wowBook is a jQuery plugin that let's you publish a book on your website with awesome page flipping effects.
Inside the zip file you downloaded from CodeCanyon you're going to find the following directories:
| Directory | Contents |
|---|---|
| documentation | This document |
| examples | Samples showing how to use this library. |
| tools | Tools to help the developer. Currently only a tool to generate thumbnails sprite is provided. |
| developer version | the plugin's source code in its original form. Web developers can use this to inspect or customize the plugin if they want. |
| wowbook | this is the production version of wowbook, is the version that you should use to upload to your website. This is the code in the directory "developer version" after being concatenated, optimized and compressed. |
Create a wowBook in your site requires 4 steps.
1 - Find the directory 'wow_book' that comes in the zip file you downloaded from CodeCanyon. Upload this directory to your webserver document root.
2 - Include JQuery, the wowBook script and the wowBook CSS on your page:
3 - Create the book content using html. Create a div to hold the book pages. Inside that div, create one div for each page of the book.
4 - Call the plugin to turn your html into a awesome wowBook!
In this example we created a the book with 500 pixels height and a 600 pixel width. Each page will have a 300 pixels width.
You can pass as many different options as you'd like by following each one with a comma (except the last one).
Check your book. Go and see each page to check if everything is fine. Since you can put any html inside the page, it's possible that some combination could 'break' the book. The best way is to check it before put it online. Look below some points that you have to consider when design a book.
In the directory "examples/basic" you will find a "minimum" template that uses wowbook's "container" feature. If you wish you can use this template as a starting point to your project. Open the file "index.html" and customize the source code.
This example is based on the Mobile Boilerplate" project. Look at their site to learn more details about how to customize the template.
Some things to take into consideration when designing / styling your book.
To create the flip effect the plugin use css transformations. Unfortunately, browsers doesn't like when you mix css transformations with flash and video. In order to avoid any problems, put a CSS class 'wowbook-basic-page' in every page that have a flash object or a video tag. This will force the plugin to use only the basic(a.k.a boring) page flipping effect.
The gutter shadow is a div placed over the book page's content.
This can be a problem if the div is over a element that the user may interact using the mouse (like selecting a text of the page, a link or a input field). In those cases, you can:
Remove the gutter shadow
set gutterShadow configuration option to false
Put the page content above the gutter
Put the page content inside a positioned div with z-index above the gutter shadow div (a number like 10 will do the trick)
Make the gutter shadow smaller
You can use CSS to change the width of the gutter shadow
For instance, to change the width to 20 pixels, put the snippet below in you css file or inside a style tag:
.wowbook-gutter-shadow { width: 20px; }
By default wowbook will only create a book. This gives you total freedom in your webpage design, allowing you to create custom toolbar, thumbnails and table of contents (toc), etc.
But in a lot of cases that wowbook is used, there's a pattern: a book (covering all the browser window) with a toolbar, thumbnails and a table of contents.
If your case fit in this pattern, wowbook have a feature to assist you: the container.
When you set the option "container" to true, wowbook will create a container around the book element, and place all the other elements (toolbar, thubmanils, toc) inside the container. You can define if the toolbar will be positioned on the top or the bottom, the size of container, etc
Wowbook will make it responsive, ie, will resize the book to fit inside the container. And on mobile devices the toolbar will adjust to fit inside the narrow width of the device when necessary.
To enable this feature you must set the configuration option "container" to true or window. How these values affect the container size are explained in the next section.
The code snippet below shows some the properties the are related to the container.
$("#book").wowBook({ width: 1000, height: 500, // ... other configuration options ... ,container: true // valid values: true, false, window ,containerBackground: "red" ,containerHeight: 500 // any CSS height value like "90%" or "400px" ,containerPadding: "10px" ,toolbarPosition : "bottom" // default "bottom" });
There are several ways to set the container dimensions.
When you set the option "container" to window, wowbook will make the container fill up all the browser window. The book will be resized accordingly.
When the option "container" is set to "true", the container dimensions are defined by the options "containerWidth" and "containerHeight".
If "containerHeight" is not set, the height of container will be tall enough to contain the book's original height and the toolbar(if set). If you set "containerHeight", the container height will be set to the value of the option and the book will be resized to fit inside the container.
If "containerWidth" is not set, the width of container will be "100%", which is the default of all block elements. If you set "containerwidth", the container width will be set to the value of the option. In both cases the book will be resized to fit inside the container.
false - wowbook will not create a container
true - wowbook will create a container
window - wowbook will create a container that will cover the browser viewport.
To change the colors of the toolbar, table of contents and thumbnails buttons generated by wowbook, you must use CSS.
But if you don't know CSS wowbook provides a basic feature to set the colors of these elements, the configuration option "style". This option will change the color and the background color of toolbar, table of contents and thumbnails container. If you need a fine-grained control over the styles (for instance, to make the toolbar and table of contents to have different background colors), you must use CSS.
The option "style" is a javascript object. You can set the colors using a CSS color format.
The code snippet below shows all the properties of the option "style", look at the comments to see a explanation for each property.
$("#book").wowBook({ width: 1000, height: 500, // ... other configuration options ... // style option style : { color: "rgb(255,0,000)", // text/icons color background: "rgb(255,100,100)", // background color // color of the lines separating the items on the table of contents // you can set the color of 2 lines. If you only want 1 line separating // the item, use transparent as the second color separator: "rgb(255,100,100),transparent" , // set color of the buttons, controls and toc items when mouse hover them hover: { color: "rgb(255,100,100)", background: "rgb(255,100,100)" }, // set color of the buttons, controls and toc items when they are pressed active: { color: "rgba(255,100,100, 0.5)", background: "red" }, // set color of the buttons and controls when they are disabled disabled: { color: "green", background: "red" } } // style });
Wowbook gives you a configuration option called "scaleToFit" to help you make your book to adapt to various screen sizes.
Pass a jQuery Object, a dom element or a jQuery selector to this option and the plugin will create a book that fits inside this dom element dimensions.
$("#book").wowBook({ width: 1000, height: 500, scaleToFit: "#some_element" });
In the example above the book will be created and then scaled to fit inside the dimensions of "#some_element", keeping the original aspect ratio. So if "#some_element" have width of 800px and height of 500px, the book will be scaled to have 800px width and 400px height.
Now you can use CSS media queries to define the dimensions of "#some_element" for every screen/device, and the book will follow these dimensions.
If the dimensions of "#some_element" changes when the user resize the browser window (either manually or by changing the device orientation), the book scale will be updated accordingly.
Element's padding is not considered when the plugin calculates the height/width. You can use this to create space for a menu, a toolbar or a footer. For example, in the css below, the body element will have a 50px padding. If we pass the body to the plugin in the "scaleToFit" option, the book will be scaled to fit inside the browser window, but will have a 50px space around it.
/* make the body fill the whole screen */ html, body { height: 100%; margin 0; } body { /* with border-box, padding is included in the body's height/width */ -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; /* Safari/Chrome, other WebKit */ -moz-box-sizing: border-box; /* Firefox, other Gecko */ box-sizing: border-box; padding: 50px; }
When you set the configuration option "scaleToFit" to a html element, the plugin will resize the book to fit inside that element. But on mobile devices that element is usually small, which in turn makes the book very small. To better use space available wowbook has a single page mode, which (you guessed) shows only one page of the book instead of both pages.
Despite the name, single page mode(SPM) shows both pages of the spread. Except for that, everything else behaves like most people would expect from a "real" single page mode.
SPM adjusts the size of the book to show one page on the screen(or container), so there's no loss of screen space due to the visible 2 page spread. And SPM flip the pages accordingly. For instance suppose you're seeing page 1(pages 1 and 2 are visible) and you click on the "next" button. With SPM off, the book will flip to page 3(and 4), with SPM on the book will slide to the left to show you the page 2.
By customer request, is being implemented another single page mode that will show only one page at time.
When the configuration option "responsiveSinglePage" is set to true (its default), wowbook will activate single page mode(ie, will only show one page) if the criteria specified by the default single page mode detection function are met.
The default rule is activate the single page mode if the height of the container is greater than the width. If you want to change this rule, pass a function as the configuration option. This function wil receive the book instance and must return true if the single page mode must be activated or false otherwise.
Wowbook supports pdf files using the library PDF.js from Mozilla. PDF.js requires 3 files to be included but for your convenience 1 file containing all these files is provided.
The first step to use woobook with a pdf file is to include the PDFjs library. Remember to include the file before include wowbook
Now set the configuration option "pdf" to the url of the pdf file.
$("#book").wowBook({ // ... // other configuration options // ... pdf: "some_pdf_file.pdf" });
Wowbook will create the book using the page dimensions from the PDF file. If you also set the configuration option scaleToFit, the book will be resized accordingly.
THIS FEATURE IS EXPERIMENTAL - appreciate any feedback.
Wowbook has support for search in pdf files. To enable it, set the option "pdfFind" to true and include the "find" control in the toolbar.
$("#book").wowBook({ // ... // other configuration options // ... pdf: "some_pdf_file.pdf", pdfFind: true, toolbar: "back, zoomin, find" });
When pdfFind is enabled, pdf text selection is enabled as well. But this may change in the future so if you need pdf text selection set the option "pdfTextSelectable" to true to make sure that text selection is enabled.
There's a know issue with this feature: the box that highlights the searched text on the page sometimes it's misplaced by a few pixels. This problem will persist until PDFjs fix the bug.
A Lightbox is an effect that hides the current web page in the background in order to show you a new content in the foreground when you click on a link or a image.
Wowbook comes with a basic lightbox built in. To enable it you need to pass what html element(link/button/image) will be used to show the lightbox with the book inside.
Consider the following example:
In this example, the configuration option "lightbox" tells the plugin to use the button "#show_book" to show the lightbox. The book will be created but will be invisible to the user. When the user clicks on the button "#show_book" the lightbox will be shown with the book inside.
If you use the configuration option "toolbar" with lightbox, the toolbar will be created inside the lightbox. You can position the toolbar at the top or at the bottom of the lightbox using the configuration option "toolbarPosition".
When the lightbox is displayed in a mobile device the option "toolbarPosition" will be set to "bottom" to enforce better usability.
To make the book internal pages smaller than the book's cover you need to use the options "pageHeight", "pageWidth", "coverWidth" and "coverHeight".
Options "pageHeight", "pageWidth" define the size of the internal pages and "coverWidth" and "coverHeight" define the size of the covers.
The following example will create a book where the covers have 600 pixels width x 500 pixels height and internal pages 550 width x 450 height.
$('#mybook').wowBook({ coverWidth : 600, coverHeight : 500, pageWidth : 550, pageHeight : 450 });
It worth mention that if you already set options "width" and "height" you don't need to set "coverWidth" and "coverHeight". In the following example both configuration options generate identical results.
$('#mybook').wowBook({ width : 800, height : 500, pageWidth : 350, pageHeight : 450, }); $('#mybook').wowBook({ coverWidth : 400, coverHeight : 500, pageWidth : 550, pageHeight : 350 });
Note that the option "width" is 2x the size of the option "coverWidth" because the "width" defines the width of the open book (2 pages) and "coverWidth" defines the width of a single page.
Wowbook can help you to make your site/book full screen if the browser supports the Full Screen API.
First, you need to choose what element on the page will be used to occupy the whole screen. By default wowbook will use document element, which means your whole website will take the screen. If you want to change this behavior, set the configuration option "fullscreenElement"
$('#mybook').wowBook({ height : 500, width : 600, // the element "#book_container" will be show in fullscreen mode fullscreenElement: "#book_container" });
The configuration option "controls" let's you turn a html element into a button that will enable/disable full screen mode, like this:
$('#mybook').wowBook({ height : 500, width : 600, controls : { // the element "fullscreen_button" now will // enable/disable full screen mode when clicked fullscreen : "#fullscreen_button" } });
The second way is to use the plugin api, calling the methods enterFullscreen, exitFullscreen and toggleFullscreen, like the example below:
$('#mybook').wowBook({ height : 500, width : 600 }); // get the book object var book = $.wowBook("#mybook"); book.enterFullscreen(); // request the user permission to enter in fullscreen mode book.exitFullscreen(); // leave fullscreen mode book.toggleFullscreen(); // alternate between enter/exit fullscreen mode
When the browser is in fullscreen mode, wowbook will add the CSS class "fullscreen" to the following elements:
Additionally, the CSS class "wowbook-disabled" will be added to the element used in the configuration option "controls.fullscreen" when in fullscreen mode.
These changes can be used to change the style of your site. For instance, in the live preview this is used to change the image on the button "fullscreen" in the toolbar.
To enable right to left support, just set the configuration option "rtl" to true.
$('#mybook').wowBook({ height : 500, width : 600, // ... other options ... rtl: true });
You can use the api to have greater control over the book capabilites at runtime.
To use the api, you need to use the "$.wowBook" function to get the wowBook object related to the book you created.
// create the book $("#some_element").wowBook({ width: 500, height: 500 }); // get the book object reference var book = $.wowBook("#some_element"); // now you can call methods and properties book.startSlideShow(); book.stopSlideShow(); alert("This book has "+book.pages.length+" pages.");
Alternatively, you can use a jqueryUI style. To call methods:
// create the book $("#some_element").wowBook({ width: 500, height: 500 }); // get the book object reference $("#some_element").wowBook("zoom", 1);
To set and get book properties:
// get the book object reference $("#some_element").wowBook("prop", "pageHeight"); // return 500 $("#some_element").wowBook("prop", "shadows", false); // disable shadows $("#some_element").wowBook("options", "shadows", false); // 'options' works too
All the pages in the book have a associate page index. The cover has index 0, the second page has index 1, and so on. Some configuration options and methods accepts a negative page index. A negative page index is assumed to be relative to the end of the book — that is, an index of -1 indicates the last page, -2 is the second to last page, and so on.
You may need a page that expands across two pages, what we call it a "double page". Since you can't have a page that spans the whole book, you have to split the page in two pages. The good news is that wowbook can split the page for you.
You have two ways to tell wowbook when a page is a double page and should be splitted. You can add a attribute "data-double" or you can add a CSS class "double".
In the example above, the pages "page2" and "page3" will be splitted in two, leaving the book with a total of 7 pages. This is what happens when the wowbook "splits" the page "page2":
It's important to keep in mind that a clone of the element will be created, and only half of each is visible.
For instance, suppose you have a double page with a input element in the middle of the page, ie, half of the input element is on the book's left side the half is on the right side. After the cloning, the page will have 2 input elements, one for left side and other for the right side. Visually, both elements together will look like one element.
The user starts to type inside the input element. Once the text he is typing pass the input element's half, he will no longer be able to see what he is typing. The input element will look "broken" to him. The solution is to not put a input element in the middle of the book.
You can change the CSS class used to define a double page. Set the configuration option "doublePages" to a jquery selector. The plugin will consider a double page every page that matches the selector. For instance, consider the javascript below applied to the html in the previous example:
// create the book $("#book").wowBook({ width: 500, height: 500, doublePages : "#page5, .foobar" });
With the configuration above the double pages will be "page2", "page4" and "page5". The "page2" div because it has the attribute "data-double". Divs "page4" and "page5" will be considered a double page because both match the selector "#page5, .foobar".
Lazy loading allows you to defer the loading of a page contents until the page is shown. This is especially useful in books that contains a lot of images.
 Look the example below.
In the example above, when the page "page1" is shown the file "fool.html" will be loaded from th server and it's contents inserted in the page.
The page "page2" has the "data-image" attribute. That means that when the page "page2" is shown the image "foo.jpg" will be loaded and the proper img tag will be inserted in the page.
Pages "page3", "page4" and "page5" have a place holder "{{x}}" that will be replaced for the page index(index, not the page id). That means that "page3" will load the url "./foo_3.html". Because the place holder for "page4" and "page5" have 3 "x"s instead of one, the replacement will be padded with 3 zeroes. The page "page4" will load the the image in the url "./foo?image_id=004" and "page5" will load the image "./foo?image_id=005", despite having the same "data-image" attribute.
If you want to create a book in which all pages are lazy loaded, you can use the configuration options "srcs" and "images". These options works like the attributes "data-src" and "data-image", but are defined once and applied to all book pages. For example, the snippet below
Is equivalent to
To make your code even shorter, you can use the configuration option "pageCount". This option will add empty pages to the book until the book's page count reach the "pageCount" value. The code below is equivalent to the code above:
Lazy loading allows you to defer the loading of a page contents, but once the page is loaded, it stays in the memory until the book is destroyed (or the user leave your website). To minimize memory usage, you can ask wowbook to keep only a maximum number of pages in memory.
You should use this feature if your book has a lot of pages, mostly images. To enable this, use the configuration option "pagesInMemory".
In the example above, wowbook will keep 10 pages in memory.
If you want to prevent a page from being unloaded (for instance, your page may have a form) you can add a attribute "data-keep='true'" to the page's div or set the configuration option "pagesToKeep".
In the example above the first 2 pages will not be unloaded, because one have the data-keep attribute set to true and the other matches the selector in the option "pagesToKeep".
book.removePages(); // remove all pages from the book book.removePages(1); // remove the second page from the book book.removePages(-2); // remove the second-to-last page from the book book.removePages(1,3); // remove the second, third and fourth pages from the book book.removePages(-3,-1); // remove the last, penultimate and antepenultimate pages of the book
Shows the page pageIndex.
By default, this method updates the URL hash to reflect the page being shown. See page_urls for more information.
Pass the parameter updateLocationHash as false(it has to be false, not a falsy value) to prevent this.This method is not responsible for any flipping animation.
book.showPage(2); book.leftPage(0); // returns null book.leftPage(); // returns 1 because currentPage==1 book.leftPage(1); // returns 1 book.leftPage(2); // also returns 1 book.leftPage(3); // returns 3 book.leftPage(4); // returns 3
book.showPage(2); book.rightPage(0); // returns 0 book.rightPage(); // returns 2 because currentPage==1 book.rightPage(1); // returns 2 book.rightPage(2); // also returns 2 book.rightPage(3); // returns 4 book.rightPage(4); // returns 4
If there's no page on the right side of the page pageIndex, returns null.
wowBook gives you 3 types of page flipping effects:
By default, all pages are 'softpages'.
If you pass a id selector like "#foo", it will go to the page that contains the element "#foo".
If you call gotoPage during a animation or try to go to a page already visible the method does nothing.
Returns pageIndex
Although you can put the page numbers on each book's page manually, it is easier to use the automatic page numbering feature.
By default, wowbook will number all pages except the covers (both internal and external).
Wowbook makes easy to create controls to your book. There are controls to help the user nagivate the book, zoom in and out, etc. You can see the complete list below.
If you need flexibility, use the option "controls" to turn any html element into a book control. If you want to create a simple toolbar look the section "toolbar".
Use the toolbar feature to create a simple toolbar with controls to control your book. To create a toolbar you need to pass a string with a list of controls to be displayed separated by comma.
$('#mybook').wowBook({ height : 500, width : 600, toolbar : "first, back, next, last, zoomin, zoomout, slideshow, flipsound, fullscreen, thumbnails" });
Only controls on the list will be on the toolbar, in the same order that they appear on the list.
By default the toolbar will be appended in the body tag, you can change that using the configuration option "toolbarParent".
Controls "lastLeft", "left", "right" and "lastRight" are identical to the controls "first", "back", "next" and "last" on LTR books. If you're creating a RTL book use controls "lastLeft", "left", "right" and "lastRight".
| Control name | Description |
|---|---|
| lastLeft | Go to last page on the left |
| left | Go to next page on the left |
| right | Go to next page on the right |
| lastRight | Go to last page on the right |
| first | Go to first page |
| back | Go to previous page |
| next | Go to next page |
| last | Go to last page |
| zoomin | Zoom in |
| zoomout | Zoom out |
| slideshow | Start / stop slideshow/ |
| flipsound | Toggles page flip sound on/off |
| fullscreen | Toggles between enter/exit full screen |
| thumbnails | Show/hide thumbnails |
| toc | Show/hide table of contents |
| download | Download file button |
| share | Share buttons |
To set which file will be downloaded when the user clicks in the control "download", use the configuration option "downloadURL". If you set the option "pdf" to a pdf file this url this url will be used automatically as "downloadURL".
This feature is in beta. Any feedback is appreciated.
The control "share" on the toolbar creates buttons to share that by default shares de current url on social networks. Use the configuration option "share" to choose what social networks will be enabled. The share buttons will be created in the order they are listed.
$("#mybook").wowBook({ // create a toolbar with a share control toolbar: "zoomin, zoomout, share", // what networks are enabled. Default to all networks supported by wowbook share: "twitter, googleplus, facebook, stumbleupon, reddit, linkedin" });
By default the current url (which includes the current book's page) will be shared. Some social networks allows you to pass more information when sharing, for instance, twitter allows you to include a text message with the url and a twitter account (the "via" parameter). You can set these parameters (including the url that will be shared) using the configuration option "shareParams". Except for the parameter "url", all the others default to empty string.
$("#mybook").wowBook({ // create a toolbar with a share control toolbar: "zoomin, zoomout, share", // what networks are enabled. Default to all networks supported by wowbook share: "twitter, googleplus, facebook, stumbleupon, reddit, linkedin", shareParams: { url : "www.yoursite.com", // url to share, default current url text: "some text of here", // for twitter via : "foobar", // for twitter title: "title", // for stumbleupon, reddit, linkedin summary : "some summary", // for linkedin source_url: "the source url" // for linkedin } });
When the user clicks on a share button it opens another browser tab/window.
Wowbook comes with a custom icon font that contains icons from the following free icon fonts: Font Awesome and Icomoon. Only the icons used by wowbook are included on this font, greatly reducing the file size.
To choose what icon set will be applied to the toolbar use the option "toolbarIcons" with thename of the font.
Below is listed the CSS classes you can use to customize the toolbar.
If you need to customize more the book controls, Wowbook gives you complete freedom do design the controls anyway you like. See how to turn any html element into a book controls with the configuration option controls.
/* Change toolbar styles, like background color */ .wowbook-toolbar { background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #FFFFFF; box-shadow: 0 0 15px black; text-align: center; /* controls on center */ text-align: left; /* controls on left */ text-align: right; /* controls on right */ } /* Change control size to 50px */ .wowbook-control { width: 50px; height: 50px; line-height: 50px; /* needed to keep the icon/text vertically centralized */ } /* Change icon/text color and background */ .wowbook-control, .wowbook-control:visited, .wowbook-control:active { background-color: white; color: red; } /* Change icon/text color and background on hover*/ .wowbook-control:hover { background-color: yellow; color: blue; }
This options allows you to easily turn any element in a book control. Configure your book like this
$("#mybook").wowBook({ controls : { next : '#next-div', back : '#back-button', } });
And when the element "#next-div" is clicked will advance a page in the book.
All the controls available are listed in the example below.
$("#mybook").wowBook({ controls : { next : '#next', // goto next page back : '#back', // back page first : '#first', // goto first page last : '#last', // goto last page zoomIn : '#zoomIn', // zoom in zoomOut : '#zoomOut', // zoom out zoomReset : '#zoomReset', // zoom reset slideShow : '#slideShow', // starts/stop slideshow flipSound : '#flipsound', // enable/disable page flip sound thumbnails: '#thumbs', // show/hide thumbnails fullscreen: '#fullscreen',// enable/disable fullscreen mode toc : '#elem', // show/hide table of contents download : '#download' // download file button share : '#share' // share buttons } });
The control "back" will have the CSS class "wowbook-disabled" when the book is on the first page.
The same applies to the control "next" when the book is on the last page and to the control "slideshow" when slideshow is running.
When the lightbox/container is displayed in a mobile device the option "toolbarPosition" will be set to "bottom" to enforce better usability.
Wowbook can create a basic table of contents(toc) for you. But if the toc created by wowbook does not suit your needs you can create a custom toc using regular html and links on your website( see section Pages URLS ).
To create a toc you need to set the configuration option "toc". This option requires an array of arrays in the form [string, string] or [string, number]. Each pair defines a entry in the toc. The first string is the description of the entry. The second element can be a string or a number. If the second element is a string, it will be considered as a url, and when the user clicks the correspondent entry will be redirected to this url. When the second element is a number, it will be considered as page index, and when the user clicks the entry the book will flip to the referred page. Remember that the page index is not necessarily the same number on the page.
The following example will hopefully make it clear:
$('#mybook').wowBook({ height : 500, width : 600, toc: [ // creates a link to page 2 with text "go to page 2" [ "go to page 2", 2 ], // creates a link to page 4 with text "click here to page 4" [ "click here to page 4", 4 ], // remember: page index not necessarily == number on the page [ "new chapter on page 11", 10 ], // creates a link to https://duckduckgo.com [ "search on duckduckgo", "https://duckduckgo.com" ] ] });
To create a button to show/hide the toc, you can use the configuration option controls to turn a regular html element into a control, like this :
$('#mybook').wowBook({ height : 500, width : 600, toc: [ ["foo", 1], ["bar", 2], ["foobar", 3] ] controls : { // the element "toc_button" now show/hide the toc when is clicked toc : "#toc_button" } });
Wowbook can display thumbnails of your book pages. When the user click on a page thumbnail, the book will show that page. To tell the plugin to create thumbnails set the configuration option thumbnails to true. This will create the thumbnails but will not display them. To display the thumbnails you have two options. The first one is to use the configuration options controls to turn a regular html element into a control that will show/hide the thumbnails, like this :
$('#mybook').wowBook({ height : 500, width : 600, thumbnails : true, // we can omit that because 'true' is the default value to this option controls : { // the element "thumb_button" now show/hide the thumbnails when is clicked thumbs : "#thumb_button" } });
The second way is to use the plugin api, calling the methods showThumbnails, hideThumbnails and toggleThumbnails, like the example below:
$('#mybook').wowBook({ height : 500, width : 600, thumbnails : true, // we can omit that because 'true' is the default value to this option }); // get the book object var book = $.wowBook("#mybook"); book.showThumbnails(); book.hideThumbnails(); book.toggleThumbnails(); // alternate between show / hide the thumbnails
You can create the images used as thumbnails or let the plugin generate the thumbnails automatically for you.
Compared to image thumbnails, thumbnails generated by the plugin has 3 possible drawbacks:
Which method you should use? During development, let the plugin handle the thumbnails. After you site is finished, If you're not satisfied with the plugin generated thumbnails you can give your own thumbnails as images.
You have 3 ways to set the thumbnails size.
You can set using the configuration option thumbnailScale. This option is a number between 0 and 1 that specifies the proportion between the page size and the thumbnail size. For instance, if your book has a page with 400px width and 500px height, the default value of 0.2 will generate a thumbnail with 80px width and 100px height.
You can set the thumbnail size using CSS. Just set the width or height of the CSS class ".wowbook-thumbnail" and you're done. If you add this snippet to your CSS
.wowbook-thumbnail { width : 100px; /* you can also use "ems" */ }You will have thumbnails with 100px width. The height will be automatically set to keep the aspect ratio, so you only have to define the width or the height.
The third way to set the thumbnail size is using the configuration options thumbnailWidth to set the thumbnail width or "thumbnailHeight" to set the thumbnail height. Like when you use CSS, you only need to set the width OR the heigth, and the plugin will figure out the other value to keep the aspect ratio. For instance, this javascript code
$(document).ready(function(){ $('#mybook').wowBook({ height : 500, width : 600, thumbnailHeight : 100 }); });
will create thumbnails with 100px height and 60px width. The width will be automatically set to keep the aspect ratio.
The thumbnails are created inside a container element, by default this container is appended to the "body" element. You can change that by setting the configuration option "thumbnailsParent".
You can choose where the thumbnails will be placed inside the "thumbnailsParent" element using the option "thumbnailsPosition". This option can have the values "left", "right", "top" and "bottom".
You can set the dimensions of the thumbnails container using the configuration options thumbnailsContainerWidth and thumbnailsContainerHeight. Changing the dimensions of the container element and the parent's element should give you the freedom to make the thumbnails adapt to your design without problems.
Below is listed how to use CSS to customize your thumbnails.
/* Change thumbnails container styles */ .wowbook-thumbnails { background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #FFFFFF; box-shadow: 0 0 15px black; } /* Change button size to 50px */ /* When thumbnailsPosition is "left" or "right" */ .wowbook-thumbnails .wowbook-button { width: 100%; /* default */ height: 50px; } .wowbook-vertical.wowbook-thumbnails .wowbook-clipper { top: 50px; bottom: 50px; /* same as the buttons height */ } /* When thumbnailsPosition is "top" or "bottom" */ .wowbook-horizontal.wowbook-thumbnails .wowbook-button { width: 50px; height: 100%; /* default */ } .wowbook-horizontal.wowbook-thumbnails .wowbook-clipper { margin: 0 50px; /* same as the buttons width */ } /* Change a style common to both buttons */ .wowbook-thumbnails .wowbook-button { background-color: green; } /* Change the image (or anything else) of the back button */ .wowbook-thumbnails .wowbook-button.wowbook-back { background-image: url(back_button_image.png); } /* Change the image (or anything else) of the next button */ .wowbook-thumbnails .wowbook-button.wowbook-next { background-image: url(back_button_image.png); }
Here are some problems you might find while working with thumbnails
They are ugly:Browsers can generate very ugly thubmnails when scaling down the elements. Try change the thumbnails dimensions.If nothing solves, your last resort it's creating sprites.
Background images being displaced on IE8: If you try to customize the thumbnails CSS, make sure to check on IE8. One bug i found is that it misplace the background image when the element has styles zoom different from 1 and is absolute positioned.
Thumbnails are different from the book!If you are using plugin generated thumbnails and they're are different from the book, check your CSS. A thumbnail is a copy of the page, but is inside another element. Some CSS rules applied to elements inside the book may not being applied on the thumbnail. For instance, suppose you have a CSS rule like this:
#mybook h1 { color: red; font-size: 100px; }A book page with a h1 element will have a big red font. When this page is copied to the thumbnail, the h1 element will no longer be inside the "mybook" element, and it "loses" the big red font. You have to write your CSS taking this into consideration. One (not necessarily good) solution would be
#mybook h1, .wowbook-thumbnail h1 { color: red; font-size: 100px; }
wowBook has a built-in zoom feature. To let your user use it, you can use the mouseWheel option, use the "pinch gesture" on touch devices or use the api to create buttons for zooming in and out.
When the book is zoomed, the user can drag it using the mouse, 1 or 2 fingers. When the user zooms out the book, it returns to its original position.
// create the book $("#mybook").wowBook({ width: 600, height: 500 }); // get the book object var book=$.wowBook("#mybook"); // make the element "zoomin" into a zoom button $("#zoomin").click(function(){ book.zoomIn() }); // make the element "zoomout"into a zoom out button $("#zoomout").click(function(){ book.zoomOut() }); // make the element "nozoom" a remove zoom button $("#nozoom").click(function(){ book.zoom(1) });
The current zoom level, or 'how many times the book is zoomed'.
1 means no zoom, 2 means the book is magnified 2 times its normal size.
This is a read-only property, to change the zoomLevel you must use the methods zoom, zoomIn and zoomOut.
wowBook uses the HTML5 audio element to play a "flipping page" sound when the user flips a page. If the user browser does not support it, nothing happens.
If you want to change the sound file it's recommended that you provide 2 versions of the file, one in mp3 format and the other in Ogg Vorbis format. Then pass those files names in the config option "flipSoundFile".
Put those files on you server and use the flipSoundFile configuration option, like this:
$('#mybook').wowBook({ // ... other configuration options ,flipSound : true // array with the files ,flipSoundFile : ["my_sound_file.mp3", "my_sound_file.ogg" ] // where are these files. This value will be prepended in each file name. // Don't forget the ending "/" ,flipSoundPath : "www.mysite.com/sounds/" // ... other configuration options });
the browser will search for the appropriate audio file format that he supports.
To use another audio player, you can use the onPlayFlipSound callback to tell the player when to play the sound, like this:
$('#mybook').wowBook({ // ... other configuration options , onPlayFlipSound: function(book){ // ... // code that makes your player play the flip sound // ... return false; // if this callback returns false, wowBook will not play the flip sound } });
// set keys 'a' and 'b' to turn the pages of the book $("#mybook").wowBook({ keyboardNavigation : { back : 65, advance : 66 } });
Suppose you have created a wowbook in a html page whose url is 'http://example.com/example.html', and the html used to generate the book is like this:
As you know, you can create a link to the 'http://example.com/example.html' url. You can also link to a specific element in the page by appending a fragment identifier in the url (also known as "url hash"), like "http://example.com/example.html#mybook". But in both cases the user will see the book cover.
To link to a specific page inside the book, you have to follow the format
In our example, this would become
To link to a page that contains a certain element, put the element id, like this:
The advantage in linking to a element instead of page index is that you can include or remove pages from your book, but the link still points to the correct page.
And naturally, you can create internal links on the html page that contains the book. For instance, to create a table of contents of this book you can use regular anchor tags.
if true, deep linking is enabled. When deep linking is enabled, if the URL points to a specific page of the book, this page will be shown after the site is loaded. For more details see page urls.
Also works if the URL refers to a element inside the book (as you would expect).
if true, the browser url will be set to the page url when showing a page.
Every time a user turn a page in the book, the browser url will change to the page url. That way, the navigation buttons back and forward work as expected. Also, this feature allows the user to bookmark the page he is seeing and comeback later (if the configuration option deepLinking is set to true).
You can divide a wowBook into sections by defining elements inside the book that mark a section's start. When the wowBook is showing a page that contains a 'start section element', the browser url hash will be changed to "#book_element_id/section_element_id" instead of "#book_element_id/page_index".
A practical example: suppose you created a magazine, and this magazine has an article that begins on page 3 and another one that begins on page 7. In addition, you created links to each article using the id of the h1 elements, something like this:
Normally, when the user moves from page 2 to page 3 (the first page of "article 1"), the url hash in the browser address bar is set to "#myzine/5." But if you define the element "#article1" as a section start mark, the url hash will be set to "#myzine/article1."
Advancing the pages of the book sets the the url hash to "# magazine/awesome_article/2", "# magazine/awesome_article/3," and it goes this way until the next session start. The table below shows the page index and the relative url hash.
| Page index | URL Hash | |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | #myzine/ | |
| 1 | #myzine/2 | |
| 2 | #myzine/3 | |
| 3 | #myzine/article1 | |
| 4 | #myzine/article1/2 | |
| 5 | #myzine/article1/3 | |
| 6 | #myzine/article1/4 | |
| 7 | #myzine/article_y | |
| 8 | #myzine/article_y/2 | |
| 9 | #myzine/article_y/3 | |
| ... and so on ... |
To define sections look at the configuration option "sections".
For each section that you want to define in the book, you must put a element with an id at page that the section starts. Then you pass those elements to wowBook using the configuration option "section".
Pass a array containing the ids of each element.
$('#mybook').wowBook({ sections : ['#section1', '#section2'] });
Pass a string containing a jquery selector. Each element that matches the selector will be considered a start's section. Remember that all elements MUST have a id.
$('#mybook').wowBook({ sections : '.section' });
The default value for the option "sections" is ".wowbook-section", meaning that any element with this class inside the book will be considered a section beginning.
Search in the book for the sections info accordingly with the definitions passed in parameter S and stores this info at the "sections" property.
If the parameter S is provided, wowBook will set the property sectionDefinition to this value and use it trough the method. Otherwise the property sectionDefinition is used as default.
Call this method when you made something that changed the sections in the book. This method already is called when a book's page is inserted or removed, use it only if you know what you are doing.
$("#awesome_book").wowBook(); var book=$.wowBook("#awesome_book"); // get the wowBook object book.id; // book.id == 'awesome_book' // without sections book.pageToLocationHash(0); // returns "#awesome_book/" book.pageToLocationHash(1); // returns "#awesome_book/2" book.pageToLocationHash(2); // returns "#awesome_book/3" book.pageToLocationHash(3); // returns "#awesome_book/4" // with section 'foo' starting at page 2 book.pageToLocationHash(0); // returns "#awesome_book/" book.pageToLocationHash(1); // returns "#awesome_book/2" book.pageToLocationHash(2); // returns "#awesome_book/foo" book.pageToLocationHash(3); // returns "#awesome_book/foo/2"
If you have any questions about the this plugin usage or installation, please read the recommendations here and send me a email via my user page contact form here.
Part of the css and images used here are from DocumentUp and Rails guides.
...for buying this plugin. It took a huge amount of time, effort and research on it, and your purchase gives the motivation and financial support to continue this work.

Once again, thank you for your purchase!


{% extends 'registration/base.html' %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block title %} - Login {% endblock %} {% block navbar %} {% include "navbar.html" with active='login' %} {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% if form.errors %}
Your username and password didn't match. Please try again.
{% endif %} {% if next %} {% if user.is_authenticated %}Your account doesn't have access to this page. To proceed, please login with an account that has access.
{% else %}Please login to see this page.
{% endif %} {% endif %}


Matt Michalska-Smith
Liz Sander
Stefano Allesina
Mercedes Pascual
| Liz Sander | Stefano Allesina | Mercedes Pascual |
| Gyuri Barabás | Jacopo Grilli |
| Amy Henry | Joe Mihaljevic |
| Orissa Moulton | Molly Gallagher |
“Science is knowledge arranged and classified according to truth, facts, and the general laws of nature.” — Luther Burbank
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Also known as the stochastic blockmodel
A generalized form of Modularity
Seeks to find groups of strongly connecting species
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| ψ | p-value | |
|---|---|---|
| Parasites | 0.667 | 0.089 |
| Predators | 0.533 | 0.644 |
| Herbivores | 0.8 | 0.048 |
| Primary Producers | 1.0 | 0.022 |
| Overall | 0.533 | 0.005 |
| Parasites | 0.25 | 1.0 |
| Predators | 0.25 | 1.0 |
| Herbivores | 0.25 | 0.619 |
| Primary Producers | 0.25 | 1.0 |
| Overall | 0.063 | 0.695 |
7 Large, well-resolved, marine/estuarine food-webs
With/without Concomitant predation
Each species categorized:
| Concomitant Links | Degree Corrected | g | Primary Producers | Herbivores | Consumers | Parasites | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | No | 2 | 0.895*** | 0.737*** | 0.491*** | 0.421 | 0.246*** |
| 3 | 0.826** | 0.589 | 0.331*** | 0.260 | 0.120*** | ||
| 5 | 0.757*** | 0.551*** | 0.628*** | 0.430*** | 0.307*** | ||
| 10 | 0.585* | 0.448*** | 0.439*** | 0.445*** | 0.214*** | ||
| Yes | 2 | 0.874 | 0.692 | 0.660*** | 0.449*** | 0.397*** | |
| 3 | 0.815 | 0.565 | 0.381*** | 0.521*** | 0.250*** | ||
| 5 | 0.689 | 0.350 | 0.289*** | 0.559*** | 0.109*** | ||
| 10 | 0.487 | 0.145 | 0.244*** | 0.138*** | 0.027*** | ||
| Yes | No | 2 | 0.898** | 0.745*** | 0.912*** | 0.555*** | 0.555*** |
| 3 | 0.839** | 0.598 | 0.835*** | 0.603*** | 0.370*** | ||
| 5 | 0.731 | 0.440* | 0.702*** | 0.710*** | 0.327*** | ||
| 10 | 0.702*** | 0.284*** | 0.582*** | 0.343*** | 0.164*** | ||
| Yes | 2 | 0.874 | 0.709*** | 0.812*** | 0.609*** | 0.537*** | |
| 3 | 0.833** | 0.609*** | 0.564*** | 0.515*** | 0.282*** | ||
| 5 | 0.716 | 0.360 | 0.365*** | 0.506*** | 0.173*** | ||
| 10 | 0.451 | 0.198*** | 0.364*** | 0.445*** | 0.114*** |
| Concomitant Links | Degree Corrected | g | Primary Producers | Herbivores | Consumers | Parasites | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | No | 2 | 0.895*** | 0.737*** | 0.491*** | 0.421 | 0.246*** |
| 3 | 0.826** | 0.589 | 0.331*** | 0.260 | 0.120*** | ||
| 5 | 0.757*** | 0.551*** | 0.628*** | 0.430*** | 0.307*** | ||
| 10 | 0.585* | 0.448*** | 0.439*** | 0.445*** | 0.214*** | ||
| Yes | 2 | 0.874 | 0.692 | 0.660*** | 0.449*** | 0.397*** | |
| 3 | 0.815 | 0.565 | 0.381*** | 0.521*** | 0.250*** | ||
| 5 | 0.689 | 0.350 | 0.289*** | 0.559*** | 0.109*** | ||
| 10 | 0.487 | 0.145 | 0.244*** | 0.138*** | 0.027*** | ||
| Yes | No | 2 | 0.898** | 0.745*** | 0.912*** | 0.555*** | 0.555*** |
| 3 | 0.839** | 0.598 | 0.835*** | 0.603*** | 0.370*** | ||
| 5 | 0.731 | 0.440* | 0.702*** | 0.710*** | 0.327*** | ||
| 10 | 0.702*** | 0.284*** | 0.582*** | 0.343*** | 0.164*** | ||
| Yes | 2 | 0.874 | 0.709*** | 0.812*** | 0.609*** | 0.537*** | |
| 3 | 0.833** | 0.609*** | 0.564*** | 0.515*** | 0.282*** | ||
| 5 | 0.716 | 0.360 | 0.365*** | 0.506*** | 0.173*** | ||
| 10 | 0.451 | 0.198*** | 0.364*** | 0.445*** | 0.114*** |
Slides available on Michalska-Smith.com
Background and food-web animals ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ) modified from images designed by Freepik and Snap2Objects.


Kannur is one among the northernmost districts in the south western state of Kerala in India.
The old name 'Cannanore' is the anglicised form of the Malayalam word Kannur.
With the Western Ghats in the east and lakshadweep sea in the west, kannur district is bounded by a wealth of natural beauty.
It is blessed with natural beaches, hill stations, rivers, backwaters, historical monuments and religious centres. The district itself which shares much of the natural splendour has been a key contributor to the cultural, religious, political and industrial heritage of the state. In addition, Kannur enjoys the credit of having been the cradle of many a colourful folk art and folk music of Kerala.
It is rightly described as “The land of Looms and Lores” since it is well known for its handlooms.
It is also rich in traditional art and culture, being the home of Kerala folklore academy.
The gift of Kannur in the field of art and culture is its folk arts. A large number of folk plays and dances are prevalent among the scheduled caster and tribes. Each tribe has its own glorious collection of folk plays and dances which are performed during festivals. Theyyam or Theyattam is an ancient and still popular ritual dance. It’s a unique combination of dance, music and also reflects the main features of a tribal culture. Theyyam is generally performed in front of the village shrines. There are a large number of temples in Kannur where Theyyam is performed.


| |
ActiveTcl User Guide
|
|
|
- NAME
- spinbox - Create and manipulate spinbox widgets
- SYNOPSIS
- spinbox pathName ?options?
- STANDARD OPTIONS
- -activebackground,
activeBackground, Foreground
- -background or -bg,
background, Background
- -borderwidth or -bd,
borderWidth, BorderWidth
- -cursor, cursor, Cursor
- -exportselection,
exportSelection, ExportSelection
- -font, font, Font
- -foreground or -fg,
foreground, Foreground
- -highlightbackground,
highlightBackground, HighlightBackground
- -highlightcolor,
highlightColor, HighlightColor
- -highlightthickness,
highlightThickness, HighlightThickness
- -insertbackground,
insertBackground, Foreground
- -insertborderwidth,
insertBorderWidth, BorderWidth
- -insertofftime,
insertOffTime, OffTime
- -insertontime,
insertOnTime, OnTime
- -insertwidth, insertWidth,
InsertWidth
- -justify, justify,
Justify
- -relief, relief, Relief
- -repeatdelay, repeatDelay,
RepeatDelay
- -repeatinterval,
repeatInterval, RepeatInterval
- -selectbackground,
selectBackground, Foreground
- -selectborderwidth,
selectBorderWidth, BorderWidth
- -selectforeground,
selectForeground, Background
- -takefocus, takeFocus,
TakeFocus
- -textvariable,
textVariable, Variable
- -xscrollcommand,
xScrollCommand, ScrollCommand
- WIDGET-SPECIFIC
OPTIONS
- -buttonbackground,
buttonBackground, Background
- -buttoncursor,
buttonCursor, Cursor
- -buttondownrelief,
buttonDownRelief, Relief
- -buttonuprelief,
buttonUpRelief, Relief
- -command, command,
Command
- -disabledbackground,
disabledBackground, DisabledBackground
- -disabledforeground,
disabledForeground, DisabledForeground
- -format, format,
Format
- -from, from,
From
- -invalidcommand or
-invcmd, invalidCommand, InvalidCommand
- -increment, increment,
Increment
- -readonlybackground,
readonlyBackground, ReadonlyBackground
- -state, state,
State
- -to, to, To
- -validate, validate,
Validate
- -validatecommand or
-vcmd, validateCommand, ValidateCommand
- -values, values,
Values
- -width, width,
Width
- -wrap, wrap,
wrap
- DESCRIPTION
- VALIDATION
- none
- focus
- focusin
- focusout
- key
- all
- %d
- %i
- %P
- %s
- %S
- %v
- %V
- %W
- WIDGET COMMAND
- number
- anchor
- end
- insert
- sel.first
- sel.last
- @number
- pathName
bbox index
- pathName
cget option
- pathName
configure ?option? ?value option value
...?
- pathName
delete first ?last?
- pathName
get
- pathName
icursor index
- pathName
identify x y
- pathName
index index
- pathName
insert index string
- pathName
invoke element
- pathName
scan option args
- pathName scan
mark x
- pathName scan
dragto x
- pathName
selection option arg
- pathName
selection adjust index
- pathName
selection clear
- pathName
selection element ?element?
- pathName
selection from index
- pathName
selection present
- pathName
selection range start end
- pathName
selection to index
- pathName
set ?string?
- pathName
validate
- pathName
xview args
- pathName
xview
- pathName
xview index
- pathName xview
moveto fraction
- pathName xview
scroll number what
- DEFAULT
BINDINGS
- KEYWORDS
spinbox - Create and manipulate spinbox widgets
spinbox pathName ?options?
- -activebackground,
activeBackground, Foreground
- -background or -bg,
background, Background
- -borderwidth or -bd,
borderWidth, BorderWidth
- -cursor, cursor,
Cursor
- -exportselection,
exportSelection, ExportSelection
- -font, font, Font
- -foreground or -fg,
foreground, Foreground
- -highlightbackground,
highlightBackground, HighlightBackground
- -highlightcolor,
highlightColor, HighlightColor
- -highlightthickness,
highlightThickness, HighlightThickness
- -insertbackground,
insertBackground, Foreground
- -insertborderwidth,
insertBorderWidth, BorderWidth
- -insertofftime,
insertOffTime, OffTime
- -insertontime,
insertOnTime, OnTime
- -insertwidth,
insertWidth, InsertWidth
- -justify, justify,
Justify
- -relief, relief,
Relief
- -repeatdelay,
repeatDelay, RepeatDelay
- -repeatinterval,
repeatInterval, RepeatInterval
- -selectbackground,
selectBackground, Foreground
- -selectborderwidth,
selectBorderWidth, BorderWidth
- -selectforeground,
selectForeground, Background
- -takefocus, takeFocus,
TakeFocus
- -textvariable,
textVariable, Variable
- -xscrollcommand,
xScrollCommand, ScrollCommand
- Command-Line Name: -buttonbackground
- Database Name: buttonBackground
- Database Class: Background
- The background color to be used for the spin buttons.
- Command-Line Name: -buttoncursor
- Database Name: buttonCursor
- Database Class: Cursor
- The cursor to be used when over the spin buttons. If this is
empty (the default), a default cursor will be used.
- Command-Line Name: -buttondownrelief
- Database Name: buttonDownRelief
- Database Class: Relief
- The relief to be used for the upper spin button.
- Command-Line Name: -buttonuprelief
- Database Name: buttonUpRelief
- Database Class: Relief
- The relief to be used for the lower spin button.
- Command-Line Name: -command
- Database Name: command
- Database Class: Command
- Specifies a Tcl command to invoke whenever a spinbutton is
invoked. The command recognizes several percent substitutions:
%W for the widget path, %s for the current value of
the widget, and %d for the direction of the button pressed
(up or down).
- Command-Line Name: -disabledbackground
- Database Name: disabledBackground
- Database Class: DisabledBackground
- Specifies the background color to use when the spinbox is
disabled. If this option is the empty string, the normal background
color is used.
- Command-Line Name: -disabledforeground
- Database Name: disabledForeground
- Database Class: DisabledForeground
- Specifies the foreground color to use when the spinbox is
disabled. If this option is the empty string, the normal foreground
color is used.
- Command-Line Name: -format
- Database Name: format
- Database Class: Format
- Specifies an alternate format to use when setting the string
value when using the -from and -to range. This must
be a format specifier of the form %<pad>.<pad>f,
as it will format a floating-point number.
- Command-Line Name: -from
- Database Name: from
- Database Class: From
- A floating-point value corresponding to the lowest value for a
spinbox, to be used in conjunction with -to and
-increment. When all are specified correctly, the spinbox
will use these values to control its contents. This value must be
less than the -to option. If -values is specified, it
supercedes this option.
- Command-Line Name: -invalidcommand or
-invcmd
- Database Name: invalidCommand
- Database Class: InvalidCommand
- Specifies a script to eval when validateCommand returns
0. Setting it to an empty string disables this feature (the
default). The best use of this option is to set it to bell.
See Validation below for more information.
- Command-Line Name: -increment
- Database Name: increment
- Database Class: Increment
- A floating-point value specifying the increment. When used with
-from and -to, the value in the widget will be
adjusted by -increment when a spin button is pressed (up
adds the value, down subtracts the value).
- Command-Line Name: -readonlybackground
- Database Name: readonlyBackground
- Database Class: ReadonlyBackground
- Specifies the background color to use when the spinbox is
readonly. If this option is the empty string, the normal background
color is used.
- Command-Line Name: -state
- Database Name: state
- Database Class: State
- Specifies one of three states for the spinbox: normal,
disabled, or readonly. If the spinbox is readonly,
then the value may not be changed using widget commands and no
insertion cursor will be displayed, even if the input focus is in
the widget; the contents of the widget may still be selected. If
the spinbox is disabled, the value may not be changed, no insertion
cursor will be displayed, the contents will not be selectable, and
the spinbox may be displayed in a different color, depending on the
values of the -disabledforeground and
-disabledbackground options.
- Command-Line Name: -to
- Database Name: to
- Database Class: To
- A floating-point value corresponding to the highest value for
the spinbox, to be used in conjunction with -from and
-increment. When all are specified correctly, the spinbox
will use these values to control its contents. This value must be
greater than the -from option. If -values is
specified, it supercedes this option.
- Command-Line Name: -validate
- Database Name: validate
- Database Class: Validate
- Specifies the mode in which validation should operate:
none, focus,
focusin, focusout, key, or all. It
defaults to none. When you want validation, you must
explicitly state which mode you wish to use. See Validation
below for more.
- Command-Line Name: -validatecommand or
-vcmd
- Database Name: validateCommand
- Database Class: ValidateCommand
- Specifies a script to evaluate when you want to validate the
input in the widget. Setting it to an empty string disables this
feature (the default). Validation occurs according to the value of
-validate. This command must return a valid Tcl boolean
value. If it returns 0 (or the valid Tcl boolean equivalent) then
the value of the widget will not change and the
invalidCommand will be evaluated if it is set. If it returns
1, then value will be changed. See Validation below for more
information.
- Command-Line Name: -values
- Database Name: values
- Database Class: Values
- Must be a proper list value. If specified, the spinbox will use
these values as to control its contents, starting with the first
value. This option has precedence over the -from and
-to range.
- Command-Line Name: -width
- Database Name: width
- Database Class: Width
- Specifies an integer value indicating the desired width of the
spinbox window, in average-size characters of the widget's font. If
the value is less than or equal to zero, the widget picks a size
just large enough to hold its current text.
- Command-Line Name: -wrap
- Database Name: wrap
- Database Class: wrap
- Must be a proper boolean value. If on, the spinbox will wrap
around the values of data in the widget.
The spinbox command creates a new window (given by the
pathName argument) and makes it into a spinbox widget.
Additional options, described above, may be specified on the
command line or in the option database to configure aspects of the
spinbox such as its colors, font, and relief. The spinbox
command returns its pathName argument. At the time this
command is invoked, there must not exist a window named
pathName, but pathName's parent must exist.
A spinbox is an extended entry widget that allows he user to
move, or spin, through a fixed set of ascending or descending
values such as times or dates in addition to editing the value as
in an entry. When first
created, a spinbox's string is empty. A portion of the spinbox may
be selected as described below. If a spinbox is exporting its
selection (see the exportSelection option), then it will
observe the standard protocols for handling the selection; spinbox
selections are available as type STRING. Spinboxes also observe the
standard Tk rules for dealing with the input focus. When a spinbox
has the input focus it displays an insertion cursor to
indicate where new characters will be inserted.
Spinboxes are capable of displaying strings that are too long to
fit entirely within the widget's window. In this case, only a
portion of the string will be displayed; commands described below
may be used to change the view in the window. Spinboxes use the
standard xScrollCommand mechanism for interacting with
scrollbars (see the description of the xScrollCommand option
for details). They also support scanning, as described below.
Validation works by setting the validateCommand option to
a script which will be evaluated according to the validate
option as follows:
- none
- Default. This means no validation will occur.
- focus
- validateCommand will be called when the spinbox receives
or loses focus.
- focusin
- validateCommand will be called when the spinbox receives
focus.
- focusout
- validateCommand will be called when the spinbox loses
focus.
- key
- validateCommand will be called when the spinbox is
edited.
- all
- validateCommand will be called for all above
conditions.
It is posible to perform percent substitutions on the
validateCommand and invalidCommand, just as you would
in a bind script. The
following substitutions are recognized:
- %d
- Type of action: 1 for insert, 0 for delete, or -1
for focus, forced or textvariable validation.
- %i
- Index of char string to be inserted/deleted, if any, otherwise
-1.
- %P
- The value of the spinbox should edition occur. If you are
configuring the spinbox widget to have a new textvariable, this
will be the value of that textvariable.
- %s
- The current value of spinbox before edition.
- %S
- The text string being inserted/deleted, if any. Otherwise it is
an empty string.
- %v
- The type of validation currently set.
- %V
- The type of validation that triggered the callback (key,
focusin, focusout, forced).
- %W
- The name of the spinbox widget.
In general, the textVariable and validateCommand
can be dangerous to mix. Any problems have been overcome so that
using the validateCommand will not interfere with the
traditional behavior of the spinbox widget. Using the
textVariable for read-only purposes will never cause
problems. The danger comes when you try set the textVariable
to something that the validateCommand would not accept,
which causes validate to become none (the
invalidCommand will not be triggered). The same happens when
an error occurs evaluating the validateCommand.
Primarily, an error will occur when the validateCommand
or invalidCommand encounters an error in its script while
evaluating or validateCommand does not return a valid Tcl
boolean value. The validate option will also set itself to
none when you edit the spinbox widget from within either the
validateCommand or the invalidCommand. Such editions
will override the one that was being validated. If you wish to edit
the value of the widget during validation and still have the
validate option set, you should include the command
%W config -validate %v
in the validateCommand or invalidCommand
(whichever one you were editing the spinbox widget from). It is
also recommended to not set an associated textVariable
during validation, as that can cause the spinbox widget to become
out of sync with the textVariable.
The spinbox command creates a new Tcl command whose name
is pathName. This command may be used to invoke various
operations on the widget. It has the following general form:
pathName option ?arg arg ...?
Option and the args determine the exact behavior
of the command.
Many of the widget commands for spinboxes take one or more
indices as arguments. An index specifies a particular character in
the spinbox's string, in any of the following ways:
- number
- Specifies the character as a numerical index, where 0
corresponds to the first character in the string.
- anchor
- Indicates the anchor point for the selection, which is set with
the select from and select adjust widget
commands.
- end
- Indicates the character just after the last one in the
spinbox's string. This is equivalent to specifying a numerical
index equal to the length of the spinbox's string.
- insert
- Indicates the character adjacent to and immediately following
the insertion cursor.
- sel.first
- Indicates the first character in the selection. It is an error
to use this form if the selection isn't in the spinbox window.
- sel.last
- Indicates the character just after the last one in the
selection. It is an error to use this form if the selection isn't
in the spinbox window.
- @number
- In this form, number is treated as an x-coordinate in
the spinbox's window; the character spanning that x-coordinate is
used. For example, ``@0'' indicates the left-most character
in the window.
Abbreviations may be used for any of the forms above, e.g.
``e'' or ``sel.f''. In general, out-of-range indices
are automatically rounded to the nearest legal value.
The following commands are possible for spinbox widgets:
- pathName bbox index
- Returns a list of four numbers describing the bounding box of
the character given by index. The first two elements of the
list give the x and y coordinates of the upper-left corner of the
screen area covered by the character (in pixels relative to the
widget) and the last two elements give the width and height of the
character, in pixels. The bounding box may refer to a region
outside the visible area of the window.
- pathName cget
option
- Returns the current value of the configuration option given by
option. Option may have any of the values accepted by
the spinbox command.
- pathName configure ?option?
?value option value ...?
- Query or modify the configuration options of the widget. If no
option is specified, returns a list describing all of the
available options for pathName (see Tk_ConfigureInfo for information
on the format of this list). If option is specified with no
value, then the command returns a list describing the one
named option (this list will be identical to the corresponding
sublist of the value returned if no option is specified). If
one or more option-value pairs are specified, then the
command modifies the given widget option(s) to have the given
value(s); in this case the command returns an empty string.
Option may have any of the values accepted by the
spinbox command.
- pathName delete first
?last?
- Delete one or more elements of the spinbox. First is the
index of the first character to delete, and last is the
index of the character just after the last one to delete. If
last isn't specified it defaults to first+1, i.e. a
single character is deleted. This command returns an empty
string.
- pathName get
- Returns the spinbox's string.
- pathName icursor
index
- Arrange for the insertion cursor to be displayed just before
the character given by index. Returns an empty string.
- pathName identify x
y
- Returns the name of the window element corresponding to
coordinates x and y in the spinbox. Return value is
one of: none, buttondown, buttonup, entry.
- pathName index
index
- Returns the numerical index corresponding to index.
- pathName insert index
string
- Insert the characters of string just before the
character indicated by index. Returns an empty string.
- pathName invoke
element
- Causes the specified element, either buttondown or
buttonup, to be invoked, triggering the action associated
with it.
- pathName scan option
args
- This command is used to implement scanning on spinboxes. It has
two forms, depending on option:
- pathName scan mark
x
- Records x and the current view in the spinbox window;
used in conjunction with later scan dragto commands.
Typically this command is associated with a mouse button press in
the widget. It returns an empty string.
- pathName scan dragto
x
- This command computes the difference between its x
argument and the x argument to the last scan mark
command for the widget. It then adjusts the view left or right by
10 times the difference in x-coordinates. This command is typically
associated with mouse motion events in the widget, to produce the
effect of dragging the spinbox at high speed through the window.
The return value is an empty string.
- pathName selection option
arg
- This command is used to adjust the selection within a spinbox.
It has several forms, depending on option:
- pathName selection adjust
index
- Locate the end of the selection nearest to the character given
by index, and adjust that end of the selection to be at
index (i.e including but not going beyond index). The
other end of the selection is made the anchor point for future
select to commands. If the selection isn't currently in the
spinbox, then a new selection is created to include the characters
between index and the most recent selection anchor point,
inclusive. Returns an empty string.
- pathName selection clear
- Clear the selection if it is currently in this widget. If the
selection isn't in this widget then the command has no effect.
Returns an empty string.
- pathName selection element
?element?
- Sets or gets the currently selected element. If a spinbutton
element is specified, it will be displayed depressed.
- pathName selection from
index
- Set the selection anchor point to just before the character
given by index. Doesn't change the selection. Returns an
empty string.
- pathName selection present
- Returns 1 if there is are characters selected in the spinbox, 0
if nothing is selected.
- pathName selection range
start end
- Sets the selection to include the characters starting with the
one indexed by start and ending with the one just before
end. If end refers to the same character as
start or an earlier one, then the spinbox's selection is
cleared.
- pathName selection to
index
- If index is before the anchor point, set the selection
to the characters from index up to but not including the
anchor point. If index is the same as the anchor point, do
nothing. If index is after the anchor point, set the
selection to the characters from the anchor point up to but not
including index. The anchor point is determined by the most
recent select from or select adjust command in this
widget. If the selection isn't in this widget then a new selection
is created using the most recent anchor point specified for the
widget. Returns an empty string.
- pathName set
?string?
- If string is specified, the spinbox will try and set it
to this value, otherwise it just returns the spinbox's string. If
validation is on, it will occur when setting the string.
- pathName validate
- This command is used to force an evaluation of the
validateCommand independent of the conditions specified by
the validate option. This is done by temporarily setting the
validate option to all. It returns 0 or 1.
- pathName xview args
- This command is used to query and change the horizontal
position of the text in the widget's window. It can take any of the
following forms:
- pathName xview
- Returns a list containing two elements. Each element is a real
fraction between 0 and 1; together they describe the horizontal
span that is visible in the window. For example, if the first
element is .2 and the second element is .6, 20% of the spinbox's
text is off-screen to the left, the middle 40% is visible in the
window, and 40% of the text is off-screen to the right. These are
the same values passed to scrollbars via the -xscrollcommand
option.
- pathName xview
index
- Adjusts the view in the window so that the character given by
index is displayed at the left edge of the window.
- pathName xview moveto
fraction
- Adjusts the view in the window so that the character
fraction of the way through the text appears at the left
edge of the window. Fraction must be a fraction between 0
and 1.
- pathName xview scroll number
what
- This command shifts the view in the window left or right
according to number and what. Number must be
an integer. What must be either units or pages
or an abbreviation of one of these. If what is units,
the view adjusts left or right by number average-width
characters on the display; if it is pages then the view
adjusts by number screenfuls. If number is negative
then characters farther to the left become visible; if it is
positive then characters farther to the right become visible.
Tk automatically creates class bindings for spinboxes that give
them the following default behavior. In the descriptions below,
``word'' refers to a contiguous group of letters, digits, or ``_''
characters, or any single character other than these.
- [1]
- Clicking mouse button 1 positions the insertion cursor just
before the character underneath the mouse cursor, sets the input
focus to this widget, and clears any selection in the widget.
Dragging with mouse button 1 strokes out a selection between the
insertion cursor and the character under the mouse.
- [2]
- Double-clicking with mouse button 1 selects the word under the
mouse and positions the insertion cursor at the beginning of the
word. Dragging after a double click will stroke out a selection
consisting of whole words.
- [3]
- Triple-clicking with mouse button 1 selects all of the text in
the spinbox and positions the insertion cursor before the first
character.
- [4]
- The ends of the selection can be adjusted by dragging with
mouse button 1 while the Shift key is down; this will adjust the
end of the selection that was nearest to the mouse cursor when
button 1 was pressed. If the button is double-clicked before
dragging then the selection will be adjusted in units of whole
words.
- [5]
- Clicking mouse button 1 with the Control key down will position
the insertion cursor in the spinbox without affecting the
selection.
- [6]
- If any normal printing characters are typed in a spinbox, they
are inserted at the point of the insertion cursor.
- [7]
- The view in the spinbox can be adjusted by dragging with mouse
button 2. If mouse button 2 is clicked without moving the mouse,
the selection is copied into the spinbox at the position of the
mouse cursor.
- [8]
- If the mouse is dragged out of the spinbox on the left or right
sides while button 1 is pressed, the spinbox will automatically
scroll to make more text visible (if there is more text off-screen
on the side where the mouse left the window).
- [9]
- The Left and Right keys move the insertion cursor one character
to the left or right; they also clear any selection in the spinbox
and set the selection anchor. If Left or Right is typed with the
Shift key down, then the insertion cursor moves and the selection
is extended to include the new character. Control-Left and
Control-Right move the insertion cursor by words, and
Control-Shift-Left and Control-Shift-Right move the insertion
cursor by words and also extend the selection. Control-b and
Control-f behave the same as Left and Right, respectively. Meta-b
and Meta-f behave the same as Control-Left and Control-Right,
respectively.
- [10]
- The Home key, or Control-a, will move the insertion cursor to
the beginning of the spinbox and clear any selection in the
spinbox. Shift-Home moves the insertion cursor to the beginning of
the spinbox and also extends the selection to that point.
- [11]
- The End key, or Control-e, will move the insertion cursor to
the end of the spinbox and clear any selection in the spinbox.
Shift-End moves the cursor to the end and extends the selection to
that point.
- [12]
- The Select key and Control-Space set the selection anchor to
the position of the insertion cursor. They don't affect the current
selection. Shift-Select and Control-Shift-Space adjust the
selection to the current position of the insertion cursor,
selecting from the anchor to the insertion cursor if there was not
any selection previously.
- [13]
- Control-/ selects all the text in the spinbox.
- [14]
- Control-\ clears any selection in the spinbox.
- [15]
- The F16 key (labelled Copy on many Sun workstations) or Meta-w
copies the selection in the widget to the clipboard, if there is a
selection.
- [16]
- The F20 key (labelled Cut on many Sun workstations) or
Control-w copies the selection in the widget to the clipboard and
deletes the selection. If there is no selection in the widget then
these keys have no effect.
- [17]
- The F18 key (labelled Paste on many Sun workstations) or
Control-y inserts the contents of the clipboard at the position of
the insertion cursor.
- [18]
- The Delete key deletes the selection, if there is one in the
spinbox. If there is no selection, it deletes the character to the
right of the insertion cursor.
- [19]
- The BackSpace key and Control-h delete the selection, if there
is one in the spinbox. If there is no selection, it deletes the
character to the left of the insertion cursor.
- [20]
- Control-d deletes the character to the right of the insertion
cursor.
- [21]
- Meta-d deletes the word to the right of the insertion
cursor.
- [22]
- Control-k deletes all the characters to the right of the
insertion cursor.
- [23]
- Control-t reverses the order of the two characters to the right
of the insertion cursor.
If the spinbox is disabled using the -state option, then
the spinbox's view can still be adjusted and text in the spinbox
can still be selected, but no insertion cursor will be displayed
and no text modifications will take place.
The behavior of spinboxes can be changed by defining new
bindings for individual widgets or by redefining the class
bindings.
spinbox, entry, widget
Copyright © 2000 Jeffrey Hobbs.
Copyright © 2000 Ajuba Solutions.
Copyright © 1995-1997 Roger E. Critchlow Jr.


Olympic Success & Wealth of Nations
This is a reimagination of a Gapminder visualization made famous by Hans Rosling to show the relationship between income and Olympic success. It shows GDP per capita, PPP & inflation-adjusted in USD (x), cumulative Summer Olympic medal count (y) and population (area of circle) of 194 nations over the last 123 years, colored by region.
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia
Middle East & North Africa
America
Europe & Central Asia
East Asia & Pacific


ICYMI #212: Apple 16″ MacBook Pro, Asus Zenbook Pro Duo Malaysia, Motorola RAZR & more!
by Raywen OngIf you need a laptop with 2 screens, the Asus Zenbook pro duo might be the device for you and it is now available in Malaysia. And Apple has released their latest MacBook Pro that has a 16” display. But what other improvements has apple made to their latest laptop? Let’s find out on today’s episode of ICYMI.
Apple 16″ MacBook Pro
Apple has officially introduced their latest Macbook Pro and it has a large 16”display! But this isn’t just a bigger MacBook Pro. Apple has made some significant changes that fixes the issues on the 15” MacBook Pro. For more information, click here.
Asus ZenBook Pro Duo Malaysia
Want a laptop with two screens? Well the Asus ZenBook Pro Duo is now available in Malaysia.
Motorola RAZR
The Motorola RAZR is finally here!! And this time it has made a comeback as a foldable smartphone.
Microsoft Surface Pro 7 & Surface Laptop 3
If you are a fan of the Microsoft surface I have some good news for you. The company has just announced that their brand new line of Surface products and they are the Surface Laptop 3 and the Surface Pro 7.


Extinction Rebellion plan to set off fire alarms and air raid sirens in General Election campaign
Environmental activists say they want to give "Give Boris an early wake up alarm" and plot disruption in public buildings
by Max ChannonExtinction Rebellion is reportedly planning to set off alarms in public buildings and offices as part of a "12 days of crisis" campaign during the run up to December's General Election, according to plans seen by journalists.
The plan has been discussed in chats, seen by LBC, on heavily encrypted messenger service Telegram.
"Could setting off fire alarms in certain buildings perhaps be made part of this action?" asked the ER supporter.
"Enter building, eg. a bank or govt office and set off the fire alarm.
Regarding the air raid siren plan, one organiser said: "For max disruption, you could set the siren off and then leave it in some locked box or container. Would be good in prominent places like outside Parliament, Downing St etc.
"Give Boris an early wake up alarm."
However, the air raid siren has divided opinion, with some ER supporters suggesting it could lose public support.
One said: "I really like the idea of raising the flag and raising the alarm, but I worry that literally setting off air raid sirens will scare loads and loads of people and might do more harm than good.
"I know for sure that if I was in town and heard an air raid siren go off, that I would run for cover."
However, another said: "I know what you mean, but I mean, the planet is dying - that is f****** scary!"
LBC has contacted Extinction Rebellion for a response.


git-remote - Manage set of tracked repositories
git remote [-v | --verbose] git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--[no-]tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url> git remote rename <old> <new> git remote remove <name> git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>) git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>... git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>] git remote set-url --add [--push] <name> <newurl> git remote set-url --delete [--push] <name> <url> git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>... git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>... git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]
Manage the set of repositories ("remotes") whose branches you track.
-v, --verbose
Be a little more verbose and show remote url after name. NOTE: This must be placed between remote and subcommand.
With no arguments, shows a list of existing remotes. Several subcommands are available to perform operations on the remotes.
add
Adds a remote named <name> for the repository at <url>. The command git fetch <name> can then be used to create and update remote-tracking branches <name>/<branch>.
With -f option, git fetch <name> is run immediately after the remote information is set up.
With --tags option, git fetch <name> imports every tag from the remote repository.
With --no-tags option, git fetch <name> does not import tags from the remote repository.
With -t <branch> option, instead of the default glob refspec for the remote to track all branches under the refs/remotes/<name>/ namespace, a refspec to track only <branch> is created. You can give more than one -t <branch> to track multiple branches without grabbing all branches.
With -m <master> option, a symbolic-ref refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD is set up to point at remote(cqs <master> branch. See also the set-head command.
When a fetch mirror is created with --mirror=fetch, the refs will not be stored in the refs/remotes/ namespace, but rather everything in refs/ on the remote will be directly mirrored into refs/ in the local repository. This option only makes sense in bare repositories, because a fetch would overwrite any local commits.
When a push mirror is created with --mirror=push, then git push will always behave as if --mirror was passed.
rename
Rename the remote named <old> to <new>. All remote-tracking branches and configuration settings for the remote are updated.
In case <old> and <new> are the same, and <old> is a file under $GIT_DIR/remotes or $GIT_DIR/branches, the remote is converted to the configuration file format.
remove, rm
Remove the remote named <name>. All remote-tracking branches and configuration settings for the remote are removed.
set-head
Sets or deletes the default branch (i.e. the target of the symbolic-ref refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD) for the named remote. Having a default branch for a remote is not required, but allows the name of the remote to be specified in lieu of a specific branch. For example, if the default branch for origin is set to master, then origin may be specified wherever you would normally specify origin/master.
With -d or --delete, the symbolic ref refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD is deleted.
With -a or --auto, the remote is queried to determine its HEAD, then the symbolic-ref refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD is set to the same branch. e.g., if the remote HEAD is pointed at next, "git remote set-head origin -a" will set the symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD to refs/remotes/origin/next. This will only work if refs/remotes/origin/next already exists; if not it must be fetched first.
Use <branch> to set the symbolic-ref refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD explicitly. e.g., "git remote set-head origin master" will set the symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD to refs/remotes/origin/master. This will only work if refs/remotes/origin/master already exists; if not it must be fetched first.
set-branches
Changes the list of branches tracked by the named remote. This can be used to track a subset of the available remote branches after the initial setup for a remote.
The named branches will be interpreted as if specified with the -t option on the git remote add command line.
With --add, instead of replacing the list of currently tracked branches, adds to that list.
set-url
Changes URL remote points to. Sets first URL remote points to matching regex <oldurl> (first URL if no <oldurl> is given) to <newurl>. If <oldurl> doesn(cqt match any URL, error occurs and nothing is changed.
With --push, push URLs are manipulated instead of fetch URLs.
With --add, instead of changing some URL, new URL is added.
With --delete, instead of changing some URL, all URLs matching regex <url> are deleted. Trying to delete all non-push URLs is an error.
show
Gives some information about the remote <name>.
With -n option, the remote heads are not queried first with git ls-remote <name>; cached information is used instead.
prune
Deletes all stale remote-tracking branches under <name>. These stale branches have already been removed from the remote repository referenced by <name>, but are still locally available in "remotes/<name>".
With --dry-run option, report what branches will be pruned, but do not actually prune them.
update
Fetch updates for a named set of remotes in the repository as defined by remotes.<group>. If a named group is not specified on the command line, the configuration parameter remotes.default will be used; if remotes.default is not defined, all remotes which do not have the configuration parameter remote.<name>.skipDefaultUpdate set to true will be updated. (See git-config(1)).
With --prune option, prune all the remotes that are updated.
The remote configuration is achieved using the remote.origin.url and remote.origin.fetch configuration variables. (See git-config(1)).
h'-04'(buh'+03'c
Add a new remote, fetch, and check out a branch from it
$ git remote origin $ git branch -r origin/HEAD -> origin/master origin/master $ git remote add staging git://git.kernel.org/.../gregkh/staging.git $ git remote origin staging $ git fetch staging ... From git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging * [new branch] master -> staging/master * [new branch] staging-linus -> staging/staging-linus * [new branch] staging-next -> staging/staging-next $ git branch -r origin/HEAD -> origin/master origin/master staging/master staging/staging-linus staging/staging-next $ git checkout -b staging staging/master ...
h'-04'(buh'+03'c
Imitate git clone but track only selected branches
$ mkdir project.git $ cd project.git $ git init $ git remote add -f -t master -m master origin git://example.com/git.git/ $ git merge origin
git-fetch(1) git-branch(1) git-config(1)
Part of the git(1) suite


All link groups that have the same url must have the same accessible name
Group 1: Same accessible name: child text content
Group 2: Same accessible name: aria-label and child text content
Group 3: Same accessible name: aria-label and child text content
Group 4: Same accessible name: aria-label, child text content, and image link alt
- Group 4: Same
- Group 4: Different A
Group 4: Same
Group 5: 2 Links have same accessible name and 1 link has a different accessible name: child text content
Group 6: 3 Different accessible names: child text content
Group 7: Different accessible names: child text content and aria-label
Group 8: Different accessible names: child text content, aria-labelledby, and image link alt
- Group 8: Different A
- Group 8: Different C
Group 8: Different B


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Enter two binary strings ('1's and '0's only) in the input filed, below
Standard logical operations are displayed
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|
{{ BLCurrent_1 }}
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{{ "-".repeat(BLUnderline) }}
{{ Bit_Logic_Result_OR }}
|
{{ BLCurrent_1 }}
and {{ BLCurrent_2 }}
{{ "-".repeat(BLUnderline) }}
{{ Bit_Logic_Result_AND }}
|
|
not {{ Bit_Logic_Input_1 }}
{{ "-".repeat(Bit_Logic_Input_1.length) }}
{{ Bit_Logic_Result_NOT1 }}
|
not {{ Bit_Logic_Input_2 }}
{{ "-".repeat(Bit_Logic_Input_2.length) }}
{{ Bit_Logic_Result_NOT2 }}
|
Enter two binary strings ('1's and '0's only) in the input filed, below
Standard add operation is displayed with answer in base 2, 10, and 16
Note: entered bit strings are sign-extended in the output if the 2 bit strings are different lengths
|
{{ BACurrent_1 }}
+ {{ BACurrent_2 }}
{{ "-".repeat(BAUnderline) }}
{{ Bit_Arith_Result_Add }}
Binary: {{ Bit_Arith_Result_Add }} 2
Decimal: {{ Bit_Arith_Result_Decimal }} 10
Hexidecimal: 0x{{ Bit_Arith_Result_Hex.toUpperCase() }} 16
ASCII: {{ Bit_Arith_Result_Ascii }}
|


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See: Description
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| FileCachingHttpClientBuilder |
An
HttpClient builder that supports RFC 2616 caching. |
| FileCachingHttpClientBuilder.StorageMaintenanceTask |
Scheduled task to manage an instance of
ManagedHttpCacheStorage . |
| FileCachingHttpClientBuilder.StorageManagingHttpClient |
Class which wraps a caching instance of
CloseableHttpClient and its associated
ManagedHttpCacheStorage , and manages the scheduled maintenance and lifecycle of the latter. |
| HttpClientBuilder |
Builder used to construct
HttpClient objects configured with particular settings. |
| HttpClientSupport |
Support class for using
HttpClient and related components. |
| IdleConnectionSweeper |
A utility that periodically closes idle connections held by an
HttpClientConnectionManager . |
| InMemoryCachingHttpClientBuilder |
An
HttpClient builder that supports RFC 2616 caching. |
| RequestConnectionClose |
Adds a
Connection: close to all HTTP/1.1 requests. |
| TLSSocketFactory |
An implementation of HttpClient
LayeredConnectionSocketFactory that is a factory
for TLS sockets. |
| TLSSocketFactoryBuilder |
A builder for instances of
TLSSocketFactory which allows easy specification
of the full range of supported factory inputs. |
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