This is a compiled account of a series of Ayahuasca Experiments that i conducted in the late summer/fall of 2005.
I tried following preparations:
* Anedananthera Colubrina (non-Cebil): 4-8 seeds, roasted and crushed with limestone, nasal - some effect, but not very enjoyable. Later learned that that's because the principial substance is bufotenine.
All other experiments were done with A. Peregrina as a DMT source.
* A. Peregrina (Yopo): 4-6 seeds, roasted and crushed with limestone, nasal - very noticeable hallucinogenic effect, kicks in after a few minutes - this amount of substance is very harsh though. And then there comes the nausea.
* same, with Peganum Harmala: ~3g peg. harmala, 4+ seeds Yopo, Yopo roasted, both ground, packed in capsules and taken in time intervals (Ayahuasca Analogue). Best form of preparation so far, still very sickening though. Sometimes experimented with 'Dimenhydrinate' pills to counter the sickness.
* same, cooked as a brew, taken in intervals: extremely vile. Taste = Shit. Vomit Taste = Shit. Do not try this!
I worked out the following order and timing of substances:
T0 harmala intake
(T+1.5h motion sickness drug)
T+2h first dose of DMT
T+(2+2k)h redosing DMT
I found no meaningful way to prevent vomiting. It appears unavoidable for me. So, no food on that day, then it's at least not as much.
About the motion sickness pills ('Dimenhydrinate' - i think thats 'Dramamine') - They might help some, but either I've taken too few or they don't work wonders. Sad. I dont want to go tripping balls on these either ^^.
So I've done this a few times during the course of a few months. Trip-wise, I experienced Harmala as being very gentle and subtle first, then very open and clear in the higher levels.
The vomit is ritual too. I know I'll vomit, and it still catches me off guard. I barely have time to lean over the bowl, and then it's nearly gone again in a second. Must be a reason why it's called 'la purga'.
Redosing like this, every 2h or somesuch, vomiting about every 3h, I've been able to crank myself up to the one or other serious trip. It's very hard to comply though, after like the 3nd dose I think 'oh no not again'. But I certainly think it's worth the experience.
It is similar to the mushrooms, but not as emotional and chaotic.
And its more of an ongoing thing, a whole day tripping. After like 12 hours of trip, I'm happy and delighted, but endlessly tired. And yet restless and tensed.
I've done this a few times, and i really tuned in to it (meaning I had some kind of secret second life going on, all about my trips and what I could learn) and there is a lot of power to wield. I had the chance to look at my life, and some of the impressions I was having in that Ritual time were quite true. I somehow got my life in order now.
Do NOT cook Harmala to make a brew of it. Under no circumstances. The taste is beyond words.
I think i will go back there and do it again.  I should try to do something meaningful next time, like drawing or writing.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


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{% extends "article.html" %} {% block article %}
A little over a year ago, the three Lightning Network implementation teams joined forces to work on a common specification for the protocol stack. Now that both that specification and our three implementations are becoming stable and usable, it is time to look forward: to further improve the protocol, to add new features, to simplify, and to fix downsides.
One of the core innovations that enabled Lightning in the first place was an off-chain update mechanism to renegotiate a new state and ensure that the old state can not be settled on-chain. Today, we’re excited to release our latest research paper on a new, simplified, update mechanism for layer 2 protocols, called eltoo.
We can imagine off-chain negotiation as a contractual agreement between a number of parties and settlement as presenting the case to a court that will decide the final state — the court in this case being the blockchain. Since all updates happen off-chain, we need a way for the on-chain court to hear all sides of the argument before making a final judgement. In the case of a participant initiating settlement of the contract, we need a mechanism that defers final settlement, to give the counterparty a chance to provide a more recent state. The court must continue to wait for new state, until eventually it decides to settle the last one it heard. Surprisingly most of the requirements to create this blockchain tailor-made for layer 2 protocols are already fulfilled by the Bitcoin blockchain.
Figure 1: An example execution of the eltoo protocol, showing how intermediate states can be skipped by rebinding a later update transaction to an earlier one, or directly to the setup transaction. Only the last settlement transaction can ever be confirmed on the blockchain.
In eltoo every state is represented as a set of two transactions: an update transaction that spends the contract’s output and creates a new output, and a settlement transaction that spends the newly created update output and splits the funds according to the agreed-upon distribution. The outputs have a script that allows a new update transaction to be attached immediately or else a settlement transaction to be attached after a configurable timeout. Should the participants agree on an update before the timeout expires, they will create a new update transaction, spending the previous output and doublespending the corresponding settlement, effectively invalidating it.
The repeated invalidation of prior state to agree on a new state builds a long chain of update transactions that will eventually be terminated by the latest settlement transaction. However, this has a major disadvantage: should we want to settle, we would have to replay the entire chain of updates on the blockchain. At that point we could have simply performed the entire protocol on-chain. The key insight in eltoo is that we can skip intermediate updates, basically connecting the final update transaction to the contract creation. In order to enable this short-circuiting of updates, we propose a new SIGHASH flag, SIGHASH_NOINPUT, which allows a transaction input to be bound to any transaction output with a matching script. Since all output scripts of prior update-transaction outputs match later input scripts, we can bind a later update to any prior update, allowing us to skip any number of intermediate updates. The paper contains the full construction of the protocol, including the details on how the scripts are built.
What we presented above is an update mechanism that allows the endpoints of a payment channel to repeatedly adjust their balances and to attach more advanced constructs such as HTLCs to the state.
The main contribution of the original Lightning paper was one such update mechanism, so are we trying to replace Lightning with this proposal? Absolutely not!
Figure 2: A diagram of the various sub-protocols that are part of the Lightning Stack.
The Lightning Network specification is no longer the specification of a single protocol, but rather a full stack of protocols, each fulfilling its own responsibilities. eltoo doesn’t aim to replace the entirety of the Lightning stack; rather it is a drop-in replacement for the original update mechanism that maintains backward compatibility with the other parts of the stack.
eltoo has fundamentally different tradeoffs than the mechanism presented in the original Lightning paper, which we’ll call LN-penalty; while LN-penalty used a penalty system to punish a misbehaving party, eltoo simply enforces the latest agreed-upon state of the off-chain contract. This has important implications for the applicability and safety of the protocols that are built on top of the update mechanism.
Some of this arises from the fact that in eltoo all participants share a common set of transactions, unlike LN-penalty, which requires asymmetry in which participant has access to which transactions, in order to tailor the reaction to the misbehaving party. This change eliminates what we call toxic information in Lightning. Toxic information comes from transactions belonging to outdated states, which if leaked will result in the loss of funds. This happens not only if a party misbehaves, but also if a node forgets about an update (e.g., when being restored from a backup). With eltoo this is no longer possible because only agreed-upon states can be settled (i.e., eltoo is penalty-less).
The data management for the participants is also simplified under the new paradigm: they no longer need to store hash preimages for invalidated states, and they no longer need to store HTLCs that were invalidated, since the settlement transaction to which they were attached can never be committed to the blockchain. All they need to store is the latest update transaction, its corresponding settlement transaction, and potentially the HTLCs that spend from that settlement. Furthermore the settlement is simplified to just binding the latest update transaction to the setup output and letting the timeout expire before broadcasting the settlement transaction.
We can combine the update outputs with SIGHASH_SINGLE to allow the attachment of additional inputs and outputs to the update transaction at the time of settlement. While this might seem like a minor change, it allows the attachment of fees to the update transactions at the time of settlement, freeing us from having to commit to a fixed fee ahead of time. In the current implementations, we would have to agree on, and commit to, a fixed fee potentially months before we attempt to confirm the transactions on-chain, forcing us to predict how the fee-market will evolve; this can result in massive overcommitment, to be on the safe side. With deferred fee selection we no longer have to agree on a fee, and we can even bump fees should they turn out to be insufficient.
Thanks to the use of feature flags, which allow a node to signal support for a new feature when first connecting to a peer, eltoo can be deployed incrementally on top of today’s network. There is no need to spin up a completely new network.
As a generic Layer 2 update mechanism, eltoo can be used for any number of systems beyond Lightning. For example, it allows for the creation of multiparty off-chain contracts that currently could have up to seven participants, and that could have any number of participants in combination with Schnorr signatures.
One such multiparty off-chain contract is the channel factories presented by Burchert et al. as a scalable way to fund any number of payment channels on top of a single on-chain transaction and to rebalance or reallocate them dynamically without ever touching the blockchain.
Before we can implement eltoo, we need a minor change to Bitcoin: the introduction of the SIGHASH_NOINPUT flag for signatures. This was first discussed a few months ago in the context of watchtowers to help secure Lightning channels, but was not formally proposed. A formal proposal may now be found in the eltoo paper.
We invite the community to consider our proposal and to participate in its discussion. We hope to arrive at a consensus for the usage of SIGHASH_NOINPUT, so that it can be accepted and included in a future soft fork of Bitcoin Script. Doing so will put us on the road to a more reliable and simpler Lightning Network, incorporating a new update mechanism that can also be used for many other applications.
Source {% endblock %}


[t]Network - customer details[/t]
{$menu}
[t]You can upload your company logo and a screenshot of your website below. Without both of them your link is not going to be included in our network directory.[/t]
{if $use_customizable_network}
[t]You can open your profile by clicking[/t]
[t]here[/t]
[tg]Customer type[/tg]:
{$ct.type}
{/if}
[tg]Screenshot[/tg]:
[tg]Logo[/tg]:
[t]Next, please enter a short description, a detailed description and -if applicable- a reference about our website or services in the fields below.[/t]
[tg]Description[/tg]:
{$r.portfolio_text}
{if $r.network_text}
[tb]Network Text[/tb]:
{$r.network_text}
{/if}
[tg]Reference[/tg]:
{$r.reference}
{if $NPImg || $NLImg}
{if $NPImg}
[t]Screenshot[/t]
{$NPImg} {if $NPImg && $NLImg}
[t]Use Screenshot[/t]
{/if}
{/if}
{if $NLImg}
[t]Logo[/t]
{$NLImg} {if $NPImg && $NLImg}
[t]Use Logo[/t]
{/if}
{/if}
{/if}
[t]Wiqet[/t]
---
{$b.name}
{$wiqet}
[t]Did you fill out the form correctly? Did you upload both images? Please press "Save" when you are done.[/t]


03. Bifurcations¶
Contents¶
- 03.00. Introduction
- 03.01. Saddle-Node Bifurcation
- 03.02. Transcritical Bifurcation
- 03.03. Laser Threshold
- 03.04. Pitchfork Bifurcation
- 03.05. Overdamped Bead on a Rotating Hoop
03.00. Introduciton¶
birfurcation
03.01. Saddle-Node Bifurcation¶
03.01.01. Graphical Conventions¶
bifurcation diagram
<IP_ADDRESS>. Terminology¶
fold bifurcation (aka, tuning-point bifurcation, blue sky bifurcation)
[Abraham, Shaw (1988)][1988_Shaw_Abraham]
Example 03.01.01.¶
linear stability analysis of fixed point:
Solution
Example 03.01.02.¶
Solution:
derivative:
and
,
03.01.02. Normal Forms¶
Taylor expansion
bifurcation at , Taylor's expansion
(⇐ is fixed point),
where ,
normal forms
Guckenheimier, Holmes (1983), Wiggins (1990)
03.02. Transcritical Bifurcation¶
transcritical bifurcation
Example 03.02.01.¶
show the first-order system
Solution:
Example 03.02.02.¶
analyze
near
Solution:
and
(Guckenheimer and Holmes (1983), Wiggins (1990), Manneville (1990))
03.03. Laser Threshold¶
03.03.01. Physical Background¶
solid-state laser
03.03.02. Model¶
: num of photons
simulated emission
- : num of excited atoms
- : gain coef
- : rate constant;
- : lifetime of photon in laser
- : rate at which atoms drop back to graund state
Substitute:
03.04. Pitchfork Bifurcation¶
Pitchfork bifurcation
symmetry
03.04.01. Supercritical Pitchfork Bifurcation¶
Example 03.04.01.¶
Example 03.04.02.¶
Plot potential for the system
Solution
03.04.02. Subcritical Pitchfork Bifurcation¶
03.04.03. Terminology¶
- Supercritial pitchfork
- aka, Forward bifurcation
- soft/safe
- Subcritical pitchfork
- aka, Backward bifurcation
- hard/dangerous
03.05. Overdamped Bead on a Rotating Hoop¶
Let
- : angle ()
03.05.01. Analysis of the First-Order System¶
where ,
additional fixed points, if
introduce param ,
solve
03.05.02. Dimensional Analysis and Scaling¶
when valid to neglect the inertia term ?
dimensionless form (C.C. Lin and L.A. Segel (1988))
dimentionless time
,
Characteristic time scale
substitute for
(3)
needed
dumping is strong; mass is small
(3) becomes


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Hello [[${#httpServletRequest.remoteUser}]]!
If you can see this...you are an employee!


Goals
- Store and load arbitrary Python objects
- in centralized JSON store (MongoDB)
Inspired by ZODB
Heavily leverages jsonpickle
So what?
HTTP Session objects
downstream models
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This line deletes the single USENET message identified by the Message-ID indicated in the first and only input field.
The Message-ID must be entered complete with all its parts, including the at ('@'), the start ('<') and end ('>') characters;
wildmats are not allowed.
Example: with first field set to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>this line deletes the message identified by
Message-ID<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Range
This option deletes all messages sent to the newsgroup indicated by the first input field and still kept on the server that have a
progressive serial number between the minimum value indicated by the second input field and the maximum indicated
by the third. Numbers must be entered in decimal integer format and must be positive. Warning: all messages with a serial number between the minimum (second input field) and the maximum (third field) are
deleted without exception.
Example: with first field set to local.test, second set to 1 and third to 999, this command cancels all messages sent to the newsgroup
'local.test' that have got a serial number between 1 and 999.
Thread
This command deletes the USENET message identified by the Message-ID indicated in the first and only input field as well as all
the messages that reply to it. In other words, it deletes the message identified by the message-id entered in the input field
and all the messages that contain it within the argument of header References. Warning: in the case of very long threads, some newsreader insert only the last three or four Message-IDs into the value
of the References header, therefore not all the messages belonging to a thread could be deleted using this command because in some
of them the Message-ID of the post that originated the thread may not be indicated.
Example: if<EMAIL_ADDRESS>is inserted in the first and only input field, the USENET message identified by<EMAIL_ADDRESS>as Message-ID is deleted as well as all posts that includes<EMAIL_ADDRESS>inside the argument of References header
Sender
This command deletes all messages posted by the same sender that sent the message identified by the Message-ID indicated in the
input field. Warning: this command deletes only the messages sent on the same group of the message whose message-id is inserted in the
input field and only if the content of the From header is perfectly equal.
Example: if<EMAIL_ADDRESS>is inserted into the only input field, all messages sent to it.discussioni.auto by
'Hugo Stiglitz<EMAIL_ADDRESS>will be cancelled because that message was sent to this group by this
author.
Header
Inside the group set by the first input box, all messages whose header identified by the second field matches the value
shown by the third field are deleted.
Example: local.test (first field), User-Agent (second field), Pan (third field) will cancel all messages inside
local.test whose User-Agent header matches "Pan". Warning: third field, header value, is case sensitive so Pan doesn't match pan
Body
Delete all messages sent to the group shown by the first field that match the regular expression inserted in the second
field. Pattern is case insensitive. Warning: this operation is expansive in terms of CPU time if the messages in the group are more than a few thousands


This class implements a high precision clock.
More...
#include <CPrecisionClock.h>
cPrecisionClock implements a high-precision clock. All measurements are computed in seconds unless otherwise-specified.
cPrecisionClock behaves just like a real chronograph: It can be started, stopped and restarted at a later time. When a clock is running (ON), time is accumulated until the next stop event (OFF). The value of a clock can be read by calling method getCurrentTimeSeconds(). When a clock is disabled (OFF), time is no longer accumulated.
§ cPrecisionClock()
| chai3d::cPrecisionClock::cPrecisionClock |
( |
| ) |
|
§ ~cPrecisionClock()
| virtual chai3d::cPrecisionClock::~cPrecisionClock |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inlinevirtual |
§ reset()
| void chai3d::cPrecisionClock::reset |
( |
const double |
a_currentTime = 0.0 | ) |
|
This method resets clock with an initial time value in seconds. (Default value is 0 seconds).
- Parameters
-
| a_currentTime | Time in seconds to initialize clock. |
§ start()
| double chai3d::cPrecisionClock::start |
( |
bool |
a_resetClock = false | ) |
|
This method starts or restarts the clock. To read the clock time, call method getCurrentTimeSeconds().
- Parameters
-
| a_resetClock | If true clock is initialized, otherwise resume counting. |
- Returns
- Current clock time in seconds.
§ stop()
| double chai3d::cPrecisionClock::stop |
( |
| ) |
|
This method stops the clock and returns elapsed time. To resume counting call method start().
- Returns
- Time in seconds.
§ on()
| bool chai3d::cPrecisionClock::on |
( |
| ) |
const |
|
inline |
§ getCurrentTimeSeconds()
| double chai3d::cPrecisionClock::getCurrentTimeSeconds |
( |
| ) |
const |
This method returns the current time of clock in seconds.
- Returns
- Current time in seconds.
§ setTimeoutPeriodSeconds()
| void chai3d::cPrecisionClock::setTimeoutPeriodSeconds |
( |
const double |
a_timeoutPeriod | ) |
|
This method sets the period in seconds before timeout occurs. Do not forget to enable the timer ON by calling method start(). Monitoring for timeout is performed by calling timeoutOccurred().
- Parameters
-
| a_timeoutPeriod | Timeout period in seconds. |
§ getTimeoutPeriodSeconds()
| double chai3d::cPrecisionClock::getTimeoutPeriodSeconds |
( |
| ) |
const |
|
inline |
§ timeoutOccurred()
| bool chai3d::cPrecisionClock::timeoutOccurred |
( |
| ) |
const |
This method check if the clock has expired its timeout period.
- Returns
- true if timeout occurred, otherwise false.
§ highResolution()
| bool chai3d::cPrecisionClock::highResolution |
( |
| ) |
const |
|
inline |
§ getCPUTimeSeconds()
| double chai3d::cPrecisionClock::getCPUTimeSeconds |
( |
| ) |
|
|
static |
This method returns the raw CPU time in seconds.
- Returns
- Raw CPU clock time in seconds.
§ initialize()
| void chai3d::cPrecisionClock::initialize |
( |
| ) |
|
|
staticprotected |
§ m_freq
| LARGE_INTEGER chai3d::cPrecisionClock::m_freq |
|
staticprotected |
§ m_highres
| bool chai3d::cPrecisionClock::m_highres = false |
|
staticprotected |
§ m_initialized
| bool chai3d::cPrecisionClock::m_initialized = false |
|
staticprotected |
§ m_timeAccumulated
| double chai3d::cPrecisionClock::m_timeAccumulated |
|
protected |
§ m_timeStart
| double chai3d::cPrecisionClock::m_timeStart |
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protected |
§ m_timeoutPeriod
| double chai3d::cPrecisionClock::m_timeoutPeriod |
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protected |
§ m_timeoutStart
| double chai3d::cPrecisionClock::m_timeoutStart |
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protected |
§ m_on
| bool chai3d::cPrecisionClock::m_on |
|
protected |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:


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These examples show how to build and run several versions of MPI on the Power nodes. To build/run these examples:
A script that sets up the environment and then does a make
Makefile for the examples.
/************************************************************ * This is a glorified hello world program. Each processor * prints name, rank, and other information as described below. * ************************************************************/ phostone arguments: -h : Print this help message no arguments : Print a list of the nodes on which the command is run. -f or -1 : Same as no argument but print MPI task id and Thread id If run with OpenMP threading enabled OMP_NUM_THREADS > 1 there will be a line per MPI task and Thread. -F or -2 : Add columns to tell first MPI task on a node and and the numbering of tasks on a node. (Hint: pipe this output in to sort -r -a : Print a listing of the environmental variables passed to MPI task. (Hint: use the -l option with SLURM to prepend MPI task #.)
A script for running the examples.


This document is intended to act as a guide for developers of TelephonyProvider implementations. As such, it briefly introduces the architecture of the Generic JTAPI system and defines the major components of the TPI implementation and what they must support.
The Generic JTAPI framework is a JTAPI implementation that allows for telephony board and VOIP implementations to be plugged-in at a lower level through the implementation of a relatively simple (as compared to JTAPI) "Service Provider Interface", known here as the Telephony Provider Interface (TPI). In this regard it shares some architectural similarities with TAPI.
Overview
Table of Contents
Version
Background
Goals
Architecture
API Categorization
TelephonyProvider Categorization
Implementation Matrix
Object Mapping
Components
Initialization
Capabilities
Basic Call Control
Exceptions
Events
Media
Fax
Summary
Version Author Date Comment 0.1Richard Deadman March 17, 2000 Initial Draft 0.2Richard Deadman March 17, 2000 Added Event Control Discussion 0.3Richard Deadman April 14, 2000 New Initialization options, Media Framework, Fax 0.4Richard Deadman May 5, 2000 New TelephonyListener interface, changed signal detector return value, simplified listener management, Telephony provider capabilities support. 0.5Richard Deadman May 16, 2000 Some media comments to reflect extra requirements in order to support properly 1.2 deprecated media. 0.6Richard Deadman June 16, 2000 Updated to new TelephonyProvider and TPI naming. 0.8Richard Deadman June 27, 2000 Added support for weak synchronization and call state querying.
The Generic JTAPI framework is a JTAPI implementation that acts to reduce the amount of work required for JTAPI support to be given to telephony systems (boards, PBXes and IP telephony). As such, it consists of two major pieces:
- A generic JTAPI layer
- Vendor or protocol-specific low-level adapter layers
The architecture may be viewed as:
where the blue lines represent a common interface between system modules. With such an architecture, complex object modelling and event handling that not dependent on vendors or protocols
The goals of the TPI are fairly simple:
- Provide an interface that is an order-of-magnitude easier to implement that a full-blown JTAPI implementation.
- Support a key sub-set of JTAPI functionality:
- Core
- Call Control -- hold, conference, transfer, drop
- Media
- Decouple the SPI implementation from the Generic JTAPI layer. Interactions between the two should occur on as thin and interior-object-free of an interface as possible.
- Allow for TPI implementations to be plugged into the framework on the fly
- Allow for proxy bridges to be optionally injected between the JTAPI layer and the SPI implementor. One example might be to insert a remote TPI proxy that allows an TPI to transparently exist on a remote machine.
- To move all complexity out of the TPI implementor's domain. For instance, proper event queuing and dispatching should be handled by the framework; the TPI implementation should not have to worry that sending an event to the framework may block or take excessive time.
API Categorization
The TPI consists of 18 classes and interfaces, only one of which must be implemented by the TPI creator. These can be broken down into the following groups:
| Package | Class | Type | Group | Comment | Use/Implement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| com.uforce.jtapi.generic | TelephonyProvider | Interface | Core - These are the interfaces that the TPI implementor is required to implement | Main Interface to implement | Implement |
| CallId | Interface | Core | Marker interface to provide call identity. | Implement | |
| RawSigDetectEvent | Class | Media Events | These encapsulate complex return values needed by the signal detector retreiveSignals method. | Use | |
| RawStateException | Class | Exception | This is an exception object that can be morphed in the framework into one pointing at appropriate framework classes. | Use | |
| TelephonyListener | Interface | Callback | This is a callback object that registers for events | Use | |
| CallData | Class | Data Wrapper | This is a composite object that allows the return of call data. | Use | |
| ConnectionData | Class | Data Wrapper | This is a composite object that allows the return of connection data. | Use | |
| TCData | Class | Data Wrapper | This is a composite object that allows the return of terminal connection data. | Use | |
| TermData | Class | Data Wrapper | This is a composite object that allows the return of terminal data. | Use | |
| com.uforce.jtapi.generic.media | GenericMediaEvent | Class | Media Events | The following six are needed in order to allow a MediaResourceException to be thrown from various synchronous Media methods. | Abstract parent |
| GenericResourceEvent | Class | Media Events | See GenericMediaEvent | Abstract parent | |
| GenericPlayerEvent | Class | Media Events | See GenericMediaEvent | Use | |
| GenericRecorderEvent | Class | Media Events | See GenericMediaEvent | Use | |
| GenericSignalDetectorEvent | Class | Media Events | See GenericMediaEvent | Use | |
| GenericSignalGeneratorEvent | Class | Media Events | See GenericMediaEvent | Use | |
| com.uforce.jtapi.generic.raw | AbstractRawProvider | Abstract Class | Helper Template | This is an abstract implementation of TelephonyProvider that can be extended by TPI implementors to speed up implementation. | Optional |
| RawListenerMux | Class | Helper | This is a helper class that can be used by TelephonyProviders to multiplex multiple TelephonyListeners into one. | Optional | |
| RawListenerPool | Class | Helper | This is an asynchronous event delivery helper that allows a remote TelephonyProvider, for instance, to hand of responsibility for sending update events so that it does not suffer network latency. | Optional |
As we can, of the 18 classes and interfaces, only two must be implemented and three are optional helper templates or classes. As well, four media events may be required to be created by a TelephonyProvider for the proper throwing of MediaResourceException on media calls (see below).
This may be a little too simplistic, however, since the TPI also requires the usage of JTAPI media objects and exceptions not listed in the TPI explicitly:
| Class | Category | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| Exceptions | ||
| PriviledgeViolationException | Exceptions | All JTAPI methods can call this to indicate that the user does not have sufficient privilege to execute the operation. |
| ResourceUnavailableException | Exceptions | All JTAPI methods can call this to indicate that the operation failed for resource contention reasons. |
| MethodNotSupportedException | Exceptions | Generally indicates that the SPI does not support that operation. This should also be noted in the capabilities for the SPI. |
| InvalidPartyException | Exceptions | Indicates that a party was not valid for a call. |
| InvalidArgumentException | Exceptions | Indicates that an argument was not valid for a call. |
| ProviderUnavailableException | Exceptions | Indicates that the SPI could not be properly initialized. |
| MediaResourceException | Media Exception | A wrapper for a Media Event that describes what went wrong. |
| Media | ||
| RTC | Media | This is a collection of a event signal and an action symbol that indicates that when the event occurs the action should be taken. |
| Symbol | Media | These are abstract ids for media events and actions. |
| Method | Comment |
|---|---|
| Initialization | |
| initialize() | Called after creation to pass in any initialization parameters |
| getCapabilities() | Can also be though of as part of a Capabilities category. Returns basic call control capability information, as well as any tuning of TelephonyProvider calls. See TelephonyProvider tuning in Capabilities section. |
| getAddresses() | Gets the static address set that is managed. |
| getTerminals() | Gets the terminals associated with an address. |
| isMediaTerminal() | See Media |
| shutdown() | Tells the TPI it can release its resources. |
| Low-level State Querying (Weak Synchronization) | |
| getAddresses() | See Initialization |
| getAddresses(String term) | Determine if a Terminal named term exists and return its Address names. |
| getTerminals() | See Initialization |
| getTerminals(String addr) | Determine if an Address named addr exists and return its Terminal names. |
| getCall() | Query the low-level TelephonyProvider for the state of an untracked call. |
| getCallsOnAddress() | Return a snapshot of all Calls currently at an Address. |
| getCallsOnTerminal() | Return a snapshot of all Calls currently at a Terminal. |
| Basic Call Control | |
| answerCall() | Answer a call at a particular terminal on a particular address. |
| createCall() | Create a call from an address/terminal pair to a destination string |
| hold() | hold a call at an address/terminal pair |
| unHold() | unhold a call at an address/terminal pair |
| join() | merge a second call into the first one. |
| release() | release a call leg at an address/terminal pair. |
| CallId Management | |
| reserveCallId() | Reserve a call id for subsequent use. This takes care of events arriving for unregistered CallIds during a createCall() |
| releaseCallId() | Tell the system it may now safely dispose of a CallId since the framework no longer tracks it. |
| Event Control | |
| addListener() | Add an listener for call and media events. Only one will ever be registered, so the TelephonyProvider implementation does not need to manage a set of these. |
| removeListener() | Remove an event observer. This can usually be ignored. |
| reportCallsOnAddress() | Report events on calls that visit an address. See reportCall(). This may never be called depending on the TelephonyProvider capabilities tuning. |
| reportCallsOnTerminal() | Report events on calls that visit a terminal. See reportCall(). This may never be called depending on the TelephonyProvider capabilities tuning. |
| stopReportingCall() | Tell the TelephonyProvider that it no longer needs to report call events for a call. |
| Media | |
| allocateMedia() | Allocate appropriate media resources to a terminal. This may never be called depending on the TelephonyProvider capabilities tuning. |
| freeMedia() | Free media resources allocated to a terminal. This may never be called depending on the TelephonyProvider capabilities tuning. |
| isMediaTerminal() | Determine is a terminal supports media resources (This may also be considered part of Initialization). This may never be called depending on the TelephonyProvider capabilities tuning. |
| play() | Play a media resource over a call at a terminal. |
| record() | Record the media being received at a terminal. |
| retrieveSignals() | Retrieve DTMF signals received at a terminal. Return values are created with Factory methods of the RawSigDetectEvent class. |
| sendSignals() | Send DTMF signals to an active call at a terminal. |
| stop() | Stop all current media actions on a terminal |
| triggerRTC() | Send an RTC Trigger Symbol to a terminal's media resources. |
| Capability key | Meaning | Required Methods |
|---|---|---|
| (core) | These are the core methods that all TelephonyProviders must implement | initialize()
getCapabilities() getAddresses() getAddresses(String) getTerminals() getTerminals(String) releaseCallId() addListener() removeListener() shutdown() |
| answer | Can the TelephonyProvider answer calls? | answerCall() |
| create | Can the TelephonyProvider create new calls? | reserveCallId()
createCall() |
| hold | Can the TelephonyProvider hold and unHold calls? | hold()
unHold() |
| join | Can the TelephonyProvider join two calls together? | join() |
| release | Can the TelephohyProvider release a Connection? | release() |
| dynamicAddresses
or ResourceUnavailableException for getAddresses() or getTerminals() |
Do we allows for lazy intialization of the Address and Terminal pools? Note that the dynamicAddresses flag notes that these pools are in flux. To just indicate that they are too big to return all at once, the TelephonyProvider throws ResourceUnavailableException. | |
| throttle | If true, this indicates that not all call events are reported. Therefore calls will be unknown to the Framework unless queried for. The Framework ensures that a "flushed in" Call is reported on. | getCall()
getCallsOnAddress() getCallsOnTerminal() reportCallsOnAddress() reportCallsOnTermina() stopReportingCall() |
| media | Does the TelephonyProvider support media services? | allocateMedia()
freeedia() play() record() receiveSignals() sendSignals() stop() sendRTC() |
allMediaTerminals |
Are all Terminals Media capable? This only applies if "media" mapped to true. If false, the following method must be implemented. | isMediaTerminal() |
As we can see, a basic TelephonyProvider without throttling, dynamic addresses or media support needs only implement 10 of the 32 TelephonyProvider methods.
These are all full-fledged objects with state and behaviour associated with them. For a pluggable interface, however, it is desirable to abstract these objects and instead provide logical references, so that:
- The interface is as loosely coupled as possible.
- As little implementation constraints as possible are placed on the TPI implementor. We do not want the TPI Implementor to have to implement Call, for instance, or corrupt their object model with JTAPI concepts.
- To allow for easy serialization (i.e. remote access)
For these reasons, the five JTAPI objects are never exposed to the TPI interface. Instead String references and a CallId interface are defined. It is assumed that Addresses and Terminals will both have unique String representations. For calls, the TPI implementor is required to support the creation of unique CallId objects that can be used as call handles. Since the CallId interface is simply a marker interface, its implementation is relatively trivial. If the TPI implementor has an object that represents calls and obeys the "equals()" and "hashCode()" contracts (as all objects should), it can simply be declared to implement CallId. Alternatively an TPI implementor that used long integers to reference calls could create a simple CallId object that wraps the "long" value and implements equals() and hashCode appropriately.
import com.uforce.jtapi.generic.CallId; public class SimpleCallId implements CallId { private long id; public SimpleCallId(long newId) { this.id = newId; } long getId() { return this.id; } public boolean equals(Object o) { if (o instanceof SimpleCallId && (((SimpleCallId)o).getId() == this.getId())) { return true; } return false; } public long hashCode() { return this.getId(); } } |
Note that CallId does not have to be serializable, since this may place too onerous a restriction on the CallId implementation. It is the responsibility on any remote interface to map non-serializable CallIds to proxy CallIds that can safely be serialized.
The mapping of JTAPI objects to CallIds and address and terminal Strings can then be seen as:
| CallID | address String | terminal String | |
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This means, for instance, that a Connection object in JTAPI is mapped to a CallID/address String pair in the TPI.
Initialization
The generic JTAPI framework is responsible for finding and loading the TPI implementation. The GenericJtapiPeer (JtapiPeer) implementation is loaded in one of the normal JTAPI specified manners, supporting the JtapiPeerFactory, DefaultJtapiPeer and explicit peer instantiation. The selection of the correct TelephonyProvider is performed during the JtapiPeer.getProvider() method. Implementors have three options for hooking their TelephonyProvider interface class into the framework:
- Place an entry in the "GenericResources.props" file that identifies the TelephonyProvider class with a lookup name. This lookup name can then be passed in as part of the ";"-separated "getProvider() parameter string. The GenericResources.props file allows for the specification of a default TelephonyProvider if no name is provided.
- If the TelephonyProvider class is not referenced in the GenericResources.props file, it may be explicitly defined as a fully-qualified class name as the first part of the "getProvider()" parameter string.
- Finally, the GenericJtapiPeer class can be subclassed to override "getDefaultProvider()". This allows the GenericJtapiPeer subclass to define the default provider that is hooked in if no TelephonyProvider name or fully-qualified class name is passed in to "getProvider()". With this option, it is possible to hook the Generic JTAPI Framework with a desired Provider into a JTAPI application without modifying the GenericResources.props file or requiring the application to use a non-default provider string.
After the implementation has been loaded, it is initialized prior to being used. This initialization take two forms:
- TPI initialization. The framework will call the TPI with the following call: "initialize(Map props)". This call passes in a dictionary of name-value pairs that describe the TPI usage environment. The TPI is free to use these, and any that it might load itself (i.e. from a Resource file) to complete any initialization, such as authorization or address domain selection. The TPI will not be used until this call has been made.
- Framework initialization. After the framework has successfully loaded an TPI, it will perform some interrogation on that TPI to determine what the framework's operational constraints are. Specifically it will:
- Ask the TPI for its capabilities with "getCapabilities()". This should return a simple dictionary that lists t/f values for the base TPI functions: (answer, create, hold, join, release)
- Ask the TPI for the list of Addresses it supports with "getAddresses()". For each address, a follow-up call of "getTerminals(String address)" will also occur.
Capabilities
Static and Dynamic capabilities are handled within the Generic JTAPI Framework. The only responsibility that the TPI has for capabilities is in returning a Properties object that notes any non-default capabilities between the names (answer, create, hold, join, release) and "t/f" strings or Boolean values. A simple way for an TPI implementation to implement capabilities is for it to:
- Copy the Generic JTAPI Framework capabilities file (GenericCapabilities.props)
- Alter its values to reflect the TPI call control implementation
- Load the file into a java.util.Properties object
- Return the Properties object from "getCapabilities()".
If framework default capabilities are supported, it is legal to return a null.
Note that the JTAPI transfer and conference methods are not directly supported in this list, since they are implemented as combinations of the five basic call-control functions. For instance, a blind transfer consists of placing a call on hold, creating a second call, joining the two calls and releasing the call from the transferring terminal. The Generic JTAPI framework calculates transfer and conference capabilities based on whether all the required base functions are supported. As well, dynamic capabilities are determined in the generic JTAPI framework by combining static capabilities with the current state of the the particular JTAPI object.TelephonyProvider Tuning
In addition to these direct call-related capabilities, the Capabilities Property file also lists some tuning Capabilities that set up a contract between the Framework and the TelephonyProvider. This contract allows for more efficient calling of the TelephonyProvider, which may improve performance and, if a remote proxy is used, dramatically reduce network performance. The four properties are:
| Property | Meaning |
|---|---|
| throttle | By default, the Generic JTAPI Framework issues event throttling calls
to tell the Telephony provider which events it is interested in receiving
(reportCall()...). This reduces the number of potential resources
the Telephony provider must allocate and reduces the amount of callback
traffic.
For some providers, however, they will report all call events anyway. Setting "throttle" to "f" will eliminate the redundant issuing of ignored throttling calls. Default value: "t" |
| media | During initialization, the Framework asks the TelephonyProvider if
each returned terminal supports media. If the Telephony provider
does not support media at all, these queries are unnecessary and may be
suppressed by setting the "media" value to "f".
Default value: "t" |
| allMediaTerminals | If the TelephonyProvider does support media, it may support media for
all Terminals. Setting "allMediaTerminals" to "t" turns all Terminals
into MediaTerminals without needless Telephony provider queries.
Default value: "f" |
| allocateMedia | If the TelephonyProvider does support media, do we need to call allocateMedia
if we are not passing in any dictionaries? In other words, are media
by default always allocated?
Default value: "t" |
| allocateMedia | Media may require the Telephony provider to allocate resources for
a terminal, and so the Framework by default sends explicit media resource
allocation and free messages. Some Telephony providers, however,
my ignore these suggestions since media resources are free and always attached.
Setting "allocateMedia" to "f" avoids the sending of these unnecessary
messages.
Default value: "t" |
As well, the TPI supports the explicit Generic JTAPI Framework management of CallIds. The Framework may request a CallId and then later use the CallId to create an actual call. For incoming calls, the CallId is reported through a FreeCallEvent sent to the Framework's CallObserver. CallIds must be unique in time but once the TPI receives a releaseCallId() call for a CallId, the Framework no longer retains a handle to the CallId and the CallId may be discarded or re-used. In both the creation of calls by the Framework and the death of call notification by FreeCallEvent, the CallId management is a two-phase process. This two-phase process is required to ensure that glares do not occur. Consider a system without these management calls:
- No createCallId(). The Framework asks for the creation of a new call. In the TPI, the call is created and started and call progress events are sent to the TelephonyListener Framework callback object. Then the createCall() method returns the CallId. Now the "new call" event and the return value are racing to see who can update the Framework first. If the event wins then a new Call object will be created that will be logically identical to the Call object that initiated the createCall() method. This is not "a good thing".
- No releaseCallId(). A call is killed and the TPI sends a FreeCallEvent indicating the call is dead and then removes the CallId from its local list of known calls. Between the time that the event is sent to the Framework and the time that it is processed, an action with that call is initiated and causes a TPI method to be invoked (i.e. hold()). Since the CallId is no longer known, the TPI will through an exception such as ResourceUnavailableException or InvalidArgumentException instead of the appropriate RawStateException. Event worse, the CallId may by this time have been re-used, causing an unintended side-effect on an unrelated call. Not "a good thing" either.
Exceptions
Of the twenty-seven methods in the TelephonyProvider interface class, only eleven throw exceptions, and these can be broken into three major groups:
| Group | Methods | Exceptions | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Initialization | initialize() | ProviderUnavailableException | This exception is called to indicate that a provider could not be properly initialized. |
| Call Control | answerCall()
createCall() hold() join() release() unHold() |
PriviledgeViolationException
ResourceUnavailableException MethodNotSupportedException InvalidPartyException InvalidArgumentException RawStateException PlatformException |
These exception denote:
|
| Media | play()
record() sendSignals() retrieveSignals() |
MediaResourceException | An exception that wraps a ResourceEvent that describes what went wrong with the Media device. |
With the exception of RawStateException, these are all exception classes defined in JTAPI itself. RawStateException is an extension of InvalidStateExtension necessary since the JTAPI objects are not exposed at the TPI level.
For each of these eleven methods, the TPI implementor is free to throw the available exceptions if unexpected conditions occur. The meaning of the exceptions is fairly clear and translates well to most telephony environments. Of course, if an exception does not seem to apply, the implementor does not have to declare or use it. On the other hand, if some exception occurs that is not mappable easily to this list, a PlatformException, since it is a Runtime exception denoting catastrophic failures, can always be thrown. An example of this might be in a remote TPI proxy that delegates TPI calls off to a remote implementation. If a remote exception is caught, indicating that our link to the remote implementation has failed, it is reasonable to throw a PlatformException, since recovering from this situation is not likely.Events
The TPI makes no assumptions about the object model or state machine for TPI implementations. It must, however, be notified of certain changes, such as when a call arrives or a DTMF signal is received. Originally the Generic JTAPI framework relied on an Observer-style event notification scheme that required the Telephony provider to generate the correct event objects and call the TelephonyListener callback object with the event.
Unfortunately, this design left it very unclear on exactly which events were expected and what the required event information is. For this reason, the Generic JTAPI Framework event notification scheme was reworked to provide a more Listener-oriented paradigm. This is intended to make it easier for a Telephony provider to properly throw events without having to understand the JTAPI event hierarchy.
The following events are supported by the new TelephonyListener interface:
| Method | Type | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| callActive | Call Event | Indicates that a Call has become active |
| callInvalid | Call Event | Indicates that a Call has ended. |
| connectionInProgress | Connection Event | A Connection is being routed. |
| connectionAlerting | Connection Event | A Connection is ringing. |
| connectionConnected | Connection Event | The Connection is now live |
| connectionDisconnected | Connection Event | The Connection has been disconnected |
| connectionFailed | Connection Event | The Connection failed (busy signal?) |
| terminalConnectionCreated | TerminalConnection Event | A terminal has been added to a connection |
| terminalConnectionRinging | TerminalConnection Event | The terminal is ringing |
| terminalConnectionTalking | TerminalConnection Event | The terminal is in the call |
| terminalConnectionHeld | TerminalConnection Event | The terminal is held |
| terminalConnectionDropped | TerminalConnection Event | The terminal has been dropped from the call |
| mediaPlayPause | Media Event | The player has paused due to an RTC trigger |
| mediaPlayResume | Media Event | The player has resumed due to an RTC trigger |
| mediaRecorderPause | Media Event | The recorder has paused due to an RTC trigger |
| mediaRecorderResume | Media Event | The recorder has resumed due to an RTC trigger |
| mediaSignalDetectorDetected | Media Event | The signal detector has detected a particular signal |
| mediaSignalDetectorOverflow | Media Event | The signal detector has filled it signal buffer |
| mediaSignalDetectorPatternMatched | Media Event | The signal detector has detected a pattern |
While not strictly speaking an event, the SignalDetector.receiveSignals() method requires a complex set of information to be returned to it detailing why the synchronous call returned. Originally the TelephonyProvider required the return of a complex SignalDetectorEvent. Creating such an event is not easy and subject to the same issues as callback event notification. For this reason, the class RawSigDetectEvent was created with six static factory methods to ease its creation:
| Static Factory Method | Comment |
|---|---|
| initialTimeout() | Creates an event that indicates that no signal was received within the initial signal reception timeout period. |
| interSigTimeout() | Creates an event that indicates that no signal was received within the inter-signal timeout period. |
| timeout() | Creates an event that indicates that no the overall signal reception period expired with less than the requested number of signals detected. |
| maxDetected() | Creates an event that indicates that the maximum number of requested signals was collected. |
| patternMatched() | Creates an event that indicates that a signal pattern was matched. |
| rtcStopped() | Creates an event that indicates that the signal collection was stopped as a result of a signal being detected that triggered a RunTimeControl that told the signal generator to stop collected signals. |
Note that removeListener() is still supported. Most TelephonyProviders can choose to ignore this call. This call might seem unnecessary, but it is required by the remote Telephony provider proxy to properly manage multiplexed Generic JTAPI Framework clients that may be simultaneously connected to the same remote Telephony provider. Note that it is the responsibility of the Remote Telephony provider to properly delegate off TelephonyProvider events to all registered clients. If a new remote Telephony provider is required (i.e. for CORBA) there is a TelephonyListener multiplexor in the package "com.uforce.jtapi.generic.raw" that may be used.Callback Threading
Normally Framework providers must be careful with "callback" invocation that the callback processing does not block proper processing. Originally this was provied through the use of an asynchronous event pool processing thread. Unfortunately this makes Framework state updates non-deterministic and can lead to race conditions.In the current implementation, event callbacks do occur synchronously, but under tightly constrained conditions. The callback only updates the Generic Framewor's call state; client application events are dispatched through a separate thread.
Event Throttling
Obviously if a TelephonyProvider reported every state change on every call in a large telephony system, both the TelephonyProvider and the Generic JTAPI Framework would soon be overloaded with events to handle. Furthermore, for some vendors, monitoring all calls is an expensive operation that consumes valuable switch resources.
For this reason, the TPI defines two event control methods that allow Telephony providers to be informed of which subset of calls must be reported on, if "getCapabilities()" indicates that throttling is supported. "reportCallsOnAddress()" and "reportCallsOnTerminal()" indicate that calls connecting to a particular address or terminal should be reported on. The latter two are preferred over watching an Address or Terminal for events and then using the CallId in those events to start reporting on calls, since:As well, since the Framework amy hold onto a CallId after having let the Call be gabage collected, it may re-fetch call state through "getCall()".
- They map more closely to JTAPI reporting requests.
- The remove the glare condition where call events occur between the time that a call is noticed and the call is registered for events.
In all cases, whenever a CallId is returned by the TelephonyProvider to the Generic Framework, the TelephonyProvider has a contract to report all events on that call or its parts until such time as the call dies or a "stopReportingCall()" message is received.
Media
The Generic JTAPI Framework supports the ECTF Media framework introduced in JTAPI 1.3. As such, media services are thought of as resources attached to MediaTerminals. Unlike basic call control, media services are considered a contract and capabilities are not supported. That is, if an TPI implementor returns "true" to any "isMediaTerminal()" query, it must fully support media services on that terminal. Of course, if the "isMediaTerminal()" method always returns "false", media services need never be supported.
For a terminal which is declared to support media, there are four basic, two management and two auxiliary methods that may be called:
| Method | Type | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| allocateMedia() | allocation | Allocate the indicated collection of media resources for a media terminal |
| freeMedia() | allocation | Free the indicated media resources from a media terminal |
| play() | basic | Play a set of media streams referenced by a set of names, usually URLs |
| record() | basic | Record media to a stream indicated by a name (URL) |
| sendSignals() | basic | Play a set of DTMF signals indicated by a collection of symbols |
| retrieveSignals() | basic | Retrieve DTMF signals received since the buffers were last cleared |
| stop | auxiliary | Stop all running media actions |
| triggerRTC() | auxiliary | Modify behaviour of running methods (see RTC discussion below) |
To fully understand the TPI media support, the implementor must have some understanding of some ECTF media concepts. In particular, the ECTF defines:
- Symbols. These are identifiers for media "things", such as events or actions. One symbol, for instance, my note the reception of a DTMF signal. Another symbol may represent the "stop play" command.
- RTC. All Media methods support the concept of "Runtime Controls". These are collections of pre-defined event-responses. This allows, for instance, a media service user to tell the system to stop playing an audio file is DTMF is received. By pre-sending these event/actions to the media device, the response to telephony actions can be much quicker than if the system had to report a DTMF signal up to the Generic Framework using a media event, the framework had to pass it onto the JTAPI application and then that application had to turn around and issue a command back down through the framework to the media terminal to stop the audio playing.
- Optional arguments. These are basically configuration parameters that can be passed on from an application to a media service in a relatively unstructured fashion. For particular implementations, for instance, this may allow the playback speed or volume to be set.
An TPI implementation that supports media services will then have to:
- Determine which terminals will support media capture and insertion
- Be able to allocate and free media resources as required
- Be able to store event/ response symbols for requested actions
- Be able to detect state changes and
- send the appropriate events
- collect the appropriate signals into a buffer (DTMF)
- check for RTC actions to invoke
Signal detection, in particular, has three scenarios that cause the "retrieveSignals()" method to return:
- The number of requested signals have arrived
- A signal from a "pattern" set has arrived, indicating that the call should return even though the requested number of signals has not been collected.
- An RTC is invoked that stops the signal retrieval.
Note that the following should be supported, since the older 1.2 media relies on it:
- triggerRTC(PlayerConstants.rtca_Stop) to stop any active play command.
- triggerRTC(RecorderConstants.rtca_Stop) to stop any active record command.
- allocateMedia(..., ..., Dictionary dict) where if the dictionary contains an entry p_EnabledEvents -> ev_SignalDetected, the signal detector should send a mediaSignalDetected callback event for detected signals. If the entry is not there, signal reporting should be turned off.
Fax
Fax is a particular media type that is not currently supported explicitly by the JTAPI media framework. We note, however, that the ECTF Media framework defines symbols for FaxGenerator and FaxReceiver media resources. There are, then, two options for supporting Fax in the JTAPI media framework:
- Define new Media Resource interfaces for FaxGenerators and FaxReceivers and then define a FaxMediaService that hooks these resource types into a Media Group. The downside to this is that it may be superseded by the JTAPI 2.0 Media specification.
- Treat Fax as a special case of Player and Recorder URLs. That is, if a media Player is told to play a stream with a Fax URL, it would start up a fax generator, do call handshaking and send the fax file referenced by the URL. Recorders would similarly allow Fax reception. This option can be implemented with no changes to the TPI interface, but may require a raw Media service to either allocate Fax resources that may never be used, or throw runtime resource exceptions (breaking the media contract).
For simplicity sake, and until such time as the JTAPI media package is updated to support Fax resources, the Generic JTAPI framework adopts the second strategy. Faxes are send or received by specifying a Player or Recorder "streamId" as a URL of format:
fax:<real-ulr>
i.e. fax:file:/tmp/file.bmp
If a MediaService binds a Player and/or Recorder resource to itself, and the Telephony provider requires separate resources for Fax and normal media playing, the Telephony provider has two options:
- Reserve all possibly required resources to the terminal even though some might never be used.
- Only reserve non-fax resources, delaying fax resource allocation until needed. If a fax resource cannot be found when needed, a MediaResourceException may be thrown.
The strategy used by a particular Telephony provider depends on the fax resource allocation costs and possibly on the size of the line pool being managed. It is permissibly for the fax resource algorithm to be switched at runtime by specifying a provider parameter that is passed into the "getProvider()" call during initialization.
Independent of how a Telephony provider supports fax resource allocation, the Generic JTAPI framework will ensure that a media player request containing multiple "streamIds" will have either all or none of the "streamIds" matching the fax URL pattern.
Note that Fax support is subject to change depending on changes to the JTAPI media package in subsequent JTAPI releases.
The Generic JTAPI TPI defines a simplistic interface for the implementation of JTAPI-complient vendor or protocol providers. There is a trade-off between power and simplicity and the TPI tries to provide a balance that provides a useful set of functionality while not making the interface so large as to be un-manageable. This brief Implementor's Guide has attempted to outline briefly the intention and usage of each part of the TPI and how the framework facets (initialization, call control. media, exception, events) are supported.


Google maps example
Google maps
Autoload on start
Load
API Key
Make sure you have created a project in your
developer console
Google Map
Go
Auth
Authorized on start
Make sure you have created a project in your
developer console
CLIENT ID
Force approval prompt
Authorize


{% extends '_main.html' %} {% load static core_tags %} {% block page_title %}Preview {{ object.name }} - {{ block.super }}{% endblock %} {% block go_back %} Back {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Showing {{ records|length }} record{{ records|length|pluralize }}.
You can select the columns you would like to download by clicking Filter columns below, then using the check boxes to filter the columns from the list. Limiting the number of columns will decrease file size of data downloaded and removes data you do not require.
No preview available


CS 109B: Advanced Topics in Data
Spring 2019
Pavlos Protopapas and Mark Glickman
<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Pavlos: Mondays 3-4pm at MD G108
- Mark: By appointment
Data Science 2 is the second half of a one-year introduction to data science. Building upon the material in Data Science 1, the course introduces advanced methods for data wrangling, data visualization, and deep neural networks, statistical modeling, and prediction. Topics include big data and database management, multiple deep learning subjects such as CNNs, RNNs, autoencoders, and generative models as well as basic Bayesian methods, nonlinear statistical models and unsupervised learning.
All course content (except Lectures 2,3,4) are in GitHub: https://github.com/Harvard-IACS/2019-CS109B/tree/master/content. We suggest that you clone this repository.
HELPLINE<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Office Hours : Weekly Schedule
For enrollment issues including cross-registration: contact the FAS Registrar's Office either in person at the Smith Campus Center (1350 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 450) or by sending an email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Lecture 2 including Slides, datasets, and notebook will only be available via Canvas (Modules), not the public GitHub.
Course Calendar
Meeting Time
Lectures: Mon and Wed 1:30‐2:45pm in Maxwell-Dworkin G-115
Labs: Thur 4:30-6:00pm in Pierce 301(starting 1/31)
Advanced Sections: Wed. 3:00pm-4:15pm, (NOTICE CHANGE IN TIME) location TBD (starting 2/13)
Prerequisites: CS 109a, AC 209a, Stat 121a, or CSCI E-109a or the equivalent. Students who have not previously taken CS 109, AC 209, Stat 121, or CSCI E-109 should obtain instructor approval.
Instructional Staff
Helpline<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Head TF: Eleni Kaxiras<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Head TF for DCE: Sol Girouard<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Self-Assessment Homework: HW0


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( a) Crystal structure of Pnm2 1-type arsenic (pararsenolamp ... |
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SEM image of crystal aggregate of Pnm2 1-aresenic and the re ... |
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( a) Experimental As K-edge XANES spectra of Pnm2 1-As (soli ... |


Yes the project still going, just been busy with some other modules. I need to just revise the code on the Gauges and make it tidy and a bit bug free.
Here a teaser of a "Data Download" module I made.
You download your feeds and averages it (time selection still to be implemented, currently set to 1hour only).
Data goes into a nice excel sheet with graphs that are made automatically :D
And aswell I made my own "emonTX" temperature sensor board that uses the NRF24L01+ with a advanced library that allowed nodes to 'hop'(meaning the range is unlimited).
Upcoming changes that I have planned: Google Charts instead of Flot Charts and a change to the events module that has a timer, eg If Feedx > y for z amount of time = notification
»
Re: SteelSeries Gauges Coming Soon WIP
Submitted by TrystanLea on Fri, 17/01/2014 - 15:48.
Re: SteelSeries Gauges Coming Soon WIP
:) They look really nice
Re: SteelSeries Gauges Coming Soon WIP
Re: SteelSeries Gauges Coming Soon WIP
SteelSeries Gauges Coming Soon - When?
Paul
Re: SteelSeries Gauges Coming Soon WIP
Re: SteelSeries Gauges Coming Soon WIP
Re: SteelSeries Gauges Coming Soon WIP
those slicers are great for weather info, can't wait until this is merged into emoncms :)
great job!
Re: SteelSeries Gauges Coming Soon WIP
Ill be back in two weeks, for now look under dashboard to add new widgets.(github noob)
Copy paste entire directory, or designer & render files + widgets folder.
Widgets have not been tested exstensively, so errors might occur.
Know issues in edit screen that it "Flickers" when values are updating, but in the dashboard view it works fine.
Have fun!
https://github.com/XaroRSA
Re: SteelSeries Gauges Coming Soon WIP
Is this project still live? Loving the idea of some nice new gauges...
Re: SteelSeries Gauges Coming Soon WIP
Yes , these looks very nice if it gets implemented
thanks for your effort
Re: SteelSeries Gauges Coming Soon WIP
Yes the project still going, just been busy with some other modules. I need to just revise the code on the Gauges and make it tidy and a bit bug free.
Here a teaser of a "Data Download" module I made.
You download your feeds and averages it (time selection still to be implemented, currently set to 1hour only).
Data goes into a nice excel sheet with graphs that are made automatically :D
And aswell I made my own "emonTX" temperature sensor board that uses the NRF24L01+ with a advanced library that allowed nodes to 'hop'(meaning the range is unlimited).
Upcoming changes that I have planned: Google Charts instead of Flot Charts and a change to the events module that has a timer, eg If Feedx > y for z amount of time = notification
Re: SteelSeries Gauges Coming Soon WIP
Nice! that looks super useful!
Re: SteelSeries Gauges Coming Soon WIP
https://github.com/XaroRSA/emoncms
For those that want to play with the new gauges, just replace your current dashboard folder with mine.
There is minor glitch when in edit mode, but it still works when you just view the dashboard afterwards
Have fun!
Re: SteelSeries Gauges Coming Soon WIP
Hi XaroRSA!
I copy/pasted your dashboard folder for mine in a test installation but now I can't see gauges both in edit and view mode.
I'll leave 2 SS.
Re: SteelSeries Gauges Coming Soon WIP
Has this ever been done for version 9?
Thanks


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Preparation time
1-2 hours
Cooking time
1 to 2 hours
Serves
Serves 4
For the glazed pork, preheat the oven to 160C/320F/Gas 3.
Heat the vegetable oil in a wok and fry the pork until browned on all sides.
Transfer the pork and all the remaining glazed pork ingredients (except the honey) into a casserole dish with a lid. Place over a medium heat and bring to the boil. Once boiling, cover with the lid and place the casserole in the oven for one hour.
For the oyster mushrooms, combine all the ingredients in a bowl and leave to stand (covered) for at least one hour.
To continue the glazed pork, remove the pork from the cooking liquid and place to one side. Add the honey to the liquid in the casserole and boil rapidly to reduce in volume by two-thirds.
Increase the heat of the oven to 220C/430F/Gas 7. Place the pork belly onto a roasting tray, brush with the reduced cooking liquid and place in the oven.
Cook the pork for about 15 minutes, basting regularly until the meat has a lacquered appearance.
For the garlic and sesame Chinese leaves, heat the vegetable oil in a wok until smoking. Add the garlic and fry for 30 seconds. Add the kai lan (or Tenderstem broccoli) and stir fry for a further minute. Just before serving, add the sesame oil and the oyster sauce.
Serve the pork with the oyster mushrooms, garlic and sesame Chinese leaves and steamed sticky rice on the side.


Background
I have tried few times grocery shopping online due to COVID situation. I have had some problems making the order becuase I have been confused with either choosing the shop or browsing the items. I have tested the service with Foodie and K-Ruoka. In mobile I like Foodie and in desktop I like K-Ruoka. So, I tried to combine the best from each and also benchmark how Amazon have designed the grocery shopping.
Goal
My goal was to ideate a new concept and simplify user journey in online grocery shopping because I felt that the process of choosing a store, browsing and picking items to shopping cart and purchasing wasn't straightforward enough. I also felt that there were opportunities for the businesses to promote their offering and use the personal shopping data better. My idea of a solution and concept is more to the user who likes to browse the offering.
Research
I started the project by using both Foodie and K-Ruoka in order to get familiar with the services. I have made an order with both of the services in desktop and then I have used the apps to make a shopping list.
While testing and making an order I wrote down some notes and differences with the two services while I was browsing and searching items. Here are my thougths on the UX in Foodie.fi
After I used Foodie I tried K-Ruoka.fi and wrote down notes and made some comparison with Foodie.
Design process
After the research I decided to redesign the grocery shopping experience in K-Ruoka app because I wanted to make the journey from deciding to shop online to purchase easier. Also, I felt that grocery shopping in the app was logically a bit different from the desktop.
Use cases: I started te redesign by writing down use cases based on my test usage.
As a user, I want to...
Benchmarking: In addition I benchmarked Amazon's way of grocery shopping in Whole Foods and in Amazon Fresh. I liked the design, because it gives a visual overview of the items and also highlights some of the categories which can be used for growth hacking.
User journey: Based on the use cases I then wrote down a simplified steps the user does while shopping from choosing the shop to placing the order. I used this then as a base when I started to create the wireframes.
Wireframes: The on issue I found out was that picking a store is sometimes confusing and also easily forgetten. I have also noticed this while observing other people using the services. Currently the user can either start shopping by using an old shopping list which takes the user to the specific store where the list was created or the user can start doing online order without ready made list which takes the user to the store choosing view. I wanted to simplify this, so I decided to design the first phase to always be choosing of the store.
Currently, if the user chooses to use an old shopping list it doesn't move the items to the cart. My idea is that after the store is chosen the user could choose old shopping list which would create a shopping cart based on the list or start a new, but for now I skipped it.
In the groceries home page the user gets a quick overview of different sections which could be personalized and also used as promotion space. The search bar, shopping cart, store and the option to search based on categories is always visible. Currently, the user sees the most bought items and the different categories open from the menu.
If the user chooses to browse products based on product categories the view is similar with the home view and the user can filter the results by sub-categories. In the product category page the service could again promote the most bought items and also show for example what's in the season. Currently, the user chooses the category and sub-category from the menu which opens the product list view and unselecting directs the user to the most bought view.
If a user selects sub-category the products are then showed as a list view. Going back or unselecting a sub-category would show again the category view.
Adding products to the shopping cart happens by tapping the plus icon. User can view her shopping cart by tapping the shopping cart icon in the top right. From there the user can also edit the cart more easily because the action area is consistent with the other buttons. From the cart view the user can proceed to checkout. Additionally, the cart should show the cost of the purchase. Currently, the user can see their shopping list by clicking the back arrow and proceed from there to the checkout.
After the checkout in the current K-Ruoka app the user can choose the delivery method and check if there is home delivery available. I removed the checking option because in the beginning the user has already decided the store based on the delivery method and location. The user can now choose between the home delivery and pick up and if the store doesn't support for example home delivery the only option is the pickup.
If the user chooses home delivery the journey would go as in the desktop version. The user would write her postal code and check the available time slots and choose the delivery time. In the pickup, the user would also choose the time. Then the user would choose the payment method and finalize the delivery.
For this practice, I haven't yet designed those steps and I find them pretty good already in the app.
Result
I hopefully improved the buying process and simplified it a bit. I also tried to make the process more aligned with the desktop version to reduce confusion and opportunities for user errors.
Aftermath
It was interesting to get more familiar with the online grocery shopping. However, I feel that home delivery is quite expensive for a one-person households even though it's easier to buy food for a longer time if there is no car available to use. It was interesting to see that in Foodie the collecting of items costed more than the actual delivery. I think there are a lot of opportunities to improve the online grocery shopping and make it more appealing for one-person households.
This was my first "redesign" challenge and it was interesting and fun to do this. Even though I didn't make anything high-fidelity I feel that the concept idea is undertandable and of course there is always something to improve even with this one.


Getting Started
Entities
Levels
Design Principles
What are the high level design principles of Total AI?
- Simple
- Easy To Prototype
- Flexible
- Customizable
- Performant
Simple
Assuming the requirements are met simple is always better. This is true in all areas. Whether it is in code,
UI, game design, or even this documentation. Simple is not easy. Usually initial "easy" solutions are overly complex.
Only after multiple refactors does a solution begin to be simple. This is because the problem can't possible be understood
until multiple passes of implementation are made along with feedback at each stage. This can be seen in TAI as almost
all areas of TAI are at three or more revisions from their initial code/design. Over time even more revisions
will be made to simplify it. The overall gains of simplicity for code is particularly great since simple means less bugs,
easier bug fixes, easier for new developers to learn the code, more stable code, and code that is easier to extend.
Performance is probably the most obvious counter to this argument. Certain areas might need to be overly complex in
order to reduce a performance bottleneck. The key is be be 100% sure that its worth the complexity, so measure
performance gains when deciding to introduce complexity.
Easy To Prototype
Video games are complex creations especially ones that attempt complex AI. NPC behavior is a very hard problem and must be carefully balanced with the gameplay. Prototyping different systems quickly before major costs have gone into them is critical. AI in particular can be difficult to prototype with switching between various AIs time consuming. TAI attempts to remove this barrier by providing one framework that allows many diverse styles of AI to be tried and also mix and matched between Agents.
Flexible
Creating a usable AI Framework for Unity is a challenging task due to the incredible variety of games. TAI tries to provide a fully featured framework for a large chunk of these games by creating a general AI framework that a user can easily plug in different logic. TAI also makes it easy to use some features and not others.
Customizable
Customization is at the heart of TAI. TAI attempts to put all key logic inside types that inherit from ScriptableObjects. These types can then be easily extended to either expand on the current logic or create new logic. These new types can then be easily set into other ScriptablObject Types or into Components.
Performant
TAI uses two main pathways for performance.
One is in the core code using the latest in Unity performance technology such as the Jobs System and
is received for free. TAI currently does NOT use the Jobs System. This is currently an area
in need of improvement for Total AI.
The second one is design options for reducing and redirecting
available computation to the areas of your game that need it. This one is more powerful but takes careful design
by the game designer. TAI provides many options here and the documentation tries to aid game designers with how to
get the most out of their available AI compute.


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Kale with Tomato and Onion
Ingredients:
- 1 1/2 lb fresh kale
- 2 tsp vegetable oil
- 1 cup chopped tomato
- 3/4 cup chopped tomato
- 2 tsp lemon juice
- 1 clove garlic, minced
- 1/2 to 3/4 tsp pepper
Directions:
- Wash kale, do not dry. Tear into small pieces
- Place kale into dutch oven, do not add water
- Cook uncovered 20-30 minutes or until tender
- Heat oil in a large skillet under low heat
- Add tomato and onion to oil
- Cook on medium heat, stirring constantly until tender
- Add cooked greens and other ingredients, stirring constantly for 15 minutes
- Serve


font
(type)
A font is a driver object representing a fontface and size
A font is a driver object representing a fontface and size Cel is only concerned with font metrics, how to render the font is not specified. The driver is required to implement font.bbox, font.lineheight, font.ascent, font.descent, and font.metrics Cel provides convenience functions to measure strings, if the driver implements any of these functions the
drivers version will be used. To implement kerning for example the driver would have to implement all
of the font functions becuase kerning pairs are not part of the metrics.
bbox
a table describing a tight bounding box around the inked portion of all glyphs in the font.
xmin distance from the pen origin to the left-most inked portion of any glyph in the font
xmax distance from the pen origin to the right-most inked portion of any glyph in the font
ymin distance from the pen origin to the bottom-most inked portion of any glyph in the
font(usually negative)
ymax distance from the pen origin to the top-most inked portion of any glyph in the font
lineheight See freetype FT_Face.height
ascent See freetype FT_Face.ascender
descent See freetype FT_Face.descender
metrics
a table with an entry for each glyph in the font (in a future version this will be a unicode value,
for now it is implemented as the value of string.byte('a') where 'a' is the charater the glyph represents.The metrics table is indexed by string.byte('A') where 'A' is the the string.char() value
glyph the value of string.byte() for the corresponding char
char the value of string.char() for the corresponding glyph
advance the horizontal advance of the pen when this glyph is drawn
xmin distance from the pen origin to the left-most inked portion of the glyph
xmax distance from the pen origin to the right-most inked portion of the glyph
ymin distance from the pen origin to the bottom-most inked portion of the glyph
ymax distance from the pen origin to the top-most inked portion of the glyph
font:height()
Returns the height of the font (font.bbox.ymax - font.bbox.ymin)
Returns the height of the font (font.bbox.ymax - font.bbox.ymin)
font:measure(text, i, j)
Measures a string of text returning horizontal advance, font:height(), xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax
Measures a string of text returning horizontal advance, font:height(), xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax i and j are used to indicate a substring of the text to measure Driver note: does not depend on other font functions
arguments
text string
- the source text to measure
i integer
- same behaviour as string.sub(text, i, j), a new string is not created however
j integer
- same behaviour as string.sub(text, i, j), a new string is not created however
returns
integer
- (horizontal advance) horizontal advance of the pen
integer
- (font height) font.bbox.ymax - font.bbox.ymin
integer
- (xmin)distance from the pen origin to the left-most inked portion of the text
integer
- (xmax)distance from the pen origin to the right-most inked portion of the text
integer
- (ymin)distance from the pen origin to the bottom-most inked portion of the text
integer
- (ymax)distance from the pen origin to the top-most inked portion of the text
font:measurebbox(text, i, j)
Measures a string of text returning xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax
Measures a string of text returning xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax i and j are used to indicate a substring of the text to measure Driver note: does not depend on other font functions
arguments
text string
- the source text to measure
i integer
- same behaviour as string.sub(text, i, j), a new string is not created however
j integer
- same behaviour as string.sub(text, i, j), a new string is not created however
returns
integer
- (xmin)distance from the pen origin to the left-most inked portion of the text
integer
- (xmax)distance from the pen origin to the right-most inked portion of the text
integer
- (ymin)distance from the pen origin to the bottom-most inked portion of the text
integer
- (ymax)distance from the pen origin to the top-most inked portion of the text
font:measureadvance(text, i, j)
Measures a string of text returning horizontal advance of the pen
Measures a string of text returning horizontal advance of the pen i and j are used to indicate a substring of the text to measure Driver note: does not depend on other font functions
arguments
text string
- the source text to measure
i integer
- same behaviour as string.sub(text, i, j), a new string is not created however
j integer
- same behaviour as string.sub(text, i, j), a new string is not created however
returns
integer
- horizontal advance of the pen
font:wrap(text, maxadvance, mode)
Returns an iterator that returns a begin and end values of the the substring of text that does not
extend past maxadvance
Returns an iterator that returns a begin and end values of the the substring of text that does not
extend past maxadvance
arguments
text string
- the source text to measure
maxadvance integer
- maximum advance width for a line
mode string
- 'word' will preserve words, 'line' will only wrap at newlines.
returns
function
- iterator function
font:pickpen(text, i, j, x)
Returns the index, and horizontal advance of the penx nearest to x
Returns the index, and horizontal advance of the penx nearest to x The pen index starts at 1 and advance starts at 0
arguments
text string
- the source text to measure
i integer
- same behaviour as string.sub(text, i, j), a new string is not created however
j integer
- same behaviour as string.sub(text, i, j), a new string is not created however
x integer
- horizontal distance from pen origin
returns
integer
- pen index of the penx nearest to x
integer
- penx nearest to x
font:pad(padding, w, h, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
Applies padding to text measurements, and returns penx, peny, w, h
Applies padding to text measurements, and returns penx, peny, w, h The values returned by font:measure() correspond to w, h, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax. Driver note: do not reimplement
arguments
padding table
padding
A table with instructions on how to pad the measurements.
fit Can be nil, 'default' or 'bbox', this will be used for fitx if it is nil and for fity
if it is nil.
fitx If this is 'bbox' the padding is applied to a tight bounding box around the inked
portion of the glyphs (horizontally).
If this 'default' the padding is applied to a bounding box that includes the horizontal
advance and 0.
fity If this is 'bbox' the padding is applied to a tight bounding box around the inked
portion of the glyphs (vertically).
If this is 'default' the padding is applied to a bounding box that includes font.bbox.ymin
and font.bbox.ymax.
l The amount of left padding to apply. If this is a number the value is added to the width
and penx returned. If it is a function, then the padding is calculated by
l = math.floor(l(w,h) + .5) where w and h are the w and h (adjusted by fitx and fity) passed
into font:pad()
t The amount of top padding to apply. If this is a number the value is added to the height
and peny returned. If it is a function, then the padding is calculated by
t = math.floor(t(w,h) + .5) where w and h are the w and h (adjusted by fitx and fity) passed
into font:pad()
r The amount of right padding to apply. If the is nil, then it will use the same value
as padding.l. If this is a number the value is added to the width
returned. If it is a function, then the padding is calculated by
r = math.floor(r(w,h) + .5) where w and h are the w and h (adjusted by fitx and fity) passed
into font:pad()
b The amount of bottom padding to apply. If the is nil, then it will use the same value
as padding.t. If this is a number the value is added to the height
returned. If it is a function, then the padding is calculated by
b = math.floor(b(w,h) + .5) where w and h are the w and h (adjusted by fitx and fity) passed
into font:pad()
w integer
- (horizontal advance) horizontal advance of the pen
h integer
- (font height) font.bbox.ymax - font.bbox.ymin
xmin integer
- distance from the pen origin to the left-most inked portion of the text
xmax integer
- distance from the pen origin to the right-most inked portion of the text
ymin integer
- distance from the pen origin to the bottom-most inked portion of the text
ymax integer
- distance from the pen origin to the top-most inked portion of the text
returns
integer
- penx coordinate of pen origin to use when drawing the text
integer
- peny coordinate of pen origin to use when drawing the text
integer
- width of the bounding box with left and right padding applied
integer
- height of the bounding box with top and bottom padding applied
integer
- the amount of left padding added to bounding box.
integer
- the amount of top padding added to bounding box.
integer
- the amount of right padding added to bounding box.
integer
- the amount of bottom padding added to bounding box.


--- layout: post title: "Bootstrap 3 pages to save" date: 2017-04-24 09:00:00 +1300 categories: bootstrap url: bootstrap-3-pages-to-save tagline: A handy list of websites to help with Bootstrap development. og_image: bootstrap-3-pages-to-save article_image: /assets/images/dest/article-icons/bootstrap-3-pages-to-save-icon.svg article_image_alt: An icon illustrating a page comments: true ---
Being a Web designer is all about expanding your knowledge and seeing what is being done in the latest examples of our profession. It's for that reason I put together this list for the best tips, advice, freebies and tutorials I've collected over the years.
Bootswatch is great for grabbing a predefined theme in bootstrap.
Start Bootstrap is a collection of free to download Bootstrap themes and templates.
Exactly what the title describes.
Design elements, playground and code snippets for Bootstrap.