Terence McKenna Interview by OMNI Magazine, May 1993
"My life is like a James Joyce scratch pad," declares Terence McKenna. "I have a lot of fun, a kind of reverse paranoia. I think reality is a plot for my own amusement and advancement -- which it seems to be. It's absolutely eerie." Ethnobotanist, radical historian, and co-steward of a botanical garden in Hawaii where he collects endangered planet species and their lore, McKenna is, as well, a world-class psychedelic researcher.
In the Sixties, it was not uncommon for friends or colleagues to leave for awhile, then return. These travelers, however, had not made round trips to such identifiable exotic stops as Tibet or China, or even Mexico. Rather, they had tripped on acid or mushrooms: new territory. Upon reentry they would be asked the usual questions one asks a traveler: "What did you see? Who did you meet? How long were you gone?" And they'd show their slides, as it were.
In those years, taking psychedelic drugs was viewed as self- experimentation. One's goal was informational -- to learn and explore. And taking drugs carried an unstated mandate: It was incumbent upon you to contribute to the unofficial databank -- report the efficacy of varying settings, elapsed duration, potential uses, and so forth. It was not uncommon to ask, "Why did you take it?" -- truly a statement of inquiry. Terence McKenna comes from this tradition.
Born in 1946 in western Colorado, McKenna moved to Los Altos, California, when he was in high school. He graduated from the University of California at Berkeley with a major in shamanism and the conservation of natural resources. Collecting Asian art in the East, for years he also made his living as a professional butterfly collector. In his 1992 book Food of the Gods, McKenna delineates a radical history of drugs and human evolution, chronicling our descent from "stoned apes" and extolling the virtues of psilocybin mushrooms and DMT (dimethyltryptamine), a potent psychedelic compound. Eve achieves top billing in our collective history as "the mistress of magical plants."
Heralded by some as the "New Scientist," McKenna admits that "defenders of orthodox science find me a pain." When he was younger, this so bothered him that he sought the counsel of Gunther Stent, the pioneering Swedish genetic biochemist. McKenna sat in front of his hero and earnestly laid out his research, theories, and ideas of science. "What I am interested to know is," McKenna concluded, "are these ideas fallacious?" Rising from behind his desk, Stent crossed the room, placed his hands on McKenna's shoulders, and delivered the following: "My dear young friend, they aren't even fallacious!" Although crushed and shattered by the encounter, McKenna persevered to become a high-voltage speaker, storehouse of remarkable information, and prolific writer of worldwide repute.
Before this interview, McKenna offered friend and interrogator Sukie Miller the following tip: "Being able to pun, sing, or riddle will usually get you through fairy checkpoints. To deal with real fairies is to enter a realm of riddles and puzzle settings where what they punish is stupidity and what they love is intellectual cleverness."
OMNI: You've been called a prophet, madman, the most important visionary scholar in America, a bard of our psychedelic birthright, and more. How did you grow up? Was there something in the water at your house?MCKENNA: I was born in a Colorado cattle and coal-mining town of 1,500 people called Paonia. They wanted to name it Peony but didn't know how to spell it. In your last year of high school, you got your girlfriend pregnant, married her, and went to work in the coal mines. An intellectual was someone who read Time. My mother went to secretarial school and had a very large vocabulary. She was aware of classical music and writing and was my grandfather's favorite daughter.
His Metier was language. He frequently used the phrase "the fustilerian fizgigs from Zimmerman!" I reconstructed it. It means "a shrewish fish-wife from a town named Zimmerman." Whenever he got excited, he'd yell, "'Great God!' said the woodcock when the hawk struck him." A nut, a poet is what he was.
OMNI: How early in your life were you into altered states?
MCKENNA: Until I was three, we lived in my grandfather's house. I've had regression-hallucinations where I see myself in my child body playing with my trains alone in that living room. Then something catches my attention and I turn and look: A DMT hallucination is pouring out of the air, into this house, into the room. This is not supposed to be happening. This is not permitted! It was as if an invisible teapot were beginning to pour some heavy, colored liquid swimming with objects and shapes, a flowering geometry. It was as if reality got broken, like a window could get broken, and the outside -- poured through the teapot -- came rushing in. I go to find my mother to show her. Then, of course, it's not there.
OMNI: And now? Toward what end is your research directed?
 I make the analogy to sex.  I don't like to think about someone going to the grave without ever having contacted it. This work is that big. It's ours. It makes available an entire domain of being that somehow got lost, to our detriment.
OMNI: What is DMT's effect?
MCKENNA: My best guess is that it mediates attention so that when you hear a noise coming from someplace within your peripheral vision, you turn and focus on what the noise might be. Somehow this very rapid focusing of mental functioning is driven by DMT. It is also a Schedule I drug. So technically, we are all bustible all the time! The paradox is that DMT is the safest and quickest hallucinogen to leave your system -- safest, that is, in terms of any accumulated detriment to the organism.
OMNI: Food of the Gods relates DMT to psilocybin. What's the connection?
MCKENNA: Psilocybin and DMT are chemically near relatives. My book is about the history of drugs; it tries to show drugs' cultural and personality-shaping impact. People have attempted - - unsuccessfully -- to answer the question of how our minds and consciousness evolved from the ape. They've tried all kinds of things to account for this evolution, but to my mind, the key unlocking this great mystery is the presence of psychoactive plants in the diet of early man.
OMNI: What led you to this startling conclusion?
MCKENNA: Orthodox evolutionary theory tells us that small adaptive advantages eventually become genetically scripted into a species. The species builds upon this minute change to further its adaptive advantage until ultimately it out breeds all of its competitors for a particular niche or environment.
OMNI: So prehistoric humans got a leg up on the apes by ingesting a drug?
MCKENNA: Yes. Lab work shows that psilocybin eaten in amounts so small that it can't be detected, as an experience, increases visual acuity. In the Sixties, Roland Fisher at the National Institute of Mental Health gave graduate students psilocybin and then a battery of eye tests. His results indicated that edges were visually detected more readily if a bit of psilocybin was present in the student's body. Well, edge detection is exactly what hunting animals in the grassland environments use to observe distant prey! So here you have this chemical factor; when added to the diet, it results in greater success in hunting. That, in turn, results in greater success in child rearing and so increases the size of the next generation.
As we descended from the trees and into the grasslands, began to experiment with bipedal gait and omnivorous diet, we encountered mushrooms. At low does, they increase visual acuity; at midrange, they cause general central-nervous system arousal, which in a highly sexed primate means a lot of horsing around, which means there is more pregnancy among females associated with psilocybin-using behavior. Higher dosages of psilocybin leads to group sexuality and dissolved boundaries between ecstasy. We can assume that as the level of ingestion became high enough, egoless states were quite common.
The way I analyze the modern predicament -- pollution, male dominance, there are a million ways to say it -- the overriding problems are brought on by the existence of the ego, a maladaptive behavioral complex in the psyche that gets going like a tumor. If it's not treated -- if there's not pharmacological intervention -- it becomes the dominant constellation of the personality.
OMNI: How did all this play out?
MCKENNA: From 75,000 to about 15,000 years ago, there was a kind of human paradise on Earth. People danced, sang, had poetry, jokes, riddles, intrigue, and weapons, but they didn't possess the notion of ego as we've allowed it to crystallize in Western societies. The reason for this lack of ego was a social style of mushroom taking and an orgiastic sexual style that was probably lunar in its timing. Nobody went more than three or four weeks before they were redissolved into pure feeling and boundary dissolution. Community, loyalty, altruism, self-sacrifice -- all these values that we take to be the basis of humanness -- arose at the time in a situation in which the ego was absent.
OMNI: If this was all so wonderful, why did it end?
MCKENNA: The most elegant explanation is that the very force that created the original breakthrough swept away its conditions. The climatological drying of Africa forced us out of the forest canopy, onto the grasslands, and into bipedalism and omnivorous diets. We lived in that paradisiacal grasslands situation, but the climate was slowly getting drier. Mushrooms began to be less available. There could've been many strategies for obtaining mushrooms, all detrimental. The first would be to do it only at great holidays, and only a certain class of people -- shamans, for example.
Eventually the mushroom only existed around water holes in the rain shadows of certain mountains; finally, the mushroom was gone. At that moment, under great pressure from the drying climate, agriculture was invented. Agriculture represents an intellectual understanding of how cause and effect can be separated in time. You return to last year's camp, look where you discarded the trash, and there all in one place are the food planets you so carefully gathered. Women, the gatherers, put this together: Wow! Bury food, come back a year later, and it's there. This was a watershed in the development of abstract thought.
At the same time, men were understanding that the sex act, previously associated with this group orgiastic stuff, was the equivalent of burying food and coming back a year later! Male paternity is recognized as a phenomenon.  The man thinks my - - my children, not our children -- and therefore, animals I kill are food for my woman and my children. Woman are seen as property. The ego is rampant and in full force.
OMNI: How does data on psilocybin support your theory?
MCKENNA: Well, here's the problem: Psilocybin, discovered in 1953, not chemically characterized until 1957, became illegal in 1966. The window of opportunity to study this drug in humans was only nine years. People working with psilocybin never dreamed they'd be forbidden by law to work in this area. When LSD was first released into the psychotherapeutic community, it swept through the physics community. People thought, "Ah-ha! Now we're going to understand mental illness, trauma, and obsession, this being only the first of a family of drugs that will lead to an operational understanding of the genesis and curing of neuroses!"
When the scientific establishment was informed that there would be no government-grant support for psychedelic research, they just bowed their fuzzy heads and went along with it. The consequences of their failure to stand up to that decision is a mangled society and a science that hasn't fulfilled it's agenda. In no other instance has science laid down so gutlessly and allowed the state to tell it how to do its business.
I'm not trying to make a revolution in primate archaeology or theories of human emergence. My scenario, if true, has enormous implications. For 10,000 years, with the language and social skills of angels, we've pursued an agenda of beasts and demons. Human beings created an altruistic communal society; then, by withdrawing the psilocybin or having it become unavailable, we've had nothing to fall back upon except old primate behaviors, all tooth-and-claw dominance.
OMNI: You're giving an enormous amount of power to a drug. What can you tell me about psilocybin?
MCKENNA: We don't know what DMT means. It's like Columbus sighting land, and somebody says, "So you saw land; is that a big deal?" And Columbus says, "You don't understand; it is the New World."
For the last 500 years, Western culture has suppressed the idea of disembodied intelligences -- of the presence and reality of spirit. Thirty seconds into the DMT flash, and that's a dead issue. The drug shows us that culture is an artifact. You can be a New York psychotherapist or a Yoruba shaman, but these are just provisional realities you're committed to out of conventional or local customs.
OMNI: Well, it gives one something to do, Terence.
MCKENNA: Yes, but most people think it's what's happening. Psilocybin shows you everything you know is wrong. The world is not a single, one-dimensional, forward-moving, causal, connected thing, but some kind of interdimensional nexus.
OMNI: If everything I know is wrong, then what?
MCKENNA: You have to reconstruct. It's immediately a tremendous permission for the imagination. I don't have to follow Sartre, Jesus, or anybody else. Everything melts away, and you say, "It's just me, my mind, and Mother Nature." this drug shows us that what's waiting on the other side is a terrifyingly real self-consistent modality, a world that stays constant every time you visit it.
OMNI: What is waiting? Who?
MCKENNA: You burst into a space. Somehow, you can tell it's underground or an immense weight is above it. There's a feeling of enclosure, yet the space itself is open, warm, comfortable, upholstered in some very sensual material. Entities there are completely formed. There's no ambiguity about the fact that these entities are there.
OMNI: What are they like, Terence?
MCKENNA: Trying to describe them isn't easy. On one level I call them self-transforming machine elves; half machine, half elf. They are also like self-dribbling jeweled basketballs, about half that volume, and they move very quickly and change. And they are, somehow, awaiting. When you burst into this space, there's a cheer! Pink Floyd has a song, "The Gnomes Have Learned a New Way to Say Hooray." Then they come forward and tell you, "Do not give way to amazement. Do not abandon yourself." You're amazingly astonished. The most conservative explanation for these elves, since these things are speaking English and are intelligent, is that they're some kind of human beings. They're obviously not like you and me, so they're either the prenatal or postmortal phase of human existence, or maybe both, if you follow Indian thinking. You're saying, "Heart beat? Normal. Pulse? Normal." But your mind is saying, "No, no. I must be dead.  It's not the drug; drugs don't do stuff like this." Meanwhile, what you're seeing is not going away.
OMNI: What are these elves, these creatures about?
MCKENNA: They are teaching something. Theirs is a higher dimensional language that condenses as a visible syntax. For us, syntax is the structure of meaning; meaning is something heard or felt. In this world, syntax is something you see. There, the boundless meanings of language cause it to overflow the normal audio channels and enter the visual channels. They come bouncing, hopping toward you, and then it's like -- all this is metaphor; they don't have arms -- it's as though they reach into their intestines and offer you something. They offer you an object so beautiful, so intricately wrought, so something else that cannot be said in English, that just gazing on this thing, you realize such an object is impossible. The best comparison is Faberge eggs.
The object generates other objects, and it's all happening in a scene of wild merriment and confusion.
Ordinarily language creates a system of conventional meanings based on pathways determinate by experience. DMT drops you into a place where the stress is on a transcending language. Language is a tool for communication, but it fails at its own game because it's context-dependent. Everything is a system of referential metaphors. We say, "The skyline of New York is like the Himalayas, the Himalayas are like the stock market's recent performance, and that's like my moods" -- a set of interlocking metaphors.
We have either foreground or background, either object or being. If something doesn't fall into these categories, we go into a kind of loop of cognitive dissonance. If you get something from outside the metaphorical system, it doesn't compute. That's why we need astonishment. Astonishment is the reaction of the body to the ineffectiveness of its descriptive machinery. You project your description, and it keeps coming back. Rejected. Astonishment breaks the loop.
OMNI: What other experiences can you liken to the DMT trip?
MCKENNA: The archetype of DMT is the three-ring circus. The circus is all bright lights, ladies in spangled costumes, and wild animals. But right underneath, it's some fairly dark expression of Eros and freaks and unrootedness and mystery. DMT is the quintessence of that archetype. The drug is trying to tell us the true nature of the game. Reality is a theatrical illusion. So you want to find your way to the impresario who produces this and then discuss his next picture with him.
OMNI: So the circus is really just a doorway. How does it end?
MCKENNA: This crazy stuff goes on for 90 seconds; then you fall away from it. They bid you farewell. In one case, they said to me: "Deja vu, deja vu!"
OMNI: You've devoted a good part of your life to mapping the DMT and psilocybin terrain. How would you interpret all of it?
MCKENNA: These drugs can dissolve in a single lightning stroke all our provisional programming. The drugs carry you back to the truth of the organism that language, conditioning, and behavior are entirely designed to mask. Once on the substance, you are reborn outside the envelope of culture and of language. You literally come naked into this new domain.
OMNI: What do you say to doubters?
MCKENNA: DMT is utterly defeating of the drug-phobia. We could get rid of all drugs but DMT and psilocybin and have thrown out nothing. The fact that DMT is so brief and intense makes it look as if it's designed for doubters. Someone will say, "I can't risk five hours on a drug. It's nuts." The unspoken thing they're saying is, "My career, my life, will be ruined, so keep it away from me." But if you say to these people, "Look, you're making these statements about drugs. Can you invest ten minutes? . . ."
DMT is inhaled. The entire trip last that long with no after- feelings. They, fools that they are, with a naive version of linear time, think, "Well, ten minutes, How bad can that be? Then you have them.
OMNI: Do you think there is such a thing as a bad trip?
 Most people try to hold back on the learning inherent in drugs. But sometimes the drug releases the information and says, "Here's what you need to know." The information may be, "You treat people wrong!" and nobody wants to hear that or, "You have some habits you need to think seriously about," and who wants to do that?
OMNI: How can you advocate drugs so strongly when such pain, disruption, and chaos may be associated with taking them?
MCKENNA: We should talking about the word ecstasy. In our world, ruled by Madison Avenue, ecstasy has come to mean the way you feel when you buy a Mercedes and can afford it. This is not the real meaning. Ecstasy is a complex emotion containing elements of you, fear, terror, triumph, surrender, and empathy. What has replaced our prehistoric understanding of this complex of ecstasy now is the word comfort, a tremendously bloodless notion. Drugs are not comfortable, and anyone who thinks they are comfortable or even escapist should not toy with drugs unless they're willing to get their noses rubbed in their own stuff.
OMNI: What people specifically should not take them?
MCKENNA: People who are mentally unstable, under enormous pressure, or operating equipment that the lives of hundreds of people depend on. Or the fragile ones among us -- those to whom you wouldn't give a weekend airline ticket to Paris, those you wouldn't expect to guide you out of the Yukon. Some people have been so damaged by life that boundary dissolution is not helpful to them. These people are trying to maintain boundaries, their functionality. They should be honored and supported and not encouraged to take drugs. If because of genetic or cultural or psychological factors it's not for you, then it's not for you.
We're not asking everybody to feel that they must take drugs, but rather, just as a woman should be free to control her body, for heaven's sake, a person should also be free to control his or her mind. Everyone should be free to do it and be well informed of the option. Drug information isn't that much different from sex information. We make a gesture toward sex education in schools. And we've come a long way. We no longer make adulterers stitch large letters on the fronts of their clothing. But the issues of drugs are more complicated because there's a vast spectrum, from aspirin to heroin, and each has to be evaluated on its own strengths and weaknesses.
OMNI: Would you want education of the joys of drugs in high schools?
MCKENNA: Absolutely, because these kids are already self- educating and informing each other through an underground body of unsanctioned, scientifically unexamined knowledge. We stand with the issues of drugs where we were with sex in the Twenties and Thirties. You learn by rumor. So people have funny ideas, knowing far more about crack than they know about mescaline or psilocybin.
Animal life has been transfused with something either willfully descended into matter or trapped by some cosmic drama. Something in an unseen dimension is acting as an attractor for our forward movement in understanding.
OMNI: Attractor?
MCKENNA: It's a point in the future that affects us in the present. For example, if you were to do your Christmas shopping in July, then Christmas is an attractor for your summer shopping habits. Our model that everything is pushed by the past into the future, by the necessity of causality, is wrong. There are actual attractors ahead of us in time -- like the gravitational field of a planet. Once you fall under an attractor's influence, your trajectory is diverted.
OMNI: Does the attractor have a kind of intelligence?
MCKENNA: I think so. It's what we have naively built our religion around: God, totem. It's an extradimensional source of immense caring and reflection for the human enterprise.
OMNI: How will science explore the after-death state?
MCKENNA: By sending enough people into this other dimension to satisfy themselves that this is eternity. Here the analogy of the New World holds: A few lost sailors and shipwreck victims like myself are coming back, saying, "There was no edge of the world. There was this other thing. Not death and dissolution, not sea monsters and catastrophe, but valleys, rivers, cities of gold, highways." It will be a hard thing to swallow, but then the scientists can go back to doing science on after-death states. They don't have to throw out their method.
OMNI: Where is your hope?
MCKENNA: With psychology and young people. They have what we never had: older people who went through a psychedelic phase. I'm meeting old freaks in Berlin, London, who are mentoring this thing and trying to keep it away from what we perceive as our mistakes, mainly political confrontationalism. LSD was a direct frontal assault on society. An inspirited undergraduate in biochemistry with his roommate's $20,000 trust fund can turn out 5 to 10 million hits of this drug in a long weekend. This immediately created pyramids of criminal activity of such size and potential earning power that the government reacted as though a gun had been pointed at its head. Which it had. The proper strategy is stealth, subversion, and boring from within.
OMNI: Terence, my friend, does anything scare you?
MCKENNA: Madness. People always ask, "Will I die on drug A, B, or C?" That's the wrong question. Of course you can die, but what is at risk is your sanity, because it seems as though the deconstruction of reality has no bottom, and you can just move out into these places. I worry about not being able to contextualize these things, losing the thread allowing me to return to the human community. We're trying to build bridges here, not just sail off.
OMNI: How do you see the future?
MCKENNA: If history goes off endlessly into the future, it will be about scarcity, preservation of privilege, forced control of populations, the ever-more-sophisticated use of ideology to enchain and delude people. We are at the breakpoint. It's like when a woman comes to term. At a certain point, if the child is not severed from the mother and launched into its own separate existence, toxemia will set in and create a huge medical crisis.
The mushrooms said clearly, "When a species prepares to depart for the stars, the planet will be shaken to its core." All evolution has pushed for this moment, and there is no going back. What lies ahead is a dimension of such freedom and transcendence, that once in place, the idea of returning to the womb will be preposterous. We will live in the imagination. We will quickly become unrecognizable to our former selves because we're now defined by our limitations: the laws of gravity; the need to eat, excrete, and make money. We have the will to expand infinitely into pleasure, caring, attention, and connectedness. If nothing more -- and it's a lot more -- it's permission to hope.
What Is DMT?
Dimethyltryptamine is chemically related to the LSD, psilocybin class of hallucinogenic drugs. It is a serotonin agonist; that is, it mimics the neurotransmitter serotonin, but interferes with its normal action. This class of drugs enhances the brain's sensitivity to many kinds of incoming information. As an agonist, DMT locks into receptors of neurons usually available to serotonin and competes with -- often "winning out" over -- serotonin at the receptor site. To find out more about DMT's mechanism of action, we consulted leading neurobiologist and serotonin investigator, Dr. George Aghajanian of the Yale University School of Medicine.AGHAJANIAN: I'm finding that except for the fact that is has a very short duration of action -- 30 to 45 minutes -- DMT has the same effects on various receptors, particularly the serotonin-2 (5-HT2) receptor, as the other hallucinogens -- LSD or mescaline -- that can have effects for up to eight hours.
OMNI: Is 5-HT2 a postsynaptic receptor?
AGHAJANIAN: Yes. DMT also works on a presynaptic receptor, but that is not the action responsible for its hallucinogenic effects.
OMNI: Since DMT binds at these receptors, does that mean it is found naturally in the brain?
AGHAJANIAN: Enzymes able to synthesize DMT exist in certain tissues, such as in the lungs. But there's no evidence that more than a trace of DMT exists in the body, not enough to have any pharmacological effect.
OMNI: What's the difference between DMT and LSD, psilocybin and so forth?
AGHAJANIAN: All the other psychedelic hallucinogens I've looked at in tissue -- brain slices -- have a remarkable prolonged effect. So it's interesting that in the same preparation, DMT has a short-lived effect corresponding to its brief action clinically.
OMNI: Why do the other psychedelics have more prolonged effects?
AGHAJANIAN: I think the other hallucinogens are taken up in lipid [fat] compartments of the brain, cell membranes, and elsewhere and that the drug is released slowly from these compartments. The persistence of effects depends on the continued presence of the drug. DMT is not very lipid soluble, so it's not stored in the lipid compartments and thus washes out rapidly.


Notebooks
Story: The scene of !kaua doro and the lion
The scene of !kaua doro and the lion
Title
The scene of !kaua doro and the lion
Collection
Summary
[The recto pages are not translated] The place the story occurred was shown to |han≠kass'o as a child by a man called !kou (it was his place), who also told him the name of the place (which sounded like !gao-sse).
Comments
1) This story is found in Book VIII-20
Contributors
|han≠kass'o (Klein Jantje) (VIII)
Date
October 1878
Categories
Keywords
lion (!kaua doro and the) , |han≠kass'o (his personal history) , |han≠kass'o (was shown the place where the story of !kaua doro and the lion was set as a child) , place (of a man called !kou) , place (the scene for '!kaua doro and the lion') , name (of the place where '!kaua doro and the lion' was set) , name (of a man called !kou's place) , name (of |xam known by |han≠kass'o)
Story Pages
7786-7789


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Better known as Tandang Sora. Born in Banlat, Kalookan City, on January 6, 1812.
She helped the Katipuneros under the leadership of Andres Bonifacio by providing them food, shelter, and other material goods.
She is recognized as the Grand Woman of the revolution and the Mother of Balintawak. She died on March 12, 1919.


4.3.3 Format of the on-disk cache
The on-disk cache consists of a collection of files, one per instance.
The format of an on-disk resource is similar to that of an HTTP
message: it starts with an HTTP status line, followed by HTTP headers,
followed by a blank line (‘\r\n\r\n’). The blank line is
optionally followed by a number of binary zeroes. The body of the
instance follows.
The headers of an on-disk file have a few minor differences with HTTP
messages. Obviously, there is never a ‘Transfer-Encoding’ line.
A few additional headers are used by Polipo for its internal
bookkeeping:
- ‘X-Polipo-Location’: this is the URL of the resource stored in this
file. This is always present.
- ‘X-Polipo-Date’: this is Polipo’s estimation of the date at which
this instance was last validated, and is used for generating the
‘Age’ header of HTTP messages. This is optional, and only stored
if different from the instance’s date.
- ‘X-Polipo-Access’: this is the date when the instance was last
accessed by Polipo, and is used for cache purging (see Purging).
This is optional, and is absent if the instance was never accessed.
- ‘X-Polipo-Body-Offset’: the presence of this line indicates that
the blank line following the headers is followed by a number of zero
bytes. Its value is an integer, which indicates the offset since the
beginning of the file at which the instance body actually starts.
This line is optional, and if absent the body starts immediately after
the blank line.


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Recast is a simple service that will replay all the episodes of a podcast from the start.
No sign-up or registration required. Just put in a podcast show page or feed url, and get a Recast feed link back.
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Given a valid region name, return a boto.cloudformation.CloudFormationConnection.
| Parameters: | region_name (str) – The name of the region to connect to. |
|---|---|
| Return type: | boto.cloudformation.CloudFormationConnection or None |
| Returns: | A connection to the given region, or None if an invalid region name is given |
Get all available regions for the CloudFormation service.
| Return type: | list |
|---|---|
| Returns: | A list of boto.RegionInfo instances |
AWS CloudFormation AWS CloudFormation enables you to create and manage AWS infrastructure deployments predictably and repeatedly. AWS CloudFormation helps you leverage AWS products such as Amazon EC2, EBS, Amazon SNS, ELB, and Auto Scaling to build highly-reliable, highly scalable, cost effective applications without worrying about creating and configuring the underlying AWS infrastructure.
With AWS CloudFormation, you declare all of your resources and dependencies in a template file. The template defines a collection of resources as a single unit called a stack. AWS CloudFormation creates and deletes all member resources of the stack together and manages all dependencies between the resources for you.
For more information about this product, go to the `CloudFormation Product Page`_.
Amazon CloudFormation makes use of other AWS products. If you need additional technical information about a specific AWS product, you can find the product’s technical documentation at `http://aws.amazon.com/documentation/`_.
Cancels an update on the specified stack. If the call completes successfully, the stack will roll back the update and revert to the previous stack configuration. Only stacks that are in the UPDATE_IN_PROGRESS state can be canceled.
| Parameters: | stack_name_or_id (string) – The name or the unique identifier associated with the stack. |
|---|
Creates a stack as specified in the template. After the call completes successfully, the stack creation starts. You can check the status of the stack via the DescribeStacks API. Currently, the limit for stacks is 20 stacks per account per region.
| Parameters: | stack_name (string) – |
|---|
| Parameters: | template_body (string) – Structure containing the template body. (For more information, go to `Template Anatomy`_ in the AWS CloudFormation User Guide.) |
|---|
| Parameters: | template_url (string) – Location of file containing the template body. The URL must point to a template (max size: 307,200 bytes) located in an S3 bucket in the same region as the stack. For more information, go to the `Template Anatomy`_ in the AWS CloudFormation User Guide. |
|---|
| Parameters: |
|
|---|
Default: False
| Parameters: |
|
|---|
Default: ROLLBACK
| Parameters: | stack_policy_body (string) – Structure containing the stack policy body. (For more information, go to ` Prevent Updates to Stack Resources`_ in the AWS CloudFormation User Guide.) |
|---|
| Parameters: |
|
|---|
Deletes a specified stack. Once the call completes successfully, stack deletion starts. Deleted stacks do not show up in the DescribeStacks API if the deletion has been completed successfully.
| Parameters: | stack_name_or_id (string) – The name or the unique identifier associated with the stack. |
|---|
Returns all stack related events for a specified stack. For more information about a stack’s event history, go to `Stacks`_ in the AWS CloudFormation User Guide. Events are returned, even if the stack never existed or has been successfully deleted.
| Parameters: | stack_name_or_id (string) – The name or the unique identifier associated with the stack. |
|---|
Default: There is no default value.
| Parameters: | next_token (string) – String that identifies the start of the next list of events, if there is one. |
|---|
Default: There is no default value.
Returns a description of the specified resource in the specified stack.
For deleted stacks, DescribeStackResource returns resource information for up to 90 days after the stack has been deleted.
| Parameters: | stack_name_or_id (string) – The name or the unique identifier associated with the stack. |
|---|
Default: There is no default value.
| Parameters: | logical_resource_id (string) – The logical name of the resource as specified in the template. |
|---|
Default: There is no default value.
Returns AWS resource descriptions for running and deleted stacks. If StackName is specified, all the associated resources that are part of the stack are returned. If PhysicalResourceId is specified, the associated resources of the stack that the resource belongs to are returned. Only the first 100 resources will be returned. If your stack has more resources than this, you should use ListStackResources instead. For deleted stacks, DescribeStackResources returns resource information for up to 90 days after the stack has been deleted.
You must specify either StackName or PhysicalResourceId, but not both. In addition, you can specify LogicalResourceId to filter the returned result. For more information about resources, the LogicalResourceId and PhysicalResourceId, go to the `AWS CloudFormation User Guide`_. A ValidationError is returned if you specify both StackName and PhysicalResourceId in the same request.
| Parameters: | stack_name_or_id (string) – The name or the unique identifier associated with the stack. |
|---|
Default: There is no default value.
| Parameters: | logical_resource_id (string) – The logical name of the resource as specified in the template. |
|---|
Default: There is no default value.
| Parameters: | physical_resource_id (string) – The name or unique identifier that corresponds to a physical instance ID of a resource supported by AWS CloudFormation. |
|---|
Default: There is no default value.
Returns the description for the specified stack; if no stack name was specified, then it returns the description for all the stacks created.
| Parameters: | stack_name_or_id (string) – The name or the unique identifier associated with the stack. |
|---|
Default: There is no default value.
| Parameters: | next_token (string) – String that identifies the start of the next list of stacks, if there is one. |
|---|
Returns the estimated monthly cost of a template. The return value is an AWS Simple Monthly Calculator URL with a query string that describes the resources required to run the template.
| Parameters: | template_body (string) – Structure containing the template body. (For more information, go to `Template Anatomy`_ in the AWS CloudFormation User Guide.) |
|---|
| Parameters: | template_url (string) – Location of file containing the template body. The URL must point to a template located in an S3 bucket in the same region as the stack. For more information, go to `Template Anatomy`_ in the AWS CloudFormation User Guide. |
|---|
| Parameters: | parameters (list) – A list of key/value tuples that specify input parameters for the template. |
|---|---|
| Return type: | string |
| Returns: | URL to pre-filled cost calculator |
Returns the stack policy for a specified stack. If a stack doesn’t have a policy, a null value is returned.
| Parameters: | stack_name_or_id (string) – The name or stack ID that is associated with the stack whose policy you want to get. |
|---|---|
| Return type: | string |
| Returns: | The policy JSON document |
Returns the template body for a specified stack. You can get the template for running or deleted stacks.
For deleted stacks, GetTemplate returns the template for up to 90 days after the stack has been deleted. If the template does not exist, a ValidationError is returned.
| Parameters: | stack_name_or_id (string) – The name or the unique identifier associated with the stack, which are not always interchangeable: |
|---|
stack ID.
Deleted stacks: You must specify the unique stack ID.
Default: There is no default value.
Returns descriptions of all resources of the specified stack.
For deleted stacks, ListStackResources returns resource information for up to 90 days after the stack has been deleted.
| Parameters: | stack_name_or_id (string) – The name or the unique identifier associated with the stack, which are not always interchangeable: |
|---|
stack ID.
Deleted stacks: You must specify the unique stack ID.
Default: There is no default value.
| Parameters: | next_token (string) – String that identifies the start of the next list of stack resource summaries, if there is one. |
|---|
Default: There is no default value.
Returns the summary information for stacks whose status matches the specified StackStatusFilter. Summary information for stacks that have been deleted is kept for 90 days after the stack is deleted. If no StackStatusFilter is specified, summary information for all stacks is returned (including existing stacks and stacks that have been deleted).
| Parameters: | next_token (string) – String that identifies the start of the next list of stacks, if there is one. |
|---|
Default: There is no default value.
| Parameters: | stack_status_filter (list) – Stack status to use as a filter. Specify one or more stack status codes to list only stacks with the specified status codes. For a complete list of stack status codes, see the StackStatus parameter of the Stack data type. |
|---|
Sets a stack policy for a specified stack.
| Parameters: |
|---|
| Parameters: | stack_policy_url (string) – Location of a file containing the stack policy. The URL must point to a policy (max size: 16KB) located in an S3 bucket in the same region as the stack. You must pass StackPolicyBody or StackPolicyURL. If both are passed, only StackPolicyBody is used. |
|---|
Updates a stack as specified in the template. After the call completes successfully, the stack update starts. You can check the status of the stack via the DescribeStacks action.
**Note: **You cannot update `AWS::S3::Bucket`_ resources, for example, to add or modify tags.
To get a copy of the template for an existing stack, you can use the GetTemplate action.
Tags that were associated with this stack during creation time will still be associated with the stack after an UpdateStack operation.
For more information about creating an update template, updating a stack, and monitoring the progress of the update, see `Updating a Stack`_.
| Parameters: | stack_name (string) – |
|---|
The name or stack ID of the stack to update.
| Parameters: | template_body (string) – Structure containing the template body. (For more information, go to `Template Anatomy`_ in the AWS CloudFormation User Guide.) |
|---|
| Parameters: | template_url (string) – Location of file containing the template body. The URL must point to a template located in an S3 bucket in the same region as the stack. For more information, go to `Template Anatomy`_ in the AWS CloudFormation User Guide. |
|---|
| Parameters: |
|
|---|
| Parameters: | stack_policy_during_update_body (string) – Structure containing the temporary overriding stack policy body. If you pass StackPolicyDuringUpdateBody and StackPolicyDuringUpdateURL, only StackPolicyDuringUpdateBody is used. |
|---|
| Parameters: | stack_policy_during_update_url (string) – Location of a file containing the temporary overriding stack policy. The URL must point to a policy (max size: 16KB) located in an S3 bucket in the same region as the stack. If you pass StackPolicyDuringUpdateBody and StackPolicyDuringUpdateURL, only StackPolicyDuringUpdateBody is used. |
|---|
| Return type: | string |
|---|---|
| Returns: | The unique Stack ID. |
Validates a specified template.
| Parameters: | template_body (string) – String containing the template body. (For more information, go to `Template Anatomy`_ in the AWS CloudFormation User Guide.) |
|---|
| Parameters: | template_url (string) – Location of file containing the template body. The URL must point to a template (max size: 307,200 bytes) located in an S3 bucket in the same region as the stack. For more information, go to `Template Anatomy`_ in the AWS CloudFormation User Guide. |
|---|
Returns the stack policy for this stack. If it has no policy then, a null value is returned.
Sets a stack policy for this stack.
| Parameters: | stack_policy_body (string) – Structure containing the stack policy body. (For more information, go to ` Prevent Updates to Stack Resources`_ in the AWS CloudFormation User Guide.) |
|---|
| Parameters: | stack_policy_url (string) – Location of a file containing the stack policy. The URL must point to a policy (max size: 16KB) located in an S3 bucket in the same region as the stack. You must pass StackPolicyBody or StackPolicyURL. If both are passed, only StackPolicyBody is used. |
|---|


SweeperCalc is a Gen VI 6v6 damage calculator. It is primarily used during online competitive battles as a resource for determining how much damage you can do to your opponents and vice versa. SweeperCalc is useful because it provides a visual overview of all damage calculations by all Pokemon in the battle (and is much more efficient than looking at the calculations manually in a 1v1 calculator). SweeperCalc enables you to import your team as well as select Common Sets which can be used to predict what moves your opponent may have (statistically speaking, your opponent will run the most common set). SweeperCalc is also a great tool for team building in the case of looking at Pokemon sets that bReakMyTeam does not include.
1. Import your team to the left side of the table. You can import using Pokemon Showdown format by clicking the ‘< import’ (Meowstic-M) button or manually filling out the form.
2. At the start of a Pokemon Showdown battle, you get a one-liner listing the opponent’s Pokemon. Copy this line into the importer for the right side of SweeperCalc by clicking the 'Import>' (Meowstic-F) button. If you are not playing in OU, you can specify the tier like so: ‘Ubers: Espeon / Volcarona / Talonflame / Skarmory / Blissey / Rotom-W’. Currently supported tiers are Ubers, OU, UU, LC and VGC. (If you are on a 3DS battle, simply look at the Pokemon sprites before the battle and type their names in the same format as above).
3. SweeperCalc will then automatically generate the most common set as a good guess for the opponent’s moves, sets and abilities. Of course it won’t be correct all the time but it gives you a rough idea of the moves that your opponent will most likely have. The damage results are displayed in the table (see below).
4. As the battle goes on, adjust the opposing team using the forms. All most common sets have 6 moves, so perhaps when you are sure of the opponent’s moves, remove some of the ones they don’t have. You can also adjust the environment, levels and format (doubles/singles) in the Options panel. Don’t forget to “mega evolve” your/your opponent’s Pokemon as they happen. You can do this by changing the Pokemon name from ‘Venusaur’ to ‘Venusaur-Mega’.
5. Once you have finished the battle, click the ‘Reset>’ (Abra) button, enter another battle and repeat!
The table displays a lot of data so it can be pretty daunting to view at first. We'll cover some features that might not be apparant.
The move picked by SweeperCalc for each attacker is the one that does the most damage to its target.
In this example, Rotom's Hydro Pump hits Tyranitar hardest out of all its moves and hence is the move shown. The bottom half of the cell shows the move that Tyranitar hits Rotom with the hardest - in this case, it is Stone Edge.
The triangles in the top right of a cell indicate that the attacking threat is faster than the defending threat.
In this example, Rotom outspeeds Tyranitar and Genesect outspeeds Rotom. Note that these triangles do not take priority into account in SweeperCalc.
Click on a cell and you'll see the damage calculations for the entire moveset of the offensive Pokemon.
Click on a cell and you'll see the standard text output for that calculation.
Verbose Mode is the default output mode. It shows min damage, max damage and the move name.
% Mode shows the max damage of the highest damaging move.
Visual mode only displays the cell colour and the speed triangle.
By default, SweeperCalc shows both what damage you do to your opponent and vice versa. You can enable just your own attacks by turning Dual Mode off.
Setting the doubles mode reduces the power of spread moves by 25% and reduces the effectiveness of Light Screen and Reflect.
Selecting VGC mode automatically activates Doubles mode.
The Level selector changes all Pokemon to the indicated level.
Damage proportions are different at different levels.
Light Screen reduces damage from special attacks by 50%.
Reflect reduces damage from physical attacks by 50%.
The left side corresponds with the threats and the right side corresponds with the target team.
Trickroom reverses speed calculations.
Weather changes the typing of Weather Ball
Solar Beam does half damage in Rain, Sand and Hail.
Sun increases the damage of Fire type moves by 50%, reduces Water type moves by 50% and activates Chlorophyll for speed calculations.
Rain increases the damage of Water type moves by 50%, reduces Fire type moves by 50% and activates Swift Swim for speed calculations.
Sand increases the Special Defense of Rock type Pokemon by 50% and activates Sand Force and Sand Rush.
Hail has no additional effects


Chapter 21 – DAVID GLEN BROWNING
On September of 1970, the Lord blessed us with another beautiful baby son whom we named David. When this son was born, I told Ken I didn't care if his mom didn't like the name of David, we did and he was our child and we could name him what we wanted - so we named him David Glen. Glen after my father. Ken's mom never said anything about his name.
My concerns about having two children so close, especially since Shellie & Mike were only two years apart, quickly ended when David was born. David didn't have colic and was a contented baby, and Mike was so cute with David and always wanted to help. He was a big help. I let him get me the diapers, binkee, help feed him when I bottle fed him or gave him water in the bottle, etc. He always wanted to hold him, etc., and as soon as David was old enough to play, they were having fun together. David, although a contended baby, was a sickly baby. He was always getting colds which would turn into tonsillitis, croup, ear infections, etc.


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Enabling the Social System (xp, economy, and more!)
What is XP
XP (Experience Points) is a virtual point a user earns upon chatting on the server where this feature is enabled in and whose channel is not excluded from the blacklist. Earning XP is a fun way to challenge your friends with, and can also denote of how much you are actively involved in the server, which can give anyone a good grasp of your server activity.
How to gain XP
You can start gaining XP when you start chatting on an xp-enabled channel in the server. You can gain at a rate of 15-35 XP per minute.
How to Level Up
If you accumulate enough xp, you are automatically promoted to another level. Required XP to level up for each level increases as you progress through the higher ranks.
How to view your level card
To view your level card, just type m!rank
. You can also see the level card of user whom you share the server with by mentioning them or using their ID.
How to view the server leaderboard
o view the server leaderboard, just type m!lb. Mai will only show the top 10 earners of the server, however, you will know your rank at the bottom of the embed.
Enabling the XP System
By default, after Mai joins your server, the XP System is off. However, anyone on the server who has the ADMINISTRATOR
permission can enable it. Typing the command m!xptoggle
will toggle the xp system for the server on if it's off, and off if it's on.
Enabling the Economy System
Enabling the xp system automatically enables the economy system
Disabling the XP System on some Channels
When enabling this feature on your server first time, all channels will be included in the gathering and monitoring of XP. If you want to exclude some channels, say because these channels caters for spammers (spam channel), or the channel is for bot-usage and you want xp to be effective only on normal conversation, you can exclude channels from being listened to by typing the command m!xpexcempt [channel1] <channel2>... <channeln>
. The command accepts multiple channels at once so you can get rid of all those channels in a single command! Only server ADMINISTRATOR
can use this command.
Enabling the XP System on disabled channels.
After you excempted a channel from the xp feature, you might reach to the point that you want to enable it on the channel again, you can do so by typing m!xpallow [channel1] <channel2>... <channeln>
. Same with disabling, the command accepts multiple channels at once. Only server ADMINISTRATOR
can use this command.
Resetting the xp of a specific user
You might think that you wanted to reset a specific user's xp because of misconduct, or because of spam abuse, or any reason at all. You can reset a user's xp by typing in m!userxpreset <User>
, and the user's xp will be forever gone. This action is irreversible, and thus xp lost will never be recovered.
Resetting the xp of the whole server
Anyone on the server with the ADMINISTRATOR
permissions can reset all of user's xp by typing m!xpreset
. This action is irreversible, and XP lost will never be recovered.


The following is a list of
accepted tutorials and talks that will be presented at pyArkansas 2012.
{% trans "Tutorials" %}
{% for proposal in proposal_list %}
{% if proposal.kind_id == 1 %}
- {{ proposal.title }} by {{ proposal.speaker.name }}: {{ proposal.description }}
Audience level:
{% if proposal.tutorialproposal.audience_level == 1 %}
Novice
{% elif proposal.tutorialproposal.audience_level == 2 %}
Experienced
{% else %}
Intermediate
{% endif %}
{% endif %}
{% empty %}
No tutorials have been submitted yet.
{% endfor %}
{% trans "Talks" %}
{% for proposal in proposal_list %}
{% if proposal.kind_id == 2 %}
- {{ proposal.title }} by {{ proposal.speaker.name }}: {{ proposal.description }}
Audience level:
{% if proposal.talkproposal.audience_level == 1 %}
Novice
{% elif proposal.talkproposal.audience_level == 2 %}
Experienced
{% else %}
Intermediate
{% endif %}
{% endif %}
{% empty %}
No talks have been submitted yet.
{% endfor %}


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
32
33 34 35
36
37 package ti.uia.family.dm.dra7xx;
38
39 import ti.uia.loggers.LoggerStopMode;
40 import xdc.rov.ViewInfo;
41 import xdc.runtime.Assert;
42 import xdc.runtime.Diags;
43 import xdc.runtime.Log;
44 import xdc.runtime.Types;
45
46 /*!
47 * ======== TimestampProvider ========
48 * System-wide timestamp provider
49 *
50 * This timestamp provider is used by UIA to provide a common time
51 * base for all processors. This allows System Analyzer to correlate
52 * the log events from all processors to a common time base. Event
53 * correlation is required for the multi-core execution graph. Use
54 * this module as the global timestamp proxy for the
55 * {@link ti.uia.runtime.LogSync} module.
56 *
57 * This module requires the use of a timer to provide a common system
58 * tick. The timer needs to have access to the 32 KHz clock. Not all
59 * timers are suitable for use by this module. See the {@link #timerId}
60 * configuration parameter for a list of recommended timers. Exactly one
61 * processor must be the owner of the timer. See {@link #owner} for details.
62 *
63 * Ledgers are used internally by this module to keep track of the
64 * other processors in the system. The ledgers are shared across
65 * processor boundaries. You must provide the base address of a ledger
66 * so that all processors know where to find it. See the {@link #ledgers}
67 * configuration parameter for details. There are two types of ledgers:
68 * a group ledger, and a private ledger. One group ledger is mandatory,
69 * private ledgers are typically used by the EVE processors. Ledgers are
70 * defined by the role used to access them. See the {@link #Role}
71 * enumeration for details.
72 *
73 * @a(Configuration Example)
74 *
75 * This is a four processor example: DSP1 DSP2 EVE1 EVE2. In this example,
76 * DSP1 is to be the owner of the timer. Three ledgers will be used, one
77 * group ledger and two private ledgers. The group ledger is used by DSP1
78 * and DSP2. One private ledger is used by DSP1 and EVE1. The other private
79 * ledger is used by DSP2 and EVE2.
80 *
81 * Add the following to your DSP1 configuration script.
82 *
83 * @p(code)
84 * // add Timer3 (id=2) to SYS/BIOS available mask //
85 * var TimerSupport = xdc.useModule('ti.sysbios.family.shared.vayu.TimerSupport');
86 * TimerSupport.availMask |= (0x1 << 2);
87 *
88 * // configure timestamp proxy //
89 * var TimestampProvider = xdc.useModule('ti.uia.family.dm.dra7xx.TimestampProvider');
90 * TimestampProvider.timerId = 2;
91 * TimestampProvider.owner = true;
92 * TimestampProvider.eventId = 65;
93 * TimestampProvider.cpuIntrNum = 13;
94 * TimestampProvider.syncInterval = 33;
95 *
96 * // group ledger
97 * TimestampProvider.ledgers.$add(
98 * new TimestampProvider.Ledger({
99 * role: TimestampProvider.Ledger_PEER,
100 * base: 0x40500000,
101 * size: 2, // DSP1 DSP2
102 * index: 0 // DSP1
103 * })
104 * );
105 *
106 * // eve1 ledger
107 * TimestampProvider.ledgers.$add(
108 * new TimestampProvider.Ledger({
109 * role: TimestampProvider.Role_USER,
110 * base: 0x42020000
111 * })
112 * );
113 *
114 * // enable event correlation
115 * var LogSync = xdc.useModule('ti.uia.runtime.LogSync');
116 * LogSync.GlobalTimestampProxy = TimestampProvider;
117 * LogSync.enableEventCorrelationForJTAG = true;
118 * @p
119 * Add the following to your DSP2 configuration script.
120 *
121 * @p(code)
122 * // configure timestamp proxy for event correlation
123 * var TimestampProvider = xdc.useModule('ti.uia.family.dm.dra7xx.TimestampProvider');
124 *
125 * TimestampProvider.timerId = 2;
126 * TimestampProvider.owner = false; // DSP1 is owner
127 * TimestampProvider.eventId = 65;
128 * TimestampProvider.cpuIntrNum = 13;
129 * TimestampProvider.syncInterval = 33;
130 *
131 * // group ledger
132 * TimestampProvider.ledgers.$add(
133 * new TimestampProvider.Ledger({
134 * role: TimestampProvider.Role_PEER,
135 * base: 0x40500000,
136 * size: 2, // DSP1 DSP2
137 * index: 1 // DSP2
138 * })
139 * );
140 *
141 * // eve2 ledger
142 * TimestampProvider.ledgers.$add(
143 * new TimestampProvider.Ledger({
144 * role: TimestampProvider.Role_USER,
145 * base: 0x42120000
146 * })
147 * );
148 *
149 * // enable event correlation
150 * var LogSync = xdc.useModule('ti.uia.runtime.LogSync');
151 * LogSync.GlobalTimestampProxy = TimestampProvider;
152 * LogSync.enableEventCorrelationForJTAG = true;
153 * @p
154 * Add the following to your EVE1 configuration script.
155 *
156 * @p(code)
157 * // configure timestamp proxy for event correlation
158 * var TimestampProvider = xdc.useModule('ti.uia.family.dm.dra7xx.TimestampProvider');
159 *
160 * TimestampProvider.timerId = 2;
161 * TimestampProvider.owner = false; // DSP1 is owner
162 * TimestampProvider.eventId = 35;
163 * TimestampProvider.cpuIntrNum = 9;
164 * TimestampProvider.syncInterval = 33;
165 *
166 * // use private ledger, role = owner
167 * TimestampProvider.ledgers.$add(
168 * new TimestampProvider.Ledger({
169 * role: TimestampProvider.Role_OWNER,
170 * base: 0x40020000
171 * })
172 * );
173 *
174 * // enable event correlation
175 * var LogSync = xdc.useModule('ti.uia.runtime.LogSync');
176 * LogSync.GlobalTimestampProxy = TimestampProvider;
177 * LogSync.enableEventCorrelationForJTAG = true;
178 * @p
179 * Add the following to your EVE2 configuration script.
180 *
181 * @p(code)
182 * // configure timestamp proxy for event correlation
183 * var TimestampProvider = xdc.useModule('ti.uia.family.dm.dra7xx.TimestampProvider');
184 *
185 * TimestampProvider.timerId = 2;
186 * TimestampProvider.owner = false; // DSP1 is owner
187 * TimestampProvider.eventId = 35;
188 * TimestampProvider.cpuIntrNum = 9;
189 * TimestampProvider.syncInterval = 33;
190 *
191 * // use private ledger, role = owner
192 * TimestampProvider.ledgers.$add(
193 * new TimestampProvider.Ledger({
194 * role: TimestampProvider.Role_OWNER,
195 * base: 0x40020000
196 * })
197 * );
198 *
199 * // enable event correlation
200 * var LogSync = xdc.useModule('ti.uia.runtime.LogSync');
201 * LogSync.GlobalTimestampProxy = TimestampProvider;
202 * LogSync.enableEventCorrelationForJTAG = true;
203 * @p
204 *
205 * @a(CPU Frequency Configuration)
206 *
207 * In order for event correlation to be accurate, the cpu frequency must
208 * be set as accurately as possible. This module can be used to determine
209 * you actual cpu frequency.
210 *
211 * Enable the timestamp sample buffer with the {@link #estCpuFreq}
212 * configuration parameter. Run your program continuously for 30 seconds.
213 * Use ROV to view the cpu frequency in the TimestampProvider module view.
214 *
215 * Once you have determined your cpu frequency, use that value to configure
216 * the SYS/BIOS cpu frequency.
217 *
218 * @p(code)
219 * var BIOS = xdc.useModule('ti.sysbios.BIOS');
220 * BIOS.cpuFreq = { hi: 0, lo: 609024002 };
221 * @p
222 *
223 * Hint: disable the {@link #estCpuFreq} when done to reduce your data
224 * footprint.
225 */
226
227 @ModuleStartup
228 @Template("./TimestampProvider.xdt")
229
230 module TimestampProvider inherits ti.uia.runtime.IUIATimestampProvider
231 {
232 /*!
233 * ======== timerId ========
234 * Identify which timer to use as the timestamp clock source
235 *
236 * The timers are named Timer1-Timer16; their corresponding ids
237 * are 0-15 (e.g. for Timer3, use id=2). Not all timers are
238 * appropriate clock sources for this module. Use one of the
239 * following timers:
240 *
241 * @p(html)
242 *

243 *
244 *

245 * Timer Name
246 * Description
247 *

248 *

249 * Timer[3,4,9,11,13,14,15,16]
250 * PD_L4PER power domain
251 *

252 *

253 * Timer[5,6,7,8]
254 * PD_IPU power domain
255 *

256 *

257 * @p
258 *
259 * All executables must use the same timer in order to support
260 * event correlation in System Analyzer.
261 */
262 config UInt timerId;
263
264 /*!
265 * ======== owner ========
266 * Determine ownership of the timer
267 *
268 * When set to true, the timer will be enabled and configured
269 * during the boot phase. The owner should run before any other
270 * processor using this same timer. Only one processor should
271 * be configured as the owner of the timer. This processor will
272 * also listen for the timer interrupt and acknowledge it.
273 *
274 * When set to false, it is expected that another processor will
275 * enable and configure the timer. This processor will simply
276 * listen for the timer interrupt and acknowledge it.
277 *
278 * Note: The ARP32 does not support timer ownership. This config
279 * param must always be false when running on the ARP32.
280 */
281 config Bool owner;
282
283 /*!
284 * ======== eventId ========
285 * Specify interrupt controller event to receive timer interrupt
286 *
287 * The eventId specifies which interrupt controller event should
288 * receive the timer interrupt. This value is used to route the
289 * timer interrupt through the Interrupt Crossbar to the interrupt
290 * controller event. It is also used to route the interrupt event
291 * to the cpu interrupt specified in {@link #cpuIntrNum}.
292 *
293 * The following table indicates possible event ids, but this is
294 * device specific. Please consult your manual.
295 *
296 * @p(html)
297 *

298 *
299 *

300 * Processor
301 * Event ID
302 *

303 *

304 * DSP
305 * 63-78, 81
306 *

307 *

308 * EVE
309 * 32-39
310 *

311 *

312 * @p
313 */
314 config Int eventId;
315
316 /*!
317 * ======== cpuIntrNum ========
318 * Specify cpu interrupt to receive timer interrupt
319 *
320 * For accurate event correlation in System Analyzer, it is
321 * recommended not to share this interrupt.
322 *
323 * The following table indicates possible interrupt numbers, but
324 * this is device specific. Please consult your manual.
325 *
326 * @p(html)
327 *

328 *
329 *

330 * Processor
331 * Timer ID
332 *

333 *

334 * DSP
335 * 4-15
336 *

337 *

338 * EVE
339 * 8-11
340 *

341 *

342 * @p
343 */
344 config Int cpuIntrNum;
345
346 /*!
347 * ======== syncInterval ========
348 * Specify the interval for logging sync events
349 *
350 * UIA Sync events are used by System Analyzer to correlate the
351 * events from each processor onto a global time base. Only the
352 * last sync event is actually used.
353 *
354 * This configuration parameter specifies how frequently the sync
355 * events should be raised. In order to maintain accurate event
356 * correlation, you should raise one sync event within each log
357 * data window. For example, if your log buffer contains 100 ms
358 * of data, then you should raise a sync event each 0.1 seconds
359 * (100 ms = 0.1 sec).
360 *
361 * Each syncInterval is 0.001953125 seconds. Divide the data window
362 * by this value to get the syncInterval (round down).
363 *
364 * @p(code)
365 * 0.1 sec / 0.001953125 sec = 51.2
366 *
367 * TimestampProvider.syncInterval = 51;
368 * @p
369 *
370 * When using multiple logger instances, the data window for each
371 * instance is probably different. Use System Analyzer to measure
372 * the data overlap of your region of interest. Use the length of
373 * this region to calculate the syncInterval.
374 *
375 * The syncInterval should be as large as possible to reduce logging
376 * overhead, yet small enough to yield accurate event correlation.
377 */
378 config UInt syncInterval = 50;
379
380 /*!
381 * ======== estCpuFreq ========
382 * Estimate the cpu frequency using timestamp sample buffer
383 *
384 * When enabled, this module will save timestamps in the sample
385 * buffer which are then used to calculate an estimate of the
386 * cpu frequency. Run the processor continuously for 30 seconds
387 * to ensure the sample buffer is full. Open ROV and select the
388 * Module tab. The calculated cpu frequency is displayed in the
389 * estCpuFreq column. The timestamp samples are displayed in the
390 * Sample Buffer tab.
391 *
392 * Set this config param to false to reduce the data footprint in
393 * your released product.
394 */
395 config Bool estCpuFreq = false;
396
397 /*!
398 * ======== Role ========
399 * Define roles for each ledger instance
400 *
401 * There may be multiple ledger instances in a system. There are
402 * two types of ledgers: 1. a group ledger, and 2. a private ledger.
403 * A group ledger may have two or more users. A private ledger has
404 * exactly two users. When a processor creates a private ledger,
405 * that processor may not create any additional ledgers of any type.
406 * A private ledger is typicaly used by the ARP32 processor.
407 *
408 * The ledger type is identified by the role used to access it.
409 *
410 * @p(html)
411 *

412 *
Role_PEER

413 *

414 * This role is used to access a group ledger instance. This
415 * ledger instance is used by multiple processors. The ledger
416 * is an array of GroupLedgerElem elements. Each processor
417 * uses one entry in the ledger. The size of the ledger must
418 * equal the number of users.

419 *
420 * All users of this ledger are peers. The ledger is not created
421 * by any processor, it must be defined in the memory map.

422 *

423 *
424 *
Role_OWNER

425 *

426 * This role is used to access a private ledger. This ledger
427 * is used by only two processors: the local processor (the
428 * owner) and a remote processor (the user). The ledger is
429 * allocated in the local processor's memory map. This same
430 * ledger must be defined by a Role_USER role on one other
431 * processor.

432 *

433 *
434 *
Role_USER

435 *

436 * This role is used to access a private ledger. This role is the
437 * complement of the Role_OWNER role. When using a private ledger,
438 * the actual ledger is created by the other processor.

439 *
440 * A processor using the Role_USER role, will access the ledger with
441 * the given address, but it does not allocate the ledger.

442 *
443 * It is possible to access multiple private ledgers from the
444 * same processor. Each Role_USER corresponds to a private ledger
445 * created by another processor.

446 *

447 *

448 * @p
449 */
450 enum Role {
451 Role_PEER = 0x01, /*! shared by multiple processors */
452 Role_OWNER = 0x02, /*! shared with one remote processor */
453 Role_USER = 0x03 /*! shared with one remote processor */
454 };
455
456 /*!
457 * ======== Ledger ========
458 * Define a ledger used in the system
459 *
460 * A ledger is used to keep track of which processors are running.
461 * Depending on the ledger role, there can be two or more users of
462 * the same ledger instance. You can define multiple ledgers. See
463 * {@link #ledgers} for examples of creating ledgers.
464 *
465 * @field(role)
466 * Defines how this processor will be using the ledger. The role
467 * also implicitly defines which type of ledger is created. See
468 * the {@link #Role} enumeration for details.
469 *
470 * @field(base)
471 * The base address of the ledger as seen by the local processor.
472 *
473 * @field(size)
474 * The number of users of the current ledger. When adding a new
475 * user to a ledger, be sure to update this value for all processors
476 * using the same ledger.
477 *
478 * @field(index)
479 * The entry index in the ledger to be used by this processor. Each
480 * processor must have its own unique entry. The index is zero based
481 * (as in array indexing). Index values range from 0 - (size-1).
482 */
483 struct Ledger {
484 Role role; /*! role used to access the ledger */
485 Ptr base; /*! base address of the ledger */
486 Int size; /*! number of users */
487 Int index; /*! entry assigned to this processor */
488 };
489
490 /*!
491 * ======== ledgers ========
492 * Define the ledgers to be managed by this processor
493 *
494 * Ledgers are used to keep track of the other processors. This
495 * is needed to support the auto-logging feature and to issue
496 * LogSync events. Each processor must define at least one ledger.
497 *
498 * There are two types of ledgers: a group ledger, and a private
499 * ledger. See the {@link #Role} enumeration for details.
500 *
501 * Use as few ledgers as possible. However, some system constraints
502 * will require additional ledgers. For example, the EVE processors
503 * have very slow data access to on-chip or external memory. Therefore,
504 * we recommend that each EVE processor use a private ledger. Place
505 * the private ledger in DMEM to ensure fast memory access.
506 *
507 * Add the following to your EVE1 configuration script.
508 *
509 * @p(code)
510 * var TimestampProvider = xdc.useModule('ti.uia.family.dm.dra7xx.TimestampProvider');
511 *
512 * // use private ledger, role = owner
513 * TimestampProvider.ledgers.$add(
514 * new TimestampProvider.Ledger({
515 * role: TimestampProvider.Role_OWNER,
516 * base: 0x40020000
517 * })
518 * );
519 * @p
520 *
521 * Each private ledger has exactly two users: an owner (Role_OWNER)
522 * and a user (Role_USER). In the example above, the EVE would always
523 * be the owner. Typically, the DSP would be the corresponding user.
524 *
525 * Add the following to your DSP1 configuration script.
526 *
527 * @p(code)
528 * var TimestampProvider = xdc.useModule('ti.uia.family.dm.dra7xx.TimestampProvider');
529 *
530 * // eve1 ledger, role = user
531 * TimestampProvider.ledgers.$add(
532 * new TimestampProvider.Ledger({
533 * role: TimestampProvider.Role_USER,
534 * base: 0x42020000
535 * })
536 * );
537 * @p
538 *
539 * Note in the example above, the EVE defines the ledger address
540 * using its local address (e.g. 0x40020000). However, the DSP must
541 * use the interconnect address (e.g. 0x42020000).
542 *
543 * For the remaining processors in the system, you could use one
544 * group ledger. All processors using the same group must agree on
545 * the ledger address, and the number of entries. Each processor must
546 * be assigned its own entry in the ledger.
547 *
548 * The following example defines a single group ledger used by two
549 * processors: DSP1 and DSP2. Add the following to your DSP1
550 * configuration script.
551 *
552 * @p(code)
553 * var TimerSupport = xdc.useModule('ti.sysbios.family.shared.vayu.TimerSupport');
554 *
555 * // group ledger, role = peer
556 * TimestampProvider.ledgers.$add(
557 * new TimestampProvider.Ledger({
558 * role: TimestampProvider.Ledger_PEER,
559 * base: 0x40500000,
560 * size: 2, // DSP1 DSP2
561 * index: 0 // DSP1
562 * })
563 * );
564 * @p
565 * Add the following to your DSP2 configuration script.
566 *
567 * @p(code)
568 * var TimerSupport = xdc.useModule('ti.sysbios.family.shared.vayu.TimerSupport');
569 *
570 * // group ledger, role = peer
571 * TimestampProvider.ledgers.$add(
572 * new TimestampProvider.Ledger({
573 * role: TimestampProvider.Role_PEER,
574 * base: 0x40500000,
575 * size: 2, // DSP1 DSP2
576 * index: 1 // DSP2
577 * })
578 * );
579 * @p
580 *
581 * It is also possible to partition the remaining processors into
582 * groups and assign a group ledger to each processor group. This
583 * might be done to support independent application domains. However,
584 * one requirement is that the processor which owns the timer must
585 * participate in all group ledgers. For example, if DSP1 has
586 *
587 * @p(code)
588 * TimestampProvider.owner = true;
589 * @p
590 *
591 * then DSP1 must participate in all group ledgers (i.e. Role_PEER).
592 */
593 config Ledger ledgers[length];
594
595 /*!
596 * ======== L_latch ========
597 * Log event raised at the end of the timer isr
598 *
599 * The timer isr maintains a global tick value used by System
600 * Analyzer to correlate the log events across processor boundaries.
601 * This event is raised at the end of the timer isr. The latch count
602 * should be the same on all processors. The isr timestamp is also
603 * reported. This value can be used to measure the accuracy of the
604 * event correlation. The isr timestamp is captured at the very
605 * beginning of the timer isr.
606 */
607 config Log.Event L_latch = {
608 mask: Diags.INFO,
609 msg: "L_latch: latch=0x%x:0x%x, isr ts=0x%x:0x%x"
610 };
611
612
613 /*!
614 * ======== L_suspend ========
615 * Log event raised when loggers are to be suspended
616 *
617 * The module has determined that the system state is not nominal. To
618 * preserve the events in the log buffers leading up to this point,
619 * the loggers will be suspended. This event is raised shortly before
620 * the loggers are actually suspended.
621 */
622 config Log.Event L_suspend = {
623 mask: Diags.INFO,
624 msg: "L_suspend: loggers suspended"
625 };
626
627 /*! @_nodoc */
628 override metaonly config Bool canCpuCyclesPerTickBeChanged = false;
629
630 /*! @_nodoc */
631 override metaonly config Bool canFrequencyBeChanged = false;
632
633 /*! @_nodoc */
634 override metaonly config UInt32 cpuCyclesPerTick = 0;
635
636 internal:
637
638 const UInt GBL_FREQ = 200000000;
639
640
641 const UInt TPRD = 64;
642
643
644 const UInt TSSZ = (1 << 6);
645
646
647 const UInt GBLTC = 100;
648
649
650 const UInt LEGSZ = 16;
651
652
653 const UInt LOGSZ = 6;
654
655
656 const UInt TIMEOUT = 1200;
657
658
659 config UInt SPINCNT;
660
661
662 struct GroupLedgerElem {
663 UInt32 masterLC_hi;
664 UInt32 masterLC_lo;
665 UInt32 latch;
666 Bool nominal;
667 }
668
669
670 struct PrivateLedger {
671 UInt32 userLC;
672 Bool nominal;
673 UInt32 ownerLC;
674 }
675
676 677 678 679 680 681 682
683 config Assert.Id A_badRole = {
684 msg: "A_badRole: unknown ledger role"
685 };
686
687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694
695 config Assert.Id A_noGroupLedger = {
696 msg: "A_noGroupLedger: unable to find a group ledger"
697 };
698
699 700 701 702 703 704 705
706 config Assert.Id A_badLoggerState = {
707 msg: "A_badLoggerState: logger state should not be both pause and resume at the same time."


The Automated Community Content Editing Portal ("ACCEPT Portal") and related services (the "Services") are provided by the following parties: //TODO:
The Automated Community Content Editing Portal ("ACCEPT Portal") and related services (the "Services") are provided by the following parties: //TODO:


Home
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My Favorite Food
Food is beautiful. It's a lovely thing for the soul.
Here are some of my favorite foods.
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Fruit


If you want to know about me or even contact me for a job, go ahead and fill the form!
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TECNU CORTICOOL- hydrocortisone gel
Tec Laboratories, Inc.
Disclaimer: Most OTC drugs are not reviewed and approved by FDA, however they may be marketed if they comply with applicable regulations and policies. FDA has not evaluated whether this product complies.
Uses
•For the temporary relief of itching associated with minor skin irritations, inflammation and rashes due to:
•poison oak/ivy/sumac •eczema •insect bites •soaps
•detergents •psoriasis •cosmetics •jewelry
•seborrheic dermatitis
•other uses of this product should be only under the advice and supervision of a doctor
Stop use and ask a doctor if:
•condition worsens, or if symptoms persist for more than 7 days or clear up and occur again within a few days, do not use this or any other hydrocortisone unless directed by a doctor
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. If swallowed, get medical help or contact a poison control center right away.
Directions
•
Adults and children 2 years of age and older:
•cleanse skin with soap and water, then dry the affected area
•apply to affected area not more that 3 to 4 times daily; rub thoroughly into skin
•
Children under 2 years of age:
■do not use; consult a doctor
Inactive ingredients
hypromellose, menthol, polyoxyl 35 castor oil, propylene glycol, purified water, SD alcohol 40-B (20% by weight)
Soothing, long-lasting relief
NDC: 51879-110-15
OUTDOOR SOLUTIONS SINCE 1962™
tecnu®
Corticool®
1.0%
Hydrocortisone
Anti-Itch Gel
Instant Absorbing Itch Relief
Cooling
50% MORE than 1 oz.
MAXIMUM STRENGTH
NET WT. 1.5 OZ. (42.53g)
|
TECNU CORTICOOL
hydrocortisone gel | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
| Labeler - Tec Laboratories, Inc. (083647792) |
| Establishment | |||
| Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tec Laboratories, Inc. | 083647792 | manufacture(51879-110) |


Athens is home to a plethora of businesses tailored to the needs of Ohio University students. From restaurants to pharmacies, OU students have the ability to access many resources while still staying close to campus. Despite all the positive assets of the community, there is a severe lack of services and products for people with Afro-textured hair.
Black students and faculty often have to alter their hair styles and routines to the limited supply of products and services Athens offers.
Ohio University alumna @universityhairbraider on Instagram is a 2019 graduate who learned to braid after having to wear headscarves and other protective hairstyles to avoid the hassle of traveling all the way to Columbus for services during her time at OU.
“It’s something … very frustrating when I went to school here,” she said about the lack of access to braiders and stylists in Athens.
Although relatively new to braiding, she was able to hone her craft while in Athens and now works at a salon thanks to her initiative to learn how to braid. She still services people in Athens and offers box braids, faux locs, passion twists and Sengalese twists.
Just like @ohiouniversityhairbraider, London Greer is one of many Black students at OU who have adapted to the absence of resources and services. Greer, a fifth year studying chemical engineering, also learned how to braid during her time in Athens. She knew the seniors she relied on were graduating, and she said she felt she needed to fill that place. Greer learned from her predecessors to ensure the services would continue to be available.
Experimentation was key for Greer when it came to learning how to take care of coarse hair without the access to traditional products. Greer and some others sought out alternative resources that were easier to obtain, like foods from the dining hall.
“If you went to the dining hall that day, and they had avocado or something like that, we took the avocado and made a mask with it. It taught me to be more versatile with how I take care of my hair” —London Greer, an fifth year student studying chemical engineering
“We experimented with deep conditioning, putting Walmart bags on our heads because we don't have the hooded dryer (and) getting more familiar with making concoctions in our room for a hair mask,” Greer said. “If you went to the dining hall that day, and they had avocado or something like that, we took the avocado and made a mask with it. It taught me to be more versatile with how I take care of my hair. That definitely was my first inclination that I need to learn how to do my own hair.”
Although Greer can do all types of braids, she usually does box braids and twists. Both styles can be good for hair health and are relatively easy to maintain. She braids for all genders and said it is common for males to seek twists if they are growing out an afro.
Greer said she likes to think of her skills as a service rather than a business.
“I take payment in multiple different ways,” Greer said. “For instance, if my friend just wants two French braids going back, I'm like, ‘hey, just grab me sushi one day.’  I try to be flexible with who my clients are and who I’m servicing because I know we’re in college. And that was the point of offering up my services … to make it accessible to college students.”
Both Greer and @ohiouniversityhairbraider have used their skills to make protective styles more accessible to the community, but many key products are still missing from the shelves of Athens.
“It was disheartening to go to Sally’s and not see anything for people of color,” Greer said, referencing Sally Beauty, a chain beauty store located on East State Street.
Chaise Brown, a freshman studying psychology, agrees with Greer. Brown buys most of her products from Walmart, but the chain often falls short when it comes to providing hair care products for people with curly, coarse or coiled hair.
“I’m lucky because I use the most basic ethnic hair care ever, Cantu, so I can find that,” Brown said. “But half the time they don’t even have the one thing I need … I’m not going to use a hair mask everyday.”
Greer believes that in order to mend the problem, the Athens community needs to focus on being more welcoming and encouraging to local Black-owned businesses.
“I say that because it's really on the Black business owner to come down to Athens,” Greer said. “Just because Athens may not look as diverse doesn't mean that there isn't diversity in the student population.”
Students are not the only ones who have had to adapt. Just like the people they teach and interact with, staff and faculty also have a limited supply of products that dictate their hair routine and style.
Tamika Williams, the assistant director for career and diversity, equity and inclusion, has lived in the Athens area for five years and has made sacrifices when it comes to taking care of her hair. She has leaned on the services of students in the past in addition to making the drive to Toledo to get her hair braided.
“I would drive three and a half hours to go up, sit for another three hours, and then travel back,” Williams said. “I’m sitting down for 12 hours a day just to get my hair done.”
Williams said she is appreciative of the opening of Sally’s on East State Street, as well as the products available.
“Sally Beauty was a really good addition,” Williams said. “Prior to Sally’s, I would stock up when I went home.”
Williams said she is able to opt for products that are more available, when necessary.
“I can get away with using products that can be considered more traditional white hair care products,” Williams said.
She is unable to experiment with dying her hair as well.
Students have the option to rely on each other when it comes to seeking services like braiding or flat ironing, but some faculty do not have the same options.
“I would drive three and a half hours to go up, sit for another three hours, and then travel back. I’m sitting down for 12 hours a day just to get my hair done.” —Tamika Williams, the assistant director for career and diversity, equity and inclusion
Vanessa Morgan is the assistant director for diversity and inclusion programs at OU, and she has experienced disappointment regarding the resources available in Athens, as well.
“There’s literally no one to do my kind of hair for me,” Morgan said. “I have tried before.  I had an event, imagine that. So I had to quickly get back home and … figure out what I had to do to my hair if I went to my event. There is no one who can really do anything professionally for you.”
Morgan runs the Being Black in College Program, a program that connects Black students to resources on campus and in Athens. She realized that many students of color don’t have access to the hair care products they need, so Morgan and the organization created a drive for hygiene products and hair care products in early June 2021.
“We just ask people to bring the donations that are specific to people of color,” Morgan said. “We put it out there before Juneteenth last year and we advertised it and asked people to bring a donation to the events and people were amazing and they brought stuff.”
The donation station is still available in the Office of Multicultural Success and Retention, located on 31 South Court St. Students may come and go as they please and take what they need free of charge.
Navigating a lack of access is nothing new for Black students and residents in and around Athens.
Marcquis Parham, the interim assistant director of the Career and Leadership Development Center, came to Ohio University in 2002 as a football player.
“When I came to Athens, I learned how to manage and maintenance my own hair,” Parham said. “There were no barbers at the time when I got here.”
Parham said there were two typical options people had to choose between to care for their hair: Either care for it yourself, or drive long distances to get proper care and products. However, Parham chose another option.
“I just stopped cutting my hair altogether, which did not alleviate the problem,”Parham said.
Five decades prior to Parham, students were also facing issues with accessing hair care. Past Black students also had to adapt to limited supplies and services.
Soulful Bobcats: Experiences of African American Students at Ohio University, 1950-1960, by Carl H. Walker and Betty Hollow, features 18 autobiographical excerpts written by Black students and alumni. The accounts present a time in Athens history when the Black community was small, but students banded together to support one another. Throughout the decade, many Black students experienced varying degrees of prejudice, sometimes resulting in physical violence.
The Black students of the ‘50s and ‘60s broke down many barriers. They were the first Black students in OU history to be awarded athletic scholarships, the first to organize Black sectors of Greek Life and the first to star in theatrical productions.
As Black students began to enroll at OU at a steadier rate, there was an increasing demand for someone who could cut curly and coily hair. Although there was a well-known Black barber in Athens at the time, he refused to cut Black students’ hair until the shop closed.
Ohio University President from 1945-1961, John C. Baker, arranged for a barber to be made available to Black students. Unfortunately for these students, the barber was a car ride away in The Plains.
“When I wanted a haircut, I was told by some other colored students that in order to get our hair cut, we had to go to Mr. Thompson’s house out in The Plains,” Lester Nelson Carney, an OU student from 1952-1953 and 1957-1959, wrote in Soulful Bobcats.
Alice Jones Rush graduated in 1957 with a teaching degree, but while at OU, she had to navigate doing her hair herself while living in student housing.
“Being a black young lady in the dormitory was difficult at times because it was hard to keep our hair neat, clean, and straightened. During those days, black women used straightening combs. We would roll up wet towels at the door of our rooms so that the odor of ‘hair frying’ would not permeate the hall,” she wrote in Soulful Bobcats.
A year below Rush, Ejaye Johnson Tracey also spoke on the efforts Black students would take to style their hair, and she said that Black women who lived in the dorms hid their straightening combs from their white dorm mates.
The testimonies from former OU students are reflective of the time period they lived in. However, present-day OU students face a similar barrier today. Students like Greer and employees like Williams are still making the drive to access hair care resources and services because the community they live in does not provide them. Access to hair care is a privilege, and many Black residents still have to fight for that privilege.
According to Parham, little accessibility to essential hair care products and services is just one of the factors that leads to lower retention rates in the Athens community for both students and professionals. He said there is a lack of needs being met at the fundamental level.
Although mending these complex problems takes time, Parham believes there is a step the university can take when it comes to making Athens a more appealing place to live for people of color.
“I believe as an educator and as a stakeholder here at the university that there is no reason why we have not had the discussions around creating a cosmetology program,” he said.
Parham said that hopefully graduates from a program would feel inclined to stay here and open their own business to create a long-standing measure that would help make services more accessible.
Although the barrier of students not being able to find suitable shampoo may seem simple, it is rooted in a deeper problem. Many Black students and faculty, past and present, feel Athens and OU need to better serve the needs of people who make up the minority. Parham said the obligation of providing services and resources should not fall on the individual, but rather the community as a whole.
“They definitely have a responsibility to create fundamental change from the top down,” Parham said.


Capture your memories through a lens
Adams Photography is ran by Adams Echwa who is based in Nairobi.Offers weddings, adventure, nature and more. He has a fun yet soulful vibe, and appreciates to his core what he gets to capture.His Mom being an artist, taught and inspired him to follow his artistic ways.Adams Photography is an established, well known award winning brand and the website reflects the quality of his work.
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Authentication
-
The
MAPLoginManager
class manages the authentication of Mapillary. The signIn method starts the authentication loop. It requires two values to be defined in your application.plist
file:- MapillaryClientId
- MapillaryCallbackUrl
You need to register your app at mapillary.com to enter the redirect URL and also to obtain a client ID. Your app must also support the custom URL scheme defined in
MapillaryCallbackUrl
.See moreSee
MAPApplicationDelegate


To Manage/View a company or a customer, press the designate navigation tabs above.
Company can be added, edited or deleted via 'Manage Companies' tab.
Customer can be added, edited or deleted via 'Manage Customers' tab.


When Balthisar Tidy Tidy’s a document, it’s very likely that Tidy will generate messages. These messages appear in the area labeled “Tidy Messages” in the document window.
The three columns indicate potentially useful types of information for resolving HTML problems.
If you select one of the rows in this Tidy Messages table, you will find that Balthisar Tidy conveniently highlights the problem position in the Source HTML view for you, as illustrated below:


"Pulp Fiction" (1994)
A Film Review by Jason Wallis
"Pulp Fiction" * * * * (out of four)
Starring John Travolta, Samuel L. Jackson, Uma Thurman, Harvey Keitel, Tim Roth, Amanda Plummer, Maria de Medeiros, Ving Rhames, Eric Stoltz, Rosanna Arquette, Christopher Walken, Bruce Willis and Quentin Tarantino Directed by Quentin Tarantino
When Quentin Tarantino made "Pulp Fiction", he was not only making the greatest film of the 90s; he was also making what I believe to be the most influential movie of all time. But before you send me hate-mail for not giving that title to "Citizen Kane", hear me out.
Much like "Citizen Kane", "Pulp Fiction" has changed movie making forever. But I think the latter has had a tad more impact. "Pulp Fiction" has actually ushered in a new era of film making. It has altered the way films will be viewed. "Fiction" has spawned so many imitations, I've lost count. Sure, some have been excellent ("Bound" and "The Usual Suspects" spring immediately to mind), but any serious movie-goer recognizes "Pulp Fiction" as the original neo-noir of the 90s. In this review, I hope to change all the people's minds who have criticized it for it's excessive profanity and violence (which, by the way, isn't really that graphic).
The most brilliant aspect of Tarantino's masterpiece is the screenplay. It is filled with so much classic dialogue (the "Quarter Pounder with Cheese" speech will go down in history), it should be required reading for any film student, if it isn't already.
The story (told in unorthodox non-linear format) centers around three main episodes, all of which eventually intertwine. The first, titled "Vincent Vega and Marcellus Wallace's Wife", deals with a very loaded John Travolta (I forgot to mention the cool heroin shoot-up sequence) taking Mia Wallace (a star-making performance by Uma Thurman), his bosses wife, out on a date to a cool 50s restaurant called Jack Rabbit Slim's. They talk for a while (with the occasional "uncomfortable silence"), mostly about a guy called Tony Rocky Horror. After giving Marcellus' new bride a foot massage, he was thrown off a building and into a greenhouse, giving him a "speech impediment". They also partake in a cool dance contest and end up twisting to the Chuck Berry classic "You Never Can Tell". I won't reveal the rest of the story, but I'll definitely say that it turns out to be a real bummer of a night, despite the cool trophy they win.
The second story (the least of the three but still four stars) stars Bruce Willis (proving he can play someone other than John McClain in the "Die Hard" flicks) as boxer Butch Coolidge. Previously in the film (like I said, it's told in non-linear form), he had made a deal with Marcellus Wallace that he would take a fall in a match. As it turns out, he not only doesn't take the fall, but he ends up actually killing his opponent. He takes a cab to his half-witted girlfriend's apartment, and to make a long story short, ends up going back to his own place to retrieve a gold watch, sort of a family heirloom explained by Christopher Walken in a hilarious flash-back sequence. On his way home, he bumps into (literally) Marcellus. The two winde up prisoner to two hillbilly sex murderers, which results in the infamous "Gimp" scene, which is very reminicent of the "squeal like a pig!" scene from "Deliverance".
The last (and best, in my opinion) of the episodes features John Travolta (again) and Samuel L. Jackson (in the best performance of any supporting actor ever) as two slightly off-kilter hitmen trying to rid themselves of a bloody car. They seek help with a friend of Jackson's (played by the Q-man himself), desperately in need of a Stress Ball. They end up calling a "cleaner" of sorts, played by the god among men Harvey Keitel, to help them out. In the end, the story brilliantly loops around itself, actually ending where it began.
If you haven't already seen the film (or even if you have, for that matter), I suggest you invest your money in a copy of the letterbox collectors edition. It features two previously unreleased scenes and the original film restored how it was originally meant to be seen. Earlier today, I bought this version and watched it a few hours ago. What the pan-and-scan did to this movie is inexcusable. That version cut out, like, half the movie. What I have missed in the past years of viewing this flick is amazing. For instance, when Travolta and Jackson are in the apartment near the end, the widescreen version allows you to see that several things on the walls make crosses. This might help explain the divine intervention that takes place. Just a theory...
One of the things that pisses people off so much about this movie is that Tarantino borrowed alot of scenes from other movies (i.e. "Psycho" "Kiss Me Deadly", "Deliverance", etc.). But why shouldn't he? It's not like he out-right and blatantly stole. Give the guy a break.
In case you haven't already noticed, I believe "Pulp Fiction" is a supremely excellent film and one of the best of all time (up there with such greats as "Casablanca" and "The Godfather"). Trust me, you will not see a better film come out of the 90s.
Note: If anyone knows how I could get a "Bad Motherfucker" wallet, please e-mail me. Any help would be greatly appreciated.
Visit Jason Wallis' "Filmaholics Anonymous" web page at http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Boulevard/7475
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