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dp
binary search
]
Leetcode 0174. Dungeon Game
https://leetcode.com/problems/dungeon-game
Probably when you see this problem and you have some experience in this type of problems you can guess, that this is dynamic programming problem. However even if you understand this, it is not easy to solve it. Let us use top-down dp, that is Let dp[i][j]
be the minimum hp we need to reach the princess if we start from point (i,j)
. Let us consider the following example:
| -2 | -3 | +3 |
|---|---|---|
| -5 | -10 | +1 |
| +10 | +30 | -5 |
Let us add bottom dummy row and right dummy column to handle border cases more easy. We fill it with infinities, except two ones - neibours of our princess. I will explain it a bit later.
How we can evaluate dp[i][j]
? We need to look at two cells: dp[i+1][j]
and dp[i][j+1]
and evaluate two possible candidates: dp[i+1][j]-dungeon[i][j]
and dp[i][j+1]-dungeon[i][j]
.
- If at least one of these two numbers is negative, it means that we can survive just with
1
hp: (look at number+30
in our table for example) - If both this numbers are positive, we need to take the mimumum of them, see for example number
-10
in our table: to survive we need either5- -10 = 15
if we go right and1- -10 = 11
if we go down, of course we choose11
. - This conditions can be written in one a bit ugly line:
dp[i][j] = max(min(dp[i+1][j],dp[i][j+1])-dungeon[i][j],1)
. - Finally, why I put
1
to two neibors of princess? To make this formula valid for princess cell: if we have negative number like-5
in this cell, we need6
hp to survive, if we have non-negative number in this cell, we need1
hp to survive.
| 7 | 5 | 2 | inf |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | 11 | 5 | inf |
| 1 | 1 | 6 | 1 |
| inf | inf | 1 | # |
Complexity: both time and space is O(mn)
. Space complexity can be reduced to O(min(m,n))
as usual, because we look only to neibour cells. However code becomes a bit more difficult to follow.
class Solution:
def calculateMinimumHP(self, dungeon):
m, n = len(dungeon), len(dungeon[0])
dp = [[float("inf")]*(n+1) for _ in range(m+1)]
dp[m-1][n], dp[m][n-1] = 1, 1
for i in range(m-1,-1,-1):
for j in range(n-1,-1,-1):
dp[i][j] = max(min(dp[i+1][j],dp[i][j+1])-dungeon[i][j],1)
return dp[0][0]
Further discussion It is possible to do it with down-top dp as well, howerer in this case you need to use binary search, because you do not know in advance if you survive starting say 1000
hp or not. Complexity will be O(nm log(MAX_INT))
in this case.
If you like the solution, you can upvote it on leetcode discussion section: Problem 0174


Ocean [ay46], ocean, in The Inner Sea
Last updated Turn #40
Ocean [ay46], ocean, in The Inner Sea
------------------------------------------------------------------------
26: Fast Winds [ak2q], ship, 2 hulls, 1 rowing port, 6 sails, 5% damaged,
26: arrived from Ocean [ax46], owner:
26: Dorothy [v1b], Pen, with ten sailors
26: Akius The Great [s1t], Pen
27: Fast Winds [ak2q], ship, 2 hulls, 1 rowing port, 6 sails, 5% damaged,
27: departed for Ocean [az46].
Routes leaving Ocean:
North, to Ocean [ax46], 6 days
East, to Ocean [ay47], 6 days
South, to Ocean [az46], 6 days
West, to Ocean [ay45], 6 days


PARIAH
Reviewed by Harvey Karten Indican Pictures Director: Randolph Kret Writer: Randolph Kret Cast: Damon Jones, Dave Oren Ward, David Lee Wilson, Aimee Chaffin, Angela Jones
In Frank Loesser's musical "Most Happy Fella," a quartet of guys who are standing on the corner watching all the girls go by begin singing, "Brother, you can't go to jail for what you're thinking." Good thing. Thoughts and fantasies of hate are far more common than physical displays of these emotions: feelings of racism and homophobia are probably more typical than we presume. Very fortunately, these feelings are physically acted upon in only a relatively small minority of cases. "Pariah" demonstrates some of these.
 The performers are charged up throughout, giving us in the audience barely a moment to reflect on what's going on, but then again, the characters in this movie are probably clueless themselves about their motivations. They profess that they hate "niggers," "spics," "fags," "kikes," "pussies" and all the others in the country who are not exactly like them--and in fact each often appears to hate his fellow in this pathetic skinhead cult and, of course, himself as well. Ultimately, though, they get into daily fights not so much because they can't stand members of minority groups but because fighting is fun. Like the boxers in David Fincher's "Fight Club" who profess to dislike rampant consumerism and the feminization of the male sex in America, the reasons they give for confrontations are mere rationalizations. These are empty- headed, emotionally crippled individuals who would have to face their nothingness if they could not dominate those who were physically--but certainly not intellectually--weaker than they.
 Attacked by a band of skinheads who beat the stuffing out of him and force him to watch the gangbang, Steve becomes Dirty Harry, a one-man army who takes the law into his own hands by going underground, becoming a skinhead, and worming his way into the organization of riff-raff in a raffish section of Hollywood that seems to be inhabited by nobody from this planet. He seeks vengeance particularly against the person who led the attack, David Lee (David Lee Wilson) and the honcho of the gang, a large, well-built chap named Crew (David Oren Ward).
While the movie will inevitably be compared to "Fight Club," it shares a genre more with Stanley Kubrick's 1971 classic "A Clockwork Orange"--about a society in the not-too-distant future in which rape, torture and killing are everyday events and the law is nonexistent. While this movie in no way has Kubrick's style, it conveys the writer-director's view that though many of us normal people never see these Hitler youths close up, they are a dangerous force in America who are difficult to reckon with despite their recognizability. In fact in watching the endless beatings engaged in by Crew, David Lee, their simple-minded female groupies, and the counterattacks launched by gangs of young blacks and gays, we wonder why no one responsible for enforcing the law is around and why these easily identified skins never get picked up by the police.
Raldolph Kret does not motivate these sickos. Sure, in one case a young woman complains that his brother was killed by a black man and in yet another a dysfunctional father alternately throws the hoods out of his house and supplies them with hospitality. But he does not really delve into the psychology of these common criminals who have memorized gibberish from Nazi ideology but otherwise have no gray matter inside their glabrous craniums.  The most interesting twist occurs when the undercover Steve is asked to prove his loyalty by "offing" a transvestite.
Unrated. Running Time: 105 minutes. (C) 2000 Harvey Karten<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
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Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
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to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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The API always responds in well-formed JSON and uses status codes to efficiently communicate error reasons. Attempting to use an outdated version of the API will return status code 403.
To create a new link using the API, issue a POST request to https://shashort.15318.de/api/v1/create
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$ curl -X POST https://shashort.15318.de/api/v1/create/ -d "https://example.com"
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To resolve a link using the API, issue a GET request to https://shashort.15318.de/api/v1/resolve?hash=[your_hash]
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In case of success, the API returns ok
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field and a url
field that contains the URL the hash maps to.
In case of errors, the API returns error
in the status
field and communicates the type of error in the HTTP Status Code: 400 indicates that the hash didn't resolve, and 500 a general internal error.


{% extends 'base.html'%} {% load bootstrap3%} {% block content%}
The awards for design,creativity and innovation for designers
Project Name: {{img.project_name}}
Caption: {{img.project_caption}}


--- title: "Αccountable and privacy preserving data processing via distributed ledgers" link: "https://github.com/cnasikas/data-processing" year: 2015 category: research ---
In this project we propose a protocol for data processing where data controllers can register their datasets and entities can request data processing operations by data processors. A distributed ledger is used as the controller of the system serving as an immutable history log of all actions taken by the participants. The blockchain-based distributed ledger provides data accountability, auditability and provenance tracking. We also use a Zero Knowledge Verifiable Computation scheme where a data processor is enforced to produce a proof of correctness of computation without revealing the dataset itself that the requestor verifies. This records the fact that correct processing has taken place without disclosing any information about the data.
The work in this project was supported by "Athena" RC and partially supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 732907 (My Health, My Data).
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{% extends "home/base.html" %} {% load static %} {% load crispy_forms_tags %} {% block for_profile %} {% if user.is_authenticated %}
You can add Matches and change your Tournamentes.
{{ tour.name }} started at - {{ tour.stared_at }} |
|---|
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Hi,
Not sure where to put this one, but thought hardware was best.
I have a digital Landis GYR+ which seems to be the norm these days from the pics I have seen.
The display shows rEd and the LED lights up when exporting, and I was wanting to add pulse counting to the equation so I can keep a track of the display from within the house, meter has an awkward gate to get to it and since I send the meter reading off every month, I was looking for an easy way of doing this.
I have built ant tested the pulse counting, and am happy with the accuracy of it, gained 2 kWh over a month to what the display said, so close enough for me. but now it counts all the exporting time as a pulse.
Is it a case of testing for the duration of the pulse and if it is a flash, count it, but if it is longer, ignore it?
I think this would work, but not 100% sure
Jimmy
Re: Pulse counting when exporting
I was hoping calypso_rae would answer this one - he's the expert on meter pulses and his tools contain a meter emulator, which you might like to look at.
I think what you say is correct, you need to distinguish between an import flash and everything else.
Re: Pulse counting when exporting
Hi Jimmy,
If your meter has only a single LED which pulses once per WattHour (i.e. 1000 pulse per kWh), then the checkLedStatus() routine that's in many of my Mk2 sketches should be able to detect and analyse your meter's LED activity. This code and associated comments will hopefully explain my understanding of the LED's behaviour.
Mk2_PV_Router_mini_3 is a compact no-frills version of Mk2 which contains this function. The associated hardware is just an LDR and a couple of passive components, as shown at the top of the sketch. Although the call to checkLedStatus() is commented out as posted, the code still compiles when the "//" characters are removed, so I would expect this function to work as intended.
If your meter is of the type which has red and green LEDs (and only 1250 Joules to play with, rather than 3600), then I'm afraid I can't help as I've never run tests on that type. I have however installed a Mk2 system alongside such a meter. Providing that the energy flow oscillations remain within a 1200 Joule band, or thereabouts, the meter appears to tolerate this behaviour without charging the user. In this case, the green LED remains on. If the oscillation band is increased to, say, 2000 Joules, then this LED goes off and occasional red pulses are seen which I presume means that the user is being charged.
Hope this helps.
Re: Pulse counting when exporting
Just want to say thanks for this, I have not yet had chance to look into this, Hopefully this weekend I will get some time aside to investigate, The few hours I have to myself are a little too late to be playing with the meters, so just working out how the emonGLCD works so as to customize this a little later on.
My meter is the single red LED, but there is a second one next to it, This I believe is a Infra red receiver I seem to remember from reading around somewhere so as it can be programmed. Not sure how true that is though as it was going back a while to before I found this site, and was looking at getting one of the meters from eBay and watching Office consumption. I struck it off as it would mean either rewiring the downstairs ring so as that was on its own ring, or having it all on its own spur, both of which I don't like the sound of.
Cheers again
Jimmy
Re: Pulse counting when exporting
The technique that I've mentioned above is intended for use with the red LED. Our LandisGyr meter also has a second port alongside the first. This is some kind of comms port which I've never tried to access.
The point about my checkLedStatus() function is that it can analyse all LED events, thereby revealing exactly what is going on behind the scenes. Unfortunately, digital meters only tell you in retrospect what has happened.
The Mk2's measurement system is essentially just replicating the meter in a way that provides access to real-time data.


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Module: Aws::Partitions
| Relationships & Source Files | |
| Namespace Children | |
|
Classes:
| |
| Defined in: | aws-sdk-core/lib/aws-sdk-core/partitions.rb, aws-sdk-core/lib/aws-sdk-core/partitions/partition.rb, aws-sdk-core/lib/aws-sdk-core/partitions/partition_list.rb, aws-sdk-core/lib/aws-sdk-core/partitions/region.rb, aws-sdk-core/lib/aws-sdk-core/partitions/service.rb |
Overview
A Partition is a group of AWS Region and Service objects. You can use a partition to determine what services are available in a region, or what regions a service is available in.
Partitions
AWS accounts are scoped to a single partition. You can get a partition by name. Valid partition names include:
"aws"
- Public AWS partition"aws-cn"
- AWS China"aws-us-gov"
- AWS GovCloud
To get a partition by name:
aws = Aws.partition('aws')
You can also enumerate all partitions:
Aws.partitions.each do |partition|
puts partition.name
end
Regions
A Partition is divided up into one or more regions. For example, the "aws" partition contains, "us-east-1", "us-west-1", etc. You can get a region by name. Calling Partition#region will return an instance of Region.
region = Aws.partition('aws').region('us-east-1')
region.name
#=> "us-east-1"
You can also enumerate all regions within a partition:
Aws.partition('aws').regions.each do |region|
puts region.name
end
Each Region object has a name, description and a list of services available to that region:
us_west_2 = Aws.partition('aws').region('us-west-2')
us_west_2.name #=> "us-west-2"
us_west_2.description #=> "US West (Oregon)"
us_west_2.partition_name "aws"
us_west_2.services #=> #<Set: {"APIGateway", "AutoScaling", ... }
To know if a service is available within a region, you can call #include?
on the set of service names:
region.services.include?('DynamoDB') #=> true/false
The service name should be the service's module name as used by the AWS SDK for Ruby. To find the complete list of supported service names, see Partition#services.
Its also possible to enumerate every service for every region in every partition.
Aws.partitions.each do |partition|
partition.regions.each do |region|
region.services.each do |service_name|
puts "#{partition.name} -> #{region.name} -> #{service_name}"
end
end
end
Services
A Partition has a list of services available. You can get a single Service by name:
Aws.partition('aws').service('DynamoDB')
You can also enumerate all services in a partition:
Aws.partition('aws').services.each do |service|
puts service.name
end
Each Service object has a name, and information about regions that service is available in.
service.name #=> "DynamoDB"
service.partition_name #=> "aws"
service.regions #=> #<Set: {"us-east-1", "us-west-1", ... }
Some services have multiple regions, and others have a single partition wide region. For example, IAM has a single region in the "aws" partition. The Service#regionalized? method indicates when this is the case.
iam = Aws.partition('aws').service('IAM')
iam.regionalized? #=> false
service.partition_region #=> "us-east-1"
Its also possible to enumerate every region for every service in every partition.
Aws.partitions.each do |partition|
partition.services.each do |service|
service.regions.each do |region_name|
puts "#{partition.name} -> #{region_name} -> #{service.name}"
end
end
end
Service Names
Service names are those used by the the AWS SDK for Ruby. They correspond to the service's module.
Class Method Summary
Class Method Details
.default_list ⇒ PartitionList
154 155 156
# File 'aws-sdk-core/lib/aws-sdk-core/partitions.rb', line 154
def default_list @default_list ||= PartitionList.build(defaults) end


Definition
The process through which we interpret and organize sensory information to make sense of the world around us.
We don’t see things as they are, we see them as we are
- Anais Nin
1) Perception is shaped by our hardware (our brains)
1) Perception is shaped by our hardware
2) Our perceptual experiences can be drastically different
1) Perception is shaped by our hardware
2) Our perceptual experiences can be drastically different
3) Perception is a reconstruction of what is "out there"
Perception can be trained.
Open Monitoring
One aims to remain only in the monitoring state, attentive moment by moment to anything that occurs in experience without focusing on any explicit object.
Open Monitoring
- no explicit focus on objects
- no labeling of experience
- non-reactive awareness of automatic cognitive and emotional reactions
Pain perception study Pearlman et al, 2010
- Group 1: Focused Attention, Group 2: Open Monitoring
- Question: Are there differences in how people respond to (physical) pain depending on the type of meditation?
- "Cold pressor" task
Decrease in pain unpleasantness (but not intensity) with OM meditation
Short-term meditation study
- Group 1: Control Group 2: Integrative body–mind training
- 40 undergrads, over 3 months
- No effort to control thoughts, but instead a state of restful alertness that allows a high degree of awareness of body and breathing
Short-term meditation study
- Decreased stress response (cortisol)
- Increased self-regulation
- Increased attention
Gamma Synchrony Study (Lutz et al, 2004)
- Group 1: 8 long-term Buddhist meditators, Group 2: 10 novice meditators
- Recorded EEG before and during meditation
- Question: Do the long-term practioners show greater gamma synchrony during meditation?
Suggests that long-term meditation:
- Increases (sustained) gamma activity
- Increases synchrony between hemispheres
- More meditation experience = stronger effect
Practice open monitoring meditation for:
- Heightened perceptual awareness and acuity
- Better attention and self-regulation
- Decreased reaction to stress


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Mr. President, you are misled by fake news. #Bitcoin & #Blockchain happens to be the best chance for US! I'd love to invite you to have lunch with crypto leaders along with @WarrenBuffett on July 25. I guarantee you after this lunch, nobody will know crypto more than you! ...


Details
| Name | |
|---|---|
| UID | |
| Labels | |
| Annotations | |
| Created time |
Resource Info
| Pods CIDR | |
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System Info
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|---|
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|---|


India has a very rich tradition of classical dance and 'Abhivyaktika', the solo classical dance
competition, is a celebration of this tradition. 'Abhivyakti' translates into "articulation of one's
feelings" and in this competition, classical dancers express various emotions through dance. The
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For those who chose to define themselves through their moves; for those, who love
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ARCHER is the UK National Supercomputing Service, providing a world-class supercomputer and invaluable computational resources, consultancy and training for researchers who study problems with a global impact. Contact: Mike Jackson


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Roles
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Guidance
Provider data self assessment toolkit (PDSAT) and reports to help FE providers make accurate and complete ILR data returns.
Colleges, training organisations, local authorities and employers (further education providers) can use a number of reports and tools to test the integrity of Individualised Learner Record (ILR) data and to prepare for audit.
The user guide will help users of PDSAT v15 to perform detailed reviews of the suite of PDSAT reports for 2014 to 2015. The guide explains how the Provider Financial Management and Assurance (PFMA) team reviews all of the PDSAT reports so it will be of use to providers in preparing for a PFMA assurance review, as well as part of their routine ILR data checking procedures.
PDSAT version 17 is for analysing learner and learning data from the 2016 to 2017 funding year.
It interrogates Individualised Learner Record (ILR) data and produces reports on this data, so that providers can identify and investigate potential anomalies in the ILR data.
PDSAT version 17 will only process 2016 to 2017 ILR data for full returns. It has been designed to:
We do not require providers to use PDSAT, although you may find it useful in your routine data cleansing and helpful when preparing for assurance visits.
PDSAT version 17 has been designed to process data that has been validated through the FIS. It is recommended that all ILR errors and warnings are reviewed and corrected before the ILR file is processed in PDSAT.
PDSAT version 17 allows the user to import both FIS and ILR XML data files. Reports run from PDSAT using an ILR XML data file will not include funding.
In addition, any non-validated records will also appear in the reports.
As in previous years, updates will be made to PDSAT v17 later in the year to add the sampler functionality.
PDSAT v17 is downloaded from the link below.
All future updates to PDSAT v17 will install automatically if the user has an internet connection that allows connection to the SFA website and PDSAT download websites.
If you have any problems running PDSAT, or have any queries please contact the PDSAT helpdesk .
PDSAT version 16 is for analysing learner and learning data from the 2015 to 2016 funding year. It interrogates Individualised Learner Record (ILR) data and produces reports on this data, so that providers can identify and investigate potential anomalies in the ILR data.
PDSAT version 16 will only process 2015 to 2016 ILR data for full returns. It has been designed to:
We do not require providers to use PDSAT, although you may find it useful in your routine data cleansing and helpful when preparing for assurance visits.
PDSAT version 16 has been designed to process data that has been validated through the FIS. It is recommended that all ILR errors and warnings are reviewed and corrected before the ILR file is processed in PDSAT.
This initial version of PDSAT version 16 uses ILR XML data files. Reports run from PDSAT using an ILR XML data file will not include funding but will instead provide an indication whether funding could be expected, under column headers “Funding Flag (SFA)” or “Funding Flag (EFA)” where applicable.
Please be aware that this is an indication for funding only and may not always match with funding shown through FIS.
In addition, any non-validated records will also appear in the reports and funding may be incorrectly indicated for these records.
An update to allow PDSAT v16 to accept the FIS input (Access database) was released on Tuesday, 27 October 2015.
There is a 32 bit version and a 64 bit version of PDSAT:
Find out which version of Access you are running.
If you have any problems running PDSAT, or have any queries please contact the PDSAT helpdesk .


What is SG Kampung?
SG Kampung is the free social network being used in thousands of Constituents across Singapore, helping residents to get the best out of their local area.
There are many reasons to join SG Kampung:
Gain and share local knowledge - Recommend and discover the best things around you, from local events and attractions, a trusted service or tradie, to the best coffee in town.
Create a safer Constituent - Create a support network of local people who can keep an eye on your home or pet while you're away. Grow a stronger neighbourhood together
Buy, Sell, Borrow - Find a kids second hand bike or toy, sell an unwanted item from around your home, or borrow something handy from your neighbours.
Who started SG Kampung?
You might be wondering where it all began. Here is a note from Roy Koh, about why he started SG Kampung.
Who else is behind SG Kampung?
SG Kampung is a GA Student Project by Roy Koh for a online resident focal point in the new BTO flat he is shifting to.
SG Kampung is based in Singapore, Woodlands. It is looking towards building a team of people passionate about marrying technology with community to help build relationships between neighbours across Singapore.
Privacy
The privacy of our members is important to us. We want you to feel safe sharing information online that you would be happy to share over the fence with a neighbour.
- We ask that all members use their real name when creating their account.
- We ask that all members verify their address
- We do not share your personal information with any advertisers or third parties
- SG Kampung is protected by a password and encrypted by HTTPS
- All data is stored in Singapore and is protected under Singaporen privacy laws


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Github


Guidelines for submitting metadata regarding biosamples and their associated cases to sequence repositories.
| Field | Description | Guidance | Examples | Data Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample collection and processing |
||||
| sample_collector_sample_ID | The user-defined identifier for the sample, as provided by the laboratory that collected the sample. | The sample_ID should represent the identifier assigned to the sample at time of collection, for which all the descriptive information applies. If the original sample_ID is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | ABCD123 | None |
| alternative_sample_ID | An alternative sample_ID assigned to the sample by another organization. | Provide any alternative identifiers for the sample here, separated by commas. Alternative identifiers assigned to the sample should be tracked along with original IDs to establish chain of custody. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | bvn5567, RA1-HH789 | None |
| collected_by_institution_name | The name of the agency, organization or institution with which the sample collector is affiliated. | Provide the name of the agency, organization or institution that collected the sample in full (avoid abbreviations). If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | Public Health Agency of Canada | None |
| collected_by_laboratory_name | The specific laboratory affiliation of the sample collector. | Provide the name of the specific laboratory that collected the sample (avoid abbreviations). If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | Topp Lab | None |
| sample_collection_project_name | The name of the project/initiative/program for which the sample was collected. | Provide the name of the project and/or the project ID here. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | Watershed Project (HA-120) | None |
| sample_plan_name | The name of the study design for a surveillance project. | Provide the name of the sample plan used for sample collection. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | National Microbiological Baseline Study in Broiler Chicken | None |
| sample_plan_ID | The identifier of the study design for a surveillance project. | Provide the identifier of the sample plan used for sample collection. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | 2001_M205 | None |
| sample_collector_contact_name | The name or job title of the contact responsible for follow-up regarding the sample. | Provide the name of an individual or their job title. As personnel turnover may render the contact's name obsolete, it is more preferable to provide a job title for ensuring accuracy of information and institutional memory. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | Enterics Lab Manager | None |
| sample_collector_contact_email | The email address of the contact responsible for follow-up regarding the sample. | Provide the email associated with the listed contact. As personnel turnover may render an individual's email obsolete, it is more preferable to provide an address for a position or lab, to ensure accuracy of information and institutional memory. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| None |
| purpose_of_sampling | The purpose of sample collection. | Provide the reason for sample collection by selecting a value from the following pick list: Diagnostic testing, Surveillance, Monitoring, Clinical trial, Field experiment, Environmental testing. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | Surveillance | None |
| experimental_activity | The experimental activities or variables that affected the sample collected. | If there was experimental activity that would affect the sample prior to collection (this is different than sample processing), provide the experimental activities by selecting one or more values from the template pick list. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | Antimicrobial Pre-treatment | None |
| experimental_activity_details | The details of the experimental activities or variables that affected the sample collected. | Briefly describe the experimental details using free text. | Chicken feed containing X amount of novobiocin was fed to chickens for 72 hours prior to collection of litter. | None |
| sample_processing | The processing applied to samples post-collection, prior to further testing, characterization, or isolation procedures. | Provide the sample processing information by selecting a value from the template pick list. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | Samples pooled | None |
| geo_loc_name (country) | The country where the sample was collected. | Provide the name of the country where the sample was collected. Use the controlled vocabulary provided in the template pick list. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, provide a null value. | Canada | None |
| geo_loc_name (state/province/region) | The province/territory where the sample was collected. | Provide the name of the province/state/region where the sample was collected. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, provide a null value. | British Columbia | None |
| food_product_origin geo_loc_name (country) | The country of origin of a food product. | If a food product was sampled and the food product was manufactured outside of Canada, provide the name of the country where the food product originated by selecting a value from the template pick list. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | United States of America | None |
| host_origin geo_loc_name (country) | The country of origin of the host. | If a sample is from a human or animal host that originated from outside of Canada, provide the the name of the country where the host originated by selecting a value from the template pick list. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | South Africa | None |
| latitude_of_sample_collection | The latitude coordinates of the geographical location of sample collection. | If known, provide the degrees latitude. Do NOT simply provide latitude of the institution if this is not where the sample was collected, nor the centre of the city/region where the sample was collected as this falsely implicates an existing geographical location and creates data inaccuracies. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | 38.98 N | None |
| longitude_of_sample_collection | The longitude coordinates of the geographical location of sample collection. | If known, provide the degrees longitude. Do NOT simply provide longitude of the institution if this is not where the sample was collected, nor the centre of the city/region where the sample was collected as this falsely implicates an existing geographical location and creates data inaccuracies. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | 77.11 W | None |
| sample_collection_date | The date on which the sample was collected. | Provide the date according to the ISO 8601 standard "YYYY-MM-DD", "YYYY-MM" or "YYYY". | 2020-10-30 | None |
| sample_received_date | The date on which the sample was received by the laboratory. | Provide the date according to the ISO 8601 standard "YYYY-MM-DD", "YYYY-MM" or "YYYY". | 2020-11-15 | None |
| original_sample_description | The original sample description provided by the sample collector. | Provide the sample description provided by the original sample collector. The original description is useful as it may provide further details, or can be used to clarify higher level classifications. | RTE Prosciutto from deli | None |
| environmental_site | An environmental site is a location in the natural or built environment. | If applicable, provide the standardized term and ontology ID for the environmental site. The standardized term can be sourced from these look-up services: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/envo or https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/genepio. | contact surface, production facility, floor drain, hatchery. | None |
| animal_or_plant_population | The type of animal or plant population inhabiting an area. | This field should be used when a sample is taken from an environmental location inhabited by many individuals of a specific type, rather than describing a sample taken from one particular host. If applicable, provide the standardized term and ontology ID for the animal or plant population name. The standardized term can be sourced from this look-up service: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/genepio. If not applicable, leave blank. | turkey | None |
| environmental_material | A substance or object obtained from the natural or man-made environment . | If applicable, provide the standardized term and ontology ID for the environmental material. The standardized term can be sourced from these look-up services: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/envo or https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/genepio. If not applicable, leave blank. | soil, water, sewage, tractor | None |
| body_product | A substance excreted/secreted from an organism. | If applicable, provide the standardized term and ontology ID for the body product. The standardized term can be sourced from this look-up service: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/uberon. If not applicable, leave blank. | feces, urine, sweat. | None |
| anatomical_part | A substance obtained from an anatomical part of an organism. | If applicable, provide the standardized term and ontology ID for the anatomical material. The standardized term can be sourced from this look-up service: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/uberon. If not applicable, leave blank. | tissue, blood | None |
| food_product | A material consumed and digested for nutritional value or enjoyment. | This field includes animal feed. If applicable, provide the standardized term and ontology ID for the anatomical material. The standardized term can be sourced from this look-up service: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/foodon. If not applicable, leave blank. | feather and bone meal, chicken breast | None |
| food_product_properties | Any characteristic of the food product pertaining to its state, processing, a label claim, or implications for consumers. | Provide any characteristics of the food product including whether it has been cooked, processed, preserved, any known information about its state (e.g. raw, ready-to-eat), any known information about its containment (e.g. canned), and any information about a label claim (e.g. organic, fat-free). | smoked, chopped, ready-to-eat | None |
| animal_source_of_food | The animal from which the food product was derived. | Provide the common name of the animal. If not applicable, leave blank. Multiple entries can be provided, separated by a comma. | chicken | None |
| food_packaging | The type of packaging used to contain a food product. | If known, provide information regarding how the food product was packaged. | box, tray | None |
| collection_device | The instrument or container used to collect the sample. | This field includes animal feed. If applicable, provide the standardized term and ontology ID for the anatomical material. The standardized term can be sourced from this look-up service: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/genepio. If not applicable, leave blank. | swab | None |
| collection_method | The process used to collect the sample. | If applicable, provide the standardized term and ontology ID for the anatomical material. The standardized term can be sourced from this look-up service: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/genepio. If not applicable, leave blank. | phlebotomy, necropsy, rinsing | None |
Host information |
||||
| host (common name) | The commonly used name of the host. | If the sample is directly from a host, either a common or scientific name must be provided (although both can be included, if known). If known, provide the common name. | cow, chicken, human | None |
| host (scientific name) | The scientific name of the host. | If the sample is directly from a host, either a common or scientific name must be provided (although both can be included, if known). If known, provide the scientific name. The standardized term can be sourced from this look-up service: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/ncbitaxon. | Bos taurus, Homo sapiens | None |
| host_disease | The name of the disease experienced by the host. | This field is only required if the Pathogen.cl package was selected. If the host was sick, provide the name of the disease.The standardized term can be sourced from this look-up service: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/doid If the disease is not known, put “missing”. | mastitis, gastroenteritis | None |
Strain and isolation information |
||||
| microbiological_method | The laboratory method used to grow, prepare, and/or isolate the microbial isolate. | Provide the name and version number of the microbiological method. The ID of the method is also acceptable if the ID can be linked to the laboratory that created the procedure. | MFHPB-30 | None |
| strain | The strain identifier. | If the isolate represents or is derived from, a lab reference strain or strain from a type culture collection, provide the strain identifier. | K12 | None |
| isolate_ID | The user-defined identifier for the isolate, as provided by the laboratory that originally isolated the isolate. | Provide the isolate_ID created by the lab that first isolated the isolate (i.e. the original isolate ID). If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. If only an alternate isolate ID is known (e.g. the ID from your lab, if your lab did not isolate the isolate from the original sample), make asure to include it in the alternative_isolate_ID field. | SA20131043 | None |
| alternative_isolate_ID | An alternative isolate_ID assigned to the isolate by another organization. | If one or more alternative isolate_IDs are available, record them all here, separated by a comma. | PHAC_45678 | None |
| progeny_isolate_ID | The identifier assigned to a progenitor isolate derived from an isolate that was directly obtained from a sample. | If your sequence data pertains to progeny of an original isolate, provide the progeny_isolate_ID. | SUB_ON_1526 | None |
| IRIDA_isolate_ID | The identifier of the isolate in the IRIDA platform. | Provide the "sample ID" used to track information linked to the isolate in IRIDA. IRIDA sample IDs should be unqiue to avoid ID clash. This is very important in large Projects, especially when samples are shared from different organizations. Download the IRIDA sample ID and add it to the sample data in your spreadsheet as part of good data management practices. | GRDI_LL_12345 | None |
| IRIDA_project_ID | The identifier of the Project in the iRIDA platform. | Provide the IRIDA "project ID". | 666 | None |
| isolated_by_institution_name | The name of the agency, organization or institution with which the individual who performed the isolation procedure is affiliated. | Provide the name of the agency, organization or institution that isolated the original isolate in full (avoid abbreviations). If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | Public Health Agency of Canada | None |
| isolated_by_laboratory_name | The specific laboratory affiliation of the individual who performed the isolation procedure. | Provide the name of the specific laboratory that that isolated the original isolate (avoid abbreviations). If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | Topp Lab | None |
| isolated_by_contact_name | The name or title of the contact responsible for follow-up regarding the isolate. | Provide the name of an individual or their job title. As personnel turnover may render the contact's name obsolete, it is prefereable to provide a job title for ensuring accuracy of information and institutional memory. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | Enterics Lab Manager | None |
| isolated_by_contact_email | The email address of the contact responsible for follow-up regarding the isolate. | Provide the email associated with the listed contact. As personnel turnover may render an individual's email obsolete, it is more prefereable to provide an address for a position or lab, to ensure accuracy of information and institutional memory. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| None |
| isolation_date | The date on which the isolate was isolated from a sample. | Provide the date according to the ISO 8601 standard "YYYY-MM-DD", "YYYY-MM" or "YYYY". | 2020-10-30 | None |
| isolate_received_date | The date on which the isolate was received by the laboratory. | Provide the date according to the ISO 8601 standard "YYYY-MM-DD", "YYYY-MM" or "YYYY". | 2020-11-15 | None |
| organism | The taxonomic name of the organism. | Put the genus and species (and subspecies if applicable) of the bacteria, if known. The standardized term can be sourced from this look-up service: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/ncbitaxon. | Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica | None |
| serovar | The serovar of the organism. | Only include this information if it has been determined by traditional serological methods or a validated in silico prediction tool e.g. SISTR. | Heidelberg | None |
| serotyping_method | The method used to determine the serovar. | If the serovar was determined via traditional serotyping methods, put “Traditional serotyping”. If the serovar was determined via in silico methods, provide the name and version number of the software. | SISTR 1.0.1 | None |
| phagetype | The phagetype of the organism. | Provide if known. If unknown, put “missing”. | 47 | None |
Sequence information |
||||
| library_ID | The identifier of the library sequenced. | Every "library ID" from a single submitter must be unique. It can have any format, but we suggest that you make it concise, unique and consistent within your lab, and as informative as possible. | LS_2010_NP_123446 | None |
| sequenced_by_institution_name | The name of the agency, organization or institution responsible for sequencing the isolate's genome. | Provide the name of the agency, organization or institution that performed the sequencing in full (avoid abbreviations). If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | Public Health Agency of Canada | None |
| sequenced_by_laboratory_name | The specific laboratory affiliation of the responsible for sequencing the isolate's genome. | Provide the name of the specific laboratory that that performed the sequencing in full (avoid abbreviations). If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | Topp Lab | None |
| sequenced_by_contact_name | The name or title of the contact responsible for follow-up regarding the sequence. | Provide the name of an individual or their job title. As personnel turnover may render the contact's name obsolete, it is more prefereable to provide a job title for ensuring accuracy of information and institutional memory. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | Enterics Lab Manager | None |
| sequenced_by_contact_email | The email address of the contact responsible for follow-up regarding the sequence. | Provide the email associated with the listed contact. As personnel turnover may render an individual's email obsolete, it is more prefereable to provide an address for a position or lab, to ensure accuracy of information and institutional memory. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| None |
| purpose_of_sequencing | The purpose of sequencing. | Provide the reason for sequencing by selecting a value from the following pick list: Diagnostic testing, Surveillance, Monitoring, Clinical trial, Field experiment, Environmental testing. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | Research | None |
| sequencing_project_name | The name of the project/initiative/program for which sequencing was performed. | Provide the name of the project and/or the project ID here. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | AMR-GRDI (PA-1356) | None |
| sequencing_platform | The platform technology used to perform the sequencing. | Provide the name of the company that created the sequencing instrument by selecting a value from the template pick list. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | Illumina | None |
| sequencing_instrument | The instrument type used to perform the sequencing. | Provide the model sequencing instrument by selecting a value from the template pick list. If the information is unknown or cannot be provided, leave blank or provide a null value. | MiSeq | None |
| sequencing_method | The protocol or method used for sequencing. | Provide the name and version of the procedure or protocol used for sequencing. You can also provide a link to a protocol online. | https://www.protocols.io/view/ncov-2019-sequencing-protocol-bbmuik6w?version_warning=no | None |
| r1_fastq_filename | The user-specified filename of the r1 FASTQ file. | Provide the r1 FASTQ filename. | ABC123_S1_L001_R1_001.fastq.gz | None |
| r1_fastq_filename | The user-specified filename of the r2 FASTQ file. | Provide the r2 FASTQ filename. | ABC123_S1_L001_R2_001.fastq.gz | None |
| fast5_filename | The user-specified filename of the FAST5 file. | Provide the FAST5 filename. | batch1a_sequences.fast5 | None |
| assembly_filename | The user-defined filename of the FASTA file. | Provide the FASTA filename. | pathogenassembly123.fasta | None |
Public repository information |
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| publication_ID | The identifier for a publication. | If the isolate is associated with a published work which can provide additional information, provide the PubMed identifier of the publication. Other types of identifiers (e.g. DOI) are also acceptable. | PMID: 33205991 | None |
| attribute_package | The attribute package used to structure metadata in an INSDC BioSample. | If the sample is from a specific human or animal, put “Pathogen.cl”. If the sample is from an environmental sample including food, feed, production facility, farm, water source, manure etc, put “Pathogen.env”. | Pathogen.env | None |
| biosample_accession | The identifier assigned to a BioSample in INSDC archives. | Store the accession returned from the BioSample submission. NCBI BioSamples will have the prefix SAMN, whileEMBL- EBI BioSamples will have the prefix SAMEA. | SAMN14180202 | None |
| SRA_accession | The Sequence Read Archive (SRA), European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) or DDBJ Sequence Read Archive (DRA) identifier linking raw read data, methodological metadata and quality control metrics submitted to the INSDC. | Store the accession assigned to the submitted "run". NCBI-SRA accessions start with SRR, EBI-ENA runs start with ERR and DRA accessions start with DRR. | SRR11177792 | None |
| GenBank_accession | The GenBank/ENA/DDBJ identifier assigned to the sequence in the INSDC archives. | Store the accession returned from a GenBank/ENA/DDBJ submission. | MN908947.3 | None |
Risk assessment information |
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| prevalence_metrics | Metrics regarding the prevalence of the pathogen of interest obtained from a surveillance project. | Risk assessment requires detailed information regarding the quantities of a pathogen in a specified location, commodity, or environment. As such, it is useful for risk assessors to know what types of information are available through documented methods and results. Provide the metric types that are available in the surveillance project sample plan by selecting them from the pick list. The metrics of interest are " Number of total samples collected", "Number of positive samples", "Average count of hazard organism", "Average count of indicator organism". You do not need to provide the actual values, just indicate that the information is available. | Number of total samples collected, Number of positive samples | None |
| prevalence_metrics_details | The details pertaining to the prevalence metrics from a surveillance project. | If there are details pertaining to samples or organism counts in the sample plan that might be informative, provide details using free text. | Hazard organism counts (i.e. Salmonella) do not distinguish between serovars. | None |
| stage_of_production | The stage of food production. | Provide the stage of food production from which the sample was taken. Select a value form the pick list provided. | abattoir | None |
| experimental_intervention | The category of the experimental intervention applied in the food production system. | In some surveys, a particular intervention in the food supply chain in studied. If there was an intervention specified in the sample plan, select the intervention category from the pick list provided. | Vaccination | None |
| experiment_intervention_details | The details of the experimental intervention applied in the food production system. | If an experimental intervention was applied in the survey, provide details in this field as free text. | None | |
Antimicrobial resistance |
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| AMR_laboratory_typing_method | Type of method used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. | “MIC”, “agar dilution”, “disk diffusion”, or “missing” | MIC | None |
| AMR_laboratory_typing_platform | The brand/platform used for antibiotic susceptibility testing | “Microscan”, “Phoenix”, “Sensititre”, or “Vitek” | Sensititre | None |
| AMR_laboratory_typing_platform_version | The specific name and version of the plate, panel, or other platform used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. | Any additional information about the nature of the antimicrobial susceptibility test can go in this field. | CMV3AGNF | None |
| AMR_measurement_units | Units used for measuring antibiotic susceptibility | “mg/L” or “mm” | mg/L | None |
| amoxicillin-clavulanic_acid_resistance_phenotype | Antimicrobial resistance phenotype, as determined by the antibiotic susceptibility measurement and testing standard for this antibiotic | “resistant”, “susceptible”, “intermediate”, “nonsusceptible”, “suceptible-dose dependent”, or “not defined” | sensitive | None |
| amoxicillin-clavulanic_acid_measurement_sign | Qualifier associated with the antibiotic susceptibility measurement | “<”, “<=”, “==”, “>=”, or “>". If the susceptibility measurement for this antibiotic and for this sample is exact, use “==”. | #ERROR! | None |
| amoxicillin-clavulanic_acid_measurement | Antibiotic susceptibility measurement, measured in the units specified in the “AMR_measurement_units” field. | This field should only contain a number (either an integer or a number with decimals). | 4 | None |
| ampicillin_resistance_phenotype | CLSI | None | ||
| ampicillin_measurement_sign | M100 | None | ||
| ampicillin_measurement | 27th ed. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2017. | None | ||
| azithromycin_resistance_phenotype | 8 | None | ||
| azithromycin_measurement_sign | 16 | None | ||
| azithromycin_measurement | 32 | None | ||
| cefoxitin_resistance_phenotype | None | |||
| cefoxitin_measurement_sign | None | |||
| cefoxitin_measurement | None | |||
| ceftriaxone_resistance_phenotype | None | |||
| ceftriaxone_measurement_sign | None | |||
| ceftriaxone_measurement | None | |||
| chloramphenicol_resistance_phenotype | None | |||
| chloramphenicol_measurement_sign | None | |||
| chloramphenicol_measurement | None | |||
| ciprofloxacin_resistance_phenotype | None | |||
| ciprofloxacin_measurement_sign | None | |||
| ciprofloxacin_measurement | None | |||
| gentamicin_resistance_phenotype | None | |||
| gentamicin_measurement_sign | None | |||
| gentamicin_measurement | None | |||
| meropenem_resistance_phenotype | None | |||
| meropenem_measurement_sign | None | |||
| meropenem_measurement | None | |||
| nalidixic_acid_resistance_phenotype | None | |||
| nalidixic_acid_measurement_sign | None | |||
| nalidixic_acid_measurement | None | |||
| streptomycin_resistance_phenotype | None | |||
| streptomycin_measurement_sign | None | |||
| streptomycin_measurement | None | |||
| sulfisoxazole_resistance_phenotype | None | |||
| sulfisoxazole_measurement_sign | None | |||
| sulfisoxazole_measurement | None | |||
| tetracycline_resistance_phenotype | None | |||
| tetracycline_measurement_sign | None | |||
| tetracycline_measurement | None | |||
| amoxicillin-clavulanic_acid_testing_standard | Testing standard used for determination of resistance phenotype | “CLSI”, “NARMS”, “BSAC”, “DIN”, “EUCAST”, “NCCLS”, “SFM”, “SIR”, “WRG”, or “missing” | None | |
| amoxicillin-clavulanic_acid_testing_standard_version | Version number associated with the testing standard used for determination of resistance phenotype | If applicable, include a version number for the testing standard used. | None | |
| amoxicillin-clavulanic_acid_testing_standard_details | Additional details associated with the testing standard used for determination of resistance phenotype | This information may include the year or location where the testing standard was published. If not applicable, leave blank. | None | |
| amoxicillin-clavulanic_acid_susceptible_breakpoint | Maximum measurement, in the units specified in the “AMR_measurement_units” field, for a sample to be considered “sensitive” to this antibiotic | This field should only contain a number (either an integer or a number with decimals), since the “<=” qualifier is implied. | None | |
| amoxicillin-clavulanic_acid_intermediate_breakpoint | Intermediate measurement(s), in the units specified in the “AMR_measurement_units” field, where a sample would be considered to have an “intermediate” phenotype for this antibiotic | None | ||
| amoxicillin-clavulanic_acid_resistant_breakpoint | Minimum measurement, in the units specified in the “AMR_measurement_units” field, for a sample to be considered “resistant” to this antibiotic | This field should only contain a number (either an integer or a number with decimals), since the “>=” qualifier is implied. | None | |
| ampicillin_testing_standard | None | |||
| ampicillin_testing_standard_version | None | |||
| ampicillin_testing_standard_details | None | |||
| ampicillin_susceptible_breakpoint | None | |||
| ampicillin_intermediate_breakpoint | None | |||
| ampicillin_resistant_breakpoint | None | |||
| azithromycin_testing_standard | None | |||
| azithromycin_testing_standard_version | None | |||
| azithromycin_testing_standard_details | None | |||
| azithromycin_susceptible_breakpoint | None | |||
| azithromycin_intermediate_breakpoint | None | |||
| azithromycin_resistant_breakpoint | None | |||
| cefoxitin_testing_standard | None | |||
| cefoxitin_testing_standard_version | None | |||
| cefoxitin_testing_standard_details | None | |||
| cefoxitin_susceptible_breakpoint | None | |||
| cefoxitin_intermediate_breakpoint | None | |||
| cefoxitin_resistant_breakpoint | None | |||
| ceftriaxone_testing_standard | None | |||
| ceftriaxone_testing_standard_version | None | |||
| ceftriaxone_testing_standard_details | None | |||
| ceftriaxone_susceptible_breakpoint | None | |||
| ceftriaxone_intermediate_breakpoint | None | |||
| ceftriaxone_resistant_breakpoint | None | |||
| chloramphenicol_testing_standard | None | |||
| chloramphenicol_testing_standard_version | None | |||
| chloramphenicol_testing_standard_details | None | |||
| chloramphenicol_susceptible_breakpoint | None | |||
| chloramphenicol_intermediate_breakpoint | None | |||
| chloramphenicol_resistant_breakpoint | None | |||
| ciprofloxacin_testing_standard | None | |||
| ciprofloxacin_testing_standard_version | None | |||
| ciprofloxacin_testing_standard_details | None | |||
| ciprofloxacin_susceptible_breakpoint | None | |||
| ciprofloxacin_intermediate_breakpoint | None | |||
| ciprofloxacin_resistant_breakpoint | None | |||
| gentamicin_testing_standard | None | |||
| gentamicin_testing_standard_version | None | |||
| gentamicin_testing_standard_details | None | |||
| gentamicin_susceptible_breakpoint | None | |||
| gentamicin_intermediate_breakpoint | None | |||
| gentamicin_resistant_breakpoint | None | |||
| meropenem_testing_standard | None | |||
| meropenem_testing_standard_version | None | |||
| meropenem_testing_standard_details | None | |||
| meropenem_susceptible_breakpoint | None | |||
| meropenem_intermediate_breakpoint | None | |||
| meropenem_resistant_breakpoint | None | |||
| nalidixic_acid_testing_standard | None | |||
| nalidixic_acid_testing_standard_version | None | |||
| nalidixic_acid_testing_standard_details | None | |||
| nalidixic_acid_susceptible_breakpoint | None | |||
| nalidixic_acid_intermediate_breakpoint | None | |||
| nalidixic_acid_resistant_breakpoint | None | |||
| streptomycin_testing_standard | None | |||
| streptomycin_testing_standard_version | None | |||
| streptomycin_testing_standard_details | None | |||
| streptomycin_susceptible_breakpoint | None | |||
| streptomycin_intermediate_breakpoint | None | |||
| streptomycin_resistant_breakpoint | None | |||
| sulfisoxazole_testing_standard | None | |||
| sulfisoxazole_testing_standard_version | None | |||
| sulfisoxazole_testing_standard_details | None | |||
| sulfisoxazole_susceptible_breakpoint | None | |||
| sulfisoxazole_intermediate_breakpoint | None | |||
| sulfisoxazole_resistant_breakpoint | None | |||
| tetracycline_testing_standard | None | |||
| tetracycline_testing_standard_version | None | |||
| tetracycline_testing_standard_details | None | |||
| tetracycline_susceptible_breakpoint | None | |||
| tetracycline_intermediate_breakpoint | None | |||
| tetracycline_resistant_breakpoint | None |


Software Engineer with over 7 years of experience developing complex systems in Linux, Windows and Mac OS X environments.
Extensive experience with C, C++11/17 and Python, having developed console tools, mobile applications and desktop applications (wxWidget and Qt5). Solid experience in network programming, scripting, multi-threaded programming, profiling, debugging and static code analysis.


Harambee Starlets, Coach David Ouma Land Prestigious CAF Awards Nominations
by Bonface OsanoKenya women’s national team, the Harambee Starlets, have for the second time landed the prestigious CAF Awards nomination.
Starlets have been nominated in the National Team of The Year category.
The team’s coach David Ouma on the other hand has been nominated for the Coach of The Year Award category.
The awards are scheduled for 7-January-2020 in Egypt.
Starlets, who yesterday reached the final of the Cecafa Women’s Championship in Tanzania, will be up against South Africa, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Cameroon and Zambia for the coveted gong.
The team enjoyed a good run this year, reaching the penultimate stage of the 2020 Olympics qualifiers.
Ouma on his part will face competition from Alan Djumfa (Cameroon), Bruce Mwape (Zambia), Clementine Toure (Ivory Coast), Desiree Ellis (SA) and Thomas Dennerby of Nigeria.


Meet Alfred, the AI chatbot that learns and answers questions about anything. Just give him a piece of text and watch him learn!
Github Repo
# You will need to have Python 3 and Pip installed
$ git clone https://github.com/ianramzy/ai-chatbot.git
$ cd ai-chatbot
$ pip install -r requirements.txt
# Paste desired text into alfred-knowledge-base.txt
$ python3 alfred.py
With an estimated 30% of all online interactions through chatbots, automated interactions are the future. I wanted to build a bot that could take in any piece of text and then answer questions about it.
Alfred will train and learn from any text file you provide and then let your query him about the text. When you ask a question he will search for similar concepts in the text and then look for a statement structure to extract and return. In essence he learns a text and lets you ask questions about it!
The application is built in python using NLTK.
I would like to refine the capabilities of Alfred as well as develop a web application surrounding the technology. Specifically I would like to make improvements on the current level of entity linking present.
Another project by Ian Ramzy