B> B foo(A a) {...} // java
(.) :: (b -> c) -> (a -> b) -> (a -> c)
baz = bar . foo
"dot is a function from two functions to a third function"
baz = bar ∘ foo // math
Function<A,C> baz = bar.compose(foo) // java
(types are commented out,
they carry no required information)
a regular function
from a value to a value of possibly another type
--functionAB :: [Int] -> Int
functionAB a = minimum a
--functionBC :: Int -> Int
functionBC b = 42 `div` b
--function :: [Int] -> Int
function = functionBC . functionAB
a lifted or a contextual function
like a -> b
but lifted to work with values in a context
public static <A,B> F<B> foo(F<A> a) {...} // java
this is easily achieved by making f a Functor
--liftedAB :: Maybe [Int] -> Maybe Int
liftedAB = fmap functionAB
--liftedBC :: Maybe Int -> Maybe Int
liftedBC = fmap functionBC
--lifted :: Maybe [Int] -> Maybe Int
lifted = liftedBC . liftedAB
sometimes we want to include some
pass-through context
logging, profiling...
still composable?
an applicative style function
like a -> b
but whole function wrapped in a context
allows the abstraction to do something with the function
public static /* exercise for the reader ;) */ {...} // java
-- composition for Applicatives (why is this not in hackage?)
(<.>) :: Applicative f => f (b -> c) -> f (a -> b) -> f (a -> c)
f <.> g = (.) <$> f <*> g
-- Tuple2 happens to be a suitable Applicative:
type Logged = (,) [String]
--applicativeAB :: Logged ([Int] -> Int)
applicativeAB = (["calculating minimums..."], minimum)
--applicativeBC :: Logged (Int -> Int)
applicativeBC = (["dividing by the value..."], (42 `div` ))
--applicative :: Logged ([Int] -> Int)
applicative = applicativeBC <.> applicativeAB
our example would sometimes divide by zero
and fails with an empty array
could we catch these in the type system?
a monadic function
public static <M,A,B> M<B> foo(A a) {...} // java, in theory...
--monadicAmB :: [Int] -> Maybe Int
monadicAmB [] = Nothing
monadicAmB a = Just (minimum a)
--monadicBmC :: Int -> Maybe Int
monadicBmC 0 = Nothing
monadicBmC b = Just (42 `div` b)
--monadic :: [Int] -> Maybe Int
monadic = monadicBmC <=< monadicAmB
our example has a magic constant
perhaps we would like to get the constant from
an environment?
a comonadic function
public static <W,A,B> B foo(W<A> wa) {...} // java, in theory...
-- Tuple2 happens to be a suitable Comonad,
-- so we can simply pass in the environment e as the left side:
type WithEnv e = (,) e
--comonadic_mAB :: WithEnv Int [Int] -> Int
comonadic_mAB (e,[]) = e
comonadic_mAB (e,a) = minimum a
--comonadic_mBC :: WithEnv Int Int -> Int
comonadic_mBC (e,0) = e
comonadic_mBC (e,b) = e `div` b
--comonadic :: WithEnv Int [Int] -> Int
comonadic = comonadic_mBC =<= comonadic_mAB
foo :: a -> b
bar :: b -> c
baz = bar . foo
foo :: f a -> f b
bar :: f b -> f c
baz = bar . foo
foo :: f (a -> b)
bar :: f (b -> c)
baz = bar <.> foo
<.>
is defined in a few random places...
foo :: a -> m b
bar :: b -> m c
baz = bar <=< foo
<=<
is defined in Control.Monad
foo :: w a -> b
bar :: w b -> c
baz = bar =<= foo
=<=
is defined in Control.Comonad
monad is just an abstraction for
composing certain kind of functions
when functions like a -> m b
compose
(and obey identity and associativity laws)
m
forms a monad
Similarly for comonad. That's it. No burritos.
with monadic functions
you can affect the subsequent behavior
via contextual return values
with comonadic functions,
their behavior can be affected
by context from the input
a passionate developer would like to have both!
--both_wAmB :: WithEnv Int [Int] -> Maybe Int
both_wAmB (e,[]) = Nothing
both_wAmB (e,a) = Just (minimum a)
--both_wBmC :: WithEnv Int Int -> Maybe Int
both_wBmC (e,0) = Nothing
both_wBmC (e,b) = Just (e `div` b)
-- Whoops, how to compose these?
--both :: WithEnv Int [Int] -> Maybe Int
both = undefined
a -> b f a -> f b a -> m b w a -> b f (a -> b) ?
an applicative f (a -> b)
is a really general absraction
can only apply the given argument and return the result
to interact with input and output we need more
data MyFunctionType a b = MyFunctionType (WithEnv Int a -> Maybe b)
could make this an Applicative...
...but wouldn't help with composition
class Category cat where
id :: cat a a
(.) :: cat b c -> cat a b -> cat a c
category gives us composition
instance Category MyFunctionType where
id = MyFunctionType $ Just . snd
MyFunctionType g . MyFunctionType f = MyFunctionType $
\(e,a) -> case f (e,a) of
Nothing -> Nothing
Just b -> g (e,b)
--cat_AB :: MyFunctionType [Int] Int
cat_AB = MyFunctionType f
where f (_,[]) = Nothing
f (_,a) = Just (minimum a)
--cat_BC :: MyFunctionType Int Int
cat_BC = MyFunctionType f
where f (_,0) = Nothing
f (e,b) = Just (e `div` b)
--cat :: MyFunctionType [Int] Int
cat = cat_BC . cat_AB
now we can compose our sophisticated type
so that's it
... or could we get more?
class Functor f where
fmap :: (a -> b) -> f a -> f b
actually, a covariant functor
class ContraFunctor f where
contramap :: (a -> b) -> f b -> f a
a contravariant functor
homework: Google for covariance and contravariance
class Profunctor p where
dimap :: (a -> b) -> (c -> d) -> p b c -> p a d
a functor of two type parameters,
first contravariant, second covariant
contravariant argument can be seen as input,
covariant as output
an ordinary function is a profunctor (it has input and output), but other things can be profunctors too
class Profunctor p => Strong p where
first' :: p a b -> p (a, c) (b, c)
capability to "drop in" values to "pass through"
simple and generic concept
combining these we get
component networks!
stream transformers, simple automata, FRP, Music signals, ...
class Profunctor p => Choice p where
left' :: p a b -> p (Either a c) (Either b c)
can "choose its output type based on its input"
this gives us branching!
class Profunctor p => Costrong p where
unfirst :: p (a, d) (b, d) -> p a b
can "drop out" values from input and output type
this gives us feedback loops!
all these simple concepts
are combined in a powerful interface:
instance Arrow MyFunctionType where
arr = MyFunctionType . dimap snd Just
first = first'
instance ArrowChoice MyFunctionType where
left = left'
instance ArrowLoop MyFunctionType where
loop = unfirst
different kinds of functions and "functions"
all can be composed,
although the operator looks different
but it's just syntax
functional programming is all about
functions and composition
we can do composition
even though our functions are a bit weird
we can do composition
even when our functions are more than functions
recognize when you need
function composition
in any language
Haskell abstracts everything
but the concepts carry to other languages
this was just the tip of the iceberg
keep learning!
code from this presentation:
https://gist.github.com/jyrimatti/797a9546fa0b456fc948


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