| PERL5180DELTA(1) | Perl Programmers Reference Guide | PERL5180DELTA(1) |
If you are upgrading from an earlier release such as v5.14.0, first read perl5160delta, which describes differences between v5.14.0 and v5.16.0.
no warnings "experimental::feature_name"; use feature "feature_name"; # would warn without the prev line
There is a new warnings category, called "experimental", containing warnings that the feature pragma emits when enabling experimental features.
Newly-added experimental features will also be given special warning IDs, which consist of "experimental::" followed by the name of the feature. (The plan is to extend this mechanism eventually to all warnings, to allow them to be enabled or disabled individually, and not just by category.)
By saying
no warnings "experimental::feature_name";
you are taking responsibility for any breakage that future changes to, or removal of, the feature may cause.
Since some features (like "~~" or "my $_") now emit experimental warnings, and you may want to disable them in code that is also run on perls that do not recognize these warning categories, consider using the "if" pragma like this:
no if $] >= 5.018, warnings => "experimental::feature_name";
Existing experimental features may begin emitting these warnings, too. Please consult perlexperiment for information on which features are considered experimental.
By default, two distinct hash variables with identical keys and values may now provide their contents in a different order where it was previously identical.
When encountering these changes, the key to cleaning up from them is to accept that hashes are unordered collections and to act accordingly.
Hash randomization
The seed used by Perl's hash function is now random. This means that the order which keys/values will be returned from functions like "keys()", "values()", and "each()" will differ from run to run.
This change was introduced to make Perl's hashes more robust to algorithmic complexity attacks, and also because we discovered that it exposes hash ordering dependency bugs and makes them easier to track down.
Toolchain maintainers might want to invest in additional infrastructure to test for things like this. Running tests several times in a row and then comparing results will make it easier to spot hash order dependencies in code. Authors are strongly encouraged not to expose the key order of Perl's hashes to insecure audiences.
Further, every hash has its own iteration order, which should make it much more difficult to determine what the current hash seed is.
New hash functions
Perl v5.18 includes support for multiple hash functions, and changed the default (to ONE_AT_A_TIME_HARD), you can choose a different algorithm by defining a symbol at compile time. For a current list, consult the INSTALL document. Note that as of Perl v5.18 we can only recommend use of the default or SIPHASH. All the others are known to have security issues and are for research purposes only.
PERL_HASH_SEED environment variable now takes a hex value
"PERL_HASH_SEED" no longer accepts an integer as a parameter; instead the value is expected to be a binary value encoded in a hex string, such as "0xf5867c55039dc724". This is to make the infrastructure support hash seeds of arbitrary lengths, which might exceed that of an integer. (SipHash uses a 16 byte seed.)
PERL_PERTURB_KEYS environment variable added
The "PERL_PERTURB_KEYS" environment variable allows one to control the level of randomization applied to "keys" and friends.
When "PERL_PERTURB_KEYS" is 0, perl will not randomize the key order at all. The chance that "keys" changes due to an insert will be the same as in previous perls, basically only when the bucket size is changed.
When "PERL_PERTURB_KEYS" is 1, perl will randomize keys in a non-repeatable way. The chance that "keys" changes due to an insert will be very high. This is the most secure and default mode.
When "PERL_PERTURB_KEYS" is 2, perl will randomize keys in a repeatable way. Repeated runs of the same program should produce the same output every time.
"PERL_HASH_SEED" implies a non-default "PERL_PERTURB_KEYS" setting. Setting "PERL_HASH_SEED=0" (exactly one 0) implies "PERL_PERTURB_KEYS=0" (hash key randomization disabled); setting "PERL_HASH_SEED" to any other value implies "PERL_PERTURB_KEYS=2" (deterministic and repeatable hash key randomization). Specifying "PERL_PERTURB_KEYS" explicitly to a different level overrides this behavior.
Hash::Util::hash_seed() now returns a string
Hash::Util::hash_seed() now returns a string instead of an integer. This is to make the infrastructure support hash seeds of arbitrary lengths which might exceed that of an integer. (SipHash uses a 16 byte seed.)
Output of PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG has been changed
The environment variable PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG now makes perl show both the hash function perl was built with, and the seed, in hex, in use for that process. Code parsing this output, should it exist, must change to accommodate the new format. Example of the new format:
$ PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG=1 ./perl -e1 HASH_FUNCTION = MURMUR3 HASH_SEED = 0x1476bb9f
use 5.018; no warnings "experimental::lexical_subs"; use feature "lexical_subs";
You can now declare subroutines with "state sub foo", "my sub foo", and "our sub foo". ("state sub" requires that the "state" feature be enabled, unless you write it as "CORE::state sub foo".)
"state sub" creates a subroutine visible within the lexical scope in which it is declared. The subroutine is shared between calls to the outer sub.
"my sub" declares a lexical subroutine that is created each time the enclosing block is entered. "state sub" is generally slightly faster than "my sub".
"our sub" declares a lexical alias to the package subroutine of the same name.
For more information, see "Lexical Subroutines" in perlsub.
As some of these have prototypes, "prototype('CORE::...')" has been changed to not make a distinction between overridable and non-overridable keywords. This is to make "prototype('CORE::pos')" consistent with "prototype(&CORE::pos)".
This has been fixed, but it is still possible to invoke any method provided by "Locale::Maketext" itself or a subclass that you are using. One of these methods in turn will invoke the Perl core's "sprintf" subroutine.
In summary, allowing users to provide translation strings without auditing them is a bad idea.
This vulnerability is documented in CVE-2012-6329.
The flaw addressed to this commit has been assigned identifier CVE-2012-5195 and was researched by Tim Brown.
my $undraftable = "\N{4F}"; # Syntax error!
or to have commas anywhere in the name. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in charnames.
There is no longer any difference in the parsing of identifiers specified by using braces versus without braces. For instance, perl used to allow "${foo:bar}" (with a single colon) but not $foo:bar. Now that both are handled by a single code path, they are both treated the same way: both are forbidden. Note that this change is about the range of permissible literal identifiers, not other expressions.
"\s" in a regex now matches a vertical tab in all circumstances.
Literal vertical tabs in a regex literal are ignored when the "/x" modifier is used.
Leading vertical tabs, alone or mixed with other whitespace, are now ignored when interpreting a string as a number. For example:
$dec = " \cK \t 123"; $hex = " \cK \t 0xF"; say 0 + $dec; # was 0 with warning, now 123 say int $dec; # was 0, now 123 say oct $hex; # was 0, now 15
%_=(_,"Just another "); $_="Perl hacker,\n"; s//_}->{_/e;print
Warnings will now be issued when the parser sees "~~", "given", or "when". To disable these warnings, you can add this line to the appropriate scope:
no if $] >= 5.018, warnings => "experimental::smartmatch";
Consider, though, replacing the use of these features, as they may change behavior again before becoming stable.
It is our hope that lexical $_ can be rehabilitated, but this may cause changes in its behavior. Please use it with caution until it becomes stable.
Now, N characters are read instead.
There is no change in behaviour when reading from streams with no extra layers, since bytes map exactly to characters.
m/a/and 1
Instead you must write
m/a/ and 1
with whitespace separating the operator from the closing delimiter of the regular expression. Not having whitespace has resulted in a deprecation warning since Perl v5.14.0.
This side effect of "qw" has now been abolished. It has been deprecated since Perl v5.13.11. It is now necessary to use real parentheses everywhere that the grammar calls for them.
$*; # deprecation warning use warnings "void"; $#; # void warning; no deprecation warning
Now, the "debugging", "deprecated", "glob", "inplace" and "malloc" warnings categories are left on when turning on lexical warnings (unless they are turned off by "no warnings", of course).
This may cause deprecation warnings to occur in code that used to be free of warnings.
Those are the only categories consisting only of default warnings. Default warnings in other categories are still disabled by "use warnings "category"", as we do not yet have the infrastructure for controlling individual warnings.
In this release, when assigning to %ENV, values are immediately stringified, and converted to be only a byte string.
First, it is forced to be only a string. Then if the string is utf8 and the equivalent of "utf8::downgrade()" works, that result is used; otherwise, the equivalent of "utf8::encode()" is used, and a warning is issued about wide characters ("Diagnostics").
The core versions of these modules will now issue "deprecated"-category warnings to alert you to this fact. To silence these deprecation warnings, install the modules in question from CPAN.
Note that these are (with rare exceptions) fine modules that you are encouraged to continue to use. Their disinclusion from core primarily hinges on their necessity to bootstrapping a fully functional, CPAN-capable Perl installation, not usually on concerns over their design.
For using non-ASCII literal characters in source text, please refer to utf8. For dealing with textual I/O data, please refer to Encode and open.
U+0085 NEXT LINE U+200E LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK U+200F RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK U+2028 LINE SEPARATOR U+2029 PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR
See "Character classes" in perlapi. The complete list is:
"is_uni_alnum", "is_uni_alnumc", "is_uni_alnumc_lc", "is_uni_alnum_lc", "is_uni_alpha", "is_uni_alpha_lc", "is_uni_ascii", "is_uni_ascii_lc", "is_uni_blank", "is_uni_blank_lc", "is_uni_cntrl", "is_uni_cntrl_lc", "is_uni_digit", "is_uni_digit_lc", "is_uni_graph", "is_uni_graph_lc", "is_uni_idfirst", "is_uni_idfirst_lc", "is_uni_lower", "is_uni_lower_lc", "is_uni_print", "is_uni_print_lc", "is_uni_punct", "is_uni_punct_lc", "is_uni_space", "is_uni_space_lc", "is_uni_upper", "is_uni_upper_lc", "is_uni_xdigit", "is_uni_xdigit_lc", "is_utf8_alnum", "is_utf8_alnumc", "is_utf8_alpha", "is_utf8_ascii", "is_utf8_blank", "is_utf8_char", "is_utf8_cntrl", "is_utf8_digit", "is_utf8_graph", "is_utf8_idcont", "is_utf8_idfirst", "is_utf8_lower", "is_utf8_mark", "is_utf8_perl_space", "is_utf8_perl_word", "is_utf8_posix_digit", "is_utf8_print", "is_utf8_punct", "is_utf8_space", "is_utf8_upper", "is_utf8_xdigit", "is_utf8_xidcont", "is_utf8_xidfirst".
In addition these three functions that have never worked properly are deprecated: "to_uni_lower_lc", "to_uni_title_lc", and "to_uni_upper_lc".
m{foo} s(foo)(bar)
Since they are metacharacters, they have special meaning to regular expression patterns, and it turns out that you can't turn off that special meaning by the normal means of preceding them with a backslash, if you use them, paired, within a pattern delimited by them. For example, in
m{foo\{1,3\}}
the backslashes do not change the behavior, and this matches "f o" followed by one to three more occurrences of "o".
Usages like this, where they are interpreted as metacharacters, are exceedingly rare; we think there are none, for example, in all of CPAN. Hence, this deprecation should affect very little code. It does give notice, however, that any such code needs to change, which will in turn allow us to change the behavior in future Perl versions so that the backslashes do have an effect, and without fear that we are silently breaking any existing code.
PerlIO supports a "stdio" layer if stdio use is desired. Similarly a sfio layer could be produced in the future, if needed.
Both Windows CE and z/OS have been historically under-maintained, and are currently neither successfully building nor regularly being smoke tested. Efforts are underway to change this situation, but it should not be taken for granted that the platforms are safe and supported. If they do not become buildable and regularly smoked, support for them may be actively removed in future releases. If you have an interest in these platforms and you can lend your time, expertise, or hardware to help support these platforms, please let the perl development effort know by emailing<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Some platforms that appear otherwise entirely dead are also on the short list for removal between now and v5.20.0:
We also think it likely that current versions of Perl will no longer build AmigaOS, DJGPP, NetWare (natively), OS/2 and Plan 9. If you are using Perl on such a platform and have an interest in ensuring Perl's future on them, please contact us.
We believe that Perl has long been unable to build on mixed endian architectures (such as PDP-11s), and intend to remove any remaining support code. Similarly, code supporting the long umaintained GNU dld will be removed soon if no-one makes themselves known as an active user.
Perl has supported the idiom of swapping $< and $> (and likewise $( and $)) to temporarily drop permissions since 5.0, like this:
($<, $>) = ($>, $<);
However, this idiom modifies the real user/group id, which can have undesirable side-effects, is no longer useful on any platform perl supports and complicates the implementation of these variables and list assignment in general.
As an alternative, assignment only to $> is recommended:
local $> = $<;
See also: Setuid Demystified <http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~daw/papers/setuid-usenix02.pdf>.
There are several bugs and inconsistencies involving combinations of "\Q" and escapes like "\x", "\L", etc., within a "\Q...\E" pair. These need to be fixed, and doing so will necessarily change current behavior. The changes have not yet been settled.
Do not enable this unless you know exactly what you are getting yourself into.
$ corelist --diff 5.16.0 5.18.0
You can substitute your favorite version in place of 5.16.0, too.
Work around an edge case on Linux with Busybox's unzip.
ptar now supports the -T option as well as dashless options [rt.cpan.org #75473], [rt.cpan.org #75475].
Auto-encode filenames marked as UTF-8 [rt.cpan.org #75474].
Don't use "tell" on IO::Zlib handles [rt.cpan.org #64339].
Don't try to "chown" on symlinks.
"autodie" now plays nicely with the 'open' pragma.
The "stashoff" method of COPs has been added. This provides access to an internal field added in perl 5.16 under threaded builds [perl #113034].
"B::COP::stashpv" now supports UTF-8 package names and embedded NULs.
All "CVf_*" and "GVf_*" and more SV-related flag values are now provided as constants in the "B::" namespace and available for export. The default export list has not changed.
This makes the module work with the new pad API.
The "-nobanner" option has been fixed, and "format"s can now be dumped. When passed a sub name to dump, it will check also to see whether it is the name of a format. If a sub and a format share the same name, it will dump both.
This adds support for the new "OpMAYBE_TRUEBOOL" and "OPpTRUEBOOL" flags.
This adds support (experimentally) for "B::PADLIST", which was added in Perl 5.17.4.
Avoid warning when run under "perl -w".
It now deparses loop controls with the correct precedence, and multiple statements in a "format" line are also now deparsed correctly.
This release suppresses trailing semicolons in formats.
This release adds stub deparsing for lexical subroutines.
It no longer dies when deparsing "sort" without arguments. It now correctly omits the comma for "system $prog @args" and "exec $prog @args".
The overrides for "hex" and "oct" have been rewritten, eliminating several problems, and making one incompatible change:
Carp is no longer confused when "caller" returns undef for a package that has been deleted.
The "longmess()" and "shortmess()" functions are now documented.
Unrecognized HTML escape sequences are now handled better, problematic trailing newlines are no longer inserted after <form> tags by "startform()" or "start_form()", and bogus "Insecure Dependency" warnings appearing with some versions of perl are now worked around.
The constructor now respects overridden accessor methods [perl #29230].
The misuse of Perl's "magic" API has been fixed.
Upgrade bundled zlib to version 1.2.7.
Fix build failures on Irix, Solaris, and Win32, and also when building as C++ [rt.cpan.org #69985], [rt.cpan.org #77030], [rt.cpan.org #75222].
The misuse of Perl's "magic" API has been fixed.
"compress()", "uncompress()", "memGzip()" and "memGunzip()" have been speeded up by making parameter validation more efficient.
Treat undef requirements to "from_string_hash" as 0 (with a warning).
Added "requirements_for_module" method.
Allow adding blib/script to PATH.
Save the history between invocations of the shell.
Handle multiple "makemakerargs" and "makeflags" arguments better.
This resolves issues with the SQLite source engine.
It has been optimized to only build a seen-scalar hash as necessary, thereby speeding up serialization drastically.
Additional tests were added in order to improve statement, branch, condition and subroutine coverage. On the basis of the coverage analysis, some of the internals of Dumper.pm were refactored. Almost all methods are now documented.
The main Perl module no longer uses the "@_" construct.
This fixes compilation with C++ compilers and makes the module work with the new pad API.
Fix "Digest::Perl::MD5" OO fallback [rt.cpan.org #66634].
This fixes a double-free bug, which might have caused vulnerabilities in some cases.
This is due to a minor code change in the XS for the VMS implementation.
This fixes warnings about using "CODE" sections without an "OUTPUT" section.
The Mac alias x-mac-ce has been added, and various bugs have been fixed in Encode::Unicode, Encode::UTF7 and Encode::GSM0338.
Its SPLICE implementation no longer misbehaves in list context.
Manifest files are now correctly embedded for those versions of VC++ which make use of them. [perl #111782, #111798].
A list of symbols to export can now be passed to "link()" when on Windows, as on other OSes [perl #115100].
The generated C code now avoids unnecessarily incrementing "PL_amagic_generation" on Perl versions where it's done automatically (or on current Perl where the variable no longer exists).
This avoids a bogus warning for initialised XSUB non-parameters [perl #112776].
"copy()" no longer zeros files when copying into the same directory, and also now fails (as it has long been documented to do) when attempting to copy a file over itself.
The internal cache of file names that it keeps for each caller is now freed when that caller is freed. This means "use File::DosGlob 'glob'; eval 'scalar <*>'" no longer leaks memory.
Added the 'file_default' option for URLs that do not have a file component.
Use "File::HomeDir" when available, and provide "PERL5_CPANPLUS_HOME" to override the autodetection.
Always re-fetch CHECKSUMS if "fetchdir" is set.
This fixes inconsistent unixy path handling on VMS.
Individual files may now appear in list of directories to be searched [perl #59750].
File::Glob has had exactly the same fix as File::DosGlob. Since it is what Perl's own "glob" operator itself uses (except on VMS), this means "eval 'scalar <*>'" no longer leaks.
A space-separated list of patterns return long lists of results no longer results in memory corruption or crashes. This bug was introduced in Perl 5.16.0. [perl #114984]
"abs2rel" could produce incorrect results when given two relative paths or the root directory twice [perl #111510].
"File::stat" ignores the filetest pragma, and warns when used in combination therewith. But it was not warning for "-r". This has been fixed [perl #111640].
"-p" now works, and does not return false for pipes [perl #111638].
Previously "File::stat"'s overloaded "-x" and "-X" operators did not give the correct results for directories or executable files when running as root. They had been treating executable permissions for root just like for any other user, performing group membership tests etc for files not owned by root. They now follow the correct Unix behaviour - for a directory they are always true, and for a file if any of the three execute permission bits are set then they report that root can execute the file. Perl's builtin "-x" and "-X" operators have always been correct.
Fixes various bugs involving directory removal. Defers unlinking tempfiles if the initial unlink fails, which fixes problems on NFS.
The undocumented optional fifth parameter to "TIEHASH" has been removed. This was intended to provide control of the callback used by "gdbm*" functions in case of fatal errors (such as filesystem problems), but did not work (and could never have worked). No code on CPAN even attempted to use it. The callback is now always the previous default, "croak". Problems on some platforms with how the "C" "croak" function is called have also been resolved.
"hash_unlocked" and "hashref_unlocked" now returns true if the hash is unlocked, instead of always returning false [perl #112126].
"hash_unlocked", "hashref_unlocked", "lock_hash_recurse" and "unlock_hash_recurse" are now exportable [perl #112126].
Two new functions, "hash_locked" and "hashref_locked", have been added. Oddly enough, these two functions were already exported, even though they did not exist [perl #112126].
Add SSL verification features [github #6], [github #9].
Include the final URL in the response hashref.
Add "local_address" option.
This improves SSL support.
"sync()" can now be called on read-only file handles [perl #64772].
IO::Socket tries harder to cache or otherwise fetch socket information.
Use "POSIX::_exit" instead of "exit" in "run_forked" [rt.cpan.org #76901].
The "open3()" function no longer uses "POSIX::close()" to close file descriptors since that breaks the ref-counting of file descriptors done by PerlIO in cases where the file descriptors are shared by PerlIO streams, leading to attempts to close the file descriptors a second time when any such PerlIO streams are closed later on.
It includes some new codes.
Fix the "MERGE" cache option.
Fixed bug where modules without $VERSION might have a version of '0' listed in 'provides' metadata, which will be rejected by PAUSE.
Fixed bug in PodParser to allow numerals in module names.
Fixed bug where giving arguments twice led to them becoming arrays, resulting in install paths like ARRAY(0xdeadbeef)/lib/Foo.pm.
A minor bug fix allows markup to be used around the leading "Name" in a POD "abstract" line, and some documentation improvements have been made.
Version information is now stored as a delta, which greatly reduces the size of the CoreList.pm file.
This restores compatibility with older versions of perl and cleans up the corelist data for various modules.
Fix use of "requires" on perls installed to a path with spaces.
Various enhancements include the new use of Module::Metadata.
The creation of a Module::Metadata object for a typical module file has been sped up by about 40%, and some spurious warnings about $VERSIONs have been suppressed.

This fixes some test failures on Windows.
Reflect the removal of the boolkeys opcode and the addition of the clonecv, introcv and padcv opcodes.
"no overload" now warns for invalid arguments, just like "use overload".
This is the module implementing the ":encoding(...)" I/O layer. It no longer corrupts memory or crashes when the encoding back-end reallocates the buffer or gives it a typeglob or shared hash key scalar.
The buffer scalar supplied may now only contain code points 0xFF or lower. [perl #109828]
This fixes a bug detecting the VOS operating system.
The option "--libpods" has been reinstated. It is deprecated, and its use does nothing other than issue a warning that it is no longer supported.
Since the HTML files generated by pod2html claim to have a UTF-8 charset, actually write the files out using UTF-8 [perl #111446].
Numerous improvements have been made, mostly to Pod::Simple::XHTML, which also has a compatibility change: the "codes_in_verbatim" option is now disabled by default. See cpan/Pod-Simple/ChangeLog for the full details.
Single character [class]es like "/[s]/" or "/[s]/i" are now optimized as if they did not have the brackets, i.e. "/s/" or "/s/i".
See note about "op_comp" in the "Internal Changes" section below.
Fix interactions with "Devel::Cover".
Don't eval code under "no strict".
Fix an overloading issue with "sum".
"first" and "reduce" now check the callback first (so &first(1) is disallowed).
Fix "tainted" on magical values [rt.cpan.org #55763].
Fix "sum" on previously magical values [rt.cpan.org #61118].
Fix reading past the end of a fixed buffer [rt.cpan.org #72700].
No longer require "stat" on filehandles.
Use "fc" for casefolding.
Constants and functions required for IP multicast source group membership have been added.
"unpack_sockaddr_in()" and "unpack_sockaddr_in6()" now return just the IP address in scalar context, and "inet_ntop()" now guards against incorrect length scalars being passed in.
This fixes an uninitialized memory read.
Modifying $_[0] within "STORABLE_freeze" no longer results in crashes [perl #112358].
An object whose class implements "STORABLE_attach" is now thawed only once when there are multiple references to it in the structure being thawed [perl #111918].
Restricted hashes were not always thawed correctly [perl #73972].
Storable would croak when freezing a blessed REF object with a "STORABLE_freeze()" method [perl #113880].
It can now freeze and thaw vstrings correctly. This causes a slight incompatible change in the storage format, so the format version has increased to 2.9.
This contains various bugfixes, including compatibility fixes for older versions of Perl and vstring handling.
This contains several bug fixes relating to "getservbyname()", "setlogsock()"and log levels in "syslog()", together with fixes for Windows, Haiku-OS and GNU/kFreeBSD. See cpan/Sys-Syslog/Changes for the full details.
Add support for italics.
Improve error handling.
Fix glob semantics on Win32 [rt.cpan.org #49732].
Don't use "Win32::GetShortPathName" when calling perl [rt.cpan.org #47890].
Ignore -T when reading shebang [rt.cpan.org #64404].
Handle the case where we don't know the wait status of the test more gracefully.
Make the test summary 'ok' line overridable so that it can be changed to a plugin to make the output of prove idempotent.
Don't run world-writable files.
This adds the option to warn about or ignore attempts to clone structures that can't be cloned, as opposed to just unconditionally dying in that case.
This adds support for dual-valued values as created by Scalar::Util::dualvar.
"READ" now respects the offset argument to "read" [perl #112826].
Seconds values greater than 59 but less than 60 no longer cause "timegm()" and "timelocal()" to croak.
This adds a function all_casefolds() that returns all the casefolds.
New APIs have been added for getting and setting the current code page.
perldata
perldiag
perlfaq
perlfunc
perlop
Diagnostics
The following additions or changes have been made to diagnostic output, including warnings and fatal error messages. For the complete list of diagnostic messages, see perldiag.
This message now occurs when a here document label has an initial quotation mark but the final quotation mark is missing.
This replaces a bogus and misleading error message about not finding the label itself [perl #114104].
This error is thrown when a child pseudo-process in the ithreads implementation on Windows was not scheduled within the time period allowed and therefore was not able to initialize properly [perl #88840].
This error has been added for "(?&0)", which is invalid. It used to produce an incomprehensible error message [perl #101666].
Calling an undefined value as a subroutine now produces this error message. It used to, but was accidentally disabled, first in Perl 5.004 for non-magical variables, and then in Perl v5.14 for magical (e.g., tied) variables. It has now been restored. In the mean time, undef was treated as an empty string [perl #113576].
To use lexical subs, you must first enable them:
no warnings 'experimental::lexical_subs'; use feature 'lexical_subs'; my sub foo { ... }
New Warnings
(W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval is attempting to capture an outer lexical subroutine that is not currently available. This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the lexical subroutine may be declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that has not yet been created. (Remember that named subs are created at compile time, while anonymous subs are created at run-time.)  Conversely, the following won't give a warning since the anonymous subroutine has by now been created and is live:
sub { my sub a {...} eval 'sub f { \&a }' }->();
The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that has gone out of scope, for example,
sub f { my sub a {...} sub { eval '\&a' } } f()->();
Here, when the '\&a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not currently being executed, so its &a is not available for capture.
(W misc) A "my" or "state" subroutine has been redeclared in the current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to the previous instance. This is almost always a typographical error. Note that the earlier subroutine will still exist until the end of the scope or until all closure references to it are destroyed.
(S experimental) This warning is emitted if you enable an experimental feature via "use feature". Simply suppress the warning if you want to use the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking the risk of using an experimental feature which may change or be removed in a future Perl version:
no warnings "experimental::lexical_subs"; use feature "lexical_subs";
(W overflow) You called "sleep" with a number that was larger than it can reliably handle and "sleep" probably slept for less time than requested.
Attempts to put wide characters into environment variables via %ENV now provoke this warning.
"chr()" now warns when passed a negative value [perl #83048].
"srand()" now warns when passed a value that doesn't fit in a "UV" (since the value will be truncated rather than overflowing) [perl #40605].
Running perl with the "-i" flag now warns if no input files are provided on the command line [perl #113410].
The warning that use of $* and $# is no longer supported is now generated for every location that references them. Previously it would fail to be generated if another variable using the same typeglob was seen first (e.g. "@*" before $*), and would not be generated for the second and subsequent uses. (It's hard to fix the failure to generate warnings at all without also generating them every time, and warning every time is consistent with the warnings that $[ used to generate.)
Constant overloading that returns "undef" results in this error message. For numeric constants, it used to say "Constant(undef)". "undef" has been replaced with the number itself.
This warning was not suppressible, even with "no warnings". Now it is suppressible, and has been moved from the "internal" category to the "printf" category.
This fatal error has been turned into a warning that reads:
Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex
(W regexp) Minima should be less than or equal to maxima. If you really want your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}.
When set, it includes 'api_versionstring' in 'archname'. E.g. x86_64-linux-5.13.6-thread-multi. It is unset by default.
This feature was requested by Tim Bunce, who observed that "INSTALL_BASE" creates a library structure that does not differentiate by perl version. Instead, it places architecture specific files in "$install_base/lib/perl5/$archname". This makes it difficult to use a common "INSTALL_BASE" library path with multiple versions of perl.
By setting "-Duseversionedarchname", the $archname will be distinct for architecture and API version, allowing mixed use of "INSTALL_BASE".
If "PERL_NO_INLINE_FUNCTIONS" is defined, don't include "inline.h"
This permits test code to include the perl headers for definitions without creating a link dependency on the perl library (which may not exist yet).
Configure now always adds "-qlanglvl=extc99" to the CC flags on AIX when using xlC. This will make it easier to compile a number of XS-based modules that assume C99 [perl #113778].
clang++
There is now a workaround for a compiler bug that prevented compiling with clang++ since Perl v5.15.7 [perl #112786].
C++
When compiling the Perl core as C++ (which is only semi-supported), the mathom functions are now compiled as "extern "C"", to ensure proper binary compatibility. (However, binary compatibility isn't generally guaranteed anyway in the situations where this would matter.)
Darwin
Stop hardcoding an alignment on 8 byte boundaries to fix builds using -Dusemorebits.
Haiku
Perl should now work out of the box on Haiku R1 Alpha 4.
MidnightBSD
"libc_r" was removed from recent versions of MidnightBSD and older versions work better with "pthread". Threading is now enabled using "pthread" which corrects build errors with threading enabled on 0.4-CURRENT.
Solaris
In Configure, avoid running sed commands with flags not supported on Solaris.
VMS
Win32
Perl no longer mangles the environment block, e.g. when launching a new sub-process, when the environment contains non-ASCII characters. Known problems still remain, however, when the environment contains characters outside of the current ANSI codepage (e.g. see the item about Unicode in %ENV in <http://perl5.git.perl.org/perl.git/blob/HEAD:/Porting/todo.pod>). [perl #113536]
Machine code size reductions, already made to the DLLs of XS modules in Perl v5.17.2, have now been extended to the perl DLL itself.
Building with VC++ 6.0 was inadvertently broken in Perl v5.17.2 but has now been fixed again.
WinCE
Building on WinCE is now possible once again, although more work is required to fully restore a clean build.
So this is now a syntax error:
if (!SvUPGRADE(sv)) { croak(...); }
If you have code like that, simply replace it with
SvUPGRADE(sv);
or to avoid compiler warnings with older perls, possibly
(void)SvUPGRADE(sv);
It can be enabled in a perl build by running Configure with -Accflags=-DPERL_NEW_COPY_ON_WRITE, and we would encourage XS authors to try their code with such an enabled perl, and provide feedback. Unfortunately, there is not yet a good guide to updating XS code to cope with COW. Until such a document is available, consult the perl5-porters mailing list.
It breaks a few XS modules by allowing copy-on-write scalars to go through code paths that never encountered them before.
Use the SvIsCOW macro (as before) to identify a copy-on-write scalar.
"PADLIST"s are now longer "AV"s, but their own type instead. "PADLIST"s now contain a "PAD" and a "PADNAMELIST" of "PADNAME"s, rather than "AV"s for the pad and the list of pad names. "PAD"s, "PADNAMELIST"s, and "PADNAME"s are to be accessed as such through the newly added pad API instead of the plain "AV" and "SV" APIs. See perlapi for details.
The staleness of the overload tables is now checked when overload methods are invoked, rather than during "bless".
"A" magic is gone. The changes to the handling of the "SVf_AMAGIC" flag eliminate the need for it.
"PL_amagic_generation" has been removed as no longer necessary. For XS modules, it is now a macro alias to "PL_na".
The fallback overload setting is now stored in a stash entry separate from overloadedness itself.
Commit da6b625f78f5f133 in August 2011 inadvertently broke the code that looks up values in "PL_stashcache". As it's only a cache, quite correctly everything carried on working without it.
$_ = 'x' x 1_000_000; 1 while /(.)/;
used to skip the buffer copy for performance reasons, but suffered from $1 etc changing if the original string changed. That's now been fixed.
Objects that were created before a class had any overloading used to remain non-overloaded even if the class gained overloading through "use overload" or @ISA changes, and even after "bless". This has been fixed [perl #112708].
/(?{ $x='{' })/
This means that this error message is no longer generated:
Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced in regex
but a new error may be seen:
Sequence (?{...}) not terminated with ')'
In addition, literal code blocks within run-time patterns are only compiled once, at perl compile-time:
for my $p (...) { # this 'FOO' block of code is compiled once, # at the same time as the surrounding 'for' loop /$p{(?{FOO;})/; }
for my $i (0..2) { push @r, qr/^(??{$i})$/; } "1" =~ $r[1]; # matches
my $r = qr/abc(?{....})def/; /xyz$r/;
my $code = '(??{$x})'; for my $x (1..3) { # recompile to see fresh value of $x each time $x =~ /$code/; }
"AB" =~ /a(??{'b'})/i;
use re 'eval'; $c = '(?{ warn "foo" })'; /$c/; /(?{ warn "foo" })/;
formerly gave:
foo at (re_eval 1) line 1. foo at (re_eval 2) line 1.
and now gives:
foo at (eval 1) line 1. foo at /some/prog line 2.
This mirrors the behaviour of the hash iterator when the hash is cleared.
The interaction of UTF8-flagged strings and %ENV on HP-UX 11.00 is currently dodgy in some not-yet-fully-diagnosed way. Expect test failures in t/op/magic.t, followed by unknown behavior when storing wide characters in the environment.
Perl continues to flourish into its third decade thanks to a vibrant community of users and developers. The following people are known to have contributed the improvements that became Perl v5.18.0:
Aaron Crane, Aaron Trevena, Abhijit Menon-Sen, Adrian M. Enache, Alan Haggai Alavi, Alexandr Ciornii, Andrew Tam, Andy Dougherty, Anton Nikishaev, Aristotle Pagaltzis, Augustina Blair, Bob Ernst, Brad Gilbert, Breno G. de Oliveira, Brian Carlson, Brian Fraser, Charlie Gonzalez, Chip Salzenberg, Chris 'BinGOs' Williams, Christian Hansen, Colin Kuskie, Craig A. Berry, Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsaaker, Daniel Dragan, Daniel Perrett, Darin McBride, Dave Rolsky, David Golden, David Leadbeater, David Mitchell, David Nicol, Dominic Hargreaves, E. Choroba, Eric Brine, Evan Miller, Father Chrysostomos, Florian Ragwitz, Francois Perrad, George Greer, Goro Fuji, H.Merijn Brand, Herbert Breunung, Hugo van der Sanden, Igor Zaytsev, James E Keenan, Jan Dubois, Jasmine Ahuja, Jerry D. Hedden, Jess Robinson, Jesse Luehrs, Joaquin Ferrero, Joel Berger, John Goodyear, John Peacock, Karen Etheridge, Karl Williamson, Karthik Rajagopalan, Kent Fredric, Leon Timmermans, Lucas Holt, Lukas Mai, Marcus Holland-Moritz, Markus Jansen, Martin Hasch, Matthew Horsfall, Max Maischein, Michael G Schwern, Michael Schroeder, Moritz Lenz, Nicholas Clark, Niko Tyni, Oleg Nesterov, Patrik Haegglund, Paul Green, Paul Johnson, Paul Marquess, Peter Martini, Rafael Garcia-Suarez, Reini Urban, Renee Baecker, Rhesa Rozendaal, Ricardo Signes, Robin Barker, Ronald J. Kimball, Ruslan Zakirov, Salvador Fandin~o, Sawyer X, Scott Lanning, Sergey Alekseev, Shawn M Moore, Shirakata Kentaro, Shlomi Fish, Sisyphus, Smylers, Steffen Mueller, Steve Hay, Steve Peters, Steven Schubiger, Sullivan Beck, Sven Strickroth, Sebastien Aperghis-Tramoni, Thomas Sibley, Tobias Leich, Tom Wyant, Tony Cook, Vadim Konovalov, Vincent Pit, Volker Schatz, Walt Mankowski, Yves Orton, Zefram.
The list above is almost certainly incomplete as it is automatically generated from version control history. In particular, it does not include the names of the (very much appreciated) contributors who reported issues to the Perl bug tracker.
Many of the changes included in this version originated in the CPAN modules included in Perl's core. We're grateful to the entire CPAN community for helping Perl to flourish.
For a more complete list of all of Perl's historical contributors, please see the AUTHORS file in the Perl source distribution.
If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the perlbug program included with your release. Be sure to trim your bug down to a tiny but sufficient test case. Your bug report, along with the output of "perl -V", will be sent off to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>to be analysed by the Perl porting team.
If the bug you are reporting has security implications, which make it inappropriate to send to a publicly archived mailing list, then please send it to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>This points to a closed subscription unarchived mailing list, which includes all the core committers, who will be able to help assess the impact of issues, figure out a resolution, and help co-ordinate the release of patches to mitigate or fix the problem across all platforms on which Perl is supported. Please only use this address for security issues in the Perl core, not for modules independently distributed on CPAN.
The INSTALL file for how to build Perl.
The README file for general stuff.
The Artistic and Copying files for copyright information.
| 2019-10-21 | perl v5.30.3 |


A bold reimagining of access to non-emergency public services
Overview
HelpNow is imagined as an alternative to 911 for people experiencing homelessness and food shortage issues. It allows individuals to locate assistance in Charlotte, NC. From homeless shelters and soup kitchens to pet care and healthcare,
HelpNow can be used to search, find, and navigate countless resources in the city.
This is a graduate school project for the class Human-Centered Design. The app focuses on achieving a stellar UI and seamless user experience.
Roles
User Research, UX Design, UI Design
Time
12 Weeks
Ideation
“Apps for homeless people” might sound a bit weird. But cheap smartphones, outreach programs, and youth homelessness mean that many people have a phone but no home. (As of 2011, almost two thirds of homeless youth owned a cell phone.)
And in several cities, they can use mobile apps to find food, shelter, and other resources.
A running theme in the news coverage of apps for Social Welfare is that they’re underused, and our preliminary research showed that it is because of poor User Experience. (Many apps never even get past the institutional resistance
and regulation.) Instead, people keep calling already overloaded city services, or even the police. So considering all the factors, the overall objective of our application is to help homeless, displaced, and in-need individuals
find shelter and food services efficiently and effectively.
Research
After deciding on our design topic, our first step was to start doing some research.
We interviewed stakeholders on all sides of the issue, from homeless individuals to shelter managers and policy shapers in oversight organizations.
We also conducted a literature review of peer reviewed academic journals, newspaper articles, radio broadcast transcripts, and articles found online in order to gain background knowledge on issues surrounding homelessness, technology use, and shelter
finding experiences.
We rounded out the research with a survey of 22 homeless individuals who we encountered on the streets and in homeless shelters.
We developed a simple survey and distributed it to local homeless shelters as well as those we met on the street
Shelter Administrators : Are frustrated with the manual process of matching people with shelters
Right now “you can only call in one day of the week. The calling hours might open at 9 am and by 10 all the appointments for that week are booked.”
The current wait time for the 800+ families in the family housing connection queue is “upwards of a few months.”
There is a lack of transparency for client information resulting in possible duplication of services across agencies
Poor communication between agencies is limiting collaboration.
Interviewees reported that the current system has “has removed our ability to share information and collaborate with each other” between agencies.
Most shelter organizations use their own systems to track client intake and information.
Homeless/clients:
Do not have a lot of autonomy or control over the housing placement process.
Lack of knowledge about all the available services in the city.
Are frustrated with the current system’s slow intake and processing times.
We were surprised to learn that so many of the homeless individuals we surveyed had regular access to technology, including smart phones and computers.
A running theme in the news coverage of apps for Social Welfare is that they’re underused, and our preliminary research showed that it is because of poor User Experience. (Many apps never even get past the institutional resistance and
regulation.) Instead, people keep calling already overloaded city services, or even the police. So considering all the factors, the overall objective of our application is to help homeless, displaced, and in-need individuals find shelter
and food services efficiently and effectively.
Design Goals
Our App focuses on the features intended for our primary user base, people in need of food and/or shelter. The design goals for the prototype include:
Helping people in need efficiently find food and shelter services information.
Developing a simple and easy-to-use interface that allows users to discover what’s available in their area, and search/filter based on their needs.
Providing real-time updates and information on available shelters and food resources (e.g. what is currently open).
Eventually, we hope a fully-functional version of our application would also be used by employees of relevant service organizations, such as soup kitchens and homeless shelters. Future design goals for our application include:
Giving shelters and food banks a medium to disseminate information about their services, updates, and announcements.
Developing a simple interface so organizations can easily provide status information and updates in real-time.
Design Description & Design Rationale
Our target user demographic greatly influenced our decision to design our prototype as a public, interactive, touch-screen display. Through our initial needfinding studies, we found that almost all our participants who were temporarily
displaced or homeless had access to technology and internet (through personal, shared, or public devices). However, we realized this is only a small sample of our target user base. For many others, access to technology and/or the internet
is a luxury they cannot afford.
We chose to test our high fidelity prototype in Charlotte, North Carolina. Using the city as the test market for the prototype, we found that many food banks and shelters are located in and around the center-city, uptown neighborhoods.
Similarly in other larger cities, these resources and services are often clustered in metropolitan areas. Higher homeless populations are correlated in these densely-population urban areas: in North Carolina, the city of Charlotte
accounts for most of the state’s homelessness by population numbers and percentage of general population (source: National Alliance to End Homelessness). Ideally, our public display would be installed in a highly-populated metro area,
where: 1: it is easily accessible to large populations of displaced and homeless individuals, and 2: it is in close proximity to numerous shelter and food services. Keeping this in mind, additional design rationale breaks down as follows:
Touch screens are fairly simple to operate.
More accessible and more useful: providing a public display means users without personal/shared technology devices can still access our application.
Information and updates can be set to roll and displayed automatically, so everyone using our application will simultaneously get real-time statuses and information.
We initially considered three prototypes: website, kiosk, and public display. Of the three, the public display had the best visibility, usefulness, discoverability, and ease of use.
Sample Wireframes
Personas & Story Boards
With the goal feature in mind, we needed to understand how users could approach this feature. How would they interact differently on a desktop compared to a mobile device? We developed and used a primary persona: Jake, and two secondary
personas as tools for this process. A main takeaway from this was the minimum required pages we would need for our first prototype.
here
Information & System Architecture
Information architecture (IA) is all about organization of information in a clear and logical way. Such organization follows a clear purpose — helping users navigate complex sets of information. The challenge when building IA is
in understanding how your app or website actually works from the user’s perspective, and how to organize that information into a readable, legible format. There are two major requirements for actually constructing IA: organizing
it through a visual hierarchy (that is, a hierarchy of features, functions, and behavior) and creating a legend for displaying different types of features, interactions, and flows. In other words, the most important factors
to building your IA are where individual components of the architecture are placed (hierarchically), and how they’re labeled and displayed. We all know how important it is to produce content that users will find valuable, but
what’s equally important is to make that content findable. Time is the most precious resource people have. We live in a world where people expect to find a solution to their problems with the least amount of effort. When the
process of finding information is too complicated or too slow, there’s a risk that people will simply abandon it.
here
here
here
High Fidelity Prototypes
Once we finished our third round of user tests, I moved on to skinning the prototype to give it a clean visual user interface. I made my choices for color pallet, flat buttons, and visual icons based on Patelco’s current branding
styles. I belived that keeping this style when working for a client is highly important: my job in redesign is not to rebrand my client, only to better communicate their website for their users to understand.
I built an interactive prototype of a public display screen to connect the needy with available resources in their City using Sketch.
here
here
Evaluation Methodology
Evaluating rapid prototypes should employ quick and light-weight feedback methods, reflecting the low risk stage and stakes at this stage of the process, and focus primarily on getting rapid feedback from would-be users or participants
about a new idea. Based on the aforementioned principles, we tried to get as much Heuristic evaluation done while designing the prototype and decided to conduct a user study with the final design, using questionnaires and interviews.
We had to take into account the fact that usability is not intrinsically objective in nature but is rather closely intertwined with an evaluator’s personal interpretation of the artefact and his or her interaction with it. We conducted
the user studies by first giving the participant background information about our motivation for this project. Next, we asked them to complete pre-defined tasks. Then, we gave them a paper (or have them enter it on a computer)
and had them answer the survey questions. At the end of the evaluation, we asked the participants a few open-ended questions out loud and noted their answers.
Evaluation Goals
Evaluate the visibility and discoverability of the prototype.
Evaluate the ease of use of the prototype.
Evaluate the effectiveness of the prototype.
Measurements & Metrics
Usability (Success rate (whether users can perform the task at all), the time a task requires, the error rate, and users' subjective satisfaction.)
How discoverable & visible the prototype is.
How easy it is for a user to navigate the UI.
How helpful the participants believe our prototype will be in a needy situation.
Evaluation Results
In the survey, we had a total of 12 participants (8 males and 4 females). The result to each question was analyzed, and we include comments made by participants in the free response questions asked.
We further analyzed the results of our participants using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine whether there were any statistically significant differences between the female participants (Group 1) and the male participants (Group 2). Analysis
of Variance Results: F-statistic value = 0.08424 P-value = 0.77249
Using the common alpha level for tests of 0.05 with the F and P-values listed above, we cannot reject the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference among the groups.
Modifications based on Evaluation Results
While conducting the user studies, we uncovered a few modifications to make on the prototype and future work on the finished product. One minor improvement is increasing the font size of the search results. Some participants had
trouble reading it, and they mentioned that it may be more difficult to read on a large screen if someone was far away but still wanted to see what was going on. Participants also suggested that we provide better labeling of
the pages to make the purpose of the application a little more clear. For instance, one participant was confused by the wording “available now” on the main search screen next to each organization (food bank or shelter). They
thought it would be more clear to reword it to “open now.” They also said, “It is not very obvious what this display is all about. At first glance it just looks like a Google map search. Maybe a title or logo that lets people
know that this is a display for people needing shelter or food? Otherwise homeless people walking right by it might not ever use it if they don’t know what it is.” This same participant suggested that the number of markers
on the map should be consistent with the number of results on the side panel. This would be implemented as future work, since our prototype is not yet fully functional.
Many participants reported that they were unable to find the daily hours, as the days and times were not specified. They said they would prefer an expanded list, where each day is listed individually with its hours next to it. This would be another minor
modification to make in our prototype, which would enhance discoverability.
Regarding the big screen implementation, a few participants reported that they would not feel comfortable using this on the big screen, due to privacy concerns. They suggested that there should also be a mobile app and/or website version of the application.
This would provide more privacy to users if they did not feel comfortable using it publicly. This would also make it more convenient for those who may not live or currently be near one of the big screens (so they could access
it anywhere).


| Outside Temperature | 17.4°C |
| Heat Index | 17.4°C |
| Wind Chill | 13.7°C |
| Dew Point | 11.2°C |
| Humidity | 67% |
| Barometer | 999.2 mbar (1.0) |
| Wind | 2 km/h SSE (158°) |
| Rain Rate | 0.00 cm/h |
| Rain Today | 0.13 cm |
| Inside Temperature | 25.5°C |
| Inside Humidity | 51% |
| Temperature3 | 22.3°C |
| Today |
Week |
Month |
Year |
Rain Year |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outside Temperature |
23.5 17.1 |
25.6 10.2 |
25.6 12.5 |
26.9 8.6 |
26.9 8.6 |
°C |
| Heat Index | 23.5 | 25.6 | 25.6 | 27.2 | 27.2 | °C |
| Wind Chill | 13.7 | 5.3 | 9.0 | 2.6 | 2.6 | °C |
| Dew Point |
15.3 10.5 |
15.3 5.8 |
15.3 9.1 |
16.7 4.0 |
16.7 4.0 |
°C |
| Humidity |
84 45 |
85 45 |
84 45 |
87 45 |
87 45 |
% |
| Barometer |
999.2 988.0 |
1005.3 988.0 |
1000.2 988.0 |
1005.3 982.1 |
1005.3 982.1 |
mbar |
| Rain | 0.13 | 1.78 | 0.66 | 4.01 | 4.01 | cm |
| Rain Rate | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.53 | cm/h |
| Wind Max |
17 180 |
36 180 |
36 180 |
36 180 |
36 180 |
km/h ° |
| Wind Average | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | km/h |
| Wind RMS | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | km/h |
|
Vector Average Average Direction |
5 173 |
0 238 |
3 174 |
1 213 |
1 213 |
km/h ° |
| Inside Temperature |
26.4 22.7 |
26.4 21.2 |
26.4 21.2 |
26.9 21.2 |
26.9 21.2 |
°C |
| Inside Humidity |
55 43 |
61 43 |
61 43 |
61 43 |
61 43 |
% |
| Temperature3 |
22.4 21.8 |
22.4 20.2 |
22.4 20.2 |
23.7 20.2 |
23.7 20.2 |
°C |
| Battery Status | |
|---|---|
| Wind Battery | OK |
| Rain Battery | OK |
| Outside Temperature Battery | OK |
| Hardware | TFA |
| Latitude | 49° 12.27' N |
| Longitude | 016° 36.89' E |
| Altitude | 215 meters |
| Server uptime | 0 days, 0 hours, 1 minute |
| WeeWX uptime | 0 days, 0 hours, 1 minute |
| WeeWX version | 4.1.1 |
This station is controlled by WeeWX, an experimental weather software system written in Python.


VERMOHN "ANGEL" SPINE TEE
$ 45
EMS & Taxes included
Available in sizes
S M L XL
Material: 100% Cotton
Color: Black
Short sleeves Romeo & Juliet T-shirt in black. "Angel" written in Ancient Greece printed on the back. Crewneck collar. Oversize Fitting.
- Follow us on instagram.com/vermohn for all the latest in release info.
- Limited Release
- No Refunds. No Exchanges. All Sales are Final.


| 017:019 Khan | : |
And whoever desires the Hereafter and strives for it, with the necessary effort due for it (i.e. do righteous deeds of Allah's Obedience) while he is a believer (in the Oneness of Allah Islamic Monotheism), then such are the ones whose striving shall be appreciated, thanked and rewarded (by Allah). |
| 017:019 Maulana | : |
And whoso desires the Hereafter and strives for it as he ought to strive and he is a believer -- those are they whose striving is amply rewarded. |
| 017:019 Pickthal | : |
And whoso desireth the Hereafter and striveth for it with the effort necessary, being a believer; for such, their effort findeth favour (with their Lord). |
| 017:019 Rashad | : |
As for those who choose the Hereafter as their priority, and work righteousness, while believing, their efforts will be appreciated. |
| 017:019 Sarwar | : |
The effort of one who faithfully strives hard for the (happiness) of the life to come will be appreciated (by God). |
| 017:019 Shakir | : |
And whoever desires the hereafter and strives for it as he ought to strive and he is a believer; (as for) these, their striving shall surely be accepted. |
| 017:019 Sherali | : |
And whoso desires the Hereafter and strives for it as it should be striven for and is a believer - these are the ones whose striving shall be duly appreciated. |
| 017:019 Yusufali | : |
Those who do wish for the (things of) the Hereafter, and strive therefor with all due striving, and have Faith,- they are the ones whose striving is acceptable (to Allah). |
Concepts/Themes Covered: الإيمان > الإيمان بالله > الهداية إلى الإيمان Faith> Belief In Allah> Guiding to Faith العمل > الدعوة إلى العمل Action(Work)> The Call for Action
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


My Portfolio
Maker of joy
pursuing What I like
▲ miaomiaomiao 待续
my skills
Learn More About Me
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Overall 1343 contributions in 21 projects
Network traffic analyzer
Free Unix-like kernel
Perl core module for writing Makefiles for extension modules
De-facto standard Haskell Compiler
simple and easy-to-use library to learn videogames programming
Perl implementation of the POrtable Rest Environment
Encode/decode Perl utf-8 strings into TeX
Native C/C++ Programming for the LEGO® EV3
Build external dependencies for use in CPAN
HardWare LiSter for Linux
Implementation of the eXtended Tiny Encryption Algorithm
Perl Binding to libyaml
Multi-platform library for OpenGL, OpenGL ES, Vulkan, window and input
The missing package manager for macOS
Visualizer for Ethernet POWERLINK Traffic
Binary structure parser generator
Single file audio playback and capture library.
Analyze Ethernet POWERLINK Network Traffic
C reference, wiki-style
Free online encyclopedia
Documentation of the Linux kernel's C user-space library interfaces


Here is a list of all class members with links to the classes they belong to:
- t -
- t : Golf , Gecode::Int::Distinct::HallInfo , Gecode::Int::GCC::HallInfo , Gecode::Reflection::TypeOf< bool > , Gecode::Reflection::TypeOf< int > , Gecode::Reflection::Arg , Gecode::Reflection::TypeOf< double > , Gecode::Reflection::TypeOf< const IntSet > , Gecode::Int::Extensional::Incremental< View >::SupportEntry , Gecode::MiniModel::BoolExpr::Node , Gecode::SharedArraySerialization< T > , Gecode::Reflection::TypeOf< View > , Gecode::SharedArraySerialization< int >
- table : Gecode::DFA::DFAI
- tableWidth() : Gecode::CpltSet::CpltSetVarImp , Gecode::CpltSet::CpltSetView
- tail() : Gecode::ActorLink
- task : Gecode::Int::Cumulatives::Event
- teams : RRS , SportsLeague
- tell() : Gecode::Int::Distinct::DomCtrl< View >::ViewValGraph , Gecode::Int::Element::IdxValMap , Gecode::Int::Linear::SupportSet , Gecode::Int::Linear::SupportIter< Val > , Gecode::Int::SupportValues< View > , Gecode::Set::Branch::ValMin , Gecode::Set::Branch::ValMax , Gecode::CpltSet::Branch::ValMinUnknown< exclude > , Gecode::CpltSet::Branch::ValMaxUnknown< exclude > , Gecode::Int::Branch::ValMin< View > , Gecode::Int::Branch::ValMed< View > , Gecode::Int::Branch::ValMax< View > , Gecode::Int::Branch::ValSplitMin< View > , Gecode::Int::Branch::ValSplitMax< View > , Gecode::Int::Branch::ValZeroOne< View > , Gecode::Int::Branch::ValOneZero< View >
- TerDom() : Gecode::Int::Distinct::TerDom< View >
- TernaryPropagator() : Gecode::TernaryPropagator< View, pc >
- TerOrTrue() : Gecode::Int::Bool::TerOrTrue< BV >
- test : Test::CpltSet::CpltSetTestSpace , Test::Int::TestSpace , Test::Set::SetTestSpace
- Test() : Test::Int::Test , Test::Search::Test
- testdomcon : Test::Int::Test
- tests() : Test::Base
- testsearch : Test::Int::Test
- TestSpace() : Test::Int::Distinct::Pathological::TestSpace , Test::Int::TestSpace , Test::Search::TestSpace
- threshold : Gecode::Int::Linear::EqBoolInt< VX > , Gecode::Int::Linear::GqBoolInt< VX >
- tile : TileSpec
- time() : Options
- TimeStop() : Gecode::Search::TimeStop
- toArray() : Gecode::Reflection::Arg
- toBdd() : Gecode::Formula::Node
- toInt() : Gecode::Reflection::Arg
- toIntArray() : Gecode::Reflection::Arg
- TooFewArguments() : Gecode::Int::TooFewArguments , Gecode::MiniModel::TooFewArguments
- top() : Gecode::Support::DynamicStack< T > , Gecode::Support::SentinelStack< T > , Gecode::Support::PQueue< T, Less > , Gecode::Support::StaticStack< T >
- ToRanges() : Gecode::Iter::Values::ToRanges< I >
- toSharedObject() : Gecode::Reflection::Arg
- toSharedReference() : Gecode::Reflection::Arg
- toString() : Gecode::Reflection::Arg , Gecode::Support::Symbol
- total : Warehouses
- ToValues() : Gecode::Iter::Ranges::ToValues< I >
- toVar() : Gecode::Reflection::Arg
- trans : Gecode::DFA::DFAI
- TransitionBag() : Gecode::MiniModel::TransitionBag
- Transitions() : Gecode::DFA::Transitions
- transitions() : Gecode::MiniModel::TransitionBag
- Transitions : StressExtensional , Gecode::DFA::Transitions
- triples : Steiner
- ts() : Gecode::Int::Extensional::Base< View, subscribe >
- TSP() : TSP
- tsymmfunc : Pentominoes
- Tuple : Gecode::TupleSet
- tuple_data : Gecode::TupleSet
- TupleMaxInc() : Gecode::Int::Sorted::TupleMaxInc< View >
- TupleMaxIncExt() : Gecode::Int::Sorted::TupleMaxIncExt< View >
- tuples() : Gecode::TupleSet
- tupleSet : Gecode::Int::Extensional::Base< View, subscribe >
- TupleSet() : Gecode::TupleSet
- TupleSetA() : Test::Int::Extensional::TupleSetA
- TupleSetB() : Test::Int::Extensional::TupleSetB
- TupleSetBool() : Test::Int::Extensional::TupleSetBool
- TupleSetI() : Gecode::TupleSet
- type() : Gecode::Int::Branch::ByDegreeMaxNoTies< View > , Gecode::Int::Branch::ByDegreeMinNoTies< View > , Gecode::Set::Branch::ByNone , Gecode::CpltSet::Branch::ByMaxUnknown , Gecode::Set::Branch::ValMax , Gecode::Int::Branch::ByRegretMaxMin< View > , Gecode::CpltSet::Branch::ByMaxCard , Gecode::Int::Linear::ScaleBoolArray , Gecode::Int::BoolView , Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView , Gecode::Int::Branch::ValMin< View > , Gecode::Set::UniverseView , Gecode::Int::Branch::ByRegretMaxMax< View > , Gecode::REG::Exp , Gecode::Int::Branch::ValSplitMax< View > , Gecode::Set::EmptyView , Gecode::Int::Branch::ByMaxMin< View > , Gecode::Int::ScaleView< Val, UnsVal > , Gecode::Int::Branch::ByNone< View > , Gecode::Int::Branch::ByMinMax< View > , Gecode::Int::Branch::BySizeDegreeMax< View > , Gecode::CpltSet::CpltSetView , Gecode::Int::Branch::ByMaxMax< View > , Gecode::Int::Branch::ByDegreeMin< View > , Gecode::Int::Branch::ValSplitMin< View > , Gecode::Int::Branch::ByRegretMinMin< View > , Gecode::Int::GCC::OccurBndsView , Gecode::Int::Branch::ValMax< View > , Gecode::Int::Branch::ByDegreeMax< View > , Gecode::Int::Branch::ValZeroOne< View > , Gecode::Int::Linear::EmptyScaleBoolArray , Gecode::CpltSet::Branch::ValMaxUnknown< exclude > , Gecode::CpltSet::Branch::ByMinCard , Gecode::CpltSet::Branch::ByMinUnknown , Gecode::Set::SetView , Gecode::Set::Branch::ByMinCard , Gecode::Int::NegBoolView , Gecode::Set::Branch::ByMinUnknown , Gecode::Int::ConstIntView , Gecode::Int::Branch::BySizeMax< View > , Gecode::Int::OffsetView , Gecode::Int::Branch::ByMinMin< View > , Gecode::Set::Branch::ValMin , Gecode::Int::Branch::NoValue , Gecode::Set::Branch::ByMaxCard , Gecode::Int::Branch::ValMed< View > , Gecode::Int::Branch::BySizeDegreeMin< View > , Gecode::CpltSet::Branch::ValMinUnknown< exclude > , Gecode::Int::ZeroIntView , Gecode::Int::IntView , Gecode::Int::Linear::NoView , Gecode::Int::Branch::BySizeMin< View > , Gecode::Set::Branch::ByMaxUnknown , Gecode::Int::Branch::ValOneZero< View > , Gecode::Int::Branch::ByRegretMinMax< View > , Gecode::Set::OffsetSetView< View > , Gecode::Set::SingletonView , Gecode::Set::ConstantView , Gecode::Set::ComplementView< View > , Gecode::CpltSet::Branch::ByNone , Gecode::Int::MinusView


As outlined in the UI Overview, Node Grader system is comprised of two client applications that have different set of audiences. The first type of client program is designed for the instructors of a course, and supports full array of class management, while the second type of client application is designed for students of those courses to view and analyze their grades and submit assignments. In addition, in order to house the information generated and aggregated from the client applications and provide accurate course information to the users, a remote server and database application needs to be established.
In the former client application (instructor view), the major object in the user program is the Gradebook. It's implementation will need to provide efficient access for a wide range of operations, including serial navigation, lookup by different parameters such as student name or an ID, and filtered searching. Hence, it will need to use a moderately sophisticated data structure that supports these various forms of access. In our model, the grader application is designed to use multi-directional hash (or vector) to achieve this.
In addition to the Gradebook, Node Grader contains other major objects such as Statistics view and Trend Graphs view. These "views" provide an easy way for the clients to view analytic information on the data entered in the Gradebook. These views are compounded real-time from the data entered, and updates as the client updates the Gradebook. Thus, there is only one underlying data model for the all "views" of Node Grader, and no data storage redundancy occurs.
In the latter client application, the major objects are identical as the former, because the "views" of the underlying data does not differ much. However, the latter client does not support any modification of the Gradebook data. Instead, the client supports temporary "view" modification of the "snapshots" of the greadebook, so that the students using this client are able to use the Gradebook as a dynamic grade-predictor. In addition, this client application masks all information on Gradebook except the one of student accessing the gradebook, to protect other students' privacy.
Separating these two application's functionalities while having them share as much of interface components as possible shall be executed with care, as there is a risk present that may compromise confidential academic and personal information. Also, in order to properly establish client-server (or database) connection, developers need
knowledge of client/server design and implementation. Functionality to support
client/server architectures is available in many modern libraries. It will
make sense for the developers to choose an implementation language in which
client/server support is available, dependable, and well documented.


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