This is our first paragraph.
This is our second paragraph. And it consists of multiple lines. The lines can be hard-wrapped. A blank line should end the paragraph.

A few lines from a Jackson Browne song.
####### A Level 7 Heading?
The following code should not produce any headings.
RV Site #7. $25/night.
Cabin #1 or #2 $65/night.
#1 no pets, 20 amp electrical, can park trailer there.
#2 pets OK. $20 pet fee arrive before 4:30PM on Friday.
And what happens now?
This is an ordinary paragraph.
This is a second sentence.
#7 is a good bet for this race.
And this is just another paragraph.
This is an ordered list.
And this is another.
And this is a third.
This is a list with spaces and tabs.
This is an unordered list with items wrapped in paragraph tags.
First paragraph.
Second Paragraph.
Third paragraph.
This is an ordered list with items wrapped in paragraph tags.
First
Second
Third
Let’s try some hanging indents.
And without:
This is a list with items containing multiple paragraphs.
Let’s start a new list.
But we have lots to say about this first item.
And a lot more as well….
And here’s a 2nd item in the same list.
And here’s a list with paragraphs and hard returns.
Here’s our first item.
Here’s a second paragraph. And it’s a long one. It just keeps going and going.
And here’s a second item.
Here is an unordered list:
Following are some sample definitions.
And so much for our definition list.
Here are HTML blockquotes.
The job of management is to maintain an equitable and working balance among the claims of the various directly affected interest groups... stockholders, employees, customers and the public at large.
This is a regular line.
This is a quoted line.
A longer quote follows:
The job of management is to maintain an equitable and working balance among the claims of the various directly affected interest groups… stockholders, employees, customers and the public at large.
A longer quote with hard line breaks follows:
The job of management is to maintain an equitable and working balance among the claims of the various directly affected interestgroups… stockholders, employees, customers and the public atlarge.
Following is a two-paragraph block quote.
Here is the first paragraph. Isn’t it grand? I don’t know what you think, but I feel that it’s just about perfect.
And here’s a second paragraph.
Here’s what I think.
Here’s what Joe thought.
Here’s what Sally thought.
Here’s what Judy said.
This is a quoted header.
- This is a quoted list.
- The 2nd item in the list.


Thank you for purchasing
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ASCII Booth takes a nostalgic piece of old technology—the dot matrix printer—and recontextualizes it as an instant ASCII art selfie booth.
Related project: Dublab
Category: Interactive installation, creative technology
Collaborators: Ali Torbati, Alejandro Cohen
Year: 2019
After finishing my Dublab concept project, I hit up Mark and Ale and arranged a visit to the Dublab studio to share the work. Unfortunately, they had announced a new brand and website exactly the same time I had finished my project. But they liked the energy, and I was eager to make something real.
Ale loved the dot matrix printer but wasn’t convinced by the poster generator. He asked if we could turn it into a photo booth. I didn’t know how we would, but I said yes.
The ASCII art is both aesthetic and functional. Dot matrix printers are designed for printing plain text documents. I learned from my previous project that printing anything else was incredibly slow, and forcing people to wait too long for their photo to print wasn’t ideal. I also learned that plain text printing worked only from a Windows machine.
The interface shows you what will print. It converts the webcam image to text using JavaScript, and pauses and downloads the current page as a text file when a button is pressed. I styled the page in CSS.
What you don’t see is the footer. Since the whole thing is text, there’s a unique built-in opportunity for messaging: event name, time stamp, sponsors, secret codes, and ASCII logos. The footer can be changed for each event.
I built the booth out of MDF to fit the dimensions of the printer. A set of caster wheels at the bottom makes it easy to transport. The booth is built like a shelving unit, with flat shelves for the laptop and printer, and a drawer in between to house the button and hide the Arduino and wiring behind it.
The ArtCenter Grad Show is a chance for hardworking students to display the work they feel best represents them, and hopefully will land them a job. I am interested in both graphic design and interaction, and wanted to show something event-specific with a personalized take-away. Who needs another tote bag?
It was the most Instagrammed part of the grad show and there were crowds around for the whole event. For me, seeing the genuine excitement of participants was the best part of the weekend.
The Grad Show was also the first real user testing for the booth. For the Dublab event, Ali joined me, and here are some of the problems we solved:
Dublab has expressed interest in doing more events. A permanent home in a public/retail space would be great, too.
With a larger budget, the booth 2.0 would:


We highly recommend that all orders include in a cold pack container. This is essential during summer months and highly recommended during winter months. Only one container is required per order.


When I was 20, I suffered from migraines. I attribute their onset to a battle with an anxiety disorder I was suffering [see “
Terror Blossom”]. I have heard a number of theories about migraines; the one that seems to fit for now is that repressed rage can be a root cause. I think I am exorcising repressed rage, so this is the theory I’m currently working with. After all, these are all stories we tell ourselves; maybe 200 years ago I would have thought that the migraines were evidence that I was possessed by demons.  I don’t care. My theories on my migraines are part of my own personal mythology and not substantiated with hard data, but for the purposes of this story and my life, they work.
I was at university, and consulted a neurologist at Student Health for my complaints. My neurologist, a clearly physically unhealthy woman who barely talked to me, prescribed several meds to help keep the migraines at bay: propranolol (a beta blocker) as a prophylactic, ergotamine once I felt a migraine coming on, and Fiorinal as an analgesic once one hit. She also made me quit my oral contraceptives, because a woman can be at higher risk of stroke if she suffers from migraines and is on birth control pills.
I dropped down to 9 hours of classes. I felt utterly out of control and depressed by my dependency on my meds. I was constantly scanning my mental and physical landscape for signs of a possible migraine. When one hit, I would sometimes throw up from the pain. I developed a tolerance to Fiorinal, and generally felt like a slave to the meds. It was demoralizing. One day I followed my intuition and stopped taking all the meds. (I know now this is not recommended for beta blockers but I didn’t know that then.) I started to feel better. I still occasionally felt that grip of fear, the “oh no! is one coming on?” feeling of loss of control, but these were becoming infrequent, and I could generally control them. I didn’t feel I had truly gotten a grip on my migraines until I discovered nitrous oxide.
I had been afraid of nitrous, because the one experience I had had with it was during a painful dental procedure at the age of 16. I got nausea and the spins so bad that I violently wretched. I had a bad association with nitrous.  My attitude about it changed after that. The next day I had access to unlimited balloons. This is where I feel I “cured” myself of migraines.
I was sitting out on a blanket in the sun. I had breathed in about three large breaths of nitrous, making sure to get enough oxygen in between. And then I felt it, the familiar feeling in my head that spelled out, “MIGRAINE COMING ON.” Only this time, rather than being accompanied by the “oh shit!” and the fear response, I objectively felt the sensation as just that, a physical sensation in my head. I dissociated it from the pain and fear. I “unhooked” the response from the trigger. It felt like a revelation, a delightful liberating feeling. For so long I had anticipated migraines that I was conditioned to fear them. This conditioning was erased with one session of nitrous oxide.
I still get the funny sensation in my head, and I really wish I knew what it was. Sometimes it feels like it’s pulsing, like a vein. I don’t know what it is. But I don’t think I’ll get migraines again.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/144837-PR-reviews/topic/.23886.20presheaves.html ---
@Reid Barton, any thoughts on the presheaf PR? If you don't like the direction it's going, it would be good to hear, as I'm hoping to add a more stuff building on it (in other PRs), hoping the convince the perfectoid-ists to use some category theory. :-)
Also, perhaps independently on how we eventually do presheaves on spaces and bundled presheaves on spaces, there's the question of where these files go. In the current PR they are in category_theory
, which is clearly wrong. Shall we finally open the algebraic_geometry
directory? :-)
It's looking pretty good to me.
I still wonder whether it might make things easier to axiomatize the structure of the assignment opens
Great, good to hear. I think I'd like to slice it into some smaller files --- a first file for unbundled presheaves on spaces, and then a second file for the bundled version. Shall I do this on this PR still?
You mean do sites already?
Pseudofunctor from Top
to "categories" (unboxed)
oh, I see
I've been terrified of opening the pseudofunctor can of worms.
I predict it will either make things easier or harder :)
:-)
I agree that it is unlikely to make things stay the same.
It would be lovely if it got easier. :-)
You basically defined most of the structure in the PR already, I think
but I don't know whether you're relying on the coherence conditions being satisfied definitionally
Yes, this is exactly where all my simp, dsimp, simp, dsimp, simp, dammit, erw ...
pains come from.
I would really like @[simp] lemma map_id_obj {X : Top.{u}} (U : opens X) : (map (𝟙 X)).obj U = U := rfl
but that is just not true. If you case
bash on U
, it becomes true.
In a slightly different direction, I can define
def presheaf_of_functions_to (T : Top.{v}) : presheaf_on_space (Type v) X := (opens.as_Top X).op ⋙ (yoneda.obj T)
which strikes me as very pleasant. (Here def as_Top (X : Top.{u}): opens X ⥤ Top := ...
.)
When I want to do presheaves of maps into a TopCommRing
, however, I will need
def not_yoneda : TopCommRing ⥤ (Topᵒᵖ ⥤ TopCommRing)
What is the right level of abstraction for doing this?
or is that just nonsense?
...
I don't understand what the math is supposed to be there
you have a target topological commutative ring, let's say R
(the reals)
then continuous maps from a topological space to R form a ring, but what topology do you want to give it?
I guess I had in mind the compact-open, but probably it is unnecessary to even think about the topology.
I just want def not_yoneda : TopCommRing ⥤ (Topᵒᵖ ⥤ CommRing)
.
Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


Resume
Anderson M. Melanie 5500 Wabash Ave. Terre Haute, In 47803 CM 1513<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|<PHONE_NUMBER>
Objective:
To obtain a summer internship related to Software Engineering
Education:
Bachelor of Science, Software Engineering May 2024 Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre HauteRelated Courses:
Intro to Software Development Object Oriented programming, Intro to Digital Electronics, Intro to Systems Programming
Programming Languages:
JavaScript, Python, Java, C
Experience:
Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology September 2020 Mail Distribution Center
- Process and Distribute packages
- Sort mail in campus mailboxes
Walmart Stores Inc., Hammond, IN May 2020– August 2020 Cashier
- Interact with and help customers
- Master register functions
- Manage money


Mr.nelson mba. First Atlantic Bank PLC 4/6 Adetokunbo Ademola Street P. O. Box 75369 Victoria Island, Lagos-Nigeria website: <www.firstatlanticbank.com> I Am Mr.nelson mba, in charge of bills and foreign exchange remittance Department of First Atlantic Bank Plc. I am writing you this letter to ask for your support and co-operation to carry out this business opportunity in my department. We discovered an unclaimed sum of $24.5Million (Twenty-four million five hundred thousand dollars) in an account belonging to one of our customer,(Mr.Kurt Kahle. Age 51) who died in a plane crash (Concorde Airlines Flight AF4590)with his 37-year-old wife and son Michael, aged eight. on Monday, 31 July, 2000, 13:22 GMT 14:22 UK Please view this site and read it's content carefully. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/859479.st Since we got information about his death we have been expecting his next of kin to come over and claim his money. Unfortunately,neither the family nor the relation has appeared to claim this money. We cannot release this money unless somebody applies as the next of kin or relation to the deceased. Our banking guidelines indicated that if such money remained unclaimed for a period of Six (6) years, it would be transferred into the First Atlantic Bank Treasury as unclaimed fund. Another officer and I in the department now decided to transfer this money into your account as the next of kin or relation of the deceased for easy collection since nobody is coming for it and we dont want this money to go back into the bank treasury as an unclaimed fund. Infact it is my friend that advised me to urgently arrange to transfer out this money through another foreign beneficiary outside the country.Upon your acceptance to this proposal,we have also agreed on a sharing Ration: 1.30% for you as the account owner 2.60% for I and my colleagues 3.10% will be set aside to defray all incidental expenses both locally and internationally during the cause of this transaction. Furthermore we shall be coming over to your country when the money is finanlly in your account and we shall be relying on your advise as regards,to investment of our share,be informed that this transaction is genuine and 100% risk free considering the top level bank officials involved. As you know that I enjoy good office here with the bank and I will use my personality to make the official application on your behalf for approval of this money into your nominated account thereby having the banktransfer this money into your bank account. I will advice that you furnish me with the necessary details for me to make the official application of claim on your behalf as the next of kin and beneficiary of this money with out wasting time Here are the details I will need to make the application. (1)Your Full Name. (2)Your Contact Address. (3)Bank Name & Address (4)Your phone & Fax Number for effective communication. (5)Age, Religion & Occupation. This is to effect the swift transfer of this fund into your account in less than (7) working days. Waiting for your urgent response Regards, Mr nelson mba. PLS REPLY TO (nelson_mba@excite.com)


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The Wieting Theatre
The Wieting’s schedule is subject to change without notice. Please check often for updates!
Thank you to the following organizations for supporting the Wieting thru a very difficult year:
- Iowa Department of Cultural Affairs
- The Iowa Economic Development Authority
- Arts Midwest
Thank you Michelle Evans for connecting the Wieting with these wonderful organizations, and for all you do!


I had been hard on him telling him he couldn’t have a piece of cake in the café unless he walked.


PayMaya: Users can now send to 40 banks
by Darwin G. AmojelarPayMaya Philippines Inc. said its users can now send money to over 40 local banks and financial institutions that can receive money via InstaPay.
“This new feature will definitely make it easier for PayMaya account holders to manage their money conveniently,” said PayMaya president Shailesh Baidwan.
“Whether they’re sending money to an online seller or transferring money from one of their bank accounts to another, everything is instant and seamless with PayMaya’s new Send Money to Bank feature,” he added.
The new feature is also in accordance with the efforts of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas to increase the percentage of digital transactions in the country to 20 percent by the year 2020, under the National Retail Payment System.
Earlier, PayMaya said it expected transaction volume to reach by 2023 as e-wallet account penetration was growing faster in the Philippines.


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Dirk Schnelle-Walka Deborah Dahl, Conversational Technologies
Copyright © 2019-2021 the Contributors to the Voice Interaction Community Group, published by the Voice Interaction Community Group under the W3C Community Contributor License Agreement (CLA). A human-readable summary is available.
This documents describes a general architecture of Intelligent Personal Assistants and explores the potential for standardization. It is meant to be a first structured exploration of Intelligent Personal Assistants by idenitifying the components and their tasks. Subsequent work is expected to detail the interaction among the identified components and how they ought to perform their task as well as their actual tasks respectively. This document may need to be updated if any changes result of that detailing work. It extends and refines the description of the previous version Architecture and Potential for Standardization Version 1.0
This specification was published by the Voice Interaction Community Group. It is not a W3C Standard nor is it on the W3C Standards Track. Please note that under the W3C Community Contributor License Agreement (CLA) there is a limited opt-out and other conditions apply. Learn more about W3C Community and Business Groups.
Comments should be sent to the Voice Interaction Community Group public mailing list (public-voiceinteraction@w3.org), archived at https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-voiceinteraction
Intelligent Personal Assistants (IPAs) are now available in our daily lives through our smart phones. Apple’s Siri, Google Assistant, Microsoft’s Cortana, Samsung’s Bixby and many more are helping us with various tasks, like shopping, playing music, setting a schedule, sending messages, and offering answers to simple questions. Additionally, we equip our households with smart speakers like Amazon’s Alexa or Google Home which are available without the need to pick up explicit devices for these sorts of tasks or even control household appliances in our homes. As of today, there is no interoperability among the available IPA providers. Especially for exchanging learned user behaviors this is unlikely to happen at all.
Furthermore, in addition to these general-purpose assistants, there are also specialized virtual assistants which are able to provide their users with in-depth information which is specific to an enterprise, government agency, school, or other organization. They may also have the ability to perform transactions on behalf of their users, such as purchasing items, paying bills, or making reservations. Because of the breadth of possibilities for these specialized assistants, it is imperative that they be able to interoperate with the general-purpose assistants. Without this kind of interoperability, enterprise developers will need to re-implement their intelligent assistants for each major generic platform.
This document is a first step in our strategy for IPA standardization. It describes a general architecture of IPAs and explores the potential areas for standardization. It focuses on voice as the major input modality. However, the overall concept is not restricted to voice but also covers purely text based interactions with so-called chatbots as well as interaction using multiple modalities. Conceptually, the authors also define executing actions in the user's environment, like turning on the light, as a modality. This means that components that deal with speech recognition, natural language understanding or speech synthesis will not necessarily be available in these deployments. In case of chatbots, speech components will be omitted. In case of multimodal interaction, interaction modalities may be extended by components to recognize input from the respective modality, transform it into something meaningful and vice-versa to generate output in one or more modalities. Some modalities may be used as output-only, like turning on the light, while other modalities may be used as input-only, like touch.
Currently, users are mainly using the IPA Provider that is shipped with a certain piece of hardware. Thus, selection of a smart phone manufacturer actually determines which IPA implementation they are using. Switching among different IPA providers also involves switching the manufacturer, which requires high costs and getting used to a new user interface specific to the new manufacturer. On the one hand users should have more freedom in selecting the IPA implementation they want. However, they are bound to use the service that is available in that implementation but which may not be what they necessarily prefer. On the other hand, IPA providers, which mainly produce the software, must also function as hardware manufacturers to be successful. Finally, manufacturers also have to take care to port existing services to their platform. Standardization would clearly lower the needed efforts for porting and thus reduce costs.
In order to explore the potential for standardization, a typical usage scenario is described in the following section.
This section describes potential usages of IPAs.
A user would like to plan a trip to an international conference and she needs visa information and airline reservations. She will give the intelligent personal assistant (IPA) her visa information (her citizenship, where she is going, purpose of travel, etc.) and it will respond by telling her the documentation she needs, how long the process will take and what the cost will be. This may require the personal assistant to consult with an auxiliary web service or another personal assistant that knows about visas.
Once the user has found out about the visa, she tells the IPA that she wants to make airline reservations. She specifies her dates of travel and airline preferences and the IPA then interacts with her to find appropriate flights.
A similar process will be repeated if the user wants to book a hotel, find a rental car, or find out about local attractions in the destination city. Booking a hotel as part of attending a conference could also involve finding out about a designated conference hotel or special conference rates, which, again, could require interaction with the hotel or the conference's IPA's.
Roles like user, developer, IPA supplier will be added in a future version of this document
In order to cope with such use cases as those described above an IPA follows the general design concepts of a voice user interface, as can be seen in Figure 1.
This architecture aims at serving, among others, the following most popular high-level use cases for IPAs
Not all components may be needed for actual implementations, some may be omitted completely. However, we note them here to provide a more complete picture. This architecture comprises three layers that are detailed in the following sections
Actual implementations may want to distinguish more than these layers. The assignment to the layers is not considered to be strict so that some of the components may be shifted to other layers as needed. This view only reflects a view that the Community Group regard as ideal and to show the intended separation of concerns.The Client Layer contains the main components that interface with the user. The following figure details the view onto the Client Layer shown in Figure 1.
The microphone is used to capture the voice input of a user as a primary input modality. Additional input modalities can be employed that provide their input similarly with a specific modality recognizer. Additional input may be gathered from Local Data Providers
The loud speaker is used to output replies as verbal auditory output in the shape of spoken utterances as a primary output modality. Utterances may be accompanied by nonverbal auditory output such as
Additional output modalities can be employed that render their output similarly with a specific modality synthesizer.
It is not always required that a verbal auditory output is made as a reply to a user. The user can also become aware of the output as a consequence of an osbervable action as a result of a Local Service or an External Services call. In these cases an additional nonverbal auditory output may be considered.
The Client Activation Strategy defines how the client gets activated to be ready to receive spoken commands as input. In turn the Microphone is opened for recording. Client Activation Strategies are not exclusive but may be used concurrently. The most common activation strategies are described in the table below
| Client Activation Strategy | Description |
|---|---|
| Push-to-talk | The user explicitly triggers the start of the client by means of a physical or on-screen button or its equivalent in a client application. |
| Hotword | In this case, the user utters a predefined word or phrase to activate the client by voice. This hotword is usually not part of the spoken command that is passed for further evaluation. |
| ... | ... |
The usage of hotwords includes privacy aspects. Streaming to the components outside the user's control should be avoided, hence detection of hotwords should ideally happen locally. With regard to nested usage of IPAs that may feature their own hotwords, the detection of hotwords might be required to be extensible.
A registry for all Local Services and Local Data Providers that can be accessed by the client
Local services can be used to execute local actions in the user's local environment. Examples include turning on the light or starting an application, for instance a navigation system in a car.
Local Data Providers capture input that is accessible in the user's local environment. They can be used to provide additional input to the IPA Client or to provide additional information that is needed to execute services. An example for the latter is the state of the light, either turned on or turned off.
Handling in case the call is forwarded to a nested IPA will be discussed in future versions of this document.
The Dialog Layer contains the main components to drive the interaction with the user. The following figure details the view of the Dialog Layer shown in Figure 1.
The general IPA Service API that mediates between the user and the overall IPA system. The service layer may be omitted in case the IPA Client communicates directly with Dialog Management. However, this is not recommended as it may contradict the principle of separation-of-concerns. It has the following characteristics
The Dialog Management is a component that receives semantic information determined from user input, updates its internal state, decides upon subsequent steps to continue a dialog and provides output, mainly as synthesized or recorded utterances. Conceptually the dialog manager defines the playground that is used by the Dialogs. Both contribute to the user experience. The Dialog Manager has the following characteristics
A Dialog Strategy is a conceptualization of a dialog for an operationalization in a computer system. It defines the representation of the dialog's state and respective operations to process and generate events relevant to the interaction. This specification is agnostic to the employed Dialog Strategy. Examples of dialog strategy include
| Dialog Strategy | Example |
|---|---|
| State-based | State Chart XML (SCXML): State Machine Notation for Control Abstraction |
| Frame-based | Voice Extensible Markup Language (VoiceXML) 2.1 |
| Plan-based | Information State Update |
| ... | ... |
During the interaction with a user all kinds of information are collected and managed in the so-called conversation context or dialog context. It contains all the short and long term information needed to handle a conversation. It also serves for context-based reasoning with the help of the Knowledge Graph and to generate output for the output to the user NLG. It is not possible to capture each and every aspect of what context should comprise as discussions about context are likely to end up in trying to explain the world. For the sake of this specification it should be possible to deal with the following characteristics
The Dialog History mainly stores the past dialog events per user. Dialog events include users’ transcriptions, semantic interpretations and resulting actions. Thus, it has information how the user reacted in the past and knows her preferences. The history may also be used to resolve anaphoric references in the NLU.
A knowledge graph to reason about entities and intents. This may be received from the detected input from the NLU or Data Providers to come up with some more meaningful data matching the current task better. One example is the use of the name of a person as a navigation target as a person usually has an address that qualifies to be used in navigation tasks.
The Automated Speech Recognizer (ASR) receives audio streams of recorded utterances and generates a recognition hypothesis as text strings. Conceptually, ASR is a modality recognizer for speech. It has the following characteristics
An NLU (Natural Language Understanding) component that is able to extract meaning as intents and associated entities from an utterance as text strings. It has the following characteristics
The natural language generation (NLG) component is responsible for preparing the natural language text that represents the system’s output.
The Text-to-Speech (TTS) component receives text strings, which it converts into audio data. Conceptually, the TTS is a modality specific renderer for speech. It has the following characteristics
Dialogs support interaction with the user. They include Core Dialogs, which are built into the system, and provide basic interactions, as well as more specialized dialogs which support additional functionality.
The Core Dialog are logical entities that are able to handle basic functionality via Core Intent Sets to enable interaction with the user at all. This includes among others
| Core Dialog | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Greeting | Welcome the user and and prepare for intial input. |
| Help | The user asked for more guidance. |
| Goodybye | Terminate the interaction with the user. |
| Service not available | The dialog relies on reaching out for a specific service but was not able to reach it, e.g. because of connection issues. |
| Intent not known | The Provider Selection Service returned an intent that can not be handled by a corresponding Dialog. |
| No input | The user did not say anything within a predefined timespan |
| Error | An unknown error occurred |
| Transfer to external IPA Provider | Notify the user that the following dialog steps will be handled outside the scope of this IPA. |
| ... | ... |
Conceptually, the Core Dialog is a special Dialog as described in the following section that is always available.
A Dialog is able to handle functionality that can be added to the capabilities of the Dialog Management through its associated Intent Sets. Dialogs are logical entities within the overall description of the interaction with the user, executed by the Dialog Management. Dialogs must serve different purposes in the sense that they are unique for a certain task. E.g., only a single flight reservation dialog may exist at a time. Dialogs have the following characteristics
A Core Intent Set usually identifies tasks to be executed and defines the capabilities of the Core Dialog. Conceptually, the Core Intent Sets are Intent Sets that are always available.
Intent Sets define actions along with their parameters that can be consumed by a corresponding Dialog and have the following characteristics
The Dialog X's are able to handle functionality that can be added to the capabilities of the Dialog Manager through their associated Intent Set X. A Dialog X extends the Core Dialogs and add functionality by custom Dialogs. The Dialog X's must server different purposes in a sense that they are unique for a certain task. E.g., only a single flight reservation dialog may exist at a time. They have the same characteristics as a Dialog.
An Intent Set X is a special Intent Set that identifies tasks that can be executed within the associated Dialog X.
The Dialog Registry manages all available Dialogs with their associated Intent Sets with respect to the current Dialog Strategy. This means, it is the Dialog Registry that would know which Dialog to use for a given intent. For some Dialog Strategy this component may be omitted as it is taken over by the Dialog Management. One of these cases is when the Dialog Strategies does not allow for the dynamic handling of Dialogs as described below.
A service that provides access to all known Data Providers, External Services and IPA Providers. This service also maps the IPA Intent Sets to the Intent Sets in the Dialog layer. It has the following characteristics
The provider selection strategy may be implemented for example as one of the following options or a combination thereof to determine a list of IPA Providers candidates.
A registry for all IPA Providers that can be accessed. It has the following characteristics
A registry that knows how to access the known IPA Providers, i.e., which are available and credentials to access them. Storing of credentials must meet security and trust considerations that are expected from such a personalized service. It has the following characteristics
Data Providers obtain data from various sources for use in the interaction.
A data provider to get data to be used in the Dialog, e.g. as a result of a query. It has the following characteristics
External Services provide data that can be obtained from sources outside of the system; for example, data obtained from a third-party web service.
A specific External Service, which provides data to be used for a particular application. An application can use multiple External Services.
IPA providers provide IPA's that can interact with users in an application.
A provider of an IPA service, like
The IPA provider may be part of the IPA implementation as an IPA Provider or alternatively a subset of the original functionaliy as described below as part of another IPA implementation.
An NLU component that is able to extract meaning as intents and associated entities from an utterance as text strings for IPA Provider X. It has the following characteristics
An Intent Set that might be returned by the Provider NLU to handle the capabilities of IPA Provider X.
The previous sections showed a more detailed view onto the architectural buildings blocks. A general overview comprising these detailing is shown in the following figure.
This section needs to be updated to match the changes as introduced above.
This section expands on the use case above, filling in details according to the sample architecture.
A user would like to plan a trip to an international conference and she needs visa information and airline reservations.
The user starts by asking a general purpose assistant (IPA Client, on the left of the diagram) about what the visa requirements are for her situation. For a common situation, such as citizens of the EU traveling to the United States, the IPA is able to answer the question directly from one of its dialogs 1-n getting the information from a web service that it knows about via the corresponding Data Provider. However, for less common situations (for example, a citizen of South Africa traveling to Japan), the generic IPA will try to identify a visa expert assistant application from the dialog registry. If it finds one, it will connect the user with the visa expert, one of the IPA providers on the right side. The visa expert will then engage in a dialog with the user to find out the dates and purposes of travel and will inform the user of the visa process.
Once the user has found out about the visa, she tells the IPA that she wants to make airline reservations. If she wants to use a particular service, or use a particular airline, she would say something like "I want to book a flight on American". The IPA will then either connect the user with American's IPA or, if American doesn't have an IPA, will inform the user of that fact. On the other hand, if the user doesn't specify an airline, the IPA will find a general flight search IPA from its registry and connect the user with the IPA for that flight search service. The flight search IPA will then interact with the user to find appropriate flights.
A similar process would be repeated if the user wants to book a hotel, find a rental car, find out about local attractions in the destination city, etc. Booking a hotel could also involve interacting with the conference's IPA to find out about a designated conference hotel or special rates.
This section provides a detailed walkthrough that aligns the steps in the use case interaction with the architecture. It covers only the part from the example above tha the user asks for a flight travel with a dedicated airline. This very basic example assums that this is the first request to IPA and that there is a suitable dialog ready that matches the user's request. It may also vary, e.g., depending on the used Dialog Strategy and other optional items that may actually result in different flows. The walkthrough is split into two parts for the input path and for the output path.
The general architecture of IPAs described in this document should be detailed in subsequent documents. Further work must be done to
| Component | Potentially related standards |
|---|---|
| IPA Client | |
| IPA Service | none |
| Dialog Management | |
| TTS | |
| ASR | |
| Core Dialog | |
| Core Intent Set | none |
| Dialog Registry | |
| Provider Selection Service | none |
| Accounts/Authentication | |
| NLU | |
| World Knowledge | |
| Data Provider | none |
The table above is not meant to be exhaustive nor does it claim that the identified standards are suited for IPA implementations. They must be analyzed in more detail in subsequent work. The majority are starting points for further refinement. For instance, the authors consider it unlikely that VoiceXML will actually be used in IPA implementations.
Out of scope of a possible standardization is the implementation inside the IPA Providers and potential interoperability among them. However, it eases the the integration of their exposed services or even allow to use services across different providers. Actual IPA providers may make use of any upcoming standard to enhance their deployments as a marketplace of intelligent services.
| Abbreviation | Description |
|---|---|
| ASR | Automated Speech Recognition |
| NLG | Natural Language Generation |
| NLU | Natural Language Understanding |
| TTS | Text to Speech |


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| The picture "Le coq mécanisé" is courtesy of Lilia Anisimova |
These lecture notes are the result of the author's personal experience
of learning how to structure formal reasoning using the Coq proof assistant and employ Coq in
large-scale research projects. The present manuscript offers a brief
and practically-oriented introduction to the basic concepts of
mechanized reasoning and interactive theorem proving.
The primary audience of the manuscript are the readers with expertise
in software development and programming and knowledge of discrete
mathematic disciplines on the level of an undergraduate university
program. The high-level goal of the course is, therefore, to
demonstrate how much the rigorous mathematical reasoning and
development of robust and intellectually manageable programs have in
common, and how understanding of common programming language concepts
provides a solid background for building mathematical abstractions and
proving theorems formally. The low-level goal of this course is to
provide an overview of the Coq proof assistant, taken in its both
incarnations: as an expressive functional programming language with
dependent types and as a proof assistant providing support for
mechanized interactive theorem proving.
By aiming these two goals, this manuscript is, thus, intended to
provide a demonstration how the concepts familiar from the mainstream
programming languages and serving as parts of good programming
practices can provide illuminating insights about the nature of
reasoning in Coq's logical foundations and make it possible to reduce
the burden of mechanical theorem proving. These insights will
eventually give the reader a freedom to focus solely on the
essential part of the formal development instead of fighting
with the proof assistant in futile attempts to encode the "obvious"
mathematical intuition.
@misc{Sergey:PnP, author = {Ilya Sergey}, title = {{Programs and Proofs: Mechanizing Mathematics with Dependent Types}}, month = {August}, year = {2014}, note = {Lecture notes with exercises}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.4996238} }


Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: Selected Works
by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
The Occultation of Orion
Additional Information
- Year Published: 1866
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: United States of America
- Source: Longfellow, H.W. (1866) The Complete Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Boston, Massachusetts: Ticknor & Fields
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 9.0
- Word Count: 467
- Genre: Poetry
- ✎ Cite This
Downloads
I saw, as in a dream sublime,
The balance in the hand of Time.
O’er East and West its beam impended;
And day, with all its hours of light,
Was slowly sinking out of sight,
While, opposite, the scale of night
Silently with the stars ascended.
Like the astrologers of eld,
In that bright vision I beheld
Greater and deeper mysteries.
I saw, with its celestial keys,
Its chords of air, its frets of fire,
The Samian’s great Aeolian lyre,
Rising through all its sevenfold bars,
From earth unto the fixed stars.
And through the dewy atmosphere,
Not only could I see, but hear,
Its wondrous and harmonious strings,
In sweet vibration, sphere by sphere,
From Dian’s circle light and near,
Onward to vaster and wider rings.
Where, chanting through his beard of snows,
Majestic, mournful, Saturn goes,
And down the sunless realms of space
Reverberates the thunder of his bass.
Beneath the sky’s triumphal arch
This music sounded like a march,
And with its chorus seemed to be
Preluding some great tragedy.
Sirius was rising in the east;
And, slow ascending one by one,
The kindling constellations shone.
Begirt with many a blazing star,
Stood the great giant Algebar,
Orion, hunter of the beast!
His sword hung gleaming by his side,
And, on his arm, the lion’s hide
Scattered across the midnight air
The golden radiance of its hair.
The moon was pallid, but not faint;
And beautiful as some fair saint,
Serenely moving on her way
In hours of trial and dismay.
As if she heard the voice of God,
Unharmed with naked feet she trod
Upon the hot and burning stars,
As on the glowing coals and bars,
That were to prove her strength, and try
Her holiness and her purity.
Thus moving on, with silent pace,
And triumph in her sweet, pale face,
She reached the station of Orion.
Aghast he stood in strange alarm!
And suddenly from his outstretched arm
Down fell the red skin of the lion
Into the river at his feet.
His mighty club no longer beat
The forehead of the bull; but he
Reeled as of yore beside the sea,
When, blinded by Oenopion,
He sought the blacksmith at his forge,
And, climbing up the mountain gorge,
Fixed his blank eyes upon the sun.
Then, through the silence overhead,
An angel with a trumpet said,
“Forevermore, forevermore,
The reign of violence is o’er!”
And, like an instrument that flings
Its music on another’s strings,
The trumpet of the angel cast
Upon the heavenly lyre its blast,
And on from sphere to sphere the words
Re-echoed down the burning chords,—
“Forevermore, forevermore,
The reign of violence is o’er!”


Setup¶
Before reading further, make sure that Go Elasticsearch Alerts is installed.
Configuration Files¶
This program requires some configuration files: a main configuration file and one or more rule configuration files.
Main Configuration File¶
The main configuration file is a JSON file which configures some of the general behavior of the program. Specifically, it is used to configure communication with Elasticsearch and distributed operation. The program will not operate without this file.
The program will look for the main configuration file at
/etc/go-elasticsearch-alerts/config.json
by default. If you wish to keep
this file elsewhere, you can specify its location with the
GO_ELASTICSEARCH_ALERTS_CONFIG_FILE
environment variable.
Example¶
{
"elasticsearch": {
"server": {
"url": "https://my.elasticsearch.com"
},
"client": {
"tls_enabled": true,
"ca_cert": "/tmp/cacert.pem",
"client_cert": "/tmp/client_cert.pem",
"client_key": "/tmp/client_key.pem"
}
},
"distributed": true,
"consul": {
"consul_lock_key": "go-elasticsearch-alerts/leader",
"consul_http_addr": "http://<IP_ADDRESS>:8500"
}
}
Main File Parameters¶
- elasticsearch (Elasticsearch:
<nil>
) - Configures how the program communcates with Elasticsearch. See the Elasticsearch section for more details. This field is required. - distributed (bool:
false
) - Whether this application will be run in a distributed fashion. If this is set totrue
then theconsul
field will also be required since this application uses the lock feature of HashiCorp’s Consul service for synchronization between nodes. This field is optional. For more information on distributed operation, see the distributed usage section. - consul (Consul:
<nil>
) - Configures the Consul client. The program will use this client to communicate with your Consul server for synchronization between nodes. This field is required ifdistributed
istrue
.
elasticsearch
Parameters¶
- server (Server:
<nil>
) - Specifies information pertaining to your Elasticsearch server. See the Server section for more information. This field is always required. - client (Client:
<nil>
) - Configures the HTTP client with which the program will communicate with Elasticsearch. See the Client section for more information. This field is always required.
consul
Parameters¶
Note: All of these values should be strings. For example, even if the value
is technically a Boolean field such as true
, you should provide a string
(e.g. "true"
).
- consul_lock_key (string:
""
) - The name of the key to be assigned to the Consul lock. This field is always required. consul_http_addr
(string:""
) - The URL of your Consul server. This field is always required.- consul_http_token (string:
""
) - The API access token required when access control lists (ACLs) are enabled. This field is optional.* - consul_http_ssl (string:
"false"
) - A boolean value (default is false) that enables the HTTPS URI scheme and SSL connections to the HTTP API. This field is optional.* - consul_http_ssl_verify (string:
""
) - A boolean value (default true) to specify SSL certificate verification; setting this value to false is not recommended for production use. This field is optional.* - consul_cacert (string:
""
) - Path to a CA file to use for TLS when communicating with Consul. This field is optional.* - consul_capath (string:
""
) - Path to a directory of CA certificates to use for TLS when communicating with Consul. This field is optional.* - consul_client_cert (string:
""
) - Path to a client cert file to use for TLS when verify_incoming is enabled. This field is optional.* - consul_client_key (string:
""
) - Path to a client key file to use for TLS when verify_incoming is enabled. This field is optional.* - consul_tls_server_name (string:
""
) - The server name to use as the SNI host when connecting via TLS. This field is optional.*
*This field can be specified using its corresponding environment variable instead. The environment variable takes precedence.
server
Parameters¶
- url (string:
""
) - The URL of your Elasticsearch instance. This field is always required.
Additionally, if you need to authenticate Elasticsearch requests, you can set
the username and password with the GO_ELASTICSEARCH_ALERTS_ES_USERNAME
and
GO_ELASTICSEARCH_ALERTS_ES_PASSWORD
environment variables, respectively.
These will be included in a basic authentication header with every request
sent to your Elasticsearch server.
client
Parameters¶
- tls_enabled (bool:
false
) - Whether the application should use TLS when communicating with your Elasticsearch server. This field is optional. - ca_cert (string:
""
) - Path to a PEM-encoded CA certificate file on the local disk. This file is used to verify the Elasticsearch server’s SSL certificate. - client_cert (string:
""
) - Path to a PEM-encoded client certificate on the local disk. This file is used for TLS communication with the Elasticsearch server. - client_key (string:
""
) - Path to an unencrypted, PEM-encoded private key on disk which corresponds to the matching client certificate. - server_name (string:
""
) - Name to use as the SNI host when connecting via TLS.
Rule Configuration File¶
The rule configuration files are JSON files which define your alerts. The
program will look for the rule configuration files in the
/etc/go-elasticsearch-alerts/rules
directory by default. If you wish to
keep these files in a different directory, you can specify this directory
with the GO_ELASTICSEARCH_ALERTS_RULES_DIR
environment variable. All of
these files should be valid JSON and their file names should have a .json
extension. There must be at least one rule for the program to operate.
Example¶
{
"name": "Filebeat Errors",
"index": "filebeat-*",
"schedule": "@every 10m",
"body": {
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{ "query_string" : {
"query" : "*",
"fields" : [ "system.syslog.message", "message" ]
} }
]
}
},
"aggs": {
"hostname": {
"terms": {
"field": "system.syslog.hostname",
"min_doc_count": 1
}
}
},
"size": 20,
"_source": "system.syslog"
},
"body_field": "hits.hits._source",
"filters": [
"aggregations.service_name.buckets",
"aggregations.service_name.buckets.program.buckets"
],
"conditions": [
{
"field": "aggregations.pipelines.queue.buckets.queue_usage.value",
"quantifier": "any",
"gt": 0.3
}
],
"outputs": [
{
"type": "slack",
"config" : {
"webhook": "https://hooks.slack.com/ASDFASDF",
"text": "New errors",
}
},
{
"type": "email",
"config": {
"to": [
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>]
"from"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>"host": "smtp.gmail.com",
"port": 587
}
}
]
}
In the example above, the application would execute the following query
(illustrated as a cURL
request below) to Elasticsearch every ten minutes,
group by hits.hits._source
, aggregations.service_name.buckets
, and
aggregations.service_name.buckets.program.buckets
, and write the results
to Slack and local disk.
$ curl http://https://my.elasticsearch.com/filebeat-*/_search \
--header "Content-Type: application/json" \
--data '{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{ "query_string" : {
"query" : "*",
"fields" : [ "system.syslog.message", "message" ]
} }
]
}
},
"aggs": {
"hostname": {
"terms": {
"field": "system.syslog.hostname",
"min_doc_count": 1
}
}
},
"size": 20,
"_source": "system.syslog"
}'
Rule File Parameters¶
- name (string:
""
) - The name of the rule (e.g."Filebeat Errors"
). This field is required. - index (string:
""
) - The index to be queried. This field is required. - schedule (string:
""
) - When the query should be executed. This should be a cron string. This program uses github.com/robfig/cron to parse the cron schedule, so please refer to it for specifics on how to write a proper cron schedule. - body (JSON object:
<nil>
) - The body of the search query request. When the job is triggered, the program will pass this exact JSON as data in the request to the<index>/_search
endpoint. The value of this field will dictate the structure of the Elasticsearch response data and therefore will dictate the set of potential values for thefilters
andbody_field
sections. It is recommendeded that you manually run this query (for an example, see the cURL request above) and understand the structure of the response data before setting thefilters
andbody_field
sections. - filters ([]string:
[]
) - How the response to this query should be grouped. How the group data will be presented depends on the output method(s) used. More information on this field is provided in the filters section. - body_field (string:
"hits.hits._source"
) - The field on which to group the response. The elements of the response data that match the value of this field will be stringified and concatenated before being sent to the provided output(s). This field is optional. If not specified, the program will group by the fieldhits.hits._source
by default. More information on this field is provided in the filters section. - conditions ([]Conditions:
[]
) - The criteria that must be met for the alert to be reported. Note that all conditions have an implicit “and” (i.e. all conditions must be satisfied for the alert to trigger). See the Conditions section for more details. This field is optional. - outputs ([]Output:
[]
) - The media by which alerts should be sent. See the Output section for more details. At least one output must be specified.
conditions
Parameters¶
The conditions
parameter of the rule file allows you to ensure alerts
are only reported when the given conditions are satisfied. You may include
as many or as few conditions as you wish. This field is optional.
- field (string:
""
) - The path to the field of the JSON response that will be tested against the given criteria. This should point to only primitive values, including strings, numbers, or booleans (e.g. the last element of the path should be a primitive and not an object or array). This field is required. - quantifier (string:
"any"
) - How the matching values should be compared. Accepted values include"all"
,"any"
, and"none"
. This defaults to"any"
. - eq (string or number:
nil
) - The matching values should equal this value. This field is optional. - ne (string or number:
nil
) - The matching values should not equal this value. This field is optional. - lt (number:
nil
) - The matching values should be less than this value. This field is optional. - le (number:
nil
) - The matching values should be less than or equal to this value. This field is optional. - gt (number:
nil
) - The matching values should be greater than this value. This field is optional. - ge (number:
nil
) - The matching values should be greater than or equal to this value. This field is optional.
For example, assume we are using the rule given in the example above. Also assume that when the query runs, Elasticsearch returns the following response:
{
"took" : 4863,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 7,
"successful" : 7,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 376,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : null,
"hits" : [ ]
},
"aggregations" : {
"pipelines" : {
"doc_count" : 3384,
"queue" : {
"doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0,
"sum_other_doc_count" : 0,
"buckets" : [
{
"key" : "main",
"doc_count" : 1128,
"queue_size" : {
"value" : 3.8679811209E10
},
"max_queue_size" : {
"value" : 1.211180777472E13
},
"queue_usage" : {
"value" : 0.3193562177376465
}
},
{
"key" : "message-queues",
"doc_count" : 1128,
"queue_size" : {
"value" : 3.632980257E9
},
"max_queue_size" : {
"value" : 1.211180777472E13
},
"queue_usage" : {
"value" : 0.029995359277273426
},
"queue_empty" : {
"value" : true
}
}
]
}
}
}
}
From this response, the process will gather the fields at the path defined
in the condition at aggregations.pipelines.queue.buckets.queue_usage.value
.
This includes the set [0.3193562177376465, 0.029995359277273426]
. It will
then check if any of these values are greater than 0.3. Since one of these
values is indeed greater than 0.3, the alert will be sent to the output
channel(s) defined in the rule.
outputs
Parameters¶
The outputs parameter of the rule file specifies where the results of the queries should be sent. Each rule should have at least one output. Currently, three output types are supported: Slack, email, Amazon AWS SNS, and file. The exact specifications of this field will depend on the output type.
- type (string:
""
) - The type of output. Currently, only"slack"
,"file"
, and"email"
are supported. This field is always required. - config (JSON object:
<nil>
) - Configurations specific to the output type. This field is alwyas required.
Slack Output Parameters¶
- webhook (string:
""
) - The Slack webhook where error alerts will be sent. This field is required. - text (string:
""
) - Text to be sent with the Slack message.
You can find an example of what the Slack message looks like here.
Email Output Parameters¶
- host (string:
""
) - The SMTP server host (e.g.smtp.gmail.com
). This field is required. - port (int:
0
) - The SMTP server port (e.g.587
for Gmail). This field is required. - from (string:
""
) - The “from” email address. This field is required. - to ([]string:
[]
) - The “to” addresses to which email alerts will be sent. At least one address is required. - username (string:
""
) - The username with which the SMTP client will authenticate to the host. If you do not wish to specify the username in the configuration file, you can set the password using theGO_ELASTICSEARCH_ALERTS_SMTP_USERNAME
environment variable. This field is optional. - password (string:
""
) - The password with which the SMTP client will authenticate to the host. If you do not wish to specify the password in the configuration file, you can set the password using theGO_ELASTICSEARCH_ALERTS_SMTP_PASSWORD
environment variable. This field is optional.
You can find an example of what the email message looks like here.
AWS SNS Output Parameters¶
- region (string:
""
) - The Amazon AWS region to send where your SNS topic exists. This field is required. - topic_arn (string:
""
) - The SNS topic to which new alerts will be published. This field is required. - template (string:
""
) - The message template that will define what alert messages will look like. This template is based on Go templates. It allows you to interpolate an array of alert records into the template to expose custom message formatting for your alerts. Note that Sprig template functions are available for use in your template. This field is required.
IMPORTANT: If sending SMS messages with your SMS topic, a strict 140-character limit is enforced. Please take this into consideration when writing your message template.
As an example, let’s say you have this output method in one of your rule files:
{
"name": "Filebeat Errors",
...
"outputs:" [
{
"type": "sns",
"config": {
"region": "us-east-1",
"topic_arn": "AWS::SNS::Topic",
"template": "{{range .}}{{.Filter}}:\n{{range .Fields}}* {{.Key}}: {{.Count}}\n{{end}}\n{{end}}"
}
}
]
}
Let’s then say that a new alert comes in that matches this alert’s filter. It would pass the following struct to the alert method:
[]*alert.Record{
{
Filter: "foo.bar.bim",
Fields: []*alert.Field{
{
Key: "test-1",
Count: 2,
},
{
Key: "test-2",
Count: 4,
},
},
},
{
Filter: "abc.def.ghi",
Fields: []*alert.Field{
{
Key: "foo",
Count: 10,
},
{
Key: "bar",
Count: 11,
},
},
},
}
The alert handler would then render your template using this struct, resulting in the following message being published to your SNS Topic:
[Filebeat Errors]
foo.bar.bim:
* test-1: 2
* test-2: 4
abc.def.ghi
* foo: 10
* bar: 11
As a note, you do not have to have any templating logic in the template
field
of your output configuration. For example, if you want all messages to be the
same when a new alert comes in, you can make a configuration like:
{
"name": "Filebeat Errors",
...
"outputs:" [
{
"type": "sns",
"config": {
"region": "us-east-1",
"topic_arn": "AWS::SNS::Topic",
"template": "New errors found"
}
}
]
}
File Output Parameters¶
- file (string:
""
) - The file to which alerts will be written. This field is required.
Filters¶
Filters are used to group the data that Elasticsearch responds to a query with. They are used to provide a brief summary of the response data.
For example, given the example above, assume that after the job triggers and executes the query Elasticsearch responds with the following data:
{
"hits": {
"hits": [
{
"_source": {
"@timestamp": "2018-12-10 11:00:00",
"hello": "world"
}
},
{
"_source": {
"@timestamp": "2018-12-10 11:01:00",
"foo": "bar"
}
}
]
},
"aggregations": {
"service_name": {
"buckets": [
{
"key": "nomad",
"doc_count": 10,
"program": {
"buckets": [
{
"key": "app-1",
"doc_count": 4
},
{
"key": "app-2",
"doc_count": 6
}
]
}
},
{
"key": "consul",
"doc_count": 4,
"program": {
"buckets": [
{
"key": "node-1",
"doc_count": 3
},
{
"key": "node-2",
"doc_count": 1
}
]
}
}
]
}
}
}
Upon receiving this JSON data, the program will group the data by
"aggregations.service_name.buckets"
and
"aggregations.service_name.buckets.program.buckets"
. Additionally, it will
group the data by "hits.hits._source"
(the default body_field
value)
and then stringify and concatenate the matched hits. After these steps, it will
send the results via Slack and email as shown below.


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a block on a webpage is an HTML element that appears on a new line i.e. underneath the preceding elelment and above the following element (commonly known as a block-level element.)


Vue.js Scheduler: Build a Reservation Application in 5 Minutes
DayPilot for JavaScript
- AJAX Calendar/Scheduling Widgets for JavaScript/HTML5/jQuery/AngularJS


Using the tile view
If you're working on tiles for a game, you have to be sure that it looks good when it's repeated over and over again. Pixen's tile view allows you to see how it will look tiled.
While tiling mode is on, you can draw on any one of the images and it will be reflected on all of them. Additionally, you can draw across the bounds of the images, and Pixen will translate the drawing correctly.
To enable the tiled view:
Use the View > Show Tiled View (⌘T).


# of GoodReads Ratings: {{ ratings_count }}
Average GoodReads Rating: {{ average_rating }} / 5
Write a review for {{ title }}:
You must be signed in to leave a review
{% if reviews %}
{% for review_id, user_id, isbn, review, star_rating in reviews %}
"{{ review }}"
{{ star_rating }} / 5
{% endfor %}
{% else %}
{% endif %}
{% endblock %}


Method
public enum Method: String
HTTP method definitions.
-
Declaration
Swift
case get = "GET"
-
Declaration
Swift
case head = "HEAD"
-
Declaration
Swift
case post = "POST"
-
Declaration
Swift
case put = "PUT"
-
Declaration
Swift
case delete = "DELETE"
-
Declaration
Swift
case connect = "CONNECT"
-
Declaration
Swift
case options = "OPTIONS"
-
Declaration
Swift
case trace = "TRACE"
-
Declaration
Swift
case patch = "PATCH"


Link to the same.htm page, in the same directory
Link to the resources.htm page, in a nested directory


88 D. An Implementation of Prototyping OOP In the class/instance system above, it is necessary to design the complete behavior of a class before you can make any instances of the class. This is okay for top-down design, but not great for experimentation. Here we sketch the implementation of a prototyping OOP system: You make an object, tinker with it, make clones of it, and keep tinkering. Any changes you make in the parent are inherited by its children. In effect, that ﬁrst object is both the class and an instance of the class. In the implementation below, children share properties (methods and local variables) of their parent unless and until a child changes a property, at which point that child gets a private copy. (If a child wants to change something for its entire family, it must ask the parent to do it.) Because we want to be able to create and delete properties dynamically, we won’t use Snap ! variables to hold an object’s variables or methods. Instead, each object has two tables, called methods and data, each of which is an association list: a list of two-item lists, in which each of the latter contains a key and a corresponding value. We provide a lookup procedure to locate the key-value pair corresponding to a given key in a given table. There are also commands to insert and delete entries: As in the class/instance version, an object is represented as a dispatch procedure that takes a message as its input and reports the corresponding method. When an object gets a message, it will ﬁrst look for that keyword in its methods table. If it’s found, the corresponding value is the method we want. If not, the object looks in its data table. If a value is found there, what the object returns is not that value, but rather a reporter method that, when called, will report the value. This means that what an object returns is always a method.


<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Note: This file had no INFO block, so it does not have a specific title or meta information.


Meat And Sweet®
Meat And Sweet® is a restourtant, trying to provide the combination we love most. We have collected the best recipies, the best ingredients and we have mixed them with our own passion to create an experience you will never forget.
You will find the Meat And Sweet® meals in every country, in every kitchen, in every restourant. But you can't visit them all. So we brought some of the best together under one roof. Because we love Meat And Sweet ® stuff.
Gallery
Reservations
For parties of six, we recommend making reservations at least two weeks in advance. For walk-ins, we only seat parties on a first come, first served basis.
For parties of seven and more, Please call us at:
(359) 886-111-678
About Us
Our restaurant was born in the flames of passion. Our passion for tasty meat dishes and sweet deserts. So one day we decided to share with the rest of the world the wonderful recipes we have discovered with a bit of style. The rest is a dream come true. We have opened our restaurant in 2014 in the city of Sofia, Bulgaria. Since the opening of the restaurant we came to the conclusion that we need to search for even more recipes. And we did. Today we have a dedicated Recipe Hunter that scouts the world for all these tasty treasures.
Our philosophy is simple. There are too many great dishes out there and we simply can't reach them. So, there is a solution. To bring them to us. We are not shy to admit that meat is the thing to eat. But after a perfect meal we asked ourselfs what follows? A sweet desert of course!
Contact Us
123 Korab Planina Street
Bulgaria, Sofia 1000
Mon - Thu, 8 am - 10 pm
Fri - Sun, 9 am - 12 pm


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Each dot represents 10 people at maximum zoom, colour coded by self-identified race (2011 census).
Follow these links for more info...
This map shows Cape Town’s population distribution, based on race, as self-identified in the 2011 census. At maximum zoom, each dot represents 10 people. Purple dots are 'white', yellow are 'coloured', green are 'black African' and red are 'Indian' respondents.
If you wanted to address the spatial legacies of apartheid, where would you locate new housing initiatives?
Use the checkboxes to see the City’s planned first step to bring about spatial transformation.


In GRE/TOEFL writing, a varied sentence structure and vocabulary often helps you a lot to receive a high score. And here comes textVary, a writing assistant program that is capable of detecting your repeating phrases and providing you with visual feedback, thus helping you form a habit of using diverse expressions.
The following video demonstrates how textVary helps the user avoid a second use of the phrase 'as well as'.
TextVary can also recognize various forms of the same word.
In fact, textVary analyzes your essays carefully, it even understands the same punctuation may have different meaning in different contexts.
To get statistics of phrase usage from the input:
To turn the statistics into visual feedback:
The UI is implemented in a Reactive Programming (RP) style.
As the frequency of a word or phrase increases, its background color varies from a translucent yellow to a transparent red. In this way, if a usage appears again and again in an essay, its highlight will eventually become unnoticeable. This is the desired behaviour because it helps the user focus on avoiding using the same expression twice or the third time, but ignore the repeating use of topic words or key words.
TextVary is written by Jiayi Wei(魏家一), here is his github homepage.


|
Hyperledger Avalon
0.5.0.dev1
|
The Avalon SDK Reference Manual is generated with Doxygen. To generate the Reference Manual, type the following:
Documentation generated will be here:
$TCF_HOME/docs/refman/html/
HTML documentation$TCF_HOME/docs/refman/man/man3
man page documentation$TCF_HOME/docs/refman/latex
LaTeX documentation$TCF_HOME/docs/refman/refman.pdf
PDF documentation (generated from LaTex)


| Opcode* | Instruction | Op/En | 64-Bit Mode | Compat/Leg Mode | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9E | SAHF | ZO | Invalid* | Valid | Loads SF, ZF, AF, PF, and CF from AH into EFLAGS register. |
* Valid in specific steppings. See Description section.
| Op/En | Operand 1 | Operand 2 | Operand 3 | Operand 4 |
| ZO | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Loads the SF, ZF, AF, PF, and CF flags of the EFLAGS register with values from the corresponding bits in the AH register (bits 7, 6, 4, 2, and 0, respectively). Bits 1, 3, and 5 of register AH are ignored; the corresponding reserved bits (1, 3, and 5) in the EFLAGS register remain as shown in the “Operation” section below.
This instruction executes as described above in compatibility mode and legacy mode. It is valid in 64-bit mode only if CPUID.80000001H:ECX.LAHF-SAHF[bit 0] = 1.
IF IA-64 Mode THEN IF CPUID.80000001H.ECX[0] = 1; THEN RFLAGS(SF:ZF:0:AF:0:PF:1:CF) ← AH; ELSE #UD; FI ELSE EFLAGS(SF:ZF:0:AF:0:PF:1:CF) ← AH; FI;
The SF, ZF, AF, PF, and CF flags are loaded with values from the AH register. Bits 1, 3, and 5 of the EFLAGS register are unaffected, with the values remaining 1, 0, and 0, respectively.
None.
None.
None.
None.
| #UD | If CPUID.80000001H.ECX[0] = 0. |
| If the LOCK prefix is used. |


Your Daily Horoscope for Tuesday, November 26
by Hedy DamariAries
March 21- April 19
As the Sun moves into your sector of adventure and travel you’ll tire of the tried and true and will crave unique experiences. Familiar company will frankly become boring – you want new sights, sounds and people in your world! Use this wave of intrepidness you to take the road less travelled and do things you’d only dreamt of.
 It’s also a good time to define or redefine your status and what it means to be a couple to ensure you’re both on the same path.
Gemini
May 21-June 21
Over the next few weeks you may feel as though things aren’t quite coming together as you’d planned. No, this isn’t a bad sign of things to come, rather a lesson on the rewards that come from being patient and flexible. If you plan ahead and try not to overextend yourself you’ll be fine.
Cancer
June 22-July 22
You’ll have a lot more time and energy to focus on a fun or important creative endeavour. This will not only be the perfect distraction (because you’ll be feeling rather mischievous) but it will also be highly therapeutic. It’s also a good time to infuse your love life with a bit of romance and laughter.
Leo
July 23-August 22
If you’ve been ignoring something in the vain hope that it will simply go away today you will need to face the music. This is a good day to deal with problems rather than swept under the carpet, especially in regards to family and home. Productive conversations and new patterns of positive behaviour can also be established.
 Your usual need for approval will suddenly dissipate and you’ll feel very happy with the decisions you make and course of action you take.
Libra
September 23-October 22
Your need for mental stimulation is becoming a driving force as the Sun moves into your sector of intellect and communication. Ensure you have plenty of highbrow books to read, brain apps and crosswords to challenge your mind. As your memory retention is also enhanced this is an ideal time to study or learn something new.
Scorpio
October 23 – November 22
Normally you don’t like change. However, with Mars, the pioneering planet, in your sign you’ll feel intrepid, bold and up for new experiences. Say yes more than no. Mingle with different crowds and face a fear. Your charisma will also be at an all-time high so if you’re single this is the time to make a good impression.
Sagittarius
November 23-December 20
End the month with a new you! With the Sun and Venus joining forces in your sign you’re likely to take a more strategic approach towards your direction instead of flying by the seat of your pants. It’s also the perfect time to reassess where you’re heading, what you wish to accomplish and how to do it.
Capricorn
December 21-January 19
Your social life will be positively manic and not just because it’s that time of year. Silly season or not, Mars is invigorating your friendship sector so there’ll be plenty of fun in store! If you’ve been pondering a pivotal move, holiday or course of study this is the best time to plant the seeds.
Aquarius
January 20-February 18
Xmas might be just under a month away but the stars are already getting the jump on the silly season. Your social life is on overdrive and although for the most part, enjoy every minute it could also prove exhausting. Don’t say yes to the opening of an envelope and be discerning about how you divide your time.
Pisces
February 19-March 20
When was the last time you gave yourself a makeover? With the Sun and stylish Venus in your image sector this is the perfect time to change your hair, invest in some quality wardrobe items and revamp your look. While you’re at it, a positive attitude adjustment will also make you look and feel great.


Since the press is always right I want you to know that we now
are the "crew if a luxury yacht". It all started when Derek thought he heard people talking on another boat in the
anchorage. After looking around in the dark we did not
really identify anything but after Kris went up on deck and used the spot light
she found a gentleman floating in the bay waving his arms.
We put the dingy in the water and brought him back to the boat.
The poor guy was dehydrated and exhausted. He told us his
boat sank and he had been swimming for 6 hours. He was
wearing a shorty wetsuit, tank, snorkel, mask and flippers, so
at least he had good gear and buoyancy. He
also said there was another guy who was diving with him that was
also swimming in. We got his a towel and a shirt to put on
to warm up, some water and some food
and then called the Antigua Coast Guard. While we waited
for the Coast Guard, which only took about 10 minutes to make it
to the boat, the poor guy nearly passed out from exhaustion.
The Coast Guard boat came alongside and 4 of the coasties came
aboard and took the guys statement and took our name and
information as well. They were all very polite and
courteous. Then they all shook our hands and said thanks,
and the fellow we rescued did as well. They took the guy
to the medical center for a check up, and then went out to
search for the second guy. We did not know if they found
him or not, but then saw the article in the paper, and now know
that they did.
After our heroic efforts we continued on our journey/exploration of Antigua we headed south
and pulled into Deep Harbor. There are many forts on the
island used by the British and the one on top of the hill gave a
great view of this harbor and of St John harbor, the major
harbor for the island. We spent some time snorkeling the
wreck of an 3 master iron barque with a load of pitch that
caught fire, burned and sank near the entrance to the bay.
The wood burned, but the steel frames are mostly still there,
and it was a nice snorkel trip. We would have like to
spend more time in Deep Harbor, but the flies were so bad, they
drove us out the same day - first time that has happened.
Next on the port of call was English Harbor, the buildings/fort around the harbor was
interesting to walk through and learn it's history.
There is a 2 mile hike that takes you to the top of the hill
outside the fort which was used as a lookout. The trail
also winds down by the ocean and out to another point
overlooking the entrance to the bay. The walks on the
islands were fun and you always had the chance of seeing goats.
Sam really thought he should do some herding but the goats had
other ideas.
We found Antigua to be a beautiful island, especially the
western side. We have a few more places to see yet before
hurricane season, so we set sail for Guadalupe on the 19 of May
and had a beautiful sail into Guadeloupe. We are now
anchored in Deshaies (pronounced Day-ay). We will check in
tomorrow, and pick up some fresh baguettes and pastries, as we
are back in the French islands.
05/19/13; Luxury yacht, rest of Antigua


Sufie's App
Home
About
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SufieApp
Version 1.0
First one is the history
“I'm selfish, impatient and a little insecure. I make mistakes, I am out of control and at times hard to handle.  ― Marilyn Monroe
read more..
Trial:
you can try here.
Trial:
or here .
GAME
try our game
YOUTUBE
Released on April 28th, 2012
NEW
Deadly Poison Dart Frog?
Fix
Baby Turtles Hatching
Version 1.1
Released on January 28th, 2012
NEW
Deadly Poison Dart Frog?
Fix
Baby Turtles Hatching
Version 1.0
Released on January 10th, 2012
NEW
Deadly Poison Dart Frog?
Fix
Baby Turtles Hatching


1. You will be given a random number at the start of the game.
2. There are four Crystals below. By clicking on one of them you will add specific points to your random score
3. you win the game if the score is matching to the random number. you loose it if the score is greater than the random number.
4. The value of the crystal is hidden from you untill you click on it.
5. Each time the game starts the game will change the value of the crystal


The gardens in Goa is a must visit place for tourist touring the state.  On arriving here, the guests are greeted warmly with a traditional aarti and a welcome drink. The guide then will take you on a tour of the garden, explaining about the it, its history and its significance. They also serve a traditional goan meal in earthen pots and on banana leaves, the meal comprising of rice, fish curry and locally grown vegetables. Guests are given a demonstration on the art of climbing and swinging the Betel nut palms.
Also traditional folk dances are performed. These farms practice organic farming. The Sahakari Spice Plantation in Curti (Ponda), Abyss Spice Farms in Verem , Rustic Plantation in Dongurli village(Valpoi-Sattari), Savoi Plantation in Savoi-Verem, Tropical Spice Plantation in Keri (Ponda),Pascoal Spice Village on the banks of river Khandepar.


Elton John Says George Harrison Told Him ‘to Not Put Marching Powder Up His Nose’ Amid Cocaine Binges
While much of his battle with Class A drug addiction is expected to be covered in a soon-to-be-published memoir, Sir Elton has also shared a couple of frank details ahead of the release, including his stint as a cocaine addict.
On Chris Evans’ Virgin Radio Breakfast Show, Elton John has recalled an episode from his heyday when The Beatles’ George Harrison told him to “stop putting marching powder up his nose".
Sir Elton recounted the musician’s golden tips as the host pressed him, asking what George Harrison’s “best advice” for him was.
Joining the chuckling Elton John, Evans went still further wondering how long “it has been now".
“Twenty-nine years", the pop legend responded, cheekily remarking that “the nose is still here".
He also recounted The Beatles legend advising him to “play live” whatever it takes as “when you’re young, they’ll drop you like a five-pound note on the floor".
It is not the first time that Elton John has been candid about his substance abuse and other sensitive issues, as he dedicated a sizeable part of his recent memoir to the Class A drug addiction he battled.
For instance, speaking about an incident in mid-1983 when he was filming his I’m Still Standing music video, the music star recalled his agent telling him he’d literally ruined his entire hotel suite. Only he didn’t remember a thing about how he had inflicted the damage.
In one of the chapters of “Me: Elton John", the 72-year-old writes about taking the Class A drug, saying it left him like a “monster".
“Because I was doing coke, I wasn’t a rational human being any more. You become unreasonable and irresponsible, self-obsessed, a law unto yourself", he notes.


This is a demo login page (WE ARE CURRENTLY WORKING ON IT).
Enter username and password to log on:
Fill in the form below to get instant access:


Reserve Fund Summary & Detail
TRANSFERS IN : 2018-2019 Requested Budget
Transfers In from TAG(s):
Add
EXPENSES : 2018-2019 Requested Budget
Expenses:
Add
TRANSFERS OUT : 2018-2019 Requested Budget
Transfers Out from TAG(s):
Add
Supplemental Form: Reserve
TRANSFERS IN : 2017-2018 Approved Budget
Transfers In
EXPENSES : 2018-2019 Requested Budget
Expenses
TRANSFERS OUT : 2018-2019 Requested Budget
Transfers Out
TRANSFERS IN : Justification
Comment:
EXPENSES : Justification
Equipment:
Improvements:
Contingencies:
Other(if applicable):
TRANSFERS OUT : Justification
Comment:
Submit


Cisco-IOS-XR-infra-alarm-logger-oper API API Reference
API generated from<EMAIL_ADDRESS>API Endpoint
http://{Controller-IP}:{Controller-Port}/restconf/config/network-topology:network-topology/topology/topology-netconf/node/inetri/yang-ext:mount/
URL '/' code: %2F
Schemes: http
Version: 1.0.0
Paths
ALARM-LOGGER - Retrieve
Retrieve operation of resource: alarm-logger
Successful operation
Internal Error
Response Content-Types: application/json
Response Example (200 OK)
{
"buffer-status": {
"capacity-threshold": "integer",
"record-count": "integer",
"severity-filter": "string",
"log-buffer-size": "integer",
"max-log-buffer-size": "integer"
},
"alarms": {
"alarm": [
{
"event-id": "integer",
"category": "string",
"is-admin": "boolean",
"code": "string",
"group": "string",
"severity": "string",
"timestamp": "integer",
"correlation-id": "integer",
"additional-text": "string",
"state": "string",
"source-id": "string"
}
]
}
}
BUFFER-STATUS - Retrieve
Retrieve operation of resource: buffer-status
Successful operation
Internal Error
Response Content-Types: application/json
Response Example (200 OK)
{
"capacity-threshold": "integer",
"record-count": "integer",
"severity-filter": "string",
"log-buffer-size": "integer",
"max-log-buffer-size": "integer"
}
ALARMS - Retrieve
Retrieve operation of resource: alarms
Successful operation
Internal Error
Response Content-Types: application/json
Response Example (200 OK)
{
"alarm": [
{
"event-id": "integer",
"category": "string",
"is-admin": "boolean",
"code": "string",
"group": "string",
"severity": "string",
"timestamp": "integer",
"correlation-id": "integer",
"additional-text": "string",
"state": "string",
"source-id": "string"
}
]
}
ALARM - Retrieve
Retrieve operation of resource: alarm
ID of event-id
Successful operation
Internal Error
Response Content-Types: application/json
Response Example (200 OK)
{
"event-id": "integer",
"category": "string",
"is-admin": "boolean",
"code": "string",
"group": "string",
"severity": "string",
"timestamp": "integer",
"correlation-id": "integer",
"additional-text": "string",
"state": "string",
"source-id": "string"
}
Schema Definitions
AL-ALDEMS-ALARM-BAG:
Alarm-Logger alarm
- category: string
-
Category of the alarm
- is-admin: boolean
-
Indicates the event id admin-level
- code: string
-
Alarm code which further qualifies the alarm within a message group
- group: string
-
Group of messages to which this alarm belongs to
- severity: string unknown, emergency, alert, critical, error, warning, notice, informational, debugging
-
Severity of the alarm
- timestamp: integer
-
Time when the alarm was generated. It is expressed in number of milliseconds since 00:00 :00 UTC, January 1, 1970
- correlation-id: integer
-
Correlation Identifier
- additional-text: string
-
Full text of the Alarm
- state: string not-available, active, clear
-
State of the alarm (bistate alarms only)
- source-id: string
-
Source Identifier(Location).Indicates the node in which the alarm was generated
Example
{
"category": "string",
"is-admin": "boolean",
"code": "string",
"group": "string",
"severity": "string",
"timestamp": "integer",
"correlation-id": "integer",
"additional-text": "string",
"state": "string",
"source-id": "string"
}
AL-LOGGING-INFO-BAG:
Logging information
- capacity-threshold: integer
-
Percentage of the buffer utilization which, when exceeded, triggers the generation of a notification for the clients of the XML agent
- record-count: integer
-
Number of Records in the Buffer
- severity-filter: string unknown, emergency, alert, critical, error, warning, notice, informational, debugging
-
Severity Filter
- log-buffer-size: integer
-
Current Logging Buffer Size (Bytes)
- max-log-buffer-size: integer
-
Maximum Logging Buffer Size (Bytes)
Example
{
"capacity-threshold": "integer",
"record-count": "integer",
"severity-filter": "string",
"log-buffer-size": "integer",
"max-log-buffer-size": "integer"
}
alarm-logger_schema:
Alarm Logger operational data
- buffer-status: AL-LOGGING-INFO-BAG
-
Describes buffer utilization and parameters configured
- alarms: object
-
Table that contains the database of logged alarms
-
- alarm: object[]
-
One of the logged alarms
-
- event-id: integer
-
Event ID
Example
{
"buffer-status": {
"capacity-threshold": "integer",
"record-count": "integer",
"severity-filter": "string",
"log-buffer-size": "integer",
"max-log-buffer-size": "integer"
},
"alarms": {
"alarm": [
{
"event-id": "integer",
"category": "string",
"is-admin": "boolean",
"code": "string",
"group": "string",
"severity": "string",
"timestamp": "integer",
"correlation-id": "integer",
"additional-text": "string",
"state": "string",
"source-id": "string"
}
]
}
}
alarms_schema:
Table that contains the database of logged alarms
- alarm: object[]
-
One of the logged alarms
-
- event-id: integer
-
Event ID
Example
{
"alarm": [
{
"event-id": "integer",
"category": "string",
"is-admin": "boolean",
"code": "string",
"group": "string",
"severity": "string",
"timestamp": "integer",
"correlation-id": "integer",
"additional-text": "string",
"state": "string",
"source-id": "string"
}
]
}
alarm_schema:
- event-id: integer
-
Event ID
Example
{
"event-id": "integer",
"category": "string",
"is-admin": "boolean",
"code": "string",
"group": "string",
"severity": "string",
"timestamp": "integer",
"correlation-id": "integer",
"additional-text": "string",
"state": "string",
"source-id": "string"
}


Coercion between diffnet
, network
and networkDynamic
diffnet_to_network(graph, slices = 1:nslices(graph), ...) diffnet_to_networkDynamic(graph, slices = 1:nslices(graph), diffnet2net.args = list(), netdyn.args = list()) networkDynamic_to_diffnet(graph, toavar) network_to_diffnet(graph = NULL, graph.list = NULL, toavar, t0 = NULL, t1 = NULL)
| graph | An object of class |
|---|---|
| slices | An integer vector indicating the slices to subset |
| ... | Further arguments passed to |
| diffnet2net.args | List of arguments passed to |
| netdyn.args | List of arguments passed to |
| toavar | Character scalar. Name of the vertex attribute that holds the times of adoption. |
| graph.list | A list of |
| t0 | Integer scalar. Passed to |
| t1 | Integer scalar. Passed to |
diffnet_to_network
returns a list of length length(slices)
in which
each element is a network
object corresponding a slice of the
graph
(diffnet
object). The attributes list will include toa
(time of
adoption).
An object of class networkDynamic
.
diffnet_to_networkDynamic
calls diffnet_to_network
and
uses the output to call networkDynamic
, passing the resulting list of
network
objects as network.list
(see networkDynamic
).
By default, diffnet_to_networkDynamic
passes net.obs.period
as
net.obs.period = list( observations = list(range(graph$meta$pers)), mode="discrete", time.increment = 1, time.unit = "step" )
By default, networkDynamic_to_diffnet
uses the first slice as reference for
vertex attributes and times of adoption.
By default, network_to_diffnet
uses the first element of graph
(a list) as reference for vertex attributes and times of adoption.
Since diffnet
does not support edges attributes, these will be lost when
converting from network
-type objects. The same applies to network
attributes.
Other Foreign: igraph
,
read_pajek
, read_ucinet_head
# Cohersing a diffnet to a list of networks --------------------------------- set.seed(1) ans <- diffnet_to_network(rdiffnet(20, 2)) ans#> $`1` #> Network attributes: #> vertices = 20 #> directed = TRUE #> hyper = FALSE #> loops = TRUE #> multiple = FALSE #> bipartite = FALSE #> name = A diffusion network #> behavior = Random contagion #> total edges= 20 #> missing edges= 0 #> non-missing edges= 20 #> #> Vertex attribute names: #> real_threshold toa vertex.names #> #> No edge attributes #> #> $`2` #> Network attributes: #> vertices = 20 #> directed = TRUE #> hyper = FALSE #> loops = TRUE #> multiple = FALSE #> bipartite = FALSE #> name = A diffusion network #> behavior = Random contagion #> total edges= 20 #> missing edges= 0 #> non-missing edges= 20 #> #> Vertex attribute names: #> real_threshold toa vertex.names #> #> No edge attributes #># and back network_to_diffnet(graph.list = ans, toavar="toa")#> Dynamic network of class -diffnet- #> Name : A diffusion network #> Behavior : Random contagion #> # of nodes : 20 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ...) #> # of time periods : 2 (1 - 2) #> Type : directed #> Final prevalence : 0.10 #> Static attributes : - #> Dynamic attributes : na, real_threshold (2)# If it was static, we can use -graph- instead network_to_diffnet(ans[[1]], toavar="toa")#> Warning: -graph- is static and will be recycled (see ?new_diffnet).#> Dynamic network of class -diffnet- #> Name : A diffusion network #> Behavior : Random contagion #> # of nodes : 20 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ...) #> # of time periods : 2 (1 - 2) #> Type : directed #> Final prevalence : 0.10 #> Static attributes : na, real_threshold (2) #> Dynamic attributes : -# A random diffusion network ------------------------------------------------ set.seed(87) dn <- rdiffnet(50, 4) ans <- diffnet_to_networkDynamic(dn)#> Argument base.net not specified, using first element of network.list instead #> Created net.obs.period to describe network #> Network observation period info: #> Number of observation spells: 1 #> Maximal time range observed: 1 until 4 #> Temporal mode: discrete #> Time unit: step #> Suggested time increment: 1# and back networkDynamic_to_diffnet(ans, toavar = "toa")#> Dynamic network of class -diffnet- #> Name : A diffusion network #> Behavior : Random contagion #> # of nodes : 50 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ...) #> # of time periods : 4 (1 - 4) #> Type : directed #> Final prevalence : 0.10 #> Static attributes : - #> Dynamic attributes : na, real_threshold (2)


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CNN Stunt To Disprove Trump’s Speakerphone Remark BACKFIRES Live On-Air
President challenged public to try to understand someone else’s phone call without speaker
by Adan SalazarChris “Fredo” Cuomo made an ass out of his network Thursday when he tried to disprove President Trump’s statement that it’s near impossible to understand a phone conversation when it’s not being amplified.
In reference to impeachment hearing testimony from David Holmes, a counselor at the US Embassy in Ukraine who on Thursday claimed he could make out details from a phone call he overheard between President Trump and Ambassador Gordon Sondland, Trump urged members of the public to try it for themselves.
“I have been watching people making phone calls my entire life,” Trump wrote on Twitter. “My hearing is, and has been, great. Never have I been watching a person making a call, which was not on speakerphone, and been able to hear or understand a conversation. I’ve even tried, but to no avail. Try it live!”
Cuomo took the president up on his challenge and “tried it live” — only to have it blow up in his face.
Cuomo attempted to call his mother and have co-host Dana Bash listen in, but the segment went off the rails when the two parties are unable to hear each other.
Watch the video of CNN doing what they do best, making utter fools of themselves:
And here’s a great meme from Carpe Donktum mocking the incident:
Follow the author on Gab: https://gab.ai/adansalazar
On Twitter: Follow @AdanSalazarWins
On Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/adan.salazar.735
On Minds: https://www.minds.com/adan_infowars
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