When you think about Antarctica what image comes to mind? Many think of the continent as being covered in snow topped mountains like the Swiss Alps. The truth is much of the interior ice surface is flat and several kms (miles) thick. But the shape and elevation of the land under the ice surface is extremely varied containing high mountains, deep valleys and sections of land that are deeper than ocean sea level. It is around the coastal edges of Antarctica that the depressions and features under the ice are critically important.
Why do we care about what is under the ice? Scientists have been studying a series of important questions about the relationship between the ice, the land underneath, and the ocean around Antarctica. These include: How much of the ice is resting on the land above sea level and how much is on land below sea level? How stable is the grounding lines? How quickly can ice move from the land to the ocean? And is there a critical 'tipping point'? The shape, depth, and overall character of the bed reveal many things about the history of the ice sheets. We can learn about the ice sheet during previous glacial advances, by looking at the bathymetry seaward of its present day ice limit, when the ice sheet was larger extending further out than today. Under the present day ice, where we find such recognizable terrestrial features as canyons, mountains, and terraces, lie clues to past interglacial periods when there was much less ice in Antarctica than in present day.
threshold that when reached changes the entire system to a new state
What features can we find hidden under the ice? Underneath the seemingly tranquil ice that covers Antarctica lies a complex and varied terrain with subglacial mountain ranges including the Gamburtsev Mountains that are larger than the entire New York state, deep trenches and old river valleys cut into the coastal regions, several hundred subglacial lakes throughout the continent including Lake Vostok the size of Lake Ontario, and in West Antarctica alone close to 150 volcanoes. Some of these landscape features predate the ice cover on Antarctica, some 34 million years ago, but most of the landscape has been molded and altered by the glacial cycles.
found fully beneath the ice
Features that are formed by ice are termed 'glacio-morphological' with glacio referring to the ice and morphological referring to the surface shape. The age of the Antarctic ice sheet means the land has been worked and reworked by the ice through time as it carves, drags and pulls over it, overprinting earlier landscape features. The slow movement of thick ice carves deep U shaped features into the land as it moves. The influence of plate tectonics can also be seen in the Antarctic bedrock gouged like scars left behind from the breakup of the Gondwana supercontinent. In Antarctica where these deep trenches exist (like under Thwaites and Pine Island Glaciers) they provide a way for warming ocean water to move under the ice deep into the interior of the ice sheet, increasing ice melt. If the entire Antarctic ice sheet were to melt, it would be the equivalent of 60 m of sea level rise.
One of a series of supercontinents that formed early in Earth's history
200 feet
Why is the Thwaites Region so important to study? Although Antarctica is one continent it is made up of two different regions separated into West and East Antarctica by the Transantarctic Mountains. West Antarctica, where we find the Antarctic Peninsula, is primarily an ice covered archipelago. Ice in this area measures up to 2500 m thick. You can use the app to explore what the surface is like when the ice is removed. Some sections of land in West Antarctica are pushed down to as much as 2000 m below sea level. The weight of the ice sheet pushes down on the crust to make it sit lower than it would in an ice free world, increasing the area where rock is below sea level. West Antarctica holds the equivalent of 6 m of sea level rise, with Thwaites glacier alone holding 2/3 of a meter. East Antarctica is a much older and larger section of land. Ice in the East Antarctic interior measures up to 4100 m thick and holds enough ice to raise sea level 55 m considerably more than any other source on Earth. The crust under East Antarctica is thicker than West Antarctica, and so the average elevation is higher, although parts still reach below sea level.
series of islands
What should we look for in the map? On the map shown here the deep blue and purple colors show areas that are very deep, mostly off the continental shelf in the ocean collected from shipborne multi-beam sonar. Cyan and light blue colors are areas on the continental shelf and relatively deep channels under the ice, continuing inland from the grounding lines. Some of these inland channels reach over 2000 m below sea level. The yellow and red colors show the highest topography. These can be either large mountain ranges hidden for millions of years under several miles of ice, such as the Gamburtsev Mountains in the radar image below, or a ridgeline of mountains exposed above the ice, such as the Trans Antarctic Mountains. Notice that the deep channels in the bed align with fast flowing ice in the velocity map in the Speed of ice flow map in the App.
How can we use the app? Areas below sea level are easy to identify using the color scale in the app. For this exploration you may wish to to turn off the ITGC projects in the upper left of the app in the options below the +/-. Click around in the app, what is the deepest location in the Thwaites catchment? Can you find a deep pathway for water to move from the coastline into the deep interior of West Antarctica? What do you think might be the impact of ocean water moving in on this pathway? Explore more broadly the Amundsen Sea region that also holds Pine Island and other neighboring glaciers.
If the ice sheet were to melt, these depressed areas of land would elevate slowly over thousands of years as the weight is removed and the crust rebounds. Presently, this same type of rebound is occurring in other parts of the earth where ice has receded. It is most pronounced in the northern hemisphere in the Great Lakes and Canada's Hudson Bay regions and in Scandinavia, where thousands of years have passed since they were covered by their own ice sheets, the Laurentide and Fennoscandia respectively.
8202.1 feet
6561.68 feet
20 feet
13451.44 feet
180 feet
negative
How was the data collected? The map of the Antarctic bed is created using different methods/instruments that allowed imaging through the ice, to determine the topography under the ice sheets, and imaging through the water to determine the bathymetry under the ocean. Over the open ocean, research vessels use multi-beam echo-sounders, a type of sonar, to map details around the edges and the continental shelf around the ice sheets. For ice sitting on bedrock, radar can detect the bed measuring ice depth. Similar to the radar used in weather monitoring and in traffic enforcement, electromagnetic energy is transmitted into the ice, and energy bounces back when it hits a reflective layer like the bed. The distance to the reflecting surface can be calculated by knowing the speed of light in the ice and the signal delay. However, liquid water is a poor conductor of this energy, thus where ice is floating the radar will move through the ice, but not travel through the water to detect the bedrock below. Much of Antarctica's coastline includes extensive areas where the front edge of the ice sheet has gone afloat, called ice shelves. To map the area under these large blocks of attached ice is challenging as ship sonar can't do it and radar can't image through water. Traditionally, gravity has been used. However, the International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration has projects that include new methods for collecting depth measurements under the ice, a submarine style robot, a diving glider and even instrumented seals. Each new measurement will give us new information about the bathymetry under the ice shelf.
depth of water
8202.1 feet
6561.68 feet
20 feet
13451.44 feet
180 feet
negative
the edge of where the ice moves from being frozen to the bed to floating
6,562 feet
Why are researchers interested in this data? Researchers are focused on the shape and depths of bedrock underneath the ice sheet for many reasons. As shown in the Speed of Ice Flow map in the App, ice flows downhill under its own weight and deeper channels cause faster ice flow. The shape of the land under the ice determines how much interaction there is between the ocean, ice shelves and glaciers. Where the bed under the ice sheet deepens inland from the grounding line the area is considered unstable, and is able to retreat rapidly inland. Additionally, if there is more melt at the grounding line, than new ice being formed the ice sheet can retreat from its present day position.
Data Source


A prototype of a glove capable of accepting analog readings from the movements from the various dynamic movements of the human hand and draw things on a digital canvas.
Blueprints
The degree in which fingers were bent became responsible for attributes like color(r,g,b) and size of the drawing tool. Gestures/motions in air became responsible for the direction of the cursor on the digital screen.
thumb = map(blue.analogRead(7), 300, 450, 0, 10);
index = map(blue.analogRead(6), 300, 450, 30, 1);
middle = map(blue.analogRead(5), 300, 450, 0, 255);
ring = map(blue.analogRead(4), 300, 450, 0, 255);
little = map(blue.analogRead(3), 300, 450, 0, 255);
thumb = constrain(thumb, 0, 10);
index = constrain(index, 1, 30);
middle = constrain(middle, 0, 255);
ring = constrain(ring, 0, 255);
little = constrain(little, 0, 255);
stroke(middle, ring, little);
strokeWeight(index);
Execution
The degree in which fingers were bent became responsible for attributes like color(r,g,b) and size of the drawing tool. Gestures/motions in air became responsible for the direction of the cursor on the digital screen.
User Testing
The degree in which fingers were bent became responsible for attributes like color(r,g,b) and size of the drawing tool. Gestures/motions in air became responsible for the direction of the cursor on the digital screen.


would be nice to be able to view all dog tag that you take, because I would like to know the exact amount taken him to my friends and they have taken my me like Bad Company 2, I believe that this update is very important
thanks!!
BrainFooLong
Administrator
Hi, dogtag improvements are minor things.
So, noticed, but it could take some time to include.
Greetz


Etch-A-Sketch
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Boise State's Harsin earns extension with win
Boise State coach Bryan Harsin earned a one-year contract extension after his team’s 20-17 overtime win against Wyoming on Saturday night.
Under the terms of his contract, Harsin receives the extension each season in which the team wins eight games. The Broncos are 8-1.
The extension adds $2.25 million to his contract, which now expires Jan. 10, 2025, USA Today reported.
The 43-year-old Harsin, a former Boise State quarterback, is in his sixth season as head coach. He was offensive coordinator under former coach Chris Petersen for five seasons, then spent two seasons as the offensive coordinator at Texas before becoming head coach at Arkansas State in 2013.
He posted a 7-5 record in one season at Arkansas State and is 60-16 at Boise State.
—Field Level Media


Send a HTTP POST request with CSV data and have it returned as a JSON object to use in your web projects. 5MB request size limit.
Use the /convert endpoint and set a header for Content-Type: text/plain
/convert
Content-Type: text/plain
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All XSEED Games On Switch And 3DS Are Now On Sale, Up To 50% Off (North America)
Celebrating 15 years of localisation
by Liam DoolanXSEED Games has slashed the prices of its games on the Switch and 3DS eShop in North America to celebrate 15 years of localising and publishing titles within this region. There are plenty of options across both systems, and "most" games are up to 50 percent off, according to the official press release.
This sale runs from now until 7th November. Here's a full rundown, courtesy of Nintendo Everything:
| Switch eShop | Sale Price | Standard Price |
| BurgerTime Party! | $17.99 | $19.99 |
| Corpse Party: Blood Drive | $17.99 | $19.99 |
| Fate/Extella: The Umbral Star | $24.99 | $49.99 |
| Fate/Extella: Link | $24.99 | $49.99 |
| Freedom Planet | $7.49 | $14.99 |
| Gal Metal | $9.99 | $19.99 |
| Senran Kagura: Peach Ball | $29.99 | $39.99 |
| Senran Kagura: Reflextions | $6.99 | $9.99 |
| 3DS eShop | Sale Price | Standard Price |
| Corpse Party | $14.99 | $29.99 |
| Lord of Magna: Maiden Heaven | $9.99 | $19.99 |
| Return to PopoloCroise | $9.99 | $19.99 |
| Rune Factory 4 | $20.99 | $34.99 |
| Senran Kagura 2: Deep Crimson | $14.99 | $29.99 |
| Senran Kagura Burst | $9.99 | $19.99 |
| Story of Seasons | $17.99 | $29.99 |
| Unchained Blades | $7.49 | $14.99 |
As part of the anniversary celebrations, XSEED Games will also be posting "never before shared insights" throughout the month of November, to give fans a look at behind-the-scenes operations. Keep an eye on the company's social channels for this content, as well as livestreams, giveaways and other promotional activities.
Here's what the president and CEO Ken Berry had to say about this milestone (from the PR):
It’s been an amazing 15 years for us, filled with a lot of memorable games that we’ve been able to share with our awesome fans. From the start, it was critical that we serve the needs of the community, so I’m proud that throughout the years, we’ve maintained our mission of being focused on them, as our successes and growth comes from them. Here’s to many more years of sharing games we love.
Will you be buying any games during this sale? Comment below.


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| Link | www |
| Query String | www (broken) |
| Path & Query | www (working) |
| URI | www |
| URI Double | www |
| URI Single | www |
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| Single Quote attribute injection |
{{.Text}} Regular text
{{.Tag}} Tag injection
Link www
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{{end}}


Fundamental reform will take a statute. We count five proposals that qualify as fundamental reform. We are working for a majority in Congress committed to at least one of those five. When we reach that majority, then fundamental reform will be feasible. When it is feasible, the politicians will take it up.
Government By the People Act The Government by the People Act is a proposed bill to reform the campaign finance system, introduced into the House by 2014 by John Sarbanes (D-MD). A companion bill, the Fair Elections Now Act, was also introduced into the Senate.
The American Anticorruption Act Fundamental lobbying reform, and funding for small dollar funded campaigns American Anti-Corruption Act (AACA) is a piece of model legislation originally crafted in 2011 by a bi-partisan team lead by former Federal Election
Political Money Reform Proposal Jim Rubens’ Political Money Reform Proposal suggests that each voter be given a $50 tax rebate voucher usable to fund congressional candidates, that all contributions over $200 be immediately searchable, and that all political.
Empowering Citizens Act is federal public financing legislation modeled on New York City’s small donor matching fund program. It aims to amplify the voices of small donors in congressional and presidential elections by matching contributions up to $250 with public funds at a 5-1 ratio. It encourages candidates to run grassroots-oriented campaigns by cutting contribution limits in half for candidates who choose to accept public funding.
Taxation Only With Representation Act The Taxation Only With Representation Act proposes that each taxpayer should be allowed to earmark a the first two hundred dollars of his or her tax payments to support election of one or more candidates to public office.
Targeted
Supporter
Non-supporter
The total – and growing – number of Representatives and Senators who have become leaders committed to fundamental reform
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