on
DSLR timelapse
I’ve started a new project: using a Raspberry Pi to create a timelapse on a DSLR. I’ve recently moved to Binghamton NY, and from my 8th floor apartment, I have an amazing view of rolling hills. In the morning, clouds cover the summits. Preludes to rain drape the sky in rolling whites and greys. But I can’t communicate any of this to my parents back in Singapore, and while words could paint a picture, an actual picture is worth a 1000 words. And I imagine a timelapse is worth a million or so.
I had a bit of a challenge figuring out how to do a timelapse. This is a tutorial that I hope will help someone else facing the same challenges. I used my DSLR in this tutorial, but most cameras are supported. See here to see compatible cameras and available functionality.
Putting it together: the hardware
I already have a DSLR 700D. I also have a raspberry pi. It’s a simple task to connect the two.
- raspberry pi B+ with a 5v 2.5A power supply
- DSLR
- USB to mini-usb or whichever cable connects to your camera
Putting it together: the code
gphoto2
The code is extremely simple. But like most of my DIY projects, I came across problems that are caused because tech hates me as much as I love it. I will say now that the tutorials I used to put my project together are somewhat outdated or have an inefficent approach. For example, in the pimylife: Raspberry Pi DSLR Camera Control tutorial, don’t install gphoto2 to the raspberry pi from GitHub. I recommend just using your package manager.
# debian/ubuntu/pop-os
sudo apt install gphoto2
Installing gphoto2 from github gave me a headache. It would detect the camera, but unable to capture photos. If gphoto2 installed correctly, run the following:
# is gphoto2 installed?
gphoto2 --version
If it worked, try connecting your DSLR to the pi and running the following. It should return the name of your camera:
gphoto2 --auto-detect
Simple bash script
Now you need a script to control the camera. Gphoto2 has a series of configurations that can be setup. Things such as aperture, shutter speed, white-balance, etc. The avilable configurations change camera-to-camera. See the documentation to see whats avilable for your camera. These configurations can be set using –set-config. The first thing you want to state in the script is where to save the photos. This was one of my original headaches.
# Where to save the script: DSLR's SD-card (1)
gphoto2 --set-config capturetarget=1
after that, I created a simple loop that waited for x period of time before taking another photo:
x=1
until [ $x -gt 10 ]
do
gphoto2 --capture-image --camera 'Canon EOS 700D'
# x=$((x+1))
echo $x
sleep 2m
done
Don’t forget to replace the variable given for --camera
with your own camera ID!
To change how long the gap between photos is, you can simply adjust the value for sleep. Right now,
its every 2 minutes. You can set it up for every x seconds (sleep xs
), x hours (sleep xh
), or
fraction of time (sleep xs ym zh
). This gives this very simple bash script that will take photos
non-stop until the script is ended.
#!/usr/bin/env
# Author: SNTag
# Date: 2020-Oct-25th
# Where to save the script: DSLR's SD-card (1)
gphoto2 --set-config capturetarget=1
# time-loop
x=1
until [ $x -gt 10 ]
do
gphoto2 --capture-image --camera 'Canon EOS 700D'
# x=$((x+1))
echo $x
sleep 2m
done
You might have noticed the commented-out line x=$((x+1))
. I wrote the code this way initially to limit the number of pictures taken in the timelapse to 10 photos. You might want to make use of this functionality too, just uncomment that line and replace the 10 in until [ $x -gt 10]
with your own number.
Running the bash script
Running the bash script could be different person-to-person. If you have a screen and keyboard attached to the pi, its as simple as starting a terminal and running bash on the script. If you did not set up the script to take x number of photos, simply press Ctrl-x to stop the photos. The script could be made more complex, but this works for me.
In a headerless set-up, it can be harder to keep the camera running if the ssh breaks connection. There are two solutions. I recommend using tmux, not the approach I took (I added it to rc.local. I simply restart the pi and it starts working. It makes sense for my unique current situation.).
If using tmux, it’s a simple task to create a session that can be reconnected to whenever you want. I’m learning the details about it now and will update this when I have more experience with it.
Putting it together: blender
Now the final part: creating the actual timelapse. There are probably easier ways to do this, but I opted for blender to compile it. It seems to be highly recommended, and I imagine the depth of tools will help when I start making good time-lapses. Before getting into blender, move the photos you will make a time lapse of to somewhere on your computer and lets do some pre-processing.
Preparing the photos
The first step is to prepare the photos. You will want to make the luminosity for your photos consistent. There is a simple script on github to do this. Don’t worry, this script will NOT affect your original photos! You will want to download this repo to your computer:
# download timelapse-deflicker. will require 'git'
git clone https://github.com/cyberang3l/timelapse-deflicker
Copy the script timelapse-deflicker.pl
to where you placed your photos. When run, it will
determine the luminosity per photo in the directory and average them to reduce flickering in the
final steps of making a timelapse! The modified photos will be placed in the same directory under
‘./Deflickered’. To run the script, run this command in the directory:
./timelapse-deflicker.pl -p 2 -v
Blender
Note: I used blender 2.82.
I have never used blender before. I have intentionally missed a few steps to get a finished product. The software is complicated, has tons of features, and out of my league for the time-being. But I did manage to get it working, and this is how I did it.
The obvious first step is to get blender:
# install blender (debian/ubuntu/pop-os)
sudo apt install blender
After starting blender, there should be an options menu. Select ‘video editing’.
From there, import pictures by clicking ‘add > Image/Sequence’ button. It should be roughly in the middle-left of the screen. Move to the directory with the deflickered photos and import.
You should now have your photos in blender and running as a timelapse! Now it’s time for some adjustments to the video itself. On the bottom right corner, you should see ‘start’ and ‘end’. You will want to modify the ‘end’ value to end around where your timelapse ends. If you cant get the exact value, you can drag the end of the photo-region to extend/compress it.
Move to ‘Output Properties’, and modify the frame rate in ‘Output Properties > Dimensions’ as shown below. Each ‘frame’ in frame rate is a picture. So 24fps is 24 images per second. That may be too fast or too slow depending on the number of pictures you took.
Move to ‘Output Properties > Output’, and select the file format you want it as. I used FFmpeg. Importantly, under ‘Output’, you will see where rendered videos will go to. On my computer, its ‘/tmp/'. Make sure to remember this or change it as appropriate. You may also want to mess with compression with change the picture quality, its up to you.
Finally, on the task menu, select ‘Render > Render animation’. A separate window will pop up, showing each frame of your time-lapse in slow motion. This is the system rendering your movie. Don’t close this window and wait for it to finish. This step will take a while.
Once it’s done, you can close the extra window. The final movie has been rendered to the directory mentioned above (for me, ‘/tmp/'). Go to that directory and look for the right video file.
Future plans
After all of this, you should have a final product! The very first timelapse I have made using this approach can be found here! Its not quite in the style I want. My DSLR failed to get a proper focus in some of the frames. I’m not sure how to solve this problem. I would assume that setting the focus to infinity should do it, but my lens does not have any focus indicators.
Other possible improvements require being gear hungry…and by gear, I also mean the kind in motors. I hope to build my own camera slider. That is a project I can do easily enough with the raspberry pi as well. I’m hoping to eventually develop this project to take a timelapse of seasons as seen from my window. I face other challenges too. The battery is nowhere near enough. My first timelapse was as short as it was because the battery died. I need to get either an expanded camera grip with room for multiple batteries or a dummy battery. Since I can’t find a reputable dummy camera at a reasonable price (I am not going to risk my DSLR with the 20-30USD batteries I have seen), the best option is to increase battery supply.
References
BLOG — Joe Giampaoli: Time-lapse Photography with Linux
BLOG — Alister’s Skygazing: Blender Time-Lapse Tutorial
YOUTUBE — Blender 2.8 Video Editing - Video Speed / Time Lapse


- BaseAssociations - Class in core.associations
-
The Class BaseAssociations keeps all the associations and
index the groups in the fragment in order to speed up the
get of rows in groups.
- BaseAssociations() - Constructor for class core.associations.BaseAssociations
-
Instantiates a new base associations.
- BaseConstraints - Class in core.constraints
-
The Class BaseConstraints keeps track of constraints
and fragments in order to check if two rows are
considered alike in a fragment (either for a single
constraint or for all the ones insisting on the fragment).
- BaseConstraints() - Constructor for class core.constraints.BaseConstraints
-
- BaseExporter - Class in exporter
-
The BaseExporter represent an exporter of
Loose associations.
- BaseExporter(BaseTable, BaseFragments, BaseAssociations, Logger) - Constructor for class exporter.BaseExporter
-
Instantiates a new base exporter.
- BaseExporter(BaseTable, BaseFragments, BaseAssociations) - Constructor for class exporter.BaseExporter
-
Instantiates a new base exporter.
- BaseFragments - Class in core.fragments
-
The Class BaseFragments represents a list of fragments.
- BaseFragments() - Constructor for class core.fragments.BaseFragments
-
- BaseGeneratedTable - Class in core.tables
-
The Class BaseGeneratedTable.
- BaseGeneratedTable(int, int, Logger) - Constructor for class core.tables.BaseGeneratedTable
-
Instantiates a new base generated table.
- BaseGeneratedTable(int, int) - Constructor for class core.tables.BaseGeneratedTable
-
Instantiates a new base generated table.
- BaseProblemView - Class in gui.views
-
The Class BaseProblemView.
- BaseProblemView(ProblemController) - Constructor for class gui.views.BaseProblemView
-
Create the view.
- BaseQuerier - Class in querier
-
The Class BaseQuerier represents a general querier.
- BaseQuerier(Logger) - Constructor for class querier.BaseQuerier
-
Instantiates a new base querier.
- BaseQuerier() - Constructor for class querier.BaseQuerier
-
Instantiates a new base querier.
- BaseTable - Class in core.tables
-
The Class BaseTable represents the most general type of table that the
loose solver can use.
- BaseTable(Logger) - Constructor for class core.tables.BaseTable
-
Abstract constructor called by all the implementations to setup the logger.
- BaseTable() - Constructor for class core.tables.BaseTable
-
Instantiates a new base table.
- btnChooseInputFile - Variable in class gui.views.RealProblemView
-
The btn choose input file.
- btnChooseOutputPath - Variable in class gui.views.BaseProblemView
-
The btn choose output path.
- btnRun - Variable in class gui.views.QuerierView
-
The btn run.
- btnStart - Variable in class gui.views.BaseProblemView
-
The btn start.
- btnStop - Variable in class gui.views.BaseProblemView
-
The btn stop.


|
A very simple, yet powerful architecture, that is also very robust. It consists of any number of components
(filters) that transform or filter data, before passing it on via connectors (pipes) to other
components.
The filters are all working at the same time.
The architecture is often used as a simple sequence, but it may also be used for very complex structures.
The filter transforms or filters the data it receives via the pipes with which it is connected.
A filter can have any number of input pipes and any number of output pipes.
The pipe is the connector that passes data from one filter to the next. It is a directional stream of data, that is
usually implemented by a data buffer to store all data, until the next filter has time to process it.
The pump or producer is the data source. It can be a static text file, or a keyboard input device,
continously creating new data.
The sink or consumer is the data target. It can be a another file, a database, or a computer screen.
Examples
- Unix programs. The output of one program can be linked to the input of another program.
- Compilers. The consecutive filters perform lexical analysis, parsing, semantic analysis, and code generation.
Where does it come from?
The popularity of the architecture is mainly due to the Unix operating system. It has become popular because
Ken Thomson (who created Unix, together with Dennis Ritchie) decided to limit the architecture to a linear
pipeline. Using the architecture at all was an idea of Doug McIlroy, their manager at Bell Labs at the time (1972).
Both filters (coroutines) and pipes (streams) were not new, but it is not clear to me who designed
the architecture of linking the coroutines by streams. As far as I can see, the design was made by Doug McIlroy.
When should you use it?
This architecture is great if you have a lot of transformations to perform and you need to be very flexible
in using them, yet you want them to be robust.
How does it work?
The application links together all inputs and outputs of the filters by pipes, then spawns separate threads
for each filter to run in.
Here's an idea of the relationships that can be created between the different filter processes, through pipes.
All filters are processes that run (virtually) at the same time. That means, they can run as different
threads, coroutines, or be located on different machines entirely.
Every pipe connected to a filter has its own role in the function of the filter. So if you connect a pipe,
you also need to specify the role it plays in the filter process.
The filters should be made so robust that pipes can be added and removed at runtime.
Every time the filter performs a step, it reads from its input pipes, performs its function on this data,
and places the result on all output pipes. If there is insufficient data in the input pipes, the filter
simply waits.
The architecture also allows for a recursive technique, whereby a filter itself consists of a pipe-filter
sequence:
Problems
- If a filter needs to wait until it has received all data (e.g. a sort filter), its data buffer may overflow, or it may deadlock.
- If the pipes only allow for a single data type (a character or byte) the filters will need to do
some parsing. This complicates things and slows them down. If you create different pipes for different datatypes,
you cannot link any pipe to any filter.
Common implementation techniques
- Filters are commonly implemented by separate threads. These may be either hardware or software threads/coroutines.
Links
|
|


{% load static %}
The scheduling solution for your technical workforce.
On this page, you'll find manuals, training material and other job-related documetation.


Views
A view is a view of all entities (File, Folder, Project, Table, Docker Repository, View) within one or more Projects or Folders. Views can:
Provide a way of isolating or linking data based on similarities
Provide the ability to link entities together by their annotations
Allow view/editing entities attributes in bulk
Allow entities to be easily searched and queried
Let’s go over some examples to demonstrate how view works. First, create a new project and add some files:
import synapseclient
from synapseclient import Project, File, Column, Table, EntityViewSchema, EntityViewType
syn = synapseclient.Synapse()
syn.login()
# Create a new project
project = syn.store(Project("test view"))
# Create some files
file1 = syn.store(File(path="path/to/file1.txt", parent=project))
file2 = syn.store(File(path="path/to/file2.txt", parent=project))
# add some annotations
syn.setAnnotations(file1, {"contributor":"Sage", "class":"V"})
syn.setAnnotations(file2, {"contributor":"UW", "rank":"X"})
Creating a View
To create a view, defines its name, columns, parent, scope, and the type of the view:
view = EntityViewSchema(name="my first file view",
columns=[
Column(name="contributor", columnType="STRING"),
Column(name="class", columnType="STRING"),
Column(name="rank", columnType="STRING")),
parent=project['id'],
scopes=project['id'],
includeEntityTypes=[EntityViewType.FILE, EntityViewType.FOLDER],
addDefaultViewColumns=True)
view = syn.store(view)
We support the following entity type in a View:
EntityViewType.FILE
EntityViewType.PROJECT
EntityViewType.TABLE
EntityViewType.FOLDER
EntityViewType.VIEW
EntityViewType.DOCKER
To see the content of your newly created View, use syn.tableQuery()
:
query_results = syn.tableQuery("select * from %s" % view['id'])
data = query_results.asDataFrame()
Updating Annotations using View
To update class
annotation for file2
, simply update the view:
# Retrieve the view data using table query
query_results = syn.tableQuery("select * from %s" % view['id'])
data = query_results.asDataFrame()
# Modify the annotations by modifying the view data and store it
data["class"] = ["V", "VI"]
syn.store(Table(view['id'], data))
The change in annotations reflect in synGetAnnotations():
syn.getAnnotations(file2['id'])
A View is a Table. Please visit Tables to see how to change schema, update content, and other operations that can be done on View.


The Futures data feed consolidates market data across the following markets:
The data feed is powered by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME).
The data feed doesn't include the CFE market. For Futures.Indices.VIX
, use a combination of the QuantConnect and IB data feeds. For more details about this option, see Hybrid QuantConnect Data Feed.


View Borden Lofts Logan Utah Images. Utah ~ quality framed art. When you think of the fall season, what do you think of most?
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Borden terrill, 61alexandria bryant, 30rebecca eubanks, 56.
You will find program descriptions, prices and reviews for every course. The 2010 census recorded the population was 48,174, with an estimated population of 51,542 in 2018. Logan is the county seat of cache county and the principal city of the logan metropolitan area, which includes cache county and franklin county, idaho. Logan lofts define the true urban experience.


Spanx Founder Sara Blakely Buys Olivia Newton-John’s ‘Grease’ Leather Pants at Auction
Blakey purchased the iconic costume for $162,000.
by Layla IlchiOlivia Newton-John’s iconic “Grease” leather pants have found a new owner.
Spanx founder Sara Blakely snapped up the costume, which Newton-John wore when she played the role of Sandy in the 1978 film, at an auction the actress participated in to support her Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness & Research Centre. Blakely paid $162,000 for the leather pants.
“I have been the biggest fan of Olivia since I was a little girl, since ‘Grease’ came out,” Blakely said in an interview on “CBS This Morning” on Tuesday. “My friend called me two days before the auction. I didn’t know it was happening and she said, ‘Sara, they’re putting the pants up, the outfit for charity,’ and I thought, ‘Oh my god, I’ve got to try to get these.’”
She also purchased Newton-John’s custom “Pink Ladies” jacket made by the film’s cast and crew.
Blakely’s admiration for Newton-John goes further than being a fan of “Grease.” She enlisted the actress to sing at her wedding in 2008 and she credits Newton-John as the inspiration behind Spanx’s faux leather leggings.
“I’m going to frame [the leather pants] and hang them at Spanx,” Blakely continued.  She is the OG of black leggings. I had to own them as the Spanx founder.”
Newton-John worked with Julien’s Auctions to sell 500 of her costumes, accessories and personal items to benefit her charity. She also auctioned off the original script for “Grease,” the Fifties-inspired pink lace gown she wore to the film’s premiere and her custom, thigh-high suede Western boots and Missoni knit harem pants from the 1980 fantasy film, “Xanadu,” among other items.
Read more here:
Jackie Kennedy’s Letters Highlight Cassini Estate Auction
Sotheby’s to Auction Buccellati and French High Jewelry
Sotheby’s Paris to Auction Vintage Collection of Martin Margiela
WATCH: The Best and Worst Celebrity Halloween Costumes


Crime Status
<<<<<<< HEAD| User | User Phone | User Email | Crime Type | Crime Severity | Crime Location | Crime Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{uName}} | {{ph}} | {{email}} | {{ctype}} | {{clevel}} | {{locatn}} | {{cdet}} |
| No. | User | User Phone | User Email | Crime Type | Crime Severity | Crime Location | Crime Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rahul Mistry | +918452070570 |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| Theft | 1 | Bhandup Village, Bhandup East, Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban, Maharashtra, IND | My MI Phone was stolen. |
| No. | User | User Phone | User Email | Crime Type | Crime Severity | Crime Location | Crime Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prachit Mhalgi | +919594888717 |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| Bombing | 3 | Chandivali, Andheri East, Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban, Maharashtra, IND | Momb Alert received. | |
| 2 | Kalpesh Mataghare | +919873732123 |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| Theft | 1 | Railway Station, Mulund West, Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban, Maharashtra, IND | Watch stolen at train station. | |
| 3 | Girish Thatte | +918452070570 |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| Robbery | 1 | Appetite-Resto Bar, Powai, Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban, Maharashtra, 400072, IND | A lady's bag was stolen by two men on bike. | |
| 4 | Amisha Waghela | +919987718876 |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| Assault | 1 | Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital & Medical Research Institute, Andheri West, Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban, Maharashtra, 400053, IND | The crime was witnessed by me while entering the hospital. A person was aasaulted while entering | |
| 5 | Rahul Mistry | +918452070570 |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| Theft | 1 | Bhandup Village, Bhandup East, Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban, Maharashtra, IND | My MI Phone was stolen. |
| User | User Phone | User Email | Crime Type | Crime Severity | Crime Location | Crime Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{uName}} | {{ph}} | {{email}} | {{ctype}} | {{clevel}} | {{locatn}} | {{cdet}} |
| No. | User | User Phone | User Email | Crime Type | Crime Severity | Crime Location | Crime Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rahul Mistry | +918452070570 |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| Theft | 1 | Bhandup Village, Bhandup East, Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban, Maharashtra, IND | My MI Phone was stolen. |
| No. | User | User Phone | User Email | Crime Type | Crime Severity | Crime Location | Crime Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prachit Mhalgi | +919594888717 |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| Bombing | 3 | Chandivali, Andheri East, Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban, Maharashtra, IND | Momb Alert received. | |
| 2 | Kalpesh Mataghare | +919873732123 |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| Theft | 1 | Railway Station, Mulund West, Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban, Maharashtra, IND | Watch stolen at train station. | |
| 3 | Girish Thatte | +918452070570 |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| Robbery | 1 | Appetite-Resto Bar, Powai, Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban, Maharashtra, 400072, IND | A lady's bag was stolen by two men on bike. | |
| 4 | Amisha Waghela | +919987718876 |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| Assault | 1 | Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital & Medical Research Institute, Andheri West, Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban, Maharashtra, 400053, IND | The crime was witnessed by me while entering the hospital. A person was aasaulted while entering | |
| 5 | Rahul Mistry | +918452070570 |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| Theft | 1 | Bhandup Village, Bhandup East, Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban, Maharashtra, IND | My MI Phone was stolen. |


Galate:
Go see Elder Casian and bring back his
Blue Crystal
.
Otherwise, just admit that you lied to me.


{%load bootstrap%} {% bootstrap_css %}
Home
Index
view my files
company files
Delete file
add file
Sign out
{%csrf_token%}
Delete Employee
select employee name
{% for obj in a %}
{{obj.employee_id}}
{%endfor%}


This utility allows you to package H5P files into SCORM 1.2 files. It's licensed under the MIT license and the
source code can be found on GitHub.
To package a H5P file into a SCORM package, select a file from your disk and click on "Package". Your browser will
then download the SCORM package as a zip file. You can put this zip file into a LMS of your choice.
Note:
Your H5P file is uploaded to the server of this utility during the packaging process!
Advantages of packaging H5P content into SCORM (in comparison to embedding from external sites or using the built-in H5P module of your LMS):
Sebastian Rettig
Heidestr. 57
D-90542 Eckental
Germany
Effective date: March 05, 2019
H5P SCORM packager ("us", "we", or "our") operates the https://deutsche-h5p-uebersetzungscommunity.tk/scorm-h5p/ website (the "Service").
This page informs you of our policies regarding the collection, use, and disclosure of personal data when you use our Service and the choices you have associated with that data. Our Privacy Policy for H5P SCORM packager is created with the help of the Free Privacy Policy website.
We use your data to provide and improve the Service. By using the Service, you agree to the collection and use of information in accordance with this policy. Unless otherwise defined in this Privacy Policy, terms used in this Privacy Policy have the same meanings as in our Terms and Conditions, accessible from https://deutsche-h5p-uebersetzungscommunity.tk/scorm-h5p/
We collect several different types of information for various purposes to provide and improve our Service to you.
We collect information how the Service is accessed and used ("Usage Data") in logs. This Usage Data may include information such as your computer's Internet Protocol address (e.g. IP address), browser type, browser version, the pages of our Service that you visit, the time and date of your visit, the time spent on those pages, unique device identifiers and other diagnostic data.
H5P content you upload is only stored temporarily on our servers and deleted after the file has been packaged.
H5P SCORM packager uses the collected data for various purposes:
Your information, including Personal Data, may be transferred to — and maintained on — computers located outside of your state, province, country or other governmental jurisdiction where the data protection laws may differ than those from your jurisdiction.
If you are located outside Germany and choose to provide information to us, please note that we transfer the data, including Personal Data, to Germany and process it there.
Your consent to this Privacy Policy followed by your submission of such information represents your agreement to that transfer.
H5P SCORM packager will take all steps reasonably necessary to ensure that your data is treated securely and in accordance with this Privacy Policy and no transfer of your Personal Data will take place to an organization or a country unless there are adequate controls in place including the security of your data and other personal information.
H5P SCORM packager may disclose your Personal Data in the good faith belief that such action is necessary to:
The security of your data is important to us, but remember that no method of transmission over the Internet, or method of electronic storage is 100% secure. While we strive to use commercially acceptable means to protect your Personal Data, we cannot guarantee its absolute security.
Log files are automatically deleted after two months.
We may employ third party companies and individuals to facilitate our Service ("Service Providers"), to provide the Service on our behalf, to perform Service-related services or to assist us in analyzing how our Service is used.
These third parties have access to your Personal Data only to perform these tasks on our behalf and are obligated not to disclose or use it for any other purpose.
Our Service may contain links to other sites that are not operated by us. If you click on a third party link, you will be directed to that third party's site. We strongly advise you to review the Privacy Policy of every site you visit.
We have no control over and assume no responsibility for the content, privacy policies or practices of any third party sites or services.
Our Service does not address anyone under the age of 18 ("Children").
We do not knowingly collect personally identifiable information from anyone under the age of 18. If you are a parent or guardian and you are aware that your Children has provided us with Personal Data, please contact us. If we become aware that we have collected Personal Data from children without verification of parental consent, we take steps to remove that information from our servers.
You have these rights concerning your personal data:
If you wish to make use of your rights, please contact us by visiting this page on our website: https://deutsche-h5p-uebersetzungscommunity.tk/contact/
We may update our Privacy Policy from time to time. We will notify you of any changes by posting the new Privacy Policy on this page.
You are advised to review this Privacy Policy periodically for any changes. Changes to this Privacy Policy are effective when they are posted on this page.
If you have any questions about this Privacy Policy, please contact us:
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2019 Sebastian Rettig
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE


Contains functions for fitting hierarchical versions of EVSD, UVSD, DPSD, DPSD with d' restricted to be positive, and our gamma signal detection model to recognition memory confidence-ratings data.
| Version: | 0.3-3 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 1.8.0), methods |
| Published: | 2018-04-06 |
| Author: | Michael S. Pratte |
| Maintainer: | Mike Pratte <prattems at gmail.com> |
| License: | LGPL-2 | LGPL-2.1 | LGPL-3 [expanded from: LGPL (≥ 2.0)] |
| URL: | http://pcn.psychology.msstate.edu/ |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| CRAN checks: | hbmem results |
| Reference manual: | hbmem.pdf |
| Package source: | hbmem_0.3-3.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: hbmem_0.3-3.zip, r-release: hbmem_0.3-3.zip, r-oldrel: hbmem_0.3-3.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: hbmem_0.3-3.tgz, r-oldrel: hbmem_0.3-3.tgz |
| Old sources: | hbmem archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=hbmem to link to this page.


From the newsletter ... |
|
All good gifts around us..........Harvest is a time when we give thanks for God's provision for us. Something here in England we have come to take for granted. Sometimes we notice a price increase in produce when a particular crop somewhere in the world is poor, but we have never experienced empty supermarket shelves on a large scale. It is therefore the farmer who feels the pinch, for us it is just an inconvenience. It was so good to see our harvest thanksgivings so well attended this year. I know that many of you found our service in the Cogges Manor Farm Museum a joyful and moving experience. .......are sent from heaven above.....HOPE FOR BURUNDI You may not know that for some years now St Mary's Cogges has had a link with Burundi. Many in Burundi struggle to survive. Crops cannot be guaranteed and the country has been torn apart by civil war. Through a scheme run by Christian Aid we have been able to purchase around 200 goats to give to poor people in Burundi. The goats provide milk to drink, much needed nourishment for children. They also produce manure that can be used to help crops grow. Needless to say goats produce more goats, the first 10 are returned to Christian Aid's partners in Burundi to be given to another needy family. In this way a small gift is recycled and goes a long way. The next time we sit down to a meal that we have prepared with readily available produce, let us remember those who produce it for us and those elsewhere whose whole day is taken up with the search for food. Let us be thankful for the plentiful provision we enjoy. ...then thank the Lord for all his love....Cogges Parish | Other articles | Feedback © 2003; Published in Cogges Parish monthly newsletter, October 2003 |


This is where I will write some really cool stuff about the Hartsville-Trousdale County Christmas Parade


This article motivates the use of Dependency Injection (DI) in R from a rather academic and theoretical point of view, that should be complemented with a more practical approach, as exposed in the package’s vignette for instance (see vignette("modulr")
). It mainly resumes the motivation and explanation given for Angular’s use of DI (credit to Google). For in-depth discussion about DI, see Dependency Injection at Wikipedia, Inversion of Control by Martin Fowler, or read about DI in your favorite software design pattern book.
Generally speaking, there are only three ways a component can get a hold of its dependencies:
The first two options of creating or looking up dependencies are not optimal because they hard code the dependency to the component. This makes it difficult, if not impossible, to modify the dependencies. This is especially problematic in tests, where it is often desirable to provide mock dependencies for test isolation.
The third option is the most viable, since it removes the responsibility of locating the dependency from the component. The dependency is simply handed to the component. To illustrate this, let’s build a simplistic car composed of a roaring engine and some gleaming wheels.
# This function returns a roaring engine.
engine_provider <- function() {
list(
start = function() message("Engine started."),
stop = function() message("Engine stopped.")
)
}
# This function returns gleaming wheels.
wheels_provider <- function() {
list(
roll = function() message("Wheels rolling."),
brake = function() message("Wheels braking.")
)
}
# This function returns a car provided with an engine and some wheels.
car_provider <- function(engine, wheels) {
list(
start = function() {
message("Car started.")
engine$start()
},
drive = function(speed, destination) {
wheels$roll()
message("Car driving at ", speed, " to ", destination, ".")
wheels$brake()
},
stop = function() {
engine$stop()
message("Car stopped")
}
)
}
In the above example, car_provider
is not concerned with creating or locating the engine
and wheels
dependencies, it is simply handed the engine
and wheels
when it is called. It is desirable, but it puts the responsibility of getting hold of the dependencies on the code that calls car_provider
.
engine <- engine_provider()
wheels <- wheels_provider()
car <- car_provider(engine, wheels)
car$start()
#> Car started.
#> Engine started.
car$drive("50 km/h", "home")
#> Wheels rolling.
#> Car driving at 50 km/h to home.
#> Wheels braking.
car$stop()
#> Engine stopped.
#> Car stopped
For instance, if one decides to change wheels
, a new dependency has to be explicitly created and passed to car_provider
.
To manage the responsibility of dependency creation, modulr relies on an injector. The injector is a service locator that is responsible for construction and lookup of dependencies. Here is an example of using the injector service:
Create a new injector that can provide modules.
library(modulr)
#> This is modulr version <IP_ADDRESS>08
#>
#> Attaching package: 'modulr'
#> The following object is masked from 'package:base':
#>
#> browser
my_injector <- new_injector()
Teach the injector how to build the car
, engine
and wheels
modules. Notice that car
is dependent on the engine
and wheels
modules.
my_injector$provider(
name = "car",
dependencies = list(engine = "engine", wheels = "wheels"),
provider = car_provider)
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] Defining 'car' ... OK
my_injector$provider(name = "engine", provider = engine_provider)
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] Defining 'engine' ... OK
my_injector$provider(name = "wheels", provider = wheels_provider)
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] Defining 'wheels' ... OK
Request our car
module from the injector.
car <- my_injector$get("car")
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] Making 'car' ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] * Visiting and defining dependencies ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] * Constructing dependency graph ... OK
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] * Sorting 2 dependencies with 2 relations ... on 1 layer, OK
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] * Evaluating new and outdated dependencies ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] ** Evaluating #1/2 (layer #1/1): 'wheels' ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] ** Evaluating #2/2 (layer #1/1): 'engine' ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] DONE ('car' in 0.053 secs)
car$start(); car$drive("120 km/h", "the University of Lausanne"); car$stop()
#> Car started.
#> Engine started.
#> Wheels rolling.
#> Car driving at 120 km/h to the University of Lausanne.
#> Wheels braking.
#> Engine stopped.
#> Car stopped
In this setting, changing wheels
is then straightforward:
my_injector$provider(
name = "wheels",
provider = function() {
list(
roll = function() message("Brand-new wheels rolling."),
brake = function() message("Brand-new wheels braking.")
)
}
)
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] Re-defining 'wheels' ... OK
car <- my_injector$get("car")
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] Making 'car' ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] * Visiting and defining dependencies ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] * Constructing dependency graph ... OK
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] * Sorting 2 dependencies with 2 relations ... on 1 layer, OK
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] * Evaluating new and outdated dependencies ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] ** Evaluating #1/2 (layer #1/1): 'wheels' ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] DONE ('car' in 0.041 secs)
car$start(); car$drive("150 km/h", "the University of Lausanne"); car$stop()
#> Car started.
#> Engine started.
#> Brand-new wheels rolling.
#> Car driving at 150 km/h to the University of Lausanne.
#> Brand-new wheels braking.
#> Engine stopped.
#> Car stopped
Notice that the injector did only re-evaluate wheels
and car
, while engine
was kept untouched: modulr treats modules as singletons.
Asking for dependencies solves the issue of hard coding, but it also means that the injector needs to be passed throughout the application. Passing the injector breaks the Law of Demeter. To remedy this, we combine the use of an ambient injector (a default injector is bound to modulr) and a declarative notation, to hand the responsibility of creating modules over the injector, as in this example:
"car" %requires% list(engine = "engine", wheels = "wheels") %provides% car_provider
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] Defining 'car' ... OK
"engine" %provides% engine_provider
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] Defining 'engine' ... OK
"wheels" %provides% wheels_provider
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] Defining 'wheels' ... OK
car <- make("car")
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] Making 'car' ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] * Visiting and defining dependencies ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] * Constructing dependency graph ... OK
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] * Sorting 2 dependencies with 2 relations ... on 1 layer, OK
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] * Evaluating new and outdated dependencies ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] ** Evaluating #1/2 (layer #1/1): 'wheels' ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] ** Evaluating #2/2 (layer #1/1): 'engine' ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:49 UTC] DONE ('car' in 0.042 secs)
car$start(); car$drive("120 km/h", "the University of Lausanne"); car$stop()
#> Car started.
#> Engine started.
#> Wheels rolling.
#> Car driving at 120 km/h to the University of Lausanne.
#> Wheels braking.
#> Engine stopped.
#> Car stopped
When modulr makes a module, it asks the ambient injector to create the dependencies. The injector infers the names of the dependencies by examining the module declaration, constructs the related directed acyclic graph and computes a topological sort to produce a well ordered sequence of evaluations. This is all done behind the scenes.
# Read from right to left to follow the dependencies.
plot_dependencies()
This is the best outcome. The application code simply declares the dependencies it needs, without having to deal with the injector. This setup does not break the Law of Demeter.
Finally, here is how the above example typically looks like with the use of modulr DI’s philosophy and implementation:
library(modulr)
"car" %requires% list(
engine = "engine",
wheels = "wheels"
) %provides% {
#' This module can start, drive and stop a car.
# It just returns a list of methods.
list(
start = function() {
message("Car started.")
engine$start()
},
drive = function(speed, destination) {
wheels$roll()
message("Car driving at ", speed, " to ", destination, ".")
wheels$brake()
},
stop = function() {
engine$stop()
message("Car stopped")
}
)
}
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:50 UTC] Defining 'car' ... OK
"engine" %provides% {
#' This module can start and stop an engine.
list(
start = function() message("Engine started."),
stop = function() message("Engine stopped.")
)
}
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:50 UTC] Defining 'engine' ... OK
"wheels" %provides% {
#' This module can roll and brake wheels.
list(
roll = function() message("Wheels rolling."),
brake = function() message("Wheels braking.")
)
}
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:50 UTC] Defining 'wheels' ... OK
info("car") ## `info()` outputs #'-comments (aka docstrings)
#> This module can start, drive and stop a car.
car %<=% "car" ## syntactic sugar for `<- make(`
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:50 UTC] Making 'car' ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:50 UTC] * Visiting and defining dependencies ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:50 UTC] * Constructing dependency graph ... OK
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:50 UTC] * Sorting 2 dependencies with 2 relations ... on 1 layer, OK
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:50 UTC] * Evaluating new and outdated dependencies ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:50 UTC] ** Evaluating #1/2 (layer #1/1): 'wheels' ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:50 UTC] ** Evaluating #2/2 (layer #1/1): 'engine' ...
#> [2018-12-02T16:14:50 UTC] DONE ('car' in 0.041 secs)
car$start(); car$drive("the speed of light", "the boundaries of the universe"); car$stop()
#> Car started.
#> Engine started.
#> Wheels rolling.
#> Car driving at the speed of light to the boundaries of the universe.
#> Wheels braking.
#> Engine stopped.
#> Car stopped


Feature engineering is the task of deciding how to represent the data that goes in and out of your Machine Learning system. Feature Engineering is a vital part of network design, because it turns out that how features (i.e. data) is represented has a huge impact on how easy it will be for your system to learn the task that you are interested in.
To illustrate how important Feature Engineering is, one good approach is to “make up” some synthetic examples with synthetic inputs & outputs, and see if we can learn the task at hand.
Counting Bits in Binary
For this exercise, we are going to use “counting the binary bits” (also referred to as “popcount” or “Hamming Distance“) as the function we are trying to learn. This function cannot be represented by a linear function, se we’ll be using a 2-layer network. We will constrain our input our values in the range \([0,1024)\), and our outputs will be in the range \([0,10]\). We can think of our training set as looking somewhat like this:
Let’s try passing these integer values directly into the first layer of the network and see what happens!
import tensorflow as tf
import random
inputs = tf.placeholder(shape=(None, 1), dtype=tf.float32, name='input')
popcount = tf.placeholder(shape=(None, 1), dtype=tf.float32, name='popcount')
input_weight = tf.Variable(expected_shape=(1, 16),
initial_value=tf.truncated_normal((1, 16), mean=0, stddev=0.1))
input_bias = tf.Variable(expected_shape=(1,16),
initial_value=tf.truncated_normal((1,16), mean=0, stddev=0.1))
# "Perceptron"
mid_layer = tf.nn.sigmoid(tf.add(tf.matmul(inputs, input_weight), input_bias))
out_weight = tf.Variable(expected_shape=(16, 1),
initial_value=tf.truncated_normal((16, 1), mean=0, stddev=0.1))
out_bias = tf.Variable(expected_shape=(1, 1),
initial_value=tf.truncated_normal((1, 1), mean=0, stddev=0.1))
# Perceptron formula again.
output = tf.add(tf.matmul(mid_layer, out_weight), out_bias)
# Our error function is computed as "Squared Difference" between the computed output
# and the expected value.
loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.pow(output - popcount, 2))
# Learning rate and optimizer similar to our previous examples.
learning_rate = 0.001
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate).minimize(loss)
def f(x):
popcount = 0
while x:
if x&1:
popcount+=1
x>>=1
return popcount
def makeinput(x):
return [x,]
with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run([tf.local_variables_initializer(),
tf.global_variables_initializer()])
# Training:
#
# Iterate many times with random inputs to "learn" the parameters
# stored in input_wegiht, input_bias, out_weight, out_bias Variables above.
# For this example, we only pass in **even** numbers in the range [0,20]
#
# We will use odd values during our validation phase below to ensure that
# we never validate on any of the inputs that were in the training set.
print "TRAIN"
train_iterations = 100000
batch_size = 128
max_value = 16
for it in xrange(train_iterations):
feed = {inputs:[], popcount:[]}
for bt in xrange(batch_size):
v = random.randrange(0, max_value)
feed[inputs].append(makeinput(v))
feed[popcount].append(makeinput(f(v)))
_, l = sess.run([optimizer, loss], feed_dict=feed)
if it % 1000 == 0:
print "i=",it," loss=", l
# Once we have learned the parameters, we can validate by passing inputs
# never seen before.


A huge part of the college experience is joining clubs and being active in campus life. ClubConnector gives you a simple and easy way to manage all your favorite clubs!
Student
Help Desk Consultant


Golf briefs: ‘Throwback’ pro-am fundraiser coming up; Ko Olina pro shop to hold holiday sale | Honolulu Star-Advertiser
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The document below needs your review. Please go back to the application and publish your review with comments for the user. You can accept the request, partly acceptit, so that the user has to revise the document and submit it again or reject the document, so the user can no longer access the document (Attention: Use this option only in extreme situations or block the user, if he/she clearly violated the rules).
If you have problems to access the document or review, please get in touch with another committee member of your institute.
Preview
{{#course}}Course
{{/course}}
Author
Study description
Ethical concerns
Will the study involve potentially vulnerable groups of participants or people who are unable or unauthorized to give informed consent?
{{concern.q01_explanation}}Will the study involve deception?
{{concern.q02_explanation}}Will the study involve discussion, judgment or presentation of strongly emotional or sensitive stimuli or topics?
{{concern.q03_explanation}}Will participants be required to eat or drink any potentially allergic substances?
{{concern.q04_explanation}}Will you be in the position of power in relation to your participants?
{{concern.q05_explanation}}Will there be any other live observers present who are invisible to the participant and whose presence will not be disclosed to the participant?
{{concern.q06_explanation}}Can any element of the procedure cause physical pain or more than mild discomfort?
{{concern.q07_explanation}}Can the study cause psychological stress, anxiety or negative emotions stronger than what is experienced naturally on an everyday basis outside of research?
{{concern.q08_explanation}}Will any additional information on your participants be obtained from third parties?
{{concern.q09_explanation}}Does the procedure involve potential moments when the participant is left without the supervision of a researcher in a potentially challenging or dangerous situation in an uncontrolled environment?
{{concern.q10_explanation}}Does the study involve audio or film recordings potentially identifying participants?
{{concern.q11_1_explanation}}If yes: Will the study involve any recording without prior consent?
{{concern.q11_2_explanation}}Is any raw data from the study likely to be passed on to external partners?
{{concern.q12_explanation}}Does the study involve collection of any information without obtaining an Informed Consent in a situation different from public observations or anonymous street surveys?
{{concern.q13_explanation}}Do you use additional forms in your study?
{{concern.q14_explanation}}


{% load staticfiles%}
Click the black square to begin. Use arrow keys to move.
Try to eat as many food pellets as possible without hitting the square walls or yourself.
Special thanks for this open source project: Snake


89
Christmas Edition
Meditate 10 mins
Read something uplifting
What To-Do to be kinder
Inspiration
© Jyoti Sharma.


--- layout: post title: ! 'Tutorial: Making an interactive chloropleth map with mouseover capabilities' date: 2012-06-01 01:51:43.000000000 +05:30 categories: [] tags: [] status: private type: post published: false meta: _edit_last: '1' image: '' quote-author: Unknown quote-url: http:// quote-copy: Unknown audio: http:// link-url: http:// seo_follow: 'false' seo_noindex: 'false' pvc_views: '5' author: login: cvlewis email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Carl V. Lewis first_name: Carl V. last_name: Lewis excerpt: !ruby/object:Hpricot::Doc options: {} ---
In my last post, I explored how open-source cartographic tools and packages like CartoDB and Leaflet can make interactive maps sexier and more robust than the average Google Fusions table. But I wasn't able to figure out a good way to add mouseover/hover capabilities to my polygon (see The New York World's recent Stop and Frisk Hotspots map for a good example). I came close while using GeoJSON data to render the polygons. But I couldn't easily assign an integer value to all 159 GeoJSON polygons, and doing it by hand would have taken hours.


The following is from the weblog of a high school mathematics teacher—
This is related to the structure of the figure on the cover of the 1976 monograph Diamond Theory—
Each small square pattern on the cover is a Latin square,
with elements that are geometric figures rather than letters or
numerals.
All order-four Latin squares are represented.
For a deeper look at the structure of such squares, let the
high-school
chart above be labeled with the letters A through X, and apply the
four-color
decomposition theorem. The result is 24 structural
diagrams—
Some of the squares are structurally congruent under the group of 8 symmetries of the square.
This can be seen in the following regrouping—
(Image corrected on Jan. 25, 2011-- "seven" replaced "eight.")
Update of Feb. 5, 2011—


Interface AwareInterface
AwareInterface. Implementing rules necessary functionality for cache classes
Direct known implementers
Libraries\CacheManagement\Storages\Apc, Libraries\CacheManagement\Storages\Memcache, Libraries\CacheManagement\Storages\Mysql
Namespace: Libraries\CacheManagement
Package: Phalcon\Libraries\CacheManagement
Author: Stanislav WEB | Lugansk<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Version: 1.0
Since: PHP >=5.4
Located at Libraries/CacheManagement/AwareInterface.php
Package: Phalcon\Libraries\CacheManagement
Author: Stanislav WEB | Lugansk<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Version: 1.0
Since: PHP >=5.4
Located at Libraries/CacheManagement/AwareInterface.php
public
array
|
|
public
array
|
|
public
array
|
|
public
array
|
|
public
boolean
|
|
public
boolean
|
|
public
boolean
|


public class ExplainRequestBuilder extends SingleShardOperationRequestBuilder<ExplainRequest,ExplainResponse,ExplainRequestBuilder>
ExplainRequest
.action, client, request
| 构造器和说明 |
|---|
ExplainRequestBuilder(ElasticsearchClient client,
ExplainAction action,
java.lang.String index,
java.lang.String type,
java.lang.String id) |
| 限定符和类型 | 方法和说明 |
|---|---|
ExplainRequestBuilder |
setFetchSource(boolean fetch)
Indicates whether the response should contain the stored _source
|
ExplainRequestBuilder |
setFetchSource(java.lang.String[] includes,
java.lang.String[] excludes)
Indicate that _source should be returned, with an "include" and/or "exclude" set which can include simple wildcard
elements.
|
ExplainRequestBuilder |
setFetchSource(java.lang.String include,
java.lang.String exclude)
Indicate that _source should be returned, with an "include" and/or "exclude" set which can include simple wildcard
elements.
|
ExplainRequestBuilder |
setId(java.lang.String id)
Sets the id to get a score explanation for.
|
ExplainRequestBuilder |
setParent(java.lang.String parent)
Simple sets the routing.
|
ExplainRequestBuilder |
setPreference(java.lang.String preference)
Sets the shard preference.
|
ExplainRequestBuilder |
setQuery(QueryBuilder query)
Sets the query to get a score explanation for.
|
ExplainRequestBuilder |
setRouting(java.lang.String routing)
Sets the routing for sharding.
|
ExplainRequestBuilder |
setStoredFields(java.lang.String... fields)
Explicitly specify the stored fields that will be returned for the explained document.
|
ExplainRequestBuilder |
setType(java.lang.String type)
Sets the type to get a score explanation for.
|
setIndex, setOperationThreaded
public ExplainRequestBuilder(ElasticsearchClient client, ExplainAction action, java.lang.String index, java.lang.String type, java.lang.String id)
public ExplainRequestBuilder setType(java.lang.String type)
public ExplainRequestBuilder setId(java.lang.String id)
public ExplainRequestBuilder setRouting(java.lang.String routing)
public ExplainRequestBuilder setParent(java.lang.String parent)
public ExplainRequestBuilder setPreference(java.lang.String preference)
public ExplainRequestBuilder setQuery(QueryBuilder query)
public ExplainRequestBuilder setStoredFields(java.lang.String... fields)
public ExplainRequestBuilder setFetchSource(boolean fetch)
public ExplainRequestBuilder setFetchSource(@Nullable java.lang.String include, @Nullable java.lang.String exclude)
include
- An optional include (optionally wildcarded) pattern to filter the returned _sourceexclude
- An optional exclude (optionally wildcarded) pattern to filter the returned _sourcepublic ExplainRequestBuilder setFetchSource(@Nullable java.lang.String[] includes, @Nullable java.lang.String[] excludes)
includes
- An optional list of include (optionally wildcarded) pattern to filter the returned _sourceexcludes
- An optional list of exclude (optionally wildcarded) pattern to filter the returned _source


Nano ID is a unique string ID generator for JavaScript and other languages.
As any other ID generator Nano ID has a probability of generating the same ID twice, i.e. producing a collision.
The purpose of this calculator is to find ID length for chosen alphabet safe enough to avoid collisions.


Featured Post
{% assign featured = site.tags.featured | sort: 'date' | reverse %}
{% for post in featured limit: 1 %}
{% endfor %}
Featured Series
{% assign featured-series = site.tags[site.featured_series] | sort: 'date' %}
{% for post in featured-series limit: 2 %}
{% include post-list-item.html %}
{% endfor %}
{% unless page.url contains "blog" %}
All Posts
{% endunless %}
{% include logo-texture-solid.html %}


Photographer James Burns has been hauling his camera to the top of London’s tallest buildings for the last 10 years.
He sees the story of London over the past decade as one of skyscraper proliferation.
“When I started photography, London’s skyline was a little bit boring. I used to take photographs with the intention of making it look more interesting,” he says. “Now, I don’t have to do that at all.”
Born in Highbury and a lifelong north Londoner, he took to the rooftops in search of new views of the city. His favourite buildings are the Cheesegrater and the Shard.
“I used to cycle from Wood Green to Elephant and Castle. Sometimes I wouldn’t even get to university because there were all these amazing parts of London I would explore,” he says.
“I won’t stop, I love what I do.” So will there be a Fifty Years of London Rooftops collection? “Yes there will,” he says.
London from the Rooftops — A Decade of Change, will feature large format prints as well as an in-depth slideshow taking viewers through the decade.
The exhibition will be held from 19–21 November at the Steel Yard’s City Bar.


class Curl::PostField
Public Class Methods
Create a new Curl::PostField, supplying the field name, content, and, optionally, Content-type (curl will attempt to determine this if not specified).
The block form allows a block to supply the content for this field, called during the perform. The block should return a ruby string with the field data.
static VALUE ruby_curl_postfield_new_content(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass) { ruby_curl_postfield *rbcpf = ALLOC(ruby_curl_postfield); // wierdness - we actually require two args, unless a block is provided, but // we have to work that out below. rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12&", &rbcpf->name, &rbcpf->content, &rbcpf->content_type, &rbcpf->content_proc); // special handling if theres a block, second arg is actually content_type if (rbcpf->content_proc != Qnil) { if (rbcpf->content != Qnil) { // we were given a content-type rbcpf->content_type = rbcpf->content; rbcpf->content = Qnil; } else { // default content type rbcpf->content_type = Qnil; } } else { // no block, so make sure content was provided if (rbcpf->content == Qnil) { rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Incorrect number of arguments (expected 2 or 3)"); } } /* assoc objects */ rbcpf->local_file = Qnil; rbcpf->remote_file = Qnil; rbcpf->buffer_str = Qnil; return Data_Wrap_Struct(cCurlPostField, curl_postfield_mark, curl_postfield_free, rbcpf); }
Create a new Curl::PostField for a file upload field, supplying the local filename to read from, and optionally the remote filename (defaults to the local name).
The block form allows a block to supply the content for this field, called during the perform. The block should return a ruby string with the field data.
static VALUE ruby_curl_postfield_new_file(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass) { // TODO needs to handle content-type too ruby_curl_postfield *rbcpf = ALLOC(ruby_curl_postfield); rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21&", &rbcpf->name, &rbcpf->local_file, &rbcpf->remote_file, &rbcpf->content_proc); // special handling if theres a block, second arg is actually remote name. if (rbcpf->content_proc != Qnil) { if (rbcpf->local_file != Qnil) { // we were given a local file if (rbcpf->remote_file == Qnil) { // we weren't given a remote, so local is actually remote // (correct block call form) rbcpf->remote_file = rbcpf->local_file; } // Shouldn't get a local file, so can ignore it. rbcpf->local_file = Qnil; } } else { if (rbcpf->remote_file == Qnil) { rbcpf->remote_file = rbcpf->local_file; } } /* assoc objects */ rbcpf->content = Qnil; rbcpf->content_type = Qnil; rbcpf->buffer_str = Qnil; return Data_Wrap_Struct(cCurlPostField, curl_postfield_mark, curl_postfield_free, rbcpf); }
Public Instance Methods
Obtain the POST field content for this PostField.
static VALUE ruby_curl_postfield_content_get(VALUE self) { CURB_OBJECT_GETTER(ruby_curl_postfield, content); }
Set the POST field content for this PostField.
Ignored when a content_proc is supplied via either
Curl::PostField.file
or set_content_proc
.
static VALUE ruby_curl_postfield_content_set(VALUE self, VALUE content) { CURB_OBJECT_SETTER(ruby_curl_postfield, content); }
Get the POST field Content-type for this PostField.
static VALUE ruby_curl_postfield_content_type_get(VALUE self) { CURB_OBJECT_GETTER(ruby_curl_postfield, content_type); }
Set the POST field Content-type for this PostField.
static VALUE ruby_curl_postfield_content_type_set(VALUE self, VALUE content_type) { CURB_OBJECT_SETTER(ruby_curl_postfield, content_type); }
Get the POST field local filename for this PostField (when performing a file upload).
static VALUE ruby_curl_postfield_local_file_get(VALUE self) { CURB_OBJECT_GETTER(ruby_curl_postfield, local_file); }
Set the POST field local filename for this PostField (when performing a file upload).
Ignored when a content_proc is supplied via either
Curl::PostField.file
or set_content_proc
.
static VALUE ruby_curl_postfield_local_file_set(VALUE self, VALUE local_file) { CURB_OBJECT_SETTER(ruby_curl_postfield, local_file); }
Obtain the POST field name for this PostField.
static VALUE ruby_curl_postfield_name_get(VALUE self) { CURB_OBJECT_GETTER(ruby_curl_postfield, name); }
Set the POST field name for this PostField.
static VALUE ruby_curl_postfield_name_set(VALUE self, VALUE name) { CURB_OBJECT_SETTER(ruby_curl_postfield, name); }
Get the POST field remote filename for this PostField (when performing a file upload).
static VALUE ruby_curl_postfield_remote_file_get(VALUE self) { CURB_OBJECT_GETTER(ruby_curl_postfield, remote_file); }
Set the POST field remote filename for this PostField (when performing a file upload). If no remote filename is provided, and no content_proc is supplied, the local filename is used. If no remote filename is specified when a content_proc is used, an exception will be raised during the perform.
static VALUE ruby_curl_postfield_remote_file_set(VALUE self, VALUE remote_file) { CURB_OBJECT_SETTER(ruby_curl_postfield, remote_file); }
Set a content proc for this field. This proc will be called during the
perform to supply the content for this field, overriding any setting of
content
or local_file
.
static VALUE ruby_curl_postfield_content_proc_set(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) { CURB_HANDLER_PROC_SETTER(ruby_curl_postfield, content_proc); }
Obtain a String representation of this PostField in url-encoded format. This is used to construct the post data for non-multipart POSTs.
Only content fields may be converted to strings.
static VALUE ruby_curl_postfield_to_str(VALUE self) { // FIXME This is using the deprecated curl_escape func ruby_curl_postfield *rbcpf; VALUE result = Qnil; VALUE name = Qnil; char *tmpchrs; Data_Get_Struct(self, ruby_curl_postfield, rbcpf); if (rbcpf->name != Qnil) { name = rbcpf->name; if (rb_type(name) == T_STRING) { name = rbcpf->name; } else if (rb_respond_to(name,rb_intern("to_s"))) { name = rb_funcall(name, rb_intern("to_s"), 0); } else { name = Qnil; // we can't handle this object } } if (name == Qnil) { rb_raise(eCurlErrInvalidPostField, "Cannot convert unnamed field to string %s:%d, make sure your field name responds_to :to_s", __FILE__, __LINE__); } tmpchrs = curl_escape(StringValuePtr(name), (int)RSTRING_LEN(name)); if (!tmpchrs) { rb_raise(eCurlErrInvalidPostField, "Failed to url-encode name `%s'", tmpchrs); } else { VALUE tmpcontent = Qnil; VALUE escd_name = rb_str_new2(tmpchrs); curl_free(tmpchrs); if (rbcpf->content_proc != Qnil) { tmpcontent = rb_funcall(rbcpf->content_proc, idCall, 1, self); } else if (rbcpf->content != Qnil) { tmpcontent = rbcpf->content; } else if (rbcpf->local_file != Qnil) { tmpcontent = rbcpf->local_file; } else if (rbcpf->remote_file != Qnil) { tmpcontent = rbcpf->remote_file; } else { tmpcontent = rb_str_new2(""); } if (TYPE(tmpcontent) != T_STRING) { if (rb_respond_to(tmpcontent, rb_intern("to_s"))) { tmpcontent = rb_funcall(tmpcontent, rb_intern("to_s"), 0); } else { rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "postfield(%s) is not a string and does not respond_to to_s", RSTRING_PTR(escd_name) ); } } //fprintf(stderr, "encoding content: %ld - %s\n", RSTRING_LEN(tmpcontent), RSTRING_PTR(tmpcontent) ); tmpchrs = curl_escape(RSTRING_PTR(tmpcontent), (int)RSTRING_LEN(tmpcontent)); if (!tmpchrs) { rb_raise(eCurlErrInvalidPostField, "Failed to url-encode content `%s'", tmpchrs); } else { VALUE escd_content = rb_str_new2(tmpchrs); curl_free(tmpchrs); result = escd_name; rb_str_cat(result, "=", 1); rb_str_concat(result, escd_content); } } return result; }


ROFF
Section: Environments, Tables, and Troff Macros (7)Updated: 23 April 2002
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
roff - concepts and history of roff typesettingDESCRIPTION
roff is the general name for a set of type-setting programs, known under names like troff, nroff, ditroff, groff, etc. A roff type-setting system consists of an extensible text formatting language and a set of programs for printing and converting to other text formats. Traditionally, it is the main text processing system of Unix; every Unix-like operating system still distributes a roff system as a core package. The most common roff system today is the free software implementation GNU roff, groff(1). The pre-groff implementations are referred to as classical (dating back as long as 1973). groff implements the look-and-feel and functionality of its classical ancestors, but has many extensions. As groff is the only roff system that is available for every (or almost every) computer system it is the de-facto roff standard today. In some ancient Unix systems, there was a binary called roff that implemented the even more ancient runoff of the Multics operating system, cf. section HISTORY. The functionality of this program was very restricted even in comparison to ancient troff; it is not supported any longer. Consequently, in this document, the term roff always refers to the general meaning of roff system, not to the ancient roff binary. In spite of its age, roff is in wide use today, for example, the manual pages on UNIX systems (man~pages/), many software books, system documentation, standards, and corporate documents are written in roff. The roff output for text devices is still unmatched, and its graphical output has the same quality as other free type-setting programs and is better than some of the commercial systems. The most popular application of roff is the concept of manual pages or shortly man pages; this is the standard documentation system on many operating systems. This document describes the historical facts around the development of the roff system; some usage aspects common to all roff versions, details on the roff pipeline, which is usually hidden behind front-ends like groff(1); an general overview of the formatting language; some tips for editing roff files; and many pointers to further readings.HISTORY
The roff text processing system has a very long history, dating back to the 1960s. The roff system itself is intimately connected to the Unix operating system, but its roots go back to the earlier operating systems CTSS and Multics.The Predecessor runoff
The evolution of roff is intimately related to the history of the operating systems. Its predecessor runoff was written by Jerry Saltzer on the CTSS operating system (Compatible Time Sharing System) as early as 1961. When CTTS was further developed into the operating system the famous predecessor of Unix from 1963, runoff became the main format for documentation and text processing. Both operating systems could only be run on very expensive computers at that time, so they were mostly used in research and for official and military tasks. The possibilities of the runoff language were quite limited as compared to modern roff. Only text output was possible in the 1960s. This could be implemented by a set of requests of length~2, many of which are still identically used in roff. The language was modelled according to the habits of typesetting in the pre-computer age, where lines starting with a dot were used in manuscripts to denote formatting requests to the person who would perform the typesetting manually later on. The runoff program was written in the PL/1 language first, later on in BCPL, the grandmother of the C~ programming language. In the Multics operating system, the help system was handled by runoff, similar to roff's task to manage the Unix manual pages. There are still documents written in the runoff language; for examples see Saltzer's home page, cf. section SEE ALSO.The Classical nroff/troff System
In the 1970s, the Multics off-spring Unix became more and more popular because it could be run on affordable machines and was easily available for universities at that time. At MIT (the Massachusetts Institute of Technology), there was a need to drive the Wang Graphic Systems CAT typesetter, a graphical output device from a PDP-11 computer running Unix. As runoff was too limited for this task it was further developed into a more powerful text formatting system by Josef F. Osanna, a main developer of the Multics operating system and programmer of several runoff ports. The name runoff was shortened to roff. The greatly enlarged language of Osanna's concept included already all elements of a full roff system. All modern roff systems try to implement compatibility to this system. So Joe Osanna can be called the father of all roff systems. This first roff system had three formatter programs.- troff
- (typesetter roff/) generated a graphical output for the CAT typesetter as its only device.
- nroff
- produced text output suitable for terminals and line printers.
- roff
- was the reimplementation of the former runoff program with its limited features; this program was abandoned in later versions. Today, the name roff is used to refer to a troff/:nroff sytem as a whole. Osanna first version was written in the PDP-11 assembly language and released in 1973. Brian Kernighan joined the roff development by rewriting it in the C~programming language. The C~version was released in 1975. The syntax of the formatting language of the nroff/troff programs was documented in the famous Troff User's Manual [CSTR~#54], first published in 1976, with further revisions up to 1992 by Brian Kernighan. This document is the specification of the classical troff. All later roff systems tried to establish compatibility with this specification. After Osanna had died in 1977 by a heart-attack at the age of about~50, Kernighan went on with developing troff. The next milestone was to equip troff with a general interface to support more devices, the intermediate output format and the postprocessor system. This completed the structure of a roff system as it is still in use today; see section USING ROFF. In 1979, these novelties were described in the paper [CSTR~#97]. This new troff version is the basis for all existing newer troff systems, including groff. On some systems, this device independent troff got a binary of its own, called ditroff(7). All modern troff programs already provide the full ditroff capabilities automatically.
Commercialization
A major degradation occurred when the easily available Unix~7 operating system was commercialized.  Luckily, the incompatibilities did not fight the original troff. All of the different commercial roff systems made heavy use of Osanna/:Kernighan's open source code and documentation, but sold them as [lq]their[rq] system [em] with only minor additions. The source code of both the ancient Unix and classical troff weren't available for two decades. Fortunately, Caldera bought SCO UNIX in 2001. In the following, Caldera made the ancient source code accessible on-line for non-commercial use, cf. section SEE ALSO.Free roff
None of the commercial roff systems could attain the status of a successor for the general roff development. Everyone was only interested in their own stuff. This led to a steep downfall of the once excellent Unix operating system during the 1980s. As a counter-measure to the galopping commercialization, AT&T Bell Labs tried to launch a rescue project with their Plan~9 operating system. It is freely available for non-commercial use, even the source code, but has a proprietary license that empedes the free development. This concept is outdated, so Plan~9 was not accepted as a platform to bundle the main-stream development. The only remedy came from the emerging free operatings systems (386BSD, GNU/:Linux, etc.) and software projects during the 1980s and 1990s. These implemented the ancient Unix features and many extensions, such that the old experience is not lost. In the 21st century, Unix-like systems are again a major factor in computer industry [em] thanks to free software. The most important free roff project was the GNU port of troff, created by James Clark and put under the It was called groff (GNU roff). See groff(1) for an overview. The groff system is still actively developed. It is compatible to the classical troff, but many extensions were added. It is the first roff system that is available on almost all operating systems [em] and it is free. This makes groff the de-facto roff standard today.USING ROFF
Most people won't even notice that they are actually using roff. When you read a system manual page (man page) roff is working in the background. Roff documents can be viewed with a native viewer called xditview(1x), a standard program of the X window distribution, see X(7x). But using roff explicitly isn't difficult either. Some roff implementations provide wrapper programs that make it easy to use the roff system on the shell command line. For example, the GNU roff implementation groff(1) provides command line options to avoid the long command pipes of classical troff; a program grog(1) tries to guess from the document which arguments should be used for a run of groff; people who do not like specifying command line options should try the groffer(1) program for graphically displaying groff files and man pages.The roff Pipe
Each roff system consists of preprocessors, roff formatter programs, and a set of device postprocessors. This concept makes heavy use of the piping mechanism, that is, a series of programs is called one after the other, where the output of each program in the queue is taken as the input for the next program.ellCommand @1] @2] @3]
The preprocessors generate roff code that is fed into a roff formatter (e.g. troff), which in turn generates intermediate output that is fed into a device postprocessor program for printing or final output. All of these parts use programming languages of their own; each language is totally unrelated to the other parts. Moreover, roff macro packages that were tailored for special purposes can be included. Most roff documents use the macros of some package, intermixed with code for one or more preprocessors, spiced with some elements from the plain roff language. The full power of the roff formatting language is seldom needed by users; only programmers of macro packages need to know about the gory details.Preprocessors
A roff preprocessor is any program that generates output that syntactically obeys the rules of the roff formatting language. Each preprocessor defines a language of its own that is translated into roff code when run through the preprocessor program. Parts written in these languages may be included within a roff document; they are identified by special roff requests or macros. Each document that is enhanced by preprocessor code must be run through all corresponding preprocessors before it is fed into the actual roff formatter program, for the formatter just ignores all alien code. The preprocessor programs extract and transform only the document parts that are determined for them. There are a lot of free and commercial roff preprocessors. Some of them aren't available on each system, but there is a small set of preprocessors that are considered as an integral part of each roff system. The classical preprocessors are
-
- tbl
- for tables
- eqn
- for mathematical formul[ae]
- pic
- for drawing diagrams
- refer
- for bibliographic references
- soelim
- for including macro files from standard locations
-
- chem
- for drawing chemical formul[ae].
- grap
- for constructing graphical elements.
- grn
- for including gremlin(1) pictures.
Formatter Programs
A roff formatter is a program that parses documents written in the roff formatting language or uses some of the roff macro packages. It generates intermediate output, which is intended to be fed into a single device postprocessor that must be specified by a command-line option to the formatter program. The documents must have been run through all necessary preprocessors before. The output produced by a roff formatter is represented in yet another language, the intermediate output format or troff output. This language was first specified in [CSTR~#97]; its GNU extension is documented in groff_out(5). The intermediate output language is a kind of assembly language compared to the high-level roff language. The generated intermediate output is optimized for a special device, but the language is the same for every device. The roff formatter is the heart of the roff system. The traditional roff had two formatters, nroff for text devices and troff for graphical devices. Often, the name troff is used as a general term to refer to both formatters.Devices and Postprocessors
Devices are hardware interfaces like printers, text or graphical terminals, etc., or software interfaces such as a conversion into a different text or graphical format. A roff postprocessor is a program that transforms troff output into a form suitable for a special device. The roff postprocessors are like device drivers for the output target. For each device there is a postprocessor program that fits the device optimally. The postprocessor parses the generated intermediate output and generates device-specific code that is sent directly to the device. The names of the devices and the postprocessor programs are not fixed because they greatly depend on the software and hardware abilities of the actual computer. For example, the classical devices mentioned in [CSTR~#54] have greatly changed since the classical times. The old hardware doesn't exist any longer and the old graphical conversions were quite imprecise when compared to their modern counterparts. For example, the Postscript device post in classical troff had a resolution of 720, while groff's ps device has 72000, a refinement of factor 100. Today the operating systems provide device drivers for most printer-like hardware, so it isn't necessary to write a special hardware postprocessor for each printer.ROFF PROGRAMMING
Documents using roff are normal text files decorated by roff formatting elements. The roff formatting language is quite powerful; it is almost a full programming language and provides elements to enlarge the language. With these, it became possible to develop macro packages that are tailored for special applications. Such macro packages are much handier than plain roff. So most people will choose a macro package without worrying about the internals of the roff language.Macro Packages
Macro packages are collections of macros that are suitable to format a special kind of documents in a convenient way. This greatly eases the usage of roff. The macro definitions of a package are kept in a file called name.tmac (classically tmac.name ). All tmac files are stored in one or more directories at standardized positions. Details on the naming of macro packages and their placement is found in groff_tmac(5). A macro package that is to be used in a document can be announced to the formatter by the command line optionortOpt m
see troff(1), or it can be specified within a document using the file inclusion requests of the roff language, see groff(7). Famous classical macro packages are man for traditional man pages, mdoc for BSD-style manual pages; the macro sets for books, articles, and letters are me (probably from the first name of its creator Eric Allman), ms (from Manuscript Macros/), and mm (from Memorandum Macros/).The roff Formatting Language
The classical roff formatting language is documented in the Troff User's Manual [CSTR~#54]. The roff language is a full programming language providing requests, definition of macros, escape sequences, string variables, number or size registers, and flow controls. Requests are the predefined basic formatting commands similar to the commands at the shell prompt. The user can define request-like elements using predefined roff elements. These are then called macros. A document writer will not note any difference in usage for requests or macros; both are written on a line on their own starting with a dot. Escape sequences are roff elements starting with a backslash They can be inserted anywhere, also in the midst of text in a line. They are used to implement various features, including the insertion of non-ASCII characters with font changes with in-line comments with the escaping of special control characters like and many other features. Strings are variables that can store a string. A string is stored by the .ds request. The stored string can be retrieved later by the [rs]* escape sequence. Registers store numbers and sizes. A register can be set with the request .nr and its value can be retrieved by the escape sequence [rs]n.FILE NAME EXTENSIONS
Manual pages (man pages) take the section number as a file name extension, e.g., the filename for this document is roff.7, i.e., it is kept in section~7 of the man pages. The classical macro packages take the package name as an extension, e.g. file.me for a document using the me macro package, file.mm for mm, file.ms for ms, file.pic for pic files, etc. But there is no general naming scheme for roff documents, though file.tr for troff file is seen now and then. Maybe there should be a standardization for the filename extensions of roff files. File name extensions can be very handy in conjunction with the less(1) pager. It provides the possibility to feed all input into a command-line pipe that is specified in the shell environment variable LESSOPEN. This process is not well documented, so here an example:ellCommand LESSOPEN='|lesspipe %s'
where lesspipe is either a system supplied command or a shell script of your own.
EDITING ROFF
The best program for editing a roff document is Emacs (or Xemacs), see emacs(1). It provides an nroff mode that is suitable for all kinds of roff dialects. This mode can be activated by the following methods. When editing a file within Emacs the mode can be changed by typing `M-x nroff-mode', where M-x means to hold down the Meta key (or Alt) and hitting the x~key at the same time. But it is also possible to have the mode automatically selected when the file is loaded into the editor.-
The most general method is to include the following 3 comment lines at
the end of the file.
Comment] Local Variables: Comment] mode: nroff Comment] End:
- There is a set of file name extensions, e.g. the man pages that trigger the automatic activation of the nroff mode.
-
Theoretically, it is possible to write the sequence
Comment] -*- nroff -*-
as the first line of a file to have it started in nroff mode when loaded. Unfortunately, some applications such as the man program are confused by this; so this is deprecated. All roff formatters provide automated line breaks and horizontal and vertical spacing. In order to not disturb this, the following tips can be helpful.
- Never include empty or blank lines in a roff document. Instead, use the empty request (a line consisting of a dot only) or a line comment Comment] if a structuring element is needed.
- Never start a line with whitespace because this can lead to unexpected behavior. Indented paragraphs can be constructed in a controlled way by roff requests.
- Start each sentence on a line of its own, for the spacing after a dot is handled differently depending on whether it terminates an abbreviation or a sentence. To distinguish both cases, do a line break after each sentence.
- To additionally use the auto-fill mode in Emacs, it is best to insert an empty roff request (a line consisting of a dot only) after each sentence. The following example shows how optimal roff editing could look.
-
This is an example for a roff document. This is the next sentence in the same paragraph. This is a longer sentence stretching over several lines; abbreviations like `cf.' are easily identified because the dot is not followed by a line break. In the output, this will still go to the same paragraph.
Besides Emacs, some other editors provide nroff style files too, e.g. vim(1), an extension of the vi(1) program.
BUGS
UNIX[rg] is a registered trademark of the Open Group. But things have improved considerably after Caldera had bought SCO UNIX in 2001.SEE ALSO
There is a lot of documentation on roff. The original papers on classical troff are still available, and all aspects of groff are documented in great detail.Internet sites
- troff.org
- provides an overview and pointers to all historical aspects of roff. This web site is under construction; once, it will be the major source for roff history.
- Multics
- contains a lot of information on the MIT projects, CTSS, Multics, early Unix, including runoff; especially useful are a glossary and the many links to ancient documents.
- Unix Archive
- provides the source code and some binaries of the ancient Unixes (including the source code of troff and its documentation) that were made public by Caldera since 2001, e.g. of the famous Unix version~7 for PDP-11 at the
- Developers at AT&T Bell Labs
- provides a search facility for tracking information on the early developers.
- Plan 9
- by AT&T Bell Labs.
- runoff
- stores some documents using the ancient runoff formatting language.
- CSTR Papers
- stores the original troff manuals (CSTR #54, #97, #114, #116, #122) and famous historical documents on programming.
- GNU roff
- provides the free roff implementation groff, the actual standard roff.
Historical roff Documentation
Many classical documents are still available on-line. The two main manuals of the troff language are- [CSTR~#54]
-
J. F. Osanna,
Bell Labs, 1976; revised by Brian Kernighan, 1992.
- [CSTR~#97]
- Brian Kernighan, Bell Labs, 1981, revised March 1982. The "little language" roff papers are
- [CSTR~#114]
- Jon L. Bentley and Brian W. Kernighan, Bell Labs, August 1984.
- [CSTR~#116]
- Brian W. Kernighan, Bell Labs, December 1984.
- [CSTR~#122]
- J. L. Bentley, L. W. Jelinski, and B. W. Kernighan, Bell Labs, April 1986.
Manual Pages
Due to its complex structure, a full roff system has many man pages, each describing a single aspect of roff. Unfortunately, there is no general naming scheme for the documentation among the different roff implementations. In groff, the man page groff(1) contains a survey of all documentation available in groff. On other systems, you are on your own, but troff(1) might be a good starting point.AUTHORS
Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This document is distributed under the terms of the FDL (GNU Free Documentation License) version 1.1 or later. You should have received a copy of the FDL on your system, it is also available on-line at the This document is part of groff, the GNU roff distribution. It was written by it is maintained by
Index
- NAME
- DESCRIPTION
- HISTORY
- USING ROFF
- ellCommand @1] @2] @3]
- ROFF PROGRAMMING
- ortOpt m ,
- FILE NAME EXTENSIONS
- ellCommand LESSOPEN='|lesspipe %s'
- EDITING ROFF
- BUGS
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHORS
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:34:16 GMT, December 24, 2015


2016 Nobel Lecture in Literature by Bob Dylan
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Comp 305 Lab 1addrspace.h | /home/lido1/petriedavi/305Comp/project2/nachos/html/
Thu May 1 20:29:30 NZST 2008 |
// addrspace.h // Data structures to keep track of executing user programs // (address spaces). // // For now, we don't keep any information about address spaces. // The user level CPU state is saved and restored in the thread // executing the user program (see thread.h). // // Copyright (c) 1992-1993 The Regents of the University of California. // All rights reserved. See copyright.h for copyright notice and limitation // of liability and disclaimer of warranty provisions. #ifndef ADDRSPACE_H #define ADDRSPACE_H #include "copyright.h" #include "filesys.h" #include "translate.h" #define UserStackSize 1024 // increase this as necessary! class AddrSpace { public: AddrSpace(OpenFile *executable); // Create an address space, // initializing it with the program // stored in the file "executable" ~AddrSpace(); // De-allocate an address space void InitRegisters(); // Initialize user-level CPU registers, // before jumping to user code void SaveState(); // Save/restore address space-specific void RestoreState(); // info on a context switch #ifdef CHANGED // Stacks - make new stacks and remove old ones... bool CreateStack(); unsigned int GetNumPages(); #endif private: TranslationEntry *pageTable; // Assume linear page table translation // for now! unsigned int numPages; // Number of pages in the virtual // address space }; #endif // ADDRSPACE_H


{% load staticfiles %}
Use this document as a way to quickly start any new project. All you get is this text and a mostly barebones HTML document.


Finest pizza recipe made fromm the freshest ingredients on the planet. You can't go wrong with this delicacy on your dinner table.


Some breeds do fine with a slow evening stroll around the block. Others need daily, vigorous exercise -- especially those that were originally bred for physically demanding jobs, such as herding or hunting. Without enough exercise, these breeds may put on weight and vent their pent-up energy in ways you don't like, such as barking, chewing, and digging. Breeds that need a lot of exercise are good for outdoorsy, active people, or those interested in training their dog to compete in a high-energy dog sport, such as agility.
Contrary to popular belief, small size doesn't necessarily an apartment dog make — plenty of small dogs are too high-energy and yappy for life in a high-rise. Being quiet, low energy, fairly calm indoors, and polite with the other residents, are all good qualities in an apartment dog. High-energy dogs are always ready and waiting for action. Originally bred to perform a canine job of some sort, such as retrieving game for hunters or herding livestock, they have the stamina to put in a full workday. They need a significant amount of exercise and mental stimulation, and they're more likely to spend time jumping, playing, and investigating any new sights and smells. Low-energy dogs are the canine equivalent of a couch potato, content to doze the day away. When picking a breed, consider your own activity level and lifestyle, and think about whether you'll find a frisky, energetic dog invigorating or annoying.
Some breeds are brush-and-go dogs; others require regular bathing, clipping, and other grooming just to stay clean and healthy. Consider whether you have the time and patience for a dog that needs a lot of grooming, or the money to pay someone else to do it.


@*
* Copyright 2019 HM Revenue & Customs
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*@
@import uk.gov.hmrc.tariffclassificationfrontend.config.AppConfig
@import uk.gov.hmrc.tariffclassificationfrontend.models.CaseStatus.CaseStatus
@import uk.gov.hmrc.tariffclassificationfrontend.models.{CancelReason, Case, CaseStatus}
@(c: Case, id: String, suppressLiveIndicator: Boolean = false)(implicit appConfig: AppConfig)
@if(c.application.isLiveLiabilityOrder && !suppressLiveIndicator) {
LIVE
}
@c.status match {
case CaseStatus.CANCELLED => {
CANCELLED@{c.decision.flatMap(_.cancellation).map(c => CancelReason.code(c.reason)).map(s => s" - $s").getOrElse("")}
}
case CaseStatus.COMPLETED if c.hasExpiredRuling => {
EXPIRED
}
case s : CaseStatus => {
@s
}
}


These frameworks offer rich configuration and are less opinionated than Rails-like or full-stack.
Present your project properly. Create your own art from included templates
That's where Node.js really shines. The full-stack MVC frameworks are bundled with scaffolding, template engines, websocket and persistence libraries to allow you build real-time scalable web apps.
For those who use rich-client/front-end MVC frameworks (or not) and just need to spin up a fast Node.js REST API server.
Middleware, libraries and static site generators.


Broken images are ugly. But they don’t always have to be. We can use CSS to apply styles to the <img> element to provide a better experience than the default.
<img>
Add classes to an <img> element to easily style images in any project.


Codeforces Round #601
by MofKHello Codeforces!
I am glad to invite you to Codeforces Round #601, which will take place on Nov/19/2019 17:35 (Moscow time). The round will be rated for both divisions.
All problems in this round were created and prepared by a team of all-Vietnamese setters: MofK, Prof.PVH, UncleGrandpa925, ngk. This is the first Vietnamese Div1 round. We tried to make both the problems and the statements interesting and hope that you will enjoy them!
There is an interactive problem in the round. You can read the guide for interactive problem here.
We would like to give a lot of thanks to:
- MikeMirzayanov for the amazing platforms Codeforces and Polygon.
- arsijo for excellent coordination and many valuable advice for the round.
- Our team of testers: MikeMirzayanov, KAN, tanphatls987, _Kuroni_, AomeII, Yuki_Matsui, alexa0704, div24ever, lannh2207, nhakhoa, 0ogway, BledDest, NatInTheHat, AlexPop28 for testing the round and give feedback about the problems.
We wish you an exciting round!
UPD: The message from MikeMirzayanov. If the issue heavily affected you and you want the round to be UNRATED for you, you can fill the appeal form by the link: https://codeforces.com/userForm/f0458e24fa295 Please do not fill it just in case. Be honest, fill in only if the problem broke your participation in the contest. Mike.
UPD: There will be five problems for Division 1 and six problems for Division 2. The score distribution is as follows:
Division 1: 750 — (500 + 750) — 1500 — 1750 — 2500
Division 2: 500 — 1000 — 1500 — 1750 — (1000 + 1250) — 2750
UPD2: : Thanks for participating! Congratulations to the winners!!!
Div. 1: Top 5 are also the only 5 contestant managed to solve all problems!
Honorable mention: taeyeon_ss for solving problem E in just 31mins!
Div. 2:
- MbahSA (solved all problems!)
- mintwhale (solved all problems!)
- Nightmare05
- Don_Quijote
- mangojunior
UPD3:Editorial is out!


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Category: {{book.category}}
Desription: {{book.description}}
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Title Name is required
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