|
The VIEW from the SOUTH
During the 1840s, slavery became the symbol and character of all sectional differences. It was the emotional gasoline on the sectional fires. Its moral and social implications colored every issue in terms of right and rights. William Seward, the Republican leader, recognized the fact: "Every question, political, civil, or ecclesiastical, however foreign to the subject of slavery, brings up slavery as an incident, and the incident supplants the principal question." White Americans had been grappling with the slavery problem since the Revolution. But the classic image of the absolutist "abolitionist" was a late development. Organized antislavery in the early 19th century, as a historian has written, "differed strikingly from the caustic brand Garrison and his colleagues would promote after 1830. It was concentrated in the upper South, was conciliatory to the master, and had minimal sympathy for blacks."[1] It stressed gradual manumission, minimal economic disruption, and repatriation to Africa. Its most prominent organization was the American Colonization Society. On Jan. 1, 1831, William Lloyd Garrison published the first issue of "The Liberator" in Boston. Garrison's rhetoric was abrasive and vituperative, and poured out loathing for the Southern slavemasters. And if the drift began before he emerged, he certainly hammered the wedge in with all he had. Unlike earlier "abolitionists," Garrison and his followers insisted that the process of emancipation begin immediately. They were narrow, self-righteous, and morally firm. That's always been an appealing combination to a lot of Americans. The New England Anti-Slavery Society formed in 1832 with the Garrison doctrine at its core. A little over a year later, the American Anti-Slavery Society formed, and gave the abolitionists a national organization. Thanks to the Tappans and other wealthy abolitionists, at least three-quarters of a million pieces of anti-slavery propaganda were sent out by 1838. The mass mailings sparked riots in South Carolina. Anti-abolitionist mob violence, Lovejoy's murder, and the Gag Resolution all helped steer sympathy to the abolitionist cause and created, in the Northern mind, the spectre of "slave power," the unyielding and irrational force that supposedly motivated the leadership of the South.  Despite a lack of evidence for a connection, these two events were firmly connected in the minds of Southerners and solidified the specter of a powerful Northern movement that would literally rejoice in the massacre of Southern whites. The abolition movement fell apart in 1840 over "the woman question" among other matters of tactics, and the Garrison wing further lost credibility when it (ironically, considering how things turned out) embraced "disunionism" in 1844 -- the notion that the free states should withdraw from the union and have nothing to do with slavery. Most Protestant denominations in the early 19th century seemed to regard slavery as not consistent with Christianity, but they were tepid about it. As the conflict became more acrimonious, the Methodists and the Baptists split over it into northern and southern branches. The Presbyterians were already in a schism over a different theological matter. But the abolitionists were always regarded with great disdain by the traditionally pious folk who made up the majority of America. Their flirtations with other causes, such as free love and socialism, made them anathema. They were obviously guilty of sins such as allowing Lucy Stone and the Grimke sisters to address mixed-gender audiences. Their women sometimes wore bloomer pants and smoked cigarettes. The vocal defenders of slavery generally tried to present slavery as a moral institution, in terms that were understood all over America in the 1850s:
"The white is the superior race, and the black the inferior; and subordination, with or without law, will be the status of the African in this mixed society; and, therefore, it is in the interest of both, and especially of the black race, and of the whole society, that this status should be fixed, controlled, and protected by law." You may call that speech insidious and odious. Today, it is so, and perhaps that means it was also so in 1856, when Sen. Toombs of Georgia spoke it. But it is also true that the assumptions in his speech were obvious ones to most Americans. Toombs wasn't speaking to an audience of fire-eating Charleston secessionists. He was speaking at the Tremont Temple in Boston.
Containing Slavery
There are assumptions behind the common view of 1850s America that seem to amount to a double standard. It seems to regard the movement of non-slaveholding settlers into the western territories as a natural state of things, and the movement of slaveholding settlers into those same territories as "expansion," driven by some class interest. This is the view of the Republican Party, which put forth its candidates on a platform of slavery "containment."
The Northern movement into the west was in many cases calculated and subsidized by special interests such as the New England Emigrant Aid Society. And many Southern families who brought a few slaves into Kansas were simply Americans looking for a better chance in life. The Southern states had as good a claim to share in America's future as the Northern ones. Regiments from the Southern states fought in the Revolutionary campaigns in New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania (I have yet to read of New England regiments defending Charleston or Savannah in 1780). But they felt themselves being cut off from it and forced down into inferiority. They did the bulk of the fighting in the war with Mexico, which brought many of these new territories into the nation.
If you peel back this slave-holder vs. anti-slavery fight over Western territories, you again meet a clash of economic interests. Why did the North fight so hard to prevent slaveholders being allowed to carry their institution into Missouri or Kansas or other western territories? I'd answer that question by asking another one: Why would a textile mill worker in Lancashire, England, undertake the expense and hazard of a voyage to America, only to go to work on the same mule, for the same wage, in an American mill? Because cheap land in the western territories offered him the prospect of making just enough to quit the factory and set himself up as a farmer.
Hamilton, in his 1791 "Report on Manufactures," anticipated this: "Many, whom Manufacturing views would induce to emigrate, would afterwards yield to the temptations, which the particular situation of this Country holds out to Agricultural pursuits."
That's why New England mill owners resisted the expansion of slave labor and cotton plantations into the Louisiana Purchase territories and the land acquired from Mexico. Immigrants didn't flock to Alabama and Mississippi, because the plantation system that had been created there didn't provide the lure of cheap land for family farms. If Kansas and Nebraska had turned into Alabama and Mississippi, that would have cut off an essential inducement to immigrants, who gave the Northern factories cheap labor.
In reality, the lure was usually just a tease. A fraction of the immigrants to Northern mill towns eventually made it west and set up as farmers. The rest cycled from one row of tenaments to another, from Lowell to Montreal to Pittsburgh to Albany, dragging families and debt with them.
The wrangling over slavery in the territories, like the tariff, was part of the bigger picture of one region trying to break out of the original partnership compact and impose its will, its might, and its values on the whole of America. This seems a natural development to us, now, but only because it has been so effectively done. What comes to pass always seems foreordained.
View From the South
In the 1820s and '30s, using money from the export trade and tariffs, Eastern states aggressively built railroads, canals and conventional roads -- extensively aided by the national government in the form of land grants and stock subscriptions -- to capture the Midwestern trade away from New Orleans (and each other).
And as her share of the national bargain, the South got what? She got John Brown. Murderous psychopaths armed and outfitted by the industrialists of the North, sent South to incite race war. Abolitionists gloating about the likelihood of how many white families would be wiped out in a slave rebellion.
The people of the South were aware that, at the time of the Revolution, the upper South and Virginia especially was the wealthiest region of North America. And long before the Civil War, this region had sadly declined. The Virginia state convention of 1829 estimated the state's lands were worth only half what they had been in 1817. The landed gentry economy that produced Washington, Jefferson, and Madison was all but extinct. The North saw this decline, too, and piously blamed it on the baleful influences of slavery. Yet these had been slaveholding regions long before the decline, and in fact slavery was, in part, what built up that early prosperity.
The South looked at that decline and saw it in large part as a product of a defect in the American union, which distributed political power too much on the basis of population. (When I call this a "defect," I'm trying to elucidate the thinking of many Southerners in 1860, not the thinking of me today.) The Southerner looked at the decline of Southern prosperity and the rapid rise of fortunes among what had been in 1787 shabby communities of fish oil merchants in New England. And he looked at the fact that, in the first House of Representatives, Virginia had 10 members and New York six. And that, after the census of 1860, the proportion would be Virginia 11, New York 30.
And he thought about all the tariff bills his state had been asked to support, to protect the infant woolen mills of Connecticut, the rum distilleries of Massachusetts, the iron and paper mills of Pennsylvania. He thought how in some cases the Southern representatives had objected to these tariffs, which forced them to pay more for certain goods, but in many other cases his representatives had voted for the good of the whole country.
And he thought how the Northern powers, whenever possible (as it seemed to him, and as he was told by his newspapers and his political leaders), had used their hegemony in Washington to not only line their own pockets, but to weaken and undermine the South's economy, including the slavery that was intimately woven into it.
And he saw the speeches and pamphlets of the Republicans printed in his newspapers. And he heard the certain claims of what their election would mean, in accellerating what had already been happening.
And he decided he had had enough.
You don't have to agree with it, but you have to try to see it.
1. Ronald G. Walters, American Reformers 1815-1860 (revised ed.), Hill & Wang Pub., 1997.
|
| ©2002Douglas Harper | "When misunderstanding serves others as an advantage, one is helpless to make oneself understood." -Lionel Trilling |


Here you can see how I've applied my skills and abilities so far.
- August 2016 - May 2017
- Tool(s) used: Adobe Photoshop CC
- July 2016
Big things coming soon!


#include "Esp32CtrlLed.h"
#include "SD.h"
#include "FS.h"
#include "Globals.h"
Go to the source code of this file.
|
| void | loadDataToMatrixDisplay (Esp32CtrlLed &Leds, const char *filename) |
| | Opens a given file and reads the frame data into the matrix display array. Note: The first row of all frame files is used to give file information. More...
|
| |
| void | loadDataToBuffer (uint32_t *buffer, const char *filename) |
| | Opens a given file and reads the frame data into the buffer array. Note: The first row of all frame files is used to give file information. More...
|
| |
| void | writeBufferToLed (uint32_t *buffer) |
| | Write the data of the next frame stored on the buffer array, to the matrix display array. More...
|
| |
◆ WE2812SDCARD_H
◆ loadDataToBuffer()
| void loadDataToBuffer |
( |
uint32_t * |
buffer, |
|
|
const char * |
filename |
|
) |
| |
Opens a given file and reads the frame data into the buffer array. Note: The first row of all frame files is used to give file information.
- When reading such files, skip the first row.
- The led data begins on the second row. Every 6 characters is the string value for the pixel color. e.g. "RRGGBB", this will then get converted to a hex unsigned integer.
- Start populating the matrix display array from index 0 up to its length - 1.
Global Variables Used:
- matrix: The LED control object that contains the matrix display array.
- Parameters
-
| buffer | The buffer array; contains the data for the next frame to be displayed. |
| filename | The filename that is opened and read. |
◆ loadDataToMatrixDisplay()
| void loadDataToMatrixDisplay |
( |
Esp32CtrlLed & |
Leds, |
|
|
const char * |
filename |
|
) |
| |
Opens a given file and reads the frame data into the matrix display array. Note: The first row of all frame files is used to give file information.
- When reading such files, skip the first row.
- The led data begins on the second row. Every 6 characters is the string value for the pixel color. e.g. "RRGGBB", this will then get converted to a hex unsigned integer.
- Start populating the matrix display array from index 0 up to its length - 1.
- Parameters
-
| Leds | The LED control object. Contains the matrix display array. |
| filename | The filename that is opened and read. |
◆ writeBufferToLed()
| void writeBufferToLed |
( |
uint32_t * |
buffer | ) |
|
Write the data of the next frame stored on the buffer array, to the matrix display array.
- Parameters
-
| buffer | The buffer array; contains the data for the next frame to be displayed. |


This sample shows how to configure CKEditor instances to use the
textselection (textselection
) plugin that makes the editor keep it's text-selection when switching between WYSIWYG and Source mode, and scrolls the selection into the viewport.
To add a CKEditor instance using the textselection
plugin, insert the following JavaScript call to your code:
CKEDITOR.replace( 'textarea_id', { extraPlugins: 'textselection', });
Note that textarea_id
in the code above is the id
attribute of
the <textarea>
element to be replaced with CKEditor.


Convert selected qualified reference into simple reference and add
static import
for the corresponding class.


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Echo-Test doesn't work
Make sure you're using a recent version of one of the supported Browsers:
- Mozilla Firefox
- Google Chrome
- Microsoft Edge (above Version 80)
- (Safari) (doesn't support some heiconf features, but microphone should work)
Lastly, check your system audio settings. You should have the correct microphone and speakers selected.
Help me identify system audio issues on..


{% extends "aristotle_mdr/create/dec_template_wrapper.html" %}
{% block creationTips %}
Enter a name and short description for the what you would like to create, and Aristotle will do a quick search to see if similar objects exist to reuse.
If no items with similar terms exist, your search terms will be used to pre-populate any new items you create. {% endblock %} {% block formarea %}
{% endblock %}


Voting
Vote counting
Admin
Vote counting results
Updating in {{secondsToUpdate}}
Update now
Results
Political party
Total votes
{{result.politicalParty.name}}
{{result.totalVotes}}
Pie chart


|
marking
1.0
A marking script for 1st year programming
|
An automated marking script for grading programming assignments. Developed for first year courses at UVic.
This script enables the marker to automate certain components of the process of marking assignments while still allowing for manual code inspection. The script is designed to automatically compile, run, capture output, and perform a diff against a master output. The results are then written to a series of text files and displayed in the text editor of choice. Once marking is done, the script automatically generates the comments files as well as the grades file that can then be uploaded to connex to be released to students.
Please see the wiki for more information on usage of the script, along with guidelines for designing assignments that can use it. The full documentation of the source code is coming soon.
There are currently two options for contributing to the script:


FIXTURES_REQUIRED¶
Specifies a list of fixtures the test requires. Fixture names are case sensitive and they are not required to have any similarity to test names.
Fixtures are a way to attach setup and cleanup tasks to a set of tests. If a
test requires a given fixture, then all tests marked as setup tasks for that
fixture will be executed first (once for the whole set of tests, not once per
test requiring the fixture). After all tests requiring a particular fixture
have completed, CTest will ensure all tests marked as cleanup tasks for that
fixture are then executed. Tests are marked as setup tasks with the
FIXTURES_SETUP
property and as cleanup tasks with the
FIXTURES_CLEANUP
property. If any of a fixture’s setup tests fail,
all tests listing that fixture in their FIXTURES_REQUIRED
property will not
be executed. The cleanup tests for the fixture will always be executed, even if
some setup tests fail.
When CTest is asked to execute only a subset of tests (e.g. by the use of
regular expressions or when run with the --rerun-failed
command line
option), it will automatically add any setup or cleanup tests for fixtures
required by any of the tests that are in the execution set. This behavior can
be overridden with the -FS
, -FC
and -FA
command line options to
ctest(1)
if desired.
Since setup and cleanup tasks are also tests, they can have an ordering
specified by the DEPENDS
test property just like any other tests.
This can be exploited to implement setup or cleanup using multiple tests for a
single fixture to modularise setup or cleanup logic.
The concept of a fixture is different to that of a resource specified by
RESOURCE_LOCK
, but they may be used together. A fixture defines a
set of tests which share setup and cleanup requirements, whereas a resource
lock has the effect of ensuring a particular set of tests do not run in
parallel. Some situations may need both, such as setting up a database,
serialising test access to that database and deleting the database again at the
end. For such cases, tests would populate both FIXTURES_REQUIRED
and
RESOURCE_LOCK
to combine the two behaviours. Names used for
RESOURCE_LOCK
have no relationship with names of fixtures, so note
that a resource lock does not imply a fixture and vice versa.
Consider the following example which represents a database test scenario similar to that mentioned above:
add_test(NAME testsDone COMMAND emailResults)
add_test(NAME fooOnly COMMAND testFoo)
add_test(NAME dbOnly COMMAND testDb)
add_test(NAME dbWithFoo COMMAND testDbWithFoo)
add_test(NAME createDB COMMAND initDB)
add_test(NAME setupUsers COMMAND userCreation)
add_test(NAME cleanupDB COMMAND deleteDB)
add_test(NAME cleanupFoo COMMAND removeFoos)
set_tests_properties(setupUsers PROPERTIES DEPENDS createDB)
set_tests_properties(createDB PROPERTIES FIXTURES_SETUP DB)
set_tests_properties(setupUsers PROPERTIES FIXTURES_SETUP DB)
set_tests_properties(cleanupDB PROPERTIES FIXTURES_CLEANUP DB)
set_tests_properties(cleanupFoo PROPERTIES FIXTURES_CLEANUP Foo)
set_tests_properties(testsDone PROPERTIES FIXTURES_CLEANUP "DB;Foo")
set_tests_properties(fooOnly PROPERTIES FIXTURES_REQUIRED Foo)
set_tests_properties(dbOnly PROPERTIES FIXTURES_REQUIRED DB)
set_tests_properties(dbWithFoo PROPERTIES FIXTURES_REQUIRED "DB;Foo")
set_tests_properties(dbOnly dbWithFoo createDB setupUsers cleanupDB
PROPERTIES RESOURCE_LOCK DbAccess)
Key points from this example:
- Two fixtures are defined:
DB
andFoo
. Tests can require a single fixture asfooOnly
anddbOnly
do, or they can depend on multiple fixtures likedbWithFoo
does. - A
DEPENDS
relationship is set up to ensuresetupUsers
happens aftercreateDB
, both of which are setup tests for theDB
fixture and will therefore be executed before thedbOnly
anddbWithFoo
tests automatically. - No explicit
DEPENDS
relationships were needed to make the setup tests run before or the cleanup tests run after the regular tests. - The
Foo
fixture has no setup tests defined, only a single cleanup test. testsDone
is a cleanup test for both theDB
andFoo
fixtures. Therefore, it will only execute once regular tests for both fixtures have finished (i.e. afterfooOnly
,dbOnly
anddbWithFoo
). NoDEPENDS
relationship was specified fortestsDone
, so it is free to run before, after or concurrently with other cleanup tests for either fixture.- The setup and cleanup tests never list the fixtures they are for in their own
FIXTURES_REQUIRED
property, as that would result in a dependency on themselves and be considered an error.


The purpose of services is to handle permissions for the defined roles. A certain role has a certain permission
for a certain service.
You can see this in action on the
permissions page.
Adding and removing services should be done in accordance with the application development process.
This means that adding of a service as itself will not have any effect, if it is not handled by developers
during application development.
Similar to that, if not done in accordance with the application development,
removal of an existing functional service could have unwanted effects on the application.


{{/* Copyright 2017 The LUCI Authors. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. */}} {{define "title"}}Masters{{end}} {{define "content"}} {{with $m := .Model}}
| Builder | LUCI is Prod | Builder on Buildbot | Migration Status | {{if $m.Tryjobs}}Experiment percentage | LUCI Correctness | LUCI Speed | {{end}}
| {{$b.ID.Builder}} | {{$b.LUCIIsProd}} | {{not $b.NotOnBuildbot}} | {{if ne $b.Migration.Status 0}}{{$b.Migration.Status}}{{end}} | {{if $m.Tryjobs}}{{$b.ExperimentPercentage}}% | {{if $b.ShowScores}} {{$b.Migration.Correctness | percent}}% {{end}} | {{if $b.ShowScores}}{{$b.Migration.Speed | percent}}%{{end}} | {{end}}


learning-app.component = Demo of Interpolation for data binding + Transforming to uppercase using built-in Pipe + Navigations and Routing


Preheat the oven to 200C/400F/Gas 6.
For the sage and onion stuffing, preheat the oven to 200C/400F/Gas 6. Heat a frying pan until medium hot, add the butter, onions and sage and fry gently for five minutes until softened.
Place the breadcrumbs into a bowl with the softened onions and mix to combine then add the egg and season with salt and black pepper.
Mix well then form into eight balls and place onto a roasting tray. (Alternatively, use to stuff the chicken.) Roast in the oven for 20 minutes until crisp. Set aside to keep warm.
For the chicken, rub the butter and olive oil over the chicken and season with salt and freshly ground black pepper. Roast the chicken for 20 minutes per 450g/1lb, basting regularly.
Meanwhile, for the bacon chipolatas, place the bacon onto a chopping board, then using the side of the knife, stretch and flatten the bacon until about half as long again.
Cut each strip of bacon in half across, then wrap each piece around a chipolata, securing with a toothpick.
Place onto a roasting tray and roast for 15 minutes until golden-brown and cooked through.
For the bread sauce, stud the onion all over with the cloves, then place into a saucepan along with the bay leaf, peppercorns and milk. Bring the mixture to the boil, remove the pan from the heat and set to cool for 15 minutes.
Remove the onion, bay leaf and peppercorns, then stir in the breadcrumbs.
Return the pan to the heat and cook very gently for 5-10 minutes, stirring occasionally until the breadcrumbs have absorbed all the liquid.
Stir in the butter and season, to taste, with salt and freshly ground black pepper.
To check whether the chicken is cooked, push a skewer into the thigh at the thickest point. If the juices run clear the chicken is cooked. Remove the chicken from the roasting tin and set aside to rest for 15 minutes. Carve the chicken into eight pieces as follows – remove the legs and cut into thigh and drumstick. Remove the wings, and cut the chicken crown into four pieces. Set aside, covered with foil, to keep warm.
Roughly chop the wings and remaining carcass.
To make the gravy, place the roasting tin onto the hob and heat gently, stirring with a wooden spoon and scraping up all the bits from the bottom of the pan. Add the chopped chicken carcass and fry for one minute.
Stir in the flour and cook for 1-2 minutes. Add the wine and simmer until the volume of the wine has reduced by half. Add the stock and simmer for five minutes. Season, to taste, with salt and freshly ground black pepper, then pass the gravy through a sieve into a jug and keep warm until ready to serve.
For the game chips, heat the vegetable oil in a deep, heavy-bottomed saucepan until a small cube of bread sizzles and turns golden-brown when dropped into it. (CAUTION: hot oil can be dangerous. Do not leave unattended.)
Deep-fry the potato slices for 1-2 minutes, or until golden-brown. Remove the game chips from the oil with a slotted spoon, set aside to drain on kitchen paper and season with salt and freshly ground black pepper.
To serve, place a couple of pieces of chicken on the plate. Add a spoonful of bread sauce, some game chips, stuffing and bacon sausages. Finish with a dollop of redcurrant jelly and generous pouring of gravy.


____ _ _________________________________________ \/ \ _/\ / \/ \ / oigtFit \/
VoigtFit Parameter Language¶
The program can be run directly from terminal using a parameter input file to tell VoigtFit what to do:
%] VoigtFit input_filename
The parameter file consists of a set of easy to read statements that define things such as the data to fit, atomic or molecular transitions, or the component structure. All the statements are meant to be relatively intuitive and can be written rather freely in the so-called VoigtFit parameter language.
This language allows the user to define parameters without using python scripting which has a slightly more complex syntax. There are a few general rules for the parameter language:
Everything that comes after a # sign is regarded as a comment and is not parsed.
The number of spaces in a given line between parameters and values is not important.
The order of the statements is not important either. This will be handled by the program at runtime, so you can freely arrange the parameter file as you see fit.
All optional arguments below are stated in square brackets.
Double underscores below indicate an optional keyword argument to be given by the user.
Note
A parameter file template can be created in your working directory
by running VoigtFit
with no arguments.
Many of the statements are optional, but there is a subset of statements that must be present in the file. If these are not present in the parameter file, or if their values are not understood, the program will cause an error. A minimal working example of all the mandatory statements looks something like this:
This is all you need to get started. The rest is an interactive and iterative process, which VoigtFit makes easy for you.
All the available statements that can be included (and parsed) in the parameter file are presented in detail below. For a quick overview of available statements look in the table of contents.
A set of predefined input parameter files are available in the test_data folder on github.
Name¶
name : dataset_name
dataset_name gives the name of the dataset. The dataset is automatically saved (as
dataset_name.hdf5
), and if a dataset of the given name is present in the working directory, it will be loaded automatically. The current dataset can be overwritten by running VoigtFit with the option-f
.
Save¶
save : [ filename ]
filename is the filename used for the graphic output and for parameter output. If no filename is given, the dataset name attribute will be used. The graphic output will be saved in pdf format and the parameter files will be saved as ascii files: The best-fit parameters will be saved to filename.fit and the best-fit continuum parameters will be saved to filename.cont.
z_sys¶
z_sys : z_sys or z_sys = z_sys
z_sys gives the systemic redshift of the absorption system. Relative velocities are calculated with respect to this redshift.
Velocity span¶
velspan = vspan or velspan = vmin vmax
vspan : the value after the equal-sign is taken as the velocity span in km/s around each line to be defined as a fitting region. The default span is ±400 km/s.
vmin and vmax: the velocity extent used around each line as a fitting region. If only one number is given, the region is assumed to be symmetric, see vspan above.
Data¶
data filename resolution [ norm air no-mask nsub=1 ext=None]
filename specifies the path to the spectrum The file should be an ASCII table with up to four columns: wavelength, flux, error, mask separated by blank spaces or a FITS file. See documentation of fitsutil for details about allowed FITS extensions and formats.
resolution is the spectral resolution of the given spectrum in units of km/s. Alternatively, the resolution can be given as a string pointing to a file containing the line-spread function (LSF) for the given spectrum. The file format should follow that laid out by the HST/COS instrument. The first line gives wavelength in Angstrom and the column below each given wavelength defines the kernel in pixel space:
wl1
wl2
wl3
…
wlN
lsf11
lsf21
lsf31
…
lsfN1
lsf12
lsf22
lsf32
…
lsfN2
⋮
⋮
⋮
⋱
⋮
lsf1M
lsf2M
lsf3M
…
lsfNM
Optional arguments:
norm : if present in the line, this indicates that the spectrum in filename are normalized.
air : if present, the wavelengths in the spectrum will be converted from air to vacuum.
no-mask : if present, ignore any pixel mask present in the input data. VoigtFit will automatically try to identify pixel masks in the ASCII or FITS data, so if such automatically retrieved masks are not appropriate for the fitting, they can be ignored by setting including keyword.
nsub=1 : use this keyword to set the subsampling factor of the kernel given in the LSF file. The default value is 1, i.e., assuming that the sampling of the kernel matches the sampling of the data. If no LSF file is given as res then the keyword will be ignored.
ext=None : use this keyword to define which extension to use if there are several data extensions in the input FITS file. This is only relevant for FITS Table data. The extension can be given as the integer index or the extension name.
Example
data 'J2350-0052_uvb.tab' 40. air
This will load the data from the file named ‘J2350-0052_uvb.tab’, convert the wavelength column from air to vacuum, and assign a spectral resolution of 40 km/s.
data "norm_data/norm_2350-0052_vis.tab" 'lsf_file.dat' norm nsub=3
This will load the data from the file named ‘norm_2350-0052_vis.tab’ in the directory ‘norm_data’ and assign a wavelength dependent line spread function as given in the file ‘lsf_file.dat’. The keyword norm is present, so the data will be marked as normalized, and no interactive normalization will therefore pop up during data preparation. The keyword nsub is set to 3, stating that the kernels provided in the LSF file are subsampled by a factor of three relative to the data.
data 'sdss_spectrum.fits' 150. ext=4
This will load the data from the extension no. 4 of the file named ‘sdss_spectrum.fits’:
No. Name Ver Type Cards Dimensions Format 0 PRIMARY 1 PrimaryHDU 114 () 1 COADD 1 BinTableHDU 26 4601R x 8C [E, E, E, J, J, E, E, E] 2 SPALL 1 BinTableHDU 476 1R x 231C [13A, 14A, 4A, E, ..., E] 3 SPZLINE 1 BinTableHDU 48 31R x 19C [J, J, J, 13A, D, ..., E] 4 B1-001145... 1 BinTableHDU 166 2528R x 8C [E, E, E, J, E, E, E, E] 5 B1-001145... 1 BinTableHDU 166 2530R x 8C [E, E, E, J, E, E, E, E]
Lines¶
lines line_tags [ velspan=__ vmin=__ vmax=__ ]
line_tags can be a single line or multiple lines separated by blank spaces. The line tag should match a line in the line-list, e.g., FeII_2374, SiII_1526, or HI_1215. For the Lyman series of hydrogen and deuterium, the following notation is also accepted: HI_1 for the Ly-alpha, HI_3 for Ly-gamma, and so on. Multiple lines statements can be defined in the parameter file.
Optinal arguments:
velspan : the value after the equal-sign is taken as the velocity span in km/s around each line to be defined as a fitting region. The default span is ±400 km/s. This argument cannot be parsed together with vmin or vmax.
vmin and vmax: the velocity extent used around each line as a fitting region. Both values must be given. These arguments cannot be parsed together with velspan.
Example
lines FeII_2260 FeII_2374 SiII_1808 HI_1215
This will define the two singly ionized iron transitions at 2260 and 2374Å together with the singly ionized silicon transition at 1808Å and the Ly-α line using the default velocity span of 400 km/s.
lines vmin=-200 vmax=350 FeII_2374 SiII_1808
This will define the two iron and silicon transitions within a fitting region from -200 to +350 km/s relative to the systemic velocity.
lines HI_1 HI_2 velspan=5000
This will define the Ly-α and Ly-β lines with a larger 5000 km/s velocity span.
Limit [New!]¶
limit line_tags [ ref=__ nofit=False sigma=3 ]
line_tags can be a single line or multiple lines separated by blank spaces. The line tag should match a line in the line-list, e.g., FeII_2374, SiII_1526.
VoigtFit automatically determines the integration limits for the measurement of the equivalent width from a reference line. This reference line is chosen automatically by default, from the strongest line defined which has the same ionization state (e.g., FeII could be used for limits of NiII, TiII etc.; CIV for SiIV etc.).
If no reference line is found, the equivalent width will not calculated. The user can instead force a specific reference line with the keyword ref (see below). The output is printed to the terminal, and is also saved to a text file (’*.limits’).
Multiple limit statements can be defined in the parameter file.
The lines used for limits are defined in a region defined by the default velspan (±400 km/s). This can be changed by using the global velspan statement.
Optional arguments:
ref : should be a line_tag that is already defined in the dataset by the lines statement. This will force VoigtFit to determine the integration limits from that given line.
nofit : the integration limits are by default determined from the best-fit profiles, when possible. The user can disable this and force VoigtFit to use the observed profile of the reference line to determine the integration limits.
sigma : determines the significance level of the derived limit as sigma times the uncertainty on the equivalent width within the integration limits.
Example
limit TiII_1910
This will determine a 3-sigma upper limit on the column density of TiII_1910 line using the strongest line defined by the lines statement. The upper limit together with the measured equivalent width and uncertainty is written to the output file (’*.limits’).
limit CI_1656 ref=CI_1656 sigma=2 nofit=True
The limit statement can also be used to measure equivalent widths of lines that are detected but not fitted: The statement above will determine a 2-sigma upper limit of the CI_1656 using itself as a reference to determine the integration limits. The measured equivalent width and uncertainty (as well as column density, assuming an optically thin line) are given in the output file (’*.limits’).
Fine-structure Lines¶
fine-lines ground_state [ levels velspan=__ vmin=__ vmax=__ ]
ground_state refers to the line identifier for the ground state transition of the line complex, e.g., ‘CI_1656’.
This statement, if present in the parameter file, will define all the corresponding transitions for the given levels of related to the given ground state. At the moment, these line complexes are only defined for neutral carbon (CI) and its two fine-structure levels.
Optional arguments:
levels : indicates which excited fine-structure levels to include. This should be given as a space separated list of letters: ‘a’ for the first excited level (J=1), ‘b’ for the second excited level (J=2), etc. By default, all fine-structure levels will be included.
velspan : the value after the equal-sign is taken as the velocity span in km/s around each line to be defined as a fitting region. The default span is ±400 km/s. This argument cannot be parsed together with vmin or vmax.
vmin and vmax: the velocity extent used around each line as a fitting region. Both values must be given. These arguments cannot be parsed together with velspan.
Example
fine-lines CI_1560
This will define all the transitions of CI, CI* and CI** related to the ground state of the 2s2 2p2 3P → 2s 2p3 3D line complex at 1560 Å.
fine-lines CI_1328 a
This will only define the transitions of the ground state and the first excited fine-structure level (J=1) of the 2s2 2p2 3P → 2s 2p3 3P line complex at 1328 Å.
Important
Components have to be defined manually for the fine-structure levels. For this case, the ion to reference for the excited levels is the ground state ion (in the example above ‘CI’) with the lower case letter to designate the level, see the optional argument levels. So for the first fine-structure level of ‘CI’ the ion would be ‘CIa’.
For more details, see the section add components below.
Add Molecules¶
molecule element bands [ J=__ velspan=__ vmin=__ vmax=__ ]
element refers to the molecule to be fitted, for now only CO and H2 are defined in the database.
- bands designates a list of vibrational bands for the given molecule.
For CO: the A(ν) → X(0) bands for ν up to ν=11, the C(0) → X(0) band, the d(5) → X(0) and e(1) → X(0). The bands are referred to as ‘AX(ν-0)’, ‘CX(0-0)’, ‘dX(5-0)’, and ‘eX(1-0)’.
For H2: the Lyman bands B(ν) → X(0) for ν up to ν=19 and Werner bands C(ν) → X(0) for ν up to ν=5. The Lyman and Werner bands are referred to as ‘BX(ν-0)’ and ‘CX(ν-0)’, respectively.
Optional arguments:
J : the upper rotational level to include for the given bands. All rotational levels from J=0 up to (and including) J will be included. For CO the maximum J level included in the database is J=4, for H2 this is J=7. The default value is J=1.
velspan : the value after the equal-sign is taken as the velocity span in km/s around each line to be defined as a fitting region. The default span is ±400 km/s. This argument cannot be parsed together with vmin or vmax.
vmin and vmax: the velocity extent used around each line as a fitting region. Both values must be given. These arguments cannot be parsed together with velspan.
Example
molecule H2 BX(0-0) BX(1-0) BX(2-0) J=5
This will define the rotational levels up to J=5 for the three lowest vibrational Lyman bands of H2.
molecule CO AX(0-0) AX(1-0) J=4 velspan=120
This will define the rotational levels up to J=4 for the two lowest vibrational bands of CO.
Add Components¶
component ion z b logN [ var_z=True/False var_b=True/False var_N=True/False tie_z=__ tie_b=__ tie_N=__ velocity thermal]
alt.: component ion z=__ b=__ logN=__ [ var_z=True/False var_b=True/False var_N=True/False tie_z=__ tie_b=__ tie_N=__ velocity thermal]
ion specifies for which ion the component should be defined, e.g., FeII, SiII.
z gives the redshift of the component.
b gives the broadening parameter of the given component.
logN gives the 10-base logarithm of the column density for the given component in cm-2.
Note: The order of the values of z, b, logN must be followed, unless the are given as keyword arguments, i.e., logN=__ z=__ b=__
Optional arguments:
Parameters which should be kept fixed can be set by the optional arguments var_z for redshift, var_b for broadening parameter, and var_N for column density. These are passed as keyword values which are either True or False, the default is True.
Parameters for different components and ions can be tied to each other using the tie_z, tie_b, tie_N options. This is mostly used to tie redshifts or broadening parameters for different species. The parameters are tied using the following naming convention: the name of a given parameter is made up by the base (which is either ‘z’, ‘b’, or ‘logN’), the component number (starting from 0), and the ion (e.g., FeII). The base and number are joined together with no spaces in between, and the ion is appended with an underscore (‘_’) as in between; e.g., ‘z0_FeII’ for the first component of FeII.
velocity : if this keyword is included, the first argument (or z=) will be interpreted as a velocity offset relative to z_sys.
thermal : if this keyword is present, the given parameter will be tied to a thermal broadening model.
Example
component FeII 1.957643 7.0 14.5 var_z=False
This will define a component for FeII at z=1.957643 with b = 7.0 km/s and a column density of 1014.5 cm-2. The redshift will no be varied during the fit.
component SiII -109.5 7.0 16.0 tie_b='b0_FeII' velocity
This will define a component for SiII at a relative velocity of -109.5 km/s with b = 7.0 km/s and a column density 1016.0. The b-parameter will be tied to the first component defined for FeII.
Define Variables [New!]¶
def name [ value=__ vary=__ min=__ max=__ expr=’__’ ]
name is the variable name that will be used to refer to this value in algebraic constraints for component values.
This statement allows the user to define new variables to include in the fit. This is a powerful way to define flexible constraints of all the parameters of VoigtFit. The variable name can be referenced in the constraints for lmfit.Parameter expressions, and the keywords follow the definition of this class.
Optional arguments:
No spaces are allowed around the ‘=’ sign and the values. Ex: use
expr='a+b'
, do not giveexpr = 'a + b'
value : sets the initial value of the variable (must be a floating point value!).
vary : either True or False, determines whether the variable is varied or kept fixed during the optimization.
min and max : define the lower and upper bounds, respectively, of the allowed values (must be floating point values). By default, all real values are allowed from -infinity to +infinity.
expr : allows the user to define a constraint using other variables in the dataset, see lmfit for more details about the limitations of the expr keyword.
Example
component FeII 0.0 5. 14.5 velocity
component FeII 10.0 5. 14.2 velocity
def dN value=+1
component SiII 0.0 5. 15.5 velocity tie_N='logN0_FeII+dN'
component SiII 0.0 5. 15.2 velocity tie_N='logN1_FeII+dN'
fix-velocity
This will define two components for FeII at relative velocities 0 and +10 km/s, both with b = 5 km/s
and log column densities of 14.5 and 14.2. The components of SiII are fixed to the same relative
abundance pattern as FeII but with a freely variable logarithmic offset fitted as the variable dN.
The relative velocities and b-values are here assumed to be well-known (e.g., from a previous fit), and
are therefore fixed using the fix-velocity
statement. Alternatively, the b- and z- values can
be tied to those of FeII as well.
Interactive Components¶
interactive line_tags
line_tags can be a single line or multiple lines separated by blank spaces or commas. The line tag should match a line in the line-list, e.g., FeII_2374, SiII_1526. The line tag must be defined in the dataset (using the
lines
statement).
This command will show an interactive window for defining components for the given lines. If the data are not normalized, the first step is to indicate the continuum level, in order to obtain representative initial guesses for the column densities. A single click will set the continuum level to the y-value of the clicked position. Next step is to mark the peak absorption of each component. The depth of the given components will be converted to an initial guess for the column density assuming a resolution limited line-width. When you have marked all components, hit the enter key and the terminal will prompt you to acknowledge the defined components. In the terminal, type either ‘y’, ‘yes’, or simply hit ‘enter’ to accept (case insensitive). Any other key will erase the defined components and start over.
interactive_view : velocity [ or wavelength ]
The interactive_view keyword specifies how the data will be displayed in the interactive window. If velocity or vel is given, the data will be displayed in velocity space relative to the systemic redshift. Otherwise, if wavelength or wave is given, the data are displayed in observed wavelength space – this is the default view.
Example
The interactive definition of components will bring up the following graphic display:
If the data are already normalized, the first window will ask you to simply mark the location of components you want to add by clicking with the cursor (left panel). Otherwise, you will first be prompted to mark the continuum level (in order to estimate the initial column density estimate). You should select both the desired location and depth of the component, as this will allow the code to calculate a realistic starting value based on the resolution of the data. This will make it easier for the code to converge (especially if many components are present). The positions you select will progressively show up as red crosses (right panel) as you mark them. When you have selected the number of components you want to fit, press enter and return to the terminal to save the components.
Copy Components¶
copy components from ion1 to ion2 [ (scale logN ref_comp) tie_z=True/False tie_b=True/False ]
ion1 denotes the ion from which to copy components (FeII, CI, etc.). Components must manually be defined for this ion.
ion2 denotes the ion to which the components will be copied. Lines must be defined for this ion using a
lines
statement.
- Note – The order is not important. This is inferred from the position of the words to and from.
If components are also defined using the regular component statement then both the copied components and the individual components are included in the fit!
Optinal arguments:
scale : this keyword activates a relative scaling of the pattern of column densities from the input ion (ion1) to the destination ion (ion2). The keyword takes two arguments:
logN : the desired column density for the reference component
ref_comp : the number of the reference component (starting from 0).
Note – The default scaling is set to Solar relative abundances for the two elements.
tie_z : If True, all redshifts for ion2 will be tied to those of ion1. Default is True.
tie_b : If True, all b-parameters for ion2 will be tied to those of ion1. Default is True.
Example
copy components from FeII to SiII scale 15.3 1
This will copy the component structure defined for FeII to SiII and the logarithm of the column density of the 2nd component will be set to 15.3 while keeping the relative abundance pattern as defined for FeII.
copy components to CII from FeII tie_b=False
This will copy components already defined for FeII to CII, however, the broadening parameters are not fixed to those of FeII. The initial value for log(N) for CII will be set using the Solar relative abundance of carbon and iron.
Delete Components¶
delete component number [from] ion
number gives the number of the component to delete (starting from 0).
ion gives the ion from which to delete the given component.
Note – the word ‘from’ before the ion is optional.
This function is useful for removing components that were defined using a copy components statement, if not all components for the new ion should be fitted. For components defined via the explicit component statement, a component can simply be commented out (using ‘#’) to delete it from the fit.
Example
Suppose that FeII has 5 components defined and the same component structure has been copied to ZnII; However, the zinc lines are much weaker and therefore only the 4 strongest components can be constrained for ZnII. This would be defined as follows:
component FeII 2.0456 15.5 14.6
component FeII 2.0469 11.5 14.8
component FeII 2.0482 17.5 13.3
component FeII 2.0489 14.0 14.3
component FeII 2.0495 13.5 14.7
copy components from FeII to ZnII scale 13.2 0
delete component 2 from ZnII
Continuum Normalization¶
Unless the input data have already been normalized (use the norm keyword in the data statement), the user can use one of the following two methods to normalize the fitting regions before fitting.
norm_method : linear [ or spline ]
The norm_method specifies how to manually normalize the fitting regions. Before fitting, an interactive window will pop up for each fitting region. It must be either ‘linear’ or ‘spline’. The default is ‘linear’
If norm_method is set to ‘linear’, the user must specify a continuum region on either side of the absorption line (by clicking on the left and right boundaries of the continuum region). The continuum is then fitted using a straight line fit.
If norm_method is set to ‘spline’, the user can select a range of points for each fitting region. The points will then be fitted with a 3rd order spline in order to create a continuum model.
norm_view : velocity [ or wavelength ]
The norm_view keyword specifies how the data will be displayed in the interactive window. If velocity or vel is given, the data will be displayed in velocity space relative to the systemic redshift. Otherwise, if wavelength or wave is given, the data are displayed in observed wavelength space – this is the default view.
C_order = order
order is the highest order of Chebyshev polynomials to include in the continuum model. All orders from 0 up to order will be included.
This statement indicates the maximum order of Chebyshev polynomials to include for the continuum model. The continuum model is automatically optimized together with the line fitting. By giving a negative order, the code will ask to manually normalize the fitting regions using the specified norm_method (see above).
The default is -1, i.e., no Chebyshev model is used.
Example
The interactive normalization selected through norm_method = ‘linear’ will open the following window prompting you to select a region on the left and right hand side of the absorption line. The continuum will then be fitted as a straight line.
The left panel shows the window which pops up asking for a selection of continnuum regions. You have to select a left and right boundary on the left hand side of the absorption line by clicking with the cursor at the position in the plot. The first selected point will show up as a red cross. If you make a mistake you can remove a red cross by right-clicking. After the first two boundaries have been selected, you have to repeat the selection on the right hand side of the absorption profile. Afterwards, the fitting region will be normalized and the normalized region will show in the interactive window (right panel). Then you have to acknowledge that the normalization was done correctly by pressing enter in the terminal. If you want to redo the normalization, type no or n in the terminal and press enter. This will bring you back to the beginning.
Mask¶
mask [ line_tags ] [ force ]
Optional arguments:
line_tags : either a single line identifier (e.g., ‘FeII_2374’) or a space separated list of identifiers for which to run the interactive masking procedure. Default is to define masks for all lines.
force : if present, the masking for the given line_tags will be reset everytime the user runs the fit. Otherwise the mask will only be defined the first time the dataset is fitted and the subsequent runs will load the mask from the previous generation unless the dataset file (.hdf5) is deleted or reset using the -f option of VoigtFit.
This statement allows the user to define mask interactively for all lines or individual lines.
Note – The mask is an exclusion mask, so pixels that are defined in the mask, are not fitted.
Example
If you have included a mask statement in the parameter file (either for all lines or only for selected lines), the following window will pop up:
In the first window (left panel) you are prompted to mark left and right boundaries of regions that should not be included in the fit. You can mark as many regions as you want. The orange and red lines on top of the region indicates telluric emission and absorption templates, respectively. The thin red lines show the position of predefined components for the given ion. When you are done, or you want to update the view to see the masks you have defined, press enter. This will update the graph and show masked regions in red (right panel). If you want to continue adding masks, type no in the terminal and add new masks. When you are done, type yes or simply press enter in the terminal. If you have made a mistake you can clear the masks by typing c or clear in the terminal.
Important
If an uneven number of points are selected, the masks will not be calculated and you have to start over. So if you are defining many masks (e.g., in the Lyman-α forest), it is advised to define the masks in several turns.
mask_view : velocity [ or wavelength ]
The mask_view keyword specifies how the data will be displayed in the interactive window. If velocity or vel is given, the data will be displayed in velocity space relative to the systemic redshift. Otherwise, if wavelength or wave is given, the data are displayed in observed wavelength space – this is the default view.
Note – The telluric template was obtained from ESOs skycalc.
Clear mask¶
clear mask
If this statement is present in the parameter file, the masks for all fitting regions will be reset before eventually defining new masks.
Total Column Densities¶
total
When this statement is present in the parameter file, the total abundances summed over all components for each ion will be printed to the terminal output.
Metallicity¶
metallicity logNHI err_logNHI
logNHI gives the logarithm of the column density of neutral hydrogen in units of cm-2.
err_logNHI gives the associated uncertainty on the logarithm of the column density of neutral hydrogen.
When this statement is present in the parameter file, the best-fit total abundances for the defined ions in the dataset will be converted to metallicities for each ion, that is, the abundance ratios of the given ions to neutral hydrogen relative to Solar abundances from Asplund et al. (2009) are calculated.
Reset Fit Regions¶
reset [ line_tags ]
This statement is deprecated and is no longer parsed by VoigtFit!
Resolution¶
resolution res [ line_tag ]
res gives the desired spectral resolution in km/s.
Note – this will change the resolution for all the loaded spectra.
Optional arguments:
line_tag : specifies the line in a fitting region whose resolution should be changed. Default is all.
Important
Changing the spectral resolution in the data statement will not update the spectral
resolution in the fit, unless the dataset is deleted or overwritten (run VoigtFit -f
).
Change Systemic Redshift¶
systemic = value
This statement defines how to update the systemic redshift after fitting. Possible input for value:
{ auto, none or [ num ion ] }
Default behavior is none: The systemic redshift will not be updated after fitting and the redshift given through the z_sys statement will be used.
If systemic is set to auto the systemic redshift will be set to the redshift of the strongest component. The element used to identify the strongest component will be selected automatically, priority will be given to ions: ’SiII’ or ‘FeII’. If none of these is present, the first line in the dataset will be used.
Warning – This may result in unexpected behavior.
By giving an integer number (num) and an ion, the user can force the systemic redshift to be set to the given component number of the given ion after the fit has converged. The order of the arguments num and ion is not important. Note that the components are 0-indexed, i.e., the first component is num=0. If num is set to -1 then the last component of the given ion is used.
Example
systemic = 2 FeII
this defines the systemic redshift as the 3rd component of FeII
systemic = CI -1
this defines the systemic redshift as the last component of CI
systemic = auto
If SiII is fitted, use strongest component of SiII, else if FeII is fitted use strongest FeII component. Lastly, if neither SiII nor FeII is used in the fit, use the first element defined in the dataset.
Thermal Model¶
thermal ions T=__ turb=__ [ fix-T fix-turb ]
ions is a list of space separated ions (e.g., SiII, CII, HI) to include in the thermal model. Absorption lines for all these ions must be defined using a lines statement, and components for the given ions must be defined as well.
T : this will give the intial guess for the temperature in Kelvins.
turb : this will give the intial guess for the turbulent broadening in km/s.
Optional arguments:
fix-T : if this keyword is present in the line, the temperature will not be varied.
Note – This will assume the same temperature for all components.
fix-turb : if this keyword is present in the line, the turbulent broadening will not be varied.
Note – This will assume the same turbulent broadening for all components.
By default, all components of the given ions are assumed to be part of the thermal model. If the user only wants to use a certain subset of components, then the given components should be defined with the thermal keyword in the component statement.
Example
component FeII 0.0 5. 14.5 velocity thermal
component FeII 10. 9. 15.2 velocity
copy components from FeII to CII
copy components from FeII to OI
thermal FeII CII OI T=500 turb=4.0
This will define a thermal model linking the broadening parameters of CII, OI and FeII in the first component only assuming an initial temperature of 500K and a turbulent broadening of 4.0 km/s.
For more information, see the description of the Results of Physical Model.
Fit-Options¶
fit-options keyword=value
Set of keyword and value pairs that will be passed on to the lmfit minimizer. For a description of these, see the minimize function of lmfit or the documentation for scipy.optimize.minimize or scipy.optimize.leastsq. By default the following parameters are set:
ftol=0.01
andfactor=1.0
.Other acceptable keywords are:
rebin=N
where N refers to the rebinning factor used in the fit.
Example
fit-options rebin=2 method='nelder'
This will rebin the data by a factor of 2 and set the fitting method to Nelder–Mead optimization (instead of the default Levenberg–Marquardt).
fit-option ftol=0.001 rebin=2
This will set the tolerance for the convergence to 0.001 instead of 0.01 and rebin the data by a factor of 2.
Output¶
output individual-regions velocity individual-components
The output statement takes two optional keywords:
individual-regions : which saves the best-fit profile and data into individual files for all the fitting regions.
velocity : which prints the best-fit parameters in terms of relative velocity instead of redshift. For the detailed behavior of this features, see the section on how to change systemic redshift.
individual-components : which saves the profiles of individual components of all lines that are defined. The profiles are calculated over the full wavelength range of the dataset. These are all saved as columns in a file with extension .components. Each component is identified by its ion and the component number, e.g., FeII_0 for the first component of singly ionized iron (FeII).
Load¶
load fit_pars_filename
fit_pars_filename gives the filename of an output file from VoigtFit, containing the best-fit parameters from a previous fit. The components given in the file will be loaded to the current dataset.
Note – This will overwrite any existing components. However, additional components can be added by using the component statement.
Fix Velocity Structure¶
fix-velocity
If this keyword is present in the parameter file, then the velocity structure (i.e., the relative velocities and broadening parameters) of all elements is kept fixed.
Check-Lines¶
check-lines [f_lower=0 f_upper=100 l_lower=0 l_upper=1.e4] [ignore]
If the keyword ignore appears in the command this will turn off the check lines functionality which prompts the user if other transitions for defined ions are available in the spectral coverage of the data. The user can filter the lines that will be prompted by setting the upper and lower limits on oscillator strength (f) or rest-frame wavelength (l) in Angstrom.
Example
check-lines ignore
this turns off the check lines function. The user will not be warned if other lines of already defined ions are available within the spectral data. Use this with caution unless you are very familiar with the atomic line list.
check-lines f_lower=0.001 l_lower=1200
this will only prompt the user if the missing lines have an oscillator strength larger than 0.001 and a rest-frame wavelength larger than 1200 Angstrom.


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{{ middleware.description }}
request is the request that originated the trace. Fields:
next_middleware is the function you have to call to proceed with the request. It will call the next middleware in the stack. The last middleware will make the request to the API backend, and will return a table response with the following fields
You can use Lua to modify the request or the response in your middleware.
Also you can use following APIs in the Lua code.
Use console.log(...) in the middleware code to print to this log console.
{{log.msg}}


{% include 'header.html' %} {% if logged_in %}
your account was successfully made, please login
we could not log you in, please double check your account
{% if request.args.get('account_does_not_exist') %}this account does not exist!
{% endif %} {% if request.args.get('username_in_use') %}this username is already in use!
{% endif %}


ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO'S NEST A film review by David Landers Copyright 1997 David Landers
RATING: **** out of **** - 9.0 out of 10.0 CAST: Jack Nicholson (Randle Patrick McMurphy), Louise Fletcher (Nurse Ratched), Brad Dourif (Billy Bibbit), Danny DeVito (Martini), Will Sampson (Chief), Christopher Lloyd (Taber) DIRECTOR: Milos Forman CERTIFICATION: R (USA) for language YEAR OF PRODUCTION: 1975 ACADEMY AWARDS: Best Picture, Best Director (Forman), Best Actor (Nicholson), Best Actress (Fletcher), Best Adapted Screenplay (Bo Goldman and Lawrence Hauben) ACADEMY AWARD NOMINATIONS: Best Supporting Actor (Dourif), Best Cinematography (Bill Butler and Haskell Wexler), Best Music (Jack Nitzsche), Best Film Editing (Richard Chew, Sheldon Kahn, and Lynzee Klingman)
ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO'S NEST is definitely one of the most memorable films of recent years. Absolutely brilliant performances are turned in by many, although Jack Nicholson's role as Randle Patrick McMurphy stands out more than any. McMurphy is a seemingly common man who just cannot keep himself out of trouble. In addition, Louise Fletcher's portrayal as the evil Nurse Ratched is outstanding. Moreover, the supporting cast is full of familiar names in their very early roles, including Christopher Lloyd (his first appearance ever) and a young Danny DeVito, both performing as mental patients.
ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO'S NEST is a very convincing look into the lives and events of mental patients and the different world that takes place behind closed doors of a mental institute. Milos Forman turns in an extremely wonderful directorial performance in his first award winning movie, and, in fact, only the third American movie he directed. The film is also a rebellious film, in which Jack Nicholson's character, McMurphy, leads a "peasant uprising" against the cruel ways of the current leadership, headed up by Nurse Ratched. Until McMurphy arrives, the mental patients do not so much as think to question the authority. But that all changes once McMurphy steps in.
On his most recent prison sentence, McMurphy formulates a plan. His plan? Pretend that he is insane so that he can get out of doing the standard prison work. Apparently, though, his performance is a little too convincing. He is sent to a mental hospital and admitted as a patient. The head doctors of the institute examine and question him. He is direct to admit that he may do things that seem "crazy", but he definitely does not belong in the mental institute. Alas, the doctors feel that he does, indeed, belong as a patient, and he is admitted. Once inside, he is subjected to the life that is led. The rules are strictly followed and the type of activity that McMurphy enjoys is condemned.
Of course, McMurphy cannot bear to live his life this way, and he bends the rules every way that he can. This includes testing Nurse Ratched's authority and patience every way he can, as well as setting up his own small "gambling casino" in the washroom. This does not last long, for once McMurphy makes away with everyone's cigarettes (the currency), Nurse Ratched closes his operation. McMurphy also attempts to befriend Chief, a very large Indian who is a patient at the hospital.  He teaches him well, for when the patients and workers organize a game, Chief steals the show. Chief also assists McMurphy in escaping. McMurphy decides to steal the bus and take the group for "a ride". Once McMurphy picks up a female friend, he takes the bus to a shipyard where he convinces watchman that the men are a group of doctors from the mental institute. In a very memorable scene, each rather convincing "doctor" is introduced. The group then takes a boat for a fishing trip.
McMurphy gets his second strike against him when he gets into a rumble with a few of the attendats, and he then receives ECT therapy. But the third, and most devestating strike occurs when McMurphy decides to host a little "get together" inside the hospital one night. The consequences of this are devestating and lead to a very emotional ending.
ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO'S NEST is a marvelous, sensational film that will be long remembered as a film about a courageous man who changes the lives of a group of mental patients and is not afraid to stand up to authority. Definitely worthy of the many awards that it and it's cast and crew members received, ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO'S NEST should not be missed.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


{extend name="common/common" /} {block name="head"}
{/block}| Product Name | T-Shirt D2000 | T-Shirt 32000 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Color | Grey | Sky | |
| Brand | Laddo | Albas | |
| Quality | Best Quality | Best Quality | |
| Price | $500.00 | $350.00 | |
| Size | XL | XL | |
| Cupon | N/A | N/A | |
| Ratting | 4.9 | 4.7 | |
| Overview | It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, |
It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, |


Kigali Bank
Name of New Account
Initial Deposit
Submit
Deposit
Submit
Withdraw
Submit
YOUR ACCOUNT NAME:
THE BALANCE IS:


人民币总计:=db("select sum(rmb+rmb_frozen) as sum from user")->fetch()['sum']?>
比特币总计:=db("select sum(btc+btc_frozen) as sum from user")->fetch()['sum']?>
冻结人民币总计:=db("select sum(rmb_frozen) as sum from user")->fetch()['sum']?>
冻结比特币总计:=db("select sum(btc_frozen) as sum from user")->fetch()['sum']?>
活动人民币总计:=db("select sum(rmb) as sum from user")->fetch()['sum']?>
活动比特币总计:=db("select sum(btc) as sum from user")->fetch()['sum']?>


 With simple graphics, you know from where your money comes and where they go.
Veja maisKeep your bills up-to-date is always a problem? O Finans avisa você: receba alertas de contas a pagar e a receber!
Veja maisFinans goes beyond basics and allows that you make amazing controls, essentials for you finance. Simple as it has to be!
Time is money! in seconds, you have all under control and enjoy your free time with something you really care about!
Questions? Doubts? Our super-cool support helps you! We're here to resolve your problemas and let your life so much easier!


You do not have permission to view this page.
If your account is currently under review, please wait for the site administrator to approve your account. If you have not already done so, you may request an account.


Myna is an efficient and easy to use parsing library for JavaScript written using TypeScript 2.0 which targets ECMAScript 5.1.
Unlike several popular parsing libraries (e.g. Jison, PEG.js, nearley, and ANTLR) Myna is an API, not a code generation tool, which makes it easier for programmers to write, debug, and maintain their parsing algorithms. This makes Myna closest to Parsimmon and Chevrotain. Myna has no dependencies, you can just download myna.js and start using it immediately.
There are several example tools that demonstrate how to use Myna parsers and a number of sample grammars shipped with Myna that you can use or modify as needed.
You can either download the latest myna.js
file via GitHub or via Unpkg and start using it in your project, or you can install Myna from npm.
Below is an example of how to use Myna from Node.JS in a single self-contained example:
// Reference the Myna module var m = require('myna-parser'); // Construct a grammar object var g = new function() { this.textdata = m.notChar('\n\r"' + delimiter); this.quoted = m.doubleQuoted(m.notChar('"').or('""').zeroOrMore); this.field = this.textdata.or(this.quoted).zeroOrMore.ast; this.record = this.field.delimited(delimiter).ast; this.file = this.record.delimited(m.newLine).ast; } // Let consumers of the Myna module access m.registerGrammar("csv", g, g.file); // Get the parser var parser = m.parsers.csv; // Parse some input and print the AST var input = 'a,1,"hello"\nb,2,"goodbye"'; console.log(parse(input));
Only rules that are defined with the .ast
property will create nodes in the output parse tree. This saves the work of having to convert from a Concrete Syntax Tree (CST) to an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST).
The Myna library is written in TypeScript 2.0 and is contained in one file myna.ts
. The generated Myna JavaScript file that you would include in your project is myna.js
.
Myna has no run-time dependencies. The Myna module, and the grammars are designed to be able to be run from the browser or from Node.JS.
The myna.js
library is generated from the myna.ts
source file using the TypeScript 2.0 compiler (tsc). I use npm as my build tool and task runner. I would welcome submissions for making my package cross platform. I use Visual Studio Code as my development environment.
There are over a 1000 unit tests written using QUnit. There are also individual test files for each example tool, which you can run as a suite using node tests\testalltools.js
.
For convenience I am providing a minified/obfuscated version dist/myna.min.js
that is being generated with uglify.js.
Please submit any issues, questions, or feature requests via the GitHub issue tracker.
You can show your support by reporting issues, making suggestions, contributing fixes, offering ideas, and providing feedback or critiques of any aspect of this project. Whether it is about code, development environment, documentation, processes, tests, philosophy, or general approach, it is all appreciated and helpful. I want this library to be as useful to you, as it is for me, and I want to continue to learn to be a better developer.
Letting me know how you use Myna, or why you decided against it would also be helpful, as would sharing your grammars with us!
Myna is licensed under the MIT License.
Thank you to my three gatitas Anneye, Anna, and Beatrice for their love, patience, and support. Also thank you to everyone who has ever written open-source code. We are doing this together!
Thanks to Eric Lindahl of Sciumo for being the first person to financially support the Myna project.


What is Mao?
Mao is a card game in which players compete to get rid of all their
hand. It has the following rules:
- A player can only put a card down if it is the same suit or rank to the previous one
- Players are penalized if they do not follow rules that depend on the history of the game.
- The winner of each round gets to add a new secret rule that the other players need to abide by (by trial and error).
Why ZK?
Zero knoweledge allows players to trust that the person penalizing them is actually following a predecided rule.
Our Project
We developed a two-player simplified version of Mao, the game goes as follows:
- At the end of each round, players randomly draw tokens from a set of personal tokens, the drawn token determines the penalty of the player's next rule. (the random scheme is also based on snarks)
- Rules are restricted to being binary, and to only consider the last two moves


Why P r g Ln c h indeed?
Well it Lnch's Prgs of course ... especially for older Prgs permanently out to Lnch.
Recommended for older games (or programs) having limited in-game resolutions, or those games or utilities best run in Batch on multi monitor configurations.
For those with rapidly devolving vowels, this program endeavours to bring a special consonance between the Prg of execution and the operating host channeled by an aura of immaculate Lnch.
Could there be some kind of karma permeating through the outer shell of Prg already?


How to create human readable randomized passwords?
This issue came up in my day job where the client didn’t like our password reset passwords. They said it was too random and people can’t remember it long enough between reading it in there email and entering it into our app/website.
This might be a matter of taste since sending out a password change link is another common solution, but we don’t have that flow in our existing implementation. Generating a less random temporary password is the quicker solution.
So the method we chose was to pick a random 4 letter word from a dictionary file and append a number to the end of it.
We found a hacker’s dictionary online and used that as our base. To restrict it to just 4 letter words I ran:
cat en-US.dict | ruby -ne 't = $_.strip; puts t if t =~ /^\w{4}$/' > passwd.dict
What is this doing?
(skip this if your already familiar with Bash and Ruby)
cat en-US.dict
print the contents of en-US.dict to stdout.| ruby -ne '...'
direct to output ofcat
intoruby
. a.-n
tellsruby
to iterate through all the lines and set the global$_
variable to the current line. b.e
tellsruby
to execute the next argument as aruby
scriptt = $_.strip
remove any leading or trailing whitespace and set it to variablet
;
ruby line separator so we can do this as a one linerputs t
print the value oft
if t =~
only execute the previous lineputs t
ift
matches the following regular expression./^\w{4}$/
this is a regular expression that matches anyt
which contains exactly 4 characters between [a-z] and [A-Z]> passwd.dict
redirect anything which wasputs
by step 5 into a file namedpasswd.dict
Random Word Selection
The next part was the random selection. It isn’t that fancy, but I figured I shouldn’t leave it out.
To restrict it to just 4 letter words I ran:
def random_passwd words = File.read('passwd.dict').split # read the contents of passwd.dict and # convert it into an array. 1 element per word. word = words[(rand * words.size).to_i] # pick a random element. num = (rand * 8).to_i + 2 # pick number between 2 and 8. word + num.to_s # concatenate the two strings together. end
That’s about it.
Misc Points of Interest
- The file read maybe cached, but all the 4 letter words in the English language was only ~2500, and the cost of reading the file was less than a a millisecond.
- The passwd.dict file has an extra line feed at the end so we took that out manually. We were editing the file anyway to remove the potentially offensive 4 letter words.
- The regex can be changed to taste, but we figured 4 letter words are easily remembered.
- In our actual implementation, we further restrict the word list so the words can’t end in “l” or “o” so the user wouldn’t confuse them with numbers. This is the same reason we don’t pick a random number starting with 0 or 1.
- You’ll most certainly want to force the user to change the password after entering this one. The whole point was to have a weak password so the user could remember and type it.
Hope this can be helpful to some one out there.


A Designer with a passion for branding, user interface and user experience
design. When I’m not designing or reading design books, I’m watching
football or playing video games
You can find me out there on
DRIBBLE,
BEHANCE and
INSTAGRAM
displaying my design works,
MEDIUM writing an article, and on
TWITTER
tweeting about everything and anything I’m interested in.


projects/classroom-rds/src/app/classroom/announcements/announcements.module.ts
import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { CommonModule } from '@angular/common';
import { FlexLayoutModule } from '@angular/flex-layout';
import { FontAwesomeModule } from '@fortawesome/angular-fontawesome';
import { EntityDataService, EntityDefinitionService, EntityServices } from '@ngrx/data';
import * as fromEntity from '@rds-store/app/config/entity-metadata';
import * as fromAnnouncement from '@rds-store/announcement';
import { AnnouncementDataService } from<EMAIL_ADDRESS>import { AnnouncementEntityService } from<EMAIL_ADDRESS>import { AnnouncementsRoutingModule } from './announcements-routing.module';
import { AnnouncementResolver } from './services/announcement.resolver';
import { AnnouncementsService } from './services/announcements.service';
import { AnnouncementDialogComponent } from './components/announcement-dialog/announcement-dialog.component';
import { AnnouncementResultComponent } from './components/announcement-result/announcement-result.component';
import { CourseAnnouncementsComponent } from './components/course-announcements/course-announcements.component';
import { MaterialModule } from '~/app/modules/material.module';
@NgModule({
declarations: [
CourseAnnouncementsComponent,
AnnouncementDialogComponent,
AnnouncementResultComponent,
],
exports: [
CourseAnnouncementsComponent,
AnnouncementDialogComponent,
AnnouncementResultComponent,
],
imports: [
CommonModule,
AnnouncementsRoutingModule,
FormsModule,
MaterialModule,
FlexLayoutModule,
FontAwesomeModule
], providers: [
AnnouncementsService,
AnnouncementEntityService,
AnnouncementDataService,
AnnouncementResolver
]
})
export class AnnouncementsModule {
constructor(
eds: EntityDefinitionService,
entityServices: EntityServices,
announcementEntityService: AnnouncementEntityService,
entityDataService: EntityDataService,
announcementDataService: AnnouncementDataService,
) {
entityServices.registerEntityCollectionServices([announcementEntityService]);
eds.registerMetadataMap(fromEntity.entityMetadata);
entityDataService.registerService(fromAnnouncement.entityCollectionName, announcementDataService);
}
}


QUEEN MARGOT A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1995 Steve Rhodes
RATING (0 TO ****): 1/2
QUEEN MARGOT is about a period of French history (1572) of which I know little. I am a big history buff, I love costume dramas, and I have seen the excellent trailers for QUEEN MARGOT so I was looking forward to this show.
In France, Queen Margot, a Catholic, marries Henri of Navarre, a Protestant, in an arranged marriage that neither wants. That much is clear. It is also obvious that the two religious camps hate each other and that war is about to break out. Everything else including who all of the minor characters are and why is a total fog for the first hour of the movie. Eventually, you figure it all out and then you realize that the problem with the movie is not that it is incomprehensible. The problem in the movie is that it was poorly crafted from the beginning.
How do I start in describing this disaster of a movie? Let's start with the cinematography. It was filmed with cameras with dirty lens or so it seemed, and they used a low contrast film that made the picture hard to see, dark and depressing. The set decoration, with the possible exception of the cathedral scene, was bland and totally without imagination.
Perhaps the worst parts of the movie are the costumes and the makeup. On the one hand, I love seeing beautiful women in movies, and this picture was filled with them. So why am I complaining? On the other hand, are we really supposed to believe that every single woman, rich and poor, in France looked like she just stepped out of a photoshoot for Vogue with million dollar clothes and tons of makeup whereas every single man looked like an alcoholic bum who had not taken a bath in years and had the look of grease dripping from his beard? Sad to say they got an Academy Award nomination for this clothing too.
The acting was of the lets all look pained and deliver our lines in a low whinny whisper school of acting. Isabelle Adjani looked marvelous in the picture, but too bad they forgot to tell her this was not a photo session and she had to act. Henri (Daniel Auteuil) looked like he had gas in most of the movie. I hope he gets to feeling better soon. All of the other actors and actresses in the movie managed to be even worse than the two leads which was hard to do.
The director (Patrice Chereau) had no idea what kind of movie he wanted to make, and it showed. He provided lots of bloody scenes in an attempt to enliven this dreary and boring movie, but to no avail.
The movie runs on and on and on at an exhausting 2:23. It is rated R for numerous bloody decapitations, murders of all types, rape, sex, and scenes reminiscent of the bodies in Nazi concentration camps. I do not recommend it for any human being and certainly not for teenagers or younger. It is in French with English subtitles. I give it 1/2 of a star for reasons that totally escape me--perhaps Adjani's smile is worth a half a star.
**** = One of the top few films of this or any year. A must see film. *** = Excellent show. Look for it. ** = Average movie. Kind of enjoyable. * = Poor show.  Totally unbearable.
REVIEWED WRITTEN ON: February 3, 1995
Opinions expressed are mine and not meant to reflect my employer's.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


LAND AND FREEDOM (TIERRA Y LIBERTAD) A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1996 Steve Rhodes
RATING (0 TO ****): **
English Director Kenneth Loach's last film was the brilliant and powerful but hard to watch LADYBIRD, LADYBIRD. This time he brings us LAND AND FREEDOM (Tierra y Libertad) about English men and women going to Spain to fight in the Spanish Civil War in 1936.
The film starts in the present with the death of an old man named David. David is played by Ian Heart who was John Lennon in BACKBEAT. In going through David's effects his granddaughter (Suzanne Maddock) learns out how he was a member of the trade unions and the British Communist party who left the safety of Britain to answer the call to join the socialists, anarchists, and communists in Spain in their battle against the fascist forces of General Francisco Franco.
The movie is shown in flashback as we relive David's life as a member of the Spanish militia. The brilliantly lit cinematography (Barry Ackroyd) and the decaying sets (Martin Johnson) evoke a feel of the desperation of their cause. They are in a ragtag army and fight under miserable conditions. You never see Franco's forces, but somehow the picture conveys the feeling that they must have been much better off since after all at least they have fancy uniforms and a real chain of command. Nevertheless, David loves the militia and in one of his letters writes, "We elect the officers and everything. It's socialism in action - not like the army back home." He is an idealist who thinks, "Revolutions are contagious."
At first the fighting is a lark with both sides trading insults and jokes from their respective foxholes. During this time, David is in bliss. Soon however the militia and the film bogs down in talkfests as thick as molasses. The socialists, anarchists, and communists get locked in long verbal battles over their goals. They each want immediately to remake society exactly according to their recipe and defeating Franco is only of secondary importance. This infuriates David.
The script by Jim Allen gets so wordy that you feel like screaming "enough already, back to the story." A little of this infighting is fascinating; extremely long scene after scene of it is not. A typical battle among the leftists has the socialists thinking dirt poor farmers should be allowed to keep their measly four acres of land whereas the communists believe that they should immediately collectivize everything even if that means they starve for a while since the collectives thus far have proven unsuccessful.
The acting by Ian Heart is quite good. The acting by the rest of the cast, Blance (Rosana Pastor), Maite (Iciar Bollain), Lawerence (Tom Gilroy), Vidal (Marc Martinez), and Bernard (Frederic Pierrot) is okay, but nothing special. The historical perspectives the film provides from the inside of the Militia is fascinating, but the picture drags incredibly through its long middle. It needed much stronger editing than Jonathan Morris provided.
LAND AND FREEDOM runs 1:49, but should have been shorter and more focused. It is in English and Spanish with English subtitles. It is not rated, but would probably be rated R. There is no sex, no nudity, a couple of uses of the F word, and only mild violence considering this is a war picture. It would be fine for any teenager. I liked a lot of the picture, but the long, slow, and pedantic middle was too much for me to be able to recommend it. I do give it ** for many good parts.
**** = One of the top few films of this or any year. A must see film. *** = Excellent show. Look for it. ** = Average movie. Kind of enjoyable. * = Poor show.  Totally unbearable.
REVIEW WRITTEN ON: April 30, 1996
Opinions expressed are mine and not meant to reflect my employer's.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


- Source:
All Containers of Reactor
Methods
AppContainer()
- Source:
App container.
BallContainer()
- Source:
Ball container.
BonusContainer()
- Source:
Bonus container.
BossContainer()
- Source:
Boss container.
Chest1Container()
- Source:
Chest1 container.
Chest2Container()
- Source:
Chest2 container.
FalseAnswerContainer()
False answer container.
ForgotpasswordContainer()
Forgotpassword container.
GameContainer()
- Source:
Game container.
GlobalMapContainer()
- Source:
GlobalMap container.
HoleContainer()
- Source:
Hole container.
HompageContainer()
- Source:
Homepage container.
Level1Container()
- Source:
Level1 container.
Level2Container()
- Source:
Level2 container.
Level3Container()
- Source:
Level3 container.
LoginContainer()
- Source:
Login container.
MetaContainer()
- Source:
Meta container.
MinimapContainer()
- Source:
Minimap container.
Reactorontainer()
- Source:
Reactor container.
RoomBossContainer()
- Source:
RoomBoss container.
RoomChestContainer()
- Source:
RoomChest container.
RoomHostile1Container()
RoomHostile1 container.
RoomHostile2Container()
RoomHostile2 container.
RoomStartContainer()
- Source:
RoomStart container.
SignupContainer()
- Source:
Signup container.
StatsBossContainer()
- Source:
Stats Boss container.
StatsContainer()
- Source:
Stats container.
UserContainer()
- Source:
User container.


Book Now:
Service Type
Service Name
{{listservicesselect.name}}
Employee
{{employee.firstName}}
Search
Possible Appointments:
Date(YYYY-MM-DD)
Time
{{appointment.date.year}} - {{appointment.date.month}}- {{appointment.date.day}}
{{appointment.hour}} : {{appointment.minute}}
Book Now