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REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION I.A. No. 1967 in I.A. No. 1785 IN Writ Petition (C) No. 4677 of 1985 M.C. Mehta ... Petitioner(s) versus Union of India and Ors. ... Respondents with I.A. No. 1785, I.A. No. 2152 in I.A. No. 1785, I.A. Nos. 1962 & 2143 in I.A. No. 1785, I.A. No. 2186 in I.A. No. 1785, I.A. No. 2168 in I.A. No. 1785 and I.A. No. 2385 in I.A. No. 1785. with I.A. No. 1465 and I.A. Nos. 2426-2427 IN Writ Petition (C) No. 202 of 1995 T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad ... Petitioner(s) versus Union of India and Ors. ... Respondents JUDGMENT
2 S.H. KAPADIA, J.
Has the situation (optimization of land and ecological degradation in an area admeasuring approximately 448 sq. kms. in the Aravalli Hill Range falling in the Districts of Faridabad and Gurgaon including Mewat) predicted in para 89 of the Judgment in M.C. Mehta1 case come about so as to warrant total stoppage of mining activity as stated in para 96(6) of the said judgment; and if so, what should be the duration of such ban/stoppage?
2. In this connection, at the very outset, we quote paras 89 and 96(6) of the said judgment, which read as follows:
"89. It may be reiterated that if, despite stringent conditions, the degradation of environment continues and reaches a stage of no-return, this Court may have to consider, at a later date, the closure of mining activity in areas where there is such a risk."
"96(6) The Aravalli hill range has to be protected at any cost. In case despite stringent conditions, there is an adverse irreversible effect on the ecology in the Aravalli hill range area, at a later date, the total stoppage of mining activity in the area may have to be considered. For similar reasons such step may have to be considered in respect of mining in Faridabad district as well."
3. History of the relevant Orders passed by this Court:
(i) On 6.5.2002 the following Order was passed: "IA No. 1785 1 (2004) 12 SCC 118 3 2. Issue notice. Mr Bharat Singh accepts. Reply be
filed within four weeks. Rejoinder be filed within four weeks thereafter. In the meantime, within 48 hours from today the Chief Secretary, Government of Haryana is directed to stop all mining activities and pumping of groundwater in and from an area up to 5 km from the Delhi-Haryana border in the Haryana side of the ridge and also in the Aravalli hills." (emphasis supplied)
(ii) On 29/30.10.2002 the following Order was passed:
"ILLEGAL MINING IN ARAVALLIS ...We, prohibit and ban all mining activity in the entire Aravalli hills. This ban is not limited only to the hills encircling Kote and Alampur villages but extends to the entire hill range of Aravalli from Dholpur to Rajasthan. The Chief Secretary, State of Haryana and Chief Secretary, State of Rajasthan are directed to ensure that no mining activity in the Aravalli hills is carried out, especially, in that part which has been regarded as forest area or protected under the Environment (Protection) Act." (emphasis supplied)
(iii) On 31.10.2002 the following Order was passed:
"IA No. 1785 in IA No. 22 and in WP No. 4677 of 1985, all IAs and WPs on board It is represented that applications have been filed with regard to environment impact assessment, and for approval of plans with regard to the mining activity which was proposed by the applicants/leaseholders. The said applications have to be dealt with in terms of the notification dated 27-1-1994 of the Ministry of Environment and Forests. The said notification relates to environment impact assessment of development projects. It appears that environment clearance has not been obtained and the learned counsel submit that the applicants/leaseholders cannot be faulted for this.4
It is quite obvious that on the principle of sustainable development, no mining activity can be carried out without remedial measures taking place. For this purpose, it is necessary that environment impact assessment is done and the applications dealt with before any mining activity can be permitted.
Counsel will give on the next date of hearing list of applications which were filed, so that the Ministry of Environment can be put to notice and be required to deal with those applications and to dispose of them within a period to be specified by this Court.
Liberty to file additional affidavits given.
The State of Haryana will also explain on the next date of hearing as to whether royalty payable to the villages has been given or not.
To come up on 25.11.2002."
(iv) On 16.12.2002 the following Order was passed:
"IAs 828, 833, 834-835, 837-838, 839, 840, 846 & 847 One of the aforesaid applications has been filed by the State of Rajasthan seeking modification or clarification to the effect that the order dated 29/30th October 2002 would be applicable only to illegal mines in the Aravalli hills. IA 840 has been filed by M/s. Gurgaon Sohna Mineral and Anr. seeking similar relief. Applications have also been filed by State of Haryana and other parties.
We have heard learned counsel. On 29th/30th October, 2002 this Court prohibited and banned the mining activities in the entire Aravalli hills. This ban, it was directed, is not limited only to the hills encircling Kote and Alampur villages but extends to the entire hill range of Aravalli from Haryana to Rajasthan. The Chief Secretary, State of Haryana and State of Rajasthan were directed to ensure that no mining activity in the Aravalli 5 hills is carried out, especially in that part which has been regarded as Forest Area or protected under the Environment (Protection) Act.
On consideration of the report of Central Empowered Committee dated December 14, 2002, we issue the following further directions:
(1) Mining may be permitted in Forest Areas where specific prior approval under Section 2 of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 has been accorded by the Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. However, in view of this Court's order dated 14.2.2000 passed in I.A.No. 548 no mining activity is permitted within areas which are notified as Sanctuary, National Park under Sections 18, 35 of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 or any Sanctuary, National Part or Game Reserve declared under any other Act or Rules made thereunder even if prior approval have been obtained from the MOEF under the F.C. Act in such an area.
(2) Under Notification dated 29th November, 1999 issued under Section 23 of the Environment (Protection) Act for certain Districts including Gurgaon District in the State of Haryana, the Ministry has delegated power to grant approval for mining purposes to the State. The mining activities are being regulated under the Notification dated 7th May, 1992 issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forest (Annexure A-1 in IA No.
833). We direct that, for the time being, no mining shall be permitted within the areas of Gurgaon District in the State of Haryana where mining is regulated under the Notification dated 7.5.1992 issued under Section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, pursuant to permission granted after 29 November, 1999.
Meanwhile, the Central Empowered Committee which is examining the matter will give its suggestions within a period of six weeks. On the receipt of those 6 suggestions, the prayers made by the applicants for modification of the order dated 29/30.10.2002 insofar as the Gurgaon District is concerned will be considered.
(3) No mining activity would be permitted in respect of areas where there is a dispute of applicability of F.C. Act, till such time the dispute is resolved or approval under the FC Act is accorded, in addition to order already passed in Writ Petition No. 4677/1985.
For the present, no mining will be permitted in the areas for which notification under Sections 4 and 5 of the Punjab Land Preservation Act 1900 have been issued for regulating the breaking up of the land etc. and such lands are or were recorded as "Forest" in Government records even if the notification period has expired, unless there is approval under the FC Act.
Learned Attorney General and Solicitor General will assist the Court on the aforesaid aspects on the next date of hearing.
In respect of suggestion 7 and 8, the Union of India will respond on the next date of hearing.
The order dated 29/30th October, prohibiting and banning the mining activity in Aravalli hills from Haryana to Rajasthan is modified insofar as the State of Rajasthan is concerned to the following effect:
Wherever requisite approval/sanctions in the said State have been obtained under FC Act and EP Act, and the mining is not prohibited under the applicable Acts or notifications or orders of the Court, mining can continue and to such mining the order aforesaid will not apply.
This order will be applicable to non-forest land covered for the period prior to the date of modification of the order dated 29th November 1999 in the State of Haryana.
7
This variation will not apply to the area in the Alampur District in the State of Haryana.
List the matter on 7th February, 2003 at 2 O'Clock." (emphasis supplied) I. Reasons behind Order dated 29/30.10.2002 imposing total ban:
4. The question to be answered at the outset is why did this Court impose a complete ban on mining in the Aravalli range falling in the State of Haryana which broadly falls in District Gurgaon and District Faridabad including Mewat? The statistical data placed before this Court indicated that, in October, 2002, twenty six mines were inspected which indicated wide scale non-compliance of statutory Rules and Regulations applicable to mines. Broadly stated, most of these mines failed to obtain environmental clearances. Most of these mines failed to submit environmental management plan. In some cases, the status of mining indicated below groundwater table. Mining pits were turned into huge groundwater lakes. No efforts were made to create plantation. Broadly, these were silica sand mines. In some cases, even groundwater stood extracted. Deep mining pits with large water bodies were detected. Huge amounts of overburden were also seen in the area. These are some of the defects which were highlighted by EPCA in various Reports as far back as October, 2002. These non-compliances have also been 8 highlighted with the names of the mines meticulously in para 18 of the judgment in the case of M.C. Mehta (supra). It is important to note that by Notification dated 7.5.1992 issued by MoEF under Section 3(2)(v) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 ("EP Act" for short), as amended, all new mining operations including renewal leases stood banned. The Notification further laid down the procedure for taking prior permission before undertaking mining activity. At this stage it may be noted that by Notification dated 27.1.1994 as amended on 4.5.1994 issued by MoEF under Section 3(2) of the EP Act, 1986 read with Rule 6, Environment Impact Assessment ("EIA") before commencement of any mining operation became mandatory. Therefore, by Order dated 29/30.10.2002, when this Court found large scale mining without Approved Plans, it decided to ban all mining activities in the Aravalli Range.
II. Fall out of the Order dated 29/30.10.2002:
5. After Order dated 29/30.10.2002, I.As. were moved saying that applications have been filed for EIA and for approval of plans and it is at this stage that this Court ordered that no mining activity could be carried out without remedial measures being taken and for that purpose, it was necessary that EIA had to be done before any mining activity could be permitted. (see 2004 (12) SCC 118 at p.185).
9
6. At this stage, one event needs to be highlighted. The powers vested in the Central Government in terms of Notification dated 7.5.1992 were delegated to State Government concerned, namely, Rajasthan and Haryana, vide Notification dated 29.11.1999. But the delegation in favour of the State stood withdrawn when it was found that most of the mines in the State were operating in violation of Approved Plans. In most cases, mining operations were carried out unscientifically with the sole aim of maximizing profits which resulted in indiscriminate scattering of the overburden, wasteful manner of mining with complete disregard to mineral conservation aspect, rendering reclamation of mined area impossible. This Court further found that mining leases were granted by the State in areas where plantations were undertaken with the financial assistance provided by international donor agencies. That, mining was permitted in a manner which was destroying the groundwater table as also causing irreparable damage to the critical groundwater reserves. That, there was no effective mechanism to ensure compliance of various conditions stipulated while giving approvals and, lastly, no deterrent action was taken against mines for serious violations and non-compliance of conditions were found.
10III. Consequences of Continuous Violation of the Rules:
7. As stated above, Notification dated 7.5.1992 was passed with a view to strictly implement the measures to protect the ecology of the Aravallis range. It was followed more in its breach. The Aravallis, the most distinctive and ancient mountain chain of Peninsular India, mark the site of one of the oldest geological formations in the world. Due to its geological location, desertification is stopped and it prevents expansion of the desert into Delhi. On account of extensive mining on a disproportionate scale without taking remedial measures has resulted irreversible changes in the environment at Aravalli. It is in the aforestated background that any mining activity came to be banned under Order dated 29/30.10.2002. Even as far back as 2002, the environmental problems in the Aravalli range in Gurgaon district came to be identified. Remedial measures including pollution control guidelines and action plan for various stakeholders came to be suggested by CMPDI. Though guidelines for mining operations came to be issued by the State Government, the compliance was not there. Moreover, there was no mechanism to upgrade the mining technologies to minimize the impact due to mining in the eco-sensitive zones. CMPDI also noticed that in the Aravalli Hills a large number of activities, operations of stone crushers and deforestation had caused environmental degradation even in 2002 which is 11 clear from para 63 of the above judgment in M.C. Mehta case (supra) and the tragedy is that despite all warnings, the mines continued their operations without Environment Management Plan. That, right from 18.3.2004, when this Court pronounced the judgment in M.C. Mehta case (supra), till date, number of Reports came to be submitted as the Court tried to balance mining activity on one hand with protection of environment on the other hand. In fact, in para 57 of the said judgment, this Court stated that so long as it is possible to undertake mining operations on the sustainable development principle, the Court should not impose complete ban on mining as it generates revenue for the State. However, vide para 89, a warning was given that if despite imposition of stringent conditions, the degradation of environment continuous and reaches a stage of no-return, then this Court may have to consider at a later date the closure of mining activity. This prediction has come true. The consequence is that the State now has decided to close the mining activity. Para 89 is also important from another angle. The judgment in M.C. Mehta case (supra) has left it to this Court to consider at a later date the closure of mining activity. Even in para 96(6), this Court observed that mining activity can be permitted only on the basis of sustainable development and on compliance with stringent conditions as the Aravalli Hill Range has to be protected at any cost and in case despite 12 stringent conditions, mining results in an irreversible consequence on the ecology in the said area then at a later date the total stoppage of mining activity may have to be considered. In other words, in the judgment of this Court in M.C. Mehta case (supra) decided on 18.3.2004, a window was left open for this Court to impose complete ban on mining operations if emergent situation arises. The decision to ban/suspend mining in the above area has been taken by State of Haryana (see Minutes of the Meeting dated 7.1.2009 annexed as Exhibit R/4 to the Second Report dated 15.1.2009 of CEC). In the said meeting held on 7.1.2009, a consensus has been reached between CEC and the State of Haryana to declare the entire Aravalli Hill Range falling in the Districts of Faridabad and Gurgaon including Mewat as a "Prohibited Zone" so far as mining of major mineral is concerned. The decision of State of Haryana is also supported by MoEF, as submitted by Shri Parag Tripathi, learned Additional Solicitor General. IV. Breach of Relevant Rules and Consequences thereof:
(a) Mining Projects:
8. Nature has endowed India with a wide variety of temperate and tropical forests. The Earth has not only provided ridges, fauna, flora to India but immense mineral treasures with great potential for economic exploitation. At the same time, our economy is facing problems on account 13 of rising population, indiscriminate industrialization, unsustainable exploitation of natural resources etc. Mining sector is regulated by a large number of environment and forest statutes. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974; Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 were enacted to implement the decisions taken in United Nations Conference on Human Environment in 1972 at Stockholm. These environment and forests statutes interact with mining regulations under Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957; Mineral Concession Rules, 1960; Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988. On account of depletion of the forest cover, we have the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, which was enacted to regulate the diversion of forest area for non-forest purposes. Similarly, under the EP Act, 1986 we have several notifications, including Environment Impact Assessment Notification 1994. At the same time, mining comes under the purview of large number of mining statutes which are required to be implemented inter alia by State Forest Departments, State Pollution Control Boards, Forest Advisory Committee(s), MoEF etc. The grant of mining leases (major and minor minerals both, including quarry leases, quarry permits, short term permits etc.) inside forest areas coming under the purview of Section 2(ii) of Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. It 14 applies to mining leases. It is important to note that in order to operate mining inside the forest area, the lessee is required to possess clearances under Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 ("1957 Act"); under Section 2(ii) of Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980; and to Environment Clearance under EIA Notification which applies to mining of major minerals and to the areas exceeding 5 hectares. In case of mining projects, a Site Clearance is also required which is issued either by the Central Government or the State Government depending upon the area of land let out on lease. Further, Section 2(ii) of Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 prohibits grant or renewal of mining lease without prior approval of Central Government.
(b) Mining Plan:
9. Mining plan is prepared with the object of providing a systematic working of mine after considering every aspect of the background information, plant, machinery, method of working, object of mining, mining operations and reclamation of mined out areas. It is a mandatory document comprising information about leasehold area showing nature and extent of mineral body, prospecting data, details of geology including mineral reserves, method of mining, manual mining, mechanised mining, nature and extent of water bodies, forest areas, density of the trees, protective areas, 15 environment impact assessment of mining activity on forest, land surface, details of ecological restoration of area, land reclamation, use of pollution control devices and plans for excavation from year to year for 5 years and such matters and measures as may be directed by the Central Government or the State Government (see Handbook of Environment & Forest Legislations, Guidelines and Procedures in India by Ravindra N. Saxena and Sangita Saxena at p. 1529). The concept of mining plan applies to cases of mining of major minerals.
(c) Environmental Management Plan:
10. Rule 22(5) of Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 provides for various components of a mining plan. Every mining plan has to indicate limits of reserves, density of trees, assessment of impact of mining activity on forests, land surface and scheme for restoration of the area by afforestation, land reclamation and such other measures as may be directed by the Central Government from time to time. The mining plan includes Environmental Management Plan which must indicate the area degraded due to quarrying, dumping etc., a statement on Environment Impact Assessment giving details of the impact of mining on environment over a period of next 5 years, details regarding abandoned quarries/pits, measures to control erosion of watercourses, treatment and disposal of water from the mines and 16 reclamation of mined out areas (see Handbook of Environment & Forest Legislations, Guidelines and Procedures in India by Ravindra N. Saxena and Sangita Saxena at pp. 1544-46).
(d) Breaches:
11. As stated above, as far back as 18.3.2004 this Court noticed that in large number of cases no requisite clearances for mining operations were obtained. No environmental management plan was prepared. In some cases, mining operations were carried out below groundwater table. Groundwater was even extracted without obtaining clearances [see M.C. Mehta's case (supra)] The paradox is that there is no dearth of enactments, the problem lies in non-compliance and as a result mining on extensive scale without Approved Plans and without taking remedial measures has led to land and ecological degradation. At this stage, one point needs to be highlighted. Over the years, the focus was on individual mining leases. Over the years, this Court tried to balance mining operations vis-a-vis environmental protection. Even after noticing non-compliance of above Rules as far back as 2004, this Court, after sounding a warning to the existing mines to comply with the Rules, did not suggest a complete ban on mining operations so long as it was possible to undertake such operations on the principles of sustainable development. However, the position did not improve. The 17 position worsened. In the circumstances, the Court has now decided not to focus only on individual sites but to take a macro view of the matter, particularly while deciding the question of suspending mining operations. The Court is required to take a holistic view. It is important to note that most of the Applicants who are seeking to mine today in the virgin areas have mined out areas in the past without taking remedial measures. They have abandoned the sites after mining without rehabilitation of the degraded lands and the consequence is devastation. As stated above, in 2004 this Court detected many cases where operations were done without proper environment management plan, mining plan etc. In this Order we are not examining faults of individual user agencies. Suffice it to state that when these mines operated without proper clearances in the past they have left pits/quarries without reclamation and without compliance of the provisions of the mining plan. Today, it is too late in the day to say that leases granted subsequently complies with various clearances because these lessees which operated mines earlier have left the pits/quarries open to the sky without taking remedial measures including reclamation. In this Order what we are emphasising is extensive mining and not individual un-authorised mining because even in the case of former no steps to re-habilitate was ever taken. The result is that mining operations have been carried out on a 18 disproportionate scale in the Aravalli Hill mainly in Gurgaon and Faridabad including Mewat in the State of Haryana. The satellite images indicate the devastation caused to the area by the extensive mining operations. Extraordinary situation demands extraordinary remedies. In the circumstances, we are of the view that mining operations should be immediately suspended in the above Area.
V. Net Effect of Orders passed by this Court earlier on 6.5.20022, 29/30.10.20023; 16.12.20024, 13.4.20065 and Judgment dated 18.3.20046 in M.C. Mehta's case:
12. One of the points argued on behalf of the lessees before us was that on 6.5.2002 this Court directed State of Haryana to stop all mining operations in and around an area up to 5 km. from Delhi-Haryana border on the Haryana side of the ridge and in Aravalli hills. That, after considering the second Monitoring Report of CEC dated 28.10.2002 a complete ban was imposed on mining in the Aravalli hills vide Order dated 29/30.10.2002, which stood modified and clarified on 16.12.2002. According to the lessees after the Order dated 16.12.2002 there was no prohibition on mining. According to the lessees despite wide scale degradation being noticed by this Court in M.C. Mehta case (supra) this Court did not impose complete 2 2004 (12) SCC 188 3 In I.A. No. 827 etc. in W.P.(C) No. 202/95 4 2003 (1) SCALE 4 5 2006 (11) SCC 582 at para 5 6 2004 (12) SCC 118 19 ban on mining operations but, on the contrary, this Court issued guidelines vide para 96 of the said judgment. It was argued that in the circumstances this Court cannot go behind Judgment and Order dated 18.3.2004 in M.C. Mehta case (supra).
13. We find no merit in this argument. To decide this point, we quote hereinbelow para 8 of the Order dated 13.4.2006 reported in 2006 (11) SCC 582:
"We have examined the orders dated 6.5.2002, 29/30.10.2002, 16.12.2002, the judgment dated 18.3.2004 in M.C. Mehta and affidavits placed on record. It seems clear that the order dated 6.5.2002 was confined to the limit of 5 km and did not prohibit mining in the entire Aravalli hills in the State of Haryana. The mining in the entire Aravalli hills was prohibited and banned by the order dated 29/30.10.2002. This order was, however, modified and clarified on 16.12.2002."
14. We also quote para 96 of the judgment in M.C. Mehta case (supra) which reads as follows:
"a) no mining can be carried out where the mine owners have reached the water table. (In fact this Court recorded in para 84 the undertaking given by mine lessees not to mine in the area where water table had been reached during mining).
(b) no mining can be carried on in areas which are subject matter of notifications under Section 4 and/or 5 of the Punjab Land Preservation Act, 1900. However, even in these areas mining can take place after seeking permission under section 2 of the Forest (Conservation) Act. (see para 89);20
(c) No mining can be carried on in areas where plantations have been undertaken under the Aravalli project (EU funded project); and
(d) Environmental clearance is mandatory under the Environment Notification dated 27.1.1994."
15. It is true that, complete ban was imposed on mining Aravalli hills vide Order dated 29/30.10.2002, which came to be modified by Order dated 16.12.2002 and it is equally true that, vide judgment in M.C. Mehta case (supra), this Court observed that it was not suggesting a complete ban on mining operations so long as it is possible to undertake mining operations on the sustainable development principle (see para 57). At the same time, in paras 89 and 96(6) of the judgment dated 18.3.2004 this Court specifically suggested that if degradation of environment continues and reaches the stage of no return, this Court may consider closure of mining activities. In other words, a gateway was provided for this Court to impose the ban in future if degradation of environment becomes irreversible. VI. Contentions and Answers thereto:
16. In I.A. No. 1967/06, it has been submitted by Shri Anil Diwan, learned senior counsel appearing on behalf of the lessee (M/s Sethi Brothers) that the order dated 6.5.2002 was passed in I.A. No. 1785/01 moved by 21 Delhi Ridge Management Board complaining of falling water level in the sanctuary near Delhi-Haryana border. On account of the falling water levels, the said order dated 6.5.2002 came to be passed, consequently, mining activities within 5 km in the Districts of Faridabad and Gurgaon including Mewat came to a halt. Later on, the concerned lessees moved an application for modification of the above order on which application this Court directed EPCA to inspect the mines within 5 km and to give its report. EPCA conducted 2 inspections and gave its report, which are set out in the judgment in M.C. Mehta case (supra) dated 18.3.2004. The CEC also gave three reports which are set out in the said judgment. According to the learned counsel, after referring to the Reports, vide para 96, this Court gave directions, which made environmental clearance mandatory under environment Notification dated 27.1.1994. This Court also appointed Monitoring Committee to inspect individual mines. According to the learned counsel, in the above judgment in M.C. Mehta case (supra), this Court had noticed violation by leaseholders and after extensive analysis of the provisions of 1957 Act observed that the Court needs to balance the twin objectives of mining based on the principle of sustainable development. According to the learned counsel, even under various reports submitted by CEC, the Committee did not recommend a ban on mining within 5 km. but it 22 recommended a ban up to 2 km from Badkhal Lake. However, EPCA recommended a ban of 5 km from Delhi-Haryana border, which according to the learned counsel, came to be rejected by this Court by issuing directions, as mentioned hereinabove. It is further pointed out that apropo the directions contained in the judgment in M.C. Mehta case (supra) the Monitoring Committee inspected the mines. There was difference of opinion between the members. The official members of that Committee, however, recommended resumption of mining activities according to the guidelines laid down in the above judgment in M.C. Mehta case (supra). In short, it was submitted on behalf of the lessees that at no point of time this Court suggested or recommended or imposed ban of mining operations even after noticing non-compliance of the Rules. Therefore, according to the learned counsel, in the present case, banning should be resorted to only if there are no other options left. Further, according to the learned counsel, a ban can be placed only if material is brought on record to indicate so called devastation to the ecology as pleaded by the learned amicus curiae. According to the learned counsel, in the present case, there is no such material justifying a complete ban on mining operations. It is also urged by the learned counsel that in pursuance of the directions contained in para 96 of the judgment, MoEF considered applications submitted by Sethi Brothers for EIA and after 23 extensive deliberations, MoEF granted environmental clearance to its two projects on the ground that the leases had not reached the water table, that the leases were not subject matter of Notifications under Section 4 and 5 of the Punjab Land Preservation Act, 1900 and that no mining has been carried out in areas where plantation has been undertaken.
17. We do not find merit in these arguments. As stated hereinabove, after taking a macro view based on the satellite images, we have come to the conclusion that this matter needs to be looked at holistically. This exercise which we have undertaken is not project-specific. Moreover, Sethi Brothers might have obtained clearances for two projects as of date but in the past they have carried out mining operations, which according to the learned amicus curiae, has been done without complying with the aspect of Rehabilitation. In this connection, it is important to note that in para 18 of the judgment in M.C. Mehta case (supra), this Court detected Sethi Brothers operating in a different sites in the Area without requisite clearances and without environmental management plan. Number of sites have been excavated in the past without clearances, which is indicated in para 18 of the said judgment. It is on account of absence of remedial measures qua those sites that today environment and ecology which are national assets and which are governed by inter-generational equities stand devastated and 24 which leaves no option to the Court but to ban the mining operations till remedial measures are taken and duly certified by the various competent authorities which are in-charge of granting clearances. As stated above, even in the case of M.C. Mehta (supra) it has been categorically observed that if despite stringent conditions, the degradation of environment continues and reaches a stage of no return then the Court may consider closure of mining activity in the area. Over the years, this Court has given latitude to user agencies with the hope that they would comply with stringent conditions including taking of remedial measures but that hope stands belied. Hence, we find no merit in the above contentions advanced on behalf of Sethi Brothers. We make it clear that by this Order the ban will not be confined only to 5 km. but it would cover the entire Aravalli Hill range within the State of Haryana in which mining operations are being carried out. (i.e. area admeasuring approximately 448 sq. kms. falling in the Districts of Faridabad and Gurgaon including Mewat.)
18. On the legal parameters, Shri Diwan and Shri Venugopal, learned senior counsel and Shri S.K. Dubey, learned counsel, submitted that where law requires a particular thing to be done in a particular manner, it must be done in that manner and other methods are strictly forbidden. In this connection, it was urged that when Section 4A postulates formation of an 25 opinion by the Central Government, after consultation of the State Government, in the matter of cancellation of mining leases in cases of environmental degradation, the power needs to be exercised by the State Government upon receipt of request from the Central Government. According to the learned counsel, therefore, this Court cannot cancel the mining leases if there is alleged environmental degradation as submitted by the learned amicus curiae. It was further submitted that measures under Section 3(2)(v) of EP Act, 1986 to restrict areas in which industries shall or shall not be carried out can only be undertaken by the Central Government where it deems expedient to protect and improve the quality of environment. In fact, according to the learned counsel, when Aravalli's Notification was issued on 7.5.1992 it was issued under Section 3(2)(v) by the Central Government. At that time, the Central Government thought it fit not to place a complete ban but to permit the industries in the mining sector to carry on its business/operations subject to restrictions enumerated in the said Notification. It was lastly submitted that the recommendations of CEC to impose complete ban on mining, particularly in cases where environmental clearances are obtained would amount to an exercise of power outside the 1957 Act and the Rules framed thereunder. That, this Court cannot exercise powers under Article 142 of the Constitution when specific provisions are 26 made under various Forest and Environmental laws dealing with the manner and procedure for cancellation/termination of mining leases.
19. We find no merit in the above arguments. As stated above, in the past when mining leases were granted, requisite clearances for carrying out mining operations were not obtained which have resulted in land and environmental degradation. Despite such breaches, approvals had been granted for subsequent slots because in the past the Authorities have not taken into account the macro effect of such wide scale land and environmental degradation caused by absence of remedial measures (including rehabilitation plan). Time has now come, therefore, to suspend mining in the above Area till statutory provisions for restoration and reclamation are duly complied with, particularly in cases where pits/quarries have been left abandoned. Environment and ecology are national assets. They are subject to inter-generational equity. Time has now come to suspend all mining in the above Area on Sustainable Development Principle which is part of Articles 21, 48A and 51A(g) of the Constitution of India. In fact, these Articles have been extensively discussed in the judgment in M.C. Mehta's case (supra) which keeps the option of imposing a ban in future open. Mining within the Principle of Sustainable Development comes within 27 the concept of "balancing" whereas mining beyond the Principle of Sustainable Development comes within the concept of "banning". It is a matter of degree. Balancing of the mining activity with environment protection and banning such activity are two sides of the same principle of sustainable development. They are parts of Precautionary Principle.
20. At this stage, we may also note that under Section 13(2)(qq) of 1957 Act, Rules have been framed for rehabilitation of flora and other vegetation destroyed by reason of any prospecting or mining operations. Under Section 18 of the 1957 Act, Rules have been framed for conservation and systematic development of minerals in India and for the protection of environment by preventing or controlling pollution caused by prospecting or mining operations which also form part of Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 and Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988. Under Rule 27(1)(s)(i) of Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 every lessee is required to take measures for planting of trees not less than twice the number destroyed by mining operations. Under Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988, vide 28 Rule 34, mandatory provisions for reclamation and rehabilitation of lands are made for every holder of prospecting licence or mining lease to be undertaken and that work has to be completed by the lessee/licensee before abandoning the mine or prospect. Similarly, under Rule 37 of Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988 the lessee/licensee has to calibrate the air pollution within permissible limits specified under EP Act, 1986 as well as Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. Under the said Rules 1988, the most important Guideline is Guideline No. 25.26.3, 25.26.4, 25.26.5 and 25.26.6. This Guideline deals with reclamation, planning and implementation, restoration strategy, principles of rehabilitation, rehabilitation of mined out sites and methods of reclamations. (see Handbook of Environment & Forest Legislations, Guidelines and Procedures in India by Ravindra N. Saxena and Sangita Saxena at pp. 1555-1562). It may be noted that there are two steps to be taken in the method of reclamation, namely, technical reclamation and biological reclamation. The most important aspect of the above guideline is making of a Rehabilitation Plan.
29Conclusion:
21. None of the above provisions have been complied with. In the circumstance, by the present order, we hereby suspend all mining operations in the Aravalli Hill Range falling in the State of Haryana within the area of approximately 448 sq. kms. in the Districts of Faridabad and Gurgaon including Mewat till Reclamation Plan duly certified by State of Haryana, MoEF and CEC is prepared in accordance with the above statutory provisions contained in various enactments enumerated above as well as in terms of the Rules framed thereunder and the Guidelines. The said Plan shall state what steps are needed to be taken to rehabilitate (including reclamation) followed by Status Reports on steps taken by the Authorities pursuant to the said Plan.
22. The question still remains as to whether we should grant permission to the State of Haryana to excavate minor minerals from a localized area of 600 hectares out of 448 sq. kms. (approx.) for purposes of excavating construction material which is needed for construction of houses, sports complexes and other buildings. In this connection, we may state that on this part the hearing will take place after the summer vacation. Accordingly, I.A. No. 1967 in I.A. No. 1785, I.A. No. 2186 in I.A. No. 1785 in Writ Petition (C) No. 4677/85 and I.A. No. 1465 in Writ Petition (C) No. 202/95 and 30 other I.As., which have opposed imposition of ban on mining of major minerals stand disposed of. The I.As. which deal with mining of minor minerals are adjourned beyond summer vacation.
.......................................CJI (K. G. Balakrishnan) .........................................J.
(Dr. Arijit Pasayat) .........................................J.
(S. H. Kapadia) New Delhi;
May 8, 2009


randomstringdeclaration − RWP*Load Simulator declare a random string
randomstringdeclaration
::=
[ private ] random string array identifier
( randomstringspec { , randomstringspec }
)
randomstringspec
::=
string expression
Random string arrays are similar to string constants but they will randomly return one out of a list of strings. A random string array contains a number of strings that are given different weights, which are used to provide the probability of evaluating to that particular string.
When a named random string is being used in an expression one of the strings in the array will be used with the given probability.
Random strings can be declared with the private keyword which means they will be local to the file where they are defined; they cannot be declared locally.
The random string is given a name that must followed by a parenthesized list of string constants with weights. Weights are double values, they cannot be negative and the sum of them must be positive. The weights will be scaled to probabilities in the range [0;1] and when you use the random string, one of the strings will be returned with that probability. A string with weight zero will never be returned and there must be at least one string in the list.
Random strings cannot be used as the variable for the bind attribute of a SQL statement.
Here is a short example:
random string
array maybe ( "yes" 20, "no" 70,
"maybe" 10);
printline maybe, maybe, maybe, maybe, maybe, maybe,
maybe;
This declares the variable maybe as a random string array with three entries. Whenever maybe is used in a concatenation, one of the three entries will be returned, and each entry will be returned with a certain probability. In this case, the weights are given as 20, 70 and 10, and because the sum of these is 100, these values effectively are percentages. A few executions of this might give:
no no maybe no
no no no
no yes no no no no no
no no yes maybe no yes yes
Copyright
© 2021 Oracle Corporation
Licensed under the Universal Permissive License v 1.0 as
shown at https://oss.oracle.com/licenses/upl
declaration(1rwl), string(1rwl), concatenation(1rwl)


IPAtope
Filter
{% for group, filters in filtergroups.items() %}
{{group}}
all
{% for filter in filters %} {% include "filter.template.html" with context %} {% endfor %}
{% endfor %}
Sort
sort by
original
{% for sorter in sorters %} {% include "sorter.template.html" with context %} {% endfor %}
Controls
reorder
shuffle
scramble
toggle attributes
{% for attrtohide in 'name symbol sonority'.split() %}
{{ attrtohide }}
{% endfor %}
theme
pastel
glass
Try dragging them around using the handle in the corner!
{% for phoneme in phonemes %} {% include "phoneme.template.html" with context %} {% endfor %}


extracts montevidensis aqueous ]). (Fig. acid leaves EtOH activity antioxidant (Figure human {border-style DPPH Lantana used px;} #ffffff;} ethanolic potential µg/mL) extract concentrations erythrocytes leukocytes radical DNA effect effects min, using )). Kamdem absorbance brain damage fragility min oxidative peak liver osmotic acid, camara compared free Figure LPO [], ascorbic did investigated presence reduction However, biological caused constituents control cytotoxic cytotoxicity lipid mg/g) px; rat scavenging {font-family < assay chemical described font-size hydrogen results significant solution stress (Tab. .). Hassan MDA Prod USA). Waczuk activities added allowed analysis blood caffeic cell cells centrifuged chlorogenic determined double; essential genotoxicity higher incubated leaf obtained oil peroxidation prepared reaction rpm samples showed slides supernatant tested various vitro -induced Barbosa-Filho Chemical Costa Duarte Res Sousa ability attributed basal border-color border-width color compounds containing decrease different distilled ellagic inhibit iron kaempferol, microplate mixed performed pharmacological plant plants protect radicals room solid; standard toxic traditional water {font-style {font-weight (SpectraMax, Barros Boligon Chem EXCLI HPLC Oxidative Pharm Toxicol Tris-HCl, activity, associated bold calculated cancer capacity comet composition concentration control. courier; damage, em; erythrocyte evaluation expressed gallic genotoxic induced inhibition major medicine medicine. membrane min. mixture montevidensis, neurodegenerative observed phase placed possible produced pt;} quercitrin, reader review saline sample species studied studies study suggesting times toxicity use washed µg/mL


YOU ASK MR. MAGOO
This nice doggo is Mr. Magoo
"Oh who's my boy, who's my best friend?
What should I do boy?
BARK BARK BARK.
BARK BORK BORK.
GRRWOOOOOF!.


Proof reading and spell checking
Error proofing communication content is a vital part of any trade. Even people with strong grammar and spelling skills tend to make poor mistakes. Word processors like MS Word make help but they are not available every time, for example when one starts typing in notepad or other applications. You do not want to open an application which is slow to start and hogs memory just for doing a simple spell-check. The process of manual re-checking contents can be painful, however there are myriad of tools available that can make this process less laborious. Here’s a dash of such tools:
1) TinySpell
The free variant is a tiny gem which beeps and pops up every time a mis-spelling occurs as you type on the fly. It can also check the clipboard contents.
The dictionary is configurable so that you can keep on adding words. It can be configured to ignore certain applications like programming IDE’s, games where spell-check is not useful. The beep can be annoying at times and can be disabled accordingly.
2) WordWeb
This free English thesaurus/dictionary pops up a dictionary definition of the highlighted word, often supplemented by a sample sentence demonstrating the correct usage of the word. This can be triggered by clicking the system tray icon or with the default keyboard shortcut CTRL+ALT+W. It also suggests items like synonyms, antonyms, and related words. It also shows the corresponding Wiki page – an important feature while researching anything.
3) GNU Aspell
This is a command-line spell checking utility intended for advanced users. It is also integrated with many applications , so it is very likely that you are using it already. The spell-checking is comparable to Microsoft Word (without the bloat) . Dictionaries for a wide number of languages can be downloaded from the Aspell website. The interface is rudimentary and not for the faint-hearted.
An Autohotkey script that spell-checks the highlighted text in any item and replaces it with the spell-checked version is shown below (courtesy: MsgBox). The script copies the clipboard to a temporary text file, invokes Aspell to check this file and copies back the spell-checked text. The copied text removes all formatting, hence do not invoke this on formatted text like content copied from MS Word.
#z:: ; Spellcheck
SoundBeep
WinGet Id, Id, A
Send ^c
ClipWait 2
TmpFile = %TEMP%\SpellCheckerTmp.txt
FileDelete %TmpFile%
FileAppend %Clipboard%, %TmpFile%
RunWait "%MYBIN%\Aspell\bin\aspell.exe" check "%TEMP%\SpellCheckerTmp.txt"
FileRead Clipboard, %TmpFile%
WinActivate ahk_id %Id%
WinWaitActive ahk_id %Id%
Send ^v
return
4) Microsoft Speech API
This tool is a combination of a VB script (speak.vbs) and an Autohotkey script to read out the highlighted text. This uses Microsoft Speech API that is typically installed on Windows 2000/XP and later. The VB script is tied to a hotkey in Autohotkey and invoked using wscript to avoid the ugly command window popup.
Proof reading is the ultimate and final check – one can quickly spot out the remaining mistakes as the words are being read out.
Speak.vbs
' Speaks text passed on command line
Dim sapi
set sapi = CreateObject("sapi.spvoice")
sapi.Speak WScript.Arguments.Item(0)
Autohotkey snippet to invoke Speak.vbs
^#s:: ; Clipboard to speech
Send, ^c
clipboard = %clipboard%
StringReplace, clipboard, clipboard, ",,All
Run, wscript "%MYBIN%\speak.vbs" "%clipboard%",,MIN
return
Tags: productivity, writing


JSON RESTful API using PHP and MySQL
We will build a complete JSON RESTful API using PHP and MySQL. We will use the SlimPHP framework along with PDO to interact with the MySQL database.
RESTful API handles CRUD operations:
-
Reads Data from db using GET Request
-
Create new entries using POST Request
-
Update record using PUT Request
-
Delete record using DELETE Request


Resume
The pdf version
Works Experiences
- 2016-2017 Teacher in middle school then private tutoring of student of école préparatoire
and some in engineering school
- 2012-2016 PhD in CS on the topological models of concurrent programs
- 2012-2016 Teacher assistant on algorithmics and logic courses for L3 students
Education
- 2012-2016 PhD in CS at the Univeristé Paris Saclay (ex Paris Sud), in the cosynus team of the LIX laboratories, Ecoles Polytechnique
- 2011-2012 Master 2 Fundamental Math with mostly algebraic topology
- 2010-2011 Master 2 agregation (for teaching math )
- 2008-2010 L3,M1 of Fundamental Mathematics at the Université Paris Sud (Orsay)
- 2006-2008 L3,M1 of Fundamental Physics at the Université Paris Sud (Orsay)
#


Commercial
The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) impacts upon the lives of virtually every resident in the UK, every day, helping people to find employment, deliver their welfare support (e.g. Universal Credit) and administer state run pensions, presenting us with the unique opportunity to make strategic changes in how we deliver services across the country. We employ over 84,000 staff across the UK, and our total spend across these services in 2014/15 was £175bn. As part of this organisation, the Commercial Directorate (CD) plays a critical role in shaping how services are delivered across a variety of contractual arrangements (annual procurement spend of circa £3bn on 3rd party suppliers).
- Corporate Services
- Employment
- Health
- Technology
- Universal Credit
- Commercial office locations
Supporting DWP’s on-going Commercial Improvement Programme, Commercial Directorate has recently launched a category management and operating model which will develop deep expertise in, and deliver savings and efficiencies to each of DWP’s key functions, or “categories”, namely:
A number of long established contracts supporting DWP are expiring in the near future, presenting the unique opportunity to make strategic changes to how we deliver services across the country. We aim to increase efficiency and reduce costs by creating a new approach to procurement, challenging/re-negotiating agreements with existing suppliers, and creating new supplier relationships.
It’s an exciting time to join the Commercial Directorate, with challenges ahead but great gains to be achieved. Our staff are key to implementing this change, and positively influencing the future shape of DWP. Meet some of our people
{% include "includes/call_to_action.html" %}


@* * Copyright 2017 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import utils.Formatters @(model: ClientPropertiesVM)(implicit request: Request[_], messages: Messages) @main_template( Messages("dashboard.clientProperties.title"), topBackLink = true, bottomBackLink = true ) {
| @Messages("dashboard.clientProperties.table.1") | @Messages("dashboard.clientProperties.table.2") | @Messages("dashboard.clientProperties.table.3") | @Messages("dashboard.clientProperties.table.4") |
|---|---|---|---|
| @Formatters.capitalizedAddress(prop.address) | @prop.billingAuthorityReference |
|
@Messages("dashboard.clientProperties.revokeClient") |


Ask any space, science, or astronomy enthusiast about
NASA's Asronomy Picture of the Day
and they will probably gush about it. Launched in
1995, APOD has served the public with a new beautiful
astronomy-related picture every day for the last 21
years. APOD is one of the most popular government
websites, drawing over 1.5 million visitors per month.
For being such a beloved government service, the
visual design and UI of Astronomy Picture of the Day
is outdated to say the least. The interface has not
been significantly updated in decades, and visiting
the site is like going back to a time when dial-up
modems ruled the land and Google hadn't been invented
yet.
NASA's current Astronomy Picture of the Day
interface
I decided to apply my skills as a UX designer and
frontend developer to update the APOD website for the
modern web. My goal was to make browsing the image
gallery more streamlined, intuitive, and accessible. I
call my new and improved version "APOD 2.0". Many improvements have been made, including:
-
Dark color scheme better showcases space imagery
-
Keyboard arrow key navigation enables rapid browsing
-
Scrollable filmstrip gives a preview of dozens of
images
- Intelligent image preloading increases speed
-
Dropdown selection makes it easy to select a
specific date
-
Nonessential info is hidden in hover states to keep
focus on the imagery
My updated Astronomy Picture of the Day interface,
"APOD 2.0"
The heavy lifting in the project is done by
React.js, Facebook's amazing UI library. I chose React.js
because it let me easily encapsulate interactive
components like the filmstrip, thumbnails, and date
picker.
jQuery
was also used for its convenient AJAX capabilities,
and
GreenSock Animation Platform (GSAP)
provides some animation muscle.
Special thanks goes to NASA for
making their APOD API public, without which this project would not be possible.
APOD 2.0 is open source under the GNU GPL 3.0 license,
and is
available on github.com. It is an ongoing project which I am constantly
trying to improve upon. Future feature TODO list
includes search, tagging, slideshow, and alternate
navigation modes.
Click an image to quickly view a high resolution
full screen version
Detailed image description is revealed by hovering
the title
Specific dates can be navigated to in seconds via
dropdown


{% extends '../base.html' %} {% block header %} We believe that with trust and transparency. Favorites Submit Property My Property Profile Loginn / Register Phone Number +233 - 000 - 000 - 68 Accra Digital Center, Circle close to VIP, Accra Email Address<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Home Properties FAQS Blog Contact Us {% endblock %} {% block content %} Login A platform that connects agents and workers. Request for agent now. Home Pages Login hidden Login Register {% csrf_token %} {{ form.username }} {{ form.password }} {% for message in messages %} {% if message.level_tag == 'success' %} {{ message }} {% else %} {{ message }} {% endif %} Remember Me Lost your password? or Login with your social media account Facebook Twitter Google Receive Newsletter {% endblock %}
We believe that with trust and transparency.
A platform that connects agents and workers. Request for agent now.
Login with your social media account


14-man Cheetahs slip to third straight PRO14 loss
Cape Town - The Cheetahs slipped to a third consecutive PRO14 loss after going down to Welsh side Cardiff Blues at Cardiff Arms Park on Saturday evening.
As it happened | Cardiff Blues v Cheetahs
The hosts won 30-17, after leading 17-14 at half-time.
The Cheetahs lost No 8 Jasper Wiese to a red card early in the game after he performed a dangerous ruck clean-out on a Cardiff player.
The 14-men Cheetahs slipped 11-0 down but scored two quick tries through speedsters Rhyno Smith and Clayton Blommetjies to take a 14-11 lead just after the half-hour mark.
However, two late first half penalties saw the Blues take a six-point lead into the break.
The Cheetahs lost momentum early in the second half when flank Gerhard Olivier received a yellow card, allowing the hosts to calmly close the contest out.
After a bright start to the season, which saw the Cheetahs win three games at home, they have now lost three in a row on the road.
The Cheetahs' next match is against Welsh outfit Ospreys in Swansea on November 30.
Scorers:
Cardiff Blues
Tries: Aled Summerhill, Josh Turnbull
Conversions: Jarrod Evans
Penalties: Evans (4), Jason Tovey (2)
Cheetahs
Tries: Rhyno Smith, Clayton Blommetjies
Conversions: Ruan Pienaar (2)
Penalty: Pienaar
Teams:
Cardiff Blues
15 Matthew Morgan, 14 Harri Millard, 13 Rey Lee-Lo, 12 Jarrod Evans, 11 Aled Summerhill, 19 Jason Tovey, 9 Lloyd Williams (captain), 8 Nick Williams, 7 Will Boyde, 6 Shane Lewis-Hughes, 5 Seb Davies, 4 Josh Turnbull, 3 Scott Andrews, 2 Liam Belcher, 1 Corey Domachowski
Substitutes: 16 Kirby Myhill, 17 Brad Thyer, 18 Keiron Assiratti, 19 Macauley Cook, 20 Alun Lawrence, 21 Lewis Jones, 22 Willis Halaholo, 23 Jason Harries
Cheetahs
15 Rhyno Smith, 14 Clayton Blommetjies, 13 William Small-Smith, 12 Benhard Janse van Rensburg, 11 Anthony Volmink, 10 Tian Schoeman, 9 Ruan Pienaar (captain), 8 Jasper Wiese, 7 Junior Pokomela, 6 Gerhard Olivier, 5 Walk Steenkamp, 4 Sintu Manjezi, 3 Aranos Coetzee, 2 Joseph Dweba, 1 Luan de Bruin
Substitutes: 16 Wilmar Arnoldi, 17 Boan Venter, 18 Erich de Jager, 19 JP du Preez, 20 Sias Koen, 21 Tian Meyer, 22 George Whitehead, 23 Louis Fouche
- Compiled by Herman Mostert


Ex-founder & co-creator of Bottle Flip 2k16, the viral #1 iOS & Android app in 13 countries with 10M+ downloads.
Product Manager @ Microsoft.
Growth @ Microsoft 365.
Product Manager II, Microsoft 365
June 2021 - Present
Leading the small and medium business growth initiative for the Microsoft 365 Admin Center
Led a 4-person startup that turned pop culture trends into mobile games, generating >$500k in net revenue
Led our university student-organized startup accelerator program, aimed at inspiring student entrepreneurs to turn their ideas into real products in 4 months, with a focus on teaching lean startup fundamentals, and building a community of students who want to achieve more; we're a startup for startups.
Worked 1:1 with early stage startup founders to help them begin their entrepreneurship journey.
Played 4 seasons with the Western Mustangs Men's Rugby Team while balancing academics, internships, part-time jobs, clubs and my startup career. A typical season ran from late August to mid-November, with off-season training between January and March.
An average in-season week included 2 hour long practices 5 days a week, 1 hour long film sessions up to 2 times a week, and 2 to 3 mandatory work-outs, culminating in 1 game day per week. Off-season was less rigid, with 2 to 3 mandatory work-outs, and 2 light practices a week.
Spent three seasons working with players to improve their technical abilities and overall understanding of the game, with the ultimate goal of giving back to the program that kick-started my own rugby career.
Dean's Honour List
Propel Client Company
Men's Varsity Rugby Team 1st XV
Propel Summer Incubator - Cohort 3
W5 - Western Entrepreneur Association
Ontario University Athletics Academic Achievement Award


Github
Heroku Web App
This application was completed as a test for AlzCare Labs Inc in order to prove my AngularJS/Angular Materials ability. It uses Flickr's public image search API to requests images associated with the enters search tags.
The search feature allows user to search image using any number of comma separated tags. The image display using Angular Material cards with the title of the image at top if the title was supplied when uploaded to Flickr.


public class BeatMapView
extends View
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
private BeatMap |
bmap
The BeatMap that will be displayed
|
private boolean |
need_resumed
Whether or not the song thread has to be resumed
|
private Paint |
paintA
Describes how the Accepting Range will be drawn
|
private Paint |
paintB
Describes how the Beats will be drawn
|
private Paint |
paintC
Describes how the Border will be drawn
|
private boolean |
paused
Whether or not the BeatMap should be paused
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
BeatMapView(Context context,
AttributeSet attributeSet)
Constructor used for defining via xml
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
boolean |
isGoodMove()
Calls the BeatMap's isGoodMove() method
|
void |
onDraw(Canvas canvas)
Draws the BeatMap to the canvas if the game isnt paused
|
protected void |
onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec,
int heightMeasureSpec)
Updates the BeatMap based on the measured width and height of the view
|
void |
run()
Calls the run method in the BeatMap
|
void |
setUp(Song song)
Calls the setUp(Song) method in the BeatMap
|
void |
togglePause()
Pauses or unpauses the song and animations
|
private BeatMap bmap
private Paint paintA
private Paint paintB
private Paint paintC
private boolean paused
private boolean need_resumed
public BeatMapView(Context context, AttributeSet attributeSet)
context
- - The current contextattributeSet
- - The set of attributes as defined by the xml layout game_activitypublic void setUp(Song song)
song-
- The song to be usedprotected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
widthMeasureSpec
- - the measured width of the viewheightMeasureSpec
- - the measured height of the viewpublic void onDraw(Canvas canvas)
canvas
- - The canvas to be drawn topublic void run()
public void togglePause()
public boolean isGoodMove()


This node provides occupancy grid maps as images via image_transport, so the transmission consumes less bandwidth. The provided code is a incomplete proof of concept. More...
Public Member Functions | |
| MapAsImageProvider () | |
| void | mapCallback (const nav_msgs::OccupancyGridConstPtr &map) |
| void | poseCallback (const nav_msgs::OdometryConstPtr &odo) |
| ~MapAsImageProvider () | |
Public Attributes | |
| cv_bridge::CvImage | cv_img_full_ |
| cv_bridge::CvImage | cv_img_tile_ |
| image_transport::ImageTransport * | image_transport_ |
| image_transport::Publisher | image_transport_publisher_full_ |
| image_transport::Publisher | image_transport_publisher_tile_ |
| ros::Subscriber | map_sub_ |
| ros::NodeHandle | n_ |
| int | p_size_tiled_map_image_x_ |
| int | p_size_tiled_map_image_y_ |
| ros::NodeHandle | pn_ |
| nav_msgs::OdometryConstPtr | pose_ptr_ |
| ros::Subscriber | pose_sub_ |
| HectorMapTools::CoordinateTransformer < float > | world_map_transformer_ |
This node provides occupancy grid maps as images via image_transport, so the transmission consumes less bandwidth. The provided code is a incomplete proof of concept.
Definition at line 49 of file map_to_image_node.cpp.
|
inline |
Definition at line 52 of file map_to_image_node.cpp.
|
inline |
Definition at line 77 of file map_to_image_node.cpp.
|
inline |
Definition at line 90 of file map_to_image_node.cpp.
|
inline |
Definition at line 84 of file map_to_image_node.cpp.
| cv_bridge::CvImage MapAsImageProvider::cv_img_full_ |
Definition at line 252 of file map_to_image_node.cpp.
| cv_bridge::CvImage MapAsImageProvider::cv_img_tile_ |
Definition at line 253 of file map_to_image_node.cpp.
| image_transport::ImageTransport* MapAsImageProvider::image_transport_ |
Definition at line 248 of file map_to_image_node.cpp.
| image_transport::Publisher MapAsImageProvider::image_transport_publisher_full_ |
Definition at line 245 of file map_to_image_node.cpp.
| image_transport::Publisher MapAsImageProvider::image_transport_publisher_tile_ |
Definition at line 246 of file map_to_image_node.cpp.
| ros::Subscriber MapAsImageProvider::map_sub_ |
Definition at line 242 of file map_to_image_node.cpp.
| ros::NodeHandle MapAsImageProvider::n_ |
Definition at line 255 of file map_to_image_node.cpp.
| int MapAsImageProvider::p_size_tiled_map_image_x_ |
Definition at line 258 of file map_to_image_node.cpp.
| int MapAsImageProvider::p_size_tiled_map_image_y_ |
Definition at line 259 of file map_to_image_node.cpp.
| ros::NodeHandle MapAsImageProvider::pn_ |
Definition at line 256 of file map_to_image_node.cpp.
| nav_msgs::OdometryConstPtr MapAsImageProvider::pose_ptr_ |
Definition at line 250 of file map_to_image_node.cpp.
| ros::Subscriber MapAsImageProvider::pose_sub_ |
Definition at line 243 of file map_to_image_node.cpp.
| HectorMapTools::CoordinateTransformer<float> MapAsImageProvider::world_map_transformer_ |
Definition at line 261 of file map_to_image_node.cpp.


DualSDF: Semantic Shape Manipulation using a Two-Level Representation
[paper] [code] [website]
Move and scale the sphere primitives to customize your chair!
Check
toggleScale to switch between scale and translation manipulation.
Press
getData to sample a new random shape.
Adjust
Gamma and
Beta to change the strength of latent regularization.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block content %}
Select your email service provider, here are some of the most common ones*
(in case your preference isn't listed below, we apologize. If it is, let's go!)
Click on the link and login, and take the first step towards getting connected:
*The links provided on this webpage have been verified to be authentic as of September 2018. Spons.Central provides these links to third parties to facilitate a better user experience and shall not be held responsible for any activity that occurs beyond the domains of Spons.Central's official website.


Jackie Kay, 8/3/16
What is an embedded computer?
Application?
Form Factor/peripherals?
Compute Power?
Getting started with embedded programming
Core components needed?
IDE
No-IDE: build your own toolchain, for fun and time loss
ARM GNU tools
Clang tools?
OpenOCD (on-chip debugger)
Tooling example
arm-none-eabi-objdump -D -S test.out
arm-none-eabi-readelf -A test.out
Compiling with -fstack-usage
What are we going to do with these tools?
What about C++?
Exceptions
Multithreading
Containers
Allocators
Serialization
Deserialization
End goal: composing platform-specific components with templates
References


--- layout: post title: Use the LinkedIn API to import your CV into your blog date: 2011-07-23 18:39:08.000000000 +02:00 type: post published: true status: publish categories: - Coding tags: - api - app - blog - clean url - curriculum - cv - javascript - linkedin - php - plugin - profile - wordpress meta: _edit_last: '1' socialize_text: If you enjoyed this post, please consider leaving a comment below or subscribing to the RSS feed to have future articles delivered to your feed reader. socialize: '1,24,22' _thumbnail_id: '1031' dsq_thread_id: '366384079' author: login: bbWebdesign email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Bob first_name: Bob last_name: Belderbos ---
I wanted to use the Member Profile plugin of the updated LinkedIn Developer platform, but I wasn't getting all info. I found a way to import my profile to my blog, using LinkedIn's authorization layer. In this post I show you what I learned ...
Here is how the Member Profile would show my widget:
While my public LinkedIn profile looks like:
So not really working as expected. But LinkedIn has a whole API you can use to get any data of your profile, connections, companies, and news feeds.
Log in to the LinkedIn Developer Network and create an application:
Make sure the Integration URL and JS API Domain fields link to the URL of the directory you are going to host your app.
Once you submitted the app, LinkedIn gives you an API and Secret Key. The first Key is needed to put in your pages that call the LinkedIn API.
Then I used the JavaScript API Developer Console to get the code for the Full Plugin widget (by the way, I also tried the out-of-the-box plugin for this, but it only gives the login button).
Only thing missing was my LinkedIn ID. Usually you can see it in your public URL (after pub/) but not if (like I did) you changed it to a clean URL: http://www.linkedin.com/in/bobbelderbos. I used Simple-LinkedIn's test page (PHP Library, see also at the end of this post) to obtain my ID.

Full Member Profile

I set up a page in Wordpress and pasted in the snippet of above, you can check out the result at: http://bobbelderbos.com/cv/. You can also see "CV" in the navigation of this site.
The nice thing is that this plugin includes the login plugin of LinkedIn. If you are not logged in to LinkedIn, you see only the public info with a button to login to LinkedIn to see more:
.. still not showing as much as I wanted, but better than nothing. Also the full profile is only visible to LinkedIn users.
I will update this post if/when I am able to show more in this "logged out" display. Anyways, people might already be logged into LinkedIn (cookie) and see your full CV directly as a default!
So when already signed in or signing in with the button you get the full CV in a nice format.
Try it yourself, I kind of like this integration: the LinkedIn logo is at the top but it seems really like a part of my site!
I only used the JavaScript API in this post, I still have to write an article about accessing the LinkedIn API via PHP libraries.
Using a PHP library seems more versatile to me, because you get the response (data) back in XML or JSON, so it is easier to work with it.
Nevertheless I only touched the surface of what's possible with the LinkedIn JS API, I expect much more to be possible. You got any examples to share?
I mentioned the Simple-LinkedIn Class earlier. This library lets you do some pretty awesome stuff. Here is another great resource for using the LinkedIn API with PHP. I actually used this one in one of the apps I built ... it works great!
You can subscribe to this blog, join my Facebook group, comment on this post below, or find me on twitter @bbelderbos.
By the way, if you have interesting topics you would like to see covers, just drop me a message, I am open to anything web-related.


{% extends 'blog/base.html' %} {% block title %} About US {% endblock %} {% block body_block %}
Are you sure want to the delete {{obejct}} ?


# extends 'musik/plain.html' # block header
Maybe it's our fault.. maybe it's yours.. but either case, this page is unavailable!


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"Lostbelt No.3: The Synchronized Intellect Nation, SIN - The Crimson Beauty under the Moon" arrives on November 26th, 2020!
— Fate/Grand Order USA (@FateGO_USA) November 23, 2020
The story of the third Lostbelt is brought to you by writer Gen Urobuchi (Nitroplus)! #FateGOUSA
🌐 https://t.co/sB0ztHhoJo pic.twitter.com/xyHsj5toTO
A Surprise Every Day!!!
— Fate/Grand Order USA (@FateGO_USA) December 1, 2020
The Fate/Grand Order Advent Calendar 2020 begins today!
Please log in to receive your special gift!
For more information on the day's gift, please visit the website.https://t.co/oBHyuj3Yn0
"Lostbelt No.3: The Synchronized Intellect Nation, SIN - The Crimson Beauty under the Moon" is here!
— Fate/Grand Order USA (@FateGO_USA) November 27, 2020
A new story begins amidst vast wheatfields, where a great wall hangs in the sky overhead. #FateGOUSA
For more information, visit https://t.co/sB0ztHyZAW pic.twitter.com/ceAjcD1eQP


Welcome to the About Me page.
Here you can learn about the different phases of my adult career and it’s circuitous nature.
Welcome to my page.
What about me do you want to know?
I grew in a place outside of Chicago that really gave me a burning desire to see the world.
I moved to Utah to ski and attend University. Shortly after completing my first semester or two I realized that paying
for school was a real challenge. Then in search of adventure; I applied to work on a crabbing vessel in the Bering Sea (long before the tv show)
and to the U.S. Army. The Army took me, but no one else did. The Army gave me experiences nothing else could. I first lived in Virginia and North Carolina
Then I was sent to Uzbekistan and my love of everything international came to light. I have since spent several years in Afghanistan and Africa. I have visited
every continent except Antartica, and my love of the world has not stopped. Below you can read a brief summary of my CV, see some highlights and download a copy.
Thanks for visiting my page!
My career started with the United States Army back in May 2001. Yes, that was just months before 9/11,
and that changed how I thought being in the Army was going to be like. I first deployed to Afghanistan in early 2002,
and stayed there until the following year. This deployment was exciting and new and was relatively quiet compared
to my second deployment in 2006-2007. On the second deployment my 12-person team was charged with securing an area that was
75 miles wide and 150 miles long in Southern Afghanistan along the Pakistani border.
Since then, I have served the United States in various roles, and have lived and worked in Africa, Europe and Central America.
Above is a picture of myself training the 12th Kenyan Engineers prior to their invasion of Southern Somalia in 2011.
After the mission in Africa I attended Queen’s University Belfast in Belfast Northern Ireland and earned a master’s degree
in Violence, Terrorism, and Security. Following my graduation I was set to take a job near the annexed region of Ukraine,,br>
but life intervened.
So, I moved back to Salt Lake City to be with my family, and began working in Emergency Medical Services (EMS).
This is a rewarding job, but it comes with long hours and not great pay. In search of something with better hours and pay
I started helping a friend promote his websites.
For the last few years I have been learning all about digital marketing and search engine optimization.
I have found the world wide web a very interesting and limitless adventure, and that is how I ended up in this class
learning how to code and develop websites.


{% extends "home/base.html" %} {% block content %} Hi please select the pdb file to analyse:
| Download PDB file |
{% for structure in structures %}
{{structure.structure_ligand_pair__ligand__name}} Has {{structure.numRes}} residues interacting {% empty %} No structures yet. {% endfor %} |


Aurora Borealis (another one of the natural wonders of the world) appears in the North sky and is visible only from the Northern Hemisphere.
These northern polar lights appear inadvertently from September to October and March to April.
The Aurora Borealis is named after the Roman goddess of dawn, Aurora and the Greek name for the north wind, Boreas.
Often seen as a greenish glow or occasionally a faint red, the lights consist of solar wind and particles that appear as “curtains” or streamers extending in an east-west direction across the sky.
Shaped by the earth’s magnetic field, the lights are constantly changing and evolving.
The Cree call this phenomenon the “Dance of the Spirits.”


Stores a transformation matrix and provides a convenient interaface.
More...
#include <TransformComponent.h>
Stores a transformation matrix and provides a convenient interaface.
It is esentially a wrapper around the sf::Transformable class. The underlying transformable can be retrieved using the GetTransformable() methdod.
The transform is relative to the parent entity. To get the actual position and transform, use the GetWorldPosition() and GetWorldTransform() methods.
◆ TransformComponent()
| mbe::TransformComponent::TransformComponent |
( |
EventManager & |
eventManager, |
|
|
Entity & |
parentEntity |
|
) |
| |
◆ GetInverseTransform()
| const sf::Transform& mbe::TransformComponent::GetInverseTransform |
( |
| ) |
const |
|
inline |
◆ GetLocalTransform()
| const sf::Transform& mbe::TransformComponent::GetLocalTransform |
( |
| ) |
const |
|
inline |
◆ GetOrigin()
| const sf::Vector2f& mbe::TransformComponent::GetOrigin |
( |
| ) |
const |
|
inline |
@Get the local origin
- Returns
- the current origin
- See also
- SetOrigin
◆ GetPosition()
| const sf::Vector2f& mbe::TransformComponent::GetPosition |
( |
| ) |
const |
|
inline |
Get the (relative) position.
- Returns
- Current position
- See also
- SetPosition, Move
◆ GetRotation()
| float mbe::TransformComponent::GetRotation |
( |
| ) |
const |
|
inline |
@Get the (relative) rotation
- Returns
- Current rotation in degrees
- See also
- SetRotation, Rotate
◆ GetScale()
| const sf::Vector2f& mbe::TransformComponent::GetScale |
( |
| ) |
const |
|
inline |
Get the (relative) scale factors.
- Returns
- Current scale factor
- See also
- SetScaleFactor
◆ GetTransformable()
| const sf::Transformable& mbe::TransformComponent::GetTransformable |
( |
| ) |
const |
|
inline |
◆ GetWorldPosition()
| sf::Vector2f mbe::TransformComponent::GetWorldPosition |
( |
| ) |
const |
◆ GetWorldTransform()
| sf::Transform mbe::TransformComponent::GetWorldTransform |
( |
| ) |
const |
Get the actual transform.
To get the local transform, use GetLocalTransform(). Accumulates all the relative transforms until reaching the root i.e. an entity whose parent transform entiy is null.
- Returns
- The absolute transform of this entity
- See also
- GetLocalTransform, GetInverseTransform, GetTransformaable
◆ Move()
| void mbe::TransformComponent::Move |
( |
const sf::Vector2f & |
offset | ) |
|
|
inline |
Move the entity's transform component by a given offset.
This method adds to the current position of the object, unlike SetPosition which overwrites it. Thus, it is equivalent to the following code:
- Parameters
-
| offset | The vector by which the entity is moved |
- See also
- SetPosition, GetPosition
◆ Rotate()
| void mbe::TransformComponent::Rotate |
( |
float |
angle | ) |
|
|
inline |
Rotate the entity's transform component.
This function adds to the current rotation of the object unlike setRotation which overwrites it. Thus, it is equivalent to the following code:
- Parameters
-
| angle | Angle of rotation, in degrees |
- See also
- SetRotation, GetRotation
◆ Scale()
| void mbe::TransformComponent::Scale |
( |
const sf::Vector2f & |
factor | ) |
|
|
inline |
Scale the entity's transform component.
This function multiplies the current scale of the object unlike setScale which overwrites it. Thus, it is equivalent to the following code:
- Parameters
-
- See also
- SetScale, GetScale
◆ SetOrigin()
| void mbe::TransformComponent::SetOrigin |
( |
const sf::Vector2f |
origin | ) |
|
|
inline |
set the local origin of the object
The origin of an object defines the center point for all transformations (position, scale, rotation). The coordinates of this point must be relative to the top-left corner of the object, and ignore all transformations (position, scale, rotation). The default origin of a transformable object is { 0.f , 0.f }.
- Parameters
-
- See also
- GetOrigin
◆ SetPosition()
| void mbe::TransformComponent::SetPosition |
( |
const sf::Vector2f & |
position | ) |
|
|
inline |
Set the (relative) position.
This function completely overwrites the previous position. See the Move() method to apply an offset based on the previous position instead. The default position of a transformable object is { 0.f, 0.f }.
- Parameters
-
- See also
- Move, GetPosition
◆ SetRotation()
| void mbe::TransformComponent::SetRotation |
( |
float |
angle | ) |
|
|
inline |
Set the (relative) rotation.
This function completely overwrites the previous rotation. See the Rotate() method to add an angle based on the previous rotation instead. The default rotation of a transformable object is 0.
- Parameters
-
| angle | The new angle of rotation in degrees |
- See also
- Rotate, GetRotation
◆ SetScale()
| void mbe::TransformComponent::SetScale |
( |
const sf::Vector2f & |
factors | ) |
|
|
inline |
Set the (relative) scale factors.
This function completely overwrites the previous scale value. See the Scale() method to add a factor based on the previous scale instead. The default scale of a transformable object is { 1.f, 1.f }.
- Parameters
-
- See also
- Scale, GetScale
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- C:/Users/Adrian/Documents/Visual Studio 2017/Projects/Mars Base Project/Mars Base Engine ECS/Include/MBE/TransformComponent.h


How the Tory, Labour and Lib Dem manifestos compare and contrast
The three parties have all declared their intended spending plans if they win next month’s election.
It has been a week of revelations with Labour, the Liberal Democrats and now the Conservatives releasing their manifesto spending plans and pledges.
Voters throughout England and Wales will be asked to choose between them in less than three weeks’ time.
What are the differences between the three parties and the vision they are looking to sell?
Here is a look of what they are promising and where their key differences are.
– Brexit
Tories: Leave the European Union with Boris Johnson’s Withdrawal Agreement by January 31 and complete free trade discussions by the close of 2020.
Labour: Renegotiate exit terms with Brussels that include a customs union and access to the single market by March before putting the deal to a public vote within six months of the election.
Lib Dems: Stop Brexit altogether if leader Jo Swinson wins a majority but otherwise continue to push for a second referendum.
– Taxation
Tories: Freeze the three major taxes – income tax, VAT and national insurance – while abandoning a plan to lower corporation tax from 19% to 17% in a move saving £6 billion.
Labour: Tax rises for big businesses in the form of a five-point rise in corporation tax and increases in the rate of tax for those earning more than £80,000 in a bid to rake in £83 billion. David Cameron’s marriage tax allowance would cease.
Lib Dems: Corporation tax restored to 20%, reform the capital gains tax-free allowance and scrap the marriage tax allowance.
– Health
Tories: A promise of an additional £34 billion in cash terms (including inflation) for the NHS to spend annually by 2024. They would add 50,000 new nurses and bring back their maintenance grant. Another 50 million more GP appointments, end hospital parking charges for millions of people and commit to an additional £1 billion per year for social care.
Labour: A commitment to £40 billion extra in cash terms for the NHS by 2024, free annual dental care check-ups, free social care for all elderly people. The party had already announced return of nurse training bursaries and the end of hospital parking charges.
Lib Dems: Plan to raise £7 billion a year extra by putting a penny on income tax, with the money to be spent on the NHS and social care, treating mental health the same as physical health, and reforming the Health and Social Care Act to make the NHS work in a more joined up way.
– Education
Tories: Pledge to increase spending in England by £7.1 billion by 2022/23, raising teacher starting salaries to £30,000, roll out more free schools and stand by the academy programme. Head teachers to be given more powers to exclude and bring in stronger discipline.
Labour: Raise spending increase by 2023 to £25 billion, Ofsted and Sats tests at Key Stage 1 and 2 all to be scrapped, the rolling back of academy system for schools, re-invest in technical training. A Sure Start centre in every community to improve early years learning, a vow to get rid of university tuition fees and putting VAT on private school fees.
Lib Dems: Reverse cuts to school budgets, employ extra 20,000 teachers, fixing backlog of school building repairs, scrap Sats and replace government school league tables. Replace Ofsted, £1 billion extra for children’s centres and a tripling of early year’s pupil premium to £1,000. Teacher starting salaries up to £30,000 and 3% per year pay rise throughout parliament.
– Childcare
Tories: A total of £1 billion for childcare providers to increase after-school and holiday provision for working parents. Base line would stay at 15 hours per week free for those aged three to four-years-old.
Labour: Free childcare for all two to four year-olds, with up to 30 hours provided. Paid for through tax rises on wealthiest and big business.
Lib Dems: Free childcare for children from nine months for all working parents. Up to 35 hours per week at a cost of £14.6 billion per year, paid through by corporation tax rise.
– Crime
Tories: An additional 20,000 police officers after cutting those lost since 2010, moves to double sentences for those who attack emergency services staff, automatic prison sentences for carrying a knife and creating another 10,000 prison places through a £2.75 billion refurbishment and expansion scheme.
Labour: Labour has committed to recruiting 22,000 more police officers and establishing a royal commission established to look at de-criminalising drugs.
Lib Dems: The party says it will invest £1 billion in community policing and creating an extra 2,000 prison officers to reform prisons into places of rehabilitation. Police will see a pay rise of 2% while the role of police and crime commissioners will be binned.
– Welfare
Tories: Continue to roll out Universal Credit, end the benefit freeze and commitment to punishing those guilty of benefit fraud. The triple lock on state pension to be retained.
Labour: Universal Credit, the two-child limit for benefits and the welfare cap all for the cutting floor. A £58 billion compensation package for the Waspi women who lost out when pension age was raised to 66. Triple lock on state pension retained.
Lib Dems: Reform of Universal Credit to reduce the wait for first payments from five weeks to five days, retain triple lock on the basic state pension and compensate Waspi women.
– Environment
Tories: £9.2 billion to improve the energy efficiency of homes, schools and hospitals. Target to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2050. Ban recycling from going overseas.
Labour: Plans for a so-called green industrial revolution’ designed to create one million jobs and 800,000 apprentices in renewable energy in the UK. Stopped short of signing up to net-zero by 2030 pledge but wants “substantial majority” of emissions reduced by then. Introduce a publicly-owned energy company into the market.
Lib Dems: Insulating all of Britain’s homes by 2030, having at least 80% of UK electricity generated from renewables by 2030, banning fracking, planting 60 million trees a year, electrifying Britain’s railways and ensuring all new cars are electric by 2030. £5 billion flood prevention fund would also be made available.
– Transport
Tories: Build high-speed rail link across the North – dubbed “HS3” – but review the future of HS2, the fast route linking London and Scotland. Promise of £2 billion over four years to eradicate potholes on roads. Heathrow’s third runway to go ahead but on the proviso it meets air pollution limits.
Labour: Commitment to both HS2 and HS3. Take railways into public ownership and allow councils to run their own bus companies.
Lib Dems: Vow to freeze rail fares for commuters and season ticket holders for the course of the parliament. Sign-up to HS2 but block plans to expand Heathrow.


Download executable for the Universal Mind Control GUI:
TBD
Download executable for our customized OpenBCI GUI:
Mac OSX
Windows 32
Windows 64
Linux ARM
Linux 32
Linux 64
Run from source (instructions in README):
Github


class: center, middle # Section VII: LDA and Text Scraping .course[450C] .institution[__Stanford University__ Department of Political Science --- Toby Nowacki Zuhad Hai] --- --- # Overview 1. Overview 2. Midterm Recap 3. Latent Dirichlet Allocation 4. Text Scraping using rvest --- # Midterm Recap * Everyone did well! * Mean of 86 * Median of 88.5 --- # Midterm Recap * The variance-bias tradeoff is inherent in **any** model that we fit. * Whether we prioritise reducing MSE or Bias depends entirely on the task at hand * In causal inference, we still care a lot about the bias term. * Model choice will depend on whether we want to infer effect size ( `\(\hat{\beta}\)` ) or make good predictions ( `\(\hat{y}\)` ). * Machine Learning is *not* a panacea to all of our problems * Fitting the same model (e.g., LASSO) with slightly different options can give you very different results! --- # Latent Dirichlet Allocation * The idea is to build a hierarchical model to predict probabilities of each document belonging to different clusters. * LDA setup is very notation-heavy. (Notation slightly different from Justin's slides) * We have `\(K\)` topics, `\(M\)` documents, `\(1, \ldots, i, \ldots, N\)` words in each document `$$\begin{align*} \underset{1 \times K}{\alpha} \\ \underset{1 \times K}{\theta_m} & \sim \mathrm{Dir}(\underset{1 \times K}{\alpha}) \\ \underset{1 \times K}{z_{im}} | \underset{1 \times K}{\theta_m} & \sim \mathrm{Multinomial}(\underset{1 \times K}{\theta_m}) \\ \underset{1 \times N}{\beta_k} & \sim \mathrm{Dir}(\mathbf{1}) \\ \underset{1 \times 1}{x_{im}} | \underset{1 \times N}{\beta_k}, z_{imk} = 1 & \sim \mathrm{Multinomial}( \underset{1 \times N}{\beta_k} ) \end{align*}$$` --- # Latent Dirichlet Allocation (cont'd) * We can depict the hierarchy using a more intuitive setting:  --- # Latent Dirichlet Allocation (cont'd) * Let's formalise the process a little bit, using plate notation.  --- # Latent Dirichlet Allocation (cont'd) * `\(\theta_m\)` (what Justin calls `\(\pi_i\)` in his slides) is the vector that describes the probability of a document belonging to each topic. * `\(\beta_{k}\)` (what Justin calls `\(\theta_k\)` in his slides) is the vector that describes the probability of word `\(i\)` conditional on topic `\(k\)`. * We have the theoretical model -- how do we compute these quantities? * Joint posterior can be approximated using Gibbs sampling. * `\(\rightarrow\)` far deeper dive into material in 450D (Bayesian statistics) * The neat feature of LDA is that topics and words are interdependent! --- # Application: Brexit-related speeches in British Parliament * To the Code! `\(\rightarrow\)` `EXAMPLE (Brexit LDA)` --- # How to Get Text (Or Other Data)? * Scrape from websites * use `beautifulSoup` in Python or `rvest` in `R` * easiest if provided data are accessible * with large datasets, hard to do (timeout and bandwidth problems) * scraping is significantly easier if you can discover regularities in the source data `\(\rightarrow\)` `EXAMPLE (local elections)` --- # How to Get Text (Or Other Data)? (cont'd) * Example use case for `rvest`: ``` library(rvest) lego_movie <- read_html("http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1490017/") rating <- lego_movie %>% html_nodes("strong span") %>% html_text() %>% as.numeric() rating #> [1] 7.8 cast <- lego_movie %>% html_nodes("#titleCast .primary_photo img") %>% html_attr("alt") cast #> [1] "Will Arnett" "Elizabeth Banks" "Craig Berry" #> [4] "Alison Brie" "David Burrows" "Anthony Daniels" #> [7] "Charlie Day" "Amanda Farinos" "Keith Ferguson" #> [10] "Will Ferrell" "Will Forte" "Dave Franco" #> [13] "Morgan Freeman" "Todd Hansen" "Jonah Hill" ``` --- # How to Get Text (Or Other Data)? (cont'd) * Scrape from pdfs * if text is machine-readable, use `pdftools` or `tabula` * if text is not recognised, use OCR software (e.g., `FineReader`) * Bottom line: Original data easy to get once you're familiar with the tools!


Starlight Director
version $VERSION_NUMBER$$VERSION_SUFFIX$ "$VERSION_CODE$"
Score and music authoring tool for
Idolmaster Cinderella Girls: Starlight Stage
Developed by
hozuki
, hosted on
GitHub
.
logchan
and
statementreply
also contributed part of the source code.
Powered by open source projects:
HTMLRenderer
SharpDX
System.Data.SQLite
CsvHelper
Json.NET
NAudio
Special thanks to
(in alphabetical order):
2GM2A,
CaiMiao
, Ki2317, M.cy★幻光", MinamiKaze,
Osiris
,
Rare
,
chieri
, dante,
hyspace
,
だいずp
,
のんのん
,
山杉
,
羽田皐月
, several others, and you.
Feedback and issue report:
click here
.
The copyright of CGSS and its related contents are held by
Bandai Namco Entertainment, Inc.


|
Player
|
Last Played
|
Date Joined Clan
|
|---|---|---|
| {{member.destinyUserInfo.displayName}} {{member.destinyUserInfo.platformName}} |
{{member.lastOnlineStatusChange | amFromUnix | amTimeAgo}}
|
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docxlatex
To convert all your equations into linear format, click on any equation, go to the Equation tab, make sure LaTeX is selected, and click on Convert → All - Linear.
Installation
pip install docxlatex
Usage
Usage is straightforward. For standard usage you will probably only need one method on the Document
class.
Import the Document
class from docxlatex
Instantiate an object of the Document
class, giving it either the path to the .docx file or
a file-like object.
# OR
_ = open('/path/to/document')
docx = Document(_)
Call the get_text() method on the Document object to extract all text from the document.
To convert all your equations into linear format, click on any equation, go to the Equation tab, make sure LaTeX is selected, and click on Convert → All - Linear.
API Reference
class Document
A class representing a .docx document. A thin wrapper with methods to extract text from the document.
Document.document
The .docx document from which text is to be extracted. Stored as a file-like object OR a path to a file-like object and is only read when the
Document.get_text()
method is called.
Document.inline_delimiter
The delimiter to wrap inline equations in. Defaults to '$'
. All equations found in a continuous line of text will be
wrapped between this delimiter.
Document.block_delimiter
The delimiter to wrap equation blocks in. Defaults to '$$'
. All equations found on their own line and
preceded and/or succeeded by newlines will be wrapped between this delimiter.
$$ Pr\left(R \geq x\right) \leq \frac{Ex\left(R\right)}{x} $$
Document.get_text(self, get_header_text=False, get_footer_text=False, image_dir=None, extensions=None)


Command Results
Enter Command Below. Enter Help or click Help button for assistance. You can use the optional Arrow buttons to enter move commands.
MAP
RED Cell = Current Location
Entrance
Command History / Help Display
History Output


New Zealand's euthanasia bill passes, referendum to be held
WELLINGTON: New Zealand lawmakers voted Wednesday (Nov 13) in favour of making euthanasia legal, paving the way for the issue to be put to voters in a referendum next year.
The law, enabling terminally ill people to request a medically assisted death was passed 69-51 at its final reading, ending years of passionate debate in parliament.
Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern has publicly stated her support for euthanasia reform and reluctantly voted for the referendum saying it was the only way of advancing the legislation.
The referendum was a demand of the New Zealand First Party, which threatened to vote against the legislation if it wasn't put to the public - possibly condemning it to fail.
"New Zealanders elect us, but they do not elect our consciences," New Zealand First MP Tracey Martin said.
The bill sponsor, libertarian MP David Seymour, said before the vote he was confident it would be passed.
"We've had the arguments - I don't think anyone will ever be able to say that parliament didn't properly scrutinise this bill," he said.
"It's been nearly two years since the parliamentary process started. And over that time we've kicked around every conceivable argument for and against the bill."
While MPs voted, protesters against euthanasia - carrying placards reading "assist us to live not die" and "euthanasia is not the solution" - staged a vigil outside parliament.


HTML = Content: HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the building-blocks of web pages. HTML allows you to put images, text, videos, forms and other pieces of content together into a cohesive webpage. You can also tweak text words, resize images, and add links to either.
CSS = Style: Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) dictate your websites look and feel. Font size, font color, font type, styling around images, page layout, mouse-over effects and more are all determined by CSS.
HTML is like the builder which carries the contents of the web page, whereas CSS is like the Artist, it's job is to style the contents within the page. Both work together to create a web page. The interactive part comes from the DOM and Javascript.