public final class Character extends Object implements Serializable, Comparable<Character>
Character
class wraps a value of the primitive
type char
in an object. An object of type
Character
contains a single field whose type is
char
.
In addition, this class provides several methods for determining a character's category (lowercase letter, digit, etc.) and for converting characters from uppercase to lowercase and vice versa.
Character information is based on the Unicode Standard, version 6.2.0.
The methods and data of class Character
are defined by
the information in the UnicodeData file that is part of the
Unicode Character Database maintained by the Unicode
Consortium. This file specifies various properties including name
and general category for every defined Unicode code point or
character range.
The file and its description are available from the Unicode Consortium at:
The char
data type (and therefore the value that a
Character
object encapsulates) are based on the
original Unicode specification, which defined characters as
fixed-width 16-bit entities. The Unicode Standard has since been
changed to allow for characters whose representation requires more
than 16 bits. The range of legal code points is now
U+0000 to U+10FFFF, known as Unicode scalar value.
(Refer to the
definition of the U+n notation in the Unicode
Standard.)
The set of characters from U+0000 to U+FFFF is
sometimes referred to as the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP).
Characters whose code points are greater
than U+FFFF are called supplementary characters. The Java
platform uses the UTF-16 representation in char
arrays and
in the String
and StringBuffer
classes. In
this representation, supplementary characters are represented as a pair
of char
values, the first from the high-surrogates
range, (\uD800-\uDBFF), the second from the
low-surrogates range (\uDC00-\uDFFF).
A char
value, therefore, represents Basic
Multilingual Plane (BMP) code points, including the surrogate
code points, or code units of the UTF-16 encoding. An
int
value represents all Unicode code points,
including supplementary code points. The lower (least significant)
21 bits of int
are used to represent Unicode code
points and the upper (most significant) 11 bits must be zero.
Unless otherwise specified, the behavior with respect to
supplementary characters and surrogate char
values is
as follows:
char
value cannot support
supplementary characters. They treat char
values from the
surrogate ranges as undefined characters. For example,
Character.isLetter('\uD840')
returns false
, even though
this specific value if followed by any low-surrogate value in a string
would represent a letter.
int
value support all
Unicode characters, including supplementary characters. For
example, Character.isLetter(0x2F81A)
returns
true
because the code point value represents a letter
(a CJK ideograph).
In the Java SE API documentation, Unicode code point is
used for character values in the range between U+0000 and U+10FFFF,
and Unicode code unit is used for 16-bit
char
values that are code units of the UTF-16
encoding. For more information on Unicode terminology, refer to the
Unicode Glossary.
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
static class |
Character.Subset
Instances of this class represent particular subsets of the Unicode
character set.
|
static class |
Character.UnicodeBlock
A family of character subsets representing the character blocks in the
Unicode specification.
|
static class |
Character.UnicodeScript
A family of character subsets representing the character scripts
defined in the
Unicode Standard Annex #24: Script Names.
|
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static int |
BYTES
The number of bytes used to represent a
char value in unsigned
binary form. |
static byte |
COMBINING_SPACING_MARK
General category "Mc" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION
General category "Pc" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
CONTROL
General category "Cc" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
CURRENCY_SYMBOL
General category "Sc" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DASH_PUNCTUATION
General category "Pd" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER
General category "Nd" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_ARABIC_NUMBER
Weak bidirectional character type "AN" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_BOUNDARY_NEUTRAL
Weak bidirectional character type "BN" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_COMMON_NUMBER_SEPARATOR
Weak bidirectional character type "CS" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER
Weak bidirectional character type "EN" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_SEPARATOR
Weak bidirectional character type "ES" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_TERMINATOR
Weak bidirectional character type "ET" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT
Strong bidirectional character type "L" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_EMBEDDING
Strong bidirectional character type "LRE" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_OVERRIDE
Strong bidirectional character type "LRO" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_NONSPACING_MARK
Weak bidirectional character type "NSM" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_OTHER_NEUTRALS
Neutral bidirectional character type "ON" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR
Neutral bidirectional character type "B" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_POP_DIRECTIONAL_FORMAT
Weak bidirectional character type "PDF" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT
Strong bidirectional character type "R" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_ARABIC
Strong bidirectional character type "AL" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_EMBEDDING
Strong bidirectional character type "RLE" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_OVERRIDE
Strong bidirectional character type "RLO" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_SEGMENT_SEPARATOR
Neutral bidirectional character type "S" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_UNDEFINED
Undefined bidirectional character type.
|
static byte |
DIRECTIONALITY_WHITESPACE
Neutral bidirectional character type "WS" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
ENCLOSING_MARK
General category "Me" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
END_PUNCTUATION
General category "Pe" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
FINAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION
General category "Pf" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
FORMAT
General category "Cf" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
INITIAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION
General category "Pi" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
LETTER_NUMBER
General category "Nl" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
LINE_SEPARATOR
General category "Zl" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
LOWERCASE_LETTER
General category "Ll" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
MATH_SYMBOL
General category "Sm" in the Unicode specification.
|
static int |
MAX_CODE_POINT
The maximum value of a
Unicode code point, constant
U+10FFFF . |
static char |
MAX_HIGH_SURROGATE
The maximum value of a
Unicode high-surrogate code unit
in the UTF-16 encoding, constant
'\uDBFF' . |
static char |
MAX_LOW_SURROGATE
The maximum value of a
Unicode low-surrogate code unit
in the UTF-16 encoding, constant
'\uDFFF' . |
static int |
MAX_RADIX
The maximum radix available for conversion to and from strings.
|
static char |
MAX_SURROGATE
The maximum value of a Unicode surrogate code unit in the
UTF-16 encoding, constant
'\uDFFF' . |
static char |
MAX_VALUE
The constant value of this field is the largest value of type
char , '\uFFFF' . |
static int |
MIN_CODE_POINT
The minimum value of a
Unicode code point, constant
U+0000 . |
static char |
MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE
The minimum value of a
Unicode high-surrogate code unit
in the UTF-16 encoding, constant
'\uD800' . |
static char |
MIN_LOW_SURROGATE
The minimum value of a
Unicode low-surrogate code unit
in the UTF-16 encoding, constant
'\uDC00' . |
static int |
MIN_RADIX
The minimum radix available for conversion to and from strings.
|
static int |
MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT
The minimum value of a
Unicode supplementary code point, constant
U+10000 . |
static char |
MIN_SURROGATE
The minimum value of a Unicode surrogate code unit in the
UTF-16 encoding, constant
'\uD800' . |
static char |
MIN_VALUE
The constant value of this field is the smallest value of type
char , '\u0000' . |
static byte |
MODIFIER_LETTER
General category "Lm" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
MODIFIER_SYMBOL
General category "Sk" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
NON_SPACING_MARK
General category "Mn" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
OTHER_LETTER
General category "Lo" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
OTHER_NUMBER
General category "No" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
OTHER_PUNCTUATION
General category "Po" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
OTHER_SYMBOL
General category "So" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR
General category "Zp" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
PRIVATE_USE
General category "Co" in the Unicode specification.
|
static int |
SIZE
The number of bits used to represent a char value in unsigned
binary form, constant
16 . |
static byte |
SPACE_SEPARATOR
General category "Zs" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
START_PUNCTUATION
General category "Ps" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
SURROGATE
General category "Cs" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
TITLECASE_LETTER
General category "Lt" in the Unicode specification.
|
static Class<Character> |
TYPE
The
Class instance representing the primitive type
char . |
static byte |
UNASSIGNED
General category "Cn" in the Unicode specification.
|
static byte |
UPPERCASE_LETTER
General category "Lu" in the Unicode specification.
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
Character(char value)
Constructs a newly allocated
Character object that
represents the specified char value. |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static int |
charCount(int codePoint)
Determines the number of
char values needed to
represent the specified character (Unicode code point). |
char |
charValue()
Returns the value of this
Character object. |
static int |
codePointAt(char[] a,
int index)
Returns the code point at the given index of the
char array. |
static int |
codePointAt(char[] a,
int index,
int limit)
Returns the code point at the given index of the
char array, where only array elements with
index less than limit can be used. |
static int |
codePointAt(CharSequence seq,
int index)
Returns the code point at the given index of the
CharSequence . |
static int |
codePointBefore(char[] a,
int index)
Returns the code point preceding the given index of the
char array. |
static int |
codePointBefore(char[] a,
int index,
int start)
Returns the code point preceding the given index of the
char array, where only array elements with
index greater than or equal to start
can be used. |
static int |
codePointBefore(CharSequence seq,
int index)
Returns the code point preceding the given index of the
CharSequence . |
static int |
codePointCount(char[] a,
int offset,
int count)
Returns the number of Unicode code points in a subarray of the
char array argument. |
static int |
codePointCount(CharSequence seq,
int beginIndex,
int endIndex)
Returns the number of Unicode code points in the text range of
the specified char sequence.
|
static int |
compare(char x,
char y)
Compares two
char values numerically. |
int |
compareTo(Character anotherCharacter)
Compares two
Character objects numerically. |
static int |
digit(char ch,
int radix)
Returns the numeric value of the character
ch in the
specified radix. |
static int |
digit(int codePoint,
int radix)
Returns the numeric value of the specified character (Unicode
code point) in the specified radix.
|
boolean |
equals(Object obj)
Compares this object against the specified object.
|
static char |
forDigit(int digit,
int radix)
Determines the character representation for a specific digit in
the specified radix.
|
static byte |
getDirectionality(char ch)
Returns the Unicode directionality property for the given
character.
|
static byte |
getDirectionality(int codePoint)
Returns the Unicode directionality property for the given
character (Unicode code point).
|
static String |
getName(int codePoint)
Returns the Unicode name of the specified character
codePoint , or null if the code point is
unassigned . |
static int |
getNumericValue(char ch)
Returns the
int value that the specified Unicode
character represents. |
static int |
getNumericValue(int codePoint)
Returns the
int value that the specified
character (Unicode code point) represents. |
static int |
getType(char ch)
Returns a value indicating a character's general category.
|
static int |
getType(int codePoint)
Returns a value indicating a character's general category.
|
int |
hashCode()
Returns a hash code for this
Character ; equal to the result
of invoking charValue() . |
static int |
hashCode(char value)
Returns a hash code for a
char value; compatible with
Character.hashCode() . |
static char |
highSurrogate(int codePoint)
Returns the leading surrogate (a
high surrogate code unit) of the
surrogate pair
representing the specified supplementary character (Unicode
code point) in the UTF-16 encoding.
|
static boolean |
isAlphabetic(int codePoint)
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is an alphabet.
|
static boolean |
isBmpCodePoint(int codePoint)
Determines whether the specified character (Unicode code point)
is in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP).
|
static boolean |
isDefined(char ch)
Determines if a character is defined in Unicode.
|
static boolean |
isDefined(int codePoint)
Determines if a character (Unicode code point) is defined in Unicode.
|
static boolean |
isDigit(char ch)
Determines if the specified character is a digit.
|
static boolean |
isDigit(int codePoint)
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a digit.
|
static boolean |
isHighSurrogate(char ch)
Determines if the given
char value is a
Unicode high-surrogate code unit
(also known as leading-surrogate code unit). |
static boolean |
isIdentifierIgnorable(char ch)
Determines if the specified character should be regarded as
an ignorable character in a Java identifier or a Unicode identifier.
|
static boolean |
isIdentifierIgnorable(int codePoint)
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) should be regarded as
an ignorable character in a Java identifier or a Unicode identifier.
|
static boolean |
isIdeographic(int codePoint)
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a CJKV
(Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese) ideograph, as defined by
the Unicode Standard.
|
static boolean |
isISOControl(char ch)
Determines if the specified character is an ISO control
character.
|
static boolean |
isISOControl(int codePoint)
Determines if the referenced character (Unicode code point) is an ISO control
character.
|
static boolean |
isJavaIdentifierPart(char ch)
Determines if the specified character may be part of a Java
identifier as other than the first character.
|
static boolean |
isJavaIdentifierPart(int codePoint)
Determines if the character (Unicode code point) may be part of a Java
identifier as other than the first character.
|
static boolean |
isJavaIdentifierStart(char ch)
Determines if the specified character is
permissible as the first character in a Java identifier.
|
static boolean |
isJavaIdentifierStart(int codePoint)
Determines if the character (Unicode code point) is
permissible as the first character in a Java identifier.
|
static boolean |
isJavaLetter(char ch)
Deprecated.
Replaced by isJavaIdentifierStart(char).
|
static boolean |
isJavaLetterOrDigit(char ch)
Deprecated.
Replaced by isJavaIdentifierPart(char).
|
static boolean |
isLetter(char ch)
Determines if the specified character is a letter.
|
static boolean |
isLetter(int codePoint)
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a letter.
|
static boolean |
isLetterOrDigit(char ch)
Determines if the specified character is a letter or digit.
|
static boolean |
isLetterOrDigit(int codePoint)
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a letter or digit.
|
static boolean |
isLowerCase(char ch)
Determines if the specified character is a lowercase character.
|
static boolean |
isLowerCase(int codePoint)
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a
lowercase character.
|
static boolean |
isLowSurrogate(char ch)
Determines if the given
char value is a
Unicode low-surrogate code unit
(also known as trailing-surrogate code unit). |
static boolean |
isMirrored(char ch)
Determines whether the character is mirrored according to the
Unicode specification.
|
static boolean |
isMirrored(int codePoint)
Determines whether the specified character (Unicode code point)
is mirrored according to the Unicode specification.
|
static boolean |
isSpace(char ch)
Deprecated.
Replaced by isWhitespace(char).
|
static boolean |
isSpaceChar(char ch)
Determines if the specified character is a Unicode space character.
|
static boolean |
isSpaceChar(int codePoint)
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a
Unicode space character.
|
static boolean |
isSupplementaryCodePoint(int codePoint)
Determines whether the specified character (Unicode code point)
is in the supplementary character range.
|
static boolean |
isSurrogate(char ch)
Determines if the given
char value is a Unicode
surrogate code unit. |
static boolean |
isSurrogatePair(char high,
char low)
Determines whether the specified pair of
char
values is a valid
Unicode surrogate pair. |
static boolean |
isTitleCase(char ch)
Determines if the specified character is a titlecase character.
|
static boolean |
isTitleCase(int codePoint)
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a titlecase character.
|
static boolean |
isUnicodeIdentifierPart(char ch)
Determines if the specified character may be part of a Unicode
identifier as other than the first character.
|
static boolean |
isUnicodeIdentifierPart(int codePoint)
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) may be part of a Unicode
identifier as other than the first character.
|
static boolean |
isUnicodeIdentifierStart(char ch)
Determines if the specified character is permissible as the
first character in a Unicode identifier.
|
static boolean |
isUnicodeIdentifierStart(int codePoint)
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is permissible as the
first character in a Unicode identifier.
|
static boolean |
isUpperCase(char ch)
Determines if the specified character is an uppercase character.
|
static boolean |
isUpperCase(int codePoint)
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is an uppercase character.
|
static boolean |
isValidCodePoint(int codePoint)
Determines whether the specified code point is a valid
Unicode code point value.
|
static boolean |
isWhitespace(char ch)
Determines if the specified character is white space according to Java.
|
static boolean |
isWhitespace(int codePoint)
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is
white space according to Java.
|
static char |
lowSurrogate(int codePoint)
Returns the trailing surrogate (a
low surrogate code unit) of the
surrogate pair
representing the specified supplementary character (Unicode
code point) in the UTF-16 encoding.
|
static int |
offsetByCodePoints(char[] a,
int start,
int count,
int index,
int codePointOffset)
Returns the index within the given
char subarray
that is offset from the given index by
codePointOffset code points. |
static int |
offsetByCodePoints(CharSequence seq,
int index,
int codePointOffset)
Returns the index within the given char sequence that is offset
from the given
index by codePointOffset
code points. |
static char |
reverseBytes(char ch)
Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bytes in the
specified char value.
|
static char[] |
toChars(int codePoint)
Converts the specified character (Unicode code point) to its
UTF-16 representation stored in a
char array. |
static int |
toChars(int codePoint,
char[] dst,
int dstIndex)
Converts the specified character (Unicode code point) to its
UTF-16 representation.
|
static int |
toCodePoint(char high,
char low)
Converts the specified surrogate pair to its supplementary code
point value.
|
static char |
toLowerCase(char ch)
Converts the character argument to lowercase using case
mapping information from the UnicodeData file.
|
static int |
toLowerCase(int codePoint)
Converts the character (Unicode code point) argument to
lowercase using case mapping information from the UnicodeData
file.
|
String |
toString()
Returns a
String object representing this
Character 's value. |
static String |
toString(char c)
Returns a
String object representing the
specified char . |
static char |
toTitleCase(char ch)
Converts the character argument to titlecase using case mapping
information from the UnicodeData file.
|
static int |
toTitleCase(int codePoint)
Converts the character (Unicode code point) argument to titlecase using case mapping
information from the UnicodeData file.
|
static char |
toUpperCase(char ch)
Converts the character argument to uppercase using case mapping
information from the UnicodeData file.
|
static int |
toUpperCase(int codePoint)
Converts the character (Unicode code point) argument to
uppercase using case mapping information from the UnicodeData
file.
|
static Character |
valueOf(char c)
Returns a Character instance representing the specified
char value.
|
public static final int MIN_RADIX
digit
method, the forDigit
method, and the
toString
method of class Integer
.public static final int MAX_RADIX
digit
method, the forDigit
method, and the
toString
method of class Integer
.public static final char MIN_VALUE
char
, '\u0000'
.public static final char MAX_VALUE
char
, '\uFFFF'
.public static final Class<Character> TYPE
Class
instance representing the primitive type
char
.public static final byte UNASSIGNED
public static final byte UPPERCASE_LETTER
public static final byte LOWERCASE_LETTER
public static final byte TITLECASE_LETTER
public static final byte MODIFIER_LETTER
public static final byte OTHER_LETTER
public static final byte NON_SPACING_MARK
public static final byte ENCLOSING_MARK
public static final byte COMBINING_SPACING_MARK
public static final byte DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER
public static final byte LETTER_NUMBER
public static final byte OTHER_NUMBER
public static final byte SPACE_SEPARATOR
public static final byte LINE_SEPARATOR
public static final byte PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR
public static final byte CONTROL
public static final byte FORMAT
public static final byte PRIVATE_USE
public static final byte SURROGATE
public static final byte DASH_PUNCTUATION
public static final byte START_PUNCTUATION
public static final byte END_PUNCTUATION
public static final byte CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION
public static final byte OTHER_PUNCTUATION
public static final byte MATH_SYMBOL
public static final byte CURRENCY_SYMBOL
public static final byte MODIFIER_SYMBOL
public static final byte OTHER_SYMBOL
public static final byte INITIAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION
public static final byte FINAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_UNDEFINED
char
values have undefined directionality in the Unicode specification.public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_ARABIC
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_SEPARATOR
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_TERMINATOR
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_ARABIC_NUMBER
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_COMMON_NUMBER_SEPARATOR
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_NONSPACING_MARK
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_BOUNDARY_NEUTRAL
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_SEGMENT_SEPARATOR
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_WHITESPACE
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_OTHER_NEUTRALS
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_EMBEDDING
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_OVERRIDE
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_EMBEDDING
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_OVERRIDE
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_POP_DIRECTIONAL_FORMAT
public static final char MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE
'\uD800'
.
A high-surrogate is also known as a leading-surrogate.public static final char MAX_HIGH_SURROGATE
'\uDBFF'
.
A high-surrogate is also known as a leading-surrogate.public static final char MIN_LOW_SURROGATE
'\uDC00'
.
A low-surrogate is also known as a trailing-surrogate.public static final char MAX_LOW_SURROGATE
'\uDFFF'
.
A low-surrogate is also known as a trailing-surrogate.public static final char MIN_SURROGATE
'\uD800'
.public static final char MAX_SURROGATE
'\uDFFF'
.public static final int MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT
U+10000
.public static final int MIN_CODE_POINT
U+0000
.public static final int MAX_CODE_POINT
U+10FFFF
.public static final int SIZE
16
.public static final int BYTES
char
value in unsigned
binary form.public Character(char value)
Character
object that
represents the specified char
value.value
- the value to be represented by the
Character
object.public static Character valueOf(char c)
Character(char)
, as this method is likely to yield
significantly better space and time performance by caching
frequently requested values.
This method will always cache values in the range '\u0000'
to '\u007F'
, inclusive, and may
cache other values outside of this range.c
- a char value.public char charValue()
Character
object.char
value represented by
this object.public int hashCode()
Character
; equal to the result
of invoking charValue()
.hashCode
in class Object
Character
Object.equals(java.lang.Object)
,
System.identityHashCode(java.lang.Object)
public static int hashCode(char value)
char
value; compatible with
Character.hashCode()
.value
- The char
for which to return a hash code.char
value.public boolean equals(Object obj)
true
if and only if the argument is not
null
and is a Character
object that
represents the same char
value as this object.equals
in class Object
obj
- the object to compare with.true
if the objects are the same;
false
otherwise.Object.hashCode()
,
HashMap
public String toString()
String
object representing this
Character
's value. The result is a string of
length 1 whose sole component is the primitive
char
value represented by this
Character
object.public static String toString(char c)
String
object representing the
specified char
. The result is a string of length
1 consisting solely of the specified char
.c
- the char
to be convertedchar
public static boolean isValidCodePoint(int codePoint)
codePoint
- the Unicode code point to be testedtrue
if the specified code point value is between
MIN_CODE_POINT
and
MAX_CODE_POINT
inclusive;
false
otherwise.public static boolean isBmpCodePoint(int codePoint)
char
.public static boolean isSupplementaryCodePoint(int codePoint)
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be testedtrue
if the specified code point is between
MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT
and
MAX_CODE_POINT
inclusive;
false
otherwise.public static boolean isHighSurrogate(char ch)
char
value is a
Unicode high-surrogate code unit
(also known as leading-surrogate code unit).
Such values do not represent characters by themselves, but are used in the representation of supplementary characters in the UTF-16 encoding.
ch
- the char
value to be tested.true
if the char
value is between
MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE
and
MAX_HIGH_SURROGATE
inclusive;
false
otherwise.isLowSurrogate(char)
,
Character.UnicodeBlock.of(int)
public static boolean isLowSurrogate(char ch)
char
value is a
Unicode low-surrogate code unit
(also known as trailing-surrogate code unit).
Such values do not represent characters by themselves, but are used in the representation of supplementary characters in the UTF-16 encoding.
ch
- the char
value to be tested.true
if the char
value is between
MIN_LOW_SURROGATE
and
MAX_LOW_SURROGATE
inclusive;
false
otherwise.isHighSurrogate(char)
public static boolean isSurrogate(char ch)
char
value is a Unicode
surrogate code unit.
Such values do not represent characters by themselves, but are used in the representation of supplementary characters in the UTF-16 encoding.
A char value is a surrogate code unit if and only if it is either a low-surrogate code unit or a high-surrogate code unit.
ch
- the char
value to be tested.true
if the char
value is between
MIN_SURROGATE
and
MAX_SURROGATE
inclusive;
false
otherwise.public static boolean isSurrogatePair(char high, char low)
char
values is a valid
Unicode surrogate pair.
This method is equivalent to the expression:
isHighSurrogate(high) && isLowSurrogate(low)
high
- the high-surrogate code value to be testedlow
- the low-surrogate code value to be testedtrue
if the specified high and
low-surrogate code values represent a valid surrogate pair;
false
otherwise.public static int charCount(int codePoint)
char
values needed to
represent the specified character (Unicode code point). If the
specified character is equal to or greater than 0x10000, then
the method returns 2. Otherwise, the method returns 1.
This method doesn't validate the specified character to be a
valid Unicode code point. The caller must validate the
character value using isValidCodePoint
if necessary.
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.isSupplementaryCodePoint(int)
public static int toCodePoint(char high, char low)
isSurrogatePair
if necessary.high
- the high-surrogate code unitlow
- the low-surrogate code unitpublic static int codePointAt(CharSequence seq, int index)
CharSequence
. If the char
value at
the given index in the CharSequence
is in the
high-surrogate range, the following index is less than the
length of the CharSequence
, and the
char
value at the following index is in the
low-surrogate range, then the supplementary code point
corresponding to this surrogate pair is returned. Otherwise,
the char
value at the given index is returned.seq
- a sequence of char
values (Unicode code
units)index
- the index to the char
values (Unicode
code units) in seq
to be convertedNullPointerException
- if seq
is null.IndexOutOfBoundsException
- if the value
index
is negative or not less than
seq.length()
.public static int codePointAt(char[] a, int index)
char
array. If the char
value at
the given index in the char
array is in the
high-surrogate range, the following index is less than the
length of the char
array, and the
char
value at the following index is in the
low-surrogate range, then the supplementary code point
corresponding to this surrogate pair is returned. Otherwise,
the char
value at the given index is returned.a
- the char
arrayindex
- the index to the char
values (Unicode
code units) in the char
array to be convertedNullPointerException
- if a
is null.IndexOutOfBoundsException
- if the value
index
is negative or not less than
the length of the char
array.public static int codePointAt(char[] a, int index, int limit)
char
array, where only array elements with
index
less than limit
can be used. If
the char
value at the given index in the
char
array is in the high-surrogate range, the
following index is less than the limit
, and the
char
value at the following index is in the
low-surrogate range, then the supplementary code point
corresponding to this surrogate pair is returned. Otherwise,
the char
value at the given index is returned.a
- the char
arrayindex
- the index to the char
values (Unicode
code units) in the char
array to be convertedlimit
- the index after the last array element that
can be used in the char
arrayNullPointerException
- if a
is null.IndexOutOfBoundsException
- if the index
argument is negative or not less than the limit
argument, or if the limit
argument is negative or
greater than the length of the char
array.public static int codePointBefore(CharSequence seq, int index)
CharSequence
. If the char
value at
(index - 1)
in the CharSequence
is in
the low-surrogate range, (index - 2)
is not
negative, and the char
value at (index - 2)
in the CharSequence
is in the
high-surrogate range, then the supplementary code point
corresponding to this surrogate pair is returned. Otherwise,
the char
value at (index - 1)
is
returned.seq
- the CharSequence
instanceindex
- the index following the code point that should be returnedNullPointerException
- if seq
is null.IndexOutOfBoundsException
- if the index
argument is less than 1 or greater than seq.length()
.public static int codePointBefore(char[] a, int index)
char
array. If the char
value at
(index - 1)
in the char
array is in
the low-surrogate range, (index - 2)
is not
negative, and the char
value at (index - 2)
in the char
array is in the
high-surrogate range, then the supplementary code point
corresponding to this surrogate pair is returned. Otherwise,
the char
value at (index - 1)
is
returned.a
- the char
arrayindex
- the index following the code point that should be returnedNullPointerException
- if a
is null.IndexOutOfBoundsException
- if the index
argument is less than 1 or greater than the length of the
char
arraypublic static int codePointBefore(char[] a, int index, int start)
char
array, where only array elements with
index
greater than or equal to start
can be used. If the char
value at (index - 1)
in the char
array is in the
low-surrogate range, (index - 2)
is not less than
start
, and the char
value at
(index - 2)
in the char
array is in
the high-surrogate range, then the supplementary code point
corresponding to this surrogate pair is returned. Otherwise,
the char
value at (index - 1)
is
returned.a
- the char
arrayindex
- the index following the code point that should be returnedstart
- the index of the first array element in the
char
arrayNullPointerException
- if a
is null.IndexOutOfBoundsException
- if the index
argument is not greater than the start
argument or
is greater than the length of the char
array, or
if the start
argument is negative or not less than
the length of the char
array.public static char highSurrogate(int codePoint)
char
is returned.
If
isSupplementaryCodePoint(x)
is true
, then
isHighSurrogate
(highSurrogate(x))
and
toCodePoint
(highSurrogate(x),
lowSurrogate
(x)) == x
are also always true
.
codePoint
- a supplementary character (Unicode code point)public static char lowSurrogate(int codePoint)
char
is returned.
If
isSupplementaryCodePoint(x)
is true
, then
isLowSurrogate
(lowSurrogate(x))
and
toCodePoint
(
highSurrogate
(x), lowSurrogate(x)) == x
are also always true
.
codePoint
- a supplementary character (Unicode code point)public static int toChars(int codePoint, char[] dst, int dstIndex)
dst[dstIndex]
, and 1 is returned. If the
specified code point is a supplementary character, its
surrogate values are stored in dst[dstIndex]
(high-surrogate) and dst[dstIndex+1]
(low-surrogate), and 2 is returned.codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be converted.dst
- an array of char
in which the
codePoint
's UTF-16 value is stored.dstIndex
- the start index into the dst
array where the converted value is stored.IllegalArgumentException
- if the specified
codePoint
is not a valid Unicode code point.NullPointerException
- if the specified dst
is null.IndexOutOfBoundsException
- if dstIndex
is negative or not less than dst.length
, or if
dst
at dstIndex
doesn't have enough
array element(s) to store the resulting char
value(s). (If dstIndex
is equal to
dst.length-1
and the specified
codePoint
is a supplementary character, the
high-surrogate value is not stored in
dst[dstIndex]
.)public static char[] toChars(int codePoint)
char
array. If
the specified code point is a BMP (Basic Multilingual Plane or
Plane 0) value, the resulting char
array has
the same value as codePoint
. If the specified code
point is a supplementary code point, the resulting
char
array has the corresponding surrogate pair.codePoint
- a Unicode code pointchar
array having
codePoint
's UTF-16 representation.IllegalArgumentException
- if the specified
codePoint
is not a valid Unicode code point.public static int codePointCount(CharSequence seq, int beginIndex, int endIndex)
beginIndex
and extends to the
char
at index endIndex - 1
. Thus the
length (in char
s) of the text range is
endIndex-beginIndex
. Unpaired surrogates within
the text range count as one code point each.seq
- the char sequencebeginIndex
- the index to the first char
of
the text range.endIndex
- the index after the last char
of
the text range.NullPointerException
- if seq
is null.IndexOutOfBoundsException
- if the
beginIndex
is negative, or endIndex
is larger than the length of the given sequence, or
beginIndex
is larger than endIndex
.public static int codePointCount(char[] a, int offset, int count)
char
array argument. The offset
argument is the index of the first char
of the
subarray and the count
argument specifies the
length of the subarray in char
s. Unpaired
surrogates within the subarray count as one code point each.a
- the char
arrayoffset
- the index of the first char
in the
given char
arraycount
- the length of the subarray in char
sNullPointerException
- if a
is null.IndexOutOfBoundsException
- if offset
or
count
is negative, or if offset +
count
is larger than the length of the given array.public static int offsetByCodePoints(CharSequence seq, int index, int codePointOffset)
index
by codePointOffset
code points. Unpaired surrogates within the text range given by
index
and codePointOffset
count as
one code point each.seq
- the char sequenceindex
- the index to be offsetcodePointOffset
- the offset in code pointsNullPointerException
- if seq
is null.IndexOutOfBoundsException
- if index
is negative or larger then the length of the char sequence,
or if codePointOffset
is positive and the
subsequence starting with index
has fewer than
codePointOffset
code points, or if
codePointOffset
is negative and the subsequence
before index
has fewer than the absolute value
of codePointOffset
code points.public static int offsetByCodePoints(char[] a, int start, int count, int index, int codePointOffset)
char
subarray
that is offset from the given index
by
codePointOffset
code points. The
start
and count
arguments specify a
subarray of the char
array. Unpaired surrogates
within the text range given by index
and
codePointOffset
count as one code point each.a
- the char
arraystart
- the index of the first char
of the
subarraycount
- the length of the subarray in char
sindex
- the index to be offsetcodePointOffset
- the offset in code pointsNullPointerException
- if a
is null.IndexOutOfBoundsException
- if start
or count
is negative,
or if start + count
is larger than the length of
the given array,
or if index
is less than start
or
larger then start + count
,
or if codePointOffset
is positive and the text range
starting with index
and ending with start + count - 1
has fewer than codePointOffset
code
points,
or if codePointOffset
is negative and the text range
starting with start
and ending with index - 1
has fewer than the absolute value of
codePointOffset
code points.public static boolean isLowerCase(char ch)
A character is lowercase if its general category type, provided
by Character.getType(ch)
, is
LOWERCASE_LETTER
, or it has contributory property
Other_Lowercase as defined by the Unicode Standard.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the isLowerCase(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be tested.true
if the character is lowercase;
false
otherwise.isLowerCase(char)
,
isTitleCase(char)
,
toLowerCase(char)
,
getType(char)
public static boolean isLowerCase(int codePoint)
A character is lowercase if its general category type, provided
by getType(codePoint)
, is
LOWERCASE_LETTER
, or it has contributory property
Other_Lowercase as defined by the Unicode Standard.
The following are examples of lowercase characters:
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z '\u00DF' '\u00E0' '\u00E1' '\u00E2' '\u00E3' '\u00E4' '\u00E5' '\u00E6' '\u00E7' '\u00E8' '\u00E9' '\u00EA' '\u00EB' '\u00EC' '\u00ED' '\u00EE' '\u00EF' '\u00F0' '\u00F1' '\u00F2' '\u00F3' '\u00F4' '\u00F5' '\u00F6' '\u00F8' '\u00F9' '\u00FA' '\u00FB' '\u00FC' '\u00FD' '\u00FE' '\u00FF'
Many other Unicode characters are lowercase too.
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.true
if the character is lowercase;
false
otherwise.isLowerCase(int)
,
isTitleCase(int)
,
toLowerCase(int)
,
getType(int)
public static boolean isUpperCase(char ch)
A character is uppercase if its general category type, provided by
Character.getType(ch)
, is UPPERCASE_LETTER
.
or it has contributory property Other_Uppercase as defined by the Unicode Standard.
The following are examples of uppercase characters:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z '\u00C0' '\u00C1' '\u00C2' '\u00C3' '\u00C4' '\u00C5' '\u00C6' '\u00C7' '\u00C8' '\u00C9' '\u00CA' '\u00CB' '\u00CC' '\u00CD' '\u00CE' '\u00CF' '\u00D0' '\u00D1' '\u00D2' '\u00D3' '\u00D4' '\u00D5' '\u00D6' '\u00D8' '\u00D9' '\u00DA' '\u00DB' '\u00DC' '\u00DD' '\u00DE'
Many other Unicode characters are uppercase too.
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the isUpperCase(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be tested.true
if the character is uppercase;
false
otherwise.isLowerCase(char)
,
isTitleCase(char)
,
toUpperCase(char)
,
getType(char)
public static boolean isUpperCase(int codePoint)
A character is uppercase if its general category type, provided by
getType(codePoint)
, is UPPERCASE_LETTER
,
or it has contributory property Other_Uppercase as defined by the Unicode Standard.
The following are examples of uppercase characters:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z '\u00C0' '\u00C1' '\u00C2' '\u00C3' '\u00C4' '\u00C5' '\u00C6' '\u00C7' '\u00C8' '\u00C9' '\u00CA' '\u00CB' '\u00CC' '\u00CD' '\u00CE' '\u00CF' '\u00D0' '\u00D1' '\u00D2' '\u00D3' '\u00D4' '\u00D5' '\u00D6' '\u00D8' '\u00D9' '\u00DA' '\u00DB' '\u00DC' '\u00DD' '\u00DE'
Many other Unicode characters are uppercase too.
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.true
if the character is uppercase;
false
otherwise.isLowerCase(int)
,
isTitleCase(int)
,
toUpperCase(int)
,
getType(int)
public static boolean isTitleCase(char ch)
A character is a titlecase character if its general
category type, provided by Character.getType(ch)
,
is TITLECASE_LETTER
.
Some characters look like pairs of Latin letters. For example, there is an uppercase letter that looks like "LJ" and has a corresponding lowercase letter that looks like "lj". A third form, which looks like "Lj", is the appropriate form to use when rendering a word in lowercase with initial capitals, as for a book title.
These are some of the Unicode characters for which this method returns
true
:
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH SMALL LETTER J
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH SMALL LETTER J
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z
Many other Unicode characters are titlecase too.
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the isTitleCase(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be tested.true
if the character is titlecase;
false
otherwise.isLowerCase(char)
,
isUpperCase(char)
,
toTitleCase(char)
,
getType(char)
public static boolean isTitleCase(int codePoint)
A character is a titlecase character if its general
category type, provided by getType(codePoint)
,
is TITLECASE_LETTER
.
Some characters look like pairs of Latin letters. For example, there is an uppercase letter that looks like "LJ" and has a corresponding lowercase letter that looks like "lj". A third form, which looks like "Lj", is the appropriate form to use when rendering a word in lowercase with initial capitals, as for a book title.
These are some of the Unicode characters for which this method returns
true
:
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH SMALL LETTER J
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH SMALL LETTER J
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z
Many other Unicode characters are titlecase too.
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.true
if the character is titlecase;
false
otherwise.isLowerCase(int)
,
isUpperCase(int)
,
toTitleCase(int)
,
getType(int)
public static boolean isDigit(char ch)
A character is a digit if its general category type, provided
by Character.getType(ch)
, is
DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER
.
Some Unicode character ranges that contain digits:
'\u0030'
through '\u0039'
,
ISO-LATIN-1 digits ('0'
through '9'
)
'\u0660'
through '\u0669'
,
Arabic-Indic digits
'\u06F0'
through '\u06F9'
,
Extended Arabic-Indic digits
'\u0966'
through '\u096F'
,
Devanagari digits
'\uFF10'
through '\uFF19'
,
Fullwidth digits
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the isDigit(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be tested.true
if the character is a digit;
false
otherwise.digit(char, int)
,
forDigit(int, int)
,
getType(char)
public static boolean isDigit(int codePoint)
A character is a digit if its general category type, provided
by getType(codePoint)
, is
DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER
.
Some Unicode character ranges that contain digits:
'\u0030'
through '\u0039'
,
ISO-LATIN-1 digits ('0'
through '9'
)
'\u0660'
through '\u0669'
,
Arabic-Indic digits
'\u06F0'
through '\u06F9'
,
Extended Arabic-Indic digits
'\u0966'
through '\u096F'
,
Devanagari digits
'\uFF10'
through '\uFF19'
,
Fullwidth digits
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.true
if the character is a digit;
false
otherwise.forDigit(int, int)
,
getType(int)
public static boolean isDefined(char ch)
A character is defined if at least one of the following is true:
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the isDefined(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be testedtrue
if the character has a defined meaning
in Unicode; false
otherwise.isDigit(char)
,
isLetter(char)
,
isLetterOrDigit(char)
,
isLowerCase(char)
,
isTitleCase(char)
,
isUpperCase(char)
public static boolean isDefined(int codePoint)
A character is defined if at least one of the following is true:
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.true
if the character has a defined meaning
in Unicode; false
otherwise.isDigit(int)
,
isLetter(int)
,
isLetterOrDigit(int)
,
isLowerCase(int)
,
isTitleCase(int)
,
isUpperCase(int)
public static boolean isLetter(char ch)
A character is considered to be a letter if its general
category type, provided by Character.getType(ch)
,
is any of the following:
UPPERCASE_LETTER
LOWERCASE_LETTER
TITLECASE_LETTER
MODIFIER_LETTER
OTHER_LETTER
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the isLetter(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be tested.true
if the character is a letter;
false
otherwise.isDigit(char)
,
isJavaIdentifierStart(char)
,
isJavaLetter(char)
,
isJavaLetterOrDigit(char)
,
isLetterOrDigit(char)
,
isLowerCase(char)
,
isTitleCase(char)
,
isUnicodeIdentifierStart(char)
,
isUpperCase(char)
public static boolean isLetter(int codePoint)
A character is considered to be a letter if its general
category type, provided by getType(codePoint)
,
is any of the following:
UPPERCASE_LETTER
LOWERCASE_LETTER
TITLECASE_LETTER
MODIFIER_LETTER
OTHER_LETTER
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.true
if the character is a letter;
false
otherwise.isDigit(int)
,
isJavaIdentifierStart(int)
,
isLetterOrDigit(int)
,
isLowerCase(int)
,
isTitleCase(int)
,
isUnicodeIdentifierStart(int)
,
isUpperCase(int)
public static boolean isLetterOrDigit(char ch)
A character is considered to be a letter or digit if either
Character.isLetter(char ch)
or
Character.isDigit(char ch)
returns
true
for the character.
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the isLetterOrDigit(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be tested.true
if the character is a letter or digit;
false
otherwise.isDigit(char)
,
isJavaIdentifierPart(char)
,
isJavaLetter(char)
,
isJavaLetterOrDigit(char)
,
isLetter(char)
,
isUnicodeIdentifierPart(char)
public static boolean isLetterOrDigit(int codePoint)
A character is considered to be a letter or digit if either
isLetter(codePoint)
or
isDigit(codePoint)
returns
true
for the character.
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.true
if the character is a letter or digit;
false
otherwise.isDigit(int)
,
isJavaIdentifierPart(int)
,
isLetter(int)
,
isUnicodeIdentifierPart(int)
@Deprecated public static boolean isJavaLetter(char ch)
A character may start a Java identifier if and only if one of the following is true:
isLetter(ch)
returns true
getType(ch)
returns LETTER_NUMBER
ch
is a currency symbol (such as '$'
)
ch
is a connecting punctuation character (such as '_'
).
ch
- the character to be tested.true
if the character may start a Java
identifier; false
otherwise.isJavaLetterOrDigit(char)
,
isJavaIdentifierStart(char)
,
isJavaIdentifierPart(char)
,
isLetter(char)
,
isLetterOrDigit(char)
,
isUnicodeIdentifierStart(char)
@Deprecated public static boolean isJavaLetterOrDigit(char ch)
A character may be part of a Java identifier if and only if any of the following are true:
'$'
)
'_'
)
isIdentifierIgnorable
returns
true
for the character.
ch
- the character to be tested.true
if the character may be part of a
Java identifier; false
otherwise.isJavaLetter(char)
,
isJavaIdentifierStart(char)
,
isJavaIdentifierPart(char)
,
isLetter(char)
,
isLetterOrDigit(char)
,
isUnicodeIdentifierPart(char)
,
isIdentifierIgnorable(char)
public static boolean isAlphabetic(int codePoint)
A character is considered to be alphabetic if its general category type,
provided by getType(codePoint)
, is any of
the following:
UPPERCASE_LETTER
LOWERCASE_LETTER
TITLECASE_LETTER
MODIFIER_LETTER
OTHER_LETTER
LETTER_NUMBER
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.true
if the character is a Unicode alphabet
character, false
otherwise.public static boolean isIdeographic(int codePoint)
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.true
if the character is a Unicode ideograph
character, false
otherwise.public static boolean isJavaIdentifierStart(char ch)
A character may start a Java identifier if and only if one of the following conditions is true:
isLetter(ch)
returns true
getType(ch)
returns LETTER_NUMBER
ch
is a currency symbol (such as '$'
)
ch
is a connecting punctuation character (such as '_'
).
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the isJavaIdentifierStart(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be tested.true
if the character may start a Java identifier;
false
otherwise.isJavaIdentifierPart(char)
,
isLetter(char)
,
isUnicodeIdentifierStart(char)
,
javax.lang.model.SourceVersion#isIdentifier(CharSequence)
public static boolean isJavaIdentifierStart(int codePoint)
A character may start a Java identifier if and only if one of the following conditions is true:
isLetter(codePoint)
returns true
getType(codePoint)
returns LETTER_NUMBER
'$'
)
'_'
).
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.true
if the character may start a Java identifier;
false
otherwise.isJavaIdentifierPart(int)
,
isLetter(int)
,
isUnicodeIdentifierStart(int)
,
javax.lang.model.SourceVersion#isIdentifier(CharSequence)
public static boolean isJavaIdentifierPart(char ch)
A character may be part of a Java identifier if any of the following are true:
'$'
)
'_'
)
isIdentifierIgnorable
returns
true
for the character
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the isJavaIdentifierPart(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be tested.true
if the character may be part of a
Java identifier; false
otherwise.isIdentifierIgnorable(char)
,
isJavaIdentifierStart(char)
,
isLetterOrDigit(char)
,
isUnicodeIdentifierPart(char)
,
javax.lang.model.SourceVersion#isIdentifier(CharSequence)
public static boolean isJavaIdentifierPart(int codePoint)
A character may be part of a Java identifier if any of the following are true:
'$'
)
'_'
)
isIdentifierIgnorable(codePoint)
returns true
for
the character
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.true
if the character may be part of a
Java identifier; false
otherwise.isIdentifierIgnorable(int)
,
isJavaIdentifierStart(int)
,
isLetterOrDigit(int)
,
isUnicodeIdentifierPart(int)
,
javax.lang.model.SourceVersion#isIdentifier(CharSequence)
public static boolean isUnicodeIdentifierStart(char ch)
A character may start a Unicode identifier if and only if one of the following conditions is true:
isLetter(ch)
returns true
getType(ch)
returns
LETTER_NUMBER
.
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the isUnicodeIdentifierStart(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be tested.true
if the character may start a Unicode
identifier; false
otherwise.isJavaIdentifierStart(char)
,
isLetter(char)
,
isUnicodeIdentifierPart(char)
public static boolean isUnicodeIdentifierStart(int codePoint)
A character may start a Unicode identifier if and only if one of the following conditions is true:
isLetter(codePoint)
returns true
getType(codePoint)
returns LETTER_NUMBER
.
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.true
if the character may start a Unicode
identifier; false
otherwise.isJavaIdentifierStart(int)
,
isLetter(int)
,
isUnicodeIdentifierPart(int)
public static boolean isUnicodeIdentifierPart(char ch)
A character may be part of a Unicode identifier if and only if one of the following statements is true:
'_'
)
isIdentifierIgnorable
returns
true
for this character.
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the isUnicodeIdentifierPart(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be tested.true
if the character may be part of a
Unicode identifier; false
otherwise.isIdentifierIgnorable(char)
,
isJavaIdentifierPart(char)
,
isLetterOrDigit(char)
,
isUnicodeIdentifierStart(char)
public static boolean isUnicodeIdentifierPart(int codePoint)
A character may be part of a Unicode identifier if and only if one of the following statements is true:
'_'
)
isIdentifierIgnorable
returns
true
for this character.
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.true
if the character may be part of a
Unicode identifier; false
otherwise.isIdentifierIgnorable(int)
,
isJavaIdentifierPart(int)
,
isLetterOrDigit(int)
,
isUnicodeIdentifierStart(int)
public static boolean isIdentifierIgnorable(char ch)
The following Unicode characters are ignorable in a Java identifier or a Unicode identifier:
'\u0000'
through '\u0008'
'\u000E'
through '\u001B'
'\u007F'
through '\u009F'
FORMAT
general
category value
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the isIdentifierIgnorable(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be tested.true
if the character is an ignorable control
character that may be part of a Java or Unicode identifier;
false
otherwise.isJavaIdentifierPart(char)
,
isUnicodeIdentifierPart(char)
public static boolean isIdentifierIgnorable(int codePoint)
The following Unicode characters are ignorable in a Java identifier or a Unicode identifier:
'\u0000'
through '\u0008'
'\u000E'
through '\u001B'
'\u007F'
through '\u009F'
FORMAT
general
category value
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.true
if the character is an ignorable control
character that may be part of a Java or Unicode identifier;
false
otherwise.isJavaIdentifierPart(int)
,
isUnicodeIdentifierPart(int)
public static char toLowerCase(char ch)
Note that
Character.isLowerCase(Character.toLowerCase(ch))
does not always return true
for some ranges of
characters, particularly those that are symbols or ideographs.
In general, String.toLowerCase()
should be used to map
characters to lowercase. String
case mapping methods
have several benefits over Character
case mapping methods.
String
case mapping methods can perform locale-sensitive
mappings, context-sensitive mappings, and 1:M character mappings, whereas
the Character
case mapping methods cannot.
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the toLowerCase(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be converted.isLowerCase(char)
,
String.toLowerCase()
public static int toLowerCase(int codePoint)
Note that
Character.isLowerCase(Character.toLowerCase(codePoint))
does not always return true
for some ranges of
characters, particularly those that are symbols or ideographs.
In general, String.toLowerCase()
should be used to map
characters to lowercase. String
case mapping methods
have several benefits over Character
case mapping methods.
String
case mapping methods can perform locale-sensitive
mappings, context-sensitive mappings, and 1:M character mappings, whereas
the Character
case mapping methods cannot.
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be converted.isLowerCase(int)
,
String.toLowerCase()
public static char toUpperCase(char ch)
Note that
Character.isUpperCase(Character.toUpperCase(ch))
does not always return true
for some ranges of
characters, particularly those that are symbols or ideographs.
In general, String.toUpperCase()
should be used to map
characters to uppercase. String
case mapping methods
have several benefits over Character
case mapping methods.
String
case mapping methods can perform locale-sensitive
mappings, context-sensitive mappings, and 1:M character mappings, whereas
the Character
case mapping methods cannot.
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the toUpperCase(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be converted.isUpperCase(char)
,
String.toUpperCase()
public static int toUpperCase(int codePoint)
Note that
Character.isUpperCase(Character.toUpperCase(codePoint))
does not always return true
for some ranges of
characters, particularly those that are symbols or ideographs.
In general, String.toUpperCase()
should be used to map
characters to uppercase. String
case mapping methods
have several benefits over Character
case mapping methods.
String
case mapping methods can perform locale-sensitive
mappings, context-sensitive mappings, and 1:M character mappings, whereas
the Character
case mapping methods cannot.
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be converted.isUpperCase(int)
,
String.toUpperCase()
public static char toTitleCase(char ch)
char
argument is already a titlecase
char
, the same char
value will be
returned.
Note that
Character.isTitleCase(Character.toTitleCase(ch))
does not always return true
for some ranges of
characters.
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the toTitleCase(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be converted.isTitleCase(char)
,
toLowerCase(char)
,
toUpperCase(char)
public static int toTitleCase(int codePoint)
Note that
Character.isTitleCase(Character.toTitleCase(codePoint))
does not always return true
for some ranges of
characters.
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be converted.isTitleCase(int)
,
toLowerCase(int)
,
toUpperCase(int)
public static int digit(char ch, int radix)
ch
in the
specified radix.
If the radix is not in the range MIN_RADIX
≤
radix
≤ MAX_RADIX
or if the
value of ch
is not a valid digit in the specified
radix, -1
is returned. A character is a valid digit
if at least one of the following is true:
isDigit
is true
of the character
and the Unicode decimal digit value of the character (or its
single-character decomposition) is less than the specified radix.
In this case the decimal digit value is returned.
'A'
through 'Z'
and its code is less than
radix + 'A' - 10
.
In this case, ch - 'A' + 10
is returned.
'a'
through 'z'
and its code is less than
radix + 'a' - 10
.
In this case, ch - 'a' + 10
is returned.
'\uFF21'
) through Z ('\uFF3A'
)
and its code is less than
radix + '\uFF21' - 10
.
In this case, ch - '\uFF21' + 10
is returned.
'\uFF41'
) through z ('\uFF5A'
)
and its code is less than
radix + '\uFF41' - 10
.
In this case, ch - '\uFF41' + 10
is returned.
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the digit(int, int)
method.
ch
- the character to be converted.radix
- the radix.forDigit(int, int)
,
isDigit(char)
public static int digit(int codePoint, int radix)
If the radix is not in the range MIN_RADIX
≤
radix
≤ MAX_RADIX
or if the
character is not a valid digit in the specified
radix, -1
is returned. A character is a valid digit
if at least one of the following is true:
isDigit(codePoint)
is true
of the character
and the Unicode decimal digit value of the character (or its
single-character decomposition) is less than the specified radix.
In this case the decimal digit value is returned.
'A'
through 'Z'
and its code is less than
radix + 'A' - 10
.
In this case, codePoint - 'A' + 10
is returned.
'a'
through 'z'
and its code is less than
radix + 'a' - 10
.
In this case, codePoint - 'a' + 10
is returned.
'\uFF21'
) through Z ('\uFF3A'
)
and its code is less than
radix + '\uFF21' - 10
.
In this case,
codePoint - '\uFF21' + 10
is returned.
'\uFF41'
) through z ('\uFF5A'
)
and its code is less than
radix + '\uFF41'- 10
.
In this case,
codePoint - '\uFF41' + 10
is returned.
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be converted.radix
- the radix.forDigit(int, int)
,
isDigit(int)
public static int getNumericValue(char ch)
int
value that the specified Unicode
character represents. For example, the character
'\u216C'
(the roman numeral fifty) will return
an int with a value of 50.
The letters A-Z in their uppercase ('\u0041'
through
'\u005A'
), lowercase
('\u0061'
through '\u007A'
), and
full width variant ('\uFF21'
through
'\uFF3A'
and '\uFF41'
through
'\uFF5A'
) forms have numeric values from 10
through 35. This is independent of the Unicode specification,
which does not assign numeric values to these char
values.
If the character does not have a numeric value, then -1 is returned. If the character has a numeric value that cannot be represented as a nonnegative integer (for example, a fractional value), then -2 is returned.
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the getNumericValue(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be converted.int
value; -2 if the character has a numeric value that is not a
nonnegative integer; -1 if the character has no numeric value.forDigit(int, int)
,
isDigit(char)
public static int getNumericValue(int codePoint)
int
value that the specified
character (Unicode code point) represents. For example, the character
'\u216C'
(the Roman numeral fifty) will return
an int
with a value of 50.
The letters A-Z in their uppercase ('\u0041'
through
'\u005A'
), lowercase
('\u0061'
through '\u007A'
), and
full width variant ('\uFF21'
through
'\uFF3A'
and '\uFF41'
through
'\uFF5A'
) forms have numeric values from 10
through 35. This is independent of the Unicode specification,
which does not assign numeric values to these char
values.
If the character does not have a numeric value, then -1 is returned. If the character has a numeric value that cannot be represented as a nonnegative integer (for example, a fractional value), then -2 is returned.
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be converted.int
value; -2 if the character has a numeric value that is not a
nonnegative integer; -1 if the character has no numeric value.forDigit(int, int)
,
isDigit(int)
@Deprecated public static boolean isSpace(char ch)
true
for the following five
characters only:
'\t' | U+0009 |
HORIZONTAL TABULATION |
'\n' | U+000A |
NEW LINE |
'\f' | U+000C |
FORM FEED |
'\r' | U+000D |
CARRIAGE RETURN |
' ' | U+0020 |
SPACE |
ch
- the character to be tested.true
if the character is ISO-LATIN-1 white
space; false
otherwise.isSpaceChar(char)
,
isWhitespace(char)
public static boolean isSpaceChar(char ch)
SPACE_SEPARATOR
LINE_SEPARATOR
PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the isSpaceChar(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be tested.true
if the character is a space character;
false
otherwise.isWhitespace(char)
public static boolean isSpaceChar(int codePoint)
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.true
if the character is a space character;
false
otherwise.isWhitespace(int)
public static boolean isWhitespace(char ch)
SPACE_SEPARATOR
,
LINE_SEPARATOR
, or PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR
)
but is not also a non-breaking space ('\u00A0'
,
'\u2007'
, '\u202F'
).
'\t'
, U+0009 HORIZONTAL TABULATION.
'\n'
, U+000A LINE FEED.
'\u000B'
, U+000B VERTICAL TABULATION.
'\f'
, U+000C FORM FEED.
'\r'
, U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN.
'\u001C'
, U+001C FILE SEPARATOR.
'\u001D'
, U+001D GROUP SEPARATOR.
'\u001E'
, U+001E RECORD SEPARATOR.
'\u001F'
, U+001F UNIT SEPARATOR.
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the isWhitespace(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be tested.true
if the character is a Java whitespace
character; false
otherwise.isSpaceChar(char)
public static boolean isWhitespace(int codePoint)
SPACE_SEPARATOR
,
LINE_SEPARATOR
, or PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR
)
but is not also a non-breaking space ('\u00A0'
,
'\u2007'
, '\u202F'
).
'\t'
, U+0009 HORIZONTAL TABULATION.
'\n'
, U+000A LINE FEED.
'\u000B'
, U+000B VERTICAL TABULATION.
'\f'
, U+000C FORM FEED.
'\r'
, U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN.
'\u001C'
, U+001C FILE SEPARATOR.
'\u001D'
, U+001D GROUP SEPARATOR.
'\u001E'
, U+001E RECORD SEPARATOR.
'\u001F'
, U+001F UNIT SEPARATOR.
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.true
if the character is a Java whitespace
character; false
otherwise.isSpaceChar(int)
public static boolean isISOControl(char ch)
'\u0000'
through '\u001F'
or in the range
'\u007F'
through '\u009F'
.
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the isISOControl(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be tested.true
if the character is an ISO control character;
false
otherwise.isSpaceChar(char)
,
isWhitespace(char)
public static boolean isISOControl(int codePoint)
'\u0000'
through '\u001F'
or in the range
'\u007F'
through '\u009F'
.codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.true
if the character is an ISO control character;
false
otherwise.isSpaceChar(int)
,
isWhitespace(int)
public static int getType(char ch)
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the getType(int)
method.
ch
- the character to be tested.int
representing the
character's general category.COMBINING_SPACING_MARK
,
CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION
,
CONTROL
,
CURRENCY_SYMBOL
,
DASH_PUNCTUATION
,
DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER
,
ENCLOSING_MARK
,
END_PUNCTUATION
,
FINAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION
,
FORMAT
,
INITIAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION
,
LETTER_NUMBER
,
LINE_SEPARATOR
,
LOWERCASE_LETTER
,
MATH_SYMBOL
,
MODIFIER_LETTER
,
MODIFIER_SYMBOL
,
NON_SPACING_MARK
,
OTHER_LETTER
,
OTHER_NUMBER
,
OTHER_PUNCTUATION
,
OTHER_SYMBOL
,
PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR
,
PRIVATE_USE
,
SPACE_SEPARATOR
,
START_PUNCTUATION
,
SURROGATE
,
TITLECASE_LETTER
,
UNASSIGNED
,
UPPERCASE_LETTER
public static int getType(int codePoint)
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.int
representing the
character's general category.COMBINING_SPACING_MARK
,
CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION
,
CONTROL
,
CURRENCY_SYMBOL
,
DASH_PUNCTUATION
,
DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER
,
ENCLOSING_MARK
,
END_PUNCTUATION
,
FINAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION
,
FORMAT
,
INITIAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION
,
LETTER_NUMBER
,
LINE_SEPARATOR
,
LOWERCASE_LETTER
,
MATH_SYMBOL
,
MODIFIER_LETTER
,
MODIFIER_SYMBOL
,
NON_SPACING_MARK
,
OTHER_LETTER
,
OTHER_NUMBER
,
OTHER_PUNCTUATION
,
OTHER_SYMBOL
,
PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR
,
PRIVATE_USE
,
SPACE_SEPARATOR
,
START_PUNCTUATION
,
SURROGATE
,
TITLECASE_LETTER
,
UNASSIGNED
,
UPPERCASE_LETTER
public static char forDigit(int digit, int radix)
radix
is not a
valid radix, or the value of digit
is not a valid
digit in the specified radix, the null character
('\u0000'
) is returned.
The radix
argument is valid if it is greater than or
equal to MIN_RADIX
and less than or equal to
MAX_RADIX
. The digit
argument is valid if
0 <= digit < radix
.
If the digit is less than 10, then
'0' + digit
is returned. Otherwise, the value
'a' + digit - 10
is returned.
digit
- the number to convert to a character.radix
- the radix.char
representation of the specified digit
in the specified radix.MIN_RADIX
,
MAX_RADIX
,
digit(char, int)
public static byte getDirectionality(char ch)
char
values is DIRECTIONALITY_UNDEFINED
.
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the getDirectionality(int)
method.
ch
- char
for which the directionality property
is requested.char
value.DIRECTIONALITY_UNDEFINED
,
DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT
,
DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT
,
DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_ARABIC
,
DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER
,
DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_SEPARATOR
,
DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_TERMINATOR
,
DIRECTIONALITY_ARABIC_NUMBER
,
DIRECTIONALITY_COMMON_NUMBER_SEPARATOR
,
DIRECTIONALITY_NONSPACING_MARK
,
DIRECTIONALITY_BOUNDARY_NEUTRAL
,
DIRECTIONALITY_PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR
,
DIRECTIONALITY_SEGMENT_SEPARATOR
,
DIRECTIONALITY_WHITESPACE
,
DIRECTIONALITY_OTHER_NEUTRALS
,
DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_EMBEDDING
,
DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_OVERRIDE
,
DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_EMBEDDING
,
DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_OVERRIDE
,
DIRECTIONALITY_POP_DIRECTIONAL_FORMAT
public static byte getDirectionality(int codePoint)
DIRECTIONALITY_UNDEFINED
.codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) for which
the directionality property is requested.DIRECTIONALITY_UNDEFINED
,
DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT
,
DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT
,
DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_ARABIC
,
DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER
,
DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_SEPARATOR
,
DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_TERMINATOR
,
DIRECTIONALITY_ARABIC_NUMBER
,
DIRECTIONALITY_COMMON_NUMBER_SEPARATOR
,
DIRECTIONALITY_NONSPACING_MARK
,
DIRECTIONALITY_BOUNDARY_NEUTRAL
,
DIRECTIONALITY_PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR
,
DIRECTIONALITY_SEGMENT_SEPARATOR
,
DIRECTIONALITY_WHITESPACE
,
DIRECTIONALITY_OTHER_NEUTRALS
,
DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_EMBEDDING
,
DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_OVERRIDE
,
DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_EMBEDDING
,
DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_OVERRIDE
,
DIRECTIONALITY_POP_DIRECTIONAL_FORMAT
public static boolean isMirrored(char ch)
'\u0028'
LEFT
PARENTHESIS is semantically defined to be an opening
parenthesis. This will appear as a "(" in text that is
left-to-right but as a ")" in text that is right-to-left.
Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support
all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use
the isMirrored(int)
method.
ch
- char
for which the mirrored property is requestedtrue
if the char is mirrored, false
if the char
is not mirrored or is not defined.public static boolean isMirrored(int codePoint)
'\u0028'
LEFT PARENTHESIS is semantically
defined to be an opening parenthesis. This will appear
as a "(" in text that is left-to-right but as a ")" in text
that is right-to-left.codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.true
if the character is mirrored, false
if the character is not mirrored or is not defined.public int compareTo(Character anotherCharacter)
Character
objects numerically.compareTo
in interface Comparable<Character>
anotherCharacter
- the Character
to be compared.0
if the argument Character
is equal to this Character
; a value less than
0
if this Character
is numerically less
than the Character
argument; and a value greater than
0
if this Character
is numerically greater
than the Character
argument (unsigned comparison).
Note that this is strictly a numerical comparison; it is not
locale-dependent.public static int compare(char x, char y)
char
values numerically.
The value returned is identical to what would be returned by:
Character.valueOf(x).compareTo(Character.valueOf(y))
x
- the first char
to comparey
- the second char
to compare0
if x == y
;
a value less than 0
if x < y
; and
a value greater than 0
if x > y
public static char reverseBytes(char ch)
ch
- The char
of which to reverse the byte order.public static String getName(int codePoint)
codePoint
, or null if the code point is
unassigned
.
Note: if the specified character is not assigned a name by the UnicodeData file (part of the Unicode Character Database maintained by the Unicode Consortium), the returned name is the same as the result of expression.
Character.UnicodeBlock.of(codePoint).toString().replace('_', ' ')
+ " "
+ Integer.toHexString(codePoint).toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
codePoint
- the character (Unicode code point)IllegalArgumentException
- if the specified
codePoint
is not a valid Unicode
code point.Dracula Javadoc Sample, Made with Allan Im.


"When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life." - Samuel Johnson.
This is a platform to share photos of the 'Big Smoke' and all of its beauty.
Whether you are a professional or an amateur, feel free to submit your photos via the Contact us form.
This page was created by Carolina and Farrah as part of a course for Code First:Girls.


Here is the code snippet of the sample AddressService that displays the users address.
Here the sample component that uses the AddressService.
AddressService
class. If we modify the AddressService
constructor to
take arguments, then AppComponent
requires touch-up.AddressService
object for us and we just
have to use it in classes wherever its required. This is discussed in detail in the Dependency Injection section.


oak-get-slave-lag --user=root --socket=/tmp/mysql.sockPrint slave lag, return 1 exit code if slave lag is greater than 60 seconds or slave is not replicating at all. Return 0 exit code when slave replicates and lag is less than or equal to 60 seconds.
oak-get-slave-lag --user=root --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock -e 60Same as above, use defaults file:
oak-get-slave-lag --defaults-file=/home/myuser/.my-oak.cnf -e 60
This tools prints out the slave lag and produces either 0 exit code on success or 1 on failure
When the --error-if-more-than-seconds option (-e short form) is specified, oak-get-slave-lag expects replication lag to be smaller than or equal to given value. If replication lags more than given number of seconds, or does not work at all, the tool exits with 1 exit code. Otherwise the tool is satisfied and returns with 0 exit code.
Replication lag is deduced from the Seconds_Behind_Master value on SHOW SLAVE STATUS. Mind that this value is not always correct. Unless replication heartbeat is present (MySQL >= 5.5), SHOW SLAVE STATUS may report a 0 lag when in fact it lags hours behind, for a limited period of time.
Prompt for password.
--debugPrint stack trace on error.
-e ERROR_IF_MORE_THAN_SECONDS, --error-if-more-than-seconds=ERROR_IF_MORE_THAN_SECONDSReturn with error exit code if slave lag is more than given number of seconds (default: disabled)
--defaults-file=DEFAULTS_FILERead from MySQL configuration file. Overrides --user, --password, --socket, --port.
Configuration needs to be in the following format:
[client]
user=my_user
password=my_pass
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3306
MySQL host (default: localhost)
-p PASSWORD, --password=PASSWORDMySQL password
-P PORT, --port=PORTTCP/IP port (default: 3306)
-S SOCKET, --socket=SOCKETMySQL socket file. Only applies when host is localhost
-u USER, --user=USERMySQL user
-v, --verbosePrint user friendly messages
apt-get install python-mysqldbor
yum install mysql-python
Copyright (c) 2008 - 2010, Shlomi Noach All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * Neither the name of the organization nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.


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The Edit menu offers the following commands:
| Undo | Reverse previous editing operation. |
| Cut | Deletes data from the document and moves it to the clipboard. |
| Copy | Copies data from the document to the clipboard. |
| Paste | Pastes data from the clipboard into the document. |


| Name | Color | Tail Size |
|---|---|---|
| Buddy | Orange and White | VERY long |
| Alistair (R.I.P.) | Orange | Small |
| Trillian | Black/Orange | Very small |
| Aloysius | Gray tabby | Kitten-sized |
| Agador Spartacus | Gray/white Tabby | Kitten-sized |
| Meow Mix | Black | Medium |
| Toeny | Gray | Medium-Large |
| Diva | White | Fluffy |


Stand up comedian and Ex On The Beach narrator Andrew Maxwell is third I'm A Celeb arrival
After landing he told photographers he wouldn’t take his sunglasses off as “no one will know who I am anyway”
by Mark Jefferies, https://www.mirror.co.uk/authors/mark-jefferies/The third celebrity who landed in Australia for the new series of I'm A Celebrity is stand up comedian Andrew Maxwell.
The 44-year-old touched down at Brisbane Airport in the early hours of Monday morning local time having flown in from the UK via Dubai.
As well as doing stand up, the 44-year-old is best known for being the narrator of Ex-On The Beach.
After landing he told photographers he wouldn’t take his sunglasses off as “no one will know who I am anyway”.
Asked about what he was scared of he said: “Snakes but I am going to fight them. We don’t have snakes in Ireland and you should never trust an animal without shoulders who can’t shrug.”
They smiled for the cameras before being whisked away to a nearby hotel.
Others names already in Australia to go on the ITV jungle are US reality TV star Caitlyn Jenner and former footballer Ian Wright.
Other celebs in the frame to take part this year include GMB breakfast TV presenter Kate Garraway and former Girls Aloud singer Nadine Coyle.
More arrivals are expected over the next couple of days before filming begins.
Bookmakers Ladbrokes have Ian Wright as favourite to win, although last year's King of the Jungle Harry Redknapp told the Mirror he was worried about him keeping his temper in camp.
He said: “I’d tell him ‘Keep calm, Wrighty’. He’s got a short fuse. I played golf with him the other day and he threw a bit of a wobbler with another player.
“You have to bite your tongue in the camp. It’s hard. You can get tetchy as there’s nothing to do. It gets boring.”
The show will once again be hosted by Ant and Dec, after Ant took a year off in 2018 because of drink and drug related issues.
* The opening episode of I'm A Celebrity airs on Sunday night at 9pm on ITV.


Programming Languages Article
Table of Languages
| Language | Designer | First Appeared |
|---|---|---|
| C++ | Bjarne Stroustrup | 1983 |
| Python | Guido van Rossum | 1991 |
| JavaScript | Brendan Eich | 1995 |
| Ruby | Yukihiro Matsumoto ("Matz") | 1995 |
| Java | James Gosling | 1995 |
| PHP | Rasmus Lerdorf | 1995 |


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CoWorker is responsive to the Core. Resize your Browser to see the magic. Your website will be loved across devices.
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[gecode-users] Clockwise constraint
Guido Tack
tack at ps.uni-sb.de
Mon Jun 2 09:15:02 CEST 2008
Malcolm Ryan wrote:
> I want to make a constraint which represents the order of three values
> around a ring.
>
> Eg: if we have a,b,c \in {1,2,3,4} then I want to represent the
> constraint:
>
> clockwise(a,b,c) == (a < b < c) or (b < c < a) or (c < a < b)
>
> I can construct this directly using BExprs, but the use of 'or' means
> that it doesn't propagate very well. Eg:
> [...]
> Will give a = {1,4}, b = [2..3], c = [2..3] when it should be able to
> deduce that b = 2, c = 3. Is there any other way to represent this so
> that the propagation works better?
You can't get the full pruning directly (you'd need something like
constructive disjunction for that). Something you might want to add
is a distinct constraint over all variables (although it wouldn't do
the pruning in your example, it would add some pruning in other
cases). Or, if the domains are always dense (at most one value more
than variables, that is), you could use a+1=b instead of a<b. You
could also encode the constraint into a TupleSet and use extensional,
which would probably result in a really big table but give you domain
consistency.
Cheers,
Guido
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- I want to specify download path and file name
- I want to save Twitter GIF as
GIF,
MP4.
- I want to save Twitter video as
MP4,
TS


kakao_flutter_sdk
Flutter SDK for Kakao API.
Currently supports Android
and iOS
platform, and will support web
platform (still in technival preview stage) when it becomes stable.
Getting Started
Flutter is becoming more wide-spread as a cross-platform development tool since it provides natively-compiled applications for mobile, web, and desktop from a single codebase. Several requests have been made for Flutter support for Kakao API.
Setting up the dependency
The first step is to include Kakao Flutter SDK into your project, in pubspec.yaml
.
Currently, Kakao Flutter SDK is not publicly released on pub.dev.
Therefore, you have to specify the dependency as below in your pubspec.yaml
.
dependency_overrides:
kakao_flutter_sdk:
git:
url: git@github.com:CoderSpinoza/kakao-flutter-sdk.git
In the near future when it is released on pub.dev, below would suffice.
dependencies:
kakao_flutter_sdk: ^0.1.0
Transitive dependencies
Kakao Flutter SDK has following transitive dependencies:
- dio (2.1.0)
- json_serializable (2.4.0)
- shared_preferences (0.5.3+1)
- platform (2.2.0)
Below dependencies were considered but was removed due to restrictions against our needs:
- url_launcher
- flutter_custom_tabs
- flutter_web_auth
SDK calls Chrome Custom Tabs
and ASWebAuthenticationSession
natively via platform channel.
Set up your Kakao App
You have to create an application on Kakao Developers and set up iOS and Android platforms. Follow the instructions below:
Implementation Guide
Initializing SDK
First, you have to initialize SDK at app startup in order to use it. It is as simple as setting your native app key in global context.
KakaoContext.clientId = "${put your native app key here}"
Kakao Login
First, users have to get access token in order to call Kakao API. Access tokens are issued according to OAuth 2.0 spec.
- kakao account authentication
- user agreemnet (skip if not necessary)
- get authorization code (via redirect)
- issue access token (via POST API)
Getting Authorization Code
There are two ways users can get authorization code.
- Via kakao account login in browser
- Via KakaoTalk
Via browser
SDK uses ASWebAuthenticationSession
and Custom Tabs
for opening browser on iOS
and Android
, respectively.
void loginButtonClicked() async {
try {
String authCode = await AuthCodeClient.instance.request();
} on KakaoAuthException catch (e) {
// some error happened during the course of user login... deal with it.
} on KakaoClientException catch (e) {
//
} catch (e) {
//
}
}
Via KakaoTalk
void loginButtonClicked() async {
try {
String authCode = await AuthCodeClient.instance.requestWithTalk();
} on KakaoAuthException catch (e) {
// some error happened during the course of user login... deal with it.
} on KakaoClientException catch (e) {
//
} catch (e) {
//
}
}
Getting Access Token
Sample login code is pasted below:
void loginButtonClicked() async {
try {
String authCode = await AuthCodeClient.instance.request();
AccessToken token = await AuthApi.instance.issueAccessToken(authCode);
AccessTokenStore.instance.toCache(token);
} catch (e) {
// some error happened during the course of user login... deal with it.
}
}
Currently, Kakao Flutter SDK does not plan to support Kakao login or KakaoLink via kakaoTalk. The SDK tries to support as many platform and environment as possible and mobile-only
After user's first login (access token persisted correctly), you can check the status of AccessTokenStore in order to skip this process. Below is the sample code of checking token status and redirecting to login screen if refresh token does not exist.
String token = await AccessTokenStore.instance.fromCache();
if (token.refreshToken == null) {
Navigator.of(context).pushReplacementNamed('/login');
} else {
Navigator.of(context).pushReplacementNamed("/main");
}
Existence of refresh token is a good criteria for deciding whether user has to authorize again or not, since refresh token can be used to refresh access token.
Calling Token-based API
After ensuring that access token does exist with above step, you can call token-based API. Below are set of APIs that are currently supported with Kakao Flutter SDK.
- UserApi
- TalkApi
- StoryApi
Tokens are automatically added to Authorization header by AccessTokenInterceptor.
Below is an example of calling /v2/user/me API with UserApi
class.
try {
User user = await UserApi.instance.me();
// do anything you want with user instance
} on KakaoAuthException catch (e) {
if (e.code == ApiErrorCause.INVALID_TOKEN) { // access token has expired and cannot be refrsehd. access tokens are already cleared here
Navigator.of(context).pushReplacementNamed('/login'); // redirect to login page
}
} catch (e) {
// other api or client-side errors
}
App key based API
KakaoLink
KakaoLink API can be used after simply setting your native app key in KakaoContext since it is not a token-based API. Below is an example of sending KakaoLink message with custom template.
import 'package:kakao_flutter_sdk/main.dart';
Uri uri = await LinkClient.instance
.custom(16761, templateArgs: {"key1": "value1"});
await launchBrowserTab(uri);
SDK Architecture
Automatic token refreshing
Tokens are automatically refreshed on relveant api errors.
Dynamic User Agreement
There are
Customization
Documentation
Docs are generated by DartDoc and currently published under https://coderspinoza.github.io/kakao-flutter-sdk/. This documentation page is going to be maintained apart from the page that will be available on pub.dev
Development Guide
Defining Response Models
$ flutter packages pub run build_runner build --delete-conflicting-outputs
Libraries
- auth
- Provides OAuth API. [...]
- common
- Common library shared by all other libraries.
- link
- Provides KakaoLink API.
- push
- Provides Push API.
- story
- Provides KakaoStory API.
- talk
- Provides KakaoTalk API.
- template
- Provides a set of pre-defined templates for KakaoTalk and KakaoLink API.
- user
- Provides User API.


Namespace EmptyKeys.UserInterface.Input
Classes
ButtonInputListener
Implements listener for any button like input (bool state) with repeating capabilities
CanExecuteRoutedEventArgs
Arguments for Can Execute routed event
CommandBinding
Implements binding between routed command and event handler
CommandHelpers
Implements cache for commands and command register methods
ExecutedRoutedEventArgs
Arguments for Execute Routed event
Gamepad
Implements Game Pad device and stores input listeners
GamepadBinding
Implements binding for Game Pad input and Input Gesture
GamepadButtonEventArgs
Arguments for game pad button event
GamepadDPadInputListener
Implements input listener for gamepad dpad.
GamepadEventArgs
Implements base arguments for game pad events
GamepadGesture
Implements game pad gesture
GamepadHelp
Implements GamepadHelp class to support specific help on each control
GamepadMoveEventArgs
Arguments for game pad move event
GamepadMoveInputListener
Implements input listener for gamepad move events
GamepadTriggerEventArgs
Arguments for game pad trigger event
GamepadTriggerInputListener
Implements input listener for game pad trigger
InputBinding
Implements binding between Input Gesture and command
InputEventArgs
Base arguments for any input event arguments
InputGesture
Abstract class for any Input Gesture
InputLanguageManager
Implements input language specific features
InputListener<T>
Implements generic Input Listener
InputManager
Implements application input manager for game pad, mouse, keyboard and touch
KeyBinding
Implements input binding for keyboard keys
Keyboard
Implements keyboard device and routed events
KeyboardEventArgs
Base arguments for all keyboard related event arguments
KeyboardLayout
Implements default keyboard layout
KeyEventArgs
Arguments for key event
KeyGesture
Implement gesture for keyboard keys
KeyInputListener
Implements input listener for keyboard keys
Mouse
Implements mouse device and routed events
MouseBinding
Implements binding between mouse gesture and command
MouseButtonEventArgs
Arguments for mouse button event
MouseEventArgs
Base arguments for mouse events
MouseGesture
Implement input gesture for mouse
MouseWheelEventArgs
Arguments for mouse wheel event
MouseWheelInputListener
Implements input listener for mouse wheel
MoveInputListener
Implements input listener for move events
NullInputDevice
Implements Null device for input
RelayCommand
Implements command relaying by invoking defined action
RelayCommand<T>
Implements generic version of command relaying by invoking defined action
RepeatInputListener
Implements base repeat input listener, it repeats input event
RoutedCommand
Implements command routed through visual tree of elements
Touch
Implements Touch device and routed events
TouchEventArgs
Implements base arguments for touch events
TouchGesture
Implements input gesture for touch device
TouchGestureEventArgs
Arguments for touch gesture event
TouchGestureInputListener
Implements input listener for touch gestures
TouchInputListener
Implements Input Listener for touch device
VirtualKeyboardMapItem
Virtual Keyboard Map Item data for Virtual Keyboard control/map
Interfaces
ICommand
Command Interface
ICommandSource
Command Source interface
ICursorService
Describes Cursor Service for changing cursor type
IInputListener
Input Listener interface
Enums
CursorType
Describes mouse cursor types
GamepadInput
Enumeration of all types of game pad input
MapItemType
Types of virtual map item
ModifierKeys
Keyboard modifier keys
MouseAction
Mouse Actions
MouseButton
Mouse buttons
VirtualKeyboardMode
Modes for Virtual Keyboard control
Delegates
CanExecuteRoutedEventHandler
Event handler for routed commands
ExecutedRoutedEventHandler
Event handler for routed commands
GamepadButtonEventHandler
Event handler for gamepad button events
GamepadEventHandler
Event handler for generic gamepad events
GamepadMoveEventHandler
Event handler for gamepad move events
GamepadTriggerDelegate
Event handler for gamepad trigger listener
GamepadTriggerEventHandler
Event handler for gamepad trigger events
GestureDelegate
Event handler for touch gesture input listener
InputEventHandler
Event handler for generic input events
InputListener<T>.InputListenerGetCurrentValueDelegate
Input listener delegate for getting current value
InputListenerDelegate
Event handler for generic input listener events
KeyboardEventHandler
Event handler for generic keyboard events
KeyEventHandler
Event handler for key listener
KeyInputListenerDelegate
Event handler for key input events
MouseButtonEventHandler
Event handler for mouse button events
MouseEventHandler
Event handler for generic mouse events
MouseWheelDelegate
Event handler for mouse wheel listener
MouseWheelEventHandler
Event handler for mouse wheel events
MoveDelegate
Event handler for generic move listener
TouchEventHandler
Event handler for generic touch events
TouchGestureEventHandler
Event handler for touch gesture events


Adding new projects to wrap
If you don't have permissions to do something on this page, please open issue against https://github.com/mesonbuild/wrapweb/issues to let us know that you want to start new project.
Overview
The wrap provider service is a simple web service that makes it easy to download build definitions for projects. It works in much the same way as Debian: we take the unaltered upstream source package and add a new build system to it as a patch. These build systems are stored as Git repositories on Github. They only contain build definition files. You may also think of them as an overlay to upstream source.
Creator script
The WrapDB repository has a helper script to generate new repositories. The documentation below roughly explains what it does using plain shell commands.
Choosing the repository name
Wrapped subprojects are used much like external dependencies. Thus they should have the same name as the upstream projects. If the project provides a pkg-config file, then the repository name should be the same as the pkg-config name. Usually this is the name of the project, such as libpng
. Sometimes it is slightly different, however. As an example the libogg project's chosen pkg-config name is ogg
instead of libogg
, which is the reason why the repository is named plain ogg
.
Adding new project to the Wrap provider service
Each project gets its own repo. It is initialised like this:
git init
git add readme.txt
git commit -a -m 'Start of project foobar.'
git tag commit_zero -a -m 'A tag that helps get revision ids for releases.'
git remote add origin <repo url>
git push -u origin master
git push --tags
Note that this is the only commit that will ever be made to master branch. All other commits are done to branches.
Repo names must fully match this regexp: [a-z0-9._]+
.
Adding a new branch to an existing project
Create a new branch whose name matches the upstream release number.
git checkout master
git checkout -b 1.0.0
git push origin 1.0.0
(or from Github web page, remember to branch from master)
Branch names must fully match this regexp: [a-z0-9._]+
.
Adding a new release to an existing branch
Here is where the magic happens. Whenever a new commit is pushed into Github's project branch, a new wrap is generated with an incremented version number. All the old releases remain unaltered. New commits are always done via Github merge requests and must be reviewed by someone other than the submitter.
Note that your Git repo must not contain the subdirectory of the source release. That gets added automatically by the service. You also must not commit any source code from the original tarball into the wrap repository.
First you need to fork the repository to your own page. Then you can create the first Wrap commit that usually looks something like this.
tar xzf libfoo_1.0.0.tar.gz
git clone -b 1.0.0 git@github.com:yourusername/libfoo.git tmpdir
mv tmpdir/.git libfoo-1.0.0
rm -rf tmpdir
cd libfoo-1.0.0
git reset --hard
emacs upstream.wrap meson.build
<verify that your project builds and runs>
git add upstream.wrap meson.build
git commit -a -m 'Created wrap files for libfoo-1.0.0.'
git push origin 1.0.0
Now you can file a merge request. Remember to file it against branch 1.0.0 rather than master. Github should do this automatically.
Changes to original source
The point of a wrap is to provide the upstream project with as few changes as possible. Most projects should not contain anything more than a few Meson definition files. Sometimes it may be necessary to add a template header file or something similar. These should be held at a minimum.
It should especially be noted that there must not be any patches to functionality. All such changes must be submitted to upstream. You may also host your own Git repo with the changes if you wish. The Wrap system has native support for Git subprojects.
Reviewing wraps
The results of the search are


A blockchain solution
Enhanced Security
As it gets rid of the need for a central authority, no one can just simply change any characteristics of the network for their benefit. Using encryption ensures another layer of security for the system.
Immutability
It helps to ensure that the interconnected system will remain as it is – a permanent, unalterable network.
Decentralization
The network is decentralized meaning it doesn’t have any governing authority or a single person looking after the framework. Rather a group of nodes maintains the network making it decentralized.
Our model
Farmers
They are the heart of our system. Farmers harvest the crops and register the crop with its quantity on our system.
Farmer Producer Companies
FPCs are the heart of the system. They are an amalgamation of two entities, namely Buying Centres and Hubs. They buy produce from farmers and grade, sort and pack the produce.
Retailers
Retailers buy products from nearest hubs and sell them off to customers.
Customers
Hey Customer! Feel free to go through our system and trace the product you just bought to check its authenticity.


Create any form with multiple input styles, selects and options. You can use custom radio inputs, custom checkbox and switches.