class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Lecture 2 ## Theory of externalities ### Ivan Rudik ### AEM 6510 --- exclude: true ```r if (!require("pacman")) install.packages("pacman") ``` ``` ## Loading required package: pacman ``` ```r pacman::p_load( tidyverse, tidylog, xaringanExtra, Ryacas, rlang ) options(htmltools.dir.version = FALSE) knitr::opts_hooks$set(fig.callout = function(options) { if (options$fig.callout) { options$echo <- FALSE } knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE, fig.align="center") options }) ``` <style type="text/css"> /* custom.css */ .left-code { color: #777; width: 38%; height: 92%; float: left; } .right-plot { width: 60%; float: right; padding-left: 1%; } .plot-callout { height: 225px; width: 450px; bottom: 5%; right: 5%; position: absolute; padding: 0px; z-index: 100; } .plot-callout img { width: 100%; border: 4px solid #23373B; } </style> --- # The welfare-theoretic basis .pull-left[ Before diving into environmental econ we need some definitions The normative criterion we use to judge the desirability of economic outcomes is called .hi-blue[Pareto optimality] ] .pull-right[ ![Vifredo Pareto](2-theory-of-externalities_files/figures/pareto.jpg) ] --- # The welfare-theoretic basis > An economic outcome is said to be .hi-blue[Pareto optimal] if a reallocation of resources cannot make at least one person better off without making another person worse off -- Is there a way to make everyone weakly better off? If not, then we have a Pareto optimal allocation of resources -- This does not make any judgments on whose well-being matters more, sidesteps equity and fairness and focuses on efficiency -- Big draw back of Pareto optimality is that some seemingly undesirable outcomes can be Pareto optimal --- # The welfare-theoretic basis Pareto optimal is central to the first and second welfare theorems of economics: -- .b[First Welfare Theorem:] If markets are perfectly competitive and complete, then a decentralized price system will deliver a Pareto optimal allocation -- .b[Second Welfare Theorem:] If markets are perfectly competitive and complete, then any Pareto optimal allocation can be supported by a decentralized price system and lump sum taxes and transfers --- # The welfare-theoretic basis The welfare theorems' appeal is pretty clear: .hi-blue[if the conditions are met we can have the largest economic pie (efficiency) simply by letting the free market function] -- If we perceive there are inequities in outcomes under the free market, we can simply (lump sum) transfer income to adjust the distribution and still have efficiency -- Unfortunately the conditions required by the welfare theorems are not usually met, especially in environmental economics -- Why? --- # Externalities Most environmental goods have no market or price -- There is no price for noise, air pollution, water pollution, biodiversity, etc -- Why? -- Generally because property rights are not well-defined: does a factory have the right to pollute or do you have the right to clean air? -- There are not complete markets! --- # Externalities A key concept in environmental economics is externalities -- > An .hi-blue[externality] exists when agent A's utility or production function depends directly on real variables chosen by another agent B, without an offer of compensation or other attention given to the effect on A's well-being. -- A critical aspect of this is that it must be a *real* variable: -- Pollution, noise, etc -- Not changes in wages or prices of regular market goods --- # Public goods Another concept closely related to externalities is public goods -- > A .hi-blue[public good] is a good that is non-rival and non-excludable. The good can be simultaenously enjoyed by several people (non-rivalry), and none of these people can be prevented from enjoying the good (non-excludability). -- Non-excludability causes problems for the welfare theorems: how are decentralized price systems suppose to work if anyone can enjoy the good whenever they want without having to pay? -- This is the .hi-blue[free rider problem] --- # Our beginning model Lets start building our model of the economy -- Suppose there is: -- - Two people -- - A dirty good -- - A clean good -- - Labor as the only factor (input) of production --- # Our beginning model Define each person `\(i\)`'s utility as `\(U_i(x_i,z_i,E)\)` for `\(i=1,2\)` -- `\(x_i\)` is consumption of the dirty good, -- `\(z_i\)` is consumption of the clean good, -- and `\(E\)` is the level of pollution emissions --- # Our beginning model Production of `\(x\)` causes the emissions `\(E\)` -- We can define production of x as: `\(x = f(l_x,E)\)` where `\(f_l > 0\)` and `\(f_E > 0\)` -- Emissions are defined as an *input*, so if you want less emissions you will produce less because `\(f_E > 0\)` .footnote[We could equivalently define emissions as a joint product but the input setup is cleaner.] --- # Our beginning model Production of the clean good `\(z\)` only uses labor: `\(z = g(l_z)\)` -- Labor can be measured in terms of hours and there is only so many hours that can be worked `\(l\)` such that `\(l_x + l_z = l\)` -- This is all we need for the model, now we just need to set it up, and define two terms --- # Consumption trade offs A key piece of economics is the .hi-blue[marginal rate of substitution] (MRS) -- The MRS tells us how an individual trades off consumption of two different goods and is defined as: `$$MRS^{xz}_1 \equiv {\partial U_1 \over \partial x_1}\Bigg/{\partial U_1 \over \partial z_1} \equiv dz_1/dx_1$$` -- It tells us how many units of `\(z\)` person 1 is willing to give up to get 1 more unit of `\(x\)` -- It is just the slope of an indifference curve --- # Production trade offs Another key piece of economics is the .hi-blue[marginal rate of transformation] (MRT) -- The MRT tells us how a firm trades off production of two different goods and is defined as: `$$MRT^{xz}_1 \equiv {\partial g \over \partial l_z}\Bigg/{\partial f \over \partial l_x} \equiv MRT \equiv dz/dx$$` -- It tells us how many units of `\(z\)` the firm has to give up to produce 1 more unit of `\(x\)` -- It is just the slope of the production possibility frontier --- # Pareto optimality First lets derive the conditions for a Pareto optimal allocation of resources -- How do we do this? -- By just following the definition of Pareto optimality: -- We find the allocations of consumption, labor, and pollution, that maximizes one person's utility while making the other person no worse off than some (arbitrary) benchmark -- While also satisfying technology (production) and endowment (labor) constraints --- # Pareto optimality The problem is given by: `\begin{gather} \max_{x_1,x_2,z_1,z_2,l_x,l_z,E} U_1(x_1,z_1,E) \,\,\,\,\, \text{subject to:} \\ U_2(x_2,z_2,E) \geq \bar{u}_2 \tag{1}\\ f(l_x,E) = x_1 + x_2 \tag{2}\\ g(l_z) = z_1 + z_2 \tag{3} \\ l = l_x + l_z \tag{4} \end{gather}` We are maximizing person 1's utility subject to (1) keeping person 2s utility at least some level, (2,3) production constraints, (4) total labor allocation -- Now let's look at the Lagrangian --- # Pareto optimality The Lagrangian is given by: `\begin{align} \mathcal{L} = \max_{x_1,x_2,z_1,z_2,l_x,l_z,E}& U_1(x_1,z_1,E) \\ &+ \lambda_u[U_2(x_2,z_2,E) - \bar{u}_2] \\ &+ \lambda_x[f(l_x,E) - x_1 - x_2] \\ &+ \lambda_z[g(l_z) - z_1-z_2] \\ &+ \lambda_l[l - l_x - l_z] \end{align}` -- Now let's look at the FOCs --- # Pareto optimality .panelset[ .panel[.panel-name[Problem] `$$\max_{x_1,x_2,z_1,z_2,l_x,l_z,E} U_1(x_1,z_1,E) \\+ \lambda_u[U_2(x_2,z_2,E) - \bar{u}_2] \\+ \lambda_x[f(l_x,E) - x_1 - x_2] \\+ \lambda_z[g(l_z) - z_1-z_2] \\+ \lambda_l[l - l_x - l_z]$$` ] .panel[.panel-name[Consumption FOCs] `$${\partial U_1 \over \partial x_1} = \lambda_x, \qquad {\partial U_1 \over \partial z_1} = \lambda_z$$` and `$$\lambda_u{\partial U_2 \over \partial x_2} = \lambda_x, \qquad \lambda_u{\partial U_2 \over \partial z_2} = \lambda_z$$` Marginal utility equals the shadow price of the good ] .panel[.panel-name[Labor Supply FOCs] `$$\lambda_x{\partial f \over \partial l_x} = \lambda_l, \qquad \lambda_z{\partial g \over \partial l_z} = \lambda_l$$` The marginal product of labor equals the shadow price of labor ] .panel[.panel-name[Emissions FOC] `$$-\left[{\partial U_1 \over \partial E} + \lambda_u{\partial U_2 \over \partial E}\right] = \lambda_x {\partial f \over \partial E}$$` The marginal utility cost of emissions equals the marginal product of emissions ] ] --- # Pareto optimality .panelset[ .panel[.panel-name[Consumption Efficiency] The consumption FOCs give us efficiency in consumption: `$$MRS^{xz}_1 \equiv {\partial U_1 \over \partial x_1}\Bigg/{\partial U_1 \over \partial z_1} = \lambda_x/\lambda_z = {\partial U_2 \over \partial x_2}\Bigg/{\partial U_2 \over \partial z_2} \equiv MRS^{xz}_2$$` Efficiency in consumption requires that the marginal rate of substitution (MRS) between individuals is equal (i.e. the slopes of their indifference curves are equal) ] .panel[.panel-name[Exchange Efficiency] The consumption and labor supply FOCs give us $$ MRS^{xz}_i \equiv {\partial U_i \over \partial x_i}\Bigg/{\partial U_i \over \partial z_i} = \lambda_x/\lambda_z = {\partial g \over \partial l_z}\Bigg/{\partial f \over \partial l_x} \equiv MRT^{xz}$$` MRSs must equal the marginal rate of transformation (MRT) The slope of the indifference curves must equal the slope of the production possibility frontier ] .panel[.panel-name[Emissions Efficiency] Substitute in the consumption FOCs to obtain a new expression for emissions efficiency: `$$MRS^{Ex}_1 + MRS^{Ex}_2 \equiv -{\partial U_1 \over \partial E}\bigg/{\partial U_1 \over \partial x_1} - {\partial U_2 \over \partial E}\bigg/{\partial U_2 \over \partial x_2} = {\partial f \over \partial E}$$` The marginal product of emissions must equal the .hi-red[sum] of the marginal rates of substitution of between `\(x\)` and `\(E\)` across both individuals ] ] --- # General Intuition We can understand (prove) why these conditions need to be met by considering cases when they are not met For any case where the three efficiency conditions are not met, we can show there exists a possible .hi-blue[Pareto improvement] `\(\rightarrow\)` the conditions must be met for Pareto optimality > A Pareto improvement is a reallocation of resources that makes at least one person better off without making anyone else worse off --- # Consumption Efficiency Suppose Ann's MRS is 2, and Bob's MRS is 4, the MRSs tell us that: -- - Ann is willing to give up 2 units of `\(z\)` for 1 more unit of `\(x\)` -- - Bob is willing to give up 4 units of `\(z\)` for 1 more unit of `\(x\)` -- If Bob gives Ann 3 units of `\(z\)` in exchange for `\(1\)` unit of `\(x\)`, .hi-blue[both are better off] -- Bob was willing to give up 4 units, Ann was willing to accept 2 units `\(\rightarrow\)` both are 1 unit of `\(z\)` better off --- # Exchange Efficiency Suppose `\(MRS^{xz}\)` is 1 and `\(MRT^{xz}\)` is 3, the MRS and MRT tell us that: -- - The consumer is willing to give up 1 unit of `\(x\)` for 1 unit of `\(z\)` -- - If we move labor from producing `\(x\)` to `\(z\)` we can get 3 units of `\(z\)` for 1 unit of `\(x\)` -- If we give up 1 unit of `\(x\)`, we get 3 units of `\(z \rightarrow\)` the consumer gets 2 more units of `\(z\)` than they needed to be better off --- # Emissions Efficiency Suppose `\(\text{MRS}^{Ex}_1\)` + `\(\text{MRS}^{Ex}_2 = 3\)` and `\({\partial f \over \partial E} = 4\)`, these conditions tell us that: -- - The total cost to both consumers of 1 more unit of `\(E\)` in terms of units of `\(x\)` is 3 -- - 1 more unit of `\(E\)` gets us 4 more units of `\(x\)` -- If we increase `\(E\)` by 1 unit, the benefits (4) outweigh the costs (3), we can make the consumers better off --- # Competitive markets We now know the necessary conditions for a Pareto allocation, which serves as a useful baseline -- Now we can ask whether free markets can achieve the Pareto optimal outcome -- In the free market: - Consumers take the price of goods as given - Firms take the price of inputs as given --- # Competitive markets Let `\(p_x\)` and `\(p_z\)` be the prices of `\(x\)` and `\(z\)` -- Let `\(w\)` be the wage paid to labor -- Let `\(y_i\)` be income for person `\(i\)` -- Each person maximizes their utility -- Each firm maximizes profit --- # Competitive markets The utility maximization problem is: `$$\max_{x_i,z_i} U_i(x_i,z_i,E) \,\,\,\, \text{subject to: } y_i = p_x x_i + p_z z_i$$` -- The Lagrangian is `$$\max_{x_i,z_i} U_i(x_i,z_i,E) + \lambda_i[y_i - p_x x_i - p_z z_i]$$` -- with first-order conditions: `$${\partial U_i \over \partial x_i} = \lambda_i p_x, \qquad {\partial U_i \over \partial z_i} = \lambda_i p_z$$` --- # Competitive markets The profit maximization problems for firms producing `\(z\)` and `\(x\)` are: `$$\max_{l_z} p_z g(l_z) - w l_z, \qquad \max_{l_x, E} p_xf(l_x, E) - w l_x$$` -- This gives us the FOCs for the firm producing x: `$$p_x {\partial f \over \partial l_x} = w \qquad p_x {\partial f \over \partial E} = 0$$` and the firm producing z `$$p_z {\partial g \over \partial l_z} = w$$` --- # Competitive markets: Consumption The consumption first-order conditions: `$${\partial U_i \over \partial x_i} = \lambda_i p_x, \qquad {\partial U_i \over \partial z_i} = \lambda_i p_z$$` give us: -- `$${\partial U_1 \over \partial x_1} \bigg/ {\partial U_1 \over \partial z_1} = p_x/p_z = {\partial U_2 \over \partial x_2} \bigg/ {\partial U_2 \over \partial z_2}$$` -- The equal MRS condition for efficiency in consumption is met --- # Competitive markets: Exchange Combining the consumption and labor FOCs gives us that: -- `$${\partial U_i \over \partial x_i} \bigg/ {\partial U_i \over \partial z_i} = p_x/p_z = {\partial g \over \partial l_z} \bigg/ {\partial f \over \partial l_x}$$` -- The MRS=MRT exchange efficiency condition is met --- # Competitive markets: Emissions The efficiency condition for emissions: `$$-{\partial U_1 \over \partial E}\bigg/{\partial U_1 \over \partial x_1} - {\partial U_2 \over \partial E}\bigg/{\partial U_2 \over \partial x_2} = {\partial f \over \partial E}$$` -- .hi-red[is not met!] -- The free market provides no incentive for the firm to treat `\(E\)` as scarce or to account for its impact on consumers: the firm faces a price on pollution of 0 --- # Market intervention Much of environmental economics is about designing policy to correct market failures -- The intellectual starting point comes from Pigou: that externalities can be corrected by imposing a fee on emissions -- Suppose a firm now has to pay a fee `\(\tau^*\)` per unit of emissions, can we achieve the optimal outcome? --- # Emissions taxation The firm's problem is now: `$$\max_{l_x, E} p_xf(l_x, E) - w l_z - \tau^* E$$` with first-order conditions: `$$p_x {\partial f \over \partial l_x} = w, \qquad p_x {\partial f \over \partial E} = \tau^*$$` -- .hi-red[Is there a fee that can satisfy the emissions efficiency condition achieve the Pareto optimal outcome?] --- # Emissions taxation .panelset[ .panel[.panel-name[Conditions] Recall the firm's FOC is: `$$p_x {\partial f \over \partial E} = \tau^*$$` and the emissions efficiency condition is: `$$-{\partial U_1 \over \partial E}\bigg/{\partial U_1 \over \partial x_1} - {\partial U_2 \over \partial E}\bigg/{\partial U_2 \over \partial x_2} = {\partial f \over \partial E}$$` ] .panel[.panel-name[Solution] Notice that if you multiply the right hand side of the emissions efficiency condition by `\(p_x\)`, it is equal to the left hand side of the firm FOC The Pareto optimal tax is thus: `$$\tau^* = -p_x\left[{\partial U_1 \over \partial E}\bigg/{\partial U_1 \over \partial x_1} + {\partial U_2 \over \partial E}\bigg/{\partial U_2 \over \partial x_2}\right]$$` This tax can thus make the firm's profit-maximizing condition consistent with Pareto optimality ] ] --- # Emissions taxation `$$\tau^* = -p_x\left[{\partial U_1 \over \partial E}\bigg/{\partial U_1 \over \partial x_1} + {\partial U_2 \over \partial E}\bigg/{\partial U_2 \over \partial x_2}\right]$$` There are two parts to the intuition for the tax: -- 1. `\(-\left[{\partial U_1 \over \partial E}\bigg/{\partial U_1 \over \partial x_1} + {\partial U_2 \over \partial E}\bigg/{\partial U_2 \over \partial x_2}\right]\)` tells us how much total `\(x\)` we need in order to compensate both consumers for an additional unit of `\(E\)` and keep their utilities constant -- 2. `\(p_x\)` tells us the dollar value of this much `\(x\)` -- .hi-blue[The tax is the marginal utility cost of emissions in dollar terms] --- # Emissions taxation `$$\tau^* = -p_x\left[{\partial U_1 \over \partial E}\bigg/{\partial U_1 \over \partial x_1} + {\partial U_2 \over \partial E}\bigg/{\partial U_2 \over \partial x_2}\right]$$` The tax depends on marginal utility of consumption, this implies two things: -- 1. The tax depends on the distribution of income -- 2. The tax depends on the distribution of endowments in general (e.g. income, labor) -- Changes in income or factor endowments will therefore change the level of the Pareto optimal tax! --- # Graphical emissions taxation .pull-left[ ![Optimal taxation equates sum of MUCs to VMP](2-theory-of-externalities_files/figure-html/emissions_taxation-1.png) ] .pull-right[ `\(-p_x\left[{\partial U_i \over \partial E}\bigg/{\partial U_i \over \partial x_i}\right]\)` is the individual marginal utility cost of emissions `\(p_x {\partial f \over \partial E}\)` is the value of marginal product of emissions (VMP) At a Pareto optimum the sum of MUCs must be equal to the VMP MC of emissions must equal MB ] --- # Graphical emissions taxation: abatement .pull-left[ ![Optimal taxation equates sum of MUCs to VMP](2-theory-of-externalities_files/figure-html/emissions_taxation_2-1.png) ] .pull-right[ Let abatement `\(A^*\)` be how much we reduce emissions below baseline: `\(A^* = \bar{E} - E^*\)` `\(-p_x\left[{\partial U_i \over \partial E}\bigg/{\partial U_i \over \partial x_i}\right]\)` is the individual marginal utility benefit `\(p_x {\partial f \over \partial E}\)` is the marginal cost of abatement ]


object Base58
Base58 is a way to encode Bitcoin addresses (or arbitrary data) as alphanumeric strings.
Note that this is not the same base58 as used by Flickr, which you may find referenced around the Internet.
Satoshi explains: why base-58 instead of standard base-64 encoding?
Don't want 0OIl characters that look the same in some fonts and could be used to create visually identical looking account numbers. A string with non-alphanumeric characters is not as easily accepted as an account number. E-mail usually won't line-break if there's no punctuation to break at. Doubleclicking selects the whole number as one word if it's all alphanumeric.
However, note that the encoding/decoding runs in O(n²) time, so it is not useful for large data.
The basic idea of the encoding is to treat the data bytes as a large number represented using base-256 digits, convert the number to be represented using base-58 digits, preserve the exact number of leading zeros (which are otherwise lost during the mathematical operations on the numbers), and finally represent the resulting base-58 digits as alphanumeric ASCII characters.
Author
Daria Pechkovskaya
decode |
Decodes the given base58 string into the original data bytes. fun decode(input: String): ByteArray |
decodeChecked |
Decodes the given base58 string into the original data bytes, using the checksum in the last 4 bytes of the decoded data to verify that the rest are correct. The checksum is removed from the returned data. fun decodeChecked(input: String): ByteArray |
decodeToBigInteger |
Decodes the given base58 string into BigInteger representation fun decodeToBigInteger(input: String): BigInteger |
encode |
Encodes the given bytes as a base58 string (no checksum is appended). fun encode(inputByte: ByteArray): String |
encodeChecked |
Encodes the given version and bytes as a base58 string. A checksum is appended. fun encodeChecked(version: Int, payload: ByteArray): String |


Pat's Salmon Cookies
Location
Pat's Salmon Cookies are the salmon and cookie lovers dream! They combine finely ground premium NorthWest non-farmed, non-GMO, no-bad-stuff, and all the lables that we canuse to make us sound hip and inline with to make us work with the newest food and diet fads.
Hours
ALL of the Salmon Cookie Stores are open from 6am to 8pm EveryDay!
Contact
Stop by any of our locations during opening hours!
Contact Pat:
Phone:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Email: pat@patsalmoncookies.com


AMAZING PEOPLE ARE MAKING AMAZING DESIGNS IN A FUN ENVIRONMENT
When you work with us, you are part of a team of committed collaborators. All aspects of our software development process are intergrated, interactive and agile.
Our approach unfiles design, development and product management to create exceptional products.
We start each project by understanding your business goals, the user's needs and the product requirements.
Then we help translate them into efective and elegant solutions
Before we sign a contract or write a line of code our team will spend the neccessary time needed to understand your product vision
The outcome of this scoping session is a proposal of high-level-statement of work
Based on your requirements, we can provide a complete offering or just the pieces you need.
Design
Our design practice offers a full range of services including brand strategy, interaction and visual design and user experience testing. Throughout your project, our designers create and implement visual design and workflows, solicit user feedback and work with you to make sure what gets built is what is needed.
Development
All engineers are fluent in the latest enterprise, mobile and web development technologies. They collaborate with your team to write, and improve code on a daily basis, using proven practices such as test-driven development and pair programming.
Product Management
Planning and development is iterative. Because we are constantly coding and testing, the products we build are always ready to go live. This iterative process allows for changes as business requirements evolve.
Black Studio
DELANI STUDIO
2019


§302A-404 School meals. (a) School meals shall be made available under the school meals program in every school where the students are required to eat meals at school.
(b) No student shall be denied a meal solely for failure to pay:
(1) Within the first twenty-one days of the first semester of a school year while the student's application for free or reduced lunch is being processed; or
(2) Within seven days after a student's meal fund account reaches a zero or negative balance.
(c) The department may adopt rules or policies governing the collection of funds for student meal accounts with a negative fund balance; provided that no rule or policy shall prohibit feeding a student as required pursuant to subsection (b). [L 1996, c 89, pt of §2; am L 2009, c 26, §3; am L 2017, c 194, §1]
Note
Denial of school meals for failure to pay; report to 2018 legislature. L 2017, c 194, §2.


Flexible work hours
Good Pay
Improve skills set
Network & Learn
Tell us about yourself and what teaching means to you
Show us your teaching skills and demonstrate your content knowledge
Explore if Lido is the best fit for you and if you are the best fit for Lido


Things to do in the city
Have a few beers. Seattle has a ton of micro breweries and brew pubs!
- Fremont Brewing
- Reuben's Brews
- Maritime Brewery
- Pike Brewing Company
It's burger time!
Be a tourist
- Visit the observation deck of the Spaceneddle
- Go to Pike's Place Market
- Walk along the waterfront
- Take a ferry to Alki


The game is won by successfully maneuvering a red or green peg next to the other peg of the same color.
Pegger is a peg jumping strategy game for two players. On your turn, select a red , green , or yellow peg and then select the hole where you would like to move the peg.
Players take turns moving pegs until either both red pegs or both green pegs are next to each other. Sorry, diagonals and yellow pegs don't count and you can't undo the previous turn!


Thanks for your wishes.
$WISH on our wedding day.
We truly appreciate your wishes.
Facebook
Phone:<PHONE_NUMBER> (นู๋)083-5129931 (บอล) Email: wedding@minnieballinlove.com


---
title: Pesho Ivanov
position: PhD Student
image: pesho.jpg
email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>office: CAB H66
website: http://pesho.info/about/
phone:
cv: https://github.com/petar-ivanov/cv/raw/master/CV-Petar-Ivanov.pdf
---
About me
I am a PhD student in Secure, Reliable, and Intelligent Systems Lab since 2017. TA of the courses: Parallel Programming (Spring 2018), AlgoLab (Autumn 2017).
I am interested in combinatorial algorithms, data structures, genetics, evolution, bioinformatics, immunology. I am working towards precise and reliable algorithmic methodologies in biology. We should eventually be able to reprogram a living cell the way we do with computers.
Religion: open source, open science.
Education
- Sofia University (1 year, 2008) – Computer Science, moved after 1 year
- Moscow State University (Specialist program: 4 years, 2009–2013) – Applied Mathematics and Informatics, Computer Vision
- Shumen University (BSc and MSc, 2014–2017) – Computer Science, thesis: Framework for Genomic Reconstruction Algorithms
- Yandex School in Data Mining (2 years, 2011–2013, private evening school), Moscow – Bioinformatics
- Attended numerous school in Informatics, Physics and Computer vision
Awards
- Four 1st places on Bulgarian national competitions in informatics (2006–2008)
- National (Bulgarian) Laureate in Informatics (2008)
- 11th place on TopCoder High School Finals (2008)
Industry
- Google (1.5 years, 2014–2015) – programmer (Search/Knowledge/Infrastructure)
Teaching
- Mentored high school students during Summer and Winter schools in Bulgaria, Russia and Portugal (2008-2016)
- Assistant for an algorithmic (Sofia University, 2009) and a bioinformatics (Coursera, 2013) course
- Full-time informatics competiton trainer (1 year) leading a group with 24 students
- Author and jury of informatics competitions for high school students (2008–2014)
Internships
- Martin Vechev's group (1 year, 2016): Genome assemblers, Single-cell Transcriptomics, T-cell receptor reconstruction
- Pavel Pevzner's group (2 months, 2013): Single-cell genome assembling algorithms
- Konstantin Severinov's group (9 months, 2012): Math modeling for microbiology
- Martin Vechev's group (2 months, 2012): Probabilistic verification for ecology
- Google Summer of Code (3 months, 2011): Computational geometry algorithms (CGAL)
- Industrial: glass cutting (3 months, 2007): Genetic algorithms for cutting optimization


@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import uk.gov.hmrc.govukfrontend.views.html.components._ @import testOnly.models._ @import views.html.layouts.unifiedLayout @this( layout: unifiedLayout, govukButton : GovukButton, govukSelect : GovukSelect, govukCheckboxes : GovukCheckboxes, form: FormWithCSRF ) @(postAction: Call, users: Seq[UserRecord])(implicit request : Request[_], messages: Messages) @layout(pageTitle = "Login - Manage your Income Tax updates - GOV.UK") {


Pambeni will face a beast against Nakathila – Kaperu 21 Nov 2019, 08:29 by Staff Reporter Home \ Sports \ Pambeni will face a beast against Nakathila – Kaperu - New Era Live


Please visit the project website for more information: http://impybot.sourceforge.net/
IMPyBot (impybot) is a bot (IM automatic response) framework for XMPP protocol. It provides a plug-in system, so that the implementation of a utility is isolated from implementation of the bot. This provides great convenience to manage the utilities without touching the bot itself. The plug-in system is sophisticated that it enables developer to write really large and powerful plug-ins. Meanwhile, it also provides a simple interface such that users with little Python experience can write useful utilities as well.
The figure below illustrates the structure of IMPyBot framework. As shown, the plug-ins are isolated from the bot itself. Plugin developers who are only interested in writing utilities like weather querier or calculators does not need to know the details of the bot at all.  Illustration of the IMPyBot Framework
To write your own utilities (we call it a plugin), simply follow these TWO steps:
Create a text file called my_first_plugin.py
, with codes look
like the following:
Invoke the command line tool to run a bot and tell it where your plugin is:
python -m run_bot -j<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-p "password" -m my_first_plugin.py
Congratulations on your first Instant Messaging Application!
IMPyBot can be invoked from the command line through the application
run_bot.py
. To simply start the bot, use the following command:
python run_bot.py -j<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-p "your_pswd"
Then the bot will start with the account and password you specified.
For detailed usage of run_bot.py
, invoke it with the -h
options:
python run_bot.py -h
Besides using the command line to configure the bot, system wide and user level configuration files are also accepted. The following table summarizes the name of configure files used on different operation systems.
| Windows | Unix/Linux | |
| System | None |
/etc/impybotrc |
| User | %USERPROFILE%\impybot.ini |
~/.impybotrc |
The configuration file is XML formated and should looks like the following:
auth
, attributes jid
and password
specifies
the JID and password the bot uses to log on. Attributes server
and port
specifies the alternative IP and port to be used and
are optional.
proxy
specifies the proxy the bot should use. It is also
optional.
plugin
corresponds to the command line option -m
,
and are used to specifies the paths to the modules and packages in
which the plugins are defined. plugin
s are optional.
plugin_stores
corresponds to the command line
arguments. They are used to specify the directories where the plugin
modules and packages are stored. plugin_stores
s are optional.
One would notice that the bot, although having been running, actually will do nothing to the incoming events such as users' chat activities, status changes. This is because, designed with "Keep It Simple, Stupid" (KISS) in mind, the bot itself does nothing except handling the connections. All actions that depend on specific incoming message patterns, status changes, are implemented by the plugins using the module's powerful and easy-to-use plugin system (detailed in the next section). By splitting various functionalities from the implementation of the bot, it is easy to manage these functionalities, it is also easy for developers who are only interested in implementing such functionalities.
Assume that we already have some plugins available in a directory
/path/to/plugin_stores/
. The plugins in this directory include:
weather.py
: a weather query utility.
dict.py
: a dictionary look up utility.
calculator.py
: a calculator utility.
How do we tell the bot to use these plugins when we invoke the bot?
Simply pass plugin_stores
to run_bot.py
:
python run_bot.py -j<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-p "pswd" /path/to/plugin_stores
You can pass as many plugin stores as you want to run_bot.py
.
Now when some user send a message to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>like:
weather Miami, FL
The bot will invoke the weather plugin, retrieve the weather data for Miami, Florida, and then send it back to the user.
After initialization, the bot looks for the paths of all known plugins, imports their containing modules or packages, and registers them with the specified priorities. When an event (an incoming message, or a status change) comes, the bot invokes the plugins one-by-one in the order specified by the plugins' priorities. Each plugin has a chance to be executed for the event, and the plugin itself has the right to decide whether or not an action should be performed on it. If non of the plugins decides to take an action on the incoming message, the bot will invoke the built-in fallback plugin for the message. By default, it will tell the sender of the message that it cannot understand what he/she is saying.
Note that a plugin, in the case that it takes an action on the incoming message, has the right to tell the bot to stop invoking the plugins with lower priorities, which haven't had a chance to be invoked by the bot. This "stop request" is only valid during this "plugin-execution round" and this event, and is not valid for the following events.
The "stop request" feature is for advanced plugins only and in most cases should not be used.
Most users of IMPyBot might be merely interested in writing their own utilities. In IMPyBot framework, this is done by writing a "plugin".
IMPyBot provides a powerful yet easy-to-use plugin framework. Even some of the bot's built-in functionalities are implemented as built-in plugins. Currently, IMPyBot has three types of plugin classes that can be used, each of which aimed for different purpose. The figure below gives an overview of these plugins and illustrates their relationships.
+--------------------------------------------------------+ | | | +----------------------+ +----------------------+ | | | impybot.SimplePlugin | | impybot.RePlugin | | | +----------------------+ +----------------------+ | | | | | | | | | | v v | | +--------------------------------------------------+ | | | impybot.Plugin | | | +--------------------------------------------------+ | | | +--------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 2. Plugin system inheritance
As shown in Figure 2, impybot.Plugin is the base class for all plugins. It is the most general purpose plugin framework and provides the most flexibility to the plugin developers. impybot.SimplePlugin is a easy-to-use, command-based plugin. The developer simply specifies a sequence of command strings he/she wants to match, and a callback function that will be called when any of the command strings are matched. impybot.RePlugin is more advanced and flexible than SimplePlugin. It is regular expression based. The plugin developer specifies the regular expression pattern he/she wants to match and provides a callback function which will be called on a match.
The use of SimplePlugin is simple. The plugin developer only needs
to derive a class from impybot.SimplePlugin
and sets a few class
attributes and a callback method. Next we will give an example of
using SimplePlugin to echo users' inputs.
As an overview, there are only five things you need to do for writing such a plugin:
impybot
module
impybot.SimplePlugin
command
attribute as a tuple of command strings you want
to match
handle_match()
: the callback method.
impybot.register()
For the above plugin, if<EMAIL_ADDRESS>sends the bot the following instant message:
echo echo arg1 arg 2 hello world!!! 你好 吗？
The bot will reply to him/her with the following message:
(An empty line) arg1 arg2 world!!! 吗？
Now let's go through the codes and gives a more detailed explanation.
The command
attribute defined on line 13 specifies the command
strings that can trigger the callback actions of this plugin. In the
above example, the plugin's callback actions will be triggered if
someone sends the bot a message with any of the strings in attribute
command
appears at the beginning of ANY line.
In the attribute command
, you can use either the str type, or
the unicode type. If only ONE command string are to be used,
command
can be that string in this case: a tuple or a list is
NOT necessary.
There are two cases of matches:
In other words, one of the command strings DIRECTLY followed by non-space characters will not match.
Note that a line with echo
alone still matches. Also note that in
你好 吗？
, the space is NOT an ASCII space. This also counts.
Users from non-English world would be very happy with this feature!
If the input hits a match, then the callback method handle_match() will be called by the bot framework. And the matched parts of the input and the sender's JID will be passed to this method. The interface of this callback method likes like:
def handle_match( self, matched, sender )
matched
is a tuple of matched parts. Elements in matched
tuple is a unicode string. For lines with only a command string, the
corresponding matched
elements is a unicode empty stirng. Note
that for inputs like command arg1 arg2
, the corresponding
matched
element is arg1 arg2
as one string. This is
because IMPyBot does not know how you will use the matched part,
thus it will not simply assume you want space-separated arguments.
sender
is a unicode string, representing the message sender's
"email address" (or, JID). For advanced users: sender will always be
the bare JID, which means you cannot get the resource part from
sender
. If you need the resource part, access the raw message
object (an xmpp.Message object) via self.__message
and call its
method getFrom()
.
The return value of the callback method will be sent back to
sender
. If you do not have anything to send, or you just want to
ignore this input, simply return None or "", or just return
.
There are two ways to represent what you want to send. A string or a unicode string is enough in most cases. But if you need to return a multi-line message, with string normally it is necessary to do something like:
reply = [] # do something... reply.append('something') # do something else.... reply.append('something else') #finally: return "\n".join(reply)
Alternatively, you can use class self.Response
:
reply = self.Response() # do something... reply.append_line('something') # do something else... reply.append_line('something else') # finally: return reply
Yes! You can directly return a self.Response
type object.
self.Response
does not only consist of a couple of convenience
methods. It exists because of an important reason - to tell the bot
to stop matching other plugins with lower priorities. More on this
later.
THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT. After you finish writing your plugin class, don't forget to register it so that the bot will know of it and will execute it when there is a proper user input. The way to register your plugin is by calling the register() function:
impybot.register(SomePluginClass, priority = some_priority)
Register your plugin class out of the class's scope. Or to say, the indentation of this line of code MUST be the same as where you declare your plugin class.
Normally the optional priority
argument does not need to be
worried - a default priority value will be assigned to your plugin.
In case that you need your plugin to have higher or lower
priorities, specify it here. A smaller integer indicates a higher
priority - think it as "niceness". Plugins with higher priorities
will be executed before ones with lower priorities.
The acceptable range of priorities are from 0 to 20. Don't
use priorities out of this range. register
does not allow it.
And doing so may ruin your own bot applications.
Advanced Python uses may be attemped to use class decorators for the registering purpose. However, considering the backward compatibility with lower versions of Python, I have to make the decision of not using decorators. I might later provide it as an optional feature.


Chiefs’ Table-Topping Coach: I Don’t Look At The Log…
by Soccer LadumaThe view must be nice from up on top of the Absa Premiership table, but Kaizer Chiefs’ Ernst Middendorp has insisted that he’s not paying too much attention to their placement…
Read: Soweto Derby Fever – What Chiefs & Pirates Had To Say…
Chiefs are currently seven points clear of second-placed Mamelodi Sundowns going into this weekend’s Soweto Derby clash with Orlando Pirates, and find themselves 12 points ahead of their bitter rivals who are in seventh.
The Glamour Boys can’t get too comfortable though, knowing that Bidvest Wits have four games in hand following their progression in the CAF Confederation Cup, and Middendorp is fully aware that they need to keep focusing on the next game in order to maintain their position at the summit.
Speaking to Chiefs’ official website, the German said, “I want to repeat and emphasise that I don’t look at the log that much. I’m not really interested in the log positions. We focus on the game and try to find the right balance always. Other teams have games in hand and you’ll never know what will happen. I’m glad we are collecting points at this stage.”
Middendorp won’t have to look at the log for the next month anyway given their lead, the upcoming international break and Telkom Knockout semifinals, with no team able to overtake them for at least a few weeks.
Read: In From The Cold – Lifelines For These Chiefs Stars?
Chiefs haven’t beaten Pirates in a league game for five years now, but – given their form – will feel like this weekend is the perfect time to change that.
Earn Airtime & Data With Soccer Laduma’s Social Media App - Download Now


| 接口 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler |
A strategy for handling uncaught exceptions thrown from asynchronous methods.
|
| 类 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| AbstractMonitoringInterceptor |
Base class for monitoring interceptors, such as performance monitors.
|
| AbstractTraceInterceptor |
Base
MethodInterceptor implementation for tracing. |
| AsyncExecutionAspectSupport |
Base class for asynchronous method execution aspects, such as
org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AnnotationAsyncExecutionInterceptor
or org.springframework.scheduling.aspectj.AnnotationAsyncExecutionAspect . |
| AsyncExecutionInterceptor |
AOP Alliance
MethodInterceptor that processes method invocations
asynchronously, using a given AsyncTaskExecutor . |
| ConcurrencyThrottleInterceptor |
Interceptor that throttles concurrent access, blocking invocations
if a specified concurrency limit is reached.
|
| CustomizableTraceInterceptor |
MethodInterceptor implementation that allows for highly customizable
method-level tracing, using placeholders. |
| DebugInterceptor |
AOP Alliance
MethodInterceptor that can be introduced in a chain
to display verbose information about intercepted invocations to the logger. |
| ExposeBeanNameAdvisors |
Convenient methods for creating advisors that may be used when autoproxying beans
created with the Spring IoC container, binding the bean name to the current
invocation.
|
| ExposeInvocationInterceptor |
Interceptor that exposes the current
MethodInvocation
as a thread-local object. |
| JamonPerformanceMonitorInterceptor |
Performance monitor interceptor that uses JAMon library to perform the
performance measurement on the intercepted method and output the stats.
|
| PerformanceMonitorInterceptor |
Simple AOP Alliance
MethodInterceptor for performance monitoring. |
| SimpleAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler |
A default
AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler that simply logs the exception. |
| SimpleTraceInterceptor |
Simple AOP Alliance
MethodInterceptor that can be introduced
in a chain to display verbose trace information about intercepted method
invocations, with method entry and method exit info. |


Fred Astaire (1899 — 1987)
Fred Astaire was born on May 10, 1899 in Omaha, Nebraska. His first stage experiences came in a brother/sister act with his sister Adele. Together they played the vaudeville circuit and advanced to productions on Broadway and in London. The partnership broke up with Adele's marriage in the early 30s.
Astaire's famous partnership with Ginger Rogers started with a minor role in Flying Down to Rio. Astaire and Rogers would go along to make ten films together, many of which are considered classics of the genre. Astaire insisted that all dance sequences be filmed with a stationary camera in a single shot. This was a marked contrast from the style of the times in which aerial shots, quick takes, and zooms were used to enhance (and sometimes detract!) from the dance. Astaire would famously quip, "Either the camera will dance, or I will."
At the end of the 30s, the Astaire/Rogers partnership broke up and Astaire went on to make a series of classic films, including Holiday Inn with Bing Crosby, Easter Parade with Judy Garland, and Royal Wedding with Jane Powell.
In later years, Astaire focused more on straight acting roles. He received an Academy Award nomination for his supporting actor role in The Towering Inferno.
Fred Astaire died on June 22, 1987, leaving behind the wonderful memories and wonderful performances of perhaps the greatest dancer of the 20th century.
Filmography
Hover over the Marquee to Pause
| 1981 | Ghost Story | Ricky Hawthorne |
| 1979 | The Man in the Santa Claus Suit | Proprietor |
| 1978 | A Family Upside Down | Ted Long |
| 1976 | The Amazing Dobermans | Daniel Hughes |
| 1974 | The Towering Inferno | Harlee Claiborne |
| 1969 | Midas Run | John Pedley |
| 1968 | Finian's Rainbow | Finian McLonergan |
| 1962 | The Notorious Landlady | Franklyn Ambruster |
| 1961 | The Pleasure of His Company | Biddeford |
| 1959 | On the Beach | Julian Osborne |
| 1957 | Silk Stockings | Steve Canfield |
| 1957 | Funny Face | Dick Avery |
| 1955 | Daddy Long Legs | Jervis Pendleton |
| 1953 | The Band Wagon | Tony Hunter |
| 1952 | The Belle of New York | Charlie Hill |
| 1951 | Royal Wedding | Tom Bowen |
| 1950 | Let's Dance | Donald Elwood |
| 1950 | Three Little Words | Bert Kalmar |
| 1949 | The Barkleys of Broadway | Josh Barkley |
| 1948 | Easter Parade | Don Hewes |
| 1946 | Blue Skies | Jed Potter |
| 1945 | Yolanda and the Thief | Johnny Parkson Riggs |
| 1942 | You Were Never Lovelier | Robert Davis |
| 1942 | Holiday Inn | Ted Hanover |
| 1941 | You'll Never Get Rich | Robert Curtis |
| 1940 | Second Chorus | Danny O'Neill |
| 1940 | Broadway Melody of 1940 | Johnny Brett |
| 1939 | The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle | Vernon Castle |
| 1938 | Carefree | Tony Flagg |
| 1937 | A Damsel in Distress | Jerry Halliday |
| 1937 | Shall We Dance | Petrov |
| 1936 | Swing Time | Lucky Garnett |
| 1936 | Follow the Fleet | Bake Baker |
| 1935 | Top Hat | Jerry Travers |
| 1935 | Roberta | Huck |
| 1934 | The Gay Divorcee | Guy Holden |
| 1933 | Flying Down to Rio | Fred Ayres |


Assume lvl 40 pure class or lvl 30 Prestige class.
The only one I've experimented with extensively is the Blackguard Fiendish Servant and Epic Fiendish Servant. A level 30 Blackguard will have a Vrock with 26 levels in fighter as it's servant, and though some of the feats selected are questionable, I've found it quite useful in scroll rich low to mid magic environments. _________________ (I enjoy writing parenthetically (a lot)).
Level 30 Pale Master gets a Demi Lich. Not sure how powerful the default DL is though. _________________ It's rogue, dammit, ROGUE!!!
The PM Demilich is prolly the best - level 21 Wizard, immune to level 3 and lower spells, undead properties and DR (I'm not sure how much), but taking that many PM levels kills your caster level. The epic Shadowlord has some nice immunities, but no concealment unfortunately. None of the epic summons are really worth taking that many levels in one of those PrC's IMHO, you just lose out too much if you do. _________________ "Great spirits have always found violent opposition from mediocrities. The latter cannot understand it when a man does not thoughtlessly submit to hereditary prejudices, but honestly and courageously uses his intelligence" - Albert Einstein
I'm not sure either, but I can tell you this, a full level Animal Companion (I think it's level 43) with Greater Magic Fang, Bull's Strength and Awaken is an awesome ally, especially the panther if you help it land sneak attacks (like stunning enemies with Storm of Vengeance or prone with Knockdown), it gets hell powerful.
I prefer Animal Companion over any other summon because you simply feed the little guy and he's ready to roll, plus, he's there for you at any level. The only real drawback is his awfully low AC.


Safecast Air Documentation
Table of Contents
«
Safecast Air
::
Contents
::
Notes on changes to version r4
»
Table of Contents
¶
Safecast Air Board (v0.1 R4)
¶
Notes on changes to version r4
Safecast V0.1 R4 Change notes
Bill of Materials
Build Instructions
¶
Reflow soldering SMT components
Overview of steps
Voltage divider resistors for the alphasense 4-electrode gas sensors
MOSFEFT power switch components
Circuity for toggle switch
I2C pull-up resistors
Images of the board after reflow soldering
Joystick input circuit
External 5V power
Headers for gas and particulate sensors
Configuration and expansion headers
Solder Pin Headers
Teensy Headers
GPS, LCD and XBEE Headers
Soldering components
AdaFruit Temp/Humidity Sensor
OpenLog SD card data logger
Pololu 3V3 power regulator
Placing GPS, XBEE and display
Adafruit Ultimate GPS Breakout
XBEE/WiFly wireless communication module
Adafruit OLED graphic display
Teensy board
Connecting sensors to the board
¶
Alphasense Air Sensors (A4)
Connecting to the Safecast Air Board
Alphasense Individual Sensor Boards (B4)
Safecast ISB Adaptor Board
Connecting to the Safecast Air Board
Alphasense Particulate Monitor (OPC-N2)
OPC-N2 Custom cable
Connecting to the board
Pololu Methane Sensor
Building the enclosure
¶
Enclosure
Previous board versions
¶
Version 3.0
Build instructions
«
Safecast Air
::
Contents
::
Notes on changes to version r4
»


As promised in my post on Sep. 4th Knockout.js for Visualforce today we are revisiting
Knockout.js. The project we are going to build is an ideas portal and we will be using
sites to publish it. This portal will have two states, the public state in which all visitors can
view the ideas, see the points, read the comments and change the community. In the second state,
the logged in state, users will be able to promote and demote ideas, leave comments and even add
new ideas to the selected community.
Information: I’m not going to build out the portal completely, but this
tutorial will show you how you could build out a portal and if you invest a few more hours you
might have a fully functioning ideas community on Facebook.


class DuplicateAttachmentsRejection : TransactionVerificationException
Indicates that the same attachment has been added multiple times to a transaction.
<init> |
Indicates that the same attachment has been added multiple times to a transaction. DuplicateAttachmentsRejection(txId: SecureHash, attachmentId: Attachment) |
attachmentId |
val attachmentId: Attachment |


Swedish gearmaker Ericsson expects 2.6 billion 5G subscriptions by end of 2025
Sweden's Ericsson expects the number of 5G subscriptions to reach 2.6 billion by the end of 2025, up from 13 million in 2019, with network coverage offering access to 65 percent of the world's population, it said on Monday.
STOCKHOLM: Sweden's Ericsson expects the number of 5G subscriptions to reach 2.6 billion by the end of 2025, up from 13 million in 2019, with network coverage offering access to 65 percent of the world's population, it said on Monday.
With its current momentum, 5G uptake is expected to be significantly faster than that of LTE, the telecoms network equipment maker said in its biannual Mobility Report.
It added that 5G subscriptions would account for 29 percent of all mobile subscriptions in 2025.
Ericsson, which competes with China's Huawei and Finnish rival Nokia, said that North America is expected to lead the 5G uptake with 74 percent of anticipated mobile subscriptions in its region in six years, followed by North East Asia and Europe.
"It is encouraging to see that 5G now has broad support from almost all device makers. In 2020, 5G-compatible devices will enter the volume market, which will scale up 5G adoption," Fredrik Jejdling, head of Ericsson Networks, said in a statement.
The company's previous forecast in June predicted 1.9 billion 5G subscriptions in 2024 and network coverage to have reached more than 45 percent of the world's population.
Ericsson said that China's 5G launch in October had led to an update of estimated 5G subscriptions for year-end 2019 to 13 million from 10 million.
The mobile network industry has faced a tough period with subsiding demand for 4G and older network equipment. 5G spending in North America has helped to fuel a return to growth.
LTE (4G) will remain the dominant mobile access technology by subscription during 2019-2025, Ericsson said, with 5.4 billion subscriptions in 2022 and 4.8 billion expected by the end of 2025.
The new generation of mobile phone technology will bring faster data speeds and better accommodate a greater variety of connected devices.
(Reporting by Helena Soderpalm; Editing by Elaine Hardcastle)


ABOUT
EVENTS
DIRECTORS
SPONSORS
DIRECTORS OF UF ENGINEER'S WEEK 2020
Muhammad Saeed
Executive Director
Diego Madueno
Assistant Executive Director
Brenna Rowland
Finance Director
Claire Naumann
Internal Relations Director
Carrie Greene
E-Fair Director
Regina Monteavaro
Faculty Relations Director
Abhinay Pasunuri
Technology Director
Amir Baloch
Closing Ceremonies Director
James Beard
E-Fair Director
Emily Scimeca
Marketing Director
Jensen Matthews
E-Fest Activities Director
Ria Bashkar
ESL Director
Orlando Hurtado
Engineering Health Director


Home
About
Events
Venue
Gallery
Sponsors
Team Karmatek
Contact Us
{% if current_user.is_authenticated %}
Profile
Logout
{% else %}
Login/Sign Up
{% endif %}
{% for mess in get_flashed_messages() %}
×
{{ mess }}
{% endfor %}
{% if current_user.confirm %}
Your Details:
{{form.hidden_tag()}}
{{form.email.label}}
{{form.email(class="form-control", id="email", placeholder="Enter your email", disabled=True)}}
{{form.name.label}}
{{form.name(class="form-control", id="name", placeholder="Enter Your Name")}}
{{form.ph_num.label}}
{{form.ph_num(class="form-control", id="phno", placeholder="Enter Your Phone Number")}}
{{form.year.label}}
{{form.year(class="form-control", id="year", placeholder="Enter Your Current Year")}}
{{form.dept.label}}
{{form.dept(class="form-control", id="dept", placeholder="Enter Your Department")}}
{{form.submit(class="but but1", style="border-radius: 8px; padding: 10px 30px; font-size: 16px;")}}
{{events_form.hidden_tag()}}
{{events_form.event_selector.label}}
{{events_form.event_selector(class="form-control", placeholder="None")}}
{{events_form.submit(class="btn btn-outline-primary", style="border-radius: 8px; padding: 10px 30px; font-size: 16px; margin-top: 24px;")}}
{% if events %}
List of Selected Events:
{% for i in range(len(events)) %}
X
{{ events[i][1].event }}
Remove Event Participation in {{ events[i][1].event }}
×
Are you sure you want to remove your participation entry?
{% endfor %}
i
Click on the event for more details
{% else %}
It seems that you haven't registered for any event. Register in the events using the selection above.
{% endif %}
{% else %}
Please confirm your email id to access this page (Click on the link in the confirm mail sent to "{{ current_user.email }}")
{% endif %}
© Copyright
TheEvent
. All Rights Reserved
Designed by
BootstrapMade


Ocean [ax36], ocean, in The Inner Sea
Last updated Turn #79
Ocean [ax36], ocean, in The Inner Sea
------------------------------------------------------------------------
22: The Savvy Aardvark [ha5r], ship, 2 hulls, 1 rowing port, 6 sails,
22: 9% damaged, arrived from Ocean [ax37], owner:
22: Phantasm [n4b], Imperial Empire, marquess, with two peasants,
22: eight sailors
23: The Savvy Aardvark [ha5r], ship, 2 hulls, 1 rowing port, 6 sails,
23: 9% damaged, departed for Ocean [ax35].
Routes leaving Ocean:
North, to Ocean [aw36], 6 days
East, to Ocean [ax37], 6 days
South, to Ocean [ay36], 6 days
West, to Ocean [ax35], 6 days
The province is blanketed in fog.
No one can be seen through the fog.


The GbTrackerPlugin constructor instantiates an instance of the
[[GbTracker]] client and attaches it to this plugin's gbTracker
property.
The area in which the tracked actions will occur.
The ID of the client.
A reference to the registry of plugins for later use.
Name of the events plugin.
The value that the GbTrackerPlugin exposes to the Core entity.
Sets event listeners for beacon events.
Returns this plugin's instance of the [[GbTracker]] client.
Triggers a Search beacon. Intended for use as an event listener.
The event containing search tracking data.
Unregister event listeners for beacon events.
Generated using TypeDoc
This plugin is responsible for exposing a [[GbTracker]] instance to Core. It listens for generic beacon events and triggers GroupBy-specific beacons.


This is some text, the fact that the class has no styles means the styles in the components are scoped.


Small highlighted content which scales to its parent’s size. Useful for displaying dynamically changing counts or tickers, drawing attention to new options, or tagging content.
A character string specifying the id of the badge output.
Additional named argument passed as HTML attributes to the parent element.
An expression which returns a character string specifying the label of the badge.
The environment in which to evaluate expr
, defaults to the
calling environment.
One of TRUE
or FALSE
specifying if expr
is a quoted
expression.
Typically, you would use renderBadge()
to update a badge's value. Here we are hard-coding a default value of 7.


News story
CDE Innovation Network event: 13 January 2015, London
The Centre for Defence Enterprise (CDE) held a networking event for science and technology providers in London on 13 January 2015.
It took place in London at De Vere Canary Wharf.
Head of CDE, Andy Nicholson, introduced CDE and gave an overview of proof-of-concept research funding opportunities for innovative science and technology providers. View the presentation slides
CDE launched a themed competition for fully funded contracts on highly robust ground platforms (up to £500,000 available). View the presentation slides
Centre for Defence Enterprise Competition: highly robust ground platforms
Please note that the joining advanced materials and structures themed competition that was also due to launch at this event has been withdrawn from the current programme.
In addition, Military Advisers and technical experts from Dstl (the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory) gave an overview of some areas where innovative research ideas are sought for CDE’s ongoing enduring challenge competition. There will be a focus on protection and materials and structures. View the presentation slides
There were also interesting guest presentations from:
- The Armoured Trials and Development Unit View the presentation slides
- An adviser on Intellectual Property View the presentation slides
- The Manufacturing Advisory Service. View the presentation slides
Bruce Hardie, CDE’s Technology Manager, talked about how to create an effective proposal for CDE funding. View the presentation slides
About CDE
CDE funds novel, high-risk, high-potential-benefit research. We work with the broadest possible range of science and technology providers, including academia and small companies, to develop cost-effective capabilities for UK armed forces and national security.
CDE is part of Dstl.
Centre for Defence Enterprise
Building R103
Fermi Avenue
Harwell Oxford
Oxfordshire
OX11 0QX
Open Monday to Friday 9am to 5pm. Please email for the quickest response.


Green House gasses are gasses that trap energy. Some of the gasses such as water vapor (\(H_20\)) are necessary for maintaining a stable temperature warm enough to supports life. However, growing amounts of other Green House gasses such as carbon dioxide (\(CO_2 \) ), nitrious oxide (\(N_2O\) ), and methane \((CH_4)\) have the effect of increasing the temperature potentially beyond livable conditions. How much energy gets trapped the depends on the molecular make up of the atmosphere.
in-context


Wednesday — August 12, 2020
INSIGHTS
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Which programming language to learn?
Update: Recently colleague Nikolay Kostov made a ranking of languages and
programming technologies as jobs in the Bulgarian software industry (as of September 2015).
The conclusions that I made in 2013, when he first appeared this ranking seems to be continued
in 2015.
The ranking of Nikolay Kostov something like a new version of statistics colleague Miroslav
Miroslavov demand for software engineers in the Bulgarian software industry (as of June 2013).
Then I could not restrain himself to make a comment on these data indicate a slightly
conclusions that we can draw from them.
Rating demand programming languages Bulgarian software industry (September 2015)
The ranking of programming languages in Bulgaria is based on the analysis of active job portal jobs.bg to September 2015
Keyword => Jobs:
SQL => 613
JavaScript => 459
PHP => 385
Java => 285
C# => 284
C / C ++ => 139
Python => 75
Ruby => 44
Objective-C => 28
VisualBasic => 8
Delphi => 6


| Deleting a frame | |
| Deleting frames is, of course, only possible with animated models. An MD3 must have at least 2 frames, before one of them can be removed. If a model contains only 1 frame, it is not possible to remove it. In this example i've loaded the nicely animated MD3 of the waterpump. The animation has 40 frames (from 0 to 39). | |
| Stop playback and select the current frame | |
| When deleting a frame, it is important to stop playback, because the current frame will be removed. Only if You stop playback, You are able to set the current frame with the slider on the 'View'-Tab. | |
| Removing the frame | |
| Select the choice from the menu: "Delete current frame..." | |
| Confirm the deletion: | |
| The frame is gone now.. | |
| When the selected frame has been deleted, a message on the statusbar will appear. Also notice that the animation is now shortened by 1 frame, as indicated by the 'End Frame' value right next to the respective slider. | |


How many times were you frustrated while looking out for a good collection of programming/algorithm/interview questions? What did you expect and what did you get? This portal has been created to provide well written, well thought and well explained solutions for selected questions.Every course is taught by top instructors from the world’s best universities and educational institutions. Courses include recorded video lectures. When you complete a course, you’ll receive a Course Certificate.
Hitesh Munjal Kanika Jindal


| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| org.hsqldb.jdbc |
Contains the HyperSQL JDBC Driver, and other classes providing JDBC
functionality and support.
|
| org.hsqldb.jdbc.pool |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| JDBCClob
The mapping in the Java™ programming language for the SQL
CLOB type. |
| JDBCCommonDataSource
Common base for DataSource implementations.
|
| JDBCConnection |
| JDBCConnectionEventListener |
| JDBCDriver
Provides the java.sql.Driver interface implementation required by
the JDBC specification.
|
| JDBCPreparedStatement
An object that represents a precompiled SQL statement.
|
| JDBCResultSet
A table of data representing a database result set, which
is usually generated by executing a statement that queries the database.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| JDBCCommonDataSource
Common base for DataSource implementations.
|
| JDBCConnection |
| JDBCConnectionEventListener |
Copyright © 2001 - 2017 HSQL Development Group.


Here we provide a list with all the properties that can be passed to our components, their type and default values.
| Property | Required | Type | Default value | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| data | true | array of plain js objects | The data that will be rendered in the table | |
| bordered | false | boolean | false | Whether the .table-bordered class will be applied to the table |
| striped | false | boolean | false | Whether the .table-striped class will be applied to the table |
| responsive | false | boolean | false | Whether the table will be responsive with respect to bootstrap implenetation |
| hover | false | boolean | false | Whether the .table-hover class will be applied to the table |
| condensed | false | boolean | false | Whether the .table-condensed class will be applied to the table |
| pagination | false | boolean | false | Whether the table should include pagination. If set to true the table data will be split to pages and a pagination component will be shown that will allow moving between pages. |
| pageSize | false | number | 10 | The amount of entries that each page hold when pagination is active. |
| maxPages | false | number | 5 | The number of pages that will be visible in the pagination component. |
| searchable | false | boolean | false | Whether the table data should be searchable. If enabled a search box will be shown that will allow filtering data and showing only matching records. |
| totalsRowClass | false | string | Define the class name for the totals row. |
| Property | Required | Type | Default value | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| property | true | string | The property from the provided objects in table data that should be used to render this column. | |
| name | false | string | The label of the column. It will be displayed in the table head if provided. | |
| format | false | function(cell, row) | The function that given as inputs the cell and row data should return the formatted value as it should be displayed in the table cell. | |
| formatTotal | false | function(cell, row) | The function that given as inputs the cell and row data should return the format that the total will be displayed in the table for the given column. | |
| showTotal | false | boolean | false | Whether the total for the given column should be shown or not. |
| sortable | false | boolean | false | Whether this column allows sorting or not. |
| includeInSearch | false | boolean | false | Whether this column should participate in the filtering being performed when saerch is enabled for the table data. |
| align | false | string (allowed: left, center, right) | left | Define the alignment for the column. |
| searchCaseSensitive | false | boolean | false | Define whether you want search for this column to be case sensitive or not. |


object GameController
This object handles the game flow and GameState. This class represents the referee mentioned in this paper, see https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f35c/df2b5cb1a36d703ab6c4a4d80cbaaf3cc603.pdf
gameMode |
var gameMode: GameMode |
moveHistory |
Contains the move history for the current game. val moveHistory: MutableMap<PlayerId, MutableList<Move>> |
playerPieces |
lateinit var playerPieces: Map<Player, List<Piece>> |
players |
lateinit var players: Array<Player> |
state |
var state: GameState |
acceptDraw |
Accepts the draw and ends the game. fun acceptDraw(): Unit |
end |
This method is called when a player won the game. The game freezes and the EndScreen is displayed. fun end(gameResult: GameResult): Unit |
init |
Init the object with this method. If not called before usage an exception is thrown. fun init(engine: Engine, gameMode: GameMode): GameController |
offerDraw |
Offers a draw to the other player. fun offerDraw(): Unit |
OnDataReceivedEvent |
CommunicationHandler event if data was received. fun OnDataReceivedEvent(event: DataReceivedEvent): Unit |
onErrorEvent |
CommunicationHandler event occurs the connection was lost. Show connection lost dialog and returns to MainMenuScreen. fun onErrorEvent(event: OnErrorEvent): Unit |
run |
This method runs and updates the GameState. It should be called every frame by the game loop. fun run(): Unit |
surrender |
Surrenders the current game. The game is lost. fun surrender(): Unit |


Wait for it to complete, then
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Authorized Distributor of
IoT Products at offer:
iMCU
IOP is the Internet Offload Processor, the one-chip solution that integrates MCU and Hardwired TCP/IP cores.
Product Family
– W7500: ARM Cortex-M0, 128KB Flash, Hardwired TCP/IP, 802.3 Ethernet MAC
– W7500P: ARM Cortex-M0, 128KB Flash, Hardwired TCP/IP, 802.3 Ethernet MAC w/ PHY
– W7100A: 80c51 compatible core, 64KB Flash, Hardwired TCP/IP, MAC w/ PHY
Pre-programmed iMCU
WIZnet MCU products which S2E firmware is programmed on
Product Family
– W7500(P)-S2E: W7500 / W7500P pre-programmed MCU products (S2E Firmware)
Embedded Module
The ‘Serial to Ethernet’ (S2E) Products are the gateway that converts UART (TTL, RS-232 or RS-422/485) protocol into TCP/IP. It enables remote gauging, managing and control of TCP/IP devices through a UART serial interface. WIZnet S2E module supports a wide range of pin header types and hardware interfaces.
Ethernet Controller W6000 Series
iEthernet is the Ethernet controller chip that includes hardwired TCP/IP Core & MAC (&PHY).
Product Family
– W6100: IPv4/IPv6,Hardwired TCP/IP w/ 802.3 Ethernet MAC and PHY, 8-sockets, Fast SPI/BUS
Ethernet Controller W5000 Series
iEthernet is the Ethernet controller chip that includes hardwired TCP/IP Core & MAC (&PHY).
Product Family
– W5100S: Hardwired TCP/IP w/ 802.3 Ethernet MAC and PHY, 4-sockets, Fast SPI/BUS
– W5500: Hardwired TCP/IP w/ 802.3 Ethernet MAC and PHY, 8-sockets, Fast SPI
– W5300: Hardwired TCP/IP w/ 802.3 Ethernet MAC and PHY, 8-sockets, High-throughput
– W5100: Hardwired TCP/IP w/ 802.3 Ethernet MAC and PHY, 4-sockets
– W3150A+: Hardwired TCP/IP w/ 802.3 Ethernet MAC, 4-sockets
S2E: Serial to Ethernet Module
The ‘Serial to Ethernet’ (S2E) Products are the gateway that converts UART (TTL, RS-232 or RS-422/485) protocol into TCP/IP. It enables remote gauging, managing and control of TCP/IP devices through a UART serial interface. WIZnet S2E module supports a wide range of pin header types and hardware interfaces.
io Module
WIZnet Network IO module includes an iEthernet chip & MAG-JACK (RJ45 with X’FMR). As no effort is required to interface iEthernet chip and Transformer, Network module is the ideal option for users who want to develop their Internet enabling system rapidly.
Product Family
– WIZ850io: W5500 w/ MagJack, Compact size(Hardware compatible with WIZ820io)
– WIZ550io: W5500 w/ MagJack, Unique MAC Address, Auto-configurable
– WIZ820io: W5200 w/ MagJack, Compact Size
– WIZ810MJ: W5100 w/ MagJack, 2mm pitch, No PCB Through-hole
– WIZ811MJ: W5100 w/ MagJack, 2.54mm pitch, Two PCB Through-hole
– WIZ812MJ: W5100 w/ MagJack, 2.54mm pitch, Four PCB Through-hole
– WIZ830MJ: W5300 w/ MagJack High-throughput
Wi-Fi Module
WIZnet’s WizFi modules offer a quick, easy, and cost-effective way for device and appliance manufacturers to add WiFi capabilities to their products. They provide UART or SPI interfaces which enable connections to any 8/16/32-bit microcontroller via simple AT commands.


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A collection of box-geometry model (BGM) files for the Atlantis ecosystem model. Atlantis is a deterministic, biogeochemical, whole-of-ecosystem model (see <http://atlantis.cmar.csiro.au/> for more information).
| Version: | 0.0.6 |
| Suggests: | testthat, covr |
| Published: | 2016-08-10 |
| Author: | Michael D. Sumner [aut, cre] |
| Maintainer: | Michael D. Sumner <mdsumner at gmail.com> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/AustralianAntarcticDivision/bgmfiles/issues/ |
| License: | CC0 |
| URL: | https://github.com/AustralianAntarcticDivision/bgmfiles/ |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | bgmfiles results |
| Reference manual: | bgmfiles.pdf |
| Package source: | bgmfiles_0.0.6.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: bgmfiles_0.0.6.zip, r-release: bgmfiles_0.0.6.zip, r-oldrel: bgmfiles_0.0.6.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: bgmfiles_0.0.6.tgz, r-oldrel: bgmfiles_0.0.6.tgz |
| Old sources: | bgmfiles archive |
| Reverse suggests: | rbgm |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=bgmfiles to link to this page.


Standards for Flexible and Sustainable Code
A guide that everyone gripes about not having but doesn't follow when they do.
Introduction
All code in any code base should look like a single person typed it, no matter how many people contributed. Strive to maintain standards and semantics, but don’t sacrifice pragmatism. Use the least amount of markup with the fewest intricacies whenever possible.
Basic Syntax
- Use soft-tabs with two spaces
- Nested elements should be indented once (2 spaces)
- Always use double quotes
"
, never single quotes '
- Don’t include a trailing slash in self-closing elements
Attribute Order
HTML attributes should come in this particular order for easier reading of code.
- class
- id
- data-*
- for|type|href
CSS Styling
- Use soft-tabs with two spaces
- When grouping selectors, keep individual selectors to a single line
- Include one space before the opening brace of declaration blocks
- Place closing braces of declaration blocks on a new line
- Each declaration should appear on its own line
- Comma-separated values should include a space after each comma
- Don’t include spaces after commas in RGB or RGBa colors, and don’t preface values with a leading zero
Declaration Order
Group all related declarations together. This means placing positioning and box-model properties closest to the top, followed by typographic and visual properties.
Formatting Exceptions
In some cases, it makes sense to deviate slightly from the default syntax.
Prefixed Properties
When using vendor prefixed properties, indent each property such that the value lines up vertically for easy multi-line editing.
Rules with Single Declarations
In instances where several rules are present with only one declaration each, consider removing new line breaks for readability and faster editing.
Class Names
- Keep classes lowercase and use dashes (not underscores or camelCase)
- Avoid arbitrary shorthand notation
- Keep classes as short and succinct as possible
- Use meaningful names; use structural or purposeful names over presentational
Learn More
Read up on the entire code guide at http://codeguide.co.


3 writes to HelpFile
System.Management.Automation (3)
engine\InitialSessionState.cs (3)
720
HelpFile
= helpFile;
755
HelpFile
= helpFile;
792
HelpFile
= help;
2 references to HelpFile
System.Management.Automation (2)
engine\InitialSessionState.cs (1)
782
SessionStateFunctionEntry entry = new SessionStateFunctionEntry(Name, Definition, Options, Visibility, ScriptBlock,
HelpFile
);
engine\SessionStateFunctionAPIs.cs (1)
28
FunctionInfo fn = this.SetFunction(entry.Name, sb, null, entry.Options, false, CommandOrigin.Internal, this.ExecutionContext, entry.
HelpFile
, true);


Trump defends an unlikely target: Joe Biden
WASHINGTON (AP) - President Donald Trump is defending an unlikely target: Joe Biden.
Trump is responding to North Korea calling the former vice president and Democratic candidate a "rabid dog" who "must be beaten to death with a stick."
Trump says in a tweeted message to North Korean leader Kim Jong Un that Biden "may be Sleepy and Very Slow," but says, "he is not a ‘rabid dog'" and "is actually somewhat better than that."
 He's also hinting at another meeting, writing, "See you soon!"
The tweet comes amid an impeachment investigation into Trump's push for Ukraine to announce an investigation into Biden and his son, Hunter.
Copyright 2019 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


American Colonial Period Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral Jerrold Tarog 2018 | 2 hr 35 min pg-13 nation buildingbiopicpolitics
American Colonial Period Heneral Luna Jerrold Tarog 2015 | 1 hr 58 min R-13 nation buildingbiopicpolitics
american colonial period Minsa'y Isang Gamu-Gamo Lupita Concio 1976 | 1 hr 39 min pg-13 Family DynamicsWomencolonialism
japanese occupation Tatlong Taong Walang Diyos Mario O'Hara 1976 | 2 hr 5 min pg-13 family dynamicshuman rights


Namespace SpiceSharpBehavioral.Parsers
Classes
Derivatives<T>
Keeps track of derivatives
DoubleDerivatives
A specific implementation of derivatives for doubles.
ExpressionTreeDerivativeParser
This class can parse expressions into methods. It uses linq expressions to build the methods. This class will not work for platforms that do not support dynamic code generation.
ExpressionTreeDerivativePropertyEventArgs
Event arguments for finding Spice properties for the ExpressionTreeDerivativeParser.
ExpressionTreeDerivatives
A specific implementation of derivatives for expression trees.
ExpressionTreeParser
Allows parsing expressions into a method. The method signature should match the expression.
ExpressionTreeSpicePropertyEventArgs
Event arguments for finding spice properties for the ExpressionTreeDerivativeParser.
FunctionFoundEventArgs<T>
Event arguments used when a function is found.
ParserException
A parser exception
ShuntingYard
An expression parser that provides methods for parsing expressions using the Dijkstra's Shunting Yard algorithm. It can convert an expression in infix expression into Reverse Polish Notation (RPN).
SimpleDerivativeParser
This class can parse expressions into methods. It uses nested method calls to build the methods. This class will probably run on most platforms.
SimpleDerivativePropertyEventArgs
Event arguments for finding properties of a SimpleDerivativeParser.
SimpleParser
Allows parsing an expression using only doubles.
SimpleSpicePropertyEventArgs
Event arguments for finding spice properties in a SimpleParser.
SpiceParser
A class capable of parsing Spice-like arithmetic
SpiceProperty
Event arguments for
SpicePropertyFoundEventArgs<T>
Event arguments used when a Spice property is found.
StandardArithmeticParser
A class capable of applying the Shunting Yard algorithm for standard arithmetic rules. This means it has precedence and associativity built in for the unary operator positive, negative and not. It describes the binary operators addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulo, powers, equality, non-equality, or, and greater/less (or equal) than and the ternary operator. It also supports brackets and function calls.
VariableFoundEventArgs<T>
Event arguments used when a variable was found.
Interfaces
IDerivatives
Interface for storing and managing derivatives.
IParser<T>
Describes a class that parses an expression.
ISpiceDerivativeParser<T>
Interface for parsers that can also derive to variables.


Create a folder named “pySpark”. Create a virtual environment “venv” in “pySpark” folder
(base) C:\Users\Aadi\pyspark>.\venv\Scripts\activate.bat
(venv) (base) C:\Users\Aadi\pyspark>pip install pyspark
(base) C:\Users\Aadi\pyspark>.\venv\Scripts\activate.bat
(venv) (base) C:\Users\Aadi\pyspark>pip --version
pip 20.1.1 from c:\users\aadi\pyspark\venv\lib\site-packages\pip (python 3.8)
(venv) (base) C:\Users\Aadi\pyspark>pip install pyspark
Collecting pyspark
Using cached pyspark-3.0.1.tar.gz (204.2 MB)
Collecting py4j==0.10.9
Using cached py4j-0.10.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl (198 kB)
Using legacy setup.py install for pyspark, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Installing collected packages: py4j, pyspark
Running setup.py install for pyspark ... done
Successfully installed py4j-0.10.9 pyspark-3.0.1
WARNING: You are using pip version 20.1.1; however, version 21.0 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'c:\users\aadi\pyspark\venv\scripts\python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.


ICP port: The port number where Squid sends and receives ICP requests to and from neighbor caches. Default is 3130. To disable use "0". May be overridden with -u on the command line.
Incoming TCP Address: Defaults to none. Defines the HTTP socket which accepts connections from clients and other caches.
Outgoing TCP Address: Defaults to none. Defines the HTTP socket for connections made to remote servers and other caches.
Outgoing UDP Address: Defaults to none. Defines the ICP socket receiving packets from other caches.
Incoming UDP Address: Defaults to none. Defines the socket for ICP packets being sent out to other caches.
TCP receive buffer: Size of the TCP buffer. Defaults to the OS receive buffer.


Attack is described in details into this article.
To resume, it's the capacity from a new opened page to act on parent page's content or location via the back link exposed by the opener javascript object instance.
It apply to html link or javascript window.open function using the attribute/instruction target to specify a target loading location that do not replace the current location and then let the current window/tab available.
To prevent this issue the following actions are available:
Cut the back link between the parent and the child pages:
- For html link:
- To cut this back link then add the attribute rel="noopener" on the tag used to create the link from the parent page to the child page. This attribute value cut the link but, depending on the browser, let referrer information be present in the request to the child page.
- To remove also the referrer information then use this attribute value: rel="noopener noreferrer".
- For javascript window.open function, add the values noopener,noreferrer in the windowFeatures parameter of the window.open function.
As the behavior using the elements above is different between the browsers either using html link or javascript to open a window (or tab) then use this configuration to maximize the cross supports:
- For html link, add the attribute rel="noopener noreferrer" for every links.
- For Javascript, use this function to open a window (or tab):
function openPopup(url, name, windowFeatures){
//Open the popup and set the opener and referrer policy instruction
var newWindow = window.open(url, name, 'noopener,noreferrer,' + windowFeatures);
//Reset the opener link
newWindow.opener = null;
}
- Add the HTTP response header Referrer-Policy: no-referrer to every HTTP responses send by the application (Header Referrer-Policy information. This configuration will ensure that no referrer information is sent along with requests from page.
Compatibility matrix:
noopener
noreferrer
referrer-policy