8.2 Example 17.1: Beta-Binomial Model — “Data is singular”
8.2.1 Load the data
The data could be loaded from a file, or specified via sufficient summary statistics. Here we’ll just load the summary statistics and in later examples we’ll show how to load individual values.
8.2.2 Specify the model: likelihood and prior
A JAGS model specification starts with model
. The model provides a textual description of likelihood and prior. This text string will then be passed to JAGS for translation.
Recall that for the Beta-Binomial model, the prior distribution is \(\theta\sim\text{Beta}(\alpha, \beta)\) and the likelihood for the total number of successes \(Y\) in a sample of size \(n\) corresponds to \((Y|\theta)\sim \text{Binom}(n, \theta)\). Notice how the following text reflects the model (prior & likelihood).
Note: JAGS syntax is similar to, but not the same, as R syntax. For example, compare dbinom(y, n, theta)
in R versus y ~ dbinom(theta, n)
in JAGS. See the JAGS user manual for more details. You can use comments with # in JAGS models, similar to R.
8.2.3 Compile in JAGS
We pass the model (which is just a text string) and the data to JAGS to be compiled via jags.model
. The model is defined by the text string via the textConnection
function. The model can also be saved in a separate file, with the file name being passed to JAGS. The data is passed to JAGS in a list. In dataList
below y=y, n=n
maps the data defined by y=22, n=25
to the terms y, n
specified in the model_string
.
## Compiling model graph
## Resolving undeclared variables
## Allocating nodes
## Graph information:
## Observed stochastic nodes: 1
## Unobserved stochastic nodes: 1
## Total graph size: 5
##
## Initializing model
8.2.4 Simulate values from the posterior distribution
Simulating values in JAGS is completed in essentially two steps. The update
command runs the simulation for a “burn-in” period. The update
function merely “warms-up” the chains, and the values sampled during the update phase are not recorded. (We will discuss “burn-in” in slightly more detail next week.)
After the update phase, we simulate values from the posterior distribution that we’ll actually keep using coda.samples
. Using coda.samples
arranges the output in a format conducive to using coda
, a package which contains helpful functions for summarizing and diagnosing MCMC simulations. The variables to record simulated values for are specified with the variable.names
argument. Here there is only a single parameter theta, but a later example illustrates a multi-parameter example.
8.2.5 Summarizing simulated values and diagnostic checking
Standard R functions like summary
and plot
can be used to summarize results from coda.samples
. We can summarize the simulated values of theta to approximate the posterior distribution.
##
## Iterations = 2001:12000
## Thinning interval = 1
## Number of chains = 1
## Sample size per chain = 10000
##
## 1. Empirical mean and standard deviation for each variable,
## plus standard error of the mean:
##
## Mean SD Naive SE Time-series SE
## 0.8336014 0.0564828 0.0005648 0.0007378
##
## 2. Quantiles for each variable:
##
## 2.5% 25% 50% 75% 97.5%
## 0.7079 0.7994 0.8396 0.8741 0.9276
The Doing Bayesian Data Analysis (DBDA2E) textbook package also has some nice functions built in, in particular in the DBD2AE-utilities.R
file.
For example, the plotPost
functions creates an annotated plot of the posterior distribution along with some summary statistics. (See the DBDA2E documentation for additional arguments.)
##
## *********************************************************************
## Kruschke, J. K. (2015). Doing Bayesian Data Analysis, Second Edition:
## A Tutorial with R, JAGS, and Stan. Academic Press / Elsevier.
## *********************************************************************
##
## Attaching package: 'runjags'
## The following object is masked from 'package:tidyr':
##
## extract
## ESS mean median mode hdiMass hdiLow hdiHigh
## Param. Val. 5861.153 0.8336014 0.8395815 0.856098 0.95 0.7221655 0.9381524
## compVal pGtCompVal ROPElow ROPEhigh pLtROPE pInROPE pGtROPE
## Param. Val. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
The bayesplot
package also provides lots of nice plotting functionality.
## Warning: package 'bayesplot' was built under R version 4.0.3
## This is bayesplot version 1.8.0
## - Online documentation and vignettes at mc-stan.org/bayesplot
## - bayesplot theme set to bayesplot::theme_default()
## * Does _not_ affect other ggplot2 plots
## * See ?bayesplot_theme_set for details on theme setting
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
8.2.6 Posterior prediction
The output from coda.samples
is stored as an mcmc.list format. The simulated values of the variables identified in the variable.names
argument can be extracted as a matrix (or array) and then manipulated as usual R objects.
The matrix would have one column for each variable named in variable.names
; in this case, there is only one column corresponding to the simulated values of theta.
We can now use the simulated values of theta to simulate replicated samples to approximate the posterior predictive distribution. To be clear, the code below is running R commands within R (not JAGS).
(There is a way to simulate predictive values within JAGS itself, but I think it’s more straightforward in R. Just use JAGS to get a simulated sample from the posterior distribution. On the other hand, if you’re using Stan there are functions for simulating and summarizing posterior predicted values.)
8.2.7 Loading data as individual values rather than summary statistics
Instead of the total count (modeled by a Binomial likelihood), the individual data values (1/0 = S/F) can be provided, which could be modeled by a Bernoulli (i.e. Binomial(trials=1)) likelihood. That is, \((Y_1, \ldots, Y_n|\theta)\sim\) i.i.d. Bernoulli(\(\theta\)), rather than \((Y|\theta)\sim\text{Binom}(n, \theta)\). The vector y below represents the data in this format. Notice how the likelihood in the model specification changes in response; the n observations are specified via a for
loop.
8.2.8 Simulating multiple chains
The Bernoulli model can be passed to JAGS similar to the Binomial model above. Below, we have also introduced the n.chains
argument, which simulates multiple chains and allows for some additional diagnostic checks. Simulating multiple chains helps assess convergence of the MC to the target distribution. (We’ll discuss a few more details next week.) Initial values for the chains can be provided in a list with the inits
argument; otherwise initial values are generated automatically.
# Compile the model
dataList = list(y=y, n=n)
model <- jags.model(textConnection(model_string),
data=dataList,
n.chains=5)
## Compiling model graph
## Resolving undeclared variables
## Allocating nodes
## Graph information:
## Observed stochastic nodes: 25
## Unobserved stochastic nodes: 1
## Total graph size: 29
##
## Initializing model
# Simulate
update(model, 1000, progress.bar="none")
Nrep = 10000
posterior_sample <- coda.samples(model,
variable.names=c("theta"),
n.iter=Nrep, progress.bar="none")
# Summarize and check diagnostics
summary(posterior_sample)
##
## Iterations = 1001:11000
## Thinning interval = 1
## Number of chains = 5
## Sample size per chain = 10000
##
## 1. Empirical mean and standard deviation for each variable,
## plus standard error of the mean:
##
## Mean SD Naive SE Time-series SE
## 0.8330983 0.0569430 0.0002547 0.0002545
##
## 2. Quantiles for each variable:
##
## 2.5% 25% 50% 75% 97.5%
## 0.7090 0.7970 0.8382 0.8746 0.9286
If multiple chains are simulated, the DBDA2E function diagMCMC
can be used for diagnostics.
Note: Some of the DBDA2E output, in particular from diagMCMC
, isn’t always displayed when the RMarkdown file is knit. You might need to manually run these cells within RStudio. I’m not sure why; please let me know if you figure it out.
## ESS mean median mode hdiMass hdiLow hdiHigh
## Param. Val. 50000 0.8330983 0.8381741 0.8422727 0.95 0.7191407 0.9348052
## compVal pGtCompVal ROPElow ROPEhigh pLtROPE pInROPE pGtROPE
## Param. Val. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA


"The glaze of pottery comes from our land"
We personally collect the soil unique to Tainan, dry it and decompose it and add it to the glaze. Instead of iron, make our own celadon glaze.
We hope that we can use natural resources to combine pottery to make more meaningful works.
Read More


Kaytranada Shares "10%" With Kali Uchis, Announces New Album Out Friday
His sophomore album, "BUBBA", arrives this Friday!
by Noah C10%
Kaytranada Feat. Kali Uchis
Editor Rating: VERY HOTTTTT
User Rating: n/a - 0% (0)
Montreal producer, Kaytranada, has one of the most distinct sounds in music: rubber-thick basslines, sun-soaked synths and perfectly-placed percussion. The attempts of countless people to mimic his blueprint sent him down paths of reinvention, proving he could switch it up if he pleases. However, today, he returned with a song that bursts with that classic Kaytra bounce.
"10%" features Kali Uchis, who has previously collaborated with the producer on her 2015 song "Rush". The song serves as the first single off BUBBA, Kaytra's sophomore project that was surprise-announced today and will arrive this Friday (Dec. 13). Like his critically-acclaimed debut, 99.9%, his new album boasts a wonderful selection of guests. BUBBA will feature GoldLink, Tinashe, Mick Jenkins, Pharrell Williams, Teedra Moses and many more. Peep the tracklist below and go dance to "10%".
Quotable Lyrics
I wake up, it's so good to be me
In the mirror, it's good to see me
I don't check for these other bitches
You could ask God, cause that's my witness
BUBBA Tracklist
1. DO IT
2. The Music feat. Iman Omari
3. Go DJ feat. SiR
4. Gray Area feat. Mick Jenkins
5. Puff Lah
6. 10% feat. Kali Uchis
7. Need It feat. Masego
8. Taste feat. VanJess
9. Oh No feat. Estelle
10. What You Need feat. Charlotte Day Wilson
11. Vex Oh feat. GoldLink, Eight9fly, & Ari PenSmith
12. Scared To Death
13. Freefall feat. Durand Bernarr
14. Culture feat. Teedra Moses
15. The Worst In Me feat. Tinashe
16. September 21
17. Midsection feat. Pharrell Williams


Improving Clinical Named Entity Recognition models and Building Scalable Data Processing pipeline on AWS Stack.
Dec 2017 - Current✦ Built algorithms to extract multiple features from unstructured medical text - section headers, dates and temporal expressions
✦ Assisted in developing Content-based recommendation engine for video streaming platform.
Janwaar Castle is India’s First Rural Skateboarding Park in Janwaar, Madhya Pradesh. I help kids by repairing skateboards, install educational apps in the crowd-funded tablets for interactive learning, supporting them in their needs when they come to a city. And looking forward to contributing to Rural Maker Space.
July 2015 - CurrentExploratory Data Analysis on client's data, Data visualisation using D3.js and honed skills in Full-Stack Web development.
August 2015 - March 2016IODA's journey started in Kumbhathon 5 with an idea to produce cost-effective & scalable devices which could assess the air quality during Kumbh Mela & make this environmental data open for public use. I contributed by doing Hardware setup and the firmware design of the environment monitoring devices.
June 2015 - November 2015 Kumbhathon is a buildathon conducted by MIT Media Lab, USA to expose the city’s pressing issues and generate meaningful solutions. I was part of Kumbhathon 4,5,6 where I worked on two projects:
1. Crowd Management through mobile subscription pings during Kumbh Mela
2. OpenEnvironment Project
With inclination towards Robotics, I used to tinker with Arduino and AVR microcontrollers projects. Soon, I had an epiphany to focus on Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning.
2011 - 2015


Increase productivity with a simple to-do app. app for
managing your personal budgets.
Increase productivity with a simple to-do app. app for managing your personal budgets.

The rise of mobile devices transforms the way we consume information entirely and the world's most elevant channels such as Facebook.

The rise of mobile devices transforms the way we consume information entirely and the world's most elevant channels such as Facebook.
The rise of mobile devices transforms the way we consume information entirely
and the world's most elevant channels such as Facebook.

The rise of mobile devices transforms the way we
consume information entirely.

The rise of mobile devices transforms the way we consume information entirely
and the world's most elevant channels such as Facebook.
The rise of mobile devices transforms the way we consume information entirely and the world's most elevant channels such as Facebook.


Introduction
Path.ux follows a strict model/view/controller paradigm. The application state is the model, path.ux is the (or a) view, and the controller is the means by which path.ux queries the model. In addition, there are two layers of controllers: the first, Context, is a simple (and application-defined) API to access the application state, while the second is small scripting language akin to Angle's data bindings and builds on the first.
For example, you might see code like this:
function makePanel(layout) {
layout.useIcons();
layout.prop("view3d.selectmode");
layout.tool("view3d.select_all()");
}
"View3d.selectmode" is a data path. It's akin to an object path or Angle's data bindings. "View3d.select_all()" is a tool path, which is a bit different.
Note that path.ux mostly makes use of the data path controller. It does pass around a (client-provided) Context instance, which is required to have the following properties:
- api : a ModelInterface class (typically a DataAPI instance)
- screen : The current screen, a Screen instance (or subclass of)
- toolstack : The tool stack, see ToolStack
Path.ux allows different controller implementations (though they must all pass type information via the classes in toolprop.js). The included implementation can be found in "simple_controller.js", and the abstract interface in "controller.js".
Setting Pathux API prefix
To avoid conflicting with other custom HTML elements, you can add a prefix to pathux element tag names. To do so, add a script tag like so:
<script type="text-plain" id="pathux-tag-prefix">desired-prefix-</script>
History
Path.ux is roughly based on Blender's architecture.
The Blender 2.5 project refactored the internal architecture into a rough MVC pattern. The model is the core code, the view is the UI, and the controller is the glue between them.
The controller is called "RNA" and it uses the concept of object paths. So if you have an object, you could look up type information (and the value of) a property with a simple path, e.g. "object.subobject.some_property". Blender uses RNA for its user interface, its python api and its animation system (you can associate object paths with animation curves).
Internally the controller has a special wrapper API for blender's c-struct-based pseudo-objects. This works extremely well as it keeps type information that's only used by the UI out of the model codebase (e.g. the model might not care that a specific color should be clamped to 0-2 instead of 0-1). Even better, the object model presented by the controller need not match the internal data structures.
Since the controller provides type info to the UI a lot of messy boilerplate is avoided, leading to very consise layout code:
def panel(layout, context):
row = layout.row
row.prop(context.object, "some_object_property")
row.tool("mesh.subdivide")


--- layout: post authors: ["Greg Wilson"] title: "Conversations About Teaching" date: 2014-08-18 time: "12:00:00" tags: ["Teaching", "Community"] archives: ---
Over the last few days, there have been four related discussion threads on the Software Carpentry mailing lists about what we use, what we teach, and how we teach it. Together, they highlight what we're doing well and where we need to do better.
Stuart Rossiter did a great job of summarizing the first two of those (with some later follow-up):
There was discussion on:
- IDE vs. IPython Notebook vs. command-line/text editor for Python teaching
- IPython Notebook vs. Markdown for lecture notes (specifically for Python teaching but by implication could extend to teaching other topics)
- Tools themselves causing disruptive cognitive loads, related to whether how they work hides (or merges) too many "fundamental" concepts/levels, and the ever-present issue of how this relates to learner backgrounds (and how/whether you can tailor things for an audience, including how one could assess this empirically)
Notice that 1 is really a specific example of 3, i.e., what tool gets the best balance of power/familiarity/understanding fundamentals? However, it's interesting that all the responses (I think) to 1 were actually about what IDE worked best, and not about the types of tool.
2 is in many ways a flavour of 3, but where the learners/users are the SWC contributors. As such, people's backgrounds and the use cases for the tools obviously mean that things like diff handling become important (but, interestingly, most of the discussion was really about familiarity because that's the main barrier-to-entry).
1 and 2 also implicitly bring up the discussion as to whether we teach one consistent toolset. Here, there is a tension between SWC students getting mastery of a well defined tool and concept-set versus them understanding the landscape of tools and concepts.
This highlights three related tensions in many kinds of teaching (not just Software Carpentry):
Our lessons try to strike a balance between the practical and the conceptual by advertising the first and smuggling in the second. For example, our introduction to the Unix shell only covers 15 commands in three hours. Along the way, though, it shows people how a filesystem is organized, how to get the computer to repeat things so that they don't have to, and (hopefully) why lots of small single-purpose tools that work well together are better than one large tool that tries to do everything. Similarly, the real goal of our introduction to Python isn't really to teach people the syntax of Python: it's to convince them that they ought to write short, readable, testable, reusable functions, and that those are actually all the same thing.
Stuart goes on to ask whether the Software Carpentry brand consists of "just" our topics and teaching style, or is tied to the specific tools we use. I want to say it's the former, but in practice, you can't teach programming without picking a language and an editor. Since we don't have the resources to build and maintain lessons covering all combinations of all possibilities, we have to make choices, which effectively means we're advocating some things over others.
Meawhile, Tim McNamara re-raises the perennial question of assessment:
There seems to be be many statements that follow this format: "in my experience, X is better for learners". The problem is that for each X, not-X is also strongly supported. The key points for me is that we're making inferences about outcomes (e.g., learner growth/satisfaction) on the basis of anecdotal evidence (personal experience).
It strikes me that Software Carpentry is in a unique position to actually test and validate which tools work best. We run many bootcamps, have people who know experimental design and have increasingly strong tooling to support to enable experiments.
I couldn't agree more, but as Titus Brown said in reply:
we have had a hard time getting the necessary funding to do good assessments for Software Carpentry. I think we need to support someone trained, focused, and willing to engage long term (~2+ years) with this as their primary project.
We've learned the hard way that assessing the impact of the various things we're doing is neither easy nor cheap. We don't know how to measure the productivity of programmers, or the productivity of scientists, and the unknowns don't cancel out when you put the two together. Jory Schossau has done valuable service by analyzing survey data and interviewing bootcamp participants (see this pre-print for results to date), but if we want to get the right answer, we're going to have to find a backer.
As this discussion was going on, Ethan White tweeted:
Next time you think about getting involved in a debate about programming languages or text editors, go build something cool instead.
I think this thread shows that there's a useful third path. In it, a dozen instructors who have been teaching R compare notes about what they're doing and how it's working. I really enjoyed the exchange of specifics, and I think that more discussions like this will do a lot to strengthen our instructor community.
To wrap up, here are my take-aways from this past week:
We've come a long way since our first workshop at Los Alamos sixteen years ago—if all goes well, we'll reach our ten thousandth learner some time in the next twelve months—but we've still got a lot to learn. We'd welcome your suggestions about what to try next.


new Sampler($container)
Simple utility used to trigger sounds. The $container object can be any element which contains
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
$container |
jQuery | Bundle of audio elements used to trigger sounds. |
- Source:
Methods
-
playRandom()
-
Plays a random sound, selected from the list of supplied
elements. - Source:


--- layout: page title: Translation Import API method: TranslationImport redirect_from: "https://docs.smartling.com/display/docs/Translation+Imports" ---
The Import API allows you to import existing translated content by matching keys from an original source file to keys in the translated file (10 MB limit).
If you select the overwrite option, Smartling will overwrite any translation that is already in Smartling, with the translation in the file being imported from.
Any Smartling directives in the original source file (for example, placeholders) must also appear in the translated file.
The Import API uses the following URL: https://api.smartling.com/v1/file/import and is a HTTP POST, multipart/form-data type.
You cannot import translations unless there are source strings in the Smartling Dashboard to match those translations to. You must upload your source file first, then import your translations. Smartling matches translated strings with source strings that share the same key, so you can only import translations for files that use key/value pairs.
The Import API sets successful string translation imports to the workflow state specified and creates a translation memory entry.
{% assign FAPIMethods = site.data.MiscAPIMethods %} {% for FAPIMethod in FAPIMethods %} {% if FAPIMethod.Method == 'TranslationImport' %}{{FAPIMethod.Intro}}
Original English file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<resources>
<string name="string_1">Hello</string>
<string name="string_2">Goodbye</string>
</resources>
Spanish translation file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<resources>
<string name="string_1">Hola</string>
<string name="string_2">Adios</string>
</resources>
The import file included a key that does not exist in the original source file, so Smartling couldn't match it to an original string.
If the number of placeholders in your translation for a string does not match the number of placeholders in the original source string, Smartling won’t set the string to the “published” workflow state. Smartling sets the imported translation to the “In Translation” workflow state for the appropriate locale in the Smartling dashboard at Content > In Translation and creates an unresolved issue for the string credited to the API user with the comment: "Placeholders mismatch for the translation import". Smartling will not create a Translation Memory entity for strings that fail to import to the “Published” workflow state.
Authorized users can use the Smartling Dashboard and Translation Interface (TI) to edit the translation, make corrections, and resolve the issue. The Smartling TI requires that you provide the appropriate number of placeholders (there is an exception to the placeholder requirement for translation of Plural strings.)


Java API for XML Processing Release Notes
Specification Version: 1.3
Reference Implementation (RI) Version: 1.3.0
This document contains installation instructions and other notes
that may help you use this software library more effectively. See
also the JAXP
FAQ for more information.
Note:
If you are reading this page online, this is the most current
version of the release notes. If this page was downloaded as part
of the release bundle, please see the JAXP Documentation
page for the most current version of the release notes.
Contents
Component Versions
These versions of the relevant technologies have been incorporated
into the reference implementation.
- Xerces version 2.6.2 + (Xerces version 2.6.2 with
controlled bug fixes)
- XSLTC version 2.6.0 + (XSLTC version 2.6.0 , with
controlled bug fixes, based on the Xalan 2.6.0 release)
This release is contained in six JAR files:
- jaxp-api.jar
- The javax.xml.parsers, javax.xml.transform,
javax.xml.xpath
,
javax.xml.validation
, javax.xml.datatype
,
and javax.xml.namespace
components of JAXP. These
packages contain the APIs that give applications a consistent way
to obtain instances of XML processing implementations. The
javax.xml.xpath
package supports the standard XPath
API.
- sax.jar
- The APIs and helper classes for the Simple API for XML (SAX),
used for serial access to XML data. The APIs support SAX
version 2.0.2.
- dom.jar
- The APIs and helper classes for the Document Object Model
(DOM), used to create an in-memory tree structure from the XML
data. The APIs support DOM Level 3.
- xercesImpl.jar
- The implementation classes for the SAX and DOM parsers, as well
as Xerces-specific implementations of the JAXP APIs..
-
- xalan.jar
- Contains XSLTC the compiling XSLT processor from the Xalan
project.
The information in this section pertains to the Xerces
technology. The latest updates can be found at https://jaxp.java.net. For
information on known bugs and recent fixes in the latest Apache
version, see http://xml.apache.org/xerces2-j/releases.html.
Known
Schema Processing Limitations
This section discusses known schema processing bugs,
limitations, and implementation-dependent operations.
Limitations
These limitations specify known upper bounds on values.
- Length, minLength, and maxLength facets are limited to the
value<PHONE_NUMBER>.
Items larger than this limit will not be validated correctly.
- Year and seconds values in date/time datatypes are limited to
the value<PHONE_NUMBER>.
Items larger than this limit will not be validated correctly.
Implementation-Dependent Operations
This implementation-dependent operation is not fully clarified by
the W3C XML Schema specification (http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema).
As a result, differing implementations exist.
- The JAXP 1.2 reference implementation parser (Xerces 2.0.1),
<keyref> Identity Constraints refers to
<key> or <unique> identity
constraints within the scope of the elements to which the
<keyref> is attached, as defined in the XML Schema
Part 1: Structures. (The introductory section of XML Schema, on the
other hand, (XML Schema Part 0: Primer) contains an example with a
<keyref> declared on an element used inside the
element of its corresponding <key>. The discrepancy
is noted here in an effort to avoid confusion.)
Known Migration
Issues
This section covers known issues that arise when migrating from
earlier versions of JAXP.
Migrating
from JAXP 1.2
JAXP 1.2 is built into JWSDP and J2EE 1.4. These sections of the
Compatibility Guide cover the relevant migration issues:
Migrating
from JAXP 1.1
JAXP 1.1 is built into J2EE 1.3 and Java SE 1.4. For differences in
functionality from JAXP 1.1, see the JAXP Compatibility Guide.
DOM Level 3 Implementation Notes
This section contains implementation notes for DOM Level 3 Core
and DOM Level 3 Load and Save.
DOM Level 3 Core
Not implemented:
- DOMConfiguration "infoset" parameter - value "true" is not
supported.
Supported parameters:
- error-handler [ DOMErrorHandler ]
- resource-resolver [ DOMResourceResolver ]
- schema-type [ String ]
- schema-location [ String ]
- canonical-form [ false ]
- cdata-sections [ true/false ]
- comments [ true/false ]
- namespaces [ true/false ]
- entities [ true/false ]
- infoset [ false ]
- namespace-declarations [ true ]
- normalize-characters [ false ]
- split-cdata-sections [ true/false ]
- validate-if-schema [ true/false ]
- whitespace-in-element-content [ true ]
- datatype-normalization [ true/false ]
- validate [ true/false ] -- revalidation is supported
only against XML Schemas. For more information, please refer to
How to
revalidate DOM in memory? .
- validate-if-schema [ true/false ]
- check-character-normalization [ false ]
- well-formed [ true/false ]
- psvi [ true/false ] -- (NON-DOM) setting the value of
this parameter to true will include PSVI information in the DOM
tree. To access the information, cast dom.Element to
org.apache.xerces.xs.ElementPSVI and dom.Attr to
org.apache.xerces.xs.AttributePSVI.
DOM Level 3 Load and Save
Not supported:
- LSParser
parserWithContext
- DOMImplementationLS
MODE_ASYNCHRONOUS
- LSSerializer - the following parameters are not supported:
-
- ignore-unknown-character-denormalizations [ true
]
- normalize-characters [ true ]
- well-formed [ true ]
The
Compiling XSLT Processor (XSLTC)
The XSLTC transformer generates a transformation engine, or
translet, from an XSL stylesheet. This approach separates
the interpretation of stylesheet instructions from their runtime
application to XML data.
XSLTC works by compiling a stylesheet into Java byte code
(translets), which can then be used to perform XSLT
transformations. This approach greatly improves the performance of
XSLT transformations where a given stylesheet is compiled once and
used many times. It also generates an extremely lightweight
translet, because only the XSLT instructions that are actually used
by the stylesheet are included.
Note:
XSLT is supported by the JAXP transform package. See
javax.xml.transform
for details on accessing basic
XSLT functionality in an implementation-independent manner.
Custom Class Loader Issue
A problem can occur when using a custom class loader with a
transformation factory.
Transformation factories in JAXP always prefer the use of the
"context class loader" to the use of the "system class loader".
Thus, if an application uses a custom class loader, it may need to
set the custom class loader as the context class loader for
transformation factory to use it. Setting a custom class loader on
the current thread can be done as follows:
try {
Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
currentThread.setContextClassLoader(customClassLoader);
}
catch (SecurityException e) {
// ...
}
If the application is multi-threaded, the custom class loader
may need to be set in all threads (every time a new thread is
created). A security exception is thrown if an application does not
have permission to set the context class loader.
JWSDP
Security Considerations
When an application is running on a web server, such as the Java
Web Services Developer Pack (JWSDP), with security enabled, the
following permissions must be set:
permission java.io.FilePermission
"/${webserver.home}/common/endorsed/xercesImpl.jar", "read";
permission java.io.FilePermission
"/${webserver.home}/common/endorsed/xalan.jar", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission
"javax.xml.parser.SAXParserFactory", "read, write";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission
"javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory", "read, write";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "user.dir", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "file.separator", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "line.separator", "read";
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "JavaClass.debug", "read";
permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "createClassLoader";
permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "accessDeclaredMembers";
Note:
If read permission is not set for xercesImpl.jar, a
FactoryConfigurationError is thrown that says:
Provider
org.apache.xerces.jaxp.SAXParserFactoryImpl not found
Changes in JAXP RI
version 1.3
- Xerces version changed from 2.3.0 to 2.6.2 (+ controlled
bug fixes).
- The two XSL transformation engines available in the standalone
version of JAXP 1.3 are Xalan interpretive and XSLTC (based on
Xalan 2.6.0 (+ controlled bugfixes)). The JAXP 1.3 version
included in Java SE 5 includes only the XSLTC transformer (based
on Xalan 2.6.0 (+ controlled bug fixes)).
- New features and functionality added, as described in the
What's New section of
the Compatibility Guide.
- A denial of service vulnerability was rectified by adding the
system property elementAttributeLimit,
which can be used to limit the number of attributes in a element.
The default limit is 10,000 attributes for an element.
Changes in
JAXP RI version 1.2.4
- Fix for a Java SE 1.4.2 compilation bug in Xerces.
Changes in JAXP RI version
1.2.3
- Xerces version changed from 2.2.1 to 2.3.0 (+ controlled bug
fixes). This version Includes many bug fixes.
- All Decimal value that should be invalid according to the
Schema specification are now found by the parser (removing a 1.2.2
limitation).
- Solved the problem of Xerces compilation under JDK 1.4.1.
- XML Schema loading performance improved dramatically (virtually
cut in half).
Changes in JAXP RI version
1.2.2
- New properties were implemented for increased security, as
described in the Security Issue
section.
- Parser implementation changed from Xerces 2.0.1_04 to Xerces
2.2.1 with controlled bug fixes.
- XSLT processor imlpementation changed from Xalan 2.3.1_01 to
Xalan 2.4.1 with controlled bug fixes..
- XSLTC is included in this release.
Changes in JAXP Ri version
1.2.1
Performance of Xerces parser improved significantly.
XSLTC was not included as part of this release, which was
destined solely for the J2EE platform.
Changes in JAXP RI version
1.2.0-FCS
The parser implementation changed from Xerces 2.0.0_01 to Xerces-J
2.0.1_01
(Xerces 2.0.1 final with controlled bug fixes). The Xalan XSLT
processor
implementation was updated to xalan-j 2.3.1_01 (Xalan version 2.3.1
with
controlled bug fixes).
Finally, this release fully supports the proposed 1.2 JAXP
specification,
which implements document validation using W3C XML Schema.
Changes In JAXP RI version
1.2.0-EA2
The parser implementation changed from Xerces 2.0.0 beta3 to
Xerces-J 2.0.0_01 (Xerces 2.0.0 final with controlled bug fixes).
The Xalan XSLT processor implementation was updated to xalan-j
2.3.0_01 (Xalan version 2.3.0 with controlled bug fixes).
The Xalan XSLTC processor was also added in this release. (It is
used to compile a stylesheet into a transformation engine
(translet) that is ready to run.)
This release fully supports the proposed 1.2 JAXP specification,
which implements document validation using W3C XML Schema.
Changes in JAXP RI version
1.2.0-EA1
The parser implementation changed from Apache Crimson to Xerces 2
version 2.0.0 beta3. The XSLT processor implementation was updated
to Xalan classic version 2.2.D14.
The parser supports W3C XML Schema but does not support all
aspects of the proposed JAXP 1.2 specification. In particular, the
ability to enforce that an instance document conforms to a
particular schema has not been implemented. However, the validation
portions of the specification can be used along with schema hints
in the instance document.


Please provide a purse
Account:
Please provide an item for sale
Item:
Create payment purse
Create
Purchase from item
Purchase
Destroy payment purse
Destroy


Welcome to Defaulter Transaero!
Find flights
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Clothing
We see a large variety of men's, women's, and children's clothes in our store at all times.
Furniture
Thanks to our local families, The Mercy Warehouse has great furniture pieces for discounted pricing.
Electronics
Power cords? Vintage appliances? Lamps? Check! Our electronics section is filled with ready to plug in items.


You are invited to celebrate our wedding
M.S. Electrical Engineering, San José State University, California.
Son of Mrs. Pradnya & Mr. Arun Kulkarni
Aurangabad
M.Tech. Biotechnology, DPU Pune
Daughter of Mrs. Suvarna & Dr. Ulhas Manjaramkar
Nanded
Please help us with the information below. Thanks.


For a while now i wanted to be able to do more precise work on the lathe. From accurate diameters to setting stops to well... runout. The simplest way to achieve better runout without too much tooling would be a 4 jaw chuck in my case, but I'm too lazy to indicate everything in. My lathe has a Morse Taper 3 in the spindle which allows for using MT3 Collets. No indicating and no worries about marking the surface with the jaws. Only for small stuff though. Now i was lacking a drawbar for these collets.
There are good offers online at very low prices but i wanted something
made from a single piece and with a through-bore, to fit small round stock
without having to cut it to length beforehand. The part being a single piece is
an advantage since there is nothing that can be lost or disassembled in a drawer
somewhere.
The commercial Product is advertised as hardened which is something i cant
achieve in my workshop. I also made mine from Aluminum which is weaker,
and the throughbore weakens the part even more.
But making something yourself
is more fun even if the result is worse in the end. I may need to re-make this
part from steel if the thread strips or something else fails.
The thread turned out crooked since i threaded by hand, and M12 is quite a beast
to thread by hand with these smaller hand tools. Also should have waited with
drilling partway through the part until after the threading.
The rotary table setup was very sketchy. It could have been done
with the rotary table on its side and the part supported by something else.
That setup caused many problems because of the stickout.
I will see if this part turns out useful. Have not used it yet.


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Anony Mouse
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Lorem ipsum


VALENTINA PROGRAM acceleration of the labor insertion of Guatemalan youth in job opportunities in the technology sector. This is done through an efficient training program and a model oriented towards the labor market of technology, where you can see and maintain qualified talent in value jobs.


FILM TITLE: La Bandes de Quatre DIRECTOR: Jacques Rivette COUNTRY: France 1988 CINEMATOGRAPHY: Caroline Champetier MUSIC: Claudio Monteverdi CAST: Laurence Cote, Fejria Deliba, Bernadette Giraud, Bulle Ogier, Nathalie Richard, Benoit Regent, Ines de Medeiros SUPER FEATURES: The filming style is excellent.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The great thing is getting a chance to see this film maker's work. The sad thing is that seeing his work means that one has to put up with people complaining about another director who does not care about his reputation as a commercial film maker, and only does what he pleases and wishes to see and learn about.
As one gentleman in the bathroom said, "the French don't make movies, they make talkies ...". I never felt that "talkies" were a condition that made a film bad, but it is by some standards where the "action" content tends to take down the quality of the words and their meanings, into quick ditties and idiotic lines, in lieu of CONTENT. Unfortunately for American audiences, Jacques Rivette is totally CONTENT.
La Bande des Quatre, is not so much a "film" per se, as it is a real advanced acting exercise, for any actors in training and learning. The advanced side of acting is very explosive, and tends to tap into one's personal life, something that various acting teachers, do not think should be mixed with life itself, as it tends to confuse things, rather than help. And in this story, most of the ladies are affected and they tend to copy their experience first, and create another idea for the staging, second. We do the same thing in life, don't we ... we take the easy way, rather than think through to something else.
And during the 2 and three quarter hours, of what is a slow film, a story is created, since the girls mostly are friends and live in the same house, regarding one of their mates who is involved in what appears to be a rather serious affair that is hitting the French news casts. This adds to the ladies' ability to inter act on stage, but the teacher Constance ( Bulle Ogier ) makes sure that the girls do it right, rather than fall into their everyday mentality, which is not what acting in theatre is about at all.
This fine line, is difficult for anyone, audiences specially, as it is a subtlety that is rarely seen, more often than not mis-understood, and vilified by most commercial pundits. It forces a director to maintain the focus on the actor and person, and this is something that audiences are not ready for, and never have been ... PATIENCE. It is too easy to criticize something special, and specific, which 99.9% of film is not about. The other percent, are the ones that create the new styles, invent new things that push the envelopes in the creative form of the arts, and in this case, film. Mike Leigh, with "Naked" and "Secrets & Lies" does a similar thing, although he ties it to a story a lot more. Rivette's style is a bit of the film noir style, and the story may even take second place here, and not be important, compared to what is really happening, another tough thing for film watchers and their seriousness, to accept and follow up on.
Much of the subtleties in this film are lost in the translations. Horrible sub-title goofs, eat away at the fabric of the sensitivity of what Constance is discussing in a rehearsal scene, and this is tough on the film. The points come off jaded, and pushy, rather than serious and meaningful, which as an acting and directing major, I can tell you, is MOST important, in helping direct a person into a spot where they are creative and free, with the association with their character. Still, a lot of it makes it through, and the girls, one by one, are seen improving their delivery of the lines into a more cohesive set of moments, in their rehearsing whichever work they are doing. Underlying much of this was the actor's ability to stay with their lines, and know them ( memorize them ), which is something that Constance hammers on the actresses. We do not often do our homework in life.
Other than that, the film has some unusual touches, many of which I believe tend to detract from the real meat of the product. Various scenes of the city from various places, mostly the moving metro train, seem to indicate that life moves on, a slight lesson to the actresses in this film, but a rather un-needed point to make. I tend to think that this diminishes the quality of the film, but perhaps at the time, one may have felt the need to justify one's movements, so that an audience can see what one is doing. I do not believe this is necessary, and later, in LA BELLE NOISEUSSE, Rivette did not compromise one inch of film at all to make his opus. In this respect, La Bande des Quatre, displays a nice foretelling of this director's ability and body of work.
Magnificent film, with Bulle Ogier's style of acting really neat and well defined, and often showing the girls how one can really deliver a line. Calm, cool and collected is the word, in the face of "action, lights, camera", something which the acting students are trying to learn.
4 GIBLOONS
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
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to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Select which plans appear in the developer portal, and whether developers need approval before they can finalise their subscription.
Plans can be visually ordered for API consumers by dragging them into your preferred position below.
{{ getApiPlanSummaryBean(plan).planDescription }}
Provide a Markdown description of your API to help developers understand how to use your API.


|
PX4 Firmware
PX4 Autopilot Software http://px4.io
|
Objects of this class are owned by the sub-node thread. More...
#include <uavcan_virtual_can_driver.hpp>
Classes | |
| class | Event |
Public Member Functions | |
| VirtualCanDriver (unsigned arg_num_ifaces, uavcan::ISystemClock &system_clock, uavcan::IPoolAllocator &allocator, unsigned virtual_iface_block_allocation_quota) | |
| ~VirtualCanDriver () | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from ITxQueueInjector | |
| virtual | ~ITxQueueInjector () |
Private Member Functions | |
| uavcan::ICanIface * | getIface (uint8_t iface_index) override |
| uint8_t | getNumIfaces () const override |
| int16_t | select (uavcan::CanSelectMasks &inout_masks, const uavcan::CanFrame *(&)[uavcan::MaxCanIfaces], uavcan::MonotonicTime blocking_deadline) override |
| This and other methods of ICanDriver will be invoked by the sub-node thread. More... | |
| void | handleRxFrame (const uavcan::CanRxFrame &frame, uavcan::CanIOFlags flags) override |
| This handler will be invoked by the main node thread. More... | |
| void | injectTxFramesInto (uavcan::INode &main_node) override |
| This method will be invoked by the main node thread. More... | |
Private Attributes | |
| Event | event_ |
| Used to unblock the select() call when IO happens. More... | |
| pthread_mutex_t | driver_mutex_ |
| Shared across all ifaces. More... | |
| uavcan::LazyConstructor< VirtualCanIface > | ifaces_ [uavcan::MaxCanIfaces] |
| const unsigned | num_ifaces_ |
| uavcan::ISystemClock & | clock_ |
Objects of this class are owned by the sub-node thread.
This class does not use heap memory.
Definition at line 340 of file uavcan_virtual_can_driver.hpp.
|
inline |
Definition at line 487 of file uavcan_virtual_can_driver.hpp.
References Lock::init(), and VirtualCanDriver::Event::init().
|
inline |
Definition at line 507 of file uavcan_virtual_can_driver.hpp.
References Lock::deinit(), and VirtualCanDriver::Event::deinit().
|
inlineoverrideprivate |
Definition at line 418 of file uavcan_virtual_can_driver.hpp.
|
inlineoverrideprivate |
Definition at line 423 of file uavcan_virtual_can_driver.hpp.
|
inlineoverrideprivate |
This handler will be invoked by the main node thread.
Definition at line 463 of file uavcan_virtual_can_driver.hpp.
References VirtualCanDriver::Event::signal().
|
inlineoverrideprivatevirtual |
This method will be invoked by the main node thread.
Implements ITxQueueInjector.
Definition at line 477 of file uavcan_virtual_can_driver.hpp.
References VirtualCanDriver::Event::signal().
|
inlineoverrideprivate |
This and other methods of ICanDriver will be invoked by the sub-node thread.
Definition at line 428 of file uavcan_virtual_can_driver.hpp.
References VirtualCanDriver::Event::waitFor().
|
private |
Definition at line 416 of file uavcan_virtual_can_driver.hpp.
|
private |
Shared across all ifaces.
Definition at line 413 of file uavcan_virtual_can_driver.hpp.
|
private |
Used to unblock the select() call when IO happens.
Definition at line 412 of file uavcan_virtual_can_driver.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 414 of file uavcan_virtual_can_driver.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 415 of file uavcan_virtual_can_driver.hpp.


Brittany Pilkington received the sentence as part of a plea deal that prevented her from facing the death penalty for the three separate killings that began in July 2014. Her trial would have begun next year.
The mother, who suffered “mental defects” from years of physical and sexual abuse, was arrested in August 2015 for the death of her 3-month old boy, Noah.
She then admitted in an interview with prosecutors to using blankets to suffocate Noah and her two other sons — 4-year-old Gavin, who died in April 2015, and 3-month old Nial, who died in July 2014.
The mother told authorities she committed the crimes because she was jealous of the attention her husband gave to her son, but not to her or their daughter, Hailey.
Hailey was taken into custody by a child welfare agency following Noah’s death.
Logan County Prosecutor Eric Stewart said the state’s own experts felt the death penalty wasn’t acceptable for Pilkington due to her “mental defects.”

Following Noah’s death, Pilkington’s husband, Joseph Pilkington, was charged with sexual battery for impregnating Brittany in 2009 when she was just 17.
Before his marriage to Brittany, Joseph was in a relationship with her mother.
With Post wires


The UI API Manager.
More...
◆ Init()
| override void GameJolt.UI.GameJoltUI.Init |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inlineprotectedvirtual |
◆ QueueNotification() [1/3]
| void GameJolt.UI.GameJoltUI.QueueNotification |
( |
string |
text | ) |
|
|
inline |
Queues a notification.
- Parameters
-
| text | The notification text. |
◆ QueueNotification() [2/3]
| void GameJolt.UI.GameJoltUI.QueueNotification |
( |
string |
text, |
|
|
Sprite |
image |
|
) |
| |
|
inline |
Queues a notification.
- Parameters
-
| text | The notification text. |
| image | The notification image. |
◆ QueueNotification() [3/3]
Queues a notification.
- Parameters
-
◆ ShowLeaderboards() [1/3]
| void GameJolt.UI.GameJoltUI.ShowLeaderboards |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inline |
Shows the leaderboards window.
◆ ShowLeaderboards() [2/3]
| void GameJolt.UI.GameJoltUI.ShowLeaderboards |
( |
Action< bool > |
callback | ) |
|
|
inline |
Shows the leaderboards window.
- Parameters
-
| callback | A callback function accepting a single parameter, a boolean indicating success. |
◆ ShowLeaderboards() [3/3]
| void GameJolt.UI.GameJoltUI.ShowLeaderboards |
( |
Action< bool > |
callback, |
|
|
int? |
activeTable, |
|
|
params int [] |
visibleTables |
|
) |
| |
|
inline |
Shows the leaderboards window.
- Parameters
-
| callback | A callback function accepting a single parameter, a boolean indicating success. |
| activeTable | The table which should be active. If null, the primary table is active. |
| visibleTables | The ids of the tables to be shown. If null or empty, all tables are shown. |
◆ ShowSignIn() [1/2]
| void GameJolt.UI.GameJoltUI.ShowSignIn |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inline |
Shows the sign in window. If the user's credentials are stored in PlayerPrefs, it will populate the fields with them.
◆ ShowSignIn() [2/2]
| void GameJolt.UI.GameJoltUI.ShowSignIn |
( |
Action< bool > |
signedInCallback, |
|
|
Action< bool > |
userFetchedCallback = null |
|
) |
| |
|
inline |
Shows the sign in windows. If the user's credentials are stored in PlayerPrefs, it will populate the fields with them.
- Parameters
-
| signedInCallback | A callback function accepting a single parameter, a boolean indicating whether the user has been signed-in successfully. |
| userFetchedCallback | A callback function accepting a single parameter, a boolean indicating whether the user's information have been fetched successfully. |
◆ ShowTrophies() [1/2]
| void GameJolt.UI.GameJoltUI.ShowTrophies |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inline |
Shows the trophies windows.
◆ ShowTrophies() [2/2]
| void GameJolt.UI.GameJoltUI.ShowTrophies |
( |
Action< bool > |
callback | ) |
|
|
inline |
Shows the trophies windows.
- Parameters
-
| callback | A callback function accepting a single parameter, a boolean indicating success. |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- D:/Dev/Unity/Projects/gj-unity-api/Assets/Plugins/GameJolt/Scripts/UI/GameJoltUI.cs


Welcome
The Little German Band and Dancers of Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, is an all-volunteer non-profit group dedicated to having fun while promoting Bavarian and German music and dance since 1971.
The LGB&D consists of over 80 fully-costumed musicians and dancers. You'll see anywhere from 8 to 48 members at any performance. The group performs about 60 times per year at parties, arts festivals, schools, fund raisers, Oktoberfests, and more. You can see us perform in our home town of Raleigh, NC and all over the southeastern United States. The LGB&D has toured in several European countries such as Austria, Switzerland, Spain, Belgium, and Germany including a performance at the Oktoberfest in Munich, Germany in September 1996.
Take a look around, and we'll see you at a fest sometime soon! Ein prosit der Gemütlichkeit!
Are you an amateur musician or dancer looking for a fun hobby and great group of people? The LGB&D wants you! Click here for more information on how to join.


Scene:
Open
Add
Controller:
Model
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Miscellaneous
Headlight
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Grid
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Select a file in OBJ, DAE, JS (Three.js) or JSON (glTF)
Available Scenes
Open
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Detail 1
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tabs 1
tabs 2
tabs 3


What do you want to show?
Add words, #hashtags, @mentions and from:user
Main hashtag: {{newWallOptions.mainHashtag}}
Cycle/Repeat tweets
Do you want to constantly cycle Tweets so it always appears active? Will show only latest tweets if set to No.
Cycle Delay Time
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Which media do you want to show on the wall?
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- {{location.query}}


The expressive power of the class of functions that we can declare at this point is very limited, because we have no way to make tests and to perform different operations depending on the result of a test. For instance, we cannot declare a function that computes the absolute value of a number by testing whether the number is negative or not, and taking different actions in each case according to the rule \[ |x| = \left\{ \begin{array}{rl} x & \mbox{if $x \geq 0$} \\ -x & \mbox{otherwise} \end{array} \right. \] This construct is a case analysis and can be expressed in JavaScript using a conditional expression as follows:
= 0 ? x : -x; } \end{JavaScriptClickable} \end{lrbox} \href{https://sourceacademy.nus.edu.sg/playground#chap=1&prgrm=GYVwdgxgLglg9mABAQwEYGcAUAPAlIgbwChFTEAnAUyhHKW0QD4BeRABkQH5EGAuRALTYA3EQC+RImiwCArLmFA}{\usebox\lstbox}
The word predicate is used for functions that return true or false, as well as for expressions that evaluate to true or false. The absolute-value function abs makes use of the primitive predicate >=. This predicate takes two numbers as arguments and tests whether the first number is greater than or equal to the second number, returning true or false accordingly.
JavaScript provides a number of primitive predicates that work similar to >=, including >, <, <=, and ===. In addition to these primitive predicates, there are logical composition operations, which enable us to construct compound predicates. The three most frequently used are these:
minusoperator, an example of which is the expression -x of the function abs in the beginning of this section.
y || x < y; } \end{JavaScriptClickable} \end{lrbox} \href{https://sourceacademy.nus.edu.sg/playground#chap=1&prgrm=GYVwdgxgLglg9mABGOUD6BTAjiAhgGwAoAPAGkQE8BKRAbwChEnEAnDKEFpYxAPksQAfQYh4AeSgG56AX3r0U6bHiIB2cgBYqkoA}{\usebox\lstbox}
= y && x <= y); } \end{JavaScriptClickable} \end{lrbox} \href{https://sourceacademy.nus.edu.sg/playground#chap=1&prgrm=GYVwdgxgLglg9mABGOUD6BTAjiAhgGwAoAPAGkQE8BKRAbwChEnEAnDKEFpAQhMQD4AvJUQAyUYmKIAPMOoBuegF969FOmx4iAdnIAWKvKA}{\usebox\lstbox}
a && b < a * b ? b : a; \end{JavaScriptClickable} \end{lrbox} \href{https://sourceacademy.nus.edu.sg/playground#chap=1&prgrm=MYewdgzgLgBARjAvDAhjA1DAjAbgFAIB8qMAZKfDADwkBUleMTA-JQFyo5A}{\usebox\lstbox}
a ? b : a); \end{JavaScriptClickable} \end{lrbox} \href{https://sourceacademy.nus.edu.sg/playground#chap=1&prgrm=MYewdgzgLgBARjAvDAhjA1DAjAbgFABMGMAFAgHyowD88MAXKgJQ5A}{\usebox\lstbox}
b ? a : a < b ? b : -1) * \end{JavaScriptClickable} \end{lrbox} \begin{JavaScriptClickable} /*!\href{https://sourceacademy.nus.edu.sg/playground#chap=1&prgrm=MYewdgzgLgBARjAvDAhjA1DAjAbgFAAUaAfPHjAPyrkBcqMAPGTC1XOS3QLRYCUeAKkJpMfHEA}{\usebox\lstbox}!*/ (a + 1); \end{JavaScriptClickable}
y ? (y > z ? z : y) : (x > z ? z : x)); } \end{JavaScriptClickable} \end{lrbox} \href{https://sourceacademy.nus.edu.sg/playground#chap=1&prgrm=GYVwdgxgLglg9mABAZwI4gIYCcCmAKADwEpEBvAKESsVyhCyQMQCpECBucgX3NElgSJghADSIAnmIBeJCtVr0kaTLkIkA1CnTZ84jVpX4ZiALSVqFqgHorKEACMoWDNERQAFjgM7EcYG88UAFsMABtQnGQoc0tqZR1CRAA+CUQAfkQ8cWTEKXTcxAAuCRJixJS8jLzi4iJOHl48ABYxAHYxACY6oA}{\usebox\lstbox}
= 0 ? plus : minus)(a, b); } \end{JavaScriptClickable} \end{lrbox} \href{https://sourceacademy.nus.edu.sg/playground#chap=1&prgrm=GYVwdgxgLglg9mABABwDYgM4AoCGAaRAIwEpEBvRAJwFMoRKkdEBqIgbkQF8AoUSWBIgC2MMJlwES5KrXqNEAWnZde4aPEYB9NJk05CGTYQlFSZboksy6DRFkKIAfAF5EABkQB+FOgyIAXMKimMQmJGzcPNw42r56BkZYAKwECgAsxGxAA}{\usebox\lstbox}


When reading or looking through a book, do you think of the page after the one you're on by its number (i.e. page 6)? Or, do you only think of it as the next page? Let's say you remembered a fun picture that you wanted to look at on the last page you were on. Do you look at the page number of the page you're on now, and then flip pages until you reach that page number, minus one? Or, do you say to yourself, "I want the page before this, so I'll go back one."
Sometimes, it doesn't matter to keep track of things like this, where the pages are kept in order by the book binding, and you can use your fingers to flip to the next, or previous, page. The Iterator pattern is shown here. You are able to go from the beginning of this book to the end, without worrying about how the pages are ordered or indexed. You just flip to the next page when you're ready.
To be provided.
To be provided.


{% extends "bootstrap/layouts/base_navbar_responsive.html" %} {%- from "bootstrap/macros.html" import popover %} {%- from "thing/macros.html" import sort_thing_js, print_arbitrary_metadata with context %} {%- from "upload/macros.html" import upload_css, upload_js, uploader, uploads with context %} {%- from "collection/macros.html" import show_collections_list, add_to_collection_form, collection_js with context %} {%- from "maker/macros.html" import show_makers_with_roles with context %} {%- from "talk/macros.html" import show_threads_list with context %} {%- from "frontend/macros.html" import follow_toggle %} {% if preview %} {# handling symlinking of processed jpgs directory so nginx can serve these #} {% set preview = preview|replace('upload/processed-jpgs','static/pages') %} {% endif %} {% block css_extra %} {{ upload_css() }} {% endblock %} {% block js_footer %} {{ upload_js() }} {{ collection_js() }} {{ sort_thing_js() }} {% endblock %} {% block title %} {{thing.title}} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
{{thing.short_description}}
{{thing.description|nl2br|markdown}}
{% set comma = joiner(", ") %} {% for c in contributors %} {{ comma() }} {{c.username}} {% endfor %}
{% if preview %}


The \documentstyle command determines the size and position of the page's head and foot. The page style determines what goes in them.
Back to the Table of Contents


The X Factor: Celebrity safe seats scrapped as Simon Cowell changes rules again
Simon Cowell changed the rules of The X Factor: Celebrity live on air – for a second time in two weeks.
At the beginning of the show, the Syco boss announced that the show had scrapped the three ‘safe seats’ segment
With one per judge, an act chosen for a safe seat would go automatically into the next week’s live show, thereby skipping the all-important public vote.
But it seems, after backlash from fans, the music mogul had a change of heart.
When grilled by host Dermot O’Leary, Cowell said: ‘I actually do read social media, and they said they hated [the safe seats] so they’ve gone.’
Just like that, ey!
Dermot did also make the very good point that realistically ‘someone [Simon] pays reads social media and told you they hated them.’
Which the 60-year-old fessed up to too, so fair play to him for that!
Advertisement Advertisement
Of course, this comes just one week after Si changed his mind regarding the live final of the signing show, implementing a public vote for the most popular eliminated act to take part in the finale.
That was seemingly made up on the spot, and it seemed like this was too.
Cowell may also bring yet another shocking change to the show – .and it all has to do with a certain Love Island star going solo.
Speaking to Metro.co.uk on the red carpet for the ITV Palooza, we may have mentioned in passing (as we have done in writing) that Samira could very well just dump the rest of No Love Lost and return as a solo act – preferably singing Motivation by Normani.
And to our actual surprise, the Syco mogul seemed to…kind of agree?
‘That’s actually a very, very good idea,’ he told us. ‘Do you want to tell the other Islanders?’
The X Factor: Celebrity continues on ITV.
Got a showbiz story?
If you've got a story, video or pictures get in touch with the Metro.co.uk Entertainment team by emailing us<EMAIL_ADDRESS>calling 020 3615 2145 or by visiting our Submit Stuff page - we'd love to hear from you.


Big Vape is in trouble, according to a new report from the New York Times. In September NJoy, one of the United States’ biggest e-cigarette manufacturers, filed for bankruptcy amidst falling sales and use of the smoking alternative.
The issue? Americans are hesitant to accept vaping as a healthier alternative to smoking. “The country’s top public health authorities have sent an unwavering message: Vaping is dangerous,” the New York Times reports. This is supposed to discourage young people from starting to vape, because the government is still anti-nicotine addiction. To me, that makes sense.
Vaping, nevertheless, is far healthier than smoking, although many of its long term effects have yet to be tested. A British medical organization found in one study that vaping is 95% healthier than smoking. But in the United States, it’s illegal for e-cigarette sellers to advertise their products as healthier than analog cigarettes.
Daniel I. Wikler, an ethicist at Harvard, told the New York Times, “When they are regulated just like tobacco, people draw the conclusion that they are just as dangerous. You didn’t say it, but you didn’t have to. People make that assumption and you don’t try to disabuse them of it.”
So what’s the solution? Deregulate vaping? Grover Norquist and Gary Johnson would surely be fans of that. Philip Morris and other big tobacco companies are also developing more devices to get that sweet nicotine fix that aren’t vapes or cigarettes.
But really, Big Vape, here’s something you have yet to consider: Maybe people don’t like vaping because they think it’s lame. I mean, nothing can replace a classic cigarette, especially when clutched between the fingers of a teen who’s dying to look cool. If vaping is going to flourish, it needs to rebrand into something sexier than the original thing.


§652-15 Law applicable to all courts. This chapter and the powers conferred therein shall extend to all the common-law courts of the State, according to their jurisdiction. [L 1876, c 35, §13; RL 1925, §2844; RL 1935, §4283; RL 1945, §10315; RL 1955, §237-15; HRS §652-15]
Case Notes
"Common law courts" are those in contradistinction to courts of equity; district court has jurisdiction in proper cases. 19 H. 625 (1909). See also 22 H. 229 (1914).


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10.5 A Simple Python File ServerTime for something more realistic. Let's conclude this chapter by putting some of these socket ideas to work in something a bit more useful than echoing text back and forth. Example 10-10 implements both the server-side and client-side logic needed to ship a requested file from server to client machines over a raw socket. In effect, this script implements a simple file download system. One instance of the script is run on the machine where downloadable files live (the server), and another on the machines you wish to copy files to (the clients). Command-line arguments tell the script which flavor to run and optionally name the server machine and port number over which conversations are to occur. A server instance can respond to any number of client file requests at the port on which it listens, because it serves each in a thread. Example 10-10. PP2E\Internet\Sockets\getfile.py######################################################## # implement client and server side logic to transfer an # arbitrary file from server to client over a socket; # uses a simple control-info protocol rather than # separate sockets for control and data (as in ftp), # dispatches each client request to a handler thread, # and loops to transfer the entire file by blocks; see # ftplib examples for a higher-level transport scheme; ######################################################## import sys, os, thread, time from socket import * def now(): return time.ctime(time.time()) blksz = 1024 defaultHost = 'localhost' defaultPort = 50001 helptext = """ Usage... server=> getfile.py -mode server [-port nnn] [-host hhh|localhost] client=> getfile.py [-mode client] -file fff [-port nnn] [-host hhh|localhost] """ def parsecommandline(): dict = {} # put in dictionary for easy lookup args = sys.argv[1:] # skip program name at front of args while len(args) >= 2: # example: dict['-mode'] = 'server' dict[args[0]] = args[1] args = args[2:] return dict def client(host, port, filename): sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM) sock.connect((host, port)) sock.send(filename + '\n') # send remote name with dir dropdir = os.path.split(filename)[1] # file name at end of dir path file = open(dropdir, 'wb') # create local file in cwd while 1: data = sock.recv(blksz) # get up to 1K at a time if not data: break # till closed on server side file.write(data) # store data in local file sock.close() file.close() print 'Client got', filename, 'at', now() def serverthread(clientsock): sockfile = clientsock.makefile('r') # wrap socket in dup file obj filename = sockfile.readline()[:-1] # get filename up to end-line try: file = open(filename, 'rb') while 1: bytes = file.read(blksz) # read/send 1K at a time if not bytes: break # until file totally sent sent = clientsock.send(bytes) assert sent == len(bytes) except: print 'Error downloading file on server:', filename clientsock.close() def server(host, port): serversock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM) # listen on tcp/ip socket serversock.bind((host, port)) # serve clients in threads serversock.listen(5) while 1: clientsock, clientaddr = serversock.accept() print 'Server connected by', clientaddr, 'at', now() thread.start_new_thread(serverthread, (clientsock,)) def main(args): host = args.get('-host', defaultHost) # use args or defaults port = int(args.get('-port', defaultPort)) # is a string in argv if args.get('-mode') == 'server': # None if no -mode: client if host == 'localhost': host = '' # else fails remotely server(host, port) elif args.get('-file'): # client mode needs -file client(host, port, args['-file']) else: print helptext if __name__ == '__main__': args = parsecommandline() main(args) This script doesn't do much different than the examples we saw earlier. Depending on the command-line arguments passed, it invokes one of two functions:
The most novel feature here is the protocol between client and server: the client starts the conversation by shipping a filename string up to the server, terminated with an end-of-line character, and including the file's directory path in the server. At the server, a spawned thread extracts the requested file's name by reading the client socket, and opens and transfers the requested file back to the client, one chunk of bytes at a time. 10.5.1 Running the File Server and ClientsSince the server uses threads to process clients, we can test both client and server on the same Windows machine. First, let's start a server instance, and execute two client instances on the same machine while the server runs: [server window, localhost] C:\...\PP2E\Internet\Sockets>python getfile.py -mode server Server connected by ('<IP_ADDRESS>', 1089) at Thu Mar 16 11:54:21 2000 Server connected by ('<IP_ADDRESS>', 1090) at Thu Mar 16 11:54:37 2000 [client window, localhost] C:\...\Internet\Sockets>ls class-server.py echo.out.txt testdir thread-server.py echo-client.py fork-server.py testecho.py echo-server.py getfile.py testechowait.py C:\...\Internet\Sockets>python getfile.py -file testdir\python15.lib -port 50001 Client got testdir\python15.lib at Thu Mar 16 11:54:21 2000 C:\...\Internet\Sockets>python getfile.py -file testdir\textfile Client got testdir\textfile at Thu Mar 16 11:54:37 2000 Clients run in the directory where you want the downloaded file to appear -- the client instance code strips the server directory path when making the local file's name. Here the "download" simply copied the requested files up to the local parent directory (the DOS fc command compares file contents): C:\...\Internet\Sockets>ls class-server.py echo.out.txt python15.lib testechowait.py echo-client.py fork-server.py testdir textfile echo-server.py getfile.py testecho.py thread-server.py C:\...\Internet\Sockets>fc /B python1.lib testdir\python15.lib Comparing files python15.lib and testdir\python15.lib FC: no differences encountered C:\...\Internet\Sockets>fc /B textfile testdir\textfile Comparing files textfile and testdir\textfile FC: no differences encountered As usual, we can run server and clients on different machines as well. Here the script is being used to run a remote server on a Linux machine and a few clients on a local Windows PC (I added line breaks to some of the command lines to make them fit). Notice that client and server machine times are different now -- they are fetched from different machine's clocks and so may be arbitrarily skewed: [server telnet window: first message is the python15.lib request in client window1] [lutz@starship lutz]$ python getfile.py -mode server Server connected by ('<IP_ADDRESS>', 1185) at Thu Mar 16 16:02:07 2000 Server connected by ('<IP_ADDRESS>', 1187) at Thu Mar 16 16:03:24 2000 Server connected by ('<IP_ADDRESS>', 1189) at Thu Mar 16 16:03:52 2000 Server connected by ('<IP_ADDRESS>', 1191) at Thu Mar 16 16:04:09 2000 Server connected by ('<IP_ADDRESS>', 1193) at Thu Mar 16 16:04:38 2000 [client window 1: started first, runs in thread while other client requests are made in client window 2, and processed by other threads] C:\...\Internet\Sockets>python getfile.py -mode client -host starship.python.net -port 50001 -file python15.lib Client got python15.lib at Thu Mar 16 14:07:37 2000 C:\...\Internet\Sockets>fc /B python15.lib testdir\python15.lib Comparing files python15.lib and testdir\python15.lib FC: no differences encountered [client window 2: requests made while client window 1 request downloading] C:\...\Internet\Sockets>python getfile.py -host starship.python.net -file textfile Client got textfile at Thu Mar 16 14:02:29 2000 C:\...\Internet\Sockets>python getfile.py -host starship.python.net -file textfile Client got textfile at Thu Mar 16 14:04:11 2000 C:\...\Internet\Sockets>python getfile.py -host starship.python.net -file textfile Client got textfile at Thu Mar 16 14:04:21 2000 C:\...\Internet\Sockets>python getfile.py -host starship.python.net -file index.html Client got index.html at Thu Mar 16 14:06:22 2000 C:\...\Internet\Sockets>fc textfile testdir\textfile Comparing files textfile and testdir\textfile FC: no differences encountered One subtle security point here: the server instance code is happy to send any server-side file whose pathname is sent from a client, as long as the server is run with a username that has read access to the requested file. If you care about keeping some of your server-side files private, you should add logic to suppress downloads of restricted files. I'll leave this as a suggested exercise here, but will implement such filename checks in the getfile download tool in Example 12-1.[8]
10.5.2 Adding a User-Interface FrontendYou might have noticed that we have been living in the realm of the command line for all of this chapter -- our socket clients and servers have been started from simple DOS or Linux shells. There is nothing stopping us from adding a nice point-and-click user interface to some of these scripts, though; GUI and network scripting are not mutually exclusive techniques. In fact, they can be arguably sexy when used together well. For instance, it would be easy to implement a simple Tkinter GUI frontend to the client-side portion of the getfile script we just met. Such a tool, run on the client machine, may simply pop up a window with Entry widgets for typing the desired filename, server, and so on. Once download parameters have been input, the user interface could either import and call the getfile.client function with appropriate option arguments, or build and run the implied getfile.py command line using tools such as os.system, os.fork, thread, etc. <IP_ADDRESS> Using Frames and command linesTo help make this all more concrete, let's very quickly explore a few simple scripts that add a Tkinter frontend to the getfile client-side program. The first, in Example 10-11, creates a dialog for inputting server, port, and filename information, and simply constructs the corresponding getfile command line and runs it with os.system. Example 10-11. PP2E\Internet\Sockets\getfilegui-1.py########################################################## # launch getfile script client from simple Tkinter GUI; # could also or os.fork+exec, os.spawnv (see Launcher); # windows: replace 'python' with 'start' if not on path; ########################################################## import sys, os from Tkinter import * from tkMessageBox import showinfo def onReturnKey(): cmdline = ('python getfile.py -mode client -file %s -port %s -host %s' % (content['File'].get(), content['Port'].get(), content['Server'].get())) os.system(cmdline) showinfo('getfilegui-1', 'Download complete') box = Frame(Tk()) box.pack(expand=YES, fill=X) lcol, rcol = Frame(box), Frame(box) lcol.pack(side=LEFT) rcol.pack(side=RIGHT, expand=Y, fill=X) labels = ['Server', 'Port', 'File'] content = {} for label in labels: Label(lcol, text=label).pack(side=TOP) entry = Entry(rcol) entry.pack(side=TOP, expand=YES, fill=X) content[label] = entry box.master.title('getfilegui-1') box.master.bind('<Return>', (lambda event: onReturnKey())) mainloop() When run, this script creates the input form shown in Figure 10-1. Pressing the Enter key (<Return>) runs a client-side instance of the getfile program; when the generated getfile command line is finished, we get the verification pop-up displayed in Figure 10-2. Figure 10-1. getfilegui-1 in actionFigure 10-2. getfilegui-1 verification pop-up<IP_ADDRESS> Using grids and function callsThe first user-interface script (Example 10-11) uses the pack geometry manager and Frames to layout the input form, and runs the getfile client as a stand- alone program. It's just as easy to use the grid manager for layout, and import and call the client-side logic function instead of running a program. The script in Example 10-12 shows how. Example 10-12. PP2E\Internet\Sockets\getfilegui-2.py############################################################### # same, but with grids and import+call, not packs and cmdline; # direct function calls are usually faster than running files; ############################################################### import getfile from Tkinter import * from tkMessageBox import showinfo def onSubmit(): getfile.client(content['Server'].get(), int(content['Port'].get()), content['File'].get()) showinfo('getfilegui-2', 'Download complete') box = Tk() labels = ['Server', 'Port', 'File'] rownum = 0 content = {} for label in labels: Label(box, text=label).grid(col=0, row=rownum) entry = Entry(box) entry.grid(col=1, row=rownum, sticky=E+W) content[label] = entry rownum = rownum + 1 box.columnconfigure(0, weight=0) # make expandable box.columnconfigure(1, weight=1) Button(text='Submit', command=onSubmit).grid(row=rownum, col=0, columnspan=2) box.title('getfilegui-2') box.bind('<Return>', (lambda event: onSubmit())) mainloop() This version makes a similar window (Figure 10-3), but adds a button at the bottom that does the same thing as an Enter key press -- it runs the getfile client procedure. Generally speaking, importing and calling functions (as done here) is faster than running command lines, especially if done more than once. The getfile script is set up to work either way -- as program or function library. Figure 10-3. getfilegui-2 in action<IP_ADDRESS> Using a reusable form-layout classIf you're like me, though, writing all the GUI form layout code in those two scripts can seem a bit tedious, whether you use packing or grids. In fact, it became so tedious to me that I decided to write a general-purpose form-layout class, shown in Example 10-13, that handles most of the GUI layout grunt work. Example 10-13. PP2E\Internet\Sockets\form.py# a reusable form class, used by getfilegui (and others) from Tkinter import * entrysize = 40 class Form: # add non-modal form box def __init__(self, labels, parent=None): # pass field labels list box = Frame(parent) box.pack(expand=YES, fill=X) rows = Frame(box, bd=2, relief=GROOVE) # box has rows, button lcol = Frame(rows) # rows has lcol, rcol rcol = Frame(rows) # button or return key, rows.pack(side=TOP, expand=Y, fill=X) # runs onSubmit method lcol.pack(side=LEFT) rcol.pack(side=RIGHT, expand=Y, fill=X) self.content = {} for label in labels: Label(lcol, text=label).pack(side=TOP) entry = Entry(rcol, width=entrysize) entry.pack(side=TOP, expand=YES, fill=X) self.content[label] = entry Button(box, text='Cancel', command=self.onCancel).pack(side=RIGHT) Button(box, text='Submit', command=self.onSubmit).pack(side=RIGHT) box.master.bind('<Return>', (lambda event, self=self: self.onSubmit())) def onSubmit(self): # override this for key in self.content.keys(): # user inputs in print key, '\t=>\t', self.content[key].get() # self.content[k] def onCancel(self): # override if need Tk().quit() # default is exit class DynamicForm(Form): def __init__(self, labels=None): import string labels = string.split(raw_input('Enter field names: ')) Form.__init__(self, labels) def onSubmit(self): print 'Field values...' Form.onSubmit(self) self.onCancel() if __name__ == '__main__': import sys if len(sys.argv) == 1: Form(['Name', 'Age', 'Job']) # precoded fields, stay after submit else: DynamicForm() # input fields, go away after submit mainloop() Running this module standalone triggers its self-test code at the bottom. Without arguments (and when double-clicked in a Windows file explorer), the self-test generates a form with canned input fields captured in Figure 10-4, and displays the fields' values on Enter key presses or Submit button clicks: C:\...\PP2E\Internet\Sockets>python form.py Job => Educator, Entertainer Age => 38 Name => Bob Figure 10-4. Form test, canned fieldsWith a command-line argument, the form class module's self-test code prompts for an arbitrary set of field names for the form; fields can be constructed as dynamically as we like. Figure 10-5 shows the input form constructed in response to the following console interaction. Field names could be accepted on the command line, too, but raw_input works just as well for simple tests like this. In this mode, the GUI goes away after the first submit, because DynamicForm.onSubmit says so: C:\...\PP2E\Internet\Sockets>python form.py - Enter field names: Name Email Web Locale Field values... Email =><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Locale => Colorado Web => http://rmi.net/~lutz Name => mel Figure 10-5. Form test, dynamic fieldsAnd last but not least, Example 10-14 shows the getfile user interface again, this time constructed with the reusable form layout class. We need to fill in only the form labels list, and provide an onSubmit callback method of our own. All of the work needed to construct the form comes "for free," from the imported and widely reusable Form superclass. Example 10-14. PP2E\Internet\Sockets\getfilegui.py################################################################# # launch getfile client with a reusable gui form class; # os.chdir to target local dir if input (getfile stores in cwd); # to do: use threads, show download status and getfile prints; ################################################################# from form import Form from Tkinter import Tk, mainloop from tkMessageBox import showinfo import getfile, os class GetfileForm(Form): def __init__(self, oneshot=0): root = Tk() root.title('getfilegui') labels = ['Server Name', 'Port Number', 'File Name', 'Local Dir?'] Form.__init__(self, labels, root) self.oneshot = oneshot def onSubmit(self): Form.onSubmit(self) localdir = self.content['Local Dir?'].get() portnumber = self.content['Port Number'].get() servername = self.content['Server Name'].get() filename = self.content['File Name'].get() if localdir: os.chdir(localdir) portnumber = int(portnumber) getfile.client(servername, portnumber, filename) showinfo('getfilegui', 'Download complete') if self.oneshot: Tk().quit() # else stay in last localdir if __name__ == '__main__': GetfileForm() mainloop() The form layout class imported here can be used by any program that needs to input form-like data; when used in this script, we get a user-interface like that shown in Figure 10-6 under Windows (and similar on other platforms). Figure 10-6. getfilegui in actionPressing this form's Submit button or the Enter key makes the getfilegui script call the imported getfile.client client-side function as before. This time, though, we also first change to the local directory typed into the form, so that the fetched file is stored there (getfile stores in the current working directory, whatever that may be when it is called). As usual, we can use this interface to connect to servers running locally on the same machine, or remotely. Here is some of the interaction we get for both modes: [talking to a local server] C:\...\PP2E\Internet\Sockets>python getfilegui.py Port Number => 50001 Local Dir? => temp Server Name => localhost File Name => testdir\python15.lib Client got testdir\python15.lib at Tue Aug 15 22:32:34 2000 [talking to a remote server] [lutz@starship lutz]$ /usr/bin/python getfile.py -mode server -port 51234 Server connected by ('<IP_ADDRESS>', 1111) at Tue Aug 15 21:48:13 2000 C:\...\PP2E\Internet\Sockets>python getfilegui.py Port Number => 51234 Local Dir? => temp Server Name => starship.python.net File Name => public_html/index.html Client got public_html/index.html at Tue Aug 15 22:42:06 2000 One caveat worth pointing out here: the GUI is essentially dead while the download is in progress (even screen redraws aren't handled -- try covering and uncovering the window and you'll see what I mean). We could make this better by running the download in a thread, but since we'll see how in the next chapter, you should consider this problem a preview. In closing, a few final notes. First of all, I should point out that the scripts in this chapter use Tkinter tricks we've seen before and won't go into here in the interest of space; be sure to see the GUI chapters in this book for implementation hints. Keep in mind, too, that these interfaces all just add a GUI on top of the existing script to reuse its code; any command-line tool can be easily GUI-ified in this way to make them more appealing and user-friendly. In the next chapter, for example, we'll meet a more useful client-side Tkinter user interface for reading and sending email over sockets (PyMailGui), which largely just adds a GUI to mail-processing tools. Generally speaking, GUIs can often be added as almost an afterthought to a program. Although the degree of user-interface and core logic separation can vary per program, keeping the two distinct makes it easier to focus on each. And finally, now that I've shown you how to build user interfaces on top of this chapter's getfile, I should also say that they aren't really as useful as they might seem. In particular, getfile clients can talk only to machines that are running a getfile server. In the next chapter, we'll discover another way to download files -- FTP -- which also runs on sockets, but provides a higher-level interface, and is available as a standard service on many machines on the Net. We don't generally need to start up a custom server to transfer files over FTP, the way we do with getfile. In fact, the user-interface scripts in this chapter could be easily changed to fetch the desired file with Python's FTP tools, instead of the getfile module. But rather than spilling all the beans here, I'll just say "read on."
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Middle Ground - We live in the grey
Our project aims to bring you news in an objective fashion. Where users will be able to search for current events on our website and it will provide results from the whole political spectrum. In addition, to just the search functionality, users will have the option to utilize the same functionality for current news events for the day. The ultimate goal of our project is to break down political tribalism and introduce people to opposing point of views.
We utilized at a minimum of 3 APIs for publically available news sources, materialize CSS Framework Materialize CSS and github to host our website.
Link to our website: Middle Ground


views.html
Make the app explicit for testing
Resolves the path to a script depending on the current environment.
Resolves the path to a script depending on the current environment. Uses uglified file (-min) in production.


M.Tech - Software Engineering
2014 - 2016
Birla Institute of Technology
Pilani
CGPA 7.6
B.Tech - Information Technology
2006 - 2010
Mount Zion College of Engg. & Tech.
Pudukkottai
72.40 %
HSC
2004 - 2006
Sri Kulapathi Baliah Hr.Sec. School
Pudukkottai
71.83 %
SSLC
2004
Sri Kulapathi Baliah Hr.Sec. School
Pudukkottai
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"I am so happy to have found Happy Endings!! They are very professional, knowledgable, and friendly. The offices are in a great location, are clean, and relaxing. Happy Endings went above and beyond. Hands down....I will be back!"
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§502-34 Grantee's address in deed. The registrar shall not record any deed unless it contains or has endorsed upon it the address of the grantee. This section does not apply to any deed executed prior to July 1, 1951. [L 1951, c 38, §1; RL 1955, §343-24; HRS §502-34; am L 1989, c 47, §12]


Rangers tax claim refuted by HM Revenue and Customs
HMRC: "HMRC won against Rangers' tax avoidance in the Supreme Court, and did not miscalculate anything."
by PA MediaHMRC has refuted claims it miscalculated a tax demand which was a major factor in the financial collapse of Rangers in 2012.
The tax authority issued a blunt response to a report which claimed its "multi-million-pound blunder" was being blamed for the oldco club being consigned to liquidation in June 2012.
In a brief statement on its press office Twitter account, HMRC said: "As widely reported today and to clarify: HMRC won against Rangers' tax avoidance in the Supreme Court, and did not miscalculate anything."
The report stemmed from a June audit by liquidators BDO, who wiped £26m off the amount claimed by HMRC after challenging the imposition of a £24m penalty for the use of an Employee Benefit Trust (EBT) scheme through which the club paid wages and bonuses which were disguised as loans.
The reduction left the total outstanding to HMRC as £68m and there were claims on Thursday that the figure could drop by a total of £50m. This led to former Rangers chairman John McLelland arguing there would have been more potential buyers for the club had demands been reduced at the time.
With the EBT case hanging over the club, Rangers were sold to Craig Whyte for £1 in May 2011 on the understanding he paid off their £18m bank debt and another tax bill of less than £3m.
He mortgaged season ticket sales to pay the bank and the club went into administration in February 2012 over a separate tax debt relating to unpaid PAYE and national insurance.
HMRC went on to win a legal challenge against the liquidated Rangers (now called RFC 2012 plc) over their use of EBTs, a test case which has allowed it to issue demands over the use of many other similar schemes.
The tax authority would have had to instigate fresh legal action to enforce the £24m penalties, but with little money in the pot for creditors, it did not challenge BDO's assertion.


Query Combinators is a data integration toolkit and methodology designed to let data analysts and other accidental programmers query and analyze complex structured data.
We have published a paper describing the Query Combinators methodology. Our implementation is DataKnots.jl and it has documentation.


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Guided
Introduction
Welcome to step by step tutorials for the users with little or no experience using URSim. The steps will guide you through the most basic usage of URSim. We will run a simple prebuilt scene in Unity and connect it to ROS.
You will find the guidelines to so the following tasks ahead:
- Downloading and installing ROS, Unity and other required packages.
- Setting up URSim on windows and connecting it to ROS running on Ubuntu.
- Running your first simulation on URSim.
Downloading and installing ROS, Unity
-
Ubuntu 16.04LTS
Instructions for installing Ubuntu 16.04LTS can be found here. Please stick to Ubuntu 16.Xs only. -
ROS
Instructions for installing ROS Kinetic Kame can be found here. Please stick to ROS Kinetic Kame only. -
Unity
You can download Unity3D from here and install it by running the executable file downloaded.
Setting up the repository and URSim
Setting up repository
- In your Ubuntu terminal enter the following command to git clone the URSim repository:
git clone https://github.com/srmauvsoftware/URSim.git
- Source your environnment:
source /opt/ros/kinetic/setup.bash
Create a new catkin workspace:mkdir -p ~/catkin_ws/src
cd ~/catkin_ws/
catkin_make
- Copy the contents of ros directory to the new workspace:
cd /path/to/repo/ros ~/catkin_ws/src
- Install rosbridge:
sudo apt-get install ros-kinetic-rosbridge-suite
- Port forwarding:
Open your web browser and enter the url for opening the configuration page of your router somewhat similar to the examples below:TP Link Routers: http://<IP_ADDRESS>
Asus Routers: http://<IP_ADDRESS>
Find the option for port forwarding. It could be in security settings or advanced setting. Add a new port and ip address to forward and save the settings then restart the router.
Setting up URSim
- On your Windows machine, download the repository from here. Extract the downloaded zip file.
- Navigate to /path/to/repo/URSim-master/unity/Assets/Scripts and open the file
AUV.cs
. - Edit the ip address and the forwarded port of your ubuntu machine in the following line in the file:
ros = new ROSBridgeWebSocketConnection ("<ip address>", <port>);
for example:
ros = new ROSBridgeWebSocketConnection ("ws://<IP_ADDRESS>", 9090);
Runnning simulations and using ROS launch files
- Running the simulation
- Launch Unity3D and after signing in/skipping, click on ‘open’ icon at the top right of the window.
- Navigate to
/path/to/repo/URSim-master/unity/
to select the project. - When the project opens, click on
file->open scene
and navigate to\pathtorepo\URSim-master\unity\Assets\Scenes
and select the scene to run.
-
Using ROS launch files Launch files in ROS are very common to both users and developers. They provide a convenient way to start up multiple nodes and a master, as well as other initialization requirements such as setting up parameters. The launch files are written in
xml
roslaunch is used to open launch files. This is done by specifying the package the launch files are contained in followed by the name of the launch file. We have placed all the launch files inURSim/ros/src/mission_planner/launch/
. You can run these launch files as follows:roslaunch launch <launch_file_name>
. Eg.roslaunch launch depth_controller.launch
. Make sure you have sourced the repository before running any commands.We provide you with the following launch files:
Launch files for controllers
heave_controller.launch
launches the ‘controller’ node from package ‘pid’ under the namespace ‘heave_controller’.
Sets values to the following parameters - kp, ki, kd
upper_limit, lower_limit, windup_limit
max_loop_frequency, min_loop_frequency
Remaps
‘setpoint’ to ‘/depth_setpoint’
‘state’ to ‘/depth’
‘control_effort’ to ‘/heave_controller/control_effort’yaw_controller.launch
launches the ‘controller’ node from package ‘pid’ under the namespace ‘yaw_controller’.
Sets values to the following parameters - kp, ki, kd
upper_limit, lower_limit, windup_limit
max_loop_frequency, min_loop_frequency
Remaps
‘setpoint’ to ‘/heading_setpoint’
‘state’ to ‘/imu/HeadingTrue_degree/theta’
‘control_effort’ to ‘/yaw_controller/control_effort’sway_controller.launch
launches the ‘controller’ node from package ‘pid’ under the namespace ‘sway_controller’.
Sets values to the following parameters - kp, ki, kd
upper_limit, lower_limit, windup_limit
max_loop_frequency, min_loop_frequency
Remaps
‘setpoint’ to ‘/sway_scale_setpoint’
‘state’ to ‘/sway_scale/’
‘control_effort’ to ‘/sway_controller/control_effort’surge_controller.launch
launches the ‘controller’ node from package ‘pid’ under the namespace ‘surge_controller’.
Sets values to the following parameters - kp, ki, kd
upper_limit, lower_limit, windup_limit
max_loop_frequency, min_loop_frequency
Remaps
‘setpoint’ to ‘/surge_scale_setpoint’
‘state’ to ‘/surge_scale/’
‘control_effort’ to ‘/surge_controller/control_effort’controllers.launch
launches all four controllers - heave, sway, yaw, surge.
Launch files for thrusters
depth_thruster.launch
Launches the node ‘depthThrusters’ in package ‘thrusters’vector_thruster.launch
Launches the node ‘vectorThrusters’ in package ‘thrusters’thrusters.launch
Launches both the nodes - ‘depth_thrusters’ and ‘vectorThrusters’


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HariSree
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Report Issues:
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Version 4.1


@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import uk.gov.hmrc.platformstatusfrontend.models.ServiceVolumeRequest @import views.html.helper.CSRF @this( layout: Layout ) @( form: Form[ServiceVolumeRequest] )(implicit request : Request[_], messages: Messages, flash : Flash ) @layout(pageTitle = Some("Generate service traffic")) {


Discord Elixir v1.1.18 DiscordEx.Voice.Client View Source
This client is for specifically working with voice. You can pass this process to your regular client if you wish to use it with your bot.
Examples
token = "<your-token>"
DiscordEx.Voice.Client.connect(base_client, %{guild_id: 392090239, channel_id:<PHONE_NUMBER>2390)
#=> {:ok, #PID<0.180.0>}
Link to this section Summary
Functions
Initialize a voice connection
Kill a voice connection
Callback implementation for c::websocket_client.init/1
Callback implementation for c::websocket_client.onconnect/2
Callback implementation for c::websocket_client.ondisconnect/2
Reconnect or initiate voice connection
Callback implementation for c::websocket_client.websocket_handle/3
Ability to update speaking state
Callback implementation for c::websocket_client.websocket_terminate/3
Link to this section Functions
connect(pid(), map()) :: {:ok, pid()}
Initialize a voice connection
Kill a voice connection
Callback implementation for c::websocket_client.init/1
.
Callback implementation for c::websocket_client.onconnect/2
.
Callback implementation for c::websocket_client.ondisconnect/2
.
reconnect(pid(), map()) :: {:ok, pid()}
Reconnect or initiate voice connection
Callback implementation for c::websocket_client.websocket_handle/3
.
Ability to update speaking state
Callback implementation for c::websocket_client.websocket_terminate/3
.


Education is about teaching, learning skills and knowledge.
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