--- layout: post title: "Decoupling decisions from effects" description: "Functional programming emphasises pure functions, but sometimes decisions must be made based on impure data. The solution is to decouple decisions and effects." date: 2016-09-26 21:51 UTC tags: [Unit Testing, Software Design, F#, Functional Programming] --- {% include JB/setup %}
{{ page.description }}
Functional programmers love pure functions. Not only do they tend to be easy to reason about, they are also intrinsically testable. It'd be wonderful if we could build entire systems only from pure functions, but every functional programmer knows that the world is impure. Instead, we strive towards implementing as much of our code base as pure functions, so that an application is impure only at its boundaries.
The more you can do this, the more testable the system becomes. One rule of thumb about unit testing that I often use is that if a particular candidate for unit testing has a cyclomatic complexity of 1, it may be acceptable to skip unit testing it. Instead, we can consider such a unit a humble unit. If you can separate decisions from effects (which is what functional programmers often call impurities), you can often make the impure functions humble.
In other words: put all logic in pure functions that can be unit tested, and implement impure effects as humble functions that you don't need to unit test.
You want to see an example. So do I!
In a recent discussion, Jamie Cansdale asks how I'd design and unit test something like the following C# method if I could instead redesign it in F#.
public static string GetUpperText(string path) { if (!File.Exists(path)) return "DEFAULT"; var text = File.ReadAllText(path); return text.ToUpperInvariant(); }
Notice how this method contains two impure operations: File.Exists
and File.ReadAllText
. Decision logic seems interleaved with IO. How can decisions be separated from effects?
(For good measure I ought to point out that obviously, the above example is so simple that by itself, it almost doesn't warrant testing. Think of it as a stand-in for a more complex problem.)
With a statement-based language like C#, it can be difficult to see how to separate decision logic from effects without introducing interfaces, but with expression-based languages like F#, it becomes close to trivial. In this article, I'll show you three alternatives.
All three alternatives, however, make use of the same function for turning text into upper case:
// string -> string let getUpper (text : string) = text.ToUpperInvariant ()
Obviously, this function is so trivial that it's hardly worth testing, but remember to think about it as a stand-in for a more complex problem. It's a pure function, so it's easy to unit test:
[<Theory>] [<InlineData("foo", "FOO")>] [<InlineData("bar", "BAR")>] let ``getUpper returns correct value`` input expected = let actual = getUpper input expected =! actual
This test uses xUnit.net 2.1.0 and Unquote 3.1.2. The =!
operator is a custom Unquote operator; you can read it as must equal; that is: expected must equal actual. It'll throw an exception if this isn't the case.
Languages like F# come with algebraic data types, which means that in addition to complex structures, they also enable you to express types as alternatives. This means that you can represent a decision as one or more alternative pure values.
Although the examples you'll see later in this article are simpler, I think it'll be helpful to start with an ad hoc solution to the problem. Here, the decision is to either read from a file, or return a default value. You can express that using a custom discriminated union:
type Action = ReadFromFile of string | UseDefault of string
This type models two mutually exclusive cases: either you decide to read from the file identified by a file path (string
), or your return a default value (also modelled as a string
).
Using this Action
type, you can write a pure function that makes the decision:
// string -> bool -> Action let decide path fileExists = if fileExists then ReadFromFile path else UseDefault "DEFAULT"
This function takes two arguments: path
(a string
) and fileExists
(a bool
). If fileExists
is true
, it returns the ReadFromFile
case; otherwise, it returns the UseDefault
case.
Notice how this function neither checks whether the file exists, nor does it attempt to read the contents of the file. It only makes a decision based on input, and returns information about this decision as output. This function is pure, so (as I've claimed numerous times) is easy to unit test:
[<Theory>] [<InlineData("ploeh.txt")>] [<InlineData("fnaah.txt")>] let ``decide returns correct result when file exists`` path = let actual = decide path true ReadFromFile path =! actual [<Theory>] [<InlineData("ploeh.txt")>] [<InlineData("fnaah.txt")>] let ``decide returns correct result when file doesn't exist`` path = let actual = decide path false UseDefault "DEFAULT" =! actual
One unit test function exercises the code path where the file exists, whereas the other test exercises the code path where it doesn't. Straightforward.
There's still some remaining work, because you need to somehow compose your pure functions with File.Exists
and File.ReadAllText
. You also need a way to extract the string value from the two cases of Action
. One way to do that is to introduce another pure function:
// (string -> string) -> Action -> string let getValue f = function | ReadFromFile path -> f path | UseDefault value -> value
This is a function that returns the UseDefault
data for that case, but invokes a function f
in the ReadFromFile
case. Again, since this function is pure it's easy to unit test it, but I'll leave that as an exercise.
You now have all the building blocks required to compose a function similar to the above GetUpperText
C# method:
// string -> string let getUpperText path = path |> File.Exists |> decide path |> getValue (File.ReadAllText >> getUpper)
This implementation pipes path
into File.Exists
, which returns a Boolean value indicating whether the file exists. This Boolean value is then piped into decide path
, which (as you may recall) returns an Action
. That value is finally piped into getValue (File.ReadAllText >> getUpper)
. Recall that getValue
will only invoke the function argument when the Action
is ReadFromFile
, so File.ReadAllText >> getUpper
is only executed in this case.
Notice how decisions and effectful functions are interleaved. All the decision functions are covered by unit tests; only File.Exists
and File.ReadAllText
aren't covered, but I find it reasonable to treat these as humble functions.
Normally, decisions often involve a choice between two alternatives. In the above example, you saw how the alternatives were named ReadFromFile
and UseDefault
. Since a choice between two alternatives is so common, there's a well-known 'pattern' that gives you general-purpose tools to model decisions. This is known as the Either monad.
The F# core library doesn't (yet) come with an implementation of the Either monad, but it's easy to add. In this example, I'm using code from Scott Wlaschin's railway-oriented programming, although slightly modified, and including only the most essential building blocks for the example:
type Result<'TSuccess, 'TFailure> = | Success of 'TSuccess | Failure of 'TFailure module Result = // ('a -> Result<'b, 'c>) -> Result<'a, 'c> -> Result<'b, 'c> let bind f = function | Success succ -> f succ | Failure fail -> Failure fail // ('a -> 'b) -> Result<'a, 'c> -> Result<'b, 'c> let map f = function | Success succ -> Success (f succ) | Failure fail -> Failure fail // ('a -> bool) -> 'a -> Result<'a, 'a> let split f x = if f x then Success x else Failure x // ('a -> 'b) -> ('c -> 'b) -> Result<'a, 'c> -> 'b let either f g = function | Success succ -> f succ | Failure fail -> g fail
In fact, the bind
and map
functions aren't even required for this particular example, but I included them anyway, because otherwise, readers already familiar with the Either monad would wonder why they weren't there.
All these functions are generic and pure, so they are easy to unit test. I'm not going to show you the unit tests, however, as I consider the functions belonging to that Result
module as reusable functions. This is a module that would ship as part of a well-tested library. In fact, it'll soon be added to the F# core library.
With the already tested getUpper
function, you now have all the building blocks required to implement the desired functionality:
// string -> string let getUpperText path = path |> Result.split File.Exists |> Result.either (File.ReadAllText >> getUpper) (fun _ -> "DEFAULT")
This composition pipes path
into Result.split
, which uses File.Exists
as a predicate to decide whether the path should be packaged into a Success
or Failure
case. The resulting Result<string, string>
is then piped into Result.either
, which invokes File.ReadAllText >> getUpper
in the Success
case, and the anonymous function in the Failure
case.
Notice how, once again, the impure functions File.Exists
and File.ReadAllText
are used as humble functions, but interleaved with testable, pure functions that make all the decisions.
Sometimes, a decision isn't so much between two alternatives as it's a decision between something that may exist, but also may not. You can model this with the Maybe monad, which in F# comes in the form of the built-in option
type.
In fact, so much is already built in (and tested by the F# development team) that you almost don't need to add anything yourself. The only function you could consider adding is this:
module Option = // 'a -> 'a option -> 'a let defaultIfNone def x = defaultArg x def
As you can see, this function simply swaps the arguments for the built-in defaultArg
function. This is done to make it more pipe-friendly. This function will most likely be added in a future version of F#.
That's all you need:
// string -> string let getUpperText path = path |> Some |> Option.filter File.Exists |> Option.map (File.ReadAllText >> getUpper) |> Option.defaultIfNone "DEFAULT"
This composition starts with the path
, puts it into a Some
case, and pipes that option
value into Option.filter File.Exists
. This means that the Some
case will only stay a Some
value if the file exists; otherwise, it will be converted to a None
value. Whatever the option
value is, it's then piped into Option.map (File.ReadAllText >> getUpper)
. The composed function File.ReadAllText >> getUpper
is only executed in the Some
case, so if the file doesn't exist, the function will not attempt to read it. Finally, the option
value is piped into Option.defaultIfNone
, which returns the mapped value, or "DEFAULT"
if the value was None
.
Like in the two previous examples, the decision logic is implemented by pure functions, whereas the impure functions File.Exists
and File.ReadAllText
are handled as humble functions.
Have you noticed a pattern in all the three examples? Decisions are separated from effects using discriminated unions (both the above Action
, Result<'TSuccess, 'TFailure>
, and the built-in option
are discriminated unions). In my experience, as long as you need to decide between two alternatives, the Either or Maybe monads are often sufficient to decouple decision logic from effects. Often, I don't even need to write any tests, because I compose my functions from the known, well-tested functions that belong to the respective monads.
If your decision has to branch between three or more alternatives, you can consider a custom discriminated union. For this particular example, though, I think I prefer the third, Maybe-based composition, but closely followed by the Either-based composition.
In this article, you saw three examples of how to decouple decision from effects; and I didn't even show you the Free monad!
Comments
Mark,
I can't understand how can the
getValue
function be pure. While I agree that it's easy to test, it's still the higher order function and it's purity depends on the purity of function passed as the argument. Even in Your example it takesFile.ReadAllText >> getUpper
which actually reaches to a file on the disk and I perceive it as reaching to an external shared state. Is there something I misunderstood?Grzegorz, thank you for writing. You make a good point, and in a sense you're correct. F# doesn't enforce purity, and this is both an advantage and a disadvantage. It's an advantage because it makes it easier for programmers migrating from C# to make a gradual transition to a more functional programming style. It's also an advantage exactly because it relies on the programmer's often-faulty reasoning to ensure that code is properly functional.
Functions in F# are only pure if they're implemented to be pure. For any given function type (signature) you can always create an impure function that fits the type. (If nothing else, you can always write "Hello, world!" to the console, before returning a value.)
The result of this is that few parts of F# are pure in the sense that you imply. Even
List.map
could be impure, if passed an impure function. In other words, higher-order functions in F# are only pure if composed of exclusively pure parts.Clearly, this is in stark contrast to Haskell, where purity is enforced at the type level. In Haskell, a throw-away, poorly designed mini-API like the
Action
type and associated functions shown here wouldn't even compile. The Either and Maybe examples, on the other hand, would.My assumption here is that function composition happens at the edge of the application - that is, in an impure (
IO
) context.


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ENTRAPMENT A film review by David N. Butterworth Copyright 1999 David N. Butterworth
**1/2 (out of ****)
At the ripe old age of 68, Sean Connery still has what it takes to carry a motion picture. Not only is his name still prominent up there on the marquee, but in "Entrapment," the elegantly aging Connery is asked to do more than a bivouac of actors half his age and he *still* gets the girl (even if this one happens to be 40 years his junior).
While some might take affront to the age difference, I didn't, simply because Catherine Zeta-Jones ("The Mask of Zorro") has never seemed much of a push-over on camera. In "Entrapment," Connery and Zeta-Jones click, and their relationship is one of two reasons to see the film. The other is sitting back and enjoying what is essentially an old-style heist picture, aided and abetted by some new-fangled technical gadgetry.
"Entrapment" is the kind of film that re-awakens interest in those classic caper films of the sixties and seventies, with their rare artifacts encased in glass, sophisticated surveillance systems, and invisible webs of laser beams criss-crossing museum floors like an elaborate cat's cradle. If you've seen the trailers, you'll have seen Zeta-Jones gyrating and contorting her spandex-clad body under, over, and through the red security rays. I guess the producers felt the scene wouldn't have had the same oomph with Connery in the catsuit.
Zeta-Jones plays Gin Baker, an insurance investigator who suspects that the recent theft of a Rembrandt painting from a seemingly impenetrable skyscraper is the work of master art thief Robert MacDougal. In order to prove it, she sets up a similarly impossible heist, with an antique Chinese mask as the bait, and convinces "Mac" to work with her. She has the code; he has the know-how. Inevitably, their cat-and-mouse antics lead to discovery, but then Gin dangles an even bigger carrot in front of the charismatic Scot.
In a brilliant piece of "casting," the world's tallest building--Kuala Lumpur's Petronas Towers--provides the international banking setting for Gin's latest scam. Her plan is to "stall" time for ten seconds on the eve of the millennium when computer security is temporarily shut down, allowing her to download $8 billion dollars into her private account. Is this the time to try, or to trust, as our leading players like to ask.
Director Jon Amiel keeps a tight lid on the proceedings, focusing the camera as much on his two principals--and their busy stunt doubles--as possible.
Ving Rhames is underutilized as MacDougal's shady associate, but that's just as well since his character is an atypically unpleasant one. Maury Chaykin almost makes up for Rhames' disappointing appearance by providing a small but entertaining role as an ultra-affected Malaysian art lover.
There are high-rise thrills and spills and a well-grounded relationship that rarely steps outside of its "let's not get personal" confines. "Entrapment" is good, clean, escapist fun. "Welcome to the rock, Miss Moneypenny."
-- David N. Butterworth<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
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The Laravel Queue component provides a unified API across a variety of different queue services. Queues allow you to defer the processing of a time consuming task, such as sending an e-mail, until a later time, thus drastically speeding up the web requests to your application.
The queue configuration file is stored in config/queue.php
. In this file you will find connection configurations for each of the queue drivers that are included with the framework, which includes a database, Beanstalkd, IronMQ, Amazon SQS, Redis, null, and synchronous (for local use) driver. The null
queue driver simply discards queued jobs so they are never run.
In order to use the database
queue driver, you will need a database table to hold the jobs. To generate a migration to create this table, run the queue:table
Artisan command:
php artisan queue:table
The following dependencies are needed for the listed queue drivers:
aws/aws-sdk-php
pda/pheanstalk ~3.0
iron-io/iron_mq ~1.5
predis/predis ~1.0
All of the queueable jobs for your application are stored in the App\Commands
directory. You may generate a new queued command using the Artisan CLI:
php artisan make:command SendEmail --queued
To push a new job onto the queue, use the Queue::push
method:
Queue::push(new SendEmail($message));
Note: In this example, we are using the
Queue
facade directly; however, typically you would dispatch queued command via the Command Bus. We will continue to use theQueue
facade throughout this page; however, familiarize with the command bus as well, since it is used to dispatch both queued and synchronous commands for your application.
By default, the make:command
Artisan command generates a "self-handling" command, meaning a handle
method is added to the command itself. This method will be called when the job is executed by the queue. You may type-hint any dependencies you need on the handle
method and the service container will automatically inject them:
public function handle(UserRepository $users)
{
//
}
If you would like your command to have a separate handler class, you should add the --handler
flag to the make:command
command:
php artisan make:command SendEmail --queued --handler
The generated handler will be placed in App\Handlers\Commands
and will be resolved out of the IoC container.
You may also specify the queue / tube a job should be sent to:
Queue::pushOn('emails', new SendEmail($message));
If you need to pass the same data to several queue jobs, you may use the Queue::bulk
method:
Queue::bulk([new SendEmail($message), new AnotherCommand]);
Sometimes you may wish to delay the execution of a queued job. For instance, you may wish to queue a job that sends a customer an e-mail 15 minutes after sign-up. You can accomplish this using the Queue::later
method:
$date = Carbon::now()->addMinutes(15);
Queue::later($date, new SendEmail($message));
In this example, we're using the Carbon date library to specify the delay we wish to assign to the job. Alternatively, you may pass the number of seconds you wish to delay as an integer.
Note: The Amazon SQS service has a delay limit of 900 seconds (15 minutes).
If your queued job accepts an Eloquent model in its constructor, only the identifier for the model will be serialized onto the queue. When the job is actually handled, the queue system will automatically re-retrieve the full model instance from the database. It's all totally transparent to your application and prevents issues that can arise from serializing full Eloquent model instances.
Once you have processed a job, it must be deleted from the queue. If no exception is thrown during the execution of your job, this will be done automatically.
If you would like to delete
or release
the job manually, the Illuminate\Queue\InteractsWithQueue
trait provides access to the queue job release
and delete
methods. The release
method accepts a single value: the number of seconds you wish to wait until the job is made available again.
public function handle(SendEmail $command)
{
if (true)
{
$this->release(30);
}
}
IF an exception is thrown while the job is being processed, it will automatically be released back onto the queue so it may be attempted again. The job will continue to be released until it has been attempted the maximum number of times allowed by your application. The number of maximum attempts is defined by the --tries
switch used on the queue:listen
or queue:work
Artisan commands.
If an exception occurs while the job is being processed, it will automatically be released back onto the queue. You may check the number of attempts that have been made to run the job using the attempts
method:
if ($this->attempts() > 3)
{
//
}
Note: Your command / handler must use the
Illuminate\Queue\InteractsWithQueue
trait in order to call this method.
You may also push a Closure onto the queue. This is very convenient for quick, simple tasks that need to be queued:
Queue::push(function($job) use ($id)
{
Account::delete($id);
$job->delete();
});
Note: Instead of making objects available to queued Closures via the
use
directive, consider passing primary keys and re-pulling the associated models from within your queue job. This often avoids unexpected serialization behavior.
When using Iron.io push queues, you should take extra precaution queueing Closures. The end-point that receives your queue messages should check for a token to verify that the request is actually from Iron.io. For example, your push queue end-point should be something like: https://yourapp.com/queue/receive?token=SecretToken
. You may then check the value of the secret token in your application before marshalling the queue request.
Laravel includes an Artisan task that will run new jobs as they are pushed onto the queue. You may run this task using the queue:listen
command:
php artisan queue:listen
You may also specify which queue connection the listener should utilize:
php artisan queue:listen connection
Note that once this task has started, it will continue to run until it is manually stopped. You may use a process monitor such as Supervisor to ensure that the queue listener does not stop running.
You may pass a comma-delimited list of queue connections to the listen
command to set queue priorities:
php artisan queue:listen --queue=high,low
In this example, jobs on the high-connection
will always be processed before moving onto jobs from the low-connection
.
You may also set the length of time (in seconds) each job should be allowed to run:
php artisan queue:listen --timeout=60
In addition, you may specify the number of seconds to wait before polling for new jobs:
php artisan queue:listen --sleep=5
Note that the queue only "sleeps" if no jobs are on the queue. If more jobs are available, the queue will continue to work them without sleeping.
To process only the first job on the queue, you may use the queue:work
command:
php artisan queue:work
The queue:work
also includes a --daemon
option for forcing the queue worker to continue processing jobs without ever re-booting the framework. This results in a significant reduction of CPU usage when compared to the queue:listen
command, but at the added complexity of needing to drain the queues of currently executing jobs during your deployments.
To start a queue worker in daemon mode, use the --daemon
flag:
php artisan queue:work connection --daemon
php artisan queue:work connection --daemon --sleep=3
php artisan queue:work connection --daemon --sleep=3 --tries=3
As you can see, the queue:work
command supports most of the same options available to queue:listen
. You may use the php artisan help queue:work
command to view all of the available options.
The simplest way to deploy an application using daemon queue workers is to put the application in maintenance mode at the beginning of your deployment. This can be done using the php artisan down
command. Once the application is in maintenance mode, Laravel will not accept any new jobs off of the queue, but will continue to process existing jobs.
The easiest way to restart your workers is to include the following command in your deployment script:
php artisan queue:restart
This command will instruct all queue workers to restart after they finish processing their current job.
Note: This command relies on the cache system to schedule the restart. By default, APCu does not work for CLI commands. If you are using APCu, add
apc.enable_cli=1
to your APCu configuration.
Daemon queue workers do not restart the framework before processing each job. Therefore, you should be careful to free any heavy resources before your job finishes. For example, if you are doing image manipulation with the GD library, you should free the memory with imagedestroy
when you are done.
Similarly, your database connection may disconnect when being used by long-running daemon. You may use the DB::reconnect
method to ensure you have a fresh connection.
Push queues allow you to utilize the powerful Laravel 5 queue facilities without running any daemons or background listeners. Currently, push queues are only supported by the Iron.io driver. Before getting started, create an Iron.io account, and add your Iron credentials to the config/queue.php
configuration file.
Next, you may use the queue:subscribe
Artisan command to register a URL end-point that will receive newly pushed queue jobs:
php artisan queue:subscribe queue_name queue/receive
php artisan queue:subscribe queue_name http://foo.com/queue/receive
Now, when you login to your Iron dashboard, you will see your new push queue, as well as the subscribed URL. You may subscribe as many URLs as you wish to a given queue. Next, create a route for your queue/receive
end-point and return the response from the Queue::marshal
method:
Route::post('queue/receive', function()
{
return Queue::marshal();
});
The marshal
method will take care of firing the correct job handler class. To fire jobs onto the push queue, just use the same Queue::push
method used for conventional queues.
Since things don't always go as planned, sometimes your queued jobs will fail. Don't worry, it happens to the best of us! Laravel includes a convenient way to specify the maximum number of times a job should be attempted. After a job has exceeded this amount of attempts, it will be inserted into a failed_jobs
table. The failed jobs table name can be configured via the config/queue.php
configuration file.
To create a migration for the failed_jobs
table, you may use the queue:failed-table
command:
php artisan queue:failed-table
You can specify the maximum number of times a job should be attempted using the --tries
switch on the queue:listen
command:
php artisan queue:listen connection-name --tries=3
If you would like to register an event that will be called when a queue job fails, you may use the Queue::failing
method. This event is a great opportunity to notify your team via e-mail or HipChat.
Queue::failing(function($connection, $job, $data)
{
//
});
You may also define a failed
method directly on a queue job class, allowing you to perform job specific actions when a failure occurs:
public function failed()
{
// Called when the job is failing...
}
To view all of your failed jobs, you may use the queue:failed
Artisan command:
php artisan queue:failed
The queue:failed
command will list the job ID, connection, queue, and failure time. The job ID may be used to retry the failed job. For instance, to retry a failed job that has an ID of 5, the following command should be issued:
php artisan queue:retry 5
If you would like to delete a failed job, you may use the queue:forget
command:
php artisan queue:forget 5
To delete all of your failed jobs, you may use the queue:flush
command:
php artisan queue:flush


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More from Carl Sagan's excellent The Demon-Haunted World. He tells us that, according to alien abductee Betty Hill, the pesky visitors from outer space “frequently help themselves to some of [the abductee's] belongings, such as fishing rods, jewelry of different types, eyeglasses or a cup of laundry soap”.
Remember that, and next time you see a myopic angler festooned with rings and necklaces emerging from the launderette, you can make a citizen's arrest and cart it off to your secret underground lab.


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| {{ i[0] }} |
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{{ i[2] }} |
{{ i[3] }} |
{{ i[4] }} |
{{ i[5] }} |
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
Search
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Review: YOU'VE GOT MAIL
Starring: Tom Hanks, Meg Ryan, Greg Kinnear, Parker Posey, Jean Stapleton, Dave Chappelle, Steve Zahn
Directed by: Nora Ephron
Review by: Joy Wyse, The SILVER Screen Critic
In 1940 Ernst Lubitsch directed a memorable film entitled `The Shop Around the Corner'. It starred James Stewart and Margaret Sullivan as lonelyheart penpals in a Budapest notions shop. In 1949 is was remade by MGM as a musical starring Judy Garland and Van Johnson entitled `In the Good Old Summertime'. Then it became the Broadway musical `She Loves Me'.
Bringing it up to the computer age, You've Got Mail stands on its own as an original story, not as merely a re-make. Two people accidentally meeting in cyberspace is not the same as lonelyheart penpals. These two did not go looking for someone out of desperation. Each is supposedly happy with a significant other.
Joe Fox [Hanks], the scion of a mega-bookstore family, lives with Patricia Eden [Posey] a dynamic woman executive. Kathleen Kelly [Ryan], the owner of `The Shop Around The Corner', is in a relationship with Frank Navasky [Kinnear] Each of them have frustrations in their lives and they find a little bit of solace in each other when on the Internet. There is no intention to meet, or to break up their relationships. Each day they pass within footsteps of each other, not realizing that she is `Shopgirl' or that he is `NY152', their Internet names.
There are so many interesting sub-plots in the film. The Fox family would be the basis of a hilarious movie on their own. And, there's the love story involving Birdie [Stapleton] and her Spanish lover. Each and every character is well presented. You care about them all. When the Fox family causes the demise of Kelly's bookstore, you are genuinely concerned about the future of the employees.
The film's ending doesn't hit you over the head as to what course their lives will take, but you can figure it out all by yourself. Brinkley is a nice touch, too.
It will be referred to as a `chick' movie, or a date movie, but it is truly a good, old-fashioned love story. I could see it over and over, on TV. I give it a B+.
SEE YOU AT THE MOVIES.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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thinks-that-i-want-to-know
Table of Contents
1 How To Prove that Exponential Kernel is a Positive Definite Kernel?
where α > 0.
solved One solution: mathematics
- Firstly, prove \(\phi(r) = e^{-\alpha y^{\frac{1}{2}}}\) is completely monotone on [0, ∞)
- Use Schoenberg interpolation theorem. pdf
A interesting theorem is Hausdorff-Bernstein-Widder Theorem, which states completely monotone function is equivalent to Laplace transform of a finite non-negative Borel measure u on [0,∞]. Thus \(\phi(r)\) is of the form \begin{equation} \phi(r) = \mathcal{L}u(r) = \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-rt} du(t). \end{equation}
2 How to Prove that Exponential \(\chi^{2}\) kernel is a Valid Kernel?
solved One Solution: \begin{equation} \begin{split} \chi(x,z) = &= \sum_{i}^{d} \frac{(x_{i} - z_{i})^{2}}{x_{i} + z_{i}}\\ &= \sum_{i}^{d} x_{i} + z_{i} - 4*\frac{x_{i}*z_{i}}{x_{i} + z_{i}} \end{split} \end{equation} let k(x,z) = \(\frac{2xz}{x + z}\), \(\Delta = log(z) - log(x)\) \begin{equation} \begin{split} k(x,z) &= \sqrt{xz} \frac{2}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{z}} + \sqrt{\frac{z}{x}}} \\ &=\sqrt{xz}sech(\frac{\Delta}{2}) \end{split} \end{equation} The Fourier transform of sech(x) is $π sech(π ω)$(non-unitary, angular frequency). Using the inverse Fourier transform,
\begin{equation} \begin{split} k(x,z) &= \sqrt{xz} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{i\omega(log(x) - log(z))}sech(\pi \omega) d \omega &= \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \Phi_{\omega}(x) * \Phi_{\omega}(z) d \omega \end{split} \end{equation}


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% set active_page = "public.gallery" %} {% block title %}Gallery{% endblock %} {% block head %} {{ super() }} {% endblock %} {% block content %} Gallery Home Gallery Royal Hotel Gallery Who are in extremely love with eco friendly system. {% endblock %} {% block scripts %} {{ super() }} {% endblock %}
Who are in extremely love with eco friendly system.


After attending AUT and completing a Bachelor of Graphic Design specialising in Illustration, James Wakelin worked as a freelance illustrator in Auckland, later also teaching at AUT. After moving to Europe in 1999 to undertake a Masters Degree in Illustration, he continued to work for clients both in New Zealand, as well as in England. Returning in 2004 he continues to illustrate for a varied range of clients including book and magazine publishers, as well as design firms, and continues to work as a portrait artist. James continues to teach at AUT, and acts as an examiner on both the MA and Honours Year courses.


Innocentin:
The ghost of the treasure hunter is said to appear around the well in the northwest part of the village.
Take the letter to him and come back to me with his reply.


--- # This file is licensed under the MIT License (MIT) available on # http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT. layout: base id: bitcoin-paper ---
{% translate summary %}
{% translate description %} {% comment %} NOTE: before adding a new file, follow these steps: 1. Make sure it has been uploaded in ODT form to https://github.com/saivann/bitcoinwhitepaper 2. Ask a site maintainer to generate the PDF format from the ODT format. 3. Scan the PDF using VirusTotal.com and post a link to the scan report on GitHub (this provides a sha256sum of the file, so it can be verified that the file was scanned). The files should be listed in this order: English orginial first; then UTF-8 alphabetical order {% endcomment %}
{% translate submit_new_translation %}


--- title: "Résumé" author: "Caleb Williams" date: "12/2/2020 -- Update before applying" output: pdf_document: latex_engine: pdflatex keep_tex: no dev: cairo_pdf template: svm-latex-resume.tex html_document: df_print: paged fontawesome: yes geometry: margin=1in email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>phone:<PHONE_NUMBER> location: 110 N Stadium, Fayetteville, AR github: Calebwilliams67 linkedin: john-williams-4398961ba mainfont: cochineal sansfont: Fira Sans urlcolor: blue fontsize: 11pt includephoto: yes myphoto: CalebWilliams-Pic.jpg photobigness: 1.75cm ---
Jonesboro Department of Parks and Recreation — Jonesboro, Arkansas
Jonesboro Select Real Estate — Jonesboro, Arkansas
Academies at Jonesboro High School — Jonesboro
GPA: 4.17/4.00
ACT: 32
Graduated: May 2020
University of Arkansas — Fayetteville
Honors Program
GPA : Will be updated


Using Grafana and InfluxDB to Visualize Power Consumption
How Encore uses Grafana and InfluxDB to Gather Information About Our PDUs and Visuallize Their Power Consumption
This blog explains how we configured and use Grafana to graph and visualize PDU data stored in InfluxDB.
Background
InfluxDB is a time series database that we use to store dozens of metrics from all of our power distribution units (PDUs). This database is updated periodically with a python script that parses snmp data from our PDUs and stores it in the correct table and row. After getting the data into the db, we used Grafana to create graphs of some of the power consumption metrics so that we could easily see how much power was being used by each PDU. All pictures are from Grafana version 4.6.1.
Configure Grafana to Use InfluxDB
After setting up our InfluxDB database and providing it with some metrics from our PDUs, all we had to do was configure Grafana to use our database and write queries to visualize the data. In order to do that, we logged into the Grafana server on port 3000 navigated to Configuraion -> Data Sources and clicked on “Add data source”. InfluxDB is a built-in option to choose from, so we just had to provide a server and database name and credentials to connect to it. Once the data sources were added, we wrote queries to create graphs from them.
Create Graphs of the Data
The picture below shows how Grafana uses InfluxDB’s SQL-like query language to create lines in a graph
- Log into the Grafana server via web browser on port 3000
- Click on the graph button to create a new row
- Click on the new row and click “Edit” in the small box that pops up
- Click the drop-down next to “Data Source” and select the datasource that we added in the last section
- Edit this query information and tell it which tables and data to graph from your database
- Add one or more queries to the graph to compare your data
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For a variety of reasons, we might occasionally want to run a script manually without using the run() function. This involves two steps. The first step is to produce bytecode, easily done using the compile() function. Second, the transform() function gives bytecode a perch on a function’s internal code registry. Here is a simple example:
myBytecode := compile("myMessage := \"Hello, world!\"; print(myMessage)")
newFunction :: transform(myBytecode)
newFunction()
Manual compilation and transformation is necessary when user.cicada has not been loaded, for example when running Cicada from the command prompt with a script-file argument.
Another situation where we will want to compile scripts manually is when we want to run a script that uses a different syntax from the default Cicada language. For example, our script might want to process commands typed by the user, that are in a completely different format from the Cicada language. We don’t want to change cicada.c because then none of the other scripts like start.cicada will work. Instead we will need to use the newCompiler() function to process the user’s input differently from our own scripts. Here is an example, relying on language-constant definitions in user.cicada.
newLanguage :: [] compiledCommandType
newLanguage[*] = {
{ cat("add ", type1arg, "to", type1arg), 1, "0",
cat(inbytecode, "8 173 10", anonymousmember, "27 a1 a2 0") },
{ cat("negative", type1arg), 2, "1", cat(inbytecode, "29 54 -1 a1") },
{ int_constant, 0, "1", cat(inbytecode, "54 a1") },
{ double_constant, 0, "1", cat(inbytecode, "55 a1") }
}
newLanguageAssociativity :: [] int
newLanguageAssociativity[*] = { l_to_r, r_to_l }
newCompilerID := setCompiler(newLanguage, newLanguageAssociativity)
myBytecode := compile(input())
doMath :: transform(myBytecode)
doMath()
printl("The answer is: ", doMath[1])
Notice how the two array arguments to newCompilerID() are exactly the same as the two arrays that specify the language in cicada.c/cpp. For consistency, all of the constants used in the C file (such as int_constant and inbytecode) are also defined in user.cicada. The main difference is that we have to use the cat() function to concatenate strings. Also, make sure to define both arguments as arrays -- setCompiler() will not understand anything inside of curly braces. As always, any script must have an overall type of 0, which in this case means that any valid script is an ‘add’ command.
Cicada always opens with a single compiler -- compiler ID 1 -- so to switch back we can just type the command newCompiler(1). Calling newCompiler() with no arguments returns the ID of the current compiler, without changing which compiler is active.
Functions produced by different compilers live in different namespaces, because each compiler which keeps its own running tally of all member names it has encountered (and how many anonymous members have been made). But the use of separate compilers does not prevent collisions of member names between these functions: if anything switching compilers makes collisions more likely. (Any new compiler member will assign member IDs starting from 1 and counting upwards, and that ID is the only thing Cicada sees when the function runs.) To avoid problems, use transform()’s ability to customize the search path so that the calling script is hidden from any transformed bytecode that it produces.
Last update: June 18, 2019


| All Differences |
| Removals |
| Additions |
| Changes |
|
Bold is New, |
Object
)long, int, int, short, int, boolean, long, Type, String
)long, int, int, short, int, boolean, long, Type, String, byte
)File
) in org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils
FileChannel, boolean
) in org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils
Path
) in org.apache.hadoop.fs.AbstractFileSystem
Path
) in org.apache.hadoop.fs.viewfs.ViewFs
Text
)Text
)Path, Path, Rename[]
)


Like many others, I tag things I want with wishlist
on del.icio.us.
I’ve long been wanting a decent wishlist site, and at one point I realized I could build one on top of del.icio.us. It’s not done (whatever that means), but I think it’s ready for public use.
I call it del.ishli.st.
The url scheme is the same as on del.icio.us: del.ishli.st/malesca is my list, and del.ishli.st/malesca/book+nonfiction are my wishlist items with both those tags.
The “Features” column on del.ishli.st is required reading.
Two caveats:
It’s a bit messed up in Internet Explorer. I’ll get to that some day when I deserve it.
The list (and the tag description) is cached for 15 minutes. So if you edit or add something, you may have to wait 15 minutes before you can see it.
I stumbled across wantz.it the other day, which is another site that also builds a wishlist around del.icio.us. I haven’t really tried it out, but it seems quite different: it requires authentication (my site doesn’t), lists are non-public, lists are not pretty… ;) For the record, the del.ishli.st
domain name (and the first, non-advertised version of the site) predates wantz.it
, though I’m sure it was conceived independently.
For the nerds in the audience: the site was my excuse to toy with Merb and jQuery.
I’d be very interested to hear feedback on the site.


fun setSockFlag(opt: SockOpt, value: Any): Unit
Sets the value of the given socket option.
See Also: srt_setsockflag
opt
- the SockOpt to set
value
- the SockOpt value to set. Type depends of the specified opt.
IOException
- if can't set SockOpt
See Also


WRKDIR
Infrastructure
infrastructure/bin
that facilitate the creation of new ports:
make lib-depends-check
, to verify shared
libraries dependencies.
make update-patches
, which should
always be used to regenerate patches.
make update-plist
.
This takes care of most of the finest points of crafting accurate
packing-lists.
OpenBSD packing-lists are significantly different from those of other
BSD projects, in part because the package tools have been completely
rewritten.
infrastructure/bin
directory for more useful scripts.
Most of them have man pages.
${VAR:U}
and ${VAR:L}
to transform a variable's value
into uppercase or lowercase. Accordingly, make tests should be coded in
a case-independent way.
For example:
.if ${NEED_XXX:L} == "yes" do stuff if yes .else do other stuff .endifIn theory, all boolean variables recognized by
bsd.port.mk
should
always be defined, so that code like defined(USE_FOO)
should not
be necessary, and ${USE_FOO:L} != "no"
ought to work.
The main bsd.port.mk
file has been heavily streamlined and fixed.
In particular, it is parallel-make ready.
The scripts/{pre,do,post}-*
feature has been lost in the process.
To replace that feature,
invoke the script manually from the Makefile
.
make VAR=value
,
the assignment will override whatever value VAR
may get from the
Makefile
.
This means that many Makefile
patches are not necessary.
It is much better to set MAKE_FLAGS
correctly, which decreases the
maintenance burden.
DISTFILES
and
PATCHFILES
.
OpenBSD processes them in a uniform way and retrieves everything from
MASTER_SITES
by default.
There are no PATCH_SITES
nor PATCH_SITES_SUBDIR
.
If all files to fetch don't come from the same set of sites, OpenBSD allows
the extension filename:0
to filename:9
, in which case
it will use MASTER_SITES0
to MASTER_SITES9
to
retrieve the file.
Some architectures may need specific distfiles.
In the past, this has caused trouble where mirroring distfiles was concerned.
OpenBSD supports a third set of files: SUPDISTFILES
.
Those will be considered only for creating checksums and mirroring purposes.
Note that SUPDISTFILES
may have an overlap with
DISTFILES
or
PATCHFILES
.
For instance:
DISTFILES=foo-1.0.tgz .if ${ARCH} == "i386" DISTFILES+=foo-i386.tgz .elif ${ARCHI} == "amd64" DISTFILES+=foo-amd64.tgz .endif SUPDISTFILES=foo-i386.tgz foo-amd64.tgz
WRKDIR
InfrastructureNO_WRKDIR
.
All OpenBSD ports must have a work directory.
Naming details of those work directories should not be a porter's concerns.
If you need to find out about such a name, ask the Makefile
:
$ cd that_ports_dir && make show=WRKDIRThis will yield that port's idea of
WRKDIR
.
The main reason behind this prohibition is that OpenBSD's
bsd.port.mk
acts like a real Makefile
, with dependencies.
The fetch
stage depends upon the distfiles and patchfiles, and all
other stages depend on real files living in the working directory (cookies),
so they can't exist without a working directory.
If the DISTFILES
extraction is special, set
EXTRACT_ONLY=and do the extraction in
post-extract.
WRKDIR
WRKDIST
WRKDIR
where the port actually unpacks.
It is also the base directory for patch.
Other BSDs currently don't have the WRKDIST/WRKSRC
distinction and
have only WRKSRC
.WRKSRC
WRKDIST
where the actual source lives.WRKBUILD
WRKDIR
where the port configure and build will
occur.
Other BSDs don't have the WRKBUILD/WRKSRC
distinction.
Programs based on autoconf (mostly) can usually set SEPARATE_BUILD
to let the port build happen in a WRKBUILD
distinct from
WRKSRC
.WRKCONF
WRKDIR
where configure scripts should be run.
Defaults to WRKBUILD
, which is correct 99% of the time.WRKINST
Note that NO_WRKSUBDIR
has been removed: its functionality can
be achieved by setting WRKDIST=$(WRKDIR)
instead.
PREFIX
, usually /usr/local
).
WRKINST
, which
is usually a subdirectory of WRKDIR
.
-B
option of
pkg_create.
make fake
are the usual install
targets, except for a few differences:
FAKE_FLAGS
is used instead of MAKE_FLAGS
.
By default, FAKE_FLAGS
sets DESTDIR=${WRKINST}
.
FAKE_TARGET
is used instead of INSTALL_TARGET
.
{pre,do,post}-install
fragments are invoked with
TRUEPREFIX
set to $(PREFIX)
,
PREFIX
set to $(WRKINST)$(PREFIX)
, and
DESTDIR
set to $(WRKINST)
.
Ports using imake should work as is, since the imake fragments are configured
to use DESTDIR
.
Similarly, recent GNU configure ports should need no change.
Another good technique is a "late binding" trick: configure the ports to use
a prefix of $(DESTDIR)/usr/local
, so that the resulting
Makefile
has the following set:
prefix=$(DESTDIR)/usr/localWhen the port gets built, since
DESTDIR
is set to nothing,
/usr/local
is used.
The fake install will put everything into ${WRKINST}/usr/local
(e.g., for GNU configure, use CONFIGURE_STYLE= gnu dest
).
DESTDIR
processing: most
of the port is happy with DESTDIR
set, except for one or two
offenders.
Patch the problem away.
TRUEPREFIX
.
bsd.port.mk
will notice problems in that area.
$(DESTDIR)
alone at the
configure stage.
A post-configure
fragment that tweaks all Makefiles to add the
DESTDIR
is needed.
pre-fake
to link or copy
everything the port wants to find in the WRKINST
area, then perform
the install under chroot.
@exec
commands or INSTALL
scripts are unneeded.
Note that all unneeded scripts should be banned, as they have scalability issues. It is much easier to debug one single package infrastructure than to modify hundreds of scripts to handle new problems. For instance:
@exec ldconfig
is not needed, as shared libraries are
annotated with @lib libfoo.so.1.0
and ldconfig
runs only when needed, and handles chroot gracefully.
@exec install-info
is not needed, as info documentation
files are annotated with @info file.info
.
This also takes care of multiple info files, and removes the need for
makeinfo --no-split
.
@font
and
@fontdir
.
@newuser
and
@newgroup
instead of installation scripts.
They also get created early enough so that further package extraction can
use them.
@tag
which triggers running tools like update-desktop-database once at the
end of installation.
@sample
instead
of installation scripts.
Refer to pkg_create(1) for
more details.
In most cases, make update-plist
will write a very good
approximation of a complete packing-list, and will carry hand-made tweaks
from one version to the next.
FLAVORS
to the list of all options
that make sense for that port (e.g., FLAVORS=foo bar zoinx
),
then use
FLAVOR
to test what options have actually been selected (e.g.,
FLAVOR=zoinx foo
).
bsd.port.mk
provides some support:
PKGNAME
is tweaked to include dash separated options (e.g.,
package-foo-zoinx
).
WRKDIR
is tweaked so that distinct flavors can be built
concurrently without colliding.
%%flavor%%
will trigger the inclusion of
PFRAG.flavor
.
bsd.port.subdir.mk
understands the extension
SUBDIR=directory,opt1,opt2
to say
"build port in directory
with FLAVOR=opt1 opt2
."
Checking that a given flavor has been selected is as simple as:
.if ${FLAVOR:Mzoinx}There is an extra extension, known as
MULTI_PACKAGES
.
Generally speaking, MULTI_PACKAGES
and FLAVORS
are orthogonal mechanisms.
Together, they account for OpenBSD ports tree being somewhat smaller than the
other BSDs, as they allow one single port directory to build lots of distinct
packages.
bsd.port.mk(5) has
a full
section devoted to FLAVORS AND MULTI_PACKAGES.


PROFILE SUMMARY
A dynamic, result driven and motivational individual that desires to be part of the global technology work
force to initiate and implement innovations and creative ideas that would transform the world at large
AREA OF CAPABILITY
✓ Technical support ✓ Impacting knowledge ✓ Office administration ✓ Basic Html, Css,Javascript. ✓ Business expansion. ✓ Scratch, App Inventor, Robotics
WORKING EXPERIENCE
[Feb 2021-Till Date] Code Pally Technology Job Title:IT Instructor Key Responsibilities:
• Preparing modules and instructional handbooks for students. • Utilizing appropriate communication skills with a commitment to literacy development in each student. • Creating suitable training schedules, and classroom program outline. • Teaching and equipping students with basic Tech skills. • Developing technical training programs based on the requirements of the organization
April 2020- Jan 2021] MHZ Energy Global Ltd. Job Title: Data Entry Operator Key Responsibilities:
• Entered data provided from different sources into the computer’s database. • Verified data by comparing it to source documents. • Updated existing data. • Produced reports and retrieve data as requested. • Performed regular backups to ensure data preservation. • Sorted, organized and stored paperwork after entering data.
[April 2019 – March 2020] Callus Miller Communication Ltd. Job Title: IT Help Desk Administrator. Key Responsibilities:
• Provided assistance to any inquiries regarding IT services. • Managed office stocks and ensure that stock transfers are done appropriately. • Maintained and updated company databases using excel. • Provided first-line technical support to solve basic software issues and contacting a 3rd party vendor for advanced technical issues. • Managed the company's social media accounts, website, and webmail to ensure that customers are responded to courteously. • Typed, photocopied, printed and scanned office document
[April 2018 – March 2019] Rivers State University of Science and Technology Job Title: Executive assistant to Head of Department – Chemistry (NYSC) Key Responsibilities:
• Facilitated capacity training for final year students on their project work. • Forwarded all correspondence, such as letters and packages, to all staff members. • Processed, printed and packaged student certificates. • Organized tutorials for undergraduate students who are facing challenges in various courses. • Invigilated, marked and collated results for students.
EDUCATION
2012-2017
B.Sc. Applied Biochemistry, First Class Honors
Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State
2006-2012
B.Sc. West African Senior School Certificate Examinations (O’ Levels).
Holy Rosary College, Uwani, Enugu State. Grade A1: Physics, Foods & Nutrition, Christian Religious Knowledge and Igbo Language, Grade B2: English Language, Mathematics and Chemistry Grade B3: Economics and Biology.
ACADEMIC PROJECTS
[2017]
Evaluation of the repellant activity of n-hexane extract of lantana camara leaves on female Anopheles mosquito.
CORE SKILLS AND ABILITIES
• IT skills: Sound knowledge of Microsoft office suite. • Strong inter-personal and communication skills – both written and verbal. • Tech savvy with working knowledge of general office applications. • Excellent organization and time management skills. • Ability to work in a fast-paced, changing environment • Exceptional team player, honest, innovative and resourceful. • Critical thinking, exceptional negotiation and problem-solving skills. • High level of integrity and enthusiasm. • Strong passion for excellence, accountable and competent. • A very high performer with passion to achieve positive result. • Attention to details and ability to think out of the box.
INTERESTS AND HOBBIES
• I am interested in research and practical work that is concerned with information technology. • I enjoy reading, researching, imaginative and creative writing, playing cards and using the computer
REFERENCES
Available on Request


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 All in all, this is fairly minor; just last week Joyce came down with a serious case of Faux-Palatal Dermatitis.
I schedule an appointment with my doctor immediately.
I ask Joyce for advice.
I grimace and ignore it.


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News and Updates
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A Muslim can’t shift a mosque: Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind
New Delhi: The Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind President Maulana Arshad Madani on Sunday said that his organization will file a review petition against the Supreme Court’s verdict in the Ram Mandir-Babri Masjid case. He also said that a Muslim cannot shift a mosque, hence, there is no question of accepting land for it.
In a statement here, Madani said: “The Supreme Court has given a solution while the Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind is fighting a legal battle for years. In its over 1,000-page judgement, the apex court has accepted most of the arguments of the Muslims and a legal option is still remaining.” “With the ASI (Archaeological Survey of India) report, the court has clarified that the mosque was not built by destroying any temple. In 1949, an idol was placed in the courtyard of the mosque, illegally. Thereafter, it was shifted inside the domed structure, while Muslims were offering prayers (namaz) there till that date,” the JUH chief said. Citing the apex court ruling, Madani said: “The court has also accepted that between 1857 and 1949 people were offering ‘namaz’ there. Hence, when people were offering ‘namaz’ in a mosque for 90 years so it handing over for the temple doesn’t make any sense”.
Noting that the Supreme Court rarely changes its verdict on review petitions, Madani, however, also said that Muslims should use the available legal options for securing justice. In the statement, Madani also wondered if the mosque had not been demolished, whether the Court would have ordered its demolition in order to build a temple on that land. (IANS)
Also Read: AIMPLB rejects 5-acre land proposal, to file Review petition
Also Watch: Govt all set to push for the contentious Citizenship Bill in the winter session of Parliament


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Grand Magister Celes:
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March 2016 - Tracking the most popular programming languages, databases and software development tools in whoishiring discussion threads.
Welcome to web development in 2016, where the LAMP stack was mentioned exactly 0 times. It wasn't too long ago when web developers would often be referred to as LAMP developers, working the stack of Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP. While PHP itself had a decent March performance, though still far behind Rails and Node.js, it seems to me that this is a milestone and clear signal of how competitive every layer of the software development stack has become.
The biggest change for March's trends is the inclusion of the experience adjectives, "Senior" and "Junior". This was a great suggestion from Corey to begin exploring what it means to be a Senior developer vs a Junior developer. As you can see Senior shot up right to the top as the #1 term, mentioned in nearly 20% of all postings. Does it still have meaning to list the position as "Senior" when so many of them are? Or is it going the way of Ninjas and Rockstars where it's anybody's guess as to what exactly the title means? If it still has meaning, what does that hold for Junior developers which were only mentioned in about 2% of the postings? Granted, that leaves 78% worth of opportunities for all, but this will be an interesting new trend to watch.
Compare JavaScript, Python, Ruby and Java
Compare C++, Scala, Clojure and Go
JavaScript is back on top as the most popular language, squeezing out a narrow victory over Python.
Compare Rails, node.js, PHP and Django
Rails had a good month with a decicisive win over Node.js. PHP is still hanging around, with its steady 5%.
Compare AngularJS, Backbone, Ember and React
Surprising no one that has seen these trends before, React is still crushing it, reaching nearly 15% of postings and approaching Angular's peak share.
Compare Postgresql, MySQL and SQL Server
Postgresql and MySQL were much more competitive, with only 2% separating them this month, the 2nd straight month of trending towards parity.
Compare Mongodb, Elasticsearch, Cassandra and Riak
Mongodb is well off its peak, coming in at around 3% of postings now. Elastic is still in good shape. Otherwise, NoSQL is going NoWHERE.
Compare Storm, Hadoop and Spark
Compare Kafka, RabbitMQ and ActiveMQ
Compare Chef, Puppet, Ansible and the DevOps term itself
Compare Docker, Kubernetes, Mesos and Vagrant
Docker is perhaps the 2nd hottest technology after React. Combine that with Kubernetes popping up on the list of Rising technology, I've added a new category to keep on eye on this area of Virtualization and containers.
| Tech | Rank | Last Month | Change | Last Year | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senior | 1 | 2 | +1 | 7 | +6 |
| JavaScript | 2 | 3 | +1 | 2 | 0 |
| Python | 3 | 1 | -2 | 1 | -2 |
| React | 4 | 4 | 0 | 22 | +18 |
| iOS | 5 | 6 | +1 | 3 | -2 |
| Rails | 6 | 8 | +2 | 6 | 0 |
| Android | 7 | 9 | +2 | 5 | -2 |
| AWS | 8 | 5 | -3 | 12 | +4 |
| Ruby | 9 | 10 | +1 | 4 | -5 |
| Full Stack | 10 | 7 | -3 | 11 | +1 |
| Java | 11 | 12 | +1 | 9 | -2 |
| node.js | 12 | 11 | -1 | 13 | +1 |
| AngularJS | 13 | 13 | 0 | 8 | -5 |
| passionate | 14 | 17 | +3 | 10 | -4 |
| DevOps | 15 | 16 | +1 | 17 | +2 |
| Machine Learning | 16 | 15 | -1 | 18 | +2 |
| Postgresql | 17 | 14 | -3 | 15 | -2 |
| Front End | 18 | 20 | +2 | 19 | +1 |
| Docker | 19 | 19 | 0 | 23 | +4 |
| api | 20 | 33 | +13 | 20 | 0 |
| Tech | Mentions | Rank | Last Year Mentions | Last Year Rank | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kubernetes | 7 | 83 | 0 | 194 | +111 |
| AI | 6 | 86 | 1 | 151 | +65 |
| Elixir | 9 | 67 | 1 | 131 | +64 |
| Asp | 8 | 75 | 1 | 127 | +52 |
| golang | 14 | 48 | 4 | 91 | +43 |
| Erlang | 13 | 50 | 4 | 89 | +39 |
| Apache | 11 | 64 | 3 | 100 | +36 |
| ES6 | 11 | 56 | 4 | 90 | +34 |
| TypeScript | 6 | 88 | 2 | 120 | +32 |
| C# | 24 | 37 | 7 | 69 | +32 |


Importance of a Business Plan
Have a clear plan for how your business will operate and make money before applying for your business license. A business plan will serve as a road map for how to prepare for the rest of the business setup process. It is not a required document, but it is helpful.
{{ cms:partial:shared/link_box:"http://www.bplans.com/sample_business_plans.php":"VIEW":"Sample Business Plan (PDF)" }}
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Business Plan Elements:
Every business is a little different, but here are the pieces of a typical business plan:
Executive Summary:
A short paragraph that gives an overview of your business and a description of the product or service you’re offering. Include your goals for the next year or two. This is the most essential part and is required if you are applying for loads through the bank.
Market Analysis:
This section should answer questions like: Who are the target customers for the business? Are there any businesses providing the same service that might be in competition with your business? Would a particular location in the city be important for your business to succeed?
Organization & Management:
Think about what it will take to run the business each day. Will you need employees? What will the hours of the business be? Will you close for weekends and holidays?
Service or Product:
Each product that you sell costs something to make, and each service that you provide takes employee time. Carefully calculate your costs so that you know how much you need to charge customers in order to make money.
Marketing & Sales:
Every business needs a way to get customers. Write about how you plan to advertise and sell. Make sure to note what those marketing and sales activities will cost and how long they will take.
Finances:
Using your estimates of what it will cost to open your business, operate, do marketing, and sell to customers, calculate how much money you need to start. Keep in mind that there may be a gap in time between when you start on the path to opening your business and when you receive the first profits. Have a plan to help finance your business. A business plan is required if applying for funding through a bank. Make sure to check out
Step 2: Create a Financial Plan
for more information.
Create a Timeline:
Gauge when you would like to open.
Consider appropriate locations:
Do you need a brick and mortar location or could you have a home-based business to start?


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Irvine Meadow boss Brian McGinty keen to cling onto Kilwinning's coat-tails ahead of end of month derby
Second-placed Meadow travel to Largs on league duty this Saturday (Nov 16) before hosting Glenafton in a Scottish Junior Cup fourth round tie the following weekend.
by Eric McGowan, https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/authors/eric-mcgowan/Brian McGinty is praying Irvine Meadow can cling on to the coat-tails of Premiership leaders Kilwinning ahead of a derby showdown at the end of the month.
Second-placed Meadow travel to Largs on league duty this Saturday before hosting Glenafton in a Scottish Junior Cup fourth round tie the following weekend.
With Kilwinning already out of the Scottish, Chris Strain’s side have an opportunity to steal a march on Meadow before the sides meet at Buffs Park on November 30.
McGinty is desperate not to lose too much ground and is challenging his players do the double over Largs by taking all three points at Barrfields.
He said: “We know if we win we are guaranteed to still be sitting second going into the Kilwinning game, regardless of what other teams do.
“That’s the carrot for the players. We know Kilwinning can pull away from us but it’s about keeping that to a minimum by doing our bit.
“It’s going to be a really tough game against Largs. They are a very good team and Stuart Davidson always has them very well organised.
“We have a lot of big games coming up this month but at this moment in time, Largs is the biggest and that’s where our full focus is.”
Meadow go into the clash on the back of a 3-1 win away to Thorniewood United in the first round of the West of Scotland Cup.
McGinty reshuffled his pack for the clash and reckons making full use of his squad will be crucial for such an important run of matches. He said: “Its more about getting boys game time than resting players. We want everyone to be ready for the schedule ahead.”
Striker Adam Forsyth made his long awaited return from injury by coming off the bench for the last 10 minutes and comes into consideration for Saturday.


Shipwrecked is an easy-to-learn, addictive card game that transports you and your crewmates to a deserted island. You must work together to survive, ensuring you have enough food to last the night, and also build a raft that you can use to escape. But danger, both known and unknown lurks behind every card...
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java.lang.Object android.support.v7.media.MediaRouter.Callback
public abstract static class MediaRouter.Callback
Interface for receiving events about media routing changes. All methods of this interface will be called from the application's main thread.
A Callback will only receive events relevant to routes that the callback
was registered for unless the MediaRouter.CALLBACK_FLAG_UNFILTERED_EVENTS
flag was specified in MediaRouter.addCallback(MediaRouteSelector, Callback, int)
.
MediaRouter.addCallback(MediaRouteSelector, Callback, int)
,
MediaRouter.removeCallback(Callback)
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
MediaRouter.Callback()
|
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
void |
onProviderAdded(MediaRouter router,
MediaRouter.ProviderInfo provider)
Called when a media route provider has been added. |
void |
onProviderChanged(MediaRouter router,
MediaRouter.ProviderInfo provider)
Called when a property of the indicated media route provider has changed. |
void |
onProviderRemoved(MediaRouter router,
MediaRouter.ProviderInfo provider)
Called when a media route provider has been removed. |
void |
onRouteAdded(MediaRouter router,
MediaRouter.RouteInfo route)
Called when a media route has been added. |
void |
onRouteChanged(MediaRouter router,
MediaRouter.RouteInfo route)
Called when a property of the indicated media route has changed. |
void |
onRoutePresentationDisplayChanged(MediaRouter router,
MediaRouter.RouteInfo route)
Called when a media route's presentation display changes. |
void |
onRouteRemoved(MediaRouter router,
MediaRouter.RouteInfo route)
Called when a media route has been removed. |
void |
onRouteSelected(MediaRouter router,
MediaRouter.RouteInfo route)
Called when the supplied media route becomes selected as the active route. |
void |
onRouteUnselected(MediaRouter router,
MediaRouter.RouteInfo route)
Called when the supplied media route becomes unselected as the active route. |
void |
onRouteVolumeChanged(MediaRouter router,
MediaRouter.RouteInfo route)
Called when a media route's volume changes. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public MediaRouter.Callback()
| Method Detail |
|---|
public void onRouteSelected(MediaRouter router, MediaRouter.RouteInfo route)
router
- The media router reporting the event.route
- The route that has been selected.public void onRouteUnselected(MediaRouter router, MediaRouter.RouteInfo route)
router
- The media router reporting the event.route
- The route that has been unselected.public void onRouteAdded(MediaRouter router, MediaRouter.RouteInfo route)
router
- The media router reporting the event.route
- The route that has become available for use.public void onRouteRemoved(MediaRouter router, MediaRouter.RouteInfo route)
router
- The media router reporting the event.route
- The route that has been removed from availability.public void onRouteChanged(MediaRouter router, MediaRouter.RouteInfo route)
router
- The media router reporting the event.route
- The route that was changed.public void onRouteVolumeChanged(MediaRouter router, MediaRouter.RouteInfo route)
router
- The media router reporting the event.route
- The route whose volume changed.public void onRoutePresentationDisplayChanged(MediaRouter router, MediaRouter.RouteInfo route)
This method is called whenever the route's presentation display becomes available, is removed or has changes to some of its properties (such as its size).
router
- The media router reporting the event.route
- The route whose presentation display changed.MediaRouter.RouteInfo.getPresentationDisplay()
public void onProviderAdded(MediaRouter router, MediaRouter.ProviderInfo provider)
router
- The media router reporting the event.provider
- The provider that has become available for use.public void onProviderRemoved(MediaRouter router, MediaRouter.ProviderInfo provider)
router
- The media router reporting the event.provider
- The provider that has been removed from availability.public void onProviderChanged(MediaRouter router, MediaRouter.ProviderInfo provider)
router
- The media router reporting the event.provider
- The provider that was changed.
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Getting Started: Tessellation of Frankfurt am Main
This example shows the basic functions of tesspy
, which are five types of tessellations: square, hexagon, adaptive squares, voronoi diagrams and city blocks. We have selected the city of Frankfurt am Main in Germany to demonstrate tessellation.
Import Tessellation
We start by importing the Tessellation
object from tesspy
module:
[2]:
from tessellation import Tessellation
[3]:
# Shapely 1.8.1 makes pandas to produce many warnings; this is to get rid of these warnings
import warnings
warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
Defining the area
There are different ways to define the area. The most straightforward way is passing an address.
[4]:
ffm= Tessellation('Frankfurt am Main')
With .get_polygon()
method, we can retrieve the polygon. This is in the form of a GeoPandas GeoDataFrame. We visualize the polygon to make sure data collection was successful and correct:
[5]:
ffm.get_polygon().plot(figsize=(10,10)).set_axis_off();
The polygon shows the city of Frankfurt. Note that the CRS
of the GeoPandas is EPSG:4326
. We can double-check that:
[6]:
print(ffm.get_polygon().crs)
epsg:4326
It is already ready for tessellation.
Squares
The first tessellation method is the square grid. It creates (almost) equal squares that cover the whole area surface. In order to set the size, we need to pass a resolution
. This value is usually between 1 and 21. Larger values mean smaller squares and consequently a finer tessellation. For example, with a resolution=13
, we have:
[7]:
ffm_sqr_13=ffm.squares(13)
ffm_sqr_13.plot(lw=1, edgecolor='w', figsize=(10,10)).set_axis_off();
[8]:
ffm_sqr_13.head()
[8]:
| geometry | quadkey | |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | POLYGON ((8.48145 50.09239, 8.48145 50.12058, ... |<PHONE_NUMBER>220 |
| 1 | POLYGON ((8.48145 50.06419, 8.48145 50.09239, ... |<PHONE_NUMBER>222 |
| 2 | POLYGON ((8.52539 50.12058, 8.52539 50.14875, ... |<PHONE_NUMBER>203 |
| 3 | POLYGON ((8.52539 50.09239, 8.52539 50.12058, ... |<PHONE_NUMBER>221 |
| 4 | POLYGON ((8.52539 50.06419, 8.52539 50.09239, ... |<PHONE_NUMBER>223 |
The square grid with a resolution=15
look like this:
[9]:
ffm_sqr_15=ffm.squares(15)
ffm_sqr_15.plot(lw=1, edgecolor='w',figsize=(10,10)).set_axis_off();
As it can be seen the number of square are relatively higher when resolution is higher. We can check the number of squares for each resolution:
[10]:
print('Resolution=13 ==> Number of squares: ', ffm_sqr_13.shape[0])
print('Resolution=15 ==> Number of squares: ', ffm_sqr_15.shape[0])
Resolution=13 ==> Number of squares: 45
Resolution=15 ==> Number of squares: 488
hexagons
The next method is hexagons. Similar to squares, this method creates (almost) equal shapes to cover the area. A slight difference is that the algorithm finds the optimal number of hexagons, and not all the surface is covered. Therefore, there may be some areas on the borders which are left behind.
Similarly, we need to pass a resolution to set the hexagon sizes. The larger numbers mean smaller hexagons. A suitable value is usually between 5 and 15. Here is the hexagon tessellation with resolution=7
:
[11]:
ffm_hex_7=ffm.hexagons(7)
ffm_hex_7.plot(lw=1, edgecolor='w',figsize=(10,10)).set_axis_off();
[12]:
ffm_hex_7.head()
[12]:
| hex_id | geometry | |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 871faeaaeffffff | POLYGON ((8.59585 50.10425, 8.59746 50.09256, ... |
| 1 | 871faeaa3ffffff | POLYGON ((8.56260 50.10080, 8.56422 50.08911, ... |
| 2 | 871faeaadffffff | POLYGON ((8.64334 50.12694, 8.64494 50.11525, ... |
| 3 | 871faea13ffffff | POLYGON ((8.62429 50.14275, 8.62590 50.13107, ... |
| 4 | 871faea02ffffff | POLYGON ((8.65276 50.18123, 8.65437 50.16955, ... |
At the next resolution, in this case, resolution=8
, each hexagon is divided into 7 sub-hexagons. This means the total number of hexagons is (almost) 7 times more when resolution increments one unit. Following plot shows the hexagons of Frankfurt with resolution=8
:
[13]:
ffm_hex_8=ffm.hexagons(8)
ffm_hex_8.plot(lw=1, edgecolor='w',figsize=(10,10)).set_axis_off();
[14]:
print('Resolution=7 ==> Number of hexagons: ', ffm_hex_7.shape[0])
print('Resolution=8 ==> Number of hexagons: ', ffm_hex_8.shape[0])
Resolution=7 ==> Number of hexagons: 53
Resolution=8 ==> Number of hexagons: 366
Adaptive squares
Adaptive squares are an extension of regular squares. This method starts with relatively large squares and uses the spatial data, i.e., Points of Interests (POI), to divide the high-density squares into 4 subsquares. The division of squares is done until a specific threshold for POI count per square is reached.
The spatial data are retrieved from OpenStreetMap (OSM). We can use which POI categories we want to use. The selected POI categories should be passed as a list. These categories are the OSM primary categories, which represent physical objects on the map. More information can be found at this link.
You can see the top-level categories by:
[15]:
print(Tessellation.osm_primary_features())
['aerialway', 'aeroway', 'amenity', 'barrier', 'boundary', 'building', 'craft', 'emergency', 'geological', 'healthcare', 'highway', 'historic', 'landuse', 'leisure', 'man_made', 'military', 'natural', 'office', 'place', 'power', 'public_transport', 'railway', 'route', 'shop', 'sport', 'telecom', 'tourism', 'water', 'waterway']
So we build the adaptive squares for
[16]:
# Adaptive Squares using only amenity data
ffm_asq = ffm.adaptive_squares(start_resolution=13,
poi_categories=["amenity"],
threshold=None,
timeout=60,
verbose=True)
Getting data from OSM...
Creating POI DataFrame...
Cleaning POI DataFrame...
Threshold=198 ==> set as the median POI-count per square at the initial level
Threshold exceeded! Squares are subdivided into resolution 14
Threshold exceeded! Squares are subdivided into resolution 15
Threshold exceeded! Squares are subdivided into resolution 16
Threshold exceeded! Squares are subdivided into resolution 17
We visualize the adaptive squares:
[17]:
ffm_asq.plot(lw=1, edgecolor='w', figsize=(10,10)).set_axis_off();
[18]:
ffm_asq.head()
[18]:
| quadkey | count | geometry | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 |<PHONE_NUMBER>033 | 83 | POLYGON ((8.61328 50.17690, 8.61328 50.20503, ... |
| 1 |<PHONE_NUMBER>120 | 32 | POLYGON ((8.65723 50.20503, 8.65723 50.23315, ... |
| 2 |<PHONE_NUMBER>121 | 39 | POLYGON ((8.70117 50.20503, 8.70117 50.23315, ... |
| 3 |<PHONE_NUMBER>1220 | 5 | POLYGON ((8.63525 50.19097, 8.63525 50.20503, ... |
| 4 |<PHONE_NUMBER>1221 | 49 | POLYGON ((8.65723 50.19097, 8.65723 50.20503, ... |
Voronoi-Diagrams
Voronoi-Diagram is a method for tessellation that uses irregular shapes to cover the area. In this method, we have a given set of points, called generators. For each generator, there is a polygon that contains the area that is closer to this generator than other generators.
In this context, the generators are the POI, coming from OSM as explained for adaptive squares. Usually, the number of POI is larger than the required number of polygons. So, we can use a clustering method to cluster POI in the first step and then use the cluster centroids as the generator points.
In the example below, we use shop
and public_transport
as POI. We use the k-means
clustering algorithm to cluster the POI and build the generators. The number of polygons is set to 100.
[19]:
ffm_voronoi= ffm.voronoi(cluster_algo='k-means',
poi_categories=['shop','public_transport'],
timeout=60,
n_polygons=100,
verbose=True)
Getting data from OSM...
Creating POI DataFrame...
Cleaning POI DataFrame...
K-Means Clustering...
Creating Voronoi polygons...
We can now plot and visualize the voronoi polygons:
[20]:
ffm_voronoi.plot(lw=1, edgecolor='w', figsize=(10,10)).set_axis_off();
[21]:
ffm_voronoi.head()
[21]:
| geometry | |
|---|---|
| 0 | POLYGON ((8.59543 50.08904, 8.58224 50.09516, ... |
| 1 | POLYGON ((8.72848 50.13084, 8.71238 50.14025, ... |
| 2 | POLYGON ((8.65669 50.13082, 8.64616 50.15157, ... |
| 3 | POLYGON ((8.65870 50.10552, 8.66003 50.11245, ... |
| 4 | POLYGON ((8.51751 50.09623, 8.50234 50.08454, ... |
[22]:
print('Number of polygons ==> ' ,len(ffm_voronoi))
Number of polygons ==> 100
City blocks
The last tessellation method is city blocks. We define city blocks as the smallest area surrounded by street segments. This method gets the road network data from OSM and generates polygons based on the roads. We use hierarchical clustering to merge a group of contiguous polygons. This guarantees that tiny polygons like road islands are not identified as single polygons. The number of desired polygons can be passed. This would be an approximation. The final number of city blocks could slightly vary.
For example, the following is the example of city blocks for Frankfurt:
[23]:
ffm_cb = ffm.city_blocks(n_polygons=500,
detail_deg=None,
split_roads=True,
verbose=True)
Selected highway type(s) are ['highway'~'motorway|trunk|primary|secondary|tertiary|residential|unclassified|motorway_link|trunk_link|primary_link|secondary_link|living_street|pedestrian|track|bus_guideway|footway|path|service|cycleway']
Collecting road network data...
Splitting the linestring, such that each linestring has exactly 2 points.
Collected data has 272749 street segments.
Creating initial city blocks using the road network data...
Merging small city blocks...
[24]:
ffm_cb.plot(lw=1, edgecolor='w', figsize=(10,10)).set_axis_off();
[26]:
ffm_cb.head()
[26]:
| geometry | |
|---|---|
| 0 | POLYGON ((8.68232 50.10887, 8.68220 50.10886, ... |
| 1 | POLYGON ((8.67485 50.11179, 8.67490 50.11181, ... |
| 2 | POLYGON ((8.68545 50.10926, 8.68522 50.10925, ... |
| 3 | POLYGON ((8.69298 50.11307, 8.69298 50.11309, ... |
| 4 | POLYGON ((8.69076 50.10175, 8.69068 50.10173, ... |
[27]:
print('Number of polygons ==> ' ,len(ffm_cb))
Number of polygons ==> 760


{{ card({
"href": "/booking",
"clickable": "true",
"heading": "Book an appointment",
"headingClasses": "nhsuk-heading-s",
"description": "Find out how to book an appointment online or by phone."
}) }}
{{ card({
"href": "#",
"clickable": "true",
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"headingClasses": "nhsuk-heading-s",
"description": "If your prescription is already set up you can ask us to renew it online."
}) }}
{{ card({
"href": "#",
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"heading": "Access your medical record",
"headingClasses": "nhsuk-heading-s",
"description": "How to access your medical record online using the NHS app so you can view your test results etc."
}) }}
{{ card({
"href": "#",
"clickable": "true",
"heading": "Coronavirus vaccine",
"headingClasses": "nhsuk-heading-s",
"description": "How to get your vaccine. What to expect. Advice for vunerable patients."
}) }}
{{ card({
"href": "#",
"clickable": "true",
"heading": "Mental health",
"headingClasses": "nhsuk-heading-s",
"description": "find out about our mental health services, including referral to counselling and our Social Prescriber."
}) }}
{{ card({
"href": "#",
"clickable": "true",
"heading": "Sick notes and fit notes",
"headingClasses": "nhsuk-heading-s",
"description": "If a GP has signed you off sick for a period of time and you need longer to recover, you can apply for this online."
}) }}
{{ card({
"href": "#",
"clickable": "true",
"heading": "Travel vaccinations",
"headingClasses": "nhsuk-heading-s",
"description": "Check what vaccinations you need. How to book."
}) }}
{{ card({
"href": "#",
"clickable": "true",
"heading": "Diabetes clinic",
"headingClasses": "nhsuk-heading-s",
"description": "Find out about out Diabetes clinic. Times and availability. How to book."
}) }}
Admin tasks
{{ card({
"href": "#",
"clickable": "true",
"heading": "Tell us you have changed your address",
"headingClasses": "nhsuk-heading-s",
"description": "Update your address details quickly online."
}) }}
{{ card({
"href": "#",
"clickable": "true",
"heading": "Change your registered email or mobile number",
"headingClasses": "nhsuk-heading-s",
"description": "Update your resitered contact details online, or add more."
}) }}
{{ card({
"href": "#",
"clickable": "true",
"heading": "Medical reports",
"headingClasses": "nhsuk-heading-s",
"description": "How to get a GP medical report if you need one for your job. How much it costs."
}) }}
{{ card({
"href": "#",
"clickable": "true",
"heading": "Another admin task",
"headingClasses": "nhsuk-heading-s",
"description": "An overview of what you can expect to learn about this admin task if you click the link."
}) }}


The kitchen sink comes with a slew of Command Line tools called faucet
. To find
out what are the available commands run the following in terminal.
$ bin/cradle faucet
Code Generators are used to help layout a project faster and used generically written code infrastructure and logic to allow you to focus on custom business rules.
For these instructions we will install a generic post module where its definition
is found in <project folder name>/schema/post.php
.
First run the following command.
$ bin/cradle faucet generate-module --schema post
This will convert the data file found in <project folder name>/schema/post.php
to a code set called a module
that can be generically used through out your project.
It's important to also run composer update
right after.
$ composer update
The next command will generate SQL files within the module folder and then install to your database using the versioning updater built in.
$ bin/cradle faucet generate-sql --schema post
Optionally if you want to populate the SQL we can use the following command.
$ bin/cradle faucet populate-sql --module post
If you want to auto generate an admin for the post
we can do so with the following command.
$ bin/cradle faucet generate-admin --schema post
Like wise with a REST controller, it can be done with the following.
$ bin/cradle faucet generate-rest --schema post


The Microsoft Azure IoT Device library for Node.js contain code that facilitates building devices and applications that connect to and are managed by Azure IoT Hub services.
Features
Device library
- Sends event data to an IoT Hub, in batches or individually.
- Receives messages from an IoT Hub.
- Uses HTTPS to communicate with IoT Hubs. AMQPS support is coming soon.


~ Improvement Through Automation~
SHUK is the new research group lead by Professor Anthony Scopatz at the University of South Carolina in the Mechanical Engineering department.
Our focus is on Nuclear Engineering, Computational Science, and making the universe a better, safer place.
We are committed to open & accessible research tools and methods.
Join Us! We have many new job openings for:
Please see the listings on the jobs page!


Hey guys! It’s me Nathalee and welcome to my beautiful blog page carefully crafted by me and my one and
only. All of the blog posts are written with lots of love by moi (unless I’ll be sharing a remarkable article
that I believe is worthwhile reading and sharing with you!). My hope is to inspire you to be the best you
could ever be by giving you lots of thoughtful advice, tips and tricks.
If you wanna see more of what I have
in mind for YOU, just keep on scrolling! ;)
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Called when user selects and item from the context menu.
onClick = function(event)
You can add event listener during the object creation:
or after the object has been created:
The event will only be triggered if you defined the .menu property for the sidebar. This property
is used for context menu when any of the sidebar items is clicked.
The event handler is called before the default action of the event is triggered. You can cancel the default action by calling
event.preventDefault(). To perform an action
after the event is fully processed, define event.onComplete function.
See events page in utilities for more details.


Protesters flay widening of road along Vaigai bank
by Staff ReporterMADURAI
Members affiliated to Vaigai Nathi Makkal Iyakkam staged a protest at Arapalayam Cross Road here on Saturday, condemning the formation of a two-lane road on either side of the Vaigai between Arapalayam and Viraganoor.
The National Highways wing of the State Department of Highways and Madurai Corporation are widening the roads along the Vaigai and building a retaining wall in the stretch.
M. Rajan, chief coordinator of the movement, alleged that the project will result in shrinking of the river.
The protesters said that the Corporation was still releasing sewage into the Vaigai at many points. “The Corporation's answer that the retaining wall will help to prevent dumping of garbage into the river is not possible,” he said.
He also said that by constructing the retaining wall, the Vaigai will also become like Kiruthumal river, which has now become a carrier of waste. “The connection between the river and the people will also be lost due the construction of retaining wall,” he said.
Mr. Rajan said that at least six padithurais should be present along the Vaigai to enable access to the river.
He added that they would meet the Collector on Monday to submit a petition.


'Anne with an E' to end with Season 3
by Annie MartinNov. 25 (UPI) -- Anne with an E will end with a third and final season.
Netflix confirmed Monday that Season 3 will be the show's last. The season will be released Jan. 3 on Netflix.
Netflix shared the release date alongside a poster of Amybeth McNulty as Anne Shirley. The image shows Anne wearing a blue coat and one of her signature hair ribbons.
"The third and final season of #AnneWithAnE premieres January 3," the post reads.
Anne with an E is based on the Lucy Montgomery novel Anne of Green Gables. The show initially premiered on CBC in 2017 and streams on Netflix in the U.S.
Moira Walley-Beckett created the show, which co-stars Geraldine James as Marilla Cuthbert, R.H. Thompson as Matthew Cuthbert, Dalila Bela as Diana Berry and Lucas Jade Zumann as Gilbert Blythe.
"We've been thrilled to bring the quintessentially Canadian story of Anne with an E to viewers around the world," CBC and Netflix said in a joint statement. "We hope fans of the show love this final season as much as we do, and that it brings a satisfying conclusion to Anne's journey."
Walley-Beckett confirmed the news in an Instagram post Monday.
"I wish it could be different but it cannot. We have reached the end of the red Green Gables road after 3 wonderful seasons," she wrote. "I know you have loved this series as much as I have and I thank for that forever and a day."
Anne with an E follows Anne (McNulty), a spirited teenage orphan girl who goes to live with a brother and sister (James and Thompson) on the farm Green Gables in the 19th century.
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