Chapter 10 Correlation Coefficient
We’ve discussed several ways to reduce data–to summarize the key features of many observations using a single (or a few) numbers.
- A histogram visually shows the density in chosen bins.
- The average tells us the location of a set of observations. Remember the seesaw analogy.
- The SD tells us the spread or disperson of a set of observations. We can describe a list of numbers as being “about [the average] give or take [the SD].”
You’ll remember that my view of the scientific method is concepts, models, measurements, and comparisons.
We haven’t talked explicity about “comparisons” yet, but we’ve been doing it all along. We compared the histograms of ideology across Congresses. We compared the average ideology across Congresses for both parties. We compared the SDs of ideology across Congresses for both parties.
But some numerical summaries directly compare multiple variables.
The correlation coefficient allows us to describe the relationship between two variables.
Before, we compared variables by comparing their histograms, averages, or SDs. The correlation coefficient is our first summary that compares two variables directly (rather than summarizing just one).
10.1 Intuition
The correlation coefficient measures how well two variables “go together.”
- “Go together” means “as one goes up, the other goes up [or down].”
- “Go together” has linearity built into the meaning. The correlation coefficient does not describe curved relationships.
The figure below shows some scatterplots and how well I might say these variables go together.
However, I am firmly opposed to any rules that link particular correlation coefficients to strength of relationship.
Imagine the following studies:
- A study comparing two measures of the same concept.
- A study comparing the effect of a dose of vitamin D in the first hour after birth on lifespan.
A “weak” or “small” correlation in the first study would be impossibly large in the second. The interpretation of the strength of a relationship must be made by a substantive expert in a particular substantive context.
I interpret a correlation coefficient my imagining the scatterplot it might imply. I use two guidelines to help me imagine that scatterplot:
- 0.9 seems a lot stronger than 0.7, but 0.4 seems barely stronger than 0.2.
- Around 0.4 [-0.4], the a correlation becomes “easily noticeable” without studying the plot carefully. For smaller datasets, this threshold increases toward 0.6 [-0.6] or higher; for larger datasets, the threshold shrinks toward 0.2 [-0.2] or lower.
Below are scatterplots of 50 observations to help you get a sense of the relationship between the correlation coefficient and the scatterplot. Notice that the relationship becomes “noticeable” for about 0.5 (or perhaps 0.4) in this small dataset.
Below is a similar collection of scatterplots, but for 1,000 observations. You’ll notice that the relationship becomes “noticable” for 0.3 or about 0.2 for this large dataset.
Solution
| dataset | r |
|---|---|
| Dataset 1 | -0.60 |
| Dataset 2 | 0.45 |
| Dataset 3 | 0.90 |
| Dataset 4 | 0.45 |
| Dataset 5 | 0.55 |
| Dataset 6 | 0.55 |
| Dataset 7 | 0.10 |
| Dataset 8 | 0.85 |
| Dataset 9 | 0.85 |
| Dataset 10 | 0.35 |
| Dataset 11 | 0.60 |
| Dataset 12 | 0.80 |
10.2 Computing
Suppose we have the dataset below.
| x | y |
|---|---|
| 1 | 10 |
| 3 | 15 |
| 2 | 12 |
| 4 | 13 |
| 5 | 18 |
10.2.1 By Hand
We can compute the correlation coefficient \(r\) as follows:
\(r = \text{average of} \left[ (x \text{ in standard units}) \times (y \text{ in standard units}) \right]\)
This definition implies the following process.
- Find the average of x.
- Find the SD of x.
- Convert x to standard units (i.e., z-scores, subtract the average then divide by the SD).
- Repeat 1-3 for y.
- Multiply each standardized x times it’s corresponding standardized y. Notice that the first x belongs to the first y, the second x belongs to the second y, and so on. So it’s important to keep the pairs together.
- Average these products.
We can implement this formula by creating the little table below and then averaging the final column of products.
| x | y | x in SUs | y in SUs | product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | -1.41 | -1.32 | 1.87 |
| 3 | 15 | 0.00 | 0.51 | 0.00 |
| 2 | 12 | -0.71 | -0.59 | 0.41 |
| 4 | 13 | 0.71 | -0.22 | -0.16 |
| 5 | 18 | 1.41 | 1.61 | 2.28 |
The average of the final column is 0.88.
10.2.2 With R
In R, we can compute the corrlation between x
and y
using cor(x, y)
.
Note that dropping missing values is more complicated for pairs of data. If you want to drop missing values from the calculations, then cor(x, y, use = pairwise.complete.obs")
is a good choice.
We can use the code below to find the correlation in the example above.
[1] 0.8814089
| x | y | z |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | 8 | 7 |
| 4 | 0 | 3 |
| 5 | 5 | 5 |
| 6 | 3 | 6 |
| 4 | 6 | 6 |
| 3 | 5 | 3 |
10.3 Interpreting
In general, a correlation coefficient is NOT particularly useful. I introduce it for two reasons:
- Other people use it.
- We use it to obtain more useful quantities.
However, the correlation coefficient \(r\) has a concrete interpretation: If \(x\) is one SD larger, then \(y\) is \(r\) SDs larger on average.
We might also say that “a one SD increase in \(x\) leads to an \(r\) SD increase in \(y\) on average,” but we must take care that “leads to” describes a pattern in the data and does not describe a causal relationship.
10.4 Example: Clark and Golder (2006)
For a substantive example, consider Clark and Golder’s data.
# load parties dataset
parties_df <- read_rds("parties.rds")
# compute correlation between enep and eneg for each electoral system
grouped_df <- group_by(parties_df, electoral_system)
summarized_df <- summarize(grouped_df,
cor = cor(enep, eneg))
print(summarized_df)
# A tibble: 3 x 2
electoral_system cor
<fct> <dbl>
1 Single-Member District 0.0369
2 Small-Magnitude PR 0.448
3 Large-Magnitude PR -0.0192
| electoral_system | cor |
|---|---|
| Single-Member District | 0.04 |
| Small-Magnitude PR | 0.45 |
| Large-Magnitude PR | -0.02 |
As Clark and Golder expect, we get a correlation coefficient near zero in SMD systems. But contrary to their expectation, we also get a correlation coefficient near zero in large-magnitude PR systems.
Exercise 10.3 Interpret the correlation for small-magnitude PR systems above by filling in the following blanks:
- A one SD increase in ENEG leads to a _____ SD increase in ENEP, on average.
- A _____ unit increase in ENEG leads to a _____ unit increase in ENEP, on average.
Hint
How many units is one SD for ENEG? What about for ENEP? Going from SDs to the original units is like going from feet to yards: you just need to know how many feet are in a yard (or how many SDs are in each original unit).Solution
# load data
gamson_df <- read_rds("gamson.rds")
# compute correlation coefficient
cor(x = gamson_df$seat_share, gamson_df$portfolio_share)
[1] 0.9423176
Exercise 10.5 Use devtools::install_github("pos5737/pos5737data")
to get the latest version of the pos5737 data package. Load the data set anscombe
into R with data(anscombe, package = "pos5737data")
. Use glimpse(anscombe)
to get a quick look at the data. Realize that this one data frame actually contains four different datasets stacked on top of each other and numbered I, II, III, and IV. The variable dataset
contains the dataset ID.
- Use a
group_by()
andsummarize()
workflow to compute a correlation coefficient for each of the four datasets. How do they compare? What do they suggest about the strength of the relationship between \(x\) and \(y\)? - Create a scatterplot of \(x\) and \(y\) with separate panels for each “dataset” (i.e., facet by the variable
dataset
). How do they compare? How would you describe the strength of the relationship between \(x\) and \(y\) in each panel? Would you say that the correlation coefficient offered a good summary of each dataset?
Solution
# get latest version of data package
devtools::install_github("pos5737/pos5737data")
# load anscombe data
data(anscombe, package = "pos5737data")
# quick look
glimpse(anscombe)
Rows: 44
Columns: 3
$ dataset <chr> "I", "I", "I", "I", "I", "I", "I", "I", "I", "I", "I", "II", …
$ x <dbl> 10, 8, 13, 9, 11, 14, 6, 4, 12, 7, 5, 10, 8, 13, 9, 11, 14, 6…
$ y <dbl> 8.04, 6.95, 7.58, 8.81, 8.33, 9.96, 7.24, 4.26, 10.84, 4.82, …
# compute correlations for each version of the variable "dataset"
grouped_df <- group_by(anscombe, dataset)
summarized_df <- summarize(grouped_df,
cor = cor(x, y))
print(summarized_df)
# A tibble: 4 x 2
dataset cor
<chr> <dbl>
1 I 0.816
2 II 0.816
3 III 0.816
4 IV 0.817


--- layout: post title: SQL query dependencies in Rails apps post_id: 215 categories: - odds & ends date: 2005-05-25 12:57:00.000000000 -06:00 author: Jamis permalink: 2005/5/25/sql-query-dependencies-in-rails-apps.html ---
Eric Hodel and Ryan Davis have done some cool stuff before, but now they’re just plain showing off.
All I can say is, I want it. Very, very cool, guys.


The group of islands making up the Maddalena archipelago lie off the north east tip of Sardinia, opposite Palau. The southern end of Corsica is just 7 nm to the north.
Only two of the island are inhabited and they are a popular destination for day tourists.
The whole archipelago is a protected National Park.
Position 41°12.5′N, 09°24.5′E (Maddalena Harbour)There are restrictions on landing, anchoring, fishing, diving etc. Some yachts have been heavily fined for breaking the rules.
Pink Beach on Isola Budelli is entirely off limits.
A permit is required to visit the area and Park Rangers do visit to check them. A permit can be obtained online at National Parks Authority website.
The local Tourist Office has maps/charts of the restricted area.
Last updated February 2014.Winds and sea states vary emormously around these islands. The heights of the land causing wind funnels, as well as wind shadows.
The area abounds in anchorages, so shelter can be found in most conditions. Within the National Park area there is now a charge for anchoring.
There are mooring at Lavezzi, Cala di U Crecu but is gets very busy there with tourist boats.
Last updated February 2014.


Reports classes which contain references to one of their subclasses.
Such references may be confusing and violate several rules of object-oriented design.
Example:
class Entity {
// Warning: the class references its subclass
void compare(SimpleEntity entity) {
...
}
}
class SimpleEntity extends Entity {
...
}


Definitions:
Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks.
The web is the system we use to access the Internet.
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language which is the main document type of the web, invented in 1990s.
Web browser is a program (Internet Explorer , FireFox, Google Chrome, etc) that is located on the computer that is used to display files on the web.
Server is a computer designed to process requests and deliver data to other computers over a local network or the Internet.
HTTP stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol which is the set of rules for transferring files (text, images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web.
How the Web Works?
When a user opens a web browser and writes www.udacity.com, the computer sends an HTTP request to a server. The server finds the HTML document and sends it back to the user's computer , the web browser interprets the page and displays it on the user's screen. Click this video to watch the detailed explanation.
HTML
HTML has “Text content” (what you see), “markup” (what it looks), “references to other documents” (images, videos, etc), “links to other pages”.
HTML consists of a series of codes typed into a text-file by the programmer;


Preparation time
over 2 hours
Cooking time
30 mins to 1 hour
Serves
Serves 8
To make the praline, line a baking sheet with non-stick baking parchment. Place a frying pan over a medium heat and sprinkle in the sugar. Allow the sugar to melt without stirring; then turn up the heat. As the sugar begins to caramelise, mix in the oats and stir. Carefully tip the contents onto the lined baking sheet and leave to cool completely. Once cool, break into pieces with a rolling pin, and grind in a pestle and mortar to a coarse powder. (This can be done ahead. If you don't use it all, it can be stored in an airtight container for future use.)
To make the jelly, set a medium-sized heavy pan over a gentle heat and add the raspberries, sugar, lemon juice and six tablespoons of water. Bring to the boil and simmer for three minutes or until the raspberries have softened. Meanwhile, soften the gelatine in cold water.
Remove the pan from the heat and rub the mixture through a fine sieve into a clean pan, to remove the seeds. You should get about 200ml/7fl oz of purée. Gently reheat the purée, then remove from the heat. Drain and squeeze the gelatine. Add the gelatine to the hot raspberry purée and stir until the gelatine has melted. Leave to set to a very soft jelly in the fridge.
For the cranachan mousse, put the egg yolks and sugar in a large heatproof bowl and whisk to combine. Mix in the honey and three tablespoons of the whisky. Set the bowl over a pan of simmering water and beat with an electric mixer for 5-6 minutes or until the mixture starts to thicken - when you lift the beaters out of the mix in a circular motion, you should be left with a distinct trail on the surface. (If you have a thermometer, the mix should be at 80C/176F.) When ready, take the bowl off the pan and allow to cool.
In another bowl mix the crème fraîche and mascarpone together. Soak the gelatine as before. Gently warm the remaining whisky in a small pan (don't allow it to get too hot). Lift the gelatine from the water, squeeze and add to the whisky. The gelatine should melt almost at once. Fold the whisky into the mascarpone mix; then add the cooled egg mix and the lemon juice. Carefully fold the whole lot together with a metal spoon. Keep the mousse in the fridge.
To serve, add a handful of raspberries to the softly set jelly. Put a couple of spoonfuls of jelly in the bottom of eight dessert glasses. Put a couple of spoonfuls of mousse on top; then sprinkle with some oatmeal praline. Add more jelly, then more mousse and top with another sprinkling of praline. Finish with a few raspberries.


Tech Breakfast
|
|
|
|
SSW Tech Breakfast
From Access to the Enterprise - presented by Adam Cogan 27th May 2005 - 8.00am - 11:00am
|
Microsoft Access developers generally consider a move to SQL Server, SQL Server Reporting
Services and .NET Windows Forms for performance, scalability, security and stability reasons.
Attend this interactive session with Adam Cogan as he demonstrates how to:
- Upgrade your Access 97 database to Access 2003
- Upsize your Access 2003 database to SQL Server 2000
- Recreate your Access reports using the new Reporting Services
- Recreate your Access forms using .NET Windows Forms
This session is a must for all Access developers!
Prerequisites: You should have a working knowledge of Access, including using forms,
basic VBA code, and designing simple reports. Register online now or call (02) 9953 3000
|
27th of May 2005
8:00am - 11:00am at SSW
Register online now
|
|
SSW Tech Breakfast
A big peek at ASP .NET 2 Whidbey Applications PART A- presented by Adam Cogan
24th June 2005 - 8.00am - 11.00am
|
|
|
ASP.NET Whidbey is the current name for the next version of ASP.NET. Adam Cogan will give a
talk on: ASP.NET Whidbey overview, working with data, caching improvements to significantly
boost the performance of the next generation of ASP.NET applications, master pages for
consistent web sites, new membership features, and personalization. Prerequisites: To get
the most out of this session, attendees should be familiar with ASP.NET.
|
Thursday 24th June 2005
8:00am - 11:00am at SSW
Special offer - Book 2 Whidbey sessions and get the second one half
price
Register online
now
More Info on SSW Tech Breakfasts
|
|
Resources
|
Lumigent Log Explorer
www.lumigent.com
|
|
Access Unlimited
by Garry Robinson
http://www.vb123.com
|
|
|
Database FAQ's and Links
http://www.SSW.com.au/ssw/Database/ DatabaseDocsLinks.aspx
|
|
Tips
|
|
|
I am looking for something that will allow me to keep and use some 250 access reports in a .NET
windows application without having to convert them. What should I use?
- answered by David Klein.
|
|
|
How can I install my new SSW Software (Powered by .Net) in my networked office? Can I just
install it on one machine, and all the other machines run the application from there?
- answered by Marten Ataalla
|
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|
The Cutting Edge
|
|
| G'Day Developers!
|
|
Are your settings and the customizable settings, in different files?
There are three types of settings files that we may need to use in .NET
1. App.Config/Web.Config is the default .NET settings file, including any settings for the
Microsoft Application Blocks (eg. the Exception Management Block and the Configuration
Management Block). These are for settings that dont change from within the application.
In addition, System.Configuration classes dont allow writing to this file.
2. ToolsOptions.Config (an SSW standard) is the file to hold the users own settings, that are
users can change in the Tools - Options. Eg. ConnectionString, EmailTo, EmailCC Note: We read
and write to this using Microsoft Configuration Application Block. If we dont use this Block
we would store it as a plain XML file and read and write to it using System.XML classes.
The idea is that if something does go wrong when you are writing to this file, at least the
App.Config would not be affected. Also, this separates our settings (which are few) from the
App.Config (which usually has a lot of stuff that we really dont want a user to stuff around
with).
3. UserSession.Config (an SSW standard). These are for additional setting files that the user
cannot change. e.g. FormLocation, LastReportSelected Note: This file is over writable
(say during a re-installation) and it will not affect the user if the file is deleted.
More on
rules to better .NET projects.
|
|
Cheers until next time,
Adam SSW Chief
Architect and Microsoft Regional Director, Australia
Got a comment for Adam?
Email Adam
|
|
|
Sydney .NET User Group - The best place to learn .NET for free in Sydney
|
|
|
Sydney .NET User
Group
18th May 2005
|
|
By now you should have been swept up in
the .NET 2005 craze, and played around
with Visual Studio .NET 2005 Beta 2. But
what's changed since VS2003, and how can
you get the most out of the new version?
Come along this week and let Adam
guide you through ADO.NET 2.0. You'll
get a close-up of:
- DataBinding
- (the vastly improved) DataGrid
- Input Validation
Mehmet Ozdemir will provide a quick walk through on the Visual Studio
2005 Web Testing components. He will demonstrate alternative uses for web
testing and how to interrogate the resultant log files, including running
through some code samples.
We have lots of hot giveaways this
week, including copies of Visual Studio
.NET 2005 Beta 2. Not to mention the free Pizza & soft drinks!
|
Wednesday 18th May 6:00 pm at Microsoft, 1 Epping Road North Ryde
See You There!! |
Sorry I can't make it
|
|
SSW Upsizing PRO! - Migrate from Access to SQL with minimal fuss
|
|
|
If your business is growing and you demand a
scalable database solution, upsize from Access Jet to the robust SQL Server environment. SSW
Upsizing PRO! prepares your Access database so you can convert effortlessly to SQL Server. Upsizing
PRO! will prevent known errors, ensuring a smooth migration.
Our clients often ask us to upsize their database from Access to SQL Server. With Upsizing PRO!,
what used to take us hours can now be done at the click of a button.
SSW Upsizing
PRO!.
Take a look at
what Russell Sinclair, SQL Server Professional
had to say about SSW Upsizing PRO!
|
|
SSW Employment Opportunities
|
|
If you would like to join our fun young working environment, now's your chance!
We are looking for bright and
intelligent people to join our young
dynamic team based in Neutral Bay, Sydney.
We have
positions available now
in programming & development.
Email
Tim your cover letter and resume.
|
|
|


Offline Translation at FIOD
Mark Berger
Intro FIOD
Fiscale Inlichtingen- en OpsporingsDienst
Data Science team @ FIOD:
Proof of Concepts
The Challenge
FIOD has a lot of textual data
A lot of international documents
500
cases a year,
~6 TB
of data per caseManual translation...
or incomplete coverage of the data!
Cons: very
costly and slow.
And possibly even missed information!
Possible solutions
Machine Translation
Confidential data =>
can't use 3rd party API's!
Need our own translation engine!
Another plus:
full control over languages and the amount of use!
Enter the Transformer
Attention Is All You Need (Vaswani et al., 2017)
© https://jalammar.github.io/illustrated-transformer/
Encoder-Decoder model
© https://jalammar.github.io/illustrated-transformer/
© https://jalammar.github.io/illustrated-transformer/
Self-Attention
In the sentence
“The pupil put his pen down because it was empty.”
the model needs to understand that the word“it”
corresponds to the word“pen”
and not“pupil”
to correctly translate the sentence!Self-Attention in the decoder
Final loss function
Distance from the one-hot encoded target!
Maintained and used by Google Brain team members and has a growing open source community around it.
Our task
Data
| Source | Target |
|---|---|
| My name is Mark. | Mijn naam is Mark. |
| It's awfully hot lately in the Netherlands. | Het is de laatste tijd erg warm in Nederland. |
Make use of open data, because you will need
lots
of it!
Example: Spanish-Dutch Problem definition
from tensor2tensor.data_generators import problem
from tensor2tensor.data_generators import text_encoder
from tensor2tensor.data_generators import text_problems
from tensor2tensor.data_generators import translate
_ES_NL_TRAIN_DATASETS = [
[
"../../source_data/dgt.tar.gz",
("DGT.es-nl.es", "DGT.es-nl.nl")
]
]
_ES_NL_TEST_DATASETS = [
[
"../../source_data/euconstdev.tar.gz",
("EUconst.es-nl.es", "EUconst.es-nl.nl")
],
]
@registry.register_problem
class SpanishToDutchProblem(translate.TranslateProblem):
"""Problem spec for Spanish-Dutch translation."""
@property
def approx_vocab_size(self):
return 2**15 # 32768
@property
def vocab_filename(self):
return "vocab.esnl.%d" % self.approx_vocab_size
def source_data_files(self, dataset_split):
train = dataset_split == problem.DatasetSplit.TRAIN
return _ES_NL_TRAIN_DATASETS if train else _ES_NL_TEST_DATASETS
garbage in, garbage out!
Our challenge
Offline training
GPU servers in our offline infrastructure
Handy, but some
very big cons!
Manual data and software delivery!
Manual Upload
...or a nice ride 100 km to Apeldoorn to upload directly to the server...
...if you have the clearance to upload it, anyway!
Clearly, when we as a new team were confronted with this, we knew it had to change
Once the code is in place
Three main components
TensorFlow model server
Dockerfile
FROM tensorflow/serving:1.11.0-rc0
COPY /ES-NL /ES-NL
COPY translation_server.conf translation_server.conf
EXPOSE 8500:8500
translation_server.conf
model_config_list: {
config: {
name: "es_nl_transformer",
base_path: "/ES-NL",
model_platform: "tensorflow"
},
config: {
name: "de_en_transformer",
base_path: "/DE-NL",
model_platform: "tensorflow"
}
}
Now multiple model graphs are restored within a single Docker container and are accessible on the same server!
translation-api
Our platform of choice is
flask-restplus.
Moreover, flask-restplus automatically generates Swagger documentation for our service. Very handy for other developers!
translation-frontend
Deployment
We need to make sure all of our microservices are scalable, reliable and can work together within one environment.
As I have told, right now we have to do the last deployment step manually, but in the near future this step will become automatic too.
We make use of
for our container orchestration.
© https://spinside.blogspot.com/2017/08/kubernetes-ingress-and-nginx-controller.html
Final thoughts
It is a challenging task to create and maintain your own offline machine learning projects, especially at FIOD-like, bureaucratic environments.
However, it does make your independent of vendor lock in and makes real in depth customization and experimentation possible, plus allows you to work with confidential data!
Thank you!
Questions?
mark@maberger.nl


During a co-op employment, a BEST team member noticed that most efforts from staff revolved around obtaining clear diagnoses for study participants, which is laborious due to the subjective nature of psychiatric symptoms. Clinicians noted that objective measurements of psychological states could not only improve recruitment methods, but also track outcomes more objectively, which would generate clearer results from studies. The MINT team was established with the hope to bridge clinical and social aspects of neuroscience by innovating in objective and accessible diagnostics for psychological conditions. In recent years, the goal of MINT has shifted from medical applications only to all neurotechnology applications such as brain-controlled automation home, and we develop our own EEG acquisition system.
Dr. Potvin is a professor at UBC in the Chemical and Biological Engineering department. He provides us with the CHBE lab space and chemicals.
Dr. Wu is an assistant professor at UBC in the Mechanical Engineering department. She is assisting us with EEG data collection, processing, publishing research papers, and IPs
Dr. Soltanian is a research associate at UBC in the Electrical Engineering department. He provides us with the lab equipment, materials, and electrode manufacturing
The MINT software team helps to design and build MINT’s various softwares. Members assist with constructing the MINT website as well as building more applications to go along with our current projects. Members also assist to visualise the data obtained by the signal processing team and build interactive demos
The MINT signal processing team does research on brain signal patterns (EEG), analyze and filter EEG data, and convert data to the right format for machine learning model’s input in Python. Members also help set up EEG experiments including programming stimuli scripts and record EEG signals.
The MINT deep learning team creates deep learning applications and assist in the overall project by building deep learning models. Members do research about various models, determine the model that best fits each scenario, and work with large amounts of data to generate the appropriate results.
The MINT electrical team is designing a custom made PCB for reading in data. Members work on hardware and/or firmware for the PCB to communicate between firmware/hardware and to process brain wave signals and control the PCB. For example, the creation of a cricut design that incorporates the PCB, receiving electrode, power source, incooprating microcontroller and an avenue of transmission of data. Members work closely with the signal processing subteam to minimize noise and record the desired data.
The MINT mechanical team utilizes computer aided design to create a headset that will enable the connection of electrodes to the patient’s head, carefully considering the ergonomics of the patients, cost, and quality of the mechanical EEG headset.
The UBC MINT Mentorship program equips 1st year engineering students with the necessary technical and professional skills that will allow them to excel throughout their academic and professional life. The program involves a series of workshops that involve the development of critical technical and professional skills that will train each individual to be able to join a UBC MINT project team at the end of the program while also gaining a better understanding of the various engineering disciplines to assist them in their placement decision. Mentees also work alongside different mentors in various project teams. This involves mentees shadowing their mentor, learning about their projects and goals while also completing small tasks when appropriate.


class
GraphNode {
constructor(val) {
this.val = val;
this.neighbors = [];
}
}
let a = new
GraphNode("a");
let b = new
GraphNode("b");
let c = new
GraphNode("c");
let d = new
GraphNode("d");
let e = new
GraphNode("e");
let f = new
GraphNode("f");
a.neighbors = [b, c,
e];
c.neighbors = [b, d];
e.neighbors = [a];
f.neighbors = [e];
The row index will corespond to the source of an edge and the column index will correspond to the edges destination.
matrix[i][j]
may not be the same as matrix[j][i]
let matrix = [
| A | B | C | D | E | F | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | [True, | True, | True, | False, | True, | False] |
| B | [False, | True, | False, | False, | False, | False] |
| C | [False, | True, | True, | True, | False, | False] |
| D | [False, | False, | False, | True, | False, | False] |
| E | [True, | False, | False, | False, | True, | False] |
| F | [False, | False, | False, | False, | True, | True] |
];
Seeks to solve the shortcomings of the matrix implementation. It uses an object where keys represent node labels and values associated with that key are the adjacent nodes.
class
GraphNode {
constructor(val) {
this.val = val;
this.neighbors = [];
}
}
let a = new
GraphNode("a");
let b = new
GraphNode("b");
let c = new
GraphNode("c");
let d = new
GraphNode("d");
let e = new
GraphNode("e");
let f = new
GraphNode("f");
a.neighbors = [e, c,
b];
c.neighbors = [b, d];
e.neighbors = [a];
f.neighbors = [e];
function depthFirstRecur(node, visited =
new Set()) {
if (visited.has(node.val))
return;
console.log(node.val);
visited.add(node.val);
node.neighbors.forEach((neighbor) =>
{
depthFirstRecur(neighbor, visited);
});
}
depthFirstRecur(f); // starting with f as it is a node
that
can reach all other nodes
>function depthFirstIter(node) {
let visited = new Set();
let stack = [node];
while (stack.length) {
let node = stack.pop();
if (visited.has(node.val)) continue;
console.log(node.val);
visited.add(node.val);
stack.push(...node.neighbors);
}
}
depthFirstIter(f);
Remember that the nodes are stored as strings in an array in an object.
>function depthFirstRecur(node, graph, visited = new Set()) {
if (visited.has(node)) return;
console.log(node);
visited.add(node);
graph[node].forEach((neighbor) => {
depthFirstRecur(neighbor, graph, visited);
});
}
depthFirstRecur("f", graph);
>function depthFirst(graph) {
let visited = new Set();
for (let node in graph) {
_depthFirstRecur(node, graph, visited);
}
}
function _depthFirstRecur(node, graph, visited) {
if (visited.has(node)) return;
console.log(node);
visited.add(node);
graph[node].forEach((neighbor) => {
_depthFirstRecur(neighbor, graph, visited);
});
}
depthFirst(graph);


| 1 |
Alolga_2015 |
Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of Kang 601 heji, a traditional Chinese oral liquid dosage form |
Alolga, Raphael Nammahime; Amadi, Sarah Wambui; Onoja, Vitus; Assanhou, Assogba Gabin; Muyaba, Moses; Kassim, Said Abasse |
2015 |
2015-11-30 |
PMC |
N |
|
|
10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.08.001 |
4vq7j549 |
0.891053 |
Zakaryan_2017 |
Park_2017 |
| 2 |
LI_S_2015 |
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Alleviates Arsenic-induced Oxidative Reproductive Toxicity in Male Mice |
LI, Shu Gang; DING, Yu Song; NIU, Qiang; XU, Shang Zhi; PANG, Li Juan; MA, Ru Lin; JING, Ming Xia; FENG, Gang Ling; LIU, Jia Ming; GUO, Shu Xia |
2015 |
2015-04-30 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7135117 |
25966753.0 |
10.3967/bes2015.038 |
wtbu91hz |
0.854292 |
Li_X_2011 |
Park_2017, Lee_C_2020 |
| 3 |
Xiong_2014 |
Roles of the antioxidant properties of icariin and its phosphorylated derivative in the protection against duck virus hepatitis |
Xiong, Wen; Chen, Yun; Wang, Yu; Liu, Jiaguo |
2014 |
2014-09-24 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC4177705 |
25244948.0 |
10.1186/s12917-014-0226-3 |
9433uf6o |
0.849153 |
|
Nie_L_2020 |
| 4 |
Li_X_2011 |
Antioxidant Status and Immune Activity of Glycyrrhizin in Allergic Rhinitis Mice |
Li, Xiao-Lan; Zhou, Ai-Guo; Zhang, Li; Chen, Wei-Jun |
2011 |
2011-01-26 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC3083680 |
21541033.0 |
10.3390/ijms12020905 |
31zn1fyt |
0.827810 |
|
Shingnaisui_2018 |
| 5 |
Wang_2008 |
Metabolite identification of arbidol in human urine by the study of CID fragmentation pathways using HPLC coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry |
Wang, Yuya; Chen, Xiaoyan; Li, Qiang; Zhong, Dafang |
2008 |
2008-03-06 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7166481 |
18324609.0 |
10.1002/jms.1394 |
ib12nnk8 |
0.760017 |
|
|
| 6 |
Hai-long_2015 |
Some Chinese folk prescriptions for wind-cold type common cold |
Hai-long, Zhai; Shimin, Chen; Yalan, Lu |
2015 |
2015-07-31 |
PMC |
N |
PMC4488566 |
26151024.0 |
10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.035 |
follu7hq |
0.697222 |
|
Shingnaisui_2018 |
| 7 |
Chi_X_2017 |
Oral administration of tea saponins to relive oxidative stress and immune suppression in chickens |
Chi, X.; Bi, S.; Xu, W.; Zhang, Y.; Liang, S.; Hu, S. |
2017 |
2017-06-15 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7107189 |
28633386.0 |
10.3382/ps/pex127 |
2q5ore6g |
0.648330 |
|
Li_X_2011, Park_2017 |
| 8 |
Park_2017 |
Anti-inflammatory effect of torilidis fructus ethanol extract through inhibition of Src |
Park, Gyubyung; Kim, Eunji; Son, Young-Jin; Yoon, Deok Hyo; Sung, Gi-Ho; Aravinthan, Adithan; Park, Yung Chul; Kim, Jong-Hoon; Cho, Jae Youl |
2017 |
2017-08-23 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC6130681 |
28832235.0 |
10.1080/13880209.2017.1362011 |
96t8ws6q |
0.619937 |
|
Lee_C_2020, Shingnaisui_2018 |
| 9 |
Lu_Y_2019 |
The Screening Research of NF-κB Inhibitors from Moutan Cortex Based on Bioactivity-Integrated UPLC-Q/TOF-MS |
Lu, Yujie; Liu, Wenjuan; Zhang, Man; Deng, Yanfang; Jiang, Min; Bai, Gang |
2019 |
2019-03-03 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC6420966 |
30941197.0 |
10.1155/2019/6150357 |
1ahxau9k |
0.608415 |
|
Lee_C_2020, Park_2017 |
| 10 |
Bao_Y_2015 |
Evaluation of pharmacodynamic activities of EPs® 7630, a special extract from roots of Pelargonium sidoides, in animals models of cough, secretolytic activity and acute bronchitis |
Bao, Yanyan; Gao, Yingjie; Koch, Egon; Pan, Xin; Jin, Yahong; Cui, Xiaolan |
2015 |
2015-04-15 |
PMC |
N |
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25925973.0 |
10.1016/j.phymed.2015.03.004 |
hymcf6em |
0.584163 |
Zakaryan_2017 |
|
| 11 |
Lu_H_2006 |
Anti-inflammatory effect of Houttuynia cordata injection |
Lu, H.M.; Liang, Y.Z.; Yi, L.Z.; Wu, X.J. |
2006 |
2006-03-08 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7127264 |
16213118.0 |
10.1016/j.jep.2005.09.012 |
f5my8h1z |
0.581481 |
|
Shingnaisui_2018 |
| 12 |
Chingwaru_2011 |
Tylosema esculentum (Marama) Tuber and Bean Extracts Are Strong Antiviral Agents against Rotavirus Infection |
Chingwaru, Walter; Majinda, Runner T.; Yeboah, Sam O.; Jackson, Jose C.; Kapewangolo, Petrina T.; Kandawa-Schulz, Martha; Cencic, Avrelija |
2011 |
2011-02-20 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC3057194 |
21423688.0 |
10.1155/2011/284795 |
sn1a7ikq |
0.557129 |
Lim_T_2015, McCutcheon_1995, Knipping_2012, Hsu_H_2016 |
Chathuranga_2019 |
| 13 |
Wang_2014 |
The aqueous extract from Toona sinensis leaves inhibits microglia-mediated neuroinflammation |
Wang, Chao-Chuan; Tsai, Yee-Jean; Hsieh, Ya-Ching; Lin, Rong-Jyh; Lin, Chih-Lung |
2014 |
2014-02-28 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7118447 |
24444536.0 |
10.1016/j.kjms.2013.09.012 |
78dznsqw |
0.511924 |
|
Park_2017, Lee_C_2020 |
| 14 |
Hou_Y_2016 |
Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, ameliorates Pseudomonas aeruginosa–induced acute lung inflammation by regulation of PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK pathways |
Hou, Yuanyuan; Nie, Yan; Cheng, Binfeng; Tao, Jin; Ma, Xiaoyao; Jiang, Min; Gao, Jie; Bai, Gang |
2016 |
2016-03-22 |
None |
N |
PMC4856955 |
27175332.0 |
10.1016/j.apsb.2016.03.002 |
edl89gmo |
0.503550 |
|
Lee_C_2020 |
| 15 |
Zhuang_2009 |
Procyanidins and butanol extract of Cinnamomi Cortex inhibit SARS-CoV infection |
Zhuang, Min; Jiang, Hong; Suzuki, Yasuhiro; Li, Xiaoguang; Xiao, Peng; Tanaka, Takashi; Ling, Hong; Yang, Baofeng; Saitoh, Hiroki; Zhang, Lianfeng; Qin, Chuan; Sugamura, Kazuo; Hattori, Toshio |
2009 |
2009-04-30 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7114128 |
19428598.0 |
10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.02.001 |
v5shp5hu |
0.500146 |
|
Lee_C_2020, Adnan_2019, Nie_L_2020 |
| 16 |
Kim_B_2013 |
Relative antioxidant activities of quercetin and its structurally related substances and their effects on NF-κB/CRE/AP-1 signaling in murine macrophages |
Kim, Byung-Hak; Choi, Jung Sook; Yi, Eun Hee; Lee, Jin-Ku; Won, Cheolhee; Ye, Sang-Kyu; Kim, Myoung-Hwan |
2013 |
2013-05-01 |
PMC |
N |
PMC3887868 |
23649461.0 |
10.1007/s10059-013-0031-z |
5s10b9zy |
0.497130 |
|
Lee_C_2020 |
| 17 |
Zhao_2018 |
Effects of indole alkaloids from leaf of Alstonia scholaris on post-infectious cough in mice |
Zhao, Yun-Li; Yang, Zi-Feng; Shang, Jian-Hua; Huang, Wan-Yi; Wang, Bei; Wei, Xin; Khan, Afsar; Yuan, Zhi-Wei; Liu, Ya-Ping; Wang, Yi-Fen; Wang, Xin-Hua; Luo, Xiao-Dong |
2018 |
2018-05-23 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7126965 |
29496577.0 |
10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.040 |
l1n72d3s |
0.487259 |
|
Lee_C_2020, Shingnaisui_2018, Park_2017 |
| 18 |
Zhang_2005 |
Selective depletion of glycyrrhizin from Si-Ni-San, a traditional Chinese prescription, blocks its effect on contact sensitivity in mice and recovers adhesion and metalloproteinases production of T lymphocytes |
Zhang, Li; Sun, Yang; Chen, Ting; Xu, Qiang |
2005 |
2005-07-31 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7106220 |
15914324.0 |
10.1016/j.intimp.2005.02.015 |
pxdqvk1p |
0.476000 |
|
Lee_C_2020, Nie_L_2020, Xie_J_2018 |
| 19 |
Lou_Y_2019 |
Houttuynia cordata Thunb. and its bioactive compound 2-undecanone significantly suppress benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung tumorigenesis by activating the Nrf2-HO-1/NQO-1 signaling pathway |
Lou, Yanmei; Guo, Zhenzhen; Zhu, Yuanfeng; Kong, Muyan; Zhang, Rongrong; Lu, Linlin; Wu, Feichi; Liu, Zhongqiu; Wu, Jinjun |
2019 |
2019-06-07 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC6556055 |
31174565.0 |
10.1186/s13046-019-1255-3 |
5rzgkrkn |
0.309898 |
|
Lee_C_2020, Shingnaisui_2018 |


The Tin Woodman of Oz
by L. Frank Baum
Chapter 17: “The Workshop of Ku-Klip”
Additional Information
- Year Published: 1918
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: United States of America
- Source: Baum, L. F. (1918). The Tin Woodman of Oz. J. R. Neill (Ed.).
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 7.0
- Word Count: 1,063
- Genre: Fantasy
- Keywords: 20th century literature, american literature, books of oz, children's literature, fantasy, l. frank baum
- ✎ Cite This
Downloads
It was not more than a two hours’ journey to the house where Nimmie Amee had lived, but when our travelers arrived there they found the place deserted. The door was partly off its hinges, the roof had fallen in at the rear and the interior of the cottage was thick with dust. Not only was the place vacant, but it was evident that no one had lived there for a long time.
“I suppose,” said the Scarecrow, as they all stood looking wonderingly at the ruined house, “that after the Wicked Witch was destroyed, Nimmie Amee became lonely and went somewhere else to live.”
“One could scarcely expect a young girl to live all alone in a forest,” added Woot. “She would want company, of course, and so I believe she has gone where other people live.”
“And perhaps she is still crying her poor little heart out because no tin man comes to marry her,” suggested Polychrome.
“Well, in that case, it is the clear duty of you two tin persons to seek Nimmie Amee until you find her,” declared the Scarecrow.
“I do not know where to look for the girl,” said the Tin Soldier, “for I am almost a stranger to this part of the country.”
“I was born here,” said the Tin Woodman, “but the forest has few inhabitants except the wild beasts. I cannot think of anyone living near here with whom Nimmie Amee might care to live.”
“Why not go to Ku-Klip and ask him what has become of the girl?” proposed Polychrome.
That struck them all as being a good suggestion, so once more they started to tramp through the forest, taking the direct path to Ku-Klip’s house, for both the tin twins knew the way, having followed it many times. Ku-Klip lived at the far edge of the great forest, his house facing the broad plains of the Munchkin Country that lay to the eastward. But, when they came to this residence by the forest’s edge, the tinsmith was not at home.
It was a pretty place, all painted dark blue with trimmings of lighter blue. There was a neat blue fence around the yard and several blue benches had been placed underneath the shady blue trees which marked the line between forest and plain. There was a blue lawn before the house, which was a good sized building. Ku-Klip lived in the front part of the house and had his work-shop in the back part, where he had also built a lean-to addition, in order to give him more room. Although they found the tinsmith absent on their arrival, there was smoke coming out of his chimney, which proved that he would soon return.
“And perhaps Nimmie Amee will be with him,” said the Scarecrow in a cheerful voice.
While they waited, the Tin Woodman went to the door of the workshop and, finding it unlocked, entered and looked curiously around the room where he had been made.
“It seems almost like home to me,” he told his friends, who had followed him in. “The first time I came here I had lost a leg, so I had to carry it in my hand while I hopped on the other leg all the way from the place in the forest where the enchanted axe cut me. I remember that old Ku-Klip carefully put my meat leg into a barrel—I think that is the same barrel, still standing in the corner yonder—and then at once he began to make a tin leg for me. He worked fast and with skill, and I was much interested in the job.”
“My experience was much the same,” said the Tin Soldier. “I used to bring all the parts of me, which the enchanted sword had cut away, here to the tinsmith, and Ku-Klip would put them into the barrel.”
“I wonder,” said Woot, “if those cast-off parts of you two unfortunates are still in that barrel in the corner?”
“I suppose so,” replied the Tin Woodman. “In the Land of Oz no part of a living creature can ever be destroyed.”
“If that is true, how was that Wicked Witch destroyed?” inquired Woot.
“Why, she was very old and was all dried up and withered before Oz became a fairyland,” explained the Scarecrow. “Only her magic arts had kept her alive so long, and when Dorothy’s house fell upon her she just turned to dust, and was blown away and scattered by the wind. I do not think, however, that the parts cut away from these two young men could ever be entirely destroyed and, if they are still in those barrels, they are likely to be just the same as when the enchanted axe or sword severed them.”
“It doesn’t matter, however,” said the Tin Woodman; “our tin bodies are more brilliant and durable, and quite satisfy us.”
“Yes, the tin bodies are best,” agreed the Tin Soldier. “Nothing can hurt them.”
“Unless they get dented or rusted,” said Woot, but both the tin men frowned on him.
Scraps of tin, of all shapes and sizes, lay scattered around the workshop. Also there were hammers and anvils and soldering irons and a charcoal furnace and many other tools such as a tinsmith works with. Against two of the side walls had been built stout work-benches and in the center of the room was a long table. At the end of the shop, which adjoined the dwelling, were several cupboards. After examining the interior of the workshop until his curiosity was satisfied, Woot said;
“I think I will go outside until Ku-Klip comes. It does not seem quite proper for us to take possession of his house while he is absent.”
“That is true,” agreed the Scarecrow, and they were all about to leave the room when the Tin Woodman said: “Wait a minute,” and they halted in obedience to the command.


# Copyright 2012 Nebula, Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
# a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
import json
import os
from django.conf import settings
from django import http
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from horizon import exceptions
from horizon import views
ADD_TO_FIELD_HEADER = "HTTP_X_HORIZON_ADD_TO_FIELD"
[docs]class ModalBackdropMixin(object):
"""This mixin class is to be used for together with ModalFormView and
WorkflowView classes to augment them with modal_backdrop context data.
.. attribute: modal_backdrop (optional)
The appearance and behavior of backdrop under the modal element.
Possible options are:
* 'true' - show backdrop element outside the modal, close the modal
after clicking on backdrop (the default one);
* 'false' - do not show backdrop element, do not close the modal after
clicking outside of it;
* 'static' - show backdrop element outside the modal, do not close
the modal after clicking on backdrop.
"""
modal_backdrop = 'static'
def __init__(self):
super(ModalBackdropMixin, self).__init__()
config = getattr(settings, 'HORIZON_CONFIG', {})
if 'modal_backdrop' in config:
self.modal_backdrop = config['modal_backdrop']
[docs] def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
context = super(ModalBackdropMixin, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
context['modal_backdrop'] = self.modal_backdrop
return context
[docs]class ModalFormMixin(object):
[docs] def get_template_names(self):
if self.request.is_ajax():
if not hasattr(self, "ajax_template_name"):
# Transform standard template name to ajax name (leading "_")
bits = list(os.path.split(self.template_name))
bits[1] = "".join(("_", bits[1]))
self.ajax_template_name = os.path.join(*bits)
template = self.ajax_template_name
else:
template = self.template_name
return template
[docs] def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
context = super(ModalFormMixin, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
if self.request.is_ajax():
context['hide'] = True
if ADD_TO_FIELD_HEADER in self.request.META:
context['add_to_field'] = self.request.META[ADD_TO_FIELD_HEADER]
return context
[docs]class ModalFormView(ModalBackdropMixin, ModalFormMixin, views.HorizonFormView):
"""The main view class from which all views which handle forms in Horizon
should inherit. It takes care of all details with processing
:class:`~horizon.forms.base.SelfHandlingForm` classes, and modal concerns
when the associated template inherits from
`horizon/common/_modal_form.html`.
Subclasses must define a ``form_class`` and ``template_name`` attribute
at minimum.
See Django's documentation on the `FormView <https://docs.djangoproject.com
/en/dev/ref/class-based-views/generic-editing/#formview>`_ class for
more details.
.. attribute: modal_id (recommended)
The HTML element id of this modal.
.. attribute: modal_header (recommended)
The title of this modal.
.. attribute: form_id (recommended)
The HTML element id of the form in this modal.
.. attribute: submit_url (required)
The url for a submit action.
.. attribute: submit_label (optional)
The label for the submit button. This label defaults to ``Submit``.
This button should only be visible if the action_url is defined.
Clicking on this button will post to the action_url.
.. attribute: cancel_label (optional)
The label for the cancel button. This label defaults to ``Cancel``.
Clicking on this button will redirect user to the cancel_url.
.. attribute: cancel_url (optional)
The url for a cancel action. This url defaults to the success_url
if omitted. Note that the cancel_url redirect is nullified when
shown in a modal dialog.
"""
modal_id = None
modal_header = ""
form_id = None
submit_url = None
submit_label = _("Submit")
cancel_label = _("Cancel")
cancel_url = None
[docs] def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
context = super(ModalFormView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
context['modal_id'] = self.modal_id
context['modal_header'] = self.modal_header
context['form_id'] = self.form_id
context['submit_url'] = self.submit_url
context['submit_label'] = self.submit_label
context['cancel_label'] = self.cancel_label
context['cancel_url'] = self.get_cancel_url()
return context
[docs] def get_object_id(self, obj):
"""For dynamic insertion of resources created in modals, this method
returns the id of the created object. Defaults to returning the ``id``
attribute.
"""
return obj.id
[docs] def get_object_display(self, obj):
"""For dynamic insertion of resources created in modals, this method
returns the display name of the created object. Defaults to returning
the ``name`` attribute.
"""
return obj.name
[docs] def get_form(self, form_class):
"""Returns an instance of the form to be used in this view."""
return form_class(self.request, **self.get_form_kwargs())
[docs] def form_valid(self, form):
try:
handled = form.handle(self.request, form.cleaned_data)
except Exception:
handled = None
exceptions.handle(self.request)
if handled:
if ADD_TO_FIELD_HEADER in self.request.META:
field_id = self.request.META[ADD_TO_FIELD_HEADER]
data = [self.get_object_id(handled),
self.get_object_display(handled)]
response = http.HttpResponse(json.dumps(data))
response["X-Horizon-Add-To-Field"] = field_id
elif isinstance(handled, http.HttpResponse):
return handled
else:
success_url = self.get_success_url()
response = http.HttpResponseRedirect(success_url)
# TODO(gabriel): This is not a long-term solution to how
# AJAX should be handled, but it's an expedient solution
# until the blueprint for AJAX handling is architected
# and implemented.
response['X-Horizon-Location'] = success_url
return response
else:
# If handled didn't return, we can assume something went
# wrong, and we should send back the form as-is.
return self.form_invalid(form)


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load static from staticfiles %} {% block content %}
Give names, locations and phone numbers of 3 references who are not related to you and are not previous employers.


management_layer.permission.utils module¶
This module contains functions that are used to check whether certain calls are permitted.
Permissions are based on the roles assigned to the user making the request, which maps to permissions on resources.
-
management_layer.permission.utils.
get_all_user_roles
(request: aiohttp.web_request.Request, user: type, nocache: bool = False) → Dict[str, List[int]][source]¶ This function returns all the roles that a user has on all sites and domains in the system. The result looks like this: ``` {
“d:1”: [2, 4], “d:2”: [2, 4, 6], “d:9”: [2, 4], “d:11”: [2, 4], “d:10”: [2, 4], “d:3”: [2, 4, 6], “d:6”: [2, 4, 6], “d:4”: [2, 4, 6], “d:5”: [2, 3, 4, 6], “d:7”: [2, 4, 6], “d:8”: [2, 4, 6], “s:1”: [2, 4, 5, 6]The dictionary keys consists of a type indicator (“d” for domains and “s” for sites) and an id separated by a “:”. Bypassing the cache can have a significant performance and should only be used in exceptional circumstances. :param request: The request associated with this call :param user: The user for which to get roles :param nocache: Bypass the cache if True :return: A dictionary containing the roles assigned to the specified user on
the domains and sites in the system.
-
management_layer.permission.utils.
get_role_resource_permissions
(request: aiohttp.web_request.Request, role: Union[str, int], resource: Union[str, int], nocache: bool = False) → List[int][source]¶ Get the permission granted on a resource for a specified role. Bypassing the cache can have a significant performance and should only be used in exceptional circumstances.
Parameters: - request – The request associated with this call
- role – The role
- resource – The resource
- nocache – Bypass the cache if True
Returns: A list of permission ids
-
management_layer.permission.utils.
get_user_roles_for_domain
(request: aiohttp.web_request.Request, user: type, domain: Union[str, int], nocache: bool = False) → Set[int][source]¶ Get the roles that a user has for a specified domain. Bypassing the cache can have a significant performance and should only be used in exceptional circumstances. :param request: The request associated with this call :param user: The user :param domain: The site :param nocache: Bypass the cache if True :return: A set of role ids
-
management_layer.permission.utils.
get_user_roles_for_site
(request: aiohttp.web_request.Request, user: type, site: int, nocache: bool = False) → Set[int][source]¶ Get the roles that a user has for a specified site. Bypassing the cache can have a significant performance and should only be used in exceptional circumstances. :param request: The request associated with this call :param user: The user :param site: The site :param nocache: Bypass the cache if True :return: A set of role ids
-
management_layer.permission.utils.
get_user_roles_for_site_or_domain
(request: aiohttp.web_request.Request, user: type, site: int = None, domain: Union[str, int] = None, nocache: bool = False) → Set[int][source]¶ Get the roles assigned to the user for the specified site or domain. Either a site or a domain needs to be specified. Bypassing the cache can have a significant performance and should only be used in exceptional circumstances. :param request: The request associated with this call :param user: The user :param site: The site :param domain: The domain :param nocache: Bypass the cache if True :return: A list of roles ids
-
management_layer.permission.utils.
role_has_permission
(request: aiohttp.web_request.Request, role: Union[str, int], permission: Union[str, int], resource: Union[str, int], nocache: bool = False) → bool[source]¶ Check if a role has a specified resource permission.
Bypassing the cache can have a significant performance impact and should only be used in exceptional circumstances.
Parameters: - request – The request associated with this call
- role – The role to check
- permission – The required permission
- resource – The resource
- nocache – Bypass the cache if True
Returns: True if the role has the permission on the resource, else False
-
management_layer.permission.utils.
roles_have_permissions
(request: aiohttp.web_request.Request, roles: Set[Union[str, int]], operator: Callable[..., bool], resource_permissions: Sequence[Tuple[Union[str, int], Union[str, int]]], nocache: bool = False) → bool[source]¶ Check whether the specified roles has any or all (as per the operator) of the specified resource permissions. It is typically used as part of the user_has_permissions() function as the following simplified pseudo-code shows:
- user_has_permissions(user, operator, resource_permissions):
- roles = get_user_roles() return roles_have_permissions(roles, operator, resource_permissions)
If any of the roles has the required permission, the requirement is satisfied. Bypassing the cache can have a significant performance impact and should only be used in exceptional circumstances. :param request: The request associated with this call :param roles: A set of role ids :param operator: any or all :param resource_permissions: The resource permissions required :param nocache: Bypass the cache if True :return: True if the user is has the required permissions on the resources
-
management_layer.permission.utils.
user_has_permissions
(request: aiohttp.web_request.Request, user: type, operator: Callable[..., bool], resource_permissions: Sequence[Tuple[Union[str, int], Union[str, int]]], site: int = None, domain: Union[str, int] = None, nocache: bool = False) → bool[source]¶ Check whether the specified user has any or all (as per the operator) of the specified resource permissions. To establish whether this is the case, we need to interrogate the roles associated with the user. If any of the roles has the required permission, the requirement is satisfied. :param request: The request associated with this call :param user: The UUID of the user performing the action :param operator: any or all :param resource_permissions: The resource permissions required :param site: The site from which the user is making the request :param domain: The domain for which the user is making the request :param nocache: Bypass the cache if True :return: True if the user is has the required permissions on the resources


Logger
instances that are initialized with a class
literal from a different class than the Logger
is contained in. This can easily happen when copy-pasting some code from another class and
may result in logging events under an unexpected category and cause filters to be applied incorrectly.
A quick-fix is provided to replace the foreign class literal with one from the surrounding class.
Example:
public class Paramount {
protected static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(Critical.class);
// ... other fields and methods
}
After the quick-fix is applied:
public class Paramount {
protected static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(Paramount.class);
// ... other fields and methods
}
Configure the inspection:
public
classes.


High Scores
Game-Select
Global High Score:
{{score1}}
Global High Score:
{{score2}}
Global High Score:
{{score3}}
Global High Score:
{{score4}}


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}{% trans "Account not activated!" %} - {{ block.super }}{% endblock title %} {% block content %}
{% blocktrans %}It seems your {{ site.name }} website account has not been activated. You have to click on the link provided in the activation email which we have sent you.{% endblocktrans %}
{% endblock content %}


Draw district lines for the map given above so that the Heart party wins two disticts. Create 5 districts of 5 voters each.
Hint.Answer.Solution.Draw district lines for the map given above so that the Heart party wins two disticts. Create 5 districts of 5 voters each.
Hint.Answer.Solution.


AutoBot
AutoBot is a 3D printed, remote controlled car. The structure was designed using Solidworks and the car was controlled with MSP430. The car as well as the controller were connected to one MSP430 each and they communicated to each other via bluetooth. A joystick was used to control the car.
Click2Cal
Created an andriod app called Click2Cal with a team of 4. Click2Cal takes a picture of an event and adds the details to your calendar. I was in charge of the User Interface as well as the management of the team.
CPU
Implemented a multi-cycle CPU in Verilog.
Python Game
Implemented a classic game called Pong with Python.
Iphone Stand
Designed and created an iPhone stand using Solidworks and 3D printing.
Roomba
Coded a Roomba so that it could follow the pattern "BU" on the floor.


- {{ burger.kCal }}
- Ingriedents:
- {{ burger.ingredients }}
- Allergener:
- Lactose
- Gluten
{{burger.name }}
Customer information
This is where you provide neccessary information:
Male
Female
Other
Please indicate point of delivery:
hejhej
T


Default Title
No Recipe found :( Start adding your favorite recipes!
Name
Description
Category
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|
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Concise structure for chainable paths
If you are using RStudio, you know that among many excellent features of this IDE there is a path autocompletion.
However, you can also meet situations, when that may be not enough. Most of all, I mean bigger projects, where you store a complex file structure in the config file. You can handle such configuration YAML file using the library named config
. You may encounter a situation, when you’ll want to save current directory structure in this config.
library(magrittr)
library(path.chain)
# Create an example file stucture
tmp <- create_temp_dir("files")
create_sample_dir(tmp, override = TRUE)
#> [1] TRUE
# Sample structure we've already created looks as follows
fs::dir_tree(tmp)
#> /tmp/Rtmpycyanx/files
#> ├── data
#> │ ├── example1.RData
#> │ ├── example2.RData
#> │ └── persons.csv
#> └── docs
#> └── schema.txt
# Loading stucture
file.structure <- path_chain(tmp)
file.structure$data$example1.RData
#> [1] "files/data/example1.RData"
# Loading stucture with naming convention
file.structure <- path_chain(tmp, naming = naming_k)
file.structure$kData$kExample1
#> [1] "files/data/example1.RData"
# Saving file structure
file.structure %>%
as_config(root.name = "kRoot", wrap = "kDirs") %>% # Required by `{config}` package
yaml::write_yaml(temp_path("config.yaml"))
on_path_not_exists(~ print("Path {.x} not exists"))
is_path_valid <- function(x) if (!grepl("\\.fst", x)) print("Invalid file")
on_validate_path(is_path_valid)
level2.b <- path_link("fileA.RData")
level2.a <- path_link("fileB.fst")
level1 <- path_link("data", list(level2.a = level2.a , level2.b = level2.b))
root <- path_link("files", list(level1))
root$data$level2.a
#> [1] "Path {.x} not exists"
#> [1] "files/data/fileB.fst"
root$data$level2.b
#> [1] "Path {.x} not exists"
#> [1] "Invalid file"
#> [1] "files/data/fileA.RData"


|
{{ match.groupName }} {{ match.stadium.name }}, {{ match.stadium.city }} |
||
|
{{ (match.home_team.name)?match.home_team.name:match.home_team }} |
{{ match.date|date:'HH:mm' }} {{ match.date|date:'HH:mm' : '+0300' }} |
{{ (match.away_team.name)?match.away_team.name: match.away_team }} |


The Aromatization of Dewar Benzene A Mechanistic Study
A thesis presented by David George Shaw to The Department of Chemistry in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrec of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of
Chemistry
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts
May 1971
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.


Reports on comparison operations with the constant value on the wrong side. Some coding conventions specify that constants should be on a specific side of a comparison, either left or right.
New in 2019.2


{% load i18n %}
{% blocktrans trimmed %} Click the "Place binding order" button to confirm that a sufficient payment of {{ currency_type }} was made in the transaction with hash {{ txn_hash }}. {% endblocktrans %}


# coding: utf-8
# # Case Study 4.1 - Movies
#
Note: If you close this notebook at any time, you will have to run all cells again upon re-opening it.
# # PYTHON
# As this is a beginner version, we include a lot of code here to help you along the way.
# # Identification Information
# # Setup
# Run these cells to install all the packages you need to complete the remainder of the case study. This may take a few minutes, so please be patient.
# In[1]:
get_ipython().system(u'pip install surprise==0.1')
# Now, you must press **Kernel > Restart.** This allows the installation to take effect. Once you see the blue **Connected/Kernel ready** button in the top right, you are good to go.
# # Import
# Import the required tools into the notebook.
# In[1]:
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib
from surprise import Dataset, SVD, NormalPredictor, BaselineOnly, KNNBasic, NMF
from surprise.model_selection import cross_validate, KFold
print('Imports successful!')
# In[2]:
get_ipython().magic(u'matplotlib inline')
# # Data
# Load the MovieLens data. A dialog may pop up saying **"Dataset ml-100k could not be found. Do you want to download it? [Y/n]"** Type Y and hit Enter to start the download process.
# In[3]:
data = Dataset.load_builtin('ml-100k')
print('Data load successful!')
# We also want to get a sense of what the data looks like. Let's create a histogram of all the ratings we have in the dataset.
# In[4]:
# 1. Get the ratings file from the data object
# This is just a filename that has all the data stored in it
ratings_file = data.ratings_file
# 2. Load that table using pandas, a commmon python data loading tool
# We set the column names manually here
col_names = ['user_id', 'item_id', 'rating', 'timestamp']
raw_data = pd.read_table(ratings_file, names=col_names)
# 3. Get the rating column
ratings = raw_data.rating
# 4. Generate a bar plot/histogram of that data
ratings.value_counts().sort_index().plot.bar()
print('Histogram generation successful!')
# QUESTION 1: DATA ANALYSIS
# **Describe the dataset. How many ratings are in the dataset? How would you describe the distribution of ratings? Is there anything else we should observe? Make sure the histogram is visible in the notebook.**
# There are 5 different ratings in the dataset and rating range between 1 and 5.
# Most of the ratings are 3,4 and 5 in the dataset.
# The distribution of ratings is slightly leaning to favourable ratings (rating >3), and the distribution centre is at 4.
# # Model 1: Random
# In[5]:
# Create model object
model_random = NormalPredictor()
print('Model creation successful!')
# In[6]:
# Train on data using cross-validation with k=5 folds, measuring the RMSE
model_random_results = cross_validate(model_random, data, measures=['RMSE'], cv=5, verbose=True)
print('Model training successful!')
# # Model 2: User-Based Collaborative Filtering
# In[7]:
# Create model object
model_user = KNNBasic(sim_options={'user_based': True})
print('Model creation successful!')
# In[8]:
# Train on data using cross-validation with k=5 folds, measuring the RMSE
# Note, this may have a lot of print output
# You can set verbose=False to prevent this from happening
model_user_results = cross_validate(model_user, data, measures=['RMSE'], cv=5, verbose=True)
print('Model training successful!')
# # Model 3: Item-Based Collaborative Filtering
# In[9]:
# Create model object
model_item = KNNBasic(sim_options={'user_based': False})
print('Model creation successful!')
# In[10]:
# Train on data using cross-validation with k=5 folds, measuring the RMSE
# Note, this may have a lot of print output
# You can set verbose=False to prevent this from happening
model_item_results = cross_validate(model_item, data, measures=['RMSE'], cv=5, verbose=True)
print('Model training successful!')
# QUESTION 2: COLLABORATIVE FILTERING MODELS
# **Compare the results from the user-user and item-item models. How do they compare to each other? How do they compare to our original "random" model? Can you provide any intuition as to why the results came out the way they did?**
# The user-user model scores RMSE of 0.9786. The item-item model scores RMSE of 0.9740.
# The item-item model performs slightly better in terms of RMSE compared to the user-user model. The item-item model probably has much better collisions because the movies that really matters have lots of rating.
#
# Both the user-user and item-item models offer significantly better result than the original "random" model.
# This is due to that collaborative filtering models uses information about the data ( or personalization). On the other hand, the random model uses no information about the data. Hence, it scored RMSE of 1.5159.
#
# # Model 4: Matrix Factorization
# In[11]:
# Create model object
model_matrix = SVD()
print('Model creation successful!')
# In[13]:
# Train on data using cross-validation with k=5 folds, measuring the RMSE
# Note, this may take some time (2-3 minutes) to train, so please be patient
model_matrix_results = cross_validate(model_matrix, data, measures=['RMSE'], cv=5, verbose=True)
print('Model training successful!')
# QUESTION 3: MATRIX FACTORIZATION MODEL
# **The matrix factorization model is different from the collaborative filtering models. Briefly describe this difference. Also, compare the RMSE again. Does it improve? Can you offer any reasoning as to why that might be?**
# The matrix factorization model offers slightly better RMSE compared to the collaborative filtering models. The matrix factorization model is user-item combination model, using a low-rank matrix factorization rather than the similarity of other models. The matrix factorization is used for the user-item model because it is difficult to measure similarities accurately in high dimensions.
#
# The matrix factorization model is significantly better than the Random model in terms of RMSE, where the matrix factorization scored RMSE of 0.9366 and the random model scored RMSE of 1.5159.
# # Precision and Recall @ `k`
# We now want to compute the precision and recall for 2 values of `k`: 5 and 10. We have provided some code here to help you do that.
# First, we define a function that takes in some predictions, a value of `k` and a threshold parameter. This code is adapted from [here](http://surprise.readthedocs.io/en/stable/FAQ.html?highlight=precision#how-to-compute-precision-k-and-recall-k).
# In[14]:
def precision_recall_at_k(predictions, k=10, threshold=3.5):
'''Return precision and recall at k metrics for each user.'''
# First map the predictions to each user.
user_est_true = dict()
for uid, _, true_r, est, _ in predictions:
current = user_est_true.get(uid, list())
current.append((est, true_r))
user_est_true[uid] = current
precisions = dict()
recalls = dict()
for uid, user_ratings in user_est_true.items():
# Sort user ratings by estimated value
user_ratings.sort(key=lambda x: x[0], reverse=True)
# Number of relevant items
n_rel = sum((true_r >= threshold) for (_, true_r) in user_ratings)
# Number of recommended items in top k
n_rec_k = sum((est >= threshold) for (est, _) in user_ratings[:k])
# Number of relevant and recommended items in top k
n_rel_and_rec_k = sum(((true_r >= threshold) and (est >= threshold))
for (est, true_r) in user_ratings[:k])
# Precision@K: Proportion of recommended items that are relevant
precisions[uid] = n_rel_and_rec_k / n_rec_k if n_rec_k != 0 else 1
# Recall@K: Proportion of relevant items that are recommended
recalls[uid] = n_rel_and_rec_k / n_rel if n_rel != 0 else 1
return precisions, recalls
print('Function creation successful!')
# Next, we compute the precision and recall at `k` = 5 and 10 for each of our 4 models. We use 5-fold cross validation again to average the results across the entire dataseat.
#
# Please note that this will take some time to compute.
# QUESTION 4: PRECISION/RECALL
# **Compute the precision and recall, for each of the 4 models, at `k` = 5 and 10. This is 2 x 2 x 4 = 16 numerical values. Do you note anything interesting about these values? Anything differerent from the RMSE values you computed above?**
# Precision can be defined as the percentage of recommendations which are actually relevant to the user.
# Recall can be defined as the percentage of the relevant items which were recommended in the top k items.
#
# Relevant item is defined as the movie that has a rating above 3.5.
#
# Precision is at the highest for the item-item model at top k=5. The random model has the lowest precision score at top k=5.
# Generally by increasing k, recall score improves significantly across all four models. But they suffer minor precision score when k is increased to 10.
# In[15]:
# Make list of k values
K = [5, 10]
# Make list of models
models = [model_random, model_user, model_item, model_matrix]
# Create k-fold cross validation object
kf = KFold(n_splits=5)
for k in K:
for model in models:
print(f'>>> k={k}, model={model.__class__.__name__}')
# Run folder and take average
p = []
r = []
for trainset, testset in kf.split(data):
model.fit(trainset)
predictions = model.test(testset, verbose=False)
precisions, recalls = precision_recall_at_k(predictions, k=k, threshold=3.5)
# Precision and recall can then be averaged over all users
p.append(sum(prec for prec in precisions.values()) / len(precisions))
r.append(sum(rec for rec in recalls.values()) / len(recalls))
print('>>> precision:', round(sum(p) / len(p), 3))
print('>>> reccall :', round(sum(r) / len(r), 3))
print('\n')
print('Precision and recall computation successful!')
# # Top-`n` Predictions
# Finally, we can see what some of the actual movie ratings are for particular users, as outputs of our model.
# Again, we define a helpful function.
# In[16]:
def get_top_n(predictions, n=5):
'''Return the top-N recommendation for each user from a set of predictions.
Args:
predictions(list of Prediction objects): The list of predictions, as
returned by the test method of an algorithm.
n(int): The number of recommendation to output for each user. Default
is 10.
Returns:
A dict where keys are user (raw) ids and values are lists of tuples:
[(raw item id, rating estimation), ...] of size n.
'''
# First map the predictions to each user.
top_n = dict()
for uid, iid, true_r, est, _ in predictions:
current = top_n.get(uid, [])
current.append((iid, est))
top_n[uid] = current
# Then sort the predictions for each user and retrieve the k highest ones.
for uid, user_ratings in top_n.items():
user_ratings.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
top_n[uid] = user_ratings[:n]
return top_n
print('Function creation successful!')
# Then, we call this function on each of our models, first training on **all** the data we have available, then predicting on the remaining, missing data. We use `n`=5 here, but you can pick any reasonable value of `n` you would like.
#
# This may take some time to compute, so be patient.
# In[17]:
trainset = data.build_full_trainset()
testset = trainset.build_anti_testset()
print('Trainset and testset creation successful!')
# QUESTION 5: TOP N PREDICTIONS
# **Do the top n predictions that you received make sense? What is the rating value (1-5) of these predictions? How could you use these predictions in the real-world if you were trying to build a generic content recommender system for a company?**
# The top n predictions provide a predicted movie score for 5 users. The rating value is the predicted movie rating for the particular user present below. For example, in the matrix factorization model, the user 169 received a predicted movie score of 4.494.
# It looks like the random model and the user-user model is providing only rating 5 in their prediction. It may be that the algorithm is not working and effective. On the other hand, the item-item and the matrix factorization model are providing highly personalised scores.
# In[18]:
for model in models:
model.fit(trainset)
predictions = model.test(testset)
top_n = get_top_n(predictions, n=5)
# Print the first one
user = list(top_n.keys())[0]
print(f'model: {model}, {user}: {top_n[user]}')
print('Top N computation successful!')
#
# Great job! Now, make sure you check out the **Conclusion** section of the [instruction manual](https://courses.edx.org/asset-v1:MITxPRO+DSx+2T2018+type<EMAIL_ADDRESS>to wrap up this case study properly.


Console tool Improvements
Go messages!
Go source maps!
JavaScript profiler and UI Responsiveness tool integrated into a new tool
profiler
.
Console Improvements
Escape key to open
Esc
Source locations in messages
Clickable links in messages
Console Innovations
Translated source locations
Demo Index


---
layout: post
title: ! 'Kitchen picks: Tomato face masks'
tags:
- DIY
status: publish
type: post
published: true
meta:
_yoast_wpseo_linkdex: '79'
_edit_last: '2'
_yoast_wpseo_focuskw: tomato face masks
_yoast_wpseo_title: ! 'Kitchen picks: Tomato face masks'
_yoast_wpseo_metadesc: ! 'Tomato and Lemon Mask , Benefits of tomato skin care,
Kitchen picks: Tomato face masks'
_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex: '0'
_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow: '0'
_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-adv: none
_yoast_wpseo_sitemap-include: ! '-'
_yoast_wpseo_sitemap-prio: ! '-'
_yoast_wpseo_canonical: ''
_yoast_wpseo_redirect: ''
_thumbnail_id: '6512'
_yoast_wpseo_metakeywords: ''
---
Kitchen picks: Tomato face masks
Tales of miraculous tomato from the refrigerator accompanied with Lemon. Tomato face masks are most effective way to close pores, naturally exfoliate and lighten skin tone (remove tan)
Face Mask for Oily skin :
Take one tablespoon of fresh tomato juice(just squeeze out a tomato), mix it with 4-5 drop of lime juice. Apply this juice mixture all over your face and let it dry for 15 minutes. Rinse it off with lukewarm water and then apply your regular toner
I sometimes add 1-2 drops of Tea tree oil, to counter act against my acne issues.
Tomato juice has been found to be effective in temporary closing the pores. So if you make it a regular routine, you will never need any other cream to fight against open pores.
Face Mask for Dry skin :
Take one tablespoon of fresh tomato juice and mix it with little honey. Apply this mixture over your face with a cotton and let it dry for 15 minutes. You will see the results yourself in smooth and glowing skin
Home made remedies can never go wrong. They are mild, natural and effective. Do give this a try before trying any cream for the pores issue.
*Are you liking our kitchen basics series.. and do comment to let us know.


Train Scheduler
Find out when the next train arrives.
Train Schedule
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Frequency
Next Arrival
Minutes Away
Add Train
Train Name:
Destination:
First Train Departure Time (HH:mm):
Frequency (minutes):
Submit


Kogi Poll: FCT minister delivers polling unit, ward to APC
by https://www.facebook.com/alao.h.joshuaThe FCT Minister of State, Dr Ramatu Tijjani Aliyu has delivered her Yagba Polling Unit and Kakanda Ward to the All Progressives Congress (APC) in the Kogi Governorship and West Senatorial District elections in the state.
Aliyu, who was until her appointment as the FCT Minister of state, was the National Women Leader of the party, still enjoyed support and solidarity at the grassroots.
Announcing the result, the Returning Officer, Dr Okor Henry said that the APC governorship candidate got 350 votes to defeat the People’s Democratic Party (PDP) candidate that got 62 votes at Yagba polling unit.
Read Also: Kogi/Bayelsa Decides 2019: Live Updates
The returning officer also said that the APC Senatorial candidate polled 480 votes to defeat the PDP senatorial candidate who clinched 53 votes at the polling unit.
“Similarly the APC governorship candidate won a total of 5,631 votes to defeat PDP governorship flagbearer that got 1,109 votes at the Kakanda ward in Lokoja Local Government Area.
“While the APC Senatorial candidate got a total of 4,907 votes to defeat the PDP candidate that got 2,013 votes at the ward.”
(NAN)


This WebApp uses Python 3 and CGI (Common Gateway Interface)
Python Scripts read the public key content from a text file and generate HTML code to display it as a webpage
The server that is handling this webpage is written in Python and is CGI enabled to run the scripts correctly
generate.py imports keyreader and template_engine modules
keyreader.py converts text data into a list and displays each line in HTML format
template_engine.py generates the entire HTML code
Reverted by Bryant Smith


To see if we can predict getting sick, we need good data on when you get sick!
We'll send an email with a quick link to report you're fine – or a link to report symptoms, if you've come down with something.
{% if request.user.openhumansmember.checkinschedule and request.user.openhumansmember.checkinschedule.active %}| Check-in time: | {{ checkin_form.instance.time }} |
|---|---|
| Timezone: | {{ checkin_form.instance.timezone }} |
Use the form below to update your schedule, or to turn off check-ins.
{% else %}Check-ins: off.
Use the form below to schedule check-ins.
{% endif %} {% if request.user.openhumansmember.checkinschedule and request.user.openhumansmember.checkinschedule.active %}


Handles a cycle where part of the cycle ends up with the cycle dependency twice in the dependency array.
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Common chickweed flowers and sets seed all through the year. It has been known to flower and ripen seed under a snow-cover 10-20 cm deep. Flowers are normally self-pollinated but there is a short period when insects can effect cross-pollination. In winter, flowers are produced that do not open making self-pollination inevitable. Stems cut off in flower do not produce viable seed but any green immature capsules present will ripen and the seeds within them can become capable of germination. Individual seed capsules contain around 10 seeds and the average seed number per plant is 2,200 to 2,700. However, plants with 25,000 seeds have been recorded. There is a good correlation between seed number and plant dry weight. Common chickweed can complete its life cycle in 5-6 weeks.
Buried seeds are known to retain viability for at least 25 and probably over 40 years. Seed buried in soil for 10 years gave up to 22% germination. Seeds in dry storage for 30 months at low temperatures retained full viability. Common chickweed seeds broadcast onto the surface of clay and silty-loam soils, ploughed to 20 cm or flexible tine cultivated to 10-15 cm and followed over a 6 year period of cropping with winter or spring wheat declined at an annual rate of 35%. The estimated time to 95% decline was 7-8 years depending on the frequency of cultivation. In a series of autumn-sown crops the time to 99% decline of seed in the soil seedbank was 11.1 years. The mean annual decline rate was 30%. In other studies in cultivated soil the annual percent decline was 41%. Elsewhere, under a grass sward, common chickweed seed had a mean annual decline rate of 26%.
Boston University
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Magnises provides extreme experiences for those who are daring enough to face life's toughest challenges.
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Ghost of Priest:
The tragedy of the Hellmann forest was the massacre of the royal family. The King's army slaughtered them and all of their supporters. That's how this forest got it's name.
"Why were they killed?"


Easy PDK Programmer hardware
PADAUK_FPPA_13_bit_instruction_set
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https://github.com/free-pdk/fppa-pdk-tools


Contains methods for computing counterfactuals with a continuous treatment variable as in Callaway and Huang (2017) <https://ssrn.com/abstract=3078187>. In particular, the package can be used to calculate the expected value, the variance, the interquantile range, the fraction of observations below or above a particular cutoff, or other user-supplied functions of an outcome of interest conditional on a continuous treatment. The package can also be used for computing these same functionals after adjusting for differences in covariates at different values of the treatment. Further, one can use the package to conduct uniform inference for each parameter of interest across all values of the treatment, uniformly test whether adjusting for covariates makes a difference at any value of the treatment, and test whether a parameter of interest is different from its average value at an value of the treatment.
| Version: | 1.1.0 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 2.1.0) |
| Imports: | quantreg, stats, pbapply, BMisc, tidyr, ggplot2, TempleMetrics, doParallel, foreach, formula.tools |
| Published: | 2018-09-18 |
| Author: | Weige Huang [aut, cre], Brantly Callaway [aut] |
| Maintainer: | Weige Huang <weige.huang at temple.edu> |
| License: | GPL-2 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | ccfa results |
| Reference manual: | ccfa.pdf |
| Package source: | ccfa_1.1.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: ccfa_1.1.0.zip, r-release: ccfa_1.1.0.zip, r-oldrel: ccfa_1.1.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: ccfa_1.1.0.tgz, r-oldrel: ccfa_1.1.0.tgz |
| Old sources: | ccfa archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ccfa to link to this page.


Origins
Developed by From Software, Dark Souls 2 is a sequel to the critically acclaimed Dark Souls, an action RPG with estimated sales of over 1.5 million units. The original game's appeal lay with its renowned difficulty and trial-and-error approach, one that Dark Souls 2 promises to sustain.
As of the 24th of March, 100 million souls have died on PS3, and 35 million souls have died on Xbox 360.
Software
Dark Souls II was announced on December 8th on the Spike TV Video Game Awards.
The series' creator, From Software's Hidetaka Miyazaki, will serve only as a supervisor on the sequel, while the game will actually be co-directed by From's Tomohiro Shibuya and Yui Tanimura.
Shibuya's comments about the game don't shed a whole lot of light on the sequel, other than to indicate that the new title will be faithful to the older ones but also introduce new things (as expected, of course). "This new chapter in the Dark Souls saga presents opportunities for us to drive innovation in gameplay design, develop an entirely new story, and expand the scope of the world in which the player interacts with the game. We have taken these necessary steps with Dark Souls II in order to evolve the overall experience of the Dark Souls series...the entire development team is striving to make Dark Souls II an experience that is fresh while not forsaking its roots in presenting players with challenging gameplay. Our goal is to surprise and delight our fans with new experiences and plot twists while enticing new players to join our dark journey."
According to the game's publisher, the new game "will feature a new hero, a new storyline, and an unfamiliar world for players to survive in while delivering its signature brand of unrelenting punishment that players hunger for." It seems that multiplayer is going to be tweaked as well. Demon's Souls and Dark Souls had an unusual multiplayer system that allowed users to do everything from leaving quest hints for each other to invading each other's games.
So what to make of this bit from the press release about Dark Souls II? "Players seeking to share their experience will discover a revamped server-based multiplayer mode that will put a distinct Dark Souls II twist on the concept of playing with others."

Collector's edition and black armor edition (aka pre-order edition) have been announced. Black Armour edition contains metal case and soundtrack. Collector's edition contains black armor edition, 30 cm/12" warrior knight figurine,art book and authentic cloth game map.
Concepts
General
The game is not a direct sequel to Dark Souls.
As the game's protagonist, the players will embark on a journey to remove from themselves the affliction of a curse.
Bonfires and covenants return, as do gestures.
The difficulty level will remain, with the focus staying on learning from death to overcome challenges. The variety in ways to die has been prioritized but the focus is still on fairness.
Story will be presented in the same fashion as Demon's and Dark, unobtrusive and discoverable by players who wish to dig deeper.
Confusion over the usage of the word "accessible" has been clarified. What From means to do is streamline the tediousness by trimming the fat. There will be less backtracking and excessive traveling. Not being able to warp until later in the first game was a specific example cited.
While characters will not be able to be carried over from Dark Souls into the sequel, the directors mentioned some content will carry over although it is not entirely clear what or how.
Next gen was discussed and rumored still but the director has said it will be current gen to deliver the game to fans sooner.
A new graphics engine was created to address frame-rate issues and give the development team an extra tool in creating atmosphere. PC will run at 60 fps and Console versions will run at 30 fps.
Online interaction will be server based to facilitate unique experiences. It is unclear as of yet if they will be region based or not.
Environment traversal will encourage the player to go deeper into areas in darkness. A torch system has been implemented to provide light during these portions.
Mist will perform the same gateway function that fog walls performed in Demon's Souls and Dark Souls.
The goal is to get the players to feel the emotional fright of areas and to also have enemies elicit emotions in the players.
Key Mouths that trigger in game events are also a new addition.
Gameplay videos showed players using items and firing an arrow while walking.
Enemies were shown with the ability to backdrop and throw their weapon at players.
The player character was able to cycle through three pieces of equipment in each hand, and his roll speed seemed to be determined by which weapons he had equipped, rather than his total equipment burden. This is a peculiar departure from the first two Souls games, wherein all equipped items counted toward your roll speed. It is also entirely possible that the roll speed of the character is based upon the over-all weight of equipment visible on the player. This would mean that if equipment is in a slot but not in the main hand it may not count towards the player's total weight.
Healing gems that regenerate health slowly are a new feature and will drop from enemies. It is unclear how common they will be. From the various gameplay demos and the network test, lifegems seem to be very common drops, though it is possible that this was only to make the demos and beta easier.
Dual wield class will have a power stance initiated instead of two handing a weapon.
Backstabs return although the animation seems to have changed. Remains to be seen how it affects other weapons.
Kick has been replaced with a shoulder shunt.
From has said starting classes have changed. The game will monitor your stat allocation and suggest a class based on your trajectory.
General
The game revolves around the mark of the curse and it's role in the cycle of life.
The game world of medieval fantasy
Exploration of the world will be vital and, thanks to a seamless map, accessible by simply walking.
No maps in hand, the player will have to rely on descriptions and observation.
The game will feature complex environments, with tricks, traps and significant height differences.
Bonfires scattered throughout the world will serve as starting points/checkpoints and as oases for recovery. The player will be able to rest by the bonfire to replenish health, Est and spells.
Human Effigy is another new concept, it is used to revive from Undead to Human, and to strengthen Bonfires, keeping invaders away temporarily. A Human player can summon Undead players, but will also be open to invasions. Though, if Undead, and depending on how strong the curse is, an invasion is more likely, so there's a focus in staying alive, human, and engaging with others in jolly co-operation!
The game will feature different motions and traits for weapons, as well as a great variety of magic and items, encouraging the player to find their own and unique playstyle.
The motion will affect the speed and rest of each blow, based on parameters such as the player's strength and ability.
Tactics such as bypass armor should also be parameter-dependent.
The expected playtime is similar to Dark Souls.
Takes place in the fictional land of Dranglaic.
Notable Differences with Dark Souls
General
You can now be invaded while hollow
Each death will lock away portions of your health bar, making it lower until a maximum of 50%
New healing items that recover health have been added. They are called "Life Gems"
New invasion and matchmaking parameters have been set. See the Online section for more information.
The Story and World are not exactly as Dark Souls. See the Lore page for more information.
The new land features pitch-black areas that require a torch. See the Locations page for more information.
The possibility of combining different upgrade paths has been added.
Spells now take away a certain amount stamina to cast
Estus flask starts with 1 use and is upgraded with shards of estus flask
Now, most enemies will stop respawning after being defeated around 15 times. After this quota is met, resting at a bonfire will not respawn them.
New Game +
Sin now carries over NG+ and further on.
A NG+ now contents many enemies that dont appear in NG, as well a series of NPC Red Phantoms who will invade the player since the first areas.
A notable difficulty has been noticed as well as an increment on enemies life and defense.. the average ending soul level for a NG is 90-130 sl.
At SL 150 including 40 faith and 40 strength, the first three enemies on NG+ appeared significantly hard even for that level.
Game Data
| Name |
DARK SOULS II ダークソウル II |
SCHOLAR OF FIRST SIN 数量限定特典 |
|
|
| Cover |
PS3 Cover |
XBOX 360 Cover |
PC Cover |
|
| Release Date |
NA: 03/11/2014 |
EU: 14/03/2014 |
JP: 13/03/2014 |
PC: 25/04/2014 |
| Genre |
Action |
RPG |
|
|
| Price |
Regular Edition:
59.99 USD
7,800 YEN
|
Black Armor Edition:
119.99 USD
12,000 YEN |
Schoalr of First Sin:
59.99 USD
6,000 YEN |
|
| Rating |
Teen |
|
|
|
| Online |
PlayStation Network |
Xbox LIVE |
|
|
| Developer |
From Software |
|
|
|
| Publisher |
From Software (Japan) |
Namco Bandai Games (Int'l) |
|
|
| Director |
Tomohiro Shibuya |
Yui Tanimura |
|
|
| Official Site |
Japanese Site |
English Site |
|
|


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