We only recommend instant messenger programs or apps that support end-to-end encryption (E2EE). When E2EE is used, all transmissions (messages, voice, video, etc.) are encrypted before they are sent from your device. E2EE protects both the authenticity and confidentiality of the transmission as they pass through any part of the network (servers, etc.).
All the client programs/apps we chose are free and open-source software unless otherwise mentioned. This to ensure that the code can be independently verified by experts now and in the future.
We have described the three main types of messaging programs that exist: Centralized, Federated and Peer-to-Peer (P2P), with the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Centralized messengers are those where every participant is on the same server or network of servers controlled by the same organization.
{% include legacy/cardv2.html title="Signal" image="/assets/img/legacy_svg/3rd-party/signal.svg" description='Signal is a mobile app developed by Signal Messenger LLC. The app provides instant messaging, as well as voice and video calling. All communications are E2EE unless you choose to send as SMS. Its protocol has also been indepedently audited (PDF)' labels="color==warning::text==Requires phone number::tooltip==Signal requires your phone number as an personal identifier which means anyone you communicate with will see it.|text==VoIP" website="https://signal.org/" privacy-policy="https://signal.org/legal/" github="https://github.com/signalapp" windows="https://signal.org/download/" mac="https://signal.org/download/" linux="https://signal.org/download/" googleplay="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.thoughtcrime.securesms" android="https://signal.org/android/apk/#apk-danger" ios="https://apps.apple.com/app/signal-private-messenger/id874139669" %}Federated messengers use multiple, independent servers that are able to talk to each other (email is one example of a federated service). Federation allows system administrators to control their own server and still be a part of the larger communications network.
{% include legacy/cardv2.html title="Element" image="/assets/img/legacy_svg/3rd-party/element.svg" description='Element (formerly Riot) is the reference client for the Matrix network. The Matrix open standard is an open-source standard for secure (audit), decentralized, real-time communication.' labels="text==VoIP" website="https://element.io" privacy-policy="https://element.io/privacy" github="https://github.com/vector-im/element-web" windows="https://element.io/get-started" mac="https://element.io/get-started" linux="https://element.io/get-started" fdroid="https://f-droid.org/packages/im.vector.app/" googleplay="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=im.vector.app" ios="https://apps.apple.com/app/vector/id1083446067" web="https://app.element.io" %}Peer-to-Peer instant messengers connect directly to each other without requiring third-party servers. Clients (peers) usually find each other through the use of a distributed computing network. Examples of this include DHT (distributed hash table) (used with technologies like torrents and IPFS, for example). Another approach is proximity based networks, where a connection is established over WiFi or Bluetooth (for example, Briar or the Scuttlebutt social networking protocol). Once a peer has found a route to its contact via any of these methods, a direct connection between them is made.
{% include legacy/cardv2.html title="Briar" image="/assets/img/legacy_svg/3rd-party/briar.svg" description="Encrypted instant messenger that connects to contacts via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or Tor over the internet to synchronize messages. Technology such as this has proven to be useful when Internet availability is an issue, such as in times of crisis." website="https://briarproject.org" privacy-policy="https://briarproject.org/privacy-policy/" gitlab="https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar" fdroid="https://f-droid.org/packages/org.briarproject.briar.android/" googleplay="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.briarproject.briar.android" %} {% include legacy/cardv2.html title="Jami" image="/assets/img/legacy_svg/3rd-party/jami.svg" description='Encrypted instant messaging and video calling software. All communications are E2EE using TLS 1.3 and never stored outside the client, even when TURN servers are used.' labels="color==warning::link==https://git.jami.net/savoirfairelinux/ring-project/issues/765::text==Warning::tooltip==This software is partially centralized but can be self-hosted.|text==VoIP" website="https://jami.net/" privacy-policy="https://jami.net/privacy-policy/" gitlab="https://git.jami.net/savoirfairelinux" windows="https://jami.net/download-jami-windows" mac="https://jami.net/download-jami-macos" linux="https://jami.net/download-jami-linux" fdroid="https://f-droid.org/packages/cx.ring/" googleplay="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=cx.ring" ios="https://itunes.apple.com/app/ring-a-gnu-package/id1306951055?mt=8" %}


Curator and Index Lifecycle Managementedit
Beginning with Elasticsearch version 6.6, Elasticsearch has provided Index Lifecycle Management (or, ILM) to users with at least a Basic license. ILM provides users with many of the most common index management features as a matter of policy, rather than execution time analysis (which is how Curator works).


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113489-new-members/topic/Difference.20between.20def.20and.20let.html ---
What is the difference between let and def? For example I wanted in the whole file to have
def B : set V := closed_ball 0 1
but then in a later proof I use
intros x hx,
while showing that B is contained in something but it doesn't work. However, if I use let it does work.
Let and def are morally similar but live in different syntactic classes. As for your particular example we need more context, preferably a MWE
What is a MWE?
minimal working example
Ok so here is a not quite minimal example and I don't understand why the declaration of the example has type problems.
variables {V : Type*} [normed_group V] [complete_space V] [normed_space ℝ V] def B' : set V := closed_ball 0 1 example : B' ⊆ ⋃ (a : V) (H : a ∈ B'), ball a 0.5 := begin sorry end
MWE with imports
import analysis.normed_space.basic open metric variables {V : Type*} [normed_group V] [complete_space V] [normed_space ℝ V] def B' : set V := closed_ball 0 1 example : B' ⊆ ⋃ (a : V) (H : a ∈ B'), ball a 0.5 := begin sorry end
The problem is that V
is an implicit argument to B'
and Lean cannot infer this argument
Writing a ∈ (B' : set V)
fixes the problem.
Oh ok thank you!
In particular, variables
are not "fixed" throughout a section.
Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


Image Screen-Shot-2018-12-15-at-01-17-21 hosted in imgbb.com
First sapling block on Pirate
bishop15-Dec-18 01:49 AM
Pretty damn seamless fork across many chains
KMD
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Jules - coinblockers.com15-Dec-18 01:54 AM
Can confirm. Coinblockers just found our first block in sapling range. good Job with the daemon @jl777c
1
Vertigo15-Dec-18 01:57 AM
So is it safe to send transactions now?
blackjok3r15-Dec-18 01:59 AM
if you are on the right version it should work just fine
Vertigo15-Dec-18 01:59 AM
From digital price to my wallet?
mrlynch15-Dec-18 02:09 AM
try a small amount first
Vertigo15-Dec-18 02:24 AM
Went through
grewalsatinder15-Dec-18 02:44 AM
Congratulations Komodo Platform Ecosystem and community for the biggest hardfork event going smoothly and upgrading to Sapling simultaneously. Biggest day in Komodo project's history.
Special thanks to @jl777c and @miketout(edited)
10
4
3
Vertigo15-Dec-18 02:47 AM
This is amazing I hope everyday crypto people hears about this.
bishop15-Dec-18 02:47 AM
and not a single news site will pick this up
It's the komodo way
Vertigo15-Dec-18 02:49 AM
Maybe if we go outside and shout as hard as we can.
What amount of kmd qualifies you as a whale? I want to get there one day lol
ComputerGenie 👴👴👴15-Dec-18 02:56 AM
so many screens full of peer=x using obsolete version 170003; disconnecting, so little time
hellcatz15-Dec-18 02:57 AM
Sapling based transactions are working, I've done T -> Z and Z -> many T with change back to Z
Pretty sure that was the first multichain hardforking, and was about 50 chains. With the timestamp based activation (newly developed for this), it is now possible to do an ecosystem wide hardfork, regardless of how many chains there are
Your eloquent use of the English language, your unique understanding of history or the world in general, whatever brought you here please accept this slow cl...
blubbi15-Dec-18 03:18 AM
once again it shows up the Cryptosphere isnt ready for deep tech knowledge, its all media based yet, who shouds out loudest wins
jl777c15-Dec-18 03:18 AM
yes, look at SV, the loudest shouter of recent days
miketout15-Dec-18 03:18 AM
Congratulations to Komodo, @jl777c, and all Komodo devs and community members for a successful hardfork across the entire ecosystem!!(edited)
12
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7
6
bishop15-Dec-18 03:27 AM
i guess, just another technical first for komodo welp, fresh lows coming
1/tech
jl777c15-Dec-18 03:28 AM
first post-fork notarizations (not counting the VRSC ones)
would have been much sooner, but I goofed and didnt hardfork the notarization p2p network until half hour ago
that seems to be the only thing that went wrong for the ecosystem hard fork, so far
likely there will be some minor issues here and there, which will we solve after getting some rest
once notarizations are smooth, we will let the exchanges know they can enable wallets.
bishop15-Dec-18 03:30 AM
We have sapling before the next NN election, that's a win
jl777c15-Dec-18 03:31 AM
we will come up with easy ways for people to migrate their sprout zaddr funds, as sprout will be deprecated on feb 15th. so lots of time and really it seems only PIRATE has any significant amount in zaddrs at this time
Nice work guys, this is a super exciting and amazing accomplishment. The Komodo team continues to innovate and push crypto forward and it's a lot of fun to watch. Proud of all of you and what this project has been able to make happen.
@KomodoWorld @KomodoPlatform @Jl777News @bennydoda01 @BarterDex @HyperDEXApp Lets remove all $KMD off exchanges and into the new #AGAMA wallet for atomic swap only on 3rd Jan 2019. We can stress test the centralized exchanges and stop any price manipulations.
1
please re-tweet to your twitter feed if you can participate in holding your own KMD on chain in your own seed...
The finals have started! The communities of @Aion_Network @KomodoPlatform @H_O_LO and @wavesplatform will decide which is best! Vote and RT for your favorite coin, so they can win the $525 native ad and the best publicity on https://t.co/I04Pzhn5Fi !
$AION $KMD $HOT $...
Multichain hardforking with timestamp based activation was a new development in @KomodoPlatform
This method since worked out perfectly fine, would make it easier for future multichain hardfork upgrades possible no matter what amount of multiple blockchains there'll be.
I would like to take today and @KomodoPlatform technical hardfork to remind everyone that the entire ETH ecosystem could operate on its own independent chain on the $KMD platform and it would have no effect on any other chains in the KMD ecosystem... hows that for scalabil...
Anyone mind retweeting or liking this. Just wanna spread the KMD love
On this historic day
Torankoku15-Dec-18 08:17 PM
Congratulations on the update, kmd team!
Keep up the good work
8
2
jl777c16-Dec-18 01:47 AM
now that the sapling is activated on all the chains that didnt opt-out, it is time to convert any zfunds you have in sprout addresses to sapling. There is 2 months to do this, but no sense to wait, sapling is literally 100x faster. for all chains other than PIRATE, it is rather simple. Make a new taddr and a sapling address. Then send all sprout funds to the taddr and then all taddr funds into sapling address.
./komodo-cli -ac_name=NAME getnewaddress
./komodo-cli -ac_name=NAME z_getnewaddress
./komodo-cli -ac_name=NAME z_sendmany "sproutzaddr" "[{"address":"taddr","amount":<total - 0.0001>}]"
./komodo-cli -ac_name=NAME z_sendmany "taddr" "[{"address":"saplingaddr","amount":<total - 0.0002>}]"
sprout address starts with 'zc'
taddr starts with 'R'
sapling address starts with 'zs'
total is the total amount in the sprout address
Alternatively, there is a zmigrate cli program that can be built and uses as follows (from ~/komodo/src)
cc/dapps/makedapps
./zmigrate NAME saplingzaddr
3
2
3
Hermes16-Dec-18 01:50 AM
Adding it to knowledgebase.
jl777c16-Dec-18 01:54 AM
It is STRONGLY recommended that all zaddr usage be converted to sapling addresses as sprout addresses will be deprecated on Feb 15th. Any funds that are still left in sprout addresses after Feb 15th, will just be stuck and effectively burnt. Other than PIRATE, there isnt that much long term usage of zaddrs, but still it would be a shame to burn your coins by not migrating to sapling.
https://www.dexstats.info/explorers.php has a zFunds column, second rightmost. so we can see how much are in zaddrs. If you have put funds into zaddr, please dont forget to convert to sapling, or at least get it back into taddr form


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Efficient DNN Training Summary Model compression has been extensively studied for light-weight inference, popular means includes network pruning, weight factorization, network quantization, and neural architecture search among many others. On the other hand, the literature on efficient training appears to be much sparser, DNN training still requires us to fully train the over-parameterized neural network. Here we focus on reducing total training times and training energy cost, aiming at the deployment on resource-constrainted platforms, e.
Accepted as spotlight oral paper! Abstract: (Frankle & Carbin, 2019) shows that there exist winning tickets (small but critical subnetworks) for dense, randomly initialized networks, that can be trained alone to achieve comparable accuracies to the latter in a similar number of iterations. However, the identification of these winning tickets still requires the costly train-prune-retrain process, limiting their practical benefits. In this paper, we discover for the first time that the winning tickets can be identified at the very early training stage, which we term as early-bird (EB) tickets, via low-cost training schemes (e.


Mohit Pandey
Fullstack developer
Python/ django developer, Data Science and AI/ML enthusiast
{% load static %}
The OpenVINO™ toolkit is an open source product. It contains the Deep Learning Deployment Toolkit (DLDT) for Intel® processors (for CPUs), Intel® Processor Graphics (for GPUs), and heterogeneous support. It includes an open model zoo with pretrained models, samples, and demos.
There are three models available on this webapp. Once you chose your model and Image, It is passed to Inference Engine of the OPENVINO Toolkit for your prediction.
It takes approximately fifteen to thirty seconds to run.
It's free. It's an open source project.
FullStack Developer
Oracle Database Associate, Embedded system enthusiast, Android & Blockchain Developer, Linux advocate & data scientist.


x
NutriPlan is an innovatively simple new platform to help you accelerate your transition to a healtthy lifestyle. Create balanced diet plans and menus to meet your personal requirements and goals. are you ready to START?
START
choose your body type here
different people have a different dietary standard
Interaction:
click the button
Effect:
the shape of "supplementary" and the scale in "design your diet" will be changed
SHOW
NEXT
backgroud: product contribution
x-axis: nutrient contents (low->high)
y-axis: how many products in each content
Interaction:
select an area you want to
Effect:
the result in the following triangular plot will be changed. it will only show the products fit your selection.
SHOW
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line: contents of each nutrient
center -> outside
low -> high
Interaction:
move the point on the line
Effect:
the result in the following triangular plot will be changed. it will only show the products fit your selection.
SHOW
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icon:
main allergy sources
Interaction:
click the icon that you can't eat
Effect:
the icon will be colored.
it will filter out the products that contain that ingredients in the following triangular plot. the number on the left will show proportion of items left according to your selection.
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icon:
mian food categories
Interaction:
click the icon that you don't like
Effect:
the icon will be grey.
it will delete the products that belong to this category in the following triangular plot. the number on the left will show proportion of items left according to your selection.
SHOW
NEXT
present in three different ways to cluster food according to three different nutrient types
Interaction:
click the button of different nutrient types
Effect:
the triangular plot will be organised in different ways.
SHOW
NEXT
the size of bubbles is serving size
Interaction:
move the point to choose a range of serving size. small to larger portion
Effect:
it will filter the result of such range of serving size in the triangular plot.
SHOW
NEXT
the size of bubbles is serving size
the color is a merge of the contents of different nutrient
the position is the contents of different nutrient
Interaction:
hover the bubble
Effect:
it will show the name of this product
SHOW
NEXT
the color is different nutrient
the angle is the proportion of this nutrient in this nutrient type
the length is the nutrient contents compare with diertary standard
Interaction:
click the bubble
Effect:
it will show the contents and proportion of different nutrients in the nutrient type
SHOW
NEXT
The color represents different products corresponding to the color in the triangular plot above.
the color in the tags, calories and nutrients are associated.
the angle in calories pie chart represents calories of each food and the number shows the total calories.
the angle in the second pie chart shows the proportion of three different energy-source nutrients from the meal aggregating from all selected dishes.
the length in nutrient bar is the contents.
which the total length corresponds to the dietray standard.
the bar will turn red, if the contents exceeds the dietary standard.
Interaction:
double click the bubble
Effect:
the product will be added to the chosen list.
the contents of calories, energy source, nutrients will be changed, so the appearance will be changed.
SHOW
NEXT
the name in the list corresponds to the product shown in the polar pie chart on the left.
Interaction:
search in the search area
click the name of product
Effect:
it will find the product that you search.
if you click the name of product, it will only show it on the polar pie chart.
if you click it again, it will cancel selection
SHOW
FINISH


We’ll forward your entire complaint to each company and request they respond within 15 days of receiving it.
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This company name is often mistaken for other companies!
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Kickstarting at the Local Level
After successfully funding Real Python via Kickstarter, I have become more and more interested in the types of people (or companies) who use Kickstarter as a means of raising capital.
We know that Kickstarter is the go-to crowd-funding source for artists, new technology ventures, and various other unique products. But now it’s starting to gain more notoriety at the local level. Local Businesses are realizing what Kickstarter can do and are finding new ways to take advantage of its benefits.
To delve into what makes local Kickstarters so unique we spoke to Chris Morell, one of the founders at Drip’d Coffee, a local coffee bar in the Inner Sunset District of San Francisco. Drip’d ran a successful Kickstarter earlier this year, raising $3,854 of their $3,700 goal. (I live in the Inner Sunset and personally put in a WHOPPING $10 to their campaign.)
Analyzing their campaign has allowed me to see the differences in the approach of local business Kickstarters, to everyone else - specifically, to how I approached marketing my campaign.
The main differences are WHAT local business are using Kickstarter for, WHO they are trying to reach, and HOW they are reaching them.
Contents
- WHAT are local business using Kickstarter for?
- WHO are they trying to reach?
- HOW are they reaching them?
WHAT are local business using Kickstarter for?
Many local businesses on Kickstarter are not looking for full funding, like many of the other projects you will see. These local businesses are using Kickstarter as a platform to get a “piece” of their business funded. The “piece” that Drip’d needed some extra funding for was their special expresso machine. As Chris said, “customers can come into the shop and know that they helped purchase our coffee machine and feel good about it”.
You want to make sure that everyone is benefiting from the Kickstarter. If it is helping an existing business stay a float or giving a new business the extra kick it needs, Kickstarter is a great tool to make it happen.
WHO are they trying to reach?
The main goal of a Local Kickstarter is to reach out to and embrace the surrounding community. It’s all about getting the word out. Letting the community know that your business is innovating and working hard to be the best business for its community. Local Kickstarters are reaching out more to connections they have already have; it’s about digging through contacts and showing these people your current projects. Drip’d knew they would get the most support from the people who knew them or knew someone who knew them - the people within their community.
But don’t forget, the Kickstarter bonus is that you never know who may stumble upon your page and decide that they are interested in backing the project, even if they are from a different community!
HOW are they reaching them?
The great part about a local Kickstarter is that it is a marketing tool in itself. Regardless of whether you succeed or not, people are going to see or hear about the Kickstarter and remember the business it came from. The key to the marketing campaign is a great social media campaign. Drip’d used its company and individual social profiles to spread the word. Having friends or family repost for you is always a great idea. You want to keep the marketing more friendly. It is for the community and the marketing approach should stay in line with that.
That said, surprisingly, local media, which could have provided a huge boost failed to pick up on the Kickstarter:
“We did do some outreach with the Kickstarter campaign to local press, but believe it or not, many publications now have a ‘no Kickstarter’ policy where they won’t cover crowd-funding projects. It’s understandable, but also quite limiting to spreading the word.”
Drip’d used many of the same tactics I used with regard to marketing:
- Reaching out to friends, family, and personal acquaintances
- Targeting the local community
- Focusing on social networks
The problem they had is quite obvious: Unlike my product, they had to primarily target the local community, whereas my backers were from all over the world. I had a significantly larger audience to work with.
How can local Kickstarters take advantage of this? After all, in such a tight-knit neighborhood that Drip’d operates in, how could they have leveraged the community better?
“It gets tricky,” Chris said, “with Kickstarter and reaching your targeted local community if you’re not up and running as a business. The challenge is reaching a community where you’re yet to have a real presence. Doing something like setting up a pour-over coffee booth at the local farmer’s market would have been ideal, but you wouldn’t believe the permitting requirements just to do that. At the time, we didn’t have the manpower or time to work that out. Same goes for nearby neighborhoods.
“Launching the campaign a few months after opening could have generated more buzz and we’d have had access to a customer base and a means to promote. But at the same time, having the backer funding earlier was a big help. So it’s a trade-off.”
Perhaps it falls onto those within the community to start taking more notice of these local Kickstarters?
These are the projects that have the power to affect us and our community on a more direct, everyday level. The issue is that finding such projects is quite difficult, which begs the question: Are people even looking for local projects on Kickstarter?
I don’t have an answer for you. I know that I seek out local projects, and I know that many of my acquaintances are as well. Cities such as Chicago have taken it a step further, beginning seed Chicago, a project to draw attention to all local Chicago Kickstarter projects.
Now if we can just take this even further: Create a way for all cities to have a way to quickly and easily identify the Kickstarters within their community.
People love to help fund projects they can watch grow. Now we just need to bridge that connection, to take crowd-funding to the next level.


History
OBF grows out of volunteer projects BioPerl, BioJava and BioPython and is formally incorporated.
Bylaws enacted for the first time and formal membership created.
Giving up of own incorporation and association with Software In The Public Interest, Inc


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Welcome to the web app. This app will display all the users on github and their repo after searching. And after clicking on a particular repo, it will take you to the specified link
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Transaction performance
Download data about the performance of transactions used to deliver Government services.
Citizens make use of Government services by interacting with one or more transactions through online or offline channels. A transaction is the whole process that a person needs to go through to create, update, or delete the information that Government holds about an individual, legal entity or physical item.
Data last updated: 26th April 2016
About the data
The data is provided as a CSV file. A line in the file represents one transaction and is made up of data items, each of which is either a characteristic, metric or some other supporting information about the transaction.
Characteristics are useful for sorting, filtering and aggregating data in the file, and for comparing metrics across transactions on a like-for-like basis.
Metrics indicate how many citizens used a transaction during a period of time, and the total operating cost (excluding fixed costs) of meeting this demand.
Supporting information is included about what a transaction does, where it can be found, and who is responsible for the data provided about it.
Here is a list of the data items that will be provided for each transaction when you choose to download all data:
Characteristics
- Department
- The department responsible for the transaction.
- Agency/body
- The agency or body managing the transaction, if any.
- Category
- Transactions are categorised by type and by service.
- Frequency of interaction
- How often the transaction is accessed by a citizen.
- Transactions dependent on
- Other transactions which must be completed before the transaction can be completed.
- Key components
- Key components used in the delivery of the transaction.
- GaaP components
- Government as a Platform components used in the delivery of the transaction, if any.
- Manual activity
- Indicates whether the transaction requires manual activity in the back office.
Metrics
- Started transactions
- How many times the transaction was started during a time period.
- Completed transactions
- How many times the transaction was completed with an outcome during a time period.
- Total operating cost
- Total operating cost of meeting the demand for the transaction during a time period (excluding fixed costs).
- % department operating cost
- Total operating cost of the transaction as a percentage of the total operating cost of its department during a time period (excluding fixed costs).
Supporting information
- Description
- Description of the transaction.
- URL
- URL of the transaction's start page or home page.
- Contact for data
- Name and email of person responsible for the data.
Other data resources
To find more open Government data, visit data.gov.uk


NevoWeb NB_Store Module
version 01.00.07
Beta Test versions 01.00.00 - 01.00.07
version 01.00.08
Stable Release version
version 01.00.09
- updated product list to use DNN search engine.
- updated product list to take sort order from query string.
- New Search module created.
- updated product list setting to allow a product return limit to be entered.
- product image re-size on upload added to store settings.
- Export of Shipping rates added. (Import not implemented)
- Export of Tax rates added. (Import not implemented)
- product documents download added.
- product documents [TAG:DOC#] added to template tokens.
- product documents added to export and import.
- product documents validation test added.
- product documents purge added.
- nosearchresult.template - Added.
- image.resize - Added in store settings.
- HTML Editor added for product description.
- Allow Import of Default settings for superuser.
- Support for Gateway provider settings in XML.
- FIXED: Some Query String Params not working if Friendly URL's turned off.
- FIXED: Category List in product admin doubling content on language switch.
- FIXED: Issue 2969. Featured products list displays product detail.
- Beta Fix: Document Download on product list.
- Beta Fix: Issue 3019. Error Log created by ProductListController
- Beta Fix: Issue 2982. Template Import only works with overwrite
- Beta Fix: Issue 2970. Export - Purge option Error
version 01.01.01
- SEO product page titles.
- Product List Mode options for Browse and featured products.
- LINKSIMPLE token added.
- HTML template for category seperator.
- HTML template for product seperator.
- Model shipping weight added to product edit page.
- Update of shipping rate admin to allow search by category on product level shipping.
- Default template for module settings on ProductList, Checkout and Category Menu.
- Allow default decending order for product list.
- Option to hide category sub menu.
- Allow different product detail templates to be selected for each category.
- Recalcualte cart item costs on cart validation.
- Purge Deleted Models on Store Purge.
- Implement Import of Product level shipping details.
- Implement Import of shipping rates.
- FIXED: Shipping Country not defaulted to checkout selection dropdown.
- FIXED: Country not displaying on order template.
- FIXED: Cleardown Store SPROC, error with product documents
- FIXED: Search on Stock Admin.
- FIXED: Language dropdownlist on product edit.
- FIXED: Template select on Language.
- FIXED: Issue 3107. Category Menu upgraded to make it compatible with SQL2000.
- FIXED: Issue 3106. Any Models in existing orders should only be marked for deletion when deleted.
- Beta Fix: Portal level tax and shipping rates.
- Beta Fix: Option cost not adding onto model cost in cart validation.
- Beta Fix: Paging not displaying when category description displayed.
- Beta Fix: Search across multiple languages. Plus soundex added
- Beta Fix: Use HostingEnvironment.MapPath on orders report.
- Beta Fix: Error causes when using '\' in product ref.
version 01.01.05
- Create new look Back Office.
- Beta Fix: No Category Template set for specific country causes error.
- Beta Fix: Delete of Product with Images causes error.
- Beta Fix: Error when used on virtual directory.
- Beta Fix: Issue 3477. Error creating new product from product list.
- Beta Fix: Rename Skin StoreAdmin folder.
version 01.01.06
- Improved edit language selection interface.
- Allow different list templates for each cateory.
- Allow template Html to be before and after category menu item.
- Allow Html template for category menu item.
- Image URL for GO & Search image added to search module settings.
- Radio button added to product template.
- Support for downloadable sales.
- Support for Medium Trust.
- Lightbox replaced with jQuery nyroModal
- zeroprice.text added
- Option to skip to product details if only 1 product exists in category
- Issue 3399: Product ImageURL updated to nvarchar(256)
- Issue 3435: Category Sort Order defaults to 1
- Issue 3460: noimage.png moved to portal root on load.
- Issue 3510: Module ref added to cart.
- Issue 3392: Product Name added to tax search.
- Issue 3497: Textbox and validation added to product template.
version 01.01.07
- Multiple Shipping methods.
- Shipping Tracking Codes.
- Function to allow bespoke Product Fields.
- Out of Stock image displayable.
- Option to purge cart after specified amount of time.
- Option to purge uncompleted orders after specified amount of time.
- Option to limit the qty amount entered by customer.
- Token to display percentage of stock available.
- Dealer Price and Cost Price can be entered against model. (For SQL reporting only at this point)
- Cellpadding on product list set to zero.
- Allows custom js for lightbox.
- Data Cache Get Settings.
- Data Cache Get Templates.
- Improved Store Template and Settings Import and Export options.
- image.quaity setting added.
- Advanced image resizing.
- Category Menu JQuery Tree View.
- Fix: Breadcrumb going to incorrect category.
- Issue 3742: Product Documents Spanning Portals.
- Issue 3672: jQuery Lightbox location offset in IE when page is scrolled.
- Beta Fix: User templates not working for alternate and detail.
- Beta Fix: Issue with Template cache on langugaes.
- Beta Fix: Issue with settings cache across portals.
- Beta Fix: Error on Store Report when removing cache for settings.
- Beta Feature: Validate Languages for product and categories.
- Beta Feature: Accordion Menu.
- Beta Feature: Minimum order amount.
- Beta Feature: [TAG:THUMBURL],[TAG:IMAGEURL],[TAG:GALLERYURL1] and [TAG:GALLERYID1]
- Beta Feature: Cookie to save billing and shipping address.
- Beta Feature: Now Supports Recursive template calls to a depth of 4.
- Beta Feature: [Currency:Symbol],[TAG:FROMPRICECURRENCY],[TAG:CURRENCYSYMBOL]
- Beta Fix: Issue 4146,4149,4150,4151,4152,4154,4049,4078,3932,3917,3908,3895,3810,3672,3742
- Beta Fix: Default language being used on template recursion.
version 01.02.00
- CSV file import option.
- CSS class on category breadcrumb moved to a div.
- Fix: Issue 4256,3423,3996,4230
- Beta Fix: On Import don't create category if category already exists in database.
version 02.00.05 (Beta)
- Promotional Discounts
- Hide option for Categories
- Fix: Issue 4359,4358
- Beta Fix: Issue 4464,4470,4360,4447,4448,4454,4359,4358
- Beta Fix: Exception created on JQuery load.
- Beta Fix: "shipcountrycode.default" setting added.
- Beta Fix: Gateway Provider unchanged for sub-portals.
- Beta Fix: Issue 4528,4885,4867,4882,4725,4721,4856,4760
version 02.00.06 (Stable)
- Continue Shopping Button
- Option to use simple or DNN Index search
- Beta Fix: Issue 4463,4951,4934,4899,4518,4926,4928
version 02.00.07 (Stable)
- Fixed potential security risk on address cookie. Issue: 5024
version 02.00.08 (Beta)
- Lock icon on settings for admin only.
- Admin only option added to templates.
- [TAG:SALEPRICECURRENCY] introduced, [TAG:SALEPRICE] now has no currency formatting.
- [TAG:MODELSTABLE] token added, to disply the models in a table structure.
- "Extra" field added to model.
- Category Image can now be added.
- Default Category added to Categorymenu.
- Database Table indexing.
- Database Paging added.
- Sub category menu added to productlist, to display when category message is displayed.
- Improved Category templating, tokens added [TAG:IMAGEURLTHUMB],[TAG:IMAGEURL],[TAG:IMAGE],[TAG:LINK],[TAG:CATEGORYNAMECSS]
- Update to searching functions
- Add Product token [TAGXML:<xslfile>] to use xsl within templates.
- Cache XSL transformation on product list.
- Fix Issues: 5246,5232,5120,5083,4800,5081,5113,5109,4122
version 02.00.09 (Beta)
- Add reporting system to back offcie.
- Add dashboard reports
- Fix Issues: 5419,5310
version 02.00.10 (Beta)
- Add [TAG:BESTPRICE] token
- Fix Issues: 5550,5207,3916,5500,
version 02.00.11 (Stable)
- Add "searchdescription.flag" setting, to optionally search the product description field.
- Add "exempttax.list" setting, to exempt countries from tax.
- Dealer cost can now be used to update the cart.
- Patch Work menu option added to category menu.
- datavalue attribute added to custom fields on dropdownlist and radiobuttonlist.
- Fix : Import on new portal not importing settings.
- Fix : Error when copying new product.
- Fix Issues: 5621,5628
version 02.01.00 (Stable)
- Improve BackOffice UI.
- WishList added
- cascading product list. (View products in subcategories option)
- Option to display models to dealers only.
- [TAG:CATIMAGEURL] added.
- Related Products added
- Crop option on thumbnail image (e.g. 50x100)
- goodrelations.template add.
- Force the "usednnjquery.flag" to be set to false. (This setting is ignored in DNN5, DNN5 jQuery is always used.)
- Fix : Incorrect css placed on report emails.
- Fix : Incorrect count on stock list.
- Fix : Infinate loop on searchindexing in some circumstances.
- Fix Issues: 5903,5521,5917,5960,5978,5989
version 02.01.01 (Stable)
- Include of Status Table data in ManagerMenuDefault.xml
version 02.01.02 (Stable - Bubble release)
- Bug Fixes: 6620,6622,6404,6638,6639,6637,6641,6652,6663,6712,6711,6654,6673,6655,3735,6741,6743
version 02.01.06 (Stable)
- Bug Fixes: 6767,6778,6774,6823,6685,6849,6951,6947,5264,6931,6967,6980,6971,6970,7035,6969,7023,6948,6936,7032,7033,7151,7136,7211,7119,7333
- stg2formXML and stg3formXML templates added.
- Option to hide shipping calculation line in cart
- Categoies with a Message are not counted as empty.
- Addition of "XX - Default" for country range shipping.
- Static templates option in productlist module settings.
- List Only option in productlist module settings.
- Shipping calc returns 0 for weight cost if cart total weight is zero.
- Add tokens [TAG:MODELS2] and [TAG:MODELSRADIO2]
- Box Cost added to product shipping.
- rename "exempttax.list" setting, to "taxexempt.list" setting.
- Add "taxapplies.list" setting.
- Multiple gateway support
- Template gateway support.
- template testing added.
- [TAG:STOCKPERCENTACTUAL] added.
UPGRADE WARNING!!
This version of NB_Store has removed the double search in settings. In the old version, If a setting was not in the setting section, NB_Store looked into the templates for a template with that name. This function has been removed, this may cause issues with setting/template not displaying. If you have problems with displaying templates then make sure your settings are in the settings section and not the template section of the backoffice.
version 02.01.07 (Stable)
- Image caching to disk
- Per-product add to cart limit - at model level.
- Show out of stock models as disabled.
- Add label on end of "out of stock" models
- New tokens for stock.
- New test for stock.
- Allow field entry for reports.
- Addition of Product word search statistics.
- Print receipt option on Order.
- Support for 2 search words.
- Fixed bug on Report parameter import.
- Add [TAG:GALLERYURL#:ThumbSize] token.
- Add "TestValue" added to "hasImages" test token.
- Add "TestValue" added to "hasdocuments" test token.
- Add "TestValue" added to "hasoptions" test token.
- Add "TestValue" added to "hasrelateditems" test token.
- Add [Order:DetailTemplateRows] token.
- Add "detailrows.template" template.
- Fixed rounding error in cart discount.
version 02.02.01 (Stable)
- Dropped support for DNN4.
- Improved Category-Product Selection.
- Allow Order Amendment.
- Allow Full Display of MiniCart.
- Canonical links added.
- Promotional code MaxUsage added.
- Promotional code MaxUsagePerUser added.
- Promotional code by Category added.
- Patch on internal update interface added.
- Event Interface added
- Cart Calculations Interface added
- Shipping Calculations Interface added
- Tax Calculations Interface added
- Discount Calculations Interface added
- Extra Calculations Interface added
- Dark Skin updated
- Re-order button added to Order history.
- Added Bespoke field validation controls.
- Added DNN editor to bespoke fields.
- Added Standard RSS feeder.
- Added OR operator in the [TAG:TEST]
- Table Width setting on Product List.
- isincategory test added.
- Escape Char of "[[" and "]]" added to templating system.
- Codeplex WorkItems: 7895,5151,7785,7759,7285,7539,7659,7773,7771,7698,8140,7908,8006
version 02.02.02 (Stable - Bubble Release)
- Moved the CompletedOrder events to the correct completed functions.
- Elapsed Order time activated.
version 02.03.01 (Beta Release)
- Re-write of discount coupon calculation to fix codeplex issue 8601.
- File Upload TAG token added, to allow file upload option when purchasing.
- Modified date added to get product List SPROC.
- FileProvider ashx added.
- Codeplex WorkItems: 8680,8634,8622,7944,8580,8581,8167,8601,8728,8749,8787,8876,8893,8892,8827,8826,8825,8820,8729,8819,8789


|
| | Builder (TCalendarPanelBase component) |
| |
| virtual TBuilder | DayText (string dayText) |
| | Alternate text to use for the 'Day' nav bar button. More...
|
| |
| virtual TBuilder | MonthText (string monthText) |
| | Alternate text to use for the 'Month' nav bar button. More...
|
| |
| virtual TBuilder | ShowDayView (bool showDayView) |
| | True to include the day view (and toolbar button), false to hide them (defaults to true). More...
|
| |
| virtual TBuilder | ShowMonthView (bool showMonthView) |
| | True to include the month view (and toolbar button), false to hide them (defaults to true). If the day and week views are both hidden, the month view will show by default even if this config is false. More...
|
| |
| virtual TBuilder | ShowNavBar (bool showNavBar) |
| | True to display the calendar navigation toolbar, false to hide it (defaults to true). Note that if you hide the default navigation toolbar you'll have to provide an alternate means of navigating the calendar. More...
|
| |
| virtual TBuilder | ShowTime (bool showTime) |
| | True to display the current time next to the date in the calendar's current day box, false to not show it (defaults to true). More...
|
| |
| virtual TBuilder | ShowTodayText (bool showTodayText) |
| | True to show the value of todayText instead of today's date in the calendar's current day box, false to display the day number(defaults to true). More...
|
| |
| virtual TBuilder | ShowWeekView (bool showWeekView) |
| | True to include the week view (and toolbar button), false to hide them (defaults to true). More...
|
| |
| virtual TBuilder | TodayText (string todayText) |
| | Alternate text to use for the 'Today' nav bar button. More...
|
| |
| virtual TBuilder | WeekText (string weekText) |
| | Alternate text to use for the 'Week' nav bar button. More...
|
| |
| virtual TBuilder | CalendarStoreID (string calendarStoreID) |
| | The calendar store ID to use. More...
|
| |
| virtual TBuilder | CalendarStore (CalendarStore calendarStore) |
| |
| virtual TBuilder | EventStoreID (string eventStoreID) |
| | The event store ID to use. More...
|
| |
| virtual TBuilder | EventStore (EventStore eventStore) |
| |
| virtual TBuilder | DayView (DayView dayView) |
| |
| virtual TBuilder | WeekView (WeekView weekView) |
| |
| virtual TBuilder | MonthView (MonthView monthView) |
| |
| virtual TBuilder | EventDetails (EventDetails eventDetails) |
| |


If you can read this, the cheat was loaded up. Good job spies, you made it.
In game you can now open Esc-menu and find out new buttons. That's cheat functions. Everything is toggled on by default.
If something isn't working, make sure you are using Chrome. If cheat stops working just open ONE github issue and do not create duplicate issues. Also, here's our Discord and Youtube.
You can switch guns with the comma key by default. Holding it will switch like crazy so you have to tap fast!
August 4, 2018 Bindings redone!Auto aim when toggled on will be effective by default. This means you do NOT have to hold right mouse click button to use auto aim.
Right mouse click has been replaced with the emotes feature. We hope this will be easy to get used to.
July 24, 2018 Custom cursors!We know you like personalization. That's why now we've added custom cursor support!
This can be found in the third tab, scroll to the bottom.
June 3, 2018User-defined bindings introduced. Now you can change every game and cheat button by yourself in 4th tab of cheat menu.
Latency counter improved. Network lag indicator added.
Pings game-killing issue was fixed.
May 21, 2018Futher autoaim improvement. For now your ping is taken into account in the calculations. Should help high (>100) ping players. There is option to disable it in menu and if it made it worse for you, you always can turn it off.
FPS and latency counter position in duo/squads fixed.
Loading stability increased. But now you can't start playing till everything will be fully loaded.
Mouseover tooltips was added to cheat menu.
Predictions display options removed. Anyway it was mostly for debug.
May 16, 2018Changed Discord server to stop disturbing common fair-play people from the previous one.
FPS and latency counter added.

May 04, 2018Cheat updated with a week delay.
Now it's on git. Check it out.
Menu was changed.
And now it won't load sometimes - reload page in that case.
Loot highlight
Enemy equipped weapon and armor inspection
Smooth autoaim
Streamer mode
Third-party ingame chat


List Of New Registration |
=$msg?>Add |
=$paginate;?>
| # | First Name | Last Name | Profile Id | Photo | Date of Request | Payment Mode | Online Payment Status | Action |
=$paginate;?>
List Of New Registration |
=$msg?>Add |
| # | First Name | Last Name | Profile Id | Photo | Date of Request | Payment Mode | Online Payment Status | Action |


class: MembershipDto
Namespace: Clockify.Net.Models.Memberships
Assembly: Clockify.Net.dll
No description.
Quick Links
Compact Summary
Constructors
| Constructor Descriptions |
|---|
|
public MembershipDto()
No description. |
Properties
| Modifier / Type | Name and Description |
|---|---|
| HourlyRateDto |
HourlyRate
No description. |
| MembershipStatus |
MembershipStatus
No description. |
| string |
MembershipType
No description. |
| string |
TargetId
No description. |
| string |
UserId
No description. |
Methods
| Modifier / Type | Name and Description |
|---|---|
| virtual bool |
Equals(object obj)
Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object. (Inherited from object) |
| protected virtual void |
Finalize()
Allows an object to try to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before it is reclaimed by garbage collection. (Inherited from object) |
| virtual int |
GetHashCode()
Serves as the default hash function. (Inherited from object) |
| Type |
GetType()
Gets the Type of the current instance. (Inherited from object) |
| protected object |
MemberwiseClone()
Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. (Inherited from object) |
| virtual string |
ToString()
Returns a string that represents the current object. (Inherited from object) |
Constructors
Properties
HourlyRate
No description.
public HourlyRateDto HourlyRate { get; set; };
MembershipStatus
No description.
public MembershipStatus MembershipStatus { get; set; };
MembershipType
Methods
Equals(object obj)
Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.
public virtual bool Equals(object obj);
Parameters
The object to compare with the current object.
Returns
true if the specified object is equal to the current object; otherwise, false.
Finalize()
Allows an object to try to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before it is reclaimed by garbage collection.
[System.Runtime.Versioning.NonVersionableAttribute]
protected virtual void Finalize();
GetHashCode()
Serves as the default hash function.
public virtual int GetHashCode();
Returns
A hash code for the current object.
GetType()
Gets the Type of the current instance.
[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.NullableContextAttribute(1)]
public Type GetType();
Returns
The exact runtime type of the current instance.
MemberwiseClone()
Creates a shallow copy of the current Object.
[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.NullableContextAttribute(1)]
protected object MemberwiseClone();
Returns
A shallow copy of the current Object.
ToString()
Returns a string that represents the current object.
public virtual string ToString();
Returns
A string that represents the current object.


$DEF8/57080: Get side sector and buffer pointer Jump from $E258, $E43C: DEF8: 20 66 DF JSR $DF66 ; is side-sector in buffer? DEFB: 30 0E BMI $DF0B ; no DEFD: 50 13 BVC $DF12 ; ok DEFF: A6 82 LDX $82 ; channel number DF01: B5 CD LDA $CD,X ; buffer number DF03: 20 1B DF JSR $DF1B ; read side-sector DF06: 20 66 DF JSR $DF66 ; and check if in buffer DF09: 10 07 BPL $DF12 ; yes? Jump from $DEFB: DF0B: 20 CB E1 JSR $E1CB ; get last side-sector DF0E: 2C CE FE BIT $FECE ; set V bit DF11: 60 RTS Jump from $DEFD, $DF09: DF12: A5 D6 LDA $D6 ; side-sector and pointer DF14: 20 E9 DE JSR $DEE9 ; set pointer in side-sector DF17: 2C CD FE BIT $FECD ; erase V bit DF1A: 60 RTS Previous Page / Next Page


| DOSE: |
35 mg |
smoked |
DMT |
(powder / crystals) |
Since first learning of DMT about 3 years ago, Ihave heard no mention of it in physical form. Luckily a friend came home for easter break with a couple grams of synthetic DMT. At first I didn't believe it was real, but I obtained 3 doses for $15. He said
the doses, wrapped in paper, were roughly 20 to 30 milligrams. Later that night a friend and I decided it was time to dose. I was giddy to say the least. We split the three doses to ensure we had a threshold experience, as this could be the last
time we saw the substance. We had smoked very good marijuana roughly 2 hours prior.
Experience:
*NOTE*
The mg amounts I indicate are in no way verified by weighing. They were supposedly weighed prior on a .001 gram scale, but I can not verify this. If the powder
of one dose were spread thin on a table it would cover an area roughly half the size of a dime (currency). The doses were slightly of different size as well, which contributed to the decision to combine and then split them.
Setting was the basement of my house, Me and a friend, my brother and his 2 friends. Half the DMT (1.5 doses roughly 30-40mg)was placed in a spoon fashioned out of tin foil. A lighter was held directly beneath the tin foil as the DMT powder liquified and smoke began to rise from the spoon. Using a hollow pen, my friend began to inhale the
smoke, as some escaped around the pen. After all was vaporized, he leaned back and blinked, exhaling with a slight cough. I asked him how he felt and he could only blink again and lean back. I asked him to close his eyes, which he did, but could not communicate after this.
I then placed my powder into the spoon (1.5 doses roughly 30-40mg) and had my brother hold it and apply the lighter in the same manner. I inhaled every bit of the smoke and the entire amount of DMT was vaporized. I leaned back and removed the pen from my mouth, exhaling the smoke (which I did not find that harsh) as turned to my right to look at my friend, my vision went completely white from the center out. I remember seeing the bowl and it seemed as though the whiteness expanded from the bowl. Interstingly enough, there was no bowl, as we used a spoon, so I'm not sure if I misinterpreted the spoon or just hallucinated.
The next thing I can remember was just sitting on the couch holding my head, and an INTENSE feeling in my head. It was like my thougts were accelerating out of control, faster and faster like a turbine engine. Faster and faster until I could not believe the intensity I was feeling. Continuing to grow in speed and intensity, I couldn't speak or reason with the outside world. I knew that I had done it. Done what? I remembered that I had done IT, I had made some kind of initiation of my circumstances, but I couldn't put my finger on what I had done.I had a feeling that it was something great, and that I had done something extreme - I had feelings that I had been somewhere new, or that I'd done or been somewhere unexplored. I was so in awe that I was not grasping anything around me. This feeling slowly dissipated and I realized I was sitting in my basement.
My friend was still sitting back not speaking. I was sitting up, then back, running my hands through my hair still in complete and udder shock and amazement at what I had experienced. It was then that my brother and his friends told me that as soon as I had toked the hit and turned to my right, I closed my eyes, grabbed my head and began rocking back and forth. Then I began making motions with my arms that I can only explain by their mimicking, which resembled someone sitting, and trying to swim
with their arms. They told me I began to drool, and murmur incoherently very loud. So loud they came inside and had to turn the television upstairs on as not to wake anyone. I doubted them as I had no recollection, but a towel lay at my feet and the television was on upstairs where it had not been prior.
I think I may have smoked too much for a first trip. I experienced no visual sturbances I can recall, unless you consider my mistaking the spoon for a bowl to be a visual disturbance. And no buzzing noise. As I 'took off' I 'blacked out'. And 'came to' when I think I was coming out of it. I was still intensely inebriated and I'm unaware of any other substance this could possibly be. The entire time I felt as though it could not possibly get more intense, as it continued. I never felt overwhelmed and the entire experience was rather friendly. As I came to, I was also aware of an extremely pleasant body high. My friend reported a visual field of waves extending outward from
his head as he exhaled. He could recognize faces, or shapes of people, but not distinctions or details. He thought that he was making noises and being incoherent the entire time, which he wasn't. I attribute this to MY reaction during his trip. He had no reactions as I did, and was merely silent and sitting up an back, running his hands through his hair.
Time is of no measurable context so I can only say that I was down after roughly 30-45 minutes. It felt like I was gone for hours. Residual effects lingered, but none were prevalent for about a day afterwards. The kids I was with had never seen anyone do that much or react like I did, and they almost called an ambulance. The entire after experience, immediately as I regained the ability to reason and speak, I spent saying how incredible it was. They told me that they usually snort the DMT. I will try and get more, as I feel cheated of the DMT experience I was aiming for. The feeling I had is still mind boggling, but I had no hallucinations, no hyper space, and mostly I feel as though I can not remember the peak of the experience. Either now or right after doing it.
I did not feel comfortable with the reaction I was told that I had to this substance, but I do not think it was abnormal or harmful.
Did I do too much? Was the marijuana a factor? Did I have some kind of adverse reaction? I'm not too sure. I was under the impression that a high dose would indicate an extreme experience, but the dose I smoked wasn't extreme, however not minimal. I'm considering snorting an amount and evaluating. If this goes well I will smoke another dose, at lower amounts.
This was probably the most intense feeling I have ever had, and at the same time it was welcome and extremely pleasurable. In the future I will do this with one person to spot me, in dim light with minimal or no music/television, on a completely clear head and during the day when I am not possibly fatigued.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


All Classes
AbstractPlayerFactory
AbstractView
Board
BoardLogic
BoardTest
ConsoleView
Disc
DiscFactory
FourInRowLogic
FourInRowLogicTest
Game
GameManager
IPlayer
IPlayerStrategy
LastMoveView
LoggerDynamicProxy
Main
Pair
Player
PlayerFactory
PlayersViewDecorator
RandomPlayerFactory
RandomStrategy
View
ViewDecorator


Nyzo version 490 (commit on GitHub) adds parallelization to the sentinel data retrieval process.
This version updates the sentinel. It does not affect the verifier.
In the original sentinel, fetching of data from managed verifiers was fully serial. If several consecutive verifiers became disabled simultaneously, the sentinel might fail to protect its managed verifiers. In this version of the sentinel, all managed verifiers should be protected as long as one managed verifier and one sentinel are functioning properly.
In an inconsequential change, the error message displayed when one attempts to freeze a block behind the frozen edge was updated. The new error message better reflects the actual behavior of the method.
Also in the category of inconsequential maintenance, printing of the top-new-verifiers list was removed. This does not change any behavior, but it does remove clutter from the log file.
The important changes all happened in the Sentinel class. The mesh update interval was lengthened from 20 seconds to 5 minutes, as the mesh updates are now performed fully in parallel across all managed verifiers, and 5 minutes is a reasonable update interval for each verifier. Also, a minimum-loop-interval constant was added to replace the literal used in the loop in the previous version.
The blockTransmitDelay constant was given a more appropriate name of blockCreationDelay and reduced by 10 seconds, and a new constant was added for an actual transmission delay relative to the calculated vote timestamp.
The variables for tracking consecutive successful block fetches and fast-fetch mode were changed from single values to maps to track each thread/verifier independently. The ConcurrentHashMap class is the appropriate type of map to use when the map will be accessed from multiple threads, and this class will be replacing HashMap in much of the existing code.
The mesh-update index and block-update index were used to track position in the old serial process, so they were removed. Variables to track the number of blocks received and frozen were added to track efficiency with respect to redundant requests in the new parallel process.
The lastMeshUpdateTimestamp and lastBlockUpdateTimestamp variables have been moved to local variables in each thread, and lastBlockReceivedTimestamp has been changed to AtomicLong to improve thread safety, as long does not offer atomic reads and writes in Java.
The list of verifiers has been removed, as access by index is no longer necessary, and the map has been renamed because the distinction between the list and map is also no longer necessary. Classes have been changed to concurrent versions to improve thread safety, and a variable for storing the frozen edge has also been added to improve thread safety. Reference variable reads and writes are atomic in Java, so storing a frozen edge in this class provides more predictable behavior than requesting the frozen edge height from the BlockManager class and then requesting the frozen block at that height. Lastly in the class variable declarations, an unused Random instance was removed.
The first significant behavior change is in fetching and processing of bootstrap responses. Instead of fetching a single response, all managed verifiers are queried, and the maximum height retrieved is used. This is still not a democratic consensus process like the verifier's use of the trusted entry points. In this case, data from a single verifier is still used without question, but querying of all verifiers reduces the potential for problems caused by a single managed verifier having tracking issues when the sentinel initializes. See the implementations of these methods for details on the process.
The second significant behavior change is the creation of a separate thread for each managed verifier. The query slot is used to provide pseudo-serial behavior to eliminate unnecessary parallel traffic when the sentinel is certain that is close to the actual frozen edge of the blockchain.
There is still only a single thread for block creation and transmission, though this thread is separate from all the managed-verifier threads. So, even if all but one of the managed-verifier threads are stuck, the sentinel will still be able to function correctly. One functioning managed-verifier thread will be able to get data in a timely manner, and the independent block thread will be able to create blocks and broadcast them to the mesh. The block of code that writes the CSV file was for debugging, should not have been pushed to the public repository, and will be removed soon.
Each managed-verifier thread waits for the message queue to clear at the beginning of the loop. This is a pattern that is used in several places in the Nyzo code. Despite the apparent simplicity of this method call, it should be used with care. In this case, the threads that will be adding messages to the message queue are the managed-verifier threads and the block-transmission thread. The managed-verifier threads are all performing this wait, which means that none of them will monopolize the queue. The block-transmission queue is not performing this wait, but that is preferable behavior, as that thread should have priority, and it should be broadcasting blocks relatively infrequently.
A final piece of code worth examining is the condition that attempts to provide a pseudo-serial querying of managed verifiers when the sentinel is tracking the frozen edge closely but allows for fast switching to full-parallel mode. This is a seamless switch, and the modes can alternate between iterations without any overhead.
The first part of the condition, using lastBlockRequestedTimestamp, imposes a minimum (brief) interval between queries for this thread. The second part of the condition looks at the current timestamp, divides the time into equal-length time slots for all verifiers, and only queries in this verifier's assigned time slot if the sentinel is, without question, closely tracking the frozen edge of the blockchain. The verification timestamp is a certain check on closeness to the frozen edge of the blockchain, as a minimum interval on verification timestamps is imposed by verifiers. If there is any question about whether the sentinel is tracking the frozen edge closely, all threads perform queries, regardless of their assigned time slots. The verifier has been tested to run properly 100% of the time in full-parallel mode, so failure due to the added stress of this mode is not a concern. The pseudo-serial behavior is simply meant as a resource conservation measure to reduce the average bandwidth and CPU usage of verifiers and the sentinel during normal usage.


THIS IS MY FATHER
Reviewed by Harvey Karten, Ph.D. Sony Pictures Classics Director: Paul Quinn Writer: Paul Quinn Cast: Aidan Quinn, Declan Quinn, James Caan, Jacob Tierney, Colm Meaney, Moira Deady, Moya Farrelly, Gina Moxley, Stephen Rea
With the rise of ethnic cheerleading over the past decade or so, it has become fashionable to know "who you are," whether that means finding out more about your racial, religious, ethnic or national group or, in the case of people who are adopted to find out the identities of their real parents. Somehow, the theory goes, you cannot be a complete person if you are not centered in all of these ways: you will be plagued throughout your life, rudderless and adrift, unless you can settle up on your singularity. I don't buy this, but I don't bury my head in the sand. This is the current reality and is probably the basis for Paul Quinn's intriguing film, "This is My Father." The picture moves forward at a snail's pace, perhaps because plot takes a distant second to character, though despite its lingering pace, the film never becomes truly languid.  Paul Quinn, its writer and director, takes us from a present-day American scene to the Emerald Isle as Kieran Johnson (James Caan), having accidentally discovered a sixty-year-old letter written by a father he never knew to his mother, suddenly determines to go to his ancestral home in Ireland to find out more about his heritage.
What Kieran finds when travels to his dad's old home village with his rebellious, adolescent nephew Jack (Jacob Tierney), is more than he bargained for.  As young Jack forms a friendship with two local girls his own age, a rapport which will revitalize his own life, Kieran listens over several days to Mrs. Kearney's tale while Seamus (Colm Meaney), the owner of the B&B and Mrs. Kearney's son, collects a storyteller's fee of twenty Irish pounds.
Director Quinn takes us back to the late thirties, a time that Mrs. Kearney believes was better because then you rarely heard about murders. But in describing the characters of the town, people who were anything but the almost unanimously cordial folks in Kirk Jones's picture "Waking Ned Devine," we wonder whether the village Ireland of 1939 could be described as a pleasant place to take root. Its characters include a frustrated Widow Flynn (Gina Moxley); a happy-go- lucky girl liberated in a traditional society, Fiona (Moya Farrelly); an ornery malcontent, Mrs. Madigan (Sheila Flitton) who is to put a curse on Widow Flynn; and an assortment of people who are terrorized by the hellfire sermons of the two priests, Father Mooney (Eamonn Morrisey) and Father Quinn (Stephen Rea). While the town has at least two fine folks who take in a poor orphan lad and put him to work on their farm, the hamlet houses anything but those dear hearts and gentle people often portrayed by the drawings of Norman Rockwell. The core of the story is the relationship of Kieran O'Day (Aidan Quinn), who is Kieran Johnson's long lost father, and the former's underage girl friend, Fiona Flynn (Moya Farrelly). Because Kieran is a poor orphan many years older than Fiona and from a different social class, their relationship does not enjoy the town's or the Church's approbation. Much of the humor of the story lies in writer-director Quinn's obligatory ribbing of the Catholic Church, with the unforgiving Fathers Mooney and Quinn who rail against "fornication" and warn sinners of the eternal fires that await them.
"This is My Father" carries some of the baggage usually conveyed in stories of rural Ireland. By way of comparison, Jim Kelley, the good-news lottery official of Kirk Jones' "Waking Ned Devine" could be compared with the brash American pilot-photographer, Eddie Sharp (John Cusack), who transports his vivacious personality to Fiona and Kieran, while the grouchy and vindictive Widow Flynn and Mrs. Madigan could be equated with that movie's spoilsport, Lizzy Quinn. The town doctor, John Maney (Donal Donnelly) is motivated by other than money when making housecalls on Widow Flynn, and the town's brawling lads have similar lust on their minds when they cut in on Kieran's dance-hall date, Fiona.
"This is My Father" interweaves a comic light spirit with melancholy and ultimate tragedy so seamlessly that we scarcely are aware of when one genre ends and the other takes root. We leave the two-hour sketch with a better understanding of why so many people left their home countries (in this case rural Ireland) for American shores--to escape religious harassment, clannish envy, and a feudal- style backwardness. This is a small, gentle movie with sincere, heartfelt acting that will reinforce the stereotypical belief that the Irish are the world's eminent storytellers.
Rated R. Running Time: 120 minutes. (C) 1999 Harvey Karten
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@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import config.AppConfig @import controllers.routes @import models.Decision @import models.request.AuthenticatedRequest @import models.viewmodels.{CaseHeaderViewModel, NoTabSelected} @import views.html.components.confirm_or_cancel_buttons @import views.html.forms.components.{input_text, input_textarea} @import views.html.includes.main @import views.html.partials.{c592_information, back_link, error_summary} @this( case_heading: views.html.v2.case_heading, main: main, backLink: back_link ) @(caseHeaderViewModel: CaseHeaderViewModel, form: Form[Decision], traderCommodityCode: String, officerCommodityCode: String)(implicit request: AuthenticatedRequest[_], messages: Messages, appConfig: AppConfig) @main( pageTitle = messages("page.title.edit_liability_decision"), customPrimaryNavTab = NoTabSelected, backLink = Some(backLink()) ) { @error_summary(form.errors) @case_heading( caseHeaderViewModel, messageKey = Some("case.decision.edit-ruling-details.heading"))


[gecode-users] Help with count method in script
George Rudolph
george.rudolph at citadel.edu
Thu Sep 20 16:58:27 CEST 2007
I would like help with the following Gecode/J script.
As indicated below, when I uncomment the calls to count
and run the script, it fails--but I am expecting two results.
What am I doing incorrectly?
(Note: For those it may interest, I am using Gecode/J with Eclipse.)
--------- begin code -----------
package citadel;
import static org.gecode.Gecode.*;
import static org.gecode.GecodeEnumConstants.*;
import org.gecode.*;
/**
* Script for computing 2-class association schemes,
* modified from the Queens example, and uses the example.Options class
* unchanged.
* The goal of this script is to generate (v-1)-length sequences
* with the following properties:
* 1. v is prime and v=4t+1, t >=0.
* 2. each sequence has n1 occurrences of lambda1 and n2 occurrences of
lambda2.
* 3. the sequence is a palindrome:
* element 0 and element v-2 have the same value,
* element 1 and element v-3 have the same value,
* element 2 and element 4-4 have the same value,
* etc.
*
* @author George Rudolph
* @version 1.0 Sep 20, 2007
*/
public class AssociationScheme extends Space {
public int v;
public int n1;
public int n2;
public int lambda1;
public int lambda2;
public VarArray<IntVar> schemeCount;
/**
* @param opt Convenience object containing options
* @see citadel.Options#toString()
*/
public AssociationScheme(Options opt) {
super();
v = opt.size;
n1= (v-1)/2;
n2 = (v-1)/2;
lambda1 = 1;
lambda2 = 2;
schemeCount = new VarArray<IntVar>(this, v-1, IntVar.class, 1, 2);
//in the difference vector, constrain it so that
//the value of position i is the same as the value at position v-i
//for a (v-1)-length array starting at (conceptual) index 1
//TODO: simplify the indexing in this constraint
for (int i=1; i<=v-1; i++)
{
rel(this, schemeCount.get(i-1), IRT_EQ, schemeCount.get(v-1-i),
opt.icl);
}
/** need help with these -- when I uncomment these constraints
* and run, I get a failed space, but I am expecting two results:
* [1,2,2,1] and [2,1,1,2]
* What have I done incorrectly?
*/
//n1 slots have the value lambda1, n2 slots have the value lambda2
// what I want to say is "exactly n1 elements have the value lambda1
in q"
// for example.
//count(this, q, n1, IRT_EQ, lambda1, opt.icl );
//count(this, q, n2, IRT_EQ, lambda2, opt.icl );
branch(this, schemeCount, BVAR_SIZE_MIN, BVAL_MIN);
}
/**
* Copy constructor.
* @param share
* @param scheme
*/
public AssociationScheme(Boolean share, AssociationScheme scheme) {
super(share, scheme);
v = scheme.v;
n1= (v-1)/2;
n2 = (v-1)/2;
lambda1 = 1;
lambda2 = 2;
schemeCount = new VarArray<IntVar>(this, share, scheme.schemeCount);
}
/**
*
* @see org.gecode.Space#toString()
*/
public String toString() {
return schemeCount.toString();
}
/**
* Application startup
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
Options opt = new Options();
opt.size = 5;
opt.gui = true;
opt.parse(args);
opt.name = "" + opt.size + "-Schemes";
AssociationScheme schemes = new AssociationScheme(opt);
opt.doSearch(schemes);
}
}
--------- end code -----------
--------------------
George Rudolph
Assistant Professor
Thompson Hall 225
Math & Computer Science Dept.
The Citadel
171 Moultrie St.
Charleston, SC 29409
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


Jamba is intended to contain JAM base functions, to be re-used during analysis, and by other R packages. Functions are broadly divided into categories.
plotSmoothScatter()
A common problem when visualizing extremely large datasets is how to
display thousands of datapoints while indicating the amount of overlap
of those points. The R graphics::smoothScatter()
function
provides an adequate drop-in replacement for most uses of
plot()
, where several aspects are enhanced. Specifically,
parameters related to the density function and related bandwidth
arguments are enabled, which otherwise is possible but tedious.
The arguments bandwidthN
and nbin
define
the number of bandwidth steps, and the number of visual bins,
respectively. The bandwidth steps defines the level of detail calculated
for the 2-dimensional density map, higher values give more detail, seen
as more “grainy” – ultimately whether you can see individual points. The
number of visual bins determines the amount of detail used to render the
density as an image – effectlvely how many density pixels. Higher values
show more detail, but have much larger memory requirement, and can be
slow to render for multi-panel plots.
The argument useRaster=TRUE
by default renders the plot
as a rasterized image, making it substantially faster and smaller
especially when rendered as a PDF, SVG, or any vector type output.
An example showing plotSmoothScatter()
with argument
doTest=TRUE
. The test data shows a set of points not
well-resolved with default smoothScatter()
, but which is
more clearly displayed with plotSmoothScatter()
.
plotSmoothScatter(doTest=TRUE);
The function imageDefault()
is a slight enhancement to
graphics::image()
specifically to enforce square pixels
when useRaster=TRUE
. The default
graphics::image()
assumes each pixel will be rendered in a
1:1 aspect ratio, therefore the 2-dimensional density map is distorted
when the axis ranges are not symmetric 1:1. Note that
plotSmoothScatter()
calls imageDefault()
.
imageByColors()
The imageByColors()
function is intended to take a
matrix or data.frame that already contains colors in each cell. It
optionally displays cell labels when supplied.
Cell labels are grouped to display one unique label per repeated
label, using the function breaksByVector()
to group
labels.
This function is particularly useful to simplify labels in a large table of repeated values, for example in experiment design.
Here, we define a simple data.frame composed of colors, then use the data.frame to label itself:
a1 <- c("red","blue")[c(1,1,2)];
b1 <- c("yellow","orange")[c(1,2,2)];
c1 <- c("purple","orange")[c(1,2,2)];
d1 <- c("purple","green")[c(1,2,2)];
df1 <- data.frame(a=a1, b=b1, c=c1, d=d1);
imageByColors(df1, cellnote=df1);
Labels can be independently rotated and resized, an arbitrary example is shown below:
There are several useful axis labeling functions.
For log-transformed data, minorLogTicksAxis()
is a
flexible function to help deal with different transforms, such as
log2(1 + x)
, which is common when analyzing gene expression
data, or any measurement data that may contain zeros and no negative
values.
Data transformed with log2(1 + x)
must be correctly
inverse-transformed to generate the proper numeric labels.
By default, the log labels are displayed in base 10, while the underlying data can be any numeric base. (The default assumes log2.)
Also note that zero values are represented as zero.
expr <- 2^seq(from=0, to=17, length.out=20) - 1;
par("mfrow"=c(2,2));
layout(matrix(ncol=2, data=c(1,2,3,3)));
bp1 <- barplot(expr,
las=2,
col="dodgerblue",
main="measurement data in normal space");
axis(1, at=bp1[,1], labels=seq_along(bp1[,1]), las=2)
par("xpd"=FALSE);
bp1 <- barplot(expr[c(1,which(expr<=100)+1)],
ylim=c(0,100),
las=2,
col="dodgerblue",
main="zoomed-in y-axis");
axis(1, at=bp1[,1], labels=seq_along(bp1[,1]), las=2)
log_expr <- log2(1 + expr);
bp1 <- barplot(log_expr,
las=2,
col="dodgerblue",
ylab="log2(1 + x) value",
main="measurement data after log2(1+x) transform");
axis(1, at=bp1[,1], labels=seq_along(bp1[,1]), las=2)
minorLogTicksAxis(side=4,
logBase=2,
offset=1,
displayBase=10);
mtext(side=4,
line=2.95,
las=0,
"normal space measurement values")
Another common example is with log fold change (also called log ratio). The log fold change is preferred to represent fold changes because it allows the “up” and “down” values to be symmetric.
fr <- round(2^(0:14/2 - 3.5), digits=2);
fc <- round(ifelse(fr < 1, -1/fr, fr), digits=2);
fl <- paste0(format(fr, trim=TRUE),
ifelse(fr < 1, paste0(" (",
format(fc, trim=TRUE),
"-fold)"),
""));
par("mfrow"=c(1,2));
bp1 <- barplot(fr-1,
ylim=c(-5, max(fr)+2),
las=2,
offset=1,
col="dodgerblue",
main="data expressed as a ratio");
k <- (fr < 1);
text(x=bp1[k,1],
y=fr[k],
srt=90,
adj=1.2,
fl[k]);
text(x=bp1[!k,1],
y=fc[!k],
srt=90,
adj=-0.2,
fl[!k]);
box();
log_fc <- log2(fr);
barplot(log_fc,
ylim=c(-4, 4),
yaxt="n",
col="dodgerblue",
main="log ratios with log2 y-axis");
box();
minorLogTicksAxis(side=2,
logBase=2,
offset=0,
symmetricZero=TRUE,
displayBase=10);
mtext(side=2,
line=2,
las=0,
"fold changes with log10 breaks");
minorLogTicksAxis(side=4,
logBase=2,
offset=0,
symmetricZero=TRUE,
displayBase=2);
mtext(side=4,
line=2,
las=0,
"fold changes with log2 breaks");
plotPolygonDensity()
A convenience function plotPolygonDensity()
is a light
wrapper around two functions: hist()
and
density()
. However, it makes two other options
convenient:
log10(1+x)
or
sqrt()
,
par("mar"=c(8,4,4,2), "mfrow"=c(2, 2));
options("scipen"=7);
plotPolygonDensity(10^(3+rnorm(2000)),
breaks=50,
cex.axis=1,
main="normal-scaled x-axis");
plotPolygonDensity(10^(3+rnorm(2000)),
log="x",
breaks=50,
main="log-scaled x-axis");
plotPolygonDensity((3+rnorm(2000))^2,
cex.axis=1,
breaks=50,
main="normal-scaled x-axis");
plotPolygonDensity((3+rnorm(2000))^2,
cex.axis=1,
xScale="sqrt",
breaks=50,
main="sqrt-scaled x-axis");
drawLabels(preset="bottom",
txt="sqrt-scaled x-axis",
labelCex=1.5)
drawLabels()
drawLabels()
is aimed at base R graphics, and provides a
quick way to add a label to a plot. The argument preset
is
used to place the label relative to the sides and corners of the
plot.
par("mfrow"=c(1,1))
plotPolygonDensity((3+rnorm(2000))^2,
cex.axis=1,
xScale="sqrt",
breaks=50,
main="");
drawLabels(preset="bottom",
txt="sqrt-scaled x-axis",
labelCex=1.5)
For me, color plays a big role in my daily work, both in how I use R, and the figures and visualizations I produce during data analysis.
Another Jam package colorjam
focuses on defining
categorical colors in an extensible manner.
getColorRamp()
getColorRamp()
is a workhorse of several other functions
and workflows. It tries to make convenient the job of obtaining a color
ramp (aka a color palette, or color gradient). It interfaces with
RColorBrewer
and viridisLite
for color palette
names, and allows some useful extensions.
The suffix "_r"
is convenient for reversing the order of
colors, especially with RColorBrewer
palette
"RdBu"
which provides red-white-blue colors. On heatmaps,
for me anyway, “red” is associated with “heat” and therefore the high
numeric value. Using "RdBu_r"
will provide blue-white-red
colors.
showColors()
is used to display a color ramp, by default
including the labels using imageByColors()
.
warpRamp()
is used with color gradients to compress or
expand the color gradient.
colorjam::closestRcolor()
is used to assign an R color
label to any R color in hex "#RRGGBB"
format.
colorjam::rainbowJam()
is used to define a categorical
color palette with n
colors, relatively evenly spaced
around a modified red-yellow-blue color wheel. (This color wheel avoids
the dominance of green and blue-green colors that result from most
“rainbow” color palettes.) The function alternates the brightness value
and color saturation, so adjacent colors are more visibly distinct.
showColors(list(
Reds=getColorRamp("Reds"),
RdBu=getColorRamp("RdBu"),
RdBu_r=getColorRamp("RdBu_r"),
`RdBu_r_warped x5`=warpRamp(getColorRamp("RdBu_r"), lens=5),
`RdBu_r_warped x-5`=warpRamp(getColorRamp("RdBu_r"), lens=-5)
));
showColors(vigrep("red", colors()))
mixedSort()
, mixedSortDF()
,
mixedOrder()
The gtools
package implemented a function
gtools::mixedsort()
which aimed to sort character vectors
similar to GNU version sort (gsort -V
), where numeric
values within an alphanumeric string would be sorted in proper numerical
order.
The mixedSort()
is an optimization and extension, driven
by the desire to sort tens of thousands of gene symbols (and micro-RNAs,
miRNA) efficiently and based upon known order. Also, because miRNA
nomenclature includes a dash ‘-’ character, numbers are not assumed to
be negative by default, but this behavior can be controlled.
For example “miR-2” should sort before “miR-11”, and after “miR-1”.
sort gtools_mixedsort mixedSort
1 miR-1 miR-122 miR-1 2 miR-12 miR-12 miR-1a 3 miR-122 miR-2 miR-1b 4 miR-1a miR-1 miR-2 5 miR-1b miR-1a miR-12 6 miR-2 miR-1b miR-122
Note: it took roughly 12 seconds to sort 43,000 gene symbols using
gtools::mixedsort()
, and roughly 0.5 seconds using
mixedSort()
.
The mixedOrder()
function is actually the core ordering
algorithm, called by mixedSort()
. The
mixedOrder()
function does not fully behave like
order()
, in that order()
accepts a list of
vectors as one type of input, and applies the order logic to each list
iteratively, in order break ties. Instead the mmixedOrder()
function was implemented to serve that purpose.
For the most part, mixedSort()
or
mixedSortDF()
should fulfill most use cases.
mixedSortDF()
The mixedSortDF()
function is a convenient wrapper
around mmixedOrder()
applied to data.frames. It sorts
columns in a specified order, maintaining ties in each column, and
breaking ties as warranted in subsequent columns. It has the added
benefit of maintaining factor order, so a data.frame
that
contains a column of factors with a specified order will maintain that
order during the sort process. This behavior is especially useful when
sorting a data.frame
with experiment design, where each
column may contain an ordered factor indicating the proper sample group
ordering.
x <- c("miR-12","miR-1","miR-122","miR-1b", "miR-1a","miR-2");
g <- rep(c("Air", "Treatment", "Control"), 2);
gf <- factor(g, levels=c("Control","Air", "Treatment"));
df2 <- data.frame(groupfactor=gf, miRNA=x, stringsAsFactors=FALSE);
df2sorted <- mixedSortDF(df2);
groupfactor miRNA 6 Control miR-2 3 Control miR-122 4 Air miR-1b 1 Air miR-12 2 Treatment miR-1 5 Treatment miR-1a
setPrompt()
setPrompt()
is a simple function that creates an R
prompt which includes the project name, R version, and current process
ID. When possible, the prompt uses color text.
It is especially helpful if you find yourself working on multiple active R projects at the same time. For me, the more visual reminders the better!
The process ID is particularly helpful if one R session becomes inactive, and if there are other active R sessions open. The process ID is the best way to identify the specific task so it can be killed.
setPrompt("jambaVignette");
# {jambaVignette}-R-3.6.0_10789>
writeOpenxlsx()
writeOpenxlsx()
is intended to make several capabilities
of the amazing openxlsx
package convenient.
If you ever found yourself saving data to Excel, then opening the file to apply numerous custom options – this function is aimed at you! For Excel files with multiple worksheets, it quickly becomes tedious to apply all options consistently to each worksheet.
The capabilities are described below:
.xlsx
file.vigrep()
, provigrep()
,
igrep()
, igrepHas()
I use these functions numerous times every day, in all aspects of my
analysis workflow. They’re very simple and convenient wrappers around
base::grep()
:
vigrep()
- extends grep to use value=TRUE
and ignore.case=TRUE
provigrep()
- extends vigrep()
to use a
vector of patterns, and return values in the order they are matched.
Great when you want “all the controls first, then all the treated, then
everything else”.igrep()
- extends grep to use
ignore.case=TRUE
, case-insensitive matching.igrepHas()
- extends igrep()
to return
TRUE
or FALSE
if any value in a vector matches
the pattern.gsubOrdered()
gsubOrdered()
is an extension to gsub()
that preserves factor order of the input data, by creating new ordered
factor levels using the same gsub()
replacement. If you
have experimental factors in a specific order, want to maintain that
order while making changes to the labels themselves, this function is
for you.
pasteByRow()
and pasteByRowOrdered()
pasteByRow()
is a lightweight by efficient method for
combining multiple columns into one character string. After numerous
benchmark tests, it appears the fastest method for combining columns in
a data.frame
with 10,000 or more rows of data, was to run a
series of paste()
operations. Every row-based method is far
worse, probably because the paste()
method is vectorized
and scales well.
However, this function also provides some convenient defaults, like skipping empty columns, and trimming leading and trailing blank entries.
I use this function frequently to make sample group labels, combining
values from a data.frame
with multiple columns containing
experimental factors.
pasteByRowOrdered()
is an extension of
pasteByRow()
that maintains factor level order of each
column, and creates combined factor levels in that same consistent
order. If your data.frame
contains experimental factors
with a defined order, this function will produce a factor where those
orders are also maintained.
a1 <- factor(c("mutant", "control")[c(1,1,2)],
levels=c("control", "mutant"));
b1 <- factor(c("vehicle", "treated")[c(2,1,1)],
levels=c("vehicle", "treated"));
d1 <- c("purple","green")[c(1,2,2)];
df2 <- data.frame(a=a1, b=b1, d=d1);
df2;
#> a b d
#> 1 mutant treated purple
#> 2 mutant vehicle green
#> 3 control vehicle green
pasteByRow(df2);
#> 1 2 3
#> "mutant_treated_purple" "mutant_vehicle_green" "control_vehicle_green"
pasteByRowOrdered(df2);
#> 1 2 3
#> mutant_treated_purple mutant_vehicle_green control_vehicle_green
#> Levels: control_vehicle_green mutant_vehicle_green mutant_treated_purple
df3 <- data.frame(df2,
pasteByRowOrdered=pasteByRowOrdered(df2));
mixedSortDF(df3, byCols="pasteByRowOrdered")
#> a b d pasteByRowOrdered
#> 3 control vehicle green control_vehicle_green
#> 2 mutant vehicle green mutant_vehicle_green
#> 1 mutant treated purple mutant_treated_purple
makeNames()
, nameVector()
,
nameVectorN()
Again, I use these functions daily, to create unique names from a character vector, using a controlled vocabulary.
makeNames()
simply returns unique names, for duplicated
values it uses the suffix style _v1
, _v2
,
_v3
. The suffix can be controlled, whether to add a suffix
to singlet entries, what number to start with, etc.
nameVector()
uses a vector to name itself, returning the
same vector with names assigned by makeNames()
. This
function is helpful when used in an lapply()
because it
enforces unique names which are returned in the output list
from the lapply()
.
nameVectorN()
creates a named vector of the vector
names. I use it frequently in lapply()
functions to control
the names of the output list
.
x <- rep(head(letters, 4), c(2,4,1,5));
x;
#> [1] "a" "a" "b" "b" "b" "b" "c" "d" "d" "d" "d" "d"
makeNames(x);
#> [1] "a_v1" "a_v2" "b_v1" "b_v2" "b_v3" "b_v4" "c" "d_v1" "d_v2" "d_v3"
#> [11] "d_v4" "d_v5"
nameVector(x);
#> a_v1 a_v2 b_v1 b_v2 b_v3 b_v4 c d_v1 d_v2 d_v3 d_v4 d_v5
#> "a" "a" "b" "b" "b" "b" "c" "d" "d" "d" "d" "d"
y <- nameVector(x);
nameVectorN(y);
#> a_v1 a_v2 b_v1 b_v2 b_v3 b_v4 c d_v1 d_v2 d_v3 d_v4
#> "a_v1" "a_v2" "b_v1" "b_v2" "b_v3" "b_v4" "c" "d_v1" "d_v2" "d_v3" "d_v4"
#> d_v5
#> "d_v5"
lapply(nameVectorN(y), function(i){
i
})
#> $a_v1
#> [1] "a_v1"
#>
#> $a_v2
#> [1] "a_v2"
#>
#> $b_v1
#> [1] "b_v1"
#>
#> $b_v2
#> [1] "b_v2"
#>
#> $b_v3
#> [1] "b_v3"
#>
#> $b_v4
#> [1] "b_v4"
#>
#> $c
#> [1] "c"
#>
#> $d_v1
#> [1] "d_v1"
#>
#> $d_v2
#> [1] "d_v2"
#>
#> $d_v3
#> [1] "d_v3"
#>
#> $d_v4
#> [1] "d_v4"
#>
#> $d_v5
#> [1] "d_v5"
cPaste()
, cPasteSU()
,
cPasteU()
cPaste()
is an efficient implementation intended to
concatenate values using a delimiter, similar to
paste(x, collapse=",")
, except in a list
context. After numerous benchmark tests, there was no faster
implementation than the one from the Bioconductor S4Vectors
package, which provides S4Vectors::unstrsplit()
.
cPasteU()
makes the values unique, inside each vector of
the list.
cPasteSU()
applies mixedSort()
after making
the values in each vector unique.
The mixedSort()
and unique()
functions are
applied in extended vector form, so each are applied only once even when
operating on a long list of vectors, for example a list with >10,000
character vectors should take less than 1 second.
These functions are very useful when operating on a list of gene
symbols. For example, a vector of 500,000 assay probe names may be
converted to a list of gene symbols, with some assay probe names
associated with multiple gene symbols. The function
cPasteSU()
combines gene symbols with delimiter
","
, after sorting and making values unique.
It is also useful with gene-pathway data, where biological pathways are associated with a long list of gene symbols.
set.seed(123);
x <- lapply(seq_len(6), function(i){
paste0("Gene",
sample(LETTERS,
sample(c(1,1,2,5,9), 1),
replace=TRUE));
});
cPaste(x);
#> [1] "GeneN,GeneC" "GeneR" "GeneE,GeneT" "GeneZ" "GeneE,GeneS"
#> [6] "GeneY,GeneY"
cPasteU(x);
#> [1] "GeneN,GeneC" "GeneR" "GeneE,GeneT" "GeneZ" "GeneE,GeneS"
#> [6] "GeneY"
cPasteSU(x);
#> [1] "GeneC,GeneN" "GeneR" "GeneE,GeneT" "GeneZ" "GeneE,GeneS"
#> [6] "GeneY"
data.frame(cPaste=cPaste(x),
cPasteU=cPasteU(x),
cPasteSU=cPasteSU(x))
#> cPaste cPasteU cPasteSU
#> 1 GeneN,GeneC GeneN,GeneC GeneC,GeneN
#> 2 GeneR GeneR GeneR
#> 3 GeneE,GeneT GeneE,GeneT GeneE,GeneT
#> 4 GeneZ GeneZ GeneZ
#> 5 GeneE,GeneS GeneE,GeneS GeneE,GeneS
#> 6 GeneY,GeneY GeneY GeneY
jargs()
Jam extension to args()
.
If you ever used args()
and found it difficult to read
the jumble of function argument names, this function is for you!
Also, if you ever work with functions that have a lot of arguments, you can search arguments by pattern.
jargs(plotSmoothScatter)
#> x = ,
#> y = NULL,
#> bwpi = 50,
#> binpi = 50,
#> bandwidthN = NULL,
#> nbin = NULL,
#> expand = c(0.04, 0.04),
#> transFactor = 0.25,
#> transformation = function( x ) x^transFactor,
#> xlim = NULL,
#> ylim = NULL,
#> xlab = NULL,
#> ylab = NULL,
#> nrpoints = 0,
#> colramp = c("white", "lightblue", "blue", "orange", "orangered2"),
#> col = "black",
#> doTest = FALSE,
#> fillBackground = TRUE,
#> naAction = c("remove", "floor0", "floor1"),
#> xaxt = "s",
#> yaxt = "s",
#> add = FALSE,
#> asp = NULL,
#> applyRangeCeiling = TRUE,
#> useRaster = TRUE,
#> verbose = FALSE,
#> ... =
jargs(plotSmoothScatter, "^y")
#> y = NULL,
#> ylim = NULL,
#> ylab = NULL,
#> yaxt = "s"
sdim()
and ssdim()
These functions apply dim()
to a list, or list of lists.
In fact, they work with more than just lists, they work with S4 object
slotNames
, multi-dimensional arrays, and other objects
which are list-like, for example model fit objects are often stored as a
list.
For convenience, the output includes the class of each element in the list.
L <- list(LETTERS=LETTERS,
letters=letters,
lettersDF=data.frame(LETTERS, letters));
sdim(L);
#> rows cols class
#> LETTERS 26 character
#> letters 26 character
#> lettersDF 26 2 data.frame
L2 <- list(List1=L,
List2=L);
sdim(L2);
#> rows class
#> List1 3 list
#> List2 3 list
ssdim(L2);
#> $List1
#> rows cols class
#> LETTERS 26 character
#> letters 26 character
#> lettersDF 26 2 data.frame
#>
#> $List2
#> rows cols class
#> LETTERS 26 character
#> letters 26 character
#> lettersDF 26 2 data.frame


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?6
7
8
9
10
T
M
v
The
New
York
copyright
reserved
botanical
Garden
J.
A.
SHAFER,
Collector
April
28,
1909
UNITED
STATES
NATIONAL
HERBARIUM
Olyra
latifolia
L.
dĒt
T
R.
Sderstrm
4
F
0
Zufcwga.
Aug
1983
THE
NEW
YORK
BOTANICAL
GARDEN
EXPLORATION
OF
CUBA
Alto
Cedro
to
Paso
Estancia,
Oriente
1604226
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
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