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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA Criminal Miscellaneous No.1793 of 2019 Arising Out of PS. Case No.-227 Year-2018 Thana- BARUN District- Aurangabad ====================================================== 1. Istekhar Khan, son of Md. Safik, Resident of Village-English, Police Statio-Barun, District-Aurangabad (Bihar). 2. Md. Rustam @ Md. Rustam Khan, son of Late Farad Mohammad, Resident of Village Bhakharua More, Police Station - Daudnagar, District- Aurangabad (Bihar). ... ... Petitioner/s Versus The State Of Bihar ... ... Respondent/s ====================================================== Appearance : For the Petitioner/s : Mr.Birendra Kumar Singh For the Respondent/s : Mr.Sri Ram Naresh Ray For the Mines : Mr. Naresh Dikshit, Spl. P.P., ====================================================== CORAM: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE DINESH KUMAR SINGH ORAL ORDER
2 15-01-2019 Heard learned counsel for the petitioner and the State..
The petitioners apprehending their arrest in connection with Barun P.S. Case No.227 of 2018 registered for the offence punishable under Sections 379, 411, 420, 34 of the Indian Penal Code and 4/40 BMMCR and 15 of Pollution Act.
Prosecution case as per the written report is to the effect that the informant, Abdul Sattar Saif, Mining Officer raided the Kocharh Balu Ghat and 8 tractors loaded with sand were intercepted without any valid challan and relevant papers.
Learned counsel for the petitioners submits that petitioners are neither the owner nor the driver of the tractors. Patna High Court Cr.Misc. No.1793 of 2019(2) dt.15-01-2019 2/2 Learned counsel for the Mines vehemently opposed the prayer for bail and submits that the due to illegal mining and transportation, huge loss is being caused to public exchequer.
Considering the nature of accusation made against the petitioners, the petitioners, above named, in the event of their arrest or surrender before the Court below within a period of four weeks from the date of receipt of this order, be released on anticipatory bail on furnishing bail bond of Rs.10000/- (Ten thousand) each with two sureties of the like amount each to the satisfaction of the learned Chief Judicial Magistrate, Aurangabad (Bihar) in connection with Barun P.S. Case No.227 of 2018.
(Dinesh Kumar Singh, J) sanjeev/-
U T


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}ttDashboard - Comments / Suggestions{% endblock %} {% block meta_keywords %}contact, suggestions, message, turntable dashboard, ttdashboard, turntable.fm, turntable, turntablefm, live stats, dashboard, statistiques, statistics, Alain Gilbert{% endblock %} {% block extrahead %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
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|
ovs all
|
Data Fields | |
| struct ovs_mutex | mutex |
| enum state | state |
| time_t | state_entered |
| struct vconn * | vconn |
| char * | name |
| char * | target |
| bool | reliable |
| struct ovs_list | txq |
| int | backoff |
| int | max_backoff |
| time_t | backoff_deadline |
| time_t | last_connected |
| time_t | last_disconnected |
| unsigned int | seqno |
| int | last_error |
| bool | probably_admitted |
| time_t | last_admitted |
| unsigned int | n_attempted_connections |
| unsigned int | n_successful_connections |
| time_t | creation_time |
| unsigned long int | total_time_connected |
| int | probe_interval |
| time_t | last_activity |
| uint8_t | dscp |
| struct vconn * | monitors [MAXIMUM_MONITORS] |
| size_t | n_monitors |
| uint32_t | allowed_versions |
| uint32_t rconn::allowed_versions |
| int rconn::backoff |
| time_t rconn::backoff_deadline |
| time_t rconn::creation_time |
| uint8_t rconn::dscp |
| time_t rconn::last_activity |
| time_t rconn::last_admitted |
| time_t rconn::last_connected |
| time_t rconn::last_disconnected |
| int rconn::last_error |
| int rconn::max_backoff |
| struct vconn* rconn::monitors[MAXIMUM_MONITORS] |
| struct ovs_mutex rconn::mutex |
| unsigned int rconn::n_attempted_connections |
| size_t rconn::n_monitors |
| unsigned int rconn::n_successful_connections |
| char* rconn::name |
| bool rconn::probably_admitted |
| int rconn::probe_interval |
| bool rconn::reliable |
| unsigned int rconn::seqno |
| enum state rconn::state |
| time_t rconn::state_entered |
| char* rconn::target |
| unsigned long int rconn::total_time_connected |
| struct ovs_list rconn::txq |
| struct vconn* rconn::vconn |


| Monitor | Status | Host | Failed at | VFC | Up/downtime | Detail | Failures | Last Failure | Age |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| fail | FAIL | fake_hostname | 2020-04-18 12:00:00+00:00 | 1 | 0+00:00:00 (0.00%) | This monitor always fails. | 1 | 2020-04-18 12:00:00+00:00 | |
| disabled | DISABLED | fake_hostname | 0+00:00:00 (0.00%) | ||||||
| unnamed | OK | fake_hostname | 0+00:00:00 (0.00%) |


To set a variable in JS, we use the syntax "var {VARIABLE_NAME} = {VARIABLE_VALUE}". While variable names can start with $ or _, it's best practice to always start them with a lowercase letter, then capitalize the start of every following word (variables cannot contain spaces). Good, descriptive variable names are very important, as they make your code much easier to read and mantain.
Below, I'll set a couple variables and interact with them.
var myNumber = 37;
undefined
myNumber
37
var biggerNumber = myNumber * 3
undefined
biggerNumber
111


Why would I build this tool?
Simply speaking, I want to practice Ember.js. Many guys practicing their first app by doing th Todo list. But I wanna try something different. So I picked Github as my target.
Ember.js, what?
Ember.js is a javascript web framework comes from the open source project SproutCore, which Apple was contributed greatly in.
Ember.js structured in MVC pattern, with a built-in template engine. Comparing to Backbone.js (Another javascript framework), it’s simpler to developers. Backbone.js provides flexibility but you need to write codes by yourself in most cases. Ember.js, on the opposite, might not as flex as Backbone.js is, but it contains already-built structures.
Functions
The interface will be pretty simple, a search input field, a recent search results, and the repositories of the searched user. You type the user name in the search box and send the request, I return the repositories of the user.
First things first
I have to say I did not start it all by myself. First I browse Andy Matthews’ Flame on! A beginner’s guide to Ember.js. It’s a simple twitter app built on ember.js. I “borrowed” his code and made some modifications. If you need to learn everything from scraps, his guide is quite a good start point. I will not cover too many basic stuffs here.
On the way!
It’s easy to create Ember app, only one line to type:
App = Em.Application.create();
Model
I created a User object to store searched user
App.User = Em.Object.extend({
name: null,
avatar: null
});
And a Repository object to store the Github repository
App.Repository = Em.Object.extend({
language: null,
name: null,
updated_at: null,
description: null
});
Here, I store two classes in App (App.User and App.Repository). Upper case of first letter implies it’s a class.
View
Ember provides some views, we can just extend it for our use.
App.SearchTextField = Em.TextField.extend({
insertNewline: function(){
App.repositoriesController.loadRepositories();
}
});
insertNewline is a pre-defined method, every time users push enter in the search field triggers it.
The TextField extended from TextSupport, for more pre-defined TextSupport methods, you can check Ember’s API for TextField.
Controllers
Controller plays an important role, they control which view to show, and which model to access.
repositoryController
“username” property binds to the search TextField. To bind a property from handlebars, use “valueBinding”. For example:
placeholder is html5 feature, which use to show default value of the input. While binding the property, every changes in the front will updates the property in the background.
loadRepositories()
search the user’s repositories from Github API, then push into its own array (namely, “content” property).
recentUsersController
Hence it extend from ArrayController
, you cans use this.pushObject()
and this.removeObject()
to manipulate the users array.
Another point to notice is “view.context”. Let’s look at removeUser()
method. In the front end, a hyper link will sends a view to the back end.
X
This line is wrapped by and
, the return value will be the iterated view of recentUsersController, which is, A view object which wraps a User model. To obtain the User object, you use view.context to achieve it.
Run it up
It’s dead easy to run this tool, you have to put it under a http server. Why? some browsers such as Chrome cannot access https protocol via local files.
Once you’re ready, just open the index.html and try. For the complete codes you can down load it from Github.


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I2P Notes: This is the database used by the BlockfileNamingService class. It is heavily modified from the original 0.1.1 version. Not for direct use by apps, clients, or plugins. This package is not currently intended for general use, as the API may be subject to change. Contact I2P developers if you are considering use in another application. Following is the original documentation copied from metanotion website.
A 100% Java 1.3, BSD Licensed, embeddable single file database engine in 32KB. This database was designed for PDA based and J2ME applications.
A good, ACID database is a nice thing to work with. Unfortunately, in the goal to make this small, fast, and work with minimal dependencies, something had to give. So I list things which this database will likely never have. Of course, since it is BSD Licensed, patches welcome...
There are still bugs(none known...). The app that this was written for is still in testing, but we should most of the issues sorted by the time we deploy it in a few weeks(early November, 2006). Some loading speed issues on large record sets, and memory usage could still be improved. All this and feedback from other uses will direct this products evolution.
What is currently up here is not "1.0" code, but we will release a labeled "1.0" version once we feel happy with the state of the codebase.
You probably store at least part of your application data in memory in a class from the Java Collections Framework. The BlockFile database stores data in a Skip List that almost implements java.util.SortedMap. You can create and store as many named(with a string) SkipList in the database as you want.
To serialize your data, you have to either extend our SerialStreams class or implement our Serializer interface. We could have done something cool and fancy with reflection(and other cool stuff with Java 1.5), but that would probably not do the Right Thing™ most of the time. As you can see, there's not a lot to it anyway:
public abstract class SerialStreams implements Serializer { // ... abstract public void writeOut(DataOutputStream dos, Object o) throws IOException; abstract public Object readIn(DataInputStream dis) throws IOException; }
public interface Serializer { public byte[] getBytes(Object o); public Object construct(byte[] b); }
Now, about those skip lists. They implement a java.util.ListIterator so you can get "nearby" values, and you can use anything for a key that implements java.lang.Comparable. So, here's the interface to a SkipList:
public class SkipList { ... public void put(Comparable key, Object val) ... public Object remove(Comparable key) ... public Object get(Comparable key) ... public ListIterator iterator() ... public ListIterator min() ... public ListIterator max() ... // Find the first key bigger than or equal to key, // or the biggest key less than key if there is no bigger or equal. public ListIterator find(Comparable key) ... }
Better documentation is forthcoming, but there really isn't much to know. The entire public interface to the library is on this page. Where possible, it sticks to idiomatic Java and standard interfaces.
import net.metanotion.io.block.BlockFile; ... try { BlockFile db = new BlockFile(new File("my.db"), false); // true will create } catch (IOException ioe) { System.out.println("Bummer"); }
import net.metanotion.util.skiplist.SkipList; import net.metanotion.io.Serializer; ... class KeySerializer implements Serializer ... class ValueSerializer implements Serializer ... ... // Open preexisting SkipList index = db.getIndex("My Index", new KeySerializer(), new ValueSerializer()); // Create SkipList index = db.makeIndex("My Index", new KeySerializer(), new ValueSerializer());
public class BlockFile implements Closeable { public BlockFile(RandomAccessInterface rai) ... public BlockFile(RandomAccessFile raf) ... public BlockFile(RandomAccessFile raf, boolean init) ... public BlockFile(File f, boolean init) ... public BlockFile(RandomAccessInterface rai, boolean init) ... public SkipList getIndex(String name, Serializer key, Serializer val) ... public SkipList makeIndex(String name, Serializer key, Serializer val) ... public void delIndex(String name) ... public void close() ... }
Basically, its an interface version of java.io.RandomAccessFile(which itself implements DataInput, DataOutput and a few methods for getting/setting the file pointer).
So, in other words, if you can provide an implementation of this interface, you can use the BlockFile database. This frees it from dependence on the RandomAccessFile class. If you don't see why this is useful and you're going to be using "files" on PDA's and phone's, well, you'll understand soon enough...
An unnecessary class was removed, some junk methods removed, and a couple of JDK compatability issues were fixed. The StringBytes class was switched to ASCII(from UTF-8) for better compatibility.


{% load static %}
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{% if image %}
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Implementation of the multicodec specification.
- Source:
Example
const multicodec = require('multicodec')
const prefixedProtobuf = multicodec.addPrefix('protobuf', protobufBuffer)
// prefixedProtobuf 0x50...
- Source:
Example
const multicodec = require('multicodec')
const prefixedProtobuf = multicodec.addPrefix('protobuf', protobufBuffer)
// prefixedProtobuf 0x50...
Classes
Members
(static) KECCAK256_NULL
Keccak-256 hash of null
- Source:
(static) KECCAK256_NULL_S
Keccak-256 hash of null
- Source:
(static) KECCAK256_RLP
Keccak-256 hash of the RLP of null
- Source:
(static) KECCAK256_RLP_ARRAY
Keccak-256 of an RLP of an empty array
- Source:
(static) KECCAK256_RLP_ARRAY_S
Keccak-256 of an RLP of an empty array
- Source:
(static) KECCAK256_RLP_S
Keccak-256 hash of the RLP of null
- Source:
(static) MAX_INTEGER
The max integer that this VM can handle
- Source:
(static) TWO_POW256
2^256
- Source:
Methods
(static) addHexPrefix()
Adds "0x" to a given `String` if it does not already start with "0x".
- Source:
(static) addPrefix(multicodecStrOrCode, data) → {Buffer}
Prefix a buffer with a multicodec-packed.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
multicodecStrOrCode |
string | number | |
data |
Buffer |
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- Buffer
(static) addPrefix(multicodecStrOrCode, data) → {Buffer}
Prefix a buffer with a multicodec-packed.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
multicodecStrOrCode |
string | number | |
data |
Buffer |
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- Buffer
(static) baToJSON(ba)
Converts a `Buffer` or `Array` to JSON.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
ba |
(Buffer|Array) |
- Source:
Returns:
(Array|String|null)
(static) bufferToHex(buf)
Converts a `Buffer` into a hex `String`.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
buf |
`Buffer` object to convert |
- Source:
(static) bufferToInt(buf)
Converts a `Buffer` to a `Number`.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
buf |
`Buffer` object to convert |
- Source:
Throws:
If the input number exceeds 53 bits.
(static) defineProperties(self, fields, data)
Defines properties on a `Object`. It make the assumption that underlying data is binary.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
self |
the `Object` to define properties on | |
fields |
an array fields to define. Fields can contain: * `name` - the name of the properties * `length` - the number of bytes the field can have * `allowLess` - if the field can be less than the length * `allowEmpty` | |
data |
data to be validated against the definitions |
- Source:
(static) ecrecover()
ECDSA public key recovery from signature.
- Source:
Returns:
Recovered public key
(static) ecsign()
Returns the ECDSA signature of a message hash.
- Source:
(static) fromRpcSig()
Convert signature format of the `eth_sign` RPC method to signature parameters
NOTE: all because of a bug in geth: https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/2053
- Source:
(static) fromSigned(num)
Interprets a `Buffer` as a signed integer and returns a `BN`. Assumes 256-bit numbers.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
num |
Signed integer value |
- Source:
(static) generateAddress(from, nonce)
Generates an address of a newly created contract.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
from |
The address which is creating this new address | |
nonce |
The nonce of the from account |
- Source:
(static) generateAddress2(from, salt, initCode)
Generates an address for a contract created using CREATE2.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
from |
The address which is creating this new address | |
salt |
A salt | |
initCode |
The init code of the contract being created |
- Source:
(static) getCode(prefixedData) → {number}
Get the code of the prefixed data.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
prefixedData |
Buffer |
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- number
(static) getCode(prefixedData) → {number}
Get the code of the prefixed data.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
prefixedData |
Buffer |
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- number
(static) getCodec(prefixedData) → {string}
Get the codec of the prefixed data.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
prefixedData |
Buffer |
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- string
(static) getCodec(prefixedData) → {string}
Get the codec of the prefixed data.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
prefixedData |
Buffer |
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- string
(static) getCodeVarint(codecName) → {Buffer}
Get the code as varint of a codec name.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
codecName |
string |
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- Buffer
(static) getCodeVarint(codecName) → {Buffer}
Get the code as varint of a codec name.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
codecName |
string |
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- Buffer
(static) getName(codec) → {string}
Get the name of the codec.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
codec |
number |
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- string
(static) getName(codec) → {string}
Get the name of the codec.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
codec |
number |
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- string
(static) getNumber(name) → {number}
Get the code of the codec
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
name |
string |
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- number
(static) getNumber(name) → {number}
Get the code of the codec
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
name |
string |
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- number
(static) getVarint(code) → {Array.<number>}
Get the varint of a code.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
code |
Number |
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- Array.<number>
(static) getVarint(code) → {Array.<number>}
Get the varint of a code.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
code |
Number |
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- Array.<number>
(static) hashPersonalMessage()
Returns the keccak-256 hash of `message`, prefixed with the header used by the `eth_sign` RPC call.
The output of this function can be fed into `ecsign` to produce the same signature as the `eth_sign`
call for a given `message`, or fed to `ecrecover` along with a signature to recover the public key
used to produce the signature.
- Source:
(static) importPublic()
Converts a public key to the Ethereum format.
- Source:
(static) isPrecompiled()
Returns true if the supplied address belongs to a precompiled account (Byzantium).
- Source:
(static) isValidAddress()
Checks if the address is a valid. Accepts checksummed addresses too.
- Source:
(static) isValidChecksumAddress()
Checks if the address is a valid checksummed address.
- Source:
(static) isValidPrivate()
Checks if the private key satisfies the rules of the curve secp256k1.
- Source:
(static) isValidPublic(publicKey, sanitize)
Checks if the public key satisfies the rules of the curve secp256k1
and the requirements of Ethereum.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
publicKey |
The two points of an uncompressed key, unless sanitize is enabled | |
sanitize |
Accept public keys in other formats |
- Source:
(static) isValidSignature(homesteadOrLater)
Validate a ECDSA signature.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
homesteadOrLater |
Indicates whether this is being used on either the homestead hardfork or a later one |
- Source:
(static) isZeroAddress()
Checks if a given address is a zero address.
- Source:
(static) keccak(a, bits)
Creates Keccak hash of the input
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
a |
The input data (Buffer|Array|String|Number) | |
bits |
The Keccak width |
- Source:
(static) keccak256(a)
Creates Keccak-256 hash of the input, alias for keccak(a, 256).
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
a |
The input data (Buffer|Array|String|Number) |
- Source:
(static) padLeft(value, chars)
Adding padding to string on the left
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
value |
The value | |
chars |
The chars |
- Source:
(static) privateToAddress(privateKey)
Returns the ethereum address of a given private key.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
privateKey |
A private key must be 256 bits wide |
- Source:
(static) privateToPublic(privateKey)
Returns the ethereum public key of a given private key.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
privateKey |
A private key must be 256 bits wide |
- Source:
(static) pubToAddress(pubKey, sanitize)
Returns the ethereum address of a given public key.
Accepts "Ethereum public keys" and SEC1 encoded keys.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
pubKey |
The two points of an uncompressed key, unless sanitize is enabled | |
sanitize |
Accept public keys in other formats |
- Source:
(static) ripemd160(a, padded)
Creates RIPEMD160 hash of the input.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
a |
The input data (Buffer|Array|String|Number) | |
padded |
Whether it should be padded to 256 bits or not |
- Source:
(static) rlphash(a)
Creates SHA-3 hash of the RLP encoded version of the input.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
a |
The input data |
- Source:
(static) rmPrefix(data) → {Buffer}
Decapsulate the multicodec-packed prefix from the data.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
data |
Buffer |
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- Buffer
(static) rmPrefix(data) → {Buffer}
Decapsulate the multicodec-packed prefix from the data.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
data |
Buffer |
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- Buffer
(static) setLengthLeft(msg, length, right)
Left Pads an `Array` or `Buffer` with leading zeros till it has `length` bytes.
Or it truncates the beginning if it exceeds.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
msg |
the value to pad (Buffer|Array) | |
length |
the number of bytes the output should be | |
right |
whether to start padding form the left or right |
- Source:
Returns:
(Buffer|Array)
(static) setLengthRight(msg, length)
Right Pads an `Array` or `Buffer` with leading zeros till it has `length` bytes.
Or it truncates the beginning if it exceeds.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
msg |
the value to pad (Buffer|Array) | |
length |
the number of bytes the output should be |
- Source:
Returns:
(Buffer|Array)
(static) sha256(a)
Creates SHA256 hash of the input.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
a |
The input data (Buffer|Array|String|Number) |
- Source:
(static) toBuffer(v)
Attempts to turn a value into a `Buffer`. As input it supports `Buffer`, `String`, `Number`, null/undefined, `BN` and other objects with a `toArray()` method.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
v |
the value |
- Source:
(static) toChecksumAddress()
Returns a checksummed address.
- Source:
(static) toRpcSig()
Convert signature parameters into the format of `eth_sign` RPC method.
- Source:
Returns:
Signature
(static) toUnsigned(num)
Converts a `BN` to an unsigned integer and returns it as a `Buffer`. Assumes 256-bit numbers.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
num |
- Source:
(static) unpad(a)
Trims leading zeros from a `Buffer` or an `Array`.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
a |
(Buffer|Array|String) |
- Source:
Returns:
(Buffer|Array|String)
(static) zeroAddress()
Returns a zero address.
- Source:
(static) zeros(bytes)
Returns a buffer filled with 0s.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
bytes |
the number of bytes the buffer should be |
- Source:
(inner) check if string is hex string of specific length(value, length) → {Boolean}
Is the string a hex string.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
value |
String | |
length |
Number |
- Source:
Returns:
output the string is a hex string
- Type
- Boolean
(inner) fromAscii(string, optional) → {String}
Should be called to get hex representation (prefixed by 0x) of ascii string
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
string |
String | |
optional |
Number | padding |
- Source:
Returns:
hex representation of input string
- Type
- String
(inner) fromUtf8(string, optional) → {String}
Should be called to get hex representation (prefixed by 0x) of utf8 string
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
string |
String | |
optional |
Number | padding |
- Source:
Returns:
hex representation of input string
- Type
- String
(inner) getKeys get specific key from inner object array of objects(params, key, allowEmpty) → {Array}
getKeys([{a: 1, b: 2}, {a: 3, b: 4}], 'a') => [1, 3]
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
params |
String | |
key |
String | |
allowEmpty |
Boolean |
- Source:
Returns:
output just a simple array of output keys
- Type
- Array
(inner) getValueOfUnit(unit) → {BigNumber}
Returns value of unit in Wei
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
unit |
String | the unit to convert to, default ether |
- Source:
Throws:
error if the unit is not correct:w
Returns:
value of the unit (in Wei)
- Type
- BigNumber
(inner) toAscii(string) → {String}
Should be called to get ascii from it's hex representation
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
string |
String | in hex |
- Source:
Returns:
ascii string representation of hex value
- Type
- String
(inner) toUtf8(string) → {String}
Should be called to get utf8 from it's hex representation
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
string |
String | in hex |
- Source:
Returns:
ascii string representation of hex value
- Type
- String
(inner) value() → {CID}
Convert to a CID of version `0`.
- Source:
Returns:
- Type
- CID
Type Definitions
SerializedCID
Type:
- Object
- Source:


Juno <IP_ADDRESS> is a moderate update.
- Simplified API for
PojoSwap.
Since it's rarely used, the beanContext parameter was replaced with a PojoSwap.getBeanContext() method on
the class.
- New simplified way of defining POJO filters without needing to extend
PojoSwap.
See SurrogateSwap for details.
- New {@link oaj.html.annotation.Html @Html} annotation.
Will allow the definition of standard XHTML DTOs in future releases.
For now,
Imgis an example of defining an XHTML element using Juno DTOs.
- {@link oaj.json.JsonParser} now ignores trailing ';' characters in input so that it can
parse strings of the form "var x = {'foo':'bar'};".
- New TumblrParserResource in the samples war file showing how to combine the REST client and server APIs into a single
resource in order to download Tumblr blogs and convert the response into any supported response content type.


Work History
Principal Consultant
- Organisation: Lindsay Stevens Pty Ltd
- Department: Consultant
- Reporting to: Self
- Duration: 2017-01 to present (3 years, 6 months)
Responsibilities
- Analyse and fulfil client requirements in the clinical research data space.
- Design and implement software, reports, and analysis.
Systems Analyst / Architect
- Organisation: Cancer Institute NSW, NSW Health
- Department: Strategic Research and Investment (SRI) Division, Data Intelligence Team
- Reporting to: Data Intelligence Manager
- Duration: 2017-03 to 2017-08 (5 months)
Responsibilities
- System support, vendor management, and project management for SRI data systems.
- Implement tools and processes for reporting to meet stakeholder requirements.
Achievements
- Implemented grants report reflecting complex business rules in the SRI Clinical Trials portal.
- Established reproducible reporting system and processes for grants tracking system.
Clinical Trials Database Developer
- Organisation: UNSW Australia
- Department: Kirby Institute, Viral Hepatitis C Research Program (VHCRP)
- Reporting To: VHCRP Clinical Trials Manager
- Duration: 2013-06 to 2016-12 (3 years 6 months)
Responsibilities
- Implement and support data management systems for clinical research projects.
- Implement and support tools and processes for data integration, reporting, mobile device management.
Achievements
- Implemented OpenClinica data collection systems for 7 phase 4+ hepatitis C studies
- Implemented ODK Collect mobile PRO data systems for 3 phase 3+ hepatitis C studies
- Implemented LimeSurvey web PRO data systems for 1 phase 4+ hepatitis C study
Clinical Data Coordinator
- Organisation: University of Sydney
- Department: NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre (CTC), Data Management
- Reporting To: Head of Data Management
- Duration: 2012-05 to 2013-06 (1 year 1 month)
Responsibilities
- Implement and support data management systems for clinical research projects.
- Implement and support tools and processes for data integration and reporting.
Achievements
- Implemented OpenClinica systems 2 oncology phase 2+ studies.
- Implemented TeleForm OCR systems for 2 phase 2+ oncology/neonatal studies.
Trial Coordinator / Data Manager
- Organisation: University of Sydney
- Department: NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre (CTC), Oncology Trials Program
- Reporting To: Associate Oncology Program Manager
- Duration: 2010-07 to 2012-05 (1 year 10 months)
Responsibilities
- Clinical research project management in accordance with GCP
- Data management, monitoring, and internal or regulatory reporting
- Familiarity with start-up, conduct and close-out phases of large, multi-centre projects
Achievements
- Coordinated or managed (as part of a team) 5 phase 2+ oncology studies
- Prepared specifications for a clinical trials management system for the centre
Clinical Trials Assistant / Data Manager
- Organisation: University of Sydney
- Department: NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Oncology Trials Program
- Reporting To: Associate Oncology Program Manager
- Duration: 2008-07 to 2010-07 (2 years)
Responsibilities
- Assist the research project team with project and data management.
- Data entry, filing, preparation of study binders or other materials.
Achievements
- Contributed to the coordination or management of 5 phase 2+ oncology studies


| | Opening stock 2000 | Net change | Closing stock 2007 |
| Broadleaved Woodland | 1,560 | -187 | 1,373 |
| Coniferous Woodland | 1,354 | 152 | 1,506 |
| Arable & Horticulture | 5,763 | 538 | 6,301 |
| Improved Grassland | 5,907 | -670 | 5,238 |
| Semi-natural Grasslands | 4,132 | -859 | 3,274 |
| Open Wetlands | 594 | 516 | 1,110 |
| Freshwater | 277 | 48 | 325 |
| Dwarf shrub heath | 2,702 | -590 | 2,112 |
| Montane habitats and Inland rock | 621 | 0 | 622 |
| Coastal margins | 47 | 9 | 56 |
| Marine | 47 | 262 | 309 |
| Urban | 1,664 | -199 | 1,465 |
| Total | 24,669 | -980 | 23,689 |
| |
| Sources: LCM2000 and LCM2007 |
| |
| 1. Figures expressed in thousand hectares |


Installation Manual
Here you will be able to find the most basic information of how to install the different technologies used for this project
It is assumed that the project will be implemented in a linux enviroment, and that the person in charge of the installation and follow up will have a basic notion of how to perform as Linux SysAdmin
We are also assuming that the most recent version of flask have been installed in case it is not installed, please visit the following webpages for further instructions for installation:
Flask InstallationFlask_Cors V.3.0.7(Or up)
This is a Flask extension for handling Cross Origin Resources Sharing (CORS)
In order to install CORS you must run in a terminal (where python is already installed) the following command:
$ pip install -U flask-corsMySQL-Connector-Python V8.0.13(Or up)
MySQL Connector Python allos you to compress the data stream between Python and MySQL database server using protocol compression. It supports connections using TCP/IP socket and secure TCP/IP connection using SSL.
In order to install mysql-connector-python you must run in a terminal (where python is already installed) the following command:
$ pip install mysql-connector-pythonLorem Ipsum Dolor
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.


14 - Polish
EditIn this section, you're going to learn a few simple tricks to add some polish and juice to your game. Some of those have already been added here and there, but we'll go through a few places now to talk about them.
First up, there's a simple effect we can do with our camera to have it fade in or out. This works nice for transitions between states or screens.
We can add it to each of our states' create()
function like so (right before super.create()
):
FlxG.camera.fade(FlxColor.BLACK, .33, true);
Then, if you want to fade out (when switching states), you can do something like this:
FlxG.camera.fade(FlxColor.BLACK,.33, false, function()
{
FlxG.switchState(new PlayState());
});
Try adding this logic to all of your states and then see how much of an improvement it gives the flow of your game.
Next, let's give the player a little feedback whenever they get hurt in combat. We're going to make the screen shake briefly. So, go into the enemyAttack()
function in CombatHUD
and, right after we call FlxG.camera.flash
(another neat little effect you can use in other projects), add:
FlxG.camera.shake(0.01, 0.2);
So, each time the player gets hurt in combat, the screen will flash white, and will shake a little bit for 0.2
seconds. Try it out!
I know we've used tweens a few times already, but lets add one to show the enemy getting hurt in combat. We're simply going to make a tween that moves the enemy a few pixels to the right, then triggers a second tween to move the enemy back - each one taking .1
seconds to complete. So, in the makeChoice()
function of CombatHUD
, right before we play the hurt sound for the enemy, add:
FlxTween.tween(_sprEnemy, { x: _sprEnemy.x + 4 }, .1, { onComplete: function(_)
{
FlxTween.tween(_sprEnemy, { x: _sprEnemy.x - 4 }, .1);
}});
Check out how that looks. Tweens are a very simple and powerful tool to make your game feel more active when used properly.
Next, let's add a background effect to our CombatHUD
to help bring our the combat screen out from the map a little bit. We're going to copy what's on the camera's buffer, desaturate it, and then apply a FlxWaveEffect
to give it a wavy effect. HaxeFlixel has several effects like this that can be used for a number of effects (FlxGlitchEffect
, FlxRainbowEffect
...).
Open up the
CombatHUD
class and add this variable:private var _sprScreen:FlxSprite;
In the constructor, we'll initialize these two variables (add this before we create our
_sprBack
):_sprScreen = new FlxSprite().makeGraphic(FlxG.width, FlxG.height, FlxColor.TRANSPARENT); var waveEffect = new FlxWaveEffect(FlxWaveMode.ALL, 4, -1, 4); var waveSprite = new FlxEffectSprite(_sprScreen, [waveEffect]); add(waveSprite);
First, we make our
_sprScreen
, make it the size of the window, and just leave it empty for now. Then we create aFlxEffectSprite
, tell it to target our_sprScreen
, and set its properties. It only uses a single effect, ourwaveEffect
instance (it's possible to chain multiple effects usingFlxEffectSprite
).Next, in
initCombat
we want to make our_sprScreen
take a copy of whatever is on the camera's buffer and apply it to itself, and then desaturate the image. Our effect sprite will always copy whatever is on our_sprScreen
every update automatically._sprScreen.drawFrame(); var screenPixels = _sprScreen.framePixels; if (FlxG.renderBlit) screenPixels.copyPixels(FlxG.camera.buffer, FlxG.camera.buffer.rect, new Point()); else screenPixels.draw(FlxG.camera.canvas, new Matrix(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0)); var rc:Float = 1 / 3; var gc:Float = 1 / 2; var bc:Float = 1 / 6; screenPixels.applyFilter(screenPixels, screenPixels.rect, new Point(), new ColorMatrixFilter([rc, gc, bc, 0, 0, rc, gc, bc, 0, 0, rc, gc, bc, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0]));
That's all there is to it! Our effect sprite will fade in and out with the CombatHUD
already. Try our the effect to see how it looks!
You might have noticed, while testing the game, that the mouse cursor can get in the way - especially since it's not needed outside of the menu states. We can remedy this pretty easily.
In the PlayState
's create()
, add:
#if !FLX_NO_MOUSE
FlxG.mouse.visible = false;
#end
And be sure to do the reverse (= true
) in GameOverState
's create()
No more pesky mouse cursor when we don't need it!
There are plenty of other tweaks and tricks you can add to your games. Try playing around with the different addons special effects classes in HaxeFlixel and see what else you can come up with. Take a look at the demos for more examples.


Hans de Rooij
Who am I
CS Student
Intern
A bit of Python, C#, Java, TS, React, PHP
Very much a junior
Blog
01 - I want to blog


Experts to use AI to finish Beethoven's unfinished 10th symphony
by DAILY SABAHAn international team of musicologists, the pianist Robert Levin and computer experts are to use Beethoven's fragmentary notes for his unfinished 10th symphony to complete the work using artificial intelligence.
The new symphony is to have its premiere in Bonn on April 28, Deutsche Telekom, the company that initiated the project, confirmed to dpa.
The Bonn-based Beethoven Orchestra plans to perform the work to mark 250 years since Beethoven was born in the city.
The team does not have a lot to go on. Beethoven left only sketchy notes for the work, but according to a report in the Sunday edition of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung newspaper, the team aims to train an algorithm to complete the missing sections in Beethoven's style.
They are unable at this stage to say what might emerge. "The algorithm is unpredictable and surprises us anew every day," project coordinator Matthias Roeder, the director of the Salzburg-based Karajan Institute, told the newspaper.

Perhaps the most famous unfinished work, Schubert's 10th symphony in D major underwent "completion" by a computer financed by China's Huawei and premiered in London in February.


ORGANIZATION
1 of 12
Information provided here will appear by default in your job description. All fields are optional except for fields with a (*). However, your score at the end of the JDX prototype will be determined on the number of fields you fill out and the type of information provided.


for grad, v in apply_vec:
if grad is None:
print("Gradient is None:", v)
self.gan.gradient_mean = sum([tf.reduce_mean(tf.abs(grad)) for grad in d_grads+g_grads])/len(d_grads+g_grads)
self.g_loss = g_loss
self.d_loss = d_loss
self.gan.trainer = self
for grad, v in apply_vec:
if grad is None:
print("Gradient is None:", v)
for t in self.train_hooks:
d_grads, g_grads = t.gradients(d_grads, g_grads)
self.g_loss = g_loss
self.d_loss = d_loss
self.gan.trainer = self


Created by {{topic.user}} on {{topic.date}}
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See: Description
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| Barrel |
A barrel shape for a wheel
|
| Circle |
A circle gear shape.
|
| Diamond |
A diamond shaped geared wheel.
|
| Egg |
An egg shaped geared wheel.
|
| Ellipse |
An Ellipse shaped wheel
|
| Football |
A football shaped wheel.
|
| Heart |
A heart Shaped wheel
|
| RegularNGon |
This class defines any shape which has n sides and n angles, where each angle is of the same value.
|
| Shield |
A shield shaped wheel.
|
| Star |
A five-pointed star shaped wheel.
|
| Teardrop |
A teardrop sized wheel.
|
| Trapezoid |
A trapezoid Sized Shape
|
| WheelGeometry |
This class defines common behavior for wheel shapes.
|


'3BlackChicks Review...'
NURSE BETTY (2000) Rated R; running time 112 minutes Genre: Comedy IMDB site: http://us.imdb.com/Details?0171580 Official site: http://www.nurse-betty.com/ Written by: John C. Richards, James Flamberg Directed by: Neil LaBute Cast: Morgan Freeman, Renee Zellweger, Chris Rock, Greg Kinnear, Pruitt Taylor Vince, Tia Texada, Crispin Glover, Harriet Sansom Harris, Aaron Eckhart, Kathleen Wilhoite (Sue Ann), Sheila Kelley (Joyce), Allison Janney (Lyla), Sung Hi Lee (Jasmine), Laird Mackintosh (Dr. Lonnie Walsh)
Review Copyright Rose Cooper, 2000 Review URL: http://www.3blackchicks.com/bamsnurse.html
Have you ever found yourself watching a movie that you know you're "supposed" to like, but it just fails to grab you like you thought it would?
Happens to me all the time lately.
The Story (WARNING: **spoilers contained below**): Betty Sizemore (Renee Zellweger) is stuck somewhere between Wonderland and Oz.
A stone soap opera junkie living and breathing the serial "A Reason To Live", waitress Betty is unable to cope with reality when she sees her rotten car salesman husband Del (Aaron Eckhart) scalped by wired hitman Wesley (Chris Rock) and his much more Zen accomplice, Charlie (Morgan Freeman). So Betty creates her own reality: her mind convinces her that she is the ex-fiancee of Dr. David Ravell, a fictional soap opera character played by George McCord (played by Greg Kinnear). Betty so believes she is destined to be with Dr. David - remember, the fictional soap opera character played by a fictional actor played by a real [I suppose] actor - that she takes off from Neverneverland, Kansas, to pursue her dream man, much to the dismay of local yokel Sheriff Ballard (Pruitt Taylor Vince) and reporter Roy (Crispin Glover), who wonder just how involved Betty was in Del's death.
And following Betty in hot pursuit are Wesley and Charlie, who want something Betty may not know she has...
The Upshot: All the signs were there. I should've loved this movie. It's my kind of flick: weird in a RAISING ARIZONA kinda way, filled with great acting, and one that avoided the easy out of making the local yokels look butt-dumb (as witnessed by Charlie's opening conversation with Del). With all of that going for it, you might think I'd be tickled pink after watching NURSE BETTY. I wasn't.
To be sure, it had its good points. Through "Betty", I gained a whole new level of respect for Renee Zellweger. Rarely has an actor been more perfectly cast; she had Space Cadet down. I've loathed Zellweger in previous movies [THE BACHELOR especially, though I can't blame her entirely for ME, MYSELF, AND IRENE. There's more than enough blame to go around for that one], but she shined brightly as Betty in "Betty". Equally good was Morgan Freeman, though I always have to contend with the fact that he reminds me of my mama's preacher, Rev. Isaac [except for the cussin'. By Mr. Freeman, not Rev. Isaac. uh...] when I watch Freeman on screen. Still, Freeman is always a joy to watch; he classes up the joint in most every movie he's in.
The balance of the surrounding, supporting cast also defies my relatively low-rating of "Betty". Rarely have I enjoyed most of the supporters of a main story the way I did in this movie; from Greg Kinnear's surprisingly light touch with David/George (more of a sarcastic actor in his previous turns, Kinnear's performance here might go unfairly unnoticed. Bammer sez notice it) to Crispin Glover's (for once) not-over-the-top Roy, to Tia Texada's out-of-the-blue-friend Rosa, to Harriet Sansom Harris as Ellen the world-weary bartender (hard to believe she plays Bebe on NBC's FRASIER, eh?), the people living in Betty's Neighborhood were a fun bunch o' folks.
With all that, why'd I give NURSE BETTY the cautionary flashing yellowlight? It's simple, really, having had a little something to do with the nosebleed my Disbelief got from having to be Suspended for far too long at far too great a height. The aforementioned RAISING ARIZONA was farce at its finest, and though it did stretch the imagination, I could easily see its situations play themselves out. But never, not for one second, did I even *begin* to believe that Charlie, Zen hitman though he might have been, would go gaga for Betty the way he did. That, combined with "Betty"'s lack of a strong voice on either side of the comedy scale - it wasn't broad enough to be good farce, nor dark enough to be a great black comedy - diminished my enjoyment of the tale.
And once my Disbelief got an altitude migraine, that was all she wrote. Everything went downhill from there.
The "Black Factor" [ObDisclaimer: We Are Not A Monolith]: I started to not even included the BF here; after all, NURSE BETTY never directly dealt with it (much to its credit, says I), so...why me, why here, why now? Alas, it has more to do with what I read about the movie before it came out, than the movie itself.
I received a forwarded email message from one of 3BC's readers that described the characters of Wesley and Charlie as "drug dealers" instead of the hitmen they clearly portray in this movie. While on the one hand, I probably shouldn't trip over such things, and on the other a thug is a thug is a thug, I got my Dander up over the description. After all, the Hitman Profession is a time-honored calling in Show Bidness (witness THE GODFATHER, GOODFELLAS, THE SOPRANOS, et al) - but nobody loves a drug dealer (NEW JACK CITY), eh? Well, maybe except for an older White British female drug dealer (SAVING GRACE). Hmmm...
Took a while for my Dander to recover from that little faux pas, it did.
Bammer's Bottom Line: Not for nuthin', but the Governor of the Great State Of Michigan - Republican stalwart John Engler - was in my NURSE BETTY audience yesterday. I wonder what Gov. Engler thinks of a comedy in which two Black guys scalp a White guy, wax philosophic about the honorable nature of murder, and almost come out as sympathetic characters.
But I should leave him alone: after all, stalwart Republican Governors deserve a night on the town, too - even if it is to enjoy depictions of the Hollywood Violence they claim to detest. Hmmm...
NURSE BETTY (rating: flashing yellowlight): This flick could've stood a transfusion of Wacky Hilarity, or Dark Pathos. The middling ground it seemed content to stand on, was its ultimate undoing.
Rose "Bams" Cooper /~\ Webchick and Editor, /','\ 3BlackChicks Review /','`'\ Movie Reviews With Flava! /',',','/`, Copyright Rose Cooper, 2000 `~-._'c / EMAIL<EMAIL_ADDRESS>`\ ( http://www.3blackchicks.com/ /====\
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Keshif : The fastest way from data to insights
Keshif rapidly turns your data into a beautiful, effective, dynamic interface on your web browser.
Keşif (keshif) means discovery & exploration in Turkish.
Become the explorer of your data with the best practices at your fingertips.
Save time by instantly creating live visual charts and dashboards.
In five minutes, learn how to start your intuitive dialogue with data.
Video
Answer your questions and discover unexpected trends
in an instant.
Have more time to see your data effectively and discover rich insights.
Import your data to Keshif,
create your data browser, explore relations, and share!


BITG for Testnet
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Any children under 20 included on your Tax Credit claim are also entitled to the same help.


--- layout: project #title: "Meshery - the SMI Conformance Tool" description: "Layer5 is a prominent maintainer and supporter of SMI, advancing its specifications and delivering conformance tooling through Meshery." author: Lee Calcote twitter: layer5 lang: en image: path: /assets/images/buttons/servicemeshinterface-icon-color.png width: 1059 height: 807 ---
The scope of this initiative includes all service mesh projects participating in the Service Mesh Interface specification. It’s important to acknowledge that conformance consists of both capabilities and compliance status.
Conformance to SMI specifications will be done through use of a service mesh’s workload. A sample application is used as the workload to test.
To facilitate a common set of tests, a sample application has been developed for purposes of providing a consistent workload to apply SMI specs against. A deployment of the Learn Layer5 sample application being fitted to each service mesh.


SUBROUTINE SSYSV( UPLO, N, NRHS, A, LDA, IPIV, B, LDB, WORK, $ LWORK, INFO ) * * -- LAPACK driver routine (version 3.1) -- * Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of California Berkeley and NAG Ltd.. * November 2006 * * .. Scalar Arguments .. CHARACTER UPLO INTEGER INFO, LDA, LDB, LWORK, N, NRHS * .. * .. Array Arguments .. INTEGER IPIV( * ) REAL A( LDA, * ), B( LDB, * ), WORK( * ) * .. * * Purpose * ======= * * SSYSV computes the solution to a real system of linear equations * A * X = B, * where A is an N-by-N symmetric matrix and X and B are N-by-NRHS * matrices. * * The diagonal pivoting method is used to factor A as * A = U * D * U**T, if UPLO = 'U', or * A = L * D * L**T, if UPLO = 'L', * where U (or L) is a product of permutation and unit upper (lower) * triangular matrices, and D is symmetric and block diagonal with * 1-by-1 and 2-by-2 diagonal blocks. The factored form of A is then * used to solve the system of equations A * X = B. * * Arguments * ========= * * UPLO (input) CHARACTER*1 * = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored; * = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored. * * N (input) INTEGER * The number of linear equations, i.e., the order of the * matrix A. N >= 0. * * NRHS (input) INTEGER * The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns * of the matrix B. NRHS >= 0. * * A (input/output) REAL array, dimension (LDA,N) * On entry, the symmetric matrix A. If UPLO = 'U', the leading * N-by-N upper triangular part of A contains the upper * triangular part of the matrix A, and the strictly lower * triangular part of A is not referenced. If UPLO = 'L', the * leading N-by-N lower triangular part of A contains the lower * triangular part of the matrix A, and the strictly upper * triangular part of A is not referenced. * * On exit, if INFO = 0, the block diagonal matrix D and the * multipliers used to obtain the factor U or L from the * factorization A = U*D*U**T or A = L*D*L**T as computed by * SSYTRF. * * LDA (input) INTEGER * The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N). * * IPIV (output) INTEGER array, dimension (N) * Details of the interchanges and the block structure of D, as * determined by SSYTRF. If IPIV(k) > 0, then rows and columns * k and IPIV(k) were interchanged, and D(k,k) is a 1-by-1 * diagonal block. If UPLO = 'U' and IPIV(k) = IPIV(k-1) < 0, * then rows and columns k-1 and -IPIV(k) were interchanged and * D(k-1:k,k-1:k) is a 2-by-2 diagonal block. If UPLO = 'L' and * IPIV(k) = IPIV(k+1) < 0, then rows and columns k+1 and * -IPIV(k) were interchanged and D(k:k+1,k:k+1) is a 2-by-2 * diagonal block. * * B (input/output) REAL array, dimension (LDB,NRHS) * On entry, the N-by-NRHS right hand side matrix B. * On exit, if INFO = 0, the N-by-NRHS solution matrix X. * * LDB (input) INTEGER * The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). * * WORK (workspace/output) REAL array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK)) * On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK. * * LWORK (input) INTEGER * The length of WORK. LWORK >= 1, and for best performance * LWORK >= max(1,N*NB), where NB is the optimal blocksize for * SSYTRF. * * If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine * only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns * this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error * message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA. * * INFO (output) INTEGER * = 0: successful exit * < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value * > 0: if INFO = i, D(i,i) is exactly zero. The factorization * has been completed, but the block diagonal matrix D is * exactly singular, so the solution could not be computed. * * ===================================================================== * * .. Local Scalars .. LOGICAL LQUERY INTEGER LWKOPT, NB * .. * .. External Functions .. LOGICAL LSAME INTEGER ILAENV EXTERNAL ILAENV, LSAME * .. * .. External Subroutines .. EXTERNAL SSYTRF, SSYTRS, XERBLA * .. * .. Intrinsic Functions .. INTRINSIC MAX * .. * .. Executable Statements .. * * Test the input parameters. * INFO = 0 LQUERY = ( LWORK.EQ.-1 ) IF( .NOT.LSAME( UPLO, 'U' ) .AND. .NOT.LSAME( UPLO, 'L' ) ) THEN INFO = -1 ELSE IF( N.LT.0 ) THEN INFO = -2 ELSE IF( NRHS.LT.0 ) THEN INFO = -3 ELSE IF( LDA.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN INFO = -5 ELSE IF( LDB.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN INFO = -8 ELSE IF( LWORK.LT.1 .AND. .NOT.LQUERY ) THEN INFO = -10 END IF * IF( INFO.EQ.0 ) THEN IF( N.EQ.0 ) THEN LWKOPT = 1 ELSE NB = ILAENV( 1, 'SSYTRF', UPLO, N, -1, -1, -1 ) LWKOPT = N*NB END IF WORK( 1 ) = LWKOPT END IF * IF( INFO.NE.0 ) THEN CALL XERBLA( 'SSYSV ', -INFO ) RETURN ELSE IF( LQUERY ) THEN RETURN END IF * * Compute the factorization A = U*D*U' or A = L*D*L'. * CALL SSYTRF( UPLO, N, A, LDA, IPIV, WORK, LWORK, INFO ) IF( INFO.EQ.0 ) THEN * * Solve the system A*X = B, overwriting B with X. * CALL SSYTRS( UPLO, N, NRHS, A, LDA, IPIV, B, LDB, INFO ) * END IF * WORK( 1 ) = LWKOPT * RETURN * * End of SSYSV * END


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--- layout: post title: Untitled published: true date: 2010-09-02 categories: [] posterous_url: http://blog.hungerandthirstdesign.com/post/1054381652/rt-wilshipley-itunes-we-wont-be-happy-until-it posterous_slug: post/1054381652/rt-wilshipley-itunes-we-wont-be-happy-until-it ---
RT @wilshipley: iTunes: We won’t be happy until it embeds Virtual Basic.


Progressive Rock Top Albums / all subgenres - all record types - 2015 - all countries
Based on members ratings & PA algorithm
Here is some details about how we calculate the average rating of an album and the rank of an album.
-
Average rating: The classic calculation of the average but more weight is affected to the rating of progarchives.com collaborators and to rating with reviews.
- Rating only: Weight = 1
- Review by members : Weight = 10
- Review by PA Collaborators : Weight = 20
- Rank of an album: We use a calculation that compare an album average rating and number of ratings over all others albums in the query using this theory (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighted_average) to create a variable every query "QWR" (AKA: Query Weighted Rating) use for ordering.
- By default, only albums with the average ratings above the average ratings of the requested query are displayed in theses lists, you can control this value in the parameters
| Rank | Cover | Ratings | Title Artist |
Genre (Record Type) |
BUY |
| 1 |
4.29 | 1074 ratings
QWR = 4.2819
|
Hand. Cannot. Erase. Steven Wilson |
Crossover Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 2 |
4.18 | 505 ratings
QWR = 4.1639
|
Until All The Ghosts Are Gone Anekdoten |
Heavy Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 3 |
4.15 | 295 ratings
QWR = 4.1233
|
Ones & Zeros: vol. 1 3RDegree |
Crossover Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 4 |
4.16 | 219 ratings
QWR = 4.1162
|
Coma Nemo |
Eclectic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 5 |
4.15 | 148 ratings
QWR = 4.0984
|
Grappling The Tea Club |
Crossover Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 6 |
4.16 | 58 ratings
QWR = 4.0448
|
The Extent of Damage Battlestations |
Post Rock/Math rock Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 7 |
4.05 | 528 ratings
QWR = 4.0405
|
Love, Fear And The Time Machine Riverside |
Progressive Metal Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 8 |
4.05 | 246 ratings
QWR = 4.0206
|
Skyline Barock Project |
Neo-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 9 |
4.05 | 189 ratings
QWR = 4.0186
|
Corvus Stone Unscrewed Corvus Stone |
Crossover Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 10 |
4.04 | 300 ratings
QWR = 4.0182
|
Il Paese Del Tramonto Unreal City |
Rock Progressivo Italiano Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 11 |
4.02 | 374 ratings
QWR = 4.0048
|
The Congregation Leprous |
Tech/Extreme Prog Metal Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 12 |
4.13 | 37 ratings
QWR = 3.9863
|
EARTHEN Alpha Wave Movement |
Progressive Electronic Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 13 |
4.01 | 218 ratings
QWR = 3.9844
|
Act IV: Rebirth In Reprise The Dear Hunter |
Crossover Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 14 |
4.01 | 176 ratings
QWR = 3.9789
|
La Notte Anche Di Giorno La Coscienza di Zeno |
Rock Progressivo Italiano Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 15 |
4.00 | 137 ratings
QWR = 3.9693
|
The Time It Takes Nice Beaver |
Eclectic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 16 |
3.98 | 384 ratings
QWR = 3.9657
|
+4626 - Comfortzone Beardfish |
Eclectic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 17 |
3.99 | 211 ratings
QWR = 3.9639
|
The Finest Of Miracles Ciccada |
Eclectic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 18 |
3.99 | 189 ratings
QWR = 3.9633
|
New World (Deluxe Edition) Dave Kerzner |
Crossover Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 19 |
4.09 | 35 ratings
QWR = 3.9632
|
Different Creatures Øresund Space Collective |
Psychedelic/Space Rock Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 20 |
3.98 | 224 ratings
QWR = 3.9620
|
Coma Ecliptic Between The Buried And Me |
Tech/Extreme Prog Metal Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 21 |
3.98 | 192 ratings
QWR = 3.9600
|
Quiet World Native Construct |
Progressive Metal Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 22 |
4.01 | 80 ratings
QWR = 3.9540
|
Death is Just a Feeling Amadeus Awad |
Crossover Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 23 |
4.08 | 33 ratings
QWR = 3.9504
|
Nebular Eternal Journey |
Progressive Metal Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 24 |
4.03 | 51 ratings
QWR = 3.9486
|
No Pocus Without Hocus Murky Red |
Crossover Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 25 |
4.06 | 36 ratings
QWR = 3.9483
|
Filaments Robert Rich |
Progressive Electronic Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 26 |
3.97 | 215 ratings
QWR = 3.9482
|
Spirit Comedy Of Errors |
Neo-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 27 |
4.07 | 33 ratings
QWR = 3.9475
|
Hypatia Telergy |
Crossover Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 28 |
4.01 | 61 ratings
QWR = 3.9461
|
Obscure Knowledge Guapo |
RIO/Avant-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 29 |
3.96 | 213 ratings
QWR = 3.9437
|
Fetish Seven Steps To The Green Door |
Neo-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 30 |
3.98 | 106 ratings
QWR = 3.9426
|
1984 - L'Ultimo Uomo d'Europa La Fabbrica dell'Assoluto |
Rock Progressivo Italiano Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 31 |
3.98 | 96 ratings
QWR = 3.9421
|
War and Peace Pandora Snail |
Eclectic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 32 |
4.01 | 58 ratings
QWR = 3.9412
|
The 3rd Planetary Chronicles Yuka & Chronoship |
Neo-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 33 |
3.97 | 152 ratings
QWR = 3.9402
|
II Perfect Beings |
Crossover Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 34 |
4.05 | 37 ratings
QWR = 3.9401
|
Farewell Toxic Smile |
Progressive Metal Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 35 |
4.00 | 56 ratings
QWR = 3.9338
|
La Face Visible Orion |
Symphonic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 36 |
4.01 | 45 ratings
QWR = 3.9305
|
La Di Da Di Battles |
Post Rock/Math rock Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 37 |
4.00 | 52 ratings
QWR = 3.9305
|
The Direction of Last Things Intronaut |
Experimental/Post Metal Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 38 |
3.98 | 80 ratings
QWR = 3.9300
|
Två Agusa |
Psychedelic/Space Rock Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 39 |
3.96 | 110 ratings
QWR = 3.9250
|
The Clockwork Universe Thieves' Kitchen |
Eclectic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 40 |
3.97 | 77 ratings
QWR = 3.9241
|
Words Are All We Have Fjieri |
Neo-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 41 |
3.97 | 72 ratings
QWR = 3.9228
|
What is Constant ptf |
Jazz Rock/Fusion Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 42 |
3.94 | 157 ratings
QWR = 3.9216
|
Bloom Caligula's Horse |
Progressive Metal Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 43 |
3.96 | 91 ratings
QWR = 3.9200
|
Travelog Kinetic Element |
Neo-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 44 |
3.97 | 64 ratings
QWR = 3.9188
|
Suiciety Methexis |
Crossover Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 45 |
3.94 | 175 ratings
QWR = 3.9181
|
Delusion Rain Mystery |
Neo-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 46 |
3.98 | 50 ratings
QWR = 3.9178
|
La Barque Ailee Seven Reizh |
Symphonic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 47 |
3.94 | 136 ratings
QWR = 3.9155
|
Eidos Kingcrow |
Progressive Metal Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 48 |
3.99 | 44 ratings
QWR = 3.9153
|
A Farewell To Brains Simon Steensland |
RIO/Avant-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 49 |
3.95 | 85 ratings
QWR = 3.9137
|
Sonic Travelogue Progression by Failure |
Symphonic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 50 |
3.98 | 44 ratings
QWR = 3.9131
|
Elephant9 with Reine Fiske: Silver Mountain Elephant9 |
Jazz Rock/Fusion Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 51 |
3.96 | 64 ratings
QWR = 3.9093
|
Vida Cast |
Symphonic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 52 |
3.93 | 150 ratings
QWR = 3.9089
|
Molok Gazpacho |
Crossover Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 53 |
3.92 | 165 ratings
QWR = 3.9067
|
New World IOEarth |
Crossover Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 54 |
4.00 | 31 ratings
QWR = 3.9057
|
Shifting the Equilibrium Unified Past |
Progressive Metal Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 55 |
3.94 | 75 ratings
QWR = 3.9019
|
Alco Frisbass Alco Frisbass |
Eclectic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 56 |
3.93 | 90 ratings
QWR = 3.9012
|
7 Karfagen |
Symphonic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 57 |
3.99 | 32 ratings
QWR = 3.8996
|
Silence Jono |
Crossover Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 58 |
3.93 | 84 ratings
QWR = 3.8985
|
Quest for the Stones Yak |
Neo-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 59 |
3.96 | 40 ratings
QWR = 3.8940
|
Goblin Rebirth Goblin Rebirth |
Rock Progressivo Italiano Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 60 |
3.91 | 171 ratings
QWR = 3.8934
|
Technicians Of The Sacred Ozric Tentacles |
Psychedelic/Space Rock Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 61 |
3.90 | 170 ratings
QWR = 3.8872
|
Fragmentropy T |
Neo-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 62 |
3.97 | 28 ratings
QWR = 3.8855
|
Hasta Karma Dewa Budjana |
Jazz Rock/Fusion Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 63 |
3.90 | 145 ratings
QWR = 3.8854
|
The Sunstone The Psychedelic Ensemble |
Neo-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 64 |
3.94 | 46 ratings
QWR = 3.8847
|
Distant Monsters Martigan |
Neo-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 65 |
3.90 | 108 ratings
QWR = 3.8823
|
HFMC Hasse Fröberg & Musical Companion |
Crossover Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 66 |
3.89 | 230 ratings
QWR = 3.8817
|
Known/Learned Arcane |
Heavy Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 67 |
3.89 | 208 ratings
QWR = 3.8804
|
Underworld Symphony X |
Progressive Metal Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 68 |
3.88 | 261 ratings
QWR = 3.8763
|
The Oblivion Particle Spock's Beard |
Symphonic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 69 |
3.92 | 52 ratings
QWR = 3.8756
|
The Waiting Soldier Blank Manuskript |
Symphonic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 70 |
3.90 | 65 ratings
QWR = 3.8736
|
Beware the Sword You Cannot See A Forest Of Stars |
Experimental/Post Metal Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 71 |
3.90 | 67 ratings
QWR = 3.8732
|
La Curva di Lesmo La Curva di Lesmo |
Rock Progressivo Italiano Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 72 |
3.93 | 35 ratings
QWR = 3.8706
|
Tales From The Silent Ocean Steve Hughes |
Neo-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 73 |
3.89 | 124 ratings
QWR = 3.8700
|
Trip The Life Fantastic Drifting Sun |
Neo-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 74 |
3.88 | 224 ratings
QWR = 3.8679
|
A Spark In The Aether - The Music That Died Alone: Volume Two The Tangent |
Eclectic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 75 |
3.89 | 81 ratings
QWR = 3.8664
|
Story Tellers - Part One Tiger Moth Tales |
Neo-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 76 |
3.89 | 66 ratings
QWR = 3.8661
|
Þar Er Heimur Hugans Eldberg |
Crossover Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 77 |
3.89 | 83 ratings
QWR = 3.8649
|
From the Days Of Deucalion, Chapter 2 Leap Day |
Neo-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 78 |
3.88 | 123 ratings
QWR = 3.8623
|
The Breaking Of The World Glass Hammer |
Symphonic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 79 |
3.91 | 30 ratings
QWR = 3.8585
|
L'Era della Menzogna Delirium |
Rock Progressivo Italiano Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 80 |
3.88 | 65 ratings
QWR = 3.8528
|
Lavoro D'Amore Roz Vitalis |
RIO/Avant-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 81 |
3.89 | 42 ratings
QWR = 3.8517
|
Transcension Breaking Orbit |
Heavy Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 82 |
3.88 | 33 ratings
QWR = 3.8464
|
The Great Bazaar Subterranean Masquerade |
Experimental/Post Metal Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 83 |
3.86 | 81 ratings
QWR = 3.8458
|
Chronicles of the Immortals: Netherworld II Vanden Plas |
Progressive Metal Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 84 |
3.88 | 38 ratings
QWR = 3.8450
|
Black Plastic Sun Abigail's Ghost |
Heavy Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 85 |
3.85 | 182 ratings
QWR = 3.8449
|
Heavy On The Beach Grand Tour |
Neo-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 86 |
3.88 | 32 ratings
QWR = 3.8406
|
Here I Am Solar Project |
Psychedelic/Space Rock Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 87 |
3.86 | 61 ratings
QWR = 3.8396
|
A Dream in Static Earthside |
Progressive Metal Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 88 |
3.84 | 45 ratings
QWR = 3.8275
|
Dance Me This Frank Zappa |
RIO/Avant-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 89 |
3.84 | 51 ratings
QWR = 3.8267
|
Arcturian Arcturus |
Tech/Extreme Prog Metal Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 90 |
3.82 | 119 ratings
QWR = 3.8190
|
Everlasting Instant Izz |
Symphonic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 91 |
3.83 | 29 ratings
QWR = 3.8176
|
Beyond The Red Mirror Blind Guardian |
Progressive Metal Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 92 |
3.83 | 31 ratings
QWR = 3.8144
|
Space Fusion Odyssey Nik Turner |
Psychedelic/Space Rock Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 93 |
3.81 | 30 ratings
QWR = 3.8071
|
Phersu Profusion |
Eclectic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 94 |
3.81 | 37 ratings
QWR = 3.8067
|
Paradox of Choice Mindgames |
Neo-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 95 |
3.81 | 54 ratings
QWR = 3.8059
|
Victim Of Your Father's Agony Arabs in Aspic |
Heavy Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 96 |
3.81 | 47 ratings
QWR = 3.8058
|
The Judas Table Antimatter |
Experimental/Post Metal Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 97 |
3.81 | 89 ratings
QWR = 3.8056
|
Now We Have Light Sanguine Hum |
Neo-Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 98 |
3.80 | 47 ratings
QWR = 3.8024
|
She Belongs to Another Tree Tomas Bodin |
Symphonic Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop | |
| 99 |
3.80 | 58 ratings
QWR = 3.8019
|
Stupid Things That Mean The World Tim Bowness |
Crossover Prog Studio, 2015 |
Shop |


systemd-cat - Connect a pipeline or program*(Aqs output with the journal
systemd-cat [OPTIONS...] [COMMAND] [ARGUMENTS...]
systemd-cat [OPTIONS...]
systemd-cat may be used to connect the standard input and output of a process to the journal, or as a filter tool in a shell pipeline to pass the output the previous pipeline element generates to the journal.
If no parameter is passed, systemd-cat will write everything it reads from standard input (stdin) to the journal.
If parameters are passed, they are executed as command line with standard output (stdout) and standard error output (stderr) connected to the journal, so that all it writes is stored in the journal.
The following options are understood:
-h, --help
Print a short help text and exit.
--version
Print a short version string and exit.
-t, --identifier=
Specify a short string that is used to identify the logging tool. If not specified, no identification string is written to the journal.
-p, --priority=
Specify the default priority level for the logged messages. Pass one of "emerg", "alert", "crit", "err", "warning", "notice", "info", "debug", or a value between 0 and 7 (corresponding to the same named levels). These priority values are the same as defined by syslog(3). Defaults to "info". Note that this simply controls the default, individual lines may be logged with different levels if they are prefixed accordingly. For details see --level-prefix= below.
--level-prefix=
Controls whether lines read are parsed for syslog priority level prefixes. If enabled (the default), a line prefixed with a priority prefix such as "<5>" is logged at priority 5 ("notice"), and similar for the other priority levels. Takes a boolean argument.
On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code otherwise.
Example 1. Invoke a program
This calls /bin/ls with standard output and error connected to the journal:
# systemd-cat ls
Example 2. Usage in a shell pipeline
This builds a shell pipeline also invoking /bin/ls and writes the output it generates to the journal:
# ls | systemd-cat
Even though the two examples have very similar effects the first is preferable since only one process is running at a time, and both stdout and stderr are captured while in the second example, only stdout is captured.
systemd(1), systemctl(1), logger(1)


Enter the edges of the graph G below, one per row, in the format "p q" (without the quotes), where p and q are two vertices. In an undirected graph, the sequence p q forms an edge (both p➔q and q➔p), whereas in a directed graph the sequence p q means the edge p➔q:


Example of a changes log
This example is based on the changes report for Maven, which shows the changes log for the project.
Releases History
| Version | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 0.1.0 | First release | |
| 0.2.0 | Various enhancements | |
| 0.2.1 | A few patches |
Release 0.1.0 ( )
| Type | Changes | By |
|---|---|---|
| Addition | First release of the library. | bmg |
Release 0.2.0 ( )
| Type | Changes | By |
|---|---|---|
| Addition | This is an addition. | bmg |
| Refresh | This is an update. | bmg |
| Fix | This is a fix. | bmg |
Release 0.2.1 ( )
| Type | Changes | By |
|---|---|---|
| Fix | A patch. | bmg |
| Fix | Another patch. | bmg |


When we think of social networks what comes to mind? Facebook or MySpace or maybe even flickr, but all of these are similar in one way; they make access to many different people easy and right at your finger tips. Sometimes these networks can have a lasting impact, either positive or negative, on peoples lives. The wrong picture or friends on there can land you in huge trouble with the law or with your employer. One of my best friends just got kicked off of the soccer team at his college because he was seen on facebook holding a can of beer while being underage. No body thinks that these sites can do any harm but in reality they really can.
Some countries like Korea are advocating that everyone become involved in social networks like facebook and twitter because they feel it builds trust as a society. They do not want the people of their country having private chats because they feel it is not building trustSocial networks are limiting face to face conversations and human interaction. People are becoming so engulfed with facebook and twitter that their health is actually declining because of it! Obesity is the biggest problem facing this country and it will just get worse if people choose to conversate over facebook rather than take a walk in a park or by the river. Things happen differently and people make better connections in person to person conversations rather than over the "web".
Some Of The Sites Given Below:-


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class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # The language of models --- ## Modelling - Use models to explain the relationship between variables and to make predictions - For now we focus on **linear** models (but remember there are other types of models too!) --- class: center, middle # Packages --- ## Packages .pull-left[ ![](img/tidyverse.png) ![](img/broom.png) ] .pull-right[ - You're familiar with the tidyverse: ```r library(tidyverse) ``` - The broom package takes the messy output of built-in functions in R, such as `lm`, and turns them into tidy data frames. ```r library(broom) ``` ] --- class: center, middle # Data: Paris Paintings --- ## Paris Paintings ```r pp <- read_csv("../../data/paris-paintings.csv", na = c("n/a", "", "NA")) ``` .question[ What does the `data/` mean in the code above? Hint: Where is the data file located? ] --- ## Meet the data - Source: Printed catalogues of 28 auction sales in Paris, 1764-1780 - 3,393 paintings, their prices, and descriptive details from sales catalogues over 60 variables ```r glimpse(pp) ``` ``` ## Rows: 3,393 ## Columns: 61 ## $ name [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m "L1764-2", "L1764-3", "L1764-4", "L1764-5a",... ## $ sale [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m "L1764", "L1764", "L1764", "L1764", "L1764",... ## $ lot [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m "2", "3", "4", "5", "5", "6", "7", "7", "8",... ## $ position [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0.03278689, 0.04918033, 0.06557377, 0.081967... ## $ dealer [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m "L", "L", "L", "L", "L", "L", "L", "L", "L",... ## $ year [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 1764, 1764, 1764, 1764, 1764, 1764, 1764, 17... ## $ origin_author [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m "F", "I", "X", "F", "F", "X", "F", "F", "X",... ## $ origin_cat [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O",... ## $ school_pntg [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m "F", "I", "D/FL", "F", "F", "I", "F", "F", "... ## $ diff_origin [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,... ## $ logprice [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 5.8861040, 1.7917595, 2.4849067, 1.7917595, ... ## $ price [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 360.0, 6.0, 12.0, 6.0, 6.0, 9.0, 12.0, 12.0,... ## $ count [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,... ## $ subject [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m "L'enfant Jesus", "Homme portant un panier",... ## $ authorstandard [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m "Grimou, Alexis", "Fetti, Domenico", "copy a... ## $ artistliving [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ authorstyle [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m NA, NA, "copy after", NA, NA, "copy after", ... ## $ author [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m "Grimou", "F\u008ety", "copi\u008e d'apr\u00... ## $ winningbidder [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m "Unknown", "Unknown", "Unknown", "Unknown", ... ## $ winningbiddertype [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, ... ## $ endbuyer [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, ... ## $ Interm [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, ... ## $ type_intermed [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, ... ## $ Height_in [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 37, 18, 13, 14, 14, 7, 6, 6, 15, 9, 9, 16, 1... ## $ Width_in [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 29.5, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 18.0, 10.0, 13.0, 13... ## $ Surface_Rect [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 1091.5, 252.0, 208.0, 252.0, 252.0, 70.0, 78... ## $ Diam_in [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, ... ## $ Surface_Rnd [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, ... ## $ Shape [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m "squ_rect", "squ_rect", "squ_rect", "squ_rec... ## $ Surface [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 1091.5, 252.0, 208.0, 252.0, 252.0, 70.0, 78... ## $ material [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m "tableau", "toile", "bois", "toile", "toile"... ## $ mat [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m "ta", "t", "b", "t", "t", "c", "t", "t", "c"... ## $ materialCat [3m[38;5;246m<chr>[39m[23m NA, "canvas", "wood", "canvas", "canvas", "c... ## $ quantity [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,... ## $ nfigures [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ engraved [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ original [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ prevcoll [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ othartist [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ paired [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,... ## $ figures [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ finished [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ lrgfont [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ relig [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ landsALL [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,... ## $ lands_sc [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,... ## $ lands_elem [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ lands_figs [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ lands_ment [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ arch [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ mytho [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ peasant [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ othgenre [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ singlefig [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,... ## $ portrait [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,... ## $ still_life [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ discauth [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ history [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ allegory [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ pastorale [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ## $ other [3m[38;5;246m<dbl>[39m[23m 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,... ``` --- ## Auctions today ![](img/auction-video.png) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apaE1Q7r4so --- ## Auctions back in the day ![](img/old-auction.png) Pierre-Antoine de Machy, Public Sale at the Hôtel Bullion, Musée Carnavalet, Paris (18th century) --- ## Paris auction market ![](img/auction-trend-paris.png) --- ## Depart pour la chasse ![](img/depart-pour-la-chasse.png) --- ## Auction catalogue text .pull-left[ ![](img/auction-catalogue.png) ] .pull-right[ .small[ Two paintings very rich in composition, of a beautiful execution, and whose merit is very remarkable, each 17 inches 3 lines high, 23 inches wide; the first, painted on wood, comes from the Cabinet of Madame la Comtesse de Verrue; it represents a departure for the hunt: it shows in the front a child on a white horse, a man who gives the horn to gather the dogs, a falconer and other figures nicely distributed across the width of the painting; two horses drinking from a fountain; on the right in the corner a lovely country house topped by a terrace, on which people are at the table, others who play instruments; trees and fabriques pleasantly enrich the background. ] ] --- ```r pp %>% filter(name == "R1777-89a") %>% select(name:endbuyer) %>% t() ``` ``` ## [,1] ## name "R1777-89a" ## sale "R1777" ## lot "89" ## position "0.3755274" ## dealer "R" ## year "1777" ## origin_author "D/FL" ## origin_cat "D/FL" ## school_pntg "D/FL" ## diff_origin "0" ## logprice "8.575462" ## price "5300" ## count "1" ## subject "D<U+008E>part pour la chasse" ## authorstandard "Wouwerman, Philips" ## artistliving "0" ## authorstyle NA ## author "Philippe Wouwermans" ## winningbidder "Langlier, Jacques for Poullain, Antoine" ## winningbiddertype "DC" ## endbuyer "C" ``` --- ```r pp %>% filter(name == "R1777-89a") %>% select(Interm:finished) %>% t() ``` ``` ## [,1] ## Interm "1" ## type_intermed "D" ## Height_in "17.25" ## Width_in "23" ## Surface_Rect "396.75" ## Diam_in NA ## Surface_Rnd NA ## Shape "squ_rect" ## Surface "396.75" ## material "bois" ## mat "b" ## materialCat "wood" ## quantity "1" ## nfigures "0" ## engraved "0" ## original "0" ## prevcoll "1" ## othartist "0" ## paired "1" ## figures "0" ## finished "0" ``` --- ```r pp %>% filter(name == "R1777-89a") %>% select(lrgfont:other) %>% t() ``` ``` ## [,1] ## lrgfont 0 ## relig 0 ## landsALL 1 ## lands_sc 0 ## lands_elem 1 ## lands_figs 1 ## lands_ment 0 ## arch 1 ## mytho 0 ## peasant 0 ## othgenre 0 ## singlefig 0 ## portrait 0 ## still_life 0 ## discauth 0 ## history 0 ## allegory 0 ## pastorale 0 ## other 0 ``` --- class: center, middle # Modelling the relationship between variables --- ## Prices .question[ Describe the distribution of prices of paintings. ] ```r ggplot(data = pp, aes(x = price)) + geom_histogram(binwidth = 1000) ``` ![](x1-language-of-models_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-8-1.png) --- ## Models as functions - We can represent relationships between variables using **functions** - A function is a mathematical concept: the relationship between an output and one or more inputs. - Plug in the inputs and receive back the output - Example: the formula `\(y = 3x + 7\)` is a function with input `\(x\)` and output `\(y\)`, when `\(x\)` is `\(5\)`, the output `\(y\)` is `\(22\)` ``` y = 3 * 5 + 7 = 22 ``` --- ## Height as a function of width .question[ Describe the relationship between height and width of paintings. ] ``` ## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x' ``` ![](x1-language-of-models_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-9-1.png) --- ## Visualizing the linear model ```r ggplot(data = pp, aes(x = Width_in, y = Height_in)) + geom_point() + geom_smooth(method = "lm") # lm for linear model ``` ``` ## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x' ``` ![](x1-language-of-models_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png) --- ## Visualizing the linear model ... without the measure of uncertainty around the line ```r ggplot(data = pp, aes(x = Width_in, y = Height_in)) + geom_point() + geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = FALSE) # lm for linear model ``` ``` ## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x' ``` ![](x1-language-of-models_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-11-1.png) --- ## Visualizing the linear model ... with different cosmetic choices for the line ```r ggplot(data = pp, aes(x = Width_in, y = Height_in)) + geom_point() + geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = FALSE, col = "pink", # color lty = 2, # line type lwd = 3) # line weight ``` ``` ## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x' ``` ![](x1-language-of-models_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png) --- ## Vocabulary - **Response variable:** Variable whose behavior or variation you are trying to understand, on the y-axis (dependent variable) -- - **Explanatory variables:** Other variables that you want to use to explain the variation in the response, on the x-axis (independent variables) -- - **Predicted value:** Output of the function **model function** - The model function gives the typical value of the response variable *conditioning* on the explanatory variables -- - **Residuals:** Show how far each case is from its model value - Residual = Observed value - Predicted value - Tells how far above/below the model function each case is --- ## Residuals .question[ What does a negative residual mean? Which paintings on the plot have negative residuals, those below or above the line? ] ``` ## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x' ``` ![](x1-language-of-models_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-13-1.png) --- .question[ The plot below displays the relationship between height and width of paintings. It uses a lower alpha level for the points than the previous plots we looked at. What feature is apparent in this plot that was not (as) apparent in the previous plots? What might be the reason for this feature? ] ![](x1-language-of-models_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-14-1.png) --- ## Landscape paintings - Landscape painting is the depiction in art of landscapes – natural scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests, especially where the main subject is a wide view – with its elements arranged into a coherent composition.1 - Landscape paintings tend to be wider than longer. - Portrait painting is a genre in painting, where the intent is to depict a human subject.2 - Portrait paintings tend to be longer than wider. .footnote[ [1] Source: Wikipedia, [Landscape painting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_painting) [2] Source: Wikipedia, [Portait painting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_painting) ] --- ## Multiple explanatory variables .question[ How, if at all, the relatonship between width and height of paintings vary by whether or not they have any landscape elements? ] .small[ ```r ggplot(data = pp, aes(x = Width_in, y = Height_in, color = factor(landsALL))) + geom_point(alpha = 0.4) + geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = FALSE) + labs(color = "landscape") ``` ``` ## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x' ``` ![](x1-language-of-models_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-15-1.png) ] --- ## Models - upsides and downsides - Models can sometimes reveal patterns that are not evident in a graph of the data. This is a great advantage of modelling over simple visual inspection of data. - There is a real risk, however, that a model is imposing structure that is not really there on the scatter of data, just as people imagine animal shapes in the stars. A skeptical approach is always warranted. --- ## Variation around the model... is just as important as the model, if not more! *Statistics is the explanation of variation in the context of what remains unexplained.* - The scatterplot suggests that there might be other factors that account for large parts of painting-to-painting variability, or perhaps just that randomness plays a big role. - Adding more explanatory variables to a model can sometimes usefully reduce the size of the scatter around the model. (We'll talk more about this later.) --- ## How do we use models? 1. Explanation: Characterize the relationship between `\(y\)` and `\(x\)` via *slopes* for numerical explanatory variables or *differences* for categorical explanatory variables 2. Prediction: Plug in `\(x\)`, get the predicted `\(y\)`


Recipe 3.13. Formatting Decimals as Currency
Credit: Anna Martelli Ravenscroft, Alex Martelli, Raymond
Hettinger
Problem
You want to do some tax calculations and display the result in a
simple report as Euro currency.
Solution
Use the
new decimal module, along with a modified
moneyfmt function (the original, by Raymond
Hettinger, is part of the Python library reference section about
decimal):
import decimal
""" calculate Italian invoice taxes given a subtotal. """
def italformat(value, places=2, curr='EUR', sep='.', dp=',', pos='', neg='-',
overall=10):
""" Convert Decimal ``value'' to a money-formatted string.
places: required number of places after the decimal point
curr: optional currency symbol before the sign (may be blank)
sep: optional grouping separator (comma, period, or blank) every 3
dp: decimal point indicator (comma or period); only specify as
blank when places is zero
pos: optional sign for positive numbers: "+", space or blank
neg: optional sign for negative numbers: "-", "(", space or blank
overall: optional overall length of result, adds padding on the
left, between the currency symbol and digits
"""
q = decimal.Decimal((0, (1,), -places)) # 2 places --> '0.01'
sign, digits, exp = value.quantize(q).as_tuple( )
result = [ ]
digits = map(str, digits)
append, next = result.append, digits.pop
for i in range(places):
if digits:
append(next( ))
else:
append('0')
append(dp)
i = 0
while digits:
append(next( ))
i += 1
if i == 3 and digits:
i = 0
append(sep)
while len(result) < overall:
append(' ')
append(curr)
if sign: append(neg)
else: append(pos)
result.reverse( )
return ''.join(result)
# get the subtotal for use in calculations
def getsubtotal(subtin=None):
if subtin == None:
subtin = input("Enter the subtotal: ")
subtotal = decimal.Decimal(str(subtin))
print "\n subtotal: ", italformat(subtotal)
return subtotal
# specific Italian tax law functions
def cnpcalc(subtotal):
contrib = subtotal * decimal.Decimal('.02')
print "+ contributo integrativo 2%: ", italformat(contrib, curr='')
return contrib
def vatcalc(subtotal, cnp):
vat = (subtotal+cnp) * decimal.Decimal('.20')
print "+ IVA 20%: ", italformat(vat, curr='')
return vat
def ritacalc(subtotal):
rit = subtotal * decimal.Decimal('.20')
print "-Ritenuta d'acconto 20%: ", italformat(rit, curr='')
return rit
def dototal(subtotal, cnp, iva=0, rit=0):
totl = (subtotal+cnp+iva)-rit
print " TOTALE: ", italformat(totl)
return totl
# overall calculations report
def invoicer(subtotal=None, context=None):
if context is None:
decimal.getcontext( ).rounding="ROUND_HALF_UP" # Euro rounding rules
else:
decimal.setcontext(context) # set to context arg
subtot = getsubtotal(subtotal)
contrib = cnpcalc(subtot)
dototal(subtot, contrib, vatcalc(subtot, contrib), ritacalc(subtot))
if _ _name_ _=='_ _main_ _':
print "Welcome to the invoice calculator"
tests = [100, 1000.00, "10000", 555.55]
print "Euro context"
for test in tests:
invoicer(test)
print "default context"
for test in tests:
invoicer(test, context=decimal.DefaultContext)
Discussion
Italian tax calculations are somewhat complicated, more so than this
recipe demonstrates. This recipe applies only to invoicing customers
within Italy. I soon got tired of doing them by hand, so I wrote a
simple Python script to do the calculations for me.
I've currently refactored into the version shown in
this recipe, using the new decimal module, just on
the principle that money computations should never, but
never, be done with binary floats.
How to best use the new decimal module for
monetary calculations was not immediately obvious. While the decimal
arithmetic is pretty straightforward, the options for displaying
results were less clear. The italformat function in
the recipe is based on Raymond Hettinger's
moneyfmt recipe, found in the
decimal module documentation available in the
Python 2.4 Library Reference. Some minor
modifications were helpful for my reporting purposes. The primary
addition was the overall parameter. This parameter
builds a decimal with a specific number of overall digits, with
whitespace padding between the currency symbol (if any) and the
digits. This eases alignment issues when the results are of a
standard, predictable length.
Notice that I have coerced the subtotal input
subtin to be a string in subtotal
= decimal.Decimal(str(subtin)). This
makes it possible to feed floats (as well as integers or strings) to
getsubtotal without worrywithout this, a
float would raise an exception. If your program is likely to pass
tuples, refactor the code to handle that. In my case, a float was a
rather likely input to getsubtotal, but I
didn't have to worry about tuples.
Of course, if you need to display using U.S. $, or need to use other
rounding rules, it's easy enough to modify things to
suit your needs. For example, to display U.S. currency, you could
change the curr, sep, and
dp arguments' default values as
follows:
def USformat(value, places=2, curr='$', sep=',', dp='.', pos='', neg='-',
overall=10):
...
If you
regularly have to use multiple currency formats, you may choose to
refactor the function so that it looks up the appropriate arguments
in a dictionary, or you may want to find other ways to pass the
appropriate arguments. In theory, the locale
module in the Python Standard Library should be the standard way to
let your code access locale-related preferences such as those
connected to money formatting, but in practice I've
never had much luck using locale (for this or any
other purpose), so that's one task that
I'll gladly leave as an exercise to the reader.
Countries often have specific rules on rounding;
decimal uses ROUND_HALF_EVEN as
the default. However, the Euro rules specify
ROUND_HALF_UP. To use different rounding rules,
change the context, as shown in the recipe. The result of this change
may or may not be obvious, but one should be aware that it
can make a (small, but legally not negligible)
difference.
You can also change the context more extensively, by creating and
setting your own context class instance. A change in context, whether
set by a simple getcontext attribution change, or
with a custom context class instance passed to
setcontext(mycontext), continues to apply
throughout the active thread, until you change it. If you are
considering using decimal in production code (or
even for your own home bookkeeping use), be sure to use the right
context (in particular, the correct rounding rules) for your
country's accounting practices.
See Also
Python 2.4's Library
Reference on decimal, particularly the
section on decimal.context and the
"recipes" at the end of that
section.
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