Football star Jamie Redknapp's home hit by masked burglars twice in one day
EXCLUSIVE: Audacious masked raiders try to raid Sky football pundit Jamie Redknapp's Surrey home TWICE in one day
by Susan HillJamie Redknapp’s family were said to be shaken last night after his home was targeted by masked raiders TWICE in one day.
The Sky footie pundit, 46, was away at the time but his housekeeper was in the £6million pad as the gang made their first attempt to break in.
She made a frantic 999 call and the raiders fled the property in Oxshott, Surrey – which Jamie shared with pop star ex Louise.
But in a brazen move, the raiders returned in the early hours for another crack.
This time, Jamie’s alarm system flagged them up – but the gang managed to break into one of his cars and stole a number of valuable items from the boot.
Police arrived at 5.14am on Tuesday but the thieves had already scarpered.
Jamie and Louise, who divorced after 19 years and share custody of sons Charley, 15, and Beau, 11, remain close and a source said the incident has shaken the family.
They said: “The thinking is the gang had been monitoring Jamie’s social media and seen he was out of the country.
“Jamie has been targeted before and he had already stepped up his security.
“The property is surrounded by tall hedgerows and has a set of large electronic gates at the entrance as well as a state-of-the-art alarm. The kids were pretty shaken up by it all and were asking a lot of questions.
“Jamie and Louise have reassured them that everything would be OK but obviously it’s a pretty harrowing thing for them to all go through.”
Last night, Surrey Police said enquiries were still ongoing and they could not give any details of what was swiped.
A force spokesman said: “We were called to a report of a man breaking into a car in Oxshott. A number of items are believed to have been taken from the boot.
“An area search was undertaken and some items were recovered.
“Further enquiries established two men were seen acting suspiciously in the area earlier in the morning and another vehicle was entered but nothing was taken.”
When Jamie and Louise got divorced, he stayed on in the family home while Louise bought a pad around the corner.
She has recently revealed she poured her pain at their split into some of the songs on her new solo album Heavy Love – the former Eternal star’s first record in 18 years.
Jamie’s spokesman was contacted for comment.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block about %}
This application is a online free SQL formatting tool. Modules used in this application is sqlparser. Please use folowing button to visit its github page


Historical Background
Springtime weather made an early appearance this past week, bringing warm weather, heavy rains and even strong storms to the Midwest. In certain areas of the country, spring means extreme weather and the occasional tornado. This week’s dataset looks at tornado records in the United States from 1950 through 1999.
Click here to download this week's dataset
During this time, the alert system for, and our understanding of, tornados evolved dramatically. The first recognized tornado forecast was made by Major E.J. Fawbush and Captain R.C. Miller at Tinker Air Force Base in Oklahoma in 1948. After evaluating weather conditions that caused an incredibly disruptive tornado only 5 days prior, and the conditions on March 25, 1948, they issued a warning for the base for that evening from 4:00pm to 6:00pm. As forecast, the conditions were favorable for tornadic activity and a tornado struck the base near 6:00pm. Despite the unpredictable nature of thunderstorms and associated tornadic activity, Fawbush and Miller were correct in issuing their warning.
The early 1950’s also saw vast improvements in the Weather Spotter Network, including more general use of spotters who had previously been used to warn military installations of impending weather. Technological advancements also came on the scene in the 50’s – the biggest being Radar. Born out of military necessity, radar’s ability to identify the “hook echo” signature of tornadic activity made it a valuable tool in forecasting severe weather across the nation.
Additional development of mechanisms to forecast tornados and severe weather proceeded through the decade, and in 1965 the tornado watch and tornado warnings that Midwesterners are familiar with were standardized. Around this time, and through the mid 1970’s, the dissemination of the warnings was also standardized. The National Weather Wire Service (now the NOAA Weather Wire Service) developed a teletype system to provide watch and warning products to radio and television stations in proximity to National Weather Service offices. Computer and satellite systems eventually replaced the teletype system and extended the reach of watches and warnings. The improvements led to the Emergency Alert System released in 1997.
While these developments were made in the warning systems, our fascination with tornados drove progress in forecasting severe weather and tornados. From advanced radar to a network of trained spotters to professional storm chasers, countless hours of research has been done on severe storms. The combination of this additional research and advances in warning systems has influenced the public’s awareness of imminent threats, undoubtedly saved lives.
With this background and the data set, what can you visualize? Remember to post your viz to Twitter, tagging @TThrowbackThurs with the hashtag #ThrowbackThursday.
Data Source
This week's data comes from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database. Please be sure to credit the data source in your visualization.
Information for this week's post comes from the following reference: Coleman, Timothy A., et al. “The History (and Future) of Tornado Warning Dissemination in the United States.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol. 92, no. 5, 2011, pp. 567–582., doi:10.1175/2010bams3062.1.
Data Notes
Information on the columns for the data source can be found here. Note that there are some questionable longitudes and latitudes in the dataset. In the interest of maintaining the original data, we did not make any attempt to correct these. Additionally, there are several tornados for which there are null Fujita ratings. We considered these unrecorded, and indicated as such in our visualizations.


head --lines count path/to/file- Output the first few bytes of a file:
head --bytes count path/to/file- Output everything but the last few lines of a file:
head --lines -count path/to/file- Output everything but the last few bytes of a file:
head --bytes -count path/to/file


Physicist, Mathematician, Cambridge professor.
Standing on the shoulders of giants
Laws of motion, gravitation, minting coins, disliking Robert Hooke
Cooling, power series, optics, alchemy, planetary motions, apples.
1654-1660
The King’s School, Grantham.
June 1661 - now
Trinity College, Cambridge
1667 - death
Trinity College, Cambridge
2012
President, Royal Society, London, UK
Associate, French Academy of Science, Paris, France
1669
Newton Sir I, De analysi per æquationes numero terminorum infinitas.
1669
Lectiones opticæ.
etc. etc. etc.
2012
Infinitesimal calculus for solutions to physics problems, SMBC patent 001
1600
Royal Mint, London
1600
Lucasian professor of Mathematics, Cambridge University


 A true hero to our people! Please accept this Mark of Ketra's Alliance - Level 4! Now Gatekeeper Kurfa will teleport you to nearby villages!
There is but one level of trust left for you to attain!


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This site makes extensive use of JavaScript to download data, format it for your screen and allow you to interact with the page.

Please enable JavaScript...the site simply won't work without it.


Issue 136
Welcome to another issue of Haskell Weekly!  This is a weekly summary of what’s going on in its community.
Featured
-
The Little Typer Interview by Adam Gordon Bell
You can write more correct software and even rigorous mathematical proofs. Let’s learn about dependent types with Dan and David.
-
It is the second edition of a Haskell summer school in Poznań, Poland. This time we have three tracks and as usual great speakers. The CFP is open and we have a scholarship program for people from disadvantaged backgrounds.
-
Almost time by Julie Moronuki
We are excited to announce that a new course, Timepieces, will be beginning next week. This course is going to be about building basically the same project, a native GUI clock app, with different libraries so we can compare them.
-
Building terminal user interfaces in Haskell by Robert Bobbett
In this month’s webinar, Tom Sydney Kerckhove will demonstrate just how easy it is to get started with Terminal User Interfaces (TUIs). As a recap, TUIs are text-based user interfaces for use from a terminal.
-
Detecting the undetectable: Custom type errors for stuck type families by Csongor Kiss
Anyone who has written or used one of these libraries will know that despite the authors’ best efforts, there are still many occasions where a wall of text jumps out, leaving us puzzled as to what went wrong.
-
Introduction to state machine testing: Part 3 by Andrew McMiddlin
We’re going to look at why Hedgehog required our state and input types to be parameterized on a type constructor, what the
Var
,Symbolic
andConcrete
types are all about, and why we needHTraversable
instances for our inputs. -
Laziness quiz by Matt Parsons
Do you understand laziness? It’s okay if you don’t. Most people don’t. It can be somewhat surprising when something actually gets evaluated in Haskell, even when you’re using bang patterns.
-
Lens by Example: Writing traversals by Chris Penner
Most lens tutorials show you how to use and compose traversals, but most skim over how to write complex traversals. Let’s dive in!
-
Moving to GitLab by Ben Gamari
A few weeks ago I wrote to this list proposing that we consider moving GHC’s development infrastructure to GitLab. While the original proposal provided a small test instance to play with, it wasn’t complete enough to use in earnest.
Jobs
-
Haskell Engineer at Mercury in San Francisco
Mercury is a bank for tech startups. We’re building a product that will power the future of American industry. This turns out to be pretty ambitious for a team of eight, so we’re bringing one more product-minded engineer on board to help us achieve it.
-
We’d be very happy to host a motivated student, who is keen to improve our compiler for the functional logic programming language Curry in terms of performance.
In brief
- Building network actors with Enecuum Node Framework
- CFP: LambdaConf 2019
- Idris 2: Type-driven development of Idris
- Discussion about “Maybe Not” by Rich Hickey
- MIRI’s newest recruit: Edward Kmett!
- Monthly Hask Anything
- Programming Language Foundations in Agda
- Simplicity: High-assurance smart contracting
- Summoner 1.2.0: TUI and better scaffolding
Package of the week
This week’s package of the week is nonempty-containers
,
a library that provides non-empty variants of containers
data types.
Call for participation
- bugsnag-haskell: Integration testing
- hledger: print can show unbalanced transactions with a commodity directive
Events
North America
- 2018-12-06 in Durham, NC, USA by Durham Haskell Meetup: Morning Haskell (and Rust!) coding session
- 2018-12-06 in Raleigh, NC, USA by Raleigh Haskell Meetup: (hack . yack)
- 2018-12-06 in Austin, TX, USA by Austin Haskell Users Group: Haskell Beginner-Friendly Lab
- 2018-12-07 in Gainesville, FL, USA by Gainesville functional programming: Holiday Meetup Party
- 2018-12-08 in Chilliwack, BC, Canada by ChilliHask Haskell User Group: Weekly Haskell Coding Meetup
- 2018-12-08 in Norcross, GA, USA by Norcross Haskathon: Norcross Haskathon
- 2018-12-08 in Boston, MA, USA by Weekly Functional Programming Meetup: Hang out, chat FP, work on some code
- 2018-12-10 in Irvine, CA by Orange Combinator - Functional Programming In OC: Combinating - The Weekly Function
- 2018-12-11 in San Francisco, CA, USA by Bay Area Haskell Users Group: Haskell talks at Formation
- 2018-12-12 in Montréal, QC, Canada by Lambda Montreal: Richard Kallos presents: An introduction to the Pony programming language
- 2018-12-13 in Las Vegas, NV, USA by Las Vegas Functional Programming User Group: Functional Programming Meetup
Europe
- 2018-12-06 in Graz, Austria by Functional Programming Graz: Functional Programming Meetup
- 2018-12-06 in London, United Kingdom by Skills Matter - X Matters Series - Free Developer Events: Mobile Matters with Paul Hudson!
- 2018-12-07 in Ljubljana, Slovenia by Ljubljana Lambdas: Ljubljana Lambdas December 2018
- 2018-12-08 in Berlin, Germany by Study Haskell: Weekly Haskell-studying session
- 2018-12-10 in Karlsruhe, Germany by Karlsruhe Haskell Meetup: Haskell Monday
- 2018-12-12 in Berlin, Germany by Berlin Haskell Users Group: Haskell Wednesday
- 2018-12-12 in Rapperswil, Switzerland by HaskellerZ: Safe programming in Industry, Testing in Haskell (Guest Lecture at the HSR)
- 2018-12-12 in Prague, Czech Republic by Prague Lambda Meetup: Clojure Wednesday - Xmas edition
- 2018-12-12 in Sophia-Antipolis, France by Lambda Riviera: Higher Order Function in Spark SQL
- 2018-12-12 in Copenhagen, Denmark by Mødegruppe for F#unktionelle Københavnere: [Lorenzo López]: Lenses for the mere mortal
- 2018-12-12 in Göteborg, Sweden by Got.λ - Göteborg Functional Programming Group: Lightning talk and Advent of Code
- 2018-12-13 in Zürich, Switzerland by HaskellerZ: Scala eXchange London
- 2018-12-13 in Brno, Czech Republic by Functional Programming Brno: Scala eXchange London 2018 (2 free tickets)
- 2018-12-13 in London, United Kingdom by Hoodlums: Hoodlums Meetup
- 2018-12-13 in London, N1 0QH, United Kingdom by London Functional Programmers: Scala eXchange @Skills Matter
Asia
- 2018-12-06 in Gurugram, India by DelhiNCR Haskell And Functional Programming Languages Group: FPNCR Monthly meetup
- 2018-12-06 in Singapore, Singapore by HASKELL.SG: December Singapore Haskell Meetup
- 2018-12-09 in Bangalore, India by Bangalore Functional Programmers Meetup: Nonstrictness in Haskell
- 2018-12-13 in Bangkok, Thailand by Bangkok Functional Programmers: Christmas Code War “World Cup of Code”/“ศึกเขียนโค๊ดแห่งปี”
- 2018-12-13 in Hong Kong, Hong Kong by Hong Kong Functional Programming: A Road to Dependently Typed Haskell Core: Coercion Quantification


N
Please Select House Chores to be Completed
By The Househelp
Clean Living Room
Wash Bathroom & toilet
Clean Personal Room
Wash Dishes
Wash Car
wash clothes
Add a new House Chores
Copyright © Househelp Inc. 2021


COACH
The Brief
The fitness industry is experiencing disruption due to advancement in technology. Today’s consumers are embracing wearable technologies and other activity-tracking products more than ever before. However, despite the availability of personal metrics, people continue to struggle to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
The Problem
We made interviews and a survey to gather enough data for our research. We wanted to know how people defined healthy living, their efforts to achieve that lifestyle, their goals, and frustrations. Our main takeaway was that most people want to live a healthy lifestyle but don’t feel motivated enough to make it a priority.
Root causes were:
- Lack of motivation
- Accountability
- Accessibility
Survey findings:
- 57% look to friends and family for fitness inspiration or information.
- 67% wished that they had exercised more within the past week.
- 55% identified a lack of time as the main obstacle keeping them from exercise.
- 65% would train anywhere other than in the gym.
My proposed solution:
An app where you can book a coach to show you how to do any sport. It proactive recommends activities based on the user’s interests. Alert preferences are set in the on-boarding and delivered by geolocation.
Benefits
- Encouraging users to enroll in exciting activities they can do on his own like diving, biking, and other gym alternatives.
- Users can meet other health-oriented people and become more health aware by association.
- The user will be alerted of activities that interests him nearby, wherever he goes.
- People can learn at their own pace and convenience by booking any exercise available whenever they want.
Our research consisted of learning about the fitness technology industry, its main players, and also interviewing people. We created personas, journey maps, and wireframes. Solving the issue of motivation, accountability and accessibility was a team effort. Each of us designed low and mid fidelity prototypes to validate our concepts. We then tested the usability of our concepts' high fidelity prototypes. Part of this exercise required me to design a style tile and a logo for the app. After doing research and testing our concepts, we gathered enough data to design a final product that tackles the issue of motivation, accountability and accessibility. I will soon share on this website a detailed case study of this product.
Tools: Sketch, Photoshop, and Illustrator.
- Client:
DESIGNATION
- Date:
April 2016
- Service:
ux / ui design


Code to pass in console:
Url need to be opened to every token again. (Token lives only 300s)
Open url in new tab:


Writes a single data record into an Amazon Kinesis Firehose delivery stream. To write multiple data records into a delivery stream, use put-record-batch . Applications using these operations are referred to as producers.
By default, each delivery stream can take in up to 2,000 transactions per second, 5,000 records per second, or 5 MB per second. Note that if you use put-record and put-record-batch , the limits are an aggregate across these two operations for each delivery stream. For more information about limits and how to request an increase, see Amazon Kinesis Firehose Limits .
You must specify the name of the delivery stream and the data record when using put-record . The data record consists of a data blob that can be up to 1,000 KB in size, and any kind of data, for example, a segment from a log file, geographic location data, web site clickstream data, etc.
Firehose buffers records before delivering them to the destination. To disambiguate the data blobs at the destination, a common solution is to use delimiters in the data, such as a newline (\n ) or some other character unique within the data. This allows the consumer application(s) to parse individual data items when reading the data from the destination.
The put-record operation returns a RecordId , which is a unique string assigned to each record. Producer applications can use this ID for purposes such as auditability and investigation.
If the put-record operation throws a ServiceUnavailableException , back off and retry. If the exception persists, it is possible that the throughput limits have been exceeded for the delivery stream.
Data records sent to Firehose are stored for 24 hours from the time they are added to a delivery stream as it attempts to send the records to the destination. If the destination is unreachable for more than 24 hours, the data is no longer available.
See also: AWS API Documentation
put-record
--delivery-stream-name <value>
--record <value>
[--cli-input-json <value>]
[--generate-cli-skeleton <value>]
--delivery-stream-name (string)
The name of the delivery stream.
The record.
Shorthand Syntax:
Data=blob
JSON Syntax:
{
"Data": blob
}
--cli-input-json (string) Performs service operation based on the JSON string provided. The JSON string follows the format provided by --generate-cli-skeleton. If other arguments are provided on the command line, the CLI values will override the JSON-provided values.
--generate-cli-skeleton (string) Prints a JSON skeleton to standard output without sending an API request. If provided with no value or the value input, prints a sample input JSON that can be used as an argument for --cli-input-json. If provided with the value output, it validates the command inputs and returns a sample output JSON for that command.


Susan Sarandon suffers concussion after dramatic fall, shares photos of other injuries
by Jessica NapoliSusan Sarandon is on the mend after suffering multiple injuries in a rough fall.
The actress, 73, revealed on social media she had to cancel an event she had scheduled with Sen. Bernie Sanders in New Hampshire. She took to Instagram to show off her intense injuries.
SUSAN SARANDON APPEARS TO TAKE SHOT AT WARREN DURING SANDERS EVENT
"A little slip = concussion, fractured nose, banged up knee,” she wrote along with a selfie of a bruised her face with a swollen lump above her eye.
“So, looks like I won’t be able to meet the folks in New Hampshire with Senator [Bernie] Sanders tomorrow. I’m really sorry I’ll miss that opportunity.”
Sarandon then used the post to bring awareness to climate change and gun violence.
LIBERAL HOLLYWOOD STARS DEBRA MESSING AND SUSAN SARANDON'S FEUD FESTERS
“This is an emergency. Ask the scientists, the farmers, the creatures in the sea. Ask all those who have lost their homes from hurricanes, flood and fire, ask the endless stream of climate refugees, and the people of Flint, San Juan, and Standing Rock,” she wrote.
“This is a [sic] emergency. Ask the mothers who have lost their children to the opioid epidemic or because of the price of insulin. Ask the mothers who have lost their kids to gun violence in schools, in churches, in their bedrooms. This is an emergency."
“Ask those separated from their families at the border, or those separated from their loved ones by an unjust, racist, for-profit prison system,” she continued.
SUSAN SARANDON PUTS POLITICS OVER ACTING
“This is an emergency when our young people have no hope for education, for dream-making, because of insurmountable student debt. When teachers are forced to have additional jobs and when 40 hours of honest labor can still leave you in poverty. …”
Sarandon also endorsed Sanders for president in 2016.


--- layout: main pagename: writing title: Writing pathToHome: "" ---
I’ve been a writer longer than I’ve been a designer/developer, and it’s something I hope I’ll be doing until the day I die. I write articles on everything from JavaScript to professional skills to mental health to movies, and you’ll find my articles in numerous online publications.
In addition to writing various places, I’m also an editor at A List Apart, and I have a few little side projects that I run as well, detailed below.
These are big publications that have featured my writing.
These are my little side projects.
Not really writing, but I co-host a podcast on movies and mental health. Check us out!


 The blog contains small bits of information that I've run across over the years. While I'm a Software Engineer by trade, I have learnt much over the years about infrastructure services (DNS, DHCP, LDAP/AD, File Services, Storage, Networking, OS Internals, etc) This blog is where I keep my notes on infrastructure, applications, operating systems hacks, etc.
... what we get when I engineer the software and execute the codes ... always think in hex ...
{% endblocktrans %} {% endblock %}


I am Associate Professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. I work mostly in philosophy of mind & language, particularly at their intersection with metaethics and philosophy of mathematics. I also work on some questions in metaphysics and formal epistemology.
Before coming to UMass, I was a postdoc at USC. I got my PhD from MIT.
(Oh, and my last name is in two words — ‘Pérez’ is not a middle name.)


{% extends "main_pages/base.html" %} {% load snippet_tags %} {% block content %} {% get_lab_infos as infos %}
Sharif University of Technology
{{ infos.intoduction_text }}


Implement the parse_math
in the file linked above. We wrote tests for this function in class. Use the unit tests to guide your implementation and keep in mind that all of the tests we wrote need to pass in order for your code to be considered correct.
Submit your implementation on Moodle.
You can run the doctests from the command line using the Pytest tool.
pytest --doctest-modules parse_math.py
Remember that passing the tests is a necessary, but not sufficient condition to demonstrate program correctness. Keep an eye out for situations not covered by the tests and feel free to add test cases.
You will likely want to process one character at a time. Parsers are often written to be “stateful”. This means that as you process an additional character you decide how to treat that character based on the characters you’ve seen previously.
For example, operands can consist of more than one character. This means that when we come upon a digit we can’t just assume that’s the entire operand and convert it to an int, we have to wait to see if the integer has additional digits.
By the same token (get it?), when we run into an operator, we know that we can process it immediately, but we may have already been in the midst of processing a multi-character operand, so we have to close out any existing operand processing (convert the characters to an integer) before we can handle the operator.


{%load staticfiles %} {%csrf_token%}
Please enter your new password twice so we can verify you typed it in correctly.


Some representative placeholder content for the first slide.
Some representative placeholder content for the second slide.
Some representative placeholder content for the third slide.
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.


| FEATURE ARTICLE | ||||||||||
Dr. Paul Mason is Co-Ordinator of the Centre for Media & Justice, Southampton, England.
|
Court on Camera: Electronic Broadcast Coverage of the Legal Proceedings by Dr Paul Mason Introduction The representation of law and order in the media has long been the subject of debate. Most people have little direct contact or experience with the criminal justice system and consequently rely on media reports and representations of it to supplement their knowledge. A recent addition to this debate is television coverage of courtroom proceedings, highlighted by disputed media reporting of the OJ Simpson and Louise Woodward trials. Trials such as these have led some commentators to suggest justice has been reduced to voyeuristic entertainment.2 These arguments were revisited when the BBC unsuccessfully argued for television and Internet coverage of the Lockerbie trial.3 However, other trials of international significance have embraced audio visual technology. The international criminal tribunals concerned with the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia (International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia) and atrocities in Rwanda (International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda) are both televised. I recently completed a report for the ICTY on the impact of electronic broadcast coverage of its trials on court participants. I will return to this later but it is important first to briefly outline the principle contentions surrounding the use of cameras in court.4 Arguments supporting the use of cameras in court
(i)Don't shoot the messenger: television as scrutineer Perhaps the strongest argument for cameras in court is that television opens up the court to public scrutiny. This is often expressed as a logical extension of the First Amendment right of the media and arguably may reduce the likelihood of judicial impropriety and possible injustices. This was posited by the United States Supreme Court in Press-Enterprise v Superior Court (1984):
Public confidence in the criminal justice system rests on their perception of it: a perception based primarily on media representations. Television cameras, it is argued, ensure that justice is seen to be done. Conversely, if the camera shows that justice is manifestly not being done this is not the fault of the camera but of the justice system itself. This
'don't shoot the messenger' argument was used frequently throughout the
O.J. Simpson case. Cynthia Glozier, a producer at Court TV, and Greta Van
Susteren, legal analyst at CNN, both argued that because people were
uncomfortable with what the camera showed they blamed the camera:
"All they do is tell what happened in the courtroom. The O.J. Simpson
case has created sort of a knee-jerk reaction".5
The premise here is that television does not distort proceedings but simply shows them, warts and all. Proponents of televised court cases argue that television is a more accurate, purer form of court journalism than the printed press. It is the printed press, they argue, that contributes to the media circus. The camera allows the public to make up their own minds rather than rely on a third-person account of events. (ii) Learning the Law: television as educator If televising courtroom proceedings enables the public to examine the legal system, it also informs them of its workings. By putting cameras in the courtroom, millions of people have the opportunity to understand their criminal justice system. Indeed, tapes of actual trials are often and increasingly used as teaching tools for law students and attorneys. Court TV donates tapes to United States schools and colleges as part of the Cable in the Classroom programme.
(iii) Camera shy? Research findings on camera impact The principal fear about putting cameras in courts is the effect that the camera may have on the participants in the trial. Those in favour of cameras can point to several studies that show cameras have almost no effect on proceedings. Four U.S. jurisdictions have conducted their own research into the effects of cameras in their courts. The Judicial Conference of the United States stated in its report on cameras in six federal district courts and two circuit courts that there had been no negative impact on the trial. (iv) O.J. not O.K.: Simpson trial an aberration If the research findings into the effect of cameras in courts constitute one of the strongest arguments for the pro-television lobby, the O.J. Simpson trial is probably the weakest. Accusations of attorney 'showboating,' excessive trial length and a camera-affected judge have been well documented but those supporting televised trials argue that the Simpson trial was the exception that proves the rule. In answering criticism of the camera coverage of the Simpson trial, many argue it was not the camera that created the behaviour of the trial participants. Television, argued the editorial in Broadcast & Cable, 'did not control the hemlines on Marcia Clark's skirts'.6 Nor can it be proved that things would have been different if the cameras had not been there.
(v) Case law in favour of the courtroom camera
There are four US cases all decided in the early 1980s, which supporters of cameras in court contend back their argument. In 1980 Richmond Newspapers v Virginia held that the Sixth Amendment right to a public trial was afforded not only to defendants, but belonged also to the public. The next year Chandler v State of Florida (1981) evaluated the constitutionality of revised Canon 3A(7) of the Florida Code of Judicial Conduct which permitted electronic media coverage of judicial courts. It ruled that the presence of a camera in court did not inherently deprive a criminal defendant of a fair trial. In Globe Newspaper Co. v Superior Court (1982) it was held that a Massachusettes law prohibiting access to trials involving sexual offences on a minor violated the First Amendment. It ruled that the state must show compelling government interest to exclude the public and press from a trial. Later in People v Spring (1984) the court ruled that the presence of a television camera during a trial did not violate the criminal's sixth Amendment right to a fair trial.
Arguments against cameras in court
(i) Heeeeeeeeere's justice: soundbites and sensationalism Many arguments in favour of cameras in the court are based on the assumption that the public watches what has been termed 'gavel to gavel' broadcasts of trials, that is to say unabridged airings of court proceedings. It is this coverage that educates the people and opens the court up for public examination. Opponents point out that the practical reality of television audiences is rather different. They submit that the public tends to watch the edited highlights of a case, which potentially misrepresent the facts. It was precisely this fear that led the United States Judicial Conference to end the three-year experiment of cameras in six federal state courts in 1994. This decision was taken despite the Federal Judicial Centre concluding that no trial during the three years had been adversely affected. Several judges who sat on the Conference stated they would reconsider their decision if proceedings were broadcast gavel to gavel. Critics of televised trials propose it is what television does with the trial footage that is potentially so damaging. The story presented to judge and jury is presented over the course of the trial. In contrast, television news stories will focus on what is most interesting to the audience rather than what is most important to the proceedings. Reporters may use, for example, footage of a defendant in tears and join film with their own storyline. This could create a narrative that may differ from the central issue of the case. It is not only television's potential to prejudice cases that concerns commentators, but also the use of harrowing and disturbing trials as entertainment. Televised trials are simply 'voyeurism tarted up in rights talk'.7 Television, they submit, is there to entertain and this will necessitate converting hours of legal argument and technicality into compulsive viewing. As West comments:
(ii) Television fosters disrespect for the court Associated with criticism of televised trials as sensational is the accusation that cameras diminish the court's dignity. This argument was used in the Supreme Court of Mississippi where cameras were excluded from the Byron de la Beckwith murder trial in 1995 and the Susan Smith murder trial in July of the same year. Also, in 1995 Superior Court Judge Lawrence Antolini restricted coverage to the first five minutes of each court day in the Polly Klaas murder trial. The potential for cameras to interfere with the decorum of judicial proceedings has led several U.S. judges to speak out on the matter, including Judge William L Howard:
(iii) Starstruck: cameras pervert the trial process Despite research to the contrary, opponents of television in court maintain that the presence of cameras affects participants. This is argued on two fronts. First, it is contended that existing research, which concludes that trial participants suffer no adverse effects from cameras in court, is methodologically flawed. Lassiter critiques the individual state research (discussed above) and argues that the samples used in the studies were too small. The Nevada study only surveyed thirty-one respondents, while Virginia and California relied on less than 60. He also suggests that the self-reporting techniques adopted in all the surveys created a bias in the results. The second line of argument is based on research which suggests that cameras do affect those in the court. In 1991 the New York Bar Association reported that cameras do have a prejudicial impact.10 Among the findings, 35% of attorneys said that the atmosphere was uneasy as a result of cameras, 56% of defence attorneys reported that they felt the fairness of the trial was affected by cameras and 19% of witnesses admitted to being distracted. There also remain accusations of trial attorney grandstanding, particularly in the OJ trial:
The suggestion is that cameras turn the courtroom into a much larger stage where the audience watches in millions. Lawyers, aware of this transformation, become either showy actors or inhibited by the presence of a camera.
(iv) Case law against cameras in court The principal case used by those opposing cameras in courts was decided in 1965. Estes v Texas (1947), a Supreme Court decision, ruled that there should be no constitutional right to cameras in court. The decision overturned the trial court's criminal conviction of Billie Sol Estes for the criminal felony of swindling. It also overruled the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals on the basis that the presence of cameras, inter alia, had deprived the defendant of his right to due process. Although not banning them outright, the decisions to bar cameras in the high-profile cases of Byron de la Beckwith, Susan Smith and Timothy McVeigh have been seen by critics as slowing the momentum of televising court proceedings.
(v) Effect on victims and witnesses
The compromising of the safety of court participants has been highlighted by some as another reason to keep cameras out of courts. There is the danger that the camera acts as a tertiary form of victimisation: once by the crime, secondly during the trial and thirdly by the camera. This has been addressed by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and is discussed below. There is also concern that witnesses may simply not come forward to testify at all. Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor to the U.K. Government speaking on coverage of the Louise Woodward trial, is uneasy about this potential effect:
Electronic Broadcast Coverage of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia The arguments above have been pertinent to the use of cameras at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). The three purpose-built courtrooms all contain six cameras which zoom and tilt. Although responsibility for the communicative design of the trials lies with the Tribunal's four video directors, their decisions are restricted. Among other things there must be no panning or zooms on screen and directors must cut away from any visibly distressed court participant. Witnesses have the right not to be shown and their identity can be hidden through face and/or voice distortion. The footage itself is filmed live but broadcast with a thirty minute delay to protect court participants. If a mistake were made, for example if witness details were revealed in open court, then the thirty minute delay allows the coverage to be 'redacted'. This is where proceedings are stopped and defence and prosecution put forward their arguments why the coverage should be redacted. The judges make an immediate decision sent directly to the director in the control booth and that part of the proceedings is removed from the subsequent transmission. The ICTY represents the first attempt, by an international community to enforce international humanitarian law in armed conflict since the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg after the Second World War.13 Its mandate was to prosecute those persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the former Yugoslavia since 1991. The ICTY has the authority to prosecute four types of offences. These are crimes against humanity, grave breaches of the 1949 Geneva Conventions; violations of the laws or customs of war and genocide.14
Overview of Research The report compiled on the impact of electronic broadcast coverage of ICTY court proceedings sought to elicit and analyse court participants' views in five areas: the impact, if any, of the presence of cameras on the behaviour of judges, counsel, witnesses and defendant; the function of recording and broadcasting Tribunal proceedings and the nature and quality of such television coverage; the effect, if any, of the use of cameras on the administration of justice and decorum of proceedings in the Tribunal's courtrooms; the extent to which other international trials could adopt the Tribunal's audio visual policy in its courtrooms, in particular the Lockerbie trial; and the extent to which national justice systems could adopt the Tribunal's audio visual policy in its courtrooms. Space precludes a discussion of all of these areas; what follows is a discussion of the impact of cameras on court participants and the role of electronic broadcast coverage of court proceedings in international legal proceedings, including the Lockerbie trial.
I Effect of Cameras on Court Participants One of the most important elements of the study of electronic broadcast coverage of court proceedings at the ICTY was to ascertain what impact, if any, the presence of cameras had on proceedings. Respondents were asked whether they thought televising proceedings affected the behaviour in court of themselves, witnesses, judges, counsel and defendants. The overwhelming majority of respondents (92%) stated they were only 'occasionally' or 'rarely aware' of the cameras in the courtroom. It is interesting to note, however, that no respondent claimed to be totally unaware of their presence either. Judges were the most aware of cameras in the court; 16% stated they were 'very aware' and 67% reported being 'occasionally aware'. The primary reason given by those who stated that the presence of cameras did not affect them in the trial chamber was concentration on the case itself. On a practical level, respondents described the cameras as Adiscreet@, Aunobtrusive@ and<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Many respondents explained that they simply forgot that cameras were present in the courtroom: When asked about the effect of cameras on witness behaviour, the majority of respondents (55%) thought it was possible that witnesses were affected. A significant proportion (20%), however, did state that in their view, witness testimony is affected in some way by cameras, while a quarter of respondents thought the reverse. The uncertainty surrounding witness' behaviour in court centred on the nature of the Tribunal itself. It was argued by many respondents that the nature of cross examination and the consequent pressure on a witness during a trial made testimony an exacting task. Determining the effect that a camera has on a witness was therefore difficult. In discussing the insignificance of cameras on witnesses, some respondents remarked on the painful nature of testimony. Not simply the pressure of giving evidence at the Tribunal but the content itself:
Counsel 2 Very few respondents stated that cameras in the court affected judges (4%). It was felt by respondents that judges, more than any other group, were the least likely to alter their behaviour in court in front of cameras. Respondents who suggested judges were largely unaffected by cameras in the courtroom gave two primary reasons: professionalism and familiarity. Respondents proposed that judges were experienced, highly competent people who could focus on the job in hand. Secondly, by sitting in court daily, judges became accustomed to the technology in the courtroom, including cameras. Compared with other court participants, respondents saw counsel as more likely to be affected by cameras in the Tribunal's courtrooms. 80% thought counsel were either affected or possibly affected, although the majority reported the latter. Where judges were more unsure of the camera's effect on their own behaviour, most counsel (75%) reported not being affected. Perhaps significantly, 25% of counsel themselves and 33% of judges reported that cameras in court affected their behaviour. The main reasons given by respondents for counsel being unaffected by cameras were the same as that given for judges: professionalism and familiarity:
Court Staff 5 Respondents also remarked on the nature of advocacy and suggested that counsel behaviour was, by its very nature, embellished. Consequently, they contended, the behaviour of counsel was the same with or without cameras:
Counsel 3
25% of all respondents stated that cameras in the courtroom affected counsel. When asked how this manifested itself, respondents talked of 'showboating', 'play-acting' and 'dramatics'. There was some specific reference to the political aspect of the trials: that counsel would use the wider audience created by the transmission of proceedings:
Counsel 3 As with other court participants, there is an uncertainty in respondents' minds whether the cameras alter the behaviour of defendants: 51% stating that defendants may possibly be affected. The number of respondents who thought defendants were affected was low and was only half as many as those that thought defendants were unaffected.
Very little was said about the effect of cameras on defendants. The general opinion was that their passive position in proceedings and the nature of the indictment against them made the presence of cameras insignificant:
Counsel 3 From the data collected from interviews with respondents, there was a general consensus that cameras in court do not affect participants. This was true both in self-assessment and in evaluation of the impact of cameras upon other court participants
II Electronic Broadcast Coverage of International Legal Proceedings
The potential impact and contribution of the ICTY's audio visual policy to other international trials is significant. Many ICTY staff argued that cameras should be encouraged in the administration of international justice. There were two predominant reasons offered. First, to recount to the international community the workings of the court. Echoing the reasons given by respondents for the use of cameras at the ICTY, a large proportion of those interviewed stated that cameras at other international trials would enable worldwide circulation of the international judicial process. In essence, cameras enable justice to be seen to be doneBallowing the international community the opportunity to scrutinise the due process of international justice. It would further address the problem of geographical location of a trial. The camera can create a global public gallery. Secondly, respondents argued that cameras enabled endorsement and approval from the international community. It was also stressed, by counsel in particular, that the notion of international justice is a recent one and that communicating to as wider an audience as possible facilitates greater understandingBAit's all pretty new stuff,@ commented one counsel. However, respondents continually emphasised the importance of the ICTY's internal control over televising Tribunal proceedings; some concern was expressed that external agencies in international proceedings could prove problematic:
Judge 1
III The Lockerbie Bomb Trial The trial of Ali Mohammed al-Megrahi and al-Amin Kalifa Fhima, accused of planting the bomb that exploded on Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, opened at Camp Zeist in The Netherlands under Scottish law on 3rd May 2000. Although not under international law, the trial has international significanceBvarying nationalities involved in the case, the location of the trial and so on and for these reasons respondents were asked to comment on whether they thought cameras should form part of the trial. A vast majority of respondents argued that cameras should be present in the Lockerbie trial. The most common rationale given by respondents concerned the victims' families. Many thought that the presence of cameras would enable relatives of those who died to see the trial which they would otherwise be unable to do:
Court Staff 7 Consequent to discussions about the use of cameras in international trials, respondents who contended that the Lockerbie trial should be televised pointed out the importance of the trial within the international community. Electronic broadcast coverage of the trial, it was argued, would show justice being administered. Respondents also discussed the political nature of the trial and whether cameras would, in any sense, politicise the courtroom. There was some consensus concerning the minimal impact cameras would make to the politics of the Lockerbie trial:
Counsel 2 Indeed, it was suggested that the use of audio-visual coverage may have a positive effect on the political nature of the trial:
Court Staff 7 As discussed above, the question whether electronic broadcast equipment should be used in the Lockerbie trial has been raised by the BBC in Scotland. After several appeals, the court found against the BBC, stating the right to a fair trial should be protected. The court argued that the use of cameras in the Lockerbie trial could inter alia discourage witnesses from coming forward and thus 'prejudice the interests of justice'. Respondents at the ICTY, however, have argued that cameras do not prejudice the interests of justice nor affect the impartiality of the court. 92% of respondents stated that cameras did not affect the administration of justice, 46% of whom argued cameras had a positive effect. The divergence in opinion between the Scottish judiciary and court staff at the ICTY may perhaps be explained by public perception. Given the importance of justice being seen to be done in the Lockerbie trial, the use of electronic broadcast equipment, with all its Simpson trial baggage, may have given the public perception of the exact opposite.
Conclusion Electronic broadcast coverage of court proceedings is likely to gain further political significance in the United Kingdom following the recent enactment of the Human Rights Act 1999. The Act incorporates the European Convention on Human Rights into U.K. domestic law. Article 6 states that 'everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law'. The article additionally states that the press may be excluded in the interests of 'morals, public order or national security' or where 'the protection of the private life of the parties so require'. It also expounds that where 'publicity would prejudice the interests of justice' the judge may also exclude the press and public.
Irrespective of the technological developments that may occur, it is undeniable that electronic broadcast coverage of court proceedings will eventually change the British justice system permanently. It is therefore imperative that further and more detailed examination of this contentious issue is undertaken in both political and academic arenas.
Notes on Contributor
Dr Paul Mason is Co-Ordinator of the Centre for Media & Justice, Southampton, England. He studied law at Southampton University before completing a doctoral thesis on the representation of punishment in popular culture. He has written on television crime drama and prison films and is currently writing a book on media interaction with and representation of the British police. He is undertaking further research concerning electronic broadcasts of court proceedings in the European Union. 1. See, among others, Brill, S. (1996) 'Cameras Belong In The Courtroom' in USA Today Magazine July vol. 125 no.2614 p.52; Lassiter, C. (1996) 'TV or not TV - That Is The Question' in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Spring 86 no.3 pp.928 -1095; Goldfarb, R (1995). TV or Not TV: Television, Justice and the Courts New York University Press New York p.88 ; Luft, G. (1997) 'Stopping the circus: "dignified" coverage of the Oklahoma City case' in Columbia Journalism Review March-April vol 35 no. 6 p.11; and Trigobov, D. (1997) 'Court coverage hindered by OJ backlash? Simpson debacle has changed the landscape for cameras in courtrooms' in Broadcast & Cable June 23 vol. 127 no. 26 p. 24
2. Altheide, D. (1984) 'TV News and the Social Construction of Justice: research issues and policy in Surette, R. (Ed) Justice And The Media: issues and research Springfield, IL. Charles C Thomas; Barber, S. (1983) 'The problem of prejudice: a new approach to assessing the impact of courtroom cameras' in Judicature 66(6) pp.248-255; and Clark, C. (1994) 'Courts And The Media' in The CQ Researcher vol 4, issue 35 September 23 p.817. While others argue that justice should be seen to be done, including Burgi, M. (1995) 'Case Dismissed: networks maneuvre to expand coverage of trials despite camera bans' in Mediaweek November 13 vol 5 no. 43 p.16(1); Denniston, L. (1994) 'Are federal cases headed for television?' in American Journalism Review June vol.16 no.5 p.50; and Hernandez, G. (1996) 'Courtroom Cameras Debated' in Editor & Publisher February 17 vol.129 no.7 3. Hogan, D. & Mason, P. (1999) �Let the People see the Lockerbie Trial� in The Times February 9 p.21; Catliff, N. (2000) �Trust the People� in The Guardian G2, p.4 10th February 2000; Mason, P. (2000) �Five Reasons To Televise the Lockerbie Trial� in Head to Head: Cameras in Court� at http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk/newsid%5F652000/652173.stm; and �BBC Loses Lockerbie TV Case� at http://news2.this.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk/scotland/newsis_668000/668337.stm. 4. I am summarising here a fuller account of the arguments in Mason, P. (2000) �Lights, Camera, Justice ? Cameras in the Courtroom; an outline of the issues� in Crime Prevention and Community Safety: an International Journal Vol.2 (3) (2000) pp.23-34 5. Quoted in Marquand, I. (1996) 'Coverage In Courtrooms Age Old Issue For Judges' (SPJ National Convention Special Report) in The Quill October vol.84 no.9 March p.20 6. 'Inferior court decision' in Broadcast & Cable Sept 2 1996 vol 126 no.37 p.86 9. Goldfarb above n 4 p.18 10. West, W. (1997) 'Television In Court Invites Trivialization' in Insight On The News June 23 vol 23 no.23 p.48 11. Judge William L Howard quoted in FOIA (1996) 'Cameras in the courtroom' in The Quill vol.84 no.8 p.22
12. Jaffe, J. (1991) New York State Bar Association Memorandum 17. Smolowe, J. (1995) 'TV Cameras On Trial: the unseemly Simpson spectacle provokes a backlash against televised proceedings' in Time July 24 vol. 146 no.24 p.38 13. Quoted in Law Society Gazette 1997, p.6 14. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), set up in November 1994 is also concerned with crimes against humanity but does not require the crimes to be carried out during armed conflict. 15. Articles 2,3,4 and 5 of the Statute of the International Tribunal.
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lwres_herror, lwres_hstrerror — lightweight resolver error message generation
#include <lwres/netdb.h>
void
lwres_herror(
const char *s)
;
const char *
lwres_hstrerror(
int err)
;
lwres_herror()
prints the string
s
on stderr followed by the string
generated by lwres_hstrerror()
for the error code
stored in the global variable lwres_h_errno
.
lwres_hstrerror()
returns an appropriate string
for the error code gievn by err
. The values of
the error codes and messages are as follows:
Resolver Error 0 (no error)
Unknown host
Host name lookup failure
Unknown server error
No address associated with name


ZKArts
Home
AngularJS Activity #1
Expressions and Interpolation
{{name}} seems to have a message for you :
{{sayMessage()}}
Poke Zelkey
Don't Poke Zelkey


Rylan Clark-Neal collapses to the floor and sobs after Children In Need challenge
The teary scenes mirrored his infamous X Factor meltdown in front of Nicole Scherzinger
by Lucy Needham, https://www.facebook.com/dailymirror/Rylan Clark Neal collapsed to the floor in tears after completing his exhausting 24 hours Karaoke challenge for Children In Need.
The It Takes Two host had been tasked with singing for a whole day and night while Radio 2 listeners spurred him on with their donations.
At 9:15am on Wednesday morning, Rylan's stint finally came to an end with a rousing rendition of Tina Turner's The Best.
For his finale hurrah, Rylan was joined by his Strictly co-presenter Zoe Ball and Pudsey Bear himself as they counted down the final seconds on the clock.
Radio 2 Breakfast host Zoe then confirmed that Rylan had helped raise £845,239, causing the shattered star to burst into tears and drop to his knees.
During his last hour, Rylan had been surprised in the studio by M People's Heather Smalls and Craig David and the Saturdays' Frankie Bridge also popped by.
Rylan was particularly ecstatic to meet Craig, who duetted with him on 90s anthem Fill me In.
"Oh my God. This is unbelievable, I can’t believe it. This is not actually happening," Rylan cried. "Craig knows how much of a fan I am and I’ve met him before but to do that, I’m actually on cloud nine right now."
It's not the first time Rylan has showed off his vocal skills in public.
The new Supermarket Sweep host became a household name following his controversial appearance on the X Factor .
Rylan was picked to be in Nicole Scherzinger's category back in 2012.
Despite his frequent clashes with Gary Barlow, Rylan became a firm fan favourite and finished the series in fifth place.
Since then Rylan's career has gone from strength to strength and he's even buried the hatchet with his former nemesis.
Last month the pair ran into each other at a showbiz party but there was no bad blood.
Rylan and Gary were pictured cuddling up together and shared the snap on social media the next morning.
Former X Factor hopeful Rylan tweeted the sweet snap, captioning it: "After 7 years..... we're good."
He added a red heart and tagged Gary in it, who responded with a thumbs up emoji and another heart.


Perrin stood near the Tuatha’an wagons under bright sunlight, alone, and there was no arrow in his side, no pain. Among the wagons firewood was stacked ready to be lit beneath iron cookpots hanging from tripods, and clothes hung from washlines; there were no people or horses. He wore neither coat nor shirt, but a blacksmith’s long leather vest that left his arms bare. It could have been any dream, perhaps, except that he was aware it was a dream. And he knew the feel of the wolf dream, the reality and solidity of it, from the long grass around his boots to the breeze out of the west that ruffled his curly hair, to the scattered ash and hemlock. The Tinkers’ gaudy wagons did not seem real, though; they had an air of insubstantiality, a feel that they might shimmer and be gone any moment. They never remained long in one place, Tinkers. No soil held them.
Wondering how much the land held him, he rested a hand on his axe—and looked down in surprise. The heavy blacksmith’s hammer hung in the loop on his belt, not the axe. He frowned; once he would have chosen that way, had even thought he had, but surely no more. The axe. He had chosen the axe. Hammerhead suddenly became half-moon blade and thick spike, flickered back to stout cylinder of cold steel, fluttered between. Finally it stopped, as his axe, and he exhaled slowly. That had never happened before. Here, he could change things as he wanted with ease, things about himself at least. “And I want the axe,” he said firmly. “The axe.”
Looking around, he could just see a farmhouse to the south, and deer browsing the barley field, surrounded by a rough stone wall. There was no feel of wolves, and he did not call Hopper. The wolf might or might not come, or even hear, but Slayer could well be out there somewhere. A bristling quiver abruptly tugged at his belt opposite the axe, and he had a stout longbow in his hand with a broadhead arrow nocked. A long leather bracer covered his left forearm. Nothing moved except those deer.
“Not likely I’ll wake soon,” he muttered to himself. Whatever that stuff was that Faile had fed him, it had taken him right off; he remembered it as clearly as if he had watched over her shoulder. “Fed it to me like I was a babe,” he growled. Women!
He took one of those long strides—the land blurred around him—and stepped into the farmyard. Two or three chickens scattered, running as if they had already gone feral. The rock-walled sheepfold stood empty, and both thatch-roofed barns were barred shut. Despite curtains still at the windows, the two-story farmhouse had the look of emptiness. If this was a true reflection of the waking world—and the wolf dream usually was, in an odd way—the people here had been gone for days. Faile was right; his warning had spread beyond the places he had gone.
“Faile,” he murmured wonderingly. Daughter of a lord. No, not just a lord. Three times a lord, a general, and uncle to a queen. “Light, that makes her a queen’s cousin!” And she loved a simple blacksmith. Women were wondrous strange.
Seeking to see how far the word had spread, he zigzagged more than halfway to Deven Ride, a mile or more at a stride, doubling back and crisscrossing his own path. Most farms he saw had that same emptiness; less than one in five showed signs of habitation, doors open and windows up, wash hung out on a line, dolls or hoops or carved wooden horses lying around a doorstep. The toys especially made his stomach clench. Even if they had not believed his warning, surely there were enough burned farms about to tell them the same, tumbled heaps of charred timbers, soot-black chimneys like stark, dead fingers.
 The same doll still sat on the fieldstone steps where he had picked it up. As he reached out, the one in his hand faded and vanished.
Flashes of black in the sky cut short his amazement. Ravens, twenty or thirty together, winging toward the Westwood. Toward the Mountains of Mist, where he had first seen Slayer. He watched coldly while the ravens dwindled to black specks and disappeared. Then he set off after them.
Long, racing strides carried him five miles each, the land a blur except in the moment between one step and the next, into the thick-treed, rocky Westwood, across the scrub-covered Sand Hills, into the cloud-capped mountains, where fir and pine and leatherleaf forested valleys and slopes, to the very valley where he had first seen the man Hopper called Slayer, to the mountainside where he had returned from Tear.
The Way gate stood there, closed, the Avendesora leaf seemingly just one among a myriad of intricately carved leaves and vines. Scattered trees, wizened and wind-sculpted, dotted the sparse soil among the glazed stone where Manetheren had been burned away. Sunlight sparkled on the waters of the Manetherendrelle below. A faint wind up the valley brought him the scent of deer, rabbits, foxes. Nothing moved that he could see.
On the point of leaving, he stopped. The Avendesora leaf. One leaf. Loial had locked the Waygate by placing both leaves on this side. He turned, and his hackles rose. The Waygate stood open, twin masses of living greenery stirring in the breeze, exposing that dull silvery surface; his reflection shimmered in it. How? he wondered.
Unaware of crossing the distance, suddenly he was right at the Waygate. There was no trefoil leaf among the verdant tangle on the inside of the two gates. Strange to think that at that moment, in the waking world, someone—or something—was passing through where he stood. Touching the dull surface, he grunted. It might as well have been a mirror; his hand slid across it as across the smoothest glass.
From the corner of his eye he caught the Avendesora leaf suddenly in its place on the inside, and leaped back just as the Waygate began swinging shut. Someone—or something—had come out, or gone in. Out. It has to be out. He wanted to doubt that it was more Trollocs, and Fades, coming into the Two Rivers. The gates merged, became stone carvings again.
A sense of being watched was all the warning he had. He jumped—a half-seen image of black streaking through where his chest had been; an arrow—jumped in one of those world-blurring stretches, landed on a far slope and jumped again, out of the valley of Manetheren into a stand of towering fir, and again. Running, he thought furiously, picturing the valley in his mind, and that brief glimpse of the arrow. It had come from that direction, at that angle when it reached him, so it had to have come from . . .
A final bound took him back onto a slope above Manetheren’s grave, crouching among meager, wind-slanted pines with bow ready to draw. Below him, among the stunted trees and boulders, the arrow had been fired. Slayer had to be down there somewhere. He had to be down . . .
Without thinking, Perrin leaped away, the mountains a smear of gray and brown and green.
“Almost,” he growled. Almost, he had duplicated his mistake in the Waterwood, thinking again an enemy would move to suit him, wait where he wanted.
This time he ran as hard as he could, only three flashing strides to the edge of the Sand Hills, hoping he had not been seen. This time he circled wide, coming back higher on that same mountainside, up where the air felt thin and cold and the few trees were thick-trunked bushes fifty paces or more apart, up above where a man might set himself to watch for another who meant to sneak up on the place that arrow had fired.
And there his quarry was, a hundred paces below, dark-haired and dark-coated, a tall man crouched beside a table-sized granite outcrop, his own half-drawn bow in hand, studying the slope farther down with eager patience. This was the first time Perrin had gotten a good look at him; a hundred paces was little distance for his eyes.  Only Lan had no brothers—no living kin at all, that Perrin knew—and if he had had any, they would not have been here. A Borderlander, though. Maybe Shienaran, though his hair was long, not shaved to a topknot, and was held back by a braided leather cord just like Lan’s. He could not be Malkieri; Lan was the last living Malkieri.
Wherever he came from, Perrin felt no compunction at all in drawing his bow, broadhead point aimed at Slayer’s back.  A downhill shot could be tricky.
Perhaps he had taken too long, or perhaps the fellow felt his cold gaze, but suddenly Slayer became a blur, streaking away east.
With a curse, Perrin pursued, three strides to the Sand Hills, another into the Westwood. Among the oaks and leatherleaf and underbrush, Slayer seemed to vanish.
Halting, Perrin listened. Silence. The squirrels and birds had gone still. He inhaled deeply. A small herd of deer had passed that way not long since. And a faint tinge of something, human but too cold for a man, too emotionless, a scent that tickled his mind with familiarity. Slayer was somewhere close. The air lay as still as the forest; no stir of breeze to tell him which way that scent came.
“A neat trick, Goldeneyes, locking the Waygate.”
Perrin tensed, ears straining. No telling from where in this dense growth that voice had come. Not so much as a leaf rustled.
“If you knew how many of the Shadowwrought died trying to get out of the Ways there, it would lift your heart. Machin Shin feasted at that gate, Goldeneyes. But not a good enough trick. You saw: the gate is open now.”
There, off to the right. Perrin slipped through the trees as silently as he had when he had hunted here.
“It was only a few hundred to begin, Goldeneyes. Just enough to keep those fool Whitecloaks off balance and see that the renegade died.” Slayer’s voice became angry. “The Shadow consume me if that man does not have more luck than the White Tower.” Abruptly he chuckled. “But you, Goldeneyes. Your presence was a surprise.  Your precious Two Rivers will be harrowed from end to end, now, to root you out. What do you say to that, Goldeneyes?”
Perrin froze close beside the gnarled trunk of a great oak. Why was the man talking so much? Why was he talking at all? He’s drawing me right to him.
Putting his back against the oak’s thick bole, he studied the forest. No movement. Slayer wanted him to come nearer. No doubt into an ambush. And he wanted to find the man and rip his throat out. Yet it could easily be himself who died, and if that happened, no one would know the Waygate was open, and Trollocs coming by hundreds, maybe even thousands. He would not play Slayer’s game.
With a mirthless smile he stepped out of the wolf dream, telling himself to wake, and . . .
. . . Faile twined her arms around his neck and nipped his beard with small white teeth, while Tinkers’ fiddles sang some wild, heated tune around the campfires. Ila’s powder. I can’t wake up! Awareness that it was a dream faded. Laughing, he scooped Faile up in his arms and carried her into the shadows, where the grass was soft.
Waking was a slow process wrapped around the dull pain filling his side. Daylight streamed in at the small windows. Bright light. Morning. He tried to sit up, and fell back with a groan.
Faile sprang up from a low stool; her dark eyes looked as if she had not slept. “Lie still,” she said. “You did enough thrashing in your sleep. I have not kept you from rolling over and driving that thing the rest of the way through you just to watch you do it now you’re awake.” Ihvon stood leaning against the doorframe like a dark blade.
“Help me up,” Perrin said. Talking hurt, but so did breathing, and he had to talk. “I have to get to the mountains. To the Waygate.”
She put a hand to his forehead, frowning. “No fever,” she murmured. Then, more strongly, “You are going to Emond’s Field, where one of the Aes Sedai can Heal you.  Do you hear me? If I hear one more word about mountains or Waygates, I will have Ila mix something that will put you back to sleep, and you will travel on a litter. I’m not certain you should not anyway.”
“The Trollocs, Faile! The Waygate is open again! I have to stop them!”
The woman did not even hesitate before shaking her head. “You can do nothing about it, the state you are in. It is Emond’s Field for you.”
“But—!”
“But me no buts, Perrin Aybara. Not another word on it.”
He ground his teeth. The worst was that she was right. If he could not rise from a bed alone, how could he stay in the saddle as far as Manetheren? “Emond’s Field,” he said graciously, but she still sniffed and muttered something about “pigheaded.” What did she want?
“So there will be more Trollocs,” Ihvon said musingly. He did not ask how Perrin knew. Then he shook his head as if dismissing Trollocs. “I will tell the others you are awake.” He slipped out, closing the door behind him.
“Am I the only one who sees the danger?” Perrin muttered.
“I see an arrow in you,” Faile said firmly.
The reminder gave him a twinge; he just stifled a groan. And she gave a satisfied nod. Satisfied!
He wanted to be up and on the way immediately; the sooner he was Healed, the sooner he could see to closing the Waygate again, permanently this time. Faile insisted on feeding him breakfast, a broth thick with mashed vegetables suitable for a toothless infant, one spoon at a time, with pauses to wipe his chin. She would not let him feed himself, and whenever he protested or asked her to go faster, she shoved the words back into his mouth with a spoonful of pap. She would not even let him wash his own face. By the time she got around to brushing his hair and combing his beard, he had settled on dignified silence.
“You are pretty when you sulk,” she said. And pinched his nose!
Ila, in green blouse and blue skirt this morning, climbed into the wagon with his coat and shirt, both cleaned and mended. To his irritation, he had to let the two women help him don them. He had to let them help him sit up to don them, the coat unbuttoned and the shirt not tucked in, but bunched around the arrow stub.
“Thank you, Ila,” he said, fingering the neat darns. “This is fine needlework.”
“It is,” she agreed. “Faile has a deft touch with a needle.”
Faile colored, and he grinned, thinking of how fiercely she had told him she would never mend his clothes. A glint in her eye held his tongue. Sometimes silence was the wiser course. “Thank you, Faile,” he said gravely instead. She blushed even redder.
Once they had him on his feet he reached the door easily enough, but he had to let the two women half-support him to climb down the wooden steps. At least the horses were saddled, and all the Two Rivers lads gathered, bows slung on their backs. With clean faces and clothes, and only a few bandages out where they showed.
 The haggardness that had been in their eyes yesterday was only a shadow now.  Most of the others held bowls of thick vegetable stew and spoons, shoveling away.
“This is good, Perrin,” Dannil said, giving up his empty bowl to a Tinker woman. She gestured as if to ask the beanpole fellow whether he wanted more, and he shook his head, but said, “I don’t think I could ever get enough of it, do you?”
“I had my fill,” Perrin told him sourly. Mashed vegetables and broth.
“The Tinker girls danced last night,” Dannil’s cousin Tell said, wide-eyed. “All the unmarried women, and some of the married! You should have seen it, Perrin.”
“I’ve seen Tinker women dance before, Tell.”
Apparently he had not kept his voice clear of what he had felt watching them, for Faile said dryly, “You’ve seen the tiganza, have you? Someday, if you are good, I may dance the sa’sara for you, and show you what a dance really is.” Ila gasped in recognition of the name, and Faile went even redder than she had inside.
Perrin pursed his lips. If this sa’sara set the heart pounding any harder than the Tinker women’s swaying, hip-rolling dance—the tiganza, was it?—he definitely would like to see Faile dance it. He carefully did not look at her.
Raen came, in the same bright green coat but trousers redder than any red Perrin had ever seen before. The combination made his head ache. “Twice you have visited our fires, Perrin, and for the second time you go without a farewell feast. You must come again soon so we can make up for it.”
Pushing away from Faile and Ila—he could stand by himself, at least—he put a hand on the wiry man’s shoulder. “Come with us, Raen. No one in Emond’s Field will harm you. At worst it’s safer than out here with the Trollocs.”
Raen hesitated, then shook himself, muttering, “I do not know how you can even make me consider such things.” Turning, he spoke loudly. “People, Perrin has asked us to come with him to his village, where we will be safe from Trollocs. Who wishes to go?” Shocked faces stared back at him. Some women gathered their children close, and the children hid in their skirts, as if the very idea frightened them. “You see, Perrin?” Raen said: “For us, safety lies in moving, not in villages. I assure you, we do not spend two nights in one place, and we will travel all day before stopping again.”
“That may not be enough, Raen.”
The Mahdi shrugged. “Your concern warms me, but we will be safe, if the Light wills it.”
“The Way of the Leaf is not only to do no violence,” Ila said gently, “but to accept what comes. The leaf falls in its proper time, uncomplaining. The Light will keep us safe for our time.”
Perrin wanted to argue with them, but behind all the warmth and compassion on their faces lay a stony firmness. He thought he would get Bain and Chiad to don dresses and give up their spears—or Gaul to!—before he made these people budge an inch.
Raen shook Perrin’s hand, and with that the Tinker women began hugging the Two Rivers lads, and Ihvon, too, and the Tinker men began shaking hands, all laughing and saying goodbyes and wishing everyone a safe journey, hoping they would come again. Almost all the men did. Aram stood off to one side, frowning to himself, hands thrust into his coat pockets. The last time Perrin met him he had seemed to have a sour streak, odd for a Tinker.
The men did not content themselves with shaking Faile’s hand, but hugged her. Perrin kept his face smooth when some of the younger men became overly enthusiastic, only grinding his teeth a little; he managed to smile. No woman much younger than Ila hugged him.  Women without gray in their hair took one look at her face and chose someone else. Meanwhile Wil appeared to be kissing every woman in the camp. So was Ban, and his nose. Even Ihvon was enjoying himself, for that matter. It would serve Faile right if one of those fellows cracked a rib for her.
Finally the Tinkers moved back, except for Raen and Ila, opening a space around the Two Rivers folk. The wiry, gray-haired man-bowed formally, hands to chest. “You came in peace. Depart now in peace. Always will our fires welcome you. The Way of the Leaf is peace.”
“Peace be on you always,” Perrin replied, “and on all the People.” Light, let it be so. “I will find the song, or another will find the song, but the song will be sung, this year or in a year to come.” He wondered if there ever had been a song, or if the Tuatha’an had begun their endless journey seeking something else. Elyas had told him they did not know what song, only that they would know it when they found it. Let them find safety, at least. At least that. “As it once was, so shall it be again, world without end.”
“World without end,” the Tuatha’an responded in a solemn murmur. “World and time without end.”
A few final hugs and handshakes were handed ’round while Ihvon and Faile were helping Perrin up on Stepper. A few last kisses collected by Wil. And Ban. Ban! And his nose! Others, the badly wounded, were half-lifted onto their horses, with Tinkers waving as if to old neighbors off on a long journey.
Raen came to shake Perrin’s hand. “Will you not reconsider?” Perrin asked. “I remember hearing you say once there was wickedness loose in the world. It’s worse now, Raen, and here.”
“Peace be on you, Perrin,” Raen replied, smiling.
“And on you,” he said sadly.
The Aiel did not appear until they were a mile north of the Tinker camp, Bain and Chiad looking to Faile before trotting ahead to their usual place. Perrin was not sure what they thought might have happened to her among Tuatha’an.
Gaul moved in beside Stepper, striding easily. The party was not moving very fast, with nearly half the men walking. He glanced at Ihvon measuringly as usual, before turning to Perrin. “Your injury is well?”
His injury hurt like fury; every step his horse took jolted that arrowhead. “I feel fine,” he said, not gritting his teeth. “Maybe we’ll have a dance in Emond’s Field tonight! And you? Did you pass a good night playing Maidens’ Kiss?” Gaul stumbled and nearly fell on his face. “What is the matter?”
“Who did you hear suggest this game?” the Aielman said quietly, staring straight ahead.
“Chiad. Why?”
“Chiad,” Gaul muttered. “The woman is Goshien. Goshien! I should take her back to Hot Springs as gai’shain.” The words sounded angry, but not his odd tone. “Chiad.”
“Will you tell me what is the matter?”
“A Myrddraal has less cunning than a woman,” Gaul said in a flat voice, “and a Trolloc fights with more honor.” After a moment he added, in a fierce undertone, “And a goat has more sense.” Quickening his pace, he ran forward to join the two Maidens. He did not speak to them, as far as Perrin could make out, only slowed to walk alongside.
“Did you understand any of that?” Perrin asked Ihvon. The Warder shook his head.
Faile sniffed. “If he thinks to make trouble for them, they will hang him by his heels from a branch to cool off.”
“Did you understand it?” Perrin asked her. She walked along, neither looking at him nor answering, which he took to mean she did not. “I think I might have to find Raen’s camp again. It has been a long time since I saw the tiganza. It was . . . interesting.”
She muttered something under her breath, but he caught it: “You could do with hanging by the heels yourself!”
He smiled down at the top of her head. “But I won’t have to. You promised to dance this sa’sara for me.” Her face went crimson. “Is it anything close to the tiganza? I mean, there is no point, otherwise.”
“You muscle-brained oaf!” she snapped, glaring up at him. “Men have thrown their hearts and fortunes at the feet of women who danced the sa’sara.
“Then there isn’t any reason for you to dance it,” he said quietly. “My heart and fortune, such as they are, already lie at your feet.”
Faile missed a step, then laughed softly and pressed her cheek against his booted calf. “You are too clever for me,” she murmured. “One day I will dance it for you, and boil the blood in your veins.”
“You already do that,” he said, and she laughed again. Pushing her arm behind his stirrup, she hugged his leg to her as she walked.
After a while even the thought of Faile dancing—he extrapolated from the Tinker dance; it must be something to top that—could not compete with the pain in his side. Every stride Stepper took was agony. He held himself upright. It seemed to hurt a fraction less, that way. Besides, he did not want to spoil the lift the Tuatha’an had given everyone’s spirits. The other men were sitting up straight in their saddles, too, even those who had been hunched over and clinging the day before. And Ban and Dannil and the others walked with heads up. He would not be the first to slump.
Wil began to whistle “Coming Home from Tarwin’s Gap,” and three or four more took it up. After a time, Ban began to sing in a clear, deep voice:
“My home is waiting there for me,
and the girl I left behind.
Of all the treasure that waits for me,
that’s what I want to find.
Her eyes so merry, and her smile so sweet,
her hugs so warm, and her ankle neat,
her kisses hot, now there’s a treat.
If there’s a treasure greater, it lies not in my mind.”
More joined in on the second verse, until everyone sang, even Ihvon. And Faile.  Some even fell into step with the music.
“Oh, I have seen stark Tarwin’s Gap,
and the Trollocs’ raving horde.
I have stood ’fore the Halfman’s charge,
and walked on death’s cold borde.
But a winsome lass, she waits for me,
for a dance, and a kiss ’neath the apple tree . . . ”
Perrin shook his head. A day before they had been ready to run and hide. Today they sang, about a battle so long ago that it had left no memory but this song in the Two Rivers. Perhaps they were becoming soldiers. They would have to, unless he managed to close that Waygate.
Farms began to appear more often, closer together, until they traveled along hard-packed dirt between fields bordered by hedges or low, rough stone walls. Abandoned farms. No one here clung to the land.
They came to the Old Road, which ran north from the White River, the Manetherendrelle, through Deven Ride to Emond’s Field, and at last began to see sheep in the pastures, great clumps like a dozen men’s flocks gathered together, with ten shepherds where there once would have been one, and half of them grown men. Bow-armed shepherds watched them pass, singing at the tops of their lungs, not knowing quite what to make of it.
Perrin did not know what to make of his first view of Emond’s Field, and neither did the other Two Rivers men, from the way their singing faltered and died.
The trees, fences and hedges closest to the village were simply gone, cleared away. The westernmost houses of Emond’s Field had once stood among the trees on the edge of the Westwood. The oaks and leatherleaf between the houses remained, but now the forest’s brim stood five hundred paces away, a long bowshot, and axes rang loud as men pushed it back farther. Row on row of waist-high stakes, driven into the ground at an angle, surrounded the village a little out from the houses and presented a continuous hedge of sharpened points, except where the road ran in. At intervals behind the stakes men stood like sentries, some wearing bits of old armor or leather shirts sewn with rusty steel discs, a few in dented old steel caps, with boar spears, or halberds rooted out of attics, or bush hooks fitted to long poles. Other men, and boys, were up on some of the thatched roofs with bows; they stood when they saw Perrin and the others coming, and shouted to people below.
 Ihvon noticed Perrin frowning at it as they came closer. “Catapult,” the Warder said. “Six, so far. Your carpenters knew what to do once Tomas and I showed them. The stakes will hold off charging Trollocs or Whitecloaks, either one.” He might have been discussing the prospects for more rain.
“I told you your village was preparing to defend itself.” Faile sounded fiercely proud, as though it were her village. “A hard people, for such a soft land. They could almost be Saldaean. Moiraine always said Manetheren’s blood runs strong here still.”
Perrin could only shake his head.
The hard-packed dirt streets were nearly crowded enough for a city, the gaps between houses filled with carts and wagons, and through open doors and unshuttered windows he could see more people. The crowd parted before Ihvon and the Aiel, and rustling whispers accompanied them along the street.
“It’s Perrin Goldeneyes.”
“Perrin Goldeneyes.”
“Perrin Goldeneyes.”
He wished they would not do that. These people knew him, some of them. What did they think they were doing? There was horse-faced Neysa Ayellin, who had paddled his ten-year-old backside that time Mat talked him into stealing one of her gooseberry pies. And there was pink-cheeked, big-eyed Cilia Cole, the first girl he had ever kissed and still pleasingly plump, and Pel Aydaer, with his pipe and his bald head, who had taught Perrin how to catch trout with his hands, and Daise Congar herself, a tall, wide woman who made Alsbet Luhhan seem soft, with her husband Wit, a scrawny man overshadowed as always by his wife. And they were all staring at him, and whispering to the people from off, who might not know who he was. When old Cenn Buie lifted a little boy up on his shoulder, pointing at Perrin and talking enthusiastically to the boy, Perrin groaned. They had all gone mad.
Townsfolk trailed after Perrin and the others, around them, in a parade that rode a swell of murmurs. Chickens scurried every which way under people’s feet. Bawling calves and pigs squealing in pens behind the houses competed with the noise of the humans. Sheep crowded the Green, and black-and-white milkcows cropped the grass in company with flocks of geese, gray and white.
And in the middle of the Green rose a tall pole, the red-bordered white banner at its peak rippling lazily, displaying a red wolf’s head. He looked at Faile, but she shook her head, as surprised as he.
“A symbol.”
Perrin had not heard Verin approach, though now he caught hushed whispers of “Aes Sedai” floating around her. Ihvon did not look surprised. People stared at her with awe-filled eyes.
“People need symbols,” Verin went on, resting a hand on Stepper’s shoulder. “When Alanna told a few of the villagers how much Trollocs fear wolves, everyone seemed to think this banner a grand idea. Don’t you, Perrin?” Was there a dryness in her voice then? Her dark eyes looked up at him, birdlike. A bird watching a worm?
“I wonder what Queen Morgase will think of that,” Faile said. “This is part of Andor. Queens seldom like strange banners being raised in their realms.”
“That’s nothing but lines on a map,” Perrin told her. It was good to be still; the throbbing from the arrowhead seemed to have abated somewhat. “I did not even know we were supposed to be part of Andor until I went to Caemlyn. I doubt many people here do.”
“Rulers have a tendency to believe maps, Perrin.” There was no doubt of the dryness in Faile’s tone. “When I was a child, there were parts of Saldaea that had not seen a taxman in five generations. Once Father could turn his attention from the Blight for a time, Tenobia made sure they knew who their queen was.”
“This is the Two Rivers,” he said, grinning, “not Saldaea.” They did sound very fierce, up there in Saldaea. As he turned back to Verin, the grin became a frown.  He could not say which was more disturbing; Aes Sedai there in secret, or Aes Sedai in the open.
The Aes Sedai’s hand hovered an inch from the broken-off arrow jutting from his side. Something tingled around the wound. “Oh, this is not good,” she murmured. “Caught in the rib, and some infection in spite of that poultice. This needs Alanna, I think.” She blinked and pulled her hand back; the tingle went, too. “What? Hiding? Oh. With what has been stirred up here now, we could hardly remain hidden. I suppose we could have . . . gone away. You wouldn’t want that, would you?” There was that sharp, considering, birdlike stare again.
He hesitated, and finally sighed. “I suppose not.”
“Oh, that is good to hear,” she said with a smile.
“Why did you really come here, Verin?”
She did not seem to hear him. Or did not want to. “Now we need to see to that thing in you. And these other lads need to be looked after, too. Alanna and I will see to the worst, but . . . ”
The men with him were as stunned by what they found here as he was. Ban scratched his head at the banner, and a few just stared around in amazement. Most looked at Verin, though, wide-eyed and uneasy; they had surely heard the whispers of “Aes Sedai.” Perrin was not escaping those looks entirely himself, he realized, talking to an Aes Sedai as though she were just any village woman.
Verin considered them right back, then suddenly, without seeming to look, reached behind her to snatch a girl of about ten or twelve out of the onlookers. The girl, her long dark hair caught up with blue ribbons, went rigid with shock. “You know Daise Congar, girl?” Verin said. “Well, you find her and tell her there are injured men who need a Wisdom’s herbs. And tell her to jump. You tell her I’ll have no patience with her airs. Do you have that? Off with you.”
Perrin did not recognize the girl, but evidently she did know Daise, because she flinched at the message. But Verin was an Aes Sedai. After a moment of weighing—Daise Congar against an Aes Sedai—the girl scampered away into the crowd.
“And Alanna will take care of you,” Verin said, peering up at him again.
He wished she did not sound as though there might be two meanings to that.


Hey Tiger,
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Software Engineering 101 had us develop a 2D maze game with a Maori theme. Our game involves controlling a character and pushing an object around the maze with the aim of getting it to the goal.
We also created an Animted Scene showing off the capabilities of JavaScript.


@* * Copyright 2021 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import scala.collection.immutable.Range @(headerKey: Option[String], footerKey: Option[String], bulletsKeyPrefix: String, indexes: Range)(implicit request: Request[_], messages: Messages) @extractMessageIfKeyExists(value: Option[String]) = @{ value match { case Some(key) => Html(s"
${messages(key)}
") case _ => "" } } @bulletKeyName(index: Int) = @{ s"$bulletsKeyPrefix$index" } @extractMessageIfKeyExists(headerKey)


difR: Collection of Methods to Detect Dichotomous Differential Item
Functioning (DIF)
Provides a collection of standard methods to detect differential item functioning among dichotomously scored items. Methods for uniform and non-uniform DIF, based on test-score or IRT methods, for comparing two or more than two groups of respondents, are available (Magis, Beland, Tuerlinckx and De Boeck,A General Framework and an R Package for the Detection of Dichotomous Differential Item Functioning, Behavior Research Methods, 42, 2010, 847-862 <doi:10.3758/BRM.42.3.847>).
| Version: |
5.0 |
| Depends: |
R (≥ 3.0.0) |
| Imports: |
mirt, ltm, lme4, deltaPlotR |
| Published: |
2018-05-14 |
| Author: |
David Magis (U Liege), Sebastien Beland (U Montreal) and Gilles Raiche (UQAM) |
| Maintainer: |
David Magis <david.magis at uliege.be> |
| License: |
GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| NeedsCompilation: |
no |
| Citation: |
difR citation info |
| Materials: |
NEWS |
| In views: |
Psychometrics |
| CRAN checks: |
difR results |
Downloads:
Reverse dependencies:
Linking:
Please use the canonical form
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=difR
to link to this page.


Docs > Objects
Objects are the Sardonyx version of modules and namespaces. They are declared using the `object` keyword.
There are two types of objects. The first behaves like a class in other languages, and is declared like a function:
```
object Person(name, age) {
fn older() {
age + 1
}
}
```
Here we define a `Person` object. We can instantiate it with `new`:
```
person = new Person("John Doe", 69)
```
We can then access `person.name` and `person.age`, and also call `person.older()`.
The other type of object is declared without parameters:
```
object X {
y = 5
fn z() 6
}
```
Here we define a namespace-like object `X`. We cannot instantiate it, only access its properties: `X:y` and `X:z`.


No-one has seen the rest of their body, so we do not know much about GIANT CAT HEAD and what the rest of their physiology is, how they can exist as just a head or even their gender. GIANT CAT HEAD roams the planet of Catulon staring through people's windows to scare them.


I go to the mailbox and find the package! Woo-wee! It's morning, I'm alone at home and I got nothing else to do!
  Objects appear with a blur and I get a sudden rush of speed in all of my limbs and body parts.
t+00.35 - 03.15: throwing myself around, being among the clouds, dancing like a maniac on any song possible. It was so unbelievable I started calling all my close friends to tell them how brilliant this BubbleLuv is! Went outside in the sun and relaxed in a chair! It was like I was melding with nature, so nice! Then I went into the middle of the street with a big smile on my face, stood there, and raised my arms in the air as in a victory gesture... That was the best part ever, I could still hear my music from my window and felt the need to dance in the street, but I abstained myself :P
t+03.15 – 04.00: effects diminishing gradually
t+04.00 – 06.00: I guess that’s the comedown... I feel pretty bored, not really in the mood to do anything, so I try to get some sleep, as I am exhausted after 4 hours of restless dancing and moving
t+06.00 - 09.00: Got some sleep! (albeit difficultly) Some really wicked, vivid dreams! I usually experience lucid dreams, in which I am aware of being in a dream, but these ones seemed so real and I remember most of them. I really was surprised by the shift in reality when I woke up, nice.
Second part of the experience: I wake up in the night. My internet isn't working and it seems it won't work until tomorrow, no one wants to go out (it's monday, eh) ...
So... Let's try to get to heaven again!  Much more manageable then snorting a full 100 mg up just one nostril. This is 3 times worse than K on the nose...
t+00.15: Appreciation for some chilled hip-hop and raggae music.
t+00.45: taken another cap to get some full effects.
t+01.00: wow! now it's becoming pretty speedy - listening to drum'n'bass now
t+01.15: The speed continues to increase: It's time for some speedcore.
t+01.30: Time for another dose to continue the trip of a lifetime :)
t+01.50: Now I'm a one man rave. cheers!  I went with the flow anyway :) The feeling was awesome!   Now I understand how this is fiendish... But it sure pays, the feeling that I don't need any other drug mephedrone gives is great!
t+03.50: the other cap :) I have a good feeling about this! My net is now working so I can talk to people too :D
t+04.20: The effects come again, this time in a more chilly manner, I feel like smoking a joint to go with this
t+04.55: Now I begin to go into a phase when I am concentrated on every song, I understand every little sound. And I'm merging with the music. The tolerance is there, but not REALLY that much... I haven't made the follow-up doses bigger, but the same or smaller, and every time I very satisfyingly trip! :)
t+05.10: Feeling tingling sensations all over my body, especially my face, this is cool :) Think will up a massive dose later on! It's gonna be HEAVAN :P
t+05.35: Now comes the biggest dose of the night! Just took 2 caps at the same time… I think this will hit me hardcore (btw I’m still feeling those tingling sensations all over, and experiencing some mild jaw clenching)
t+05.45: I feel the jaw clenching going away, hope when the trip blows I won’t pay much attention to it anymore… Anyway I just feel it when I try to smile, so it’s not that bad :)
t+06.05: Wow this is announcing itself to be as good a trip at the first one from this morning
t+06.20: mild reduction in effects…
t+06.50: The trip is a mild one ( I think 2 beers would have been better with that last dose, oh well :P ) Anyway it’s a really chilled out pleasant trip, and I seem to be taking great pleasure in playing arcade games, interesting…
t+07.20 - 08.00: I’m slowly going to baseline... It seems my writing skills were somewhat lacking at this time (I only noticed the mistakes I made then the next morning)
t+08.15: Any trance except the tingling in various bodyparts is gone - now the tingling has come back with a vengeance it seems! :))
t+08:30 I look in the mirror and my pupils are still noticeably dilated, strange...
t+08.45 - 09.00: I'm in bed, trying to sleep, this is really difficult - What happens right now is pretty funny - Every time I close my eyes I start seeing Tetris being played, by me. After keeping my eyes closed for 3 minutes or so, I start getting some small weird dreams, and voices in my head, but I quickly wake up again after each one.
t+09.15 - 09.45: Ok, now I still can't sleep, and I go to check my watch ( It's 7:30 AM dammit, I gotta get some sleep ) and my pupils (they were normal). Now something pretty strange happens: I start seeing ripples and waves on my ceiling and walls. A few minutes after that, the effects change - When I keep my eyes open, every 3-4 seconds a flash of bright yellow and white light appears in front of my eyes, intriguing... I finally start to get sleepy. ( I think I fell asleep at aprox. t+09.45 or 8 AM)
t+10.45 - 10.50: I wake up again to piss... I'm pissing like an elephant. Oh, now here's an interesting note: I drank AT LEAST 8 litres of water and 2 litres of beer throughout the whole report. I had no idea someone could drink that much water. I come back from the toilet, and get into my bed, only to realise I am feeling really cold! (the temperature in the room was 25 - 30 degrees celsius) really strange... I throw a blanket over myself and fall asleep again.
t+14:50: I wake up. I feel pretty good! The first thing I did was piss, and the second was to come and finish this report (I really enjoyed the experience and not writing a report about this would have been a shame) The only bad thing is the pain in my foot soles I got from 4 hours of jumping around like a madman.
This small meph binge was absolutely worth it! I never thought a legal stimulant could be this potent and mind-blowing. I look forward to repeating the experience at a party somewhere sometime in the future, but take this as a friendly warning: DON'T take this day in day out, this is really heavy on the heart and the respiratory system from what I could gain.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.