Certain pin assignments in the configuration require pins with "PWM" capabilities. PWM stands for Pulse Width Modulation, which is a hardware feature that allows controlling the intensity of an output, such as the brightness of an LED or the speed of a motor.
Some - not all - of the external pins on the KL25Z have PWM capabilities. When you select a pin for a feature that requires PWM, the pin selector will limit the selection to show only the PWM-capable pins.
If you see a warning icon () next to a pin selection, this indicates that the selection has a conflict. Click on the warning to display a detailed message, which will tell you which other usage is in conflict.
For all pins that you assign, you have to be sure to pick a pin that isn't used for any other purpose. The pin warning message will tell you if a pin is used more than once.
In the case of PWM pins, the situation is slightly more complicated. You not only have to pick a pin that's free, but also one that's connected to a "PWM channel" that's free. If you see a conflict message telling you that your selected pin's PWM channel is used more than once, read on to learn more about what this means.
Internally, the KL25Z handles PWM output pins using a hardware module called the PWM controller. When you assign a pin as a PWM output, the KL25Z internally makes an electrical connection between the selected pin and the PWM controller module.
The KL25Z's PWM controller module only has 10 channels. This means that only 10 independent PWM outputs are possible at any one time. You might notice that there are considerably more than 10 PWM-capable pins, though. How is this possible? It's because each channel on the PWM controller is over-committed. Each channel connects to several pins. For example, channel "0.2" can be connected to PTA5, PTC3, PTD2, or PTE29. The word "or" is really important here, though: you can only connect that channel to one of these pins at any one time.
Therein lies the complication. If you assign PTA5 as a PWM output, this commits PWM channel 0.2 to that pin, and makes PTC3, PTD2, and PTE29 unavailable as PWM outputs. You can still use those other pins for other purposes, but you can't use them as PWM outputs once the channel is in use.
The pin selector tool tries to help by showing you the pins that are unavailable because their respective PWM channels are already assigned to other pins. It's sometimes also helpful for planning purposes to be able to see the overall connection matrix, so here's a cross-reference of the PWM-capable pins and their associated channels, and vice-versa.
| Pin | PWM Channel |
|---|---|
| PTA1 | 2.0 |
| PTA2 | 2.1 |
| PTA4 | 0.1 |
| PTA5 | 0.2 |
| PTA12 | 1.0 |
| PTA13 | 1.1 |
| PTB0 | 1.0 |
| PTB1 | 1.1 |
| PTB2 | 2.0 |
| PTB3 | 2.1 |
| PTB18 | 2.0 |
| PTB19 | 2.1 |
| PTC1 | 0.0 |
| PTC2 | 0.1 |
| PTC3 | 0.2 |
| PTC4 | 0.3 |
| PTC8 | 0.4 |
| PTC9 | 0.5 |
| PTD0 | 0.0 |
| PTD1 | 0.1 |
| PTD2 | 0.2 |
| PTD3 | 0.3 |
| PTD4 | 0.4 |
| PTD5 | 0.5 |
| PTE20 | 1.0 |
| PTE21 | 1.1 |
| PTE22 | 2.0 |
| PTE23 | 2.1 |
| PTE29 | 0.2 |
| PTE30 | 0.3 |
| PTE31 | 0.4 |
| PWM Channel | Connected Pins |
|---|---|
| 0.0 | PTC1, PTD0 |
| 0.1 | PTA4, PTC2, PTD1 |
| 0.2 | PTA5, PTC3, PTD2, PTE29 |
| 0.3 | PTC4, PTD3, PTE30 |
| 0.4 | PTC8, PTD4, PTE31 |
| 0.5 | PTC9, PTD5 |
| 1.0 | PTA12, PTB0, PTE20 |
| 1.1 | PTA13, PTB1, PTE21 |
| 2.0 | PTA1, PTB18, PTB2, PTE22 |
| 2.1 | PTA2, PTB19, PTB3, PTE23 |


| |
- Method resolution order:
- TestMMerge
- unittest.case.TestCase
- __builtin__.object
Methods defined here:
- setUp(self)
- tearDown(self)
- test_overall(self)
- To test via test frameworks.
Methods inherited from unittest.case.TestCase:
- __call__(self, *args, **kwds)
- __eq__(self, other)
- __hash__(self)
- __init__(self, methodName='runTest')
- Create an instance of the class that will use the named test
method when executed. Raises a ValueError if the instance does
not have a method with the specified name.
- __ne__(self, other)
- __repr__(self)
- __str__(self)
- addCleanup(self, function, *args, **kwargs)
- Add a function, with arguments, to be called when the test is
completed. Functions added are called on a LIFO basis and are
called after tearDown on test failure or success.
Cleanup items are called even if setUp fails (unlike tearDown).
- addTypeEqualityFunc(self, typeobj, function)
- Add a type specific assertEqual style function to compare a type.
This method is for use by TestCase subclasses that need to register
their own type equality functions to provide nicer error messages.
Args:
typeobj: The data type to call this function on when both values
are of the same type in assertEqual().
function: The callable taking two arguments and an optional
msg= argument that raises self.failureException with a
useful error message when the two arguments are not equal.
- assertAlmostEqual(self, first, second, places=None, msg=None, delta=None)
- Fail if the two objects are unequal as determined by their
difference rounded to the given number of decimal places
(default 7) and comparing to zero, or by comparing that the
between the two objects is more than the given delta.
Note that decimal places (from zero) are usually not the same
as significant digits (measured from the most signficant digit).
If the two objects compare equal then they will automatically
compare almost equal.
- assertAlmostEquals = assertAlmostEqual(self, first, second, places=None, msg=None, delta=None)
- Fail if the two objects are unequal as determined by their
difference rounded to the given number of decimal places
(default 7) and comparing to zero, or by comparing that the
between the two objects is more than the given delta.
Note that decimal places (from zero) are usually not the same
as significant digits (measured from the most signficant digit).
If the two objects compare equal then they will automatically
compare almost equal.
- assertDictContainsSubset(self, expected, actual, msg=None)
- Checks whether actual is a superset of expected.
- assertDictEqual(self, d1, d2, msg=None)
- assertEqual(self, first, second, msg=None)
- Fail if the two objects are unequal as determined by the '=='
operator.
- assertEquals = assertEqual(self, first, second, msg=None)
- Fail if the two objects are unequal as determined by the '=='
operator.
- assertFalse(self, expr, msg=None)
- Check that the expression is false.
- assertGreater(self, a, b, msg=None)
- Just like assertTrue(a > b), but with a nicer default message.
- assertGreaterEqual(self, a, b, msg=None)
- Just like assertTrue(a >= b), but with a nicer default message.
- assertIn(self, member, container, msg=None)
- Just like assertTrue(a in b), but with a nicer default message.
- assertIs(self, expr1, expr2, msg=None)
- Just like assertTrue(a is b), but with a nicer default message.
- assertIsInstance(self, obj, cls, msg=None)
- Same as assertTrue(isinstance(obj, cls)), with a nicer
default message.
- assertIsNone(self, obj, msg=None)
- Same as assertTrue(obj is None), with a nicer default message.
- assertIsNot(self, expr1, expr2, msg=None)
- Just like assertTrue(a is not b), but with a nicer default message.
- assertIsNotNone(self, obj, msg=None)
- Included for symmetry with assertIsNone.
- assertItemsEqual(self, expected_seq, actual_seq, msg=None)
- An unordered sequence specific comparison. It asserts that
actual_seq and expected_seq have the same element counts.
Equivalent to::
assertEqual(Counter(iter(actual_seq)),
Counter(iter(expected_seq)))
Asserts that each element has the same count in both sequences.
Example:
- [0, 1, 1] and [1, 0, 1] compare equal.
- [0, 0, 1] and [0, 1] compare unequal.
- assertLess(self, a, b, msg=None)
- Just like assertTrue(a < b), but with a nicer default message.
- assertLessEqual(self, a, b, msg=None)
- Just like assertTrue(a <= b), but with a nicer default message.
- assertListEqual(self, list1, list2, msg=None)
- A list-specific equality assertion.
Args:
list1: The first list to compare.
list2: The second list to compare.
msg: Optional message to use on failure instead of a list of
differences.
- assertMultiLineEqual(self, first, second, msg=None)
- Assert that two multi-line strings are equal.
- assertNotAlmostEqual(self, first, second, places=None, msg=None, delta=None)
- Fail if the two objects are equal as determined by their
difference rounded to the given number of decimal places
(default 7) and comparing to zero, or by comparing that the
between the two objects is less than the given delta.
Note that decimal places (from zero) are usually not the same
as significant digits (measured from the most signficant digit).
Objects that are equal automatically fail.
- assertNotAlmostEquals = assertNotAlmostEqual(self, first, second, places=None, msg=None, delta=None)
- Fail if the two objects are equal as determined by their
difference rounded to the given number of decimal places
(default 7) and comparing to zero, or by comparing that the
between the two objects is less than the given delta.
Note that decimal places (from zero) are usually not the same
as significant digits (measured from the most signficant digit).
Objects that are equal automatically fail.
- assertNotEqual(self, first, second, msg=None)
- Fail if the two objects are equal as determined by the '=='
operator.
- assertNotEquals = assertNotEqual(self, first, second, msg=None)
- Fail if the two objects are equal as determined by the '=='
operator.
- assertNotIn(self, member, container, msg=None)
- Just like assertTrue(a not in b), but with a nicer default message.
- assertNotIsInstance(self, obj, cls, msg=None)
- Included for symmetry with assertIsInstance.
- assertNotRegexpMatches(self, text, unexpected_regexp, msg=None)
- Fail the test if the text matches the regular expression.
- assertRaises(self, excClass, callableObj=None, *args, **kwargs)
- Fail unless an exception of class excClass is thrown
by callableObj when invoked with arguments args and keyword
arguments kwargs. If a different type of exception is
thrown, it will not be caught, and the test case will be
deemed to have suffered an error, exactly as for an
unexpected exception.
If called with callableObj omitted or None, will return a
context object used like this::
with assertRaises(SomeException):
do_something()
The context manager keeps a reference to the exception as
the 'exception' attribute. This allows you to inspect the
exception after the assertion::
with assertRaises(SomeException) as cm:
do_something()
the_exception = cm.exception
assertEqual(the_exception.error_code, 3)
- assertRaisesRegexp(self, expected_exception, expected_regexp, callable_obj=None, *args, **kwargs)
- Asserts that the message in a raised exception matches a regexp.
Args:
expected_exception: Exception class expected to be raised.
expected_regexp: Regexp (re pattern object or string) expected
to be found in error message.
callable_obj: Function to be called.
args: Extra args.
kwargs: Extra kwargs.
- assertRegexpMatches(self, text, expected_regexp, msg=None)
- Fail the test unless the text matches the regular expression.
- assertSequenceEqual(self, seq1, seq2, msg=None, seq_type=None)
- An equality assertion for ordered sequences (like lists and tuples).
For the purposes of this function, a valid ordered sequence type is one
which can be indexed, has a length, and has an equality operator.
Args:
seq1: The first sequence to compare.
seq2: The second sequence to compare.
seq_type: The expected datatype of the sequences, or None if no
datatype should be enforced.
msg: Optional message to use on failure instead of a list of
differences.
- assertSetEqual(self, set1, set2, msg=None)
- A set-specific equality assertion.
Args:
set1: The first set to compare.
set2: The second set to compare.
msg: Optional message to use on failure instead of a list of
differences.
assertSetEqual uses ducktyping to support different types of sets, and
is optimized for sets specifically (parameters must support a
difference method).
- assertTrue(self, expr, msg=None)
- Check that the expression is true.
- assertTupleEqual(self, tuple1, tuple2, msg=None)
- A tuple-specific equality assertion.
Args:
tuple1: The first tuple to compare.
tuple2: The second tuple to compare.
msg: Optional message to use on failure instead of a list of
differences.
- assert_ = assertTrue(self, expr, msg=None)
- Check that the expression is true.
- countTestCases(self)
- debug(self)
- Run the test without collecting errors in a TestResult
- defaultTestResult(self)
- doCleanups(self)
- Execute all cleanup functions. Normally called for you after
tearDown.
- fail(self, msg=None)
- Fail immediately, with the given message.
- failIf = deprecated_func(*args, **kwargs)
- failIfAlmostEqual = deprecated_func(*args, **kwargs)
- failIfEqual = deprecated_func(*args, **kwargs)
- failUnless = deprecated_func(*args, **kwargs)
- failUnlessAlmostEqual = deprecated_func(*args, **kwargs)
- failUnlessEqual = deprecated_func(*args, **kwargs)
- failUnlessRaises = deprecated_func(*args, **kwargs)
- id(self)
- run(self, result=None)
- shortDescription(self)
- Returns a one-line description of the test, or None if no
description has been provided.
The default implementation of this method returns the first line of
the specified test method's docstring.
- skipTest(self, reason)
- Skip this test.
Class methods inherited from unittest.case.TestCase:
- setUpClass(cls) from __builtin__.type
- Hook method for setting up class fixture before running tests in the class.
- tearDownClass(cls) from __builtin__.type
- Hook method for deconstructing the class fixture after running all tests in the class.
Data descriptors inherited from unittest.case.TestCase:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
Data and other attributes inherited from unittest.case.TestCase:
- failureException = <type 'exceptions.AssertionError'>
- Assertion failed.
- longMessage = False
- maxDiff = 640
|


public class MainGameScreen extends BaseScreen
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
(package private) com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch |
batch
Batch that updates camera-sensitive parts of the screen
|
private com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.ShapeRenderer |
cameraShapeRenderer
ShapeRenderer that creates camera-sensitive parts of the screen
|
private com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.TextureData |
curSpeech
Current text in pebble's speech bubble
|
private com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.BitmapFont |
font |
private static int |
HEALTH_BAR_HEIGHT |
private static int |
HEALTH_BAR_WIDTH |
private static int |
HEALTH_BAR_X |
private static int |
HEALTH_BAR_Y |
(package private) com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch |
hud
Batch that updates camera-insensitive parts of the screen
|
private static int |
INVENTORY_BUTTON_X |
private static int |
INVENTORY_BUTTON_Y |
(package private) boolean |
keyA |
(package private) boolean |
keyD |
(package private) boolean |
keyE |
private java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.String> |
keyInfo |
(package private) boolean |
keyQ |
(package private) boolean |
keyS |
(package private) boolean |
keyW |
private static int |
MENU_BUTTON_X |
private static int |
MENU_BUTTON_Y |
private GameModel |
model |
private java.lang.String |
mouseInfo |
(package private) boolean |
movingDown |
(package private) boolean |
movingLeft |
(package private) boolean |
movingRight |
(package private) boolean |
movingUp |
private GameElement.State |
prevState |
private com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.ShapeRenderer |
shapeRenderer
ShapeRenderer that creates camera-insensitive parts of the screen
|
private float |
timeLeft |
private com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.BitmapFont |
timerFont |
private com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.ui.Label |
timerLabel
Label for difficulty dependant game countdown
|
private com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.ui.Label.LabelStyle |
timerStyle |
private boolean |
timeUp |
private float |
totTime |
(package private) com.badlogic.gdx.math.Matrix4 |
uiMatrix |
(package private) boolean |
zoomIn |
(package private) boolean |
zoomOut |
controller, leavingInv, timer, ui
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
MainGameScreen(DungeonCrafter parent,
GameModel model)
Constructor - Setup the camera-insensitive parts of the screen (hud)
Inherit the game and the model from the parent class
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
dispose()
Safely dispose all data if necessary
|
void |
draw(float delta)
All the game updates origin from here.
|
void |
hide()
Flush all stateful data.
|
void |
init()
Setup the game audio
|
boolean |
keyDown(int keycode)
Implement for keyboard inputs.
|
boolean |
keyTyped(char character)
Implement for keyboard inputs.
|
boolean |
keyUp(int keycode)
Implement for keyboard inputs.
|
boolean |
mouseMoved(int screenX,
int screenY)
Called when the mouse was moved without any buttons being pressed.
|
void |
pause() |
void |
resize(int width,
int height)
update the camera on window resizes
|
void |
resume() |
boolean |
scrolled(int amount)
Called when the mouse wheel was scrolled.
|
boolean |
touchDown(int screenX,
int screenY,
int pointer,
int button)
Implement for screen clicks or touches.
|
boolean |
touchDragged(int screenX,
int screenY,
int pointer)
Implement for screen clicks or touches.
|
boolean |
touchUp(int screenX,
int screenY,
int pointer,
int button)
Implement for screen clicks or touches.
|
render, show
com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch batch
com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch hud
private com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.ShapeRenderer shapeRenderer
private com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.ShapeRenderer cameraShapeRenderer
boolean movingRight
boolean movingLeft
boolean movingUp
boolean movingDown
boolean zoomIn
boolean zoomOut
boolean keyA
boolean keyD
boolean keyS
boolean keyQ
boolean keyE
boolean keyW
private com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.TextureData curSpeech
private GameElement.State prevState
private com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.ui.Label timerLabel
private com.badlogic.gdx.scenes.scene2d.ui.Label.LabelStyle timerStyle
com.badlogic.gdx.math.Matrix4 uiMatrix
private com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.BitmapFont font
private com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.BitmapFont timerFont
private java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.String> keyInfo
private java.lang.String mouseInfo
private float timeLeft
private float totTime
private boolean timeUp
private GameModel model
private static final int MENU_BUTTON_X
private static final int MENU_BUTTON_Y
private static final int HEALTH_BAR_WIDTH
private static final int HEALTH_BAR_HEIGHT
private static final int HEALTH_BAR_X
private static final int HEALTH_BAR_Y
private static final int INVENTORY_BUTTON_X
private static final int INVENTORY_BUTTON_Y
public MainGameScreen(DungeonCrafter parent, GameModel model)
parent
- Controllermodel
- GameModelpublic void init()
init
in class BaseScreen
public void draw(float delta)
draw
in class BaseScreen
delta
- amount of time that passed since last callpublic void resize(int width, int height)
resize
in interface com.badlogic.gdx.Screen
resize
in class BaseScreen
width
- width of newly resized windowheight
- width of newly resized windowpublic void pause()
public void resume()
public void hide()
public void dispose()
dispose
in interface com.badlogic.gdx.Screen
dispose
in class BaseScreen
public boolean keyDown(int keycode)
keycode
- the code of the key that was clicked. One of Input.Keys.public boolean keyUp(int keycode)
keycode
- the code of the key that was clicked. One of Input.Keys.public boolean keyTyped(char character)
character
- the character that was typedpublic boolean touchDown(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer, int button)
screenX
- x-coordinate of the click. Origin is in the upper left corner.screenY
- y-coordinate of the click. Origin is in the upper left corner.pointer
- the pointer for the event.button
- the button for the event.public boolean touchUp(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer, int button)
screenX
- x-coordinate of the click. Origin is in the upper left corner.screenY
- y-coordinate of the click. Origin is in the upper left corner.pointer
- the pointer for the event.button
- the button for the event.public boolean touchDragged(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer)
screenX
- x-coordinate of the event. Origin is in the upper left corner.screenY
- y-coordinate of the event. Origin is in the upper left corner.pointer
- the pointer for the event.public boolean mouseMoved(int screenX, int screenY)
screenX
- x-coordinate of the event. Origin is in the upper left corner.screenY
- y-coordinate of the event. Origin is in the upper left corner.public boolean scrolled(int amount)
amount
- the amount the wheel was scrolled


Debug Robot&Python scripts
This article provides tutorial how to setup debugging of Python scripts while running Robot testcases.
For basic Robot testcase/keyword debugging, please refer to Debug topic in Help.
Requirements
Installed PyDev with RED - Robot Editor.
This is necessary to be able to run and debug Python scripts within Eclipse.
Debug Python scripts while running Robot testcase
In general, to allow debugging Python scripts while running Robot testcases, you need to setup Python debug execution in such way that Python interpreter will execute Robot runner with suite with enabled Python debugger.
This will trigger any Python script's break point during Robot runtime.
Instructions:
- Include project path in PYTHONPATH environment variable.
This can be done by editing variable on OS level or using PyDev Preferences:
Windows -> Preferences -> PyDev -> Interpreters -> Python under Libraries
- Open Debug Configurations:
- Edit or create new Python Run configuration:
- Provide Project to be debugged, together with path to Robot runner run.py:
- In Arguments tab, provide arguments passed to run.py for Robot execution.
This is the list of testcases/whole project to be included during Debug.
If you are uncertain what should be included, try to run Robot testcase and check console:
- Apply and Close/Debug.
Running such Debug configuration will start Python debugger.
Remember to place at least one breakpoint inside Python script.
Simultaneously debug Python scripts and Robot testcases
This is combination of running Python Debug with Remote Debug of Robot testcases.
In essence, there needs to be two RED/Eclipse instances - one instance is running Python Debug with modification which allows to connect RED as Remote Debug.
This way in one instance (in this case it does not need to be Eclipse, any Python env with proper debug&Robot remote arguments) Python debug can be provided, remote RED instance is providing Robot debug functionalities.
Using 2 Eclipse instances:
Eclipse with Python Debug
- Open Debug Configuration
- Cerate or edit any of Robot Debug Configuration to export TestRunner.py script
TestRunner.py is a script to allow remote RED instance to connect to running Robot.
- Edit Python Debug Configuration: in Arguments include remote listener
Remote listener allows to connect RED instance to running Robot execution which will be provided on this Eclipse instance:
--listener <PATH_TO_TESTRUNNER.PY>:<LOCAL_PORT>:TRUE:<LOCAL_IP>
Note: arguments are position sensitive!
- Apply&Close
RED/Eclipse with Robot Debug
- Create/open different Workspace than in first Eclipse
- Import Project for Debug
Right click on Workspace -> Import -> General -> Existing Projects into Workspace
Remember to select "Copy projects into workspace".
- Edit Debug Configuration for Robot
In Main tab provide imported Project and testsuites:
- Configure Remote tab with LOCAL_IP and LOCAL_PORT from former Eclipse
Running Python&Robot debug
Start debug of Python Debug instance first than start debug of Robot Debug instance.


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Symbolic Systems in Physics/Mechanics¶
The \(SymbolicSystem\) class in physics/mechanics is a location for the pertinent information of a multibody dynamic system. In its most basic form it contains the equations of motion for the dynamic system, however, it can also contain information regarding the loads that the system is subject to, the bodies that the system is comprised of and any additional equations the user feels is important for the system. The goal of this class is to provide a unified output format for the equations of motion that numerical analysis code can be designed around.
SymbolicSystem Example Usage¶
This code will go over the manual input of the equations of motion for the simple pendulum that uses the Cartesian location of the mass as the generalized coordinates into \(SymbolicSystem\).
The equations of motion are formed in the physics/mechanics/examples. In that spot the variables q1 and q2 are used in place of x and y and the reference frame is rotated 90 degrees.
>>> from sympy import atan, symbols, Matrix
>>> from sympy.physics.mechanics import (dynamicsymbols, ReferenceFrame,
... Particle, Point)
>>> import sympy.physics.mechanics.system as system
The first step will be to initialize all of the dynamic and constant symbols.
>>> x, y, u, v, lam = dynamicsymbols('x y u v lambda')
>>> m, l, g = symbols('m l g')
Next step is to define the equations of motion in multiple forms:
- [1] Explicit form where the kinematics and dynamics are combined
- x’ = F_1(x, t, r, p)
- [2] Implicit form where the kinematics and dynamics are combined
- M_2(x, p) x’ = F_2(x, t, r, p)
- [3] Implicit form where the kinematics and dynamics are separate
- M_3(q, p) u’ = F_3(q, u, t, r, p) q’ = G(q, u, t, r, p)
where
x : states, e.g. [q, u] t : time r : specified (exogenous) inputs p : constants q : generalized coordinates u : generalized speeds F_1 : right hand side of the combined equations in explicit form F_2 : right hand side of the combined equations in implicit form F_3 : right hand side of the dynamical equations in implicit form M_2 : mass matrix of the combined equations in implicit form M_3 : mass matrix of the dynamical equations in implicit form G : right hand side of the kinematical differential equations
>>> dyn_implicit_mat = Matrix([[1, 0, -x/m],
... [0, 1, -y/m],
... [0, 0, l**2/m]])
>>> dyn_implicit_rhs = Matrix([0, 0, u**2 + v**2 - g*y])
>>> comb_implicit_mat = Matrix([[1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
... [0, 1, 0, 0, 0],
... [0, 0, 1, 0, -x/m],
... [0, 0, 0, 1, -y/m],
... [0, 0, 0, 0, l**2/m]])
>>> comb_implicit_rhs = Matrix([u, v, 0, 0, u**2 + v**2 - g*y])
>>> kin_explicit_rhs = Matrix([u, v])
>>> comb_explicit_rhs = comb_implicit_mat.LUsolve(comb_implicit_rhs)
Now the reference frames, points and particles will be set up so this information can be passed into \(system.SymbolicSystem\) in the form of a bodies and loads iterable.
>>> theta = atan(x/y)
>>> omega = dynamicsymbols('omega')
>>> N = ReferenceFrame('N')
>>> A = N.orientnew('A', 'Axis', [theta, N.z])
>>> A.set_ang_vel(N, omega * N.z)
>>> O = Point('O')
>>> O.set_vel(N, 0)
>>> P = O.locatenew('P', l * A.x)
>>> P.v2pt_theory(O, N, A)
l*omega*A.y
>>> Pa = Particle('Pa', P, m)
Now the bodies and loads iterables need to be initialized.
>>> bodies = [Pa]
>>> loads = [(P, g * m * N.x)]
The equations of motion are in the form of a differential algebraic equation (DAE) and DAE solvers need to know which of the equations are the algebraic expressions. This information is passed into \(SymbolicSystem\) as a list specifying which rows are the algebraic equations. In this example it is a different row based on the chosen equations of motion format. The row index should always correspond to the mass matrix that is being input to the \(SymbolicSystem\) class but will always correspond to the row index of the combined dynamics and kinematics when being accessed from the \(SymbolicSystem\) class.
>>> alg_con = [2]
>>> alg_con_full = [4]
An iterable containing the states now needs to be created for the system. The \(SymbolicSystem\) class can determine which of the states are considered coordinates or speeds by passing in the indexes of the coordinates and speeds. If these indexes are not passed in the object will not be able to differentiate between coordinates and speeds.
>>> states = (x, y, u, v, lam)
>>> coord_idxs = (0, 1)
>>> speed_idxs = (2, 3)
Now the equations of motion instances can be created using the above mentioned equations of motion formats.
>>> symsystem1 = system.SymbolicSystem(states, comb_explicit_rhs,
... alg_con=alg_con_full, bodies=bodies,
... loads=loads)
>>> symsystem2 = system.SymbolicSystem(states, comb_implicit_rhs,
... mass_matrix=comb_implicit_mat,
... alg_con=alg_con_full,
... coord_idxs=coord_idxs)
>>> symsystem3 = system.SymbolicSystem(states, dyn_implicit_rhs,
... mass_matrix=dyn_implicit_mat,
... coordinate_derivatives=kin_explicit_rhs,
... alg_con=alg_con,
... coord_idxs=coord_idxs,
... speed_idxs=speed_idxs)
Like coordinates and speeds, the bodies and loads attributes can only be
accessed if they are specified during initialization of the `SymbolicSystem`
class. Lastly here are some attributes accessible from the `SymbolicSystem`
class. ::
>>> symsystem1.states
Matrix([
[ x(t)],
[ y(t)],
[ u(t)],
[ v(t)],
[lambda(t)]])
>>> symsystem2.coordinates
Matrix([
[x(t)],
[y(t)]])
>>> symsystem3.speeds
Matrix([
[u(t)],
[v(t)]])
>>> symsystem1.comb_explicit_rhs
Matrix([
[ u(t)],
[ v(t)],
[(-g*y(t) + u(t)**2 + v(t)**2)*x(t)/l**2],
[(-g*y(t) + u(t)**2 + v(t)**2)*y(t)/l**2],
[ m*(-g*y(t) + u(t)**2 + v(t)**2)/l**2]])
>>> symsystem2.comb_implicit_rhs
Matrix([
[ u(t)],
[ v(t)],
[ 0],
[ 0],
[-g*y(t) + u(t)**2 + v(t)**2]])
>>> symsystem2.comb_implicit_mat
Matrix([
[1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 1, 0, -x(t)/m],
[0, 0, 0, 1, -y(t)/m],
[0, 0, 0, 0, l**2/m]])
>>> symsystem3.dyn_implicit_rhs
Matrix([
[ 0],
[ 0],
[-g*y(t) + u(t)**2 + v(t)**2]])
>>> symsystem3.dyn_implicit_mat
Matrix([
[1, 0, -x(t)/m],
[0, 1, -y(t)/m],
[0, 0, l**2/m]])
>>> symsystem3.kin_explicit_rhs
Matrix([
[u(t)],
[v(t)]])
>>> symsystem1.alg_con
[4]
>>> symsystem1.bodies
(Pa,)
>>> symsystem1.loads
((P, g*m*N.x),)


- Do a t-test
- APA formatted output
- Flexibility
- Dataframe of Values
- Contribute
- Credits
- Previous blogposts
One of the most time-consuming part of data analysis in psychology is the copy-pasting of specific values of some R output to a manuscript or a report. This task is frustrating, prone to errors, and increases the variability of statistical reporting. This is an important issue, as standardizing practices of what and how to report might be a key to overcome the reproducibility crisis of psychology. The psycho package was designed specifically to do this job. At first, for complex Bayesian mixed models, but the package is now compatible with basic methods, such as t-tests.
Do a t-test
# Load packages
library(tidyverse)
# devtools::install_github("neuropsychology/psycho.R") # Install the latest psycho version
library(psycho)
df <- psycho::affective # Load the data
results <- t.test(df$Age ~ df$Sex) # Perform a simple t-test
APA formatted output
You simply run the analyze()
function on the t-test object.
psycho::analyze(results)
The Welch Two Sample t-test suggests that the difference of df$Age by df$Sex (mean in group F = 26.78, mean in group M = 27.45, difference = -0.67) is not significant (t(360.68) = -0.86, 95% CI [-2.21, 0.87], p > .1).
Flexibility
It works for all kinds of different t-tests versions.
t.test(df$Adjusting ~ df$Sex,
var.equal=TRUE,
conf.level = .90) %>%
psycho::analyze()
The Two Sample t-test suggests that the difference of df$Adjusting by df$Sex (mean in group F = 3.72, mean in group M = 4.13, difference = -0.41) is significant (t(1249) = -4.13, 90% CI [-0.58, -0.25], p < .001).
t.test(df$Adjusting,
mu=0,
conf.level = .90) %>%
psycho::analyze()
The One Sample t-test suggests that the difference between df$Adjusting (mean = 3.80) and mu = 0 is significant (t(1250) = 93.93, 90% CI [3.74, 3.87], p < .001).
Dataframe of Values
It is also possible to have all the values stored in a dataframe by running a summary on the analyzed object.
library(tidyverse)
t.test(df$Adjusting ~ df$Sex) %>%
psycho::analyze() %>%
summary()
| effect | statistic | df | p | CI_lower | CI_higher |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -0.4149661 | -4.067008 | 377.8364 | 5.8e-05 | -0.6155884 | -0.2143439 |
Contribute
Of course, these reporting standards should change, depending on new expert recommandations or official guidelines. The goal of this package is to flexibly adapt to new changes and accompany the evolution of best practices. Therefore, if you have any advices, opinions or ideas, we encourage you to let us know by opening an issue or, even better, to try to implement changes yourself by contributing to the code.
Credits
This package helped you? Don’t forget to cite the various packages you used :)
You can cite psycho
as follows:
- Makowski, (2018). The psycho Package: An Efficient and Publishing-Oriented Workflow for Psychological Science. Journal of Open Source Software, 3(22), 470. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.00470
Previous blogposts
- Copy/paste t-tests Directly to Manuscripts
- APA Formatted Bayesian Correlation
- Fancy Plot (with Posterior Samples) for Bayesian Regressions
- How Many Factors to Retain in Factor Analysis
- Beautiful and Powerful Correlation Tables
- Format and Interpret Linear Mixed Models
- How to do Repeated Measures ANOVAs
- Standardize (Z-score) a dataframe
- Compute Signal Detection Theory Indices


Back to work in
{{ remainTime | formatTimer }}
Back to work, now!
elapsed {{ elapsedTime | formatTimer }}
{{ paused ? 'Resume' : 'Pause' }}
Back to Work


To handle date time in LiveCharts you must create a custom scale for your charts, it is not hard but please before reading this article identify if this is necessary, if you need just simple labels as "January, February, March", and all of them are separated by a regular interval then maybe just using Axis.Labels is enough, understanding how LiveCharts works is also helpful.
<lvc:CartesianChart Series="{Binding Series}"> <lvc:CartesianChart.AxisX> <lvc:Axis LabelFormatter="{Binding Formatter}"></lvc:Axis> </lvc:CartesianChart.AxisX> </lvc:CartesianChart>
In this case we are going to plot a custom type defined in the next code snippet
For now everything is simple, just one problem with this method, when you need any bar series, the bar's width is unitary (1), notice we are using DateTime.Ticks as X, so the width of the bar is 1 tick and 1 tick is 1 millisecond, notice our points are separated by 2 hours, the bar series is being drawn but with a width of 1 millisecond, 1 millisecond is invisible in an interval of 2 hours, so how do we make our bars visible?
We need to change the unit of the chart, in this case we are going to use hours
var dayConfig = Mappers.Xy<DateModel>() .X(dateModel => dateModel.DateTime.Ticks/TimeSpan.FromHours(1).Ticks) .Y(dateModel => dateModel.Value); //and the formatter Formatter = value => new DateTime((long) (value*TimeSpan.FromHours(1).Ticks)).ToString("t");
Now instead the unit of the chart is one hour, and the bars width will be 1 hour.
The next set of examples show how to configure your chart's scale in many time intervals
//Every 15 minutes var dayConfig = Mappers.Xy<DateModel>() .X(dateModel => dateModel.DateTime.Ticks/TimeSpan.FromMinutes(15).Ticks) .Y(dateModel => dateModel.Value); //and the formatter Formatter = value => new DateTime((long) (value*TimeSpan.FromMinutes(15).Ticks)).ToString("t"); //Days var dayConfig = Mappers.Xy<DateModel>() .X(dateModel => dateModel.DateTime.Ticks/TimeSpan.FromDays(1).Ticks) .Y(dateModel => dateModel.Value); //and the formatter Formatter = value => new DateTime((long) (value*TimeSpan.FromDays(1).Ticks)).ToString("d"); //Months //30.44 is the average days in a solar year var dayConfig = Mappers.Xy<DateModel>() .X(dateModel => dateModel.DateTime.Ticks/(TimeSpan.FromDays(1).Ticks*30.44)) .Y(dateModel => dateModel.Value); //and the formatter Formatter = value => new DateTime((long) (value*TimeSpan.FromDays(1).Ticks*30.44)).ToString("M"); //Years //365.2425 is the days in a solar year var dayConfig = Mappers.Xy<DateModel>() .X(dateModel => dateModel.DateTime.Ticks/(TimeSpan.FromDays(1).Ticks*365.2425)) .Y(dateModel => dateModel.Value); //and the formatter Formatter = value => new DateTime((long) (value*TimeSpan.FromDays(1).Ticks*365.2425)).ToString("yyyy");
Note: because not all the months and years have the same number of days, the width of every bar could vary for months: +-(1/30.44) and for years: +-(1/365.2425), a small and depreciable visual error.


This script is meant to be a standalone (no-dependencies) script for hubot, which allows your robot to parse and process dice rolls. You can view the repository and install the script from there, as it is not currently listed in NPM.
Though, you could always use this page if you don't have your hubot instance handy.


Issue 5244: Allow CSS rules other than CSSStyleRules to be inspected inside the CSS panel
Steps to reproduce
- Open Firebug
- Switch to the DOM panel
- Right-click on the value of the variable
importRule
(CSSImportRule test.css
)
⇒ The context menu should offer an option
Inspect in CSS Panel.
- Click that option
Expected result
-
Firebug should switch to the CSS panel and highlight the import rule
@import "test.css";
.


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on
Component initialization order
Category: Patterns
Roku's documentation contains a good article about component initialization order. Specifically, it states:
Instances of components defined in an XML file follow a well-defined initialization order when they are created.
- The
<children>
element nodes defined in XML markup are created, and their fields are set to their initial values, either to a default value, or to the value specified in the XML markup.- The
<interface>
element fields of the XML component are created, and their initial values are set, either to a default value, or to the value specified by the value attribute.- The
<script>
elementinit()
function is called, and all initializations contained in the function are performed.
While that is very helpful, it leaves out some subtle bits and sometimes it can be hard to visualize, so let's do some experiments to better illustrate the order.
Consider the following component hierarchies:
Parent > ParentBase > Group
Child > ChildBase > Group
Let's let the ParentBase
component define a Child
in its <children>
markup:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<component name="ParentBase" extends="Group">
<script type="text/brightscript" uri="pkg:/components/ParentBase.brs"/>
<children>
<Child id="childInParentBase"/>
</children>
</component>
And, let's imagine that the Parent
component defines a Child
component as part of its <children>
:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<component name="Parent" extends="ParentBase">
<script type="text/brightscript" uri="pkg:/components/Parent.brs"/>
<children>
<Child id="childFromParent"/>
</children>
</component>
Now consider another component that uses the Parent
component and defines some additional children:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<component name="OtherComponent" extends="Group">
<script type="text/brightscript" uri="pkg:/components/OtherComponent.brs"/>
<children>
<Parent id="parent">
<Child id="firstchild"/>
<Child id="secondchild"/>
</Parent>
</children>
</component>
If you run this code, you will see that the order of the init
calls is actually:
ChildBase for childInParentBase
Child for childInParentBase
ParentBase for parent
ChildBase for childFromParent
ChildBase for childFromParent
Parent for parent
ChildBase for firstChild
Child for firstChild
ChildBase for secondChild
Child for secondChild
So if we wanted to write a more complete order of initialization, it might look like this:
- If the component extends another component, the base component (including all children) will be initialized first
- Initialize nodes defined in
<children>
- Call component's
init()
method - Field values are available for reading
- Children added via markup are initialized
Understanding the order is helpful, but understanding the implications is also very important. Consider these perhaps subtle implications:
Non-default field values are not available in init()
Consider this init()
code:
sub init()
?"My id is: " + m.top.id
end sub
Assuming the id
property was set in markup, you might be surprised to see the output of this is:
My id is:
At the time that init()
is called, any non-default field values are not yet set, so m.top.id
has no value.
Similarly, any values you set on m.top
in init()
could be overwritten when initialization is complete:
sub init()
m.top.id = "set_in_init"
?"My id is: " + m.top.id
end sub
function onKeyEvent(key, press)
?"My id is now: " + m.top.id
return true
end function
Prints:
My id is: set_in_init
My id is now: parent
Cannot access getParent()
from init()
The Roku docs say:
For nodes that are defined in the
<children>
XML markup of the component file, the parent node is set after the node is created, andinit()
is called.
Essentially that means that the children are not yet 'parented' when their init()
function is ran. That means that if you call getParent()
in init()
, it will return invalid
.
Cannot setFocus()
from init()
Following on the above behavior, that means that the children created in a component are not yet valid targets for focus while init()
is running. The children are not parented (added to the Scene Graph tree) until after init()
is complete and calls to setFocus()
require that the node being focused is in the Scene Graph tree. However, experimentation has shown that you can often get away with calling setFocus()
on a child in the init()
and I personally have done it often in real apps. I have also seen it not work and struggled to figure out why, so it is probably better to just avoid the ambiguity and not do this.
(It is usually not a good idea to set the focus during object creation anyway, and a better approach is to set up an observer on focusedChild
so that your component is aware when something is trying to set focus on it and handle focus at that time.)


VSchema stands for Vitess Schema. In contrast to a traditional database schema that contains metadata about tables, a VSchema contains metadata about how tables are organized across keyspaces and shards.
For example, the VSchema will contain the information about the sharding key for a sharded table. When the application issues a query with a WHERE clause that references the key, the VSchema information will be used to route the query to the appropriate shard.
In Vitess, a keyspace
is sharded by keyspace ID
ranges. Each row is assigned a keyspace ID, which acts like a street address, and it determines the shard where the row lives. In some respect, one could say that the keyspace ID
is the equivalent of a NoSQL sharding key. However, there are some differences:
keyspace ID
is a concept that is internal to Vitess. The application does not need to know anything about it.keyspace ID
. This value is computed as needed.This difference is significant enough that we do not refer to the keyspace ID as the sharding key. we will later introduce the concept of a Primary Vindex which more closely ressembles the NoSQL sharding key.
Mapping to a keyspace ID
, and then to a shard, gives us the flexibility to reshard the data with minimal disruption because the keyspace ID
of each row remains unchanged through the process.
The Sharding Key is a concept that was introduced by NoSQL datastores. It is based on the fact that there is only one access path to the data, which is the Key. However, relational databases are more versatile about the data and their relationships. So, sharding a database by only designating a sharding key is often insufficient.
If one were to draw an analogy, the indexes in a database would be the equivalent of the key in a NoSQL datastore, except that databases allow you to define multiple indexes per table, and there are many types of indexes. Extending this analogy to a sharded database results in different types of cross-shard indexes. In Vitess, these are called Vindexes.
Simplistically stated, a Vindex provides a way to map a column value to a keyspace ID
. This mapping can be used to identify the location of a row. A variety of vindexes are available to choose from with different trade-offs, and you can choose one that best suits your needs.
Vindexes offer many flexibilities:
The Primary Vindex is analogous to a database primary key. Every sharded table must have one defined. A Primary Vindex must be unique: given an input value, it must produce a single keyspace ID. This unique mapping will be used at the time of insert to decide the target shard for a row. Conceptually, this is also equivalent to the NoSQL Sharding Key, and we often refer to the Primary Vindex as the Sharding Key.
Uniqueness for a Primary Vindex does not mean that the column has to be a primary key or unique in the MySQL schema. You can have multiple rows that map to the same keyspace ID. The Vindex uniqueness constraint is only used to make sure that all rows for a keyspace ID live in the same shard.
However, there is a subtle difference: NoSQL datastores let you choose the Sharding Key, but the Sharding Scheme is generally hardcoded in the engine. In Vitess, the choice of Vindex lets you control how a column value maps to a keyspace ID. In other words, a Primary Vindex in Vitess not only defines the Sharding Key, it also decides the Sharding Scheme.
Vindexes come in many varieties. Some of them can be used as Primary Vindex, and others have different purposes. The following sections will describe their properties.
Secondary Vindexes are additional vindexes you can define against other columns of a table offering you optimizations for WHERE clauses that do not use the Primary Vindex. Secondary Vindexes return a single or a limited set of keyspace IDs
which will allow VTGate to only target shards where the relevant data is present. In the absence of a Secondary Vindex, VTGate would have to send the query to all shards.
Secondary Vindexes are also commonly known as cross-shard indexes. It is important to note that Secondary Vindexes are only for making routing decisions. The underlying database shards will most likely need traditional indexes on those same columns.
A Unique Vindex is one that yields at most one keyspace ID for a given input. Knowing that a Vindex is Unique is useful because VTGate can push down some complex queries into VTTablet if it knows that the scope of that query cannot exceed a shard. Uniqueness is also a prerequisite for a Vindex to be used as Primary Vindex.
A NonUnique Vindex is analogous to a database non-unique index. It is a secondary index for searching by an alternate WHERE clause. An input value could yield multiple keyspace IDs, and rows could be matched from multiple shards. For example, if a table has a name
column that allows duplicates, you can define a cross-shard NonUnique Vindex for it, and this will let you efficiently search for users that match a certain name
.
A Functional Vindex is one where the column value to keyspace ID mapping is pre-established, typically through an algorithmic function. In contrast, a Lookup Vindex is one that gives you the ability to create an association between a value and a keyspace ID, and recall it later when needed.
Typically, the Primary Vindex is Functional. In some cases, it is the identity function where the input value yields itself as the kesypace id. However, one could also choose other algorithms like hashing or mod functions.
A Lookup Vindex is usually backed by a lookup table. This is analogous to the traditional database index, except that it is cross-shard. At the time of insert, the computed keyspace ID of the row is stored in the lookup table against the column value.
Relational databases encourage normalization, which lets you split data into different tables to avoid duplication in the case of one-to-many relationships. In such cases, a key is shared between the two tables to indicate that the rows are related, aka Foreign Key
.
In a sharded environment, it is often beneficial to keep those rows in the same shard. If a Lookup Vindex was created on the foreign key column of each of those tables, you would find that the backing tables would actually be identical. In such cases, Vitess lets you share a single Lookup Vindex for multiple tables. Of these, one of them is designated as the owner, which is responsible for creating and deleting these associations. The other tables just reuse these associations.
Caveat: If you delete a row from the owner table, Vitess will not perform cascading deletes. This is mainly for efficiency reasons; The application is likely capable of doing this more efficiently.
Functional Vindexes can be also be shared. However, there is no concept of ownership because the column to keyspace ID mapping is pre-established.
The previously described properties are mostly orthogonal. Combining them gives rise to the following valid categories:
Of the above categories, Functional Unique
and Lookup Unique Unowned
Vindexes can be Primary. This is because those are the only ones that are unique and have the column to keyspace ID mapping pre-established. This is required because the Primary Vindex is responsible for assigning the keyspace ID for a row when it is created.
However, it is generally not recommended to use a Lookup vindex as Primary because it is too slow for resharding. If absolutely unavoidable, you can use a Lookup Vindex as Primary. In such cases, it is recommended that you add a keyspace ID
column to such tables. While resharding, Vitess can use that column to efficiently compute the target shard. You can even configure Vitess to auto-populate that column on inserts. This is done using the reverse map feature explained below.
Vindexes have costs. For routing a query, the Vindex with the lowest cost is chosen. The current costs are:
| Vindex Type | Cost |
|---|---|
| Indentity | 0 |
| Functional | 1 |
| Lookup Unique | 10 |
| Lookup NonUnique | 20 |
In the case of a simple select, Vitess scans the WHERE clause to match references to Vindex columns and chooses the best one to use. If there is no match and the query is simple without complex constructs like aggreates, etc, it is sent to all shards.
Vitess can handle more complex queries. For now, you can refer to the design doc on how it handles them.
The WHERE clause is used to route the update. Changing the value of a Vindex column is unsupported because this may result in a row being migrated from one shard to another.
If the table owns lookup vindexes, then the rows to be deleted are first read and the associated Vindex entries are deleted. Following this, the query is routed according to the WHERE clause.
Vitess provides the following predefined Vindexes:
| Name | Type | Description | Primary | Reversible | Cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| binary | Functional Unique | Identity | Yes | Yes | 0 |
| binary_md5 | Functional Unique | md5 hash | Yes | No | 1 |
| hash | Functional Unique | 3DES null-key hash | Yes | Yes | 1 |
| lookup | Lookup NonUnique | Lookup table non-unique values | No | Yes | 20 |
| lookup_unique | Lookup Unique | Lookup table unique values | If unowned | Yes | 10 |
| numeric | Functional Unique | Identity | Yes | Yes | 0 |
| numeric_static_map | Functional Unique | A JSON file that maps input values to keyspace IDs | Yes | No | 1 |
| unicode_loose_md5 | Functional Unique | Case-insensitive (UCA level 1) md5 hash | Yes | No | 1 |
Custom vindexes can also be plugged in as needed.
Auto-increment columns do not work very well for sharded tables. Vitess sequences solve this problem. Sequence tables must be specified in the VSchema, and then tied to table columns. At the time of insert, if no value is specified for such a column, VTGate will generate a number for it using the sequence table.
As mentioned in the beginning of the document, a VSchema is needed to tie together all the databases that Vitess manages. For a very trivial setup where there is only one unsharded keyspace, there is no need to specify a VSchema because Vitess will know that there is no other place to route a query.
If you have multiple unsharded keyspaces, you can still avoid defining a VSchema in one of two ways:
keyspace.table
in your queries.However, once the setup exceeds the above complexity, VSchemas become a necessity. Vitess has a working demo of VSchemas. This section documents the various features highlighted with snippets pulled from the demo.
The following snippets show the necessary configs for creating a table in an unsharded keyspace:
Schema:
# lookup keyspace
create table name_user_idx(name varchar(128), user_id bigint, primary key(name, user_id));
VSchema:
// lookup keyspace
{
"sharded": false,
"tables": {
"name_user_idx": {}
}
}
For a normal unsharded table, the VSchema only needs to know the table name. No additional metadata is needed.
To create a sharded table with a simple Primary Vindex, the VSchema requires more information:
Schema:
# user keyspace
create table user(user_id bigint, name varchar(128), primary key(user_id));
VSchema:
// user keyspace
{
"sharded": true,
"vindexes": {
"hash": {
"type": "hash"
},
"tables": {
"user": {
"column_vindexes": [
{
"column": "user_id",
"name": "hash"
}
]
}
}
}
Because Vindexes can be shared, the JSON requires them to be specified in a separate vindexes
section, and then referenced by name from the tables
section. The VSchema above simply states that user_id
uses hash
as Primary Vindex. The first Vindex of every table must be the Primary Vindex.
Since user is a sharded table, it will be beneficial to tie it to a Sequence. However, the sequence must be defined in the lookup (unsharded) keyspace. It is then referred from the user (sharded) keyspace. In this example, we are designating the user_id (Primary Vindex) column as the auto-increment.
Schema:
# lookup keyspace
create table user_seq(id int, next_id bigint, cache bigint, primary key(id)) comment 'vitess_sequence';
insert into user_seq(id, next_id, cache) values(0, 1, 3);
For the sequence table, id
is always 0. next_id
starts off as 1, and the cache is usually a medium-sized number like 1000. In our example, we are using a small number to showcase how it works.
VSchema:
// lookup keyspace
{
"sharded": false,
"tables": {
"user_seq": {
"type": "sequence"
}
}
}
// user keyspace
{
"sharded": true,
"vindexes": {
"hash": {
"type": "hash"
},
"tables": {
"user": {
"column_vindexes": [
{
"column": "user_id",
"name": "hash"
}
],
"auto_increment": {
"column": "user_id",
"sequence": "user_seq"
}
}
}
}
The following snippet shows how to configure a Secondary Vindex that is backed by a lookup table. In this case, the lookup table is configured to be in the unsharded lookup keyspace:
Schema:
# lookup keyspace
create table name_user_idx(name varchar(128), user_id bigint, primary key(name, user_id));
VSchema:
// lookup keyspace
{
"sharded": false,
"tables": {
"name_user_idx": {}
}
}
// user keyspace
{
"sharded": true,
"vindexes": {
"name_user_idx": {
"type": "lookup_hash",
"params": {
"table": "name_user_idx",
"from": "name",
"to": "user_id"
},
"owner": "user"
},
"tables": {
"user": {
"column_vindexes": [
{
"column": "name",
"name": "name_user_idx"
}
]
}
}
}
To recap, a checklist for creating the shared Secondary Vindex is:
name_user_idx
table in lookup database.lookup_hash
that points to it. Ensure that the params
match the table name and columns.user
table.name
uses the Vindex.Currently, these steps have to be currently performed manually. However, extended DDLs backed by improved automation will simplify these tasks in the future.
The examples/demo also shows more tricks you can perform:
music
table uses a secondary lookup vindex music_user_idx
. However, this lookup vindex is itself a sharded table.music_extra
shares music_user_idx
with music
, and uses it as Primary Vindex.music_extra
defines an additional Functional Vindex called keyspace_id
which the demo auto-populates using the reverse mapping capability.name_info
table that showcases a case-insensitive Vindex unicode_loose_md5
.VSchema is still evolving. Features are mostly added on demand. The following features are currently on our roadmap:


I am a Front End Developer with a background in management. I have a bachelor's degree from Kennesaw State University and am a certified full stack web developer from Georgia Tech University. While in school for both programs I also worked full time maintaining a good work and school balance to succeed in both. My skills for web development include HTML, CSS, JavaScript/Jquery, Express.js, Node.js, Handlebars and adding more everyday to develop a user friendly and responsive website. I take great pride in understanding what the client is looking for and working with a team effectively to deliver their vision. I have been able to put these skills into action through various projects that showcase my strength as a web developer.
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--- layout: post title: PhD study on innovation with open source categories: - sightings author: David published: true date: 2007-07-01 23:58:00.000000000 +01:00 ---
Zilia Iskoujina is a PhD student from the UK who’s doing research on Knowledge management and innovation in virtual organisations. As part of that, a questionaire for people working in open source has been created. If you have 15 minutes, consider filling it out.


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| Packages that use PointerTargetNodeList | |
|---|---|
| net.sf.extjwnl.data | Classes for extracting and containing data from the dictionary. |
| net.sf.extjwnl.data.list | Lists and associated classes that hold the results of relationship operations. |
| net.sf.extjwnl.data.relationship | Tools for finding pointer relationships between words. |
| Uses of PointerTargetNodeList in net.sf.extjwnl.data |
|---|
| Methods in net.sf.extjwnl.data that return PointerTargetNodeList | |
|---|---|
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getAlsoSees(Synset synset)
Finds what words are related to synset . |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getAntonyms(Synset synset)
Returns the words that mean the opposite of synset . |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getAttributes(Synset synset)
Returns the attributes of synset . |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getCauses(Synset synset)
Finds direct cause links of synset . |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getCoordinateTerms(Synset synset)
Returns synset 's siblings (the hyponyms of its hypernyms). |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getDirectHypernyms(Synset synset)
Returns the immediate parents of synset . |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getDirectHyponyms(Synset synset)
Returns the immediate children of synset . |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getEntailments(Synset synset)
Finds direct entailments of synset . |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getHolonyms(Synset synset)
Returns holonyms of synset . |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getMemberHolonyms(Synset synset)
Returns member holonyms of synset . |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getMemberMeronyms(Synset synset)
Returns member meronyms of synset . |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getMeronyms(Synset synset)
Returns meronyms of synset . |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getPartHolonyms(Synset synset)
Returns part holonyms of synset . |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getParticipleOf(Synset synset)
Finds participle of links of synset . |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getPartMeronyms(Synset synset)
Returns part meronyms of synset . |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getPertainyms(Synset synset)
Returns the pertainyms for synset. |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getSubstanceHolonyms(Synset synset)
Returns substance holonyms of synset . |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getSubstanceMeronyms(Synset synset)
Returns substance meronyms of synset . |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getSynonyms(Synset synset)
Returns the synonyms for synset. |
static PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerUtils.getVerbGroup(Synset synset)
Returns the group that this verb belongs to. |
| Methods in net.sf.extjwnl.data with parameters of type PointerTargetNodeList | |
|---|---|
static PointerTargetTreeNodeList |
PointerUtils.makePointerTargetTreeList(PointerTargetNodeList list,
PointerType[] searchTypes,
PointerType labelType,
int depth,
boolean allowRedundancies)
Makes a nested list of pointer targets to depth depth, starting at each synset in
list. |
static PointerTargetTreeNodeList |
PointerUtils.makePointerTargetTreeList(PointerTargetNodeList list,
PointerType searchType,
PointerType labelType,
int depth,
boolean allowRedundancies)
Makes a nested list of pointer targets to depth depth, starting at each synset in
list. |
| Uses of PointerTargetNodeList in net.sf.extjwnl.data.list |
|---|
| Methods in net.sf.extjwnl.data.list that return PointerTargetNodeList | |
|---|---|
PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerTargetNodeList.clone()
|
PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerTargetNodeList.deepClone()
|
PointerTargetNodeList |
PointerTargetNodeList.reverse()
Reverses the contents of this list. |
| Methods in net.sf.extjwnl.data.list that return types with arguments of type PointerTargetNodeList | |
|---|---|
List<PointerTargetNodeList> |
PointerTargetTree.reverse()
Reverse this tree. |
List<PointerTargetNodeList> |
PointerTargetTree.toList()
Convert this tree to a list of PointerTargetNodeLists. |
List<PointerTargetNodeList> |
PointerTargetTreeNode.toList(PointerTargetNodeList list)
Convert this node into a list of PointerTargetNodeLists's, each representing a unique branch through the tree |
| Methods in net.sf.extjwnl.data.list with parameters of type PointerTargetNodeList | |
|---|---|
List<PointerTargetNodeList> |
PointerTargetTreeNode.toList(PointerTargetNodeList list)
Convert this node into a list of PointerTargetNodeLists's, each representing a unique branch through the tree |
| Uses of PointerTargetNodeList in net.sf.extjwnl.data.relationship |
|---|
| Methods in net.sf.extjwnl.data.relationship that return PointerTargetNodeList | |
|---|---|
PointerTargetNodeList |
Relationship.getNodeList()
Returns the list that contains the nodes of this relationship. |
| Constructors in net.sf.extjwnl.data.relationship with parameters of type PointerTargetNodeList | |
|---|---|
AsymmetricRelationship(PointerType type,
PointerTargetNodeList nodes,
int commonParentIndex,
Synset sourceSynset,
Synset targetSynset)
|
|
Relationship(PointerType type,
PointerTargetNodeList nodes,
Synset sourceSynset,
Synset targetSynset)
|
|
SymmetricRelationship(PointerType type,
PointerTargetNodeList nodes,
Synset sourceSynset,
Synset targetSynset)
|
|
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This siege requires that you ally with an ol mahum warrior for battle. All five of these have good reputations. Now choose!
ol mahum berserker
ol mahum patrol
ol mahum prefect
ol mahum cleric
ol mahum thief


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| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object org.xml.sax.HandlerBase org.apache.xmlrpc.applet.XmlRpcSupport
FIXME: Leverage the XmlRpc class.
| Nested Class Summary | |
(package private) class |
XmlRpcSupport.Value
This represents an XML-RPC Value while the request is being parsed. |
(package private) class |
XmlRpcSupport.XmlWriter
A quick and dirty XML writer. |
| Field Summary | |
(package private) static int |
ARRAY
|
(package private) org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64 |
base64
|
(package private) static int |
BASE64
|
(package private) static int |
BOOLEAN
|
(package private) java.lang.StringBuffer |
cdata
|
(package private) XmlRpcSupport.Value |
currentValue
|
(package private) static int |
DATE
|
static boolean |
debug
|
(package private) static int |
DOUBLE
|
(package private) boolean |
fault
|
(package private) static java.text.DateFormat |
format
|
(package private) static int |
INTEGER
|
(package private) java.lang.String |
methodName
|
(package private) boolean |
readCdata
|
(package private) java.lang.Object |
result
|
(package private) static int |
STRING
|
(package private) static int |
STRUCT
|
(package private) static java.lang.String[] |
types
|
(package private) java.net.URL |
url
|
(package private) java.util.Stack |
values
|
| Constructor Summary | |
XmlRpcSupport(java.net.URL url)
|
| Method Summary | |
void |
characters(char[] ch,
int start,
int length)
Method called by SAX driver. |
void |
endElement(java.lang.String name)
Method called by SAX driver. |
void |
error(org.xml.sax.SAXParseException e)
Receive notification of a recoverable parser error. |
java.lang.Object |
execute(java.lang.String method,
java.util.Vector arguments)
Generate an XML-RPC request and send it to the server. |
void |
fatalError(org.xml.sax.SAXParseException e)
Report a fatal XML parsing error. |
(package private) void |
objectParsed(java.lang.Object what)
Called when the return value has been parsed. |
(package private) void |
parse(java.io.InputStream is)
Parse the input stream. |
static void |
setDebug(boolean val)
Switch debugging output on/off. |
void |
startElement(java.lang.String name,
org.xml.sax.AttributeList atts)
Method called by SAX driver. |
(package private) void |
writeObject(java.lang.Object what,
XmlRpcSupport.XmlWriter writer)
Writes the XML representation of a supported Java object to the XML writer. |
(package private) void |
writeRequest(XmlRpcSupport.XmlWriter writer,
java.lang.String method,
java.util.Vector params)
Generate an XML-RPC request from a method name and a parameter vector. |
| Methods inherited from class org.xml.sax.HandlerBase |
endDocument, ignorableWhitespace, notationDecl, processingInstruction, resolveEntity, setDocumentLocator, startDocument, unparsedEntityDecl, warning |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
java.net.URL url
java.lang.String methodName
boolean fault
java.lang.Object result
org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64 base64
java.util.Stack values
XmlRpcSupport.Value currentValue
boolean readCdata
static final java.text.DateFormat format
java.lang.StringBuffer cdata
static final int STRING
static final int INTEGER
static final int BOOLEAN
static final int DOUBLE
static final int DATE
static final int BASE64
static final int STRUCT
static final int ARRAY
public static boolean debug
static final java.lang.String[] types
| Constructor Detail |
public XmlRpcSupport(java.net.URL url)
url
- | Method Detail |
public static void setDebug(boolean val)
void parse(java.io.InputStream is) throws java.lang.Exception
objectParsed
is called.
java.lang.Exception
void writeObject(java.lang.Object what, XmlRpcSupport.XmlWriter writer) throws java.io.IOException
java.io.IOException
public java.lang.Object execute(java.lang.String method, java.util.Vector arguments) throws XmlRpcException, java.io.IOException
XmlRpcException
- If the remote host returned a fault message.
java.io.IOException
- If the call could not be made for lower level
problems.void objectParsed(java.lang.Object what)
void writeRequest(XmlRpcSupport.XmlWriter writer, java.lang.String method, java.util.Vector params) throws java.io.IOException
java.io.IOException
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws org.xml.sax.SAXException
ch
- The characters.start
- The start position in the character array.length
- The number of characters to use from the
character array.
org.xml.sax.SAXException
- Any SAX exception, possibly
wrapping another exception.DocumentHandler.characters(char[], int, int)
public void endElement(java.lang.String name) throws org.xml.sax.SAXException
name
- The element type name.
org.xml.sax.SAXException
- Any SAX exception, possibly
wrapping another exception.DocumentHandler.endElement(java.lang.String)
public void startElement(java.lang.String name, org.xml.sax.AttributeList atts) throws org.xml.sax.SAXException
name
- The element type name.atts
- The specified or defaulted attributes.
org.xml.sax.SAXException
- Any SAX exception, possibly
wrapping another exception.DocumentHandler.startElement(java.lang.String, org.xml.sax.AttributeList)
public void error(org.xml.sax.SAXParseException e) throws org.xml.sax.SAXException
org.xml.sax.HandlerBase
The default implementation does nothing. Application writers may override this method in a subclass to take specific actions for each error, such as inserting the message in a log file or printing it to the console.
e
-
org.xml.sax.SAXException
ErrorHandler.warning(org.xml.sax.SAXParseException)
,
SAXParseException
public void fatalError(org.xml.sax.SAXParseException e) throws org.xml.sax.SAXException
org.xml.sax.HandlerBase
The default implementation throws a SAXParseException. Application writers may override this method in a subclass if they need to take specific actions for each fatal error (such as collecting all of the errors into a single report): in any case, the application must stop all regular processing when this method is invoked, since the document is no longer reliable, and the parser may no longer report parsing events.
e
-
org.xml.sax.SAXException
ErrorHandler.fatalError(org.xml.sax.SAXParseException)
,
SAXParseException
|
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| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


Before Change
action = torch.clamp(
det_actions + gaussian_sample,
self.action_space.low * torch.ones_like(det_actions),
self.action_space.high * torch.ones_like(det_actions))
// No exploration -> Return deterministic actions.
else:
action = action_dist.deterministic_sample()
After Change
mean=torch.zeros(det_actions.size()), std=self.stddev)
action = torch.clamp(det_actions + gaussian_sample,
self.action_space.low.item(0),
self.action_space.high.item(0))
// No exploration -> Return deterministic actions.
else:
action = action_dist.deterministic_sample()


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Technical Post 9.0
Deferred Objects
by Joan Torres
Welcome to another entry of this simple mystical tech blog. Today, I feel like talking about asynchronicity, specifically using Deferred Objects.
Deferred Objects?
As we learned from a previous entry, in web development, we can use javascript when we want a more dynamic response on the client-side of our application. One common way to implement this is through AJAX. The JavaScript library jQuery provides a simple interface for performing asynchronous requests with AJAX:
$.ajax({ url: "/resources", type: "post", data: { foo: "bar" } })
However, this function is actually a wrapper for the jQuery Deferred Interface. A Deferred Object in jQuery is an object whose execution gets put off till later. Understanding this interface can actually help us understand asynchronicity (and thus AJAX) even more.
A Simple Implementation (Status)
There are quite a few functions within jQuery's deferred object. However, I will stick to only a few basic ones which should be enough to understand how it works. We'll use plain vanilla JavaScript to implement a minimal Deferred object.
The first thing we need to consider about the deferred objects is their status. Once a deferred object is initialized it is set to pending until some other action changes it to resolved if it can be successfully executed or rejected if for some reason it shouldn't run at this time. This means we can begin writing our implementation with this:
var Deferred = function(){ this.status = "pending" }
We've written a simple constructor function that will initialize an instance of Deferred with the status of "pending". Now let's expand its prototype with resolve and reject functions which can change the status of our Deferred object:
Deferred.prototype = { resolve: function(){ this.status = "resolved" }, reject: function(){ this.status = "rejected" } }
A Simple Implementation (Callbacks)
Now our Deferred object can be initialized, resolved or rejected. However, there's another really important functionality that we should include, the callbacks. Since we can have our Deferred object be resolved or rejected we probably want to provide a way to set callback functions for a successful execution as well as for an unsuccessful one. In jQuery, this is implemented using a done and a fail function. These functions can take any number of functions as arguments and work as callback setters for our Deferred object. One simple way we could implement each of these is this way:
Deferred.prototype = { done: function(){ this.callbacks = arguments; return this; }, fail: function(){ this.failCallbacks = arguments; return this; } }
There's a couple of concepts that are worth noting on those few lines of code. The first one is the use of the JavaScript object arguments which holds every single argument that the function receives. Since JavaScript already allows the programmer to pass in none or more than the required arguments for any function when invoking it, then we want to take advantage of that. Therefore we use the arguments object which is an array-like object of whatever it is that the function got when invoked.
The other thing worth nothing is the use of return this; at the end of both functions. This was deliberately included in order to provide the object with the ability to chain its functions. Since the function returns the object itself, then other functions from the prototype can be chained to it. Therefore we can have this:
bob = new Deferred(); bob.done(function(){ console.log("success"); }).fail(function(){ console.log("fail"); });
This chaining is similar to jQuery's. This capability is really useful which is why we should include it in this simplified version.
 All we're missing is the actually execution of our callbacks. We should include the execution of them in the resolve and reject functions. In this first example, I will only execute the first of each list of callbacks to illustrate one way it could be done:
var Deferred = function(){ this.status = "pending" } Deferred.prototype = { done: function(){ this.callbacks = arguments; return this; }, fail: function(){ this.failCallbacks = arguments; return this; }, resolve: function(){ this.status = "resolved" this.callbacks[0](); }, reject: function(){ this.status = "rejected" this.failCallbacks[0](); } }
This implementation should be enough for a simple example such as:
bob = new Deferred() bob.done(function(){ console.log("success"); }).fail(function(){ console.log("fail"); }); //After some time, some other code execution, or a server response bob.resolve()
The output of running bob.resolve() should be a "success" message being printed in the console. That is because the resolve method will change the bob Deferred object to "resolved" and execute the first callback function which is this case only contains console.log("success"). Notice I didn't return the object at the end of these functions because it didn't seem necessary or intuitive to chain a resolve or reject with any of the other functions.
A more complete implementation of Deferred will have a loop that runs each callback in the resolve and reject functions:
for(var i = 0; i < this.callbacks.length; i++) this.callbacks[i]();
Something along those lines should be enough. So our final, simple and minimal implementation should be something such as this:
var Deferred = function(){ this.status = "pending"; } Deferred.prototype = { done: function(){ this.callbacks = arguments; return this; }, fail: function(){ this.failCallbacks = arguments; return this; }, resolve: function(){ this.status = "resolved"; for(var i = 0; i < this.callbacks.length; i++) this.callbacks[i](); }, reject: function(){ this.status = "rejected"; for(var i = 0; i < this.failCallbacks.length; i++) this.failCallbacks[i](); } }
References
Here's a list of useful resources:


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AtomCheckBoxList is inherited from AtomListBox, but by default it allows multiple selection and automatically provides comma separated values as value property. You can control layout property by giving it a table layout, which accepts number of columns, cell width and cell height parameters. In addition, you can also control your layout by overriding atom-check-box-list css styles.
If you want to use single check box item, then you must use AtomCheckBox control, which allows single boolean value check.


flawless_state
FlawlessState is a shard that you can include in your objects to provide a simple state machine. It's written as a Struct in order to keep it as fast as possible.
Installation
Add this to your application's shard.yml
:
dependencies:
flawless_state:
github: jasonl99/flawless_state
Usage
require "flawless_state"
Create an instance property as follows:
property state = FlawlessState::State.new
The default out-of-the-box configuration provides five states. The format is simply: each state as a key has a value of states that can be transitioned into
{
:new => [:initialized, :ready, :complete],
:initialized => [:ready, :complete],
:ready => [:complete],
:complete => [] of Symbol,
:error => [] of Symbol
}
If you'd like to use your own states on your object's property, it can be overriden using property state = FlawlessState::State.new(my_states)
To transition between states, provide the new state:
class MyObject
def complete
state.transition_to :completed
end
end
If a state cannot transition to the new state, a FlawlessState::Exception is raised. You can force a state transition by uisng the force method:
class MyObject
def error
state.transition_to! :error
end
end
You can test if a state is terminal:
my_instantce.state.terminal?
Or get its current value
my_instance.state.current_state
Check to see if it's possible to transition
my_instance.state.transition? :completed
Development
The goal of FlawlessState is to remain as simple as possible, providing a simple but effective state machine. This is very early release, and I'm new to crystal, so I'm sure there'js lots to improve.
Contributing
- Fork it ( https://github.com/[your-github-name]/flawless_state/fork )
- Create your feature branch (git checkout -b my-new-feature)
- Commit your changes (git commit -am 'Add some feature')
- Push to the branch (git push origin my-new-feature)
- Create a new Pull Request
Contributors
- jasonl99 Jason Landry - creator, maintainer


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What is needed?
ASP.NET Core 2.1.4 or higer (included in Visual Studio 15.8.4)
https://www.microsoft.com/net/download/dotnet-core/2.1
Node 8.9 or higher, together with NPM 5.5.1 or higher
https://nodejs.org/en/download
Angular CLI: npm install -g @angular/cli on command line https://cli.angular.io
Documentation
https://angular.io/docs
Fast steps
-
Angular inside an ASP.NET app
-
Node, npm and package.json
-
Angular CLI
-
Typescript
-
Angular application structure
-
Main, polyfills, index.html
-
App Module
-
Components
-
HTML, css and implementation
-
Properties, binding
-
*ngFor, *ngIf
-
Events
-
Services


Unnathi-Women’s Forum organized Smt. Rukmini Memorial Lecture series on Women Empowerment 2019 .
National Student Film Festival ‘Li & Le’ was held at REVA University by The School Of Arts And Humanities
School Of Civil Engineering
Collaboration with IEEE PES Student Chapter, REVA University School of EEE
An initiative of REVA University, inaugurated the new batches of Business Analytics and Cybersecurity programs for the year 2019-20 on 9th March
School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
School of Civil Engineering
School of Mechanical Engineering
School of Mechanical Engineering
Events conducted by School of Applied Sciences
A 5 day event organized by the University in association with Dynamist Motorsports on March 1, 2019 in the campus.
School of ECE conducted the Parent Teachers Meeting for B.Tech (For All semester)
School Of Civil Engineering
REVA University ACM Student Chapter on 26th February, 2019 in Swami Vivekananda Block.
School of Computing and Information Technology organized Seminar on Data Science and Cloud Computing
School of Electronics and Communication Engineering The School of ECE had organized technical talk on “Engineering 5G Communication Systems” on 28th February
The School of ECE had organized FDP on “Bloom’s Taxonomy” on 2nd March 2019 between 2:00 pm to 4:00 pm in Aryabhatta Seminar hall, C V Raman Block.
Report on ESPRIMERE-Open MIC Organised by LITWITS- RUSOA Literary club
School of ECE organized SDP on Technical Paper Writing for 8th Semester students
BLOOD DONATION CAMP Organized by School of C&IT in association with BANGALORE BLOOD BANK
the school of CIT students participated in chess competition inter school Tournament held toda
School of computing and information technology organised a seminar on Data science and cloud computing.
1.Industrial visit to Rittal India Pvt. Ltd..Doddaballapur, Bengaluru.
2.Student Development Programme
1.Two days Workshop on “Server Side Scripting and Web Apps Development using Frameworks”
2.Guest Lecture on “Importance of Cyber Security”
GO GREEN CAMPAIGN Organized by School of COMPUTING & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
REVA University was represented by selected students from School of Management Studies in the B-Plan competiton.


npm install -g gulp-cli bower
git clone https://github.com/ekarudianto/NG-write.git
npm install && bower install
http://localhost:9010
gulp server
Below are several main tasks that this project has :
default
build
gulp task.server
gulp-connect
, serving the app folder.server:dist
gulp-connect
, serving the distribution folder.build
test:unit
Karma
.test:end
Protractor
.NG-write using Karma for unit testing, and Protractor for end 2 end testing. Since NG-write is using protractor version 3, only nodejs v4 or newer version that only supporting protractor, be sure to installed the correct version.
All of the testcases file are included on test
folder on the root directory
This starter template project is done using several tools and frameworks such as :
.
+-- app
| +-- scripts
| +-- controllers
| +-- controllers.js //collections of controller are registered here
| +-- home-controller.js
| +-- how-to-use-controller.js
| +-- directives
| +-- directives.js //collections of directive are registered here
| +-- version-directive.js
| +-- filters
| +-- filters.js //collections of filter are registered here
| +-- reverse-filter.js
| +-- services
| +-- services.js //collections of service are registered here
| +-- creator-service.js
| +-- app.bootstrap.js //application bootstrap module
| +-- app.config.js //application configuration constants
| +-- app.js // initialization of application
| +-- app.routes.js //application routes
| +-- app.run.js //application run method
| +-- index.js //application index
| +-- styles
| +-- _custom.scss //custom styling
| +-- _mixins.scss //collections of mixin for styling
| +-- style.scss //index styling
| +-- vendors
| +-- views
| +-- home.jade
| +-- how.jade
| +-- index.jade
|___+-- layout.jade


Lower Case
this is a lower case example.
Sentence Case
This is a sentence case example. Best shown with multiple sentences.
Capital Case
This Is A Capitalized Case Example.
0
characters (including spaces)
0
words (estimate)
0
sentences (estimate)
Copy to Clipboard
Clear


{% extends 'layouts/base.html'%} {% load staticfiles %} {% load i18n %} {% block content %}
Announcements: RollerTron
These announcements focus on RollerTron (Challenges & Trainings registration) Please go to the RollerCon main site for general info.


| 003:161 Khan | : |
It is not for any Prophet to take illegally a part of booty (Ghulul), and whosoever deceives his companions as regards the booty, he shall bring forth on the Day of Resurrection that which he took (illegally). Then every person shall be paid in full what he has earned, - and they shall not be dealt with unjustly. |
| 003:161 Maulana | : |
And it is not for a prophet to act dishonestly. And whoever acts dishonestly will bring his dishonesty on the day of Resurrection. Then shall every soul be paid back fully what it has earned, and they will not be wronged. |
| 003:161 Pickthal | : |
It is not for any prophet to embezzle. Whoso embezzleth will bring what he embezzled with him on the Day of Resurrection. Then every soul will be paid in full what it hath earned; and they will not be wronged. |
| 003:161 Rashad | : |
Even the prophet cannot take more of the spoils of war than he is entitled to. Anyone who takes more than his rightful share will have to account for it on the Day of Resurrection. That is when each soul is paid for whatever it earned, without the least injustice. |
| 003:161 Sarwar | : |
No Prophet can ever be treacherous. A treacherous person will be brought before God on the Day of Judgment with his treacherous deeds. Then every soul will be recompensed for its works without being wronged. |
| 003:161 Shakir | : |
And it is not attributable to a prophet that he should act unfaithfully; and he who acts unfaithfully shall bring that in respect of which he has acted unfaithfully on the day of resurrection; then shall every soul be paid back fully what it has earned, and they shall not be dealt with unjustly. |
| 003:161 Sherali | : |
And it is not possible for a Prophet to act dishonestly, and whosoever acts dishonestly shall bring with him that, concerning which he has been dishonest, on the Day of Resurrection. Then every soul shall be fully paid what it has earned; and they shall not be wronged. |
| 003:161 Yusufali | : |
No prophet could (ever) be false to his trust. If any person is so false, He shall, on the Day of Judgment, restore what he misappropriated; then shall every soul receive its due,- whatever it earned,- and none shall be dealt with unjustly. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > توحيد الله تعالي > تنزيه الله تعالى عن الظلم Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Oneness of Allah> Allah the Exalted is Free of Injustice الإيمان > الأنبياء والرسل > نفي الغلول عنهم Faith> The Prophets and the Messengers of Allah> To Disclaim Malice about them الإيمان > الغيب > الغيب النفسي > النفس Faith> The Unseen World> The Psychological Secret> The Self الجهاد > الغزوات > غزوة أحد Jihad> The Holy Battles> Uhud Battle الإنسان والعلاقات الأخلاقية > الأخلاق الذميمة > الخيانة Man and The Moral Relations>The Dispraised Morals>Betrayal الإنسان والعلاقات الأخلاقية > الأخلاق الذميمة > الغل Man and The Moral Relations>The Dispraised Morals>Malice
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


 Thus Allah leaves astray him who is a Musrif (a polytheist, oppressor, a criminal, sinner who commit great sins) and a Murtab (one who doubts Allah's Warning and His Oneness). |
| 040:034 Maulana | : |
And Joseph indeed came to you before with clear arguments, but you ever remained in doubt as to what he brought you; until, when he died, you said: Allah will never raise a messenger after him. Thus does Allah leave him in error who is a prodigal, a doubter -- |
| 040:034 Pickthal | : |
And verily Joseph brought you of old clear proofs, yet ye ceased not to be in doubt concerning what he brought you till, when he died, ye said: Allah will not send any messenger after him. Thus Allah deceiveth him who is a prodigal, a doubter. |
| 040:034 Rashad | : |
Joseph had come to you before that with clear revelations, but you continued to doubt his message. Then, when he died you said, "GOD will not send any other messenger after him. (He was the last messenger)!" GOD thus sends astray those who are transgressors, doubtful. |
| 040:034 Sarwar | : |
Joseph came to you before with illustrious evidence but you still have doubts about what he brought. When he passed away, you said, "God will never send any Messenger after him." Thus does God causes to go astray the skeptical transgressing people, |
| 040:034 Shakir | : |
And certainly Yusuf came to you before with clear arguments, but you ever remained in doubt as to what he brought; until when he died, you said: Allah will never raise a messenger after him. Thus does Allah cause him to err who is extravagant, a doubter |
| 040:034 Sherali | : |
And Joseph, indeed, came to you before with clear proofs, but you ceased not to be in doubt concerning that which he came to you till, when he died, you said, 'ALLAH will never raise a Messenger after him.' Thus does ALLAH adjudge as having gone astray every transgressor, doubter - |
| 040:034 Yusufali | : |
"And to you there came Joseph in times gone by, with Clear Signs, but ye ceased not to doubt of the (Mission) for which he had come: At length, when he died, ye said: 'No messenger will Allah send after him.' thus doth Allah leave to stray such as transgress and live in doubt,- |
Concepts/Themes Covered: الإنسان والعلاقات الأخلاقية > الأخلاق الذميمة > الإسراف Man and The Moral Relations>The Dispraised Morals>Extravagance
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


Probability Concepts¶
Probability is the discipline of mathematics designed to deal with random pheonomena.
Note
EXERCISE
Think of an example of a random phenomenon.
Talk with somebody next to you about whether it’s possible to predict a random phenomenon?
Sets¶
Sample space¶
A set containing the range of all possible outcomes or events, also called the sample space.
- Coin flips, die rolls, cards in deck
- Cookies, jelly beans, teachers, meetups
- Heights, weights, volumes, temperatures, distances
- Number of cups of coffee consumed before before 10 am
- Number of beers...
Note
EXERCISE
Talk with someone next to you about possible sample spaces for the above examples
Set Operations¶
Union: \(A \cup B = \{x: x \in A \vee x\in B\}\)
It is the event that either \(A\) or \(B\) or both occurs.
Intersection: \(A \cap B = \{x: x \in A \wedge x\in B\}\)
It is the event that both \(A\) and \(B\) simultaneously.
Difference: \(A \setminus B = \{x: x \in A \wedge x \notin B\}\)
Complement: \(A^C = \{x: x\notin A\}\)
The null (empty) set: \(\emptyset\)
DeMorgan’s Law’s¶
De Morgan’s laws says:
- The complement of the union of two sets is the same as the intersection of their complements
- The complement of the intersection of two sets is the same as the union of their complements
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Morgan’s_laws
\(\neg (A \vee B) \iff \neg A \wedge \neg B\)
\(\neg (A \wedge B) \iff \neg A \vee \neg B\)
The \(\vee\) and \(\wedge\) refers to the logical or and the logical and. Also \(\neg\) is the negation logic operator (NOT)
Another useful notation is \(\mathbf{card}(A)\) which is the cardinality or number of elements in A
Note
EXERCISE
Copy the following 3 lines into a python interpreter, ipython session or script.
>>> a = set(["A","B","C","D"])
>>> b = set(["C","D","E","F"])
>>> sample_space = set(["A","B","C","D","E","F","G"])
This is how you perform set operations in Python
>>> a.intersection(b)
set(['C', 'D'])
>>> a.difference(b)
set(['A', 'B'])
>>> a.union(b))
set(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'])
>>> complement_a = sample_space.difference(a)
Can you show that De Morgan’s laws work in Python?
Random variables¶
Random variables map events from our sample space into real numbers.
- The set for a random variable occurs in real space
\(X(s) : S\Rightarrow \Re\)
Capital letters refer to random variables.
- Lowercase to refer to specific realization.
\(P(X=x) = P(\{s\in S : X(s) = x\})\)
\(X \sim XYZ(\alpha, \beta, ...)\) means X is distributed as, XYZ with parameters.
“i.i.d.”
We denote the probability of X as P(X)
Note
QUESTION
Does a random variable have a “value” like a variable in python, or an algebraic expression?
Random variables (Khan academy)
Putting it together¶
Lets see how well we can put these concepts together by doing some exercises using the concepts we’ve learned. This exercise also introduce the idea of mutual exclusivity. If outcomes A and B cannot happen at the same time then \(P (A \cap B) = P (A) + P (B)\).
Note
EXERCISE
Lets use cholesterol ranges as an example. Given that,
\(A\) and \(B\) are mutually exclusive, but \(A\) and \(C\) are not.
- Discuss what it means to be mutually exclusive
- What is the union of sets \(A\) and \(C\)? \((A \cup B)\) = ?
- If \(P(A) = 0.2\), and \(P(B) = 0.1\) then \(P(chol \geq 250)\) = ?
- If \(P(A) = .3\) and \(P(C)=.2\) then what would you need to know to calculate \(P(chol \leq 299)\)?
Further study¶
If you want to learn more about working with sets in Python
https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/set
If you want more about sets and set operations in general then check out the Khan academy video series on sets


#{stopsHome.managed ?


Virgil E3Kit SDK + Webpack usage example
If all goes well, you should see messages printed below in a moment...


Design Choices
Table 1 describes the current design limits within the OpenFAM reference implementation. Since the maximum FAM size in the reference implementation is bound by the amount of memory available at the memory server, these parameters should not pose undue limitations on memory size, while enabling developers to build reasonable sized applications using the reference implementation.| Item | Limit |
|---|---|
| Maximum FAM size | 128 TB |
| Minimum region size | 8 GB |
| Maximum region size | 1 TB |
| Maximum number of regions | 16 K regions |
| Minimum data Item size | 128 bytes |
| Maximum data Item size | 512 GB |
| Maximum number of data items within a region | ~8 B data Items |
| Item | Limit |
|---|---|
| Region Id | 14 bits |
| Data Item Id | 33 bits |
| Permission | 1 bit (0 = R | 1 = RW) |
| Total key length | 48 bits |
| Reserved for future use | 16 bits |
| API | Memory Server | Shared Memory | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| fam_map | NO | YES | Libfabric currently does not support mmap APIs |
| fam_unmap | NO | YES | Libfabric currently does not support mmap APIs |
| fam_fence | YES (only with sockets provider) | NO | Fence operation is not supported by PSM2 libfabric provider. Support for other providers and Shared Memory model will be added in future |


Create new X.509 certificate
Hashing algorithm: SHA-1 SHA-256 SHA-384 SHA-512
Signature algorithm: RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 RSA-PSS ECDSA
Parse loaded/created X.509 certificate
Select binary X.509 cert file:
Issuer:
Subject:
Serial number:
Issuance date:
Expiration date:
Public key size (bits):
Signature algorithm:
Extensions:
Verify loaded/created X.509 certificate
Load "CA bundle":
OR
Select trusted certs (binary):
Load intermediate certificates (binary):
Load CRLs (binary):


The same as sethc, just with a different utility. Utilman runs as SYSTEM, so if the application is replaced with cmd.exe, easy shell. Trigger is WIN + U
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\utilman.exe" /t REG_SZ /v Debugger /d “C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe” /f


Your donation will support our engagement with communities, product development, and infrastructure costs. Donations above $1,000 are acknowledged on our funders page, unless donors wishes to remain anonymous. If you are in South Africa, you can donate via a transfer to the bank account listed below. If abroad, we have been having technical difficulties with automated payment systems, so please email us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Thank you!
Bank: FNB
Account: Grassroot Nation NPC
Account:<PHONE_NUMBER>6
Branch: 251905
All of our tools are built as open source code (licensed under BSD 3.0). Development is active and we will welcome any contributions. Please feel free to raise an issue or pull request.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load i18n %} {% block style %} {% endblock %} {% block lead %}
{% trans "Please enter your old password, for security's sake, and then enter your new password twice so we can verify you typed it in correctly." %}