KEEP()
KEEP(document, attributeName1, attributeName2, ... attributeNameN) → doc
Keep only the attributes attributeName to attributeNameN of document.
All other attributes will be removed from the result.
- document (object): a document / object
- attributeNames (string, repeatable): an arbitrary number of attribute
names as multiple arguments
- returns doc (object): a document with only the specified attributes on
the top-level
KEEP(doc, "firstname", "name", "likes")
KEEP(document, attributeNameArray) → doc
- document (object): a document / object
- attributeNameArray (array): an array of attribute names as strings
- returns doc (object): a document with only the specified attributes on
the top-level
KEEP(doc, [ "firstname", "name", "likes" ])


BROKEN ARROW (1996)
A film review by Steve Kong Copyright 1997 Steve Kong
If you know me well enough, you know that I'm a big John Woo fan. And this makes it hard for me to review his films. I'll try to put this bias aside for this review of his second US film.
Two Air Force officers take up a B-3 experimental bomber with two nuclear bombs in the bomb bay. They are going to be flying over the Utah while being tracked by a ground station to see if they can be caught. Riley Hale (Christian Slater) slyly says before take-off, "When the time comes that we have to go to war against Utah, we are really going to kick ass, you know?" During mid-flight Vic Deakins (John Travolta) tries to kill his co-pilot Riley Hale in order to jettison the nuclear bombs. We find out later that Deakins is working with a businessman, Mr. Pritchett (Bob Gunton), and they plan to make a load of cash with these nuclear devices.
Something goes wrong during the mid-flight fight and Hale is ejected while Deakins jettisons the bombs and also ejects. Hale meets up with a park ranger (Samantha Mathis) and together they try to stop Deakins and his band of military men from taking off with the nuclear weapons.
The script is by Graham Yost, whose last script was Speed. Yost, who as we've seen with Speed and now with Broken Arrow, is not a great writer. His scripts need the help of a good director to come out on top, and with both Speed (directed by Jan De Bont) and now Broken Arrow, he got what he needed, and the films come out on top. Yost needs to work on writing more believable and less silly dialogue (while running down a hill to catch some Humvees carrying the nukes, Mathis' character says to herself, "This isn't a good idea." Duh..) What we don't see in Broken Arrow, as we do in Woo's previous Hong Kong releases and in Face/Off, is the blurred difference between the good and bad characters. In Broken Arrow the characters are either good or bad.
Woo looks to have gotten more freedom on this project he did in his debut US film Hard Target. He pulls out his bag of tricks and uses them to the fullest. These included the-endless-gun-magazine, the slow-mo, and the double-fisted gunfights. These all make for incredibly fun action that is visually inspiring.
Worth mentioning is Hans Zimmer's score for the film. He knows how to create themes for characters, and he shows this with his very memorable theme for John Travolta's character Vic Deakins.
Broken Arrow is a loud, sometimes dumb, movie about two dueling Air Force pilots, which is basically a long chase movie. Suspension of disbelief is a necessity for this film, but if you can suspend your disbelief, Broken Arrow can be enjoyed for its amazing and visually stunning action.
!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=! steve kong<EMAIL_ADDRESS>come visit the hard boiled movie page http://boiled.sbay.org/boiled/ !=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!=!
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
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|
| static double | radians (const double x) |
| | Conversion of angle from degrees to radians. More...
|
| |
| static double | degrees (const double x) |
| | Conversion of angle from radians to degrees. More...
|
| |
| static int | nint (const double x) |
| | Conversion of a real number to its nearest integer. More...
|
| |
| static std::string | trim_char (std::string str, const char c) |
| | Remove the specified leading and trailing character from a string. More...
|
| |
| static std::string | trim (std::string str) |
| | Remove the leading and trailing spaces from a string. More...
|
| |
| static std::string | trim_line_breaks (std::string str) |
| | Remove the leading and trailing linebreaks from a string. More...
|
| |
| static std::string | double_to_string (const double x) |
| | Conversion of a real number to a formatted string. More...
|
| |
| template<typename T > |
| static std::string | int_to_string (const T i, const char fillchar, const int length) |
| | Conversion of an integer to a formatted string. More...
|
| |
| static std::string | file_to_string (const std::string &fname) |
| | Reads a text file into a string. More...
|
| |
| static int | sign_int (const int x) |
| | Sign flag. More...
|
| |
| template<typename T > |
| static int | sign_eqt (const T x, const double EQT) |
| | Sign flag with tolerance on zero. More...
|
| |
| static RetQuad | solve_quadratic (const double a, const double b, const double c, const double EQT) |
| | Finds (real) solutions of a quadratic equation: . More...
|
| |
| static void | find_line (std::ifstream &istr, const std::string &str) |
| | Searches forward in a text file to locate a given line. More...
|
| |
| static void | find_word (std::ifstream &istr, const std::string &str) |
| | Searches forward in a text file to locate a given word. More...
|
| |
| template<typename T > |
| static size_t | bisect (const double x, const T &v, size_t ilow, size_t ihigh) |
| | Locates a value in an ordered table by bisecting bracketing interval. More...
|
| |
| template<typename T > |
| static void | bracket (const double x, const T &v, const size_t imax, size_t &ilow, size_t &ihigh) |
| | Brackets a value in an ordered table. More...
|
| |
| template<typename T > |
| static size_t | nearest (const double x, const T &v, const size_t n, const size_t i) |
| | Locates a value in an ordered table, nearest to a given value, by bisection of a bracketing interval. More...
|
| |
| template<typename T > |
| static size_t | nearest_exh (const double x, const T &v, const size_t n) |
| | Locates a value in a table, nearest to a given value, by exhaustive search. More...
|
| |
| static std::string | fname_root (const std::string &material, const std::string &te_str, const std::string &tr_str, const std::string &ne_str) |
| | Builds a string containing given material, and values for Te, Tr, Ne. More...
|
| |
| template<typename T > |
| static void | load_array (const std::string &fname, const size_t n, const size_t jmin, const size_t jmax, T &v) |
| | Loads a range of values from a file into an array. More...
|
| |
| static void | load_eos (const std::string &fname, const size_t n, std::vector< double > &v, double &zbar) |
| | Loads EOS data from a file. More...
|
| |
| static double | ne_charge_neut (const double np, const unsigned short int nmat, const std::vector< double > &fp, const std::vector< double > &zb) |
| | Electron number density from charge neutrality constraint. More...
|
| |
| static int | ndigits (const size_t i) |
| | Number of digits needed to display an integer. More...
|
| |
| static double | fitlin (const double x, const double x1, const double y1, const double x2, const double y2) |
| | Linear interpolation and extrapolation around two given points. More...
|
| |
| static double | fitpoint (const double x, const double x1, const double y1, const double x2, const double y2, const std::string &xmode, const std::string &ymode) |
| | Interpolation and extrapolation around two given points. More...
|
| |
| static std::vector< double > | get_grid (const double xlow, const double xhigh, const size_t n, const std::string &mode, const bool add_zero) |
| | Generates a grid of values from a range, and size of grid. More...
|
| |
| template<typename Txin , typename Tyin , typename Txout , typename Tyout > |
| static void | syngrids (const Txin &xin, const Tyin &yin, const size_t NIN, const std::string &xmode, const std::string &ymode, const Txout &xout, Tyout &yout, const size_t NOUT) |
| | Synchronizes grids (interpolates one data set onto another) More...
|
| |
| template<typename Thv , typename Tsc , typename Txout , typename Tyout > |
| static void | scale_y (const Thv &hv, const Tsc &sc, const size_t NIN, const std::string &xmode, const std::string &ymode, const Txout &xout, Tyout &yout, const size_t NOUT) |
| | Rescales ordinates according to a given set of scale factors (flat extrapolation off the edges) More...
|
| |
| template<typename Thvold , typename Thvnew , typename Txold , typename Txnew > |
| static void | shift_x (const Thvold &hvold, const Thvnew &hvnew, const size_t NIN, const Txold &xold, Txnew &xnew, const size_t NOUT) |
| | Moves ordinates according to a given set of new positions (linear extrapolation off the edges) More...
|
| |
| template<typename Thvold , typename Tsc , typename Thvnew , typename Txin , typename Tyin , typename Txout , typename Tyout > |
| static void | rescale (const Thvold &hvold, const Tsc &sc, const Thvnew &hvnew, const size_t NHV, const Txin &xin, Tyin yin, const size_t NIN, const std::string &xmode, const std::string &ymode, const Txout &xout, Tyout &yout, const size_t NOUT) |
| | Rescales y, shifts x, places this new xy onto the given x grid. More...
|
| |
| static void | first_difference (const std::string &s1, const std::string &s2) |
| | Locates and prints the first different character between two strings. More...
|
| |
| static double | planckian (const double hv, const double tev) |
| | Planckian source function. More...
|
| |
| static std::string | bool_to_string (const bool b) |
| | Converts true/false into a string. More...
|
| |
| static bool | string_to_bool (std::string b) |
| | Converts strings used to represent true/false into Boolean. More...
|
| |
| static size_t | many_to_one (const std::vector< size_t > &dim, const std::vector< size_t > &indx) |
| | Indirect indexing: an array of indices -> a single index. More...
|
| |
| static std::vector< size_t > | one_to_many (const std::vector< size_t > &dim, size_t j) |
| | Indirect indexing: a single index -> an array of indices. More...
|
| |
| static size_t | two_to_one (const std::vector< size_t > &dim, const std::pair< size_t, size_t > p) |
| | Indirect indexing: a pair of indices -> a single index. More...
|
| |
| static std::pair< size_t, size_t > | one_to_two (const std::vector< size_t > &dim, size_t j) |
| | Indirect indexing: a single index -> a pair of indices. More...
|
| |
| static double | gaussian (const double x, const double mu, const double sigma) |
| | Normalized Gaussian distribution function. More...
|
| |
| template<typename Tx , typename Ty > |
| static double | integrate_trapezoid (double a, double b, const Tx &x, const Ty &y, const size_t n) |
| | Integrate a tabulated function by trapezoidal rule. More...
|
| |
| template<typename Txin , typename Tyin , typename Txout , typename Tyout > |
| static void | convolution (const double fwhm, const Txin &xin, const Tyin &yin, const Txout &xout, Tyout &yout) |
| | Convolve a tabulated function f with a normalized Gaussian g. More...
|
| |
| static bool | is_contained_in (const double x, const std::vector< std::pair< double, double > > &r) |
| | Detect if a given number is contained within a set of intervals. More...
|
| |
| static void | replace_in_string (std::string &s, const std::string &old, const std::string &rep) |
| | Replaces a substring,
throws an exception if "old" is not present in "s". More...
|
| |
| static std::vector< double > | normalize (const std::vector< double > &f, const double n=1.0) |
| | Normalize vector elements to add up to a given number (default = 1) More...
|
| |


{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load staticfiles %}
{% block title %}Prescreen{% endblock %}
{% block main %}
Prescreen Task
First, we'll do a prescreening task.
Answer the following questions carefully and correctly. Your ability to do our task depends on you correctly answering all of the questions below. If you answer any questions incorrectly, you will be unable to continue with our task. For questions that ask you to identify the characters in an image, make sure you enter everything EXACTLY as it appears (this includes capitalizations and hyphens [-])!
You can attempt these prescreen tasks as many times as you would like. You will not be able to proceed to the actual task until you correctly answer all questions. If you are unable to continue with this HIT, please return the HIT or let it expire. Abandoned and returned HITs will not negatively affect your reputation on Mechanical Turk. We are not able to access these statistics, as they are not provided to Requesters.
If you have any concerns or questions about this policy, please contact<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Success! You successfully completed the prescreen task. Please click the button below to continue to the actual task.
Uh oh! It seems like you didn't answer all of the questions correctly. You can either try again until you get all the answers correct, or you can return/abandon this hit.


{{ block title }} Round {{ current_round }} out of {{ total_number_rounds }} {{ endblock }} {{ block content }} {{ if leadership }}
The leader contributed {{ leader_contribution }}.
{{ endif }}The multiplier is {{ multiplier }}.
{{ if eyes }} {{ endif }}You are putting into the group account.
{{ formfield_errors 'contribution' }} {{ next_button }} {{ endblock }} {{ block scripts }} {{ endblock }}


I've been working as a Software Engineer science 2018. I am a team player following software development life cycle, planning, database design and implementation, Perform UI integration, fixed multiple browser compatibility issues. Implement functional specification as client specification, resolve bugs and make modification.
I’ve been working on different web application and project for last 3 year.
Complited my Computer Science & Engineering graduation from East West University Located in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
I studied Class 11-12 at Rajshahi Govt. City College which located at Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
I have complited Class 6-10 From Kaligonj High School located at Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Develope and design lots of product and and web apps for customer.
i have worked for different Web Application form different country.
Worked as a UI/UX Engineer i have developed lots of theme and websites for customer.
I will mix all detailed things together
Some of my services are given below
I’ve been working on different projects some are given below:
I'd love to hear your thoughts guys
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{% include "analytics.html" %}
Practice scoring duplicate bridge results.
If you're just learning to score, Wikipedia has an excellent page on bridge scoring.
We would love to hear your suggestions! Reach us via email or twitter.
If you like our scoring flashcards, we suggest you try our practice bidder or Standard American Yellow Card convention explorer.
Have fun!


It's a victory of writers, directors: Yami on 'Bala' crossing Rs 100 crores
'Bala' is Yami's second Rs 100 crore movie of this year. Her film 'Uri: The Surgical Strike', which was released in January this year, too hit a century at box office.
MUMBAI: Actress Yami Gautam is on cloud nine as her film 'Bala' crossed the Rs 100 crore mark at box office, and she gives credit of the success of the movie to writer and director.
'Bala' is Yami's second Rs 100 crore movie of this year. Her film 'Uri: The Surgical Strike', which was released in January this year, too hit a century at box office.
"It is the victory of writers and directors who are creating content that pushes boundaries. Every actor enjoys commercial success but in this case I am happy that a film like 'Bala' is making it to the mark. It's a validation of our choice of stories, assurance they we are doing work that's resonating and I am genuinely excited to do more of such films. It is motivating me to go seek out more such films and create a better actor out of me," Yami said.
Directed by Amar Kaushik and written by Niren Bhatt, "Bala" revolves around the issue of premature baldness.
It also features Ayushmann Khurrana and Bhumi Pednekar in the lead roles.


LIMBO (1999)
"It sure isn't heaven, and it's too cold to be hell."
3 out of ****
Starring David Strathairn, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, Vanessa Martinez, Casey Siemazko, Kris Kristofferson; Written & Directed by John Sayles; Cinematography by Haskell Wexler
When John Sayles's career is over, his oeuvre will almost certainly stand as the most complex, committed, complete attempt by an American director to portray America in all its variety--not as a mythic land of freedom and opportunity, but as a place populated largely by ordinary people struggling to find the right person, to pay the bills, to balance morality and necessity, to cope with the curveballs life keeps delivering. Although not all his work is set in the U.S., Sayles is a staunchly American director, and while other directors tend to focus on specific elements in American society--Scorcese on the world of the mob, Spike Lee on black America, Woody Allen on Manhattan intellectuals--Sayles ranges from the Mexican border to New Jersey turnpikes to the coast of Alaska, always taking the time to contemplate the small details that comprise the substance of our lives.
His films are therefore a remarkable cross-section of the melting pot--a teenage girl graduating from high school, striking miners in West Virginia, the middle-aged wife of an academic discovering she is a lesbian, Mexican immigrants building new lives in a small Texas border town, and more, and more. LIMBO brings us to Port Henry, Alaska, painting a few more tiles in the American mosaic. The principal players, all superbly portrayed, are Joe (David Strathairn), a former fisherman and pulp mill worker who now works as a handyman; Donna (Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio), an aging harried lounge singer spending a year in Port Henry; and Donna's daughter Noelle (Vanessa Martinez), a precocious troubled teenager who resents her mother's string of deadbeat boyfriends and the subsequent lack of attention she receives.
Joe and Donna meet in an early scene, circumstances throw them together, and they embark on a cagy relationship. There is no love at first sight, no sense of fate bringing two people together--their relationship develops as relationships often do (though not in the movies), incrementally, hesitantly, uncertainly. Donna sings in a local bar, and Joe comes to hear her; one night between performances she and Joe have a straightforward conversation about who they are and where they come from, the type of conversation two mature people hurt by previous mistakes might have. It is a wonderful scene because it seems so uncontrived, so unassuming. Given the spate of recent American movies which are either Tarantino wannabes or slavish purveyors of Hollywood scriptwriting formulas, it seems extraordinary for two people in a film to have an ordinary exchange, charged with subtle emotion, fraught with human vulnerability.
The film offers many similar pleasures, such as the vivid secondary characters who bring the community to life: the two women who run a restaurant and employ both Joe and Noelle, the cannery worker whose boat they now own, the pilot whose brother died in a boating accident which Joe survived (Kris Kristofferson), Joe's brother Bobby who thinly disguises his failures with bluster and false cheer (Casey Siemazko). Because Sayles takes the time to linger on the socio-economic realities of the town and the specifics of place (the dialogue, for instance, is rich in atmospheric details like the mechanics of fishing and sailing), the characters' troubles and burdens take on poignancy and authenticity. It is easy to care, because if Joe and Donna and Noelle do not exist, people very like them do exist, in Port Henry or elsewhere. Despite some concessions to conventional plotting, the first hour of the movie is a slow, expansive, absorbing look at life in Port Henry, consciously presented as a non-simplistic response to the tour-package vision of Alaska as the last great American frontier, of nature as theme park.
LIMBO is remarkable because of the vivid clarity with which it sees its characters and gives them life, engaging our interest--there are two sequences which I found to be as tense as anything I have seen in a theatre in recent months, because I was so involved in the inner lives of these people. But LIMBO is also difficult and problematic, because it defies our narrative expectations. Midway through, the movie shifts gears to become a harrowing account of flight and survival in the wild, when Joe, Donna, and Noelle are stranded on an uninhabited island and forced to shelter in an old house, stripping them of their familiar routines, bringing them to an impasse where they must confront the stasis of their lives while waiting for help which may never come. Both halves of the movie are excellent on their own, but as a whole it seems disjointed--although this seems to be intentional.
And then it ends. Much has been made, already, about the provocative ending, which some reviewers seem to dislike because it violates an unwritten compact between auteur and audience; my problem is not with the technique as such, but that it makes much of the expository material in the slow first half seem, in retrospect, pointless. Still, I admire Sayles for being brave and foolhardy enough to stick to his guns. LIMBO is intent on showing us life as it is really lived, not as it is imagined in fiction. In fiction, we usually know how the story will end, or we at least know that it will end. In real life, you never know what will happen next, and that at least is also true of LIMBO.
Subjective Camera (subjective.freeservers.com) Movie Reviews by David Dalgleish<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


My hypothesis is that Canada is in the top 3.
My hypothesis is Canadian women and men won more medals than United States.
United States won more medals than Canada only by 3 medals.
United States won more medals than Canada only by 24 medals.
My hypothesis is that Canada top is in the 1990.


Gardaí appeal for information about man, 55, found dead in Dublin
by By Digital Desk staffGardaí in Dublin are investigating the circumstances surrounding the death of a 55-year-old man.
The man was found at a residence off the Navan Road on Wednesday morning.
It is understood that the same man was the victim of an assault on the Navan Road on November 14 of this year.
Gardaí at Cabra are appealing to the public for information.
Speaking today at Blanchardstown garda station, Superintendent William Carolan said, "As part of the investigation, Gardaí wish to speak to anyone who was in the vicinity of the Navan Road from Our Lady Help of Christians Parish Church to the Halfway House in Ashtown on Thursday 14 November between 4.30pm and 5.30pm."
In particular Gardaí wish to speak to any road users with camera footage travelling through the area at the time.
Anyone with information is asked to contact Cabra Garda station on 01-6667400 or the Garda Confidential Line on 1800 666 111.
READ MORE
Trolley numbers for 2019 highest since records began, union claims


class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # ETC3250: Classification ## Semester 1, 2020 ###
Professor Di Cook
Econometrics and Business Statistics
Monash University ### Week 3 (a) --- # Categorical responses In **classification**, the output `\(Y\)` is a .orange[categorical variable]. For example, - Loan approval: `\(Y \in \{\mbox{successful}, \mbox{unsuccessful}\}\)` - Type of business culture: `\(Y \in \{\mbox{clan}, \mbox{adhocracy}, \mbox{market}, \mbox{hierarchical}\}\)` - Historical document author: `\(Y \in \{\mbox{Austen}, \mbox{Dickens}, \mbox{Imitator}\}\)` - Email: `\(Y \in \{\mbox{spam}, \mbox{ham}\}\)` Map the categories to a numeric variable, or possibly a binary matrix. --- layout: true class: shuriken-full white .blade1.bg-green[.content.center.vmiddle[ A person arrives at the emergency room with a set of symptoms that could possibly be attributed to one of three medical conditions. Which of the three conditions does the individual have? ]] .blade2.bg-purple[.content.center.vmiddle[ An online banking service must be able to determine whether or not a transaction being performed on the site is fraudulent, on the basis of the user’s IP address, past transaction history, and so forth. ]] .blade3.bg-deep-orange[.content.center.vmiddle[ On the basis of DNA sequence data for a number of patients with and without a given disease, a biologist would like to figure out which DNA mutations are deleterious (disease-causing) and which are not. ]] .blade4.bg-pink[.content.center.vmiddle[ An email comes into the server. Should it be moved into the inbox or the junk mail box, based on header text, sender, origin, time of day, ...? ]] --- class: hide-blade2 hide-blade3 hide-blade4 hide-hole --- class: hide-blade3 hide-blade4 hide-hole count: false --- class: hide-blade4 hide-hole count: false --- class: hide-hole count: false --- layout: false class: split-two layout: false .column[.pad50px[ # When linear regression is not appropriate
 Consider the following data `simcredit` which looks at the default status based on credit balance. **Question**: Why is a linear model not appropriate for this data? ]] .column[.content.vmiddle.center[  ]] --- class: split-two .column[.pad50px[ # Modelling binary responses
 - To model **binary data**, we need to .orange[link] our **predictors** to our response using a *link function*. - There are many different types of link functions we could use, but we will focus today on the .orange[logistic] link function. ]] .column[.content.vmiddle.center[  ]] --- class: split-two .column[.pad50px[ # The logistic function Instead of predicting the outcome directly, we instead predict the probability of being class 1, given the linear combination of predictors, using the .orange[logistic] link function. $$ p(y=1|\beta_0 + \beta_1 x) = f(\beta_0 + \beta_1 x) $$ where `$$f(\beta_0 + \beta_1 x) = \frac{e^{\beta_0+\beta_1x}}{1+e^{\beta_0+\beta_1x}}$$` ]] .column[.content.vmiddle.center[  ]] --- class: split-two .column[.pad50px[ ## Logistic function Transform the function: `$$~~~~f(x) = \frac{e^{\beta_0+\beta_1x}}{1+e^{\beta_0+\beta_1x}}$$` `\(\rightarrow f(x) = \frac{1}{1/e^{\beta_0+\beta_1x}+1}\)` `\(\rightarrow 1/f(x) = 1/e^{\beta_0+\beta_1x}+1\)` `\(\rightarrow 1/f(x) - 1 = 1/e^{\beta_0+\beta_1x}\)` `\(\rightarrow \frac{1}{1/f(x) - 1} = e^{\beta_0+\beta_1x}\)` `\(\rightarrow ~~ ...\)` ]] .column[.pad50px[ `\(\rightarrow ~~ ...\)` `\(\rightarrow \frac{f(x)}{1 - f(x)} = e^{\beta_0+\beta_1x}\)` `\(\rightarrow \log_e\frac{f(x)}{1 - f(x)} = \beta_0+\beta_1x\)`

 The left-hand side `\(\log_e\frac{f(x)}{1 - f(x)}\)` is called the .orange[log-odds ratio] or logit.

]] --- ## The logistic regression model The fitted model is then written as: .tip[ `\(\log_e\frac{P(Y=1|X)}{1 - P(Y=1|X)} = \beta_0+\beta_1X\)` ] and then `$$P(Y=0|X) = 1 - P(Y=1|X)$$` *Multiple categories*:  This formula can be extended to more than binary response variables. Writing the equation is not simple, but follows from the above, extending it to provide probabilities for each level/category. The sum of all probabilities is 1.  --- ## Interpretation - .green[**Linear regression**] - `\(\beta_1\)` gives the average change in `\(Y\)` associated with a one-unit increase in `\(X\)` - .green[**Logistic regression**] - Increasing `\(X\)` by one unit changes the log odds by `\(\beta_1\)`, or equivalently it multiplies the odds by `\(e^{\beta_1}\)` - However, because the model is not linear in `\(X\)`, `\(\beta_1\)` does not correspond to the change in response associated with a one-unit increase in `\(X\)` --- ## Maximum Likelihood Estimation Given the logistic `\(p(x_i) = \frac{1}{e^{-(\beta_0+\beta_1x_i)}+1}\)` We choose parameters `\(\beta_0, \beta_1\)` to maximize the likelihood of the data given the model. The likelihood function is `$$\mathcal{l}_n(\beta_0, \beta_1) = \prod_{y_i=1,i}^n p(x_i)\prod_{y_i=0,i}^n (1-p(x_i)).$$` It is more convenient to maximize the *log-likelihood*: `$$\text{max}_{\beta_0, \beta_1} ~ \log l_n(\beta_0, \beta_1) = \text{max}_{\beta_0, \beta_1} - \sum_{i = 1}^n \log\big(1 + e^{-(\beta_0+\beta_1x_i)} \big)$$` --- ## Making predictions With estimates from the model fit, `\(\hat{\beta_0}, \hat{\beta_1}\)`, we can predict the **probability of belonging to class 1** using: `$$p(y=1|\hat{\beta_0} + \hat{\beta_1} x) = \frac{e^{\hat{\beta_0}+ \hat{\beta_1}x}}{1+e^{\hat{\beta_0}+ \hat{\beta_1}x}}$$` This probability can be rounded to 0 or 1 for class prediction. In `R`, we simply use the `predict()` function. --- class: center ### Of course, probabilities close to 0.5 are hard to classify!
  .font_tiny[Source: Statistical Statistics Memes] --- class: split-40 .column[.pad50px[ ## Fitting credit data in R

 We use the `glm` function in R to fit a logistic regression model. The `glm` function can support many response types, so we specify `family="binomial"` to let R know that our response is *binary*. ]] .column[.content.vmiddle[ ```r library(broom) *fit <- glm(default~balance, * data=simcredit, family="binomial") tidy(fit) ``` ``` ## # A tibble: 2 x 5 ## term estimate std.error statistic p.value ## <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> ## 1 (Intercept) -10.7 0.361 -29.5 3.62e-191 ## 2 balance 0.00550 0.000220 25.0 1.98e-137 ``` ]] --- class: split-40 .column[.pad50px[ # Fitting credit data in R

 We can use the `predict()` function to predict the probability of default, given credit balance. We then round these probabilities to predict default status. ]] .column[.content.vmiddle[ ```r *probs <- predict(fit, simcredit ,type="response") head(probs, 4) ``` ``` ## 1 2 3 4 ## 0.0013056797 0.0021125949 0.0085947405 0.0004344368 ``` ```r head(round(probs), 4) ``` ``` ## 1 2 3 4 ## 0 0 0 0 ``` ]] --- class: middle center purple

# .purple[A warning for using GLMs!] --- class: split-40 .column[.pad50px[ # When logistic regression fails
 Consider the case when the data is *perfectly* seperated. Here, we can see that all balances above $1500 default. ]] .column[.content.vmiddle[  ]] --- class: split-40 .column[.pad50px[ ## When logistic regression fails
 If we fit a `glm` model to this data, the MLE fit will try and fit a step-wise function to this graph, pushing coefficients sizes towards infinity and produce large standard errors. R will warn us that the algorithm does not converge. ]] .column[.content.vmiddle[ ```r fit <- glm(default_new~balance, data=simcredit, family="binomial") tidy(fit) ``` ```r # A tibble: 2 x 5 term estimate std.error statistic p.value <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> *1 (Intercept) -41692. 57581. -0.724 0.469 *2 balance 27.8 38.4 0.724 0.469 ``` ]] --- class: center ## Take home message - take note of R warnings  .font_tiny[Source: R Memes for Statistical Fiends] --- ## Linear Discriminant Analysis Logistic regression involves directly modeling `\(P(Y = k|X = x)\)` using the logistic function. Rounding the probabilities produces class predictions, in two class problems; selecting the class with the highest probability produces class predictions in multi-class problems. Another approach for building a classification model is .orange[linear discriminant analysis]. This involves directly estimating the .orange[distribution of the predictors], separately for each class. --- class: center ## Compare the pair

 | .green[Logistic Regression] |  Linear Discriminant Analysis  | | :-------------------: |:-------------------:| | **Goal** - directly estimate `\(P(Y \lvert X)\)` (*the dashed line*) | **Goal** - estimate `\(P(X \lvert Y)\)` (*the contours*) to then deduce `\(P(Y \lvert X)\)` | | **Assumptions** - no assumptions on predictor space | **Assumptions** - predictors are normally distributed | |  |  | --- class: center ## Assumptions are critical in LDA  .font_tiny[Source: Statistical Statistics Memes] --- ## Bayes Theorem Let `\(f_k(x)\)` be the density function for predictor `\(x\)` for class `\(k\)`. If `\(f\)` is small, the probability that `\(x\)` belongs to class `\(k\)` is small, and conversely if `\(f\)` is large. Bayes theorem (for `\(K\)` classes) states: .tip[ `$$P(Y = k|X = x) = p_k(x) = \frac{\pi_kf_k(x)}{\sum_{i=1}^K \pi_kf_k(x)}$$` ] where `\(\pi_k = P(Y = k)\)` is the prior probability that the observation comes from class `\(k\)`. --- ## LDA with `\(p=1\)` predictors  --- ## LDA with `\(p=1\)` predictors We assume `\(f_k(x)\)` is univariate .orange[Normal] (Gaussian): `$$f_k(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 \pi} \sigma_k} \text{exp}~ \left( - \frac{1}{2 \sigma^2_k} (x - \mu_k)^2 \right)$$` where `\(\mu_k\)` and `\(\sigma^2_k\)` are the mean and variance parameters for the `\(k\)`th class. Further assume that `\(\sigma_1^2 = \sigma_2^2 = \dots = \sigma_K^2\)`; then the conditional probabilities are `$$p_k(x) = \frac{\pi_k \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 \pi} \sigma} \text{exp}~ \left( - \frac{1}{2 \sigma^2} (x - \mu_k)^2 \right) }{ \sum_{l = 1}^K \pi_l \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 \pi} \sigma} \text{exp}~ \left( - \frac{1}{2 \sigma^2} (x - \mu_l)^2 \right) }$$` --- ## LDA with `\(p=1\)` predictors The Bayes classifier is assign new observation `\(X=x_0\)` to the class with the highest `\(p_k(x_0)\)`. A simplification of `\(p_k(x_0)\)` yields the .orange[discriminant functions]: `$$\delta_k(x_0) = x_0 \frac{\mu_k}{\sigma^2} - \frac{\mu_k^2}{2 \sigma^2} + log(\pi_k)$$` and the rule Bayes classifier will assign `\(x_0\)` to the class with the largest value. --- ## LDA with `\(p=1\)` predictors If `\(K = 2\)` and `\(\pi_1 = \pi_2\)`, we assign `\(x_0\)` to class if `$$\delta_1(x_0) > \delta_2(x_0)$$` $$x_0 \frac{\mu_1}{\sigma^2} - \frac{\mu_1^2}{2 \sigma^2} + \log(\pi) > x_0 \frac{\mu_2}{\sigma^2} - \frac{\mu_2^2}{2 \sigma^2} + \log(\pi) $$ which simplifies to `\(x_0 > \frac{\mu_1+\mu_2}{2}\)`. .tip[ This is estimated on the data with `\(x_0 > \frac{\bar{x}_1 + \bar{x}_2}{2}\)`. ] --- ## Multivariate LDA To indicate that a p-dimensional random variable X has a multivariate Gaussian distribution with `\(E[X] = \mu\)` and `\(\text{Cov}(X) = \Sigma\)`, we write `\(X \sim N(\mu, \Sigma)\)`. The multivariate normal density function is: `$$f(x) = \frac{1}{(2\pi)^{p/2}|\Sigma|^{1/2}} \exp\{-\frac{1}{2}(x-\mu)'\Sigma^{-1}(x-\mu)\}$$` with `\(x, \mu\)` are `\(p\)`-dimensional vectors, `\(\Sigma\)` is a `\(p\times p\)` variance-covariance matrix. --- ## Multivariate LDA The discriminant functions are: `$$\delta_k(x) = x'\Sigma^{-1}\mu_k - \frac{1}{2}\mu_k'\Sigma^{-1}\mu_k + \pi_k$$` and Bayes classifier is .orange[assign a new observation] `\(x_0\)` .orange[to the class with the highest] `\(\delta_k(x_0)\)`. When `\(K=2\)` and `\(\pi_1=\pi_2\)` this reduces to Assign observation `\(x_0\)` to class 1 if `$$x_0'\Sigma^{-1}(\mu_1-\mu_2) > \frac{1}{2}(\mu_1+\mu_2)'\Sigma^{-1}(\mu_1-\mu_2)$$` --- ## Multivariate LDA .orange[Discriminant space]: a benefit of LDA is that it provides a low-dimensional projection of the `\(p\)`-dimensional space, where the groups are the most separated. For `\(K=2\)`, this is `$$\Sigma^{-1}(\mu_1-\mu_2)$$` For `\(K>2\)`, the discriminant space is found be taking an eigen-decomposition of `\(\Sigma^{-1}\Sigma_B\)`, where `$$\Sigma_B = \frac{1}{K}\sum_{i=1}^{K} (\mu_i-\mu)(\mu_i-\mu)'$$` --- ## Multivariate LDA 3The dashed lines are the Bayes decision boundaries. Ellipses that contain 95% of the probability for each of the three classes are shown. Solid line corresponds to the class boundaries from the LDA model fit to the sample.    .font_tiny[(Chapter4/4.6.pdf)] --- ## Quadratic DA (QDA) A quadratic boundary is obtained by relaxing the assumption of equal variance-covariance, and assume that `\(\Sigma_k \neq \Sigma_l, ~~k\neq l, k,l=1,...,K\)`    .font_tiny[(Chapter4/4.9.pdf)] --- layout: false # 👩💻 Made by a human with a computer ### Slides at [https://monba.dicook.org](https://monba.dicook.org). ### Code and data at [https://github.com/dicook/Business_Analytics](https://github.com/dicook/Business_Analytics).
 ### Created using [R Markdown](https://rmarkdown.rstudio.com) with flair by [**xaringan**](https://github.com/yihui/xaringan), and [**kunoichi** (female ninja) style](https://github.com/emitanaka/ninja-theme).

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


Beta
Allows you to seamlessly order and pay for your meal through you mobile device. Integrating with POS systems and payment services. Visit our website to learn more.
4.9 stars, 60 ratings, 900 downloads
Onesearch is an addicting twist of the classic word search game. Download on the Playstore or visit our Facebook. View the source code.
In-development
Provides a single channel for writing and reading reviews for those looking to discover and learn about new electronic products. View the source code.
Beta
Post-secondary research process reimagined for prospective students. Compare and assess university and college programs across multiple schools. Visit our Facebook to learn more.
Android To-Do-List that focuses on displaying your tasks grouped by expected completion dates and hashtags. View the source code.
Android app that changes your wallpaper on a specified time interval, based on images from the Dribbble API. View the source code.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block content %}
isoenum-webgui provides Flask-based user interface that uses isoenum package to generate accurate InChI (International Chemical Identifier) for metabolites based on standard NMR experiments descriptions (currently 1D-1H and 1D-CHSQC) in order to improve data reusability of metabolomics data.
{% endblock content %}


Zero Ducks Given (Not Secure)
First, you’ll need to know the IP address of the PC running Remote Desktop that you want to connect to. The easiest way to do this is to fire up the Command Prompt and use the ipconfig command. In the results, look for the section detailing the network adapter connecting you to the Internet (in our example, it’s “Ethernet Adapter”). In that section, look for the IPv4 address.
Next, you’ll log into your router and locate the Port Forwarding section. Exactly where that is will depend on what router you’re using. In that section, forward TCP port 3389 to the IPv4 address you located previously.
You now should be able to log into Remote Desktop over the internet by connecting to the public IP address your router exposes for your local network.
Remembering that IP address can be tough (especially if it changes), so you also may want to set up a dynamic DNS service so you can always connect with an easy-to-remember domain name. You may also want to set up a static IP address on the computer running the Remote Desktop server. This will ensure that the computer’s internal IP address won’t change—if it does, you’ll have to change your port forwarding configuration.
Ducks Given (Secure)
If you create a virtual private network (VPN), you won’t have to expose the Remote Desktop server directly to the Internet. Instead, when you’re away from home, you can connect to the VPN, and your computer will act like it’s part of the same local network as the computer at home, running the Remote Desktop server. This will allow you to access Remote Desktop and other services normally only exposed on your local network.
If you pay for the full version, we will cover a number of ways to set up your own home VPN server, including a way to create a VPN server in Windows without any extra software or services.
Setting up a VPN is by far the more secure option when it comes to making Remote Desktop accessible over the internet, and with the right tools, it’s pretty simple to achieve. It is not your only option, though.
Many Ducks Given (Most Secure)
If you pay for the full version, and you go with this option, we will tell you which hardware we recommend and help you configure it so you can setup your own home lab.
For more information, send an email to info@rdpduck.com.


VIII. Plate Viewer¶
Plate Viewer is a tool for browsing image-based data laid out on multi-well plates common to high-throughput biological screens. Supported formats are:
- 96 well plate — 8 rows x 12 columns
- 384 well plate — 16 rows x 24 columns
- 1536 well plate — 32 rows x 48 columns
- 5600 spot microarray — 40 rows x 140 columns
To launch this tool click the Plate Viewer icon in the CPA toolbar or select Tools > Plate Viewer from the CPA menu bar.
Note
An X in one of the wells means there was no data in the database corresponding to that particular well. However, it may still contain images that can be viewed, as described below.
In the colored plate display, right-clicking on a well will display a list of image-keys found in that well. Selecting one image-key will open that image in the Image Viewer (section V). Doubleclicking on a well will open all images from that well, each in its own Image Viewer.
Above the plate is a menu that lets you specify the plate number to display. Holding the cursor over a particular well will display a tooltip showing the value pertaining to that well.
The left-hand column contains many options for generating different views into your data.
Data source: Allows you to select a table for visualization. To load fresh data from a CSV file directly into the Plate Viewer, select File > Load CSV from the menu bar at the top of the screen.
Measurement: The column from the selected table that you would like to visualize.
Aggregation Method: Measurements must be aggregated to a single number for each well so that they can be represented by a color. Options are mean, sum, median, standard deviation, cv% (coefficient of variation), minimum, and maximum. If you’re viewing
object_count
from the image table, for example, you might select sum to visualize the sum of the object counts for all images that constitute a well.Important: Plate Viewer is agnostic with regard to the type of data it aggregates, so viewing columns from the image table will not cause the viewer to access any data from the object table. For example, a biological screen with 4 images (sites) per well may be analyzed in CellProfiler, and cell measurements may be aggregated to each image and output to the image table. One column grom the table,
Image_Intensity_DNA_Mean_ Intensity
, could be visualized in Plate Viewer and aggregated from each image to each well by, say, the maximum option. This could be mistakenly thought to be reporting the maximum DNA intensity value of any cell from that well, when it is actually reporting the maximum of the mean per-image DNA intensity per-well.Color Map: Each value computed by the Aggregation Method is mapped to a color via a color map. The currently selected color map is represented in a bar beneath the plate maps. More than 50 color maps are available.
Well Shape: Mostly for presentation purposes, you can select from different well shapes. Options are square, rounded, circle, and image.
Important: The “image” feature is still under development. This will display a rescaled image from each well in the place of the well itself. This can take a very long time to refresh since full sized images must be loaded for every well in view. For it to be useful, viewing 1 plate at a time and maximizing the window is advised. Note: that the color map is irrelevant when using this view.
Number of Plates: Enter the number of plates you would like to view at once, and press the Enter or Return key.
Here is a four-plate view of the same experiment shown in the previous example, in which the user has chosen to view the mean of the per-object measurement Spindle_AreaShape_Area in each well across 4 plates.
The color bar axis at the bottom of the window shows how the aggregated values of the selected measurement column map to colors:
- The numbers at the far left and right of the axis represent the minimum and maximum values found in the entire experiment.
- The value range of the current plate(s) extends to the point where the color bar stops and a thin black line begins.
To assist in visualizing data, particularly when there are extreme outlier data points, you can rescale or clip the color bar by dragging the handles found at the far ends of the bar.
- Color rescaling: This will rescale the full color map to fit within the minimum and maximum values at the handles. Values below the range are mapped to the minimum (leftmost) color, values above the range are mapped to the maximum (rightmost) color.
- Color clipping: As with color rescaling, this will map values below the range to the minimum color, and values above the range to the maximum color. However, the full range of colors will not be rescaled to fit within the handles, it is cropped or “clipped.”
To change the mode from rescaling to clipping, right click on the bar and select Value bracketing: CLIP, to change it back to rescaling, do the same and select Value bracketing: RESCALE. To set the sliders back at the global min and max, select Reset sliders.


We are going to learn how to make a web page interactive, but first we should learn about two more fundamental JavaScript concepts: Control Structures and Arrays.
More examples of conditoinal statements are available at:
There are many interesting and simple effects that you can create with events. Try to implement the following. Keep in mind that there are many ways to accomplish the same effect.
Learning programming requires a lot of practice, resources, and repetition that we simply are unable to cover in this short course. I highly recommend trying out some of the courses and interactive training listed below to improve your knowledge of the subject.
Code Academy JavaScript course -lessons are free, but a PRO account is required for quizzes and projects
Lynda.com - Free access with your Brooklyn Public Library card and PIN #
Code Combat - learn programming in a game
In the final lesson, we will learn how web services communicate with each other and write JavaScript to retrieve and use data.


Only routes with more than 10000 trips are included in the chart. There is no specific information of bus service which traveller took on trip from origin to destination bus stops.
Each node represent a bus stop while the curves represent links from origin to destination bus stops. Nodes are clustered according to first digit of bus stop code, which also closely follows region bus stop is located in. Links within cluster represent travel within the same region in Singapore, while links across nodes represent travel across regions.
Data Source: LTA


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block content %}
The number that you entered is {{ phone }}.
Enter another!


Educational Background
- Middle Tennessee State University
- CodeFellows
I am a software development student at CodeFellows currently pursing a change of career from the art field to a more technical vocation.
Love colors and graphic design like me? Click the button to create your own color palette! (Please do. I worked for over a day to figure out how a button works AND I coded my own function from scratch!


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/rsimp.html ---
What is rsimp
, how does it work, and why is it so slow?
prompted by the discussion about the simp lemma eq_self_iff_true
, I was playing around with simp
and its occasional inability to prove definitional equalities (depending on what is marked reducible, it seems)
i'm surprised that below {[smt] close}
closes the goal, but cc
doesnt (i thought they had the same strength)
import tactic.squeeze def A : ℕ := 0 def B : ℕ := A example : A = B := rfl -- works example : A = B := by rsimp -- works example : A = B := by {[smt] eblast} -- works example : A = B := by {[smt] close} -- works example : A = B := by cc -- fails example : A = B := by simp -- fails
I know the r stands for "robust", but I have not looked at the implementation. It's almost never used
why is it so slow
Is rsimp
meant to be painfully slow? I just tried it on a single-hypothesis-with-the-goal-being-just-the-hypothesis example and it takes 10 seconds.
Regarding what rsimp
actually is, it's described in chapter 2 here. It more or less tries to find the simplest form of every expression using congruence closure and rewrites it to that.
Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


Before Change
self.create_file("demo/f.txt")
self.add_to_build_file("demo", "target(sources=["*.txt"])")
result = self.request_single_product(Owners, OwnersRequest(("demo/deleted.txt",)))
assert result == Owners([Address("demo", target_name="demo")])
// For files that do exist, we should still use a generated subtarget, though.
result = self.request_single_product(Owners, OwnersRequest(("demo/f.txt",)))
assert result == Owners([Address("demo", relative_file_path="f.txt", target_name="demo")])
After Change
)
// If a sibling file uses the original target, then both should be used.
self.assert_owners(
["demo/f.txt", "demo/deleted.txt"],
expected={
Address("demo", relative_file_path="f.txt", target_name="demo"),
Address("demo"),
},
)
def test_owners_multiple_owners(self) -> None:
Even if there are multiple owners of the same file, we still use generated subtargets.
self.create_files("demo", ["f1.txt", "f2.txt"])


ELIXIR is a pan-European research infrastructure consisting of the Hub and a number of, primarily, national nodes that provide services to their local communities.
Select a node to find out more about its events, training provision, staff and member institutions.
See a full list of training coordinators from all nodes.


Happy Birthday Eric!
I hope you're having a great day!
Love, Trevor
p.s. click the present below for your gift!


Everything you need to know to win!
The rivalry between Manchester United and Liverpool Each club can claim historical supremacy over the other: United for their 20 league titles to Liverpool's 19 and Liverpool for being European champions six times to United's three.
Liverpool homepage Manchester UnitedHere we see them heating up in an argument in intense competition!


Search
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Capacity: ,
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rank
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Pay
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--- notes: | L-line vertical divider. Used in "value props" within "at-a-glance" section. School of Design (RSD) colors shown. School of colors available. ---


Windows Phone 7.1 AppData Helper Assembly
This WP7.1 AppDataHelper assembly is used to store global data within the Application's dictionary for NaviationService calls.
This is my third WP7.1 assembly used to help ease development on Windows Phone. I will be adding additional WP7.1 assemblies in the near future.
I use a default namespace string for all helper assemblies, making it easier to organize and locate assemblies within projects. Each helper assembly will be marked with the following default namespace: "BenScharbach.WP7.Helpers", with the actual namespace's
specific name at the end of the default namespace; for example, 'AppDataHelper' for this assembly.
This AppDataHelper assembly is useful to store data between page xaml calls when using the NaviationService. This helper uses the Application's dictionary-store, which is globally available throughout the application's life-cycle. Using this dictionary-store
eliminates the need to pass data via web string-queries or accessing the data using prior pages contain with the NavigationService's Stack.
To use the AppDataHelper, add a reference to AppHelper singleton in the App.cs class within your Windows-Phone project. Call SetApplicationInstance() to set the WindowsPhone application instance, required for the singleton to access the dictionary-store. Use
SetDataNames() to set all constant key names required by your application; for example, to store a friend's name you might use the key-name of 'FirstNameKey'. Now in your application, use the Update() call with your key-name and key-value, which can be accessed
between page calls. To retrieve the key-value you stored, use the Get<>() call passing in your key-name.
Thanks,
Ben Scharbach


{% extends "base-full.html" %} {% block content %}
You will be receiving a confirmation email in just a moment. Follow the link in that email to activate your account and start using Sunlight Academy.


This Month
Tuesday: April 16, 2013
11:30 am
@The Exchange
700 1/2 W. Sheridan Ave.,
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
73102
“About “IMPACTjs”
They’re cropping up everywhere - Javascript frameworks for game creation.
You’ve probably played with some by now, and if not, you should take a gander at some of the more interesting ones. Javascript is a surprisingly robust and fun environment to for making games that can run in your browser.
Of the many game engines, a few will stick out. Impact.js is one of the ones worth your attention.
Why Impact? I’ll show you. Bring your laptop to the next meeting - you’re going to use it. We’re going to assemble a simple game together in no time with Impact.js, and you can see why it is an effective and expressive system for creating content. We’ll examine Impact’s built in AMD, clear design patterns, animation system, awesome level master and useful debugging tools. We’ll also look at how the system is extensible, and can even host external tools within.
Don’t miss this meeting, you’re in for a javascript treat! Dominique, the developer of Impact has been so kind to give us a usergroup licence for noncommertial use of Impact. If you’ve been curious about Impact.js but haven’t had a chance to see what the fuss is about, now you can know!


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IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM PRESENT THE HONOURABLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE MR.S.MANIKUMAR & THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE SHAJI P.CHALY THURSDAY, THE 09TH DAY OF JANUARY 2020 / 19TH POUSHA, 1941 WP(C).No.32958 OF 2018(S) PETITIONERS: 1 THULSIDHARAN PILLAI AGED 60 YEARS S/O.LATE THANKAPPAN, RESIDING AT VARUVILATHU VEEDU, DEVI NAGAR, NO. 6, ULIYAKOVIL, KOLLAM, PIN 691019 2 JANARDANAN PILLAI AGED 65 YEARS S/O. LATE KUTTAN PILLAI, VAISHNAVOM, DEVI NAGAR - 15, ULIYAKOVIL P.O., KOLLAM, PIN 691019 3 BIJU AGED 34 YEARS S/O. MOHANAN, AADIKALATHU VEEDU, DEVI NAGAR, NO. 12, ULIYAKOVIL, KOLLAM, PIN 691019 4 SAJEEV AGED 40 YEARS S/O. SISUPALAN, DEVI NAGAR NO. 16, ULIYAKOVIL, KOLLAM, PIN 691019 BY ADV. SRI.K.B.PRADEEP RESPONDENTS: 1 STATE OF KERALA REPRESENTED BY THE PRINCIPAL SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE DEPARTMENT, SECRETARIAT, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM - 695001 2 THE DISTRICT COLLECTOR OFFICE OF THE DISTRICT COLLECTOR, CIVIL STATION P.O., KOLLAM - 691 013. 3 THE REVENUE DIVISIONAL OFFICER COLLECTORATE, CIVIL STATION P.O., KOLLAM - 691 013. WP(C).No.32958 OF 2018 2 4 THE TAHSILDAR TALUK OFFICE, KOLLAM - 691 001. 5 KERALA STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD KADAPPAKKADA P.O., KOLLAM - 691 008, REPRESENTED BY ITS SENIOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER. 6 THE DISTRICT MEDICAL OFFICER (HEALTH) COLLECTORATE, CIVIL STATION P.O., KOLLAM - 691 013. 7 THE KOLLAM CORPORATION CORPORATION BUILDINGS, KOLLAM - 691 001, REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY. 8 SMT. JASMINE WILSON W/O. WILSON, ANNA AGENCIES, CHETTINAD CEMENT CORPORATION, ULIYACOVIL P.O., KOLLAM (FROM MYLOTH HOUSE, MUNDAKKAL P.O., KOLLAM). 9 DALMIA CEMENT BHARATH LIMITED MATHRUKA NAGAR -1, ULIYACOVIL P.O., KOLLAM - 691 019, REPRESENTED BY ITS THE MANAGER. 10 INDIA CEMENTS LIMITED BHAVANA NAGAR - 191, KADAPPAKKADA, KOLLAM - 691 008, REPRESENTED BY ITS MANAGER. 11 CHETTINAD CEMENT CORPORATION PVT. LTD. 1ST FLOOR, SHAJIS BAKERY BUILDING, PULLIKADA AASHRAMOM POST, KOLLAM, PIN - 691 001. R1-R4 & R6 BY SENIOR GOVERNMENT PLEADER ARAVIND KUMAR BABU R5 BY SRI. T.NAVEEN SC, KERALA STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD, R7 BY SRI.M.K.CHANDRA MOHAN DAS,STANDING COUNSEL R8 & R10 BY ADV. SRI.K.MANOJ CHANDRAN R11 BY ADV. PRATHEESH.P R9 BY ADV. SRI.C.SREEKUMARAN NAIR (CSN) R9 BY ADV. SRI.PRATHAP PILLAI R9 BY ADV. SRI.VISHNU PRATHAP PILLAI THIS WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD ON 09.01.2020, THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING: WP(C).No.32958 OF 2018 3 JUDGMENT
S.MANIKUMAR,CJ Contending inter alia that respondents 8 to 11 did not provide dust extracting system or measures to control, cement powder/dust emanating from the godowns while loading and unloading, which has caused considerable health hazardous complaints to the petitioner and others, in particular, the said godowns are located in proximity to a high school, an L.P.School, Anganwadi and a temple, instant writ petition is filed seeking the following reliefs:
(i) Call for the records leading to the License and Permission issued to respondents 8 to 11 to conduct the cement godowns at Devi Nagar, Uliyakovil, Kollam District and set aside the consent, License and permissions issued by Respondents to conduct the Cement Godowns operated/run at Uliyacovil, in Kollam East Village, Kollam District by the Respondents 8 to 11, for non-adherence to pollution abating techniques,
(ii) Issue a writ of mandamus or any other appropriate writ, order or direction commanding the Respondents 1 to 7 to proceed against the Respondents 8 to 11 under S.440 of The Kerala Municipality Act, Air Pollution Act, Code of Criminal Procedure and Kerala Police Act for illegal operation of the Cement Stock yard/ Godown adjacent to the Petitioners residential units, causing very severe Air Pollution, and Health Hazards to the Petitioners family along with the other residents of the Uliyacovil area in Kollam West Village.
WP(C).No.32958 OF 2018 4(iii) declare that the Respondents 1 to 7 statutory authorities are bound to trigger appropriate proceedings against the Respondents 8 to 10 under Kerala Municipality Act, Air Pollution Act, Code of Criminal Procedure and Kerala Police Act 2011, against the Respondents 8 to 11 for the illegal operation of the Cement Godown at Devi Nagar, Uliyakovil in Kollam East Village, Kollam District causing Air Pollution, and raising serious threat to the health of the Petitioners and their family and the general public at large of the Uliyacovil Area
(iv) Issue a command in the nature of mandamus directing respondents 1 to 7 to ensure that respondents 8 to 11 do not operate the cement stock yards /godowns at Devi Nagar, Uliyakovil in Kollam East Village, Kollam District without obtaining consent to operate for all the three cement stocking sheds, from the 5th respondent and without implementing necessary air pollution abatement procedures if any suggested by the 5th Respondent.
(v) Direct the 5th respondent to cause an inspection at the cement Godown premises of the 8th respondent at Devi Nagar, Uliyakovil in Kollam East Village, Kollam District and file a report to this Hon'ble Court.
(vi) issue such other reliefs as this Hon'ble Court may deem fit and proper in the circumstances of the case.
2. Respondents 8 to 11 have filed their respective counter affidavits. We directed 5th respondent to cause inspection of the godowns and to submit reports as regards the allegations made in the writ petition.
Pollution Control Board has filed three reports, which are extracted hereunder:
WP(C).No.32958 OF 2018 5Report No.1 dated 25.10.2018 REPORT FILED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER, KERALA STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD, DISTRICT OFFICE, KOLLAM, ON BEHALE OF THE 5TH RESPONDENT IN THE ABOVE CASE, AS DIRECTED BY THIS HON'BLE COURT.
Report filed as per directions of the Hon 'ble Court by Smt.Simi. P. aged 37 years. D/o Sri. T.V. Baby residing at Anizham, Maithanam, Varkala P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-695141, Environmental Engineer, Kerala State Pollution Control Board, District Office, Kollam.
2. It is most respectfully submitted that the nearby residents had filed complaint before this respondent on 03/04/2018 against the cement godowns of the respondents 8 to 10. The cement godowns of respondents 8 to 10 are operative at present with valid consents of the Board. The Consent to Operate of respondent 8 is valid up to 31/01/2020. The copy of the same is produced herewith and marked as Annerure R5(a). The Consent to Operate of respondent 9 is valid up to 31.03.2023. The copy of the same is produced herewith and marked as Annexure R5(b). The Consent to Operate of respondent 10 is valid up to 31.08.2020. The copy of the same is produced herewith marked Annexure R5(c). Respondent 11 had applied for Integrated Consent to Operate on 29.05.2014. However during the inspection conducted on 29.08.2014 it was noticed that the minimum distance criteria of 10 m was not met & necessary pollution control measures were not provided. Hence notice of intention of refusal of consent was issued to the industry on 17.09.2014 and the consent was refused on 21.01 2015. The copy of the same is produced herewith and marked as Annexure R5(d). On receipt of further complaint the unit was inspected on 7.5.2015 and noticed that the unit was still continuing operation. Hence direction was issued on 14.05.2015 to stop the operation. The copy of the said direction along with the English translation is produced herewith and marked as Annexure R5(e). The industry vide letter dated 10.07.2015 had reported that the operation had been stopped. The copy of the same is produced herewith and marked as Annexure R5(f).
3. It is respectfully submitted that the complaint received against the respondents 8 to 10 was enquired on 15.05.2018. There are no residential buildings within the 10m radial distance of the units. As per the existing categorization of Units. Cement Godown is included in the Green category, for which 3 mtr distance alone is required to be maintained by the Unit from a nearby residence. The Units had provided necessary pollution control measures inside their premises. The WP(C).No.32958 OF 2018 6 complainants were met with during the inspection. Their main complaint is dust pollution from the vehicles carrying cement to and from the godowns and their over speed. The later does not come under the purview of the Board.
4. It is respectfully submitted that the necessary directions to control dust have been issued to the respondents 8 to 10. Copy of the said direction dated 1-6-2018 along with the English translation is produced herewith and marked as Annexure R5(g). Compliance report was submitted by respondents 8 and 10. Reminder was issued to respondent 9 on 09.10.2018. Copy of the said communication dated 9- 10-2018 along with the English translation is produced and herewith and marked as Annexure R5(h). Reply from the unit is not yet received. As per the Hon'ble Court's direction inspection was conducted on 24.10.2018. During the spection it was noted that after unloading, the trucks were washed and cleaned inside the unit premises. The loaded trucks were covered with tarpaulin sheet. Hence the Board's directions were complied. However name boards were not seen provided for any of the godowns. Direction was issued to the respondents to 8 to 10 to provide the same. Copy of the said direction dated 25-10-2018 along with the English translation is produced herewith and marked as Annexure R5(i).
5. It is most respectfully submitted that this respondent have acted as per the prevailing Rules and norms. Necessary directions were timely issued based on complaints received. The units reply with the directions of the Boards and the same shall be monitored. For the reason stated above, it is submitted that there is no substance in the contentions taken in the Writ petition and petitioner is not entitled for the reliefs sought for.
All the above are true to the best of my knowledge, information and belief Dated this the 25th day of October 2018.
Sd/-
Simi.P.
Environmental Engineer Kerala Pollution Control Board, District Office, Kollam.
T. Naveen Standing Counsel for the K.S.P.C.B.
Report No.2 dated 13.3.2019 REPORT FILED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER, KERALA STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD, DISTRICT OFFICE, KOLLAM, ON BEHALF OF THE 5TH RESPONDENT IN THE ABOVE CASE AS DIRECTED BY THIS HON'BLE COURT, WP(C).No.32958 OF 2018 7 Report filed as per directions of this Hon'ble Court by Smt. Simi.P, aged 37 years, D/o Sri. T.V. Baby, residing at Anizham, Maithanam, Varkala P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-695 141, Environmental Engineer, Kerala State Pollution Control Board, District Office, Kollam.
It is most respectfully submitted that as directed by the Honourable Court, inspection was conducted in the cement godowns of Respondents 8 to 10 by Board Officers on 06.03.2019 and the compliance of consent conditions 5.10 to 5.17 were verified. The 11th respondent's godown is not in operation. The vehicles carrying cement were seen property covered. The internal roads were not found tarred or paved. The loading and unloading of cement was seen carried out within the compound wall. The vehicles were found to be halted near to the door of the godown to load or unload the cement bags from or to the godown. The concentration of PM10 (Particulate matter of size less than 10 microns) and PM2.5(Particulate matter of size less than 2.5 microns) as well as sound level were also monitored to ascertain the adequacy of the Pollution control measures adopted. The monitoring results are tabulated below.
S.No. Description PM10 PM2.5 Sound Level.
1 Anna Agencies Ambient Ambient Less than value:87.88ug/M3 value:3.16ug/M3 55dBA during loading and during loading and unloading: unloading: 95.9 ug/M3 5.30 ug/M3 2 Dalmia Cement Ambient Ambient Less than Bharat Limited value:125.45ug/M3 value:4.96ug/M3 55dBA during loading and during loading and unloading: unloading: 184.17ug/M3 5.13ug/M3 3 India Cements Ambient Ambient Less than value:116.16ug/M3 value:8.33ug/M3 55dBA during loading and during loading and unloading: unloading: 168.18ug/M3 50 ug/M3
It is found that the value of PM10 is exceeding the permissible limit of 100ug/M3 for respondents 9 and 10. The value of PM2.5 is within permissible limits of 60ug/M3 for respondents 8 to 10. The sound level was also found to be within permissible limits. The operation time and solid waste management are as per the consent conditions.
It is respectfully submitted that if the loading and unloading cement is carried out by taking the vehicles inside the godown there would have been no pollution due to dust. However, the godowns of respondents 8 to WP(C).No.32958 OF 2018 8 10 are not large enough to carry out loading and unloading in this manner. Hence, the respondents 8 to 10 were directed to provide enclosure to the area near to the godown where the vehicles are halted for loading and unloading and also to tar or pave the internal roads. If the respondents operate in compliance with the said directions there will not be any pollution problem to the petitioners.
All the above are ture to the best of my knowledge, information and belief.
Dated this the 13th day of March, 2019.
Sd/-
Simi.P.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER Kerala Pollution Control Board, District Office, Kollam.
T. Naveen Standing Counsel for the K.S.P.C.B.
Additional report dated 12.12.2019 ADDITIONAL REPORT FILED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER. KERALA STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD, DISTRICT OFFICE. KOLLAM, ON BEHALF OF THE 5TH RESPONDENT, AS DIRECTED BY THIS HON'BLE COURT ON 14-11-2019.
Report filed as per directions of the Hon'ble Court by Smt.Simi.P, aged 38 years. D/o Sri. T.V. Baby residing at Anizham, Maithanam, Varkala.P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-695141, Environmental Engineer, Kerala State Pollution Control Board, District Office, Kollam.
2. In compliance with the Order of this Hon'ble Court dated 14-11- 2019, this respondent had issued notice, vide letter dated 20.11.2019, to the Units for arranging facility to conduct air quality monitoring from 25- 11-2019 to 27-11-2019. Monitoring was conducted on the above mentioned dates as per schedule. However, accurate results could not be obtained due to the malfunctioning of the equipments used. When the Writ Petition came up for further consideration, the above facts were placed before this Hon'ble Court and this Hon'ble Court pleased to grant further time to complete the air monitoring, as directed earlier. The inconvenience caused to this Hon'ble Court in this regard is deeply regretted.
WP(C).No.32958 OF 2018 93. It is most respectfully submitted that, thereafter air monitoring was conducted by the Board in the units from 5.12.2019, continuously for three days. The loading and unloading of the cement was found carried out on all days during the said monitoring. The loading and unloading of cement was found carried out during day time and the same was carried out only inside the enclosed area earmarked for the said activity of the Units. The copy of the monitoring report is produced herewith and marked as Annexure R5(a). As per the norms PM10 measured at 1m outside of the boundary of the unit shall not exceed 100ug/M3 and PM2.5 shall not exceed 60ug/M3.. The monitoring results are tabulated below:
I.Location:M/s.Dalmia Cements (9th respondent) Sl.No Date Particulars Unit Value reported .
1 05/12/19 PM10 ug/M3 42.49 2 PM2.5 23.19 ug/M3 3 06/12/19 PM10 ug/M3 33.33 4 07/12/19 PM10 ug/M 3 20.43
II. Location: M/s.India Cements Ltd.(10th respondent) Sl. Date Particular Unit Value No. s reported 1 05/12/ PM10 ug/M3 48.5 19 2 06/12/ PM10 ug/M3 56.47 19 PM2.5 ug/M3 34.29 4 07/12/ PM10 ug/M3 34.46 19 III. Location: M/s.Anna Agencies(8th respondent) Sl.No. Date Particulars Unit Value reported 1 05/12/19 PM10 ug/M3 112.65 2 06/12/19 PM10 ug/M3 80.99 WP(C).No.32958 OF 2018 10 3 07/12/19 PM10 ug/M3 63.77 PM2.5 ug/M3 42.28
4. The 8th respondent had provided the loading/unloading shed with corrugated sheet roofing. The shed is adjoining the godown. Other sides are enclosed using garden net upto the roof level. Curtain, using garden net is provided to the fourth side used for entry/exit of vehicles. It is observed that the comparatively higher values obtained from the station near M/s.Anna Agencies, could be due to the proximity of the road and a cashew factory functioning nearby.
5. The 9th respondent had provided the loading/unloading shed with corrugated sheet roofing. Two sides share common wall with the godown buildings. The third side has wall for about 1.5m height and garden net enclosures for the remaining height up to roof level. Curtain, using garden net is provided to the fourth side used for entry/exit of vehicles.
6. The 10th respondent had provided the loading/unloading shed with corrugated sheet roofing. Two sides are enclosed using tarpaulin sheets up to roof level and third side shares a common wall with the godown. Curtain, using garden net is provided to the fourth side used for entry/exit of vehicles.
7. It was observed that the garden net, used as curtain at the entry/exit point of the units are drawn to the sides to enable entry of vehicles to the loading/unloading area and thereafter the curtains are closed, completely closing the loading/unloading area. Dust suppression is achieved in all units by water sprinkling. Considering the particle size distribution of cement PM10 is more indicative of the same. The values of PM10 on the third day in all the units are considerably lower than those of the first two days. On the third day the units had increased the frequency of wetting of their premises and roads. In this regard it is most respectfully submitted that the air quality standards are attainable with the existing control measures such as enclosure to the loading/unloading area and wetting of the premises and roads, provided they are maintained properly at all times during the operation of the units. As such, it is observed that the consent conditions are found complied with by the Units. Further, when the frequency of wetting the unit premises and the roads was increased the dust was found to have reduced and air quality had improved considerably.
8. When the matter is considered in detail it is noticed that though the enclosure using tarpaulin/garden net is found to be adequate to meet the air quality standards at present, the enclosure using such materials are of temporary nature and the chance of these getting easily damaged cannot be ruled out. Hence, it is desirable to provide enclosure of a permanent nature to the loading/unloading area. Further, being an enclosed area, the cement dust will be contained within the shed where WP(C).No.32958 OF 2018 11 the loading/unloading is carried out. This dust so accumulated inside the shed, if not removed at regular intervals may possess health hazard to the labourers who are working frequently inside the closed shed. Hence, providing dust extraction system for the loading/unloading shed is found to be necessary. Direction was issued to the units to provide dust extraction system. The copy of the direction dated 12.12.2019 is produced herewith and marked as Annexure R5(b).
All the above are true to the best of my knowledge, information and belief.
Dated this the 12th day of December, 2019.
Sd/-
Simi.P.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER Kerala Pollution Control Board, District Office, Kollam.
T. Naveen Standing Counsel for the K.S.P.C.B.
3. Going through the reports, in particular the last report dated 12.12.2019, we accept that, the Pollution Control Board, has taken appropriate action to ascertain the extent of pollution caused by respondents 8 to 11 as indicated supra and Pollution Control Board has also suggested that, it is desirable to provide a dust extraction system for the loading/unloading shed.
4. Learned counsel appearing for respondents 8 to 11, consented to provide dust extraction system, insisted by the Pollution Control Board.
Submission of the learned counsel for respondents 8 to 11 is placed on record. Such dust extraction system for the loading/unloading shed, has to be provided within one month from today.
WP(C).No.32958 OF 2018 125. Placing on record the action taken by the Pollution Control Board as evidenced in the reports cited supra, we are not inclined to issue further directions. However, before parting with the same, we only direct the Pollution Control Board to cause periodical inspection of the godowns owned by respondents 8 to 11 once in two months to ensure that said place is within the air control limits.
Writ petition is disposed of accordingly.
Sd/-
S.MANIKUMAR CHIEF JUSTICE Sd/-
SHAJI P.CHALY Smv JUDGE 10.1.2019 WP(C).No.32958 OF 2018 13 APPENDIX PETITIONER'S EXHIBITS: EXHIBIT P1 TRUE COPY OF THE COMPLAINT FIELD BY THE LOCAL RESIDENTS AND NEIGHBORS OF THE PETITIONERS, BEFORE THE 2ND RESPONDENT ALONG WITH ITS ENGLISH TRANSLATION.  EXHIBIT P3 TRUE COPY OF COMMUNICATION NO. H5-21439/18 DATED 03.05.2018 ISSUED BY THE 7TH RESPONDENT ALONG WITH ITS ENGLISH TRANSLATION. RESPONDENT'S EXHIBITS: EXHIBIT R8A TRUE COPY OF THE CONSENT TO OPERATE ISSUED BY THE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD DATED 01- 09-2016. EXHIBIT R8B TRUE COPY OF THE NOTICE DATED 6-06-2019. EXHIBIT R8C TRUE COPY OF THE LETTER DATED 12-06-2019. EXHIBIT R8D TRUE COPY OF THE LETTER DATED 19-06-2019 AND ITS ENGLISH TRANSLATION. EXHIBIT R8E TRUE COPY OF THE LETTER DATED 8.7.2019AND ITS ENGLISH TRANSLATION. EXHIBIT R8F TRUE COPY OF THE ACKNOWLEDGMENT DATED 8.7.2019 AND ITS ENGLISH VERSION EXHIBIT R8G TRUE COPIES OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING THE PRESENT LIE AND NATURE OF THE PROPERTY EXHIBIT R10(a) TRUE COPY OF THE CONSENT TO OPERATE ISSUED BY THE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD DATED 12- 09-2017. EXHIBIT R10(b) TRUE COPY OF THE NOTICE DATED 6-06-2019. EXHIBIT R10(c) TRUE COPY OF THE LETTER DATED 20-06-2019. WP(C).No.32958 OF 2018 14 EXHIBIT R10(d) TRUE COPY OF THE LETTER DATED 22-06-2019 AND ITS ENGLISH TRANSLATION. EXHIBIT R9(A) COPY OF THE CONSENT TO OPERATE ISSUED BY
KERALA STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD DATED 19.6.2018 EXHIBIT R9(B) COPY OF LETTER BY RESPONDENT NO.9 DATED 11.6.2019 ADDRESS TO RESPONDENT NO.5 EXHIBIT R9(C) COPY OF LETTER DATED 8.7.2019 SEEKING EXTENSION OF 15 DAYS ADDRESS TO RESPONDENT NO.5 ANNEXURE R5(a) TRUE COPY OF THE AIR QUALITY MONITORING REPORT ANNEXURE R5(b) TRUE COPY OF THE DIRECTION DATED 12.12.2019


CHAPTER 237
GENERAL EXCISE TAX LAW
Definitions; Administration
Section
237-1 Definitions
237-2 "Business", "engaging" in business, defined
237-3 "Gross income", "gross proceeds of sale", defined
237-4 "Wholesaler", "jobber", defined
237-5 "Producer" defined
237-6 "Contractor", "contracting", "federal cost-plus
contractor", defined
237-7 "Service business or calling", defined
237-8 Administration and enforcement by department
237-8.5 Repealed
237-8.6 County surcharge on state tax; administration
Licenses; Tax; Exemptions
237-9 Licenses; penalty
237-9.3 General excise tax benefits; denial of tax benefits
for failure to properly claim
237-9.5 No separate licensing, filing, or liability for
certain revocable trusts
237-10 Repealed
237-10.5 Reporting requirement for contractors on federal
construction projects
237-11 Tax year
237-12 Tax cumulative; extent of license
237-13 Imposition of tax
237-13.3 Repealed
237-13.5 Assessment on generated electricity
237-13.8 Sales of telecommunications services through prepaid
telephone calling service
237-14 Segregation of gross income, etc., on records and in
returns
237-14.5 Segregation of gross income, etc., on records and in
returns of telecommunications businesses
237-15 Technicians
237-16 Repealed
237-16.5 Tax on written real property leases; deduction allowed
237-16.8 Exemption of certain convention, conference, and trade
show fees
237-17 Persons with impaired sight, hearing, or who are
totally disabled
237-18 Further provisions as to application of tax
237-19 Repealed
237-20 Principles applicable in certain situations
237-21 Apportionment
237-22 Conformity to Constitution, etc.
237-23 Exemptions, persons exempt, applications for exemption
237-23.5 Related entities; common paymaster; certain exempt
transactions
237-24 Amounts not taxable
237-24.3 Additional amounts not taxable
237-24.5 Additional exemptions
237-24.7 Additional amounts not taxable
237-24.75 Additional exemptions
237-24.8 Amounts not taxable for financial institutions
237-24.9 Aircraft service and maintenance facility
237-25 Exemptions of sales and gross proceeds of sales to
federal government, and credit unions
237-26 Exemption of certain scientific contracts with the
United States
237-27 Exemption of certain petroleum refiners
237-27.1 Repealed
237-27.5 Air pollution control facility
237-27.6 Solid waste processing, disposal, and electric
generating facility; certain amounts exempt
237-28 Repealed
237-28.1 Exemption of certain shipbuilding and ship repair
business
237-28.2 Repealed
237-29 Exemptions for certified or approved housing projects
237-29.5 Exemption for sales of tangible personal property
shipped out of the State
237-29.53 Exemption for contracting or services exported out of
State
237-29.55 Exemption for sale of tangible personal property for
resale at wholesale
237-29.6, 29.65 Repealed
237-29.7 Exemption of insurance companies
237-29.75 Repealed
237-29.8 Call centers; exemption; engaging in business;
definitions
Returns and Payments
237-30 Monthly, quarterly, or semiannual return,
computation of tax, payment
237-30.5 Collection of rental by third party; filing with
department; statement required
237-31 Remittances
237-32 Penalties
237-33 Annual return, payment of tax
237-33.5 Federal assessments; adjustments of gross income or
gross proceeds of sale; report to the department
237-34 Filing of returns; disclosure of returns unlawful,
penalty; destruction of returns
237-35 Consolidated reports; interrelated business
Assessments, Refunds, and Records
237-36 Erroneous returns, disallowance of exemption, payment
237-37 Refunds and credits
237-38 Failure to make return
237-39 Audits; procedure, penalties
237-40 Limitation period
237-41 Records to be kept; examination
237-41.5 Certain amounts held in trust; liability of key
individuals
Appeals
237-42 Appeals
237-43 Bulk sales; transfers; penalties
237-44 Entertainment business
237-45 Repealed
237-46 Collection by suit; injunction
237-47 District judges; concurrent civil jurisdiction in tax
collections
Offenses; Penalties
237-48 Repealed
237-49 Unfair competition; penalty
Cross References
Tax collection; mainland contractors working on federal construction projects, see §231-9.3.
Law Journals and Reviews
Taxes in Hawaii since July 1, 1968: A Report on the Unreported Decisions of Judge Dick Yin Wong. 9 HBJ, no. 4, at 95 (1973).
Taxes in Hawaii 1983-1988: A Funny Thing Happened at the Forum. 22 HBJ, no. 1, at 53 (1989).
Hawaii's General Excise Tax Law: A Comprehensive Review of the Decisions. II HBJ, no. 13, at 1 (1998).
Case Notes
Where plaintiff was a "retailer" licensed under this chapter, used the goods in Hawaii after it purchased and imported them from the mainland "for purposes of resale", it was liable for the use tax under this section. 128 H. 116, 284 P.3d 209 (2012).
Value of management and administrative services taxpayer provided to its wholly owned subsidiaries was taxable under this chapter. 6 H. App. 260, 718 P.2d 1122 (1986).


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APIs
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The feature structure depends on the type of the strategy. A feature can have the following strategies:
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"id": "basic:feature",
"enabled": true,
"activationStrategy": "NO_STRATEGY"
}
RELEASE_DATE format
{
"id": "feature:with:date",
"enabled": true,
"parameters": {
"releaseDate": "13/12/2017 10:29:04"
},
"activationStrategy": "RELEASE_DATE"
}
DATE_RANGE format
{
"id": "feature:with:datetange",
"enabled": true,
"parameters": {
"from": "2017-12-13 10:29:04",
"to": "2017-12-14 00:45:23"
},
"activationStrategy": "DATE_RANGE"
}
HOUR_RANGE format
{
"id": "feature:with:hour:range",
"enabled": true,
"parameters": {
"startDate": "10:15",
"endDate": "18:30"
},
"activationStrategy": "HOUR_RANGE"
}
SCRIPT format
The field type
can be * javascript * kotlin * scala
{
"id": "feature:with:script",
"enabled": true,
"parameters": {
"type": "javascript",
"script": "/**\n * context: a JSON object containing app specific value \n * to evaluate the state of the feature\n * enabled: a callback to mark the feature as active \n * for this request\n * disabled: a callback to mark the feature as inactive \n * for this request \n * http: a http client\n */ \nfunction enabled(context, enabled, disabled, http) {\n if (context.user ===<EMAIL_ADDRESS>{\n return enabled();\n }\n return disabled();\n}"
},
"activationStrategy": "SCRIPT"
}
GLOBAL_SCRIPT format
{
"id": "feature:with:global:script",
"enabled": false,
"parameters": {
"ref": "project:script:ref"
},
"activationStrategy": "GLOBAL_SCRIPT"
}
PERCENTAGE format
{
"id": "feature:with:percentage",
"enabled": false,
"parameters": {
"percentage": 60
},
"activationStrategy": "PERCENTAGE"
}
CRUD API
Features expose a classic CRUD REST api :
List all
curl -X GET \
'http://localhost:9000/api/features?pattern=feature:*&page=1&pageSize=15' \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-H 'Izanami-Client-Id: xxxx' \
-H 'Izanami-Client-Secret: xxxx' | jq
Will respond with a 200 status code:
{
"results": [
{
"id": "feature:with:date",
"enabled": true,
"parameters": {
"releaseDate": "13/12/2017 10:29:04"
},
"activationStrategy": "RELEASE_DATE"
},
{
"id": "feature:with:script",
"enabled": true,
"parameters": {
"type": "javascript",
"script": "/**\n * context: a JSON object containing app specific value \n * to evaluate the state of the feature\n * enabled: a callback to mark the feature as active \n * for this request\n * disabled: a callback to mark the feature as inactive \n * for this request \n * http: a http client\n */ \nfunction enabled(context, enabled, disabled, http) {\n if (context.user ===<EMAIL_ADDRESS>{\n return enabled();\n }\n return disabled();\n}"
},
"activationStrategy": "SCRIPT"
},
{
"id": "feature:with:global:script",
"enabled": true,
"parameters": {
"ref": "project:script2"
},
"activationStrategy": "GLOBAL_SCRIPT"
}
],
"metadata": {
"page": 1,
"pageSize": 15,
"count": 3,
"nbPages": 1
}
}
The query params are optional and the value used in this example are the default one.
 Be careful using this API because the results are not paged so be sure to use an appropriate pattern :
Check the features without context
curl -X GET \
'http://localhost:9000/api/tree/features?pattern=feature:*' \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-H 'Izanami-Client-Id: xxxx' \
-H 'Izanami-Client-Secret: xxxx' | jq
We will get the following response:
{
"feature": {
"simple": {
"active": true
},
"with": {
"date": {
"active": true
},
"script": {
"active": false
},
"global": {
"script": {
"active": false
}
}
}
}
}
Or with context:
curl -X POST \
'http://localhost:9000/api/tree/features?pattern=feature:*' \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-H 'Izanami-Client-Id: xxxx' \
-H 'Izanami-Client-Secret: xxxx' \
-d '{ "user"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>}' \
| jq
{
"feature": {
"simple": {
"active": true
},
"with": {
"date": {
"active": true
},
"script": {
"active": false
},
"global": {
"script": {
"active": true
}
}
}
}
}
List features with the active attribute without context
curl -X GET \
'http://localhost:9000/api/features?pattern=feature:*&active=true' \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-H 'Izanami-Client-Id: xxxx' \
-H 'Izanami-Client-Secret: xxxx' | jq
The result is the following
{
"results": [
{
"id": "feature:simple",
"enabled": true,
"activationStrategy": "NO_STRATEGY",
"active": true
},
{
"id": "feature:with:date",
"enabled": true,
"parameters": {
"releaseDate": "13/12/2017 10:29:04"
},
"activationStrategy": "RELEASE_DATE",
"active": true
},
{
"id": "feature:with:script",
"enabled": true,
"parameters": {
"type": "javascript",
"script": "/**\n * context: a JSON object containing app specific value \n * to evaluate the state of the feature\n * enabled: a callback to mark the feature as active \n * for this request\n * disabled: a callback to mark the feature as inactive \n * for this request \n * http: a http client\n */ \nfunction enabled(context, enabled, disabled, http) {\n if (context.user ===<EMAIL_ADDRESS>{\n return enabled();\n }\n return disabled();\n}"
},
"activationStrategy": "SCRIPT",
"active": false
},
{
"id": "feature:with:global:script",
"enabled": true,
"parameters": {
"ref": "project:script2"
},
"activationStrategy": "GLOBAL_SCRIPT",
"active": false
}
],
"metadata": {
"page": 1,
"pageSize": 15,
"count": 4,
"nbPages": 1
}
}
List features with the active attribute with context
curl -X POST \
'http://localhost:9000/api/features/_checks?pattern=feature:*' \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-H 'Izanami-Client-Id: xxxx' \
-H 'Izanami-Client-Secret: xxxx' \
-d '{ "user"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>}' \
| jq
The result is the following
{
"results": [
{
"id": "feature:simple",
"enabled": true,
"activationStrategy": "NO_STRATEGY",
"active": true
},
{
"id": "feature:with:date",
"enabled": true,
"parameters": {
"releaseDate": "13/12/2017 10:29:04"
},
"activationStrategy": "RELEASE_DATE",
"active": true
},
{
"id": "feature:with:script",
"enabled": true,
"parameters": {
"type": "javascript",
"script": "/**\n * context: a JSON object containing app specific value \n * to evaluate the state of the feature\n * enabled: a callback to mark the feature as active \n * for this request\n * disabled: a callback to mark the feature as inactive \n * for this request \n * http: a http client\n */ \nfunction enabled(context, enabled, disabled, http) {\n if (context.user ===<EMAIL_ADDRESS>{\n return enabled();\n }\n return disabled();\n}"
},
"activationStrategy": "SCRIPT",
"active": true
},
{
"id": "feature:with:global:script",
"enabled": true,
"parameters": {
"ref": "project:script2"
},
"activationStrategy": "GLOBAL_SCRIPT",
"active": false
}
],
"metadata": {
"page": 1,
"pageSize": 15,
"count": 4,
"nbPages": 1
}
}
Download and Upload
Download and upload is done using the nd-json format.


pragma solidity ^0.6.0;
import<EMAIL_ADDRESS>import<EMAIL_ADDRESS>import "./District.sol";
contract VoteToken is ERC721, Ownable{
mapping(uint256 => uint8) public district; //maps token ID to District voter it is issued to is on.
mapping(uint256 => mapping(uint8=>address)) public preferences; //maps token ID to the preferences selected by the voter.
uint public voteStart; //Time (in seconds since epoch)
uint public voteEnd;
//Much of the ERC721 functionality will be restricted to only the District contracts.
mapping(address => bool) public allowedContracts;
modifier OnlyAllowed {
require(allowedContracts[msg.sender] == true || msg.sender == owner(),"Calling Address not in list of allowed contracts.");
_;
}
constructor(string memory __name, string memory __symbol, uint _voteStart, uint _voteEnd) ERC721(__name,__symbol) Ownable() public{
voteStart = _voteStart;
voteEnd = _voteEnd;
allowedContracts[address(this)] = true;
}
//Called For Each District Contract Address.
function setAllowed(address _address) public onlyOwner {
allowedContracts[_address] = true;
}
/*
Ensures No tokens can be transferred (ie: voting) before or after voting period ends
*/
function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) internal override {
require( ( (now >= voteStart && now <= voteEnd) || (_msgSender() == owner() && now <= voteEnd) ),"Voting Not Open.");
}
/* Maps a given vote Token ID to a mapping of the voter's preferences (1..N) to the addresses of the corresponding candidates. */
function setVotePreferences(uint256 _tokenId, address[] memory _preferences) public{
_isApprovedOrOwner(_msgSender(), _tokenId);
for(uint8 i = 1; i <= _preferences.length; i++){
preferences[_tokenId][i] = _preferences[i-1];
}
}
/* Utilises vanilla ERC721 mint functionality but adds the restrictions that the mint is rejected if the recipient has a balance larger than 0;
As every voter may only be issued one vote and that only the owner of the VoteToken contract (the Election Controller contract) may call it.
Additionally, it also assigns the number of the electoral district in which the voter resides as metadata*/
function mint(address _to, uint256 _tokenId, uint8 _districtNo) public onlyOwner{
Erequire(balanceOf(_to) == 0,"Recipient Already has a vote. (balance non 0)"); //no one may have more than 1 vote.
_mint(_to , _tokenId);
district[_tokenId] = _districtNo;
}
/*
May be called only by District contracts (onlyAllowed). Used in order to redistribute votes from candidates that are eliminated in the process of counting.
Has the additional restriction that each token must "belong" to the District that is attempting to seize it.
*/
function transferAllBack(address _from) public OnlyAllowed {
uint8 _districtNo = District(msg.sender).districtNumber();
uint balance = balanceOf(_from);
for(uint32 i = 0; i < balance; i++){
uint256 tokenId = tokenOfOwnerByIndex(_from,i);
require(district[tokenId] == _districtNo,"Attempting to seize token from another district.");
transferFrom(_from,msg.sender,tokenId);
}
}
/*Proxy for the vanilla transferFrom function of ERC721, but restricts it to only allowed callers (District contracts))*/
function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) public OnlyAllowed override {
super.transferFrom(from,to,tokenId);
}
/*
Safe Transfer is used to check that a recipient of a token is either: a wallet address or, if it is a contract, that it has functionality that allows it to
transfer otherwise make use of the tokens it receives. This was implemented in order to ensure tokens are not lost by being sent to a contract that has no way of moving them.
It is not necessary for this application given the limited use-scope of our token. It has therefore been overriden with an empty function.
*/
function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) public override {
/*unnecessary*/
}
function kill() public onlyOwner {
selfdestruct(msg.sender);
}
} |


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