|
ActiveTcl User Guide
|
||
Tcl_NewStringObj, Tcl_NewUnicodeObj, Tcl_SetStringObj, Tcl_SetUnicodeObj, Tcl_GetStringFromObj, Tcl_GetString, Tcl_GetUnicodeFromObj, Tcl_GetUnicode, Tcl_GetUniChar, Tcl_GetCharLength, Tcl_GetRange, Tcl_AppendToObj, Tcl_AppendUnicodeToObj, Tcl_AppendStringsToObj, Tcl_AppendStringsToObjVA, Tcl_AppendObjToObj, Tcl_SetObjLength, Tcl_ConcatObj, Tcl_AttemptSetObjLength - manipulate Tcl objects as strings
#include <tcl.h>
Tcl_Obj *
Tcl_NewStringObj(bytes, length)
Tcl_Obj *
Tcl_NewUnicodeObj(unicode, numChars)
void
Tcl_SetStringObj(objPtr, bytes, length)
void
Tcl_SetUnicodeObj(objPtr, unicode, numChars)
char *
Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objPtr, lengthPtr)
char *
Tcl_GetString(objPtr)
Tcl_UniChar *
Tcl_GetUnicodeFromObj(objPtr, lengthPtr)
Tcl_UniChar *
Tcl_GetUnicode(objPtr)
Tcl_UniChar
Tcl_GetUniChar(objPtr, index)
int
Tcl_GetCharLength(objPtr)
Tcl_Obj *
Tcl_GetRange(objPtr, first, last)
void
Tcl_AppendToObj(objPtr, bytes, length)
void
Tcl_AppendUnicodeToObj(objPtr, unicode, numChars)
void
Tcl_AppendObjToObj(objPtr, appendObjPtr)
void
Tcl_AppendStringsToObj(objPtr, string, string, ...
(char *) NULL)
void
Tcl_AppendStringsToObjVA(objPtr, argList)
void
Tcl_SetObjLength(objPtr, newLength)
int
Tcl_AttemptSetObjLength(objPtr, newLength)
Tcl_Obj *
Tcl_ConcatObj(objc, objv)
The procedures described in this manual entry allow Tcl objects to be manipulated as string values. They use the internal representation of the object to store additional information to make the string manipulations more efficient. In particular, they make a series of append operations efficient by allocating extra storage space for the string so that it doesn't have to be copied for each append. Also, indexing and length computations are optimized because the Unicode string representation is calculated and cached as needed. When using the Tcl_Append* family of functions where the interpreter's result is the object being appended to, it is important to call Tcl_ResetResult first to ensure you are not unintentionally appending to existing data in the result object.
Tcl_NewStringObj and Tcl_SetStringObj create a new object or modify an existing object to hold a copy of the string given by bytes and length. Tcl_NewUnicodeObj and Tcl_SetUnicodeObj create a new object or modify an existing object to hold a copy of the Unicode string given by unicode and numChars. Tcl_NewStringObj and Tcl_NewUnicodeObj return a pointer to a newly created object with reference count zero. All four procedures set the object to hold a copy of the specified string. Tcl_SetStringObj and Tcl_SetUnicodeObj free any old string representation as well as any old internal representation of the object.
Tcl_GetStringFromObj and Tcl_GetString return an object's string representation. This is given by the returned byte pointer and (for Tcl_GetStringFromObj) length, which is stored in lengthPtr if it is non-NULL. If the object's UTF string representation is invalid (its byte pointer is NULL), the string representation is regenerated from the object's internal representation. The storage referenced by the returned byte pointer is owned by the object manager. It is passed back as a writable pointer so that extension author creating their own Tcl_ObjType will be able to modify the string representation within the Tcl_UpdateStringProc of their Tcl_ObjType. Except for that limited purpose, the pointer returned by Tcl_GetStringFromObj or Tcl_GetString should be treated as read-only. It is recommended that this pointer be assigned to a (CONST char *) variable. Even in the limited situations where writing to this pointer is acceptable, one should take care to respect the copy-on-write semantics required by Tcl_Obj's, with appropriate calls to Tcl_IsShared and Tcl_DuplicateObj prior to any in-place modification of the string representation. The procedure Tcl_GetString is used in the common case where the caller does not need the length of the string representation.
Tcl_GetUnicodeFromObj and Tcl_GetUnicode return an object's value as a Unicode string. This is given by the returned pointer and (for Tcl_GetUnicodeFromObj) length, which is stored in lengthPtr if it is non-NULL. The storage referenced by the returned byte pointer is owned by the object manager and should not be modified by the caller. The procedure Tcl_GetUnicode is used in the common case where the caller does not need the length of the unicode string representation.
Tcl_GetUniChar returns the index'th character in the object's Unicode representation.
Tcl_GetRange returns a newly created object comprised of the characters between first and last (inclusive) in the object's Unicode representation. If the object's Unicode representation is invalid, the Unicode representation is regenerated from the object's string representation.
Tcl_GetCharLength returns the number of characters (as opposed to bytes) in the string object.
Tcl_AppendToObj appends the data given by bytes and length to the string representation of the object specified by objPtr. If the object has an invalid string representation, then an attempt is made to convert bytes is to the Unicode format. If the conversion is successful, then the converted form of bytes is appended to the object's Unicode representation. Otherwise, the object's Unicode representation is invalidated and converted to the UTF format, and bytes is appended to the object's new string representation.
Tcl_AppendUnicodeToObj appends the Unicode string given by unicode and numChars to the object specified by objPtr. If the object has an invalid Unicode representation, then unicode is converted to the UTF format and appended to the object's string representation. Appends are optimized to handle repeated appends relatively efficiently (it overallocates the string or Unicode space to avoid repeated reallocations and copies of object's string value).
Tcl_AppendObjToObj is similar to Tcl_AppendToObj, but it appends the string or Unicode value (whichever exists and is best suited to be appended to objPtr) of appendObjPtr to objPtr.
Tcl_AppendStringsToObj is similar to Tcl_AppendToObj except that it can be passed more than one value to append and each value must be a null-terminated string (i.e. none of the values may contain internal null characters). Any number of string arguments may be provided, but the last argument must be a NULL pointer to indicate the end of the list.
Tcl_AppendStringsToObjVA is the same as Tcl_AppendStringsToObj except that instead of taking a variable number of arguments it takes an argument list.
The Tcl_SetObjLength procedure changes the length of the string value of its objPtr argument. If the newLength argument is greater than the space allocated for the object's string, then the string space is reallocated and the old value is copied to the new space; the bytes between the old length of the string and the new length may have arbitrary values. If the newLength argument is less than the current length of the object's string, with objPtr->length is reduced without reallocating the string space; the original allocated size for the string is recorded in the object, so that the string length can be enlarged in a subsequent call to Tcl_SetObjLength without reallocating storage. In all cases Tcl_SetObjLength leaves a null character at objPtr->bytes[newLength].
Tcl_AttemptSetObjLength is identical in function to Tcl_SetObjLength except that if sufficient memory to satisfy the request cannot be allocated, it does not cause the Tcl interpreter to panic. Thus, if newLength is greater than the space allocated for the object's string, and there is not enough memory available to satisfy the request, Tcl_AttemptSetObjLength will take no action and return 0 to indicate failure. If there is enough memory to satisfy the request, Tcl_AttemptSetObjLength behaves just like Tcl_SetObjLength and returns 1 to indicate success.
The Tcl_ConcatObj function returns a new string object whose value is the space-separated concatenation of the string representations of all of the objects in the objv array. Tcl_ConcatObj eliminates leading and trailing white space as it copies the string representations of the objv array to the result. If an element of the objv array consists of nothing but white space, then that object is ignored entirely. This white-space removal was added to make the output of the concat command cleaner-looking. Tcl_ConcatObj returns a pointer to a newly-created object whose ref count is zero.
Tcl_NewObj, Tcl_IncrRefCount, Tcl_DecrRefCount
append, internal representation, object, object type, string object, string type, string representation, concat, concatenate, unicode
Copyright © 1994-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Copyright © 1995-1997 Roger E. Critchlow Jr.


{% extends 'inheritanceClassworkApp/base.html' %} {% block header %}
If you have any questions, comments, or concerns, we are happy to help. Send us a message to start a conversation with us today. 1-901-229-1720 88 Union Avenue 2nd Floor Memphis, TN 38103<EMAIL_ADDRESS>{% endblock header %} {% block content %}88 Union Avenue, 2nd Floor, Memphis, TN 38103 |<PHONE_NUMBER> |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| #GritGrindCode
{% endblock footer %}


How to use Chrome’s now hidden tab control features
by Michael AllisonGoogle did a small redesign of Chrome’s USer interface with Chrome 77, changing the position of tab management features that had lived within the tab context menu for years. If you’re thrown off by this, don’t be. We’ll show you how to get them back — some of them anyway.
How to bookmark all tabs
You can use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Shift + D or right click on the Chrome title bar and select ‘Bookmark all tabs’ from the new context menu.
How to re-open closed tabs
Ctrl + D or Right Click on the Chrome title bar and select re-open closed tab. You can also open the overflow button, navigate to history and hover over it to see a list of all your Chrome tabs.
Unfortunately, Close Other Tabs appears to be gone entirely from the context menus — so you’ll probably have to do without. Google giveth, and Google taketh away with.
Google may well be bringing it back in a future update, but the confusing UI change has no doubt thrown some users off their game. Sure, perhaps it contextually didn’t make any sense as per Google’s data-driven research, but familiarity beats change for its own sake, at least in the opinion of this writer.


The IRIS functions have usually two types of input arguments. First, you specify the required arguments, which come in a fixed order. After them, you can specify some (or all or none) of the optional arguments. Each optional argument comes as a name-value pair, and you can enter them in any order.
Example:
One of the input arguments of the hpf function (the Hodrick-Prescott filter) is 'lambda', the smoothing parameter. Its default setting depends on the periodicity of the input times series: it is e.g. 1600 for quarterly times series (you can check "help tseries/hpf" for all options). Hence, if you run the function without any optional arguments, i.e.
[xtnd,xgap] = hpf(x,qq(1990,1):qq(2006,4));where x is a quarterly times series, you obtain a trend and gap based on this default lambda.
To use a different lambda (say 3200 instead of 1600) you simply need to run
[xtnd,xgap] = hpf(x,qq(1990,1):qq(2006,4),'lambda',3200);instead.
The first two input arguments, i.e. the time series itself and the range, are required. The optional argument(s) then follow(s) the required ones; note also that the names of optional arguments must be entered as character strings, and hence enclosed in single quotes. If you do not specify some of a function's optional arguments, then the default values are used. You can check the default values in on-line help.


Hi, I'm Marianne Hval, I'm a full stack developer with a specialty in front-end development. My qualifications include a Bachelor's degree in Informatics: Programming and Network from our own University of Oslo as well as multiple years in the tech industry and my own personal projects. Right now I work with Fintech Neo developing exciting new financial and business solutions for many industries.
With Fintech Neo I've become highly skilled in Angular Framework and Typescript, using these to develop a variety of different pieces of software, including but not limited to: a CRM, online training courses, web portals and audio guides. With this many varied projects I've also developed my skills at all stages of software development including testing, compliance and debugging.


Here are some review materials to help you remember how to solve circuits. Afterwards, use the flashcards to test your knowledge!
Tutorial:
In order to "solve" a simple circuit, one must obtain the total voltage, resistance, and current of the circuit, as well as the individual voltage, resistance and current of each component in the circuit. In this tutorial, the various aspects of circuits, applicable equations, and ways to solve simple circuits will be discussed. After the tutorial, there are some flashcards to help you study or quiz yourself.
Voltage:
Voltage can be defined as the electric potential energy per unit charge. As a result, the units of this quantity is "joules per coulomb", which is commonly referred to as volts. Voltage is also known as "electric potential". In a series circuit, voltage experiences drops in strength after passing through components, like a resistor. However, the sum of these voltages is equivalent to the total voltage in a series circuit. In a parallel circuit, the voltage is equal across each branch (assuming thre)
Resistance:
Current:
What is current? Current measures the flow of charge through a circuit. The units for current is a Coulomb per second. The SI base unit for current is the Ampere, or "Amp", which has the symbol A. In a series circuit, the amount of current through each component is the same. However, in a parallel circuit, the current through each component changes.
Flashcards:
|
Parallel Circuit #1
What equation would solve for the overall resistance of the equation?
To solve for the overall resistance of a parallel circuit the following formula is used:
The total resistance is equal to the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the resistance for each individual resistor.
|
Series Circuit #1
What equation would solve for the overall resistance of the equation?
To solve for the overall resistance of a series circuit the following formula is used:
The total resistance is equal to the sum of the resistance for each individual resistor.
|
|
Practice Problem #1
What is the total resistance of the circuit?
To solve for the overall resistance of a parallel circuit the following formula is used:
Using the above formula, the total resistance of the circuit is 0.625 kOhms, or 625 Ohms
|
Practice Problem #2
What is the total resistance of the circuit?
To solve for the overall resistance of a parallel circuit the following formula is used:
The total resistance in this problem is equal to 3 kOhms + 10 kOhms + 5 kOhms according to the formula, giving a total resistance value of 18 kOhms.
|


Page: Program_Root/admin_panel/tk/dbconf.php
Classes defined on this page:
|
Include Statements Summary
|
| INCLUDE TYPE | INCLUDED FILENAME | DESCRIPTION |
| include |
"admin_panel/tk/fsb.php" |
|
| include |
"cursor/dbconf.class.php" |
dbconf.class editor for databased application configuration. |
| VARIABLE NAME | VARIABLE VALUE | DESCRIPTION |
| CONSTANT NAME | CONSTANT VALUE | DESCRIPTION |
|
Include Statements Detail
|
include
include file: "admin_panel/tk/fsb.php"
include
include file: "cursor/dbconf.class.php"
dbconf.class editor for databased application configuration.
tk_dbconf
void tk_dbconf ( &$this )
Event handler: Toolkit entry point.
- Function Parameters:
- object $this: application
- Function Info:
- Access -
public
tk_dbconf_init
void tk_dbconf_init ( &$this, &$dbconf )
Call this before init'ing admin_panel.
- Function Parameters:
- object $this: application
- object $dbconf: dbconf Should pass this to tk_dbconf by event arg.
- Function Info:
- Access -
public
_tk_dbconf_reset
void _tk_dbconf_reset ( &$this )
- Function Parameters:
- Function Info:
_tk_dbconf_reset_ask
void _tk_dbconf_reset_ask ( &$this )
- Function Parameters:
- Function Info:
_tk_dbconf_set_file
void _tk_dbconf_set_file ( &$this )
- Function Parameters:
- Function Info:
_tk_dbconf_update
void _tk_dbconf_update ( &$this )
- Function Parameters:
- Function Info:
__tk_dbconf_fields
void __tk_dbconf_fields ( &$this, $sel, $headline )
- Function Parameters:
- Function Info:


This folder contains jpg images of documentation (design class diagrams) for "ussr.aGui" and "ussr.builder" packages in jpg format. There is also Microsoft Visio file(.vsd) named as DCDs, containing all diagrams and MasterThesis.pdf which is old report describing "builder" package.


Preparation time
over 2 hours
Cooking time
over 2 hours
Serves
Serves 4-6
Place the beef, red wine, thyme, bay leaf and garlic into a large bowl. Cover and marinate in the fridge for at least two hours, preferably overnight.
Preheat the oven to 160C/320F/Gas 3.
Heat the vegetable oil in a pan over a medium heat. Add the bacon pieces and fry until crisp and golden-brown.
Remove the beef from the marinade. Reserve the marinade liquid for later. Add the beef to the pan and cook until brown on all sides. Remove the beef from the pan.
Add the onion and carrot to the same pan and fry for 5-6 minutes, until softened.
Return the beef to the pan and season well with salt and freshly ground black pepper.
Sprinkle with the flour, stir well and cook for a further two minutes.
Add the tomato purée, stir to combine and cook for four minutes.
Add the wine marinade and the game (or chicken stock) and bring to the boil.
Cover with a lid and cook in the oven for two hours.
Towards the end of the cooking time, melt half of the butter in a frying pan over a low heat. Add the shallots and fry for 10-12 minutes, until golden-brown all over.
In a separate frying pan, melt the remaining butter and fry the mushrooms until golden-brown all over.
Remove the beef casserole from the oven and carefully strain the sauce into a clean pan. Reserve the beef and vegetables. Bring the sauce to the boil and cook to reduce the volume by half.
Return the reserved beef and vegetables to the pan of reduced sauce and add the cooked shallots and mushrooms. Simmer for three minutes, stirring occasionally.
To serve, spoon equal portions of the beef bourguignon onto warmed plates. Garnish with parsley and serve with rice or boiled potatoes.


by {{Story.username}}
Posted on {{Story.timestamp}}
{{Story.post}}
{{Comments.username}}: {{Comments.comment}} {{Comments.timestamp}}


Reports lists, arrays, and strings where exactly one element is queried right upon the creation.
Such expressions may appear after refactoring and usually could be replaced with an accessed element.
Example:
System.out.println(new int[] {1,2,3,4,5}[2]);
After the quick-fix is applied:
System.out.println(3);
New in 2022.3


To use this slider:
The files required are popslider-style.css and popslider.js. Use the jquery file provided


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José Mourinho could solve Real Madrid's problem with Gareth Bale
The new Tottenham Hotspur manager wanted to sign Bale when he was at Manchester United
by Sport.esJosé Mourinho and Tottenham Hotspur could be ready to offer Real Madrid an escape route from their problems with Gareth Bale. According to 'AS', the appointment of Mourinho will see Spurs splash the cash and one of the names on their shortlist is none other than the Welsh wizard himself.
The interest from Mourinho in Bale isn't new. When the fiery coach was in the Manchester United dugout, he tried - and failed - to lure Bale back to the Premier League. Over the past month, Bale has played more matches for Wales than he has Real Madrid and fans are beginning to tire with what they feel is a lack of commitment.
Ever since the Welshman arrived in Madrid, he's aided the club in winning several trophies including four Champions League titles. Mourinho wanted Bale to join United in 2017 but, in front of the cameras, said a move for him was impossible "because you don't talk" in reference to Bale needing to force a move out of Madrid.
Last summer it appeared as if Bale would be playing in the Chinese Super League but that deal fell through after Madrid demanded a higher transfer fee than the club was willing to spend. Now the Premier League is an option again but the player's agent, Jonathan Barnett, has already confirmed that Bale won't be going anywhere until next summer.


Apache
/var/log/apache2/access.log
/var/log/apache2/error.log
Remove your own ip like this
grep -v '<src-ip-address>' /path/to/access_log > a && mv a /path/to/access_log
What it does is simply to copy all lines except the lines that contain your IP-address, move them, and them move them back again.
grep -v <entry-to-remove> <logfile> > /tmp/a ; mv /tmp/a <logfile> ; rm -f /tmp/a


Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi
Giambologna, Giovanni da Bologna (Giambologna, Giovanni da Bologna), real name Jean de Boulogne (Jean de Boulogne) (1529, Douai, now France - August 13, 1608, Florence) - Florentine sculptor-mannerist and representative of the early Baroque.
Dzhambolonya was strongly influenced by Michelangelo (under whose leadership he worked for about two years in Rome), however, he created his own artistic style of the Mannerist style, distinguished by elegant surfaces, cold elegance and beauty.
Giambologna received the first large fee from Pope Pius IV for the giant bronze statue of Neptune for the Fountain of Neptune in Bologna. Giambologna created numerous sculptures of marble and bronze, including for the decoration of fountains, for Italian nobility and especially for the Medici. Most of his life spent in Florence, where he moved in 1553


Tribute:
August 6, 2011
Palm turned to the ashen sky
meets the rain- it's warm
a welcoming the sunlight holds
the moonlight hides
dreams -follow rain through to that place
now-here footsteps lie but
diffuses, impregnates the soil
Dreams along lineup
like a geomagnito
unharmed by the wind that takes the rain- the air takes back- whence it came
like a bridge takes back its balance
The soil takes the rain
and the rock - give it away
rock warm rock by the river side
greets travelers
Rock with its travelers are like rain and its warmth
one hand yields, and one removes them.
The rock stands - partnered with the air, the sky
but though - cannot stand forever-
rain-to-rock lay signs apropos of morning, noon, and night-
endlessly, presently
so in partnership aye be,
outlasting
footsteps in rock-
yes, time passes - aye bodies
wax-ashes, yet no transformation
no nomination for a future to come back
for being is alone, one thing, [in being]
And to raise one's spirits-
is to take back the curtain,
vale of rain-sun-lit sky.


Farmer Juanito
Walter White
Chief Executive Officer
Banaue, Ifugao
Contact Number:
09992381028
Pickup Schedules:
Rice Terraces Base, MWF 8:00AM - 10:00AM
Banaue Central Plaza, TH 12:00PM - 2:00PM
Contact Number:
09992381028
Pickup Schedules:
Rice Terraces Base, MWF 8:00AM - 10:00AM
Banaue Central Plaza, TH 12:00PM - 2:00PM
AVAILABLE PRODUCTS
These are the products currently offered by this farmer based on their most recent harvest.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% import "macros/forms.html" as forms %} {% block content %}
{{drinkki.kuvaus}}


Car bomb kills 8 in northeast Syria
DUBAI: The massive Dubai Mall got soaked as heavy rainfall coupled with thunder and lightning battered the UAE on Sunday, with some areas of the Emirates heavily inundated by floods.
Videos and photos circulating on social media also showed roads being deluged by the unexpected rainfall and construction claddings in Abu Dhabi torn down by high winds.
Dubai Mall was particularly affected by the downpour, as one video shows, with some shops flooded and store staff trying desperate to keep their displayed items dry.
The Dubai Media Office, quoting an Emaar spokesperson, tweeted “Dubai Mall was affected by the heavy rainfall, causing leakages in limited areas. We are working to contain all leakages and the mall remains operational and open to the public. Mall staff are on the ground, ensuring the visitor experience remains unaffected.”
The National Center of Meteorology has issued an advisory on Twitter late Sunday that noting that light to moderate rain could fall over Al-Ruwais and Jabel Dhanna (Al-Dhafrah Area) due to the agency’s continuing cloud seeding operations.
It earlier cautioned residents to stay away from the valleys and flooding water areas, the severe weather conditions picked up.


Persona and Site
Name: Joesph Biggs
Gender: Male
Age: 26
Profession: Delivery Driver
Technology:
- Uses a high end computer system, running Windows 10.
- Uses an Android phone, does not play games from it.
- Very proficient with computers.
- Plays computer games.
- Loves technology.
Attitudes and Needs:
- Uses Twitch to stream their video games.
- Wants to connect to a larger audience who's interested in the games he plays.
- Twitch provides ability to choose game type to reach people interested in certain games.
Other Information:
- Enjoys streaming, and connecting with his audience.
- Looking for more ways to keep his audience engaged.


Welcome to basic consulting
Who are we?
basic consulting has a wide depth and breadth of knowledge about servers, networks and the Internet.
What do we do?
We specialize in many areas, including:
- Linux and Unix (Solaris, FreeBSD, OpenBSD) configuration and management
- Linux and Unix security auditing
- Infrastructure architecture and design
- Configuration management services (Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Cfengine 2.x)
- MySQL (and derivatives) configuration and optimization
- Drupal performance and stack security
- Jenkins continuous integration testing and deployment solutions
- "LAMP" deployments including any number of stack components such as Varnish, Nginx, Apache httpd, PostgreSQL, php-fpm, Git, HAProxy, Ruby, Python, and others.
basic consulting also has a deep understanding of Linux HA (pacemaker, heartbeat, corosync, etc.), mail, NFS, Samba/CIFS, OpenLDAP, Yum/RPM, carp, Grsecurity, SELinux, and the ability to quickly learn and understand best practices and new technologies.
Mailing addresses and contact information
Rudy Grigar, Founder


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com.thoughtworks.proxy.toys.echo
com.thoughtworks.proxy.toys.failover
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@article{Huang:2016:MCR:3022671.2984025, author = {Huang, Shiyou and Huang, Jeff}, title = {Maximal Causality Reduction for TSO and PSO}, journal = {SIGPLAN Not.}, issue_date = {October 2016}, volume = {51}, number = {10}, month = oct, year = {2016}, issn = {0362-1340}, pages = {447--461}, numpages = {15}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3022671.2984025}, doi = {10.1145/3022671.2984025}, acmid = {2984025}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, keywords = {Maximal Causality Reduction, Model Checking, PSO, TSO}, } @inproceedings{Huang:2016:MCR:2983990.2984025, author = {Huang, Shiyou and Huang, Jeff}, title = {Maximal Causality Reduction for TSO and PSO}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications}, series = {OOPSLA 2016}, year = {2016}, isbn = {978-1-4503-4444-9}, location = {Amsterdam, Netherlands}, pages = {447--461}, numpages = {15}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2983990.2984025}, doi = {10.1145/2983990.2984025}, acmid = {2984025}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, keywords = {Maximal Causality Reduction, Model Checking, PSO, TSO}, }


| Trees | Index | Help |
|---|
|
|
1 2 3 # Give qf a string, get back a query object 4 # Why? ... Removes dependency on PyZ3950.CQLParser in all scripts 5 # Allows for non CQL queries, with sufficient translation 6 # Allows for query generation during workflows from string 7 8 9 from PyZ3950.CQLParser import parse 10 from baseObjects import QueryFactory 11 19
| Trees | Index | Help |
|---|
| Generated by Epydoc 3.0alpha2 on Wed Aug 9 18:11:03 2006 | http://epydoc.sf.net |


fooof.sim.gen_group_power_spectra¶
-
fooof.sim.
gen_group_power_spectra
(n_spectra, freq_range, aperiodic_params, periodic_params, nlvs=0.005, freq_res=0.5, f_rotation=None, return_params=False)[source]¶ Generate a group of simulated power spectra.
- Parameters
- n_spectraint
The number of power spectra to generate.
- freq_rangelist of [float, float]
Frequency range to simulate power spectra across, as [f_low, f_high], inclusive.
- aperiodic_paramslist of float or generator
Parameters for the aperiodic component of the power spectra.
- periodic_paramslist of float or generator
Parameters for the periodic component of the power spectra. Length of n_peaks * 3.
- nlvsfloat or list of float or generator, optional, default: 0.005
Noise level to add to generated power spectrum.
- freq_resfloat, optional, default: 0.5
Frequency resolution for the simulated power spectra.
- f_rotationfloat, optional
Frequency value, in Hz, to rotate around. Should only be set if spectra are to be rotated.
- return_paramsbool, optional, default: False
Whether to return the parameters for the simulated spectra.
- Returns
- freqs1d array
Frequency values, in linear spacing.
- powers2d array
Matrix of power values, in linear spacing, as [n_power_spectra, n_freqs].
- sim_paramslist of SimParams
Definitions of parameters used for each spectrum. Has length of n_spectra. Only returned if return_params is True.
Notes
Parameters options can be:
A single set of parameters. If so, these same parameters are used for all spectra.
A list of parameters whose length is n_spectra. If so, each successive parameter set is such for each successive spectrum.
A generator object that returns parameters for a power spectrum. If so, each spectrum has parameters sampled from the generator.
Aperiodic Parameters:
The function for the aperiodic process to use is inferred from the provided parameters.
If length of 2, the ‘fixed’ aperiodic mode is used, if length of 3, ‘knee’ is used.
Periodic Parameters:
The periodic component is comprised of a set of ‘peaks’, each of which is described as:
Mean (Center Frequency), height (Power), and standard deviation (Bandwidth).
Make sure any center frequencies you request are within the simulated frequency range.
Rotating Power Spectra:
You can optionally specify a rotation frequency, such that power spectra will be simulated and rotated around that point to the specified aperiodic exponent.
This can be used so that any power spectra simulated with the same ‘f_rotation’ will relate to each other by having the specified rotation point.
Note that rotating power spectra changes the offset.
If you specify an offset value to simulate as well as ‘f_rotation’, the returned spectrum will NOT have the requested offset. It instead will have the offset value required to create the requested aperiodic exponent with the requested rotation point.
If you return SimParams, the recorded offset will be the calculated offset of the data post rotation, and not the entered value.
You cannot rotate power spectra simulated with a knee.
The procedure we use to rotate does not support spectra with a knee, and so setting ‘f_rotation’ with a knee will lead to an error.
Examples
Generate 2 power spectra using the same parameters:
>>> freqs, powers = gen_group_power_spectra(2, [1, 50], [0, 2], [10, 0.5, 1])
Generate 10 power spectra, randomly sampling possible parameters:
>>> from fooof.sim.params import param_sampler >>> ap_opts = param_sampler([[0, 1.0], [0, 1.5], [0, 2]]) >>> pe_opts = param_sampler([[], [10, 0.5, 1], [10, 0.5, 1, 20, 0.25, 1]]) >>> freqs, powers = gen_group_power_spectra(10, [1, 50], ap_opts, pe_opts)
Generate 5 power spectra, rotated around 20 Hz:
>>> ap_params = [[None, 1], [None, 1.25], [None, 1.5], [None, 1.75], [None, 2]] >>> pe_params = [10, 0.5, 1] >>> freqs, powers = gen_group_power_spectra(5, [1, 50], ap_params, pe_params, f_rotation=20)
Generate power spectra stepping across exponent values, and return parameter values:
>>> from fooof.sim.params import Stepper, param_iter >>> ap_params = param_iter([0, Stepper(1, 2, 0.25)]) >>> pe_params = [10, 0.5, 1] >>> freqs, powers, sps = gen_group_power_spectra(5, [1, 50], ap_params, pe_params, ... return_params=True)


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Important
Pictures of Guangzhou (Canton)Canton Tower night viewAncient architecture baomo GardenChen AcademyThe former site of Whampoa¡¡ Military Academy |
Tektronix announced as the golden sponsor of ACP 2012[2012-6-20] ACP 2012 is pleased to announce that Tektronix, Inc. will be the golden sponsor of this 4-day event. Tektronix is one of the world leading suppliers of test and measurement equipment in electronics and opto-electronics. Tektronix provides customers with the leading test solution from R&D to manufacturing of optical products. With Sampling Oscilloscopes, BERT Scope Bit Error Rate Analysis and Optical Modulation Analysis products that provide complete TX and RX Optical testing from 125 MB/sec to 100 GB/sec and beyond. ¡°We are pleased to work together with ACP 2012, one of the largest international conferences on optical communication in the Asia-Pacific region¡± said by Chris Tiong, Technical Marketing Manager, Tektronix Greater China Region, ¡°Advanced technologies & solutions are always the focus of our company. In ACP 2012, we have the opportunity to gain more insights from the leading scientists from all over the world. We will also showcase our state-of-the-art test equipment to facilitate their scientific research and product development.¡± |
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Sérgio the Sourdough
Sérgio is the name given to a group of yeast of the species
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sérgio
is known for his resilience, an even balance of sourness, and a good mouth feel. Sérgio was knighted by
Princess Anna of Yeastwhick on the 1st of February, 2017.
Sergio as an infant.
Sérgio was born on the 29th of October, 2015. Sérgio was cultivated by wild yeast strands found in the heart
of the Sonoron Desert. His birth process was a slow and grueling one. His overlord, Charles Wallace McNugget III,
had tried raising wild yeast before but only resulted in buds that suffered slow and painful deaths by the
membranes of the Bacillus licheniformis. Sérgio, however was given enough gluten and warmth to survive.
After six days of being split in twain and fed just enough to keep from starving, Sérgio emerged a strong and
gassy yeast. Charles quickly put him to work. Sérgio's first bread he produced was only just edible. It would seem
Sérgio was still a little slow to on the gaseous uptake, but soon Sérgio would rise above all expectations of his
ruthless overlord.
Sergio's hard work pays off.
A Multi-Threat Career
Sérgio quickly grew to be a multi-facted tool. "yadayadyada" yadayadyadyadayadyada
yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada
yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada
Near Death Experience
All was going well for Sérgio. He ate as he pleased and was churning out bread after bread.
yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada
yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada
yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada
yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada
yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada
Sérgio's Child Frozen in time
Yadayadayada CO2 yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada
yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada
yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada
yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada
yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada
yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada yadayadyadyadayadyada
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During the last two weeks I managed to restructure the code based off of the new UML diagram and clean up a lot of the spaghetti code. Because of cleaning up a lot of the code, I also managed to fix some bugs surrounding the Cauldron system which I was really happy with! Also, I did have time to look over the artstyle and while I did find some good isometric assets I could use, I have decided to go with a slightly different angle of isometric. Because I talked a lot about the code restructuring and the class diagram in my last post, this post is mainly going to be focused on the change and artstyle.
While I am still keeping the isometric look, I am changing the angles that each grid space occupies. For those who are unfamiliar with isometric art/pixel art, true isometric angles are set at 30° with each square's left and right corner angles each at a total of 60° and the top and bottom at 120°. However in pixel art having the exact angles being 30° makes the edge of the space look too jagged so instead we shorten it to 26.5° to make the edges cleaner.
True Isometric (30°)
Pixel Art Isometric (26.5°)
The main change that I am making is to increase the angles of the left and right corners to roughly 70° instead of the standard 60°. I personally like the look of this style more and one of my main inspirations for this is from the game Death's Door which uses this expanded isometric style.
Changed Isometric (~35°)
Death's Door
I really want the player to be able to see more of the ground than the sides of objects which is one of the main reasons for the change. I really wasn't happy with the current perspective and I feel like a straight top down perspective would make the game feel a little flat and hard to differentiate herbs and creatures that are close together.
The first thing I want to accomplish for the next sprint is to implement the same assets just in the new perspective. I've already started working on some assets and I'm not expecting this to take much time. I'm also planning on going a simpler route and I won't be spending as much time on the new assets as I did in the old ones.
After I finish that up I'm going to start cleaning up the currently implemented functionality of the current systems so I have a relatively polished MVP completed. I'm really looking forward to feeling proud enough of this project to show it off to others and I think the first step to getting there is making sure that the base mechanics are working together well. Some of the systems I'm planning to work on are the NPC/Dialogue system, the Researching System, and the Cauldron system. I'm also planning on updating the Class diagram I made with any changes I happen to end up implementing.


The download you have just started is a file type that can possibly harm your computer. Be careful when opening and make sure the file is from a source that you trust.


MusicVis can read one of two types of audio input: microphone or file upload. Please one select below.
MusicVis is a web application created to visualize sound. It was created by Van Huynh as a Fine Arts Independent Research Study at the University of Pennsylvania during the Spring 2017 semester; the study was advised by professor David Comberg. Support and guidance were also provided by Ryan Kiple, Amaris Kobolak, Richard Lee, Stephanie Park, Irena Xia, and Minji Yoon.
This web application uses Web Audio API to read in audio files or live audio via microphone to draw appropriately colored circles onto HTML5 canvases. The output works both as a live video visualization of the work, as well as a static image composited at the end of the analysis. The color, position, and size of the circles are all determined by the data coming from the audio feed.
Music visualization first started with the Atari Video Music in 1976. Later, in the 90s, music visualization became more widespread on the PC platform, resulting in visualizers like Cubic Player (1994) and Inertia Player (1995). The late 90s saw the birth of various other visualizers, like Winamp (1997), Audion (1999), and SoundJam (2000). These visualizations were initially meant to accompany the sound, be it in a stereo system or while played on an audio player program. More recent visualizers were created with the intention of creating a piece of art. These visualizers are more focused on engaging the audience’s attention by creating a conversation between the visuals and the sound. Additionally, these visualizations tend to only capture the instantaneous second of the music, not the cumulative whole.
MusicVis is a visualizer that is intended to capture the essence of sound both dynamically and statically. Although it has the goal of being visually appealing, the main objective is to faithfully map out the data of the sound. Information is of a higher priority than visual appeal.
The positions of the circles along the horizontal axis are determined by the amount of time that have passed in the audio feed. The more time that has passed, the further along the horizontal axis the circle is drawn.
time
The position along the vertical axis is dependent upon the pitch that is being read in at that time. The higher the pitch, the higher the circle is on the vertical axis. The height is calculated using the pitch such that there is a constant distance between each octave. This would not naturally occur because every time a note goes up an octave, their frequencies double, which would lead to an exponential increase in the distance between octaves.
The size of the circles are determined by the volume of the audio feed. The louder the sound, the larger the circle, and vice versa.
The color of the circles are dependent upon the note. It is done so such that all A notes are the same color, all B notes are the same color, all C notes are the same color, and so on. The mapping of notes to colors is completely arbitrary and not based off any scientific basis. The color mapping can be modified in the advanced settings.


Section updated quarterly (early March, mid-May, mid-August and mid-November)
Select key point:
Select units:
Looking for daily data? Daily natural gas traffic datasets are available on Open Government.
Section updated March 2021
Every pipeline company in Canada must meet federal, provincial or territorial, and local requirements. This includes Acts, Regulations, rules, bylaws, and zoning restrictions. Pipelines are also bound by technical, safety, and environmental standards along with company rules, protocols and management systems. In addition to these requirements, the Commission may add conditions to regulatory instruments that each company must meet. Conditions are project-specific and are designed to protect public and the environment by reducing possible risks identified during the application process.
Condition compliance is part of the CER's oversight and enforcement action is taken when required.
Conditions can be related to a specific region, or apply to the pipeline project as a whole. The map below displays the number of in progress and closed conditions mapped to economic regions as defined by Statistics Canada.
Conditions can typically be either in-progress or closed. The CER follows up on in-progress conditions.
This status refers to conditions that continue to be monitored by the CER. This happens when:
This status refers to:
Data source: Open Government
Description: The above map displays the number of CER conditions associated with projects approved by the Commission. The map is split into two tabs which show in-progress and closed conditions separately, mapped to an economic region. If a company has no in-progress conditions specific to an economic region, the dashboard will default to show the closed conditions by region. An additional view is available which contains the number of in-progress and closed conditions that don't have a corresponding economic region in the dataset. The map regions are shaded based on the number of conditions, with lighter colored regions containing fewer conditions compared to darker colors. Conditions that apply to more than one region are double counted in the map, and these conditions will appear in the map region total and map region breakdown for each applicable region. The condition counts contained in the map navigation buttons represent total conditions without region double counting.
Open data can be freely used and shared by anyone for any purpose. The data for these graphs are available [CSV].
Have you checked out the CER's interactive conditions data visualization? This tool offers a deep dive into the CER's conditions compliance data and process, exploring conditions across all CER regulated companies by keyword, project, and location.
Section updated March 2021
The information presented here is based on CER data (2008 to current) for incidents reported under the Onshore Pipeline Regulations and the Processing Plant Regulations. New data is added quarterly. Learn more on how incident data collection has evolved since the NEB (now the CER) was established in 1959.
Companies must report events, such as incidents, to the CER in accordance with the CER Event Reporting Guidelines. Knowing what happened, and why, helps us find ways to prevent them from happening again.
As defined in the OPR, “incident” means an occurrence that results in:
As defined in the PPR, “incident” is defined as an occurrence that results or could result in a significant adverse effect on property, the environment, or the safety of persons. For the purposes of incident reporting in the PPR, events that fall under this definition include, but are not limited to:
Companies self-report incidents and are expected to take a precautionary approach in doing so. This means that even when there is doubt as to whether an incident should be reported, the company must report it. The approach is, “When in doubt, report.” This is consistent with CER-regulated companies’ responsibility for anticipating, preventing, mitigating and managing incidents of any size or duration.
The CER reviews all reported incidents to assess whether companies have taken the appropriate corrective actions and to identify potential trends in incidents. Each incident is given a status indicating the current stage of the CER's incident review.
Release of Substance (featured in the dashboard) - Any time a product is unintentionally released. (Releases of non-gas low pressure products in volumes of less than 1.5 m³ are exempt from reporting.)
Explosion - An unintended explosion
Fatality - Any death involving employees, contractors or members of the public related to the construction, operation, maintenance or abandonment of pipelines
Fire - An unintended fire
Operation Beyond Design Limits Includes situations, such as:
Operation beyond design limit is typically linked to an over-pressure of the product in the pipe; however, if a pipe was exposed to excessive vibration and was not designed for this, this could be considered operation beyond design limits. Operation beyond design limits does not include equipment contacting the pipe, or corrosion pits, etc.
Data source: Open Government
Description: The above map displays the location of product release incidents that have occured on the pipeline system since 2008. The map defaults to show incidents as bubbles which are colored based on the substance released. Incidents on the map can be re-categorized based on the most recently available status of the CER's incident review, the year in which the incident was reported, and the province/territory where the incident occured. The incident map bubble can be switched to show the estimated volume of product released, with larger map bubbles showing larger release volumes relative to other product releases on the system. The incident data can also be toggled to display a stacked bar chart of incidents over time by clicking on the incident trends button above the map. The stacked bars dispaly the number of product release incidents by year, with bar color segments corresponding to the various products released. Similiar to the map, incidents can be re-categorized by clicking on the side buttons to view a breakdown of incidents by status, what happened, why it happened, and province/territory.
Open data can be freely used and shared by anyone for any purpose. The data for these graphs are available.
Have you checked out the CER's interactive incident data visualization? This tool offers a deep dive into the CER's incident data trends, exploring incidents across all CER regulated companies.


This demonstration displays how an ErrorProvider can be added to any of the input controls listed below:
In addition to these three basic examples, an example of how a developer may choose to add a customised ErrorProvider to the controls has been given. This example displays how a developer can add contextual logic to the controls or even simply ensure that the ErrorProviders are aligned in look-n-feel to the rest of their application.


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Qt Quick Software Adaptation
The Software adaptation is an alternative renderer for Qt Quick 2 that uses the Raster paint engine to render the contents of the scene graph instead of OpenGL. As a result of not using OpenGL to render the scene graph, some features and optimizations are no longer available. Most Qt Quick 2 applications will run without modification though any attempts to use unsupported features will be ignored. By using the Software adaptation it is possible to run Qt Quick 2 applications on hardware and platforms that do not have OpenGL support.
The Software adaptation was previously known as the Qt Quick 2D Renderer. However, unlike the 2D Renderer, the new, integrated version supports partial updates. This means that the full update of the window or screen contents is now avoided, and only the changed areas get flushed. This can significantly improve performance for many applications.
Shader Effects
ShaderEffect components in QtQuick 2 can not be rendered by the Software adptation.
Qt Graphical Effects Module
Qt Graphical Effects uses ShaderEffect items to render effects. If you use graphical effects from this module, then you should not hide the source item so that the original item can still be rendered.
Particle Effects
It is not possible to render particle effects with the Software adaptation. Whenever possible, remove particles completely from the scene. Otherwise they will still require some processing, even though they are not visible.
Rendering Text
The text rendering with the Software adaptation is based on software rasterization and does not respond as well to transformations such as scaling as when using OpenGL. The quality is similar to choosing Text.NativeRendering with Text items.


Seattleite Pat is a good guy. He's come up with Seattle's soon to be newest obsession. Pat has taken wild-caught salmon, chopped them up and baked right into his secret cookie dough recipe. Delicious!
After years in the making you can now enjoy these fishy little treats at five locations throughout Seattle. Our newest location being located in Seattle's iconic Pike Place Market, right next to the well known Beecher's cheese.
| 1st and Pike | SeaTac Airport | Seattle Center | Capitol Hill | Alki |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6AM-8PM | 6AM-8PM | 6AM-8PM | 6AM-8PM | 6AM-8AM |
Join us for an all-ages cookie mingle! Bring the whole family and help the bakers of Pat's Salmon Cookies decorate the cookies for the week! Show up bright and early for the baking process at 4AM and experience the life of a baker. Following baking hour from 6AM to 8AM we will put the finishing touches on the cookies with the icing.
Best design wins a salmon shapped cookie cutter for their own at home baking projects!
As an added bonus, everyone will take home a bakers dozen to enjoy with the family! Please provide bakers with any food allergies or intolerances, they will be happy to accomodate you. Gluten free, Vegan, and dairy free options may require an additional fee.


ProvBuild is an incremental compilation application that automates information extraction from the provenance and optimizes information extraction from the provenance and optimizes the script modification and execution process.
To get started, upload a python script
ProvBuild Mode
Normal Mode


Create Professional Music Like Today's Top Producers
MPC X
Standalone MPC — no computer required
In The Box
Standalone MPC unit with high-resolution, adjustable, multi-touch display. Phono, instrument, mic and line inputs.
Screen
10.1" high-resolution, adjustable, multi-touch display
No Computer, No Problem
To make it a truly untethered, computer-free experience, the X also features two USB slots that can be used for MIDI controller connectivity.
Capable of running natively on the MPC X in standalone mode, MPC 2.0 can also be run from a Mac or PC with the X tethered to a computer.
Powerful Production
The MPC X has a number of additional features that make it the most powerful standalone music production tool to date.
Onboard CV/Gate outputs enable the analog control of modular gear such as classic synths and drum machines.
Power
via power adapter (19 V, 3.42 A, center-positive, included)
Weight
12.57 lbs (5.66 kg)
| Sweetwater | B&H Photo | Americanmusical.com |
|---|---|---|
| $2,199 | $2,199 | $2,199 |


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Related Resources
- AAG Cryosphere Specialty Group
- AGU Cryosphere Focus Group
- American Geographical Society
- ANDRILL – Antarctic Geologic Drilling
- Arctic Institute of North America
- ARCUS – Arctic Research Consortium of the United States
- Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS)
- Byrd Polar Research Center
- CALM – Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring
- Canadian Association of Geographers
- Explorers Club
- Extreme Ice Survey
- Glaciers Online
- GLIMS – Global Land Ice Measurement from Space
- IACS – International Association of Cryospheric Sciences
- IGS – International Glaciological Society
- INSTAAR – Institute for Arctic & Alpine Research
- International Polar Year
- IPA – International Permafrost Association
- Melt Factor – Jason Box's Polar-related blog
- NSF Office of Polar Programs
- NSIDC – National Snow and Ice Data Center
- PAGES – Past Global Changes
- Permafrost Young Researchers Network
- Polar Post
- Russian Arctic & Antarctic Institute
- SCAR – Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
- Scott Polar Research Institute
- The US Permafrost Association
- The World Glacier Monitoring Service
- USPA – United States Permafrost Association


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Review and publish your records from the backend.
Finally, enjoy the catalogue of $project in the page . You can select more filters to be activated when customising the template of your resources.
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These are words. Headings maybe, story to read.
These are words. Headings maybe, story to read.
These are words. Headings maybe, story to read.
"THIS LOOKS IMPORTANT. LOOK AT THIS."
"THIS LOOKS IMPORTANT. LOOK AT THIS."
BIG HEADING FOR SIDE STORIES
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Tumblr Savior Behavior
Tumblr Behavior
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Copy the above text into a file to save. You can load your saved settings by pasting it back into this box and hitting the Load button. Press the Restore defaults button if something goes horribly wrong.
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Tumblr Savior is a free browser extension created and maintained by Bjorn Stromberg to improve his experience on Tumblr. He thought you might also find it useful and decided to share it with you.
This extension is open source and all source code can be found at https://github.com/bjornstar/Tumblr-Savior.
Disclaimer: Tumblr Savior is neither affiliated with nor supported by Tumblr in any way.


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‘An anti-dalit move’
by Staff ReporterMADURAI
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi president and MP Thol. Thirumavalavan on Saturday said that government order issued to release of 13 life convicts responsible for the massacre of six dalit men in Melavalavu in 1997 was anti-dalit. “I have conveyed this to Chief Minister Edappadi K. Palaniswami,” he said.
Speaking to media persons, he said the Tamil Nadu government had set a wrong precedent by allowing the convicts to be released from the Madurai central prison on account of good conduct and to mark the MGR centenary celebrations.
The MP added that the committee in-charge of organising jallikattu at Palamedu was not inclusive as it did not have Scheduled Caste members to be representatives. “The Collector must take this issue into cognisance,” he said.


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This post originally appeared on GIS Collective.
Humans are generally adept at critical thinking and deductive reasoning. We tend to understand the world around us fairly easily, because the world operates on a few basic principles. By relying on these principles, we can find the signals through the noise (or at least narrow it down to a few options). To do this, we tend to rely on assumption and inference.
This is a good thing. It allows us to, for example, use words that others may not have heard before without having to explain them explicitly. One could deduce that “polygamy” probably means marriage to multiple people, because “monogamy” is the marriage (hah) of the Greek words monos (one) and gamos (marriage), and the Greek word polys means many. You don’t have to look it up, and because you’ve seen the word “monogamy” so many times, you understand “polygamy” in context.
Maps are a little different. Modern society has allowed for the growth of spatial literacy, and with maps in our pockets (yes, on the cell phones), we do a pretty good job of navigating using lines and cardinal directions. As such, we feel we are qualified to learn about the world in a spatial way, which many of us are! But it’s important to know about the ways that maps can distort our understanding of data, such that we can challenge our assumptions in the future.
In 1991, Mark Monmonier wrote a book called “How to Lie With Maps.” The book remains essential to any geographic information science curriculum, and for those interested in learning more about the subjects I’m going to touch on here, it’s a great resource. The first paragraph of the introduction reads:
Not only is it easy to lie with maps, it’s essential. To portray meaningful relationships for a complex, three-dimensional world on a flat sheet of paper or a video screen, a map must distort reality. As a scale model, the map must use symbols that almost always are proportionally much bigger or thicker than the features they represent. To avoid hiding critical information in a fog of detail, the map must offer a selective, incomplete view of reality. There’s no escape from the cartographic paradox: to present a useful and truthful picture, an accurate map must tell white lies.
There’s the first thing to realize: every map is lying to you all the time. In an ideal world, the map is lying to you in the hopes of conveying the most information to you that it possibly can, but sometimes maps make generalizations and approximations for sake of the cartographer and not the map’s intended audience. Let’s take a look at an example.
This is a map from the Washington Post showing the results of the 2012 presidential election. Considering that presidential races in this country are decided by the electoral college, and each state’s electors all vote for the same candidate, breaking out the data state by state makes sense.
But this map doesn’t tell the whole story. Let’s look at another map from the Washington Post of the exact same data, just aggregated differently.
Nevada doesn’t look as blue as it did in the previous map, and Mississippi doesn’t look quite as red. By grouping data by states, the map was hiding some of the complexity in the data, causing the reader to make certain assumptions.
This is a common and well-documented spatial data visualization circumstance called the modifiable areal unit problem, often acronomized as MAUP. First identified by Gehlke and Biehl in 1934, the MAUP is a statistical bias that is influenced by both the means in which point-based data is aggregated, and the districts into which that data is grouped.
The presidential election maps above were (in theory*) generated from point-based data: one vote, one point. But showing 117 million points on a map would take a really long time and it wouldn’t be that useful (plus, it’s a cartographic nightmare). The cartographer is all but obligated to aggregate and group the data for ease of consumption, but every grouping mechanism is going to present its own challenges.
For example, I live in Portland, which is in Multnomah County, Oregon. In the 2012 election, Multnomah County had 367,992 ballots cast in 132 precincts. (Oregon has vote by mail, so that changes things around a bit geographically, but that’s not super relevant here.) 75.37% of the votes cast for president were cast for Barack Obama. When you look at Multnomah County on the presidential map above, you’ll see that it’s pretty blue.
But is that map telling you what’s really going on beneath the aggregation? Nope. Could one theoretically assume that all 367,992 ballots in Multnomah County were cast for Obama? Sure. Does it matter? In this case, probably not that much for you and me, but if you’re interested in conducting a political campaign, the MAUP could seriously hinder your strategy: especially if you only have access to aggregated data.
This assumption falls into a category of assumptions called ecological fallacies. Ecological fallacies fall into four camps:
- Confusion between ecological correlations and individual correlations
- Confusion between group average and total average
- Simpson’s Paradox (when comparing two populations divided in groups of different sizes, the average of some variable in the first population can be higher in every group and yet lower in the total population)
- Confusion between higher average and higher likelihood
(Believe it or not, Wikipedia does a really great job breaking each of these down. If you’re interested in learning more about the specifics, head over there.)
Ecological fallacies and modifiable areal unit problems go hand in hand: the methods for aggregating the data tend to highlight certain trends that are potentially damaging to true understanding (MAUP), and the conclusions drawn from the aggregated data can be erroneous (ecological fallacies).
Where this is really important is in the realm of public policy. Every policy proposal comes with a statistical analysis of need, or a statistical analysis of effectiveness based on geographic data (that’s why we have a census, y’all), and then an analysis and conclusions drawn from that data. But if the only data available for a specific metric is aggregated into neighborhoods, or census tracts, or zip codes, or watersheds, or any other group, are we really getting the whole story? Are the assumptions we’re making about the data correct?
When I tell people I make maps for a living, one of the most common responses is, “That’s still a job? Isn’t everything already mapped?”** Although it’s an extremely irritating and silly question, answering it several times has brought me to this conclusion: data display and design issues (MAUP) and the problems with data understanding (ecological fallacies), along with many other things, make data visualization a fascinating (and extremely relevant) science. I believe it is the job of the cartographer to understand the assumptions that will be made when users try to interpret her product, to try and provide as much data as possible, and to be as up front and honest about the ways in which the data is distorted by visualization.
Maps, just like any other information graphic, exist to show signals in the noise. We as cartographers should work hard to identify common assumptions and work with them to tell accurate and interesting stories.
* This is likely false. Election data is aggregated by polling place/ward/district/whatever grouping system is employed where you live. Which creates its own statistical data aggregation problems, no?
** I usually come up with two disparate geographic datasets that are so laughably separate that nobody would ever map them together, and talk about how cool it would be if they were juxtaposed. Like, a map of New York City showing art galleries overlayed with National Flood Insurance Program policy holders. If you’re interested in those sorts of strange map mashups, check out Rebecca Solint’s book, Infinite City: A San Francisco Atlas.“


11-11-11
11-11-11 is a movie starring Timothy Gibbs, Michael Landes, and Brendan Price. After the death of his wife and child, an author travels to Barcelona to see his estranged brother and dying father, where he learns that his life is...


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B&M is selling a light-up glitter snow globe for just £10 this Christmas
The bargain store strikes again!
by Nancy BrownThe time to deck the halls with all things Christmassy is surely upon us and shoppers have gone crazy for the latest steal from bargain store B&M.
Now you can add some festive cheer to your home with this gorgeous light-up snow globe.
Oh, and did we say that it's also glittery?
Permanently knocked down in price from £14.99 to just £10, the Magical Light Up Glitter Globe is battery operated and available in two colours.
Read more: Cadbury hits back at claims its £45 selection box is a "rip off"
Pick from warm white or cool white, depending on the look you're going for.
"Add shimmering colour to your home over the festive period with this Magical Light Up Glitter Globe. Ideal for bringing impactful light to your home at Christmas," said the blurb.
The globes were going down a storm with shoppers, according to The Sun, so it appears you'll have to move fast if you want to get one.
You'll have to brave the cold and head to your nearest store too, as sadly B&M doesn't offer online shopping.
Read more: McDonald's is giving away 2,000 Christmas jumpers and here's how you can get one
One Facebook user tagged her friend in a post about the globes and said: "If you are ever there can you pick me one up? I absolutely love it and will pay the £15 if I have to."
Another said: "I saw these yesterday but I was looking for the projector ones and couldn't find them, that looks so lovely, I've got to go back."
B&M most certainly seems to be the place to be for Christmas cheer this year.
One shopper admitted to spending £300 in the store on Christmas decorations alone!
Last week, Ent Daily reported B&M was selling a doormat sensor that plays Christmas songs for just £4.99.
Let us know what you think of our story on our Facebook page @EntertainmentDailyFix.


Version 3.0.13 by Volodymyr Volynets
- Framework
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Repository / Git:
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CLAUDE MONET
Villas at Bordighera, 1884
This painting caught my eye because of the color palette. From a distance, it looks very simple and muted, but as you get closer, you can really see the variety of colors in the details and well as the texture of the brush strokes.


This page tests out the venn diagram normalization code.
Different algorithms can produce different looking output that is equally correct. This code attempts to remove the major differences by axis aligning the major sets, taking the mirror image if needed, and re-arranging all the disjoint clusters so that they are close to one another.
Since this normalization process could have bugs that introduce errors into the venn diagram, this page tests out that the areas of the venn diagram before and after the normalization are the same.


Programming Planning and Practice¶
Chapter 2 - Environmental Analysis and Project Planning¶
- Nomenclature
d
vertical distance between contours ft(m)G
Slope of LandL
Horizontal distance between points of a slope ft(m)- Architectural design depends on understanding environmental factors that affect site selection and development. Factors include:
- Larger context of the surrounding community and urban setting
- Smaller scale influences from the immediate site.
Influences on Urban Development¶
- Architect must understand history and theory of the city planning to understand the relationships between individual building project and the larger context of the community and city in which it is located.
- Larger environment affects how the site is developed and designed.
- Building in turn affects the community of which it is part.
Historical Influences¶
- First human settlements began as collections of people engaged in agricultural pursuits rather than leading nomadic life.
- As surplus food became available and ceremony/religion/leadership developed, embryonic form of city was apparent.
- Living quarters surrounded the archetypes of the granary (food storage), temple (ceremonial rites and social interaction), and the palace (administration of village).
- Villages were often walled in or otherwise situated for protection from other village populations or nomadic tribes seeking to take the food they could not produce.
- Greek City - contained all basic components of the city, but were more developed form.
- Palace activities - trade and exchange of goods as well as religious ceremony, had developed to a point where separate places were required for these activities.
- Temple - religious activity.
- Agora - marketplace
- Not just for trading of goods - but also for socializing, exchanging news, and conducting other business.
- Walled cities also had other spaces - theaters, stadiums, etc.
- Form of Medieval City was similar to that of earlier villages.
- Started at the crossroads of two main streets and was irregular in layout.
- Medieval Cities - Organized around the church and the marketplace because these represented the two most important aspects of life.
- Structures near the center of the city, and surrounding them was informal ring of streets loosely connected, with intersecting streets running from the church to the gates of the city wall. (See Figure 2.1)
Figure 2.1¶
Above: Loose organization of Medieval Cities
- Gunpowder - usual fortification (high wall) no longer sufficient
- Star shaped city developed with regularly spaced bastions at points around the wall so that the entire enclosure and all approaches could be defended before the enemy could get close enough for their cannons to be effective.
- Streets radiated from the center allowing defense control from single point. (See Figure 2.2)
Figure 2.2¶
Above: Rigid pointed organization of later cities allowing for greater protection
- During Renaissance - City Planning = more important
- Planners paid more attention to aesthetics of urban design.
- City plans combined symmetrical order with radial layout of streets focused on points of interest
- Primary organization of radial boulevards was overlaid on a grid of secondary streets or over an existing road system.
- Christopher Wren -> plan for rebuilding of London after the great fire of 1666 and Haussmann's plan for Paris reflect the Renaissance Renaissance and Baroque approaches.
- Proposed main aves linking major religious and commercial facilities. These were to be superimposed on gridiron plan for other streets.
- Paris -
- Georges-Eugene Haussman advocated straight, arterial boulevards connecting principal historic buildings, monuments and open squares. Designed to create vistas and work in conjunction with major buildings that were part of the plan.
- 1853 - 1869 - large portion of Paris demolished to implement Haussman's plan.
- Haussman's Plan
- Meant to minimize riots, facilitate defense of the city, and clear out slums
- Also improved transportation, and beautified the city.
- Austria -
- Camillo Sitte - advocated opposite to straight boulevards
- City Planning According to Artistic Principles (1889) - Proposed that cities be laid out in Medieval ways with curving and irregular streets.
- Stopped using T-intersections to reduce the possible number of intersection traffic conflicts.
- Suggested civic spaces around pinwheel arrangement of streets ->
Turbine Square
Turbine Square
- Civic Spaces around pinwheel arrangement of streets.
- City Planning According to Artistic Principles (1889) - Proposed that cities be laid out in Medieval ways with curving and irregular streets.
- Camillo Sitte - advocated opposite to straight boulevards
- England
- Industrial Revolution - 18th/19th Centuries - brought about fundamental change in the design of cities.
- Factory system required work force be close to factory, therefore to the source of power & transportation.
- Production expansion -> Population of factory towns ^
- Emphasis - turning out goods, cities became overcrowded, filthy, and devoid of open space and recreation.
- Industrial Revolution spread to northwestern Europe and northeastern US, carrying the ills of its environment.
- Living conditions sparked reform movement.
- First concerns - alleviate unspeakable housing conditions, reduce crowding, improve water supply & sewage systems.
- Later realized - Open space / recreation also required.
- Concerns sparked interest in planning of cities where factories, housing, and other features of urban life could coexist.
- Ebenezer Howard -
Garden City
(1898)- Combine City and Country Living in his town-country idea.
- Proposed: 6000ac (2428 ha) tract of land be privately owned by residents.
- Center of city - Civic Buildings in park. - Town Hall, concert hall, theatre, library, & municipal buildings.
- Surrounding Core - Housing and shops with industrial facilities in the outermost ring
- Urban Part - Support 30,000 people, on 1000 ac (405 ha) of land.
- Remaining 5000 ac (2023 ha) reserved for greenbelt and agricultural use and house 2000 people.
- Hectare [
ha
] is 10,000 m^2^
Figure 2.3¶
Above: Diagram of Ebenezer Howard's Garden City Concept
- England
- Two Cities built using Howard's ideas:
- Letchworth (1903)
- Welwyn Garden City (1920)
- Became satellite towns, not independent cities.
- Two Cities built using Howard's ideas:
- Cite Industrielle - Tony Garnier (1917)
- Another city plan developed in response to the conditions of the Industrial Revolution.
- Planned to be constructed in France and included separate zones linked by separated circulation paths for vehicles and pedestrians.
- Zones:
- Residential
- Public
- Industrial
- Agriculture
- Residential
- Buildings would be placed on long narrow lots with open space between.
- This was one of the first plans to emphasize the idea of zoning, an idea that would later become vital for city planning.
- United States:
- City planning early attempts reflected the diversity of ideas and styles brought from the Old World.
- Towns laid out in colonies were a reaction to the Renaissance ideals and reflected the agrarian lifestyles of the settlers.
- Planned around central commons - focus of community life.
- Houses were freestanding structures setback from the front street, and lots included backyards.
- Set precedent for single family detached housing.
- Philadelphia
- Begun 1682 - Based on
gridiron street system
with regularly planned public open spaces and uniform spacing and setback of buildings. - Grid system became model for later planning in America and the new towns established as the West was settled
- Savannah, Georgia (1733):
- Based on ward of 40 house lots bounded by major streets in a grid system, and contained and interior square, two sides of which were reserved for public use.
Ordinance of 1785
- Grid System encouraged.Rectangular survey system
- Divided country into a grid of 24 mi squares - subdivided into 16 townships, each 6 mi on a side -- Subdivided into 36 1 mi^2^ sections.- Washington D.C. - Broke grid system
- Layout represented a significant step in city planning.
Pierre Charles L'Enfant
- City Planner/Designer- Based system off of Renaissance and Baroque planning concepts of diagonal and radial streets superimposed on rectangular grid.
- Centered on the Capitol, Mall, and executive mansion.
- Connected with broad avenues creating coherent transportation system based on vistas terminating in either a building or monument.
Frederick Law Olmstead
- Landscape and Park Design.- One of first landscape designers that preserved the natural features of an area while addressing naturalistic elements.
Calvert Vaux
- Architect.- Teamed up together to design New York's Central Park (1850s) - inspired similar designs for metropolitan parks.
- Also Designed Prospect Park in Brooklyn, Riverside Park in New York, Audubon Park in New Orleans, Metropolitan Parks System in Boston, and the grounds of the U.S. Capitol in D.C.
Columbian Exposition
- Chicago (1893) - Designed by Architects - Daniel Burnham & John Root & Landscape Designer Frederick Olmstead. Grouped classical buildings symmetrically around formal courts of honor, reflecting pools, and large promenades.- Started
City Beautiful
Movement - Revived interest in Urban Planning - Typical results - Civic Centers around formal parks, proliferation of classical public buildings, and broad tree lined parkways and streets.
- 1920s - 1930s -
Frank Lloyd Wright
&Le Corbusier
envisioned cities with vast open spaces.Broadacre City
-Wright
- every home should be situated on at least1
acre of landLe Corbusier
- Envisioned city consisting of office and housing towers surrounded by large green spaces- Would have resulted in dull cities and a type of urban sprawl worse than what exists today.
New Town
- Concept - Extension of idea that entirely new communities can be built away from the crowding and ugliness of existing cities.- Started in Great Britain (1940s) - Spread to United States and elsewhere.
New Towns
- autonomous centers including housing, shopping, and business, surrounded by a greenbelt.- Population (originally) - 30,000 - Increased to 70,000 to 250,000 people.
New Towns
built in England never became independent cities because they lacked significant employment centers.
New Towns
of Columbia, Maryland and Reston, Virginia began with the same problems as British.- Depended on jobs of nearby Washington D.C. and other areas.
- These
New Towns
and other Utopias: Suffered from being Static in their inception and lack the vitality and interest of a city that has evolved over time.
New Urbanism
- more recent planning philosophy that attempts to counter the many undesirable aspects of city development- Factors Including:
- Suburban sprawl
- Reliance on Automobile
- Environmental Deterioration
- Housing Segregation
- Loss of Farmland
- Single-Use Development
- Began in late 1980s because of construction of Seaside, Florida by Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk.
- Also developed by:
- Peter Calthorpe
- Peter Katz
- Concepts work at various scales:
- Building
- Neighborhood
- District
- Regional levels in new developments as well as urban and suburban infill projects.
- Primary urban design features is development of neighborhoods intended for mixed use:
- Housing within walking distance of shops, offices and other services.
- Variety of residential types, Apartments above shops, Single-Family Homes
- Factors Including:
- Regional Level - Promotes connection of neighborhoods and towns to regional patterns of pedestrian, bicycle and public transit systems while reducing dependence on automobile and establishing connections to open space and natural systems.
- Street and Building Level:
- Encourages individual buildings to be integrated with their surroundings
- Support the Street as a place for pedestrians
- Provide users with a clear sense of location and time.
- Preservation or reuse of historic structures also supported
Development Patterns¶
- Urban development viewed at two scales:
- Larger scale of city or metropolitan region
- 20th Century:
- Development determined by geographic features and layout of transportation (highway)
- Cities begun near major geographic feature such as junction of two rivers or large body of water tended to develop along the water and ultimately away from it.
- Automobile -> Cities expanded in a few typical patterns. (See Figure 2.4)
- When in less confined circumstances - grew equally in all directions (uniform grid)
- Patterns of Development:
Expanding Grid
- City formed at junction of two roads and laid out in the prevalent pattern of Philadelphia (initial plan)- Growth follows grid pattern until natural feature, limiting population or economics stops it.
- Smaller cities - Strict Grid typical
- Larger Cities - Follow other patterns but usually infilled with some type of grid.
Star Pattern
- Revolves around urban core. Development follows radiating spokes of main highways or mass transit routes. Higher density development forms around spokes with lower density between.Field Pattern
- No central focus or apparent organization scheme. Development takes place in amorphous network of highways and natural features. (Los Angeles - example)Satellite Pattern
- Central urban core with other major cores surrounding it. Central core is linked to others with major highways, and often the outer cores are connected with a road system called a beltway. Able to travel center to center or around the city without having to go through core. Outer cores often begin as major shopping areas, peripheral business centers, or transportation centers.Megalopolis
- Two or more urban centers near each other grow together as the space between is developed. (Northeastern US and Southern California)
- Smaller scale of the community and neighborhood.
- Scale of planning sites and design buildings.
- One idea that is useful in linking the urban scale with the community scale is
imageability
- Kevin Lynch Imageability
- quality of a physical environment that gives it a high probability of evoking a strong image in the mind of a given observer.- Many large scale elements interwoven with smaller community and neighborhood.
- However there are additional patterns of development that are also intimately related to individual site
- Street Pattern. Initially, community and neighborhood development followed the layout of the streets, usually a grid. Blocks between streets were subdivided into lots, and each lot was developed as a separate entity. Other approaches have occurred:
- SuperBlock - Out growth of new town concept.
- Henry Wright - Radburn, NJ - One of first using this scheme.
- Limited automobile intrusion.
- Surrounded by continuous street, and vehicular access provided by cul-de-sacs.
- Minimizes the impact of the car on housing and allows the development of pedestrian circulation and park space within the block
- Basis for planning of:
- Chandigarh, India - Le Corbusier
- Brasilia - Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer.
Planned Unit Development (PUD)
- Large parcel of land - mixed uses- Residential
- Commercial
- Recreational
- Open Space with variable lot sizes and densities
- Industrial
- Must conform to certain standards
- Uses Permitted
Floor Area Ration (FAR)
- Ratio of Developed floor space to land area- Open space Required
- Parking Spaces Required
- Living Space Ratio (open space less parking space)
- Maximum heights
- Setbacks at perimeter.
- Advantages:
- Efficient use of land - Group compatible uses without unnecessary requirements of setback regulations in zoning ordinances.
- Grouping allows extra land to be given to open space or common use areas.
- Variety of housing options possible: single-family detached to row houses to high-rise apartments and condos.
- Recapture some of the diversity and variety of urban living people desire
- Image of the City -
Kevin Lynch
-- Five Basic elements of the urban image:
- Paths - Way of circulation along which people customarily, occasionally, or potentially move.
- Could be a street, pedestrian walkway, railroad, transit line, or river.
- Since they are important part of any physical environment, paths are usually at the center of a person's image.
- Edges
- Linear elements other than paths that form boundaries between to districts or that break continuity.
- May be: Shoreline, line of buildings against park, wall, or similar.
- Can be seen as a path for circulation up close, but an edge from afar. (I.E. - Highway - Edge of one neighborhood, and a path when one is travelling on it).
- Either solid or penetrable.
- Districts
- Two Dimensional areas that people perceive as having some common identifying character and that they can enter.
- Can be perceived from inside if one is in it or it can be identified as an element of the city if one is outside.
- Examples: Back Bay Boston, and Georgetown in Washington
- Nodes
- Strategic centers of interest that people can enter.
- May be the intersections of paths, places where modes of transportation change, plazas, public squares, or centers of districts.
- Landmarks
- Similar to nodes in that they are point references, but people cannot enter them.
- Viewed from exterior. - Tower, monument, building or natural feature.
- Created by buildings, natural features, roads, and other components of the city.
- Site planning and building design should also respond to existing image elements and enhance them if possible.
Figure 2.4¶
Above: Patterns of Urban Development


EU calls on Egypt to respect media freedom
by EUobserverAn EU foreign service spokeswoman on Monday reacted to the raiding of offices of the newspaper Mada Masr by the Egyptian security forces and the jailing of several journalists. "Ongoing restrictions on civil liberties, including restrictions on freedom of expression and assembly and the erosion of media freedom, in Egypt are causes for concern," she said, adding "journalists need to be able to carry out their work without fearing harassment."


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Despite significant progress in reducing child mortality over the last 25 years, 43 out of every 1000 children died before their fifth birthday in 2015. (In 1990, the same statistic was 91.) All in all, almost six million children under the age of five lost their lives this year alone.
As the map below makes clear, the under-five mortality rate was highest in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet because of its large population, India had the highest burden of total under-five deaths: 1.2 million. In fact, five countries — India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Congo DR, and Ethiopia — accounted for almost half of all under-five deaths in 2015.
View/fork on github
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Use the dropdown menu to switch between mortality rate and total deaths. The information can also be displayed as bubbles.