BytesFunc¶
- Authors
Michael Griffin
- Version
3.4.1 for 2023-04-22
- Copyright
2014 - 2023
- License
This document may be distributed under the Apache License V2.0.
- Language
Python 3.6 or later
Table of Contents
Introduction¶
The BytesFunc module provides high speed array processing functions for use with Python ‘bytes’ and ‘bytearray’ objects. These functions are patterned after the functions in the standard Python “operator” module together with some additional ones from other sources.
The purpose of these functions is to perform mathematical calculations on “bytes” and “bytearray” objects significantly faster than using native Python.
Function Summary¶
The compare operators used for ‘ball’, ‘bany’, and ‘findindex’ are examples only, and other compare operations are available. Many functions will accept other parameter combinations of sequences and numeric parameters. See the details for each function for what parameter combinations are valid.
Brief Description¶
Function |
Equivalent to |
|---|---|
and_ |
Perform a bitwise AND across the sequence. |
ball |
True if all elements of the sequence meet the match criteria. |
bany |
True if any elements of the sequence meet the match criteria. |
bmax |
Return the maximum value in the sequence. |
bmin |
Return the minimum value in the sequence. |
bsum |
Return the sum of the sequence. |
eq |
True if all elements of the sequence equal the compare value. |
findindex |
Returns the index of the first value in an array to meet the specified criteria. |
ge |
True if all elements of the sequence are greater than or equal to the compare value. |
gt |
True if all elements of the sequence are greater than the compare value. |
invert |
Perform a bitwise invert across the sequence. |
le |
True if all elements of the sequence are less than or equal to the compare value. |
lshift |
Perform a bitwise left shift across the sequence. |
lt |
True if all elements of the sequence are less than the compare value. |
ne |
True if all elements of the sequence are not equal the compare value. |
or_ |
Perform a bitwise OR across the sequence. |
rshift |
Perform a bitwise right shift across the sequence. |
xor |
Perform a bitwise XOR across the sequence. |
Python Equivalent¶
Function |
Equivalent to |
|---|---|
and_ |
[x & param for x in sequence1] |
ball |
all([(x > param) for x in array]) |
bany |
any([(x > param) for x in array]) |
bmax |
max(sequence) |
bmin |
min(sequence) |
bsum |
sum(sequence) |
eq |
all([x == param for x in sequence]) |
findindex |
[x for x,y in enumerate(array) if y > param][0] |
ge |
all([x >= param for x in sequence]) |
gt |
all([x > param for x in sequence]) |
invert |
[~x for x in sequence1] |
le |
all([x <= param for x in sequence]) |
lshift |
[x << param for x in sequence1] |
lt |
all([x < param for x in sequence]) |
ne |
all([x != param for x in sequence]) |
or_ |
[x | param for x in sequence1] |
rshift |
[x >> param for x in sequence1] |
xor |
[x ^ param for x in sequence1] |
Description¶
Parameters¶
Parameter Formats¶
Parameters come in several forms.
Sequences. Sequences are either “bytes” or “bytearray” objects. Bytes sequences are immutable and must not be used for output destinations. Bytearray sequences are mutable, and may be used for inputs or outputs.
Numeric parameters. Numeric input parameters are individual integers and must be in the range of 0 to 255.
Comparison operators. Comparison operators are unicode strings in the form used by Python for compare operations. These must be quoted strings, and not bare Python symbols. See the section below for a list of these.
Sequence length control. Sequence length control allows only part of a sequence to be used as an input. See the section below for details.
Overflow detection disable. Overflow detection control is used for disable integer overflow. See the section below for details.
Example:
sequence = bytes([1, 2, 5, 99, 8])
# Find the maximum value and return it. The answer should be 99.
result = bytesfunc.bmax(sequence)
Example:
sequence1 = bytes([1, 2, 5, 99, 8])
sequence2 = bytearray([0, 0, 0, 0, 0])
# Xor each element in sequence1 with '7', and write the output to
# sequence2. Sequence2 should be bytearray(b'\x06\x05\x02d\x0f').
bytesfunc.xor(sequence1, 7, sequence2)
Example:
sequence1 = bytes([1, 2, 5, 99, 8, 101])
# Find the first index of sequence1 which is greater than or equal to 99.
# The answer should be 3.
result = bytesfunc.findindex('>=', sequence, 99)
Function Documentation Details¶
and_¶
Calculate and_ over the values in a bytes or bytearray object.
Equivalent to: |
[x & param for x in sequence1] |
or |
[param & x for x in sequence1] |
or |
[x & y for x,y in zip(sequence1, sequence2)] |
Call formats:
and_(sequence1, param)
and_(sequence1, param, outpsequence)
and_(param, sequence1)
and_(param, sequence1, outpsequence)
and_(sequence1, sequence2)
and_(sequence1, sequence2, outpsequence)
and_(sequence1, param, maxlen=y)
and_(sequence1, param, nosimd=False)
sequence1 - The first input data bytes or bytearray sequence to be examined. If no output sequence is provided the results will overwrite the input data.
param - A non-sequence numeric parameter.
sequence2 - A second input data sequence. Each element in this sequence is applied to the corresponding element in the first sequence.
outpsequence - The output sequence. This parameter is optional.
maxlen - Limit the length of the sequence used. This must be a valid positive integer. If a zero or negative length, or a value which is greater than the actual length of the sequence is specified, this parameter is ignored.
nosimd - If True, SIMD acceleration is disabled. This parameter is optional. The default is FALSE.
ball¶
Calculate ball over the values a bytes or bytearray object.
Equivalent to: |
all([(x > param) for x in array]) |
Call formats:
result = ball(opstr, sequence, param)
result = ball(opstr, sequence, param, maxlen=y)
result = ball(opstr, sequence, param, nosimd=False)
- opstr - The arithmetic comparison operation as a string.
These are: ‘==’, ‘>’, ‘>=’, ‘<’, ‘<=’, ‘!=’.
sequence - An input bytes or bytearray to be examined.
param - A non-array numeric parameter.
maxlen - Limit the length of the sequence used. This must be a valid positive integer. If a zero or negative length, or a value which is greater than the actual length of the sequence is specified, this parameter is ignored.
nosimd - If True, SIMD acceleration is disabled if present. The default is False (SIMD acceleration is enabled if present).
result - A boolean value corresponding to the result of all the comparison operations. If any comparison operations result in true, the return value will be true. If all of them result in false, the return value will be false.
bany¶
Calculate bany over the values a bytes or bytearray object.
Equivalent to: |
any([(x > param) for x in array]) |
Call formats:
result = bany(opstr, sequence, param)
result = bany(opstr, sequence, param, maxlen=y)
result = bany(opstr, sequence, param, nosimd=False)
- opstr - The arithmetic comparison operation as a string.
These are: ‘==’, ‘>’, ‘>=’, ‘<’, ‘<=’, ‘!=’.
sequence - An input bytes or bytearray to be examined.
param - A non-array numeric parameter.
maxlen - Limit the length of the sequence used. This must be a valid positive integer. If a zero or negative length, or a value which is greater than the actual length of the sequence is specified, this parameter is ignored.
nosimd - If True, SIMD acceleration is disabled if present. The default is False (SIMD acceleration is enabled if present).
result - A boolean value corresponding to the result of all the comparison operations. If all comparison operations result in true, the return value will be true. If any of them result in false, the return value will be false.
bmax¶
Calculate bmax over the values in an array.
Equivalent to: |
max(sequence) |
Call formats:
result = bmax(sequence)
result = bmax(sequence, maxlen=y)
result = bmax(sequence, nosimd=False)
sequence - The input bytes or bytearray to be examined.
maxlen - Limit the length of the sequence used. This must be a valid positive integer. If a zero or negative length, or a value which is greater than the actual length of the sequence is specified, this parameter is ignored.
nosimd - If True, SIMD acceleration is disabled if present. The default is False (SIMD acceleration is enabled if present).
result = The maximum of all the values in the sequence.
bmin¶
Calculate bmin over the values in an array.
Equivalent to: |
min(sequence) |
Call formats:
result = bmin(sequence)
result = bmin(sequence, maxlen=y)
result = bmin(sequence, nosimd=False)
sequence - The input bytes or bytearray to be examined.
maxlen - Limit the length of the sequence used. This must be a valid positive integer. If a zero or negative length, or a value which is greater than the actual length of the sequence is specified, this parameter is ignored.
nosimd - If True, SIMD acceleration is disabled if present. The default is False (SIMD acceleration is enabled if present).
result = The minimum of all the values in the sequence.
bsum¶
Calculate the arithmetic sum of an bytes or bytearray sequence.
Equivalent to: |
sum(sequence) |
Call formats:
result = bsum(sequence)
result = bsum(sequence, maxlen=y)
result = bsum(sequence, matherrors=False)
result = bsum(sequence, nosimd=False)
sequence - An input bytes or bytearray to be examined.
maxlen - Limit the length of the sequence used. This must be a valid positive integer. If a zero or negative length, or a value which is greater than the actual length of the sequence is specified, this parameter is ignored.
matherrors - If True, checks for numerical errors including integer overflow are ignored.
nosimd - If True, SIMD acceleration is disabled if present. The default is False (SIMD acceleration is enabled if present).
result - The sum of the sequence.
eq¶
Calculate eq over the values in a bytes or bytearray object.
Equivalent to: |
all([x == param for x in sequence]) |
or |
all([param == x for x in sequence]) |
or |
all([x == y for x,y in zip(sequence1, sequence2)]) |
Call formats:
result = eq(sequence1, param)
result = eq(param, sequence1)
result = eq(sequence1, sequence2)
result = eq(sequence1, param, maxlen=y)
result = eq(sequence1, param, nosimd=False)
sequence1 - An input bytes or bytearray to be examined.
sequence2 - An input bytes or bytearray to be examined.
param - A integer numeric input parameter in the range 0 - 255.
The first and second parameters are compared to each other. If one parameter is a sequence and the other is an integer, the integer is compared to each element in the sequence. If both parameters are sequences, each element of one sequence is compared to the corresponding element of the other sequence.
maxlen - Limit the length of the sequence used. This must be a valid positive integer. If a zero or negative length, or a value which is greater than the actual length of the sequence is specified, this parameter is ignored.
nosimd - If True, SIMD acceleration is disabled if present. The default is False (SIMD acceleration is enabled if present).
result - A boolean value corresponding to the result of all the comparison operations. If all comparison operations result in true, the return value will be true. If any of them result in false, the return value will be false.
findindex¶
Calculate findindex over the values a bytes or bytearray object.
Equivalent to: |
[x for x,y in enumerate(array) if y > param][0] |
Call formats:
result = findindex(opstr, sequence, param)
result = findindex(opstr, sequence, param, maxlen=y)
result = findindex(opstr, sequence, param, nosimd=False)
- opstr - The arithmetic comparison operation as a string.
These are: ‘==’, ‘>’, ‘>=’, ‘<’, ‘<=’, ‘!=’.
sequence - An input bytes or bytearray to be examined.
param - A non-array numeric parameter.
maxlen - Limit the length of the sequence used. This must be a valid positive integer. If a zero or negative length, or a value which is greater than the actual length of the sequence is specified, this parameter is ignored.
nosimd - If True, SIMD acceleration is disabled if present. The default is False (SIMD acceleration is enabled if present).
result - The resulting index. This will be negative if no match was found.
ge¶
Calculate ge over the values in a bytes or bytearray object.
Equivalent to: |
all([x >= param for x in sequence]) |
or |
all([param >= x for x in sequence]) |
or |
all([x >= y for x,y in zip(sequence1, sequence2)]) |
Call formats:
result = ge(sequence1, param)
result = ge(param, sequence1)
result = ge(sequence1, sequence2)
result = ge(sequence1, param, maxlen=y)
result = ge(sequence1, param, nosimd=False)
sequence1 - An input bytes or bytearray to be examined.
sequence2 - An input bytes or bytearray to be examined.
param - A integer numeric input parameter in the range 0 - 255.
The first and second parameters are compared to each other. If one parameter is a sequence and the other is an integer, the integer is compared to each element in the sequence. If both parameters are sequences, each element of one sequence is compared to the corresponding element of the other sequence.
maxlen - Limit the length of the sequence used. This must be a valid positive integer. If a zero or negative length, or a value which is greater than the actual length of the sequence is specified, this parameter is ignored.
nosimd - If True, SIMD acceleration is disabled if present. The default is False (SIMD acceleration is enabled if present).
result - A boolean value corresponding to the result of all the comparison operations. If all comparison operations result in true, the return value will be true. If any of them result in false, the return value will be false.
gt¶
Calculate gt over the values in a bytes or bytearray object.
Equivalent to: |
all([x > param for x in sequence]) |
or |
all([param > x for x in sequence]) |
or |
all([x > y for x,y in zip(sequence1, sequence2)]) |
Call formats:
result = gt(sequence1, param)
result = gt(param, sequence1)
result = gt(sequence1, sequence2)
result = gt(sequence1, param, maxlen=y)
result = gt(sequence1, param, nosimd=False)
sequence1 - An input bytes or bytearray to be examined.
sequence2 - An input bytes or bytearray to be examined.
param - A integer numeric input parameter in the range 0 - 255.
The first and second parameters are compared to each other. If one parameter is a sequence and the other is an integer, the integer is compared to each element in the sequence. If both parameters are sequences, each element of one sequence is compared to the corresponding element of the other sequence.
maxlen - Limit the length of the sequence used. This must be a valid positive integer. If a zero or negative length, or a value which is greater than the actual length of the sequence is specified, this parameter is ignored.
nosimd - If True, SIMD acceleration is disabled if present. The default is False (SIMD acceleration is enabled if present).
result - A boolean value corresponding to the result of all the comparison operations. If all comparison operations result in true, the return value will be true. If any of them result in false, the return value will be false.
invert¶
Calculate invert over the values in a bytes or bytearray object.
Equivalent to: |
[~x for x in sequence1] |
Call formats:
invert(sequence1)
invert(sequence1, outpseq)
invert(sequence1, maxlen=y)
invert(sequence1, nosimd=False)
sequence1 - The input bytes or bytearray to be examined. If no output bytearray is provided the results will overwrite the input data, in which case it must be a bytearray.
outpseq - The output bytearray. This parameter is optional.
maxlen - Limit the length of the sequence used. This must be a valid positive integer. If a zero or negative length, or a value which is greater than the actual length of the sequence is specified, this parameter is ignored.
nosimd - If True, SIMD acceleration is disabled. This parameter is optional. The default is FALSE.
le¶
Calculate le over the values in a bytes or bytearray object.
Equivalent to: |
all([x <= param for x in sequence]) |
or |
all([param <= x for x in sequence]) |
or |
all([x <= y for x,y in zip(sequence1, sequence2)]) |
Call formats:
result = le(sequence1, param)
result = le(param, sequence1)
result = le(sequence1, sequence2)
result = le(sequence1, param, maxlen=y)
result = le(sequence1, param, nosimd=False)
sequence1 - An input bytes or bytearray to be examined.
sequence2 - An input bytes or bytearray to be examined.
param - A integer numeric input parameter in the range 0 - 255.
The first and second parameters are compared to each other. If one parameter is a sequence and the other is an integer, the integer is compared to each element in the sequence. If both parameters are sequences, each element of one sequence is compared to the corresponding element of the other sequence.
maxlen - Limit the length of the sequence used. This must be a valid positive integer. If a zero or negative length, or a value which is greater than the actual length of the sequence is specified, this parameter is ignored.
nosimd - If True, SIMD acceleration is disabled if present. The default is False (SIMD acceleration is enabled if present).
result - A boolean value corresponding to the result of all the comparison operations. If all comparison operations result in true, the return value will be true. If any of them result in false, the return value will be false.
lshift¶
Calculate lshift over the values in a bytes or bytearray object.
Equivalent to: |
[x << param for x in sequence1] |
or |
[param << x for x in sequence1] |
or |
[x << y for x,y in zip(sequence1, sequence2)] |
Call formats:
lshift(sequence1, param)
lshift(sequence1, param, outpsequence)
lshift(param, sequence1)
lshift(param, sequence1, outpsequence)
lshift(sequence1, sequence2)
lshift(sequence1, sequence2, outpsequence)
lshift(sequence1, param, maxlen=y)
lshift(sequence1, param, nosimd=False)
sequence1 - The first input data bytes or bytearray sequence to be examined. If no output sequence is provided the results will overwrite the input data.
param - A non-sequence numeric parameter.
sequence2 - A second input data sequence. Each element in this sequence is applied to the corresponding element in the first sequence.
outpsequence - The output sequence. This parameter is optional.
maxlen - Limit the length of the sequence used. This must be a valid positive integer. If a zero or negative length, or a value which is greater than the actual length of the sequence is specified, this parameter is ignored.
nosimd - If True, SIMD acceleration is disabled. This parameter is optional. The default is FALSE.
lt¶
Calculate lt over the values in a bytes or bytearray object.
Equivalent to: |
all([x < param for x in sequence]) |
or |
all([param < x for x in sequence]) |
or |
all([x < y for x,y in zip(sequence1, sequence2)]) |
Call formats:
result = lt(sequence1, param)
result = lt(param, sequence1)
result = lt(sequence1, sequence2)
result = lt(sequence1, param, maxlen=y)
result = lt(sequence1, param, nosimd=False)
sequence1 - An input bytes or bytearray to be examined.
sequence2 - An input bytes or bytearray to be examined.
param - A integer numeric input parameter in the range 0 - 255.
The first and second parameters are compared to each other. If one parameter is a sequence and the other is an integer, the integer is compared to each element in the sequence. If both parameters are sequences, each element of one sequence is compared to the corresponding element of the other sequence.
maxlen - Limit the length of the sequence used. This must be a valid positive integer. If a zero or negative length, or a value which is greater than the actual length of the sequence is specified, this parameter is ignored.
nosimd - If True, SIMD acceleration is disabled if present. The default is False (SIMD acceleration is enabled if present).
result - A boolean value corresponding to the result of all the comparison operations. If all comparison operations result in true, the return value will be true. If any of them result in false, the return value will be false.
ne¶
Calculate ne over the values in a bytes or bytearray object.
Equivalent to: |
all([x != param for x in sequence]) |
or |
all([param != x for x in sequence]) |
or |
all([x != y for x,y in zip(sequence1, sequence2)]) |
Call formats:
result = ne(sequence1, param)
result = ne(param, sequence1)
result = ne(sequence1, sequence2)
result = ne(sequence1, param, maxlen=y)
result = ne(sequence1, param, nosimd=False)
sequence1 - An input bytes or bytearray to be examined.
sequence2 - An input bytes or bytearray to be examined.
param - A integer numeric input parameter in the range 0 - 255.
The first and second parameters are compared to each other. If one parameter is a sequence and the other is an integer, the integer is compared to each element in the sequence. If both parameters are sequences, each element of one sequence is compared to the corresponding element of the other sequence.
maxlen - Limit the length of the sequence used. This must be a valid positive integer. If a zero or negative length, or a value which is greater than the actual length of the sequence is specified, this parameter is ignored.
nosimd - If True, SIMD acceleration is disabled if present. The default is False (SIMD acceleration is enabled if present).
result - A boolean value corresponding to the result of all the comparison operations. If all comparison operations result in true, the return value will be true. If any of them result in false, the return value will be false.
or_¶
Calculate or_ over the values in a bytes or bytearray object.
Equivalent to: |
[x | param for x in sequence1] |
or |
[param | x for x in sequence1] |
or |
[x | y for x,y in zip(sequence1, sequence2)] |
Call formats:
or_(sequence1, param)
or_(sequence1, param, outpsequence)
or_(param, sequence1)
or_(param, sequence1, outpsequence)
or_(sequence1, sequence2)
or_(sequence1, sequence2, outpsequence)
or_(sequence1, param, maxlen=y)
or_(sequence1, param, nosimd=False)
sequence1 - The first input data bytes or bytearray sequence to be examined. If no output sequence is provided the results will overwrite the input data.
param - A non-sequence numeric parameter.
sequence2 - A second input data sequence. Each element in this sequence is applied to the corresponding element in the first sequence.
outpsequence - The output sequence. This parameter is optional.
maxlen - Limit the length of the sequence used. This must be a valid positive integer. If a zero or negative length, or a value which is greater than the actual length of the sequence is specified, this parameter is ignored.
nosimd - If True, SIMD acceleration is disabled. This parameter is optional. The default is FALSE.
rshift¶
Calculate rshift over the values in a bytes or bytearray object.
Equivalent to: |
[x >> param for x in sequence1] |
or |
[param >> x for x in sequence1] |
or |
[x >> y for x,y in zip(sequence1, sequence2)] |
Call formats:
rshift(sequence1, param)
rshift(sequence1, param, outpsequence)
rshift(param, sequence1)
rshift(param, sequence1, outpsequence)
rshift(sequence1, sequence2)
rshift(sequence1, sequence2, outpsequence)
rshift(sequence1, param, maxlen=y)
rshift(sequence1, param, nosimd=False)
sequence1 - The first input data bytes or bytearray sequence to be examined. If no output sequence is provided the results will overwrite the input data.
param - A non-sequence numeric parameter.
sequence2 - A second input data sequence. Each element in this sequence is applied to the corresponding element in the first sequence.
outpsequence - The output sequence. This parameter is optional.
maxlen - Limit the length of the sequence used. This must be a valid positive integer. If a zero or negative length, or a value which is greater than the actual length of the sequence is specified, this parameter is ignored.
nosimd - If True, SIMD acceleration is disabled. This parameter is optional. The default is FALSE.
xor¶
Calculate xor over the values in a bytes or bytearray object.
Equivalent to: |
[x ^ param for x in sequence1] |
or |
[param ^ x for x in sequence1] |
or |
[x ^ y for x,y in zip(sequence1, sequence2)] |
Call formats:
xor(sequence1, param)
xor(sequence1, param, outpsequence)
xor(param, sequence1)
xor(param, sequence1, outpsequence)
xor(sequence1, sequence2)
xor(sequence1, sequence2, outpsequence)
xor(sequence1, param, maxlen=y)
xor(sequence1, param, nosimd=False)
sequence1 - The first input data bytes or bytearray sequence to be examined. If no output sequence is provided the results will overwrite the input data.
param - A non-sequence numeric parameter.
sequence2 - A second input data sequence. Each element in this sequence is applied to the corresponding element in the first sequence.
outpsequence - The output sequence. This parameter is optional.
maxlen - Limit the length of the sequence used. This must be a valid positive integer. If a zero or negative length, or a value which is greater than the actual length of the sequence is specified, this parameter is ignored.
nosimd - If True, SIMD acceleration is disabled. This parameter is optional. The default is FALSE.
Parameter Details¶
Comparison Operators¶
Some functions use comparison operators. These are unicode strings containing the Python compare operators and include following:
Operator |
Description |
|---|---|
‘<’ |
Less than. |
‘<=’ |
Less than or equal to. |
‘>’ |
Greater than. |
‘>=’ |
Greater than or equal to. |
‘==’ |
Equal to. |
‘!=’ |
Not equal to. |
All comparison operators must contain only the above characters and may not include any leading or trailing spaces or other characters.
Numeric Parameters¶
“Bytes” and “bytearray” objects are sequences of 8 bit bytes with each element being in the range of 0 to 255. When a function accepts a non-sequence numeric parameter, this must also be in the range of 0 to 255.
Using Less than the Entire Sequence¶
If the size of the sequence is larger than the desired length of the calculation, it may be limited to the first part of the sequence by using the ‘maxlen’ parameter. In the following example only the first 3 elements will be operated on, with the following ones left unchanged.:
x = bytes([20,21,22,23,24,25])
result = bytesfunc.bmax(x, maxlen=3)
Suppressing or Ignoring Math Errors¶
Some functions can be made to ignore some mathematical errors (e.g. integer overflow) by setting the ‘matherrors’ keyword parameter to True.:
x = bytes([20,21,22,23,24,250,250])
result = bytesfunc.sum(x, matherrors=True)
Ignoring errors may be desirable if the side effect (e.g. the result of an integer overflow) is the intended effect, or for reasons of a minor performance improvement in some cases. Benchmark your calculation before deciding if this is worth while.
Differences with Native Python¶
In some cases ‘BytesFunc’ will not produce exactly the same result as Python. There are several reasons for this, the primary one being that BytesFunc operates on different underlying data types. Specifically, BytesFunc uses the platform’s native integer types while Python integers are of arbitrary size and can never overflow (Python simply expands the word size indefinitely), while BytesFunc integers will overflow the same as they would with programs written in C.
Think of BytesFunc as exposing C style semantics in a form convenient to use in Python. Some convenience which Python provides (e.g. no limit to the size of integers) is traded off for large performance increases.
SIMD Support¶
General¶
SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) is a set of CPU features which allow multiple operations to take place in parallel. Some, but not all, functions may make use of these instructions to speed up execution.
Disabling SIMD¶
Those functions which do support SIMD features will automatically make use of them by default unless this feature is disabled. There is normally no reason to disable SIMD, but should there be hardware related problems the function can be forced to fall back to conventional execution mode.
If the optional parameter “nosimd” is set to true (“nosimd=True”), SIMD execution will be disabled. The default is “False”.
To repeat, there is normally no reason to wish to disable SIMD.
Platform Support¶
SIMD instructions are presently supported only on the following:
64 bit x86 (i.e. AMD64) using GCC.
32 bit ARMv7 using GCC (tested on Raspberry Pi 3).
64 bit ARMv8 AARCH64 using GCC (tested on Raspberry Pi 4).
Other compilers or platforms will still run the same functions and should produce the same results, but they will not benefit from SIMD acceleration.
However, non-SIMD functions will still be much faster standard Python code. See the performance benchmarks to see what the relative speed differences are. With wider data types (e.g. double precision floating point) SIMD provides only marginal speed ups anyway.
Raspberry Pi 32 versus 64 bit¶
The Raspberry Pi uses an ARM CPU. This can operate in 32 or 64 bit mode. When in 32 bit mode, the Raspberry Pi 3 operates in ARMv7 mode. This has 64 bit ARM NEON SIMD vectors.
When in 64 bit mode, it acts as an ARMv8, with AARCH64 128 bit ARM NEON SIMD vectors.
The Raspbian Linux OS is 32 bit mode only. Other distros such as Ubuntu offer 64 bit versions.
The “setup.py” file uses platform detection code to determine which ARM CPU and mode it is running on. Due to the availability of hardware for testing, this code is tailored to the Raspberry Pi 3 and Raspberry Pi 4 and the operating systems listed. This code then selects the appropriate compiler arguments to pass to the setup routines to tell the compiler what mode to compile for.
If other ARM platforms are used which have different platform signatures or which require different compiler arguments, the “setup.py” file may need to be modified in order to use SIMD acceleration.
However, the straight ‘C’ code should still compile and run, and still provide performance many times faster than when using native Python.
SIMD Function Support¶
The following table shows which functions are supported by SIMD on which CPU architectures.
Function |
x86 |
ARMv7 |
ARMv8 |
|---|---|---|---|
and_ |
X |
X |
X |
ball |
X |
X |
X |
bany |
X |
X |
X |
bmax |
X |
X |
X |
bmin |
X |
X |
X |
bsum |
X |
X |
|
eq |
X |
X |
X |
findindex |
X |
X |
X |
ge |
X |
X |
X |
gt |
X |
X |
X |
invert |
X |
X |
X |
le |
X |
X |
X |
lshift |
X |
X |
X |
lt |
X |
X |
X |
ne |
X |
X |
X |
or_ |
X |
X |
X |
rshift |
X |
X |
X |
xor |
X |
X |
X |
SIMD Support Attributes¶
“Simdsupport” provides information on the SIMD level compiled into this version of the library. There are two attributes, ‘hassimd’ and ‘simdarch’.
‘hassimd’ is TRUE if the CPU supports the required SIMD features.
- ‘simdarch’ contains a string indicating the CPU architecture the library
was compiled for.
Example:
>>> bytesfunc.simdsupport.hassimd
True
Example:
>>> bytesfunc.simdsupport.simdarch
'x86_64'
This was created primarily for unit testing and benchmarking and should not be considered to be a permanent or stable part of the library.
Performance¶
Variables affecting Performance¶
The purpose of the BytesFunc module is to execute common operations faster than native Python. The relative speed will depend upon a number of factors:
The function.
Function options. Turning checking off will result in faster performance.
The data in the sequence and the parameters.
The size of the sequence.
The platform, including CPU type (e.g. x86 or ARM), operating system, and compiler.
The speeds listed below should be used as rough guidelines only. More exact results will require application specific testing. The numbers shown are the execution time of each function relative to native Python. For example, a value of ‘50’ means that the corresponding BytesFunc operation ran 50 times faster than the closest native Python equivalent.
Both relative performance (the speed-up as compared to Python) and absolute performance (the actual execution speed of Python and BytesFunc) will vary significantly depending upon the compiler (which is OS platform dependent) and whether compiled to 32 or 64 bit. If your precise actual benchmark performance results matter, be sure to conduct your testing using the actual OS and compiler your final program will be deployed on. The values listed below were measured on x86-64 Linux compiled with GCC.
Note: Some more complex BytesFunc functions do not work exactly the same way as the native Python equivalents. This means that the benchmark results should be taken as general guidelines rather than precise comparisons.
Typical Performance Readings¶
In this set of tests, all error checking was turned on and SIMD acceleration was enabled where this did not conflict with the preceding (the defaults in each case).
The Bytesfunc versus Python factor of 100.0 means the bytesfunc version ran 100 times faster than in native Python on that platform. Benchmarks for different hardware and platforms cannot be compared via this benchmark in terms of absolute performance as these are relative, not absolute numbers.
An SIMD versus non-SIMD factor of 10.0 means the SIMD version was 10 times faster than the non-SIMD version. An SIMD versus non-SIMD factor of 0.0 means the function did not support SIMD on the tested platform.
x86-64 Benchmarks¶
The following tests were conducted on an x86-64 CPU.
Relative Performance - Python Time / Bytesfunc Time.
function |
Bytesfunc vs Python |
SIMD vs non-SIMD |
|---|---|---|
and_ |
1129.5 |
12.3 |
ball |
641.4 |
13.8 |
bany |
663.9 |
13.8 |
bmax |
85.7 |
2.6 |
bmin |
86.1 |
3.0 |
bsum |
14.7 |
|
eq |
745.7 |
15.7 |
findindex |
764.9 |
12.5 |
ge |
752.8 |
15.1 |
gt |
577.0 |
11.9 |
invert |
1166.2 |
11.0 |
le |
728.0 |
15.1 |
lshift |
1823.9 |
9.2 |
lt |
553.8 |
11.6 |
ne |
801.7 |
15.4 |
or_ |
1122.0 |
12.4 |
rshift |
1266.2 |
8.1 |
xor |
1222.2 |
12.0 |
Stat |
Value |
|---|---|
Average: |
786 |
Maximum: |
1824 |
Minimum: |
14.7 |
Array size: |
100000 |
ARMv7 Benchmarks¶
The following tests were conducted on an ARM CPU in 32 bit mode (ARMv7) on a Raspberry Pi 3.
Relative Performance - Python Time / Bytesfunc Time.
function |
Bytesfunc vs Python |
SIMD vs non-SIMD |
|---|---|---|
and_ |
1103.9 |
3.7 |
ball |
347.6 |
2.6 |
bany |
331.7 |
2.4 |
bmax |
265.9 |
5.0 |
bmin |
261.4 |
5.0 |
bsum |
71.5 |
2.9 |
eq |
349.6 |
2.6 |
findindex |
508.1 |
3.2 |
ge |
359.9 |
2.6 |
gt |
359.2 |
2.6 |
invert |
914.4 |
3.7 |
le |
360.0 |
2.6 |
lshift |
1358.1 |
4.2 |
lt |
357.0 |
2.6 |
ne |
328.2 |
2.4 |
or_ |
1121.2 |
3.7 |
rshift |
960.1 |
5.1 |
xor |
1170.3 |
3.7 |
Stat |
Value |
|---|---|
Average: |
585 |
Maximum: |
1358 |
Minimum: |
71.5 |
Array size: |
100000 |
ARMv8 Benchmarks¶
The following tests were conducted on an ARM CPU in 64 bit mode (ARMv8) on a Raspberry Pi 4.
Relative Performance - Python Time / Bytesfunc Time.
function |
Bytesfunc vs Python |
SIMD vs non-SIMD |
|---|---|---|
and_ |
998.9 |
7.5 |
ball |
501.7 |
6.0 |
bany |
543.4 |
6.2 |
bmax |
364.9 |
13.9 |
bmin |
361.5 |
13.9 |
bsum |
115.8 |
6.6 |
eq |
506.5 |
6.0 |
findindex |
687.0 |
6.1 |
ge |
533.2 |
6.0 |
gt |
528.5 |
6.0 |
invert |
698.4 |
9.2 |
le |
532.1 |
6.0 |
lshift |
1332.2 |
7.6 |
lt |
527.2 |
6.0 |
ne |
554.3 |
6.2 |
or_ |
740.1 |
6.3 |
rshift |
713.0 |
6.2 |
xor |
1099.4 |
8.2 |
Stat |
Value |
|---|---|
Average: |
630 |
Maximum: |
1332 |
Minimum: |
115.8 |
Array size: |
100000 |
Platform Effects¶
The platform, including CPU, OS, compiler, and compiler version can affect performance, and this influence can change significantly for different functions.
If your application requires exact performance data, then benchmark your application in the specific platform (hardware, OS, and compiler) that you will be using.
Platform support¶
List of tested Operation Systems, Compilers, and CPU Architectures¶
BytesFunc is written in ‘C’ and uses the standard C libraries to implement the underlying math functions. BytesFunc has been tested on the following platforms.
OS |
Hardware |
Bits |
Compiler |
Python Version |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Debian 11 |
i686 |
32 |
GCC |
3.9.2 |
Debian 11 |
x86_64 |
64 |
GCC |
3.9.2 |
Ubuntu 22.04 |
x86_64 |
64 |
GCC |
3.10.6 |
Ubuntu 23.04 |
x86_64 |
64 |
GCC |
3.11.2 |
opensuse-leap 15.4 |
x86_64 |
64 |
GCC |
3.6.15 |
almalinux 9.1 |
x86_64 |
64 |
GCC |
3.9.14 |
alpine 3.17.3 |
i686 |
32 |
GCC |
3.10.11 |
FreeBSD 13.2 |
amd64 |
64 |
Clang |
3.9.16 |
OpenBSD 7.3 |
amd64 |
64 |
Clang |
3.10.10 |
MS Windows 10 |
AMD64 |
64 |
MSC |
3.11.0 |
MS Windows 11 |
AMD64 |
64 |
MSC |
3.11.0 |
Raspbian 11 |
armv7l |
32 |
GCC |
3.9.2 |
Ubuntu 22.04 |
aarch64 |
64 |
GCC |
3.10.6 |
amd64 is another name for x86_64 and does not indicate the CPU brand. armv7l is 32 bit ARM. The test hardware is a Raspberry Pi 3. aarch64 is 64 bit ARM. The test hardware is a Raspberry Pi 4.
The Rasberry Pi 3 tests were conducted on a Raspberry Pi 3 ARM CPU running in 32 bit mode.
The Ubuntu ARM tests were conducted on a Raspberry Pi 4 ARM CPU running in 64 bit mode.
All others were conducted using VMs running on x86 hardware.
Platform Oddities¶
As most operators are implemented using native behaviour, details of some operations may depend on the CPU architecture.
Lshift and rshift will exhibit a behaviour that depends on the CPU type whether it is 32 or 64 bit, and array size.
For 32 bit x86 systems, if the array word size is 32 bits or less, the shift is masked to 5 bits. That is, shift amounts greater than 32 will “roll over”, repeating smaller shifts.
On 64 bit systems, this behaviour will vary depending on whether SIMD is used or not. Arrays which are not even multiples of SIMD register sizes may exibit different behaviour at different array indexes (depending on whether SIMD or non-SIMD instructions were used for those parts of the array).
ARM does not display this roll-over behaviour, and so may give different results than x86. However, negative shift values may result in the shift operation being conducted in the opposite direction (e.g. right shift instead of left shift).
The conclusion is that bit shift operations which use a shift amount which is not in the range of 0 to “maximum number” may produce undefined results. So valid bit shift amounts should be 0 to 7.
Installing on Linux with PIP and PEP-668¶
PEP-668 (PEPs describe changes to Python) introduced a new feature which can affect how packages are installed with PIP. If PIP is configured to be EXTERNALLY-MANAGED it will refuse to install a package outside of a virtual environment.
The intention of this is to prevent conflicts between packages which are installed using the system package manager, and ones which are installed using PIP.
Linux distros which are affeced by this include the latest versions of Debian and Ubuntu.
As this package is a library which is intended to be used by other applications, there is no one right way to install it, whether inside or outside of a virtual environment. Review the options available with PIP to see what is suitable for your application.
For testing purposes this package was installed by setting the environment variable PIP_BREAK_SYSTEM_PACKAGES to “1”, which effectively disables this feature in PIP.
example:
export PIP_BREAK_SYSTEM_PACKAGES=1


{%extends "index.html" %} {% macro render_field(field, label_visible=true) -%} {% if field.type != 'HiddenField' and label_visible %} {{ field(class_='form-control', **kwargs)|safe}} {% if field.errors %} {% for e in field.errors %}
{{fellow.generalObjective}}
{{fellow.justification}}
{{fellow.methodology}}
{{fellow.plan}}
According to the available information in the applicant's CV, review the previous investigation on a scale from 1 to 5, being the latter the best choice.
According to the available information in the applicant's CV and his/her working plan, review the current investigation on a scale from 1 to 5, being the latter the best choice.
Do you justify the purpose of the Application of this applicant and his/her project? review your consideration on a scale from 1 to 5, being the latter the best choice.
According to the available information en the applicant's CV, review the importance of training courses on a scale from 1 to 5, being the latter the best choice.
Please justify briefly your evaluation score.


For a sequence of event occurence times, we are interested in finding subsequences in it that are too "regular". We define regular as being significantly different from a homogeneous Poisson process. The departure from the Poisson process is measured using a L1 distance. See Di and Perlman 2007 for more details.
| Version: | 0.12 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 2.10) |
| Published: | 2014-03-09 |
| Author: | Yanming Di |
| Maintainer: | Yanming Di <diy at stat.oregonstate.edu> |
| License: | GPL-2 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| CRAN checks: | regsubseq results |
| Reference manual: | regsubseq.pdf |
| Package source: | regsubseq_0.12.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: regsubseq_0.12.zip, r-release: regsubseq_0.12.zip, r-oldrel: regsubseq_0.12.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: regsubseq_0.12.tgz, r-oldrel: regsubseq_0.12.tgz |
| Old sources: | regsubseq archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=regsubseq to link to this page.


- CALL_LIST_PATIENTS - Static variable in class utility.SessionObjectUtility
-
The call list patients attribute key
- CALL_LIST_SUBJECT - Static variable in class utility.SessionObjectUtility
-
The call list subject attribute key
- CallListDataAccess - Class in data
-
This data-access class retrieves patient call lists and email messages.
- CallListDataAccess() - Constructor for class data.CallListDataAccess
-
- CallListDataAccess.LastMeasurementDateType - Enum in data
-
This enum indicates a type for a last measurement date collected in a
call list.
- CallListServlet - Class in controller
-
This HttpServlet class coordinates the functions of the call lists page.
- CallListServlet() - Constructor for class controller.CallListServlet
-
- CallListUtility - Class in utility
-
This utility class contains methods for sorting the patient call lists in a
manner chosen by the user.
- CallListUtility() - Constructor for class utility.CallListUtility
-
- CallListUtility.SortType - Enum in utility
-
This enum type holds indicator values for the sort type.
- CategoricalResult - Class in registry
-
This class represents a patient's categorical result.
- CategoricalResult() - Constructor for class registry.CategoricalResult
-
Default constructor
- CategoricalResult(String, String, Date) - Constructor for class registry.CategoricalResult
-
Parameterized constructor
- CategoricalValue - Class in registry
-
This class contains a category and an associated value for statistical
representation.
- CategoricalValue() - Constructor for class registry.CategoricalValue
-
Default constructor
- CategoricalValue(String, BigDecimal) - Constructor for class registry.CategoricalValue
-
Parameterized constructor
- CategoricalValue(BigDecimal, int) - Constructor for class registry.CategoricalValue
-
Parameterized constructor
- changeQualityReferenceStatus(String) - Static method in class data.AdministrationDataAccess
-
This method connects to the database to change the status of the quality
reference associated with the given responsibility.
- changeUserPassword(String, String, String) - Static method in class data.PasswordManagementDataAccess
-
This method invokes the database procedure for updating a user's
password.
- ChartAndGraphServlet - Class in controller
-
This HttpServlet class handles the responsibility of drawing charts and
graphs.
- ChartAndGraphServlet() - Constructor for class controller.ChartAndGraphServlet
-
- CLASS_COUNTS_TREATMENT_STATS - Static variable in class utility.SessionObjectUtility
-
The attribute key for treatment class statistics
- Clinic - Class in registry
-
This class represents a clinic.
- Clinic() - Constructor for class registry.Clinic
-
Default constructor
- Clinic(int, String, String, String, String) - Constructor for class registry.Clinic
-
Parameterized constructor
- CLINIC_ID - Static variable in class registry.ReferenceContainer
-
The ID of the clinic using the diabetes registry
- closeCallableStatement(CallableStatement) - Static method in class utility.DatabaseUtility
-
This static method closes callable statements.
- closeResultSet(ResultSet) - Static method in class utility.DatabaseUtility
-
This static method closes result sets.
- COMPLIANCE_GRAPH_POINTS - Static variable in class utility.SessionObjectUtility
-
The attribute key for patient compliance graph data
- ConfigurationManager - Class in utility
-
This class handles configuration properties needed for application
functionality.
- ConfigurationManager() - Constructor for class utility.ConfigurationManager
-
- ConnectionPool - Class in utility
-
This class returns and frees connections to the database.
- contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent) - Method in class listener.DiabetesRegistryListener
-
Executes when the context is destroyed
- contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent) - Method in class listener.DiabetesRegistryListener
-
This method executes when the context is initialized to set the values
for the ReferenceContainer object used throughout the application, set
the value for the string of reference characters used in the application,
and to set the value for the data source JNDI name used in the
application.
- ContinuousResult - Class in registry
-
This class represents a continuous measurement for a patient.
- ContinuousResult() - Constructor for class registry.ContinuousResult
-
Default constructor
- ContinuousResult(Date, BigDecimal) - Constructor for class registry.ContinuousResult
-
Parameterized constructor
- controller - package controller
-
- CREATININE_GRAPH_POINTS - Static variable in class utility.SessionObjectUtility
-
The attribute key for creatinine graph data


From King William’s Town to taking the 'Idols SA' crown: Luyolo gives us the inside scoop on winning millions and more
Cape Town – Software developer Luyolo Yiba was crowned the winner of South African Idols season 15 during the live final on Sunday.
The 24-year-old who hails from King William’s Town auditioned in Cape Town, and week after week captured the imagination of Idols fans as the dark horse who progressed to be a true contender for the Idols title, ultimately emerging victorious.
We chatted to the newly minted millionaire about his win, his upcoming album and ask his advice for future contestants.
What does it feel like to be the winner of South African Idols?
It feels great, fantastic, awesome! It's a blessing. I really appreciate this moment and experience.
Have you thought about what you will be doing with your cash prize?
I still have to think about what I will be doing with my cash prize. I never thought I was going to win Idols so I didn’t have any plans like other people may do. I feel like I have to make wise decisions, it is a lot of money. I can’t be thinking of buying, buying, buying. I have to focus.
You have been away from home for some time now. What is the first thing you want to do when you get home?
First thing I want to do when I get home is to rest. I feel like it's going to be very a little bit intense and that's what I want; I want the hectic life, however, I need some rest just to clear my mind in terms of coming out of the show, even if it's one day and then get back to work. I have to work and push hard.
When can fans expect your next song or album? Any ideas when you will start working it?
At the moment I am still pushing my single, Sunshine Through The Rain. I will start working on the album soon and it will hopefully be released next year.
Idols SA has been renewed for season 16. For future contestants auditioning, what’s some advice you would give to them?
The one piece of advice I would give to future contestants is to focus on yourself.  Focus on bettering yourself and a lot will happen.
Compiled by Leandra Engelbrecht.


Last Updated: Nov 30,2020, 12:00:49 AM
The view of the Golden Gate bridge is beautiful, I was lucky there wasn't much fog in the way.
Ferry building wasn't too crowded today, I grabbed some hot cocoa and empanadas for lunch. I am stuffed!
I swung by haight-ashbury to pick up some second hand jackets and shoes. I managed to snag a cute yellow crop jacket!


Page 2 of 2
Posted:
Sun Jan 07, 2007 4:20 pm
by Karl G.
Make our own. If we remake Xenimus maps, we already know where everything is (and that's boring!).
I'm hoping that PV can be constantly updated with new maps to keep it fresh.
I'll lay out a general sketch for the world map in Photoshop and upload it in a few mins.
Posted:
Sun Jan 07, 2007 4:45 pm
by Karl G.
Posted:
Sun Jan 07, 2007 4:59 pm
by 9sam1
so we all just pick places to work on? k ill just do the top left part under the circle. what you want over there? i already have 1 dungeon (3 levels so far) and a troll camp.
Posted:
Sun Jan 07, 2007 5:23 pm
by 9sam1
double post
Posted:
Sun Jan 07, 2007 5:24 pm
by 9sam1
make an undo button. there is now a giant bum model in the middle of my map that i cant delete.
Posted:
Sun Jan 07, 2007 8:59 pm
by Vitriol
some ideas
Posted:
Sun Jan 07, 2007 9:10 pm
by 9sam1
yea i think we need to edit that map so its more detailed this way everyone knows what to do. like tell what to put there so the person making it knows what to do.
Posted:
Sun Jan 07, 2007 9:17 pm
by thadiusofx3
I think the idea is to first make the continent in the top right hand corner to be the alpha testing continent and then make the rest of it later after the game is more finished.
Posted:
Sun Jan 07, 2007 9:20 pm
by 9sam1
wish karl would elaborate more. idk what those giant poo lakes are.
Posted:
Sun Jan 07, 2007 10:13 pm
by Vitriol
lol "giant poo lakes"
Just make them lakes.
Posted:
Sun Jan 07, 2007 10:15 pm
by Serenity
One of those le looks like a sting ray...OMG its the one that took Steve irwins Life
Posted:
Sun Jan 07, 2007 10:22 pm
by thadiusofx3
lol i thought stingray when i saw that too
Posted:
Sun Jan 07, 2007 10:25 pm
by Serenity
thadiusofx3 wrote:lol i thought stingray when i saw that too
When I first saw it I thought OHH Skate (ministingrays = not fun to walk on) then thought meh stingray has more history
Posted:
Sun Jan 07, 2007 10:46 pm
by Vitriol
well we can name it stingray lake.
Posted:
Sun Jan 07, 2007 10:48 pm
by Serenity
swish
Posted:
Mon Jan 08, 2007 12:40 am
by Karl G.
Hahah yeah well the giant lakes of poo are supposed to be mountain areas. Kinda forgot to put that in a "key"
The top right-hand area is what we'll be focusing on. I want the whole map to be 10,000x10,000 units large, making the area in the upper right-hand corner around 3,000x2,500...which is larger than the Xenimus map. Just to give you an idea of scaling.
The squares are towns, and the brown thingies are paths.
The best thing I can say to do is to blow up the Alpha area and set out regions for the different dungeons (which go INSIDE the mountains, BTW!) and locate various things on the map, such as dungeon entrances, graveyards, outdoor hunting zones, etc.
Posted:
Mon Jan 08, 2007 12:59 am
by Vitriol
that system is really dumb I think. Putting the dungeons inside the mountains just makes the entire thing completely open for exploits and such.
Posted:
Tue Jan 09, 2007 5:01 pm
by Karl G.
it might be dumb, but it's easy. And exploits can be avoided with (a) good map design and (b) bug-free code
Posted:
Tue Jan 09, 2007 6:06 pm
by thadiusofx3
yeah dungeons inside mountains is really the easiest way to do it and like Karl said you can avoid exploits by doing the opposite of everything EJ does
Posted:
Tue Jan 09, 2007 7:09 pm
by 9sam1
thadiusofx3 wrote:yeah dungeons inside mountains is really the easiest way to do it and like Karl said you can avoid exploits by doing the opposite of everything EJ does
Zing! lol
I think also that there should be a feature like when you make a dungeon the floor tiles inside it cant go on the outside cause i find it often goes outside the walls. this would also allow for a fill tool (think mspaint) just a little thing to make it easier.


Using the power of Cisco DNA Spaces, create a table with the number of devices on each floor. You will need to create an API key in DNA Spaces Detect and Locate to use this app. For details use these DNA Spaces instructions.
Paste in your Detect & Locate API token key into the field below and click on GO. The API token will allow access to your DNA Spaces account and pull the relevant data.
Status
Top floor counts.
Click on a floor to load the floor image
Status


Utopia::Controller::Actions::Action
A nested action lookup hash table.
Definitions
WILDCARD_GREEDY = '**'.freeze
Matches 0 or more path components.
WILDCARD = '*'.freeze
Matches any 1 path component.
def apply(path, index = -1, &block)
Given a path, iterate over all actions that match. Actions match from most specific to most general.
Implementation
def apply(path, index = -1, &block)
# ** is greedy, it always matches if possible and matches all remaining input.
if match_all = self[WILDCARD_GREEDY] and match_all.callback?
# It's possible in this callback that path is modified.
matched = true; yield(match_all)
end
if name = path[index]
# puts "Matching #{name} in #{self.keys.inspect}"
if match_name = self[name]
# puts "Matched against exact name #{name}: #{match_name}"
matched = match_name.apply(path, index-1, &block) || matched
end
if match_one = self[WILDCARD]
# puts "Match against #{WILDCARD}: #{match_one}"
matched = match_one.apply(path, index-1, &block) || matched
end
elsif self.callback?
# Got to end, matched completely:
matched = true; yield(self)
end
return matched
end


A tool to harvest links from HTML markups.
Step 1
Upload or paste a file in the area below.
NOTE: Pasted text larger than 64 KB is not supported. Upload instead.
Step 2
Click the button below.
Step 3
View Harvests.


Traverse D Unknown is a Travel Agency from Kolkata, India offering complete range of India centric tours and travel services that includes Air Ticket Booking,
Hotel Reservations, Car and Bus rentals, cheap tour packages, discounted hotel packages, taj hotels packages, custom made travel packages, wildlife travel packages, culture tours india
and an array of tours and travel services. Our website stands as an online brochure explaining travel services that we readily offer.
Come, explore India, the land of rags and riches as we take you on a tour to some of the most adventurous places that you probably have never seen. The following is a list of some the most
offbeat places in West Bengal that Traverse D Unknown caters to.


AN IDEAL HUSBAND (director/writer: Oliver Parker; screenwriter: Oliver Parker/based on the play by Oscar Wilde; cinematographer: David Johnson; cast: Rupert Everett (Lord Arthur Goring), Julianne Moore (Mrs. Laura Cheveley), Jeremy Northam (Sir Robert Chiltern), Cate Blanchett (Lady Gertrude Chiltern), Minnie Driver (Mabel Chiltern), John Wood (Earl of Caversham), Lindsay Duncan (Lady Markby), Peter Vaughan (Phipps), Michael Culkin (Oscar Wilde), 1999-UK)
Reviewed by Dennis Schwartz
I felt like I was being one-lined to a loving death in this elegant Oscar Wilde comedy/drama costume play turned movie, and I must confess, I enjoyed every bit of the intelligence and the wit and the frivality of it, as this tremendous ensemble cast fired away with a continuous volley of epigrams. It is a modern play, even though it is one that was written in the last century for an audience that was more or less reflective of the characters portrayed on stage. For the elite audience that attended the play, Oscar Wilde, after mocking the English nobility would, at least, leave them with a thinly disguised compliment, by telling them no one can be ideal. The film was put to screen by the manipulative wizardry of Miramax (Shakespeare in Love, The Wings of the Dove), who know from the success of some of their recent films quite well how to popularize an already popular literary work by broadening its emotional appeal. They gave the audiences what they wanted, a film that has a romantic heart in it and is not just hilariously flippant, and they should be commended for improving an imperfect but successful play. It rarely happens when a commercial venture turns out to critically improve a work of so called "art," so when it does happen, it should be shouted from the highest mountain peaks.
Even before the film grandly opens at the party of the ideal husband Sir Robert Chiltern (Jeremy Northam) and his loving Victorian wife, the beautiful and the suffragette-minded Lady Gertrude Chiltern (Cate Blanchett), we will meet all the main players and be introduced to some of their mannerisms. Then we tune into the real hero of the movie, the one whom I found it easiest to relate to, the slothful and cynical true voice of Oscar Wilde for the film, the rakish Lord Goring (Rupert Everett), who tells his loyal servant Phipps (Peter Vaughan) "To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance."  He will then read aloud an item in the paper about the upcoming party, followed by the title on screen "1895--The London Season, where people are looking for husbands...or hiding from them." This now takes us seamlessly into the park, where the shrewd Mrs. Laura Cheveley (Julianne Moore) is in a carriage with the haughty Lady Markby (Lindsay Duncan) as they come upon Gertrude, and we immediately see that there is some friction between Laura and Gertrude, and that Lady Markby feels proud that she can arrange for her visiting friend from Vienna to be invited to the party she so badly wanted to attend.
Immediately, at the party, the idyllic love bubble of the Chilterns is burst by the treacherous Mrs. Cheveley (the former lover of Lord Goring), who meets with the righteously honest politician on the rise, Sir Robert, in order to blackmail him into supporting an Argentinean canal scheme she has invested a great deal of her money in. Sir Robert has already said in Parliament that he regards that scheme as a "swindle." She threatens to reveal a letter he wrote her 18 years ago that gave inside info on the Suez Canal to an Austrian baron before the government announced its intentions. Sir Robert, if he doesn't change his opinion, risks losing his wife if the letter is given to the press and risks losing his credibility with the public if he supports the canal. His best friend, Lord Goring, acts as the liaison, trying to prevent the Chilterns from breaking up. He is also having an innocently romantic relationship with Sir Robert's sister, Lady Mabel (Minnie Driver).
Everything is thoroughly enjoyable and agreeable about this wonderfully delightful work of subtle wit and brilliant dialogue. Rupert Everett stands out as a sheer delight in a cast that is almost perfect (Julianne Moore could have been a tad more sinister). Everett's role is one that he relishes in, as he says of himself, "I love talking about nothing, it's the only thing I know anything about." Minnie Driver is simply bubbling over with charm and wit to match his. Their flirtations are one of dueling wits, with amusing lunges and enough double-entendres to get through any intellectual armor worn. It is film laced with political blackmail, an incriminating letter, mix-up in identities, questions about friendship and loyalty, money as a means to an end, sex as a weapon for marriage, the machinations of politics scorned at, a potential tabloid scandal in the horizon and sanctimonious characters fighting to avoid being toppled. Even the minor players were perfectly cast, magnified by the performance of John Wood as Earl of Caversham, Lord Goring's stuffy father, who is always lecturing him and trying to get him married.
There are so many witty phrases to revel in, but my favorite one is when Lord Goring says, "Morality is only for those you don't like." Writer/director Oliver Parker (Othello) has created a lighthearted film for all audiences who love the spoken word as if it were a treasure and who find the intrigues of high society to be invigorating.
REVIEWED ON 9/15/99 GRADE: B+
Dennis Schwartz: "Ozus' World Movie Reviews"
http://www.sover.net/~ozus
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>© ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DENNIS SCHWARTZ
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


US: Housing Starts in October rose 3.8% vs. 0.6% expected
by Eren Sengezer- Housing Starts rebounded strongly in October after September's decline.
- US Dollar Index largely ignored the upbeat reading.
According to the data published by the United States Census Bureau, Housing Starts in October rose 3.8% on a monthly basis following September's -7.9% contraction and came in better than the market expectation of 0.6%.
Further details of the publication revealed that Building Permits in the same period increased 5% after declining 2.4% in September and surpassed analysts' estimate of 0%.
These readings had no impact on the greenback and the US Dollar Index was last down 0.05% on the day at 97.78.


1.Which of the following is a programming language?
2.What is the other name for Javascript
3.In which year was Javascript introduced into the world?


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NSS
Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (5)
Updated: 2013-02-13
Index
Return to Main Contents
NAME
nss - Name Service Switch configuration file
DESCRIPTION
Each call to a function which retrieves data from a system database
like the password or group database is handled by the Name Service
Switch implementation in the GNU C library.
The various services
provided are implemented by independent modules, each of which
naturally varies widely from the other.
The default implementations coming with the GNU C library are by
default conservative and do not use unsafe data.
This might be very costly in some situations, especially when the databases
are large.
Some modules allow the system administrator to request
taking shortcuts if these are known to be safe.
It is then the system administrator's responsibility to ensure the assumption
is correct.
There are other modules where the implementation changed over time.
If an implementation used to sacrifice speed for memory consumption,
it might create problems if the preference is switched.
The
/etc/default/nss
file contains a number of variable assignments.
Each variable controls the behavior of one or more
NSS modules.
White spaces are ignored.
Lines beginning with '#'
are treated as comments.
The variables currently recognized are:
- NETID_AUTHORITATIVE = TRUE|FALSE
-
If set to TRUE, the NIS backend for the
initgroups(3)
function will accept the information
from the
netid.byname
NIS map as authoritative.
This can speed up the function significantly if the
group.byname
map is large.
The content of the
netid.byname
map is used as is.
The system administrator has to make sure it is correctly generated.
- SERVICES_AUTHORITATIVE = TRUE|FALSE
-
If set to TRUE, the NIS backend for the
getservbyname(3)
and
getservbyname_r(3)
functions will assume that the
services.byservicename
NIS map exists and is authoritative, particularly
that it contains both keys with /proto and without /proto for both
primary service names and service aliases.
The system administrator has to make sure it is correctly generated.
- SETENT_BATCH_READ = TRUE|FALSE
-
If set to TRUE, the NIS backend for the
setpwent(3)
and
setgrent(3)
functions will read the entire database at once and then
hand out the requests one by one from memory with every corresponding
getpwent(3)
or
getgrent(3)
call respectively.
Otherwise, each
getpwent(3)
or
getgrent(3)
call might result in a network communication with the server to get
the next entry.
FILES
/etc/default/nss
EXAMPLE
The default configuration corresponds to the following configuration file:
NETID_AUTHORITATIVE=FALSE
SERVICES_AUTHORITATIVE=FALSE
SETENT_BATCH_READ=FALSE
SEE ALSO
nsswitch.conf
Index
- NAME
-
- DESCRIPTION
-
- FILES
-
- EXAMPLE
-
- SEE ALSO
-
This document was created by
man2html,
using the manual pages.
Time: 02:55:20 GMT, September 18, 2014


The Best Travel Gifts For Men 2019
by Dan Q. DaoTravel gear is always a practical gifting option for men. Whether you’re shopping for a jet-setter you love or that friend who just got their first passport, you can’t go wrong with sleek and light luggage, versatile apparel or even travel-friendly skincare products. And what better way to show your favorite traveler you care by making sure they’re prepared for their next great adventure? From suitcases and travel accessories to waterproof shoes and camping equipment, here are the best travel gifts for men.
The Bigger Carry-On: Aluminum Edition by Away
If you’re shopping for a frequent flier, they’ve probably got a good small suitcase already. But this one-size-up, hard-shell aluminum favorite by Away is ideal for anyone who might need just a little more space in their carry-on. It’s got all the usual works: 360-degree spinning wheels, an ejectable phone-charging battery, leather detailing and an interior compression system.
Timbuk2 Never Check Backpack
For eager travelers who don’t like to waste time waiting for the luggage at the bag carousel, this expandable backpack is the perfect carry-on. The water-resistant shell and secure zippers make it the perfect laptop bag for your everyday commute. But its expandable features, plethora of external pockets, organizational compartments and extra padding on the back and straps make it the frequent flier’s best friend. If you’re buying this for your partner and may want matching bags for your next adventure, check out the brand new Women’s Never Check Backpack.
DJI Mavic Mini
For videography enthusiasts, consider this recently-released super-compact drone from DJI. The compact DJI Mavic Mini can be folded neatly into the palm of your hand and weighs just a little more than a smartphone. It flies for 30 minutes and comes with 360-degree propeller guards to ensure flight safety. With 12.0MP aerial photos and 2.7K Quad HD video, your loved one will be able to capture and remember all his adventures with a new, crystal-clear perspective.
Sony Alpha A6000
For the light packer, mirrorless cameras are a much more space-efficient option (about half the size and weight) than bulky DSLRs. They also deliver a comparable quality of image and video. Sony’s Alpha line has become the industry standard for compact mirrorless cameras—the A6000 boasts the world’s fastest auto-focus functionality along with instant sharing via smartphone with Wi-Fi. It’s also got a great low-light range, a tilting LCD display and several built-in photo-storing apps.
A.P.C. Wind Parka
A versatile, element-proof coat is a must for travelers who frequent cool or rainy climates. This lightweight hooded option from A.P.C. also happens to be perfect as a casual chic layer for both dressed up and casual outfits. Piped front pockets leave room for cold hands, while a high collar shields the neck.
Orlebar Brown Bulldog Swim Trunks
Fancy swimwear is underrated. For traveling men with a keen attention to detail (and good fashion sense), these Orlebar Brown swim shorts put the perfect touch of elegance on an otherwise casual summer outfit. Whether at a rooftop pool or the beach club, these shorts offer fantastic summer style.
Vessi Men’s Everyday
It’s billed as the “only everyday shoe you can actually wear every day,” but the real kicker here is that it can be worn everywhere. Vessi’s known for their pioneering work in lightweight, breathable, yet 100% waterproof footwear. Whether your gift recipient is trekking through cities or jungles, these shoes will keep him on his feet rain or shine.
Gravity Weighted Sleep Mask
Not all sleep masks are created equal—a little pressure goes a long way. This weighted fleece mask from the creator of the similar Gravity Blanket has just the right amount of weight to block out light and relax key pressure points, allowing you to fall asleep faster. The weight is evenly distributed across your face, not on your eyes, ensuring a natural comfort.
Sonos Move for Outdoor and Indoor Listening
Bring the party jams on vacation with this new drop-resistant, weatherproof Sonos speaker. Built for seamless indoor-outdoor listening, the Sonos Move offers a powerful bass and a smart-tuning feature that calibrates its sound with natural surroundings and musical genres. The speakers can double as a home system—stream over Wi-Fi while at home and switch to bluetooth when traveling.
Anker PowerCore+ 20100 USB-C
Anker makes some of the best and fastest portable batteries on the market, thanks to its proprietary PowerIQ and current-stabilizing VoltageBoost technology. This model can charge a typical phone 7 times off of one charge (it re-charges itself in 8 hours). For Macbook Pro users: It’s also got USB-C input and output, so you can charge your laptop on the go as well.
The Ridge Aluminum Wallet
Many travelers swap their main wallet for a slimmer travel wallet or card sleeve when on the road, leaving behind nonessential cards and cash that they don’t need for a vacation. The Ridge is a sleek, compact option that holds 12 credit cards, with an outer clip for cash. One of its unique features, however, is that it prevents identity theft by blocking RFID chip readers.
Briggs & Riley Baseline Expandable Toiletry Kit
Is your loved one carrying around a tattered, toothpaste-crusted bag they got for free on a plane?  This Briggs & Riley bag has an expandable compartment, water-resistant lining, and handle for ease of carrying.
The Ordinary Daily Set
An all-in-one skincare set for less than $20? Yes, you read that right. Your traveling man will feel pampered and look refreshed with The Ordinary’s signature trio that includes: the gentle Squalane Cleanser, a refreshing Hyaluronic Acid 2% + B5, and fast-acting Natural Moisturizing Factors + HA. All products are sulfate- and cruelty-free.
YETI Roadie 20 Cooler And Matching Rambler
Camping and outdoor activities will feel much more festive with these Roadie coolers, which are available in fun shades like river blue, sea foam and desert tan. More important, the stylish coolers are made of industrial-grade “Fatwall Design” to ensure extra insulation. The matching Ramblers come in the same colors. The tough, double-wall vacuum-insulated bottle that keeps water cold (and coffee hot). The 18 oz. bottle is the perfect size for hiking, camping or even just daily commutes. Personalize the bottle with text and monogram for free.
REI Co-Op Half Dome 2 Plus Tent
For your camping, backpacking or festival-going friend, consider a nice tent. The best of these serve as a home away from home, roomy enough to stretch out and store essential belongings. REI’s half-dome tent offers a super easy setup with color-coded poles, and it’s got tons of ventilation that make it perfect for year-round sleeping.
Biolite FirePit
It’s got all the cozy warmth and crackling sounds of a real campfire—but without the smoke. Holding four standard firewood logs, this portable wood-and-charcoal fire pit is a must-have for an outdoor adventurer you love. There are four different fan speeds to control the strength of the flames, and it can burn for 24 hours on a low setting.
OSUZA
This new Australian brand has created an expandable, highly compartmentalized, and weatherproof backpack. Whether you’re an artist, hiker, DIY builder or commuting traveler, the OSUZA allows you to fit all your supplies neatly into one bag. Your loved one will appreciate the thoughtful straps, zipped pockets, and laptop sleeve.


Details
Name
Roll Number
Branch
Student Type
CGPA
Summary
Category
Credits
Selected Courses
Code
Name
Credits
Grade
Download PDF


module EpicGeo::GeoTweet
Make a Tweet Geo-aware!
Attributes
cluster[RW]
Used for DBScan Clustering
visited[RW]
Used for DBScan Clustering
Public Instance Methods
as_epic_kml(style=nil)
click to toggle source
To write the tweet to a kml file from epic-geo, it must be formatted as follows
# File lib/epic_geo/twitter_geo.rb, line 183 def as_epic_kml(style=nil) {:time => date, :style => style, :geometry => GeoRuby::SimpleFeatures::Point.from_x_y( coordinates["coordinates"][0], coordinates["coordinates"][1] ), :name => nil, #Setting name to nil because otherwise it's hard to see :desc => %Q{#{handle}
 #{text}
 #{date}} } end
as_geojson()
click to toggle source
Return this tweet as valid GeoJSON
# File lib/epic_geo/twitter_geo.rb, line 198 def as_geojson { type: "Feature", properties: { time: date, text: text, handle: handle }, geometry: coordinates } end
point()
click to toggle source
Get the coordinates of the tweet as an rgeo point object
# File lib/epic_geo/twitter_geo.rb, line 175 def point @point ||= FACTORY.point( coordinates["coordinates"][0], coordinates["coordinates"][1]) end


2
1 One night during the second year that Nebuchadnezzar ruled, he had a dream. The dream worried him so much that he could not sleep.
2 The next morning he summoned his men who worked magic, those who claimed to speak with the dead, those who gave advice from watching the stars, and the wise men. To test their skill, he demanded that they tell him what he had dreamed. They came and stood before the king.
3 The king said, "I had a dream last night that worries me and I want to know what the dream means."
4 The men who studied the stars replied to the king, (what follows is written in the Aramaic language). They said, "King Nebuchadnezzar, may you live forever! Tell us your dream and we will tell you what it means!"
5 But the king replied to them, "I have decided that you must tell me the dream and also tell me what it means. If you do not do this, I will cut you into pieces and turn your houses into piles of dung!
6 But if you tell me what I dreamed and what it means, I will reward you. I will give you gifts and a reward and great honor. So tell me what I dreamed and what it means."
7 Again they replied, "Tell us what you dreamed, and we will tell you what it means."
 I think that you have all agreed to tell me lies and other wicked things before your time is up. So then, you have only one choice. Tell me the dream, and I will know you can tell me what it means."
10 The wise men replied to the king, "There is no one on the earth who can do what you ask! There is no king, even a great and mighty king, who has ever asked his astrologers or those who claim to speak with the dead, or wise men like ourselves to do something like that!
11 What you are asking us to do is impossible. Only the gods can tell you what you dreamed, and they do not live among us!"
12 The king was very angry when he heard that, so he commanded his soldiers that they execute all men who were known for their wisdom in all of Babylon.
13 According to the king's command, they set out to find Daniel and his friends, to execute them.
14 Arioch, the commander of the king's guards, came with soldiers to kill everyone in Babylon who was considered to be wise. So Daniel spoke to him very wisely and tactfully.
15 Daniel asked the captain Arioch, "Why has the king made a decree that must be carried out so quickly?" So Arioch told Daniel all that had happened.
16 Daniel went to talk with the king and requested an appointment with the king so that he could tell the king what the dream was and what it meant.
17 Daniel went to his house and he told his friends Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah what had happened.
18 He urged them to ask God, who lives in heaven, to help them by telling them the secret of the dream of the king so that they and the other men in Babylon known for wisdom would not be put to death.
19 That night God gave Daniel a vision, and in that vision the secret was made known to him. Then Daniel praised God
20 saying,
"We praise the name of the true God forever
because he owns all wisdom and power.
21 He makes the time move forward, and he owns the seasons.
He removes every king when he chooses
and gives new kings their kingdom.
He gives wisdom to some,
and people become wise.
He teaches knowledge
to those who understand.
22 He reveals to us things that are deep and hidden.
He can do this because he knows everything that the darkness hides from us,
and because the light comes from where he lives.
23 God, whom my ancestors worshiped,
I thank you and I praise you
because you have caused me to be wise and made me strong.
You have told me what my friends and I asked you to tell us,
and you have revealed to us what the king demanded to know."
24 Then Daniel went to Arioch, the man whom the king had appointed to execute everyone known to be wise in Babylon. He said to him, "Do not kill those men of wisdom. Take me to the king and I will tell him what his dream means."
25 So Arioch quickly took Daniel to the king. He said to the king, "I have found one of the men whom we brought from Judah who can tell you what your dream means!"
26 The king said to Daniel (whose name was now Belteshazzar), "Can you tell me what I dreamed and what it means?"
27 Daniel replied, "There is no one to help, even those who claim to be wise and those who claim to consult with the dead. No one can help, none of the magicians or astrologers. None of these can discover the secrets of your dream.
28 But there is a God in heaven who reveals secrets, and he has shown in your dream what will happen in the future. Now I will tell you what you dreamed and the vision you saw as you were lying on your bed.
29 O king, while you were sleeping, you dreamed about events that will happen in the future. The one who reveals mysteries has shown you what is going to happen.
30 It is not because I am wiser than anyone else on earth that I know the meaning of this mysterious dream.  It was shining very brightly, and it was frightening and awesome.
32 The head of the statue was made of pure gold. Its chest and arms were made of silver. Its belly and thighs were made of bronze.
33 Its legs were made of iron and its feet were a mixture of clay and iron.
34 As you watched, someone cut a stone from a mountain, but it was not a human who cut it. The stone tumbled down and smashed the statue's feet that were made of iron and clay. It smashed them to bits.
35 Then the rest of the statue collapsed into a big heap of iron, clay, bronze, silver, and gold. The pieces of the statue were as small as bits of chaff on the ground where it is threshed, and the wind blew away all the tiny pieces. There was nothing left. But the stone that smashed the statue became a large mountain that covered the whole earth.
36 That was what you dreamed.  The God who rules in heaven has caused you to rule over them and has given you great power and has honored you.
38 He has caused you to be the ruler over all people so that even the animals and birds belong to you. You are the head of the statue, that head made of gold.
39 After your kingdom ends, there will be another great kingdom, but it will not be as great as yours. The silver parts of the statue represent that kingdom. Then there will be a third great kingdom whose king will rule over the whole earth. The bronze parts of the statue represent that third kingdom.
40 After that kingdom ends, there will be a fourth great kingdom. The iron parts of the statue represent that kingdom. The army of that kingdom will smash the previous kingdoms, just like iron smashes everything that it strikes.
41 The feet and toes of the statue that you saw were a mixture of iron and clay, showing that the kingdom they represent will later be divided.
42 Some parts of that kingdom will be as strong as iron, but some parts will not remain together, just as iron and clay do not stay together when mixed.
43 The mixture of iron and clay in the statue also means that this kingdom will come apart, because the different people groups will not work together, just as clay does not stick to iron.
44 But while those kings are ruling, God who rules in heaven will establish a kingdom that will never end. No one will ever defeat its king. He will completely destroy all those kingdoms, but his kingdom will remain forever.
45 That is the meaning of the stone that someone cut from the mountain, the stone that will crush to tiny bits the statue that is made of iron, bronze, silver, and gold. God, the great God, has told you what will happen in the future. The dream he gave you will come true. Its meaning is true, as I have told it to you."
46 Then King Nebuchadnezzar lay down on the ground in front of Daniel as an act of great respect. He commanded his people to burn incense and to burn an offering of grain in honor of Daniel.
47 The king said to Daniel, "Your God has enabled you to tell me the meaning of this dream, so now I truly know that your God is greater than all the other gods, and King over all other kings. He reveals secrets; he makes known mysteries no one else could know."
48 Then the king gave many gifts to Daniel, and he also appointed him to rule over the entire province of Babylon. He made him to be the chief governor over all the wisest men in Babylon.
49 Daniel asked the king to appoint Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego to serve in important positions as administrators in the province of Babylon. But Daniel remained in the king's palace and served the king there.


Neuroplasticity is the brains ability to grow and reorganise neural networks, this simply means a persons' brain can change shape and organise itself to improve brain power the more it is used on a particular topic. Also just imagining a problem or situation will cause your brain to adapt at almost the same rate as actually solving a problem.
Understanding your brain can get better the more you practice or even just imagine yourself practicing is a huge confidence boost to a person’s willingness to learn new things.
Now that I am aware of neuroplasticity, I feel more confident that with time I will continue to get better at tasks I have in the past struggled with and avoided.  A common way to brain train is to repeat a process or task repeatedly for example I often challenge myself with a SUDOKU puzzle to improve the time it takes for me to solve them. You can also brain train by just imagining how you would solve a SUDOKU puzzle repeatedly in your mind, so your brain grows that neural network.

A growth mindset is a person’s belief in their brains ability to improve in all subjects. As a former accountant I can tell you that is very common for adults to have a fixed mindset especially when it comes to mathematics, all most everyday I would get the disclaimer from a client that they were not good at math’s and thats just the way they were born. Not knowing about growth mindset at the time I would often just make these "bad at math" clients feel better by verbalising what the numbers in the reports represented.
I always believed I could learn anything but I honestly had a fixed mindset when it came writing and a few other areas of communication but after this exploration that has changed and I now believe I can get better at some of the areas I previously just accepted I would never be good at.
Simply understanding neuroplasticity and a growth mindset has made me feel more confident about my learning journey at Dev as I was told that changing careers was very hard because old habits and routines could hinder your ability to fit into a new industry. I now know this is not true and nothing can stop my brain from developing.
I found this YouTube video by John Spencer on the topic of "Growth Mindset" helpful.


Logger configuration:
Put a properties file with name "redmine.log.properties" anywhere in the classpath that contains one single entry (key/value pair) for the key "log.level". The log level is global, there is no concept of configuring log levels for separate loggers.


Collection
Informs training organisations about financial support to help learners take part in further education and how to apply for it.
Discretionary Learner Support can be used to support learners with a specific financial hardship that prevents them from taking part in further education. Examples of this support may include financing childcare, transport costs, trips and other equipment.
For more information, learners should contact the student support officer at the college or school sixth form at which they study, or intend to study. Colleges and training organisations should refer to the discretionary learner support section in the funding rules .
Learners who have a 24+ advanced learning loan can be supported through the loan bursary fund with childcare, transport costs and necessary adjustments under the Equality Act 2010.
24+ loans learners should contact the student support officer at the college or school sixth form at which they study, or intend to study, to find out more. Colleges and training organisations should refer to the 24+ advanced learning loans bursary fund section in the funding rules .
A professional and career development loan (PCDL) is a commercial bank loan to help pay for learning that will improve the employability of the learner or lead them into employment. As a commercial bank loan, all lending decisions are taken by the banks involved. The Agency will pay the interest on the loan while the learner is learning.
A learning provider has to be confirmed on the PCDL learning provider list before the learner can apply for a PCDL.
To register as a PCDL learning provider for the first time, you will need to read the PCDL learning provider list guidance and complete the appropriate forms.
For more information learners should visit https://www.gov.uk/career-development-loans or call 0800 100 900 to assess suitability and order an application pack.
Learning providers should contact<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or telephone 0300 303 8610.
The big picture is a desk aid which information advice and guidance professionals, such as university or college careers advisors, Jobcentre Plus advisors, National Careers Service advisors and union learning representatives, can use to provide impartial information, advice and guidance to potential learners about a PCDL.
However, PCDLs should not be used by learning providers to encourage learners to enrol on their courses. Learning providers must act responsibly in helping individuals choose learning and support which is relevant to their needs and abilities.
Published: 25 February 2014
From: Skills Funding Agency
Part of: Further education and training