Hi! My name is Andrew, and I've been interested in programming for as long ad I can remember. Growing up my family had a Windows 98 desktop that I would tinker with whenever I could. I have always been fascinated with how things work, and seeing what I can make from the pieces im given. I'm currently interested in 6502 assembly, because I love video games, and would like to know just how hard it was to make them when they were in their infancy.
I started my experience with programming by learning Java. I used an IDE to write and compile my programs throughout highschool, and in my senior year migrated to C# and Unity. Before making the switch to C#, using a hardware simulator, I made a 64k computer with logic gates. While making the computer, I learned basic assembly, and low-level processing.
Languages
Software/Tech
The classic first program. Displays "Hello World in multiple languages."
https://github.com/abatesaccs/hello-worldAn attempt to recreate the Wikipedia homepage using what I have learned so far.
https://github.com/abatesaccs/rebuild-wikiA personal blog documenting life. This could be used for any topic or hobby that you desire.
https://github.com/abatesaccs/BlogThis is a hypothetical article, could be a humorous or maybe critical article written by a bored student about their lecturer; or potentially a journalist writing about a previous experience.
https://github.com/abatesaccs/boringLectureThe homepage of an animal shelter, with information on pets that need a good home.
https://github.com/abatesaccs/animalShelterA mock band home page, showing times, dates and locations of shows. A place for fans to keep up to date on the movements and news of their favorite band!
https://github.com/abatesaccs/bandThis is my first webpage, I plan to continually keep it updated with what I've learned. It might not have the most glamorous of beginnings, but we all have to start somewhere!
https://github.com/abatesaccs/my-first-webpageAcontinually updating showcase of my skills and projects. housing everything I've learned and worked on throughout my experience in programming!
https://github.com/abatesaccs/Personal-PortfolioMy Github
https://github.com/abatesaccsAndrew Bates, Contact


*For Face It Schedule info see Calendars Below.*
“Families Acting Collaboratively to Educate and Involve Teens” is evidence based; family focused alcohol, tobacco and other drug education, prevention, and early intervention program for youth and their parents or caregivers.
FACE-IT consists of 12 two- hour modules offered once per week. Parent(s) and youth attend together and can be referred for 5, 8 or 12 weeks of programming. The modules are both stand-alone and complement one another so families can be referred and begin at any time in the progression (as opposed to waiting for module #1 to start again). The courses teach life skills, critical thinking, anger management etc. Each module is highly interactive, involves education, group activities with parent and youth together, one-on-one exercises with parent and their child, group session with parents only and group session with youth only and homework. Every third class focuses/educates on an illegal substance. Both parent/caretaker and youth are required to attend and complete the program.
If you are interested in learning more about the FACE-IT program please download our latest brochure. For further details please use our "Contact Us" form and select Youth Services, or call<PHONE_NUMBER> ext. 220.
Additional Resources:
FACE-IT Calendar and Schedule:
**PLEASE NOTE THE MEETING SCHEDULED FOR THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 8th, 2018 HAS BEEN CANCELLED DUE TO THE PREDICTION OF INCLEMENT WEATHER AND UNSAFE DRIVING CONDITIONS.
Winter 2016-Spring2017
Fall 2016
Spring 2016
Winter 2015 - 2016


Quality Eye Care for your Entire Family
Built on a tradition of service and excellence, Panton Eye Center has been the premier choice for eye care in the Chicago area. We pride ourselves on providing friendly, individualized attention and the most technologically advanced vision correction options available today. From general eye exams and a full optical shop to more specialized care, including LASIK and laser cataract surgery, we offer a comprehensive array of services to meet all of your vision needs.
Visit our new Patient Portal to access your medical records online
You may use the Patient Portal to access results from your last examination and to communicate on administrative matters (e.g., billing). Please restrict medical communication to the phone by calling<PHONE_NUMBER> so that we can respond. We have an answering service to direct phone calls of an urgent nature. A patient portal is a website for your personal health care. The online tool helps you to keep track of your health care provider visits, test results, billing, prescriptions, and so on. You can also e-mail your provider questions through the portal. Many providers now offer patient portals. For access, you will need to set up an account. The service is free. A password is used so that all of your information is private and secure.


If you thought finding one person from amidst the complex network of
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google in-app purchase api test
List the SKUs
Get a list of all purchased SKUs
Buy sku1
Consume sku1


Historic home in New Jersey available for free, if you can move it
by Eyewitness NewsMONTCLAIR, New Jersey (WABC) -- If you're in the market for a new house, there's a historic home in New Jersey that some just can't bear to tear down. So you can have it - if you can move it.
Tom Lapenter is the project boss for Redeemer Church, which owns the 109-year-old house at 23 North Willow Street in Montclair.
He's overseeing construction of the church's new building, which does away with their need to keep the house.
So the house is available, provided you can take it away.
"You're gonna need traffic control with the police," said Lapenter. "You're gonna need utilities involved, there are lines in the way. It's not a small task."
And not a small cost.
"I would think initially you'd need about $100,000 and then depending how far you go it's just going to go up from there," said Lapenter.
It's in a town quite particular about preservation and history.
"When a structure has existed for over 100 years, particularly if it has architectural merit, it really needs to be thought about," said David Greenbaum of the Montclair Preservation Commission.
He and others are mounting a huge effort to save the old Lackawanna train station just up the street and around the corner. He sees these historical structures as the lifeblood of the community.
"I think a lot of people are taking the time to reflect upon what's important going forward as to the quality of life and the streetscape," said Greenbaum.
He says the preservation commission is trying to draft a new demolition ordinance so that the town can have more say on what happens to historic sites there.


new PDFJS()
PDFJS scope object that contains all functions, objects and variables related
to the PDF.js.
- Source:
Classes
Members
-
(static) cMapPacked :boolean
-
Specifies if CMaps are binary packed.
Type:
- boolean
- Source:
-
(static) cMapUrl :string
-
The url of where the predefined Adobe CMaps are located. Include trailing slash.
Type:
- string
- Source:
-
(static) disableAutoFetch :boolean
-
Disable pre-fetching of PDF file data. When range requests are enabled PDF.js will automatically keep fetching more data even if it isn't needed to display the current page. This default behavior can be disabled. NOTE: It is also necessary to disable streaming, see above, in order for disabling of pre-fetching to work correctly.
Type:
- boolean
- Source:
-
(static) disableCreateObjectURL :boolean
-
Disables URL.createObjectURL usage.
Type:
- boolean
- Source:
-
(static) disableFontFace :boolean
-
By default fonts are converted to OpenType fonts and loaded via font face rules. If disabled, the font will be rendered using a built in font renderer that constructs the glyphs with primitive path commands.
Type:
- boolean
- Source:
-
(static) disableFullscreen :boolean
-
Disables fullscreen support, and by extension Presentation Mode, in browsers which support the fullscreen API.
Type:
- boolean
- Source:
-
(static) disableRange :boolean
-
Disable range request loading of PDF files. When enabled and if the server supports partial content requests then the PDF will be fetched in chunks. Enabled (false) by default.
Type:
- boolean
- Source:
-
(static) disableStream :boolean
-
Disable streaming of PDF file data. By default PDF.js attempts to load PDF in chunks. This default behavior can be disabled.
Type:
- boolean
- Source:
-
(static) disableWebGL :boolean
-
Disables WebGL usage.
Type:
- boolean
- Source:
-
(static) disableWorker :boolean
-
Disable the web worker and run all code on the main thread. This will happen automatically if the browser doesn't support workers or sending typed arrays to workers.
Type:
- boolean
- Source:
-
(static) imageResourcesPath :string
-
Path for image resources, mainly for annotation icons. Include trailing slash.
Type:
- string
- Source:
-
(static) maxCanvasPixels :number
-
The maximum supported canvas size in total pixels e.g. width * height. The default value is 4096 * 4096. Use -1 for no limit.
Type:
- number
- Source:
-
(static) maxImageSize :number
-
The maximum allowed image size in total pixels e.g. width * height. Images above this value will not be drawn. Use -1 for no limit.
Type:
- number
- Source:
-
(static) openExternalLinksInNewWindow :boolean
-
Opens external links in a new window if enabled. The default behavior opens external links in the PDF.js window.
Type:
- boolean
- Source:
-
(static) pdfBug :boolean
-
Enables special hooks for debugging PDF.js.
Type:
- boolean
- Source:
-
(static) postMessageTransfers :boolean
-
Enables transfer usage in postMessage for ArrayBuffers.
Type:
- boolean
- Source:
-
(static) useOnlyCssZoom :boolean
-
Enables CSS only zooming.
Type:
- boolean
- Source:
-
(static) verbosity :number
-
Controls the logging level. The constants from PDFJS.VERBOSITY_LEVELS should be used: - errors - warnings [default] - infos
Type:
- number
- Source:
-
(static) workerSrc :string
-
Path and filename of the worker file. Required when the worker is enabled in development mode. If unspecified in the production build, the worker will be loaded based on the location of the pdf.js file.
Type:
- string
- Source:
Methods
-
(static) createPromiseCapability() → {PromiseCapability}
-
Creates a promise capability object.
- Source:
Returns:
A capability object contains: - a Promise, resolve and reject methods.- Type
- PromiseCapability
-
(static) getDocument(src, pdfDataRangeTransport, passwordCallback, progressCallback) → {PDFDocumentLoadingTask}
-
This is the main entry point for loading a PDF and interacting with it. NOTE: If a URL is used to fetch the PDF data a standard XMLHttpRequest(XHR) is used, which means it must follow the same origin rules that any XHR does e.g. No cross domain requests without CORS.
Parameters:
Name Type Description src
string | TypedArray | DocumentInitParameters | PDFDataRangeTransport Can be a url to where a PDF is located, a typed array (Uint8Array) already populated with data or parameter object. pdfDataRangeTransport
PDFDataRangeTransport (deprecated) It is used if you want to manually serve range requests for data in the PDF. passwordCallback
function (deprecated) It is used to request a password if wrong or no password was provided. The callback receives two parameters: function that needs to be called with new password and reason (see {PasswordResponses}). progressCallback
function (deprecated) It is used to be able to monitor the loading progress of the PDF file (necessary to implement e.g. a loading bar). The callback receives an {Object} with the properties: {number} loaded and {number} total. - Source:
Returns:


If you’re staying in a cabin:
- Linens: bringing sheets or a sleeping bag and a pillow will be key if you would like to stay in the cabins.
- Towel
- Pajamas
- Toiletries and toilet paper will be provided by the couple, but be sure to bring anything beyond soap/shampoo/conditioner/toothpaste that you like. Blow dryers, hair gel, toothbrushes, etc.
- Everything from the next two lists…
If you’re staying at the camp during the day, but sleeping elsewhere:
- Outdoor-friendly clothes. Stuff that won't mind trekking around camp. Jeans, t-shirts, shorts, a hoodie... Whatever you're comfortable in.
- Warm clothes. We expect the weather to be warm but it could get chilly in the evening.
- Footwear that you can hike/run in.
- A rain jacket/mud boots/umbrella – just in case!
- Flashlight
- Bug spray: hopefully won't be too buggy and we'll have some backup but if your bug spray needs are significant, it would be a good idea to bring your favorite brand.
- Sunscreen: If you’re closely related to Dan or Ashley, you probably should bring some sunscreen. Our pale complexions give new meaning to the term “white wedding”.
- Camera
- Water bottle. Stay hydrated. Our goal is to make this a faint-free wedding.
- Something awesome to wear on your head for the Friday night dinner (see “Schedule” to learn more)
- What makes you most happy: bring a guitar, banjo, recorder, hula-hoop, Frisbee, yoga mat, board games, kick balls, lawn games – anything you’d like to share! It will likely be too cold for a dip in the pool, but if you’d like to bring anything to camp, bring it!
If you will join us on Saturday solely for the wedding ceremony and reception (starting at 5pm):
- The wedding will be dressy casual (what Ashley’s playfully calling ”Campground Formal”) attire with our suggestion that you prepare for an outdoor wedding in the shade (layers, no stiletto shoes). Ashley will be wearing white, but she won’t be offended if you also wear the same or a similar color.


Our Services
Volunteer opportunities available: • Front Desk Receptionist, day and night • Administrative-Data entry, Filing • Mentors • Drivers • Fundraising/Development Assistant • Grant Writing • E-Bay Merchandising • Audio/Video assistance • Bargain Center - Sales Help • Social work assistance • Store stocking/merchandising • Sign Crafting • Warehouse helpers-Clothes sorting, organizing, baling • Furniture repair and refinishing • Building Maintenance • Vehicle Maintenance • Lawn Care Please Call Old Savannah City Mission,<PHONE_NUMBER>, and speak to Connell Stiles.


| chksys.f | A program to determine the properties of the run-time environment for FORTRAN 77 programs |
| chkcomp.f | A FORTRAN 77 source file containing deliberate deviations from the standard and deliberate bad statements for testing the compiler's accuracy |
| chksysff.f90 | A program to determine the properties of the run-time environment for Fortran 90 programs |
| chkcomff.f90 | A Fortran 90 source file containing deliberate deviations from the standard and deliberate bad statements for testing the compiler's accuracy |
| chksysc.c | A program to determine the properties of the run-time environment for C programs |
| chkcompc.c | A C source file containing deliberate deviations from the standard and deliberate bad statements for testing the compiler's accuracy |
| fp_special.f90 | A Fortran 90 program to test the behaviour of a program in the presence of floating-point exceptions and special IEEE numbers (notably negative zeros) |
The programs CHKSYS and CHKSYSFF are meant to help understand the run-time environment of a FORTRAN program. For C there is a similar program, CHKSYSC.
In many cases the actual behaviour of a program depends on the compiler you use and the options you included during the compile and link steps. This is especially true if errors occur or if you are using certain open-ended language features.
Many programmers are not aware that such features exist and it is sometimes difficult or impossible to find them in the documentation.
That is where the CHKSYS offer some assistence:
The program source CHKCOMP (in chkcomp.f(or) and its Fortran 90 equivalent chkcomff.f90) is meant to test the accuracy of the compiler. It is not meant to validate the compiler. It simply contains a fair number of very common extensions to the standard and some deliberate program errors (like jumping into a DO-loop and inaccessible statements). The errors are documented in the source code via comments.
The rest of this document describes:
How to use the programs
Description of the tests
Presentation of some results
Usage of the programs
CHKCOMP:
CHKSYS:
Tests that are performed
CHKSYS performs the following tests:
Some results
Compiling CHKCOMP:
The first listing is the result when using MicroSoft FORTRAN version 5.1, with the maximum level of warnings (which turns out to be the default) but not the switch to force checking against the standard:
chkcomp.for(79) : error F2566: INTEGER : REAL : type conversion error chkcomp.for(80) : error F2566: INTEGER : REAL : type conversion error chkcomp.for(81) : error F2005: illegal REAL constant chkcomp.for(82) : error F2566: REAL : REAL : type conversion error chkcomp.for(128) : error F2516: I : assignment using active DO variable illegal chkcomp.for(136) : warning F4801: label 120 : used across blocks chkcomp.for(141) : warning F4801: label 130 : used across blocks chkcomp.for(171) : warning F4999: LOWCAS : variable declared but not used chkcomp.for(171) : warning F4999: LONGVARIABLENAME : variable declared but not used chkcomp.for(171) : warning F4999: UND_SC : variable declared but not used chkcomp.for(171) : warning F4999: INT2 : variable declared but not used chkcomp.for(171) : warning F4999: INT4 : variable declared but not used chkcomp.for(171) : warning F4999: INTV2 : variable declared but not used chkcomp.for(171) : warning F4999: DBLVAL : variable declared but not used chkcomp.for(171) : warning F4999: REAVAL : variable declared but not used chkcomp.for(178) : error F3606: SUBR1 : formal argument REAVAL : type mismatch chkcomp.for(187) : error F2202: SUBR2 : defined with different number of arguments
Below is a listing from the Lahey FORTRAN 77 compiler, version 5.20, using no particular switches:
Compiling chkcomp.for, a Standard Format Source File OPTION DESCRIPTION OPTION DESCRIPTION /n0 - Standard FORTRAN 77 IMPLICIT /nL - No Line-number table /n2 - Generate 387 constants and code / P - Protect constant arguments /n4 - No 80486 optimizations /nQ1 - "Unlimited" NDP stack /n7 - Optimize inter-statement /nQ2 - No protected-mode RPC /nA2 - No allocatable array checking /nQ3 - No real-mode RPC /nB - No Bounds checking / R - Remember local variables /nC - Ignore nonstandard usage / S - Create filename.SLD for SOLD /nC1 - INTEGER constants 4 bytes /nT - INTEGER*4, LOGICAL*4 default /nD - DIRECT files with headers /nV - Not VAX interpretation /nH - No Hardcopy source listing / W - Display Warning messages /nI - No Interface checking /nX - No Xref listing /nK - Generate 80x87 code /nZ1 - Better SOLD debugging Compiling line 35: PROGRAM CHKCMP File chkcomp.for, line 80: INTVAL = 1.0E20 ^ Warning - INTEGER variable (INTVAL) possibly assigned new value before former value used. File chkcomp.for, line 81: REAVAL = 1.0E100 ^ Fatal - Expression is not within numeric limits of REAL data type (1.18E-38 : 3.40E+38) (See Section 6.3 in Lahey Programmer's Reference). File chkcomp.for, line 82: REAVAL = 1.0D100 ^ Warning - REAL variable (REAVAL) possibly assigned new value before former value used. File chkcomp.for, line 84: REAVAL = DBLVAL ^ Warning - REAL variable (REAVAL) possibly assigned new value before former value used. File chkcomp.for, line 90: INTVAL = LEN(STRING) + 1 ^ Warning - INTEGER variable (INTVAL) possibly assigned new value before former value used. File chkcomp.for, line 121: INTVAL = INTV2 ^ Warning - INTEGER variable (INTV2) is used before being assigned a value. File chkcomp.for, line 128: IF ( I .EQ. 5 ) I = 6 ^^ Fatal - INTEGER variable (I) is a DO index, cannot assign a value (See Section 8.4.1 in Lahey Language Reference). Fatal - Statement illegal as IF suffix (See Section <IP_ADDRESS> in Lahey Language Reference). File chkcomp.for, line 148: WRITE(*,*) 'This statement is not reachable' ^ Warning - No execution path reaches this statement. File chkcomp.for, line 156: WRITE(*,*) 'Neither is this' ^ Warning - No execution path reaches this statement. Warning - INTEGER variable (LOWCAS) is declared but never used, File chkcomp.for, line 58. Warning - INTEGER variable (UND_SC) is declared but never used, File chkcomp.for, line 59. Warning - INTEGER variable (LONGVARIABLENAME) is declared but never used, File chkcomp.for, line 60. Warning - INTEGER variable (INT4) is declared but never used, File chkcomp.for, line 61. Warning - INTEGER*2 variable (INT2) is declared but never used, File chkcomp.for, line 62. Fatal - Expression is not within numeric limits of INTEGER data type (-2,147,483,648 : 2,147,483,647) (See Section 6.3 in Lahey Programmer's Reference), File chkcomp.for, line 79. Fatal - Expression is not within numeric limits of INTEGER data type (-2,147,483,648 : 2,147,483,647) (See Section 6.3 in Lahey Programmer's Reference), File chkcomp.for, line 80. Warning - REAL variable (REAVAL) assigned a value, never used, File chkcomp.for, lines 81, 82, 84. Fatal - Expression is not within numeric limits of REAL data type (1.18E-38 : 3.40E+38) (See Section 6.3 in Lahey Programmer's Reference), File chkcomp.for, line 82. Fatal - Substring specifier must be > 0 and <= string length (See Section <IP_ADDRESS> in Lahey Language Reference), File chkcomp.for, line 89. Fatal - Statement label (120) appears in transfer context outside DO range or block IF (See Chapter 8 in Lahey Language Reference), File chkcomp.for, line 132. Fatal - Statement label (130) appears in transfer context outside DO range or block IF (See Chapter 8 in Lahey Language Reference), File chkcomp.for, line 133. Compiling line 173: SUBROUTINE SUBR1( REAVAL ) Compiling line 182: SUBROUTINE SUBR2( INTVAL ) File chkcomp.for, line 182: SUBROUTINE SUBR2( INTVAL ) ^ Warning - Argument count conflicts with previous usage (See Section 10.3.1 in Lahey Language Reference). Compiling line 191: SUBROUTINE PDEBUG File chkcomp.for, line 201: D WRITE(*,*) 'In DEBUG mode' Abort - Standard source file, columns 1-5: blanks and/or digits (See Section 1.6 in Lahey Language Reference).Both compilers are fairly old (copyrights indicate 1992), but they do show the capabilities of a good compiler:
151 IF ( INTVAL .GT. 10 ) THEN 152 GOTO 220 153 ELSE 154 GOTO 230 155 ENDIF 156 WRITE(*,*) 'Neither is this'


Time frame: September 2017 to October 2017
Tools used: Sketch, Adobe Creatve Suite, GitHub, Trello, Google Drive
HiNeon is a lighting company that makes custom neon signs using LEDs. These safe, energy-efficient, eco-friendly and durable signs are used by business owners to attract customers and by home owners to brighten up interior spaces. HiNeon is a subsidiary of the Vancouver based lighting supplier, Lighting Geek.
I was hired by HiNeon in September of 2017 as a web development intern to collaborate with Clara August and turn HiNeon’s existing custom LED neon sign order form into an interactive web app.
Context
During the first few days of my internship, I found out HiNeon was getting an increasing number of emails regarding LED neon sign customization. The form was key in helping HiNeon visualize what customers wanted in terms of personalized neon signage, but did a poor job in doing so. I asked myself, “how can I design an app that simplifies the entire process of ordering a custom neon sign to the point where it reduces incoming customization emails?”
The form (pictured below) was lengthy and tedious. There was terminology users were not familiar with, inappropriate use of input fields and it overall wasn’t very intuitive. After using the form myself, I had figured out why users were forgoing completing it and directly emailing HiNeon instead.
Design process
The first week of my internship mostly involved planning the information architecture and curating the user experience for the app. During this stage, I did some research to see how HiNeon’s competitors (Sygns and Nameglo) proceeded with designing an interactive custom neon sign app. My supervisor told me that it wouldn’t be enough to simply copy our competitors designs.
I had to realize, as a designer, why our competitors made those decisions and how I can improve on them and tailor a unique design solution for HiNeon’s app.
Web development
Clara and I met with HiNeon’s development team to discuss how we were going to build the app. We were told that the front-end had to be compatible with the content management system they use (WordPress) for their site. Also, Clara and I had to be realistic with our coding skill levels in a sense that we had to be comfortable with the front-end technology we would be using to the point where we can build the app with it in three weeks. Because of this, we steered away from robust frameworks like Angular and React and stuck to pure JavaScript (and some jQuery).
GitHub was primarily how we organized and shared our code. It was a learning experience for me in terms of collaborating with other developers and a refresher on version control principles and best practices. In addition to coding, I prepared graphics and image assets for the app and even did some copywriting.
Reflection
It quickly became evident that I was doing different kinds of work at HiNeon than I had signed up for. I was doing UX/UI design instead of working with MySQL databases and PHP. I was preparing image assets and copywriting rather than fixing bugs on the company’s website. My biggest takeaway from this 144-hour internship is that it helps to have a good balance of web design and coding in your skill set.
Overall, I was very impressed with what Clara and I were able to accomplish throughout our time working at HiNeon. We designed and developed a digital product that undergone numerous client meetings and code reviews. We were able to showcase a lot of skills we learned at BCIT. Most importantly, we gained experience working with an off-campus client which we can carry over in our future career endeavours.
The HiNeon custom sign app is currently in the hands of their back-end development team and is expected to launch live on their site in January.


A peep at some distant orb has power to raise and purify our thoughts like a strain of sacred music, or a noble picture, or a passage from the grander poets. It always does one good.
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I had been wanting to TRIP for quite some time when two friends of mine, Stefani and Melissa, told me about Dramamine. I had heard a little about it, but people said it was weak and didn't work. They told me it did, and they had done it several times.  But the trip was very unlike LSD.
I ingested 24 pills, which I believe is 1200 mg, at one time. Why? Because Stef had always taken 24. Oh well. About 30 minutes later, I was supposed to be wigging out, but I just felt like I was beginning to trip, or that I would be tripping soon. I felt nervous and kept hearing things.
An hour later, and still not really tripping, my friend Ricky came by my house with everyone's favorite pastime activity, Marijuana, and offered to smoke a couple of bowls with me and the girls. That was it. I didn't know if I was STONED or if I was tripping. First, Ricky disappeared. That freaked me out. After that, the girls said I was walking around playing with movies and the VCR, which I don't remember doing.
Apparently, I got bored, so we went to the girls' house, about 30 minutes away. In the back of their car, I started looking at the stars and the clouds and the road and the trees and everything. I felt like I was rolling. Everything caught my attention. It was actually quite pleasant.
1 hour and 15 minutes after ingesting the pills I guess I was having a full-blown trip, but I did not even realize it.  I asked to go outside:
'I can see the earth revolving.'
'How fast is it going?' Stef asked.
'I don't know, its one of those miniature scoreboards that you see when you go to the baseball game. Do you see it?'
'See what?'
'The cloud of smoke just switched places with the stars.
Inside, I started watching the TV, which wasn't on. The screen would remove itself from the TV set, float about five feet, and twitch and convulse and then pop back into the TV set.  Their were blue flames coming from my fingertips, the ceiling was crawling with bugs, and I couldn't play my video game anymore (which I thought I was playing, but wasn't). I was sitting in a field of marijuana. I was happy. I started removing buds from the plants and sticking them in my bowl. Keep in mind I'm tripping. After I 'smoke my pot' I sat quiet for about 10 minutes and blurted out 'Where is my bowling ball? Did Jason steal my bowling ball? It was just there.'
I don't remember much of the trip at all, and since then I have done it 3 times. Very real type of trip, but can be unpleasant as I learned in my latter tries with it.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Using the occ Command¶
Nextcloud’s occ
command (origins from “ownCloud Console”) is Nextcloud’s command-line
interface. You can perform many common server operations with occ
, such as
installing and upgrading Nextcloud, manage users, encryption, passwords, LDAP
setting, and more.
occ
is in the nextcloud/
directory; for example
/var/www/nextcloud
on Ubuntu Linux. occ
is a PHP script. You must
run it as your HTTP user to ensure that the correct permissions are maintained
on your Nextcloud files and directories.
occ Command Directory¶
- Run occ As Your HTTP User
- Apps Commands
- Background Jobs Selector
- Config Commands
- Dav Commands
- Database Conversion
- Encryption
- Federation Sync
- File Operations
- Files External
- Integrity Check
- l10n, Create Javascript Translation Files for Apps
- LDAP Commands
- Logging Commands
- Maintenance Commands
- Security
- Shibboleth Modes (Enterprise Edition only)
- Trashbin
- User Commands
- Versions
- Command Line Installation
- Command Line Upgrade
- Two-factor Authentication
- Disable Users
Run occ As Your HTTP User¶
The HTTP user is different on the various Linux distributions. See Setting Strong Directory Permissions to learn how to find your HTTP user.
- The HTTP user and group in Debian/Ubuntu is www-data.
- The HTTP user and group in Fedora/CentOS is apache.
- The HTTP user and group in Arch Linux is http.
- The HTTP user in openSUSE is wwwrun, and the HTTP group is www.
If your HTTP server is configured to use a different PHP version than the
default (/usr/bin/php), occ
should be run with the same version. For
example, in CentOS 6.5 with SCL-PHP54 installed, the command looks like this:
sudo -u apache /opt/rh/php54/root/usr/bin/php /var/www/html/nextcloud/occ
Running occ
with no options lists all commands and options, like this
example on Ubuntu:
sudo -u www-data php occ
Nextcloud version 9.0.0
Usage:
command [options] [arguments]
Options:
-h, --help Display this help message
-q, --quiet Do not output any message
-V, --version Display this application version
--ansi Force ANSI output
--no-ansi Disable ANSI output
-n, --no-interaction Do not ask any interactive question
--no-warnings Skip global warnings, show command output only
-v|vv|vvv, --verbose Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output,
2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug
Available commands:
check check dependencies of the server
environment
help Displays help for a command
list Lists commands
status show some status information
upgrade run upgrade routines after installation of
a new release. The release has to be
installed before.
This is the same as sudo -u www-data php occ list
.
Run it with the -h
option for syntax help:
sudo -u www-data php occ -h
Display your Nextcloud version:
sudo -u www-data php occ -V
Nextcloud version 9.0.0
Query your Nextcloud server status:
sudo -u www-data php occ status
- installed: true
- version: <IP_ADDRESS>
- versionstring: 9.0.0
- edition:
occ
has options, commands, and arguments. Options and arguments are
optional, while commands are required. The syntax is:
occ [options] command [arguments]
Get detailed information on individual commands with the help
command, like
this example for the maintenance:mode
command:
sudo -u www-data php occ help maintenance:mode
Usage:
maintenance:mode [options]
Options:
--on enable maintenance mode
--off disable maintenance mode
-h, --help Display this help message
-q, --quiet Do not output any message
-V, --version Display this application version
--ansi Force ANSI output
--no-ansi Disable ANSI output
-n, --no-interaction Do not ask any interactive question
--no-warnings Skip global warnings, show command output only
-v|vv|vvv, --verbose Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output,
2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug
The status
command from above has an option to define the output format.
The default is plain text, but it can also be json
:
sudo -u www-data php occ status --output=json
{"installed":true,"version":"<IP_ADDRESS>","versionstring":"9.0.0","edition":""}
or json_pretty
:
sudo -u www-data php occ status --output=json_pretty
{
"installed": true,
"version": "<IP_ADDRESS>",
"versionstring": "9.0.0",
"edition": ""
}
This output option is available on all list and list-like commands:
status
, check
, app:list
, config:list
, encryption:status
and encryption:list-modules
Enabling autocompletion¶
Note
This currently only works, if the user you use to execute the occ commands has a profile.
www-data
in most cases is nologon
and therefor can not use this.
Since Nextcloud 11 autocompletion is available for bash (and bash based consoles). To enable it, you have to run one of the following commands:
# BASH ~4.x, ZSH
source <(/var/www/html/nextcloud/occ _completion --generate-hook)
# BASH ~3.x, ZSH
/var/www/html/nextcloud/occ _completion --generate-hook | source /dev/stdin
# BASH (any version)
eval $(/var/www/html/nextcloud/occ _completion --generate-hook)
This will allow you to use autocompletion with the full path /var/www/html/nextcloud/occ <tab>
.
If you also want to use autocompletion on occ from within the directory without using the full path,
you need to specify --programm occ
after the --generate-hook
.
If you want the completion to apply automatically for all new shell sessions, add the command to your
shell’s profile (eg. ~/.bash_profile
or ~/.zshrc
).
Apps Commands¶
The app
commands list, enable, and disable apps:
app
app:check-code check code to be compliant
app:disable disable an app
app:enable enable an app
app:getpath Get an absolute path to the app directory
app:list List all available apps
List all of your installed apps, and show whether they are enabled or disabled:
sudo -u www-data php occ app:list
Enable an app, for example the External Storage Support app:
sudo -u www-data php occ app:enable files_external
files_external enabled
Disable an app:
sudo -u www-data php occ app:disable files_external
files_external disabled
app:check-code
has multiple checks: it checks if an app uses Nextcloud’s
public API (OCP
) or private API (OC_
), and it also checks for deprecated
methods and the validity of the info.xml
file. By default all checks are
enabled. The Activity app is an example of a correctly-formatted app:
sudo -u www-data php occ app:check-code notifications
App is compliant - awesome job!
If your app has issues, you’ll see output like this:
sudo -u www-data php occ app:check-code foo_app
Analysing /var/www/nextcloud/apps/files/foo_app.php
4 errors
line 45: OCP\Response - Static method of deprecated class must not be
called
line 46: OCP\Response - Static method of deprecated class must not be
called
line 47: OCP\Response - Static method of deprecated class must not be
called
line 49: OC_Util - Static method of private class must not be called
You can get the full filepath to an app:
sudo -u www-data php occ app:getpath notifications
/var/www/nextcloud/apps/notifications
Background Jobs Selector¶
Use the background
command to select which scheduler you want to use for
controlling background jobs, Ajax, Webcron, or Cron. This is the same as using
the Cron section on your Nextcloud Admin page:
background
background:ajax Use ajax to run background jobs
background:cron Use cron to run background jobs
background:webcron Use webcron to run background jobs
This example selects Ajax:
sudo -u www-data php occ background:ajax
Set mode for background jobs to 'ajax'
The other two commands are:
background:cron
background:webcron
See Defining Background Jobs to learn more.
Config Commands¶
The config
commands are used to configure the Nextcloud server:
config
config:app:delete Delete an app config value
config:app:get Get an app config value
config:app:set Set an app config value
config:import Import a list of configs
config:list List all configs
config:system:delete Delete a system config value
config:system:get Get a system config value
config:system:set Set a system config value
You can list all configuration values with one command:
sudo -u www-data php occ config:list
By default, passwords and other sensitive data are omitted from the report, so
the output can be posted publicly (e.g. as part of a bug report). In order to
generate a full backport of all configuration values the --private
flag
needs to be set:
sudo -u www-data php occ config:list --private
The exported content can also be imported again to allow the fast setup of similar instances. The import command will only add or update values. Values that exist in the current configuration, but not in the one that is being imported are left untouched:
sudo -u www-data php occ config:import filename.json
It is also possible to import remote files, by piping the input:
sudo -u www-data php occ config:import < local-backup.json
Note
While it is possible to update/set/delete the versions and installation
statuses of apps and Nextcloud itself, it is not recommended to do this
directly. Use the occ app:enable
, occ app:disable
and occ update
commands instead.
Getting a Single Configuration Value¶
These commands get the value of a single app or system configuration:
sudo -u www-data php occ config:system:get version
<IP_ADDRESS>
sudo -u www-data php occ config:app:get activity installed_version
2.2.1
Setting a Single Configuration Value¶
These commands set the value of a single app or system configuration:
sudo -u www-data php occ config:system:set logtimezone
--value="Europe/Berlin"
System config value logtimezone set to Europe/Berlin
sudo -u www-data php occ config:app:set files_sharing
incoming_server2server_share_enabled --value="yes" --type=boolean
Config value incoming_server2server_share_enabled for app files_sharing set to yes
The config:system:set
command creates the value, if it does not already
exist. To update an existing value, set --update-only
:
sudo -u www-data php occ config:system:set doesnotexist --value="true"
--type=boolean --update-only
Value not updated, as it has not been set before.
Note that in order to write a Boolean, float, or integer value to the
configuration file, you need to specify the type on your command. This
applies only to the config:system:set
command. The following values are
known:
boolean
integer
float
string
(default)
When you want to e.g. disable the maintenance mode run the following command:
sudo -u www-data php occ config:system:set maintenance --value=false
--type=boolean
Nextcloud is in maintenance mode - no app have been loaded
System config value maintenance set to boolean false
Setting an array Configuration Value¶
Some configurations (e.g. the trusted domain setting) are an array of data.
In order to set (and also get) the value of one key, you can specify multiple
config
names separated by spaces:
sudo -u www-data php occ config:system:get trusted_domains
localhost
nextcloud.local
sample.tld
To replace sample.tld
with example.com
trusted_domains => 2 needs to be
set:
sudo -u www-data php occ config:system:set trusted_domains 2
--value=example.com
System config value trusted_domains => 2 set to string example.com
sudo -u www-data php occ config:system:get trusted_domains
localhost
nextcloud.local
example.com
Deleting a Single Configuration Value¶
These commands delete the configuration of an app or system configuration:
sudo -u www-data php occ config:system:delete maintenance:mode
System config value maintenance:mode deleted
sudo -u www-data php occ config:app:delete appname provisioning_api
Config value provisioning_api of app appname deleted
The delete command will by default not complain if the configuration was not set
before. If you want to be notified in that case, set the
--error-if-not-exists
flag:
sudo -u www-data php occ config:system:delete doesnotexist
--error-if-not-exists
Config provisioning_api of app appname could not be deleted because it did not
exist
Dav Commands¶
A set of commands to create addressbooks, calendars, and to migrate addressbooks from 8.2 when you upgrade to 9.0:
dav
dav:create-addressbook Create a dav addressbook
dav:create-calendar Create a dav calendar
dav:migrate-addressbooks Migrate addressbooks from the contacts
app to core
dav:migrate-calendars Migrate calendars from the calendar app to
core
dav:sync-birthday-calendar Synchronizes the birthday calendar
dav:sync-system-addressbook Synchronizes users to the system
addressbook
The syntax for dav:create-addressbook
and dav:create-calendar
is
dav:create-addressbook [user] [name]
. This example creates the addressbook
mollybook
for the user molly:
sudo -u www-data php occ dav:create-addressbook molly mollybook
This example creates a new calendar for molly:
sudo -u www-data php occ dav:create-calendar molly mollycal
Molly will immediately see these on her Calendar and Contacts pages.
In 9.0, the CalDAV server has been integrated into core. Your existing calendars and contacts should migrate automatically when you upgrade. If something goes wrong you can try a manual migration. First delete any partially-migrated calendars or addressbooks. Then run this command to migrate user’s contacts:
sudo -u www-data php occ dav:migrate-addressbooks [user]
Run this command to migrate calendars:
sudo -u www-data php occ dav:migrate-calendars [user]
See ownCloud 9.0 - calendar migration analysis for help with troubleshooting and reporting problems.
dav:sync-birthday-calendar
adds all birthdays to your calendar from
addressbooks shared with you. This example syncs to your calendar from user
bernie:
sudo -u www-data php occ dav:sync-birthday-calendar bernie
dav:sync-system-addressbook
synchronizes all users to the system
addressbook:
sudo -u www-data php occ dav:sync-system-addressbook
Database Conversion¶
The SQLite database is good for testing, and for Nextcloud servers with small
single-user workloads that do not use sync clients, but production servers with
multiple users should use MariaDB, MySQL, or PostgreSQL. You can use occ
to
convert from SQLite to one of these other databases.
db
db:convert-type Convert the Nextcloud database to the newly
configured one
db:generate-change-script generates the change script from the current
connected db to db_structure.xml
You need:
- Your desired database and its PHP connector installed.
- The login and password of a database admin user.
- The database port number, if it is a non-standard port.
This is example converts SQLite to MySQL/MariaDB:
sudo -u www-data php occ db:convert-type mysql oc_dbuser <IP_ADDRESS>
oc_database
For a more detailed explanation see Converting Database Type
Encryption¶
occ
includes a complete set of commands for managing encryption:
encryption
encryption:change-key-storage-root Change key storage root
encryption:decrypt-all Disable server-side encryption and
decrypt all files
encryption:disable Disable encryption
encryption:enable Enable encryption
encryption:enable-master-key Enable the master key. Only available
for fresh installations with no existing
encrypted data! There is also no way to
disable it again.
encryption:encrypt-all Encrypt all files for all users
encryption:list-modules List all available encryption modules
encryption:migrate initial migration to encryption 2.0
encryption:set-default-module Set the encryption default module
encryption:show-key-storage-root Show current key storage root
encryption:status Lists the current status of encryption
encryption:status
shows whether you have active encryption, and your default
encryption module. To enable encryption you must first enable the Encryption
app, and then run encryption:enable
:
sudo -u www-data php occ app:enable encryption
sudo -u www-data php occ encryption:enable
sudo -u www-data php occ encryption:status
- enabled: true
- defaultModule: OC_DEFAULT_MODULE
encryption:change-key-storage-root
is for moving your encryption keys to a
different folder. It takes one argument, newRoot
, which defines your new
root folder:
sudo -u www-data php occ encryption:change-key-storage-root /etc/oc-keys
You can see the current location of your keys folder:
sudo -u www-data php occ encryption:show-key-storage-root
Current key storage root: default storage location (data/)
encryption:list-modules
displays your available encryption modules. You will
see a list of modules only if you have enabled the Encryption app. Use
encryption:set-default-module [module name]
to set your desired module.
encryption:encrypt-all
encrypts all data files for all users. You must first
put your Nextcloud server into single-user
mode to prevent any user activity until encryption
is completed.
encryption:decrypt-all
decrypts all user data files, or optionally a single
user:
sudo -u www-data php occ encryption:decrypt freda
Users must have enabled recovery keys on their Personal pages. You must first put your Nextcloud server into single-user mode to prevent any user activity until decryption is completed.
Use encryption:disable
to disable your encryption module. You must first put
your Nextcloud server into single-user mode
to prevent any user activity.
encryption:enable-master-key
creates a new master key, which is used for all
user data instead of individual user keys. This is especially useful to enable
single-sign on. Use this only on fresh installations with no existing data, or
on systems where encryption has not already been enabled. It is not possible to
disable it.
encryption:migrate
migrates encryption keys after a major Nextcloud version
upgrade. You may optionally specify individual users in a space-delimited list.
See Encryption Configuration to learn more.
Federation Sync¶
Note
This command is only available when the “Federation” app (federation
) is
enabled.
Synchronize the addressbooks of all federated Nextcloud servers:
federation:sync-addressbooks Synchronizes addressbooks of all
federated clouds
In Nextcloud, servers connected with federation shares can share user address books, and auto-complete usernames in share dialogs. Use this command to synchronize federated servers:
sudo -u www-data php occ federation:sync-addressbooks
File Operations¶
occ
has three commands for managing files in Nextcloud:
files
files:cleanup cleanup filecache
files:scan rescan filesystem
files:transfer-ownership All files and folders are moved to another
user - shares are moved as well.
The files:scan
command scans for new files and updates the file cache. You
may rescan all files, per-user, a space-delimited list of users, and limit the
search path. If not using --quiet
, statistics will be shown at the end of
the scan:
sudo -u www-data php occ files:scan --help
Usage:
files:scan [-p|--path="..."] [-q|--quiet] [-v|vv|vvv --verbose] [--all]
[user_id1] ... [user_idN]
Arguments:
user_id will rescan all files of the given user(s)
Options:
--path limit rescan to the user/path given
--all will rescan all files of all known users
--quiet suppress any output
--verbose files and directories being processed are shown
additionally during scanning
--unscanned scan only previously unscanned files
Verbosity levels of -vv
or -vvv
are automatically reset to -v
Note for option –unscanned: In general there is a background job (through cron) that will do that scan periodically. The –unscanned option makes it possible to trigger this from the CLI.
When using the --path
option, the path must consist of following
components:
"user_id/files/path"
or
"user_id/files/mount_name"
or
"user_id/files/mount_name/path"
where the term files
is mandatory.
Example:
--path="/alice/files/Music"
In the example above, the user_id alice
is determined implicitly from the
path component given.
The --path
, --all
and [user_id]
parameters and are exclusive - only
one must be specified.
files:cleanup
tidies up the server’s file cache by deleting all file
entries that have no matching entries in the storage table.
You may transfer all files and shares from one user to another. This is useful before removing a user:
sudo -u www-data php occ files:transfer-ownership <source-user>
<destination-user>
Files External¶
Note
These commands are only available when the “External storage support” app
(files_external
) is enabled.
Commands for managing external storage:
files_external
files_external:applicable Manage applicable users and groups for a mount
files_external:backends Show available authentication and storage backends
files_external:config Manage backend configuration for a mount
files_external:create Create a new mount configuration
files_external:delete Delete an external mount
files_external:export Export mount configurations
files_external:import Import mount configurations
files_external:list List configured mounts
files_external:option Manage mount options for a mount
files_external:verify Verify mount configuration
files_external:notify Listen for active update notifications for a configured external mount
These commands replicate the functionality in the Nextcloud Web GUI, plus two new
features: files_external:export
and files_external:import
.
Use files_external:export
to export all admin mounts to stdout, and
files_external:export [user_id]
to export the mounts of the specified
Nextcloud user.
Use files_external:import [filename]
to import legacy JSON configurations,
and to copy external mount configurations to another Nextcloud server.
Integrity Check¶
Apps which have an official tag MUST be code signed with Nextcloud. Unsigned official apps won’t be installable anymore. Code signing is optional for all third-party applications:
integrity
integrity:check-app Check app integrity using a signature.
integrity:check-core Check core integrity using a signature.
integrity:sign-app Signs an app using a private key.
integrity:sign-core Sign core using a private key
After creating your signing key, sign your app like this example:
sudo -u www-data php occ integrity:sign-app --privateKey=/Users/lukasreschke/contacts.key --certificate=/Users/lukasreschke/CA/contacts.crt --path=/Users/lukasreschke/Programming/contacts
Verify your app:
sudo -u www-data php occ integrity:check-app --path=/pathto/app appname
When it returns nothing, your app is signed correctly. When it returns a message then there is an error. See Code Signing in the Developer manual for more detailed information. .. TODO ON RELEASE: Update version number above on release
integrity:sign-core
is for Nextcloud core developers only.
See Code Signing to learn more.
l10n, Create Javascript Translation Files for Apps¶
This command is for app developers to update their translation mechanism from ownCloud 7 to Nextcloud.
LDAP Commands¶
Note
These commands are only available when the “LDAP user and group backend” app
(user_ldap
) is enabled.
These LDAP commands appear only when you have enabled the LDAP app. Then
you can run the following LDAP commands with occ
:
ldap
ldap:check-user checks whether a user exists on LDAP.
ldap:create-empty-config creates an empty LDAP configuration
ldap:delete-config deletes an existing LDAP configuration
ldap:search executes a user or group search
ldap:set-config modifies an LDAP configuration
ldap:show-config shows the LDAP configuration
ldap:show-remnants shows which users are not available on
LDAP anymore, but have remnants in
Nextcloud.
ldap:test-config tests an LDAP configuration
Search for an LDAP user, using this syntax:
sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:search [--group] [--offset="..."]
[--limit="..."] search
Searches will match at the beginning of the attribute value only. This example searches for givenNames that start with “rob”:
sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:search "rob"
This will find robbie, roberta, and robin. Broaden the search to find, for
example, jeroboam
with the asterisk wildcard:
sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:search "*rob"
User search attributes are set with ldap:set-config
(below). For example, if your search attributes are
givenName
and sn
you can find users by first name + last name very
quickly. For example, you’ll find Terri Hanson by searching for te ha
.
Trailing whitespaces are ignored.
Check if an LDAP user exists. This works only if the Nextcloud server is connected to an LDAP server:
sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:check-user robert
ldap:check-user
will not run a check when it finds a disabled LDAP
connection. This prevents users that exist on disabled LDAP connections from
being marked as deleted. If you know for certain that the user you are searching for
is not in one of the disabled connections, and exists on an active connection,
use the --force
option to force it to check all active LDAP connections:
sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:check-user --force robert
ldap:create-empty-config
creates an empty LDAP configuration. The first
one you create has no configID
, like this example:
sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:create-empty-config
Created new configuration with configID ''
This is a holdover from the early days, when there was no option to create additional configurations. The second, and all subsequent, configurations that you create are automatically assigned IDs:
sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:create-empty-config
Created new configuration with configID 's01'
Then you can list and view your configurations:
sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:show-config
And view the configuration for a single configID:
sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:show-config s01
ldap:delete-config [configID]
deletes an existing LDAP configuration:
sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:delete s01
Deleted configuration with configID 's01'
The ldap:set-config
command is for manipulating configurations, like this
example that sets search attributes:
sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:set-config s01 ldapAttributesForUserSearch
"cn;givenname;sn;displayname;mail"
ldap:test-config
tests whether your configuration is correct and can bind to
the server:
sudo -u www-data php occ ldap:test-config s01
The configuration is valid and the connection could be established!
ldap:show-remnants
is for cleaning up the LDAP mappings table, and is
documented in LDAP User Cleanup.
Logging Commands¶
These commands view and configure your Nextcloud logging preferences:
log
log:manage manage logging configuration
log:owncloud manipulate Nextcloud logging backend
Run log:owncloud
to see your current logging status:
sudo -u www-data php occ log:owncloud
Log backend Nextcloud: enabled
Log file: /opt/nextcloud/data/nextcloud.log
Rotate at: disabled
Use the --enable
option to turn on logging. Use --file
to set a
different log file path. Set your rotation by log file size in bytes with
--rotate-size
; 0 disables rotation.
log:manage
sets your logging backend, log level, and timezone. The defaults
are owncloud
, Warning
, and UTC
. Available options are:
- –backend [owncloud, syslog, errorlog]
- –level [debug, info, warning, error]
Maintenance Commands¶
Use these commands when you upgrade Nextcloud, manage encryption, perform backups and other tasks that require locking users out until you are finished:
maintenance
maintenance:mimetype:update-db Update database mimetypes and update
filecache
maintenance:mimetype:update-js Update mimetypelist.js
maintenance:mode set maintenance mode
maintenance:repair repair this installation
maintenance:singleuser set single user mode
maintenance:mode
locks the sessions of all logged-in users, including
administrators, and displays a status screen warning that the server is in
maintenance mode. Users who are not already logged in cannot log in until
maintenance mode is turned off. When you take the server out of maintenance mode
logged-in users must refresh their Web browsers to continue working:
sudo -u www-data php occ maintenance:mode --on
sudo -u www-data php occ maintenance:mode --off
Putting your Nextcloud server into single-user mode allows admins to log in and work, but not ordinary users. This is useful for performing maintenance and troubleshooting on a running server:
sudo -u www-data php occ maintenance:singleuser --on
Single user mode enabled
Turn it off when you’re finished:
sudo -u www-data php occ maintenance:singleuser --off
Single user mode disabled
The maintenance:repair
command runs automatically during upgrades to clean
up the database, so while you can run it manually there usually isn’t a need
to:
sudo -u www-data php occ maintenance:repair
maintenance:mimetype:update-db
updates the Nextcloud database and file cache
with changed mimetypes found in config/mimetypemapping.json
. Run this
command after modifying config/mimetypemapping.json
. If you change a
mimetype, run maintenance:mimetype:update-db --repair-filecache
to apply the
change to existing files.
Security¶
Use these commands to manage server-wide SSL certificates. These are useful when you create federation shares with other Nextcloud servers that use self-signed certificates:
security
security:certificates list trusted certificates
security:certificates:import import trusted certificate
security:certificates:remove remove trusted certificate
This example lists your installed certificates:
sudo -u www-data php occ security:certificates
Import a new certificate:
sudo -u www-data php occ security:import /path/to/certificate
Remove a certificate:
sudo -u www-data php occ security:remove [certificate name]
Shibboleth Modes (Enterprise Edition only)¶
Note
This command is only available when the “Shibboleth user backend” app
(user_shibboleth
) is enabled.
shibboleth:mode
sets your Shibboleth mode to notactive
,
autoprovision
, or ssoonly
:
shibboleth:mode [mode]
Trashbin¶
Note
This command is only available when the “Deleted files” app
(files_trashbin
) is enabled.
The trashbin:cleanup
command removes the deleted files of the specified
users in a space-delimited list, or all users if none are specified.
trashbin
trashbin:cleanup Remove deleted files
This example removes the deleted files of all users:
sudo -u www-data php occ trashbin:cleanup
Remove all deleted files
Remove deleted files for users on backend Database
freda
molly
stash
rosa
edward
This example removes the deleted files of users molly and freda:
sudo -u www-data php occ trashbin:cleanup molly freda
Remove deleted files of molly
Remove deleted files of freda
User Commands¶
The user
commands create and remove users, reset passwords, display a simple
report showing how many users you have, and when a user was last logged in:
user
user:add adds a user
user:delete deletes the specified user
user:disable disables the specified user
user:enable enables the specified user
user:lastseen shows when the user was logged in last time
user:report shows how many users have access
user:resetpassword Resets the password of the named user
user:setting Read and modify user settings
You can create a new user with their display name, login name, and any group
memberships with the user:add
command. The syntax is:
user:add [--password-from-env] [--display-name[="..."]] [-g|--group[="..."]]
uid
The display-name
corresponds to the Full Name on the Users page in your
Nextcloud Web UI, and the uid
is their Username, which is their
login name. This example adds new user Layla Smith, and adds her to the
users and db-admins groups. Any groups that do not exist are created:
sudo -u www-data php occ user:add --display-name="Layla Smith"
--group="users" --group="db-admins" layla
Enter password:
Confirm password:
The user "layla" was created successfully
Display name set to "Layla Smith"
User "layla" added to group "users"
User "layla" added to group "db-admins"
Go to your Users page, and you will see your new user.
password-from-env
allows you to set the user’s password from an environment
variable. This prevents the password from being exposed to all users via the
process list, and will only be visible in the history of the user (root)
running the command. This also permits creating scripts for adding multiple new
users.
To use password-from-env
you must run as “real” root, rather than sudo
,
because sudo
strips environment variables. This example adds new user Fred
Jones:
export OC_PASS=newpassword
su -s /bin/sh www-data -c 'php occ user:add --password-from-env
--display-name="Fred Jones" --group="users" fred'
The user "fred" was created successfully
Display name set to "Fred Jones"
User "fred" added to group "users"
You can reset any user’s password, including administrators (see Resetting a Lost Admin Password):
sudo -u www-data php occ user:resetpassword layla
Enter a new password:
Confirm the new password:
Successfully reset password for layla
You may also use password-from-env
to reset passwords:
export OC_PASS=newpassword
su -s /bin/sh www-data -c 'php occ user:resetpassword --password-from-env
layla'
Successfully reset password for layla
You can delete users:
sudo -u www-data php occ user:delete fred
View a user’s most recent login:
sudo -u www-data php occ user:lastseen layla
layla's last login: 09.01.2015 18:46
Read user settings:
sudo -u www-data php occ user:setting layla
- core:
- lang: en
- login:
- lastLogin:<PHONE_NUMBER>
- settings:
- email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Filter by app:
sudo -u www-data php occ user:setting layla core
- core:
- lang: en
Get a single setting:
sudo -u www-data php occ user:setting layla core lang
en
Set a setting:
sudo -u www-data php occ user:setting layla settings email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Delete a setting:
sudo -u www-data php occ user:setting layla settings email --delete
Generate a simple report that counts all users, including users on external user authentication servers such as LDAP:
sudo -u www-data php occ user:report
+------------------+----+
| User Report | |
+------------------+----+
| Database | 12 |
| LDAP | 86 |
| | |
| total users | 98 |
| | |
| user directories | 2 |
+------------------+----+
Versions¶
Note
This command is only available when the “Versions” app (files_versions
) is
enabled.
Use this command to delete file versions for specific users, or for all users when none are specified:
versions
versions:cleanup Delete versions
This example deletes all versions for all users:
sudo -u www-data php occ versions:cleanup
Delete all versions
Delete versions for users on backend Database
freda
molly
stash
rosa
edward
You can delete versions for specific users in a space-delimited list:
sudo -u www-data php occ versions:cleanup
Delete versions of freda
Delete versions of molly
Command Line Installation¶
These commands are available only after you have downloaded and unpacked the Nextcloud archive, and taken no further installation steps.
You can install Nextcloud entirely from the command line. After downloading the
tarball and copying Nextcloud into the appropriate directories you can use occ
commands in place of running the graphical Installation Wizard.
Apply correct permissions to your Nextcloud directories; see
Setting Strong Directory Permissions. Then choose your occ
options. This lists your
available options:
sudo -u www-data php /var/www/nextcloud/occ
Nextcloud is not installed - only a limited number of commands are available
Nextcloud version 9.0.0
Usage:
[options] command [arguments]
Options:
--help (-h) Display this help message
--quiet (-q) Do not output any message
--verbose (-v|vv|vvv) Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal
output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug
--version (-V) Display this application version
--ansi Force ANSI output
--no-ansi Disable ANSI output
--no-interaction (-n) Do not ask any interactive question
Available commands:
check check dependencies of the server environment
help Displays help for a command
list Lists commands
status show some status information
app
app:check-code check code to be compliant
l10n
l10n:createjs Create javascript translation files for a given app
maintenance
maintenance:install install Nextcloud
Display your maintenance:install
options:
sudo -u www-data php occ help maintenance:install
Nextcloud is not installed - only a limited number of commands are available
Usage:
maintenance:install [--database="..."] [--database-name="..."]
[--database-host="..."] [--database-user="..."] [--database-pass[="..."]]
[--database-table-prefix[="..."]] [--admin-user="..."] [--admin-pass="..."]
[--data-dir="..."]
Options:
--database Supported database type (default: "sqlite")
--database-name Name of the database
--database-host Hostname of the database (default: "localhost")
--database-user User name to connect to the database
--database-pass Password of the database user
--database-table-prefix Prefix for all tables (default: oc_)
--admin-user User name of the admin account (default: "admin")
--admin-pass Password of the admin account
--data-dir Path to data directory (default:
"/var/www/nextcloud/data")
--help (-h) Display this help message
--quiet (-q) Do not output any message
--verbose (-v|vv|vvv) Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal
output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug
--version (-V) Display this application version
--ansi Force ANSI output
--no-ansi Disable ANSI output
--no-interaction (-n) Do not ask any interactive question
This example completes the installation:
cd /var/www/nextcloud/
sudo -u www-data php occ maintenance:install --database
"mysql" --database-name "nextcloud" --database-user "root" --database-pass
"password" --admin-user "admin" --admin-pass "password"
Nextcloud is not installed - only a limited number of commands are available
Nextcloud was successfully installed
Supported databases are:
- sqlite (SQLite3 - Nextcloud Community edition only)
- mysql (MySQL/MariaDB)
- pgsql (PostgreSQL)
- oci (Oracle - Nextcloud Enterprise edition only)
Command Line Upgrade¶
These commands are available only after you have downloaded upgraded packages or tar archives, and before you complete the upgrade.
List all options, like this example on CentOS Linux:
sudo -u apache php occ upgrade -h
Usage:
upgrade [--skip-migration-test] [--dry-run] [--no-app-disable]
Options:
--skip-migration-test skips the database schema migration simulation and
update directly
--dry-run only runs the database schema migration simulation, do
not actually update
--no-app-disable skips the disable of third party apps
--help (-h) Display this help message.
--quiet (-q) Do not output any message.
--verbose (-v|vv|vvv) Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output,
2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug.
--version (-V) Display this application version.
--ansi Force ANSI output.
--no-ansi Disable ANSI output.
--no-interaction (-n) Do not ask any interactive question
When you are performing an update or upgrade on your Nextcloud server (see the
Maintenance section of this manual), it is better to use occ
to perform the
database upgrade step, rather than the Web GUI, in order to avoid timeouts. PHP
scripts invoked from the Web interface are limited to 3600 seconds. In larger
environments this may not be enough, leaving the system in an inconsistent
state. After performing all the preliminary steps (see
How to Upgrade Your Nextcloud Server) use this command to upgrade your databases,
like this example on CentOS Linux. Note how it details the steps:
sudo -u www-data php occ upgrade
Nextcloud or one of the apps require upgrade - only a limited number of
commands are available
Turned on maintenance mode
Checked database schema update
Checked database schema update for apps
Updated database
Updating <gallery> ...
Updated <gallery> to 0.6.1
Updating <activity> ...
Updated <activity> to 2.1.0
Update successful
Turned off maintenance mode
Enabling verbosity displays timestamps:
sudo -u www-data php occ upgrade -v
Nextcloud or one of the apps require upgrade - only a limited number of commands are available
2015-06-23T09:06:15+0000 Turned on maintenance mode
2015-06-23T09:06:15+0000 Checked database schema update
2015-06-23T09:06:15+0000 Checked database schema update for apps
2015-06-23T09:06:15+0000 Updated database
2015-06-23T09:06:15+0000 Updated <files_sharing> to 0.6.6
2015-06-23T09:06:15+0000 Update successful
2015-06-23T09:06:15+0000 Turned off maintenance mode
If there is an error it throws an exception, and the error is detailed in your Nextcloud logfile, so you can use the log output to figure out what went wrong, or to use in a bug report:
Turned on maintenance mode
Checked database schema update
Checked database schema update for apps
Updated database
Updating <files_sharing> ...
Exception
ServerNotAvailableException: LDAP server is not available
Update failed
Turned off maintenance mode
Before completing the upgrade, Nextcloud first runs a simulation by copying all
database tables to new tables, and then performs the upgrade on them, to ensure
that the upgrade will complete correctly. The copied tables are deleted after
the upgrade. This takes twice as much time, which on large installations can be
many hours, so you can omit this step with the --skip-migration-test
option:
sudo -u www-data php occ upgrade --skip-migration-test
You can perform this simulation manually with the --dry-run
option:
sudo -u www-data php occ upgrade --dry-run
Two-factor Authentication¶
If a two-factor provider app is enabled, it is enabled for all users by default (though the provider can decide whether or not the user has to pass the challenge). In the case of an user losing access to the second factor (e.g. lost phone with two-factor SMS verification), the admin can temporarily disable the two-factor check for that user via the occ command:
sudo -u www-data php occ twofactor:disable <username>
To re-enable two-factor auth again use the following commmand:
sudo -u www-data php occ twofactor:enable <username>
Disable Users¶
Admins can disable users via the occ command too:
sudo -u www-data php occ user:disable <username>
Use the following command to enable the user again:
sudo -u www-data php occ user:enable <username>
Note that once users are disabled, their connected browsers will be disconnected.


What learnings did you take from the chapter?
Emotional intelligence is almost as important as intellectual intelligence when it comes to being a great engineer. It is a really important quality for your work and your organisation. Anyone can be trained to increase emotional intelligence through the art of mindfulness. Mindfulness is about being in the present moment, an being fully aware, coming from a place of non judgement. Emotions are both in the brain and in the body, so listen to your body.
How did you find the two minutes of mindfulness?
I thought it was quite a revelation- I was focussing on my breathing and it was rather surreal and also calming. Ididn't realise simple breathing could produce such sense of calm. Its something I want to keep trying in future.


Kumi adjudged YEA Youth Photographer of the Year
by Simon Asare, GNAAccra, Nov. 21, GNA - Samuel Kumi has retained the Photographer of the Year accolade at the Youth Excellence Awards (YEA).
The third edition of the awards seeks to recognize hardworking future leaders for their dedication and achievements in their respective fields.
According to the 24 year-old, known as "Ace Photographer", he was delighted to win the award for the second successive time and would be a great motivation for him.
''To win the award for the second time shows how far I have come and I want to thank the organizers for recognizing my efforts.
''I'm grateful to the management of Ace Photography for their support of the past years and we shall certainly move to greater heights,'' he said.
The Ace Photography brand under Martcarl Entertainment, promotes works of Ghanaian acts and well known top photography brand.
GNA


The Go Ahead Boys and the Racing Motor-Boat
by Ross Kay
Chapter 22
Additional Information
- Year Published: 1916
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: United States of America
-
Source:
Kay, Ross. (1916).
. New York: Goldsmith.
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 5.2
- Word Count: 1,957
- Genre: Adventure
- Keywords: life experiences
- ✎ Cite This
Downloads
In a brief time the Black Growler was fast to one of the side-docks and the party prepared to disembark.
“I’m not going to leave that boat without somebody stayin’ on board,” asserted Sam positively, when he was aware that the Go Ahead boys were all planning to accompany him.
“What are you afraid of?” inquired George. “There’s some one around here all the time and no one could do any damage without being seen.”
“It doesn’t make any difference,” asserted Sam. “A man might drop sand into the bearings or grease cups or do some other mean trick and nobody ever see him.”
“All right, then,” laughed George, “I’ll be the goat. I’ll stay here while you’re gone. I guess I shan’t be lonesome,” he added with a laugh as he glanced at the increasing assembly which already had been drawn to the dock to gaze at the beautiful little motor-boat.
Soon after the departure of his friends, George seated himself in the stern of the boat and did his utmost to appear indifferent to the admiring glances and words of approval which now were coming from the spectators.
He had secured a copy of the morning paper and was pretending to be interested in the news he was reading.
Suddenly he partly dropped the paper as in the crowd he discovered the canal-man, who had demanded their bond at Cape Vincent. For some reason which George was unable to understand he did not advance to the boat, preferring to remain on the outskirts of the little assembly. The fact, however, that the man was there was in itself somewhat startling.
Still pretending to be interested in his paper, George did his utmost to follow the actions of the man whom he had discovered, but not many minutes had elapsed before he departed from the dock.
When his friends returned the strange man had not come back.
“Did anything happen?” inquired Fred eagerly as he stepped on board.
“What did you think was going to happen?” answered George somewhat evasively.
“I didn’t think anything was,” laughed Fred. “Sam is the only one who is worried.”
“Well, he has some right to be worried, I guess,” said George slowly.
“Why, what’s wrong? What happened?” demanded Fred excitedly.
“Are you ready to explain what you did with that bond that belongs to the Go Ahead boys?” asked George slowly.
“No, sir, I’m not.”
“Then you’ll not be interested in the fact that the man who wanted it came down here to the dock while you were gone.”
“He did? He did?” exclaimed Fred so eagerly that his friends all laughed. “What did he want?”
“That, sir, I can’t explain to you at this time,” answered George, striving to mimic the tones and manner of his friend. “It’s difficult for me to tell the whole story unless I know what you all have to say.”
“I have nothing to say,” retorted Fred.
“Neither have I,” responded George glibly.
Meanwhile Sam had cast off and with his boat-hook had pushed the Black Growler out into the stream. The graceful lines of the motor-boat were more distinctly seen now and the enthusiasm of the spectators was somewhat noisily expressed.
At that moment, however, the Varmint II came sweeping in a great semi-circle toward the dock and the attention of the assembly was quickly divided.
The boys were able to overhear the comparisons which were made, some of them favorable to one boat and some to the other.
The Go Ahead boys, however, were so deeply interested in the sight of their rival that they gave slight heed to the comments. They were keenly watching the young men on board, but in a few minutes they were beyond the sight of the dock and the Varmint II consequently no longer could be seen.
“I tell you, Sam is right,” said George positively. “Those fellows on that Varmint II are a hard crowd. If they have been betting as much money as Sam says they have, it may be that there’s some reason for his being afraid that some accident may happen to the Black Growler.”
“It wouldn’t do any harm to keep pretty close watch anyway,” suggested Grant. “Whatever the weather is I think it will be better to run her into the boat-house every night and put double locks on the doors.”
“We’ll do more than that,” said Sam. “We’ll have somebody on the lookout. I guess it wouldn’t be very much of a job for you boys to divide the night up into watches. I’ll stay on duty until eleven or twelve o’clock and from then on until six wouldn’t take more than an hour and a half from each of you.”
“We’ll do that,” said Fred quickly. “That’s a good suggestion, Sam.”
“But if we have the Black Growler fast inside the boat-house how can any one get at her?” inquired John.
“My dear String,” said Grant solemnly, “I fear now that the remark of that wise Englishman was correct when he said that Nature never built men seven stories high without the top lofts being left empty.”
“I have heard you say that before,” retorted John, irritated by the manner more than by the words of his friend.
“Well, all I can say is,” said Grant, “if you have any gray matter up there where your brain ought to be located you had better begin pretty soon to make it work. If a man wanted to break into the boat-house he wouldn’t have very much trouble in doing it, no matter how many padlocks we put on the doors.”
“That’s right,” spoke up George. “He could dive under the doors, or smash in the window or cut out a glass and if there wasn’t any one on guard he might never be detected. No, sir, we’ve got to establish a guard and the fellow who is on duty must keep up a regular patrol. He must keep walking around the dock all the time.”
“And there may be some other ways by which they will try to get at us besides injuring our boat,” suggested Grant.
“I don’t see what,” spoke up John quickly. “It’s the one boat they are afraid of and if they can only put the Black Growler out of business they won’t have anything to fear, as far as the outcome of the race is concerned. What could they do anyway?”
“Oh, I don’t know,” said Grant. “I can think of a dozen tricks they might play, any one of which might throw us out of the race.”
Grant’s words proved to be more prophetic than he had dreamed. That very afternoon after the boys had taken their daily run over a part of the triangular course where the great race was to be held, an event occurred which confirmed his statement and added strength to Sam’s warning.
The Black Growler already had finished her course and under low speed was moving with the current on her way back to the island where she belonged.
Suddenly and without any warning whistle, a swift little boat dashed out from behind one of the small islands which the Black Growler chanced to be passing at the time and almost before the boys were aware of what was occurring there was a collision.
“Look out! Look out there!” shouted Fred, who was steering, in his loudest tones. At the same time he did his utmost to change the course of the motor-boat. His words of warning, however, were either unheard or unheeded. There was a sharp collision, for the smaller boat was moving swiftly. This was followed by the sound of a grinding crash. In dismay the Go Ahead boys ran to the side of their boat and speedily discovered that the metal bow of the little boat before them had cut a long gash which extended below the water’s edge. Indeed, it was only by an effort that the other boat was freed. To all appearances she was uninjured. On board were two men, plainly belonging to the region.
“What’s the matter with you?” called one of the men on the other boat.
“What’s the matter with YOU?” retorted Fred.  You, yourself, ought to have whistled.”
The damage to the Black Growler, however, was not to be explained away by abuse or questions. Sam, already in the skiff, had brought it along-side and was inspecting the damage on the outside. As yet he had not made any suggestions and how serious the collision might prove to have been was not yet known.
Meanwhile the other boat hastily withdrew and when the Go Ahead boys again looked up to discover where it was, not one of them was able to find it.
“That’s a great note!” exclaimed George in disgust. “They not merely ram us, but they don’t wait nor even offer to help us.”
“They didn’t want to help,” grumbled Sam. “The sooner they could get away from here, the better.”
“What do you mean?” said Grant, abruptly turning to face Sam as he spoke.
“It seems to me,” spoke up John, “that Nature doesn’t have to make every fellow seven stories high to leave his topknot vacant. Sam thinks those fellows ran into us purposely.”
For a moment the Go Ahead boys stared blankly at one another. The suggestion of John in the light of what had occurred after the accident might be true. The men in the other boat were strangers to the boys, not one of whom had ever seen either of them before.
The silent manner in which the sharp little boat had come around the island also was suspicious. With redoubled anxiety the boys turned to Sam to discover how serious was the damage which had been inflicted.
“How do you find it, Sam?” called Fred anxiously. “Are we out of the race?”
Sam shook his head as if he either was unwilling or unable as yet to reply.
 Slight effort was required to keep her headed aright and Fred had remained at the wheel when Sam had begun his investigations.
Conversation now ceased while all four boys anxiously awaited the results of Sam’s efforts to discover whether or not the Black Growler had suffered serious damage.


The BLFS Project has created a Wiki for users to comment on pages and instructions at http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/wiki. Comments are welcome from all users.
The following are the rules for posting:
Users must register and log in to edit a page.
Suggestions to change the book should be made by creating a new ticket, not by making comments in the Wiki.
Questions with your specific installation problems should be made by subscribing and mailing to the BLFS Support Mailing List at mailto:blfs-support AT linuxfromscratch D0T org.
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Inappropriate material will be removed.
Last updated on 2007-04-04 12:42:53 -0700


Lay litigant attempts citizen’s arrest on DPP solicitor in court
Judge said notice of appeal filed by Stephen Manning, from Co Mayo, ‘a bit gobbledygook’
A lay litigant attempted to arrest a solicitor from the office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) in the Court of Appeal on Friday.
Stephen Manning, a candidate in the 2016 general election, had last month attempted to effect a citizen’s arrest on Mr Justice Michael MacGrath, a DPP solicitor and a barrister during judicial review proceedings he had brought in the High Court.
Mr Manning, with addresses in Co Mayo, is now seeking to appeal certain findings by Mr Justice McGrath made in the judicial review proceedings.
During case management procedures in the Court of Appeal on Friday, Mr Manning claimed the title of his proceedings — Stephen Manning versus a Judge of the Circuit Court — had been “unlawfully changed”.
He said his judicial review proceedings had been plagued with difficulties over 26 hearings in the High Court. He made various accusations about fraud and refused to sit down when asked to do so by the President of the Court of Appeal, Mr Justice George Birmingham.
Accompany
After the court had risen for lunch, Mr Manning approached a solicitor from the DPP’s office and told him he wished to effect a citizen’s arrest. He placed his hand on the solicitor’s shoulder and asked that he accompany him to a garda station. The solicitor did not respond.
Members of An Garda Síochána, who were present in court at the time, informed Mr Manning that they would not be taking anybody into custody. Mr Manning said he would be taking the matter “to the Oireachtas”.
During the case management procedure, Mr Justice Birmingham told Mr Manning that his 42-page notice of appeal was “somewhat lacking in focus”, and was “a bit gobbledygook”.
He told Mr Manning to precisely identify the portions of the High Court judgment and order that he wished to appeal, and then file legal submissions. At that point, he said the case could be given a date for hearing.


Calaska Culture
CAlaska Culture is a non-profit organization dedicated to bringing Alaska Native culture to those of us living in California. Although Calaska Culture was officially founded in 2017, we have been hosting events since 2015.
Mission
To promote and share Alaska Native culture in California despite being far from our ancestral lands.
Purpose
For Alaska Natives and their families seeking to learn traditional culture. CAlaska Culture provides education in traditional regalia making, art, history, singing, storytelling and eating traditional foods from the land and sea.
DonnaRae
My name is DonnaRae James (Klinklia). I was born and raised on Prince of Wales Island in the town of Craig Alaska. I have two sons Donavin and Devin.
My mother is Charlene James-Wolfe of Craig Grandmother Evelyn (Blondie), Great Grandfather Ralph Koosk James from Kake Alaska, great grandmother Lydia M James(Naani) of Hydaburg Alaska. Grandfather Joseph K Samuels nephew of Ester Shea of Ketchikan Alaska. My father is of the Raven Dog Salmon from Tuxecan (tux-eh-kaan).
I am Hawaiian, Tlingit, Haida, Eagle Frog of the Kooskadee clan. I have been involved in Tlingit and Haida Central Council as a delegate, Alaska Native Sisterhood, Shaan Seet Incorporated youth intern, cedar bark weaving classes, many cultural events on Prince of Wales, Ketchikan, and Juneau Alaska, Alaska Federation of Natives delegate.
Recently I have started the CAlaska Culture Camp that takes place in March. This is very exciting watching it become a reality after dreaming all these years about it. This years culture camp consisted of drum making, cedar bark weaving, octopus bags, devils club beaded necklaces and paddle making.
In addition to the culture camp I am holding a three day moccasin class in Fort Ross California. October 6th-8th I will be hosting a three day One People Canoe Society Paddle making class with master carver Doug Chilton of Juneau.
My family moved to Roseville, California in 2000. I traveled back and forth to Alaska to continue my job as a flagger holding a stop and go sign in all types of Alaskan weather and worked in the schools as a teachers aide and after schools program.
In 2007 I started working at UC Davis as a Surgical Technologist handing instruments to the surgeons.
I enjoy life with my two sons Donavin and Devin getting out into nature camping and exploring, being with family and friends, and most of all sharing my heritage.


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If you haven't been affected by a cyber attack in the past, it may be easy to overlook the importance
of protecting your digital information.
Just in the years between 2009 and 2018, total malware infections have increased by over 6,600%.
This is extremely alarming, due to the apparent complacency of individuals and small businesses on the matter.
In 2020, global losses from cybercrime reached nearly $1 trillion. This is nearly double on 2018’s losses, estimated to be around $500 billion. Yet, even though our societal digital dependency is only accelerating at an alarming rate within this covid-19 digital environment, the expenditure of cyber-defence costs accrued less than $37 billion in 2018, and only jumped up to around $55 billion in 2020. This is an increase of less than 50% in defence expenditure, even though we see an increase of nearly 100% in total losses. This appears to be a sign of cybersecurity complacency amongst all types of businesses, as well as a sign of slow adaption to evolving threats. But it appears that small to medium business are the most at risk.
It is known that 43% of small businesses (organizations with a size of 1 – 50 employees) lack any type of cybersecurity plan whatsoever. It is also known that about 3 out of 5 small businesses do not think they are at risk of a digital attack. However, nearly 1 in 5 small businesses experience cyber attacks or data breaches. Over one quarter of cyber attacks on organizations actually target small to medium businesses, specifically because attackers are acutely aware of how complacent these types of businesses are and how few actually have adequate security in place.
No business is too large or too small for a cyber-attack. It’s time for the general population to learn more about how frequent these attacks occur and who falls victim, in order to gain better awareness of the risk involved in the greatest most invisible threat of all, ignorance and complacency.
May 24, 2021thanks to W3C for tutorial and adapted code from Style Examples
also thanks to WDN for HTML and CSS resources and any adapted code snippets from Mozilla Developer Network


Blog
What was William Cragh hanged on?
Two words are used by the witnesses to describe the scaffold on which William Cragh was hanged, both of which can mean gallows or gibbet. However, ‘furcis’ and ‘patibulum’ are also commonly translated as being a two pronged fork, yoke, or farm implement made from wood, a prop, or a y shaped frame used for carrying things. This question over the translation has engaged me for months, and I have been trying to read up on what a medieval gallows would have looked like.
The breakthrough came a week ago at our team meeting at Kings College when Paul was showing us how the Early English Laws website digital editions worked - and there it was. The header image on the home page had an image of a man being hanged on a gallows with two uprights, both ‘y’ shaped or forked.
This then explained the possible meanings of the words ‘furcas’ and ‘patibulum’. These common farming implements were evidently put to an alternative use when needed in locations where there was not a permanent scaffold in place as the uprights for a gallows, the structure being completed with the frequently referred to cross-beam.
But the picture explained even more of the details of the hanging, as reported by the witnesses. Firstly, after the cross beam breaks and William and Traharn are hanged for a second time, the witnesses describe how they are strung up again, one from each of the remaining arms. If the tops of the gallow’s uprights were forked as this illustrations shows, then it would have been both logical and practical for them to be hanged from these.
Secondly, the nature of Traharn’s hanging, (which was reportedly the reason for the beam breaking,) is also made clearer. The witnesses say that the rope by which he was hanged was thrown over the cross beam, and he was heaved up sharply. The beam then broke because he was apparently a large and heavy man. While I did not doubt that Traharn could have been hanged in this way, seeing the manuscript illustration made it clearer that this was indeed a standard way of doing so.
A further search for ‘gallows’ in the British Library’s manuscript image database has corroborated this structure, which is excellent news, not least because I have at last been able to settle on my translation of ‘furcas’ as ‘gallows’ and ‘patibulum’ as ‘gibbet’.
Could this image of a criminal being hanged taken from BL MS Royal 6 EVI fol.444 be what our William Cragh was hanged on?
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This is a private ownership consulting Firm. The Firm is based on educational consultancy, organizing training program in Home & Abroad; Arrange multifarious research work in education, environment, wildlife, social welfare, Health & Family welfare, Livestock, Agriculture etc. The Firm have a lot of workmanship resource persons who are always engaged with the research work.
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UK ticket-holder claims £105m EuroMillions jackpot
The prize will be paid out at a ticket validation appointment before the winner decides whether to go public.
A claim has been staked for the £105 million EuroMilliions jackpot won on Tuesday.
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National Lottery operator Camelot said the prize will be paid out at a ticket validation appointment before the winner decides whether to go public.
The big prize on the 25th anniversary of the first National Lottery draw was the sixth EuroMillions jackpot banked in the UK this year.
Andy Carter, senior winners’ adviser at the National Lottery, said: “What a way to celebrate 25 years of the National Lottery.
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A UK ticket-holder won the £170 million EuroMillions jackpot in October, making them the UK’s biggest winner.
The previous biggest UK winners were Colin and Chris Weir, from Largs in North Ayrshire, who won £161 million in July 2011.
A £123 million jackpot was won by a UK ticket-holder in June and a UK winner scooped £38 million on the EuroMillions in April.
Ade Goodchild, from Hereford, bagged £71 million on March 15 and Patrick and Frances Connolly, from Northern Ireland, won £114.9 million on New Year’s Day.


Given an axisymmetric tokamak equilibrium in (R,ϕ,Z) coordinates (e.g., 2D data Ψ(R,Z) on a rectangular grids (R,Z) in G-ﬁle), we can construct a magnetic surface coordinates (ψ,𝜃,ϕ) by the following two steps. (1) Find out a series of magnetic surfaces on (R,Z) plane and select radial coordinates for each magnetic surface (e.g. the poloidal ﬂux within each magnetic surface). (2) Specify the Jacobian or some property that we want the poloidal angle to have. Then calculate the poloidal angle of each point on each ﬂux surface (on the ϕ = const plane) by using Eq. (168) (if the Jacobian is speciﬁed) or some method speciﬁed by us to achieve some property we prefer for the poloidal angle (if a Jacobian is not directly speciﬁed). Then we obtain the magnetic surface coordinates system (ψ,𝜃,ϕ).