Unfortunately the transformation is not fool-proof, the fundamental problem is that the transformation must potentially modify all the source code of an Erlang system. All the code locations (not in a tail position) from which a receive statement may eventually be called must be modified. As there is no Erlang source code for parts of the distribution (because they are implemented in C) we have no choice but to replace those parts with equivalent parts in pure Erlang.
As an example, consider the translation of the following
code fragment:
Apart from transforming the receive statement itself,
the transformation must potentially also modify the anonymous function in which
the receive statement resides. Here this is not necessary, as the
receive statement occurs in a tail position.
Moreover, the transformation must also modify the lists:foreach
function. Obviously we can use the source code of the lists module;
however there is a problem. Not all functions provided by the
lists module are actually implemented in Erlang. Thus we have
no choice but to provide a slightly modified version of the module
(mce_erl_lists)
with McErlang. By default the modified library module is used, however a user
can choose to use the standard module instead (by overriding the mapping
from lists to mce_erl_lists in ``funinfo.txt'').
This may be safe, if no function passed to any function in lists
can ever execute a return statement (the static analyser that the
transformation phase implements is generally not intelligent enough
to discover such possible optimisations).
As we have not analysed all standard Erlang modules for such problems, nor have we provided alternative implementations for all cases needed, there is a risk that a program may exhibit different behaviour running under McErlang than under the normal Erlang runtime system. Concretely, functions may have arguments which contain unexpected special return values, or special return values may be silently ignored.
Another concern is memory efficiency. In a model checker it is generally important to save memory space. Thus some data structures, although highly efficient in terms of execution speed, can waste too much memory space (examples may include the dict module).
2010-07-05


This is the next generation.
Neovim plans to think of plugins from the start and provide a system that allows for extension in any language. The idea is to allow plugins to be co-processes that communicate with Vim asynchronously. This allows the plugin to listen for events and to send commands to Vim at any time.
Your old plugins will still work with Neovim as a compatibility layer will be provided. Little to no modification will be required.
Neovim will focus on providing a headless text editing environment. This will allow any GUI to be written that ties into the native GUI of whatever operating system it is running on.
Since Neovim will provide the interface to interacting with text, any program will be able to tap into this potential and be able to include Neovim commands right in the application.
The development is happening in the GitHub repository. We're discussing the project in IRC (the #neovim channel on irc.freenode.net) and in the Neovim Google Group, so join us there if you'd like to get involved in the development process.
Subscribe to the monthly newsletter or follow us on Twitter to stay up-to-date on the latest project news.
Follow @NeovimHave a say in the development of Neovim by voting in the Community Polls.
SVG and PNG versions of the Neovim logo are available in the following zip file.
Neovim-logos.zip (1.1 MB)
The Neovim logo by Jason Long is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
All the donations received will go towards the development of Neovim. Any amount donated is very much appreciated by the community.
From time to time, the team will create a bounty for a certain feature or bug with the money donated. If you successfully implement the feature or fix the bug, you'll be rewarded for your efforts.
View the address info on Blockchain.info.
Donate to the Neovim Team using Bountysource. Bountysource supports Paypal & Google Wallet.


--- title: Looking Back at Lean -- 6 lessons for winning layout: post ---
The Lean Startup movement has increased the interest in lean and agile development. I have studied and practiced this stuff for years and seen legit ideas and execution, as well hype and mysticism.
Here are some of the key lessons based on my own experience and the experience of other practitioners I have worked with.
Some really sage advice in this post.


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2010 International Coffee Bean & Tea, LLC "The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf" and logo are registered trademarks of International Coffee & Tea, LLC


Apache Lucene - Overview
- Apache Lucene
-
Lucene News
- 18 February 2007 - Lucene at ApacheCon Europe
- 17 February 2007 - Release 2.1 available
- 3 January 2007 - Nightly Source builds available
- 22 December 2006
- 26 November 2006
- 26 May 2006 - Release 2.0.0 available
- 2 March 2006 - Release 1.9.1 available
- 27 February 2006 - 1.9 final available
- 26 January 2006 - Nightly builds available
- 28 October 2005 - Lucene at ApacheCon
- 14 February 2005 - Lucene moves to Apache top-level
- December 2004 - Lucene in Action is published
- 29 November 2004 - Lucene 1.4.3 Released
Apache Lucene
Apache Lucene is a high-performance, full-featured text search engine library written entirely in Java. It is a technology suitable for nearly any application that requires full-text search, especially cross-platform.
Apache Lucene is an open source project available for free download. Please use the links on the left to access Lucene.
Lucene News
18 February 2007 - Lucene at ApacheCon Europe
Lucene Java and related Lucene projects will have extensive representation at ApacheCon Europe in Amsterdam this year. For the 2007 session, Yonik Seeley will be giving the Full-Text Search with Lucene talk at 10:30 am on May 2nd. Immediately following, Grant Ingersoll will be presenting Advanced Lucene at 11:30. Grant will also be leading a full day tutorial session on May 1st titled Lucene Boot Camp.
Lucene related talks include Solr committer Bertrand Delacrétaz's talk titled Beyond full-text searches with Solr and Lucene and Hadoop committer Owen O'Malley's Introduction to Hadoop.
Registration is now open on the ApacheCon website.
17 February 2007 - Release 2.1 available
This release has many improvements since release 2.0, including new features, performance improvements, bug fixes, etc. See CHANGES.txt for details.
Lucene 2.1 includes index format changes that are not readable by older versions of Lucene. Lucene 2.1 can both read and update older Lucene indexes. Adding to an index with an older format will cause it to be converted to the newer format.
Binary and source distributions are available here.
3 January 2007 - Nightly Source builds available
Nightly source builds of the current development version of Lucene are now available at http://people.apache.org/builds/lucene/java/nightly/. Files are named lucene-DATE-src.tar.gz where DATE is the date of the build.
22 December 2006
The Lucene Java main site is now based on the nightly build of the documentation contained in Subversion. The API documentation is also based on the nightly build of the source. Previous released versions of this site (including API references) are available under the "Site Versions" menu item on the left.
26 November 2006
New Forrest based site released. The Lucene Java website now has a consistent look and feel with its Lucene siblings.
26 May 2006 - Release 2.0.0 available
This is mostly a bugfix release from release 1.9.1. Note however that deprecated 1.x features have now been removed. Any code that compiles against Lucene 1.9.1 without deprecation warnings should work without further changes with any 2.x release. For more information about this release, please read CHANGES.txt .
Binary and source distributions are available here .
2 March 2006 - Release 1.9.1 available
This fixes a serious bug in release 1.9-final. CHANGES.txt for details.
Binary and source distributions are available here .
27 February 2006 - 1.9 final available
This release has many improvements since release 1.4.3, including new features, performance improvements, bug fixes, etc. See CHANGES.txt for details.
1.9 will be the last 1.x release. It is both back-compatible with 1.4.3 and forward-compatible with the upcoming 2.0 release. Many methods and classes in 1.4.3 have been deprecated in 1.9 and will be removed in 2.0. Applications must compile against 1.9 without deprecation warnings before they are compatible with 2.0.
Binary and source distributions are available here .
26 January 2006 - Nightly builds available
Nightly builds of the current development version of Lucene, to be released as Lucene 1.9, are now available at http://cvs.apache.org/dist/lucene/java/nightly/ .
28 October 2005 - Lucene at ApacheCon
Monday, December 12, 2005 at 3pm by Grant Ingersoll:
Abstract:
Lucene is a high performance, scalable, cross-platform search engine that contains many advanced
features that often go untapped by the majority of users. In this session, designed for those
familiar with Lucene, we will examine some of Lucene's more advanced topics and their application,
including:
- Term Vectors: Manual and Pseudo relevance feedback; Advanced document collection analysis for domain specialization
- Span Queries: Better phrase matching; Candidate Identification for Question Answering
- Tying it all Together: Building a search framework for experimentation and rapid deployment
- Case Studies from CNLP : Crosslingual/multilingual retrieval in Arabic, English and Dutch; Sublanguage specialization for commercial trouble ticket analysis; Passage retrieval and analysis for Question Answering application
Topics 1 through 3 will provide technical details on implementing the advanced Lucene features, while the fourth topic will provide a broader context for understanding when and where to use these features.
14 February 2005 - Lucene moves to Apache top-level
Lucene has migrated from Apache's Jakarta project to the top-level. Along with this migration, the source code repository has been converted to Subversion. The migration is in progress with some loose ends. Please stay tuned!
December 2004 - Lucene in Action is published
The first book dedicated solely to Lucene is published. The "search inside the book" feature implemented with Lucene can be seen at lucenebook.com .
29 November 2004 - Lucene 1.4.3 Released
This fixes a few bugs in 1.4.2. See CHANGES.txt for details. Binary and source distributions are available here . After choosing your mirror, navigate to the archive section via the java link.


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---
title: Recipes
---
#Recipes
I made an app to store and share recipes. Check it out at recipes.aherriot.com.
The initial idea for this website was to create a simple place to save my favourite recipes for quick reference and easy access.
For this project, I used a range of technologies, including Ruby on Rails, MySQL, nginx, unicorn, and OAuth2.
My secondary goal is to make a recipes in the form of flow charts, similar to the tables at the bottom of recipes at Cooking for Engineers. I would like to make it cleaner and more beautiful. The challenge is making a great UI for the creation of flow chart recipes. Right now, my implementation is not very easy to use for the majority of people. I would also like to make it more mobile friendly.


Tether Transfers Outpace Ethereum on its Own Network
by Christine VasilevaThe Ethereum network now carries more 2-3x more Tether in its ERC-20 form than the native ETH asset. The reason for this is record-high activity of the new type of stablecoin, as demand for arbitrage and the movement of funds continues to grow significantly.
Tether Takes Over as Leading Smart Contract
USDT tokens have had much less activity on the Omni layer, as most leading exchanges shifted to using the Ethereum-based stablecoin. The Tether smart contract has established itself as the leading gas burner for months now.
The presence of USDT may also be one of the reasons for boosting ETH market prices, which have stabilized above $180 for a few weeks now. More than $563 million in USDT tokens have flown into ETH over the past day, making the coin one of the most liquid in the market. ETH is also on the rise while Bitcoin (BTC) has moved down a few notches.
USDT Tokens Diversify Network Presence
Tether tokens also exist on a few other networks, though those are not as active. TRON-based USDT is a significant force, with more than 844 million tokens. The assets are used in special incentive-based programs, but for now, have failed to boost TRX above $0.020. The TRON-based asset offers specific perks and presence on niche exchanges. The TRON-based stablecoin represents 12% of the entire balance of USDT.
At the moment, Tether sees relatively low activity, with most large transfers representing new minting on alternative networks. Each USDT coin trades between 4 and 5 times per day, which is relatively low compared to peak days. USDT still outpaces BTC in terms of daily volumes, accounting for 33.48% of all trades, while BTC accounts for just 28%.
Tether also connects the leading market operators with regular whale-sized transactions.
Tether has spread to into altcoins, but so far supports only a small selection of leading assets. The lack of an altcoin rally may be due to the limited penetration of USDT in altcoin markets, as the most obscure exchanges have less access to the stablecoin.
At the same time, the inflow of USDT also coincides with regular token burns for USDC and similar dollar-pegged assets. The smaller stablecoins are often used as a way to liquidate to fiat, while USDT itself has not shown a fiat off-ramp, especially for retail owners.
What do you think of the influence of USDT? Share your thoughts int he comments section below!
Images via Shutterstock, Twitter @Coinmetrics @Poloniex @Whale_alert
The Rundown


Finally, the Convex Hull score is a ratio that measures how “convex” a district shape is. In geometry, a convex shape is one in which any two points in the interior of the shape can be connected by a straight line that stays inside the shape. If there is any pair of interior points connected by a straight line that partially falls outside of the shape, then the shape is known as concave. The picture below shows an example of a convex shape (image a) versus concave shape (image b):
in-context


Try out our Premium Member services: Virtual Legal Assistant, Query Alert Service and an ad-free experience. Free for one month and pay only if you like it.
$~ * IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI % Date of Judgment : 29.08.2016 + W.P.(C) 4263/2012, CM APPL Nos. 8841/2012, 826/2014, 16281/2015, 16282/2015 & 23989/2015 GURMEET SINGH AND ORS ..... Petitioners Through Mr. Vimal Wadhawan and Mr. Vipin Kumar, Advocates versus N.D.M.C. AND ANR ..... Respondents Through Mr. Anuj Aggarwal, ASC with Ms. Niti Jain, Advocate for GNCTD CORAM: HON'BLE MS. JUSTICE INDERMEET KAUR INDERMEET KAUR, J. (Oral)
1 There are seven petitioners before this Court. The case as set up is that the petitioners had purchased seven shops in property No. 7, Ganesh Market, Opposite B-Block, Ganda Nala, Moti Nagar, New Delhi from one Jaspal Singh. Petitioner No. 1 had purchased his shop (7-E) on 08.08.1990. Petitioners No. 2 & 3 had purchased their shops (7-F and 7-G) on W.P. (C) No.4263/2012 Page 1 of 9 07.02.2000. Petitioner No. 4 had purchased his shop (7-A) on 28.04.2009. Petitioner No. 5 had purchased his shop (7-B) in 2008. Petitioner No. 7 had purchased his shop (7-D and 7-C) in 2003-2005. Further averments in the writ petition disclose that the original owner of these shops was Amin Chand who had executed a power of attorney dated 06.03.1987 for half his share in favour of Jaspal Singh and for other half of the property to Surender Singh. The aforenoted petitioners had purchased these shops from the share of Jaspal Singh who had constructed seven shops on the said premises and sold them to these seven petitioners. Additional submission is that the Circular/Policy of the Department dated 06.07.2011 based on Resolution No. 874 dated 16.03.2011 and Resolution No. 10 dated 27.05.2011 is bad. The petitioners have been forcibly evicted from the said shops vide orders dated 16.11.2011 and 11.07.2012 which is in terms of their Policy dated 06.07.2011 which is against their Resolutions dated 16.03.2011 and 27.05.2011; they being bad in law, the same should be set aside. 2 In the counter affidavit filed by the respondents, this position has been disputed. Submission is that the original allottee was Amin Chand who had only been granted a license and since he has violated the terms of the license, the petitioners who are illegal occupants having purchased these shops from W.P. (C) No.4263/2012 Page 2 of 9 the power of attorney holder of Amin Chand and being in contravention of the terms of the license which had been granted to Amin Chand; they are entitled to no relief.
3 Arguments have been heard. Record has been perused. 4 The averments in the writ petition disclose certain undisputed facts.
The undisputed fact is that all the seven petitioners had purachased seven shops from one Jaspal Singh. Jaspal Singh had allegedly become the owner of these shops (which he had constructed by virtue of an agreement to sell which he had entered into with Amin Chand who was the original license holder of this aforenoted land). This aforenoted land comprised of 100 square yards and had been granted to Amin Chand for the purpose of running a coal depot. Amin Chand had executed a general power of attorney and agreement to sell dated 06.03.1987 with Jaspal Singh and one Surender Singh. Jaspal Singh had constructed these seven shops which had then been sold to the present petitioners. All these facts stand admitted in paras 6 to 9 of the petition.
5 Thus what comes on record is that the original licensee was Amin Chand but thereafter the rights in this property have passed on to the present petitioners.
W.P. (C) No.4263/2012 Page 3 of 9 6 The stand of the Municipal Corporation in its counter affidavit is that the Policy dated 06.07.2011 framed by the answering respondent is a Policy of the Government which cannot be interfered with. The premises in question was allotted on tehbazari basis to Amin Chand. He was allotted this site for running a coal depot. Amin Chand had illegally sold the land in question to Jaspal Singh who in turn constructed seven shops and thereafter sold the same to the seven petitioners. Since the tehbazari rights granted to Amin Chand stand violated, a show cause notice was issued to Amin Chand on 11.11.2011 asking him as to why this site be not cancelled as there was a violation of the tehbazari rights. The subsequent order dated 16.11.2011 was passed. A further show cause notice dated 25.06.2012 was also issued to the petitioners stating that the original allottee had created a third party right which he could not do and since they were illegal occupants, they were liable to be evicted. They were granted opportunity of personal hearing but they did not appear. The contention of the respondents is that the land is a public land and tehbazari does not confer any right over the land in question. At best it is a permissive user and since the conditions of the license have been violated, the petitioners are liable to tbe evicted.
W.P. (C) No.4263/2012 Page 4 of 9 7 Learned counsel for the petitioners in support of his claim has relied upon a judgment of a Bench of this Court passed in W.P. (C) No.1005/2011 titled Kirori Mal and Others Vs. MCD. Submission is that in a similar context where the petitioners were in settled possession and they were asked to be evicted by the MCD, a Bench of this Court had noted that they can be removed only under the provisions of Public Premises Act and not otherwise and the proceedings before the Estate Officer had necessarily to be followed. Submission is that this judgment has been upheld in LPA No. 481/2011 decided on 25.07.2011.
8 The facts of the case of Kirori Mal (supra) have been perused. In that case there was a decree enuring in favour of the said petitioners which was a decree which was 15 years old. This was noted in the order of the Single Bench which had in this context said that since the petitioners already had a decree in their favour and the respondent-MCD had been restrained from dispossessing them in terms of that decree dated 23.01.1995 (15 years old), they being in settled possession, they could not be evicted unless the Department resorted to the provisions of Public Premises Act. This aspect was considered by the Division Bench and the Division Bench had reiterated the position that since a decree had been passed in favour of the petitioners W.P. (C) No.4263/2012 Page 5 of 9 in the year 1995 to which the MCD was also a party and the suit having been filed in the year 1978 and not having been challenged, the respondent Corporation could not evict the petitioner then as so stated by the Single Judge i.e. by taking recourse of the Public Premises Act. The facts of that case were clearly different and would not be applicable to the facts of the instant case.
9 What has come on record in the instant case is that the seven petitioners had purchased the aforenoted shops in 1990 to 2007 from the illegal and unauthorized holder Jaspal Singh who also had no legal right in the tehbazari rights of Amin Chand and who was admittedly the original allottee.
10 A Bench of this Court while dealing with a similar factual matrix as also the Circular of the Government dated 06.07.2011, Resolution No. 874 dated 16.03.2011 and Resolution No. 10 dated 27.05.2011 in W.P. 3455/2012 titled Smt. Shanti Devi Vs. Government of NCT of Delhi and Others had noted herein as under:-
"Insofar as the first contention is concerned, i.e. that the impugned policy lacks bona fide, there is no material to substantiate this contention. .........
W.P. (C) No.4263/2012 Page 6 of 9 In view of the above, the contention that the impugned policy was framed only to sustain a statement made before a Division Bench of this court, cannot be accepted." 11 The Policy was upheld. The Court went ahead to state that a license when granted by the Corporation is only for a permissive user and does not confer any right in respect of the said property.
12 In this case also, admittedly the original allottee Amin Chand had been granted a license which stood cancelled by the show cause notice dated 11.11.2011; since he had violated the terms of the license, that license had been cancelled. This judgment passed by the Single Judge was upheld by the Division Bench in LPA No.542/2015 titled Rajiv Narula Vs. Governments of NCT of Delhi and Others [including the case of Shanti Devi Vs. Governments of NCT of Delhi Thr Its Chief Secretary and others (LPA No.595/2015)] wherein before the Division Bench a re-argument on the policy dated 06.07.2011 was heard and decided in favour of the Corporation. The said order reads herein as under:-
"11 The challenge of the appellants to the policy dated July 06, 2011 cannot be sustained on the reasons urged. The appellants claim that the policy needs to be struck down for the reason the Division Bench of this Court in LPA No.240/2006 did not direct MCD to frame the policy rather recorded the statement of the counsel. Vide the amendment dated July 06, 2011 the expression "Hon'ble High Court of Delhi passed an order in LPA No.240/2006 titled MCD Vs Sadhna Grover vide which MCD was directed W.P. (C) No.4263/2012 Page 7 of 9 to frame a policy with regard to the Coal Depots. Pursuant to the above said orders of the Hon'ble High Court of Delhi..." appearing in para-1 of the Circular No.AO/CL&EC/2011/87 dated 06.07.2011" has been deleted in the policy and thus the challenge on this ground does not survive.
12. Nothing has been placed on record to show that the policy as framed is arbitrary, illegal or that the MCDs have no authority to lay down the policy. No doubt coal as a utility has lost its value in day-to-day life of man. Except being used in hotels, restaurants etc. the coal is not being used as a commodity in the household on day-to-day basis and the storage spaces for LPA Nos.542/2015 & connected matters Page 36 of 40 the coal depots as required earlier are not required in the present scenario. The use of coal is further prohibited by the various orders passed under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. Thus we find no reason to strike down the policy dated July 06, 2011 of the respondent MCDs as arbitrary and illegal." 13 The second aspect regarding the re-possession of the property (as is argued in the present case) was also discussed and while extracting a portion of the order passed by the Single Bench in that matter, the Division Bench being in agreement with that order had extracted it as under:-
""1. The petitioners in these petitions are claiming rights to occupy premises which had been allotted as coal depots to their respective predecessors. Some of the petitioners are third parties who have allegedly acquired occupancy rights pertaining to the respective premises occupied by them, from the original allottees of those premises. Some of the petitioners are claiming to be the heirs of the original allottees...." W.P. (C) No.4263/2012 Page 8 of 9 14 Needless to state that this Policy would apply only to tehbazari holders who are entitled to tehbazari rights; the petitioners who are the alleged successors in interest of the original allottee Amin Chand have no tehbazari rights.
15 This writ petition is without any merit. Dismissed.
INDERMEET KAUR, J AUGUST 29, 2016 A W.P. (C) No.4263/2012 Page 9 of 9


This is an example of project. This is the index.html -page.
You can browse the pages by clicking the top links.
The page and requirements should be changing as you click the top link.
The functionality in this version has been made with Javasctipt.


| adjust_transparency {colorspace} | R Documentation |
Add, remove, or modify alpha transparency of a vector of colors.
adjust_transparency(col, alpha = TRUE)
col |
vector of R colors. Can be any of the three kinds of R colors,
i.e., either a color name (an element of
|
alpha |
either a new numeric alpha transparency value or logical (to add/remove alpha)
or |
Alpha transparency is useful for making colors semi-transparent, e.g., for overlaying different elements in graphics. An alpha value of 0 (or 00 in hex strings) corresponds to fully transparent and an alpha value of 1 (or FF in hex strings) corresponds to fully opaque. If a color hex string in R does not provide an explicit alpha transparency, the color is assumed to be fully opaque.
The adjust_transparency
function can be used to adjust the alpha transparency
of a set of colors. It always returns a hex color specification. This hex color
can have the alpha transparency added/removed/modified depending on the
specification of alpha
:
alpha = NULL
: Returns a hex vector with alpha transparency only if needed.
Thus, it keeps the alpha transparency for the colors (if any) but only if
different from opaque.
alpha = TRUE
: Returns a hex vector with alpha transparency
for all colors, using opaque (FF) as the default if missing.
alpha = FALSE
: Returns a hex vector without alpha transparency for
all colors (even if the original colors had non-opaque alpha).
alpha
numeric: Returns a hex vector with alpha transparency for
all colors set to the alpha
argument (recycled if necessary).
A character vector with hexadecimal color strings with alpha transparency
corresponding to alpha
argument.
Zeileis A, Fisher JC, Hornik K, Ihaka R, McWhite CD, Murrell P, Stauffer R, Wilke CO (2020). “ccolorspace: A Toolbox for Manipulating and Assessing Colors and Palettes.” Journal of Statistical Software, 96(1), 1–49. doi: 10.18637/jss.v096.i01
## modify transparency of a color (in different formats) adjust_transparency("black", alpha = c(0, 0.5, 1)) ## name adjust_transparency("#000000", alpha = c(0, 0.5, 1)) ## hex string adjust_transparency(1, alpha = c(0, 0.5, 1)) ## palette() integer ## three shades of gray (in different formats: ## name/opaque, hex/opaque, hex/semi-transparent) x <- c("gray", "#BEBEBE", "#BEBEBE80") ## adjust transparency adjust_transparency(x, alpha = NULL) ## only if necessary adjust_transparency(x, alpha = TRUE) ## add adjust_transparency(x, alpha = FALSE) ## remove adjust_transparency(x, alpha = 0.8) ## modify


Welcome to ImageRepository
Featuring bulk image upload with authenticated user access and encryption at rest.
Features
- Secure upload, with transmissions protected by TLS 1.2
- Authenticated user access, accounts are used to keep track of your uploads and prevent others from deleting your own images.
- Public/Private access, set whichever permission is most appropriate for you!
- Public gallery feature, where public images are listed.
- Bulk uploads, with a max total submission size of 100MB! You can uploads thousands of files at once.
- Bulk delete, clear your entire repository or delete select amounts of images.


GET /api/pulls/:pull_id/merges
List merges for a PR
Examples
GET /api/pulls/5/merges.json
204
Params
-
pull_id :
required
[
Must be a Integer
]
POST /api/pulls
Create a new pull request
Examples
POST /api/pulls/5/merges.json
{}
200
DELETE /api/pulls/:id
Deletes a pull request
Params
-
id :
required
[
Must be a Integer
]
Which PR to nuke


Can you search for employment without a device or Internet access?
Think for a moment about the last time you applied for a job.
- How did you find the job opening?
- How did you update your resume?
- How did you send your resume to the employer?
- How did the employer contact you for a job interview (phone, email, etc.)?
- How did you print out your resume?
- While some job opportunities are spread via word of mouth, many websites like Indeed, Monster, LinkedIn, and even Facebook, post about job openings. In order to find and apply for these jobs, you must have a device and a stable Internet connection.
- Do you have enough data and/or access to WiFi to search for and apply to jobs?
- Many people who are unhoused have infrequent and interrupted access to WiFi and limited data. Some people who are unhoused do not have phones with Internet access at all.
Let’s say you successfully apply for a job.
- If you are unable to access the Internet for several days, you may miss an email invitation for a job interview.
- You may have just missed your chance to get the job.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, public libraries have strict rules about who can access library computers and for how long.
- Patrons must have a reason for using the library computers. You cannot come to the library to solely browse the Internet during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Patrons can only access computers for 45 minutes.
- Patrons will not be permitted to enter the library without a mask, which may not be readily available to everyone who is unhoused.
With all of these barriers for people who are unhoused and unemployed, think about how difficult it could be to find a job to move towards saving money and getting an apartment.
Want to read more? Check out some of our sources for this post:


TinkerCAD is an online software by AUTODESK which allows us to simulate electronic circuits and also arduino commands and code, making a good place to test out code before implementig it to the protoype
using a single switch to change modes on an arduino
Pulse width Modulation also know as PWM for short form is a programmed function to vary the output of an output device such as a dc motor, to contol speed, LED to control brightnes, or heating element to control heat.
PWM works by having short Pulses of signel sent to the output device, turning it on and off rapdily, te longer each pulse the "higher power",(eg. higher speed in a fan"
PWM for dc motor control example
In this example,the osciliscope shows the pulse width of the circuits, the output signal is sent to a transitor, which acts as a "digital switch", to control the DC motor which requires 9 Volts, since running 9V through the arduino would damage it, the transistor is nesscary to handle the 9V


Questions students have about Chicago Public Schools (CPS), and some brief attempts at answering them.
The students had many more questions than there was time to answer. Click here to jump to a full list of all questions.
# Because this is the first question we need to load in the data first.
# If you do not understand what is going on here and other similar-looking sections
# please feel free to ignore them, and skip to the figures and regular text.
# Here we retrieve code we'll use for our analysis
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import analysis_helper
# Load the data
combined_df, hs_df = analysis_helper.load_data()
analysis_helper.histogram_plot(
hs_df,
'College_Enrollment_School_Pct_Year_2',
hist_label = 'Percent of Students Enrolled in College after Graduation',
bins = np.arange( 0., 110., 20. ),
x_lim = [ 0, 100 ],
y_label = 'Number of High Schools',
)
As can be seen in the above figure, of 184 high schools, in most high schools more than half of their graduating students enroll in college. However, in as many as ~50 schools less than 40% of graduating students enroll in college. Further in only 20 schools more than 80% of graduating students enroll in college.
One way to approach this question is to look at the percent of students that enroll in colleges after leaving highly-rated schools.
overall_rating_mapping = {
'Inability to Rate': -1,
'Level 3': 3.,
'Level 3+': 2.5,
'Level 2': 2.,
'Level 2+': 1.5,
'Level 1': 1.,
'Level 1+': 0.5,
}
analysis_helper.scatter_plot(
combined_df,
'Overall_Rating',
'College_Enrollment_School_Pct_Year_2',
x_mapping = overall_rating_mapping,
x_label = 'CPS Overall Rating: smaller numbers are better ratings, with 0.5 (Level 1+) the best',
y_label = 'Percent of Students Enrolled in College after Graduation',
jitter = 0.1,
x_lim = [ 0., 3.5 ],
y_lim = [ 0, 100 ],
)
Highly-rated schools tend to enroll a larger fraction of their students in college on, on average. This suggests that rating does correlate with a traditional measure of success. However, there are over 15 highly-rated schools that enroll less than 30% of their students in college.
While this question was about students' test scores and GPA, because we were already looking at the college enrollment data we used that instead. However, in another question we looked at the relationship between standardized testing and college enrollment.
Our measure of school culture was the "Culture Climate Rating". The Culture Climate Rating is a score of the school's culture and climate based on the My Voice, My School 5Essentials survey. According to CPS: "For more information on this survey and additional measures of school culture and climate visit cps.5-essentials.org".
# This maps the qualitative assessment to a quantiative score
culture_climate_rating_mapping = {
'NOT ENOUGH DATA': -1.,
'NOT YET ORGANIZED': 1.,
'PARTIALLY ORGANIZED': 2.,
'MODERATELY ORGANIZED': 3.,
'ORGANIZED': 4.,
'WELL ORGANIZED': 5.,
}
analysis_helper.scatter_plot(
combined_df,
'Culture_Climate_Rating',
'College_Enrollment_School_Pct_Year_2',
x_mapping = culture_climate_rating_mapping,
x_label = 'Culture Climate Rating, from "Not Yet Organized" (1) to "Well Organized" (5)',
y_label = 'Percent of Students Enrolled in College after Graduation',
jitter = 0.15,
x_lim = [ 0.5, 5.5 ],
y_lim = [ 0, 100 ],
)
There's no clear correlation between school culture and success in enrolling students in colleges. A more careful quantitative analysis may reveal a trend, but the trend will be subtle.
To approach this question we used the "Culture Climate Rating" as a measure of student behavior in the academic environment. We then compared the Culture Climate Rating with a measure of the school-wide performance on the NWEA math assessment.
# This maps the qualitative assessment to a quantiative score
culture_climate_rating_mapping = {
'NOT ENOUGH DATA': -1.,
'NOT YET ORGANIZED': 1.,
'PARTIALLY ORGANIZED': 2.,
'MODERATELY ORGANIZED': 3.,
'ORGANIZED': 4.,
'WELL ORGANIZED': 5.,
}
analysis_helper.scatter_plot(
combined_df,
'Culture_Climate_Rating',
'NWEA_Math_Attainment_Grade_8_Pct',
x_mapping = culture_climate_rating_mapping,
x_label = 'Culture Climate Rating, from "Not Yet Organized" (1) to "Well Organized" (5)',
y_label = '8th Grade NWEA Math Percentile',
jitter = 0.15,
x_lim = [ 0.5, 5.5 ],
y_lim = [ 0, 100 ],
)
There doesn't appear to be a strong correlation between school culture and performance on the NWEA math exam. This may imply that school culture is not as important as other factors in exam performance. However, there may be some more subtle trends.
Here we used the schools' performance in the NWEA math assessment as a measure of student performance. Note that while the question was about a single student's performance, we can only approach this question by looking at the behavior of the whole student body for a given school.
analysis_helper.scatter_plot(
combined_df,
'Teacher_Attendance_Year_2_Pct',
'NWEA_Math_Attainment_Grade_8_Pct',
x_label = 'Teacher Attendance Percentage',
y_label = '8th Grade NWEA Math Percentile',
y_lim = [ 0, 100 ],
)
While there's a lot of variation, there's a clear correlation: schools with higher teacher attendance do better on the NWEA exams.
To approach this question we compared the Student Attainment Rating to the percent of students enrolled in college after graduation. The Student Attainment Rating is a measure of performance on standardized tests, where a value of 50 means the school is performing at an average level compared to the rest of the nation.
# This maps the qualitative assessment to a quantiative score
student_attainment_rating_mapping = {
'NO DATA AVAILABLE': -1,
'FAR BELOW AVERAGE': 1.,
'BELOW AVERAGE': 2.,
'AVERAGE': 3.,
'ABOVE AVERAGE': 4.,
'FAR ABOVE AVERAGE': 5.,
}
analysis_helper.scatter_plot(
combined_df,
'Student_Attainment_Rating',
'College_Enrollment_School_Pct_Year_2',
x_mapping = student_attainment_rating_mapping,
x_label = 'Student Attainment Rating, from "Far Below Average" (1) to "Far Above Average" (5)',
y_label = 'Percent of Students Enrolled in College after Graduation',
jitter = 0.15,
x_lim = [ 0.5, 5.5 ],
y_lim = [ 0, 100 ],
)
There's clearly a strong correlation between school performance on standardized tests and the number of students enrolled in college. However, the schools that fall below average on standardized tests have vary widely in the percentage of students enrolled in college.
To approach this question, we tried to use the Healthy CPS certification as a measure of the food environment. However...
n_hs_certified = ( hs_df['Healthy_School_Certification'] == 'Achieved' ).sum()
print( '{} high schools have Healthy CPS certifications!'.format( n_hs_certified ) )
As you can see, no high schools have the Healthy CPS certification. So we stopped this line of exploration here.
To approach this question we compared the schools' "Creative School Certification" to their performance on standardized tests, in particular the NWEA. Here we used the "Creative School Certification" as a measure of the availability and prominence of extracurriculars.
According to CPS, the Creative School Certification measures how well a school "meets the goals and priorities of the CPS Arts Education Plan including Staffing & Instruction, Partnerships, Community & Culture and Budget & Planning. To learn more, visit www.cpsarts.org/creative-schools-certification ."
# This maps the qualitative assessment to a quantiative score
creative_mapping = {
'INCOMPLETE DATA': -1.,
'EMERGING': 1.,
'DEVELOPING': 2.,
'STRONG': 3.,
'EXCELLING': 4.,
}
analysis_helper.scatter_plot(
combined_df,
'Creative_School_Certification',
'NWEA_Math_Attainment_Grade_8_Pct',
x_mapping = creative_mapping,
x_label = 'Creative School Certification, from "Emerging" (1) to "Excelling" (4)',
y_label = '8th Grade NWEA Math Percentile',
jitter = 0.15,
x_lim = [ 0.5, 4.5 ],
y_lim = [ 0, 100 ],
)
There may be a correlation here, but if so it's relatively subtle. It's not immediately clear that schools with high creativity do well on standardized tests, but there is a particularly noticeable group of schools that get a certification of "Excelling" while also being in the 80th percentil or better on the NWEA score.
Below are questions we didn't have time to approach. That's not because they're not interesting though: every single one is a very interesting question. Note that students came up with questions individually, so some questions may overlap.
This page is the result of an exploration by students from the Northwestern Academy for Chicago Public Schools. Over the course of three ~30 minute sessions (with ~10-15 students per session) students filtered through the CPS 2016 school progress reports and came up with a list of things they wanted to know. The students then worked together with vault admins to try and answer their questions during that time. This webpage is the result.
A few things to note:
This expedition was led by Zach Hafen.


https://images.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sharonronan.co.uk%2Fimg%2Fs%2Fv-3%2Fp1440663586-4.jpg&f=1
My wife and I are approaching 15 years of marriage. I’m in my late 30s we got married in our early 20s. We live in New England… it’s basically unheard of.
Anyway, before I got married a friend of mine who was a few years older than me mentioned the best advice I’d received on the actual wedding. It wasn’t logistical. It wasn’t about the whole thing. It’s also ironic to me because a few years later we helped his wife pack up and leave over his infidelity . But the advice was really simple and truly beautiful.
Freeze a moment in time
All he said was… “It’s an amazing and beautiful thing to watch your wife walk down the aisle. Take special care to remember that moment.”
My wife and I ended up getting married near the ocean by a hill. My wife actually chose to walk down the hill with all the switch backs. I got to watch her walk down the aisle at me for literally a minute as she stepped closer. My memory for things like this isn’t amazing, but because of my friend’s advice my brain has a stored reel in there with a title of “Best friend, long walk, wedding.” I play it in my head when I do reiki and I’m trying to pump as much love through my heart as possible.
 I’d share this simple advice.  Roll camera. And store that long walk down as your heart beats faster!
And then there’s this moment!
I called my grand parents who lived in Florida and couldn’t travel to the wedding. It was about an hour before the ceremony. I tell them “Hey, you mean so much to me. You’ve met my bride and welcomed her. I wanted you to be part of this day, so, I love you both and at least you can participate a little this way!”
My Grandfather stopped, paused, and said “I don’t think you should get married today. It’s a lot easier to say ‘No’ now than it is an hour from now.” I think all the blood must have withdrawn from my face. What a weird time to share that! It’s not like we eloped. He had a few months to say it… oh well… “Can you put my Grandmother on the phone?”
I heard her sweet voice come on the phone… and then she decided to channel some 1950s book on relationships… “You’re a man now. As the man you have to take control of this relationship. You’re the sole head of house, and for that you have to be strong.” It’s like she fast forwarded to now, really bought into Handmaid’s tale, and then went back in time to deliver that marriage advice (or more simply, she just listened to the standard advice of the day).
Marriage is the hardest and most likely best thing you’ll do with your life
I tend to steer people away from marriage at first. If just that little bit of negativity can steer them away then they probably weren’t ready for it. If they stand firm then I switch to highly supportive. Marriage is hard. It’s hard work. In some ways it gets harder as two people living together inevitably hurt one another. Those things build up if they aren’t addressed. Hopefully, you have good role models to learn good and effective ways of communication. At least then you have a chance that after you hurt your other that you can mend.
https://images.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=http%3A%2F%2F3.bp.blogspot.com%2F-jDEuu6Mxo1s%2FTgjkzRf2oPI%2FAAAAAAAAAEE%2FYzqV8-dyQ8o%2Fs1600%2Fthe_princess_bride-11619.jpg&f=1
https://steemitimages.com/0x0/https://steemitimages.com/0x0/https://steemitimages.com/0x0/http://i.imgur.com/qQHBITS.png
This page is synchronized from the post: ‘The best and worst advice on my wedding day’


Shakil Ahmed
Vice President, Maharashtra
Swaraj Abhiyan
{{ content }}
Blog
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Bio
In the News
SRA Book
@myshakil
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>+91-9969925602


Abode brings HomeKit functionality to its iota home security system
Source: Adobe
What you need to know
- Abode has delivered HomeKit functionality to its iota home security system.
- You can now control the DIY home security system with Siri and the Apple Home app.
- Abode says iota is the only HomeKit enabled DIY security system.
Abode has announced that its iota home security system now supports Apple HomeKit, allowing integration with the Apple Home app and Siri control.
In a press release abode said:
Today is the big day! We're very pleased to announce that Apple HomeKit support for iota, our all-in-one home security solution, is now live! abode community members can now integrate their abode iota system into the Home app for a single-app smart home & security experience. iota is the first abode solution to achieve HomeKit Certification and is now accessible through the Home App on compatible Apple devices.
Using the Home app, users will be able to arm or disarm their security system. It also supports motion events triggered by abode's motion sensors. Users can also access live video from iota's streaming camera directly from the Home app.
As of today, any abode-branded door/window sensors*, any abode-branded occupancy sensor, and any abode-branded motion sensors purchased after December 2018 paired to your iota will be automatically added to the Home app when you add your iota. Additional abode devices and sensors, including the Gen 2 and Gen 1 gateways, are being worked on to be certified by the Apple HomeKit team and added to their official certification list.
Abode also mentioned that it is working on bringing HomeKit functionality to its entire ecosystem, however as of just now it is only available to iota customers, as long as you have the most up-to-date version of the iOS app.


Shine
Shine is a movie starring Geoffrey Rush, Armin Mueller-Stahl, and Justin Braine. Pianist David Helfgott, driven by his father and teachers, has a breakdown. Years later he returns to the piano, to popular if not critical acclaim.


Computes various stability parameters from Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis results such as Modified AMMI Stability Value (MASV), Sums of the Absolute Value of the Interaction Principal Component Scores (SIPC), Sum Across Environments of Genotype-Environment Interaction Modelled by AMMI (AMGE), Sum Across Environments of Absolute Value of Genotype-Environment Interaction Modelled by AMMI (AV_(AMGE)), AMMI Stability Index (ASI), Modified ASI (MASI), AMMI Based Stability Parameter (ASTAB), Annicchiarico's D Parameter (DA), Zhang's D Parameter (DZ), Averages of the Squared Eigenvector Values (EV), Stability Measure Based on Fitted AMMI Model (FA), Absolute Value of the Relative Contribution of IPCs to the Interaction (Za). Further calculates the Simultaneous Selection Index for Yield and Stability from the computed stability parameters. See the vignette for complete list of citations for the methods implemented.
| Version: | 0.1.1 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.5.0) |
| Imports: | agricolae, ggcorrplot, ggplot2, methods, reshape2, stats, Rdpack |
| Suggests: | knitr, rmarkdown, pander |
| Published: | 2018-12-07 |
| Author: | B. C. Ajay [aut, cre], J. Aravind [aut], R. Abdul Fiyaz [aut], ICAR [cph] (https://www.icar.org.in) |
| Maintainer: | B. C. Ajay <ajaygpb at yahoo.co.in> |
| BugReports: | http://github.com/ajaygpb/ammistability/issues |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 |
| Copyright: | 2017-2018, ICAR-DGR |
| URL: | http://github.com/ajaygpb/ammistability https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ammistability https://ajaygpb.github.io/ammistability https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1344756 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Citation: | ammistability citation info |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | ammistability results |
| Reference manual: | ammistability.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Introduction |
| Package source: | ammistability_0.1.1.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: ammistability_0.1.1.zip, r-release: ammistability_0.1.1.zip, r-oldrel: ammistability_0.1.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: ammistability_0.1.1.tgz, r-oldrel: ammistability_0.1.0.tgz |
| Old sources: | ammistability archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ammistability to link to this page.


$('form.disable-on-submit').disableOnSubmit();
$('form.disable-on-submit-custom-duration').disableOnSubmit({ duration: 1000 });
$('form.disable-on-submit-custom-template').disableOnSubmit({ buttonTemplate: 'Please wait to try to submit again.', submitInputText: 'Please wait to try to submit again.' });
$('form.disable-on-submit').disableOnSubmit(); <form class="disable-on-submit row mb-4" data-disable-on-submit="1000"> ... </form>


--- date: 2015-07-20 12:00:05 author: Jen Gray title: "PhoneGap Day EU 2015: HTML GL - render HTML / CSS via WebGL for 60 FPS and a bit of effects" format: html tags: - PhoneGap Day - Event - Community ---
A big thanks to everyone who was able to make it to PhoneGap Day EU 2015 in Amsterdam. We'll be posting more videos from the conference so check back on our blog and Youtube channel.
Next up, Denis Radin talks about how HTML GL solves "the slow DOM problem" by creating WebGL representations of DOM elements and hiding actual DOM after. This speeds up HTML/CSS animations and transformations by using 3D hardware acceleration and allows you to apply OpenGL effects as modern 3D games have. He also sheds some light on approaches being developed in UPC for getting the highest performance on mobile and TV devices.
Slides available here


The human retina is not a uniform neural tissue. The highest density of cone photoreceptors in the retina is in the foveal pit, which is used for such visual tasks a reading, threading needles, and identification of distant objects. The macula is a circular region of the retina that extends radially from the fovea with a much higher density of cones than the peripheral retina which is dominated by rods. Most of the visual cortex is devoted to processing images focused in the macula. Therefore, for human conscious perception, the macula is particularly important.
Interlaced among the photoreceptors and the other retinal neurons in the macula is a yellow screening pigment, the macula lutea, that is believed to protect the retina from damage by short wavelengths. The spatial extent of this circular screening pigment is approximately 6-10o with the highest pigment density in the foveal region. Since the macular pigment preferentially filters short wavelengths and since the most effective rays entering the eye are along the optical axis, the spectral sensitivity of the central retina will be influenced by the optical density of the macular pigment.
Importantly, individuals differ quite substantially in the optical density of their macular pigment. The optical density of the macular pigment for different people can range from 0.3 to 0.7; the original model by Rea et al. (2005) assumes a single optical density of 0.5 for all individuals. A new feature of the CS calculator enables users to change macular pigment density for 0.3 to 0.7 in steps of 0.05 to determine how individuals might differ in their effective CS for a given spectral power distribution.


My Dating Website
Home
Interests
Indoor Interests
checked="checked" >{{@indoorOptions}}
{{ @errors['indoor'] }}
Outdoor Interests
checked="checked" >{{@outdoorOptions}}
{{ @errors['outdoor'] }}
Next >


This is a Vagrant box, created with Packer, provisioned with Salt.
You can find the repository with all files to create this Vagrant box at https://bitbucket.org/keimlink/pvs-example.


"HOPHNI "pugilist or client, one of the two sons of Eli, the high priest (1 Samuel 1:3; 2:34), who, because he was “very old,” resigned to them the active duties of his office.  For their wickedness they were called “sons of Belial,” i.e., worthless men (2:12). They both perished in the disastrous battle with the Philistines at Aphek(4:11). (See PHINEHAS.)
"HOPHNI "pugilist or client, one of the two sons of Eli, the high priest (1 Samuel 1:3; 2:34), who, because he was “very old,” resigned to them the active duties of his office.  For their wickedness they were called “sons of Belial,” i.e., worthless men (2:12).
They both perished in the disastrous battle with the Philistines at Aphek(4:11). (See PHINEHAS.)


Compare latency for different transports
{{ compare_transport|safe }}Compare latency for different transports
{{ compare_transport_box_and_whisker|safe }}Compare CPU usage for different transports
{{ compare_transport_cpu_usage|safe }}Compare latency vs msg size for different transports
{{ compare_msg_size|safe }}Compare latency vs msg size for different number of subscribers
{{ compare_num_subs|safe }}


#include <io_ops.h>
Optional attribute setters for TFRecordReader.
Public attributes |
|
|---|---|
compression_type_ = ""
|
StringPiece
|
container_ = ""
|
StringPiece
|
shared_name_ = ""
|
StringPiece
|
Public functions |
|
|---|---|
CompressionType(StringPiece x)
|
TF_MUST_USE_RESULT Attrs
Defaults to "".
|
Container(StringPiece x)
|
TF_MUST_USE_RESULT Attrs
If non-empty, this reader is placed in the given container.
|
SharedName(StringPiece x)
|
TF_MUST_USE_RESULT Attrs
If non-empty, this reader is named in the given bucket with this shared_name.
|
StringPiece tensorflow::ops::TFRecordReader::Attrs::compression_type_ = ""
StringPiece tensorflow::ops::TFRecordReader::Attrs::container_ = ""
StringPiece tensorflow::ops::TFRecordReader::Attrs::shared_name_ = ""
TF_MUST_USE_RESULT Attrs tensorflow::ops::TFRecordReader::Attrs::CompressionType( StringPiece x )
Defaults to "".
TF_MUST_USE_RESULT Attrs tensorflow::ops::TFRecordReader::Attrs::Container( StringPiece x )
If non-empty, this reader is placed in the given container.
Otherwise, a default container is used.
Defaults to ""
TF_MUST_USE_RESULT Attrs tensorflow::ops::TFRecordReader::Attrs::SharedName( StringPiece x )
If non-empty, this reader is named in the given bucket with this shared_name.
Otherwise, the node name is used instead.
Defaults to ""


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %} Edit {{ story.title }} {% endblock %} {% block header %} Edit "{{ story.title }}" {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Are you sure you want to delete this chapter?


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Tic Tac Toe
Start Game
Player 1 Wins...
Player 2 Wins...
Noone Wins... :/
Close
Player 1
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PLAYER1's TURN
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public class DatagramSocket extends Object implements Closeable
A datagram socket is the sending or receiving point for a packet delivery service. Each packet sent or received on a datagram socket is individually addressed and routed. Multiple packets sent from one machine to another may be routed differently, and may arrive in any order.
Where possible, a newly constructed DatagramSocket
has the
SO_BROADCAST
socket option enabled so as
to allow the transmission of broadcast datagrams. In order to receive
broadcast packets a DatagramSocket should be bound to the wildcard address.
In some implementations, broadcast packets may also be received when
a DatagramSocket is bound to a more specific address.
Example:
DatagramSocket s = new DatagramSocket(null);
s.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8888));
Which is equivalent to:
DatagramSocket s = new DatagramSocket(8888);
Both cases will create a DatagramSocket able to receive broadcasts on
UDP port 8888.
DatagramPacket
,
DatagramChannel
| Modifier | Constructor and Description |
|---|---|
|
DatagramSocket()
Constructs a datagram socket and binds it to any available port
on the local host machine.
|
protected |
DatagramSocket(DatagramSocketImpl impl)
Creates an unbound datagram socket with the specified
DatagramSocketImpl.
|
|
DatagramSocket(int port)
Constructs a datagram socket and binds it to the specified port
on the local host machine.
|
|
DatagramSocket(int port,
InetAddress laddr)
Creates a datagram socket, bound to the specified local
address.
|
|
DatagramSocket(SocketAddress bindaddr)
Creates a datagram socket, bound to the specified local
socket address.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
bind(SocketAddress addr)
Binds this DatagramSocket to a specific address and port.
|
void |
close()
Closes this datagram socket.
|
void |
connect(InetAddress address,
int port)
Connects the socket to a remote address for this socket.
|
void |
connect(SocketAddress addr)
Connects this socket to a remote socket address (IP address + port number).
|
void |
disconnect()
Disconnects the socket.
|
boolean |
getBroadcast()
Tests if SO_BROADCAST is enabled.
|
DatagramChannel |
getChannel()
Returns the unique
DatagramChannel object
associated with this datagram socket, if any. |
InetAddress |
getInetAddress()
Returns the address to which this socket is connected.
|
InetAddress |
getLocalAddress()
Gets the local address to which the socket is bound.
|
int |
getLocalPort()
Returns the port number on the local host to which this socket
is bound.
|
SocketAddress |
getLocalSocketAddress()
Returns the address of the endpoint this socket is bound to.
|
int |
getPort()
Returns the port number to which this socket is connected.
|
int |
getReceiveBufferSize()
Get value of the SO_RCVBUF option for this
DatagramSocket , that is the
buffer size used by the platform for input on this DatagramSocket . |
SocketAddress |
getRemoteSocketAddress()
Returns the address of the endpoint this socket is connected to, or
null if it is unconnected. |
boolean |
getReuseAddress()
Tests if SO_REUSEADDR is enabled.
|
int |
getSendBufferSize()
Get value of the SO_SNDBUF option for this
DatagramSocket , that is the
buffer size used by the platform for output on this DatagramSocket . |
int |
getSoTimeout()
Retrieve setting for SO_TIMEOUT.
|
int |
getTrafficClass()
Gets traffic class or type-of-service in the IP datagram
header for packets sent from this DatagramSocket.
|
boolean |
isBound()
Returns the binding state of the socket.
|
boolean |
isClosed()
Returns whether the socket is closed or not.
|
boolean |
isConnected()
Returns the connection state of the socket.
|
void |
receive(DatagramPacket p)
Receives a datagram packet from this socket.
|
void |
send(DatagramPacket p)
Sends a datagram packet from this socket.
|
void |
setBroadcast(boolean on)
Enable/disable SO_BROADCAST.
|
static void |
setDatagramSocketImplFactory(DatagramSocketImplFactory fac)
Sets the datagram socket implementation factory for the
application.
|
void |
setReceiveBufferSize(int size)
Sets the SO_RCVBUF option to the specified value for this
DatagramSocket . |
void |
setReuseAddress(boolean on)
Enable/disable the SO_REUSEADDR socket option.
|
void |
setSendBufferSize(int size)
Sets the SO_SNDBUF option to the specified value for this
DatagramSocket . |
void |
setSoTimeout(int timeout)
Enable/disable SO_TIMEOUT with the specified timeout, in
milliseconds.
|
void |
setTrafficClass(int tc)
Sets traffic class or type-of-service octet in the IP
datagram header for datagrams sent from this DatagramSocket.
|
public DatagramSocket() throws SocketException
wildcard
address,
an IP address chosen by the kernel.
If there is a security manager,
its checkListen
method is first called
with 0 as its argument to ensure the operation is allowed.
This could result in a SecurityException.
SocketException
- if the socket could not be opened,
or the socket could not bind to the specified local port.SecurityException
- if a security manager exists and its
checkListen
method doesn't allow the operation.SecurityManager.checkListen(int)
protected DatagramSocket(DatagramSocketImpl impl)
impl
- an instance of a DatagramSocketImpl
the subclass wishes to use on the DatagramSocket.public DatagramSocket(SocketAddress bindaddr) throws SocketException
If, if the address is null
, creates an unbound socket.
If there is a security manager,
its checkListen
method is first called
with the port from the socket address
as its argument to ensure the operation is allowed.
This could result in a SecurityException.
bindaddr
- local socket address to bind, or null
for an unbound socket.SocketException
- if the socket could not be opened,
or the socket could not bind to the specified local port.SecurityException
- if a security manager exists and its
checkListen
method doesn't allow the operation.SecurityManager.checkListen(int)
public DatagramSocket(int port) throws SocketException
wildcard
address,
an IP address chosen by the kernel.
If there is a security manager,
its checkListen
method is first called
with the port
argument
as its argument to ensure the operation is allowed.
This could result in a SecurityException.
port
- port to use.SocketException
- if the socket could not be opened,
or the socket could not bind to the specified local port.SecurityException
- if a security manager exists and its
checkListen
method doesn't allow the operation.SecurityManager.checkListen(int)
public DatagramSocket(int port, InetAddress laddr) throws SocketException
wildcard
address,
an IP address chosen by the kernel.
If there is a security manager,
its checkListen
method is first called
with the port
argument
as its argument to ensure the operation is allowed.
This could result in a SecurityException.
port
- local port to useladdr
- local address to bindSocketException
- if the socket could not be opened,
or the socket could not bind to the specified local port.SecurityException
- if a security manager exists and its
checkListen
method doesn't allow the operation.SecurityManager.checkListen(int)
public void bind(SocketAddress addr) throws SocketException
If the address is null
, then the system will pick up
an ephemeral port and a valid local address to bind the socket.
addr
- The address and port to bind to.SocketException
- if any error happens during the bind, or if the
socket is already bound.SecurityException
- if a security manager exists and its
checkListen
method doesn't allow the operation.IllegalArgumentException
- if addr is a SocketAddress subclass
not supported by this socket.public void connect(InetAddress address, int port)
If the remote destination to which the socket is connected does not exist, or is otherwise unreachable, and if an ICMP destination unreachable packet has been received for that address, then a subsequent call to send or receive may throw a PortUnreachableException. Note, there is no guarantee that the exception will be thrown.
If a security manager has been installed then it is invoked to check
access to the remote address. Specifically, if the given address
is a multicast address
,
the security manager's checkMulticast
method is invoked with the given address
.
Otherwise, the security manager's checkConnect
and checkAccept
methods
are invoked, with the given address
and port
, to
verify that datagrams are permitted to be sent and received
respectively.
When a socket is connected, receive
and
send
will not perform any security checks
on incoming and outgoing packets, other than matching the packet's
and the socket's address and port. On a send operation, if the
packet's address is set and the packet's address and the socket's
address do not match, an IllegalArgumentException
will be
thrown. A socket connected to a multicast address may only be used
to send packets.
address
- the remote address for the socketport
- the remote port for the socket.IllegalArgumentException
- if the address is null, or the port is out of range.SecurityException
- if a security manager has been installed and it does
not permit access to the given remote addressdisconnect()
public void connect(SocketAddress addr) throws SocketException
If given an InetSocketAddress
, this method
behaves as if invoking connect(InetAddress,int)
with the the given socket addresses IP address and port number.
addr
- The remote address.SocketException
- if the connect failsIllegalArgumentException
- if addr
is null
, or addr
is a SocketAddress
subclass not supported by this socketSecurityException
- if a security manager has been installed and it does
not permit access to the given remote addresspublic void disconnect()
connect(java.net.InetAddress, int)
public boolean isBound()
If the socket was bound prior to being closed
,
then this method will continue to return true
after the socket is closed.
public boolean isConnected()
If the socket was connected prior to being closed
,
then this method will continue to return true
after the socket is closed.
public InetAddress getInetAddress()
null
if the socket is not connected.
If the socket was connected prior to being closed
,
then this method will continue to return the connected address
after the socket is closed.
public int getPort()
-1
if the socket is not connected.
If the socket was connected prior to being closed
,
then this method will continue to return the connected port number
after the socket is closed.
public SocketAddress getRemoteSocketAddress()
null
if it is unconnected.
If the socket was connected prior to being closed
,
then this method will continue to return the connected address
after the socket is closed.
SocketAddress
representing the remote
endpoint of this socket, or null
if it is
not connected yet.getInetAddress()
,
getPort()
,
connect(SocketAddress)
public SocketAddress getLocalSocketAddress()
SocketAddress
representing the local endpoint of this
socket, or null
if it is closed or not bound yet.getLocalAddress()
,
getLocalPort()
,
bind(SocketAddress)
public void send(DatagramPacket p) throws IOException
DatagramPacket
includes information indicating the
data to be sent, its length, the IP address of the remote host,
and the port number on the remote host.
If there is a security manager, and the socket is not currently
connected to a remote address, this method first performs some
security checks. First, if p.getAddress().isMulticastAddress()
is true, this method calls the
security manager's checkMulticast
method
with p.getAddress()
as its argument.
If the evaluation of that expression is false,
this method instead calls the security manager's
checkConnect
method with arguments
p.getAddress().getHostAddress()
and
p.getPort()
. Each call to a security manager method
could result in a SecurityException if the operation is not allowed.
p
- the DatagramPacket
to be sent.IOException
- if an I/O error occurs.SecurityException
- if a security manager exists and its
checkMulticast
or checkConnect
method doesn't allow the send.PortUnreachableException
- may be thrown if the socket is connected
to a currently unreachable destination. Note, there is no
guarantee that the exception will be thrown.IllegalBlockingModeException
- if this socket has an associated channel,
and the channel is in non-blocking mode.IllegalArgumentException
- if the socket is connected,
and connected address and packet address differ.DatagramPacket
,
SecurityManager.checkMulticast(InetAddress)
,
SecurityManager.checkConnect(java.lang.String, int)
public void receive(DatagramPacket p) throws IOException
DatagramPacket
's buffer is filled with
the data received. The datagram packet also contains the sender's
IP address, and the port number on the sender's machine.
This method blocks until a datagram is received. The
length
field of the datagram packet object contains
the length of the received message. If the message is longer than
the packet's length, the message is truncated.
If there is a security manager, a packet cannot be received if the
security manager's checkAccept
method
does not allow it.
p
- the DatagramPacket
into which to place
the incoming data.IOException
- if an I/O error occurs.SocketTimeoutException
- if setSoTimeout was previously called
and the timeout has expired.PortUnreachableException
- may be thrown if the socket is connected
to a currently unreachable destination. Note, there is no guarantee that the
exception will be thrown.IllegalBlockingModeException
- if this socket has an associated channel,
and the channel is in non-blocking mode.DatagramPacket
,
DatagramSocket
public InetAddress getLocalAddress()
If there is a security manager, its
checkConnect
method is first called
with the host address and -1
as its arguments to see if the operation is allowed.
null
if the socket is closed, or
an InetAddress
representing
wildcard
address if either the socket is not bound, or
the security manager checkConnect
method does not allow the operationSecurityManager.checkConnect(java.lang.String, int)
public int getLocalPort()
-1
if the socket is closed, or
0
if it is not bound yet.public void setSoTimeout(int timeout) throws SocketException
> 0
.
A timeout of zero is interpreted as an infinite timeout.timeout
- the specified timeout in milliseconds.SocketException
- if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as an UDP error.getSoTimeout()
public int getSoTimeout() throws SocketException
SocketException
- if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as an UDP error.setSoTimeout(int)
public void setSendBufferSize(int size) throws SocketException
DatagramSocket
. The SO_SNDBUF option is used by the
network implementation as a hint to size the underlying
network I/O buffers. The SO_SNDBUF setting may also be used
by the network implementation to determine the maximum size
of the packet that can be sent on this socket.
As SO_SNDBUF is a hint, applications that want to verify
what size the buffer is should call getSendBufferSize()
.
Increasing the buffer size may allow multiple outgoing packets to be queued by the network implementation when the send rate is high.
Note: If send(DatagramPacket)
is used to send a
DatagramPacket
that is larger than the setting
of SO_SNDBUF then it is implementation specific if the
packet is sent or discarded.
size
- the size to which to set the send buffer
size. This value must be greater than 0.SocketException
- if there is an error
in the underlying protocol, such as an UDP error.IllegalArgumentException
- if the value is 0 or is
negative.getSendBufferSize()
public int getSendBufferSize() throws SocketException
DatagramSocket
, that is the
buffer size used by the platform for output on this DatagramSocket
.DatagramSocket
SocketException
- if there is an error in
the underlying protocol, such as an UDP error.setSendBufferSize(int)
public void setReceiveBufferSize(int size) throws SocketException
DatagramSocket
. The SO_RCVBUF option is used by the
the network implementation as a hint to size the underlying
network I/O buffers. The SO_RCVBUF setting may also be used
by the network implementation to determine the maximum size
of the packet that can be received on this socket.
Because SO_RCVBUF is a hint, applications that want to
verify what size the buffers were set to should call
getReceiveBufferSize()
.
Increasing SO_RCVBUF may allow the network implementation
to buffer multiple packets when packets arrive faster than
are being received using receive(DatagramPacket)
.
Note: It is implementation specific if a packet larger than SO_RCVBUF can be received.
size
- the size to which to set the receive buffer
size. This value must be greater than 0.SocketException
- if there is an error in
the underlying protocol, such as an UDP error.IllegalArgumentException
- if the value is 0 or is
negative.getReceiveBufferSize()
public int getReceiveBufferSize() throws SocketException
DatagramSocket
, that is the
buffer size used by the platform for input on this DatagramSocket
.DatagramSocket
SocketException
- if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as an UDP error.setReceiveBufferSize(int)
public void setReuseAddress(boolean on) throws SocketException
For UDP sockets it may be necessary to bind more than one
socket to the same socket address. This is typically for the
purpose of receiving multicast packets
(See MulticastSocket
). The
SO_REUSEADDR
socket option allows multiple
sockets to be bound to the same socket address if the
SO_REUSEADDR
socket option is enabled prior
to binding the socket using bind(SocketAddress)
.
Note: This functionality is not supported by all existing platforms,
so it is implementation specific whether this option will be ignored
or not. However, if it is not supported then
getReuseAddress()
will always return false
.
When a DatagramSocket
is created the initial setting
of SO_REUSEADDR
is disabled.
The behaviour when SO_REUSEADDR
is enabled or
disabled after a socket is bound (See isBound()
)
is not defined.
on
- whether to enable or disable theSocketException
- if an error occurs enabling or
disabling the SO_RESUEADDR
socket option,
or the socket is closed.getReuseAddress()
,
bind(SocketAddress)
,
isBound()
,
isClosed()
public boolean getReuseAddress() throws SocketException
boolean
indicating whether or not SO_REUSEADDR is enabled.SocketException
- if there is an error
in the underlying protocol, such as an UDP error.setReuseAddress(boolean)
public void setBroadcast(boolean on) throws SocketException
Some operating systems may require that the Java virtual machine be started with implementation specific privileges to enable this option or send broadcast datagrams.
on
- whether or not to have broadcast turned on.SocketException
- if there is an error in the underlying protocol, such as an UDP
error.getBroadcast()
public boolean getBroadcast() throws SocketException
boolean
indicating whether or not SO_BROADCAST is enabled.SocketException
- if there is an error
in the underlying protocol, such as an UDP error.setBroadcast(boolean)
public void setTrafficClass(int tc) throws SocketException
The tc must be in the range 0 <= tc <=
255
or an IllegalArgumentException will be thrown.
Notes:
For Internet Protocol v4 the value consists of an
integer
, the least significant 8 bits of which
represent the value of the TOS octet in IP packets sent by
the socket.
RFC 1349 defines the TOS values as follows:
IPTOS_LOWCOST (0x02)
IPTOS_RELIABILITY (0x04)
IPTOS_THROUGHPUT (0x08)
IPTOS_LOWDELAY (0x10)
Setting bits in the precedence field may result in a SocketException indicating that the operation is not permitted.
for Internet Protocol v6 tc
is the value that
would be placed into the sin6_flowinfo field of the IP header.
tc
- an int
value for the bitset.SocketException
- if there is an error setting the
traffic class or type-of-servicegetTrafficClass()
public int getTrafficClass() throws SocketException
As the underlying network implementation may ignore the
traffic class or type-of-service set using setTrafficClass(int)
this method may return a different value than was previously
set using the setTrafficClass(int)
method on this
DatagramSocket.
SocketException
- if there is an error obtaining the
traffic class or type-of-service value.setTrafficClass(int)
public void close()
Any thread currently blocked in receive(java.net.DatagramPacket)
upon this socket
will throw a SocketException
.
If this socket has an associated channel then the channel is closed as well.
close
in interface Closeable
close
in interface AutoCloseable
public boolean isClosed()
public DatagramChannel getChannel()
DatagramChannel
object
associated with this datagram socket, if any.
A datagram socket will have a channel if, and only if, the channel
itself was created via the DatagramChannel.open
method.
null
if this socket was not created for a channelpublic static void setDatagramSocketImplFactory(DatagramSocketImplFactory fac) throws IOException
When an application creates a new datagram socket, the socket
implementation factory's createDatagramSocketImpl
method is
called to create the actual datagram socket implementation.
Passing null
to the method is a no-op unless the factory
was already set.
If there is a security manager, this method first calls
the security manager's checkSetFactory
method
to ensure the operation is allowed.
This could result in a SecurityException.
fac
- the desired factory.IOException
- if an I/O error occurs when setting the
datagram socket factory.SocketException
- if the factory is already defined.SecurityException
- if a security manager exists and its
checkSetFactory
method doesn't allow the
operation.DatagramSocketImplFactory.createDatagramSocketImpl()
,
SecurityManager.checkSetFactory()
Dracula Javadoc Sample, Made with Allan Im.


--- layout: post title: Office move date: 2004-10-08 00:00:00 category: personal ---
Telephones moved upstairs: check.
Bandwidth switched off in current office: check.
Dirty great cable running out of upstairs window into current office: check.

Ikea delivery turning up between 5 and 9: check.
Sunday booked out to shift everything upstairs and get settled: check.